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+vt9mhFfwCfy-00000-00000180-00000419 welcome welcome to our Arizona news show
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00001-00000420-00000628 we got all the hamsters spinning in the
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00002-00000629-00000778 background running all of our equipment
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00003-00000779-00001127 and uh I am uh we've got our names up
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00004-00001128-00001253 here so we don't even have to tell you
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00005-00001254-00001636 who we are except uh just a reminder
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00006-00001637-00001901 that uh not only is Pat ruggedly
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00007-00001902-00002123 Handsome when we talked about uh how the
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00008-00002124-00002213 chat
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00009-00002214-00002489 uh program sent him a polite letter to
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00010-00002490-00002681 telling him he could no longer be on the
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00011-00002682-00002902 show we managed to negotiate a
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00012-00002903-00003131 settlement and Pat will be on like this
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00013-00003132-00003809 from now
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00014-00003810-00004045 yeah
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00015-00004046-00004331 yeah it's you know what Pat I'm gonna
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00016-00004332-00004553 start with you because it's just been a
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00017-00004554-00004649 wild
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00018-00004650-00004847 few days I'm not even giving you any
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00019-00004848-00005056 warm-up this time it's like dive in
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00020-00005057-00005170 buddy
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00021-00005171-00005381 um because it's uh the right picture
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00022-00005382-00005686 that I'm seeing um it's it kind of was
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00023-00005687-00006083 it unexpected
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00024-00006084-00006341 yeah I mean
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00025-00006342-00006628 well today the market the 10 year the
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00026-00006629-00006767 five and a half was down five basis
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00027-00006768-00007096 points uh we've been seeing this short
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00028-00007097-00007296 term
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00029-00007297-00007678 uptick in rates and um yeah I think it
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00030-00007679-00007967 was somewhat unexpected by the markets
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00031-00007968-00008117 um I think the markets kind of settled
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00032-00008118-00008405 in that inflation was on its way down we
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00033-00008406-00008573 saw retail sales up like three percent
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00034-00008574-00008771 in January
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00035-00008772-00008987 um Barry had said that uh that kind of
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00036-00008988-00009124 you know spooked the markets a little
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00037-00009125-00009413 bit but we've been in this little you
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00038-00009414-00009742 can see here right uh right here I mean
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00039-00009743-00009863 let's see I could blow it up a little
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00040-00009864-00010001 bit more
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00041-00010002-00010283 um or back it up but we've been you
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00042-00010284-00010510 should see this thing right here
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00043-00010511-00010805 in this increase the last week and um
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00044-00010806-00011027 like I said I think it's been because
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00045-00011028-00011087 um
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00046-00011088-00011249 the feds
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00047-00011250-00011423 and the markets have been playing like I
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00048-00011424-00011585 said last week been playing chicken with
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00049-00011586-00011759 each other I think the markets said hey
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00050-00011760-00011956 we're gonna see inflation coming back
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00051-00011957-00012149 down a little bit but the and the FEDS
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00052-00012150-00012317 said you know what
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00053-00012318-00012442 you know I think the market stood out
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00054-00012443-00012587 the feds will probably start backing off
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00055-00012588-00012905 but the feds are just gonna hold Pat our
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00056-00012906-00013222 whole study here and I think um rates
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00057-00013223-00013403 started rising and it became you know
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00058-00013404-00013553 came after the labor the labor market
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00059-00013554-00013871 data came out in February last week and
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00060-00013872-00013997 I think the markets are just kind of
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00061-00013997-00014171 reassessing their outlook for their
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00062-00014172-00014411 short-term rates you know they're
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00063-00014412-00014747 controlled by the fed and I think um
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00064-00014747-00015077 you know short-term rates you know
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00065-00015078-00015227 are going to be kept a little bit higher
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00066-00015228-00015466 than normal
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00067-00015468-00015655 um
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00068-00015656-00015899 I've had a lot of requests for me to
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00069-00015900-00016363 tape this back on the lamp
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00070-00016363-00016558 no kidding
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00071-00016559-00016865 um even if it was one day just one day
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00072-00016866-00017194 yeah yeah one day but I mean I was
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00073-00017195-00017369 surprised
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00074-00017370-00017650 go ahead sorry uh you know I think I
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00075-00017651-00017986 think I think um you know uh you know I
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00076-00017987-00018119 think everybody I think the markets were
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00077-00018120-00018239 a little surprised by that that's why
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00078-00018240-00018394 we're seeing this bump in rates I mean
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00079-00018395-00018617 if you look at it um I'm just going to
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00080-00018618-00018772 show the I'm gonna throw the rates a
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00081-00018773-00019097 rate chart um I just pulled up rates
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00082-00019098-00019163 um
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00083-00019164-00019361 if you can see it here this is basically
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00084-00019362-00019636 for uh 550 000 purchase five percent
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00085-00019637-00019913 down 780 credit score
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00086-00019914-00020230 but now uh now do I don't have to blow
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00087-00020231-00020375 this up do I wreck
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00088-00020376-00020669 I can blow it up in post-production okay
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00089-00020670-00020783 yeah
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00090-00020784-00021005 um but at six and a half I mean we're
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00091-00021006-00021143 looking at six and a half as a cost of
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00092-00021144-00021322 fourteen hundred dollars now where it
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00093-00021323-00021467 was a couple weeks ago we were looking
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00094-00021468-00022061 at at 599 and six that that would be a
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00095-00022062-00022193 cost of seventy three hundred to eight
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00096-00022194-00022480 thousand dollars so in the last week and
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00097-00022481-00022661 a half your costs if you're looking in
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00098-00022662-00022871 the low sixes like so I like a couple
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00099-00022872-00023057 people of 599
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00100-00023058-00023261 and but now it's a cost of eight
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00101-00023262-00023525 thousand dollars so that that bump from
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00102-00023526-00023753 599 to six
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00103-00023754-00024178 was probably that's realistically about
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00104-00024179-00024335 yeah no kidding I'm you know I'm still
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00105-00024336-00024508 getting over my cold
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00106-00024509-00024664 um but that's that's an increase of
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00107-00024665-00025085 about 200 a month just from that uh six
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00108-00025086-00025349 to about six and a half range that's 200
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00109-00025350-00025787 a month wow somehow that you know that
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00110-00025788-00025949 because once again it goes back to
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00111-00025950-00026225 elasticity of Demand on these rates
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00112-00026226-00026435 um you know just how easily they bumped
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00113-00026436-00026717 up and I know for a fact on mortgage
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00114-00026718-00026974 News Daily they said that um the average
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00115-00026975-00027143 across the board is six and three
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00116-00027144-00027389 quarters and you're probably I'm sure
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00117-00027389-00027551 you're seeing lenders in the seven range
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00118-00027552-00027718 you know I'm still in the six and a half
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00119-00027719-00027911 range but I guarantee you there's
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00120-00027912-00028090 there's lenders in probably seven seven
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00121-00028091-00028324 a seven a quarter you know Ruby and
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00122-00028325-00028595 Jackie if I can maybe attest to that if
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00123-00028595-00028714 they were you know so different people
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00124-00028716-00028889 they worked Ruby actually
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00125-00028889-00029189 Ruby has has a client
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00126-00029189-00029320 um maybe you want to talk about that
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00127-00029322-00029381 real
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00128-00029382-00029590 quick Ruby has a client that a down
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00129-00029591-00029855 payment assistance uh they came with
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00130-00029856-00029999 their own lender and what were they
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00131-00030000-00030317 quoting seven and a half
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00132-00030318-00030485 um well the lenders in the high sevens
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00133-00030486-00030712 for down payment assistance and little
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00134-00030713-00031151 eights so they're 300 300 000 house
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00135-00031152-00031408 they're looking at a payment you know 24
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00136-00031410-00031679 to 2600.
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00137-00031680-00031787 um so they're probably not going to be
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00138-00031788-00031990 able to buy unless they just do gift
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00139-00031991-00032261 money from someone and um you know
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00140-00032262-00032555 family or whatever and try to get seller
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00141-00032556-00032681 concessions so we're not gonna be able
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00142-00032682-00033007 to help them
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00143-00033008-00033412 or I might even switch lenders
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00144-00033413-00033811 yeah down payment assistance
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00145-00033812-00034061 yeah John payment down payment
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00146-00034062-00034240 assistance is not cheap I mean it's it
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00147-00034241-00034385 you're gonna it comes at a cost I mean
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00148-00034386-00034589 it's not free money and uh typically
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00149-00034590-00034715 you're gonna see a rate that's gonna be
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00150-00034716-00034877 a half a point you know three quarter
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00151-00034878-00035033 point point higher you know they're kind
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00152-00035034-00035321 of fixed rates there and um that's why I
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00153-00035322-00035537 try to tell people you know
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00154-00035538-00035717 down payment assistance really is your
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00155-00035718-00035921 your money of Last Resort because the
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00156-00035922-00036101 fees are higher the rates are higher you
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00157-00036102-00036287 know they get that money somewhere so
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00158-00036288-00036437 it's not free right and that's the thing
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00159-00036438-00036617 that um a lot of people don't know they
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00160-00036618-00036809 can get gifted money from relatives or
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00161-00036810-00037049 you know Uncle or Aunt or 401K they can
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00162-00037050-00037240 you know like that's why regardless of
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00163-00037241-00037415 when they've bought a house I try to
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00164-00037416-00037661 tell them that because a lot of I don't
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00165-00037662-00037787 want to assume that people know where to
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00166-00037788-00037912 get money from because you know they
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00167-00037913-00038237 might have a you know a father or a dad
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00168-00038238-00038411 or uncle that you're like hey I'll I'll
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00169-00038412-00038645 give you you know 25 000 to get the
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00170-00038646-00038824 house or whatever so
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00171-00038825-00039065 um it's it's really is one of those
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00172-00039066-00039239 things that you have to kind of ask the
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00173-00039240-00039377 question because you don't know you know
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00174-00039378-00039521 the answer until you ask the question
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00175-00039522-00039683 because sometimes people don't have that
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00176-00039684-00039785 money available
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00177-00039786-00040102 but um yeah I mean it's so it's rates
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00178-00040103-00040343 have crept up I mean um
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00179-00040344-00040529 I think this is kind of a short-term
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00180-00040530-00040709 thing I think Barry's still on the right
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00181-00040710-00040871 path that um
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00182-00040872-00041093 that you know rates will come back down
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00183-00041094-00041302 but you know I think this is a short
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00184-00041303-00041543 term that the markets are kind of giving
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00185-00041544-00041873 in to the feds and saying the FED I
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00186-00041874-00042040 you know we're just gonna sit here for a
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00187-00042041-00042323 while and I this could be going on for
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00188-00042324-00042490 longer than I think what people
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00189-00042491-00042845 anticipate and this is clearly if rates
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00190-00042846-00042995 if Freights stay where they're at even
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00191-00042996-00043157 just where they're at today I think it
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00192-00043158-00043330 pretty much takes the wind out of the
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00193-00043331-00043552 sails for the spring Market
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00194-00043553-00043696 um it's not gonna be alarming but it's
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00195-00043697-00043943 not going to be as much and we were
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00196-00043944-00044183 seeing um and I'll show it in a charter
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00197-00044184-00044357 in a couple minutes that you know
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00198-00044358-00044530 January in the beginning of February was
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00199-00044531-00044795 actually pretty good right it was yeah
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00200-00044796-00045161 so it this and this and you know the FED
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00201-00045162-00045358 is seeing those numbers too and so are
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00202-00045359-00045593 the bond Traders and they you know they
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00203-00045594-00045833 they need you know there's a danger in
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00204-00045834-00046151 cutting back too soon and re reigniting
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00205-00046152-00046343 everything and the
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00206-00046344-00046561 um we'll go back
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00207-00046562-00046745 is still
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00208-00046746-00046912 um for an inflation rate is still pretty
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00209-00046913-00047105 pretty aggressive
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00210-00047106-00047327 yeah this is January you know this is
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00211-00047328-00047602 this is this downward Trend
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00212-00047603-00047933 um right here uh you know down here I I
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00213-00047934-00048262 I is uh where you know we saw the trend
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00214-00048263-00048539 you know demand pick up and it's been
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00215-00048540-00048701 one of those things
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00216-00048702-00048857 so
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00217-00048858-00049133 if they revise the job report could that
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00218-00049134-00049379 have enough Pat
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00219-00049380-00049601 yeah yeah they always revise the job
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00220-00049602-00049739 report to see you know they're always
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00221-00049740-00049985 revising it downward it's it they never
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00222-00049986-00050152 it never seems like they come in and say
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00223-00050153-00050339 yep they were pretty much spot on they
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00224-00050340-00050573 will I just think that um
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00225-00050574-00050824 there's still a lot of you know the feds
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00226-00050825-00050962 think there's demand you know inflation
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00227-00050963-00051208 out there I'm I do know the shipping
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00228-00051209-00051358 costs they said Barry had said that
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00229-00051359-00051514 shipping costs are down like three and a
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00230-00051515-00051779 half 3.2 to 3.3 percent those are coming
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00231-00051779-00051946 down which is definitely deflationary
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00232-00051947-00052180 but uh you know purchase applications
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00233-00052182-00052373 are down like six percent I think last
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00234-00052374-00052541 week and then they're down 43 percent
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00235-00052541-00052859 year over year so
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00236-00052860-00053050 um but the activity you know I've been
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00237-00053051-00053297 steady busy I mean
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00238-00053298-00053482 just seems like we've got you've got
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00239-00053483-00053638 some people that are just determined to
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00240-00053639-00053825 buy a house
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00241-00053826-00054071 and uh the majority of the buyers I'm
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00242-00054072-00054244 working with right now it's all
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00243-00054245-00054569 necessity I've got several military
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00244-00054570-00054832 um people with leases coming up and
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00245-00054833-00055013 they're having the attitude that you
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00246-00055014-00055259 know we I even talked to point out today
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00247-00055260-00055480 and I said you know you need to
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00248-00055482-00055691 um she came to me with a lender and I
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00249-00055691-00055816 said you need to touch base with your
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00250-00055817-00055966 lender if you're not locked in and see
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00251-00055967-00056159 where you're at because we might need to
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00252-00056160-00056416 make some adjustments and she's you know
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00253-00056417-00056626 she said she had but she's still
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00254-00056627-00056830 determined she's tired of paying paying
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00255-00056832-00057023 somebody else's mortgage and then I've
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00256-00057024-00057292 got several Navy Fed people that you
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00257-00057294-00057509 know they they're being transferred and
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00258-00057510-00057659 they've got a couple people that are job
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00259-00057660-00057809 transfers so
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00260-00057810-00058019 there's still going to be activity but
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00261-00058020-00058271 yeah I mean
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00262-00058272-00058529 well we creep over seven we're
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00263-00058529-00058709 come to a hole together
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00264-00058710-00059015 yeah yeah and it's not
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00265-00059016-00059188 um it's not going to put anybody in a
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00266-00059189-00059392 terrible bind if we slow down for a few
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00267-00059394-00059585 months before we get in the summer it's
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00268-00059586-00059909 it's healthy uh but
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00269-00059910-00060107 um you know I I
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00270-00060108-00060280 I'm not going to bet you that dollar
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00271-00060282-00060430 that rates aren't going to go down in
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00272-00060432-00060649 May because like
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00273-00060650-00060935 all right first I don't want to have to
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00274-00060936-00061444 give you this is my last one yeah
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00275-00061445-00061697 I wanted to talk about a video that came
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00276-00061698-00061919 out this morning that uh you know is
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00277-00061920-00062188 getting a lot of attention and and once
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00278-00062189-00062332 again
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00279-00062333-00062632 um it's it's this big highlight and this
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00280-00062633-00062891 big number about how Phoenix is crashing
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00281-00062891-00063269 and the numbers although they're close
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00282-00063270-00063550 to being accurate they don't tell the
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00283-00063551-00063742 story they're trying to take the numbers
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00284-00063744-00063965 to fit the narrative
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00285-00063966-00064247 in other words listings in Phoenix are
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00286-00064248-00064338 up
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00287-00064339-00064649 190 percent
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00288-00064650-00064900 you know one the fourth highest in the
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00289-00064901-00065056 nation I think believe is what it was
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00290-00065057-00065326 and uh what were some of the other stats
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00291-00065327-00065621 that were thrown out there oh that our
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00292-00065622-00065903 listing inventory is at an all-time
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00293-00065904-00066305 all-time high for the seven year average
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00294-00066306-00066647 okay so seven year average let's let's
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00295-00066648-00066965 take a look at that so it's now I'm I'm
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00296-00066966-00067144 gonna show this because I think it
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00297-00067145-00067300 illustrates that when somebody comes out
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00298-00067301-00067463 and just starts spitting that stuff out
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00299-00067464-00067582 without really looking at the real
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00300-00067583-00067788 numbers to doing everybody a disservice
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00301-00067789-00068050 I'm not going to show this to say see
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00302-00068051-00068171 the Market's not going to go down
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00303-00068172-00068326 because it could
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00304-00068327-00068638 um but I'm not going to say well this
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00305-00068639-00068771 here's proof that we're not going to
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00306-00068772-00069041 crash you know we might I don't know but
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00307-00069042-00069191 I'm saying this the way these numbers
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00308-00069192-00069526 are presented are so off balance it just
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00309-00069527-00069700 drove me crazy so here's the true
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00310-00069701-00069965 numbers guys got your calculators
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00311-00069966-00070211 we're 14
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00312-00070212-00070338 000 17
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00313-00070339-00070565 721 listings
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00314-00070566-00070906 this is as of Saturday night last year
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00315-00070907-00071303 we were at 4 600.
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00316-00071304-00071561 so if you divide this by that and we did
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00317-00071562-00071723 it earlier what's that percentage Pat
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00318-00071724-00071953 what would we come up with
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00319-00071954-00072209 320 percent
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00320-00072210-00072455 320 percent so
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00321-00072456-00072821 they said we were up 190 percent and
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00322-00072822-00073150 that that's just awful well I hope so I
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00323-00073151-00073505 mean because 320 we're still not what we
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00324-00073506-00073685 would consider our average number of
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00325-00073686-00073900 listings for this market now they said
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00326-00073901-00074200 this is a seven year high right
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00327-00074201-00074579 right here yeah yeah here's our extremes
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00328-00074580-00074771 and right here our extreme says the
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00329-00074772-00075073 highest you've ever been 58 000.
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00330-00075074-00075263 typical
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00331-00075264-00075550 twenty seven thousand eighty five now if
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00332-00075551-00075682 you take that twenty seven thousand
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00333-00075683-00075863 eighty five and you divide it by the
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00334-00075864-00076325 4600 last year that's 530 percent
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00335-00076326-00076493 and
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00336-00076494-00076805 if we grow by 530 percent the listings
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00337-00076806-00077062 will be typical
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00338-00077063-00077231 not
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00339-00077232-00077405 sky is falling
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00340-00077406-00077621 and so I think that's very disingenuous
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00341-00077622-00077879 to you know to shout that number up now
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00342-00077880-00078179 let's look at sales per month
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00343-00078180-00078382 we're down
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00344-00078383-00078521 No Doubt
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00345-00078522-00078676 we've been down
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00346-00078677-00078959 right here but I put 2008 here
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00347-00078960-00079156 now if you look at 2008 we're sitting
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00348-00079157-00079475 here at less than three thousand per
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00349-00079476-00079781 month at a time
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00350-00079782-00079955 when we had
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00351-00079956-00080200 58 000 listings
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00352-00080201-00080375 there's your gap between supply and
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00353-00080376-00080549 demand that's why the wheels fell off
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00354-00080550-00080794 the wagon yep
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00355-00080795-00081005 so then you look at months of Supply
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00356-00081006-00081412 okay our month's Supply right now or 3.4
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00357-00081413-00081826 average is usually about six months
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00358-00081827-00081959 let's look at see if they have it here
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00359-00081960-00082162 oh they have all months Supply here it
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00360-00082163-00082675 is we had a 20 month supply back in 2008
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00361-00082676-00083153 average is 4.3 our lowest was
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00362-00083154-00083309 less than a month
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00363-00083310-00083519 and right now we're sitting at instead
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00364-00083520-00083682 of 4.3 as an average
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00365-00083683-00084029 3.5 so I don't see any alarming numbers
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00366-00084030-00084197 out there that you can make a video on
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00367-00084198-00084509 that says that we're in deep due to
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00368-00084510-00084623 no
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00369-00084624-00084875 I could make up some stuff I could tell
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00370-00084876-00085061 you that that inventory number that
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00371-00085062-00085247 we're seeing is going up at such a fast
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00372-00085248-00085481 rate that oh no I can't because it's
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00373-00085482-00085612 actually going down
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00374-00085613-00085738 yeah
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00375-00085739-00085919 so those those kind of videos I just
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00376-00085920-00086062 want to you know straighten everybody
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00377-00086063-00086338 out on that but people gravitate towards
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00378-00086339-00086771 that negativity sensationalism
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00379-00086772-00087011 red thumbnails with atom bombs and
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00380-00087012-00087149 Flames
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00381-00087150-00087361 hahaha
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00382-00087362-00087688 that's what that's what shows but are
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00383-00087689-00087929 you are you you know we're in YouTube
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00384-00087930-00088168 World here so we see it but let me ask
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00385-00088169-00088391 uh the dynamic duo here does anybody
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00386-00088392-00088547 ever make comments on something that
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00387-00088548-00088841 they saw on YouTube as far as I heard or
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00388-00088842-00088985 saw that
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00389-00088986-00089243 the Market's going to do this
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00390-00089244-00089435 me
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00391-00089436-00089788 absolutely dynamic
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00392-00089789-00090215 dude your record s
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00393-00090216-00090544 um yeah so I think I mentioned in fact I
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00394-00090545-00090850 sent him your water videos I just had a
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00395-00090851-00091049 client that we were supposed to be
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00396-00091050-00091355 listing his Central Phoenix home and
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00397-00091356-00091517 they were going to be buying a buckeye
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00398-00091518-00091799 and his wife is scared to death thinking
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00399-00091800-00092093 and they're not looking at new builds
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00400-00092094-00092249 um they're not looking and even the new
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00401-00092250-00092399 builds they're permitted if they're
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00402-00092400-00092699 permitted they they're good and I
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00403-00092700-00092926 explained to him I said if you're buying
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00404-00092927-00093221 some land out there you can't do a well
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00405-00093222-00093412 and you're going to want to get permits
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00406-00093413-00093665 later you could possibly have a problem
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00407-00093666-00093911 yes but
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00408-00093912-00094247 they're looking at resale and so I sent
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00409-00094248-00094475 him a bunch of water videos so that he
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00410-00094476-00094709 could show them to his wife I've also
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00411-00094710-00094906 had numerous clients that have talked
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00412-00094907-00095206 about oh we see Phoenix is crashing
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00413-00095207-00095411 um in fact
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00414-00095412-00095603 some other gentleman that likes to make
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00415-00095604-00095794 videos and act like he knows the market
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00416-00095795-00096137 here uh showed my client's house that's
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00417-00096138-00096412 being built in Buckeye and he was
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00418-00096413-00096743 standing in Sundance talking about all
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00419-00096744-00097006 of the vacant homes and showed rows and
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00420-00097007-00097265 rows and rows and rows of them I was in
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00421-00097266-00097493 and out of that community so much and
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00422-00097494-00097732 they are selling houses like crazy yeah
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00423-00097733-00097967 they have great incentives yes there's a
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00424-00097968-00098182 lot of homes under construction but
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00425-00098183-00098488 they're doing very well out there and so
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00426-00098489-00098668 he talked he was standing right in front
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00427-00098669-00098849 of my client's house I was like oh my
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00428-00098850-00099076 Lord she's gonna see this I'm so I
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00429-00099077-00099335 called her ahead of time I'm like um I
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00430-00099336-00099503 almost said her name I'm like I just
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00431-00099504-00099694 wanted to make you aware in case you see
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00432-00099695-00099976 that she laughed because she's very
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00433-00099977-00100223 analytical she took her time we looked
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00434-00100224-00100459 at at least 30 different new homes
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00435-00100460-00100744 numerous different communities she did
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00436-00100745-00100967 all her research I gave her the
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00437-00100968-00101159 information we don't ever push someone
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00438-00101160-00101393 we try to tell people we want to be your
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00439-00101394-00101561 knowledge broker and your agent for life
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00440-00101562-00101747 and provide you the information so you
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00441-00101748-00101974 can make the best decision for you but
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00442-00101975-00102293 there's so much clickbait out there
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00443-00102294-00102556 I'm I'm having to combat it quite a bit
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00444-00102557-00102718 but all I can do is give people the
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00445-00102719-00102971 correct information and say here you
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00446-00102972-00103180 make the decision for you
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00447-00103181-00103378 yeah now Ruby you're a new build
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00448-00103379-00103571 communities quite a bit too I mean are
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00449-00103572-00103721 you and I know we asked this question
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00450-00103722-00104068 last week are you seeing deep discounts
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00451-00104069-00104363 and fire sales and Desperation yet no
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00452-00104364-00104663 actually they um they've been changing
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00453-00104664-00104777 their
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00454-00104778-00105107 um their incentives monthly so it's not
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00455-00105108-00105340 a weekly thing it's not a you know
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00456-00105341-00105623 drastic drop or a drastic increase so
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00457-00105624-00105839 just it's just just a monthly change
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00458-00105840-00106127 slowly you know just coming along so
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00459-00106128-00106313 interest rates are still reasonable
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00460-00106314-00106475 they're still buying them in their
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00461-00106476-00106678 blocks I believe
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00462-00106679-00106933 um so yeah we're just cruising along
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00463-00106933-00107165 aren't aren't some of the builders you
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00464-00107166-00107351 said talking about price increases
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00465-00107352-00107458 coming
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00466-00107459-00107801 Lennar sent me a price increase yeah so
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00467-00107802-00107993 I did get an update from them today I
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00468-00107994-00108166 didn't get a chance to open it
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00469-00108167-00108436 now Pat you were saying earlier in this
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00470-00108438-00108671 um before we got on here but
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00471-00108672-00108833 um this
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00472-00108833-00108983 pricing
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00473-00108983-00109277 um that is going on from Fannie Mae and
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00474-00109278-00109486 Freddie Mac is just really causing havoc
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00475-00109488-00109697 in your industry can you explain that a
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00476-00109698-00109834 little bit
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00477-00109835-00109997 yeah I mean it
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00478-00109998-00110225 I wouldn't say it I mean a couple weeks
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00479-00110226-00110302 ago
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00480-00110303-00110507 yeah I mean it's uh every lender is
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00481-00110508-00110615 going to be implementing at different
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00482-00110616-00110813 times some lenders are implementing it
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00483-00110814-00111077 right now it's for for loans delivered
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00484-00111078-00111263 May 1st
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00485-00111264-00111365 um
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00486-00111366-00111586 I believe that's the date but basically
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00487-00111588-00111713 they're
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00488-00111714-00111983 they're just uh they're taking from the
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00489-00111983-00112277 higher credit buckets
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00490-00112278-00112565 um before if you had great credit for
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00491-00112566-00112721 putting some money down so at least five
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00492-00112722-00112973 or ten you know five or ten percent down
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00493-00112974-00113213 there's usually a they have these what
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00494-00113214-00113363 they call loan level pricing adjustments
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00495-00113364-00113639 for credit score loan to value and
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00496-00113640-00113902 there's a whole chart now where
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00497-00113903-00114090 it's gonna probably
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00498-00114091-00114401 they're changing the the a certain part
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00499-00114402-00114689 of the Matrix like if you're like scores
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00500-00114690-00115216 like 720 to 700 700 720 to 7 30. it
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00501-00115217-00115469 could be you know a quarter I I don't
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00502-00115470-00115619 the exact there's all different types I
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00503-00115620-00115793 mean there's little break points for
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00504-00115794-00116063 every I mean it's the whole chart shows
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00505-00116064-00116458 you it's minus 25 minus 50. but uh half
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00506-00116459-00116675 a point you know on a half a million
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00507-00116676-00116849 dollar home 400 000 you know you're
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00508-00116850-00116963 talking two or three thousand dollar
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00509-00116964-00117119 difference
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00510-00117120-00117184 um
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00511-00117185-00117352 it's anything you know they're also
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00512-00117353-00117521 start starting to charge for if your
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00513-00117522-00117701 debt to income ratio is over 40 percent
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00514-00117702-00117833 that's gonna be another quarter point
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00515-00117833-00117983 hit
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00516-00117983-00118207 um so you know
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00517-00118208-00118534 if uh your debt income is over 40 you
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00518-00118535-00118697 know on a 400 000 it's going to be
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00519-00118698-00118901 another thousand dollar add-on you know
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00520-00118902-00119063 it could be another couple thousand
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00521-00119064-00119243 dollar add-on to cost it's not going to
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00522-00119244-00119393 be
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00523-00119394-00119640 it's I don't know
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00524-00119641-00119860 let me ask it this way and they're
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00525-00119861-00120004 basically giving the money to the port
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00526-00120005-00120263 to the lower credit scores so they're
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00527-00120264-00120508 taking from the higher credit scores you
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00528-00120509-00120749 know and so they're not rewarding them
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00529-00120750-00121031 they're rewarding more of the middle
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00530-00121032-00121397 scores like 660 680 you know it's weird
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00531-00121398-00121516 what they're doing they're like Robin
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00532-00121517-00121690 from Peter to pay Paul
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00533-00121691-00122152 and um it's not you know it's
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00534-00122153-00122339 it's just another
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00535-00122340-00122578 it's more of annoying I mean if I was
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00536-00122579-00122752 buying a home in my class went up
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00537-00122753-00122890 another two or three four thousand
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00538-00122891-00123052 dollars you know that's more than
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00539-00123053-00123197 annoying it's money out of your pocket
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00540-00123198-00123407 and it's just it's just a money grab
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00541-00123408-00123563 that the feds are doing and when you're
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00542-00123564-00123773 as a mortgage broker you just get
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00543-00123774-00123983 just pissed because it's like you know
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00544-00123983-00124145 what else can you do to kind of hurt
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00545-00124146-00124397 people you're disincentivizing these
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00546-00124398-00124684 people it's like ah you know like people
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00547-00124685-00124943 are not squeezing up as it is with
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00548-00124944-00125158 inflation and rates going up now they're
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00549-00125159-00125471 with rates going up that adds you know
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00550-00125472-00125627 that might bump your weight from say six
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00551-00125628-00125801 and a half to say six and five eighths
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00552-00125802-00125951 or six and three quarters
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00553-00125952-00126131 you know it's there's always little
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00554-00126132-00126323 nuances it's not going to be something
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00555-00126324-00126575 that knocks the market to for a total
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00556-00126576-00126851 Loop but just it's like a it's a gut
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00557-00126852-00127060 punch and it's like why why are you
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00558-00127061-00127360 doing this you know it's just um they're
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00559-00127361-00127589 they're just never there to help you
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00560-00127590-00127936 you know yeah yeah right very cynical
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00561-00127938-00128140 when it comes to these programs that
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00562-00128141-00128273 they come out with because they never
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00563-00128274-00128477 they always have unintended consequences
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00564-00128478-00128663 and they always seem to punish the
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00565-00128664-00128897 people that were doing the right things
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00566-00128898-00129136 and give incentives to people that
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00567-00129138-00129407 perhaps weren't and uh and credit score
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00568-00129408-00129652 is a classic example now I get it people
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00569-00129653-00129947 can have a bad credit score and for
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00570-00129948-00130121 circumstances are completely out of
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00571-00130122-00130373 their control so you know and so I'm all
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00572-00130374-00130595 for you know trying to see if we can
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00573-00130596-00130943 assist in that at some point but but why
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00574-00130944-00131135 are you dinging the people that that you
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00575-00131136-00131278 know that didn't get hit that have the
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00576-00131279-00131801 high sevens and the eights
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00577-00131802-00132011 thing it is the gov Fannie Mae and
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00578-00132012-00132131 Freddie America are in a conservative
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00579-00132132-00132328 ship anyway so the money is going into
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00580-00132329-00132563 the treasury all it is is they take
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00581-00132564-00132821 these If any man and Freddie Mac are not
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00582-00132822-00132995 hurting for money they're basically
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00583-00132996-00133169 they've repaid back their money you know
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00584-00133170-00133289 they want under conservative ship and
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00585-00133290-00133439 they had to repay back you know a
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00586-00133440-00133613 certain amount they've repaid that back
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00587-00133614-00133727 like
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00588-00133728-00133954 um twice and they're they got billions
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00589-00133955-00134249 sitting there and they're just uh um
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00590-00134250-00134423 it's just a money grab it's just
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00591-00134424-00134663 frustrating that they're not doing it's
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00592-00134664-00134813 just enough to really tick you off
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00593-00134814-00135011 because like you said instead of you
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00594-00135012-00135137 look at it you're like okay it's another
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00595-00135138-00135335 half a point you know half a million
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00596-00135336-00135437 dollar home that starts with five
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00597-00135438-00135557 hundred three thousand dollars that you
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00598-00135558-00135749 got to add in and when it comes down to
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00599-00135750-00136001 it at the end if I have to you know get
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00600-00136002-00136301 the CD out and the debt to income ratio
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00601-00136302-00136673 move from say 39 to 41 all of a sudden
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00602-00136674-00136840 we get a pricing hit now I've got to
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00603-00136841-00137147 reissue you know maybe a new CD because
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00604-00137148-00137381 my pricing you know changed so this
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00605-00137382-00137711 could have Ripple effects for closing
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00606-00137712-00137849 um you know somebody wants to close on
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00607-00137850-00138149 Friday but like oh we know this is DTI
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00608-00138150-00138389 went over 40 so we got to reprice it
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00609-00138390-00138689 it's just crap like that that just does
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00610-00138690-00138839 not make the anything good for the
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00611-00138840-00138983 industry at all
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00612-00138984-00139169 well I have a client that was supposed
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00613-00139170-00139613 to close January 27th and the prior week
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00614-00139614-00139825 they you know with she was through
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00615-00139826-00140002 underwriting and everything and
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00616-00140003-00140219 evidently when they they do something in
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00617-00140220-00140440 this system to make sure she's still
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00618-00140441-00140614 qualified I'm not sure what the process
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00619-00140615-00140819 is on the back side after it goes
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00620-00140820-00141064 through underwriting but
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00621-00141065-00141407 um so say Thursday before the weekend
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00622-00141408-00141599 for the following week she's supposed to
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00623-00141600-00141761 sign her docs and close
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00624-00141762-00141985 um with the builder
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00625-00141986-00142343 they the algorithm changed in the in the
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00626-00142344-00142619 qualifying system so we still have it
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00627-00142620-00142889 closed she then didn't qualify when they
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00628-00142890-00143104 pulled it the following Monday or
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00629-00143105-00143254 Tuesday
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00630-00143255-00143507 so she we we had to get
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00631-00143508-00143825 um gift money from somebody we had to
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00632-00143826-00144035 get a co-signer she had to go back
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00633-00144036-00144209 through underwriting they've changed her
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00634-00144210-00144377 type of loan
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00635-00144378-00144593 um and everything so we we went from
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00636-00144594-00144814 conventional to FHA now it's it's
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00637-00144815-00144989 Everything's changed we still haven't
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00638-00144990-00145193 closed I thought maybe Wednesday or
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00639-00145194-00145402 Friday this week but it's still in
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00640-00145403-00145511 underwriting and it's been an
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00641-00145512-00145816 underwriting for over a week Ruby I have
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00642-00145817-00145966 a question
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00643-00145967-00146243 so nothing changed on her side it was
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00644-00146244-00146519 just the system when it ran back through
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00645-00146520-00146657 she didn't do anything to change
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00646-00146658-00146914 anything no nothing changed on hers but
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00647-00146915-00147101 the way it was explained to me from the
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00648-00147102-00147209 lender
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00649-00147210-00147443 um the Builder's lender was that you
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00650-00147444-00147611 know the government you know Fannie Mae
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00651-00147612-00147809 Freddie may they make adjustments in
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00652-00147810-00148090 their system for whatever reasons and I
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00653-00148091-00148199 don't know how to explain that but maybe
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00654-00148200-00148409 Pat can but it's frustrating you're
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00655-00148410-00148571 Flying Blind well basically they come
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00656-00148572-00148793 out if any fit Fannie Mae and Freddie
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00657-00148794-00148966 Mac they do revisions every I don't know
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00658-00148967-00149333 what they do there they do uh du 3.2 du
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00659-00149334-00149602 3.3 and they I get these announcements
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00660-00149603-00149777 all the time saying we're releasing a
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00661-00149778-00150239 new Fannie Mae 3.0 or the um or 4.3 on
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00662-00150240-00150490 on and I've had these you know last
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00663-00150491-00150749 minute where it's like uh if you ran
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00664-00150750-00150935 something January 1st but then if you
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00665-00150936-00151127 rerun it they always they do typically
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00666-00151128-00151289 rerun it at the end to make sure that
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00667-00151290-00151504 the proved eligible is still standing
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00668-00151505-00151721 because that's the problem Fannie Mae
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00669-00151722-00151823 and Freddie Mac changed the rules
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00670-00151824-00152128 algorithms during the month and what
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00671-00152129-00152321 we're noticing is that the dtis you know
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00672-00152322-00152447 they can they can change these
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00673-00152448-00152602 algorithms based on the market you know
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00674-00152603-00152728 if they want to type if they see the
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00675-00152729-00152878 market getting out of hand they'll start
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00676-00152879-00153125 they'll tighten algorithms where you've
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00677-00153126-00153376 got an approval at say 45 debt to income
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00678-00153377-00153581 ratio but all of a sudden they change
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00679-00153582-00153893 the algorithms that month and 45 is too
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00680-00153894-00153976 tight
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00681-00153977-00154235 now you got it approved ineligible
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00682-00154236-00154397 yeah that's exactly what happened she's
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00683-00154398-00154690 right there last minute yeah she's ready
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00684-00154691-00154919 yeah yeah so I mean anyway that's why
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00685-00154920-00155069 when you got somebody when you have
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00686-00155070-00155201 somebody on the edge you have to be
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00687-00155202-00155387 careful like when your debt to income
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00688-00155388-00155566 ratio I've had those where you know
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00689-00155567-00155711 you're like keeping your fingers crossed
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00690-00155712-00155921 hoping that nothing changes but it's
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00691-00155922-00156173 really nothing changes
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00692-00156174-00156340 yeah if any man Freddie Mac changed
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00693-00156341-00156539 their algorithms based on what they want
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00694-00156540-00156761 to see for loan loans coming in and
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00695-00156762-00157019 they'll tighten up the screws mid-month
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00696-00157020-00157199 and all of a sudden you're like I've had
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00697-00157200-00157343 this you know Facebook I've had you know
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00698-00157344-00157601 loan officer like I ran this loan it was
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00699-00157602-00157763 perfect all of a sudden I ran it last
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00700-00157764-00157990 minute it's proved ineligible which
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00701-00157991-00158309 means they don't like it now and that's
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00702-00158310-00158735 what could happen yeah it's happened
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00703-00158736-00158939 yeah and the lender asked to stay with
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00704-00158940-00159221 the same underwriting underwriter um as
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00705-00159222-00159449 well but then for whatever reason they
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00706-00159450-00159569 flipped it because it was a different
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00707-00159570-00159749 type of loan to a different underwriter
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00708-00159750-00159976 and so we have you know it was starting
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00709-00159977-00160313 all over it's it's frustrating and those
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00710-00160314-00160499 poor sellers they're trying to back up
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00711-00160500-00160666 the moving truck and get out of there
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00712-00160667-00161004 and well it's a new build
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00713-00161005-00161290 that helps but in Marshall I mean you
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00714-00161291-00161440 know I like scheduling closings on
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00715-00161441-00161633 Thursdays in case there's a hiccup we
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00716-00161634-00161825 don't you know don't have to wait till
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00717-00161826-00162052 Monday to resolve it but things like
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00718-00162053-00162190 this where you
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00719-00162191-00162419 you've done everything you've submitted
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00720-00162420-00162623 they told you you're approved and then
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00721-00162624-00162802 you're just getting ready to start
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00722-00162803-00163102 packing and then oh hey not we took a
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00723-00163103-00163409 second run at the numbers and yeah you
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00724-00163410-00163613 can't get the loan that would that would
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00725-00163614-00163913 uh yeah good thing that you don't buy a
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00726-00163914-00164104 house every year
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00727-00164105-00164221 yeah
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00728-00164222-00164609 for sure it's too stressful yeah I know
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00729-00164610-00164801 I wouldn't be able to deal with that so
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00730-00164802-00164969 it's bad enough just trying to walk
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00731-00164970-00165166 through some of these transactions well
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00732-00165167-00165395 let's keep a track uh keep a close eye
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00733-00165396-00165652 on these on these rates I don't expect
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00734-00165653-00165976 uh I'm not the right expert Pat is um
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00735-00165977-00166313 but I don't expect much
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00736-00166314-00166625 up or down in the following seven days
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00737-00166626-00166847 do you
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00738-00166848-00167021 not really I mean we've got some numbers
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00739-00167022-00167254 coming out we've got inflation uh
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00740-00167255-00167447 inflation the numbers are coming out
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00741-00167448-00167573 here
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00742-00167574-00167687 um
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00743-00167688-00167914 not the cpis came out obviously uh
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00744-00167915-00168161 yesterday but that was really that was
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00745-00168162-00168323 common you know
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00746-00168324-00168551 okay common non-event we're getting past
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00747-00168552-00168713 that but now like I said now we're kind
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00748-00168714-00168964 of going into this the fed the markets
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00749-00168965-00169078 are just starting to realize the fed's
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00750-00169079-00169276 Gonna Keep the gas on for a while so
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00751-00169277-00169445 until we get some type of reprieve from
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00752-00169446-00169666 there we're just yeah we're probably
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00753-00169667-00169828 gonna see more of an increase in a
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00754-00169829-00170033 little bit bump in rates nothing crazy
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00755-00170034-00170183 but
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00756-00170184-00170404 um you know it's not the trend is not
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00757-00170405-00170549 our friend right now in the last week
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00758-00170550-00170801 let me put it that way yeah
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00759-00170802-00171083 no kidding I logged on this morning holy
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00760-00171084-00171245 cow right
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00761-00171246-00171497 right yeah but we will plow through it
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00762-00171498-00171719 and see what happens in the meantime
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00763-00171720-00171928 everybody have a great week we will see
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00764-00171929-00172181 you here next week Pat we will see you
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00765-00172182-00172464 at Friday see you tomorrow yep
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00766-00172465-00172949 okay quick report all right buddy
+vt9mhFfwCfy-00767-00172950-00173596 [Music]
+vufEjsxycaA-00000-00000000-00000305 hey guys welcome back today's video
+vufEjsxycaA-00001-00000306-00000617 we're doing something really special but
+vufEjsxycaA-00002-00000618-00000908 I'm really excited for so this morning
+vufEjsxycaA-00003-00000909-00001064 you know it's minded my business having
+vufEjsxycaA-00004-00001065-00001448 breakfast making coffee and I heard a
+vufEjsxycaA-00005-00001449-00001852 delivery and I was like oh snap what
+vufEjsxycaA-00006-00001853-00002483 could that be and my beloved anastacio
+vufEjsxycaA-00007-00002484-00002857 cloak it Nicole Guerrero's collaboration
+vufEjsxycaA-00008-00002858-00003220 came to my front door and I'm just like
+vufEjsxycaA-00009-00003221-00003551 I was so excited I immediately had to
+vufEjsxycaA-00010-00003552-00003761 show my snack fan so if you don't follow
+vufEjsxycaA-00011-00003761-00004028 me on snapchat when I get new products
+vufEjsxycaA-00012-00004029-00004213 and stuff like that I always like to
+vufEjsxycaA-00013-00004214-00004517 show you guys first and then um yeah I
+vufEjsxycaA-00014-00004518-00004727 was like shoot I guess I'm filming today
+vufEjsxycaA-00015-00004728-00005084 so you guys are going to get to see some
+vufEjsxycaA-00016-00005085-00005377 swatches I'm going to do some
+vufEjsxycaA-00017-00005378-00005681 application on to you know my cheeks for
+vufEjsxycaA-00018-00005682-00005806 you guys so you can see what it looks
+vufEjsxycaA-00019-00005807-00005951 like and I'm going to give you guys my
+vufEjsxycaA-00020-00005952-00006284 general thoughts now this palette here
+vufEjsxycaA-00021-00006285-00006595 does launch on Sephora and be honest
+vufEjsxycaA-00022-00006597-00006871 Asti of Beverly Hills website on March
+vufEjsxycaA-00023-00006872-00007184 3rd so if you're planning on copying of
+vufEjsxycaA-00024-00007184-00007489 this then you got to go ahead you got to
+vufEjsxycaA-00025-00007490-00007727 hurry up you got a you know set your
+vufEjsxycaA-00026-00007728-00007978 alarm whatever you got to do tell your
+vufEjsxycaA-00027-00007979-00008201 best friend to get this because I have a
+vufEjsxycaA-00028-00008202-00008333 feeling that it's really going to sell
+vufEjsxycaA-00029-00008334-00008609 out very quickly and if you guys don't
+vufEjsxycaA-00030-00008610-00008803 know who Nicole Guerrero is she's a
+vufEjsxycaA-00031-00008804-00009002 youtuber she's been on YouTube since I
+vufEjsxycaA-00032-00009003-00009344 think 2006-2007 something like that so
+vufEjsxycaA-00033-00009345-00009631 she's been around for a while and I'm
+vufEjsxycaA-00034-00009632-00009848 always really impressed by honest
+vufEjsxycaA-00035-00009849-00010103 osseous products I feel like she never
+vufEjsxycaA-00036-00010104-00010435 really lets you down so I have really
+vufEjsxycaA-00037-00010436-00010717 high hopes for this you get six shades
+vufEjsxycaA-00038-00010718-00011051 for 40 bucks and they're really really
+vufEjsxycaA-00039-00011052-00011270 pigmented from what I've seen on Nicole
+vufEjsxycaA-00040-00011271-00011528 snapchat and they're supposed to be
+vufEjsxycaA-00041-00011529-00011780 fairly like a low fall out you know it
+vufEjsxycaA-00042-00011781-00011963 takes a lot of time to develop a formula
+vufEjsxycaA-00043-00011964-00012119 like that so I think it's definitely
+vufEjsxycaA-00044-00012120-00012406 worth the price I am just a loving that
+vufEjsxycaA-00045-00012407-00012649 you've got three different types of pink
+vufEjsxycaA-00046-00012650-00012844 you've got a quarrel you've got more of
+vufEjsxycaA-00047-00012845-00013163 like a dusty lavender pink and then just
+vufEjsxycaA-00048-00013163-00013299 a straight-up pink
+vufEjsxycaA-00049-00013300-00013512 and two golden colors and then a white I
+vufEjsxycaA-00050-00013513-00013710 plan on using this white as like an
+vufEjsxycaA-00051-00013711-00013869 inner corner highlight I think it's
+vufEjsxycaA-00052-00013869-00014184 gonna be super super popping but I'm
+vufEjsxycaA-00053-00014185-00014535 going to start with glow getter and
+vufEjsxycaA-00054-00014536-00014730 we're gonna see what this looks like
+vufEjsxycaA-00055-00014731-00014985 okay so I pinned the wig back and I'm
+vufEjsxycaA-00056-00014986-00015219 going to dip into this middle one here
+vufEjsxycaA-00057-00015219-00015519 you guys can see it here oh wow
+vufEjsxycaA-00058-00015519-00015747 it actually has virtually no fallout
+vufEjsxycaA-00059-00015747-00016022 when you dip your brush into it and I'm
+vufEjsxycaA-00060-00016024-00016182 gonna be very light handed because I'm a
+vufEjsxycaA-00061-00016183-00017039 little scared of the pigmentation
+vufEjsxycaA-00062-00017040-00017421 beautiful damn
+vufEjsxycaA-00063-00017422-00017754 Nicole was not plan I might I might go a
+vufEjsxycaA-00064-00017755-00017943 little too hard here but that's okay so
+vufEjsxycaA-00065-00017944-00018147 that's what it looks like right there
+vufEjsxycaA-00066-00018148-00018351 I'm actually gonna buff it out just a
+vufEjsxycaA-00067-00018352-00018572 tiny bit with my stippling brush and if
+vufEjsxycaA-00068-00018573-00018678 there's somebody that doesn't like a
+vufEjsxycaA-00069-00018679-00018882 super bright glow you can always just
+vufEjsxycaA-00070-00018883-00019026 use a stippling brush and it's gonna
+vufEjsxycaA-00071-00019027-00019326 come out a lot more diffused so glow
+vufEjsxycaA-00072-00019327-00019650 getter is super poppin like look at that
+vufEjsxycaA-00073-00019651-00019922 look at that and in person it looks just
+vufEjsxycaA-00074-00019923-00020190 as gorgeous it does not highlight the
+vufEjsxycaA-00075-00020191-00020603 pores from what I can tell it's just I
+vufEjsxycaA-00076-00020604-00021050 got no complaints so I'm gonna go in
+vufEjsxycaA-00077-00021051-00021375 with a different color on the other side
+vufEjsxycaA-00078-00021376-00021528 just cuz I want to show you guys the
+vufEjsxycaA-00079-00021529-00021794 difference I'm choosing to go with the
+vufEjsxycaA-00080-00021795-00021999 golden ones because I do have some
+vufEjsxycaA-00081-00022000-00022152 errands to run and I don't want to look
+vufEjsxycaA-00082-00022153-00022380 crazy with one golden and one pink on
+vufEjsxycaA-00083-00022381-00022622 the other side and this color is kind of
+vufEjsxycaA-00084-00022623-00022896 cool the name of the shade one for three
+vufEjsxycaA-00085-00022897-00023097 you guys remember back to like the
+vufEjsxycaA-00086-00023098-00023361 beeper days and like paging one for
+vufEjsxycaA-00087-00023362-00023519 three is like a way to say you know I
+vufEjsxycaA-00088-00023520-00023799 love you like you know what the actual
+vufEjsxycaA-00089-00023800-00024072 like numbers and stuff and what they
+vufEjsxycaA-00090-00024073-00024297 spell out so anyway I thought that was
+vufEjsxycaA-00091-00024298-00024447 really cute it's something that Nicole's
+vufEjsxycaA-00092-00024448-00024678 has a lot on her channel so it's
+vufEjsxycaA-00093-00024679-00024909 meaningful you know alright let's get to
+vufEjsxycaA-00094-00024910-00025242 this other side oh my goodness this is
+vufEjsxycaA-00095-00025243-00025403 so pretty
+vufEjsxycaA-00096-00025404-00025671 dad I'm gonna take my stippling brush
+vufEjsxycaA-00097-00025672-00026008 and buff this out so here's what it
+vufEjsxycaA-00098-00026010-00026296 looks like and I mean you guys these
+vufEjsxycaA-00099-00026297-00026675 highlighters are super super poppin I
+vufEjsxycaA-00100-00026676-00026937 love it I love it I love it I love it
+vufEjsxycaA-00101-00026938-00027395 here is glow getter and then here is a
+vufEjsxycaA-00102-00027395-00027565 one for three
+vufEjsxycaA-00103-00027566-00027764 I do want to highlight you know the
+vufEjsxycaA-00104-00027764-00027950 bridge of my nose and I'm gonna be a
+vufEjsxycaA-00105-00027951-00028148 little bit more adventurous with this
+vufEjsxycaA-00106-00028149-00028301 one okay so I'm taking a regular
+vufEjsxycaA-00107-00028302-00028521 blending brush and I'm gonna go in with
+vufEjsxycaA-00108-00028522-00028898 day-dream that's the coral color and put
+vufEjsxycaA-00109-00028899-00029339 this down whew so much pigmentation you
+vufEjsxycaA-00110-00029339-00029512 really I feel like this this thing is
+vufEjsxycaA-00111-00029513-00029927 gonna last forever it is because I mean
+vufEjsxycaA-00112-00029927-00030283 literally one little dab is just enough
+vufEjsxycaA-00113-00030285-00031018 oh this is so pretty I don't know why I
+vufEjsxycaA-00114-00031019-00031187 was scared of this coral color it's
+vufEjsxycaA-00115-00031188-00031451 actually really beautiful and my
+vufEjsxycaA-00116-00031452-00031740 favorite part is that the blend
+vufEjsxycaA-00117-00031741-00032057 effortlessly they are just so gorgeous
+vufEjsxycaA-00118-00032058-00032270 like you can't even tell that I'm
+vufEjsxycaA-00119-00032270-00032549 wearing quarrel on my nose it just makes
+vufEjsxycaA-00120-00032550-00032951 my skin look luminous so I'm very very
+vufEjsxycaA-00121-00032952-00033208 surprised I think that they did a really
+vufEjsxycaA-00122-00033209-00033404 great job I don't look overly
+vufEjsxycaA-00123-00033405-00033620 highlighted I just look like I have like
+vufEjsxycaA-00124-00033621-00033998 just this you know natural pop and glow
+vufEjsxycaA-00125-00033999-00034190 chorus and know that you guys want to
+vufEjsxycaA-00126-00034191-00034502 see swatches let's get to that okay so
+vufEjsxycaA-00127-00034503-00034739 I'm going to use in this arm to swatch
+vufEjsxycaA-00128-00034740-00034840 for you guys
+vufEjsxycaA-00129-00034841-00035075 the first color I'm gonna go into is
+vufEjsxycaA-00130-00035076-00035639 kitty cat it's more of a pink and I mean
+vufEjsxycaA-00131-00035640-00035948 there you go you guys it's absolutely
+vufEjsxycaA-00132-00035949-00036386 beautiful minimal fallout next up we've
+vufEjsxycaA-00133-00036387-00036896 got Forever Young next up is daydream
+vufEjsxycaA-00134-00036897-00037217 this is the coral color that I put on my
+vufEjsxycaA-00135-00037218-00037475 nose that blends out beautifully so
+vufEjsxycaA-00136-00037476-00037943 don't be scared to use this one I mean
+vufEjsxycaA-00137-00037944-00038351 look at that look I barely even have to
+vufEjsxycaA-00138-00038352-00038570 go over it more than once really the
+vufEjsxycaA-00139-00038571-00038740 only reason I'm doing that is because I
+vufEjsxycaA-00140-00038741-00038977 the swatches to look even next up I'm
+vufEjsxycaA-00141-00038978-00039235 going with forever lit this is the
+vufEjsxycaA-00142-00039236-00039658 really white color and I mean man you
+vufEjsxycaA-00143-00039659-00039865 know what looking at this this is so
+vufEjsxycaA-00144-00039866-00040099 pretty it almost looks a little bit more
+vufEjsxycaA-00145-00040100-00040306 of like a hologram you kind of color in
+vufEjsxycaA-00146-00040307-00040609 person okay so moving on to the last two
+vufEjsxycaA-00147-00040610-00041134 this is glow getter beautiful like
+vufEjsxycaA-00148-00041135-00041569 champagne color one swipe you guys one
+vufEjsxycaA-00149-00041570-00041842 swipe and then last but not least is one
+vufEjsxycaA-00150-00041843-00041959 for three
+vufEjsxycaA-00151-00041960-00042658 I mean look at it it's just they're all
+vufEjsxycaA-00152-00042659-00043051 so beautiful so unique the definitely
+vufEjsxycaA-00153-00043052-00043318 work for darker skin if you're somebody
+vufEjsxycaA-00154-00043319-00043672 who's not sure um I advise you to get on
+vufEjsxycaA-00155-00043673-00043906 the train okay so now that you guys have
+vufEjsxycaA-00156-00043907-00044068 seen the swatches I want to know what
+vufEjsxycaA-00157-00044069-00044239 your thoughts are is this something
+vufEjsxycaA-00158-00044240-00044446 you'd be interested are you loving it so
+vufEjsxycaA-00159-00044447-00044734 far are you like yeah I want to know
+vufEjsxycaA-00160-00044735-00045028 down below in the comments as for me I'm
+vufEjsxycaA-00161-00045029-00045268 loving it I think it's just going to
+vufEjsxycaA-00162-00045269-00045502 look beautiful on so many different skin
+vufEjsxycaA-00163-00045503-00045754 tones which I really love because I feel
+vufEjsxycaA-00164-00045755-00045949 like for darker skin tones like you know
+vufEjsxycaA-00165-00045950-00046162 myself you know we're included on the
+vufEjsxycaA-00166-00046163-00046519 love and I love that so yeah this is
+vufEjsxycaA-00167-00046520-00046720 definitely going to be a product that
+vufEjsxycaA-00168-00046721-00047139 I'm going to use like every day I'm
+vufEjsxycaA-00169-00047140-00047488 officially officially obsessed so I hope
+vufEjsxycaA-00170-00047489-00047782 you guys enjoyed this review be sure to
+vufEjsxycaA-00171-00047783-00048088 tune in for the next video if you aren't
+vufEjsxycaA-00172-00048089-00048289 getting notifications yet for my channel
+vufEjsxycaA-00173-00048290-00048514 please go ahead and click that Bell down
+vufEjsxycaA-00174-00048515-00048769 below so you don't miss an upload and I
+vufEjsxycaA-00175-00048770-00049189 will see you guys in the next video bye
+vx_XYorOF64-00000-00000024-00000271 okay so you've got your tools now for
+vx_XYorOF64-00001-00000272-00000455 this demo i'm going to be using a
+vx_XYorOF64-00002-00000456-00000703 windows machine so i can use the gunapp
+vx_XYorOF64-00003-00000704-00000943 exe to test on the same machine that i'm
+vx_XYorOF64-00004-00000944-00001150 developing my weapon on if you're on a
+vx_XYorOF64-00005-00001151-00001343 mac with a device attached it's a little
+vx_XYorOF64-00006-00001344-00001487 more difficult because you have the
+vx_XYorOF64-00007-00001488-00001702 extra step of copying the content onto
+vx_XYorOF64-00008-00001703-00001926 the device each time you want to test
+vx_XYorOF64-00009-00001927-00002110 but otherwise everything else is the
+vx_XYorOF64-00010-00002111-00002334 same i started my setup by downloading
+vx_XYorOF64-00011-00002335-00002518 the windows version of gun app which is
+vx_XYorOF64-00012-00002519-00002655 this file here
+vx_XYorOF64-00013-00002656-00002823 and i've extracted all the existing mod
+vx_XYorOF64-00014-00002824-00003191 weapons into the assets directory
+vx_XYorOF64-00015-00003192-00003375 as you can see if i open up the gun list
+vx_XYorOF64-00016-00003376-00003551 here
+vx_XYorOF64-00017-00003552-00003799 every time i press one of these numbers
+vx_XYorOF64-00018-00003800-00004031 it will open the corresponding weapon so
+vx_XYorOF64-00019-00004032-00004254 let's get started the very first step is
+vx_XYorOF64-00020-00004255-00004454 probably the most important thing when
+vx_XYorOF64-00021-00004455-00004631 working on a weapon and that is to
+vx_XYorOF64-00022-00004632-00004911 choose an appropriate existing weapon as
+vx_XYorOF64-00023-00004912-00005022 a base
+vx_XYorOF64-00024-00005023-00005247 obviously i could make a handgun or
+vx_XYorOF64-00025-00005248-00005447 sword out of the existing mod weapons
+vx_XYorOF64-00026-00005448-00005591 but i want to do something a little more
+vx_XYorOF64-00027-00005592-00005767 different to show how flexible the
+vx_XYorOF64-00028-00005768-00005967 system is i decided i want to make a
+vx_XYorOF64-00029-00005968-00006199 toaster weapon today this toaster will
+vx_XYorOF64-00030-00006200-00006503 shoot badly burnt toast at anyone i want
+vx_XYorOF64-00031-00006504-00006687 so in this case what weapon should i
+vx_XYorOF64-00032-00006688-00006895 choose as a base well the lightsabers
+vx_XYorOF64-00033-00006895-00007087 are a bad choice because they don't move
+vx_XYorOF64-00034-00007088-00007278 anything like my toaster should move
+vx_XYorOF64-00035-00007279-00007551 let's take a look at bazinga
+vx_XYorOF64-00036-00007552-00007806 bazinga is a poor base for this because
+vx_XYorOF64-00037-00007808-00008055 in bazinga only the frames change as you
+vx_XYorOF64-00038-00008056-00008295 can see there's no movement in the image
+vx_XYorOF64-00039-00008296-00008527 only frames changing
+vx_XYorOF64-00040-00008528-00008695 the phaser could work
+vx_XYorOF64-00041-00008696-00008895 i do want the toaster to move somewhat
+vx_XYorOF64-00042-00008896-00009135 like a handgun
+vx_XYorOF64-00043-00009136-00009335 but actually i think the scribble gun
+vx_XYorOF64-00044-00009336-00009535 here is the best choice in this case
+vx_XYorOF64-00045-00009536-00009727 because the scribble gun has a spawning
+vx_XYorOF64-00046-00009728-00009935 particle coming out of the end
+vx_XYorOF64-00047-00009936-00010127 and i want toast to spawn out of the end
+vx_XYorOF64-00048-00010128-00010263 of this toaster towards the side of the
+vx_XYorOF64-00049-00010264-00010471 screen just like this okay so now that
+vx_XYorOF64-00050-00010472-00010710 i've decided on a base i can take the
+vx_XYorOF64-00051-00010711-00010910 scribble gun xml
+vx_XYorOF64-00052-00010911-00011223 it's called draw gun and copy it into a
+vx_XYorOF64-00053-00011224-00011383 new folder that i will call the same as
+vx_XYorOF64-00054-00011384-00011599 my new asset let's call it
+vx_XYorOF64-00055-00011600-00011759 toaster
+vx_XYorOF64-00056-00011760-00011903 and while i'm doing this i should also
+vx_XYorOF64-00057-00011904-00012223 take the json file and the small image
+vx_XYorOF64-00058-00012224-00012830 file while i'm at this
+vx_XYorOF64-00059-00012831-00013046 these two files are related to how the
+vx_XYorOF64-00060-00013047-00013391 weapon displays on the menu
+vx_XYorOF64-00061-00013391-00013871 let's rename all these files
+vx_XYorOF64-00062-00013872-00014038 now remember that this is still just a
+vx_XYorOF64-00063-00014040-00014351 copy of drawgun.xml
+vx_XYorOF64-00064-00014352-00014566 now at this point you should set up your
+vx_XYorOF64-00065-00014568-00014743 sounds and images to whatever you need
+vx_XYorOF64-00066-00014744-00014983 so i'm gonna do that now
+vx_XYorOF64-00067-00014984-00015286 okay so i made my assets and i put them
+vx_XYorOF64-00068-00015287-00015583 all next to toasterxml notice that i
+vx_XYorOF64-00069-00015584-00015799 named them all uniquely to my asset in
+vx_XYorOF64-00070-00015800-00016038 my case toaster doing this is important
+vx_XYorOF64-00071-00016040-00016238 so that my assets don't collide with
+vx_XYorOF64-00072-00016240-00016471 assets from any other mod weapons or
+vx_XYorOF64-00073-00016472-00016694 assets that are already inside gun app
+vx_XYorOF64-00074-00016695-00016863 so here i have several images of my
+vx_XYorOF64-00075-00016864-00017111 toaster let's take a look
+vx_XYorOF64-00076-00017112-00017527 these here are for reloading
+vx_XYorOF64-00077-00017528-00017839 these are for the shot
+vx_XYorOF64-00078-00017840-00018103 i have one image for the particle
+vx_XYorOF64-00079-00018104-00018255 and i want this toaster to be able to
+vx_XYorOF64-00080-00018256-00018479 run out of ammo so i made this ammo that
+vx_XYorOF64-00081-00018480-00018647 will look like an untoasted loaf of
+vx_XYorOF64-00082-00018648-00018879 sliced bread when i lined this all up
+vx_XYorOF64-00083-00018880-00019111 it'll look like a like a loaf notice
+vx_XYorOF64-00084-00019112-00019367 that the images for gun app have to be
+vx_XYorOF64-00085-00019368-00019743 600 by 400 and that images for particles
+vx_XYorOF64-00086-00019744-00020007 have to be at any power of 2 and that
+vx_XYorOF64-00087-00020008-00020094 means
+vx_XYorOF64-00088-00020095-00020511 16 by 16 32 by 32 64 by 64
+vx_XYorOF64-00089-00020512-00020758 or 128 by 128 etcetera etcetera in this
+vx_XYorOF64-00090-00020759-00021135 case i chose 128. these are requirements
+vx_XYorOF64-00091-00021136-00021335 related to the internal workings of gun
+vx_XYorOF64-00092-00021336-00021591 app and your ios device by the way there
+vx_XYorOF64-00093-00021592-00021822 are limits to how many total images you
+vx_XYorOF64-00094-00021823-00022086 can use in a weapon i think it's like 13
+vx_XYorOF64-00095-00022087-00022358 or 14 total but weapons with many images
+vx_XYorOF64-00096-00022359-00022583 take longer to load so it's best to stay
+vx_XYorOF64-00097-00022584-00022750 away from the limit
+vx_XYorOF64-00098-00022751-00022958 now for sounds i have this reload ding
+vx_XYorOF64-00099-00022959-00023342 toaster sound
+vx_XYorOF64-00100-00023343-00023583 and this other sound that i have for
+vx_XYorOF64-00101-00023584-00023799 firing
+vx_XYorOF64-00102-00023800-00023999 now for the reload sound i made sure
+vx_XYorOF64-00103-00024000-00024199 that it times up with the scribble gun
+vx_XYorOF64-00104-00024200-00024327 reload sound
+vx_XYorOF64-00105-00024328-00024503 so that the animation will still match
+vx_XYorOF64-00106-00024504-00024719 when i swap one out for the other let's
+vx_XYorOF64-00107-00024720-00025007 hook it all up by modifying the xml
+vx_XYorOF64-00108-00025008-00025278 first the images
+vx_XYorOF64-00109-00025279-00025455 we just have to swap out the old ones
+vx_XYorOF64-00110-00025456-00026951 with my new ones
+vx_XYorOF64-00111-00026952-00027223 and emitters go inside the emitter
+vx_XYorOF64-00112-00027224-00027439 section in this case it's just called
+vx_XYorOF64-00113-00027439-00027599 toast
+vx_XYorOF64-00114-00027600-00027767 you want to keep the blend the same on
+vx_XYorOF64-00115-00027768-00027927 this one because we're going to use
+vx_XYorOF64-00116-00027927-00028190 alpha transparency just like the
+vx_XYorOF64-00117-00028191-00028399 scribble gun bullet which is just an
+vx_XYorOF64-00118-00028400-00028646 image with some transparency
+vx_XYorOF64-00119-00028647-00028807 now with the sounds
+vx_XYorOF64-00120-00028808-00028990 you can see them in the sound section
+vx_XYorOF64-00121-00028991-00029118 same idea
+vx_XYorOF64-00122-00029119-00029655 swap out the old ones with the new ones
+vx_XYorOF64-00123-00029656-00030070 now it's time to set up the animations
+vx_XYorOF64-00124-00030072-00030174 you can see
+vx_XYorOF64-00125-00030175-00030343 on the animation sections you have
+vx_XYorOF64-00126-00030344-00030695 different animations here's shot one
+vx_XYorOF64-00127-00030695-00030927 and here's another animation it's called
+vx_XYorOF64-00128-00030927-00031055 reload
+vx_XYorOF64-00129-00031056-00031262 and that should be all we have
+vx_XYorOF64-00130-00031263-00031383 and it is
+vx_XYorOF64-00131-00031383-00031543 now another reason that i chose the
+vx_XYorOF64-00132-00031544-00031751 scribble gun to start with is that it
+vx_XYorOF64-00133-00031752-00031879 has the same number and types of
+vx_XYorOF64-00134-00031880-00032087 animations that i want for my toaster
+vx_XYorOF64-00135-00032088-00032414 weapon a shot and a reload so hopefully
+vx_XYorOF64-00136-00032416-00032607 i won't have to do much in the next step
+vx_XYorOF64-00137-00032608-00032807 of setting up the animations let's take
+vx_XYorOF64-00138-00032808-00032935 a look at the way the weapon is right
+vx_XYorOF64-00139-00032936-00033151 now in gun app i'm going to copy these
+vx_XYorOF64-00140-00033152-00033799 into the assets folder
+vx_XYorOF64-00141-00033800-00033983 gonna assign my weapon of numbers so i
+vx_XYorOF64-00142-00033984-00034255 can call it by just pressing a button
+vx_XYorOF64-00143-00034256-00034390 here we go
+vx_XYorOF64-00144-00034391-00034655 the movement is okay but the frames
+vx_XYorOF64-00145-00034656-00034862 don't really match the bullets are weird
+vx_XYorOF64-00146-00034863-00035055 and the particle is weird so let's
+vx_XYorOF64-00147-00035056-00035351 tackle all these things one at a time
+vx_XYorOF64-00148-00035352-00035551 the first thing is that it has an eject
+vx_XYorOF64-00149-00035552-00035687 and
+vx_XYorOF64-00150-00035688-00035855 we don't need cartridge ejecting for
+vx_XYorOF64-00151-00035856-00035999 this weapon so i'm going to remove it
+vx_XYorOF64-00152-00036000-00036079 now
+vx_XYorOF64-00153-00036080-00036295 and the way i do that is by going into
+vx_XYorOF64-00154-00036296-00036551 the eject cartridge section and setting
+vx_XYorOF64-00155-00036552-00036767 the image to negative one and the scale
+vx_XYorOF64-00156-00036768-00036967 to negative one if you take this off
+vx_XYorOF64-00157-00036968-00037135 completely gun app will crash so you
+vx_XYorOF64-00158-00037136-00037279 have to tell it specifically that
+vx_XYorOF64-00159-00037280-00037502 there's no eject next we have to take it
+vx_XYorOF64-00160-00037503-00037671 out from the frame that used to call the
+vx_XYorOF64-00161-00037672-00038039 eject and this can just be deleted
+vx_XYorOF64-00162-00038040-00038630 let's save it and try it again
+vx_XYorOF64-00163-00038631-00038807 that's better let's go on to the next
+vx_XYorOF64-00164-00038808-00038902 thing
+vx_XYorOF64-00165-00038903-00039118 the next big thing is to to get these
+vx_XYorOF64-00166-00039119-00039359 images swapping properly so the way that
+vx_XYorOF64-00167-00039360-00039711 i do that is by going into the frames
+vx_XYorOF64-00168-00039712-00039846 and each of these frames you see that
+vx_XYorOF64-00169-00039847-00040023 there's an image being called here in
+vx_XYorOF64-00170-00040024-00040262 this case image zero in this case image
+vx_XYorOF64-00171-00040263-00040527 two one
+vx_XYorOF64-00172-00040528-00040783 and these correspond to the images up
+vx_XYorOF64-00173-00040784-00040887 here
+vx_XYorOF64-00174-00040888-00041143 you can see these have an id
+vx_XYorOF64-00175-00041144-00041407 that id is exactly this
+vx_XYorOF64-00176-00041408-00041583 this is telling gun app on this frame
+vx_XYorOF64-00177-00041584-00041830 use the image with id0
+vx_XYorOF64-00178-00041831-00042102 and on this frame use the image with id3
+vx_XYorOF64-00179-00042103-00042446 now each frame is 1 30th of a second so
+vx_XYorOF64-00180-00042447-00042679 30 frames equals 1 second to give you an
+vx_XYorOF64-00181-00042680-00042895 idea of how much time
+vx_XYorOF64-00182-00042896-00043030 is given to each one of these and that
+vx_XYorOF64-00183-00043031-00043430 comes out to 33.3 milliseconds for each
+vx_XYorOF64-00184-00043431-00043574 so i'm going to take my time to swap
+vx_XYorOF64-00185-00043575-00043815 these out okay so as i started working
+vx_XYorOF64-00186-00043816-00044102 on my frames i ran into my first problem
+vx_XYorOF64-00187-00044103-00044743 look at my reload animation
+vx_XYorOF64-00188-00044744-00045007 looks pretty messed up okay so one of my
+vx_XYorOF64-00189-00045008-00045230 frames seems to get stuck in the middle
+vx_XYorOF64-00190-00045231-00045511 when i reload what the heck is going on
+vx_XYorOF64-00191-00045512-00045711 well if this happens to you and one of
+vx_XYorOF64-00192-00045712-00045935 your frames is stuck like this the first
+vx_XYorOF64-00193-00045936-00046215 thing to check is if you have ammo which
+vx_XYorOF64-00194-00046216-00046358 i do
+vx_XYorOF64-00195-00046359-00046590 let's take a look at the xml
+vx_XYorOF64-00196-00046591-00046871 let's find the ammo place
+vx_XYorOF64-00197-00046872-00047127 and here it is and sure enough my ammo
+vx_XYorOF64-00198-00047128-00047318 is using the wrong image it's using
+vx_XYorOF64-00199-00047319-00047551 image six which is just one of the
+vx_XYorOF64-00200-00047552-00047695 frames
+vx_XYorOF64-00201-00047696-00047967 this is what image six looks like
+vx_XYorOF64-00202-00047968-00048127 and it's also the same image that's
+vx_XYorOF64-00203-00048128-00048367 being stuck big on the screen ammo
+vx_XYorOF64-00204-00048368-00048655 always displays at its actual resolution
+vx_XYorOF64-00205-00048656-00048862 so an image set to the size of a full
+vx_XYorOF64-00206-00048863-00049111 frame that's set to ammo will of course
+vx_XYorOF64-00207-00049112-00049302 look wrong and take up the whole screen
+vx_XYorOF64-00208-00049303-00049486 this is just because it was left over
+vx_XYorOF64-00209-00049487-00049662 from the scribble gun and now
+vx_XYorOF64-00210-00049663-00049879 corresponds to the wrong image so let's
+vx_XYorOF64-00211-00049880-00049983 fix it
+vx_XYorOF64-00212-00049984-00050486 it should be image 8 toast ammo
+vx_XYorOF64-00213-00050487-00051223 let's save it and test
+vx_XYorOF64-00214-00051224-00051390 much better
+vx_XYorOF64-00215-00051391-00051630 now i seem to have a different problem
+vx_XYorOF64-00216-00051632-00051830 the background seems kind of weird on
+vx_XYorOF64-00217-00051832-00052175 the reload
+vx_XYorOF64-00218-00052176-00052302 it's black
+vx_XYorOF64-00219-00052303-00052519 well every animation has the ability to
+vx_XYorOF64-00220-00052520-00052750 have a background image if you want it
+vx_XYorOF64-00221-00052751-00052926 to let's take a look at the reload
+vx_XYorOF64-00222-00052927-00053199 animation
+vx_XYorOF64-00223-00053200-00053350 it has a background set from the
+vx_XYorOF64-00224-00053351-00053575 scribble gun sure enough it's using an
+vx_XYorOF64-00225-00053576-00053782 image that was not designed to be used
+vx_XYorOF64-00226-00053783-00053982 as a background it's using one of the
+vx_XYorOF64-00227-00053983-00054079 frames
+vx_XYorOF64-00228-00054079-00054230 if you want to use a background it has
+vx_XYorOF64-00229-00054232-00054323 to be
+vx_XYorOF64-00230-00054324-00054591 480x320 and as i said before all these
+vx_XYorOF64-00231-00054591-00054863 images are hundred by four hundred
+vx_XYorOF64-00232-00054864-00054999 so let's remove the background by
+vx_XYorOF64-00233-00055000-00055375 putting negative one in the slot
+vx_XYorOF64-00234-00055376-00056119 and let's test it again
+vx_XYorOF64-00235-00056120-00056247 nice
+vx_XYorOF64-00236-00056248-00056438 oh and one thing about these frame
+vx_XYorOF64-00237-00056439-00056638 numbers here they're really just for
+vx_XYorOF64-00238-00056639-00056894 your convenience gun app doesn't care if
+vx_XYorOF64-00239-00056895-00057199 they are in order or if they even exist
+vx_XYorOF64-00240-00057200-00057438 just make sure the xml syntax is
+vx_XYorOF64-00241-00057439-00057694 preserved if you change them or copy
+vx_XYorOF64-00242-00057695-00057919 them around between animations okay
+vx_XYorOF64-00243-00057920-00058071 let's see if i can wrap up the frame
+vx_XYorOF64-00244-00058072-00058238 swapping now
+vx_XYorOF64-00245-00058239-00058382 alright so i think i got it to where i'm
+vx_XYorOF64-00246-00058383-00059303 satisfied with the animations
+vx_XYorOF64-00247-00059304-00059487 and again i got to this point only by
+vx_XYorOF64-00248-00059488-00059671 changing the image parameter on the
+vx_XYorOF64-00249-00059672-00059894 frame also i did do some slight tweaking
+vx_XYorOF64-00250-00059895-00060126 to the images including moving them up a
+vx_XYorOF64-00251-00060127-00060303 little bit to frame them better now
+vx_XYorOF64-00252-00060304-00060519 let's fix this particle
+vx_XYorOF64-00253-00060520-00060735 it's pretty wrong looking so to fix it
+vx_XYorOF64-00254-00060736-00060871 first i have to look for the frame
+vx_XYorOF64-00255-00060872-00061103 that's causing the particle to spawn
+vx_XYorOF64-00256-00061104-00061326 and it's right here frame two it's
+vx_XYorOF64-00257-00061327-00061559 indicated by the spawn xml node that is
+vx_XYorOF64-00258-00061560-00061806 a child of frame two so to fix this i'm
+vx_XYorOF64-00259-00061807-00061966 gonna have to mess with all these values
+vx_XYorOF64-00260-00061967-00062094 right here
+vx_XYorOF64-00261-00062095-00062254 now it would be a little cumbersome for
+vx_XYorOF64-00262-00062255-00062415 me to explain what they all do in the
+vx_XYorOF64-00263-00062416-00062519 video
+vx_XYorOF64-00264-00062520-00062647 so we made sure that they're all
+vx_XYorOF64-00265-00062648-00062919 documented in the wiki
+vx_XYorOF64-00266-00062920-00063294 if you go to this page in step four
+vx_XYorOF64-00267-00063295-00063511 look for the section called
+vx_XYorOF64-00268-00063512-00063742 spawn particle attributes which is this
+vx_XYorOF64-00269-00063744-00063982 the same thing as
+vx_XYorOF64-00270-00063983-00064103 this
+vx_XYorOF64-00271-00064104-00064326 and here the function of every variable
+vx_XYorOF64-00272-00064327-00064503 is explained
+vx_XYorOF64-00273-00064504-00064735 okay so i'm gonna adjust this now
+vx_XYorOF64-00274-00064736-00065071 okay so by adjusting these numbers here
+vx_XYorOF64-00275-00065072-00065503 i got this sweet toast jumping out
+vx_XYorOF64-00276-00065504-00065903 burnt ass toast of fury
+vx_XYorOF64-00277-00065904-00066191 oh and another thing i had to do was
+vx_XYorOF64-00278-00066192-00066367 change the frame that was causing the
+vx_XYorOF64-00279-00066368-00066663 spawn it used to be frame two i moved it
+vx_XYorOF64-00280-00066664-00066911 to here to frame five to time it better
+vx_XYorOF64-00281-00066912-00067167 with the sound the timing wasn't right
+vx_XYorOF64-00282-00067168-00067294 one thing to know too is that you can
+vx_XYorOF64-00283-00067295-00067503 have as many different spawn children of
+vx_XYorOF64-00284-00067504-00067711 frames as you want in other words you
+vx_XYorOF64-00285-00067712-00067855 can have a bunch of these different
+vx_XYorOF64-00286-00067856-00068063 images spawning on the same frame
+vx_XYorOF64-00287-00068064-00068255 alright so let's talk about the ammo now
+vx_XYorOF64-00288-00068256-00068479 if your weapon doesn't require reloading
+vx_XYorOF64-00289-00068480-00068694 you don't need ammo either like maybe
+vx_XYorOF64-00290-00068695-00068855 you're working on a knife or something
+vx_XYorOF64-00291-00068856-00069103 that can fire continuously forever and
+vx_XYorOF64-00292-00069104-00069263 if you want to do that you can go up
+vx_XYorOF64-00293-00069264-00069406 here to the ammo section and you can
+vx_XYorOF64-00294-00069407-00069663 actually just delete all the bullets out
+vx_XYorOF64-00295-00069664-00069879 of here and change the image to negative
+vx_XYorOF64-00296-00069880-00070079 one and remove the count and then you
+vx_XYorOF64-00297-00070080-00070271 can get rid of the reload animation like
+vx_XYorOF64-00298-00070272-00070535 this just you can just delete the reload
+vx_XYorOF64-00299-00070536-00070687 animation
+vx_XYorOF64-00300-00070688-00070950 just be gone now in this case i do have
+vx_XYorOF64-00301-00070951-00071135 ammo and i do want to reload so i'm
+vx_XYorOF64-00302-00071136-00071247 going to leave it
+vx_XYorOF64-00303-00071248-00071431 now what if i want to change the amount
+vx_XYorOF64-00304-00071432-00071655 of ammo that we have for example maybe i
+vx_XYorOF64-00305-00071656-00071831 want this to be 20 bullets because
+vx_XYorOF64-00306-00071832-00072071 real-life bread loafs have 20 breads
+vx_XYorOF64-00307-00072072-00072335 right now it's just 16. i can copy four
+vx_XYorOF64-00308-00072336-00072487 of these
+vx_XYorOF64-00309-00072488-00072662 and just paste them here then i change
+vx_XYorOF64-00310-00072663-00072975 the numbers
+vx_XYorOF64-00311-00072976-00073143 and most importantly i have to make sure
+vx_XYorOF64-00312-00073144-00073375 that i update the count too it has to be
+vx_XYorOF64-00313-00073376-00073606 20 now and remember it counts from zero
+vx_XYorOF64-00314-00073607-00073694 so
+vx_XYorOF64-00315-00073695-00073950 even though it ends at 19 it's 20 total
+vx_XYorOF64-00316-00073951-00074215 if i do this wrong gun app will crash
+vx_XYorOF64-00317-00074216-00074438 now the next problem is that the ammo is
+vx_XYorOF64-00318-00074439-00074703 not in the spot that i want
+vx_XYorOF64-00319-00074704-00074999 these x and y positions are relative to
+vx_XYorOF64-00320-00075000-00075223 the top left of the screen and if i can
+vx_XYorOF64-00321-00075224-00075462 get the first slice of bread to line up
+vx_XYorOF64-00322-00075463-00075599 setting up the rest of the loaf should
+vx_XYorOF64-00323-00075600-00075791 be easy since i know the resolution of
+vx_XYorOF64-00324-00075792-00075967 the image since i made it myself or of
+vx_XYorOF64-00325-00075968-00076143 course i can look in my image viewer and
+vx_XYorOF64-00326-00076144-00076279 it'll tell me the resolution in this
+vx_XYorOF64-00327-00076280-00076599 case it's 16 by 64. and these also have
+vx_XYorOF64-00328-00076600-00076791 to be power of two by the way but not
+vx_XYorOF64-00329-00076792-00077015 necessarily square like the particles so
+vx_XYorOF64-00330-00077016-00077159 i'm gonna adjust these and make it look
+vx_XYorOF64-00331-00077160-00077382 more like a loaf of bread now okay so i
+vx_XYorOF64-00332-00077383-00077535 set up the bread
+vx_XYorOF64-00333-00077536-00077726 i also changed my mind about how many to
+vx_XYorOF64-00334-00077727-00078062 have when i had 20. it was realistic but
+vx_XYorOF64-00335-00078063-00078231 it didn't look good so i went back down
+vx_XYorOF64-00336-00078232-00078462 to 15. also you can control which one of
+vx_XYorOF64-00337-00078463-00078662 these draw on top of the others by
+vx_XYorOF64-00338-00078663-00078879 changing the order for example the last
+vx_XYorOF64-00339-00078880-00079862 ones draw on top of the first ones
+vx_XYorOF64-00340-00079863-00080087 alright this is looking
+vx_XYorOF64-00341-00080088-00080271 kind of nice um by the way i don't have
+vx_XYorOF64-00342-00080272-00080503 to restart gun app every time i want to
+vx_XYorOF64-00343-00080504-00080694 see a change if i want to test my change
+vx_XYorOF64-00344-00080695-00080894 right away all i have to do is press the
+vx_XYorOF64-00345-00080895-00081071 number that i assigned to the weapon so
+vx_XYorOF64-00346-00081072-00081271 you just reset right away okay now let's
+vx_XYorOF64-00347-00081272-00081487 prepare the json file and the toaster
+vx_XYorOF64-00348-00081488-00081743 small.png so that the toaster will
+vx_XYorOF64-00349-00081744-00081991 appear properly in the game menu this is
+vx_XYorOF64-00350-00081992-00082206 what the json file looks like and right
+vx_XYorOF64-00351-00082207-00082447 now the toaster small
+vx_XYorOF64-00352-00082448-00082623 looks just like the scribble gun so i'm
+vx_XYorOF64-00353-00082624-00082759 going to fix this and we'll come back to
+vx_XYorOF64-00354-00082760-00082903 the json
+vx_XYorOF64-00355-00082904-00083167 okay the small png was easy enough i
+vx_XYorOF64-00356-00083168-00083311 just put a picture of the toaster in
+vx_XYorOF64-00357-00083312-00083679 there and kept it at 110 by 77 pixel now
+vx_XYorOF64-00358-00083680-00083959 the json file has a couple of settings
+vx_XYorOF64-00359-00083960-00084143 the first is the weapon name
+vx_XYorOF64-00360-00084144-00084367 let's put a proper name in there toaster
+vx_XYorOF64-00361-00084368-00084679 let's put in a proper link to wikipedia
+vx_XYorOF64-00362-00084680-00084831 this is what the browser will go to when
+vx_XYorOF64-00363-00084832-00085055 you click the information button and the
+vx_XYorOF64-00364-00085056-00085247 category now i think the category for
+vx_XYorOF64-00365-00085248-00085455 this weapon should be the fun category
+vx_XYorOF64-00366-00085456-00085662 to make it appear in the fun category i
+vx_XYorOF64-00367-00085663-00085847 have to go to the wiki and look up the
+vx_XYorOF64-00368-00085848-00086038 index because i can't remember it so
+vx_XYorOF64-00369-00086039-00086326 it's here in step five uh fun category
+vx_XYorOF64-00370-00086327-00086638 is 305 so i'll put that here
+vx_XYorOF64-00371-00086639-00086791 and now let's test this thing out on the
+vx_XYorOF64-00372-00086792-00087103 device
+vx_XYorOF64-00373-00087104-00087262 all right so let's try it out it should
+vx_XYorOF64-00374-00087263-00087518 be in the fun category
+vx_XYorOF64-00375-00087519-00087823 and first let's try out
+vx_XYorOF64-00376-00087824-00088111 the information
+vx_XYorOF64-00377-00088112-00088623 sure enough wikipedia toaster
+vx_XYorOF64-00378-00088624-00088791 and
+vx_XYorOF64-00379-00088792-00089575 let's try the weapon
+vx_XYorOF64-00380-00089576-00089735 perfect
+vx_XYorOF64-00381-00089736-00089935 now we could call this weapon done here
+vx_XYorOF64-00382-00089936-00090175 so i'm gonna conclude the video but if
+vx_XYorOF64-00383-00090176-00090343 you want your weapon to be as polished
+vx_XYorOF64-00384-00090344-00090535 as the rest of gun app watch my next
+vx_XYorOF64-00385-00090536-00090718 video to see how i add some finishing
+vx_XYorOF64-00386-00090719-00091019 touches
+vyw7Y8HtwFI-00000-00000020-00002537 [Applause]
+vyw7Y8HtwFI-00001-00002538-00002734 overwhelmed and I don't want to scare
+vyw7Y8HtwFI-00002-00002735-00003172 the kids I'm ok but I just want to thank
+vyw7Y8HtwFI-00003-00003173-00003521 all of you who I just barely met and now
+vyw7Y8HtwFI-00004-00003522-00003950 you're all my friends you mean so much
+vyw7Y8HtwFI-00005-00003951-00004127 to me and this would have been nothing
+vyw7Y8HtwFI-00006-00004128-00004643 without you thank you so so much and
+vyw7Y8HtwFI-00007-00004644-00004799 I'll have more to say when I can gather
+vyw7Y8HtwFI-00008-00004800-00005377 myself but I'm a little overwhelmed
+vyw7Y8HtwFI-00009-00005378-00005837 [Applause]
+vyw7Y8HtwFI-00010-00005838-00006035 [Music]
+vyw7Y8HtwFI-00011-00006036-00006886 [Applause]
+vyw7Y8HtwFI-00012-00006887-00007389 [Applause]
+vyw7Y8HtwFI-00013-00007390-00007484 [Music]
+vyw7Y8HtwFI-00014-00007484-00009202 [Applause]
+vyw7Y8HtwFI-00015-00009203-00009864 [Music]
+vyw7Y8HtwFI-00016-00009865-00010194 [Music]
+vyw7Y8HtwFI-00017-00010195-00010968 [Applause]
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00000-00000006-00000353 about February the 10th these two girls
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00001-00000354-00000977 fighting
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00002-00000977-00001577 and they just moved down there
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00003-00001578-00001847 this girl number Triple Two
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00004-00001848-00002051 only person out there her sister I can't
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00005-00002052-00002273 say anything bad about
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00006-00002274-00002495 he's the one who jumps across my railing
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00007-00002496-00002675 but when I call the other the third
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00008-00002676-00002795 party
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00009-00002796-00003058 or the second party through our complex
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00010-00003059-00003419 he hasn't been doing it anymore
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00011-00003420-00003606 physically
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00012-00003607-00003893 and they've done this before and who's
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00013-00003894-00004277 watching the camera
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00014-00004278-00004463 this is her mom
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00015-00004464-00004643 she posts they called her mom at her
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00016-00004644-00004913 I'll be but she didn't lie the mom was
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00017-00004914-00005147 evil just let them do whatever they want
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00018-00005148-00005285 to do
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00019-00005286-00005525 they smoke dope out back got that on
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00020-00005526-00006514 video
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00021-00006515-00007373 makes no sense
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00022-00007373-00007570 and I didn't call the police
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00023-00007572-00007805 because I'm not even now if it was
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00024-00007806-00007973 something serious here I don't call the
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00025-00007973-00008059 police
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00026-00008059-00008351 but I think her mother calls the police
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00027-00008352-00008549 because she comes out well she gonna
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00028-00008550-00008717 come back over on the phone now watch
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00029-00008718-00008896 what she does just like a damn fool she
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00030-00008897-00009305 uh
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00031-00009306-00009455 but she don't go back up to that girl
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00032-00009456-00009989 though she keeps the same distance
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00033-00009990-00010277 this a mother the girl and the wife's
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00034-00010278-00010571 mother
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00035-00010572-00011428 it's just so foolishness
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00036-00011429-00011699 but please come and see so I think our
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00037-00011700-00011860 mother calls the police because like
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00038-00011861-00012017 she's talking on the phone I couldn't
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00039-00012018-00012173 see it let somebody across the street
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00040-00012174-00012395 called the police which is fine who want
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00041-00012396-00013355 to see all that man
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00042-00013356-00013643 just the other day see I'm in the um she
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00043-00013644-00013841 got into it with a woman a lady across
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00044-00013841-00013943 the street she talking about the lady
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00045-00013944-00014255 called her out her name okay she went
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00046-00014256-00014386 along for that
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00047-00014387-00014591 even if she called her the N word okay
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00048-00014591-00014788 here so because they lie so much you can
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00049-00014790-00014969 take them as they were just take them as
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00050-00014969-00015197 liars and that's the same day this man
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00051-00015197-00015472 who comes out the building though
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00052-00015473-00015616 um he dropped twenty dollars I don't
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00053-00015618-00015755 know how much it was but I just saw it
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00054-00015756-00016019 fall out of his pocket and um I have my
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00055-00016019-00016216 window open so I just said sir I knew he
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00056-00016218-00016372 said oh no he come here all the time
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00057-00016373-00016499 tonight
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00058-00016500-00016708 um since I said that he hasn't been bad
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00059-00016709-00016967 I said so you drop your money you're so
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00060-00016968-00017177 stupid the boy he threw a firework at my
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00061-00017178-00017633 door and um was hitting the PVC pipe he
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00062-00017634-00017885 gonna pick the money up all happy just
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00063-00017886-00018077 Steve you see the money fly out that
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00064-00018078-00018244 Man's Pocket giving this money but they
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00065-00018245-00018455 ain't like that so the man said thanks
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00066-00018456-00018599 or something and he went back and
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00067-00018600-00018736 they're going to hand it to him and then
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00068-00018737-00018947 she gonna start calling me old lady but
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00069-00018948-00019067 it's funny because the lord always said
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00070-00019068-00019319 she'd never call you ugly
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00071-00019320-00019522 to hear from the mom
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00072-00019523-00019691 she go all the way down the street too
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00073-00019692-00019829 I'm not gonna show you that I had to
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00074-00019830-00019991 switch to the other camera they don't
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00075-00019992-00020122 fight again
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00076-00020123-00020363 nothing right now is
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00077-00020364-00020530 but I will fast forward to the police
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00078-00020531-00020921 coming deep
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00079-00020922-00021719 and I'm gonna pause it now
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00080-00021720-00023105 you'll see the police coming in deep
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00081-00023106-00023821 foreign
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00082-00023822-00024094 you know you don't I don't want to be
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00083-00024095-00024257 well I could have taped but they were
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00084-00024258-00024472 saying but they weren't saying anything
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00085-00024473-00025547 well I mean that played it but
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00086-00025548-00025775 and this is normal to them I'm talking
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00087-00025776-00026099 about the people the nuts that live here
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00088-00026100-00026933 foreign
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00089-00026933-00027090 and then you would have seen her
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00090-00027091-00027340 disrespecting her mom yesterday she's a
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00091-00027341-00027635 little kid
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00092-00027636-00027796 the mom tried to tell her to get back
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00093-00027797-00028120 home she's pushing the mom
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00094-00028122-00029099 but the mom was not respectful either
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00095-00029100-00029285 it makes no sense
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00096-00029286-00029458 but the police didn't really come deep
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00097-00029460-00029699 they didn't know who was fighting
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00098-00029700-00032543 for the foot to it
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00099-00032544-00032705 I don't think management isn't going to
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00100-00032706-00032896 do anything because management
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00101-00032897-00033461 we don't have good management anymore
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00102-00033462-00033743 now when I told her about the boy what
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00103-00033744-00033881 he was doing is she didn't want to go
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00104-00033882-00034199 write up a letter or go talk to him
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00105-00034200-00035309 but you harassing me
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00106-00035310-00035465 that's so sister I can't say anything
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00107-00035466-00036443 bad about her sister
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00108-00036444-00036646 one officer statement it could have been
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00109-00036647-00036815 two but I know one officer was still
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00110-00036816-00037037 here after they cleared out you know
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00111-00037038-00037181 just to make sure they didn't try to
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00112-00037182-00037612 boil up again
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00113-00037613-00037895 and they was just here earlier this week
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00114-00037896-00038201 for her dumbass somebody to get across
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00115-00038202-00038296 the street
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00116-00038297-00038549 they have no self-respect their moms
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00117-00038550-00038777 don't teach them holidays coming here
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00118-00038778-00038957 apparently they don't have a dad to go
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00119-00038958-00039202 with and grandma don't want them and I
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00120-00039203-00039383 don't blame them
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00121-00039384-00039940 who want a disrespectful Channel
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00122-00039941-00040189 be out all types and all types of night
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00123-00040190-00040468 all times of night excuse me but I give
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00124-00040469-00040595 it to you last night I didn't see
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00125-00040596-00040840 anybody out two one o'clock twelve
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00126-00040841-00041045 o'clock going down the street like they
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00127-00041046-00041543 know where they're going damn Nation
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00128-00041544-00041711 and I think that's pretty much it
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00129-00041712-00041915 they're going to come back outside and
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00130-00041916-00042352 our mother gonna come back down
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00131-00042353-00042659 for the record that somebody else
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00132-00042660-00042929 on the left doing that mess well a lot
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00133-00042930-00043157 of them do that including those for the
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00134-00043158-00043289 siding
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00135-00043290-00043421 well
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00136-00043422-00044615 relatives
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00137-00044616-00044873 that's pretty much it besides the true
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00138-00044874-00044962 leader because they're gonna come back
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00139-00044963-00045418 and walk up and down the street again
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00140-00045419-00045677 but yeah I was saying the girl who
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00141-00045678-00045887 didn't step back into the other girl's
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00142-00045888-00046162 um territory if you will
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00143-00046163-00046396 um she gonna call me old like I said she
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00144-00046397-00046655 Laura said she never called you ugly
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00145-00046656-00046840 um that's when um because after I had
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00146-00046841-00047008 told a man he dropped his money even
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00147-00047009-00047152 though I know the man was here selling
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00148-00047153-00047495 dope that was a man's money you know and
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00149-00047496-00047680 you see the boy um I should have went
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00150-00047681-00047915 back and videotaped the I mean posted
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00151-00047916-00048089 that but you know
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00152-00048090-00048299 just enough
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00153-00048300-00048502 and he was gonna go and instigate things
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00154-00048503-00048707 go on her side you know because they not
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00155-00048708-00048995 friends it's somebody to hang out with
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00156-00048996-00049223 and they said mom like a nut she
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00157-00049224-00049462 pregnant walking off
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00158-00049463-00049685 just foolish and she just had a baby
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00159-00049686-00049918 you'd never see her carrying a stroller
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00160-00049919-00050074 or anything that she gave the baby away
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00161-00050075-00050308 but you know I have to leave what I
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00162-00050309-00050446 thought right Lord now she pregnant
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00163-00050447-00050746 again what she gonna do with this lady
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00164-00050747-00050999 and I'm not saying she's responsible to
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00165-00051000-00051461 be raised in a respect for the child
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00166-00051462-00051737 you were in the community
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00167-00051738-00051880 you don't know why she's walking I don't
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00168-00051882-00052085 like you looking for someone
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00169-00052086-00052229 you might as well be looking for her
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00170-00052229-00052426 damn mind
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00171-00052427-00052654 she pregnant about to give birth she out
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00172-00052655-00052888 all the time tonight hanging out kicking
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00173-00052889-00053200 so they called
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00174-00053201-00053488 so the her mom the girl who has the
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00175-00053489-00053903 white shirt I could call
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00176-00053904-00054094 um one he has a white shirt on her mom
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00177-00054095-00054316 go down the street another nut down
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00178-00054317-00054521 there because this this girl was down
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00179-00054522-00054761 the other girl's mom was out they lived
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00180-00054762-00054947 down the other way
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00181-00054948-00055157 so another fool came out why are you
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00182-00055158-00055330 trying to get into something
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00183-00055332-00055529 you know I just get tired he's grown
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00184-00055529-00055673 supposed to be grown women want to fight
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00185-00055674-00055769 somebody
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00186-00055770-00055985 they look so stupid doing that once you
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00187-00055986-00056111 fight yourself and take care of your
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00188-00056112-00056369 children you have respectful you'll see
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00189-00056370-00056579 oh so let somebody say oh you raise the
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00190-00056579-00056825 respect for a boy or girl a young man
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00191-00056826-00056987 young lady they're not gonna hear those
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00192-00056988-00057100 words
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00193-00057101-00057287 they said just somebody just gonna lie
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00194-00057288-00057526 say that that's a damn lie
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00195-00057527-00057779 that's pretty much it
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00196-00057779-00057929 um I don't see anything happening with
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00197-00057929-00058073 management they're gonna still be here
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00198-00058074-00058337 but if you want to know more
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00199-00058338-00058511 um leave a comment
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00200-00058512-00058823 um subscribe because there's more coming
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00201-00058824-00059111 not just this but yes
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00202-00059112-00059573 what's what's in my visual
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00203-00059574-00059825 thanks for watching and remember it's
+vyV8WzCYV_k-00204-00059826-00060314 free to subscribe I heard that before
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00000-00000752-00000943 okay so the next question is from edward
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00001-00000944-00001199 moldovan in budapest hungary hope you
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00002-00001200-00001431 guys said your name right
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00003-00001432-00001582 i'm not sure how the ember team is into
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00004-00001583-00001743 mobile development but i would like to
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00005-00001744-00001959 see some focus there rendering speed is
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00006-00001960-00002247 one of the important parts and also size
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00007-00002248-00002415 something that might matter
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00008-00002416-00002655 so i think the first thing to say is
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00009-00002656-00002902 that several members of the amber core
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00010-00002903-00003222 team work at yap and the apps product is
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00011-00003223-00003486 a mobile app it runs in like phonegap or
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00012-00003488-00003806 something on both ios and android
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00013-00003807-00004054 and in fact chris and steph have been
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00014-00004055-00004335 who work at yap have been driving a lot
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00015-00004336-00004575 of the performance work in amber itself
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00016-00004576-00004759 so yeah i would say both chris and steph
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00017-00004760-00004911 have done
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00018-00004912-00005086 more on performance than like i have
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00019-00005087-00005159 done
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00020-00005160-00005431 in total yes absolutely absolutely
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00021-00005432-00005695 um and so that's just in terms of the
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00022-00005696-00005879 performance work i think
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00023-00005880-00006151 html bars which has been landing in
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00024-00006152-00006463 phases and each phase tends to bring
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00025-00006464-00006591 improvement pretty significant
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00026-00006592-00006759 improvement yeah i think we've got like
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00027-00006759-00006919 two or three x performance improvements
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00028-00006920-00007039 out of the whole
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00029-00007040-00007295 stack yeah so the so the initial ember
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00030-00007295-00007439 rendering layer was
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00031-00007440-00007551 built for
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00032-00007552-00007846 a world where ie7 and i8 were dominant
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00033-00007847-00008078 where even touching the dom basically
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00034-00008079-00008319 killed rendering performance
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00035-00008320-00008687 so html bars uses dom apis to actually
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00036-00008688-00008807 build everything which tends to be
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00037-00008808-00008983 faster on newer browsers but it's smart
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00038-00008984-00009159 about it's smart about touching only the
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00039-00009160-00009439 target parts of the dom so in ie7 and i8
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00040-00009440-00009655 rather than touching 10 targeted pieces
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00041-00009656-00009839 of dom you'd be better off re-rendering
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00042-00009840-00010071 a huge string of html but in newer
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00043-00010072-00010263 browsers if you have a big block of dom
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00044-00010264-00010423 you're better off touching 10 places
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00045-00010424-00010567 than
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00046-00010568-00010767 rebuilding that entire chunk of dom
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00047-00010768-00011023 right so what else do we have got coming
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00048-00011024-00011214 from mobile so i think uh one thing is
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00049-00011215-00011527 like tree shaking so edward uh
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00050-00011528-00011799 mentioned you know file size yeah so
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00051-00011800-00012046 amber two is a big opportunity for us to
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00052-00012047-00012263 pull stuff out of the framework and make
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00053-00012264-00012438 them available as add-ons that you can
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00054-00012439-00012623 install easily with ember cli
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00055-00012624-00012719 there's a lot that came with the
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00056-00012720-00012894 original version of ember that was just
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00057-00012895-00013030 trying to be a batteries included
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00058-00013031-00013294 framework because it was so annoying
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00059-00013295-00013430 management sucked
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00060-00013431-00013719 yeah so a lot of stuff that a lot of
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00061-00013719-00013966 utilities like string formatting
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00062-00013968-00014183 a lot of stuff like that we probably
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00063-00014184-00014351 wouldn't have included if we had a tool
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00064-00014352-00014511 like ember cli when we created it but we
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00065-00014512-00014615 just wanted to make it pretty
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00066-00014616-00014719 frictionless
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00067-00014719-00014838 as you're saying batteries included
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00068-00014840-00014966 download the framework boom there's
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00069-00014968-00015150 everything you need that constraint has
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00070-00015151-00015407 been lifted
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00071-00015408-00015622 and also because everything is using es6
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00072-00015623-00015903 modules now i think sometime in the near
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00073-00015904-00016143 future we'll be able to do a build for
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00074-00016144-00016294 you and say oh it looks like you didn't
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00075-00016295-00016471 require these modules let's strip those
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00076-00016472-00016647 out of the ember build for you yeah in
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00077-00016648-00016815 fact ember internally right now is all
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00078-00016816-00017094 es6 modules but it gets consumed
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00079-00017095-00017286 as a global but it's like one big module
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00080-00017287-00017511 right one big module but we are in the
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00081-00017512-00017647 process like actually this morning we
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00082-00017648-00017775 were working on this before we started
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00083-00017776-00017863 filming
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00084-00017864-00018103 of going through and figuring out okay
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00085-00018104-00018391 how do we make ember present itself as a
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00086-00018392-00018567 bunch of esx modules that you can import
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00087-00018568-00018727 and use and the idea then would be that
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00088-00018728-00018879 anything you didn't import and wasn't
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00089-00018880-00019086 imported by anything you imported right
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00090-00019087-00019230 we could just ignore entirely in the
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00091-00019231-00019399 build and that could have really big
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00092-00019400-00019647 impact on perform on file size yeah and
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00093-00019648-00019839 so i think the the last thing is once
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00094-00019840-00020150 html bars lands i think one thing that
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00095-00020151-00020255 we're going to start working on is
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00096-00020256-00020550 server-side rendering so at initially at
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00097-00020551-00020727 least um
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00098-00020728-00020911 purely for like google bot purposes but
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00099-00020912-00021119 the idea is to get
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00100-00021120-00021303 because ember is so conventional and
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00101-00021304-00021391 because we already have this
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00102-00021392-00021558 infrastructure in place
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00103-00021559-00021678 in node
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00104-00021679-00021791 it
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00105-00021792-00022007 should be possible to boot up your ember
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00106-00022008-00022175 app in a node instance and when you hit
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00107-00022176-00022471 a url instead of instead of listening
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00108-00022472-00022567 for the
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00109-00022568-00022735 listening to the address bar for changes
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00110-00022736-00022903 to the url we plug it into like an
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00111-00022904-00023055 express and this is actually i mean
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00112-00023056-00023199 suicide rendering is something we've
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00113-00023200-00023303 been thinking about from the
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00114-00023304-00023399 architecturally it's been
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00115-00023400-00023583 architecturally and it's just something
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00116-00023584-00023814 that we never prioritize the last mile
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00117-00023815-00023894 on
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00118-00023895-00024071 and i think right in theory we could do
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00119-00024072-00024239 it right now but uh
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00120-00024240-00024407 the rendering engine is undergoing such
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00121-00024408-00024639 big changes that we may as well wait for
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00122-00024640-00024719 that to
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00123-00024720-00024871 settle before doing
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00124-00024872-00025055 but the strategy is pretty simple it's
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00125-00025056-00025247 basically just render the same thing on
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00126-00025248-00025350 the server and the client it's
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00127-00025351-00025503 essentially what react does right right
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00128-00025504-00025606 do the same thing on the server and the
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00129-00025607-00025870 client and then uh wire up what you did
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00130-00025872-00025999 on the client to what you got from this
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00131-00026000-00026094 i think it's actually a little bit
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00132-00026095-00026255 easier than react though because the
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00133-00026256-00026462 apps are architectured are architected
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00134-00026463-00026646 much more conventionally like there's no
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00135-00026647-00026783 way of saying okay here's how you well
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00136-00026783-00026951 certainly organization certainly things
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00137-00026952-00027199 like uh this template is expecting this
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00138-00027200-00027399 piece of data something that you that
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00139-00027400-00027551 you could simply just run the same code
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00140-00027552-00027655 on the server that you were running on
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00141-00027656-00027895 the client and you know hit your api get
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00142-00027895-00028031 it and then serialize it together with
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00143-00028032-00028214 the initial payload yep
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00144-00028216-00028358 um and then actually maybe one last
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00145-00028360-00028558 thing that's related to this kind of is
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00146-00028560-00028718 in terms of reducing payload size
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00147-00028719-00028935 engines so we're hoping we're hoping
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00148-00028936-00029095 that the engines api
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00149-00029095-00029231 makes it easier for you to be able to
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00150-00029232-00029439 split up your app into these little
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00151-00029439-00029639 subsections that eventually engines will
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00152-00029639-00029751 lead to
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00153-00029752-00029918 lazy loading yeah so an example this
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00154-00029919-00030087 would be like discourse maybe like the
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00155-00030088-00030255 admin section is bigger than like the
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00156-00030256-00030502 whole i don't think so the admin section
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00157-00030503-00030623 is a big chunk
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00158-00030624-00030774 and so like not having to download the
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00159-00030775-00030935 admin section since most users are not
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00160-00030936-00031102 actually admins is yeah so they're
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00161-00031103-00031262 actually doing some work right now to do
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00162-00031263-00031470 that on their own um and a lot of people
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00163-00031472-00031679 have but having that be sort of baked
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00164-00031680-00031870 into ember cli basically you can just
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00165-00031872-00032014 say this engine should be lazy loaded
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00166-00032016-00032111 and then
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00167-00032112-00032262 because the routing system is already
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00168-00032263-00032407 asynchronous when you enter a route that
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00169-00032408-00032535 isn't loaded yet you go download the
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00170-00032536-00032702 code or you can imagine in skylight for
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00171-00032703-00032855 example you log in you see a list of all
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00172-00032856-00033055 your endpoints that's one that's the
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00173-00033056-00033255 main engine or the app and then only
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00174-00033256-00033383 when you click on an endpoint do you
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00175-00033384-00033518 link into it and then it goes and loads
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00176-00033519-00033631 that i think there's obviously there's
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00177-00033632-00033790 obviously some trade-offs about what you
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00178-00033791-00033974 want to download where obviously when
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00179-00033975-00034118 users click around you don't want to be
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00180-00034119-00034279 giving them a big loading spinner for
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00181-00034280-00034495 seconds but you can you can once you get
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00182-00034496-00034623 that initial payload then you can start
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00183-00034624-00034751 optimistically loading them you can
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00184-00034752-00034902 decide it's actually what we did at
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00185-00034903-00035055 icloud yep
+v_ukEEGTtW4-00186-00035056-00035384 cool right on
+v_OFobUb5y4-00000-00000370-00002670 [Music]
+v_OFobUb5y4-00001-00002671-00002902 [Music]
+v_OFobUb5y4-00002-00002903-00003134 bring wonder if someone will give you a
+v_OFobUb5y4-00003-00003135-00003343 ring i wonder if they will stand up when
+v_OFobUb5y4-00004-00003344-00003622 i see wonder if i can become the king
+v_OFobUb5y4-00005-00003623-00003822 i'm losing my sleep and i'm needing the
+v_OFobUb5y4-00006-00003823-00003990 hours i'm not like the calories that
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+v_OFobUb5y4-00008-00004216-00004375 turned to dead flowers i left them by
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+v_OFobUb5y4-00010-00005088-00007031 [Music]
+v_OFobUb5y4-00011-00007031-00007309 oh
+v_OFobUb5y4-00012-00007311-00008101 [Music]
+v_OFobUb5y4-00013-00008102-00008446 [Music]
+v_OFobUb5y4-00014-00008447-00008607 wishing the pain in my brain would
+v_OFobUb5y4-00015-00008608-00008831 escape wishing that i had some food on
+v_OFobUb5y4-00016-00008832-00009031 my plate wishing that none of this
+v_OFobUb5y4-00017-00009032-00009278 were the same wishing that i could touch
+v_OFobUb5y4-00018-00009279-00009535 the sky wishing that i was still four or
+v_OFobUb5y4-00019-00009536-00009742 five wishing that you wouldn't meet that
+v_OFobUb5y4-00020-00009743-00009967 new guy wishing that i could just close
+v_OFobUb5y4-00021-00009968-00010199 my eyes wishing that nothing was still
+v_OFobUb5y4-00022-00010200-00010431 the same wishing that you would just go
+v_OFobUb5y4-00023-00010432-00010678 away wishing i wasn't still stuck in my
+v_OFobUb5y4-00024-00010679-00010903 mind thinking of you about all this
+v_OFobUb5y4-00025-00010904-00011078 selling my ex when you wrote me that
+v_OFobUb5y4-00026-00011079-00011246 text and i'm not about to fight cause i
+v_OFobUb5y4-00027-00011247-00011587 don't want distress
+v_OFobUb5y4-00028-00011588-00012055 [Music]
+v_OFobUb5y4-00029-00012056-00012278 wonder if someone will give you a ring
+v_OFobUb5y4-00030-00012279-00012503 wonder if they will stand up when i sing
+v_OFobUb5y4-00031-00012504-00012727 wonder if i can become the king i'm
+v_OFobUb5y4-00032-00012728-00012910 losing my sleep and i'm needing the
+v_OFobUb5y4-00033-00012911-00013094 hours i'm not like the cowards that fake
+v_OFobUb5y4-00034-00013095-00013303 superpowers i had these roses that
+v_OFobUb5y4-00035-00013304-00013463 turned to dead flowers i left them by
+v_OFobUb5y4-00036-00013463-00014343 your bed when it used to be ours
+v_OFobUb5y4-00037-00014344-00014719 uh
+v_OFobUb5y4-00038-00014721-00016392 [Music]
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00000-00000053-00000347 planet Earth as a television and film
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00001-00000348-00000611 documentary franchise produced and
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+vAtbR_tRgMo-00003-00001017-00001313 in 2001 with the success of the blue
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00004-00001314-00001742 planet as of 2017 the blue planet has
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00005-00001743-00002537 spawned five series in one feature film
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00006-00002538-00003079 topic development
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00007-00003080-00003475 in 2001 the BBC broadcast the blue
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00008-00003476-00003757 planet a landmark series on the natural
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00009-00003758-00004039 history of the world's oceans it
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00010-00004040-00004288 received critical acclaim high viewing
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00011-00004289-00004552 figures audience appreciation ratings
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00012-00004553-00004933 and many awards it also became a hugely
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00013-00004934-00005239 profitable global brand eventually being
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00014-00005240-00005689 sold to 150 countries worldwide feedback
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00015-00005690-00005959 showed that audiences particularly liked
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+vAtbR_tRgMo-00017-00006191-00006427 unusual species and the cinematic
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+vAtbR_tRgMo-00020-00006977-00007231 so Alistair Fothergill decided that the
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00021-00007231-00007456 Natural History Unit should repeat the
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00022-00007456-00007645 formula with a series looking at the
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00023-00007645-00007956 whole planet the idea for planet Earth
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00024-00007958-00008224 was born and the series was commissioned
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00025-00008225-00008488 by Lorraine Heggessey then controller of
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00026-00008489-00008910 BBC one in January 2002 a feature film
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00027-00008911-00009148 version of planet Earth was commissioned
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00028-00009149-00009346 alongside the television series
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00029-00009347-00009529 repeating the successful model
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00030-00009530-00009777 established with the blue planet and its
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00031-00009778-00010108 companion film deep blue earth was
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00032-00010109-00010413 released around the world from 2007 to
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00033-00010414-00010807 2009 there was also another accompanying
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00034-00010808-00011059 television series planet Earth the
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00035-00011060-00011290 future which looked at the environmental
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00036-00011291-00011548 problems facing some of the species and
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00037-00011549-00011802 habitats featured in the main series in
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00038-00011803-00012145 more detail
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00039-00012146-00012417 you
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00040-00012418-00013049 topic television series
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00041-00013050-00013384 you
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00042-00013385-00014080 topic planet Earth 2006
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00043-00014081-00014389 planet Earth as a 2006 British
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00044-00014390-00014672 television series produced by the BBC
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00045-00014672-00015044 Natural History Unit five years in the
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00046-00015044-00015305 making it was the most expensive nature
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00047-00015306-00015566 documentary series ever commissioned by
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00048-00015566-00015863 the BBC and also the first to be filmed
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00049-00015863-00015997 in high-definition
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00050-00015998-00016196 planet Earth premiered on the 5th of
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00051-00016197-00016528 March 2006 in the United Kingdom on BBC
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00052-00016529-00016949 one and by June 2007 had been shown in
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00053-00016950-00017447 130 countries the series has 11 episodes
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00054-00017448-00017692 each of which features a global overview
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00055-00017693-00017961 of a different biome or habitat on earth
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00056-00017962-00018328 at the end of each 50-minute episode a
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00057-00018329-00018517 10-minute featurette takes a
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00058-00018518-00018742 behind-the-scenes look at the challenges
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00059-00018743-00019380 of filming the series
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00060-00019381-00020160 topic planet earth the future 2006
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00061-00020161-00020574 planet Earth the future as a 2006 BBC
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00062-00020575-00020829 documentary series on the environment
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00063-00020830-00021063 and conservation produced by the BBC
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00064-00021064-00021378 Natural History Unit as a companion to
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00065-00021379-00021576 the multi award-winning nature
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00066-00021577-00021756 documentary Planet Earth
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00067-00021757-00022032 the programmes were originally broadcast
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00068-00022033-00022377 on BBC four immediately after the final
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00069-00022378-00022677 three episodes of planet Earth on BBC
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00070-00022678-00022986 one each episode highlights the
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00071-00022987-00023235 conservation issues surrounding some of
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00072-00023236-00023475 the species and environments featured in
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00073-00023476-00023700 Planet Earth using interviews with the
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00074-00023701-00023940 filmmakers and eminent figures from the
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00075-00023941-00024243 fields of science conservation politics
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00076-00024244-00024612 and theology the programmes are narrated
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00077-00024613-00024879 by simon poland and the series producer
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00078-00024880-00025516 was Fergus Bailey
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00079-00025517-00026362 topic saving planet Earth 2007 saving
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00080-00026363-00026581 planet earth as a season of nature
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00081-00026582-00026830 documentaries with a conservation theme
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00082-00026831-00027244 screamed on BBC television in 2007 to
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00083-00027245-00027460 mark the fiftieth anniversary of its
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00084-00027461-00027765 specialists factual department the BBC
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00085-00027766-00028156 Natural History Unit the series featured
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00086-00028157-00028372 films contributed by a number of
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00087-00028373-00028585 celebrities on the plight of various
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00088-00028586-00028845 endangered species and coincided with
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00089-00028847-00029145 the launch of the BBC Wildlife Fund a
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00090-00029147-00029350 charitable organisation which
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00091-00029351-00029583 distributes money to conservation
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00092-00029585-00029929 projects around the world the television
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00093-00029930-00030202 series culminated in a live fundraising
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00094-00030202-00030538 telethon on BBC two hosted by Alan
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00095-00030539-00030775 Titchmarsh which raised over 1 million
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00096-00030776-00031186 pounds for the charity the BBC broadcast
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00097-00031187-00031630 a second live telethon in 2010 wild
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00098-00031631-00031852 night in was presented by Kate humble
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00099-00031852-00032098 Chris Packham and Martin Hughes games
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00100-00032099-00032377 and featured conservation projects which
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00101-00032377-00032583 had benefited from the support of the
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00102-00032585-00032946 BBC Wildlife Fund this helped to raise a
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00103-00032947-00033602 further 1 million pounds
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00104-00033603-00034318 topic planet earth live 2012
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00105-00034319-00034549 planet earth live as a live-action
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00106-00034550-00034843 nature documentary screened on British
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00107-00034844-00035209 television produced by the BBC Natural
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00108-00035210-00035548 History Unit and broadcast in May 2012
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00109-00035549-00035806 the programme was presented by Richard
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00110-00035807-00036082 Hammond and Julia Bradbury planet earth
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00111-00036083-00036340 live featured real-time footage of young
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00112-00036341-00036565 animals from five continents throughout
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00113-00036566-00036901 the month of May broadcast three times
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00114-00036902-00037162 per week teams of nature experts and
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00115-00037163-00037372 documentary makers monitored the
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00116-00037373-00037588 activity of animals in their area
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00117-00037589-00037854 reporting back on the day's events
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00118-00037855-00038164 animals featured included meerkats in
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00119-00038165-00038446 the Kalahari Desert American black bears
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00120-00038447-00038731 in Minnesota lions and African bush
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00121-00038732-00039001 elephants in East Africa took macaques
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00122-00039002-00039274 in Sri Lanka grey whales off the coast
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00123-00039275-00039529 of California polar bears in Svalbard
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00124-00039530-00039955 and giant otters in Peru the programme
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00125-00039956-00040324 was shown in May 2012 on BBC one in the
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00126-00040325-00040681 United Kingdom and was broadcast in 140
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00127-00040682-00040906 countries in total making it the most
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00128-00040907-00041254 ambitious global wildlife series the BBC
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00129-00041255-00041587 had ever undertaken in the US it was
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00130-00041588-00041932 retitled 24/7 wild and aired on Nat Geo
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00131-00041933-00042268 Wild in South Africa Asia Australia
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00132-00042269-00042601 Italy Nordic countries New Zealand and
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00133-00042602-00042910 Poland it was shown on BBC knowledge and
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00134-00042911-00043662 in India on BBC entertainment
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00135-00043663-00044395 topic planet earth to 2016
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00136-00044396-00044704 planet Earth - as an ongoing Natural
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00137-00044705-00044977 History documentary series produced by
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00138-00044978-00045226 the BBC as a sequel to the highly
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00139-00045227-00045487 successful planet Earth television
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00140-00045488-00045679 series which aired roughly a decade
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00141-00045680-00046090 earlier in 2006 the series will be
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00142-00046091-00046330 presented and narrated by Sir David
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00143-00046331-00046582 Attenborough with the score composed by
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00144-00046583-00046801 Hans Zimmer the first trailer was
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00145-00046802-00047146 released on the 9th of October 2016 and
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00146-00047147-00047365 the series is set to broadcast in
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00147-00047366-00047779 November 2016 United Kingdom on BBC One
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00148-00047780-00048235 and BBC One HD Planet Earth 2 will mark
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00149-00048236-00048532 the first television series that the BBC
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00150-00048533-00048702 have produced in ultra-high definition
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00151-00048703-00049392 4k
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00152-00049393-00049961 topic feature film
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00153-00049962-00050296 you
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00154-00050297-00050933 topic earth 2007
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00155-00050934-00051152 alongside the commissioning of the
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00156-00051153-00051428 television series BBC Worldwide and
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00157-00051429-00051730 greenlight media secured financing for a
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00158-00051732-00052028 15 million United States dollars film
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00159-00052029-00052328 version of planet Earth this followed
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00160-00052329-00052589 the earlier success of deep blue the
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00161-00052590-00052997 BBC's 2003 theatrical nature documentary
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00162-00052998-00053225 which used re-edited footage from the
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00163-00053226-00053552 blue planet the film was co-directed by
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00164-00053553-00053783 Alistair Fothergill and Mark Linfield
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00165-00053784-00054083 and produced by Alex Kidd Marsh and so
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00166-00054084-00054473 focused a solace only 30 percent of the
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00167-00054474-00054695 footage shown in earth as new with the
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00168-00054696-00054869 remainder being reworked from the
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00169-00054870-00055103 television series to suit the narrative
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00170-00055104-00055382 of the film David Attenborough was
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00171-00055383-00055661 replaced as narrator by high-profile
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00172-00055662-00055916 actors Patrick Stewart for the UK market
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00173-00055916-00056195 and James Earl Jones for the United
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00174-00056196-00056390 States earth had its worldwide premiere
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00175-00056391-00056803 in September 2007 at the San Sebastian
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00176-00056804-00057062 international film festival in San
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00177-00057063-00057439 sebastián Spain in Basque Country
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00178-00057440-00057722 Lionsgate released the film in several
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00179-00057723-00057932 international markets over the following
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00180-00057933-00058316 year in the United States it became the
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00181-00058316-00058535 first film to be released by Disney
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00182-00058536-00058778 nature the Walt Disney Company's new
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00183-00058779-00059120 nature documentary arm when released on
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00184-00059121-00059441 Earth Day 2009 it set the record for the
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00185-00059441-00059666 highest opening weekend gross for a
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00186-00059666-00059903 nature documentary and went on to become
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00187-00059904-00060154 the third highest-grossing documentary
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00188-00060155-00060554 of all time it has grossed more than 108
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00189-00060554-00060829 million dollars worldwide in the nature
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00190-00060830-00061079 documentary genre only march of the
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00191-00061079-00061319 Penguins has achieved greater box-office
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00192-00061320-00061919 success
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00193-00061920-00062621 topic planet earth live 2010
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00194-00062622-00062933 this 90-minute film presents highlights
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00195-00062934-00063377 from 2006 television series its premiere
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00196-00063378-00063608 was celebrated in the u.s. with a tour
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00197-00063609-00063869 featuring narration and live orchestral
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00198-00063870-00064475 accompaniment
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00199-00064476-00065116 topic television specials
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00200-00065116-00065451 you
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00201-00065452-00066200 topic the making of planet Earth 2012
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00202-00066201-00066549 BBC America produced a two-hour making
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00203-00066550-00066842 of documentary narrated by Dan Stevens
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00204-00066843-00067125 it includes interviews with some
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00205-00067126-00067413 producers and cameramen of the 2006
+vAtbR_tRgMo-00206-00067414-00067650 series
+vBquwCA4L0o-00000-00000000-00000638 [Music]
+vBquwCA4L0o-00001-00000639-00000823 hey psych2goers welcome back to another
+vBquwCA4L0o-00002-00000824-00000886 video
+vBquwCA4L0o-00003-00000888-00001095 we're so grateful for all of the support
+vBquwCA4L0o-00004-00001096-00001199 you've given us
+vBquwCA4L0o-00005-00001200-00001374 our mission is to make psychology more
+vBquwCA4L0o-00006-00001375-00001630 accessible and digestible for everyone
+vBquwCA4L0o-00007-00001632-00001823 before we begin we would like to make a
+vBquwCA4L0o-00008-00001823-00001991 short disclaimer if you relate to
+vBquwCA4L0o-00009-00001992-00002126 anything listed in this video
+vBquwCA4L0o-00010-00002127-00002287 please reach out to your doctor to
+vBquwCA4L0o-00011-00002288-00002487 discuss your symptoms as this video is
+vBquwCA4L0o-00012-00002488-00002671 not intended to diagnose yourself or
+vBquwCA4L0o-00013-00002672-00002758 others
+vBquwCA4L0o-00014-00002759-00003087 with that said let's continue there are
+vBquwCA4L0o-00015-00003088-00003279 many types of mental illness
+vBquwCA4L0o-00016-00003279-00003695 depression anxiety ptsd bipolar disorder
+vBquwCA4L0o-00017-00003696-00003911 and many more you may have heard of
+vBquwCA4L0o-00018-00003911-00004086 bipolar disorder before
+vBquwCA4L0o-00019-00004087-00004267 it is a mental illness that affects your
+vBquwCA4L0o-00020-00004268-00004511 moods a common misconception about
+vBquwCA4L0o-00021-00004512-00004647 bipolar disorder
+vBquwCA4L0o-00022-00004648-00004806 is that a person has frequent mood
+vBquwCA4L0o-00023-00004807-00005015 swings going from happy or positive to
+vBquwCA4L0o-00024-00005016-00005079 sad
+vBquwCA4L0o-00025-00005080-00005327 angry irritated or other negative
+vBquwCA4L0o-00026-00005328-00005391 emotions
+vBquwCA4L0o-00027-00005392-00005663 almost without warning but did you know
+vBquwCA4L0o-00028-00005664-00005838 that there are different types
+vBquwCA4L0o-00029-00005839-00005991 today we are going to learn about the
+vBquwCA4L0o-00030-00005992-00006206 similarities and differences between
+vBquwCA4L0o-00031-00006207-00006559 bipolar 1 and bipolar 2 disorder
+vBquwCA4L0o-00032-00006559-00006839 bipolar 1. the first type of bipolar
+vBquwCA4L0o-00033-00006840-00006975 disorder we're going to talk about is
+vBquwCA4L0o-00034-00006976-00007159 bipolar 1 disorder
+vBquwCA4L0o-00035-00007159-00007406 people with bp1 go through cycles of
+vBquwCA4L0o-00036-00007408-00007470 mania
+vBquwCA4L0o-00037-00007472-00007798 depression and normal moods however
+vBquwCA4L0o-00038-00007800-00007998 not everyone with bp1 experiences
+vBquwCA4L0o-00039-00008000-00008191 depressive episodes
+vBquwCA4L0o-00040-00008192-00008359 sometimes they just experience shifts
+vBquwCA4L0o-00041-00008360-00008599 between normal and manic moods
+vBquwCA4L0o-00042-00008600-00008767 they can often feel like riding a roller
+vBquwCA4L0o-00043-00008768-00009014 coaster you're going up the first hill
+vBquwCA4L0o-00044-00009015-00009151 with all of these exciting
+vBquwCA4L0o-00045-00009152-00009406 adrenaline-inducing emotions building up
+vBquwCA4L0o-00046-00009407-00009551 when you get to the top
+vBquwCA4L0o-00047-00009552-00009831 you feel like you're on top of the world
+vBquwCA4L0o-00048-00009832-00010071 what exactly is mania though
+vBquwCA4L0o-00049-00010072-00010383 according to the dsm-5 mania is defined
+vBquwCA4L0o-00050-00010384-00010631 as a distinct period of abnormally
+vBquwCA4L0o-00051-00010632-00010927 and persistently elevated expansive or
+vBquwCA4L0o-00052-00010928-00011071 irritable moods
+vBquwCA4L0o-00053-00011072-00011246 and abnormally and persistently
+vBquwCA4L0o-00054-00011247-00011414 goal-directed behavior or
+vBquwCA4L0o-00055-00011415-00011719 energy this is just a general definition
+vBquwCA4L0o-00056-00011720-00011951 not everyone with bp1 experiences mania
+vBquwCA4L0o-00057-00011952-00012078 the same way
+vBquwCA4L0o-00058-00012079-00012287 if you have bp1 disorder and are in a
+vBquwCA4L0o-00059-00012288-00012399 manic episode
+vBquwCA4L0o-00060-00012400-00012638 you may have lots of energy feel wired
+vBquwCA4L0o-00061-00012639-00012759 have racing thoughts
+vBquwCA4L0o-00062-00012760-00012983 talk faster than usual take part in
+vBquwCA4L0o-00063-00012984-00013127 risky behaviors
+vBquwCA4L0o-00064-00013128-00013351 need less sleep or have heightened
+vBquwCA4L0o-00065-00013352-00013430 intense
+vBquwCA4L0o-00066-00013431-00013735 senses such as smell or touch
+vBquwCA4L0o-00067-00013736-00013935 a person without bp1 may experience
+vBquwCA4L0o-00068-00013936-00014151 these symptoms for various reasons
+vBquwCA4L0o-00069-00014152-00014351 maybe you had too much caffeine or sugar
+vBquwCA4L0o-00070-00014352-00014486 or maybe you're just in a good
+vBquwCA4L0o-00071-00014487-00014783 energetic mood the key differences are
+vBquwCA4L0o-00072-00014784-00014966 that manic episodes are usually very
+vBquwCA4L0o-00073-00014968-00015063 extreme
+vBquwCA4L0o-00074-00015063-00015199 out of the ordinary for the person
+vBquwCA4L0o-00075-00015200-00015438 experiencing them and the episodes last
+vBquwCA4L0o-00076-00015440-00015494 at least
+vBquwCA4L0o-00077-00015495-00015783 seven days occasionally some people with
+vBquwCA4L0o-00078-00015784-00015879 bp1
+vBquwCA4L0o-00079-00015880-00016086 may experience psychosis while in a
+vBquwCA4L0o-00080-00016087-00016238 manic episode
+vBquwCA4L0o-00081-00016240-00016463 psychosis is easily understood as a loss
+vBquwCA4L0o-00082-00016464-00016647 of contact with reality
+vBquwCA4L0o-00083-00016648-00016847 a person experiencing psychosis may have
+vBquwCA4L0o-00084-00016848-00017015 delusions hallucinations
+vBquwCA4L0o-00085-00017016-00017175 such as hearing voices or seeing things
+vBquwCA4L0o-00086-00017176-00017358 that aren't really there or talking
+vBquwCA4L0o-00087-00017359-00017455 incoherently
+vBquwCA4L0o-00088-00017456-00017575 and saying things that don't seem to
+vBquwCA4L0o-00089-00017576-00017807 make sense to other people if you're in
+vBquwCA4L0o-00090-00017808-00017935 a psychotic episode
+vBquwCA4L0o-00091-00017936-00018119 you're probably not aware that you are
+vBquwCA4L0o-00092-00018120-00018358 or that anything is even wrong at all
+vBquwCA4L0o-00093-00018359-00018558 psychosis is a serious condition and
+vBquwCA4L0o-00094-00018559-00018775 usually requires emergency care
+vBquwCA4L0o-00095-00018776-00018991 depression is another extreme mood that
+vBquwCA4L0o-00096-00018992-00019183 a person with bp1 may experience and
+vBquwCA4L0o-00097-00019184-00019343 often immediately follows a manic
+vBquwCA4L0o-00098-00019344-00019479 episode
+vBquwCA4L0o-00099-00019480-00019647 just like the roller coaster example we
+vBquwCA4L0o-00100-00019648-00019879 used for mania what goes up
+vBquwCA4L0o-00101-00019880-00020143 must come down a person with bp1 will
+vBquwCA4L0o-00102-00020144-00020294 quickly go from feeling like they're on
+vBquwCA4L0o-00103-00020295-00020399 top of the world
+vBquwCA4L0o-00104-00020400-00020583 to speeding down the hill into a far
+vBquwCA4L0o-00105-00020584-00020783 more negative mood
+vBquwCA4L0o-00106-00020784-00020991 just like with mania not every person
+vBquwCA4L0o-00107-00020992-00021175 experiences depressive episodes the same
+vBquwCA4L0o-00108-00021176-00021286 way
+vBquwCA4L0o-00109-00021287-00021494 if you're depressed you may have mental
+vBquwCA4L0o-00110-00021495-00021678 and behavioral symptoms such as having
+vBquwCA4L0o-00111-00021679-00021822 little or no interest in doing the
+vBquwCA4L0o-00112-00021823-00022047 things you normally enjoy doing
+vBquwCA4L0o-00113-00022048-00022263 hopelessness intense sadness
+vBquwCA4L0o-00114-00022264-00022367 irritability
+vBquwCA4L0o-00115-00022368-00022607 or lack of concentration depressive
+vBquwCA4L0o-00116-00022608-00022830 episodes can also affect you physically
+vBquwCA4L0o-00117-00022831-00022991 it may make it harder for you to fall or
+vBquwCA4L0o-00118-00022992-00023247 stay asleep make you feel fatigued
+vBquwCA4L0o-00119-00023248-00023535 or make you lose your appetite bipolar
+vBquwCA4L0o-00120-00023536-00023663 2.
+vBquwCA4L0o-00121-00023664-00023839 another type of bipolar disorder is
+vBquwCA4L0o-00122-00023840-00024022 bipolar 2 disorder
+vBquwCA4L0o-00123-00024023-00024311 bp2 is similar to bp1 however symptoms
+vBquwCA4L0o-00124-00024312-00024375 tend to be
+vBquwCA4L0o-00125-00024376-00024558 milder than those that present in people
+vBquwCA4L0o-00126-00024559-00024727 with bp1
+vBquwCA4L0o-00127-00024728-00024919 people with bp2 experience bouts of
+vBquwCA4L0o-00128-00024920-00025086 depression and normal moods
+vBquwCA4L0o-00129-00025087-00025350 just like those with pp1 rather the
+vBquwCA4L0o-00130-00025351-00025399 mania
+vBquwCA4L0o-00131-00025400-00025687 though people with bp2 have hypomania
+vBquwCA4L0o-00132-00025688-00025918 what exactly is hypomania
+vBquwCA4L0o-00133-00025919-00026255 hypomania is often very similar to mania
+vBquwCA4L0o-00134-00026256-00026479 if you experience hypomania you'll more
+vBquwCA4L0o-00135-00026480-00026646 than likely have the same symptoms of
+vBquwCA4L0o-00136-00026647-00026727 mania
+vBquwCA4L0o-00137-00026727-00027007 just in a milder form this can include
+vBquwCA4L0o-00138-00027008-00027135 an increase in energy
+vBquwCA4L0o-00139-00027136-00027367 racing thoughts increased motivation to
+vBquwCA4L0o-00140-00027368-00027511 take on new projects
+vBquwCA4L0o-00141-00027512-00027687 and others that we've previously talked
+vBquwCA4L0o-00142-00027688-00027887 about with manic symptoms
+vBquwCA4L0o-00143-00027888-00028070 hypomanic episodes don't usually cause
+vBquwCA4L0o-00144-00028072-00028262 extreme issues in your life as manic
+vBquwCA4L0o-00145-00028263-00028407 episodes do though
+vBquwCA4L0o-00146-00028408-00028551 that's not to say that they can't be
+vBquwCA4L0o-00147-00028552-00028735 trouble somewhere disruptive
+vBquwCA4L0o-00148-00028736-00028951 while people with bp1 usually experience
+vBquwCA4L0o-00149-00028952-00029158 more problems with manic episodes
+vBquwCA4L0o-00150-00029160-00029383 people with bp2 tend to have more issues
+vBquwCA4L0o-00151-00029383-00029558 with the depressive episodes than the
+vBquwCA4L0o-00152-00029560-00029727 hypomanic episodes
+vBquwCA4L0o-00153-00029727-00029902 of course everyone is different and
+vBquwCA4L0o-00154-00029904-00030079 these are just trends
+vBquwCA4L0o-00155-00030080-00030295 bipolar 1 and bipolar 2 disorder have
+vBquwCA4L0o-00156-00030295-00030446 their similarities as well as their
+vBquwCA4L0o-00157-00030447-00030551 differences
+vBquwCA4L0o-00158-00030552-00030751 lobby 1 tends to deal with manic
+vBquwCA4L0o-00159-00030752-00030983 episodes and bp2 deals more with extreme
+vBquwCA4L0o-00160-00030983-00031111 depressive episodes
+vBquwCA4L0o-00161-00031112-00031295 neither one is better or worse than the
+vBquwCA4L0o-00162-00031295-00031487 other they simply affect you in a
+vBquwCA4L0o-00163-00031488-00031631 different way
+vBquwCA4L0o-00164-00031632-00031758 did you find this video to be
+vBquwCA4L0o-00165-00031760-00031967 educational would you like to see more
+vBquwCA4L0o-00166-00031968-00032127 mental health and mental illness topics
+vBquwCA4L0o-00167-00032127-00032255 like this
+vBquwCA4L0o-00168-00032256-00032423 also if you know someone who may benefit
+vBquwCA4L0o-00169-00032424-00032558 from online counseling
+vBquwCA4L0o-00170-00032560-00032735 we actually partnered up with betterhelp
+vBquwCA4L0o-00171-00032736-00032918 it's an affordable online counseling
+vBquwCA4L0o-00172-00032919-00033095 platform that you can utilize
+vBquwCA4L0o-00173-00033096-00033239 they're constantly striving to improve
+vBquwCA4L0o-00174-00033240-00033399 their services and terms and conditions
+vBquwCA4L0o-00175-00033400-00033518 and the link will be in the description
+vBquwCA4L0o-00176-00033519-00033824 box below
+vBLeC95LLgY-00000-00000021-00000340 parents and coaches this one tip you're
+vBLeC95LLgY-00001-00000341-00000588 about to hear can single-handedly
+vBLeC95LLgY-00002-00000589-00000853 transform your kids from nervous and
+vBLeC95LLgY-00003-00000855-00001160 timid to a consistent powerhouse and
+vBLeC95LLgY-00004-00001161-00001265 competition
+vBLeC95LLgY-00005-00001266-00001544 I'll show you proof and tell you the tip
+vBLeC95LLgY-00006-00001545-00001739 in a moment but to get all five
+vBLeC95LLgY-00007-00001739-00002021 confidence tips in this series click the
+vBLeC95LLgY-00008-00002022-00002240 link below and sign in to my list for
+vBLeC95LLgY-00009-00002241-00002495 the full series you are going to learn
+vBLeC95LLgY-00010-00002496-00002813 the secret sauce of young athletes that
+vBLeC95LLgY-00011-00002814-00003122 they don't tell their parents all from
+vBLeC95LLgY-00012-00003123-00003353 my experience in working with hundreds
+vBLeC95LLgY-00013-00003354-00003677 of the one-on-one worldwide so here's
+vBLeC95LLgY-00014-00003678-00004145 tip number one organize everything you
+vBLeC95LLgY-00015-00004146-00004469 do for your kid around skill acquisition
+vBLeC95LLgY-00016-00004470-00005015 and efforts now every coach knows that
+vBLeC95LLgY-00017-00005016-00005197 athletes perform better when they
+vBLeC95LLgY-00018-00005198-00005456 improve their skills right and so they
+vBLeC95LLgY-00019-00005457-00005674 set up regular practices with drills
+vBLeC95LLgY-00020-00005675-00005920 exercises scrimmages the whole nine
+vBLeC95LLgY-00021-00005921-00006334 yards but the most common problem adults
+vBLeC95LLgY-00022-00006335-00006575 who work with young kids what they
+vBLeC95LLgY-00023-00006576-00006770 report to me with their young athlete is
+vBLeC95LLgY-00024-00006770-00007064 that they don't perform as well in the
+vBLeC95LLgY-00025-00007065-00007463 game as they do in practice they lose
+vBLeC95LLgY-00026-00007464-00007742 their confidence in the games now why is
+vBLeC95LLgY-00027-00007743-00007976 that well it's simply because in
+vBLeC95LLgY-00028-00007977-00008234 practice coaches and parents are
+vBLeC95LLgY-00029-00008235-00008512 praising things like hustle and
+vBLeC95LLgY-00030-00008513-00008914 determination discipline and anything
+vBLeC95LLgY-00031-00008915-00009146 that they see in the athlete that shows
+vBLeC95LLgY-00032-00009147-00009377 an improvement in their physical skills
+vBLeC95LLgY-00033-00009378-00009803 right all great stuff but then what
+vBLeC95LLgY-00034-00009804-00010109 happens in competitions the coaches and
+vBLeC95LLgY-00035-00010110-00010488 parents then only praise good
+vBLeC95LLgY-00036-00010489-00010849 performances and they minimize skills
+vBLeC95LLgY-00037-00010850-00011141 and efforts and so what happens is the
+vBLeC95LLgY-00038-00011142-00011617 kid starts focusing on good performances
+vBLeC95LLgY-00039-00011618-00011935 and having a good performance because
+vBLeC95LLgY-00040-00011936-00012124 that's what the adults are all focused
+vBLeC95LLgY-00041-00012125-00012219 on
+vBLeC95LLgY-00042-00012220-00012710 they do this instead of just executing
+vBLeC95LLgY-00043-00012711-00013083 the skills and showing hustle like they
+vBLeC95LLgY-00044-00013084-00013443 do in practice so what this does is it
+vBLeC95LLgY-00045-00013444-00014018 causes the kid to worry and stress and
+vBLeC95LLgY-00046-00014019-00014480 fear a poor performance that causes
+vBLeC95LLgY-00047-00014481-00014819 nervousness tension tightness timid play
+vBLeC95LLgY-00048-00014820-00015150 and other problems which makes it harder
+vBLeC95LLgY-00049-00015151-00015530 to execute the skills and be focused on
+vBLeC95LLgY-00050-00015531-00015921 what they're doing out there now here's
+vBLeC95LLgY-00051-00015922-00016488 an example of what to do Jony is a 13
+vBLeC95LLgY-00052-00016489-00016728 year old soccer player but this story
+vBLeC95LLgY-00053-00016729-00017003 applies to any sport with their parents
+vBLeC95LLgY-00054-00017004-00017268 in the stand and her whole team watching
+vBLeC95LLgY-00055-00017269-00017475 it and holding the breath at the end of
+vBLeC95LLgY-00056-00017476-00017883 the game she misses a final penalty kick
+vBLeC95LLgY-00057-00017884-00018291 on goal that would have tied the game
+vBLeC95LLgY-00058-00018292-00018722 and instead the team loses so she looks
+vBLeC95LLgY-00059-00018723-00019002 around at her teammates and coach and
+vBLeC95LLgY-00060-00019003-00019280 and everybody's got their heads down and
+vBLeC95LLgY-00061-00019281-00019539 in their hand and disappointment is
+vBLeC95LLgY-00062-00019540-00019859 everywhere right she walks off the field
+vBLeC95LLgY-00063-00019860-00020294 in tears and she approaches her parents
+vBLeC95LLgY-00064-00020295-00020739 were both beaming with smiling and they
+vBLeC95LLgY-00065-00020740-00020975 give her the biggest hug that the
+vBLeC95LLgY-00066-00020976-00021200 biggest that a proud parent could give
+vBLeC95LLgY-00067-00021201-00021515 her and she's all confused and she says
+vBLeC95LLgY-00068-00021516-00021834 why are you both so smiling and so happy
+vBLeC95LLgY-00069-00021835-00022250 we lost and it was all my fault and her
+vBLeC95LLgY-00070-00022251-00022550 dad tells her honey we are so proud of
+vBLeC95LLgY-00071-00022551-00022821 you beyond words because of the courage
+vBLeC95LLgY-00072-00022822-00023103 you showed by volunteering to be the
+vBLeC95LLgY-00073-00023104-00023405 last kicker on the team this game means
+vBLeC95LLgY-00074-00023406-00023687 nothing but the fearlessness we saw in
+vBLeC95LLgY-00075-00023688-00023858 you when you went up there for that kick
+vBLeC95LLgY-00076-00023859-00024209 was the most proud I have ever been in
+vBLeC95LLgY-00077-00024210-00024528 my entire life about anything
+vBLeC95LLgY-00078-00024529-00024974 you were absolutely awesome out there
+vBLeC95LLgY-00079-00024975-00025278 and everyone will forget about this game
+vBLeC95LLgY-00080-00025279-00025453 in a short period but I
+vBLeC95LLgY-00081-00025454-00025734 want you to remember Jony that when you
+vBLeC95LLgY-00082-00025735-00025965 remember this forever that you have this
+vBLeC95LLgY-00083-00025966-00026299 huge courage inside of you and it's
+vBLeC95LLgY-00084-00026300-00026548 gonna take you far and soccer in life
+vBLeC95LLgY-00085-00026549-00026902 you just use this here and you'll use
+vBLeC95LLgY-00086-00026902-00027139 this courage again and again and we are
+vBLeC95LLgY-00087-00027139-00027595 so proud of you for that that's what you
+vBLeC95LLgY-00088-00027595-00027889 want to do praise efforts and skills
+vBLeC95LLgY-00089-00027889-00028249 that's a mental skill courage you see
+vBLeC95LLgY-00090-00028250-00028480 the power in this for confidence
+vBLeC95LLgY-00091-00028481-00028801 building make sure you use it and if you
+vBLeC95LLgY-00092-00028802-00029011 want the other four very powerful tips
+vBLeC95LLgY-00093-00029012-00029246 like this one of which will give you a
+vBLeC95LLgY-00094-00029247-00029545 stronger connection to your kids for
+vBLeC95LLgY-00095-00029545-00029871 life then hit the link below sign in on
+vBLeC95LLgY-00096-00029872-00030064 the next page and I'll shoot it to you
+vBLeC95LLgY-00097-00030064-00030318 an email I'm Craig so with your mental
+vBLeC95LLgY-00098-00030319-00030655 toughness trainer let's do this
+vCHi0RJE3_U-00000-00000049-00000258 blade is the name of two video games
+vCHi0RJE3_U-00001-00000259-00000573 based on the 1998 film adaptation of the
+vCHi0RJE3_U-00002-00000574-00000747 blade character that starred Wesley
+vCHi0RJE3_U-00003-00000748-00000798 Snipes
+vCHi0RJE3_U-00004-00000799-00001068 the game was developed by hammerhead for
+vCHi0RJE3_U-00005-00001069-00001299 the PlayStation in 2000 a different game
+vCHi0RJE3_U-00006-00001300-00001533 was developed by H al laboratory and
+vCHi0RJE3_U-00007-00001534-00001695 avid Inc and released for the Game Boy
+vCHi0RJE3_U-00008-00001696-00001976 Color both games were published by
+vCHi0RJE3_U-00009-00001977-00002225 Activision the PlayStation game follows
+vCHi0RJE3_U-00010-00002226-00002412 the adventure of blade with help of his
+vCHi0RJE3_U-00011-00002413-00002618 mentor and friend Abraham Whistler and
+vCHi0RJE3_U-00012-00002619-00002771 with old remembered enemies like
+vCHi0RJE3_U-00013-00002772-00003096 Dragonetti and Manheim upon release
+vCHi0RJE3_U-00014-00003097-00003249 critics were mixed to negative in
+vCHi0RJE3_U-00015-00003250-00003413 reviews they were critical of the
+vCHi0RJE3_U-00016-00003414-00003684 graphics camera controls voice acting
+vCHi0RJE3_U-00017-00003685-00003854 and the dead failed to capture the
+vCHi0RJE3_U-00018-00003855-00004504 spirit of the movie
+vCHi0RJE3_U-00019-00004505-00005022 topic gameplay
+vCHi0RJE3_U-00020-00005023-00005250 the player takes control of the title
+vCHi0RJE3_U-00021-00005251-00005415 character as he makes his way through
+vCHi0RJE3_U-00022-00005416-00005652 various vampire infested locations in
+vCHi0RJE3_U-00023-00005653-00005931 order to defeat the vampire menace blade
+vCHi0RJE3_U-00024-00005932-00006126 ventures through warehouses sewers
+vCHi0RJE3_U-00025-00006127-00006372 museums city streets and nightclubs
+vCHi0RJE3_U-00026-00006373-00006570 dispatching numerous types of enemies
+vCHi0RJE3_U-00027-00006570-00006780 ranging from familiars humans that do
+vCHi0RJE3_U-00028-00006781-00007001 have vampires bidding vampires zombies
+vCHi0RJE3_U-00029-00007002-00007287 monsters killer dogs and other creatures
+vCHi0RJE3_U-00030-00007288-00007509 of the night to help blade with his
+vCHi0RJE3_U-00031-00007509-00007740 quest he has a small arsenal of weapons
+vCHi0RJE3_U-00032-00007741-00007945 to arm himself with courtesy of Whistler
+vCHi0RJE3_U-00033-00007947-00008244 blade always has his trademark sword but
+vCHi0RJE3_U-00034-00008245-00008421 can also use his fists as well as a
+vCHi0RJE3_U-00035-00008422-00008646 variety of firearms including pistols
+vCHi0RJE3_U-00036-00008647-00008928 shotguns and machine pistols each
+vCHi0RJE3_U-00037-00008929-00009146 firearms has three different types of
+vCHi0RJE3_U-00038-00009147-00009429 ammunition standard explosive and silver
+vCHi0RJE3_U-00039-00009430-00009603 each with its own effect on different
+vCHi0RJE3_U-00040-00009604-00009860 enemies blade is also equipped with a
+vCHi0RJE3_U-00041-00009861-00010188 multi launcher that can shoot all sorts
+vCHi0RJE3_U-00042-00010189-00010395 of things to kill vampires like silver
+vCHi0RJE3_U-00043-00010396-00011039 glaives and UV grenades
+vCHi0RJE3_U-00044-00011040-00011525 topic plot
+vCHi0RJE3_U-00045-00011526-00011720 blade must make his way through the
+vCHi0RJE3_U-00046-00011721-00011924 various vampire houses and with the help
+vCHi0RJE3_U-00047-00011925-00012589 of Whistler destroy them all
+vCHi0RJE3_U-00048-00012590-00013104 topic reception
+vCHi0RJE3_U-00049-00013105-00013305 the PlayStation version of blade
+vCHi0RJE3_U-00050-00013306-00013608 received mixed reviews according to the
+vCHi0RJE3_U-00051-00013609-00014291 review aggregation website Metacritic
+vCHi0RJE3_U-00052-00014293-00014828 topic see also
+vCHi0RJE3_U-00053-00014829-00015190 blade in video games
+vGkHqyQbI_Q-00000-00000459-00000778 for me yo've is about community and
+vGkHqyQbI_Q-00001-00000779-00001047 striving together for better world
+vGkHqyQbI_Q-00002-00001048-00001410 and for me Europe means home for me
+vGkHqyQbI_Q-00003-00001411-00001572 Europe is about students it's about
+vGkHqyQbI_Q-00004-00001573-00001832 student involvement in making decisions
+vGkHqyQbI_Q-00005-00001834-00002121 and in student participation in building
+vGkHqyQbI_Q-00006-00002122-00002487 a better Europe for me Europe is leaving
+vGkHqyQbI_Q-00007-00002488-00002783 barriers behind and building a strong
+vGkHqyQbI_Q-00008-00002784-00003129 peaceful community where every culture
+vGkHqyQbI_Q-00009-00003130-00003549 every human can list his life as he
+vGkHqyQbI_Q-00010-00003550-00003722 wishes or she wishes
+vGkHqyQbI_Q-00011-00003722-00003969 yeah Europe is for me sometimes like a
+vGkHqyQbI_Q-00012-00003970-00004053 roller coaster
+vGkHqyQbI_Q-00013-00004054-00004350 it has its up and downs but still it's
+vGkHqyQbI_Q-00014-00004351-00004716 pretty much fun to join for me Europe is
+vGkHqyQbI_Q-00015-00004717-00004983 bringing people together and breaking
+vGkHqyQbI_Q-00016-00004984-00005295 stereotypes for me Europe is an
+vGkHqyQbI_Q-00017-00005296-00005538 opportunity in every area of life for
+vGkHqyQbI_Q-00018-00005539-00005895 everyone for me Europe is about peace
+vGkHqyQbI_Q-00019-00005896-00006131 thanks to at least in part things the
+vGkHqyQbI_Q-00020-00006132-00006375 European integration we in Germany and
+vGkHqyQbI_Q-00021-00006376-00006576 also in the neighboring countries are
+vGkHqyQbI_Q-00022-00006577-00006884 living in peace now for around 70 years
+vGkHqyQbI_Q-00023-00006886-00007070 and from it
+vGkHqyQbI_Q-00024-00007072-00007314 Europe is all about cultural exchange
+vGkHqyQbI_Q-00025-00007315-00007680 and finding new friends for me Europe is
+vGkHqyQbI_Q-00026-00007681-00008106 embracing diversity mutual understanding
+vGkHqyQbI_Q-00027-00008106-00009154 democracy it's our home
+vGkHqyQbI_Q-00028-00009155-00009361 you
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00000-00001375-00001535 so now i have
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00001-00001536-00001751 a 212 percent mastery i have verse
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00002-00001752-00001871 mastery
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00003-00001872-00002126 ring and boots and belts
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00004-00002127-00002655 out that's why i have so much masteries
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00005-00002656-00002831 nice look at healing
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00006-00002832-00003047 we're insane so these are my condo it's
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00007-00003048-00003231 i think that strike with clarity is
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00008-00003232-00003359 really good because it makes it last
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00009-00003360-00003486 five seconds longer and it also
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00010-00003488-00003663 increases your mastery
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00011-00003664-00003895 it might not be worth it but
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00012-00003896-00004119 i don't know it seems pretty good um
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00013-00004120-00004311 fortify ingredients really good
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00014-00004312-00004479 because it just helps you survive
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00015-00004480-00004615 respondent mist i think is a given
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00016-00004616-00004727 because with this build you're just
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00017-00004728-00004951 going for mastery so you can see my
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00018-00004952-00005279 healing breakdown from last game 28 of
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00019-00005280-00005486 my healing was mastery with gustamus and
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00020-00005487-00005735 then grounding breath i think is good
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00021-00005736-00005854 for healing yourself if you don't want
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00022-00005855-00006070 to go grounding breath you could go
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00023-00006071-00006254 condensed enema sphere but i like
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00024-00006255-00006414 grounding breath and then i think ryzen
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00025-00006415-00006598 7 revival is uh really really good
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00026-00006600-00006887 because it makes it so revival
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00027-00006888-00006991 it reduces the cooldown revival when
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00028-00006992-00007110 you're rising sun kick which is not big
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00029-00007111-00007303 a deal but then revival heals targets 25
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00030-00007304-00007559 percent of the heal over 10 seconds so
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00031-00007559-00007719 and then harm denial and it doesn't
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00032-00007720-00007887 really matter i like using i use expel
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00033-00007888-00008063 hormone cooldown
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00034-00008064-00008231 because expel harm i think is really
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00035-00008232-00009814 good what's up are we gonna be on first
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00036-00009815-00010087 143 percent i'll be able to get the
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00037-00010088-00010295 warlock going on
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00038-00010296-00010367 wow
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00039-00010368-00010510 they step on my trap then they get
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00040-00010511-00010695 knocked in
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00041-00010696-00010871 knocking that druid
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00042-00010872-00011183 there it is there it is there it is
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00043-00011184-00011283 falling over
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00044-00011284-00011583 here so now i have
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00045-00011584-00011935 a 212 percent mastery
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00046-00011936-00012135 and this is why i think
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00047-00012136-00012446 it's gonna be really good next match
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00048-00012447-00012614 like i have so
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00049-00012615-00012894 much healing man i have so much freaking
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00050-00012895-00013094 healing revival everything revival
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00051-00013095-00013286 everything
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00052-00013287-00013543 i'm blind
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00053-00013544-00013719 all right
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00054-00013719-00013822 i feel like they're trying to like bait
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00055-00013823-00013991 my trick so
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00056-00013991-00015255 who's that warrior next where
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00057-00015256-00015447 also gives a ton of healing it does like
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00058-00015447-00015991 a burst of healing around you
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00059-00015991-00016207 dh is good look at the age hit what you
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00060-00016208-00016286 want
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00061-00016287-00016639 live your life my guy
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00062-00016640-00016799 i really don't want to lose again i
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00063-00016800-00016943 really i really really don't want to
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00064-00016944-00017311 lose
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00065-00017312-00017455 some subs
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00066-00017456-00017567 around
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00067-00017568-00017767 the observatory how about the orbs how
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00068-00017768-00018007 about the oil carriers all right ready
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00070-00025256-00025430 what do they want me leading the charge
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00071-00025431-00025583 what if you want me to go in and start
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00072-00025584-00025750 swinging people
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00073-00025751-00025934 i'm a [__] miss weaver if i die
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00074-00025935-00026199 you're all bad
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00075-00026200-00027967 guys
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00076-00027968-00028055 all right
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00077-00028056-00028223 keep blinding me it's all right i can
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00078-00028224-00028662 heal through walls goddamn bubbles
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00079-00028663-00030799 all right
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00080-00030800-00033055 okay
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00081-00033056-00033246 big healing oh my god literally the most
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00082-00033247-00033502 ceiling holy cow
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00083-00033503-00034511 that's ibf so we can't decay
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00084-00034512-00034671 very very important a lot of healing
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00085-00034672-00034790 still have a lot of healing here a lot
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00086-00034791-00034967 of mastery a lot of healing please if he
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00087-00034968-00035199 dies i'm gonna get [__] on please god
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00088-00035200-00035502 please let me keep him alive
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00089-00035503-00035807 thank god thank god okay good healers
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00090-00035808-00035999 weapons of war dodging no you should be
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00091-00036000-00036095 able to
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00092-00036096-00036390 orange has a billion stacks guys yeah i
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00093-00036391-00037862 i don't trying
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00094-00037863-00039311 he's
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00095-00039312-00039615 thank you thank you i don't
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00096-00039616-00039759 all right a lot of healing even though
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00097-00039760-00040167 it seems like we kind of wonder
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00098-00040168-00040455 yep i got you cooking i'm so scared i
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00099-00040456-00040607 revival as well but i think we should be
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00100-00040608-00040695 okay
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00101-00040696-00040990 um i have i have pve gear as well as pvp
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00102-00040991-00041174 gear
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00103-00041175-00041415 that's why i have so much mastery um i
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00104-00041416-00041583 have verse mastery
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00105-00041584-00043135 ring and boots and don't case out
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00106-00043136-00044815 oh man anybody getting positions
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00107-00044816-00046199 here
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00108-00046200-00046410 we're insane guys
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00109-00046411-00047743 [Music]
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00110-00047744-00048311 [Music]
+vHSc_CWCPRI-00111-00048312-00048519 you
+vLtvL_0ePRU-00000-00000000-00000382 foreign
+vLtvL_0ePRU-00001-00000383-00001664 [Music]
+vOdw5oD98z0-00000-00000038-00000356 space mutiny also known as mutiny in
+vOdw5oD98z0-00001-00000357-00000676 space is a 1988 South African space
+vOdw5oD98z0-00002-00000677-00000904 opera action film about a mutiny aboard
+vOdw5oD98z0-00003-00000905-00001103 the generation ship known as the
+vOdw5oD98z0-00004-00001104-00001345 southern Sun the film has since
+vOdw5oD98z0-00005-00001346-00001565 developed a cult following after being
+vOdw5oD98z0-00006-00001566-00001787 featured in a popular episode of the
+vOdw5oD98z0-00007-00001788-00002026 television show Mystery Science Theater
+vOdw5oD98z0-00008-00002027-00002647 3000
+vOdw5oD98z0-00009-00002648-00003148 topic plot
+vOdw5oD98z0-00010-00003149-00003442 the southern Sun is a generation ship or
+vOdw5oD98z0-00011-00003443-00003663 a spacefaring vessel that contains a
+vOdw5oD98z0-00012-00003664-00003886 large number of people whose mission is
+vOdw5oD98z0-00013-00003886-00004206 to colonize a new world its voyage from
+vOdw5oD98z0-00014-00004207-00004411 its original homeworld implied to be
+vOdw5oD98z0-00015-00004412-00004690 earth has lasted thirteen generations so
+vOdw5oD98z0-00016-00004691-00004897 many of its inhabitants have been born
+vOdw5oD98z0-00017-00004898-00005064 and will die without ever setting foot
+vOdw5oD98z0-00018-00005065-00005404 on solid ground this does not please the
+vOdw5oD98z0-00019-00005405-00005718 antagonist Elijah Calgon John Philip Law
+vOdw5oD98z0-00020-00005719-00005971 who conspires with the Pirates infesting
+vOdw5oD98z0-00021-00005972-00006220 the nearby Corona borealis system and
+vOdw5oD98z0-00022-00006221-00006411 the ship's chief engineer McPherson
+vOdw5oD98z0-00023-00006412-00006540 James Ryan
+vOdw5oD98z0-00024-00006541-00006816 Calgon hatches a plot to disrupt the
+vOdw5oD98z0-00025-00006817-00007045 southern sun's navigation systems and
+vOdw5oD98z0-00026-00007045-00007255 use the enforcers the ship's police
+vOdw5oD98z0-00027-00007256-00007498 force to hijack the ship and direct it
+vOdw5oD98z0-00028-00007498-00007788 towards this system at this point the
+vOdw5oD98z0-00029-00007789-00007981 inhabitants of the Southern Sun will
+vOdw5oD98z0-00030-00007981-00008160 have no choice but to accept his
+vOdw5oD98z0-00031-00008161-00008418 generosity
+vOdw5oD98z0-00032-00008419-00008701 Calgon sabotage is a key part of the
+vOdw5oD98z0-00033-00008702-00008916 ship just as an important professor's
+vOdw5oD98z0-00034-00008917-00009210 shuttle is on a landing trajectory the
+vOdw5oD98z0-00035-00009211-00009457 loss of guidance control causes the ship
+vOdw5oD98z0-00036-00009458-00009532 to explode
+vOdw5oD98z0-00037-00009533-00009849 the shuttles pilot Dave Ryder red-brown
+vOdw5oD98z0-00038-00009850-00010110 is able to escape but the professor dies
+vOdw5oD98z0-00039-00010111-00010231 in the explosion
+vOdw5oD98z0-00040-00010232-00010501 this sabotage seals off the flight deck
+vOdw5oD98z0-00041-00010502-00010762 for a number of weeks which gives Calgon
+vOdw5oD98z0-00042-00010763-00010945 the opportunity to attempt to wrest
+vOdw5oD98z0-00043-00010946-00011256 control with the enforcers in his hand
+vOdw5oD98z0-00044-00011257-00011410 and with the flight deck out of
+vOdw5oD98z0-00045-00011411-00011570 commission he holds the entire
+vOdw5oD98z0-00046-00011571-00011859 population of the Southern Sun hostage
+vOdw5oD98z0-00047-00011860-00012138 commander Janssen Cameron Mitchell and
+vOdw5oD98z0-00048-00012139-00012381 Captain Devers enlist riders assistance
+vOdw5oD98z0-00049-00012382-00012606 aided begrudgingly by Jansen's daughter
+vOdw5oD98z0-00050-00012607-00012903 dr. Lee Janssen Cisse Cameron to regain
+vOdw5oD98z0-00051-00012904-00013372 control of the ship
+vOdw5oD98z0-00052-00013374-00013537 you
+vOdw5oD98z0-00053-00013538-00014425 topic cast red brown as Dave Ryder John
+vOdw5oD98z0-00054-00014426-00014647 Philip law is flight commander Elisha
+vOdw5oD98z0-00055-00014647-00014983 Calgon Cameron Mitchell as commander
+vOdw5oD98z0-00056-00014984-00015379 Alex Janssen Cisse Cameron as dr. Lee
+vOdw5oD98z0-00057-00015380-00015706 Jansen James Ryan as chief engineer
+vOdw5oD98z0-00058-00015707-00016090 McPherson Graham Clark as Captain Scott
+vOdw5oD98z0-00059-00016091-00016485 Devers Billy second as Lieutenant Lemont
+vOdw5oD98z0-00060-00016486-00017275 Gary D Sweeney is Ranger
+vOdw5oD98z0-00061-00017276-00017805 topic production
+vOdw5oD98z0-00062-00017806-00018136 space mutiny stars Reb Brown Cisse
+vOdw5oD98z0-00063-00018137-00018369 Cameron Cameron Mitchell and John Philip
+vOdw5oD98z0-00064-00018370-00018694 Law the spaceship effects were lifted
+vOdw5oD98z0-00065-00018695-00018872 wholly from the original Battlestar
+vOdw5oD98z0-00066-00018873-00019161 Galactica TV series the director of
+vOdw5oD98z0-00067-00019162-00019386 space mutiny has stated on his website
+vOdw5oD98z0-00068-00019387-00019608 that he was called away from set due to
+vOdw5oD98z0-00069-00019609-00019806 a death in the family before filming
+vOdw5oD98z0-00070-00019807-00020106 began and delegated directing duties to
+vOdw5oD98z0-00071-00020107-00020425 the assistant director contractually he
+vOdw5oD98z0-00072-00020426-00020637 was apparently unable to get an Alan
+vOdw5oD98z0-00073-00020638-00020922 Smithee credit some commentators began
+vOdw5oD98z0-00074-00020923-00021127 to compile rather large lists of
+vOdw5oD98z0-00075-00021128-00021502 continuity errors the engineering areas
+vOdw5oD98z0-00076-00021503-00021727 of the ship were filmed in an industrial
+vOdw5oD98z0-00077-00021728-00021961 building with unrested brick walls
+vOdw5oD98z0-00078-00021962-00022225 windows and concrete floors while the
+vOdw5oD98z0-00079-00022226-00022425 bridge looks remarkably like a vintage
+vOdw5oD98z0-00080-00022426-00022767 1980s corporate office nan shag neutral
+vOdw5oD98z0-00081-00022768-00022999 carpeting white particle board desks
+vOdw5oD98z0-00082-00023000-00023278 computers with 16 color ANSI displays
+vOdw5oD98z0-00083-00023279-00023500 including one with a five and a quarter
+vOdw5oD98z0-00084-00023501-00023758 inch floppy disk drive as an ID card
+vOdw5oD98z0-00085-00023759-00024133 reader kalgan's torture chamber
+vOdw5oD98z0-00086-00024134-00024393 set features contemporary computer
+vOdw5oD98z0-00087-00024394-00024636 keyboards inexplicably mounted on the
+vOdw5oD98z0-00088-00024637-00024894 walls the characters tend to wear the
+vOdw5oD98z0-00089-00024895-00025114 silver or white LeMay outfits that were
+vOdw5oD98z0-00090-00025115-00025333 common to science fiction futurist
+vOdw5oD98z0-00091-00025334-00025530 productions of the time while many of
+vOdw5oD98z0-00092-00025531-00025711 the female characters wear spandex
+vOdw5oD98z0-00093-00025712-00026070 leotards the film's notable flaws
+vOdw5oD98z0-00094-00026072-00026332 provided substantial material for later
+vOdw5oD98z0-00095-00026333-00026629 spoofing on Mystery Science Theater 3000
+vOdw5oD98z0-00096-00026630-00026848 an eccentric cinema described it as
+vOdw5oD98z0-00097-00026849-00027171 quite possibly the worst science fiction
+vOdw5oD98z0-00098-00027172-00027537 space adventure film made in English
+vOdw5oD98z0-00099-00027538-00027820 the engineering deck interiors includes
+vOdw5oD98z0-00100-00027820-00028077 several shots of Windows which shows sky
+vOdw5oD98z0-00101-00028078-00028446 beyond in one scene the camera passes by
+vOdw5oD98z0-00102-00028447-00028633 a bridge officer Lieutenant Lemont
+vOdw5oD98z0-00103-00028633-00028879 working at her computer console as an
+vOdw5oD98z0-00104-00028880-00029092 extra despite having been killed in the
+vOdw5oD98z0-00105-00029093-00029449 previous scene one chase scene involves
+vOdw5oD98z0-00106-00029450-00029718 slow moving enforcer vehicles strongly
+vOdw5oD98z0-00107-00029719-00029961 resembling bowling alley floor polishers
+vOdw5oD98z0-00108-00029962-00030117 and the collision of two of these
+vOdw5oD98z0-00109-00030118-00030312 vehicles produces an extraordinary
+vOdw5oD98z0-00110-00030313-00030679 explosion for such small craft the scene
+vOdw5oD98z0-00111-00030680-00030880 is further undermined by the intense
+vOdw5oD98z0-00112-00030881-00031136 sunlight streaming into the corridor
+vOdw5oD98z0-00113-00031137-00031429 John Philip Law who appeared in this
+vOdw5oD98z0-00114-00031430-00031695 movie as the villain Elijah Calgon also
+vOdw5oD98z0-00115-00031696-00031962 starred in the 1968 Italian film
+vOdw5oD98z0-00116-00031963-00032265 diabolic coincidentally diabolic was
+vOdw5oD98z0-00117-00032266-00032487 also featured as the series finale on
+vOdw5oD98z0-00118-00032488-00032770 Mystery Science Theater 3000 s original
+vOdw5oD98z0-00119-00032771-00033061 run Cameron Mitchell played commander
+vOdw5oD98z0-00120-00033062-00033276 Janssen along with his daughter Camille
+vOdw5oD98z0-00121-00033277-00033442 Mitchell who provided the voice for
+vOdw5oD98z0-00122-00033443-00033711 Jinora the lead bellerian and his son
+vOdw5oD98z0-00123-00033712-00033936 chip Mitchell played Blake a mustachioed
+vOdw5oD98z0-00124-00033937-00034293 member of kalgan's crew the song that
+vOdw5oD98z0-00125-00034294-00034543 plays over the end credits edge of a
+vOdw5oD98z0-00126-00034544-00035346 dream is performed by Steven McClintock
+vOdw5oD98z0-00127-00035347-00036081 topic Mystery Science Theater 3000
+vOdw5oD98z0-00128-00036082-00036288 nine years after its initial release
+vOdw5oD98z0-00129-00036289-00036611 space mutiny was lampooned in a november
+vOdw5oD98z0-00130-00036612-00036951 1997 episode of movie mocking television
+vOdw5oD98z0-00131-00036952-00037181 comedy series Mystery Science Theater
+vOdw5oD98z0-00132-00037182-00037653 3000 mst3k the movies editing flaws
+vOdw5oD98z0-00133-00037654-00037896 stilted dialogue and poor production
+vOdw5oD98z0-00134-00037897-00038232 lent itself well to the mst3k treatment
+vOdw5oD98z0-00135-00038233-00038424 and it has repeatedly proved to be one
+vOdw5oD98z0-00136-00038425-00038688 of the most popular episodes released as
+vOdw5oD98z0-00137-00038689-00039081 part of the mst3k DVD collection vol 4
+vOdw5oD98z0-00138-00039082-00039381 from Rhino entertainment it was also
+vOdw5oD98z0-00139-00039382-00039701 chosen by fans to appear in the mst3k
+vOdw5oD98z0-00140-00039702-00040113 2016 Turkey Day marathon many of the
+vOdw5oD98z0-00141-00040114-00040341 scenes involving characters being thrown
+vOdw5oD98z0-00142-00040342-00040536 to their deaths over guardrails in the
+vOdw5oD98z0-00143-00040537-00040911 interior were coined as railing Kills by
+vOdw5oD98z0-00144-00040912-00041187 Mike in the BOTS and inspired Tom servo
+vOdw5oD98z0-00145-00041188-00041382 to install railings all over the
+vOdw5oD98z0-00146-00041383-00041709 satellite of love Mike and the bots also
+vOdw5oD98z0-00147-00041710-00041898 mocked the fact that a character killed
+vOdw5oD98z0-00148-00041899-00042129 on screen shows up prominently as an
+vOdw5oD98z0-00149-00042130-00042408 extra in later scenes throughout the
+vOdw5oD98z0-00150-00042409-00042630 film the appearances of the characters
+vOdw5oD98z0-00151-00042631-00042897 were sources of ridicule Dave Ryder the
+vOdw5oD98z0-00152-00042898-00043140 muscular protagonist is referred to by
+vOdw5oD98z0-00153-00043141-00043392 many ridiculous names including but not
+vOdw5oD98z0-00154-00043393-00043809 limited to slab bulkhead bolt van der
+vOdw5oD98z0-00155-00043810-00044243 huge hack blow fist fridge large meat
+vOdw5oD98z0-00156-00044244-00044814 Big Mac large huge buff drink lots stomp
+vOdw5oD98z0-00157-00044815-00045279 beef knob and punch speed chunk Rider is
+vOdw5oD98z0-00158-00045280-00045507 also compared to Swedish actor Dolph
+vOdw5oD98z0-00159-00045508-00045783 Lundgren writers love interest Lee
+vOdw5oD98z0-00160-00045784-00046011 Jansen who in the movie appears to be
+vOdw5oD98z0-00161-00046012-00046221 much older than him despite being six
+vOdw5oD98z0-00162-00046222-00046440 years younger is referred to as Lee's
+vOdw5oD98z0-00163-00046441-00046494 father
+vOdw5oD98z0-00164-00046495-00046803 commander Jansen s grandma daughter
+vOdw5oD98z0-00165-00046804-00047082 commander Jansen as compared to Santa
+vOdw5oD98z0-00166-00047083-00047205 Claus and to God
+vOdw5oD98z0-00167-00047206-00047394 due to his white hair and beard while
+vOdw5oD98z0-00168-00047395-00047616 Captain Devers is compared to sting and
+vOdw5oD98z0-00169-00047617-00047838 Calgon as noted for his resemblance to
+vOdw5oD98z0-00170-00047839-00047942 Pat Riley
+vOdw5oD98z0-00171-00047943-00048234 Calgon receives additional mockery for
+vOdw5oD98z0-00172-00048235-00048453 the similarity of his name to the Calgon
+vOdw5oD98z0-00173-00048454-00048661 home maintenance brand
+vOdw5oD98z0-00174-00048662-00048895 some ten minutes of footage were cut
+vOdw5oD98z0-00175-00048896-00049242 from space mutiny for its use on mst3k
+vOdw5oD98z0-00176-00049243-00049522 much of the edited footage featured
+vOdw5oD98z0-00177-00049523-00049732 space battle scenes taken from the
+vOdw5oD98z0-00178-00049733-00049990 original television series of Battlestar
+vOdw5oD98z0-00179-00049991-00050263 Galactica the version of the film
+vOdw5oD98z0-00180-00050264-00050494 featured in the episode was in essence
+vOdw5oD98z0-00181-00050495-00050704 consistent with the full version the
+vOdw5oD98z0-00182-00050705-00050932 discontinuities apparent in the episode
+vOdw5oD98z0-00183-00050933-00051291 were all present in the 1988 film Mike
+vOdw5oD98z0-00184-00051292-00051538 Nelson and the robots did not comment on
+vOdw5oD98z0-00185-00051539-00051813 the reused Battlestar Galactica footage
+vOdw5oD98z0-00186-00051814-00052108 series writer Paul Chaplin acknowledged
+vOdw5oD98z0-00187-00052109-00052317 this omission but did not provide an
+vOdw5oD98z0-00188-00052319-00052678 explanation On June 14th 2018 the film
+vOdw5oD98z0-00189-00052679-00052876 was treated to an all-new riffing by
+vOdw5oD98z0-00190-00052877-00053091 Nelson Corbett and Murphy and one of
+vOdw5oD98z0-00191-00053092-00053434 their RiffTrax live shows broadcast to
+vOdw5oD98z0-00192-00053435-00053665 theaters via satellite this time for the
+vOdw5oD98z0-00193-00053666-00054019 entire film a rebroadcast was presented
+vOdw5oD98z0-00194-00054020-00054322 on June 19
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00000-00000032-00000238 all right so briefly want to discuss
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00001-00000239-00000455 some of earth's geological activity
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00002-00000456-00000686 um and this we will be able to use as a
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00003-00000687-00000815 basis for looking at
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00004-00000816-00001135 geological activity on other planets
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00005-00001136-00001350 so this idea all comes down to that idea
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00006-00001351-00001454 of convection
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00007-00001455-00001687 so like i said before convection is a
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00008-00001688-00001951 basically a process of heat transfer
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00009-00001952-00002191 and the example you're most familiar
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00010-00002192-00002383 with is boiling a pot of water
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00011-00002384-00002734 where heat near the bottom of the pot is
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00012-00002735-00002918 transferred to the water and then that
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00013-00002919-00003015 hot material
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00014-00003016-00003295 rises it cools at the top where it's
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00015-00003296-00003447 losing heat to the air
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00016-00003447-00003727 and then sinks that cooler material then
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00017-00003728-00003790 sinks
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00018-00003792-00004070 and then that cycle repeats right and so
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00019-00004071-00004215 this process of convection
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00020-00004216-00004559 is a process of moving heat by moving
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00021-00004560-00004879 material in a fluid and this is
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00022-00004880-00005111 important not only to generating the
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00023-00005112-00005302 magnetic field like we just saw
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00024-00005303-00005599 but also to geological activity and also
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00025-00005600-00005670 weather
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00026-00005671-00005838 so this idea of convection is linked to
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00027-00005839-00006031 all of those so you can really think of
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00028-00006032-00006302 the earth as just a system for
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00029-00006303-00006559 redistributing heat and energy and
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00030-00006559-00006703 that's what's driving
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00031-00006704-00006942 most of the processes that we notice so
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00032-00006943-00007087 convection is connected to plate
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00033-00007088-00007246 tectonics because
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00034-00007247-00007463 essentially what we have on earth are
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00035-00007464-00007646 separate tectonic plates
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00036-00007647-00007878 and they are essentially carried on top
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00037-00007879-00008087 of these convective cells
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00038-00008088-00008383 that get set up in the earth's mantle
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00039-00008384-00008463 and so
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00040-00008464-00008623 you can imagine if you have a pot of
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00041-00008624-00008846 boiling water and you drop like
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00042-00008847-00008999 i don't know one of those little shell
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00043-00009000-00009199 noodles or macaroni maybe
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00044-00009200-00009463 then it you'll see it moving in a way
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00045-00009464-00009599 that will tell you about the
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00046-00009600-00009814 organization of the convective cells
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00047-00009815-00010142 in the pot of water underneath it okay
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00048-00010143-00010383 so our tectonic plates are like the
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00049-00010384-00010583 macaroni but maybe it's better to say
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00050-00010584-00010774 i don't know lasagna sheets floating
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00051-00010775-00010919 around the top
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00052-00010920-00011238 carried around by these convective cells
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00053-00011239-00011583 so here's an image of all the plates on
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00054-00011584-00011783 the earth the plate boundaries are
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00055-00011784-00011967 denoted by
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00056-00011968-00012223 black and blue lines here and the ring
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00057-00012224-00012367 of fire
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00058-00012368-00012678 around the pacific plate is outlined
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00059-00012679-00012751 here in red
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00060-00012752-00012983 all those little red triangles are
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00061-00012984-00013094 volcanoes
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00062-00013095-00013294 so here's our friends the cascade
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00063-00013295-00013438 volcanoes
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00064-00013440-00013615 and you'll notice that they basically
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00065-00013616-00013807 line up along the
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00066-00013808-00014038 outside of these plate boundaries this
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00067-00014040-00014215 is a particularly active
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00068-00014216-00014463 set of plate boundaries because of the
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00069-00014463-00014519 nature
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00070-00014519-00014735 of what these plates are doing as they
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00071-00014736-00014855 interact with each other
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00072-00014856-00015007 so there's many ways that the plates can
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00073-00015008-00015271 interact i'll show you a few examples
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00074-00015272-00015471 you'll also notice that there's some
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00075-00015472-00015630 volcanoes that are not at a plate
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00076-00015631-00015703 boundary
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00077-00015704-00016030 and these are caused by a different
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00078-00016031-00016511 a different process than plate tectonics
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00079-00016512-00016735 all right so we have all these plates so
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00080-00016736-00016894 how are they interacting with each other
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00081-00016895-00017079 and what kinds of geological activity
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00082-00017080-00017158 results
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00083-00017159-00017479 from those interactions the two that
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00084-00017480-00017583 your book
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00085-00017584-00017839 pulls out as being the most important
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00086-00017840-00017927 are riffs
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00087-00017928-00018167 and subduction zones so a rift is
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00088-00018168-00018358 anywhere where two plates are pulling
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00089-00018359-00018399 apart
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00090-00018400-00018703 from each other this can occur in
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00091-00018704-00018943 the ocean in which it's called seafloor
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00092-00018944-00019047 spreading
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00093-00019048-00019358 and the seafloor spreading the the new
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00094-00019359-00019686 land that's generated by that is
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00095-00019687-00019830 it's a really good way to figure out
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00096-00019831-00019991 what earth's magnetic field was like in
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00097-00019992-00020094 the past
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00098-00020095-00020439 because the as the rock is um
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00099-00020440-00020735 you know generated it's molten and any
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00100-00020736-00020830 little bits of
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00101-00020831-00021143 um magnetic material in that rock
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00102-00021144-00021311 can line up with the earth's magnetic
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00103-00021312-00021567 field and so we can actually go and look
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00104-00021568-00021719 at the rocks from
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00105-00021720-00022030 sub subfloor spreading areas
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00106-00022031-00022303 and see the patterns of the magnetic
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00107-00022304-00022478 field and how it's flipped
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00108-00022479-00022767 its north and south pole over time so
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00109-00022768-00022863 that's pretty cool
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00110-00022864-00023103 and it tells us that based on the
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00111-00023104-00023199 frequency that
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00112-00023200-00023375 the magnetic field flips we're kind of
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00113-00023376-00023567 overdue for a flip and it could happen
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00114-00023568-00023719 any time
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00115-00023720-00023935 okay so that's riffs rifts can also
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00116-00023936-00024022 occur
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00117-00024023-00024263 on continents and there's one in
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00118-00024264-00024471 particular in africa
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00119-00024472-00024814 that is very large and other than that
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00120-00024815-00024950 they're mostly in the ocean
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00121-00024951-00025271 but you know probably simply because
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00122-00025272-00025542 most diverse surfaces covered in ocean
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00123-00025543-00025655 all right the other
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00124-00025656-00025790 type of plate boundary that's really
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00125-00025791-00025974 important is called subduction
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00126-00025975-00026270 and that's when one plate basically gets
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00127-00026272-00026358 uh
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00128-00026360-00026567 well subducted pressed underneath
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00129-00026568-00026679 another plate
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00130-00026680-00026958 and so the plate going underneath is
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00131-00026960-00027031 eventually
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00132-00027032-00027262 you know recycled into the rock of the
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00133-00027263-00027367 mantle
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00134-00027368-00027751 and this can also cause some
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00135-00027752-00028223 mountain formation volcanic activity etc
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00136-00028224-00028502 okay the last type of activity that's
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00137-00028504-00028574 not
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00138-00028575-00028855 uh connected to rifts or subduction but
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00139-00028856-00028974 still connected to
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00140-00028975-00029351 what i would call volcanism is hot spots
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00141-00029352-00029543 so a hot spot is basically when you have
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00142-00029544-00029687 some sort of
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00143-00029688-00029902 plume of material that rises from the
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00144-00029904-00029999 mantle
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00145-00030000-00030287 um higher so it's like an upwelling
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00146-00030288-00030431 region i guess i would say
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00147-00030432-00030735 of molten material and as the
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00148-00030736-00031118 as a plate moves over that hot spot
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00149-00031119-00031511 little volcanoes will be generated
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00150-00031512-00031735 as that hot spot kind of sends up new
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00151-00031736-00031855 plumes
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00152-00031856-00032079 so the hawaiian islands are a really
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00153-00032080-00032190 good example
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00154-00032191-00032511 of some land generated by
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00155-00032512-00032799 a hot spot so as the plate moves along
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00156-00032800-00032895 the surface
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00157-00032896-00033135 um the hot spot stays in the same place
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00158-00033136-00033271 but you'll get the chain
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00159-00033272-00033527 of islands being generated as it pushes
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00160-00033528-00033615 up through
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00161-00033616-00033911 the plate moving over it okay so the
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00162-00033912-00034031 different plate boundaries
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00163-00034032-00034279 generate different uh geological
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00164-00034280-00034415 features and so
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00165-00034416-00034727 here's an example of a subduction zone
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00166-00034728-00035046 from an oceanic plate subducting
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00167-00035047-00035318 under a continental plate and this
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00168-00035319-00035543 particular type of subduction zone is
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00169-00035544-00035695 really familiar because this is the one
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00170-00035696-00035743 that has
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00171-00035744-00035999 produced all the cascade volcanoes so
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00172-00036000-00036159 here's matt jefferson
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00173-00036160-00036518 one of my favorite cascade volcanoes
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00174-00036519-00036902 and this um you know plate boundary
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00175-00036903-00037207 also builds a lot of tension so right
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00176-00037208-00037390 now this um what we call the juan de
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00177-00037391-00037495 fuca plate
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00178-00037496-00037839 is subducting underneath the uh pacific
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00179-00037840-00037951 continental plate
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00180-00037952-00038079 i don't know if that's the name of that
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00181-00038080-00038327 plate but the the subduction zone is
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00182-00038328-00038439 called the wandifuka
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00183-00038440-00038815 zone and it's basically kind of
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00184-00038816-00038999 like if you have two materials that
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00185-00039000-00039159 you're trying to uh
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00186-00039160-00039343 slide past each other but they're locked
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00187-00039344-00039487 up because of friction
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00188-00039488-00039679 then they build more and more tension
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00189-00039680-00039830 and then when they finally do slip it's
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00190-00039831-00039990 going to be a really violent event
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00191-00039991-00040215 so you've probably heard of the you know
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00192-00040216-00040311 the big one
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00193-00040312-00040495 the large earthquake that's projected to
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00194-00040496-00040655 happen at some point
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00195-00040656-00040967 because of this uh subduction zone so
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00196-00040968-00041118 these boundaries are really
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00197-00041119-00041279 consequential not just for these
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00198-00041280-00041374 mountain building
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00199-00041375-00041583 you know volcanoes but also because of
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00200-00041584-00041774 the potential earthquakes that they can
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00201-00041775-00041974 generate
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00202-00041975-00042095 okay another one that you're probably
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00203-00042096-00042271 familiar with is a strike slip fault
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00204-00042272-00042399 this is where two plates
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00205-00042400-00042799 uh rub against each other like this so
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00206-00042800-00043015 this is the san andreas fault in
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00207-00043016-00043118 california
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00208-00043119-00043407 and it's a you know one of the most
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00209-00043408-00043671 local examples of a strike slip fault
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00210-00043672-00043958 so again not generating new land per se
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00211-00043959-00044095 but generating a lot of
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00212-00044096-00044399 earthquake activity
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00213-00044400-00044630 okay and then one of my favorites is
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00214-00044631-00044839 continental subduction
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00215-00044840-00045071 which can generate mountains as it sort
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00216-00045072-00045295 of buckles and folds the land
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00217-00045296-00045574 um from the plate that's going up right
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00218-00045575-00045711 and a good example
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00219-00045712-00045958 of a continental subduction zone is the
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00220-00045959-00046087 rocky mountains
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00221-00046088-00046271 i'm from colorado so this image of the
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00222-00046272-00046415 front range mountains is something that
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00223-00046416-00046574 i'm quite familiar with
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00224-00046575-00046935 that's why it's one of my favorites
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00225-00046936-00047143 all right so that's just a few examples
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00226-00047144-00047279 there's lots of other ways that plates
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00227-00047280-00047415 can move and they all make
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00228-00047416-00047799 different types of features
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00229-00047800-00047999 and in general when the mountains are
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00230-00048000-00048151 made they're not
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00231-00048152-00048383 in the shapes that they are now the
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00232-00048384-00048502 process of erosion
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00233-00048503-00048671 is kind of the counterpart to our
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00234-00048672-00048839 geological activity
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00235-00048840-00049102 right the process of erosion wears away
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00236-00049103-00049271 the rock after it's formed
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00237-00049272-00049574 by wind water and ice so this
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00238-00049575-00049758 is kind of the way that we complete the
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00239-00049759-00049974 entire
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00240-00049975-00050535 cycle of geological activity
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00241-00050536-00050855 okay so just to sum up these first
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00242-00050856-00051151 few sections which of these following
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00243-00051152-00051311 would be good evidence that the earth's
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00244-00051312-00051423 interior is not
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00245-00051424-00051711 rigid so plate tectonics are good
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00246-00051712-00051854 evidence that the earth's interior is
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00247-00051855-00052070 not rigid right because
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00248-00052071-00052287 there has to be some motion in order to
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00249-00052288-00052487 set up those convective cells
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00250-00052488-00052735 that the plates can be carried on top of
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00251-00052736-00052894 so that's not going to happen if the
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00252-00052895-00053015 planet is completely
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00253-00053016-00053271 a rigid solid body and then the
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00254-00053272-00053415 existence of the magnetic field
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00255-00053416-00053638 is also good evidence because we need
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00256-00053639-00053823 some sort of
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00257-00053824-00054030 metallic material in motion in order to
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00258-00054032-00054191 generate that magnetic field
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00259-00054191-00054535 and so the liquid outer core
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00260-00054536-00054782 is not rigid it's fluid and that's
+vOMVOnHQl6A-00261-00054783-00055151 what's generating our field
+vQnA5VSeqBM-00000-00001296-00001566 fast as boy i don't think you have
+vQnA5VSeqBM-00001-00001567-00001639 any idea
+vQnA5VSeqBM-00002-00001639-00002071 how fast i really am
+vQnA5VSeqBM-00004-00005684-00006119 wow
+vQnA5VSeqBM-00005-00006120-00006459 [Music]
+vQnA5VSeqBM-00006-00006459-00006759 oh
+vRcgj__5nnU-00000-00000006-00000311 just um but the first thing is
+vRcgj__5nnU-00001-00000312-00000521 um tomorrow night
+vRcgj__5nnU-00002-00000522-00000923 um on Wednesday not whatever day that is
+vRcgj__5nnU-00003-00000924-00001133 um I got this from somebody else and
+vRcgj__5nnU-00004-00001134-00001331 they haven't had them so I'm going to
+vRcgj__5nnU-00005-00001332-00001511 say uh there is a data visualization
+vRcgj__5nnU-00006-00001512-00001630 talk
+vRcgj__5nnU-00007-00001632-00001798 um which might be really interesting for
+vRcgj__5nnU-00008-00001800-00002014 you uh and it's in the start phase in
+vRcgj__5nnU-00009-00002016-00002231 the second floor of CES
+vRcgj__5nnU-00010-00002232-00002399 um so you should think about checking it
+vRcgj__5nnU-00011-00002400-00002645 out uh how many people here are data
+vRcgj__5nnU-00012-00002646-00002800 science majors
+vRcgj__5nnU-00013-00002801-00002963 okay so just remember there's an
+vRcgj__5nnU-00014-00002964-00003233 election uh and you should vote I
+vRcgj__5nnU-00015-00003234-00003449 presume it's open to data science Majors
+vRcgj__5nnU-00016-00003450-00003622 I don't know about minors and we have it
+vRcgj__5nnU-00017-00003623-00003749 in here
+vRcgj__5nnU-00018-00003750-00004025 I have no idea but uh they asked me to
+vRcgj__5nnU-00019-00004026-00004288 uh to pitch this and just let you know
+vRcgj__5nnU-00020-00004289-00004547 that uh the election is is going on and
+vRcgj__5nnU-00021-00004548-00004936 you should go and vote
+vRcgj__5nnU-00022-00004937-00005320 um project two has been released today
+vRcgj__5nnU-00023-00005321-00005572 um and it should be there like right
+vRcgj__5nnU-00024-00005573-00005759 this second and the grade scope should
+vRcgj__5nnU-00025-00005760-00005981 have been opened it has two checkpoints
+vRcgj__5nnU-00026-00005982-00006197 on like the last one uh which only had
+vRcgj__5nnU-00027-00006198-00006400 one so this is two checkpoints those are
+vRcgj__5nnU-00028-00006401-00006563 the deadlines they are also in the
+vRcgj__5nnU-00029-00006564-00006767 syllabus however
+vRcgj__5nnU-00030-00006768-00006964 oh I didn't fix it here
+vRcgj__5nnU-00031-00006965-00007270 um either syllabus and here but correct
+vRcgj__5nnU-00032-00007272-00007487 in the grade scope and in the actual
+vRcgj__5nnU-00033-00007488-00007678 project the first Bitcoin is actually
+vRcgj__5nnU-00034-00007679-00007925 doing April 7th it's a Friday and I put
+vRcgj__5nnU-00035-00007926-00008195 in the third day of my accent so uh it's
+vRcgj__5nnU-00036-00008196-00008471 a Friday of that week which is
+vRcgj__5nnU-00037-00008472-00008641 next week
+vRcgj__5nnU-00038-00008642-00008939 I didn't know what David said
+vRcgj__5nnU-00039-00008940-00009274 um so that's uh so it's just a typo here
+vRcgj__5nnU-00040-00009275-00009521 like I say great token solver correct
+vRcgj__5nnU-00041-00009522-00009827 and I'll update this all this uh and the
+vRcgj__5nnU-00042-00009828-00010060 next time I remind you uh in these
+vRcgj__5nnU-00043-00010061-00010324 slides uh the midterm is still having
+vRcgj__5nnU-00044-00010325-00010649 some great challenges uh look at it this
+vRcgj__5nnU-00045-00010650-00010810 way the reason I haven't released yet is
+vRcgj__5nnU-00046-00010811-00010883 because
+vRcgj__5nnU-00047-00010884-00011045 um when they were grading when people
+vRcgj__5nnU-00048-00011046-00011242 were grading it grading it they didn't
+vRcgj__5nnU-00049-00011243-00011387 get partial credit for one of their
+vRcgj__5nnU-00050-00011388-00011560 questions and I asked them to review it
+vRcgj__5nnU-00051-00011561-00011710 and give partial credit for that
+vRcgj__5nnU-00052-00011711-00011951 question so it should help some of you
+vRcgj__5nnU-00053-00011952-00012214 so look at it as a positive that the
+vRcgj__5nnU-00054-00012215-00012424 grades might go on uh they are almost
+vRcgj__5nnU-00055-00012425-00012509 done
+vRcgj__5nnU-00056-00012510-00012719 um and I think it was just cross wires
+vRcgj__5nnU-00057-00012720-00013013 that uh already
+vRcgj__5nnU-00058-00013013-00013325 all right but moving on to p-value okay
+vRcgj__5nnU-00059-00013326-00013516 so what this is kind of one of the most
+vRcgj__5nnU-00060-00013518-00013757 important components of this class is
+vRcgj__5nnU-00061-00013758-00013979 the V value so we're going to touch on
+vRcgj__5nnU-00062-00013980-00014201 it again uh in kind of a different way
+vRcgj__5nnU-00063-00014202-00014543 hopefully it will help clarify it but
+vRcgj__5nnU-00064-00014544-00014783 this is just the definition again okay
+vRcgj__5nnU-00065-00014784-00015035 you should have seen this slide before
+vRcgj__5nnU-00066-00015036-00015335 um the p-value is the chance it's true
+vRcgj__5nnU-00067-00015336-00015479 that they're tested they think it's
+vRcgj__5nnU-00068-00015480-00015653 equal to the value that was observed in
+vRcgj__5nnU-00069-00015654-00015838 the data or it's even further in the
+vRcgj__5nnU-00070-00015840-00015994 direction of the alternative so maybe
+vRcgj__5nnU-00071-00015995-00016300 this is how how you know whether
+vRcgj__5nnU-00072-00016301-00016499 um you know your normal hypothesis
+vRcgj__5nnU-00073-00016500-00016769 fracture your alternative hypnosis
+vRcgj__5nnU-00074-00016770-00017050 so but another way
+vRcgj__5nnU-00075-00017051-00017141 um
+vRcgj__5nnU-00076-00017142-00017350 the p-value tells you how often you
+vRcgj__5nnU-00077-00017351-00017543 would expect to see a test statistic at
+vRcgj__5nnU-00078-00017544-00017765 an extreme or more extreme than the one
+vRcgj__5nnU-00079-00017766-00018035 calculated by your student control pests
+vRcgj__5nnU-00080-00018036-00018089 um
+vRcgj__5nnU-00081-00018090-00018407 infinite says oh that type is true the P
+vRcgj__5nnU-00082-00018408-00018599 value is smaller as the test statistic
+vRcgj__5nnU-00083-00018600-00018772 calculated from negative is further away
+vRcgj__5nnU-00084-00018773-00019003 from the range of communities
+vRcgj__5nnU-00085-00019004-00019277 they're very long-winded but I think
+vRcgj__5nnU-00086-00019278-00019517 it's it's kind of clear or I thought it
+vRcgj__5nnU-00087-00019518-00019697 was clear so hopefully it helps you as
+vRcgj__5nnU-00088-00019698-00019894 well
+vRcgj__5nnU-00089-00019895-00020080 thank you
+vRcgj__5nnU-00090-00020081-00020417 but we're also going to have pictures
+vRcgj__5nnU-00091-00020418-00020764 all right so when we're trying to get to
+vRcgj__5nnU-00092-00020765-00020944 this right what we do is we set up the
+vRcgj__5nnU-00093-00020945-00021143 experiment we first figure out about our
+vRcgj__5nnU-00094-00021144-00021413 null hypothesis is and remember the null
+vRcgj__5nnU-00095-00021414-00021593 hypothesis is something we can test
+vRcgj__5nnU-00096-00021594-00021875 which is often not what we expect to be
+vRcgj__5nnU-00097-00021876-00022157 true okay so the null hypothesis
+vRcgj__5nnU-00098-00022158-00022361 whatever your body Instinct says it's
+vRcgj__5nnU-00099-00022362-00022571 the thing that you can actually test
+vRcgj__5nnU-00100-00022572-00022733 um whereas the alternative is the
+vRcgj__5nnU-00101-00022734-00022978 opposite and usually the opposite you
+vRcgj__5nnU-00102-00022979-00023464 can't text okay not always but usually
+vRcgj__5nnU-00103-00023465-00023650 um and then what values of p mean the
+vRcgj__5nnU-00104-00023651-00023849 alternative hypothesis is true that's
+vRcgj__5nnU-00105-00023850-00024071 what you set that key cut off beforehand
+vRcgj__5nnU-00106-00024072-00024371 to say okay it's in you know this range
+vRcgj__5nnU-00107-00024372-00024503 then we're going to say it's the
+vRcgj__5nnU-00108-00024504-00024677 alternative or it's going to be it's not
+vRcgj__5nnU-00109-00024678-00025019 in that range and a seal uh
+vRcgj__5nnU-00110-00025020-00025264 all right so here's my picture so
+vRcgj__5nnU-00111-00025265-00025535 imagine that this is our like number
+vRcgj__5nnU-00112-00025536-00025846 line of where the their our results are
+vRcgj__5nnU-00113-00025847-00026027 going to lay in right so the first thing
+vRcgj__5nnU-00114-00026027-00026314 I do is I do one of my test simulations
+vRcgj__5nnU-00115-00026316-00026567 right so I get a value like this right
+vRcgj__5nnU-00116-00026568-00026740 that's kind of whatever that would be
+vRcgj__5nnU-00117-00026741-00026993 like n plus two and a half or something
+vRcgj__5nnU-00118-00026994-00027214 right and then I do another one and then
+vRcgj__5nnU-00119-00027216-00027364 I do another one and then I do another
+vRcgj__5nnU-00120-00027366-00027533 one and I do another one and they're
+vRcgj__5nnU-00121-00027533-00027658 just kind of Landing all over the place
+vRcgj__5nnU-00122-00027660-00028018 right uh don't mind the the y-axis you
+vRcgj__5nnU-00123-00028019-00028108 can see it
+vRcgj__5nnU-00124-00028110-00028283 um but then I do a whole lot of tests
+vRcgj__5nnU-00125-00028283-00028570 right and what I did see right is I'm
+vRcgj__5nnU-00126-00028572-00028787 expecting them to kind of cluster in one
+vRcgj__5nnU-00127-00028788-00029189 rough area okay and that area
+vRcgj__5nnU-00128-00029189-00029495 is sometimes the null hypothesis but
+vRcgj__5nnU-00129-00029495-00029639 sometimes it'll be on the outer edges
+vRcgj__5nnU-00130-00029639-00029861 and the alternative hypoxes but what we
+vRcgj__5nnU-00131-00029862-00030107 kind of Imagine here is that that Center
+vRcgj__5nnU-00132-00030108-00030352 region in by the prior example was that
+vRcgj__5nnU-00133-00030354-00030701 the null hypothesis was true right so if
+vRcgj__5nnU-00134-00030702-00030935 they all land within that null then the
+vRcgj__5nnU-00135-00030936-00031162 null is true
+vRcgj__5nnU-00136-00031163-00031468 however if you notice that these overlap
+vRcgj__5nnU-00137-00031469-00031655 a little bit right that's basically your
+vRcgj__5nnU-00138-00031656-00031937 P cutoff okay is where is how big that
+vRcgj__5nnU-00139-00031938-00032267 overlap is and so if it lands in the
+vRcgj__5nnU-00140-00032268-00032495 alternative in the overlap here area
+vRcgj__5nnU-00141-00032495-00032723 then it's the alternative not the
+vRcgj__5nnU-00142-00032724-00032915 development
+vRcgj__5nnU-00143-00032916-00033107 maybe I should have put the alternatives
+vRcgj__5nnU-00144-00033108-00033305 on top rather than underneath but that's
+vRcgj__5nnU-00145-00033306-00033574 it and then if you think about it in
+vRcgj__5nnU-00146-00033575-00033749 this when I was showing that uh
+vRcgj__5nnU-00147-00033750-00033959 distribution before so kind of the same
+vRcgj__5nnU-00148-00033960-00034252 idea right and so you see this dot here
+vRcgj__5nnU-00149-00034253-00034583 okay so that's just into the node I
+vRcgj__5nnU-00150-00034584-00034702 can't remember what the actual results
+vRcgj__5nnU-00151-00034703-00034907 are for this particular experiment but
+vRcgj__5nnU-00152-00034908-00035135 this is adjusting to the null if it was
+vRcgj__5nnU-00153-00035136-00035290 a little bit over here if it was right
+vRcgj__5nnU-00154-00035291-00035452 here we would consider that part of the
+vRcgj__5nnU-00155-00035453-00035723 alternative even though it's technically
+vRcgj__5nnU-00156-00035724-00035902 in The Gnome right
+vRcgj__5nnU-00157-00035903-00036089 because we want to count for that Ram
+vRcgj__5nnU-00158-00036090-00036323 again so that that line at the edges is
+vRcgj__5nnU-00159-00036324-00036796 a little squishy
+vRcgj__5nnU-00160-00036797-00036995 right does that make sense
+vRcgj__5nnU-00161-00036996-00037211 okay this is a very important thing to
+vRcgj__5nnU-00162-00037212-00037361 understand
+vRcgj__5nnU-00163-00037362-00037607 um and so basically if the p is less
+vRcgj__5nnU-00164-00037608-00037829 than our P column then the alternative
+vRcgj__5nnU-00165-00037830-00038062 hypothesis is true and it is greater
+vRcgj__5nnU-00166-00038063-00038315 than in all hypothesis is true and so
+vRcgj__5nnU-00167-00038316-00038477 basically what we're trying to do is
+vRcgj__5nnU-00168-00038478-00038639 figure out when we if we run another
+vRcgj__5nnU-00169-00038640-00038915 experiment where is the result likely
+vRcgj__5nnU-00170-00038916-00039257 away okay and so that's how we do this
+vRcgj__5nnU-00171-00039258-00039383 kind of prediction or this kind of
+vRcgj__5nnU-00172-00039384-00039695 modeling to figure out answers to
+vRcgj__5nnU-00173-00039696-00039952 questions Based on data
+vRcgj__5nnU-00174-00039953-00040133 um and so sometimes we have good data
+vRcgj__5nnU-00175-00040134-00040312 and we can actually do like observation
+vRcgj__5nnU-00176-00040313-00040552 uh and do the calculation sometimes we
+vRcgj__5nnU-00177-00040553-00040835 need manufacture it sometimes we have a
+vRcgj__5nnU-00178-00040836-00040996 decent amount of data and we'll do like
+vRcgj__5nnU-00179-00040997-00041218 Shockwave labels or we'll have a small
+vRcgj__5nnU-00180-00041219-00041345 amount of data and we'll do something
+vRcgj__5nnU-00181-00041346-00041518 more of that bootstrapping
+vRcgj__5nnU-00182-00041519-00041723 um but various these are all techniques
+vRcgj__5nnU-00183-00041724-00041879 to essentially get to the same goal
+vRcgj__5nnU-00184-00041880-00042095 which is in trying to figure out if I
+vRcgj__5nnU-00185-00042096-00042359 run it again or I observe it again where
+vRcgj__5nnU-00186-00042360-00042707 is it likely to later
+vRcgj__5nnU-00187-00042708-00042857 all right
+vRcgj__5nnU-00188-00042858-00043121 so one of the things to think about here
+vRcgj__5nnU-00189-00043122-00043259 is that
+vRcgj__5nnU-00190-00043260-00043474 that you know it's a histogram right so
+vRcgj__5nnU-00191-00043475-00043690 if you come to the areas of parks and
+vRcgj__5nnU-00192-00043691-00043865 imprint you can actually figure out how
+vRcgj__5nnU-00193-00043866-00044062 many elements are in there and so if you
+vRcgj__5nnU-00194-00044063-00044351 think about the P area here
+vRcgj__5nnU-00195-00044352-00044495 um
+vRcgj__5nnU-00196-00044496-00044674 you know it's like this whole range
+vRcgj__5nnU-00197-00044675-00044879 right and there might be outliers over
+vRcgj__5nnU-00198-00044880-00045065 here that we can't see but in the idea
+vRcgj__5nnU-00199-00045066-00045239 instead one of the things that to
+vRcgj__5nnU-00200-00045240-00045412 remember is that you're talking about an
+vRcgj__5nnU-00201-00045413-00045923 area on the grad
+vRcgj__5nnU-00202-00045924-00046096 and so this is just kind of tying it
+vRcgj__5nnU-00203-00046097-00046211 back into some of the earlier
+vRcgj__5nnU-00204-00046212-00046517 terminology which is that it's typically
+vRcgj__5nnU-00205-00046518-00046739 significant for
+vRcgj__5nnU-00206-00046740-00046961 uh
+vRcgj__5nnU-00207-00046962-00047255 um
+vRcgj__5nnU-00208-00047256-00047458 either it's statistically significant or
+vRcgj__5nnU-00209-00047459-00047639 highly simply significant depending on
+vRcgj__5nnU-00210-00047640-00047921 how big your key cutoff is
+vRcgj__5nnU-00211-00047922-00048112 yeah
+vRcgj__5nnU-00212-00048113-00048496 oh yeah uh so the poll is up with a
+vRcgj__5nnU-00213-00048497-00049043 number uh how about
+vRcgj__5nnU-00214-00049044-00049505 oh
+vRcgj__5nnU-00215-00049506-00049649 um I don't remember changing the numbers
+vRcgj__5nnU-00216-00049650-00049961 uh I said oh how about eight
+vRcgj__5nnU-00217-00049962-00050218 right you don't see uh powers of two
+vRcgj__5nnU-00218-00050219-00050824 I'll take 10 or not third we'll post two
+vRcgj__5nnU-00219-00050825-00051058 all right so confidence intervals with
+vRcgj__5nnU-00220-00051059-00051244 testing this is kind of pretty
+vRcgj__5nnU-00221-00051245-00051394 straightforward
+vRcgj__5nnU-00222-00051395-00051557 um but so if we want to do a hypothesis
+vRcgj__5nnU-00223-00051558-00051701 test but we can't submit it under the
+vRcgj__5nnU-00224-00051702-00051814 null
+vRcgj__5nnU-00225-00051815-00051994 um so we kind of reversed it right so
+vRcgj__5nnU-00226-00051995-00052144 the population average is equal to X
+vRcgj__5nnU-00227-00052145-00052444 population average is not equal to X
+vRcgj__5nnU-00228-00052445-00052619 um and then we set our key value so this
+vRcgj__5nnU-00229-00052620-00052865 is kind of an example of you know it's
+vRcgj__5nnU-00230-00052866-00053038 still kind of arbitrary but an example
+vRcgj__5nnU-00231-00053039-00053291 in detail so
+vRcgj__5nnU-00232-00053291-00053494 it's very loud today
+vRcgj__5nnU-00233-00053495-00053644 um it actually not in the interval we're
+vRcgj__5nnU-00234-00053645-00053885 projecting all and then X is in the
+vRcgj__5nnU-00235-00053886-00054161 interval we can't reject the null is
+vRcgj__5nnU-00236-00054162-00054323 that kind of a more formalized way of
+vRcgj__5nnU-00237-00054324-00054587 saying we took the alternative okay so
+vRcgj__5nnU-00238-00054588-00054929 we I'm sorry we rejected the alternative
+vRcgj__5nnU-00239-00054929-00055216 uh so we can either accept it all or we
+vRcgj__5nnU-00240-00055217-00055726 can reject in them
+vRcgj__5nnU-00241-00055727-00055973 all right so the next thing we're going
+vRcgj__5nnU-00242-00055974-00056159 to get into is this Center and spread
+vRcgj__5nnU-00243-00056160-00056279 idea
+vRcgj__5nnU-00244-00056279-00056441 um so if we look at those histograms
+vRcgj__5nnU-00245-00056441-00056525 right
+vRcgj__5nnU-00246-00056526-00056692 um and we think about where the center
+vRcgj__5nnU-00247-00056694-00056938 of that histogram is
+vRcgj__5nnU-00248-00056939-00057137 um that's a kind of an important way we
+vRcgj__5nnU-00249-00057138-00057292 can start to measure things particularly
+vRcgj__5nnU-00250-00057294-00057454 when we talk about bell curves we're
+vRcgj__5nnU-00251-00057455-00057623 going to talk about our units
+vRcgj__5nnU-00252-00057624-00057923 um but the center of that okay is
+vRcgj__5nnU-00253-00057924-00058150 basically it's usually the average is
+vRcgj__5nnU-00254-00058151-00058421 the center and then you have the spread
+vRcgj__5nnU-00255-00058422-00058504 so
+vRcgj__5nnU-00256-00058505-00058853 obviously the the smaller kind of width
+vRcgj__5nnU-00257-00058854-00059129 wise that the histogram is the tighter
+vRcgj__5nnU-00258-00059129-00059411 your results are right and the spread is
+vRcgj__5nnU-00259-00059412-00059680 how far out they are okay
+vRcgj__5nnU-00260-00059682-00059873 um it's not this quite the same spread
+vRcgj__5nnU-00261-00059874-00060023 as for betting
+vRcgj__5nnU-00262-00060024-00060250 um but it's the you know it's italics
+vRcgj__5nnU-00263-00060251-00060941 reality is so it's kind of early
+vRcgj__5nnU-00264-00060941-00061115 um
+vRcgj__5nnU-00265-00061116-00061230 yeah
+vRcgj__5nnU-00266-00061232-00061463 all right so we've talked about averages
+vRcgj__5nnU-00267-00061464-00061565 before
+vRcgj__5nnU-00268-00061566-00061799 um but just kind of the the formal
+vRcgj__5nnU-00269-00061800-00062032 definition so we have
+vRcgj__5nnU-00270-00062033-00062171 um you know we've had two different
+vRcgj__5nnU-00271-00062172-00062441 words of the same thing average and mean
+vRcgj__5nnU-00272-00062441-00062579 um and
+vRcgj__5nnU-00273-00062579-00062771 the big difference here between this and
+vRcgj__5nnU-00274-00062772-00062903 the median right is that the number
+vRcgj__5nnU-00275-00062904-00063065 doesn't have to move here in this set
+vRcgj__5nnU-00276-00063066-00063347 okay so it can just be an arbitrary
+vRcgj__5nnU-00277-00063348-00063532 number that's in the middle
+vRcgj__5nnU-00278-00063533-00063797 um and when we say in the middle right
+vRcgj__5nnU-00279-00063798-00064042 it's not necessarily really in the
+vRcgj__5nnU-00280-00064044-00064265 middle right it's actually it could be
+vRcgj__5nnU-00281-00064266-00064469 skewed one way or the other but it's in
+vRcgj__5nnU-00282-00064470-00064697 the middle of the data okay because
+vRcgj__5nnU-00283-00064698-00064949 sometimes you end up with big outliers
+vRcgj__5nnU-00284-00064950-00065273 that a whole bit skew Your Average
+vRcgj__5nnU-00285-00065274-00065626 okay
+vRcgj__5nnU-00286-00065627-00065861 all right and what I wanted to point out
+vRcgj__5nnU-00287-00065862-00066065 here is just uh from the function
+vRcgj__5nnU-00288-00066066-00066226 perspective that we use the event you
+vRcgj__5nnU-00289-00066227-00066449 mean we have the average uh the only
+vRcgj__5nnU-00290-00066450-00066617 difference is that within the average
+vRcgj__5nnU-00291-00066618-00066869 you can actually lose weights as well so
+vRcgj__5nnU-00292-00066870-00067031 this would be what you would use if you
+vRcgj__5nnU-00293-00067032-00067229 wanted to calculated agreement class
+vRcgj__5nnU-00294-00067230-00067487 right because you don't actually average
+vRcgj__5nnU-00295-00067488-00067787 your Source you'd say and I don't
+vRcgj__5nnU-00296-00067788-00067913 remember what number wrong but you said
+vRcgj__5nnU-00297-00067914-00068153 midterm is 15 and homeworks are you know
+vRcgj__5nnU-00298-00068154-00068267 22
+vRcgj__5nnU-00299-00068268-00068344 Etc
+vRcgj__5nnU-00300-00068345-00068543 um and so you have to put in weights to
+vRcgj__5nnU-00301-00068544-00068788 get your actual grades you can't just
+vRcgj__5nnU-00302-00068789-00069173 average up all your sorts
+vRcgj__5nnU-00303-00069174-00069443 all right so I'm sorry that's a little
+vRcgj__5nnU-00304-00069444-00069550 call
+vRcgj__5nnU-00305-00069551-00069694 um but what the next thing I want to
+vRcgj__5nnU-00306-00069695-00069856 kind of show off is that you can make
+vRcgj__5nnU-00307-00069857-00070067 Instagram you can actually approximate
+vRcgj__5nnU-00308-00070068-00070288 the mean okay and buy it and the reason
+vRcgj__5nnU-00309-00070289-00070547 I say approximate is because usually you
+vRcgj__5nnU-00310-00070548-00070673 don't have tick marks that are
+vRcgj__5nnU-00311-00070674-00070979 completely precise so as a result it's
+vRcgj__5nnU-00312-00070980-00071200 probably an approximation if you have
+vRcgj__5nnU-00313-00071201-00071356 really good tick marks you can get it
+vRcgj__5nnU-00314-00071357-00071687 exactly right but to calculate the
+vRcgj__5nnU-00315-00071688-00072017 average you can get you take basically
+vRcgj__5nnU-00316-00072018-00072491 the center okay of the of the bar it's
+vRcgj__5nnU-00317-00072492-00072671 basically or the bin
+vRcgj__5nnU-00318-00072672-00072959 um and then you multiply it by the
+vRcgj__5nnU-00319-00072960-00073294 height of the bin okay so this is 0.5
+vRcgj__5nnU-00320-00073295-00073505 right here in the middle and then it's
+vRcgj__5nnU-00321-00073506-00073738 about 11 tall and then the next one is
+vRcgj__5nnU-00322-00073739-00074056 1.5 and it's about 23 tall
+vRcgj__5nnU-00323-00074057-00074303 Etc okay so you take all those and you
+vRcgj__5nnU-00324-00074304-00074471 you add all those multiplications
+vRcgj__5nnU-00325-00074472-00074735 together then you take just the Heights
+vRcgj__5nnU-00326-00074736-00074950 and add all those together then do a
+vRcgj__5nnU-00327-00074951-00075329 division and now you have the mean
+vRcgj__5nnU-00328-00075330-00075575 okay
+vRcgj__5nnU-00329-00075576-00075749 because what you're doing essentially is
+vRcgj__5nnU-00330-00075750-00075953 calculating all the elements in the in
+vRcgj__5nnU-00331-00075954-00076325 the histogram right
+vRcgj__5nnU-00332-00076326-00076588 that makes sense
+vRcgj__5nnU-00333-00076589-00076955 you did also do something similar
+vRcgj__5nnU-00334-00076956-00077243 you get the median okay and so with the
+vRcgj__5nnU-00335-00077244-00077435 median all you do is kind of add up all
+vRcgj__5nnU-00336-00077436-00077711 the heights okay but then divide that by
+vRcgj__5nnU-00337-00077712-00077932 two and then it's not necessarily going
+vRcgj__5nnU-00338-00077933-00078125 to give you kind of the the median per
+vRcgj__5nnU-00339-00078126-00078305 se it's going to give you what
+vRcgj__5nnU-00340-00078306-00078623 two okay so it's in in three okay that's
+vRcgj__5nnU-00341-00078624-00079138 like a position
+vRcgj__5nnU-00342-00079139-00079361 right because obviously the media starts
+vRcgj__5nnU-00343-00079362-00079547 to appear in the set so we don't know
+vRcgj__5nnU-00344-00079548-00079835 that 51 appears in the set we just know
+vRcgj__5nnU-00345-00079836-00081100 that 51 appeared in the third bucket
+vRcgj__5nnU-00346-00081101-00081323 sorry about the 51 appears in the third
+vRcgj__5nnU-00347-00081324-00081623 pocket 51 indicates that the median is
+vRcgj__5nnU-00348-00081624-00082085 in the third body
+vRcgj__5nnU-00349-00082086-00082331 all right so when we're so the mean in
+vRcgj__5nnU-00350-00082332-00082553 the median are uh really useful because
+vRcgj__5nnU-00351-00082554-00082847 they kind of show you student right uh
+vRcgj__5nnU-00352-00082848-00083003 if they're really close together there's
+vRcgj__5nnU-00353-00083004-00083273 very little skew if they're far apart
+vRcgj__5nnU-00354-00083274-00083476 their skew and depending on which
+vRcgj__5nnU-00355-00083477-00083675 direction they're far apart like if the
+vRcgj__5nnU-00356-00083676-00083891 median is higher or lower than the mean
+vRcgj__5nnU-00357-00083892-00084203 it indicates which way your historian is
+vRcgj__5nnU-00358-00084204-00084449 going to be seen
+vRcgj__5nnU-00359-00084450-00084629 so basically it's kind of a quick and
+vRcgj__5nnU-00360-00084630-00084832 dirty way to figure out what the
+vRcgj__5nnU-00361-00084833-00084971 histogram is going to look like if you
+vRcgj__5nnU-00362-00084972-00085487 don't mind if I believe it is
+vRcgj__5nnU-00363-00085488-00085726 all right so the reason we're talking
+vRcgj__5nnU-00364-00085727-00085882 about all this is because we want to get
+vRcgj__5nnU-00365-00085883-00086099 to standard deviation
+vRcgj__5nnU-00366-00086100-00086231 um and
+vRcgj__5nnU-00367-00086232-00086435 so
+vRcgj__5nnU-00368-00086436-00086741 if we look at the kind of Base value of
+vRcgj__5nnU-00369-00086742-00086950 the small value rate as it said appear
+vRcgj__5nnU-00370-00086951-00087076 um it doesn't talk so much about that
+vRcgj__5nnU-00371-00087077-00087317 shape of the distribution and that's a
+vRcgj__5nnU-00372-00087318-00087449 lot of time what we care about is like
+vRcgj__5nnU-00373-00087450-00087682 how like that's why we're looking at it
+vRcgj__5nnU-00374-00087683-00087911 as distribution is we want to know what
+vRcgj__5nnU-00375-00087912-00088121 is the shape you know is it a vowel or
+vRcgj__5nnU-00376-00088122-00088300 is it skewed or whatever because that
+vRcgj__5nnU-00377-00088301-00088553 tells us something about the data
+vRcgj__5nnU-00378-00088554-00088768 so a better way to look at it might be
+vRcgj__5nnU-00379-00088769-00088931 the measure the variability around the
+vRcgj__5nnU-00380-00088932-00089194 mean and how do we do that so we need to
+vRcgj__5nnU-00381-00089195-00089543 quantify that
+vRcgj__5nnU-00382-00089544-00090161 so
+vRcgj__5nnU-00383-00090162-00090305 first thing we're going to do is just
+vRcgj__5nnU-00384-00090306-00090526 credit create a table with some
+vRcgj__5nnU-00385-00090527-00090706 arbitrary values
+vRcgj__5nnU-00386-00090707-00090893 um that are not very big just to show
+vRcgj__5nnU-00387-00090894-00091079 you the example
+vRcgj__5nnU-00388-00091080-00091331 um and what we can do is that we first
+vRcgj__5nnU-00389-00091332-00091565 are going to just take the average of
+vRcgj__5nnU-00390-00091566-00091799 the data that we have
+vRcgj__5nnU-00391-00091800-00091985 and then we're going to look at those
+vRcgj__5nnU-00392-00091986-00092368 deviations okay and so how far away is
+vRcgj__5nnU-00393-00092369-00092632 each of the values in the data set up
+vRcgj__5nnU-00394-00092633-00092891 far or how far away are they from the
+vRcgj__5nnU-00395-00092892-00093059 average
+vRcgj__5nnU-00396-00093060-00093431 right and then if you notice if we add
+vRcgj__5nnU-00397-00093432-00093605 up all those deviations it should come
+vRcgj__5nnU-00398-00093606-00094193 out to zero
+vRcgj__5nnU-00399-00094194-00094432 all right so
+vRcgj__5nnU-00400-00094433-00094543 it's all right
+vRcgj__5nnU-00401-00094544-00095099 [Music]
+vRcgj__5nnU-00402-00095100-00095350 so in order to calculate the standard
+vRcgj__5nnU-00403-00095351-00095771 deviation we are going to
+vRcgj__5nnU-00404-00095772-00095837 um
+vRcgj__5nnU-00405-00095838-00096311 Square the deviations first right okay
+vRcgj__5nnU-00406-00096312-00098165 um
+vRcgj__5nnU-00407-00098166-00098729 deviations
+vRcgj__5nnU-00408-00098730-00098932 dude so now we have another table now
+vRcgj__5nnU-00409-00098933-00099232 with all deviation squared and and again
+vRcgj__5nnU-00410-00099233-00099382 what we're trying to do is smooth it out
+vRcgj__5nnU-00411-00099383-00099568 right or we're trying to get
+vRcgj__5nnU-00412-00099569-00099762 um something that's a little easier to
+vRcgj__5nnU-00413-00099763-00100018 evaluate so we're going to square it
+vRcgj__5nnU-00414-00100019-00100318 primarily to kind of push separate it
+vRcgj__5nnU-00415-00100319-00100456 out a little bit more and make it a
+vRcgj__5nnU-00416-00100457-00100582 little more obvious where the people
+vRcgj__5nnU-00417-00100583-00100811 like how pronounced the deviations are
+vRcgj__5nnU-00418-00100812-00101182 as well as to get rid of those negatives
+vRcgj__5nnU-00419-00101183-00101399 all right and then we can do What's
+vRcgj__5nnU-00420-00101400-00101603 called the variance so let's change our
+vRcgj__5nnU-00421-00101604-00101837 uh
+vRcgj__5nnU-00422-00101838-00102076 and so we'll block the variance and so
+vRcgj__5nnU-00423-00102077-00102394 that's the average basically of that uh
+vRcgj__5nnU-00424-00102395-00102778 Square mediations okay and so the
+vRcgj__5nnU-00425-00102779-00103030 standard deviation is square root of the
+vRcgj__5nnU-00426-00103031-00103397 variance we do that with just 0.5 and so
+vRcgj__5nnU-00427-00103398-00103763 2.7 or 2.8 is a standard deviation we're
+vRcgj__5nnU-00428-00103764-00103834 going to talk about why that's
+vRcgj__5nnU-00429-00103835-00103990 interesting but basically it's like how
+vRcgj__5nnU-00430-00103991-00104284 far away the various values are from the
+vRcgj__5nnU-00431-00104285-00104494 average
+vRcgj__5nnU-00432-00104495-00104663 and so
+vRcgj__5nnU-00433-00104664-00104830 that's how you would calculate it
+vRcgj__5nnU-00434-00104831-00105077 however there's an easier way because
+vRcgj__5nnU-00435-00105078-00105316 obviously standard deviation it's used a
+vRcgj__5nnU-00436-00105317-00105454 lot you've probably all heard of it
+vRcgj__5nnU-00437-00105455-00105695 before say you can actually just use the
+vRcgj__5nnU-00438-00105696-00106007 FPE method which is short per standard
+vRcgj__5nnU-00439-00106008-00106204 deviation pretty commonly short percent
+vRcgj__5nnU-00440-00106205-00106349 of the deviation
+vRcgj__5nnU-00441-00106350-00106678 um and you obviously get the same hit
+vRcgj__5nnU-00442-00106679-00106925 right
+vRcgj__5nnU-00443-00106926-00107249 so and this is where we kind of got
+vRcgj__5nnU-00444-00107250-00107639 messed up a little bit last time
+vRcgj__5nnU-00445-00107640-00107813 um because it turned out I figured out
+vRcgj__5nnU-00446-00107814-00107986 why the slides really didn't make any
+vRcgj__5nnU-00447-00107988-00108119 sense it's because I had actually
+vRcgj__5nnU-00448-00108120-00108425 grabbed uh this coming Thursday's
+vRcgj__5nnU-00449-00108426-00108701 lecture not this one so we assumed the
+vRcgj__5nnU-00450-00108702-00108857 knowledge from this one that's why I was
+vRcgj__5nnU-00451-00108858-00109007 super confused
+vRcgj__5nnU-00452-00109008-00109175 um when I was trying to fill the rest of
+vRcgj__5nnU-00453-00109176-00109390 our time but so here's just the kind of
+vRcgj__5nnU-00454-00109391-00109565 the standard deviation
+vRcgj__5nnU-00455-00109566-00109810 um and one of these things this is one
+vRcgj__5nnU-00456-00109811-00109943 of those things where again you just
+vRcgj__5nnU-00457-00109944-00110075 kind of remember that when you say it
+vRcgj__5nnU-00458-00110076-00110434 you kind of do it backwards okay so we
+vRcgj__5nnU-00459-00110435-00110693 call it what the root mean squared okay
+vRcgj__5nnU-00460-00110694-00110884 so we're going to take we're going to
+vRcgj__5nnU-00461-00110885-00110993 average the data and we're going to
+vRcgj__5nnU-00462-00110994-00111131 determine the mediation of the data from
+vRcgj__5nnU-00463-00111132-00111352 the mean Square the deviations take the
+vRcgj__5nnU-00464-00111353-00111545 mean of the square with the variance and
+vRcgj__5nnU-00465-00111546-00111736 then take the square root of the mean
+vRcgj__5nnU-00466-00111738-00112001 and that's our standard deviation uh so
+vRcgj__5nnU-00467-00112002-00112265 in kind of short right we take data
+vRcgj__5nnU-00468-00112266-00112475 average it find the deviation square
+vRcgj__5nnU-00469-00112476-00112840 mean square root okay and so but it's
+vRcgj__5nnU-00470-00112841-00113116 called a root means where
+vRcgj__5nnU-00471-00113117-00113369 or a square root mean Square
+vRcgj__5nnU-00472-00113370-00113536 um because you kind of you tend to say
+vRcgj__5nnU-00473-00113538-00113734 the things backwards when you talk about
+vRcgj__5nnU-00474-00113735-00113866 it right think about when you do
+vRcgj__5nnU-00475-00113867-00114083 subtraction right and say I'm going to
+vRcgj__5nnU-00476-00114083-00114419 take you know uh 9 from 10
+vRcgj__5nnU-00477-00114420-00114593 um and but you kind of mean it in
+vRcgj__5nnU-00478-00114594-00114839 reverse when you actually write it out
+vRcgj__5nnU-00479-00114840-00115049 very interesting
+vRcgj__5nnU-00480-00115050-00115283 Sub-Zero is a quadratic mean we'll
+vRcgj__5nnU-00481-00115283-00115534 usually use RMS
+vRcgj__5nnU-00482-00115535-00115823 all right so yay right
+vRcgj__5nnU-00483-00115824-00115913 um
+vRcgj__5nnU-00484-00115914-00116086 but it's actually kind of interesting
+vRcgj__5nnU-00485-00116088-00116207 and this is what we were talking about
+vRcgj__5nnU-00486-00116208-00116428 last time we should have uh did a really
+vRcgj__5nnU-00487-00116429-00116602 interesting group
+vRcgj__5nnU-00488-00116603-00116921 um and so he can figure out what the
+vRcgj__5nnU-00489-00116922-00117119 distribution looks like based on the
+vRcgj__5nnU-00490-00117120-00117286 standard deviation
+vRcgj__5nnU-00491-00117288-00117690 um
+vRcgj__5nnU-00492-00117691-00117934 you can read those very common sentences
+vRcgj__5nnU-00493-00117935-00118390 uh two quick comments uh I tend to use a
+vRcgj__5nnU-00494-00118391-00118666 lot of programming uh like kind of
+vRcgj__5nnU-00495-00118667-00118954 constructs in my writing so equal equals
+vRcgj__5nnU-00496-00118955-00119128 means there are people each other right
+vRcgj__5nnU-00497-00119129-00119297 versus an assignment
+vRcgj__5nnU-00498-00119298-00119440 um and then you've all probably seen
+vRcgj__5nnU-00499-00119441-00119584 plus or minus
+vRcgj__5nnU-00500-00119585-00119957 um it just means you know on either side
+vRcgj__5nnU-00501-00119958-00120245 all right so here's that inequality
+vRcgj__5nnU-00502-00120246-00120466 um and it proves the thing and no matter
+vRcgj__5nnU-00503-00120467-00120599 what the shape the distribution the
+vRcgj__5nnU-00504-00120600-00120790 working the values in the range mean
+vRcgj__5nnU-00505-00120791-00120989 plus or minus some number of standard
+vRcgj__5nnU-00506-00120990-00121301 deviations is at least one minus one
+vRcgj__5nnU-00507-00121302-00121540 divided by the square
+vRcgj__5nnU-00508-00121541-00121775 amount of the of your number of
+vRcgj__5nnU-00509-00121776-00121901 mediation
+vRcgj__5nnU-00510-00121902-00122069 so
+vRcgj__5nnU-00511-00122070-00122231 um
+vRcgj__5nnU-00512-00122232-00122584 for example the mean is the mean is 10
+vRcgj__5nnU-00513-00122585-00122915 and the standard deviations are three
+vRcgj__5nnU-00514-00122916-00123095 um but then at least how many of the
+vRcgj__5nnU-00515-00123096-00123599 values are within uh 4 to 16. and so we
+vRcgj__5nnU-00516-00123600-00123689 can
+vRcgj__5nnU-00517-00123690-00124049 calculate this and
+vRcgj__5nnU-00518-00124050-00124247 yeah let's give it a try all right so
+vRcgj__5nnU-00519-00124248-00124463 you need to do it in your notebook uh or
+vRcgj__5nnU-00520-00124464-00124733 take a wild guess but raise your right
+vRcgj__5nnU-00521-00124733-00125039 hand if you think the answer is 89 and
+vRcgj__5nnU-00522-00125040-00125219 raise your left hand if you think the
+vRcgj__5nnU-00523-00125220-00126577 answer is 92 percent
+vRcgj__5nnU-00524-00126578-00126766 pick one
+vRcgj__5nnU-00525-00126767-00126997 either calculated or guest
+vRcgj__5nnU-00526-00126998-00127469 uh right hand is 89s left hand to 92.
+vRcgj__5nnU-00527-00127470-00127708 all right so
+vRcgj__5nnU-00528-00127709-00128045 and the right hand side
+vRcgj__5nnU-00529-00128046-00128357 so
+vRcgj__5nnU-00530-00128358-00128543 but what it really means is we can get
+vRcgj__5nnU-00531-00128544-00128699 to this month's table basically what's
+vRcgj__5nnU-00532-00128700-00128921 really handy and this would be something
+vRcgj__5nnU-00533-00128922-00129233 that I think about uh memorizing
+vRcgj__5nnU-00534-00129233-00129575 um so basically if you want to know
+vRcgj__5nnU-00535-00129576-00129821 where 75 of the data is you know it's
+vRcgj__5nnU-00536-00129822-00130145 within the average plus or minus two
+vRcgj__5nnU-00537-00130146-00130397 standard deviations so one of the things
+vRcgj__5nnU-00538-00130398-00130583 that I didn't find confusing about this
+vRcgj__5nnU-00539-00130583-00130816 is that when I say plus or minus PV
+vRcgj__5nnU-00540-00130817-00130973 standard deviations how many standard
+vRcgj__5nnU-00541-00130974-00131237 deviations is that
+vRcgj__5nnU-00542-00131238-00131464 oh
+vRcgj__5nnU-00543-00131465-00131652 how many
+vRcgj__5nnU-00544-00131653-00131939 right it's four right because it's two
+vRcgj__5nnU-00545-00131940-00132173 on one side it's two on the other
+vRcgj__5nnU-00546-00132174-00132593 um
+vRcgj__5nnU-00547-00132594-00132827 but what's really cool is that no matter
+vRcgj__5nnU-00548-00132828-00133019 what the distribution looks like this
+vRcgj__5nnU-00549-00133020-00133133 will be true
+vRcgj__5nnU-00550-00133134-00133237 okay
+vRcgj__5nnU-00551-00133238-00133625 any distribution
+vRcgj__5nnU-00552-00133626-00133864 all right
+vRcgj__5nnU-00553-00133865-00134290 then we have a little demo uh so first
+vRcgj__5nnU-00554-00134291-00134483 we're going to grab grab the the baby
+vRcgj__5nnU-00555-00134484-00134602 weights
+vRcgj__5nnU-00556-00134603-00134861 um and we're going to get rid of whether
+vRcgj__5nnU-00557-00134862-00135071 or not there are Focus
+vRcgj__5nnU-00558-00135072-00135233 um and then we're going to do a
+vRcgj__5nnU-00559-00135234-00135893 histogram of just uh the stations
+vRcgj__5nnU-00560-00135894-00136121 um oh sorry no we're actually going to
+vRcgj__5nnU-00561-00136122-00136366 do let me find the back comment there
+vRcgj__5nnU-00562-00136367-00136445 um
+vRcgj__5nnU-00563-00136446-00136702 so we're actually if if you notice and
+vRcgj__5nnU-00564-00136703-00136871 you may have done this possibly by
+vRcgj__5nnU-00565-00136872-00137123 accident before but if I just say call
+vRcgj__5nnU-00566-00137124-00137381 histogram and give it bin sizes it will
+vRcgj__5nnU-00567-00137382-00137621 or not get them inside
+vRcgj__5nnU-00568-00137622-00137885 um and don't tell it to Overlay I can
+vRcgj__5nnU-00569-00137886-00138089 actually get a histogram for all the
+vRcgj__5nnU-00570-00138090-00138361 columns in the table okay so if you're
+vRcgj__5nnU-00571-00138362-00138569 usually this is something where you're
+vRcgj__5nnU-00572-00138570-00138737 like exploring the data that's useful
+vRcgj__5nnU-00573-00138738-00138893 not usually something when you're
+vRcgj__5nnU-00574-00138894-00139102 presenting it it's more like oh I want
+vRcgj__5nnU-00575-00139103-00139211 to see them all at once because I want
+vRcgj__5nnU-00576-00139212-00139354 to know where I don't want to look
+vRcgj__5nnU-00577-00139355-00139577 usually things like overlays and that
+vRcgj__5nnU-00578-00139578-00139835 kind of stuff are more youthful but as
+vRcgj__5nnU-00579-00139836-00140021 you can see we have a bunch of different
+vRcgj__5nnU-00580-00140022-00140225 distributions but we're going to look at
+vRcgj__5nnU-00581-00140226-00140513 this internal pregnancy weight
+vRcgj__5nnU-00582-00140514-00140801 um one in particular mostly because I
+vRcgj__5nnU-00583-00140802-00140975 want to show an example that is like
+vRcgj__5nnU-00584-00140976-00141233 that's pretty skewed right
+vRcgj__5nnU-00585-00141234-00141383 um so that's why it's kind of
+vRcgj__5nnU-00586-00141384-00141695 interesting
+vRcgj__5nnU-00587-00141696-00141857 all right so the first thing I do is
+vRcgj__5nnU-00588-00141858-00141964 pull out
+vRcgj__5nnU-00589-00141965-00142139 uh just the average and the same
+vRcgj__5nnU-00590-00142140-00142289 deviation size
+vRcgj__5nnU-00591-00142290-00142577 so we know that the average is
+vRcgj__5nnU-00592-00142578-00142973 um uh 128 pounds uh and that the
+vRcgj__5nnU-00593-00142974-00143316 standard deviation is 20 pounds so
+vRcgj__5nnU-00594-00143317-00143801 that's where the uh Joseph's uh help
+vRcgj__5nnU-00595-00143802-00144311 really kind of comes in handy right so
+vRcgj__5nnU-00596-00144312-00144743 foreign
+vRcgj__5nnU-00597-00144744-00145127 okay so this is just kind of like
+vRcgj__5nnU-00598-00145128-00145366 pulling out kind of one segment of it to
+vRcgj__5nnU-00599-00145367-00145619 say okay show me all of the birth
+vRcgj__5nnU-00600-00145620-00145828 weights that are within uh three
+vRcgj__5nnU-00601-00145829-00146063 standard deviations of both sides
+vRcgj__5nnU-00602-00146064-00146423 um and we know from this current slide
+vRcgj__5nnU-00603-00146424-00146789 that that should be 88 or 89 of our
+vRcgj__5nnU-00604-00146790-00146975 population right
+vRcgj__5nnU-00605-00146976-00147161 so that's kind of cool
+vRcgj__5nnU-00606-00147162-00147347 um so
+vRcgj__5nnU-00607-00147348-00147661 let's see what it does okay well it's 98
+vRcgj__5nnU-00608-00147662-00148127 right but
+vRcgj__5nnU-00609-00148128-00148402 what does this say this is Apple Beast
+vRcgj__5nnU-00610-00148403-00148793 okay so it's going to be more than 89
+vRcgj__5nnU-00611-00148794-00149519 um but it won't be below that
+vRcgj__5nnU-00612-00149520-00149740 all right and so it should be and just
+vRcgj__5nnU-00613-00149741-00149975 in the calculation so it should be
+vRcgj__5nnU-00614-00149976-00150149 um because we just did we've replaced
+vRcgj__5nnU-00615-00150150-00150449 our Z there with the actual value uh and
+vRcgj__5nnU-00616-00150450-00150695 now we can we know that it should be
+vRcgj__5nnU-00617-00150696-00150893 right around you know or it should be at
+vRcgj__5nnU-00618-00150894-00151175 least 89 percent
+vRcgj__5nnU-00619-00151176-00151439 oops all right
+vRcgj__5nnU-00620-00151440-00151678 so that's all the table columns and so
+vRcgj__5nnU-00621-00151679-00151943 what I'm going to do is I'm going to use
+vRcgj__5nnU-00622-00151944-00152147 I don't know if you've used labels in
+vRcgj__5nnU-00623-00152148-00152501 the labs or homework uh holidays but
+vRcgj__5nnU-00624-00152502-00152639 basically it just kind of grabs all the
+vRcgj__5nnU-00625-00152640-00152807 following means which if you'll recall
+vRcgj__5nnU-00626-00152808-00153059 uh you normally have to type in manually
+vRcgj__5nnU-00627-00153060-00153431 so here we have kind of a more advanced
+vRcgj__5nnU-00628-00153432-00153593 fluid where I'm going to take all those
+vRcgj__5nnU-00629-00153594-00153826 labels and then generate data or
+vRcgj__5nnU-00630-00153827-00154054 generate a kind of output based on each
+vRcgj__5nnU-00631-00154055-00154499 column so I can then learn that
+vRcgj__5nnU-00632-00154500-00154804 and so you can see that for each of
+vRcgj__5nnU-00633-00154805-00154907 these
+vRcgj__5nnU-00634-00154908-00155447 the birth weight for example 95 or so is
+vRcgj__5nnU-00635-00155448-00155657 um percent of the data is within two
+vRcgj__5nnU-00636-00155658-00155897 standard deviations which is greater
+vRcgj__5nnU-00637-00155898-00156161 than Junction right so basically you can
+vRcgj__5nnU-00638-00156162-00156413 kind of this isn't perming it but you
+vRcgj__5nnU-00639-00156414-00156611 can get a better feel for
+vRcgj__5nnU-00640-00156612-00156916 how does this work and is it true
+vRcgj__5nnU-00641-00156917-00157102 and the other reason is I wanted to give
+vRcgj__5nnU-00642-00157103-00157271 you an example of a floral Loop that
+vRcgj__5nnU-00643-00157272-00157433 does something a little more interesting
+vRcgj__5nnU-00644-00157434-00157726 uh or a little more complex so you can
+vRcgj__5nnU-00645-00157727-00157913 kind of pull out all that data and
+vRcgj__5nnU-00646-00157914-00158452 actually calculate
+vRcgj__5nnU-00647-00158453-00158635 so
+vRcgj__5nnU-00648-00158636-00158845 theoretically they should all be over
+vRcgj__5nnU-00649-00158846-00159083 most likely if they're not it's because
+vRcgj__5nnU-00650-00159084-00159419 I have a mug rather than a mathematician
+vRcgj__5nnU-00651-00159420-00159719 being wrong
+vRcgj__5nnU-00652-00159720-00159976 all right so the next thing we talk
+vRcgj__5nnU-00653-00159977-00160157 about is okay so now we've talked about
+vRcgj__5nnU-00654-00160158-00160319 the standard deviation being asserted
+vRcgj__5nnU-00655-00160320-00160528 this way well the next thing we want to
+vRcgj__5nnU-00656-00160529-00160673 do is we're going to be able to compare
+vRcgj__5nnU-00657-00160674-00160949 our Apples to Apples okay so when we
+vRcgj__5nnU-00658-00160950-00161087 were talking I talked kind of quickly
+vRcgj__5nnU-00659-00161088-00161297 about the final exam for the mentor exam
+vRcgj__5nnU-00660-00161298-00161563 you can't compare those distributions
+vRcgj__5nnU-00661-00161564-00161807 without setting them to some sort of
+vRcgj__5nnU-00662-00161808-00162071 standard unit because one might be you
+vRcgj__5nnU-00663-00162072-00162239 know out of 90 points and one might be
+vRcgj__5nnU-00664-00162240-00162449 out of 22 points right so we can't
+vRcgj__5nnU-00665-00162450-00162689 compare them very well so we want to do
+vRcgj__5nnU-00666-00162690-00162911 is shift them into a standard unit so
+vRcgj__5nnU-00667-00162912-00163139 that we can compare the two things that
+vRcgj__5nnU-00668-00163140-00163421 we want to know on average right uh you
+vRcgj__5nnU-00669-00163422-00163540 know are the students kind of
+vRcgj__5nnU-00670-00163541-00163733 progressive like is what you hold right
+vRcgj__5nnU-00671-00163734-00163966 is that in the final exam they're going
+vRcgj__5nnU-00672-00163967-00164093 to be better than they did in
+vRcgj__5nnU-00673-00164094-00164339 mid-service baby
+vRcgj__5nnU-00674-00164340-00164554 um so what we do to do that is we
+vRcgj__5nnU-00675-00164555-00164771 convert the thing to what our all
+vRcgj__5nnU-00676-00164772-00165071 standard units okay and that is a like a
+vRcgj__5nnU-00677-00165072-00165293 formal term even though it seems really
+vRcgj__5nnU-00678-00165294-00165509 obvious as the name of what we've been
+vRcgj__5nnU-00679-00165510-00165652 talking about
+vRcgj__5nnU-00680-00165653-00165916 um so the way we do that though this is
+vRcgj__5nnU-00681-00165917-00166019 why we have to talk about standard
+vRcgj__5nnU-00682-00166020-00166187 deviation first is that we take the
+vRcgj__5nnU-00683-00166188-00166361 value minus the average divided by the
+vRcgj__5nnU-00684-00166362-00166516 standard deviation
+vRcgj__5nnU-00685-00166517-00166643 um and
+vRcgj__5nnU-00686-00166644-00166931 that way will shift kind of everything
+vRcgj__5nnU-00687-00166932-00167164 to be right around zero so the iris is
+vRcgj__5nnU-00688-00167165-00167543 going to shift to zero on a graph and
+vRcgj__5nnU-00689-00167544-00167740 you know one standard deviation will be
+vRcgj__5nnU-00690-00167741-00167854 at one
+vRcgj__5nnU-00691-00167855-00168035 right
+vRcgj__5nnU-00692-00168036-00168407 and so 96 of our values are going to be
+vRcgj__5nnU-00693-00168408-00168761 between minus five and five once we move
+vRcgj__5nnU-00694-00168762-00168952 it to standard units
+vRcgj__5nnU-00695-00168953-00169307 because of the same
+vRcgj__5nnU-00696-00169308-00169673 oops because of this right so it's just
+vRcgj__5nnU-00697-00169674-00169943 that we shifted the whole data set you
+vRcgj__5nnU-00698-00169944-00170104 know either the web or the right or
+vRcgj__5nnU-00699-00170105-00170314 whatever to make it so they're all right
+vRcgj__5nnU-00700-00170315-00170609 around here
+vRcgj__5nnU-00701-00170610-00170878 all right so I'm going to show an
+vRcgj__5nnU-00702-00170879-00171166 example of that I believe
+vRcgj__5nnU-00703-00171167-00171395 and so we just calculate the standard
+vRcgj__5nnU-00704-00171396-00171539 units
+vRcgj__5nnU-00705-00171540-00171701 um
+vRcgj__5nnU-00706-00171702-00171893 and this is where I'm going to ask the
+vRcgj__5nnU-00707-00171894-00172160 crowd
+vRcgj__5nnU-00708-00172161-00172273 [Music]
+vRcgj__5nnU-00709-00172274-00172643 units so what should I put in here to
+vRcgj__5nnU-00710-00172644-00172852 get a method that will calculate
+vRcgj__5nnU-00711-00172853-00173537 standard yields
+vRcgj__5nnU-00712-00173538-00174713 area I'll even go back
+vRcgj__5nnU-00713-00174714-00174995 and
+vRcgj__5nnU-00714-00174996-00175259 yeah and just you know note that X is an
+vRcgj__5nnU-00715-00175260-00175504 array okay so it's a it's the whole set
+vRcgj__5nnU-00716-00175505-00175721 of data
+vRcgj__5nnU-00717-00175722-00176266 yeah it is
+vRcgj__5nnU-00718-00176267-00176476 something like value minus average
+vRcgj__5nnU-00719-00176477-00176890 divided by NP Dot stdx
+vRcgj__5nnU-00720-00176891-00177221 yes I think so uh it's hard it's hard on
+vRcgj__5nnU-00721-00177222-00177635 this one um so x minus the average
+vRcgj__5nnU-00722-00177636-00177928 um or does she need is a shorter
+vRcgj__5nnU-00723-00177929-00178054 um
+vRcgj__5nnU-00724-00178055-00178390 and then divided by hosts
+vRcgj__5nnU-00725-00178391-00178637 don't be able to replace uh and then
+vRcgj__5nnU-00726-00178638-00178978 divided by the standard deviation
+vRcgj__5nnU-00727-00178979-00179171 right so now how to handle a function
+vRcgj__5nnU-00728-00179172-00179369 that can convert an array to standard
+vRcgj__5nnU-00729-00179370-00179495 units
+vRcgj__5nnU-00730-00179496-00179897 um and if I go back to my ages here I'm
+vRcgj__5nnU-00731-00179898-00180101 going to give her maternal ages and
+vRcgj__5nnU-00732-00180102-00180287 let's convert that to standard units we
+vRcgj__5nnU-00733-00180288-00180485 can use our little function and so now
+vRcgj__5nnU-00734-00180486-00180743 our our whole array is going to be
+vRcgj__5nnU-00735-00180744-00180964 wrapped around here
+vRcgj__5nnU-00736-00180965-00181019 um
+vRcgj__5nnU-00737-00181020-00181361 and we can kind of pull out what do we
+vRcgj__5nnU-00738-00181362-00181601 expect to look like okay so
+vRcgj__5nnU-00739-00181602-00181733 um
+vRcgj__5nnU-00740-00181734-00181978 when we shipped it right so the the
+vRcgj__5nnU-00741-00181979-00182933 average
+vRcgj__5nnU-00742-00182934-00183263 here all right let me look at this one
+vRcgj__5nnU-00743-00183264-00183538 um okay so basically what I can do is uh
+vRcgj__5nnU-00744-00183539-00183676 you know how to put them on the same
+vRcgj__5nnU-00745-00183677-00183923 table together and kind of see how
+vRcgj__5nnU-00746-00183924-00184151 they're shipping uh if you you know
+vRcgj__5nnU-00747-00184152-00184414 we're kind of interested so we kind of
+vRcgj__5nnU-00748-00184415-00184571 can guess right that the average is
+vRcgj__5nnU-00749-00184572-00184673 going to be somewhere in the middle
+vRcgj__5nnU-00750-00184674-00185116 between like 23 and 28 right it has the
+vRcgj__5nnU-00751-00185117-00185464 23 is going to be below zero and the 28
+vRcgj__5nnU-00752-00185465-00185704 is going to be above zero
+vRcgj__5nnU-00753-00185705-00185861 um so it's just kind of shows you how
+vRcgj__5nnU-00754-00185862-00186083 far away it is
+vRcgj__5nnU-00755-00186084-00186407 which
+vRcgj__5nnU-00756-00186408-00186623 and what we expect
+vRcgj__5nnU-00757-00186624-00187354 we'll see if everyone
+vRcgj__5nnU-00758-00187355-00187643 so this is just the histogram open let
+vRcgj__5nnU-00759-00187644-00187769 me see if I can
+vRcgj__5nnU-00760-00187770-00188140 with the surrender so as you can see now
+vRcgj__5nnU-00761-00188141-00188440 the we've shifted it to be around zero
+vRcgj__5nnU-00762-00188441-00188687 so that now we can compare say the ages
+vRcgj__5nnU-00763-00188688-00188981 to the maternal weights and you can
+vRcgj__5nnU-00764-00188982-00189173 compare those distributions you know
+vRcgj__5nnU-00765-00189174-00189364 like maybe even if we're interested in
+vRcgj__5nnU-00766-00189365-00189664 is you know do uh women who have
+vRcgj__5nnU-00767-00189665-00189964 children later in life tend to weigh
+vRcgj__5nnU-00768-00189965-00190283 more or less right those are two things
+vRcgj__5nnU-00769-00190284-00190445 that we can't really compare very easily
+vRcgj__5nnU-00770-00190446-00190613 without shipping them to something else
+vRcgj__5nnU-00771-00190614-00191161 so that we can uh we said apples to apps
+vRcgj__5nnU-00772-00191162-00191597 standard units um and yeah so pretty
+vRcgj__5nnU-00773-00191598-00191747 straightforward we're really kind of
+vRcgj__5nnU-00774-00191748-00192052 building up to a real tool chain
+vRcgj__5nnU-00775-00192053-00192257 um and so in order to do that we need to
+vRcgj__5nnU-00776-00192258-00192419 standard units we can say information
+vRcgj__5nnU-00777-00192420-00192563 Etc
+vRcgj__5nnU-00778-00192564-00192701 so
+vRcgj__5nnU-00779-00192702-00192785 um
+vRcgj__5nnU-00780-00192786-00193049 one of the things that is kind of from
+vRcgj__5nnU-00781-00193050-00193295 an eyeball perspective a lot of data in
+vRcgj__5nnU-00782-00193296-00193487 the natural world right and Cindy
+vRcgj__5nnU-00783-00193488-00193637 belching you've probably heard this
+vRcgj__5nnU-00784-00193638-00193745 before
+vRcgj__5nnU-00785-00193746-00193961 um you know grades generally should be
+vRcgj__5nnU-00786-00193962-00194104 delicate
+vRcgj__5nnU-00787-00194105-00194225 um otherwise they're going to be a
+vRcgj__5nnU-00788-00194226-00194459 problem with the the degree mechanism or
+vRcgj__5nnU-00789-00194460-00194633 the exam say
+vRcgj__5nnU-00790-00194634-00194993 um so but what you can do is it you can
+vRcgj__5nnU-00791-00194994-00195137 actually eye level with standard
+vRcgj__5nnU-00792-00195138-00195443 deviation by looking at vulgar so if you
+vRcgj__5nnU-00793-00195444-00195628 see the bell curve
+vRcgj__5nnU-00794-00195629-00195904 um the average development center right
+vRcgj__5nnU-00795-00195905-00196193 and then uh the point of inflected and
+vRcgj__5nnU-00796-00196194-00196349 I'll show you the slide which is clear
+vRcgj__5nnU-00797-00196350-00196504 that's where the first standard
+vRcgj__5nnU-00798-00196505-00196726 deviation is on either side
+vRcgj__5nnU-00799-00196727-00197104 so if you look here where I kind of try
+vRcgj__5nnU-00800-00197105-00197285 to draw it in but basically it's where
+vRcgj__5nnU-00801-00197286-00197633 the curve starts to change pipes so like
+vRcgj__5nnU-00802-00197634-00197861 when you're going from kind of one curve
+vRcgj__5nnU-00803-00197862-00198095 to the other that's where that standard
+vRcgj__5nnU-00804-00198096-00198299 deviation is until we can kind of say
+vRcgj__5nnU-00805-00198300-00198473 okay the average is you know in the
+vRcgj__5nnU-00806-00198474-00198683 middle and then that's one standard V8
+vRcgj__5nnU-00807-00198684-00198916 and one over here okay and you can
+vRcgj__5nnU-00808-00198917-00199085 eyeball it by kind of looking at where
+vRcgj__5nnU-00809-00199086-00199307 it goes from like this kind of curve to
+vRcgj__5nnU-00810-00199308-00199499 this kind of curve
+vRcgj__5nnU-00811-00199500-00199643 all right but you can also obviously
+vRcgj__5nnU-00812-00199644-00200452 calculate it
+vRcgj__5nnU-00813-00200453-00200699 right so we're going to pull up just
+vRcgj__5nnU-00814-00200700-00200897 another histogram except we're setting
+vRcgj__5nnU-00815-00200898-00201143 the beams to make uh what I'm going to
+vRcgj__5nnU-00816-00201144-00201323 show a little more obvious
+vRcgj__5nnU-00817-00201324-00201640 um and it's pretty close to about her so
+vRcgj__5nnU-00818-00201641-00201923 we know that the mean is uh going to be
+vRcgj__5nnU-00819-00201924-00202199 16 about 64 and this standard deviation
+vRcgj__5nnU-00820-00202200-00202487 is about 2.5 and we can estimate that if
+vRcgj__5nnU-00821-00202488-00202673 we look at this picture right so we can
+vRcgj__5nnU-00822-00202674-00202852 say okay yeah that looks like about the
+vRcgj__5nnU-00823-00202853-00203075 middle right and then here's you know if
+vRcgj__5nnU-00824-00203076-00203297 we imagine there's a curve there yeah I
+vRcgj__5nnU-00825-00203298-00203549 can see why it would think why you know
+vRcgj__5nnU-00826-00203550-00203657 I would have guessed in standard
+vRcgj__5nnU-00827-00203658-00203926 deviation would be two and a half less
+vRcgj__5nnU-00828-00203927-00204269 than 64. okay so that would be whatever
+vRcgj__5nnU-00829-00204270-00204466 single one and a half so that would be
+vRcgj__5nnU-00830-00204467-00204713 about I don't know here ish right and
+vRcgj__5nnU-00831-00204714-00204869 that seems like out where that
+vRcgj__5nnU-00832-00204869-00205384 inflection point is on that curve
+vRcgj__5nnU-00833-00205385-00205703 and then oh this just calculates the
+vRcgj__5nnU-00834-00205704-00205942 actual uh distance in the state of
+vRcgj__5nnU-00835-00205944-00206273 radiation
+vRcgj__5nnU-00836-00206273-00206596 all right so uh basically now we know
+vRcgj__5nnU-00837-00206598-00206981 from our earlier graph right that we
+vRcgj__5nnU-00838-00206982-00207203 have a good chunk of them within one
+vRcgj__5nnU-00839-00207204-00207544 seat belt and 75 percent
+vRcgj__5nnU-00840-00207546-00207898 two standard deviation sorry
+vRcgj__5nnU-00841-00207900-00208390 oops
+vRcgj__5nnU-00842-00208391-00208631 all right so what we're going to do now
+vRcgj__5nnU-00843-00208632-00208912 though is that because if we have a
+vRcgj__5nnU-00844-00208913-00209188 normal distribution okay so
+vRcgj__5nnU-00845-00209189-00209369 um one of the common terms for this is a
+vRcgj__5nnU-00846-00209369-00209531 velker or other one you've heard a
+vRcgj__5nnU-00847-00209532-00209681 million times but it's actually called
+vRcgj__5nnU-00848-00209682-00210101 the normal distribution okay
+vRcgj__5nnU-00849-00210102-00210407 so that standard normal curve
+vRcgj__5nnU-00850-00210408-00210641 um and normal proportions no matter what
+vRcgj__5nnU-00851-00210642-00210755 the shape in the distribution the
+vRcgj__5nnU-00852-00210756-00210917 multiple data and the range the average
+vRcgj__5nnU-00853-00210917-00211115 plus or minus that use intervenations
+vRcgj__5nnU-00854-00211116-00211282 but
+vRcgj__5nnU-00855-00211283-00211558 if the if the histogram is bell-shaped
+vRcgj__5nnU-00856-00211559-00211792 then we get to go even further and we
+vRcgj__5nnU-00857-00211794-00212008 can say it's almost all of the data are
+vRcgj__5nnU-00858-00212009-00212225 in the range of average plus or minus
+vRcgj__5nnU-00859-00212226-00212465 three standard deviations
+vRcgj__5nnU-00860-00212466-00212692 right and so we can actually get even
+vRcgj__5nnU-00861-00212694-00213029 better than that it works on all
+vRcgj__5nnU-00862-00213030-00213191 distributions but if we had a normal
+vRcgj__5nnU-00863-00213192-00213394 distribution then we can actually say
+vRcgj__5nnU-00864-00213396-00213706 Okay within one standard deviation we
+vRcgj__5nnU-00865-00213707-00213953 have about 68 percent two we have 95
+vRcgj__5nnU-00866-00213954-00214282 399.7
+vRcgj__5nnU-00867-00214283-00214589 okay and those are also useful data
+vRcgj__5nnU-00868-00214590-00214696 values
+vRcgj__5nnU-00869-00214698-00214960 um and so if we can show that it's a
+vRcgj__5nnU-00870-00214961-00215110 normal distribution that's all that's
+vRcgj__5nnU-00871-00215111-00215369 even more about that data set uh kind of
+vRcgj__5nnU-00872-00215369-00215596 from just the fact that it's a normal
+vRcgj__5nnU-00873-00215598-00216173 distribution
+vRcgj__5nnU-00874-00216173-00216484 all right so kind of tying it back to
+vRcgj__5nnU-00875-00216485-00216832 um the center and spread uh we also call
+vRcgj__5nnU-00876-00216833-00217132 this the Central Area okay so Tuesday
+vRcgj__5nnU-00877-00217133-00217577 the remediations which one will say is
+vRcgj__5nnU-00878-00217578-00218008 95 of the data okay looks like this so
+vRcgj__5nnU-00879-00218009-00218315 what does that mean uh in terms of the
+vRcgj__5nnU-00880-00218316-00218531 stuff we've been doing well here's that
+vRcgj__5nnU-00881-00218532-00218789 our key cut off there is about negative
+vRcgj__5nnU-00882-00218790-00219058 two right and positive two because
+vRcgj__5nnU-00883-00219059-00219244 that's two and a half percent left
+vRcgj__5nnU-00884-00219246-00219460 because we know that the yellow area is
+vRcgj__5nnU-00885-00219461-00219784 95 so we have five percent left and that
+vRcgj__5nnU-00886-00219785-00219929 can be our column
+vRcgj__5nnU-00887-00219930-00221105 right
+vRcgj__5nnU-00888-00221106-00221423 I am wildly off on estimating the
+vRcgj__5nnU-00889-00221423-00221669 lecture genes that all right this week
+vRcgj__5nnU-00890-00221669-00221908 for the last two days
+vRcgj__5nnU-00892-00225557-00226487 thank you
+vRcgj__5nnU-00893-00226488-00226673 so let's talk a little bit about the
+vRcgj__5nnU-00894-00226673-00226829 central limit theorem
+vRcgj__5nnU-00895-00226830-00226996 because
+vRcgj__5nnU-00896-00226998-00229553 should be in
+vRcgj__5nnU-00897-00229554-00229715 okay so we talked about the central
+vRcgj__5nnU-00898-00229716-00229975 limit theorem so that that Central area
+vRcgj__5nnU-00899-00229976-00230165 that describes how the normal
+vRcgj__5nnU-00900-00230166-00230339 distribution of our paper is connected
+vRcgj__5nnU-00901-00230340-00230542 to random sample averages and we care
+vRcgj__5nnU-00902-00230544-00230669 about sample averages because they
+vRcgj__5nnU-00903-00230669-00230975 estimate population averages so what
+vRcgj__5nnU-00904-00230976-00231323 does that mean so if the sample is large
+vRcgj__5nnU-00905-00231323-00231484 and run at random weight replacement
+vRcgj__5nnU-00906-00231485-00231653 then regardless of the distribution
+vRcgj__5nnU-00907-00231654-00231887 population the probability distribution
+vRcgj__5nnU-00908-00231888-00232121 of the sample average for shown in
+vRcgj__5nnU-00909-00232121-00232475 roughly the normal distribution so
+vRcgj__5nnU-00910-00232476-00232727 that's excuse me
+vRcgj__5nnU-00911-00232728-00232975 um
+vRcgj__5nnU-00912-00232976-00233248 so basically what is the kind of saying
+vRcgj__5nnU-00913-00233250-00233494 with math behind it okay is that you can
+vRcgj__5nnU-00914-00233496-00233734 pick a large population you can actually
+vRcgj__5nnU-00915-00233735-00234082 get uh good estimates when you uh draw
+vRcgj__5nnU-00916-00234083-00234394 at random front end to you know make
+vRcgj__5nnU-00917-00234396-00234653 some sort of estimate about that data uh
+vRcgj__5nnU-00918-00234654-00234815 which I think we've talked about and we
+vRcgj__5nnU-00919-00234816-00234953 know a little bit but this is kind of
+vRcgj__5nnU-00920-00234954-00235331 the the real version so
+vRcgj__5nnU-00921-00235332-00235805 um
+vRcgj__5nnU-00922-00235806-00236189 so if we look at kind of the data now
+vRcgj__5nnU-00923-00236190-00237455 let me let me do the Demo First
+vRcgj__5nnU-00925-00241182-00241355 so
+vRcgj__5nnU-00926-00241356-00241529 hopefully this is all independent
+vRcgj__5nnU-00927-00241530-00241810 integral working all right so if we look
+vRcgj__5nnU-00928-00241811-00241948 at simple in theorem so we're going to
+vRcgj__5nnU-00929-00241950-00242308 load that United Air uh aerial place in
+vRcgj__5nnU-00930-00242309-00242382 place
+vRcgj__5nnU-00931-00242383-00242789 uh data which you've seen and the first
+vRcgj__5nnU-00932-00242790-00242956 thing we do is we fill into the number
+vRcgj__5nnU-00933-00242957-00243221 of rows because what we want to do is
+vRcgj__5nnU-00934-00243221-00243544 think about how can we sample on it so
+vRcgj__5nnU-00935-00243546-00243623 um
+vRcgj__5nnU-00936-00243623-00243832 what if the population is equal seven
+vRcgj__5nnU-00937-00243833-00244139 and the sample size is equal to two Okay
+vRcgj__5nnU-00938-00244140-00244517 then we'll get 49 versions of it or
+vRcgj__5nnU-00939-00244517-00244858 possibly right so with our current one
+vRcgj__5nnU-00940-00244859-00245117 and we want to do we did the samples of
+vRcgj__5nnU-00941-00245117-00245392 that whole population uh let's say we
+vRcgj__5nnU-00942-00245394-00245698 want to do 100 right that's a very large
+vRcgj__5nnU-00943-00245700-00245873 number of combinations
+vRcgj__5nnU-00944-00245873-00246101 okay so that's going to be too many to
+vRcgj__5nnU-00945-00246102-00246515 be work with right
+vRcgj__5nnU-00946-00246516-00246796 so
+vRcgj__5nnU-00947-00246798-00246953 what about if we wanted to get something
+vRcgj__5nnU-00948-00246954-00247234 realistic right so that's with 400 and
+vRcgj__5nnU-00949-00247235-00247373 then it should kind of keeps going up
+vRcgj__5nnU-00950-00247373-00247558 from there and gets really bad so if we
+vRcgj__5nnU-00951-00247559-00247744 look at this hintogram
+vRcgj__5nnU-00952-00247746-00247871 um I just showed them to you technical
+vRcgj__5nnU-00953-00247871-00248087 so the histogram of the flank delays we
+vRcgj__5nnU-00954-00248088-00248279 had a long tail out there
+vRcgj__5nnU-00955-00248280-00248723 but we know that the mean is very skewed
+vRcgj__5nnU-00956-00248723-00249053 right but the standard deviation is also
+vRcgj__5nnU-00957-00249054-00249292 kind of like skewed as a result because
+vRcgj__5nnU-00958-00249294-00249634 it ends up being like 40 out here right
+vRcgj__5nnU-00959-00249635-00249821 so that's one standard deviation because
+vRcgj__5nnU-00960-00249821-00250192 the the tail here is so long uh so we
+vRcgj__5nnU-00961-00250194-00250391 end up with these with the kind of data
+vRcgj__5nnU-00962-00250392-00250589 that is kind of difficult to work with
+vRcgj__5nnU-00963-00250590-00250865 because it's so cute
+vRcgj__5nnU-00964-00250866-00251069 so it said maybe we look at the median
+vRcgj__5nnU-00965-00251069-00251303 and we see that the median is actually
+vRcgj__5nnU-00966-00251304-00251663 two and so what we can do then is we'll
+vRcgj__5nnU-00967-00251664-00251944 take a sample mean
+vRcgj__5nnU-00968-00251946-00252358 okay and try to make this work such that
+vRcgj__5nnU-00969-00252359-00252569 we don't have to do as much work as
+vRcgj__5nnU-00970-00252569-00252905 going all the way back here so we're
+vRcgj__5nnU-00971-00252906-00253037 going to use the central limit theorem
+vRcgj__5nnU-00972-00253038-00253337 by basically making uh or taking a
+vRcgj__5nnU-00973-00253338-00253906 smaller number of examples
+vRcgj__5nnU-00974-00253907-00254387 very fast okay
+vRcgj__5nnU-00975-00254388-00254542 oh there we go we didn't actually call
+vRcgj__5nnU-00976-00254544-00254632 it
+vRcgj__5nnU-00977-00254633-00254908 um okay so if I get 10 000 sample means
+vRcgj__5nnU-00978-00254909-00255394 okay and I pull out I'm sorry wait no
+vRcgj__5nnU-00979-00255396-00255731 right so sorry I always say this I want
+vRcgj__5nnU-00980-00255732-00255917 to try to say this very currently I'm
+vRcgj__5nnU-00981-00255917-00256132 gonna have for a hundred sample means
+vRcgj__5nnU-00982-00256133-00256487 I'm going to go and run 10 000
+vRcgj__5nnU-00983-00256488-00256805 iterations of samples okay so I'm going
+vRcgj__5nnU-00984-00256806-00256991 to do 100 sets
+vRcgj__5nnU-00985-00256992-00257255 of a thousand to find out what those
+vRcgj__5nnU-00986-00257256-00257410 means are and we're going to get really
+vRcgj__5nnU-00987-00257411-00257560 big from there
+vRcgj__5nnU-00988-00257561-00257825 and
+vRcgj__5nnU-00989-00257826-00258671 as it says it's very slow
+vRcgj__5nnU-00990-00258671-00258863 so what we're gonna what we're gonna
+vRcgj__5nnU-00991-00258864-00259079 find right is that we don't want to do
+vRcgj__5nnU-00992-00259080-00259319 this it's too big right like this takes
+vRcgj__5nnU-00993-00259319-00259444 a month I don't know the current Nations
+vRcgj__5nnU-00994-00259446-00259655 okay imagine it it was a real data set
+vRcgj__5nnU-00995-00259656-00259865 that was much much bigger it's going to
+vRcgj__5nnU-00996-00259866-00260110 be my partner so we're gonna find some
+vRcgj__5nnU-00997-00260111-00260291 tricks to get better
+vRcgj__5nnU-00998-00260292-00261010 uh someday when this finishes up
+vRcgj__5nnU-00999-00261011-00261341 so we end up with some nice histograms
+vRcgj__5nnU-01000-00261342-00261671 though where we're starting to get to
+vRcgj__5nnU-01001-00261671-00261946 that average delay and having a more
+vRcgj__5nnU-01002-00261948-00262360 useful data but if you notice right
+vRcgj__5nnU-01003-00262361-00262613 what we want is we want to think about
+vRcgj__5nnU-01004-00262614-00262925 you know that Center and spread so this
+vRcgj__5nnU-01005-00262926-00263141 is really far apart right it goes from
+vRcgj__5nnU-01006-00263142-00263363 like five to Thirty
+vRcgj__5nnU-01007-00263364-00263645 um and but then it goes 12 to 22 and
+vRcgj__5nnU-01008-00263646-00263939 then this goes I don't know 12 to 20. so
+vRcgj__5nnU-01009-00263940-00264082 it's starting to get tighter so
+vRcgj__5nnU-01010-00264083-00264227 basically what we're showing here is
+vRcgj__5nnU-01011-00264228-00264401 that Central limit theorem says if we
+vRcgj__5nnU-01012-00264402-00264623 keep making bigger samples right we'll
+vRcgj__5nnU-01013-00264624-00264929 actually get closer to the radius and I
+vRcgj__5nnU-01014-00264930-00265115 can overlay I think this is overlays
+vRcgj__5nnU-01015-00265116-00265271 them yeah
+vRcgj__5nnU-01016-00265272-00265499 um and so you can see right kind of very
+vRcgj__5nnU-01017-00265500-00265769 visually that pulling bigger samples is
+vRcgj__5nnU-01018-00265770-00266141 a much better choice okay so remember
+vRcgj__5nnU-01019-00266142-00266279 what we're doing is we're saying
+vRcgj__5nnU-01020-00266280-00266465 actually it's the same size sample each
+vRcgj__5nnU-01021-00266466-00266669 time but how many times we go through
+vRcgj__5nnU-01022-00266670-00266891 the sample and then we run the average
+vRcgj__5nnU-01023-00266892-00267125 on it uh and then we end up with the
+vRcgj__5nnU-01024-00267126-00267293 historical looks like this so we do it
+vRcgj__5nnU-01025-00267294-00267539 900 times instead of somehow much better
+vRcgj__5nnU-01026-00267540-00267784 than if we do it 100.
+vRcgj__5nnU-01027-00267785-00268084 um and in future lecture maybe next
+vRcgj__5nnU-01028-00268085-00268253 lecture maybe one of that we'll talk
+vRcgj__5nnU-01029-00268254-00268408 about like how do we figure out what
+vRcgj__5nnU-01030-00268409-00268847 that number is right because what is b
+vRcgj__5nnU-01031-00268848-00269497 so kind of going back here up there here
+vRcgj__5nnU-01032-00269498-00269884 we can look at our original data set
+vRcgj__5nnU-01033-00269885-00270071 right so imagine we don't actually have
+vRcgj__5nnU-01034-00270072-00270358 this but if we do the mean of the 900
+vRcgj__5nnU-01035-00270359-00270545 flight delays we're starting to get
+vRcgj__5nnU-01036-00270546-00270875 closer right to what the actual mean is
+vRcgj__5nnU-01037-00270876-00271132 of our real population by doing this
+vRcgj__5nnU-01038-00271133-00271210 work
+vRcgj__5nnU-01039-00271211-00271439 so the problem is right now it's still
+vRcgj__5nnU-01040-00271440-00271703 using a lot of data or a lot of time but
+vRcgj__5nnU-01041-00271704-00271960 the central limit theorem lets us do
+vRcgj__5nnU-01042-00271961-00272213 this in a way and we can kind of prove
+vRcgj__5nnU-01043-00272214-00272489 them that it will that the average is in
+vRcgj__5nnU-01044-00272490-00272753 there somewhere okay and and uh Center
+vRcgj__5nnU-01045-00272754-00272999 and spread component of it is like how
+vRcgj__5nnU-01046-00273000-00273293 wide it is is how accurate we are right
+vRcgj__5nnU-01047-00273294-00273455 because if it's really wide obviously
+vRcgj__5nnU-01048-00273456-00273629 the average could be anywhere in that
+vRcgj__5nnU-01049-00273630-00274115 width the narrower it is the better
+vRcgj__5nnU-01050-00274116-00274499 and I apparently jumped the gun on the
+vRcgj__5nnU-01051-00274500-00274655 slide
+vRcgj__5nnU-01052-00274656-00274906 um and so if we imagine all possible
+vRcgj__5nnU-01053-00274907-00275045 random examples of the same type of
+vRcgj__5nnU-01054-00275046-00275243 manure there are lots of them but each
+vRcgj__5nnU-01055-00275244-00275429 of these tables has an average and the
+vRcgj__5nnU-01056-00275430-00275567 distribution of the sample average is
+vRcgj__5nnU-01057-00275568-00275782 the distribution of the average of all
+vRcgj__5nnU-01058-00275783-00276017 the possible things so
+vRcgj__5nnU-01059-00276018-00276317 what this kind of tells us is that it
+vRcgj__5nnU-01060-00276318-00276569 helps us proximate right it helps us get
+vRcgj__5nnU-01061-00276570-00276863 close to that average and the more the
+vRcgj__5nnU-01062-00276864-00277097 bigger the bigger the
+vRcgj__5nnU-01063-00277098-00277463 um the set of samples that we take is uh
+vRcgj__5nnU-01064-00277464-00277715 are a bigger of sets of samples that we
+vRcgj__5nnU-01065-00277716-00278027 take is that the closer we will be to
+vRcgj__5nnU-01066-00278028-00278201 the actual result
+vRcgj__5nnU-01067-00278202-00278465 and so that's kind of the central limit
+vRcgj__5nnU-01068-00278466-00278603 theorem
+vRcgj__5nnU-01069-00278604-00278806 um and we're going to kind of Leverage
+vRcgj__5nnU-01070-00278807-00279082 that to try to do some of our future
+vRcgj__5nnU-01071-00279083-00279280 work
+vRcgj__5nnU-01072-00279281-00280319 right right there
+vRcgj__5nnU-01073-00280320-00280517 yeah we'll stop there I know it's early
+vRcgj__5nnU-01074-00280518-00280715 but hey
+vRcgj__5nnU-01075-00280716-00280867 um
+vRcgj__5nnU-01076-00280868-00281141 uh any questions about that
+vRcgj__5nnU-01077-00281142-00281284 all right let me just jump back to
+vRcgj__5nnU-01078-00281285-00281441 project two just
+vRcgj__5nnU-01079-00281442-00281669 um it should be there any materials
+vRcgj__5nnU-01080-00281670-00281830 already
+vRcgj__5nnU-01081-00281831-00281899 um
+vRcgj__5nnU-01082-00281900-00282167 and basically you can work on it as
+vRcgj__5nnU-01083-00282168-00282443 groups okay the groups the rules are
+vRcgj__5nnU-01084-00282444-00282653 kind of in the in the project see the
+vRcgj__5nnU-01085-00282654-00282827 description but in short it's you can
+vRcgj__5nnU-01086-00282828-00283049 work with your boot from your lab from
+vRcgj__5nnU-01087-00283050-00283230 this time
+vRcgj__5nnU-01088-00283231-00283541 what was the attendance question today
+vRcgj__5nnU-01089-00283542-00283943 I think
+vRcgj__5nnU-01090-00283944-00284147 I usually rely on the fact that
+vRcgj__5nnU-01091-00284148-00284516 everybody gets it right and so
+vS3dV0_T0OQ-00000-00000400-00000518 all right
+vS3dV0_T0OQ-00001-00000519-00000790 [Music]
+vS3dV0_T0OQ-00002-00000791-00000950 good luck to
+vS3dV0_T0OQ-00003-00000951-00001119 shelby
+vS3dV0_T0OQ-00004-00001120-00001558 oh my god no oh no
+vS3dV0_T0OQ-00005-00001559-00001926 all right here we go
+vS3dV0_T0OQ-00006-00001927-00002690 [Music]
+vS3dV0_T0OQ-00007-00002691-00002807 [Music]
+vS3dV0_T0OQ-00008-00002808-00003199 blue oh [__] oh [__] me no
+vS3dV0_T0OQ-00009-00003200-00003543 no no no
+vS3dV0_T0OQ-00010-00003544-00004135 oh
+vS3dV0_T0OQ-00011-00004136-00004615 wait a minute oh
+vS3dV0_T0OQ-00012-00004616-00004895 the lowest you can get at 47 sorry the
+vS3dV0_T0OQ-00013-00004896-00006927 highest is 57 2 above the lowest oh
+vS3dV0_T0OQ-00014-00006928-00007287 a 49 spear grave is
+vS3dV0_T0OQ-00015-00007288-00007470 10 no
+vS3dV0_T0OQ-00016-00007472-00007646 no capro
+vS3dV0_T0OQ-00017-00007647-00007895 43 speargrave is probably gonna go for i
+vS3dV0_T0OQ-00018-00007895-00008119 mean 49 it's probably gonna go for like
+vS3dV0_T0OQ-00019-00008120-00008223 nothing
+vS3dV0_T0OQ-00020-00008224-00008478 three mil two mil
+vS3dV0_T0OQ-00021-00008479-00009159 two three
+vS3dV0_T0OQ-00022-00009160-00009414 look there's a 49
+vS3dV0_T0OQ-00023-00009415-00009783 but
+vS3dV0_T0OQ-00024-00009784-00010890 let me hate you
+vS3dV0_T0OQ-00025-00010891-00011127 [Music]
+vS3dV0_T0OQ-00026-00011128-00012335 shelby
+vS3dV0_T0OQ-00027-00012336-00013166 [Music]
+vS3dV0_T0OQ-00028-00013168-00013919 lenny we are ready for you
+vS3dV0_T0OQ-00029-00013921-00014615 [Music]
+vS3dV0_T0OQ-00030-00014616-00014951 i don't think rn jesus was by your side
+vS3dV0_T0OQ-00031-00014952-00015127 wait did this or god walk all the way
+vS3dV0_T0OQ-00032-00015128-00015399 back to base
+vS3dV0_T0OQ-00033-00015400-00015731 what the hell
+vSCHVaQ2LhE-00001-00003127-00003304 foreign
+vSCHVaQ2LhE-00003-00006522-00009064 foreign
+vSCHVaQ2LhE-00004-00009065-00010223 [Music]
+vSCHVaQ2LhE-00005-00010224-00011149 foreign
+vSCHVaQ2LhE-00006-00011150-00013263 [Applause]
+vSCHVaQ2LhE-00007-00013263-00013708 [Applause]
+vSCHVaQ2LhE-00008-00013709-00013866 foreign
+vSCHVaQ2LhE-00010-00017459-00019894 foreign
+vSCHVaQ2LhE-00011-00019895-00021257 [Applause]
+vSCHVaQ2LhE-00013-00024768-00025058 all right
+vXeE_NlFGog-00000-00000465-00000728 as a representative and employers
+vXeE_NlFGog-00001-00000729-00000941 representative of the social services in
+vXeE_NlFGog-00002-00000942-00001232 Belgium for us it is important to tackle
+vXeE_NlFGog-00003-00001233-00001457 the challenge of health care child care
+vXeE_NlFGog-00004-00001458-00001655 long-term care for elderly people
+vXeE_NlFGog-00005-00001655-00001960 throughout European Union and this is
+vXeE_NlFGog-00006-00001961-00002324 why we are very much pleased at European
+vXeE_NlFGog-00007-00002325-00002530 Commission in the social pillar
+vXeE_NlFGog-00008-00002531-00002815 recognises the social services as an
+vXeE_NlFGog-00009-00002816-00003142 important ingredient in order to boost
+vXeE_NlFGog-00010-00003143-00003383 economic growth and in order to enhance
+vXeE_NlFGog-00011-00003384-00003659 social inclusion so it's very important
+vXeE_NlFGog-00012-00003660-00003890 that social services aren't looked upon
+vXeE_NlFGog-00013-00003890-00004097 as a cost but we are very much
+vXeE_NlFGog-00014-00004098-00004526 unnecessary infants investment
+vYujG101WHg-00000-00000000-00000229 I cannot come from America a hoof team
+vYujG101WHg-00001-00000231-00000394 in Kennebunk wolf demon cannot come from
+vYujG101WHg-00002-00000395-00000649 you know all different places the world
+vYujG101WHg-00003-00000650-00000767 they come in this city and they give you
+vYujG101WHg-00004-00000768-00001118 a dust we can only help a little bit you
+vYujG101WHg-00005-00001119-00001253 can only help a little bit the real
+vYujG101WHg-00006-00001254-00001399 change that will come in your child's
+vYujG101WHg-00007-00001400-00001616 life will come from you I'll come from
+vYujG101WHg-00008-00001617-00001850 you but I'm gonna have laminas why Gina
+vYujG101WHg-00009-00001851-00002057 was already a female karate iron and now
+vYujG101WHg-00010-00002058-00002207 let me talk to the sisters for a little
+vYujG101WHg-00011-00002208-00002573 bit sisters you're stuck with your
+vYujG101WHg-00012-00002574-00002938 husband stop being angry accept it and
+vYujG101WHg-00013-00002939-00003245 try to love your husband trying to make
+vYujG101WHg-00014-00003246-00003485 your husband happy because believe me if
+vYujG101WHg-00015-00003486-00003715 he gets even a little bit happy you will
+vYujG101WHg-00016-00003717-00004076 be really happy I'm telling you right
+vYujG101WHg-00017-00004077-00004279 now you say I'm angry why should he be
+vYujG101WHg-00018-00004280-00004645 happy I know you I know I've talked to
+vYujG101WHg-00019-00004646-00005002 enough of you I know he doesn't care
+vYujG101WHg-00020-00005003-00005159 about me why should I care about him and
+vYujG101WHg-00021-00005160-00005336 he thinks the same thing she doesn't
+vYujG101WHg-00022-00005337-00005438 care about me why should I care about
+vYujG101WHg-00023-00005439-00005774 her you start you'd be nice to him you
+vYujG101WHg-00024-00005775-00005975 smile at him and he'll get he'll get all
+vYujG101WHg-00025-00005976-00006295 shocked why why are you smiling
+vYujG101WHg-00026-00006296-00006698 wah-hah is everything okay you know is
+vYujG101WHg-00027-00006698-00007078 your mother here is that you know you
+vYujG101WHg-00028-00007079-00007280 know uh-uh
+vYujG101WHg-00029-00007281-00007508 you have to be nice to your husband you
+vYujG101WHg-00030-00007509-00007696 have to don't dress up when you go to a
+vYujG101WHg-00031-00007697-00008114 wedding dress up for your husband even
+vYujG101WHg-00032-00008115-00008282 if you have four kids it doesn't matter
+vYujG101WHg-00033-00008283-00008549 dress up for your husband there's enough
+vYujG101WHg-00034-00008550-00008852 shape on and fitnah outside so your
+vYujG101WHg-00035-00008853-00009017 husband should find beauty in you not
+vYujG101WHg-00036-00009018-00009271 anywhere else you should you should and
+vYujG101WHg-00037-00009272-00009421 you should become you should compliment
+vYujG101WHg-00038-00009422-00009644 your life you should say nice things to
+vYujG101WHg-00039-00009645-00009871 your wife you shouldn't just always
+vYujG101WHg-00040-00009872-00010028 complain where are the keys where is the
+vYujG101WHg-00041-00010029-00010253 mail did you get them did you get the
+vYujG101WHg-00042-00010254-00010385 girl streets did you do this did you all
+vYujG101WHg-00043-00010386-00010489 you didn't know anything or you don't
+vYujG101WHg-00044-00010490-00010792 listen to me stop man there's not enough
+vYujG101WHg-00045-00010793-00010831 salt
+vYujG101WHg-00046-00010832-00011003 there's too much salt there's not enough
+vYujG101WHg-00047-00011004-00011177 sugar there's too much sugar it's not
+vYujG101WHg-00048-00011178-00011563 hot enough it's too hard stop stop
+vYujG101WHg-00049-00011564-00011881 say nice things to your wife and I know
+vYujG101WHg-00050-00011882-00012053 if you're like Indian Pakistani then
+vYujG101WHg-00051-00012054-00012223 it's very difficult for you
+vYujG101WHg-00052-00012224-00012553 I know it's very hard to say nice things
+vYujG101WHg-00053-00012554-00012805 to your wife in our culture if you say
+vYujG101WHg-00054-00012806-00013221 nice things to your wife your ribs hurt
+vYujG101WHg-00055-00013222-00013444 you know so you have to immediately
+vYujG101WHg-00056-00013444-00013696 follow it up with something mean you
+vYujG101WHg-00057-00013697-00013840 have to say something bad right after to
+vYujG101WHg-00058-00013841-00014047 balance the equation you can't just say
+vYujG101WHg-00059-00014047-00014257 nice things so if the food is really
+vYujG101WHg-00060-00014258-00014425 good like oh I still wanna check out of
+vYujG101WHg-00061-00014426-00014563 an eye but I still hate your mother it's
+vYujG101WHg-00062-00014563-00014869 like something yeah you have to add
+vYujG101WHg-00063-00014869-00015316 something you know but don't try to be
+vYujG101WHg-00064-00015316-00015574 this is the door we are asking Allah to
+vYujG101WHg-00065-00015575-00015769 give us so much happiness from our wife
+vYujG101WHg-00066-00015769-00015963 and our husband and our children
+vYujG101WHg-00067-00015965-00016241 that it makes us want to cry out of joy
+vYujG101WHg-00068-00016243-00016519 how will that happen you cannot ask
+vYujG101WHg-00069-00016520-00016705 Allah for something and not make any
+vYujG101WHg-00070-00016706-00016954 effort yourself it doesn't work that way
+vYujG101WHg-00071-00016955-00017167 you cannot say I'll be driving me mopey
+vYujG101WHg-00072-00017168-00017419 muscle Gotti may Allah make me establish
+vYujG101WHg-00073-00017420-00017602 her of the prayer and you're sitting
+vYujG101WHg-00074-00017603-00017830 lying down in bed Don's going on you're
+vYujG101WHg-00075-00017831-00018199 like Robby Johnny McKee Maserati is not
+vYujG101WHg-00076-00018200-00018379 gonna send you angels that carry you and
+vYujG101WHg-00077-00018380-00018571 lift you to the salaat and doesn't make
+vYujG101WHg-00078-00018572-00018750 you make Rikuo and get you back you
+vYujG101WHg-00079-00018751-00019069 gotta get up yourself man you make dua
+vYujG101WHg-00080-00019070-00019272 and you makes an effort yourself you're
+vYujG101WHg-00081-00019273-00019425 not gonna make dua and all of a sudden
+vYujG101WHg-00082-00019426-00019600 your wife will start loving you no you
+vYujG101WHg-00083-00019601-00019858 have to show our love to you have to do
+vYujG101WHg-00084-00019859-00019981 that you have to make some effort in the
+vYujG101WHg-00085-00019982-00020227 house I am Telling You this is the work
+vYujG101WHg-00087-00024942-00025148 you
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00000-00000008-00000175 people should check their risk tolerance
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00001-00000176-00000366 because we are seeing a lot of froth
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00002-00000367-00000574 throughout the industry the crypto bull
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00003-00000575-00000799 run may have reached an inflection point
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00004-00000800-00001031 while bitcoin has been ranging sideways
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00005-00001032-00001174 for the last few months
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00006-00001175-00001335 a number of altcoins have been
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00007-00001336-00001558 registering outstanding gains
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00008-00001559-00001726 the decline of bitcoin's market
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00009-00001727-00001934 dominance has sparked concerns around
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00010-00001935-00002142 the sustainability of this bull cycle
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00011-00002143-00002318 we have some meme coins for example
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00012-00002319-00002447 doing exceptionally well
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00013-00002448-00002607 and those are those are kind of warning
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00014-00002608-00002831 signs uh for for the cycle
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00015-00002832-00003087 tesla stopping bitcoin payments due to
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00016-00003088-00003279 environmental concerns has put
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00017-00003279-00003511 more pressure on the market how much
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00018-00003511-00003735 upside potential is left in this bitcoin
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00019-00003736-00003847 bull run
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00020-00003847-00004063 are competitors threatening bitcoin's
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00021-00004064-00004199 network effect
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00022-00004200-00004406 facing uncertainty what should investors
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00023-00004407-00004647 do in order to protect their portfolio
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00024-00004648-00004847 to answer these questions we reached out
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00025-00004848-00004999 to strategic investor
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00026-00005000-00005152 lynn alden
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00027-00005153-00005535 [Music]
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00028-00005536-00005718 so the last time you talked to us back
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00029-00005719-00005918 in november you predicted bitcoin's
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00030-00005919-00006143 growing network effect would propel it
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00031-00006144-00006422 to a one trillion dollar market cap i
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00032-00006423-00006606 think the market cap could easily go to
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00033-00006608-00006727 over a trillion
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00034-00006728-00006895 uh because that's that's still a small
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00035-00006895-00007046 fraction of gold's market cap
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00036-00007047-00007334 that target has been reached so congrats
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00037-00007336-00007534 for the successful prediction
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00038-00007536-00007839 uh the question now is how much steam is
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00039-00007840-00008070 left in the bitcoin bull cycle
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00040-00008072-00008303 and is there still upside potential or
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00041-00008304-00008495 we reached already the top
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00042-00008496-00008599 yeah i think that's a really good
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00043-00008600-00008751 question and admittedly it's hard to
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00044-00008752-00008823 answer so
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00045-00008824-00008942 if you look at you know a couple
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00046-00008943-00009110 different indicators they're telling us
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00047-00009111-00009310 uh somewhat conflicting things
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00048-00009311-00009510 uh and so you know we've had a you know
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00049-00009511-00009735 two and a half months consolidation
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00050-00009736-00009895 we've built up a lot of uh you know
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00051-00009896-00010071 support here but also a decent amount of
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00052-00010072-00010174 resistance
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00053-00010175-00010335 uh and if you look at you know a bunch
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00054-00010336-00010527 of indicators like you know the huddle
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00055-00010528-00010774 wave like for example the cycle of of
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00056-00010775-00011103 longer term uh uh holders selling into
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00057-00011104-00011287 some of the new uh bullishness
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00058-00011288-00011503 uh that's not been as extensive as
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00059-00011504-00011591 previous uh
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00060-00011592-00011759 cycles so far uh which generally
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00061-00011760-00011910 indicates there's probably still more to
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00062-00011911-00011999 go
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00063-00012000-00012151 if you look at different momentum
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00064-00012152-00012374 indicators like the you know the
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00065-00012375-00012567 how far above the market capitalization
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00066-00012568-00012695 is compared to the realized
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00067-00012696-00012830 capitalization which is kind of a
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00068-00012831-00013007 measure of cost basis
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00069-00013008-00013263 and others other sort of um you know say
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00070-00013263-00013486 deviations from moving averages
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00071-00013487-00013703 it never really had quite the blow off
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00072-00013704-00013791 top that it had
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00073-00013791-00014055 in previous post having cycles and so by
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00074-00014056-00014207 a lot of those metrics uh you know
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00075-00014208-00014327 there's probably still
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00076-00014328-00014607 upside to go on the other hand there are
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00077-00014608-00014766 some indicators like the the pi
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00078-00014768-00015022 top indicator that have signaled a top
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00079-00015023-00015111 and so
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00080-00015112-00015271 you know there are kind of uh some mixed
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00081-00015272-00015415 signals out there to you know
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00082-00015416-00015679 be on the lookout for uh and so my base
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00083-00015680-00015863 case continues to be higher
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00084-00015863-00016119 uh but it's certainly a much it's a more
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00085-00016119-00016166 mixed
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00086-00016168-00016366 uh you know kind of a less asymmetric
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00087-00016368-00016575 outcome than it was you know when i made
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00088-00016576-00016799 the call back in in 2020 throughout that
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00089-00016800-00016879 period uh
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00090-00016880-00017015 and so it's still in that that
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00091-00017016-00017247 inflection point where it could go
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00092-00017248-00017358 either way but
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00093-00017359-00017494 my base case would be that there's
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00094-00017495-00017711 probably still more to go in the cycle
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00095-00017712-00017919 and also i heard that you were also
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00096-00017920-00018086 analyzing the flows
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00097-00018087-00018422 uh that are coming from cryptocurrency
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00098-00018423-00018711 exchanges that are bigger than the flows
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00099-00018712-00018903 coming into cryptocurrency exchanges
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00100-00018904-00018943 that
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00101-00018944-00019183 should be also the sign that uh
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00102-00019184-00019399 investors are still piling up bitcoins
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00103-00019400-00019486 right
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00104-00019487-00019599 yeah that's been actually one of the
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00105-00019600-00019743 things that's different from every other
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00106-00019744-00019935 cycle because in previous cycles
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00107-00019936-00020103 you know there was like small periods of
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00108-00020104-00020367 time where where coins left exchanges
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00109-00020368-00020550 uh whereas this was by far the longest
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00110-00020551-00020743 period of time where coins left
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00111-00020744-00020839 exchanges
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00112-00020840-00021007 uh and you know there are so the most
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00113-00021008-00021135 bullish version there is that you
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00114-00021136-00021199 basically have
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00115-00021200-00021367 you know this this big influx of
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00116-00021368-00021527 corporate buyers and other institutional
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00117-00021528-00021727 buyers locking up coins in cold storage
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00118-00021728-00021839 that are probably not going to move for
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00119-00021840-00021894 a while
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00120-00021895-00022111 uh the more kind of a neutral uh you
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00121-00022112-00022222 know interpretation of that
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00122-00022223-00022455 is that uh you know because of the rise
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00123-00022456-00022630 of things like stable coins
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00124-00022631-00022927 uh especially in this cycle um bitcoin's
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00125-00022928-00023103 less used as the unit of account for
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00126-00023104-00023303 trading different crypto pairs
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00127-00023304-00023503 uh and so it's more of an asset in its
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00128-00023504-00023671 own right and therefore there needs to
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00129-00023672-00023878 be fewer of it on exchanges because
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00130-00023879-00024007 stable coins have
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00131-00024008-00024263 have somewhat taken that role uh in the
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00132-00024264-00024319 industry
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00133-00024320-00024471 and so you can you know bulls and bears
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00134-00024472-00024591 can kind of interpret that in different
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00135-00024592-00024663 ways
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00136-00024664-00024807 uh but overall that's certainly an
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00137-00024808-00024935 interesting sign because we're not
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00138-00024936-00024999 seeing
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00139-00025000-00025191 coins go to exchanges like we'd often
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00140-00025192-00025399 see towards the end of a bull cycle
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00141-00025400-00025622 in a recent interview you said that at
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00142-00025623-00025814 this point bitcoin investors
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00143-00025816-00026031 at least some of them should think of
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00144-00026032-00026255 they're risking their bitcoin investment
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00145-00026256-00026431 by taking some money off the table and
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00146-00026432-00026639 putting it into other assets
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00147-00026639-00026814 so can you explain what is the rationale
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00148-00026816-00027046 behind this recommendation of yours
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00149-00027047-00027143 yeah it's not a it's not a
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00150-00027144-00027327 recommendation more so it's just people
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00151-00027327-00027462 should check their risk tolerance
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00152-00027463-00027655 because we are seeing a lot of froth
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00153-00027656-00027790 throughout the industry
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00154-00027791-00027983 you know we have we have some meme coins
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00155-00027983-00028174 for example doing exceptionally well
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00156-00028175-00028327 and those are those are kind of warning
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00157-00028327-00028558 signs uh for for the cycle
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00158-00028560-00028758 uh and so you know for me i had the
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00159-00028760-00028879 ironic problem
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00160-00028880-00029079 where you know i invested in bitcoin
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00161-00029080-00029207 early last year
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00162-00029208-00029367 uh as you know kind of a moderate
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00163-00029368-00029599 position uh but when that goes up like
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00164-00029600-00029831 you know 8x that's suddenly a very large
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00165-00029832-00029943 position and so then
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00166-00029944-00030174 you're basically managing uh that large
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00167-00030175-00030302 position relative to the
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00168-00030303-00030479 other positions in the account and
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00169-00030480-00030623 eventually there could come a time where
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00170-00030624-00030799 rebalancing would make sense
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00171-00030800-00030967 uh now because i've done a lot of work
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00172-00030968-00031135 on the protocol i have a pretty high
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00173-00031136-00031311 conviction on it and so i'm i'm fine
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00174-00031312-00031343 with
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00175-00031344-00031567 maintaining a pretty large position but
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00176-00031568-00031718 different investors have different risk
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00177-00031719-00031790 tolerances
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00178-00031791-00032023 and so some investors are not fine with
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00179-00032024-00032214 you know that large percentage of their
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00180-00032216-00032431 gains still being in a single asset and
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00181-00032432-00032623 so for people who would have trouble
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00182-00032624-00032790 with you know drawdowns or periods of
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00183-00032791-00032959 volatility it can make sense to
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00184-00032960-00033190 rebalance and so it really comes down to
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00185-00033191-00033367 investors kind of analyzing their own
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00186-00033368-00033623 behavior related to volatility
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00187-00033624-00033767 and making a call based on their own
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00188-00033768-00033935 conviction on the asset class
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00189-00033936-00034159 uh krakens then held theorize the idea
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00190-00034160-00034295 of a super cycle
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00191-00034296-00034487 according to this theory bitcoin won't
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00192-00034488-00034695 have the retracement typical of previous
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00193-00034696-00034823 bear markets
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00194-00034824-00035055 and it will go straight to a million in
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00195-00035056-00035199 a massive asymmetric
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00196-00035200-00035431 move so what do you think about this
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00197-00035432-00035695 theory does it sound realistic to you
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00198-00035696-00035855 i think there's a realistic case for it
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00199-00035856-00036046 i mean certainly as a bitcoin long
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00200-00036047-00036262 uh you know i'd like to see it happen uh
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00201-00036263-00036511 i i try not to have aggressive scenarios
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00202-00036512-00036662 as my base case
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00203-00036663-00036927 uh and so my base case basically is that
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00204-00036928-00037079 as bitcoin goes from
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00205-00037080-00037351 you know near at zero and as it becomes
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00206-00037352-00037543 a larger larger asset class
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00207-00037544-00037759 that each post having bull run will be a
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00208-00037760-00037879 smaller percent gain
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00209-00037880-00038087 than the one before it and that's not
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00210-00038088-00038223 actually going to be the case but that's
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00211-00038224-00038302 kind of my
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00212-00038303-00038543 my my base case assumption because as as
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00213-00038544-00038695 you know the law of large numbers kicks
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00214-00038696-00038735 in
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00215-00038736-00038967 it takes a lot more capital uh to move
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00216-00038968-00039135 uh you know the price of the asset
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00217-00039136-00039351 and so you know my base case is that you
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00218-00039352-00039543 know this will be a cycle
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00219-00039544-00039807 you know similar to 2017 a little bit a
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00220-00039808-00039943 little bit less perhaps
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00221-00039944-00040135 and that's kind of how i'm i'm looking
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00222-00040136-00040318 out for for you know my own
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00223-00040319-00040518 say you know position sizing and things
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00224-00040519-00040735 like that now the case for a larger
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00225-00040736-00040799 cycle
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00226-00040800-00040951 is that you know this is the first cycle
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00227-00040952-00041095 where we have uh you know a meaningful
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00228-00041096-00041279 amount of institutions on board
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00229-00041280-00041446 uh some of them probably intend to hold
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00230-00041447-00041646 permanently uh you'll have
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00231-00041647-00041895 uh you know uh uh pools of capital that
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00232-00041896-00042023 are interested in rebalancing
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00233-00042024-00042199 right so if bitcoin does really well
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00234-00042200-00042343 they might they might trim it
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00235-00042344-00042471 uh we've already seen that in a couple
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00236-00042472-00042639 portfolios on the other hand if bitcoin
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00237-00042640-00042711 were to dip
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00238-00042712-00042967 they could rebalance back into it uh and
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00239-00042968-00043015 so
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00240-00043016-00043135 you know basically bitcoin has been
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00241-00043136-00043351 through enough cycles now that i think
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00242-00043352-00043479 you know a lot of investors especially
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00243-00043480-00043615 some of these larger investors are
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00244-00043616-00043727 confident in it
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00245-00043728-00043879 and so they're willing to kind of you
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00246-00043880-00044190 know uh buy the dip faster you could say
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00247-00044191-00044374 and so my base case would be you know
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00248-00044375-00044590 that you know in addition to maybe not
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00249-00044591-00044639 having
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00250-00044640-00044839 the same percent gains as previous
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00251-00044840-00045007 cycles the bitcoins draw
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00252-00045008-00045246 down uh i think would also be less
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00253-00045247-00045343 extreme
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00254-00045344-00045511 uh than some of the previous cycles and
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00255-00045512-00045687 so i don't know if i'm fully on board
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00256-00045688-00045743 with you know
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00257-00045744-00045918 a super cycle theory but i certainly
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00258-00045919-00046062 think that it makes sense for that idea
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00259-00046063-00046158 to be out there
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00260-00046159-00046302 and for for investors to kind of weigh
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00261-00046303-00046495 the probability of that happening
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00262-00046496-00046790 if you had to think about a time frame
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00263-00046791-00046951 when do you think we'll see
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00264-00046952-00047279 the end of the current cycle in terms of
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00265-00047280-00047327 uh
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00266-00047328-00047830 time frame 20 to end 2021
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00267-00047831-00048102 mid-2022 do you have any ideas about
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00268-00048103-00048167 that
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00269-00048168-00048343 i think there's a big variance there so
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00270-00048344-00048518 if you look at previous bitcoin cycles i
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00271-00048519-00048695 mean they generally got a little longer
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00272-00048696-00048958 each time um you know and so they've
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00273-00048959-00049174 been less explosive but longer
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00274-00049175-00049327 and so if that trend will continue it
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00275-00049328-00049502 could leak into 2022
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00276-00049503-00049743 this time around um if not you know if
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00277-00049744-00049886 we look at some of the macro headwinds
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00278-00049887-00049983 for example
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00279-00049984-00050095 uh you know some of the employment
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00280-00050096-00050246 benefits are expiring in the united
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00281-00050247-00050302 states
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00282-00050303-00050543 in in september uh and so basically it's
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00283-00050544-00050679 a little bit less fiscal support that's
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00284-00050680-00050774 going to be here
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00285-00050775-00050974 uh you know we're starting to see uh you
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00286-00050975-00051174 know some fed members get concerned
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00287-00051175-00051223 about
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00288-00051224-00051454 uh you know uh market uh kind of
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00289-00051455-00051542 euphoria
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00290-00051544-00051719 or you know potential for inflation and
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00291-00051720-00051823 so some of them have talked about
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00292-00051824-00052030 tapering asset purchases and so some of
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00293-00052032-00052175 these like less liquid financial
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00294-00052176-00052319 conditions
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00295-00052320-00052471 could put downward pressure on some of
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00296-00052472-00052615 these assets that have gone somewhat
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00297-00052616-00052711 parabolic
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00298-00052712-00052950 uh which in some ways fortunately is is
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00299-00052951-00053126 fine for bitcoin because already been in
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00300-00053127-00053223 this consolidation
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00301-00053224-00053423 whereas i'd be more concerned about you
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00302-00053424-00053630 know lesser tokens that have said gone
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00303-00053632-00053791 absolutely vertical in recent months
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00304-00053791-00053950 uh but basically you know as you look
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00305-00053951-00054119 out into quarter three uh
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00306-00054120-00054294 and then you know into quarter four some
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00307-00054295-00054463 of the macro risks uh
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00308-00054464-00054775 grow a little bit okay so overall an
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00309-00054776-00054982 optimistic view but still with uh
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00310-00054983-00055326 with some caveats to to look at yes
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00311-00055327-00055679 um moving on so in one of your latest
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00312-00055679-00055823 articles you said that uh
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00313-00055824-00056007 determining whether bitcoin is a good
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00314-00056008-00056247 place to allocate capital to or not
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00315-00056248-00056463 ultimately depends on an investor's
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00316-00056464-00056679 assessment of its network effect
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00317-00056679-00056854 so what are the main factors that we
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00318-00056855-00057079 should look at to understand
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00319-00057079-00057391 how healthy these bitcoins network
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00320-00057391-00057679 network effect look looks uh so
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00321-00057679-00057823 different ones one is
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00322-00057824-00058015 you know the number of users you know
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00323-00058016-00058263 coming in both on chain users
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00324-00058264-00058575 and estimates from exchanges i've also
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00325-00058576-00058750 you know in this cycle because we've had
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00326-00058751-00058919 institutional adoption
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00327-00058920-00059071 you know mainly only in bitcoin there's
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00328-00059072-00059223 some there's some funds that also buy
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00329-00059224-00059294 ethereum
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00330-00059295-00059423 uh but then as you go down into the
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00331-00059424-00059550 smaller coins you know there's not
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00332-00059551-00059671 really a lot of institutional interest
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00333-00059672-00059719 there
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00334-00059720-00059879 and so if you look at you know ways that
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00335-00059879-00060038 bitcoin and some of the other
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00336-00060039-00060254 you know top protocols have been adopted
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00337-00060255-00060391 into into institutions have been
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00338-00060391-00060503 interesting so you have things like
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00339-00060504-00060647 paypal integration
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00340-00060648-00060791 uh you have you know cash app
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00341-00060791-00060991 integration for bitcoin uh you know we
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00342-00060991-00061191 just got news for example that nydig is
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00343-00061191-00061319 partnering with banks
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00344-00061320-00061438 so that people will be able to buy
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00345-00061439-00061606 bitcoin through their existing banking
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00346-00061607-00061806 relationships in many cases
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00347-00061807-00062087 and so i keep uh also keep looking for
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00348-00062088-00062126 uh
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00349-00062127-00062366 new corporations that add uh bitcoin to
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00350-00062367-00062519 their balance sheet and so these are
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00351-00062520-00062647 these are companies that
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00352-00062648-00062799 you know they're not exchanges they're
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00353-00062800-00063038 not uh you know bitcoin native companies
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00354-00063039-00063215 but that decide to have a non-zero
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00355-00063216-00063366 bitcoin allocation
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00356-00063367-00063606 um you know uh you know i think not that
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00357-00063607-00063703 many will go all
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00358-00063704-00063935 in like you know microstrategy has uh
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00359-00063936-00064087 because he's like a super bowl
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00360-00064088-00064247 but i think you have you know more
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00361-00064248-00064494 companies do uh you know what say square
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00362-00064495-00064606 did where they put an
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00363-00064607-00064750 you know a smaller allocation of their
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00364-00064751-00064926 cash into bitcoin as kind of a
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00365-00064927-00065079 longer-term hedge for the rest of their
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00366-00065079-00065191 cash position
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00367-00065191-00065463 um and so i i look for different signs
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00368-00065464-00065535 of
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00369-00065536-00065806 uh you know progress there i'm also
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00370-00065807-00065943 watching things like you know some of
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00371-00065944-00065975 the
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00372-00065976-00066087 some of the apps that are being
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00373-00066088-00066279 developed making use of the lightning
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00374-00066280-00066343 network
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00375-00066344-00066511 and you know the underlying technology
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00376-00066512-00066743 that like lightning labs is providing
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00377-00066744-00066975 uh we have like you know strike global
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00378-00066976-00067079 and some of these other
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00379-00067080-00067263 uh you know places that are starting to
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00380-00067264-00067447 use lighting because that's you know
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00381-00067448-00067511 that's not
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00382-00067512-00067735 been around as long as bitcoin and so
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00383-00067736-00067903 that's earlier in its that layer is
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00384-00067904-00068119 earlier in its in its growth phase
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00385-00068120-00068271 but we're starting to see some some you
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00386-00068272-00068471 know potential use cases out of that
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00387-00068472-00068694 for even for example fiat to fiat
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00388-00068695-00068775 transfer
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00389-00068776-00069023 using bitcoin as an intermediary and so
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00390-00069024-00069175 there's a lot of signs like that that i
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00391-00069176-00069247 look for
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00392-00069248-00069487 uh engaging bitcoins network health one
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00393-00069488-00069623 of the signals pointing
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00394-00069624-00069775 at the strength of bitcoin's network
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00395-00069776-00069959 effect is its market
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00396-00069960-00070238 dominance so back in 2017 you decided
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00397-00070239-00070423 not to invest in bitcoin among other
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00398-00070424-00070550 things because
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00399-00070551-00070838 its market dominance was declining and
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00400-00070839-00070871 uh
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00401-00070872-00071055 in the recent months we are seeing a
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00402-00071056-00071182 similar scenario
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00403-00071183-00071375 bitcoin's market dominance has been
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00404-00071376-00071487 going down
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00405-00071488-00071799 it currently sits at around 48 down from
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00406-00071800-00071879 70
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00407-00071880-00072135 in january so if this trends if this
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00408-00072136-00072287 trend continue
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00409-00072288-00072479 uh couldn't it undermine bitcoin's
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00410-00072480-00072591 network effect
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00411-00072592-00072711 i think we have to look at that question
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00412-00072712-00072926 over multiple business cycles and so
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00413-00072927-00073167 back in 2017 in addition to bitcoin's
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00414-00073168-00073271 dominance falling
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00415-00073272-00073455 we also had the bitcoin and bitcoin cash
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00416-00073456-00073647 split uh which added extra
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00417-00073648-00073847 extra uncertainty uh for bitcoin and
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00418-00073848-00073975 that and that ecosystem
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00419-00073976-00074206 besides bitcoin and ethereum a lot of
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00420-00074207-00074367 the major coins that were around in the
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00421-00074368-00074399 last
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00422-00074400-00074575 cycle that chipped into bitcoin's market
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00423-00074576-00074759 dominance are not the same ones
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00424-00074760-00074911 that are around in this cycle chipping
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00425-00074912-00075079 into bitcoins so for example
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00426-00075080-00075255 in the last cycle dogecoin was not a
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00427-00075256-00075447 meaningful uh percentage of bitcoin's
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00428-00075448-00075591 market cap whereas this time we have
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00429-00075592-00075638 like the
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00430-00075639-00075887 the dogecoin like meme spike going on
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00431-00075888-00076071 it's been pretty you know persistent
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00432-00076072-00076287 uh you know we also are seeing uh you
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00433-00076288-00076503 know a rise of a bunch of these uh you
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00434-00076504-00076543 know
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00435-00076544-00076831 uh d5 tokens we've seen finance uh you
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00436-00076832-00076950 know come on the scene
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00437-00076951-00077287 uh and so i'd be more concerned if i saw
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00438-00077288-00077526 you know protocols that say chipped into
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00439-00077527-00077743 bitcoin's market dominance in one cycle
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00440-00077744-00077950 and then chip even more into it in the
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00441-00077951-00078111 next market cycle i think that's where
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00442-00078112-00078231 it gets kind of concerning
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00443-00078232-00078399 and so far we haven't seen that i mean
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00444-00078400-00078543 the one that you know you can say comes
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00445-00078544-00078694 close is ethereum
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00446-00078695-00078943 but that's still you know not reached
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00447-00078944-00079143 say all-time highs in terms of the eth
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00448-00079144-00079271 btc ratio
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00449-00079272-00079415 so if you were to see that gaining
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00450-00079416-00079575 market share on bitcoin in multiple
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00451-00079576-00079647 cycles
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00452-00079648-00079782 you know that that's another kind of
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00453-00079783-00079991 network effect in the industry to watch
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00454-00079992-00080223 but outside of those top two protocols
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00455-00080224-00080406 we see that you know the the wave of
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00456-00080407-00080582 challengers keeps being a different wave
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00457-00080583-00080671 of challengers
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00458-00080672-00080903 and so that's basically showing that in
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00459-00080904-00081071 those bull markets a lot of those tokens
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00460-00081072-00081215 don't have longevity
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00461-00081216-00081455 to get around to the next cycle and so
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00462-00081456-00081575 you know we'll see how bitcoin's
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00463-00081576-00081759 dominance does it say the other end of
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00464-00081760-00081918 this bull market you know we'll see
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00465-00081919-00082071 after the bear market kind of you know
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00466-00082072-00082303 where where the chips fall in that cycle
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00467-00082304-00082438 and then where it starts rising from
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00468-00082439-00082615 there to see which ones are are
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00469-00082616-00082679 persistent
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00470-00082680-00082991 so focusing on on ethereum so ethereum
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00471-00082992-00083031 has been
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00472-00083032-00083343 outperforming bitcoin in 2021 so far
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00473-00083344-00083591 and its market dominance is increasing
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00474-00083592-00083662 so
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00475-00083663-00083815 there is a lot of talk about this
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00476-00083816-00084023 flipping scenario in which
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00477-00084024-00084294 either replaces bitcoin as the leading
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00478-00084295-00084375 crypto
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00479-00084376-00084582 so how realistic is such a scenario
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00480-00084583-00084726 according to you
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00481-00084727-00084943 i think in a bull cycle it's it's a low
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00482-00084944-00085143 probability but a non-zero probability
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00483-00085144-00085287 uh because for example if you look how
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00484-00085288-00085494 explosive that you know ethereum was in
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00485-00085495-00085615 2017
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00486-00085616-00085750 uh you know towards the end here that
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00487-00085751-00085943 had a giant blow off top
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00488-00085944-00086126 and really kind of took a meaningful uh
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00489-00086127-00086238 you know percentage of the market
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00490-00086239-00086391 capitalization back then
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00491-00086392-00086599 uh and for example that east to btc
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00492-00086600-00086767 ratio still hasn't reached that that
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00493-00086768-00086855 cycle high
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00494-00086856-00086975 and so if you were to have another you
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00495-00086976-00087206 know blow off top uh you know it's
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00496-00087207-00087294 certainly possible
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00497-00087295-00087503 i try not to prove a negative or rule
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00498-00087504-00087718 out uh you know improbable outcomes
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00499-00087719-00087894 uh but overall that would still have a
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00500-00087895-00088079 long way to go to kind of catch up with
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00501-00088080-00088255 bitcoin's market capitalization
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00502-00088256-00088462 as it currently stands and so overall i
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00503-00088463-00088711 think one of the risks of
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00504-00088712-00088855 you know any coin that's not trying to
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00505-00088856-00089031 be a store of value like bitcoin
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00506-00089032-00089238 uh if it's kind of trying to do multiple
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00507-00089239-00089455 things it's easy for another competitor
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00508-00089456-00089535 to come
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00509-00089536-00089726 and be cheaper and take some of that
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00510-00089727-00089935 share and so my concern would be that
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00511-00089936-00090087 you have shifting kind of leaders in the
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00512-00090088-00090294 utility space now so far ethereum has
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00513-00090295-00090399 been the main one
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00514-00090400-00090535 but we have to see how some of these
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00515-00090536-00090775 rising competitors uh you know
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00516-00090776-00090943 either either fail to take market share
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00517-00090944-00091143 from it or or continue to take market
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00518-00091144-00091238 share from it
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00519-00091239-00091431 we are still talking about the
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00520-00091432-00091550 importance of uh
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00521-00091551-00091862 bitcoin's network effect so
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00522-00091863-00092055 uh a downside of the growing network
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00523-00092056-00092167 effect of bitcoin
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00524-00092168-00092406 is the environmental impact so the
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00525-00092407-00092591 bitcoin network currently consumes as
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00526-00092592-00092703 much energy as
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00527-00092704-00092974 a small country and as the network grows
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00528-00092975-00093038 bigger
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00529-00093039-00093271 so will the energy needed to maintain it
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00530-00093272-00093535 and arguably the carbon footprint
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00531-00093536-00093799 so how should investors look at this
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00532-00093800-00093943 problem
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00533-00093944-00094135 uh so one is that bitcoin uses less than
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00534-00094136-00094311 one percent of global energy
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00535-00094312-00094518 uh and so i you know then the second
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00536-00094519-00094735 part is you know energy usage is fine as
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00537-00094736-00094903 long as the work that it's doing is
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00538-00094904-00094967 productive
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00539-00094968-00095182 and is and is valuable to people and so
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00540-00095183-00095359 for example we don't question
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00541-00095360-00095567 uh you know the the electricity usage of
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00542-00095568-00095694 washing machines and
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00543-00095695-00095862 and you know clothes washers and
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00544-00095863-00096055 dishwashers because they provide us
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00545-00096056-00096191 uh you know something that is valuable
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00546-00096192-00096391 to us and makes our lives simpler
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00547-00096392-00096574 and so when you look at bitcoin the
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00548-00096575-00096743 thing is that it scales pretty well and
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00549-00096744-00096799 so it has
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00550-00096800-00097094 a pretty big energy requirement but then
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00551-00097095-00097262 as it grows that doesn't scale at the
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00552-00097263-00097479 same rate and so if you look at say
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00553-00097480-00097671 uh bitcoin's energy usage as a
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00554-00097672-00097838 percentage of market capitalization
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00555-00097839-00098031 that's been going down every year since
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00556-00098032-00098191 inception and that's because the block
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00557-00098192-00098271 subsidy
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00558-00098272-00098462 uh you know gets gets cut in half every
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00559-00098463-00098631 four years and so if you look at you
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00560-00098632-00098791 know the percentage of bitcoin's market
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00561-00098792-00098959 cap spent on security so
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00562-00098960-00099118 that's the combination of the subsidies
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00563-00099119-00099294 and uh the transaction fees
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00564-00099295-00099503 that keeps going down and so let's say
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00565-00099504-00099687 bitcoin does continue to grow from here
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00566-00099688-00099847 it becomes a 2 trillion a 5 trillion
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00567-00099848-00099991 dollar asset class you know whatever the
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00568-00099992-00100111 numbers it reaches
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00569-00100112-00100247 uh that doesn't necessarily mean that
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00570-00100248-00100399 energy component is going to go up two
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00571-00100400-00100511 to five times
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00572-00100512-00100759 uh because uh the block subsidy you know
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00573-00100760-00100950 in in a few years will be cut in half
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00574-00100951-00100999 again
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00575-00101000-00101199 and so i don't view the too much energy
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00576-00101200-00101423 usage as a problem because of that that
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00577-00101424-00101462 you know
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00578-00101463-00101735 that exponential reduction in block
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00579-00101736-00101815 subsidies
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00580-00101816-00101991 and i'm more focused on making sure that
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00581-00101992-00102191 the bitcoin continues to use an adequate
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00582-00102192-00102279 amount of energy
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00583-00102280-00102678 uh relative to its market cap gotcha
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00584-00102679-00102902 okay now to conclude i would like to ask
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00585-00102903-00103054 you one last question
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00586-00103055-00103310 uh we don't have a crystal ball but i
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00587-00103311-00103471 was pretty excited to see that you
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00588-00103472-00103694 actually got right the latest prediction
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00589-00103695-00103782 in our latest
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00590-00103783-00104015 interview about reach about bitcoin
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00591-00104016-00104158 reaching one trillion dollar
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00592-00104159-00104486 market cap so what is the next
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00593-00104488-00104734 milestone in terms of uh market cap that
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00594-00104735-00104927 you you are looking at for the end of
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00595-00104928-00105119 this bull cycle
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00596-00105120-00105351 uh so i guess uh i'm looking at uh
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00597-00105352-00105551 bitcoin over a hundred thousand
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00598-00105552-00105710 uh and so you know you can call that
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00599-00105711-00105871 maybe a two trillion dollar
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00600-00105872-00106078 uh market cap uh and it's one of those
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00601-00106079-00106247 things you know that i was uh
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00602-00106248-00106423 very very high conviction on that that
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00603-00106424-00106663 one trillion market cap whereas now you
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00604-00106664-00106823 know we have to see how this plays out
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00605-00106824-00106895 and so
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00606-00106896-00107047 uh you know i think it it certainly
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00607-00107048-00107263 could consolidate and disappoint
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00608-00107264-00107439 as a reasonable probability but i also
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00609-00107440-00107566 think this is a pretty good probability
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00610-00107567-00107623 that that
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00611-00107624-00107790 uh you know it continues to surge from
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00612-00107791-00108023 here and i'm certainly remaining long
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00613-00108024-00108366 as part of my portfolio awesome okay
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00614-00108367-00108566 thanks a lot uh lynne that was great to
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00615-00108567-00108743 have you with us today
+vYMUwqZnDIo-00616-00108744-00109055 yep thanks for having me
+vajaeAuinMg-00000-00000529-00001328 [Music]
+vajaeAuinMg-00001-00001329-00002063 [Music]
+vajaeAuinMg-00002-00002064-00002762 so
+vajaeAuinMg-00003-00002763-00003247 [Music]
+vajaeAuinMg-00004-00003247-00003631 so
+vajaeAuinMg-00005-00003632-00004776 [Music]
+vajaeAuinMg-00006-00004777-00004914 [Applause]
+vajaeAuinMg-00007-00004915-00004961 [Music]
+vajaeAuinMg-00008-00004962-00006419 [Applause]
+vajaeAuinMg-00009-00006420-00008807 [Music]
+vajaeAuinMg-00010-00008808-00009026 so
+vajaeAuinMg-00011-00009027-00009049 [Music]
+vajaeAuinMg-00012-00009050-00010290 [Applause]
+vajaeAuinMg-00014-00019064-00019379 so
+vajaeAuinMg-00015-00019380-00021175 [Music]
+vajaeAuinMg-00016-00021176-00022196 foreign
+vajaeAuinMg-00018-00029272-00029697 the silent stars
+vajaeAuinMg-00019-00029698-00030574 [Music]
+vajaeAuinMg-00020-00030575-00030980 the hopes and fears
+vajaeAuinMg-00021-00030981-00031764 [Music]
+vajaeAuinMg-00022-00031766-00031918 [Music]
+vajaeAuinMg-00023-00031919-00032908 descend to us we pray
+vajaeAuinMg-00024-00032909-00033679 [Music]
+vajaeAuinMg-00025-00033680-00034102 the great glad tidings tell
+vajaeAuinMg-00026-00034103-00034355 all come to us
+vajaeAuinMg-00027-00034356-00034750 abide with us
+vajaeAuinMg-00028-00034751-00037221 [Music]
+vajaeAuinMg-00029-00037222-00038471 [Music]
+vajaeAuinMg-00030-00038472-00038775 for christ is
+vajaeAuinMg-00031-00038776-00039984 [Music]
+vajaeAuinMg-00032-00039985-00040952 [Music]
+vajaeAuinMg-00033-00040953-00042030 [Music]
+vajaeAuinMg-00034-00042031-00042302 and praises sing
+vajaeAuinMg-00035-00042303-00042462 to god
+vajaeAuinMg-00036-00042463-00042646 the king
+vajaeAuinMg-00037-00042647-00043230 and peace
+vajaeAuinMg-00039-00050887-00051300 so
+vajaeAuinMg-00040-00051301-00052438 [Music]
+vajaeAuinMg-00041-00052439-00052982 do
+vajaeAuinMg-00042-00052983-00054263 [Music]
+vajaeAuinMg-00043-00054264-00054638 we wish you a merry christmas we wish
+vajaeAuinMg-00044-00054639-00054847 you a merry christmas
+vajaeAuinMg-00045-00054848-00055159 we wish you a merry christmas and a
+vajaeAuinMg-00046-00055160-00055679 happy new year the tidings we bring
+vajaeAuinMg-00047-00055679-00055959 to you and your kid
+vajaeAuinMg-00048-00055960-00056247 we wish you a merry christmas
+vajaeAuinMg-00049-00056248-00056542 and a happy new year
+vajaeAuinMg-00050-00056544-00056847 now bring us some figgy pudding now
+vajaeAuinMg-00051-00056848-00057199 bring us some figgy pudding now bring us
+vajaeAuinMg-00052-00057200-00057638 some figgy pudding and bring it out here
+vajaeAuinMg-00053-00057639-00057942 the tidings we bring
+vajaeAuinMg-00054-00057944-00058207 to you and your kin
+vajaeAuinMg-00055-00058208-00058526 we wish you a merry christmas and a
+vajaeAuinMg-00056-00058527-00058726 happy new
+vajaeAuinMg-00057-00058727-00058903 [Music]
+vajaeAuinMg-00058-00058904-00059054 figgy year
+vajaeAuinMg-00059-00059055-00059423 for we are like figgy pudding but we are
+vajaeAuinMg-00060-00059424-00059894 like figgy pudding so bring it out here
+vajaeAuinMg-00061-00059895-00060191 the tidings we bring
+vajaeAuinMg-00062-00060191-00060638 to you and your kid we wish you a merry
+vajaeAuinMg-00063-00060639-00061038 christmas and a happy new year
+vajaeAuinMg-00064-00061039-00061391 we won't go until we get some we won't
+vajaeAuinMg-00065-00061391-00061735 go until we get some we won't go until
+vajaeAuinMg-00066-00061736-00062159 we get some sobering some out here
+vajaeAuinMg-00067-00062160-00062438 the tidings we bring
+vajaeAuinMg-00068-00062439-00062711 to you and your kid
+vajaeAuinMg-00069-00062712-00063030 we wish you a merry christmas and a
+vajaeAuinMg-00070-00063032-00063287 happy new year
+vajaeAuinMg-00071-00063288-00063630 we wish you a merry christmas we wish
+vajaeAuinMg-00072-00063632-00063966 you a merry christmas we wish you a
+vajaeAuinMg-00073-00063967-00064542 merry christmas and a happy new
+vajaeAuinMg-00074-00064544-00064679 we year
+vajaeAuinMg-00075-00064679-00064959 to you and your kid
+vajaeAuinMg-00076-00064960-00065287 we wish you a merry christmas and a
+vajaeAuinMg-00077-00065288-00065561 happy new year
+vajaeAuinMg-00078-00065562-00068150 [Music]
+vajaeAuinMg-00079-00068151-00068300 do
+vajaeAuinMg-00080-00068301-00069455 [Music]
+vajaeAuinMg-00081-00069456-00069855 [Music]
+vajaeAuinMg-00082-00069856-00070379 should old acquaintance be forgot and
+vajaeAuinMg-00083-00070380-00070775 never brought to mine
+vajaeAuinMg-00084-00070776-00071143 should all acquaintance be
+vajaeAuinMg-00085-00071144-00072133 forgotten
+vajaeAuinMg-00086-00072134-00072738 [Music]
+vajaeAuinMg-00087-00072739-00072862 [Music]
+vajaeAuinMg-00088-00072863-00073326 of kindness yet for all
+vajaeAuinMg-00090-00076551-00077052 of kindness yet for all
+vajaeAuinMg-00091-00077053-00077968 [Music]
+vajaeAuinMg-00092-00077969-00078399 [Music]
+vajaeAuinMg-00093-00078400-00079031 of kindness yet for all
+vajaeAuinMg-00094-00079032-00081126 [Music]
+vajaeAuinMg-00095-00081127-00081359 down through the chimney with lots of
+vajaeAuinMg-00096-00081360-00082630 toys all for the little one's christmas
+vajaeAuinMg-00097-00082631-00082703 [Music]
+vajaeAuinMg-00098-00082704-00085158 down through the choice
+vajaeAuinMg-00099-00085159-00085999 [Music]
+vajaeAuinMg-00100-00086000-00086287 santa claus down through the chimney
+vajaeAuinMg-00101-00086288-00086634 with lots of toys
+vajaeAuinMg-00102-00086635-00087126 [Music]
+vajaeAuinMg-00103-00087127-00087259 ho
+vajaeAuinMg-00104-00087260-00087415 ho
+vajaeAuinMg-00105-00087416-00087889 up on the house
+vajaeAuinMg-00106-00087890-00088450 [Music]
+vajaeAuinMg-00109-00097056-00098550 foreign
+vajaeAuinMg-00110-00098551-00100313 [Music]
+vajaeAuinMg-00111-00100314-00101090 [Applause]
+vajaeAuinMg-00112-00101091-00101240 [Applause]
+vajaeAuinMg-00113-00101241-00103302 [Music]
+vajaeAuinMg-00114-00103303-00103496 [Applause]
+vajaeAuinMg-00117-00111131-00113238 [Music]
+vajaeAuinMg-00118-00113239-00116031 [Music]
+vajaeAuinMg-00119-00116032-00116240 you
+vaZyWDywx_E-00000-00000016-00000366 says you seen a pump
+vaZyWDywx_E-00001-00000367-00000487 no
+vaZyWDywx_E-00002-00000488-00000816 well you're no use
+vc3TNtgaylE-00000-00000168-00000423 hi i'm kurt for the ham radio village at
+vc3TNtgaylE-00001-00000424-00000695 defcon 29 in
+vc3TNtgaylE-00002-00000696-00000862 2021
+vc3TNtgaylE-00003-00000863-00001127 and i'm going to be talking to you today
+vc3TNtgaylE-00004-00001128-00001215 about
+vc3TNtgaylE-00005-00001216-00001566 some of the equipment that we use for rf
+vc3TNtgaylE-00006-00001567-00001767 testing and experimentation
+vc3TNtgaylE-00007-00001768-00002030 more specifically for ham radio
+vc3TNtgaylE-00008-00002032-00002287 testing and experimentation but i'm
+vc3TNtgaylE-00009-00002288-00002534 going to go over some of the more useful
+vc3TNtgaylE-00010-00002535-00002767 tools and some of the smaller support
+vc3TNtgaylE-00011-00002768-00002958 tools that we use for a lot of this
+vc3TNtgaylE-00012-00002959-00003191 equip for a lot of this experimentation
+vc3TNtgaylE-00013-00003192-00003519 so we're going to go over oscilloscopes
+vc3TNtgaylE-00014-00003520-00003751 vector network analyzers spectrum
+vc3TNtgaylE-00015-00003752-00003903 analyzers
+vc3TNtgaylE-00016-00003904-00004015 and then additionally we're going to
+vc3TNtgaylE-00017-00004015-00004191 talk about some of the
+vc3TNtgaylE-00018-00004192-00004383 other pieces that we use in conjunction
+vc3TNtgaylE-00019-00004384-00004622 with those so signal generators and
+vc3TNtgaylE-00020-00004623-00004935 temperature controlled oscillators
+vc3TNtgaylE-00021-00004936-00005079 dummy loads
+vc3TNtgaylE-00022-00005080-00005254 attenuators
+vc3TNtgaylE-00023-00005255-00005447 and then we're going to do some
+vc3TNtgaylE-00024-00005448-00005615 experimentation or i'm going to do some
+vc3TNtgaylE-00025-00005616-00005863 demonstrations with both commercial and
+vc3TNtgaylE-00026-00005864-00006047 homebrew projects
+vc3TNtgaylE-00027-00006048-00006279 and then i'm going to show you how to
+vc3TNtgaylE-00028-00006280-00006495 test an antenna at the end
+vc3TNtgaylE-00029-00006495-00006614 because i think that's probably one of
+vc3TNtgaylE-00030-00006615-00006759 the more common pieces that we're going
+vc3TNtgaylE-00031-00006759-00006927 to need
+vc3TNtgaylE-00032-00006928-00007014 but
+vc3TNtgaylE-00033-00007015-00007342 let's start first with the oscilloscopes
+vc3TNtgaylE-00034-00007343-00007574 so i'm going to
+vc3TNtgaylE-00035-00007575-00007767 reset up and we'll get started on
+vc3TNtgaylE-00036-00007768-00008031 oscilloscopes
+vc3TNtgaylE-00037-00008031-00008174 okay so
+vc3TNtgaylE-00038-00008175-00008510 we're zoomed in on my table now
+vc3TNtgaylE-00039-00008511-00008727 and what we're going to talk about first
+vc3TNtgaylE-00040-00008728-00008935 are oscilloscopes
+vc3TNtgaylE-00041-00008936-00009039 so
+vc3TNtgaylE-00042-00009040-00009239 one of the nice things right now is that
+vc3TNtgaylE-00043-00009240-00009551 the cost of the technology has come down
+vc3TNtgaylE-00044-00009552-00009695 quite a bit this is true for
+vc3TNtgaylE-00045-00009696-00009942 oscilloscopes but it's also true for
+vc3TNtgaylE-00046-00009943-00010159 all the rest of the equipment here
+vc3TNtgaylE-00047-00010160-00010335 a lot of the prices are much more
+vc3TNtgaylE-00048-00010336-00010559 reasonable now for hobbyists to get into
+vc3TNtgaylE-00049-00010560-00010806 so it might be the right time to expand
+vc3TNtgaylE-00050-00010807-00010910 your
+vc3TNtgaylE-00051-00010911-00011151 testing and experimentation capabilities
+vc3TNtgaylE-00052-00011152-00011310 at home
+vc3TNtgaylE-00053-00011311-00011414 and first we're going to look at
+vc3TNtgaylE-00054-00011415-00011583 oscilloscopes like i said
+vc3TNtgaylE-00055-00011584-00012031 so for many years i used one of these
+vc3TNtgaylE-00056-00012032-00012199 which is a
+vc3TNtgaylE-00057-00012200-00012414 mini pocket oscilloscope
+vc3TNtgaylE-00058-00012415-00012655 these are a few hundred dollars
+vc3TNtgaylE-00059-00012656-00012742 they are
+vc3TNtgaylE-00060-00012743-00013079 a bit limited in uh their capabilities
+vc3TNtgaylE-00061-00013080-00013311 both in terms of speed and the level of
+vc3TNtgaylE-00062-00013312-00013503 voltages that they can measure but they
+vc3TNtgaylE-00063-00013504-00013711 do work pretty pretty decently for home
+vc3TNtgaylE-00064-00013712-00013991 brew projects and i'll i will show uh on
+vc3TNtgaylE-00065-00013991-00014199 here
+vc3TNtgaylE-00066-00014200-00014391 with my setup right here
+vc3TNtgaylE-00067-00014391-00014583 a little bit of the difference between
+vc3TNtgaylE-00068-00014584-00014807 this and a larger oscilloscope and
+vc3TNtgaylE-00069-00014808-00015015 nowadays the larger oscilloscope is
+vc3TNtgaylE-00070-00015016-00015207 actually not that much more expensive so
+vc3TNtgaylE-00071-00015208-00015375 it might make sense if you have the
+vc3TNtgaylE-00072-00015376-00015463 space
+vc3TNtgaylE-00073-00015463-00015679 and a little bit of extra cash to get a
+vc3TNtgaylE-00074-00015680-00015847 larger oscilloscope
+vc3TNtgaylE-00075-00015847-00016071 but what an oscilloscope does
+vc3TNtgaylE-00076-00016072-00016286 is it measures voltage
+vc3TNtgaylE-00077-00016287-00016407 and time
+vc3TNtgaylE-00078-00016408-00016558 so
+vc3TNtgaylE-00079-00016559-00016775 in our vertical axis here on the screen
+vc3TNtgaylE-00080-00016776-00016943 we have voltage
+vc3TNtgaylE-00081-00016944-00017222 and the horizontal axis we have time
+vc3TNtgaylE-00082-00017223-00017543 so we can see a delta and voltage
+vc3TNtgaylE-00083-00017544-00017767 and from that the oscilloscopes can can
+vc3TNtgaylE-00084-00017768-00017863 actually
+vc3TNtgaylE-00085-00017864-00018030 do a lot of secondary derivative
+vc3TNtgaylE-00086-00018031-00018283 calculations so this one also shows
+vc3TNtgaylE-00087-00018284-00018583 frequency in a period
+vc3TNtgaylE-00088-00018584-00018927 of the waves if it's in ac mode
+vc3TNtgaylE-00089-00018928-00019222 and if it's in dc mode you can also do
+vc3TNtgaylE-00090-00019223-00019350 very basic
+vc3TNtgaylE-00091-00019351-00019558 circuit logic analysis
+vc3TNtgaylE-00092-00019559-00019727 and things like that
+vc3TNtgaylE-00093-00019728-00019950 depending on the capabilities of your
+vc3TNtgaylE-00094-00019951-00020094 oscilloscope
+vc3TNtgaylE-00095-00020095-00020263 obviously the more expensive ones can do
+vc3TNtgaylE-00096-00020264-00020503 more interesting things so
+vc3TNtgaylE-00097-00020504-00020694 what i'm using right now
+vc3TNtgaylE-00098-00020695-00020950 is i have a
+vc3TNtgaylE-00099-00020951-00021111 this is actually a temperature
+vc3TNtgaylE-00100-00021112-00021350 controlled oscillator let me take this
+vc3TNtgaylE-00101-00021351-00021535 off for a second we'll get a zoomed in
+vc3TNtgaylE-00102-00021536-00021750 view here
+vc3TNtgaylE-00103-00021751-00021847 so
+vc3TNtgaylE-00104-00021848-00022039 this is just hooked up to a 9 volt
+vc3TNtgaylE-00105-00022040-00022207 battery right now
+vc3TNtgaylE-00106-00022208-00022503 and this gets warm this gets to be about
+vc3TNtgaylE-00107-00022504-00022758 100 degrees fahrenheit
+vc3TNtgaylE-00108-00022759-00022967 and inside of there is a crystal it's
+vc3TNtgaylE-00109-00022968-00023103 being fed by this little voltage
+vc3TNtgaylE-00110-00023104-00023311 regulator that i put in here
+vc3TNtgaylE-00111-00023312-00023503 and then we have two different outputs
+vc3TNtgaylE-00112-00023504-00023750 on this one this is a
+vc3TNtgaylE-00113-00023751-00023975 harvested temperature control oscillator
+vc3TNtgaylE-00114-00023976-00024047 from
+vc3TNtgaylE-00115-00024048-00024255 i believe is from medical equipment
+vc3TNtgaylE-00116-00024256-00024542 and a homebrew
+vc3TNtgaylE-00117-00024543-00024783 board that someone made that
+vc3TNtgaylE-00118-00024784-00024942 has two different outputs one is an
+vc3TNtgaylE-00119-00024943-00025239 unbuffered output which is straight from
+vc3TNtgaylE-00120-00025240-00025486 the oscillator and that's the main one
+vc3TNtgaylE-00121-00025487-00025614 right here
+vc3TNtgaylE-00122-00025616-00025839 and then the secondary one is it feeds
+vc3TNtgaylE-00123-00025839-00026031 that into a
+vc3TNtgaylE-00124-00026032-00026127 chip
+vc3TNtgaylE-00125-00026127-00026343 logic chip a 5 volt logic chip
+vc3TNtgaylE-00126-00026344-00026558 and turns it on and off so you get a
+vc3TNtgaylE-00127-00026560-00026727 what they call buffered square wave
+vc3TNtgaylE-00128-00026727-00026943 output and that i have going to the
+vc3TNtgaylE-00129-00026944-00027167 second output right here
+vc3TNtgaylE-00130-00027168-00027351 and this is just a 3d printed case that
+vc3TNtgaylE-00131-00027352-00027535 i made to keep it nice and i've taken
+vc3TNtgaylE-00132-00027536-00027695 the lid off
+vc3TNtgaylE-00133-00027695-00028007 so we can see inside of it
+vc3TNtgaylE-00134-00028008-00028167 so
+vc3TNtgaylE-00135-00028168-00028470 what it does what uh what almost every
+vc3TNtgaylE-00136-00028472-00028887 uh reference oscillator does is they
+vc3TNtgaylE-00137-00028888-00029031 they run
+vc3TNtgaylE-00138-00029032-00029367 at 10 megahertz uh this is a standard
+vc3TNtgaylE-00139-00029368-00029455 for
+vc3TNtgaylE-00140-00029456-00029743 uh for
+vc3TNtgaylE-00141-00029744-00029902 for almost all
+vc3TNtgaylE-00142-00029904-00030118 radio and
+vc3TNtgaylE-00143-00030119-00030302 medical test equipment
+vc3TNtgaylE-00144-00030303-00030567 is their internal oscillators are set at
+vc3TNtgaylE-00145-00030568-00030807 10 megahertz so you can actually use
+vc3TNtgaylE-00146-00030808-00031046 this as an input to a device so this
+vc3TNtgaylE-00147-00031047-00031287 this uh
+vc3TNtgaylE-00148-00031288-00031495 this oscilloscope doesn't have an input
+vc3TNtgaylE-00149-00031495-00031823 it does have an external trigger um
+vc3TNtgaylE-00150-00031824-00032007 but it doesn't have an external
+vc3TNtgaylE-00151-00032008-00032214 reference oscillator a lot of the more
+vc3TNtgaylE-00152-00032216-00032414 expensive equipment will have a port on
+vc3TNtgaylE-00153-00032416-00032543 the back where you can provide your own
+vc3TNtgaylE-00154-00032544-00032767 reference oscillator
+vc3TNtgaylE-00155-00032768-00032983 from something like this
+vc3TNtgaylE-00156-00032984-00033327 so what we're looking at right now
+vc3TNtgaylE-00157-00033328-00033590 is i have the
+vc3TNtgaylE-00158-00033591-00033735 unbuffered output straight from the
+vc3TNtgaylE-00159-00033736-00033990 oscillator going into a 50 ohm
+vc3TNtgaylE-00160-00033991-00034111 load
+vc3TNtgaylE-00161-00034112-00034255 and so
+vc3TNtgaylE-00162-00034256-00034407 the
+vc3TNtgaylE-00163-00034408-00034783 almost all radio and test equipment is
+vc3TNtgaylE-00164-00034784-00035255 going to expect 50 ohms on the wire
+vc3TNtgaylE-00165-00035256-00035383 and i'm going to actually show you what
+vc3TNtgaylE-00166-00035384-00035599 happens when it doesn't get that
+vc3TNtgaylE-00167-00035600-00035790 but so right now we're we're seeing a
+vc3TNtgaylE-00168-00035791-00035902 very small
+vc3TNtgaylE-00169-00035903-00036190 voltage peak-to-peak is 150 millivolts
+vc3TNtgaylE-00170-00036191-00036383 or 140 millivolts
+vc3TNtgaylE-00171-00036384-00036551 and we can see the the derivative
+vc3TNtgaylE-00172-00036552-00036727 calculation of the frequency is pretty
+vc3TNtgaylE-00173-00036728-00036967 steady at 10 megahertz on here
+vc3TNtgaylE-00174-00036968-00037159 hopefully that's coming through on the
+vc3TNtgaylE-00175-00037160-00037287 video but
+vc3TNtgaylE-00176-00037288-00037590 i can get a zoomed in video of this in a
+vc3TNtgaylE-00177-00037591-00037767 minute
+vc3TNtgaylE-00178-00037768-00038102 and then we have the probe on channel 1
+vc3TNtgaylE-00179-00038103-00038302 which i have is yellow and yellow on
+vc3TNtgaylE-00180-00038303-00038415 here
+vc3TNtgaylE-00181-00038416-00038607 is showing
+vc3TNtgaylE-00182-00038608-00038887 before and after the load
+vc3TNtgaylE-00183-00038888-00039055 so this is the differentiation of the
+vc3TNtgaylE-00184-00039056-00039207 signal that would actually be going
+vc3TNtgaylE-00185-00039208-00039367 through the wire
+vc3TNtgaylE-00186-00039368-00039527 this is the difference in voltage
+vc3TNtgaylE-00187-00039528-00039735 between what would be the shield of the
+vc3TNtgaylE-00188-00039736-00039983 cable and the center of the cable
+vc3TNtgaylE-00189-00039984-00040143 for if you're thinking about antennas
+vc3TNtgaylE-00190-00040144-00040335 and feed lines
+vc3TNtgaylE-00191-00040336-00040495 so this is
+vc3TNtgaylE-00192-00040496-00040727 unbuffered let me switch this over real
+vc3TNtgaylE-00193-00040728-00040951 quick so we can see the difference uh on
+vc3TNtgaylE-00194-00040952-00041167 the buffered um
+vc3TNtgaylE-00195-00041168-00041479 actually real quick you can actually see
+vc3TNtgaylE-00196-00041480-00041790 the the wave is not perfect uh if it was
+vc3TNtgaylE-00197-00041791-00041935 a perfect
+vc3TNtgaylE-00198-00041936-00042079 uh
+vc3TNtgaylE-00199-00042080-00042246 ideally what we would want is a perfect
+vc3TNtgaylE-00200-00042247-00042374 square wave
+vc3TNtgaylE-00201-00042375-00042551 but there's actually quite a bit of
+vc3TNtgaylE-00202-00042552-00042679 ripple
+vc3TNtgaylE-00203-00042680-00042855 in this it's not terrible with still
+vc3TNtgaylE-00204-00042856-00043151 mostly square you can see the trigger
+vc3TNtgaylE-00205-00043152-00043255 on the
+vc3TNtgaylE-00206-00043256-00043511 if i adjust the trigger you can kind of
+vc3TNtgaylE-00207-00043512-00043751 see it start to go crazy a little bit at
+vc3TNtgaylE-00208-00043752-00043911 certain points
+vc3TNtgaylE-00209-00043912-00044118 so ideally you would want a very smooth
+vc3TNtgaylE-00210-00044119-00044271 square wave if you're going to use this
+vc3TNtgaylE-00211-00044272-00044390 as a trigger
+vc3TNtgaylE-00212-00044391-00044567 and i think this is actually a byproduct
+vc3TNtgaylE-00213-00044568-00044799 of the way the homebrew board is set up
+vc3TNtgaylE-00214-00044800-00045055 to to take the crystal output i think
+vc3TNtgaylE-00215-00045056-00045374 we're not getting quite a 50 ohm
+vc3TNtgaylE-00216-00045375-00045551 load output on it and i think that's
+vc3TNtgaylE-00217-00045552-00045702 partly what's making
+vc3TNtgaylE-00218-00045703-00046023 this uh look a bit
+vc3TNtgaylE-00219-00046024-00046183 look a bit wobbly
+vc3TNtgaylE-00220-00046184-00046430 there might be some extra capacitance or
+vc3TNtgaylE-00221-00046431-00046551 inductance on there which we're going to
+vc3TNtgaylE-00222-00046552-00046799 talk about a little bit later as well so
+vc3TNtgaylE-00223-00046800-00047071 let me switch it over to running off of
+vc3TNtgaylE-00224-00047072-00047151 the
+vc3TNtgaylE-00225-00047152-00047430 5 volt logic chip
+vc3TNtgaylE-00226-00047431-00047518 so
+vc3TNtgaylE-00227-00047519-00047702 this 5 volt logic
+vc3TNtgaylE-00228-00047703-00047886 is taking
+vc3TNtgaylE-00229-00047887-00048199 the output of the signal of the
+vc3TNtgaylE-00230-00048200-00048374 oscillator
+vc3TNtgaylE-00231-00048375-00048543 uh and feeding it into the logic tip and
+vc3TNtgaylE-00232-00048544-00048751 it's just flipping the logic chip on and
+vc3TNtgaylE-00233-00048752-00048911 off at 10 megahertz
+vc3TNtgaylE-00234-00048912-00049143 so right here you can actually see we're
+vc3TNtgaylE-00235-00049144-00049383 we're way too zoomed in now
+vc3TNtgaylE-00236-00049384-00049583 we're getting way more voltage so let me
+vc3TNtgaylE-00237-00049584-00049846 let me zoom this out
+vc3TNtgaylE-00238-00049847-00049983 and here
+vc3TNtgaylE-00239-00049984-00050223 so this is the same time frequency but
+vc3TNtgaylE-00240-00050224-00050318 down
+vc3TNtgaylE-00241-00050319-00050462 our
+vc3TNtgaylE-00242-00050463-00050639 voltage frequency we're seeing a peak to
+vc3TNtgaylE-00243-00050640-00050967 peak of nine point or sorry 3.92
+vc3TNtgaylE-00244-00050968-00051207 volts so much higher voltage we went
+vc3TNtgaylE-00245-00051208-00051663 from 140 millivolts to 3.9
+vc3TNtgaylE-00246-00051664-00051846 actual volts
+vc3TNtgaylE-00247-00051847-00052038 this is still ac so this is above and
+vc3TNtgaylE-00248-00052039-00052287 below uh the zero point
+vc3TNtgaylE-00249-00052288-00052479 uh we can actually see the wave is a lot
+vc3TNtgaylE-00250-00052479-00052711 cleaner here uh you can also see the
+vc3TNtgaylE-00251-00052712-00052966 rise and fall time of the chip
+vc3TNtgaylE-00252-00052967-00053175 right here so there's there's actually a
+vc3TNtgaylE-00253-00053176-00053366 bit of a slope it's not
+vc3TNtgaylE-00254-00053367-00053735 it's not perfectly vertical up and down
+vc3TNtgaylE-00255-00053736-00054007 but you can see the wave is much cleaner
+vc3TNtgaylE-00256-00054008-00054182 and our voltage is much higher so this
+vc3TNtgaylE-00257-00054183-00054487 could be a useful
+vc3TNtgaylE-00258-00054488-00054750 input for
+vc3TNtgaylE-00259-00054751-00055015 devices that can hold that
+vc3TNtgaylE-00260-00055016-00055207 they can take that voltage
+vc3TNtgaylE-00261-00055208-00055494 and need a much cleaner wave
+vc3TNtgaylE-00262-00055495-00055711 ideally we could tweak this board a
+vc3TNtgaylE-00263-00055712-00055903 little bit and try and get the wave a
+vc3TNtgaylE-00264-00055904-00056207 bit cleaner from the other output
+vc3TNtgaylE-00265-00056208-00056350 so one of the things i mentioned was the
+vc3TNtgaylE-00266-00056351-00056582 50 ohms so
+vc3TNtgaylE-00267-00056583-00056871 all of our test equipment and every
+vc3TNtgaylE-00268-00056872-00057087 radio equipment
+vc3TNtgaylE-00269-00057088-00057423 most sensitive equipment expects 50 ohms
+vc3TNtgaylE-00270-00057424-00057575 that's kind of a weird
+vc3TNtgaylE-00271-00057576-00057830 thing why why is there any load at all
+vc3TNtgaylE-00272-00057832-00058047 uh on the transmission cable
+vc3TNtgaylE-00273-00058048-00058711 uh well a long time ago uh
+vc3TNtgaylE-00274-00058712-00058863 i think it was bill labs figured out
+vc3TNtgaylE-00275-00058864-00058950 that
+vc3TNtgaylE-00276-00058951-00059279 75 ohms is best for receiving signals
+vc3TNtgaylE-00277-00059279-00059542 that gives you the cleanest input signal
+vc3TNtgaylE-00278-00059544-00059759 and 25 ohms is best for transmitting a
+vc3TNtgaylE-00279-00059760-00060079 signal so if you have a device that both
+vc3TNtgaylE-00280-00060079-00060366 transmits and receives
+vc3TNtgaylE-00281-00060367-00060711 50 ohms is the best compromise
+vc3TNtgaylE-00282-00060712-00060966 so some tv antennas and things like that
+vc3TNtgaylE-00283-00060967-00061159 will be 75 ohms which means you have to
+vc3TNtgaylE-00284-00061160-00061311 be kind of careful when you're selecting
+vc3TNtgaylE-00285-00061312-00061487 coax you want to use for an experiment
+vc3TNtgaylE-00286-00061488-00061663 you don't want to use tv coax because it
+vc3TNtgaylE-00287-00061664-00061942 might be the wrong the wrong
+vc3TNtgaylE-00288-00061944-00062103 resistance
+vc3TNtgaylE-00289-00062104-00062247 but uh
+vc3TNtgaylE-00290-00062248-00062494 most laboratory and
+vc3TNtgaylE-00291-00062495-00062663 radio especially hand radio equipment is
+vc3TNtgaylE-00292-00062664-00062894 going to be 75 ohms
+vc3TNtgaylE-00293-00062895-00063342 or sorry i'm sorry 50 ohms so
+vc3TNtgaylE-00294-00063344-00063542 now what happens
+vc3TNtgaylE-00295-00063544-00063711 when we take
+vc3TNtgaylE-00296-00063712-00063935 our oscillator input
+vc3TNtgaylE-00297-00063936-00064142 and i'm going to pipe it directly in so
+vc3TNtgaylE-00298-00064144-00064342 this probe
+vc3TNtgaylE-00299-00064344-00064591 and this input here are very high
+vc3TNtgaylE-00300-00064591-00064823 impedance very high resistance which
+vc3TNtgaylE-00301-00064824-00065047 means you can put 600 volts on this
+vc3TNtgaylE-00302-00065048-00065191 thing and it will not
+vc3TNtgaylE-00303-00065191-00065342 uh it will not jump it will not catch on
+vc3TNtgaylE-00304-00065344-00065543 fire you will not break anything
+vc3TNtgaylE-00305-00065544-00065767 and it basically is like a black hole
+vc3TNtgaylE-00306-00065768-00066079 inside of this box
+vc3TNtgaylE-00307-00066080-00066159 but
+vc3TNtgaylE-00308-00066160-00066382 if i pipe it directly out if i pipe the
+vc3TNtgaylE-00309-00066383-00066606 oscillator signal directly into here
+vc3TNtgaylE-00310-00066607-00066823 it's not 50 ohms it's nowhere near 50
+vc3TNtgaylE-00311-00066824-00067471 ohms so what happens
+vc3TNtgaylE-00312-00067472-00067655 and i'm going to zoom back in a little
+vc3TNtgaylE-00313-00067656-00067991 bit
+vc3TNtgaylE-00314-00067992-00068335 okay so this is directly in
+vc3TNtgaylE-00315-00068336-00068606 and you can actually see the wave is
+vc3TNtgaylE-00316-00068607-00068743 terrible
+vc3TNtgaylE-00317-00068744-00069023 so what what is going on here
+vc3TNtgaylE-00318-00069024-00069182 this is actually
+vc3TNtgaylE-00319-00069183-00069487 representative of the signal bouncing
+vc3TNtgaylE-00320-00069488-00069679 back and forth along the transmission
+vc3TNtgaylE-00321-00069680-00069919 cable this is something very important
+vc3TNtgaylE-00322-00069920-00070071 in rf
+vc3TNtgaylE-00323-00070072-00070287 and specifically with ham radio we talk
+vc3TNtgaylE-00324-00070288-00070543 about it all the time this is actually a
+vc3TNtgaylE-00325-00070544-00070823 visual demonstration of standing wave
+vc3TNtgaylE-00326-00070824-00070999 ratio so
+vc3TNtgaylE-00327-00071000-00071191 this means that the
+vc3TNtgaylE-00328-00071192-00071359 signal flowing across the line is
+vc3TNtgaylE-00329-00071360-00071567 actually bouncing back and forth and
+vc3TNtgaylE-00330-00071568-00071782 you're actually getting reflections of
+vc3TNtgaylE-00331-00071783-00072006 that line and this can actually damage
+vc3TNtgaylE-00332-00072007-00072215 your source equipment that is
+vc3TNtgaylE-00333-00072216-00072343 transmitting so if you have a radio
+vc3TNtgaylE-00334-00072344-00072687 that's transmitting into a high swr
+vc3TNtgaylE-00335-00072688-00072862 transmission system
+vc3TNtgaylE-00336-00072863-00073135 you can actually get reflection back and
+vc3TNtgaylE-00337-00073136-00073367 melt your radio uh or something to that
+vc3TNtgaylE-00338-00073368-00073519 effect or damage some of the sensitive
+vc3TNtgaylE-00339-00073520-00073782 electronics of it
+vc3TNtgaylE-00340-00073783-00073887 and
+vc3TNtgaylE-00341-00073888-00074071 so this is off of the
+vc3TNtgaylE-00342-00074072-00074319 raw oscillator
+vc3TNtgaylE-00343-00074320-00074479 let's look real quick
+vc3TNtgaylE-00344-00074480-00074703 that's the
+vc3TNtgaylE-00345-00074704-00074862 5 volt
+vc3TNtgaylE-00346-00074863-00075262 oscillator
+vc3TNtgaylE-00347-00075263-00075543 or 5 volt buffered so you can actually
+vc3TNtgaylE-00348-00075544-00075743 see
+vc3TNtgaylE-00349-00075744-00076015 it does get some standing wave but it
+vc3TNtgaylE-00350-00076016-00076375 seems a lot less uh affected by it than
+vc3TNtgaylE-00351-00076376-00076655 the raw oscillator
+vc3TNtgaylE-00352-00076656-00076815 so that's an interesting property of
+vc3TNtgaylE-00353-00076816-00076975 running things through a buffered chip
+vc3TNtgaylE-00354-00076976-00077159 they're actually
+vc3TNtgaylE-00355-00077160-00077359 using a digital chip as a buffer for
+vc3TNtgaylE-00356-00077360-00077479 these signals
+vc3TNtgaylE-00357-00077480-00077599 it actually adds quite a bit of
+vc3TNtgaylE-00358-00077600-00077926 resilience to the sensitive electronics
+vc3TNtgaylE-00359-00077927-00078062 inside the radio system and it's a
+vc3TNtgaylE-00360-00078063-00078199 common
+vc3TNtgaylE-00361-00078200-00078399 a common tactic
+vc3TNtgaylE-00362-00078400-00078679 that a lot of a lot of rf designers will
+vc3TNtgaylE-00363-00078680-00078791 use
+vc3TNtgaylE-00364-00078792-00079335 to beef up their systems
+vc3TNtgaylE-00365-00079336-00079638 okay so now i want to introduce you to
+vc3TNtgaylE-00366-00079639-00079782 one of the homebrew projects that we're
+vc3TNtgaylE-00367-00079783-00079919 going to be using and i actually have
+vc3TNtgaylE-00368-00079920-00080150 multiple versions of this
+vc3TNtgaylE-00369-00080151-00080431 this was a project originally published
+vc3TNtgaylE-00370-00080432-00080559 by jeff
+vc3TNtgaylE-00371-00080560-00080959 anderson who is k-6 jca
+vc3TNtgaylE-00372-00080960-00081143 and you can find
+vc3TNtgaylE-00373-00081144-00081238 this
+vc3TNtgaylE-00374-00081239-00081519 diagram on his website
+vc3TNtgaylE-00375-00081520-00081711 and this is a very
+vc3TNtgaylE-00376-00081712-00081943 a very simple
+vc3TNtgaylE-00377-00081944-00082126 direct conversion
+vc3TNtgaylE-00378-00082127-00082367 morse code or cw
+vc3TNtgaylE-00379-00082368-00082726 transceiver so it sends and receives
+vc3TNtgaylE-00380-00082727-00082943 it is very basic it doesn't have a lot
+vc3TNtgaylE-00381-00082944-00083103 of filters
+vc3TNtgaylE-00382-00083104-00083262 which is one of the properties that
+vc3TNtgaylE-00383-00083263-00083471 we're actually going to demonstrate
+vc3TNtgaylE-00384-00083472-00083711 with it and what i have is i actually
+vc3TNtgaylE-00385-00083712-00083806 have
+vc3TNtgaylE-00386-00083807-00084103 two versions of this that i built so his
+vc3TNtgaylE-00387-00084104-00084303 original version he managed to fit in a
+vc3TNtgaylE-00388-00084304-00084511 9-volt battery
+vc3TNtgaylE-00389-00084512-00084759 so i have a similar attempt where i've
+vc3TNtgaylE-00390-00084760-00084943 got this on two boards
+vc3TNtgaylE-00391-00084944-00085223 and all the equipment soldered on there
+vc3TNtgaylE-00392-00085224-00085494 and then i have my original
+vc3TNtgaylE-00393-00085495-00085855 prototype board or permaproto board
+vc3TNtgaylE-00394-00085856-00086094 with all of the pieces
+vc3TNtgaylE-00395-00086095-00086287 in through hole design so i can get them
+vc3TNtgaylE-00396-00086288-00086479 in and out and some sockets so i can
+vc3TNtgaylE-00397-00086480-00086606 change some pieces out when i was
+vc3TNtgaylE-00398-00086607-00086726 testing things
+vc3TNtgaylE-00399-00086727-00086926 and again i'm using a dummy load and i
+vc3TNtgaylE-00400-00086927-00087111 didn't really show this up close before
+vc3TNtgaylE-00401-00087112-00087318 but this is a
+vc3TNtgaylE-00402-00087319-00087591 sma connector with
+vc3TNtgaylE-00403-00087592-00087887 two 100 ohm
+vc3TNtgaylE-00404-00087888-00088087 resistors split off the side and this
+vc3TNtgaylE-00405-00088088-00088375 gives us a pretty good 50 ohm load for
+vc3TNtgaylE-00406-00088376-00088606 very small signals
+vc3TNtgaylE-00407-00088607-00088687 so
+vc3TNtgaylE-00408-00088688-00088767 uh
+vc3TNtgaylE-00409-00088768-00088982 let's go through and do a quick
+vc3TNtgaylE-00410-00088983-00089175 uh quick demo
+vc3TNtgaylE-00411-00089176-00089406 of what this does
+vc3TNtgaylE-00412-00089407-00089679 so and how we see it in the
+vc3TNtgaylE-00413-00089680-00090015 oscilloscope
+vc3TNtgaylE-00414-00090016-00090206 so uh oh
+vc3TNtgaylE-00415-00090207-00090462 actually real quick this is using
+vc3TNtgaylE-00416-00090463-00090882 a crystal oscillator so this is at
+vc3TNtgaylE-00417-00090883-00091175 7.045 megahertz which is inside the ham
+vc3TNtgaylE-00418-00091176-00091479 radio bands in the 40 meter band
+vc3TNtgaylE-00419-00091480-00091655 which means we can
+vc3TNtgaylE-00420-00091656-00091831 we can test on here as long as we're not
+vc3TNtgaylE-00421-00091832-00092103 causing harmful interference
+vc3TNtgaylE-00422-00092104-00092271 uh and we're going into a dummy load so
+vc3TNtgaylE-00423-00092272-00092479 this won't leave the garage i'm not
+vc3TNtgaylE-00424-00092480-00092750 really concerned about it
+vc3TNtgaylE-00425-00092751-00092935 so we're gonna hook up
+vc3TNtgaylE-00426-00092936-00093111 to the output here and i've got a bunch
+vc3TNtgaylE-00427-00093112-00093335 of breakout pins to make measuring this
+vc3TNtgaylE-00428-00093336-00093543 way easier for myself
+vc3TNtgaylE-00429-00093544-00093759 i did a lot of testing on this board
+vc3TNtgaylE-00430-00093760-00094038 okay so this is actually my send
+vc3TNtgaylE-00431-00094039-00094223 button right here so if you're thinking
+vc3TNtgaylE-00432-00094224-00094391 about morse code this would be
+vc3TNtgaylE-00433-00094392-00094550 what i would use the straight key to
+vc3TNtgaylE-00434-00094551-00094726 send dits and daws
+vc3TNtgaylE-00435-00094727-00094926 uh it's not very really very optimal but
+vc3TNtgaylE-00436-00094927-00095023 it works
+vc3TNtgaylE-00437-00095024-00095206 so uh when i
+vc3TNtgaylE-00438-00095207-00095438 send on here
+vc3TNtgaylE-00439-00095439-00095662 what we'll see or what we see is a peak
+vc3TNtgaylE-00440-00095663-00096159 to peak voltage about 360 370 millivolts
+vc3TNtgaylE-00441-00096160-00096431 and we see it's trying to measure the
+vc3TNtgaylE-00442-00096432-00096735 frequency uh it's getting it's jumping
+vc3TNtgaylE-00443-00096736-00096918 around between
+vc3TNtgaylE-00444-00096919-00097143 6.9 to
+vc3TNtgaylE-00445-00097144-00097379 6.99 something to
+vc3TNtgaylE-00446-00097380-00097806 7.067 and it does say 7042 a few times
+vc3TNtgaylE-00447-00097807-00097991 so you can start to see a little bit of
+vc3TNtgaylE-00448-00097992-00098159 the breakdown of the derivative
+vc3TNtgaylE-00449-00098160-00098287 measurements
+vc3TNtgaylE-00450-00098288-00098543 on the oscilloscope but what we do see
+vc3TNtgaylE-00451-00098544-00098718 here
+vc3TNtgaylE-00452-00098719-00099238 now we got a big jump in voltage there
+vc3TNtgaylE-00453-00099239-00099671 our voltage is jumping like crazy
+vc3TNtgaylE-00454-00099672-00099855 okay so now we're actually seeing five
+vc3TNtgaylE-00455-00099856-00100079 volts and then it jumps down
+vc3TNtgaylE-00456-00100080-00100399 uh
+vc3TNtgaylE-00457-00100400-00100599 okay there we go so we're getting more
+vc3TNtgaylE-00458-00100600-00100815 stable uh and actually now that the
+vc3TNtgaylE-00459-00100816-00100982 crystal's warmed up what we're actually
+vc3TNtgaylE-00460-00100983-00101182 seeing over the transistors one of the
+vc3TNtgaylE-00461-00101183-00101406 two it's warmed up we're actually seeing
+vc3TNtgaylE-00462-00101407-00101559 between four and five volts it's not
+vc3TNtgaylE-00463-00101560-00101791 very steady again homebrew projects
+vc3TNtgaylE-00464-00101792-00101974 these things are very sensitive to
+vc3TNtgaylE-00465-00101975-00102367 environment and touching
+vc3TNtgaylE-00466-00102368-00102590 so it's actually stabilized a bit at the
+vc3TNtgaylE-00467-00102591-00102751 higher voltage
+vc3TNtgaylE-00468-00102752-00103118 lost it
+vc3TNtgaylE-00469-00103119-00103334 all right there we go okay
+vc3TNtgaylE-00470-00103335-00103582 so uh you can see the wave is actually
+vc3TNtgaylE-00471-00103583-00103734 pretty clean
+vc3TNtgaylE-00472-00103735-00103886 it's bouncing around a little bit
+vc3TNtgaylE-00473-00103888-00104118 because the device itself is not
+vc3TNtgaylE-00474-00104119-00104342 incredibly stable
+vc3TNtgaylE-00475-00104343-00104502 but the
+vc3TNtgaylE-00476-00104503-00104710 you can see that this
+vc3TNtgaylE-00477-00104711-00105078 sine wave coming out of the
+vc3TNtgaylE-00478-00105079-00105278 out of the crystal and going through
+vc3TNtgaylE-00479-00105279-00105566 this analog circuit actually maintains
+vc3TNtgaylE-00480-00105567-00105766 its shape pretty well we don't see a lot
+vc3TNtgaylE-00481-00105767-00105990 of the rippling or the squares that we
+vc3TNtgaylE-00482-00105991-00106086 saw
+vc3TNtgaylE-00483-00106088-00106334 which also means that this 50 ohm load
+vc3TNtgaylE-00484-00106335-00106623 is pretty well matched for uh for the
+vc3TNtgaylE-00485-00106624-00106815 radio or for the transceiver for the
+vc3TNtgaylE-00486-00106816-00106951 transmitter we're not getting a lot of
+vc3TNtgaylE-00487-00106952-00107183 feedback or a lot of bounce uh in the
+vc3TNtgaylE-00488-00107183-00107471 circuit
+vc3TNtgaylE-00489-00107472-00107719 but yeah we can we can see even with the
+vc3TNtgaylE-00490-00107720-00107902 the everything warmed up and it's
+vc3TNtgaylE-00491-00107903-00108095 stabilizing
+vc3TNtgaylE-00492-00108096-00108263 the
+vc3TNtgaylE-00493-00108264-00108478 frequency calculation is not exact it's
+vc3TNtgaylE-00494-00108479-00108710 a 7.042
+vc3TNtgaylE-00495-00108711-00108990 and it should be 7.045
+vc3TNtgaylE-00496-00108991-00109415 but it's not it's pretty close
+vc3TNtgaylE-00497-00109416-00109527 so
+vc3TNtgaylE-00498-00109528-00109727 let's look at
+vc3TNtgaylE-00499-00109728-00110039 the other version of this
+vc3TNtgaylE-00500-00110040-00110295 i'm gonna take this off of here
+vc3TNtgaylE-00501-00110296-00110623 turn this off
+vc3TNtgaylE-00502-00110624-00111007 and put this dummy load on the little
+vc3TNtgaylE-00503-00111008-00111231 micro one
+vc3TNtgaylE-00504-00111232-00111447 uh this one is not going to have
+vc3TNtgaylE-00505-00111448-00111734 the same output level
+vc3TNtgaylE-00506-00111735-00112063 as the other one
+vc3TNtgaylE-00507-00112064-00112599 so
+vc3TNtgaylE-00508-00112600-00112878 and i need this doesn't have a button
+vc3TNtgaylE-00509-00112879-00113023 built in
+vc3TNtgaylE-00510-00113024-00113343 so i have a
+vc3TNtgaylE-00511-00113344-00113710 keyer transmitter i think it's this one
+vc3TNtgaylE-00512-00113711-00113871 and i actually didn't bring anything out
+vc3TNtgaylE-00513-00113872-00114039 here to short this
+vc3TNtgaylE-00514-00114040-00114319 and bring my key out here
+vc3TNtgaylE-00515-00114320-00114486 there it goes
+vc3TNtgaylE-00516-00114488-00114775 okay so we're seeing four volts peak to
+vc3TNtgaylE-00517-00114776-00114966 peak three point and it's jumping around
+vc3TNtgaylE-00518-00114967-00115078 three point
+vc3TNtgaylE-00519-00115079-00115327 three to four point two
+vc3TNtgaylE-00520-00115328-00115631 uh and i forgot what frequency crystal
+vc3TNtgaylE-00521-00115632-00115790 is in here but we're seeing a similar
+vc3TNtgaylE-00522-00115791-00115983 jump around from six point nine to seven
+vc3TNtgaylE-00523-00115983-00116127 point something
+vc3TNtgaylE-00524-00116128-00116223 in here
+vc3TNtgaylE-00525-00116224-00116502 um but you can see the the wave
+vc3TNtgaylE-00526-00116503-00116766 uh looks almost the same it's it's
+vc3TNtgaylE-00527-00116767-00117119 fairly stable um despite the
+vc3TNtgaylE-00528-00117120-00117334 the waveform is fairly stable despite
+vc3TNtgaylE-00529-00117335-00117631 the instability of the actual device
+vc3TNtgaylE-00530-00117632-00117863 but this doesn't actually look terrible
+vc3TNtgaylE-00531-00117864-00118031 for such a tiny device
+vc3TNtgaylE-00532-00118032-00118207 but one of the things that you can't see
+vc3TNtgaylE-00533-00118208-00118327 right here
+vc3TNtgaylE-00534-00118328-00118543 because we're reaching the limitations
+vc3TNtgaylE-00535-00118544-00118647 of
+vc3TNtgaylE-00536-00118648-00118675 the
+vc3TNtgaylE-00537-00118676-00118799 [Music]
+vc3TNtgaylE-00538-00118800-00119215 the oscilloscopes use in this range
+vc3TNtgaylE-00539-00119216-00119343 is that
+vc3TNtgaylE-00540-00119344-00119543 anytime you generate a signal there's
+vc3TNtgaylE-00541-00119544-00119734 actually harmonics
+vc3TNtgaylE-00542-00119735-00120127 so at two times the frequency uh and at
+vc3TNtgaylE-00543-00120128-00120286 three times the frequency and at four
+vc3TNtgaylE-00544-00120288-00120502 times and so on and so forth there are
+vc3TNtgaylE-00545-00120503-00120790 harmonics being generated by this device
+vc3TNtgaylE-00546-00120791-00120863 and
+vc3TNtgaylE-00547-00120864-00121199 transmitted out emitted from the device
+vc3TNtgaylE-00548-00121200-00121414 on a commercial
+vc3TNtgaylE-00549-00121415-00121663 transceiver you'll have filters above
+vc3TNtgaylE-00550-00121664-00121783 and below
+vc3TNtgaylE-00551-00121783-00121902 the
+vc3TNtgaylE-00552-00121903-00122071 transmission point
+vc3TNtgaylE-00553-00122072-00122319 most certainly stronger ones above than
+vc3TNtgaylE-00554-00122320-00122454 below
+vc3TNtgaylE-00555-00122455-00122551 and
+vc3TNtgaylE-00556-00122552-00122719 they will
+vc3TNtgaylE-00557-00122720-00122895 be engaged depending on which band or
+vc3TNtgaylE-00558-00122896-00123095 which frequency range you're using on
+vc3TNtgaylE-00559-00123096-00123334 the device
+vc3TNtgaylE-00560-00123335-00123631 and i can demonstrate some of those but
+vc3TNtgaylE-00561-00123632-00123799 uh i'll demonstrate some of those later
+vc3TNtgaylE-00562-00123800-00123958 but what we're looking at or what i'm
+vc3TNtgaylE-00563-00123959-00124127 trying to show right now is that we
+vc3TNtgaylE-00564-00124128-00124286 can't actually see
+vc3TNtgaylE-00565-00124288-00124478 those harmonics
+vc3TNtgaylE-00566-00124479-00124719 being generated by this device with this
+vc3TNtgaylE-00567-00124720-00124934 type of test setup
+vc3TNtgaylE-00568-00124935-00125399 and i'm going to switch equipment to the
+vc3TNtgaylE-00569-00125400-00125647 to the spectrum analyzer and we're going
+vc3TNtgaylE-00570-00125648-00125943 to talk about looking at the signals in
+vc3TNtgaylE-00571-00125944-00126214 a different type of domain rather than
+vc3TNtgaylE-00572-00126215-00126375 voltage and time we're going to look at
+vc3TNtgaylE-00573-00126376-00126510 them in a different domain we're going
+vc3TNtgaylE-00574-00126511-00126878 to look at them in frequency and voltage
+vc3TNtgaylE-00575-00126879-00127078 all right
+vc3TNtgaylE-00576-00127079-00127254 okay before we move completely off of
+vc3TNtgaylE-00577-00127255-00127483 oscilloscopes i wanted to give a quick
+vc3TNtgaylE-00578-00127483-00127702 comparison of
+vc3TNtgaylE-00579-00127703-00127990 the micro oscilloscope versus the larger
+vc3TNtgaylE-00580-00127991-00128151 one just in terms of what you can see on
+vc3TNtgaylE-00581-00128152-00128231 them
+vc3TNtgaylE-00582-00128232-00128423 this is actually pretty full featured it
+vc3TNtgaylE-00583-00128424-00128639 has a signal generator and
+vc3TNtgaylE-00584-00128640-00128831 up to four channels in it has two analog
+vc3TNtgaylE-00585-00128832-00129039 channels and two digital channels
+vc3TNtgaylE-00586-00129040-00129223 which is pretty full featured for a
+vc3TNtgaylE-00587-00129224-00129631 device this size in this price range
+vc3TNtgaylE-00588-00129632-00129966 but it is definitely not as sensitive as
+vc3TNtgaylE-00589-00129967-00130102 the
+vc3TNtgaylE-00590-00130103-00130351 larger oscilloscope but we do see you
+vc3TNtgaylE-00591-00130352-00130663 can pull it that you can look at this is
+vc3TNtgaylE-00592-00130664-00130771 the
+vc3TNtgaylE-00593-00130772-00131054 7.045 megahertz chip
+vc3TNtgaylE-00594-00131055-00131239 and you can see it actually picks it up
+vc3TNtgaylE-00595-00131240-00131383 just fine
+vc3TNtgaylE-00596-00131384-00131623 and it does a good measurement you can't
+vc3TNtgaylE-00597-00131624-00131839 do derivative frequency or things like
+vc3TNtgaylE-00598-00131840-00131983 that on here you actually just have to
+vc3TNtgaylE-00599-00131984-00132190 take a snapshot and measure it and take
+vc3TNtgaylE-00600-00132191-00132390 your best guess that's what it is but
+vc3TNtgaylE-00601-00132391-00132583 you can put measuring pieces on there
+vc3TNtgaylE-00602-00132584-00132783 and it'll actually tell you
+vc3TNtgaylE-00603-00132784-00133031 the delta i can't do it while i'm
+vc3TNtgaylE-00604-00133032-00133263 holding it like this but you can move
+vc3TNtgaylE-00605-00133264-00133414 the measuring lines around and it will
+vc3TNtgaylE-00606-00133415-00133639 tell you the voltage the estimated
+vc3TNtgaylE-00607-00133640-00133943 voltage and the delta between the lines
+vc3TNtgaylE-00608-00133944-00134166 so definitely not a bad tool to have
+vc3TNtgaylE-00609-00134167-00134287 around
+vc3TNtgaylE-00610-00134288-00134719 especially if you can't fit a full-size
+vc3TNtgaylE-00611-00134720-00134959 spectrum analyzer or full-size
+vc3TNtgaylE-00612-00134960-00135078 oscilloscope
+vc3TNtgaylE-00613-00135079-00135278 or don't have the room for one or don't
+vc3TNtgaylE-00614-00135279-00135454 have the money so
+vc3TNtgaylE-00615-00135455-00135999 definitely a good tool to have around
+vc3TNtgaylE-00616-00136000-00136254 all right so now we're going to talk
+vc3TNtgaylE-00617-00136255-00136559 about measuring the signals in a
+vc3TNtgaylE-00618-00136560-00136695 different way
+vc3TNtgaylE-00619-00136696-00136854 we're going to measure
+vc3TNtgaylE-00620-00136855-00136983 frequency
+vc3TNtgaylE-00621-00136984-00137183 and amplitude
+vc3TNtgaylE-00622-00137184-00137366 with the spectrum analyzer
+vc3TNtgaylE-00623-00137367-00137447 so
+vc3TNtgaylE-00624-00137448-00137551 let's see
+vc3TNtgaylE-00625-00137552-00137766 if we can see this so this is a very
+vc3TNtgaylE-00626-00137767-00137983 wide
+vc3TNtgaylE-00627-00137984-00138223 view right now this is all the way
+vc3TNtgaylE-00628-00138224-00138343 from
+vc3TNtgaylE-00629-00138344-00138590 zero hertz which is dc
+vc3TNtgaylE-00630-00138591-00138678 to
+vc3TNtgaylE-00631-00138679-00138935 we're stopping at 350 megahertz
+vc3TNtgaylE-00632-00138936-00139207 this chunk right here where it's super
+vc3TNtgaylE-00633-00139208-00139478 big is actually the fm radio band
+vc3TNtgaylE-00634-00139479-00139663 uh and there's a lot of fm radio
+vc3TNtgaylE-00635-00139664-00139878 stations because i live in a big city
+vc3TNtgaylE-00636-00139879-00140231 so those are very strong right here
+vc3TNtgaylE-00637-00140232-00140399 so uh
+vc3TNtgaylE-00638-00140400-00140671 almost all of the hand bands fit
+vc3TNtgaylE-00639-00140672-00140814 way below
+vc3TNtgaylE-00640-00140815-00140999 or at least that we're concerned with
+vc3TNtgaylE-00641-00141000-00141207 right now fit way below on the left side
+vc3TNtgaylE-00642-00141208-00141351 of the screen
+vc3TNtgaylE-00643-00141352-00141566 so we're gonna have to change our view a
+vc3TNtgaylE-00644-00141567-00141695 little bit
+vc3TNtgaylE-00645-00141696-00141823 and the first way i'm going to measure
+vc3TNtgaylE-00646-00141824-00141983 this is actually just with an antenna
+vc3TNtgaylE-00647-00141984-00142263 i'm not going to connect anything
+vc3TNtgaylE-00648-00142264-00142407 and one thing you'll notice is that
+vc3TNtgaylE-00649-00142408-00142590 actually a lot of
+vc3TNtgaylE-00650-00142591-00142807 a lot of radios actually have displays
+vc3TNtgaylE-00651-00142808-00143087 like this because this spectrum analyzer
+vc3TNtgaylE-00652-00143088-00143343 is basically the front-end half
+vc3TNtgaylE-00653-00143344-00143495 of a radio
+vc3TNtgaylE-00654-00143496-00143647 it's it's not
+vc3TNtgaylE-00655-00143648-00143839 it's it's
+vc3TNtgaylE-00656-00143840-00144014 detecting the signals it's doing the
+vc3TNtgaylE-00657-00144015-00144247 signal detection but it actually doesn't
+vc3TNtgaylE-00658-00144248-00144366 do
+vc3TNtgaylE-00659-00144367-00144639 decoding or demodulation so
+vc3TNtgaylE-00660-00144640-00144799 it's basically
+vc3TNtgaylE-00661-00144800-00145183 the front end half of a radio
+vc3TNtgaylE-00662-00145184-00145390 and so what i'm going to do here is i'm
+vc3TNtgaylE-00663-00145391-00145639 going to change the frequency and we're
+vc3TNtgaylE-00664-00145640-00145951 going to start around
+vc3TNtgaylE-00665-00145952-00146126 uh where do i want to start we'll start
+vc3TNtgaylE-00666-00146127-00146214 around
+vc3TNtgaylE-00667-00146215-00146811 6.8 megahertz and we'll go to
+vc3TNtgaylE-00668-00146812-00147007 7.1
+vc3TNtgaylE-00669-00147008-00147143 megahertz
+vc3TNtgaylE-00670-00147144-00147263 so we get a
+vc3TNtgaylE-00671-00147264-00147447 smaller band
+vc3TNtgaylE-00672-00147448-00147535 uh
+vc3TNtgaylE-00673-00147536-00147783 that might be too small but we'll see if
+vc3TNtgaylE-00674-00147784-00147990 this works so the the the way that this
+vc3TNtgaylE-00675-00147991-00148175 hardware is designed it actually doesn't
+vc3TNtgaylE-00676-00148176-00148431 do as well scanning smaller areas and
+vc3TNtgaylE-00677-00148432-00148687 finer detail but we should be able to
+vc3TNtgaylE-00678-00148688-00148987 see so this should be at uh
+vc3TNtgaylE-00679-00148988-00149278 7.045 so somewhere a little bit to the
+vc3TNtgaylE-00680-00149279-00149551 left of the screen here
+vc3TNtgaylE-00681-00149552-00149807 or to the right of the screen sorry
+vc3TNtgaylE-00682-00149808-00149902 so
+vc3TNtgaylE-00683-00149903-00150175 let's see turn this on oops
+vc3TNtgaylE-00684-00150176-00150431 i'm gonna turn my power back on
+vc3TNtgaylE-00685-00150432-00150566 all right so
+vc3TNtgaylE-00686-00150567-00150790 there's our signal right there
+vc3TNtgaylE-00687-00150791-00150943 and it actually looks
+vc3TNtgaylE-00688-00150944-00151278 pretty good uh it's not very strong it's
+vc3TNtgaylE-00689-00151279-00151654 at negative 78 dbm
+vc3TNtgaylE-00690-00151655-00151983 remember that's millivolts
+vc3TNtgaylE-00691-00151984-00152231 decibels is a logarithmic scale in mil
+vc3TNtgaylE-00692-00152232-00152614 and we're using millivolts as a base
+vc3TNtgaylE-00693-00152615-00152854 so this actually doesn't look terrible
+vc3TNtgaylE-00694-00152855-00152966 uh
+vc3TNtgaylE-00695-00152967-00153247 but what we're not seeing when we're
+vc3TNtgaylE-00696-00153248-00153375 um
+vc3TNtgaylE-00697-00153376-00153590 when we're zoomed
+vc3TNtgaylE-00698-00153591-00153790 in this far
+vc3TNtgaylE-00699-00153791-00154063 let's go let's change the top end of
+vc3TNtgaylE-00700-00154064-00154366 this to be 15 megahertz
+vc3TNtgaylE-00701-00154367-00154551 so now we have a big
+vc3TNtgaylE-00702-00154552-00154783 quite a big range right here
+vc3TNtgaylE-00703-00154784-00154999 now so our signal should be way over
+vc3TNtgaylE-00704-00155000-00155159 here to the left
+vc3TNtgaylE-00705-00155160-00155375 and you can actually see it
+vc3TNtgaylE-00706-00155376-00155614 is picking it up
+vc3TNtgaylE-00707-00155615-00155990 this type of homebrew project
+vc3TNtgaylE-00708-00155991-00156166 it actually emits
+vc3TNtgaylE-00709-00156167-00156351 some signal
+vc3TNtgaylE-00710-00156352-00156511 even though we're not powering up the
+vc3TNtgaylE-00711-00156512-00156678 transistors they actually have just like
+vc3TNtgaylE-00712-00156679-00156871 a warm state i think that
+vc3TNtgaylE-00713-00156872-00157078 lets them emit some signal
+vc3TNtgaylE-00714-00157079-00157214 uh you wouldn't be able to see it unless
+vc3TNtgaylE-00715-00157215-00157383 you're really close to it but i've got
+vc3TNtgaylE-00716-00157384-00157543 this only a few inches away so we can
+vc3TNtgaylE-00717-00157544-00157719 pick it up
+vc3TNtgaylE-00718-00157720-00157895 so it's actually
+vc3TNtgaylE-00719-00157896-00158231 registering at 7.04 something
+vc3TNtgaylE-00720-00158232-00158526 which is where we're uh where our
+vc3TNtgaylE-00721-00158527-00158671 frequency is
+vc3TNtgaylE-00722-00158672-00158847 but you can also see there's another
+vc3TNtgaylE-00723-00158848-00159023 spur right here
+vc3TNtgaylE-00724-00159024-00159231 uh and i think that's our harmonics let
+vc3TNtgaylE-00725-00159232-00159375 me
+vc3TNtgaylE-00726-00159376-00159575 transmit here
+vc3TNtgaylE-00727-00159576-00159814 uh okay so there you can actually see
+vc3TNtgaylE-00728-00159815-00160031 two spurs here
+vc3TNtgaylE-00729-00160032-00160278 um they're not super well defined so
+vc3TNtgaylE-00730-00160279-00160359 this
+vc3TNtgaylE-00731-00160360-00160583 thing isn't super powerful
+vc3TNtgaylE-00732-00160584-00160766 let me try and zoom out
+vc3TNtgaylE-00733-00160767-00160966 a little bit more
+vc3TNtgaylE-00734-00160967-00161278 so let's stop this at
+vc3TNtgaylE-00735-00161279-00161414 22
+vc3TNtgaylE-00736-00161415-00161631 megahertz
+vc3TNtgaylE-00737-00161632-00161975 let's see if we can see
+vc3TNtgaylE-00738-00161976-00162311 so it's actually not bad
+vc3TNtgaylE-00739-00162312-00162431 at least
+vc3TNtgaylE-00740-00162432-00162647 there we go actually if i move it a
+vc3TNtgaylE-00741-00162648-00162831 little bit closer
+vc3TNtgaylE-00742-00162832-00163287 you can see it a little bit better
+vc3TNtgaylE-00743-00163288-00163447 uh let me see
+vc3TNtgaylE-00744-00163448-00163623 arrange this a little bit
+vc3TNtgaylE-00745-00163624-00163759 so
+vc3TNtgaylE-00746-00163760-00163895 these
+vc3TNtgaylE-00747-00163896-00164399 spectrum analyzers are very sensitive
+vc3TNtgaylE-00748-00164400-00164702 so now we can actually see
+vc3TNtgaylE-00749-00164703-00164919 the second and
+vc3TNtgaylE-00750-00164920-00165095 third harmonic here
+vc3TNtgaylE-00751-00165096-00165359 of our frequency
+vc3TNtgaylE-00752-00165360-00165526 and
+vc3TNtgaylE-00753-00165527-00165799 these are what commercial radios need to
+vc3TNtgaylE-00754-00165800-00165983 suppress so they need to have filters to
+vc3TNtgaylE-00755-00165984-00166119 push them out this homebrew radio
+vc3TNtgaylE-00756-00166120-00166383 doesn't have it again we're only
+vc3TNtgaylE-00757-00166384-00166583 emitting a few milliwatts here it's not
+vc3TNtgaylE-00758-00166584-00166687 really
+vc3TNtgaylE-00759-00166688-00166863 that much of an issue but
+vc3TNtgaylE-00760-00166864-00167014 uh this also
+vc3TNtgaylE-00761-00167015-00167126 uh
+vc3TNtgaylE-00762-00167127-00167302 sort of gives some insight into where
+vc3TNtgaylE-00763-00167303-00167526 why the ham radio bands are spaced the
+vc3TNtgaylE-00764-00167527-00167823 way we they are so like seven megahertz
+vc3TNtgaylE-00765-00167824-00168087 uh is the 40 meter band and then 20
+vc3TNtgaylE-00766-00168088-00168326 megahertz or 14 megahertz is the 20
+vc3TNtgaylE-00767-00168327-00168454 meter band
+vc3TNtgaylE-00768-00168455-00168799 and then 15 meters is 21 megahertz so
+vc3TNtgaylE-00769-00168800-00169159 those are all uh harmonics of each other
+vc3TNtgaylE-00770-00169160-00169343 and that's one of the reasons so if your
+vc3TNtgaylE-00771-00169344-00169526 ham radio equipment malfunctions are
+vc3TNtgaylE-00772-00169527-00169775 actually only affecting other
+vc3TNtgaylE-00773-00169776-00170014 amateur radio enthusiasts
+vc3TNtgaylE-00774-00170015-00170190 rather than affecting some commercial
+vc3TNtgaylE-00775-00170191-00170351 frequencies
+vc3TNtgaylE-00776-00170352-00170478 at least in a lot of cases they're not
+vc3TNtgaylE-00777-00170479-00170695 all like that but the the majority of
+vc3TNtgaylE-00778-00170696-00170871 them are
+vc3TNtgaylE-00779-00170872-00171151 so uh
+vc3TNtgaylE-00780-00171152-00171502 this is showing again this is showing uh
+vc3TNtgaylE-00781-00171503-00171966 frequency and amplitude
+vc3TNtgaylE-00782-00171967-00172217 bring up my notes again
+vc3TNtgaylE-00783-00172218-00172614 [Music]
+vc3TNtgaylE-00784-00172615-00172854 another way that we can check actually
+vc3TNtgaylE-00785-00172855-00172990 um
+vc3TNtgaylE-00786-00172991-00173166 we can actually
+vc3TNtgaylE-00787-00173167-00173623 use a short wave radio oops
+vc3TNtgaylE-00788-00173624-00173790 and you can hear that but that's right
+vc3TNtgaylE-00789-00173791-00174102 at 7045 and if i
+vc3TNtgaylE-00790-00174103-00174399 transmit the signal goes from
+vc3TNtgaylE-00791-00174400-00174566 oh it's actually still
+vc3TNtgaylE-00792-00174567-00174759 i move it
+vc3TNtgaylE-00793-00174760-00175102 close you can hear that it's
+vc3TNtgaylE-00794-00175103-00175407 i'm gonna move it further away
+vc3TNtgaylE-00795-00175408-00175631 uh the signal drops down but then if i
+vc3TNtgaylE-00796-00175632-00175751 transmit
+vc3TNtgaylE-00797-00175752-00176131 you can hear it
+vc3TNtgaylE-00798-00176132-00176351 [Music]
+vc3TNtgaylE-00799-00176352-00176783 so if i take this up to
+vc3TNtgaylE-00800-00176784-00177111 14.
+vc3TNtgaylE-00801-00177112-00177407 let's start at 1480
+vc3TNtgaylE-00802-00177408-00178326 and we'll see if we can find this
+vc3TNtgaylE-00803-00178327-00178519 so there it is
+vc3TNtgaylE-00804-00178520-00178843 so there's the there's the harmonic
+vc3TNtgaylE-00805-00178844-00178975 [Music]
+vc3TNtgaylE-00806-00178976-00179454 somewhere around here
+vc3TNtgaylE-00807-00179455-00179790 uh and sorry if that's obnoxious noising
+vc3TNtgaylE-00808-00179791-00180054 or obnoxious sounding
+vc3TNtgaylE-00809-00180055-00180302 but um so that's that's another way to
+vc3TNtgaylE-00810-00180303-00180566 demonstrate um that there is leakage on
+vc3TNtgaylE-00811-00180567-00180726 these other bands
+vc3TNtgaylE-00812-00180727-00180926 and like i said a spectrum analyzer is
+vc3TNtgaylE-00813-00180927-00181175 really just the front end of a radio
+vc3TNtgaylE-00814-00181176-00181351 anyway it can be a little bit more
+vc3TNtgaylE-00815-00181352-00181495 sensitive
+vc3TNtgaylE-00816-00181496-00181671 but it's it's doing the same things that
+vc3TNtgaylE-00817-00181672-00181823 the front end of a radio does the
+vc3TNtgaylE-00818-00181824-00182119 receiving
+vc3TNtgaylE-00819-00182120-00182326 signal side of the radio
+vc3TNtgaylE-00820-00182327-00182495 uh so another way to measure this i'm
+vc3TNtgaylE-00821-00182496-00182702 measuring right now i'm not connected to
+vc3TNtgaylE-00822-00182703-00182951 anything i'm just measuring uh with an
+vc3TNtgaylE-00823-00182952-00183207 antenna nothing's physically touching
+vc3TNtgaylE-00824-00183208-00183447 which is not bad for
+vc3TNtgaylE-00825-00183448-00183654 for stronger signals or when you don't
+vc3TNtgaylE-00826-00183655-00183783 need things to be exact but there's
+vc3TNtgaylE-00827-00183784-00184063 actually a lot of interference here
+vc3TNtgaylE-00828-00184064-00184143 uh
+vc3TNtgaylE-00829-00184144-00184407 for uh just from the air right like you
+vc3TNtgaylE-00830-00184408-00184583 saw how much uh
+vc3TNtgaylE-00831-00184584-00184783 how many signals were here if i zoom out
+vc3TNtgaylE-00832-00184784-00184959 to go
+vc3TNtgaylE-00833-00184960-00185223 you know in the hundreds of megahertz so
+vc3TNtgaylE-00834-00185224-00185631 let's go to 200 megahertz top end
+vc3TNtgaylE-00835-00185632-00185871 um there's a lot of signals around me
+vc3TNtgaylE-00836-00185872-00185975 from
+vc3TNtgaylE-00837-00185976-00186214 from the fluorescent lights from wi-fi
+vc3TNtgaylE-00838-00186215-00186407 hotspots from from
+vc3TNtgaylE-00839-00186408-00186614 wi-fi hot spots are much higher but from
+vc3TNtgaylE-00840-00186615-00186766 all sorts of things there's there's all
+vc3TNtgaylE-00841-00186767-00186902 sorts of
+vc3TNtgaylE-00842-00186903-00187063 interference so if you need to do a
+vc3TNtgaylE-00843-00187064-00187207 cleaner
+vc3TNtgaylE-00844-00187208-00187414 analysis of a signal
+vc3TNtgaylE-00845-00187415-00187559 you can actually
+vc3TNtgaylE-00846-00187560-00187638 run
+vc3TNtgaylE-00847-00187639-00187911 the output of something directly into a
+vc3TNtgaylE-00848-00187912-00188095 spectrum analyzer
+vc3TNtgaylE-00849-00188096-00188390 but a spectrum analyzer has a maximum
+vc3TNtgaylE-00850-00188391-00188711 voltage and power that it can absorb
+vc3TNtgaylE-00851-00188712-00188926 so what we need to do is we actually
+vc3TNtgaylE-00852-00188927-00189095 even with something this small we
+vc3TNtgaylE-00853-00189096-00189350 actually need to use a tool called an
+vc3TNtgaylE-00854-00189351-00189487 attenuator
+vc3TNtgaylE-00855-00189488-00189735 to reduce the signal
+vc3TNtgaylE-00856-00189736-00189975 to a point that we're not going to
+vc3TNtgaylE-00857-00189976-00190175 blow up our
+vc3TNtgaylE-00858-00190176-00190311 nice equipment
+vc3TNtgaylE-00859-00190312-00190431 so
+vc3TNtgaylE-00860-00190432-00190743 i've got
+vc3TNtgaylE-00861-00190744-00191047 several attenuators here
+vc3TNtgaylE-00862-00191048-00191326 so this one can attenuate
+vc3TNtgaylE-00863-00191327-00191663 10 watts of input power and it drops it
+vc3TNtgaylE-00864-00191664-00191935 by 20 decibels
+vc3TNtgaylE-00865-00191936-00192159 which is pretty significant and then
+vc3TNtgaylE-00866-00192160-00192407 i've got smaller ones here i've got 10
+vc3TNtgaylE-00867-00192408-00192607 dbs
+vc3TNtgaylE-00868-00192608-00193119 and 20 dbs so these are usually 2 watts
+vc3TNtgaylE-00869-00193120-00193319 this is this is up to 10 watts in so
+vc3TNtgaylE-00870-00193320-00193599 this one i can actually use with
+vc3TNtgaylE-00871-00193600-00193799 you know a 5 watt output radio and i can
+vc3TNtgaylE-00872-00193800-00193975 drop it down
+vc3TNtgaylE-00873-00193976-00194119 to something
+vc3TNtgaylE-00874-00194120-00194447 that's safe for
+vc3TNtgaylE-00875-00194448-00194702 safe for this what i'm going to do
+vc3TNtgaylE-00876-00194703-00194895 i'm going to grab some cables real quick
+vc3TNtgaylE-00877-00194896-00195071 and set this up and i'm going to put
+vc3TNtgaylE-00878-00195072-00195390 this on the output antenna of our little
+vc3TNtgaylE-00879-00195391-00195511 test radio and i'm going to put it
+vc3TNtgaylE-00880-00195512-00195838 directly into the low input
+vc3TNtgaylE-00881-00195839-00196254 on the spectrum analyzer
+vc3TNtgaylE-00882-00196255-00196326 so
+vc3TNtgaylE-00883-00196327-00196526 uh through the magic of editing uh
+vc3TNtgaylE-00884-00196527-00196711 you're now seeing another take of this
+vc3TNtgaylE-00885-00196712-00196950 um but the
+vc3TNtgaylE-00886-00196951-00197199 what i have uh as i have
+vc3TNtgaylE-00887-00197200-00197390 the
+vc3TNtgaylE-00888-00197391-00197471 uh
+vc3TNtgaylE-00889-00197472-00197671 proto board
+vc3TNtgaylE-00890-00197672-00197935 is going through the attenuators
+vc3TNtgaylE-00891-00197936-00198126 directly into
+vc3TNtgaylE-00892-00198127-00198278 the spectrum analyzer and i'll move this
+vc3TNtgaylE-00893-00198279-00198607 around a bit to try and
+vc3TNtgaylE-00894-00198608-00198935 fight the glare from the overhead lights
+vc3TNtgaylE-00895-00198936-00199111 and i've got the oscilloscope still
+vc3TNtgaylE-00896-00199112-00199278 hooked up just so we can see when the
+vc3TNtgaylE-00897-00199279-00199502 output's happening and stuff uh and what
+vc3TNtgaylE-00898-00199503-00199647 i've done is i've actually gone into the
+vc3TNtgaylE-00899-00199648-00199814 menus on here and i've turned on
+vc3TNtgaylE-00900-00199815-00200071 harmonic measuring uh on the
+vc3TNtgaylE-00901-00200072-00200311 oscilloscope or sorry on the spectrum
+vc3TNtgaylE-00902-00200312-00200438 analyzer
+vc3TNtgaylE-00903-00200439-00200566 so it'll actually
+vc3TNtgaylE-00904-00200567-00200838 tag not just the peak but the second and
+vc3TNtgaylE-00905-00200839-00200999 third harmonics or however many you're
+vc3TNtgaylE-00906-00201000-00201150 showing on
+vc3TNtgaylE-00907-00201151-00201295 on the screen so right now i have it
+vc3TNtgaylE-00908-00201296-00201719 from six megahertz to 20
+vc3TNtgaylE-00909-00201720-00201983 it's actually up to 35 megahertz
+vc3TNtgaylE-00910-00201984-00202231 so it's pretty wide range right now
+vc3TNtgaylE-00911-00202232-00202375 so we should be able to see at least the
+vc3TNtgaylE-00912-00202376-00202575 first and second harmonics
+vc3TNtgaylE-00913-00202576-00202823 so i've got this powered on
+vc3TNtgaylE-00914-00202824-00203078 and if we push the button
+vc3TNtgaylE-00915-00203079-00203247 it'll actually say
+vc3TNtgaylE-00916-00203248-00203526 uh let's see if we can see that uh
+vc3TNtgaylE-00917-00203527-00203750 there's a peak
+vc3TNtgaylE-00918-00203751-00204087 and then a second peak and a third peak
+vc3TNtgaylE-00919-00204088-00204343 and those are the first second or the
+vc3TNtgaylE-00920-00204344-00204638 the second and third harmonics from
+vc3TNtgaylE-00921-00204639-00204871 from this device and
+vc3TNtgaylE-00922-00204871-00205110 they show up right at the the place
+vc3TNtgaylE-00923-00205111-00205390 where you would think they would um
+vc3TNtgaylE-00924-00205391-00205679 so it's you know
+vc3TNtgaylE-00925-00205680-00205838 it says plus
+vc3TNtgaylE-00926-00205839-00206223 seven megahertz so it's it's 7 to 14
+vc3TNtgaylE-00927-00206223-00206486 and then 14 to 21.
+vc3TNtgaylE-00928-00206487-00206614 uh and
+vc3TNtgaylE-00929-00206615-00207046 the second harmonic is negative 30
+vc3TNtgaylE-00930-00207048-00207166 db
+vc3TNtgaylE-00931-00207167-00207282 down from
+vc3TNtgaylE-00932-00207283-00207438 the
+vc3TNtgaylE-00933-00207439-00207686 original signal and the
+vc3TNtgaylE-00934-00207687-00208094 third harmonic is negative 34 to 40
+vc3TNtgaylE-00935-00208096-00208279 down from
+vc3TNtgaylE-00936-00208280-00208486 the primary signal so
+vc3TNtgaylE-00937-00208487-00208679 and this is important because the way
+vc3TNtgaylE-00938-00208680-00208966 that the fcc writes the rules uh
+vc3TNtgaylE-00939-00208967-00209046 your
+vc3TNtgaylE-00940-00209048-00209246 harmonics have to be a certain level
+vc3TNtgaylE-00941-00209248-00209455 below your primary signal i believe it's
+vc3TNtgaylE-00942-00209456-00209694 like negative 68
+vc3TNtgaylE-00943-00209696-00209831 decibels
+vc3TNtgaylE-00944-00209832-00210015 or 68 decibels down from your primary
+vc3TNtgaylE-00945-00210016-00210127 signal
+vc3TNtgaylE-00946-00210128-00210431 so this is not really in compliance uh
+vc3TNtgaylE-00947-00210432-00210567 you know you couldn't sell this to
+vc3TNtgaylE-00948-00210567-00210671 anybody
+vc3TNtgaylE-00949-00210671-00210806 or anything like that but it's very
+vc3TNtgaylE-00950-00210807-00211015 interesting to to test with and you can
+vc3TNtgaylE-00951-00211016-00211134 see
+vc3TNtgaylE-00952-00211135-00211287 the extra
+vc3TNtgaylE-00953-00211288-00211703 or spurious emissions from the device
+vc3TNtgaylE-00954-00211704-00211927 and so this tool is really useful for
+vc3TNtgaylE-00955-00211928-00212134 measuring those and making sure
+vc3TNtgaylE-00956-00212135-00212310 that you understand what the properties
+vc3TNtgaylE-00957-00212311-00212727 of the output are for your device
+vc3TNtgaylE-00958-00212728-00212879 and
+vc3TNtgaylE-00959-00212880-00212958 the
+vc3TNtgaylE-00960-00212959-00213151 next thing we're going to do
+vc3TNtgaylE-00961-00213152-00213479 is i want to hook up an sdr and we're
+vc3TNtgaylE-00962-00213480-00213703 going to do similar measurement on the
+vc3TNtgaylE-00963-00213704-00213887 sdr we're not going to do it directly
+vc3TNtgaylE-00964-00213888-00214071 but we're going to set up an ser with a
+vc3TNtgaylE-00965-00214071-00214223 laptop real quick
+vc3TNtgaylE-00966-00214223-00214591 and we'll look at that
+vc3TNtgaylE-00967-00214592-00214855 so now what i've got is i've got my
+vc3TNtgaylE-00968-00214856-00215215 little windows tablet hooked up
+vc3TNtgaylE-00969-00215216-00215527 through a usb extender to a very
+vc3TNtgaylE-00970-00215528-00215710 inexpensive
+vc3TNtgaylE-00971-00215711-00215991 sdr this is rtl sdr
+vc3TNtgaylE-00972-00215992-00216182 and i have it going through an up
+vc3TNtgaylE-00973-00216183-00216358 converter
+vc3TNtgaylE-00974-00216359-00216710 that pushes up the the frequency 120
+vc3TNtgaylE-00975-00216711-00216846 megahertz
+vc3TNtgaylE-00976-00216848-00217079 and that's because these
+vc3TNtgaylE-00977-00217080-00217255 sdrs are not very good at actually
+vc3TNtgaylE-00978-00217256-00217455 picking up lower frequencies the larger
+vc3TNtgaylE-00979-00217456-00217646 wavelengths they don't do as well
+vc3TNtgaylE-00980-00217648-00217871 they can do okay but uh this is a nice
+vc3TNtgaylE-00981-00217871-00218110 little device to have around
+vc3TNtgaylE-00982-00218111-00218367 for messing with the ham radio bands
+vc3TNtgaylE-00983-00218367-00218534 especially since there tend to be much
+vc3TNtgaylE-00984-00218535-00218710 lower frequency than a lot of modern
+vc3TNtgaylE-00985-00218711-00218831 radios
+vc3TNtgaylE-00986-00218832-00219046 and i have this hooked up to
+vc3TNtgaylE-00987-00219048-00219215 just a very
+vc3TNtgaylE-00988-00219216-00219382 simple random wire antenna that we're
+vc3TNtgaylE-00989-00219383-00219631 going to actually look at later with the
+vc3TNtgaylE-00990-00219632-00219934 vna and i also have this running just so
+vc3TNtgaylE-00991-00219935-00220127 we can do a comparison
+vc3TNtgaylE-00992-00220128-00220351 but what you'll see
+vc3TNtgaylE-00993-00220352-00220542 hopefully shows up in the video at the
+vc3TNtgaylE-00994-00220544-00220710 bottom right here is there's actually a
+vc3TNtgaylE-00995-00220711-00220958 spectrum
+vc3TNtgaylE-00996-00220959-00221215 there's actually a spectrum graph looks
+vc3TNtgaylE-00997-00221216-00221446 very similar to to this it's a little
+vc3TNtgaylE-00998-00221448-00221606 bit more detailed obviously there's more
+vc3TNtgaylE-00999-00221607-00221791 pixels here
+vc3TNtgaylE-01000-00221792-00222023 and then there's a zoomed in version on
+vc3TNtgaylE-01001-00222023-00222223 this lower section of the screen right
+vc3TNtgaylE-01002-00222223-00222327 here
+vc3TNtgaylE-01003-00222328-00222558 and so when i transmit
+vc3TNtgaylE-01004-00222559-00222927 where is it
+vc3TNtgaylE-01005-00222928-00223304 so this is picking it up
+vc3TNtgaylE-01006-00223305-00223510 [Music]
+vc3TNtgaylE-01007-00223511-00223831 and uh so is this there's the the
+vc3TNtgaylE-01008-00223832-00224046 contrast isn't as great on here i'd act
+vc3TNtgaylE-01009-00224048-00224175 i'd have to play with the settings to
+vc3TNtgaylE-01010-00224176-00224367 get it to zoom in
+vc3TNtgaylE-01011-00224367-00224567 but this is this this is what i mean
+vc3TNtgaylE-01012-00224567-00224751 when i say that the spectrum analyzer is
+vc3TNtgaylE-01013-00224752-00224887 basically doing
+vc3TNtgaylE-01014-00224888-00225110 um you know the the
+vc3TNtgaylE-01015-00225111-00225303 same part as the front end of a radio
+vc3TNtgaylE-01016-00225304-00225439 which is pulling in the signals and
+vc3TNtgaylE-01017-00225440-00225687 putting it into a format that you can
+vc3TNtgaylE-01018-00225688-00225958 start demodulating or inspecting and
+vc3TNtgaylE-01019-00225959-00226191 that's really all this is doing too is
+vc3TNtgaylE-01020-00226192-00226319 it's turning
+vc3TNtgaylE-01021-00226319-00226503 the
+vc3TNtgaylE-01022-00226504-00226639 the
+vc3TNtgaylE-01023-00226640-00226863 in phase and the quadrature
+vc3TNtgaylE-01024-00226864-00227142 sampling of the signal into sound on
+vc3TNtgaylE-01025-00227144-00227319 left and right channel
+vc3TNtgaylE-01026-00227319-00227551 and then the software here is doing all
+vc3TNtgaylE-01027-00227552-00227839 the work to turn this into audio uh the
+vc3TNtgaylE-01028-00227840-00227998 audio is coming straight from the
+vc3TNtgaylE-01029-00228000-00228127 software there's no
+vc3TNtgaylE-01030-00228128-00228439 audio real output on this
+vc3TNtgaylE-01031-00228440-00228631 even though it's sending
+vc3TNtgaylE-01032-00228632-00228758 through an audio signal it's actually
+vc3TNtgaylE-01033-00228759-00228863 not
+vc3TNtgaylE-01034-00228864-00228975 what you would think of as an audio
+vc3TNtgaylE-01035-00228976-00229151 signal
+vc3TNtgaylE-01036-00229152-00229367 traditionally so
+vc3TNtgaylE-01037-00229367-00229710 and you can actually see on here
+vc3TNtgaylE-01038-00229711-00229919 because the computer is doing
+vc3TNtgaylE-01039-00229919-00230175 most of the work
+vc3TNtgaylE-01040-00230176-00230334 we can actually get a little bit more
+vc3TNtgaylE-01041-00230335-00230463 detail
+vc3TNtgaylE-01042-00230464-00230646 and you can actually see that the signal
+vc3TNtgaylE-01043-00230648-00231094 is drifting a little bit as the
+vc3TNtgaylE-01044-00231096-00231351 as the device
+vc3TNtgaylE-01045-00231352-00231623 changes as the device warms up or down
+vc3TNtgaylE-01046-00231623-00231879 uh
+vc3TNtgaylE-01047-00231880-00232046 or if i touch something
+vc3TNtgaylE-01048-00232048-00232382 uh it changes it um
+vc3TNtgaylE-01049-00232383-00232710 it drifts quite a bit actually
+vc3TNtgaylE-01050-00232711-00232958 well that's interesting
+vc3TNtgaylE-01051-00232959-00233158 so yeah it drifted all the way out of
+vc3TNtgaylE-01052-00233159-00233310 the range that we were actually looking
+vc3TNtgaylE-01053-00233311-00233503 at
+vc3TNtgaylE-01054-00233504-00233775 so
+vc3TNtgaylE-01055-00233776-00233951 it's not that
+vc3TNtgaylE-01056-00233952-00234134 you can tell it's not very great for a
+vc3TNtgaylE-01057-00234135-00234367 homegroup device but
+vc3TNtgaylE-01058-00234367-00234463 the
+vc3TNtgaylE-01059-00234464-00234567 the
+vc3TNtgaylE-01060-00234567-00234863 sdrs and the spectrum analyzers very
+vc3TNtgaylE-01061-00234864-00235119 similar uh in their functionality this
+vc3TNtgaylE-01062-00235119-00235255 is obviously
+vc3TNtgaylE-01063-00235256-00235439 very limited to specific types of
+vc3TNtgaylE-01064-00235440-00235663 measurements that's doing the sdr is
+vc3TNtgaylE-01065-00235664-00236015 limited by how quickly it can sample uh
+vc3TNtgaylE-01066-00236016-00236223 various frequency ranges
+vc3TNtgaylE-01067-00236223-00236527 uh and at what resolution it can do it
+vc3TNtgaylE-01068-00236528-00236798 and then the software on the computer
+vc3TNtgaylE-01069-00236800-00236982 does all of the more difficult
+vc3TNtgaylE-01070-00236983-00237215 calculations
+vc3TNtgaylE-01071-00237216-00237639 so that's just a quick demo of using a
+vc3TNtgaylE-01072-00237640-00238039 sdr uh in a similar way to a
+vc3TNtgaylE-01073-00238040-00238446 spectrum analyzer
+vc3TNtgaylE-01074-00238448-00238542 okay
+vc3TNtgaylE-01075-00238544-00238758 i actually was not done with spectrum
+vc3TNtgaylE-01076-00238759-00238951 analyzers
+vc3TNtgaylE-01077-00238952-00239046 one
+vc3TNtgaylE-01078-00239048-00239198 one important aspect that i forgot to
+vc3TNtgaylE-01079-00239200-00239471 talk about for signal finding
+vc3TNtgaylE-01080-00239471-00239710 is you can use a spectrum analyzer or
+vc3TNtgaylE-01081-00239711-00239879 any wideband
+vc3TNtgaylE-01082-00239880-00240103 uh device that can receive the signal
+vc3TNtgaylE-01083-00240104-00240342 frequency that you're looking for uh you
+vc3TNtgaylE-01084-00240344-00240519 can use a directional antenna with that
+vc3TNtgaylE-01085-00240519-00240839 device uh to try and locate uh to try
+vc3TNtgaylE-01086-00240840-00241223 and locate the thing by using the
+vc3TNtgaylE-01087-00241223-00241351 uh
+vc3TNtgaylE-01088-00241352-00241503 directional
+vc3TNtgaylE-01089-00241504-00241798 aspects of your antenna and pointing it
+vc3TNtgaylE-01090-00241800-00241982 at the thing that you're looking for
+vc3TNtgaylE-01091-00241983-00242087 so
+vc3TNtgaylE-01092-00242088-00242287 what i have right here is this is a
+vc3TNtgaylE-01093-00242288-00242582 passive loop antenna off of a
+vc3TNtgaylE-01094-00242583-00242815 am radio stereo
+vc3TNtgaylE-01095-00242816-00243063 uh but it is directional off of the
+vc3TNtgaylE-01096-00243064-00243246 broad side of it so
+vc3TNtgaylE-01097-00243248-00243391 if i set it here
+vc3TNtgaylE-01098-00243392-00243639 on on the ground essentially or on the
+vc3TNtgaylE-01099-00243640-00243767 table it's essentially pointing up and
+vc3TNtgaylE-01100-00243767-00243910 down
+vc3TNtgaylE-01101-00243911-00244071 and we're still picking up these really
+vc3TNtgaylE-01102-00244071-00244255 strong fm radio
+vc3TNtgaylE-01103-00244256-00244567 signals here at 103 megahertz
+vc3TNtgaylE-01104-00244567-00244727 is the peak one
+vc3TNtgaylE-01105-00244728-00245039 but if i pick it up and i turn it
+vc3TNtgaylE-01106-00245040-00245230 i know the towers that way i'm inside a
+vc3TNtgaylE-01107-00245231-00245446 garage with metal doors and stuff but
+vc3TNtgaylE-01108-00245448-00245630 the um
+vc3TNtgaylE-01109-00245631-00245823 we can see that the signal
+vc3TNtgaylE-01110-00245823-00245975 gets higher
+vc3TNtgaylE-01111-00245976-00246167 uh that way and if we're
+vc3TNtgaylE-01112-00246167-00246294 looking at
+vc3TNtgaylE-01113-00246296-00246479 lower frequencies like amateur radio
+vc3TNtgaylE-01114-00246480-00246639 bands or something we can do
+vc3TNtgaylE-01115-00246640-00246894 something similar so if i go to
+vc3TNtgaylE-01116-00246896-00247015 frequency
+vc3TNtgaylE-01117-00247016-00247246 start we'll go to
+vc3TNtgaylE-01118-00247248-00247375 uh
+vc3TNtgaylE-01119-00247376-00247671 let's go to 14
+vc3TNtgaylE-01120-00247671-00248271 megahertz and we'll stop it at 14.2
+vc3TNtgaylE-01121-00248271-00248487 megahertz
+vc3TNtgaylE-01122-00248488-00248639 okay so now
+vc3TNtgaylE-01123-00248640-00248887 um
+vc3TNtgaylE-01124-00248888-00249063 this has got to come down
+vc3TNtgaylE-01125-00249064-00249271 it's going to figure out where it is
+vc3TNtgaylE-01126-00249271-00249455 so we can actually see our noise floor
+vc3TNtgaylE-01127-00249456-00249687 in decibels right here is about negative
+vc3TNtgaylE-01128-00249688-00249958 110 which is pretty good
+vc3TNtgaylE-01129-00249959-00250087 so
+vc3TNtgaylE-01130-00250088-00250223 at uh
+vc3TNtgaylE-01131-00250223-00250471 usually i can find a signal
+vc3TNtgaylE-01132-00250471-00250710 here somewhere but i am inside of a
+vc3TNtgaylE-01133-00250711-00251375 building so usually at 14.074
+vc3TNtgaylE-01134-00251376-00251567 is a
+vc3TNtgaylE-01135-00251567-00251879 very common protocol
+vc3TNtgaylE-01136-00251880-00252094 called ft8
+vc3TNtgaylE-01137-00252096-00252382 uh but it doesn't look like i can pick
+vc3TNtgaylE-01138-00252383-00252567 it anybody up
+vc3TNtgaylE-01139-00252567-00252727 transmitting
+vc3TNtgaylE-01140-00252728-00252967 inside of my garage
+vc3TNtgaylE-01141-00252967-00253215 i might be able to get it with
+vc3TNtgaylE-01142-00253216-00253319 uh
+vc3TNtgaylE-01143-00253319-00253510 with the other radio so let's let's try
+vc3TNtgaylE-01144-00253511-00253679 something else here
+vc3TNtgaylE-01145-00253680-00253863 so like i said you can use lots of
+vc3TNtgaylE-01146-00253864-00254087 different ways but this you can do this
+vc3TNtgaylE-01147-00254088-00254239 with a spectrum analyzer and you get a
+vc3TNtgaylE-01148-00254240-00254367 nice visual
+vc3TNtgaylE-01149-00254367-00254742 again we can turn on the
+vc3TNtgaylE-01150-00254744-00254903 the waterfall which might help us be
+vc3TNtgaylE-01151-00254904-00255142 able to locate something
+vc3TNtgaylE-01152-00255144-00255327 uh you'll see
+vc3TNtgaylE-01153-00255328-00255510 at least a lingering visual
+vc3TNtgaylE-01154-00255511-00255694 representation on here
+vc3TNtgaylE-01155-00255696-00255903 but let's try
+vc3TNtgaylE-01156-00255904-00256006 using
+vc3TNtgaylE-01157-00256007-00256282 a broadbanded
+vc3TNtgaylE-01158-00256283-00256671 radio so i'm going to take this
+vc3TNtgaylE-01159-00256671-00256863 directional antenna off of here i'm
+vc3TNtgaylE-01160-00256864-00257182 going to stick it on
+vc3TNtgaylE-01161-00257183-00257351 my
+vc3TNtgaylE-01162-00257352-00257591 little teksun
+vc3TNtgaylE-01163-00257592-00257734 shortwave radio
+vc3TNtgaylE-01164-00257735-00257887 and this one's nice because it has an
+vc3TNtgaylE-01165-00257888-00258215 external antenna port on it
+vc3TNtgaylE-01166-00258216-00258358 and so i'm going to put this i'm going
+vc3TNtgaylE-01167-00258359-00258494 to do the same thing i'm going to set
+vc3TNtgaylE-01168-00258496-00258606 this at
+vc3TNtgaylE-01169-00258607-00258775 we're already there so we're going to go
+vc3TNtgaylE-01170-00258776-00259087 to 14074
+vc3TNtgaylE-01171-00259088-00259430 area i'll turn this on
+vc3TNtgaylE-01172-00259431-00259582 and
+vc3TNtgaylE-01173-00259583-00259791 if i can find it it sounds like modem
+vc3TNtgaylE-01174-00259792-00259959 sounds if i can find somebody
+vc3TNtgaylE-01175-00259960-00260534 [Applause]
+vc3TNtgaylE-01176-00260535-00260751 no i'm not seeing it
+vc3TNtgaylE-01177-00260752-00260903 i think it's just because i'm in the
+vc3TNtgaylE-01178-00260904-00261127 garage i can usually pick it up if i'm
+vc3TNtgaylE-01179-00261128-00261382 outside so maybe i'll do another
+vc3TNtgaylE-01180-00261383-00261646 uh quick shot of messing with this
+vc3TNtgaylE-01181-00261648-00261903 outside
+vc3TNtgaylE-01182-00261904-00262134 um but yeah this is uh
+vc3TNtgaylE-01183-00262135-00262215 so
+vc3TNtgaylE-01184-00262216-00262310 a
+vc3TNtgaylE-01185-00262311-00262487 broadbanded
+vc3TNtgaylE-01186-00262488-00262758 receiver uh this is a commercial one a
+vc3TNtgaylE-01187-00262759-00262991 taxon
+vc3TNtgaylE-01188-00262992-00263182 shortwave receiver
+vc3TNtgaylE-01189-00263183-00263367 can do this a
+vc3TNtgaylE-01190-00263368-00263663 spectrum analyzer can do this and also
+vc3TNtgaylE-01191-00263664-00263879 you know an amateur radio that's
+vc3TNtgaylE-01192-00263880-00264175 broadbanded can also do this again you
+vc3TNtgaylE-01193-00264176-00264399 what you really need here is some sort
+vc3TNtgaylE-01194-00264400-00264582 of directional antenna
+vc3TNtgaylE-01195-00264583-00264734 that you know
+vc3TNtgaylE-01196-00264735-00264879 most of the properties of so that you
+vc3TNtgaylE-01197-00264880-00265055 can use it to
+vc3TNtgaylE-01198-00265056-00265247 sort of hone in on your signal
+vc3TNtgaylE-01199-00265248-00265375 it's also nice to have a visual
+vc3TNtgaylE-01200-00265376-00265582 representation this has a signal
+vc3TNtgaylE-01201-00265583-00265734 strength bar
+vc3TNtgaylE-01202-00265735-00265982 this one obviously has the decibels
+vc3TNtgaylE-01203-00265983-00266110 some radios
+vc3TNtgaylE-01204-00266111-00266351 or most most amateur radios will have a
+vc3TNtgaylE-01205-00266352-00266615 signal strength bar and s meter
+vc3TNtgaylE-01206-00266616-00266815 but you it also helps to have some sort
+vc3TNtgaylE-01207-00266816-00266879 of
+vc3TNtgaylE-01208-00266880-00267182 visual feedback
+vc3TNtgaylE-01209-00267183-00267463 and or audio feedback to know how strong
+vc3TNtgaylE-01210-00267464-00267655 the signal is as well
+vc3TNtgaylE-01211-00267656-00267855 and that will help you
+vc3TNtgaylE-01212-00267856-00268006 find the
+vc3TNtgaylE-01213-00268007-00268279 location or direction of the thing that
+vc3TNtgaylE-01214-00268280-00268495 you're looking for
+vc3TNtgaylE-01215-00268496-00268879 all right
+vc3TNtgaylE-01216-00268880-00269199 okay and last but not least in terms of
+vc3TNtgaylE-01217-00269200-00269343 equipment we're going to be talking
+vc3TNtgaylE-01218-00269344-00269671 about a vector network analyzer
+vc3TNtgaylE-01219-00269672-00269967 now vector network analyzer is different
+vc3TNtgaylE-01220-00269968-00270223 than the other things that we've used
+vc3TNtgaylE-01221-00270224-00270463 because both an oscilloscope
+vc3TNtgaylE-01222-00270464-00270647 and a
+vc3TNtgaylE-01223-00270648-00270958 spectrum analyzer analyze signals and
+vc3TNtgaylE-01224-00270959-00271391 active pieces of of componentry a vector
+vc3TNtgaylE-01225-00271392-00271543 network analyzer
+vc3TNtgaylE-01226-00271544-00271639 actually
+vc3TNtgaylE-01227-00271640-00271879 is for measuring passive things so no
+vc3TNtgaylE-01228-00271880-00272151 energy goes into this device this device
+vc3TNtgaylE-01229-00272152-00272406 actually generates output
+vc3TNtgaylE-01230-00272407-00272599 and then reads
+vc3TNtgaylE-01231-00272600-00272847 back in off of its own output
+vc3TNtgaylE-01232-00272848-00272927 so
+vc3TNtgaylE-01233-00272928-00273175 we don't put any power into this thing
+vc3TNtgaylE-01234-00273176-00273423 or it'll explode or you'll fry it
+vc3TNtgaylE-01235-00273424-00273647 basically
+vc3TNtgaylE-01236-00273648-00273727 and
+vc3TNtgaylE-01237-00273728-00273855 the display
+vc3TNtgaylE-01238-00273856-00274167 looks a bit overwhelming at first
+vc3TNtgaylE-01239-00274168-00274463 but we'll walk through it
+vc3TNtgaylE-01240-00274464-00274558 but the
+vc3TNtgaylE-01241-00274559-00274695 essentially what it's doing is it's
+vc3TNtgaylE-01242-00274696-00274903 trying to read the properties of
+vc3TNtgaylE-01243-00274904-00275047 whatever the
+vc3TNtgaylE-01244-00275048-00275206 cabling or
+vc3TNtgaylE-01245-00275207-00275527 uh you know
+vc3TNtgaylE-01246-00275528-00275710 at least generally you can call it a
+vc3TNtgaylE-01247-00275711-00275879 network the thing is that it's connected
+vc3TNtgaylE-01248-00275880-00275967 to
+vc3TNtgaylE-01249-00275968-00276158 it's trying to measure the properties
+vc3TNtgaylE-01250-00276159-00276415 the passive properties of the things
+vc3TNtgaylE-01251-00276416-00276575 that it's connected to
+vc3TNtgaylE-01252-00276576-00276767 so the the
+vc3TNtgaylE-01253-00276768-00277039 pieces that we really care about
+vc3TNtgaylE-01254-00277040-00277558 for rf and specifically for ham radio
+vc3TNtgaylE-01255-00277559-00277871 we care about the resistance
+vc3TNtgaylE-01256-00277872-00278158 because we want everything to be 50 ohms
+vc3TNtgaylE-01257-00278159-00278382 and resistance is actually not
+vc3TNtgaylE-01258-00278383-00278727 a linear thing in terms of rf
+vc3TNtgaylE-01259-00278728-00279095 it actually has a capacitance
+vc3TNtgaylE-01260-00279096-00279310 can add resistance and so can inductance
+vc3TNtgaylE-01261-00279311-00279510 which is where you use an inductor or a
+vc3TNtgaylE-01262-00279511-00279806 toroid type thing a coil
+vc3TNtgaylE-01263-00279807-00280055 sort of less common in dc circuits but a
+vc3TNtgaylE-01264-00280056-00280167 coil
+vc3TNtgaylE-01265-00280168-00280423 also causes resistance and can change
+vc3TNtgaylE-01266-00280424-00280567 um
+vc3TNtgaylE-01267-00280568-00280830 can change the resistance equation of
+vc3TNtgaylE-01268-00280831-00281079 the thing so this circular chart here is
+vc3TNtgaylE-01269-00281080-00281263 called a smith chart
+vc3TNtgaylE-01270-00281264-00281487 and right here is
+vc3TNtgaylE-01271-00281488-00281647 50 ohms
+vc3TNtgaylE-01272-00281648-00282030 no capacitance no
+vc3TNtgaylE-01273-00282031-00282158 no inductance
+vc3TNtgaylE-01274-00282159-00282543 and it's you have to calibrate your uh
+vc3TNtgaylE-01275-00282544-00282663 your
+vc3TNtgaylE-01276-00282664-00282887 your vna with a bunch of tools
+vc3TNtgaylE-01277-00282888-00283119 or with some passive component tools i
+vc3TNtgaylE-01278-00283120-00283406 actually have them here so there's a
+vc3TNtgaylE-01279-00283407-00283543 there's a short
+vc3TNtgaylE-01280-00283544-00283806 and open and a 50 ohm load and you use
+vc3TNtgaylE-01281-00283807-00284119 those on your ports here to to calibrate
+vc3TNtgaylE-01282-00284120-00284230 your
+vc3TNtgaylE-01283-00284231-00284534 your 50 ohm starting point
+vc3TNtgaylE-01284-00284535-00284639 uh
+vc3TNtgaylE-01285-00284640-00284719 so
+vc3TNtgaylE-01286-00284720-00284806 the
+vc3TNtgaylE-01287-00284807-00285143 smith chart uh the resistance this green
+vc3TNtgaylE-01288-00285144-00285295 line on mine
+vc3TNtgaylE-01289-00285296-00285471 will move around and it usually will
+vc3TNtgaylE-01290-00285472-00285630 loop and go up and down and come back
+vc3TNtgaylE-01291-00285631-00285839 and forth and we want to keep that close
+vc3TNtgaylE-01292-00285840-00286071 to the middle and close to this point
+vc3TNtgaylE-01293-00286072-00286254 right here which is where it's set at 50
+vc3TNtgaylE-01294-00286255-00286534 ohms
+vc3TNtgaylE-01295-00286535-00286647 the other
+vc3TNtgaylE-01296-00286648-00286751 useful things that we can get out of
+vc3TNtgaylE-01297-00286752-00286991 this is the log mag
+vc3TNtgaylE-01298-00286992-00287367 so this is essentially the uh
+vc3TNtgaylE-01299-00287368-00287599 permeability uh is one way to think
+vc3TNtgaylE-01300-00287600-00287919 about it so it's sending out a signal uh
+vc3TNtgaylE-01301-00287920-00288230 and it how much of it is coming back
+vc3TNtgaylE-01302-00288231-00288415 like so
+vc3TNtgaylE-01303-00288416-00288654 a resonant antenna on a certain
+vc3TNtgaylE-01304-00288655-00288863 frequency all of the signal that you
+vc3TNtgaylE-01305-00288864-00289095 send out to it none of it should come
+vc3TNtgaylE-01306-00289096-00289206 back if you're sending out that
+vc3TNtgaylE-01307-00289207-00289406 frequency
+vc3TNtgaylE-01308-00289407-00289679 and related to that is swr which is what
+vc3TNtgaylE-01309-00289680-00289958 is the magnitude of what's coming back
+vc3TNtgaylE-01310-00289959-00290230 so these two are
+vc3TNtgaylE-01311-00290231-00290519 not quite perfectly but almost inversely
+vc3TNtgaylE-01312-00290520-00290727 related to each other
+vc3TNtgaylE-01313-00290728-00290854 so
+vc3TNtgaylE-01314-00290855-00291143 what these are used for is measuring
+vc3TNtgaylE-01315-00291144-00291358 antennas especially for building and
+vc3TNtgaylE-01316-00291359-00291447 tuning
+vc3TNtgaylE-01317-00291448-00291647 antennas and getting them to the to be
+vc3TNtgaylE-01318-00291648-00291854 the most efficient for where you need
+vc3TNtgaylE-01319-00291855-00292039 them to be
+vc3TNtgaylE-01320-00292040-00292391 and so we're going to look at
+vc3TNtgaylE-01321-00292392-00292495 some
+vc3TNtgaylE-01322-00292496-00292903 antenna components here
+vc3TNtgaylE-01323-00292904-00292975 so
+vc3TNtgaylE-01324-00292976-00293167 this is a
+vc3TNtgaylE-01325-00293168-00293351 9 to 1
+vc3TNtgaylE-01326-00293352-00293582 ratio
+vc3TNtgaylE-01327-00293583-00293871 commercial product this is a ldg
+vc3TNtgaylE-01328-00293872-00294023 antenna
+vc3TNtgaylE-01329-00294024-00294310 so this is an nfed long-wire antenna or
+vc3TNtgaylE-01330-00294311-00294527 n-fed random wire
+vc3TNtgaylE-01331-00294528-00294599 so
+vc3TNtgaylE-01332-00294600-00294879 the signal comes in here
+vc3TNtgaylE-01333-00294880-00294958 um
+vc3TNtgaylE-01334-00294959-00295239 and then it does uh some
+vc3TNtgaylE-01335-00295240-00295487 basically transformer loops like you
+vc3TNtgaylE-01336-00295488-00295775 would think of like a power transformer
+vc3TNtgaylE-01337-00295776-00295991 but it actually goes short
+vc3TNtgaylE-01338-00295992-00296175 right back to ground after it goes
+vc3TNtgaylE-01339-00296176-00296391 through the loop a few times and this
+vc3TNtgaylE-01340-00296392-00296567 may look really weird to somebody who
+vc3TNtgaylE-01341-00296568-00296751 works on dc circuits
+vc3TNtgaylE-01342-00296752-00297015 but on ac there's enough resistance
+vc3TNtgaylE-01343-00297016-00297191 there
+vc3TNtgaylE-01344-00297192-00297271 that
+vc3TNtgaylE-01345-00297272-00297534 this actually is the desired
+vc3TNtgaylE-01346-00297535-00297727 pattern so
+vc3TNtgaylE-01347-00297728-00297903 the majority of your signal is going to
+vc3TNtgaylE-01348-00297904-00298063 come out through
+vc3TNtgaylE-01349-00298064-00298215 it's faded because i had out in the sun
+vc3TNtgaylE-01350-00298216-00298543 but essentially this red port up here
+vc3TNtgaylE-01351-00298544-00298639 this
+vc3TNtgaylE-01352-00298640-00298982 black port is for a
+vc3TNtgaylE-01353-00298983-00299127 counter poise
+vc3TNtgaylE-01354-00299128-00299391 which is not always used for a
+vc3TNtgaylE-01355-00299392-00299567 antenna but it's useful for helping tune
+vc3TNtgaylE-01356-00299568-00299975 it in the field and so
+vc3TNtgaylE-01357-00299976-00300071 what we're going to do is i'm going to
+vc3TNtgaylE-01358-00300072-00300239 hook this up and i've actually just
+vc3TNtgaylE-01359-00300240-00300606 attached literally a random wire this is
+vc3TNtgaylE-01360-00300607-00300782 some harvested
+vc3TNtgaylE-01361-00300783-00301071 cat5 twisted pair wire
+vc3TNtgaylE-01362-00301072-00301271 and i am just i have no idea how long it
+vc3TNtgaylE-01363-00301272-00301454 is i have no idea what this is gonna
+vc3TNtgaylE-01364-00301455-00301606 resonate at or what the properties are
+vc3TNtgaylE-01365-00301607-00301758 so we're gonna take a look uh and
+vc3TNtgaylE-01366-00301759-00302023 hopefully it's interesting
+vc3TNtgaylE-01367-00302024-00302423 so i'm gonna put this on here
+vc3TNtgaylE-01368-00302424-00302558 and
+vc3TNtgaylE-01369-00302559-00302767 so here we go we can already see
+vc3TNtgaylE-01370-00302768-00303103 some interesting bits uh
+vc3TNtgaylE-01371-00303104-00303327 how far am i looking i'm i've actually
+vc3TNtgaylE-01372-00303328-00303582 got a pretty wide range here so we're
+vc3TNtgaylE-01373-00303583-00303951 going from 3.5 to 15 megahertz
+vc3TNtgaylE-01374-00303952-00304287 so we're covering most of the hand bands
+vc3TNtgaylE-01375-00304288-00304623 and across most of the way it looks like
+vc3TNtgaylE-01376-00304624-00304927 our swr is about two
+vc3TNtgaylE-01377-00304928-00305263 and our we're not actually emitting
+vc3TNtgaylE-01378-00305264-00305358 much
+vc3TNtgaylE-01379-00305359-00305503 signal here though
+vc3TNtgaylE-01380-00305504-00305767 so this is this is wide banded but still
+vc3TNtgaylE-01381-00305768-00305895 terrible
+vc3TNtgaylE-01382-00305896-00306119 and our
+vc3TNtgaylE-01383-00306120-00306415 resistance you can see we're getting
+vc3TNtgaylE-01384-00306416-00306615 at the point where the the thing is
+vc3TNtgaylE-01385-00306616-00306887 right now is we actually have uh
+vc3TNtgaylE-01386-00306888-00307063 70 ohms
+vc3TNtgaylE-01387-00307064-00307382 and 520
+vc3TNtgaylE-01388-00307383-00307863 530 picofarads uh so capacitance so we
+vc3TNtgaylE-01389-00307864-00308103 our antenna is actually capacitive right
+vc3TNtgaylE-01390-00308104-00308254 now
+vc3TNtgaylE-01391-00308255-00308327 so
+vc3TNtgaylE-01392-00308328-00308647 there's a few ways that you can combat
+vc3TNtgaylE-01393-00308648-00308806 the capacitance you can actually add
+vc3TNtgaylE-01394-00308807-00309063 more inductors more turns to your toroid
+vc3TNtgaylE-01395-00309064-00309279 here we'll we'll sort of bring that back
+vc3TNtgaylE-01396-00309280-00309487 up
+vc3TNtgaylE-01397-00309488-00309758 but another thing here is that that most
+vc3TNtgaylE-01398-00309759-00310006 people don't realize is that the ground
+vc3TNtgaylE-01399-00310007-00310223 is actually very capacitive so if i
+vc3TNtgaylE-01400-00310224-00310367 actually just pick this up off the
+vc3TNtgaylE-01401-00310368-00310471 ground
+vc3TNtgaylE-01402-00310472-00310679 uh just bail in here
+vc3TNtgaylE-01403-00310680-00310863 and hang it on something maybe i can
+vc3TNtgaylE-01404-00310864-00311143 reduce the capacitance that way
+vc3TNtgaylE-01405-00311144-00311287 um
+vc3TNtgaylE-01406-00311288-00311447 so yeah you can actually see it reduced
+vc3TNtgaylE-01407-00311448-00311806 it a little bit
+vc3TNtgaylE-01408-00311807-00312110 so the
+vc3TNtgaylE-01409-00312111-00312423 so you can actually see how sensitive
+vc3TNtgaylE-01410-00312424-00312654 some of this stuff is so the
+vc3TNtgaylE-01411-00312655-00312751 touching
+vc3TNtgaylE-01412-00312752-00312910 touching antennas
+vc3TNtgaylE-01413-00312911-00313119 moving them around
+vc3TNtgaylE-01414-00313120-00313247 actually
+vc3TNtgaylE-01415-00313248-00313423 changes a lot of their properties even
+vc3TNtgaylE-01416-00313424-00313703 touching this i'm adding capacitance to
+vc3TNtgaylE-01417-00313704-00313943 the circuit your body is capacitive
+vc3TNtgaylE-01418-00313944-00314134 that's why capacitive touch
+vc3TNtgaylE-01419-00314135-00314399 sensors work
+vc3TNtgaylE-01420-00314400-00314639 but we're actually only going up to 15
+vc3TNtgaylE-01421-00314640-00314815 megahertz which in the grand scheme of
+vc3TNtgaylE-01422-00314816-00315110 rf is pretty low
+vc3TNtgaylE-01423-00315111-00315254 so uh
+vc3TNtgaylE-01424-00315255-00315375 we're gonna go
+vc3TNtgaylE-01425-00315376-00315551 we're gonna change the stop marker i'm
+vc3TNtgaylE-01426-00315552-00315703 gonna change this to just let's just
+vc3TNtgaylE-01427-00315704-00315919 change it to like 200 megahertz and
+vc3TNtgaylE-01428-00315920-00316063 we'll see if we see anything more
+vc3TNtgaylE-01429-00316064-00316254 interesting here
+vc3TNtgaylE-01430-00316255-00316503 and wow okay so that looks a lot
+vc3TNtgaylE-01431-00316504-00316727 different so you can actually see
+vc3TNtgaylE-01432-00316728-00316982 the hopefully let me check it up there
+vc3TNtgaylE-01433-00316983-00317279 yeah okay so you can actually see
+vc3TNtgaylE-01434-00317280-00317567 that the resistance goes all over the
+vc3TNtgaylE-01435-00317568-00317687 place
+vc3TNtgaylE-01436-00317688-00317863 and this is the usefulness of the smith
+vc3TNtgaylE-01437-00317864-00318039 chart you can see it's actually going
+vc3TNtgaylE-01438-00318040-00318191 at various frequencies it's actually
+vc3TNtgaylE-01439-00318192-00318430 going from
+vc3TNtgaylE-01440-00318431-00318679 capacitive to inductive
+vc3TNtgaylE-01441-00318680-00318839 and you can actually see that there are
+vc3TNtgaylE-01442-00318840-00319110 some interesting resonant points here
+vc3TNtgaylE-01443-00319111-00319391 especially over here
+vc3TNtgaylE-01444-00319392-00319503 right here
+vc3TNtgaylE-01445-00319504-00319710 and right here and i'll figure out where
+vc3TNtgaylE-01446-00319711-00320023 these are
+vc3TNtgaylE-01447-00320024-00320247 my little
+vc3TNtgaylE-01448-00320248-00320430 this is a touch screen but it's not the
+vc3TNtgaylE-01449-00320431-00320743 best touch screen
+vc3TNtgaylE-01450-00320744-00321015 so somewhere around
+vc3TNtgaylE-01451-00321016-00321191 uh
+vc3TNtgaylE-01452-00321192-00321567 36 megahertz 35 36 megahertz if we can
+vc3TNtgaylE-01453-00321568-00321775 get it down with this one
+vc3TNtgaylE-01454-00321776-00321963 there we go now we're in the hole
+vc3TNtgaylE-01455-00321964-00322247 34.9 megahertz
+vc3TNtgaylE-01456-00322248-00322334 has
+vc3TNtgaylE-01457-00322335-00322582 a spot where we actually are
+vc3TNtgaylE-01458-00322583-00322687 getting
+vc3TNtgaylE-01459-00322688-00322799 uh
+vc3TNtgaylE-01460-00322800-00323087 22 db of gain
+vc3TNtgaylE-01461-00323088-00323447 on the release of the
+vc3TNtgaylE-01462-00323448-00323654 antenna so it's actually emitting
+vc3TNtgaylE-01463-00323655-00323734 uh
+vc3TNtgaylE-01464-00323735-00323951 decently well right there and the swr
+vc3TNtgaylE-01465-00323952-00324223 actually drops to 1.1
+vc3TNtgaylE-01466-00324224-00324551 to uh to one which is really good
+vc3TNtgaylE-01467-00324552-00324695 so
+vc3TNtgaylE-01468-00324696-00324806 uh
+vc3TNtgaylE-01469-00324807-00325223 so right at 34.9 something megahertz uh
+vc3TNtgaylE-01470-00325224-00325519 this antenna would work great
+vc3TNtgaylE-01471-00325520-00325806 uh or it seemingly would work great uh
+vc3TNtgaylE-01472-00325807-00325975 the orientation of it on the ground
+vc3TNtgaylE-01473-00325976-00326110 because i have it just laying down
+vc3TNtgaylE-01474-00326111-00326351 probably actually wouldn't work great
+vc3TNtgaylE-01475-00326352-00326543 okay so then this is another point right
+vc3TNtgaylE-01476-00326544-00326695 here
+vc3TNtgaylE-01477-00326696-00327079 we're at 176.420
+vc3TNtgaylE-01478-00327080-00327247 megahertz
+vc3TNtgaylE-01479-00327248-00327510 and we have similar
+vc3TNtgaylE-01480-00327511-00327823 drops our swr doesn't go quite as low
+vc3TNtgaylE-01481-00327824-00328015 and we don't have quite as much gain on
+vc3TNtgaylE-01482-00328016-00328182 the antenna
+vc3TNtgaylE-01483-00328183-00328399 but it would probably work here
+vc3TNtgaylE-01484-00328400-00328678 almost as well as it would over there
+vc3TNtgaylE-01485-00328679-00328854 so this is
+vc3TNtgaylE-01486-00328855-00329039 this is me touching it actually if i let
+vc3TNtgaylE-01487-00329040-00329358 go of this it might completely change
+vc3TNtgaylE-01488-00329359-00330391 the properties
+vc3TNtgaylE-01489-00330392-00330591 it's not terrible okay it did change it
+vc3TNtgaylE-01490-00330592-00330799 a little bit it actually made it uh
+vc3TNtgaylE-01491-00330800-00331015 quite a bit sharper
+vc3TNtgaylE-01492-00331016-00331606 um on this first one
+vc3TNtgaylE-01493-00331607-00331815 i can't quite get it in the hole
+vc3TNtgaylE-01494-00331816-00332151 so it actually made the swr drop almost
+vc3TNtgaylE-01495-00332152-00332478 to 1.0
+vc3TNtgaylE-01496-00332479-00332647 uh and this one actually looks a little
+vc3TNtgaylE-01497-00332648-00332975 bit sharper too a little bit deeper
+vc3TNtgaylE-01498-00332976-00333199 uh so it's 1.2
+vc3TNtgaylE-01499-00333200-00333623 swr here you know this is this is a
+vc3TNtgaylE-01500-00333624-00333719 uh
+vc3TNtgaylE-01501-00333720-00333934 rough measurement uh like you can't
+vc3TNtgaylE-01502-00333935-00334127 necessarily trust exactly the numbers on
+vc3TNtgaylE-01503-00334128-00334399 here but they do give you a pretty good
+vc3TNtgaylE-01504-00334400-00334567 indication and they're actually more
+vc3TNtgaylE-01505-00334568-00334775 than accurate enough for
+vc3TNtgaylE-01506-00334776-00334967 amateur radio purposes
+vc3TNtgaylE-01507-00334968-00335223 and for most non-commercial purposes as
+vc3TNtgaylE-01508-00335224-00335310 well
+vc3TNtgaylE-01509-00335311-00335510 so
+vc3TNtgaylE-01510-00335511-00335727 but as you can see the antenna itself is
+vc3TNtgaylE-01511-00335728-00335878 very sensitive if i start moving the
+vc3TNtgaylE-01512-00335879-00336103 wire around
+vc3TNtgaylE-01513-00336104-00336327 uh i'm just gonna mess with it a little
+vc3TNtgaylE-01514-00336328-00336775 bit uh it totally changes the graph
+vc3TNtgaylE-01515-00336776-00336967 uh hopefully that's still showing up i
+vc3TNtgaylE-01516-00336968-00337175 know there's some glare in here okay so
+vc3TNtgaylE-01517-00337176-00337334 it totally changes the graph and then me
+vc3TNtgaylE-01518-00337335-00337487 touching it of course totally changes
+vc3TNtgaylE-01519-00337488-00337775 the graph as well
+vc3TNtgaylE-01520-00337776-00337967 so
+vc3TNtgaylE-01521-00337968-00338182 it's important to
+vc3TNtgaylE-01522-00338183-00338447 with the vnas to
+vc3TNtgaylE-01523-00338448-00338567 get yourself
+vc3TNtgaylE-01524-00338568-00338895 set up in a situation where you can
+vc3TNtgaylE-01525-00338896-00339247 not have to touch the actual devices
+vc3TNtgaylE-01526-00339248-00339430 which is actually a lot of the challenge
+vc3TNtgaylE-01527-00339431-00339710 so when you're creating an antenna
+vc3TNtgaylE-01528-00339711-00339854 let's say you're making an antenna from
+vc3TNtgaylE-01529-00339855-00340175 scratch you actually want to set it up
+vc3TNtgaylE-01530-00340176-00340527 in such a way that it's going to be
+vc3TNtgaylE-01531-00340528-00340710 exactly where it's operating or in
+vc3TNtgaylE-01532-00340711-00340847 similar conditions to where it's
+vc3TNtgaylE-01533-00340848-00341023 operating so if you're doing a field
+vc3TNtgaylE-01534-00341024-00341319 antenna you want to
+vc3TNtgaylE-01535-00341320-00341454 set it up
+vc3TNtgaylE-01536-00341455-00341671 on the ground basically or in the in the
+vc3TNtgaylE-01537-00341672-00341830 manner that you're going to be using it
+vc3TNtgaylE-01538-00341831-00341975 in the field
+vc3TNtgaylE-01539-00341976-00342215 so similar heights similar uh
+vc3TNtgaylE-01540-00342216-00342487 environments around it um and then start
+vc3TNtgaylE-01541-00342488-00342671 tuning it because otherwise
+vc3TNtgaylE-01542-00342672-00342887 it's not going to to
+vc3TNtgaylE-01543-00342888-00343015 work the way you think it is in the
+vc3TNtgaylE-01544-00343016-00343230 field
+vc3TNtgaylE-01545-00343231-00343543 and so for the last demo
+vc3TNtgaylE-01546-00343544-00343775 i've got my helper with me we're going
+vc3TNtgaylE-01547-00343776-00343951 to build a
+vc3TNtgaylE-01548-00343952-00344303 a 10 meter dipole
+vc3TNtgaylE-01549-00344304-00344551 and we're going to use the vna
+vc3TNtgaylE-01550-00344552-00344815 to make sure that it does
+vc3TNtgaylE-01551-00344816-00345054 what i think it does
+vc3TNtgaylE-01552-00345055-00345278 and actually real quick before that
+vc3TNtgaylE-01553-00345279-00345439 let me just show you
+vc3TNtgaylE-01554-00345440-00345647 when you're making a dummy load not all
+vc3TNtgaylE-01555-00345648-00345919 dummy loads are equal
+vc3TNtgaylE-01556-00345920-00346143 so let's take this
+vc3TNtgaylE-01557-00346144-00346958 off of here
+vc3TNtgaylE-01558-00346959-00347751 so we're going to stick this guy on here
+vc3TNtgaylE-01559-00347752-00347839 so
+vc3TNtgaylE-01560-00347840-00348047 you can actually see that even though
+vc3TNtgaylE-01561-00348048-00348382 this is should be calculated to 50 ohms
+vc3TNtgaylE-01562-00348383-00348591 depending on where you are frequency
+vc3TNtgaylE-01563-00348592-00348895 wise it doesn't actually do very well
+vc3TNtgaylE-01564-00348896-00349030 all right so
+vc3TNtgaylE-01565-00349031-00349167 uh
+vc3TNtgaylE-01566-00349168-00349319 i lost a little bit of video because i
+vc3TNtgaylE-01567-00349320-00349582 ran out of space but um
+vc3TNtgaylE-01568-00349583-00349758 what we were seeing was the
+vc3TNtgaylE-01569-00349759-00350015 uh this larger dummy load is actually
+vc3TNtgaylE-01570-00350016-00350287 not very consistent it's not very good
+vc3TNtgaylE-01571-00350288-00350519 but if we look at this
+vc3TNtgaylE-01572-00350520-00350710 smaller dummy load
+vc3TNtgaylE-01573-00350711-00350982 that i made right here
+vc3TNtgaylE-01574-00350983-00351134 it actually looks very good at least in
+vc3TNtgaylE-01575-00351135-00351399 the handband range and let's see if i
+vc3TNtgaylE-01576-00351400-00351791 extend the stop part out to 200
+vc3TNtgaylE-01577-00351792-00351975 megahertz
+vc3TNtgaylE-01578-00351976-00352078 uh
+vc3TNtgaylE-01579-00352079-00352182 let's see
+vc3TNtgaylE-01580-00352183-00352415 so it's actually pretty good across the
+vc3TNtgaylE-01581-00352416-00352767 board you can see the swr is basically
+vc3TNtgaylE-01582-00352768-00352958 uh
+vc3TNtgaylE-01583-00352959-00353071 the
+vc3TNtgaylE-01584-00353072-00353239 bring this up closer i can move this one
+vc3TNtgaylE-01585-00353240-00353478 a little bit um
+vc3TNtgaylE-01586-00353479-00353606 the
+vc3TNtgaylE-01587-00353607-00353806 see if that shows up yeah
+vc3TNtgaylE-01588-00353807-00353919 the
+vc3TNtgaylE-01589-00353920-00354023 green
+vc3TNtgaylE-01590-00354024-00354223 uh
+vc3TNtgaylE-01591-00354224-00354463 resistance stays pretty much centered so
+vc3TNtgaylE-01592-00354464-00354567 we're not
+vc3TNtgaylE-01593-00354568-00354910 uh very high in uh inductance or in
+vc3TNtgaylE-01594-00354911-00355063 capacitance we can actually see what we
+vc3TNtgaylE-01595-00355064-00355134 got
+vc3TNtgaylE-01596-00355135-00355327 uh might be hard to read but we've got a
+vc3TNtgaylE-01597-00355328-00355503 couple nano henries
+vc3TNtgaylE-01598-00355504-00355854 uh four nano henries of uh
+vc3TNtgaylE-01599-00355855-00356047 inductance here
+vc3TNtgaylE-01600-00356048-00356223 the log mag is
+vc3TNtgaylE-01601-00356224-00356478 straight across the board and the swr
+vc3TNtgaylE-01602-00356479-00356615 is
+vc3TNtgaylE-01603-00356616-00356943 basically perfect across the board
+vc3TNtgaylE-01604-00356944-00357191 now this can't handle very much
+vc3TNtgaylE-01605-00357192-00357519 in terms of power because you'll just
+vc3TNtgaylE-01606-00357520-00357663 melt these
+vc3TNtgaylE-01607-00357664-00357903 little uh quarter i think these are
+vc3TNtgaylE-01608-00357904-00358127 quarter eight watt eight watt
+vc3TNtgaylE-01609-00358128-00358358 resistors
+vc3TNtgaylE-01610-00358359-00358639 but this works very good for testing
+vc3TNtgaylE-01611-00358640-00358782 small
+vc3TNtgaylE-01612-00358783-00358982 small radios that don't put out a lot of
+vc3TNtgaylE-01613-00358983-00359199 power or if you could attenuate it
+vc3TNtgaylE-01614-00359200-00359406 even more before it gets to
+vc3TNtgaylE-01615-00359407-00359503 the
+vc3TNtgaylE-01616-00359504-00359882 dummy load that will also work
+vc3TNtgaylE-01617-00359883-00360247 okay i think that's it for
+vc3TNtgaylE-01618-00360248-00360606 uh for the vna and on the bench
+vc3TNtgaylE-01619-00360607-00360991 but let's go outside and and build a
+vc3TNtgaylE-01620-00360992-00361271 simple dipole antenna and we'll use the
+vc3TNtgaylE-01621-00361272-00361663 vna to set it up the way that we want
+vc3TNtgaylE-01622-00361664-00361806 all right so
+vc3TNtgaylE-01623-00361807-00362063 we're out in my backyard
+vc3TNtgaylE-01624-00362064-00362319 so give the contrast
+vc3TNtgaylE-01625-00362320-00362534 trying to get everything in the shade
+vc3TNtgaylE-01626-00362535-00362682 but what we're going to do
+vc3TNtgaylE-01627-00362683-00362951 is uh we're gonna look at two different
+vc3TNtgaylE-01628-00362952-00363071 antennas
+vc3TNtgaylE-01629-00363072-00363263 one is i'm gonna make an inverted v
+vc3TNtgaylE-01630-00363264-00363647 dipole out of uh this bnc binding post
+vc3TNtgaylE-01631-00363648-00363782 connector
+vc3TNtgaylE-01632-00363783-00363895 and
+vc3TNtgaylE-01633-00363896-00364247 some cheap craft 26 gauge
+vc3TNtgaylE-01634-00364248-00364463 wire
+vc3TNtgaylE-01635-00364464-00364543 and
+vc3TNtgaylE-01636-00364544-00364903 we're going to look at that versus a
+vc3TNtgaylE-01637-00364904-00365015 vertical
+vc3TNtgaylE-01638-00365016-00365278 adjustable antenna this is a commercial
+vc3TNtgaylE-01639-00365279-00365487 antenna it comes from a company called
+vc3TNtgaylE-01640-00365488-00365647 super antenna
+vc3TNtgaylE-01641-00365648-00365799 and we're going to use
+vc3TNtgaylE-01642-00365800-00365934 uh i'm going to adjust this we're going
+vc3TNtgaylE-01643-00365935-00366230 to use the vna to adjust this and we're
+vc3TNtgaylE-01644-00366231-00366327 going
+vc3TNtgaylE-01645-00366328-00366471 to 10 meters the same thing i'm going to
+vc3TNtgaylE-01646-00366472-00366647 build this
+vc3TNtgaylE-01647-00366648-00366871 this dipole with
+vc3TNtgaylE-01648-00366872-00366991 and then we're going to compare what
+vc3TNtgaylE-01649-00366992-00367134 they look like
+vc3TNtgaylE-01650-00367135-00367415 and i'll also show you the difference on
+vc3TNtgaylE-01651-00367416-00367671 a radio uh so you can see what's going
+vc3TNtgaylE-01652-00367672-00367999 on here and you see the effects
+vc3TNtgaylE-01653-00368000-00368182 all right
+vc3TNtgaylE-01654-00368183-00368487 okay so what i've got here is i've
+vc3TNtgaylE-01655-00368488-00368654 actually got
+vc3TNtgaylE-01656-00368655-00368903 this dnc binding post
+vc3TNtgaylE-01657-00368904-00369287 with the wires connected to it
+vc3TNtgaylE-01658-00369288-00369582 and i've got that connected to
+vc3TNtgaylE-01659-00369583-00369599 the
+vc3TNtgaylE-01660-00369600-00369719 [Music]
+vc3TNtgaylE-01661-00369720-00369887 vna
+vc3TNtgaylE-01662-00369888-00370047 i don't know if i can get this back on
+vc3TNtgaylE-01663-00370048-00370167 here
+vc3TNtgaylE-01664-00370168-00370375 and
+vc3TNtgaylE-01665-00370376-00370575 the
+vc3TNtgaylE-01666-00370576-00370743 one of the things you'll notice is i
+vc3TNtgaylE-01667-00370744-00370982 switched everything to bnc so i put
+vc3TNtgaylE-01668-00370983-00371134 adapters
+vc3TNtgaylE-01669-00371135-00371271 on things
+vc3TNtgaylE-01670-00371272-00371471 just because i found that b and c
+vc3TNtgaylE-01671-00371472-00371654 tends to be a lot more forgiving in the
+vc3TNtgaylE-01672-00371655-00371775 field
+vc3TNtgaylE-01673-00371776-00371919 you don't have to worry as much about
+vc3TNtgaylE-01674-00371920-00372167 breaking them and things like that
+vc3TNtgaylE-01675-00372168-00372415 so
+vc3TNtgaylE-01676-00372416-00372567 let's see if this shows up there's a lot
+vc3TNtgaylE-01677-00372568-00372830 of glare out here uh
+vc3TNtgaylE-01678-00372831-00373158 man there's so much glare
+vc3TNtgaylE-01679-00373159-00373351 okay so
+vc3TNtgaylE-01680-00373352-00373519 we've got uh
+vc3TNtgaylE-01681-00373520-00373719 i've got this way zoomed out so you can
+vc3TNtgaylE-01682-00373720-00373958 see more characteristics uh 10 meters is
+vc3TNtgaylE-01683-00373959-00374151 really not the best to show some of the
+vc3TNtgaylE-01684-00374152-00374278 characteristics of these types of
+vc3TNtgaylE-01685-00374279-00374423 antennas but
+vc3TNtgaylE-01686-00374424-00374534 generally
+vc3TNtgaylE-01687-00374535-00374775 a inverted v antenna will have a pretty
+vc3TNtgaylE-01688-00374776-00374887 broad
+vc3TNtgaylE-01689-00374888-00375158 usability band where the
+vc3TNtgaylE-01690-00375159-00375375 swr is low enough and i've zoomed way
+vc3TNtgaylE-01691-00375376-00375543 out to sort of show
+vc3TNtgaylE-01692-00375544-00375719 and if i zoom into the whole 10 meter
+vc3TNtgaylE-01693-00375720-00375830 band
+vc3TNtgaylE-01694-00375831-00376119 uh the whole 10 meter band will be
+vc3TNtgaylE-01695-00376120-00376302 under
+vc3TNtgaylE-01696-00376303-00376575 1.5 to 1
+vc3TNtgaylE-01697-00376576-00376734 at least when i was messing with this a
+vc3TNtgaylE-01698-00376735-00376878 minute ago
+vc3TNtgaylE-01699-00376879-00377143 but the antenna itself like i said is
+vc3TNtgaylE-01700-00377144-00377639 literally just wire
+vc3TNtgaylE-01701-00377640-00377902 through the bnc
+vc3TNtgaylE-01702-00377903-00378110 and
+vc3TNtgaylE-01703-00378111-00378439 all i've done is i've actually
+vc3TNtgaylE-01704-00378440-00378575 untangled myself
+vc3TNtgaylE-01705-00378576-00378910 i've actually started with the wire long
+vc3TNtgaylE-01706-00378911-00379239 and i've wrapped it up around the rock
+vc3TNtgaylE-01707-00379240-00379454 to change the
+vc3TNtgaylE-01708-00379455-00379678 to do two things one to plant it to the
+vc3TNtgaylE-01709-00379679-00379934 ground so it stays still um and two if
+vc3TNtgaylE-01710-00379935-00380230 you make a coil at the end of a wire uh
+vc3TNtgaylE-01711-00380231-00380471 it actually electrically shortens the
+vc3TNtgaylE-01712-00380472-00380623 wire
+vc3TNtgaylE-01713-00380624-00380782 and it'll appear as the end of the
+vc3TNtgaylE-01714-00380783-00380882 antenna
+vc3TNtgaylE-01715-00380883-00381158 to uh or the end of the wire to the
+vc3TNtgaylE-01716-00381159-00381382 antenna or to the network so this is
+vc3TNtgaylE-01717-00381383-00381551 actually very useful for adjusting
+vc3TNtgaylE-01718-00381552-00381767 antennas antennas in the field or when
+vc3TNtgaylE-01719-00381768-00381887 you're getting ready to cut them or
+vc3TNtgaylE-01720-00381888-00382006 whatever
+vc3TNtgaylE-01721-00382007-00382271 always start long and then roll it up on
+vc3TNtgaylE-01722-00382272-00382471 something and cut it further once you
+vc3TNtgaylE-01723-00382472-00382623 know where you want it
+vc3TNtgaylE-01724-00382624-00382791 but i've done this
+vc3TNtgaylE-01725-00382792-00382951 exact thing in the field and it works
+vc3TNtgaylE-01726-00382952-00383143 fine
+vc3TNtgaylE-01727-00383144-00383310 not on a 10 meter antenna this is a
+vc3TNtgaylE-01728-00383311-00383487 little bit low
+vc3TNtgaylE-01729-00383488-00384030 to the ground
+vc3TNtgaylE-01730-00384031-00384230 for an inverted v this is a bit low to
+vc3TNtgaylE-01731-00384231-00384487 the ground uh but this would work if
+vc3TNtgaylE-01732-00384488-00384654 you're on top of a mountain like doing a
+vc3TNtgaylE-01733-00384655-00384847 soda or something like that and what i
+vc3TNtgaylE-01734-00384848-00385119 actually have is i have a six meter pole
+vc3TNtgaylE-01735-00385120-00385263 that i put
+vc3TNtgaylE-01736-00385264-00385478 wire antennas off of out in the field
+vc3TNtgaylE-01737-00385479-00385695 it's like a fiberglass pole you just
+vc3TNtgaylE-01738-00385696-00385823 string it up you
+vc3TNtgaylE-01739-00385824-00385943 put your thing on the top of the pole
+vc3TNtgaylE-01740-00385944-00386095 and push it up
+vc3TNtgaylE-01741-00386096-00386230 and that becomes your antenna in the
+vc3TNtgaylE-01742-00386231-00386382 field
+vc3TNtgaylE-01743-00386383-00386527 so
+vc3TNtgaylE-01744-00386528-00386671 that's really all there is to it for
+vc3TNtgaylE-01745-00386672-00386999 building a dipole antenna every antenna
+vc3TNtgaylE-01746-00387000-00387191 has two pieces it always has a ground
+vc3TNtgaylE-01747-00387192-00387351 plane which
+vc3TNtgaylE-01748-00387352-00387639 comes off of the shield of the cable
+vc3TNtgaylE-01749-00387640-00387958 and an active plane which is the center
+vc3TNtgaylE-01750-00387959-00388110 pin of your
+vc3TNtgaylE-01751-00388111-00388239 uh of your
+vc3TNtgaylE-01752-00388240-00388367 uh
+vc3TNtgaylE-01753-00388368-00388558 of your coax the center pin of your
+vc3TNtgaylE-01754-00388559-00388687 antenna setup
+vc3TNtgaylE-01755-00388688-00388799 and
+vc3TNtgaylE-01756-00388800-00388991 even in a vertical like this one right
+vc3TNtgaylE-01757-00388992-00389095 here
+vc3TNtgaylE-01758-00389096-00389287 this entire
+vc3TNtgaylE-01759-00389288-00389751 upper part is the active piece and the
+vc3TNtgaylE-01760-00389752-00389839 lower
+vc3TNtgaylE-01761-00389840-00390158 triangle see if that shows up
+vc3TNtgaylE-01762-00390159-00390287 so
+vc3TNtgaylE-01763-00390288-00390433 uh the lower
+vc3TNtgaylE-01764-00390434-00390567 [Applause]
+vc3TNtgaylE-01765-00390568-00390934 tripod stand here this is actually part
+vc3TNtgaylE-01766-00390935-00391119 of the ground plane
+vc3TNtgaylE-01767-00391120-00391319 and this interacts with the actual
+vc3TNtgaylE-01768-00391320-00391671 ground and we also have some radials
+vc3TNtgaylE-01769-00391672-00391871 cut to specific lengths coming off of
+vc3TNtgaylE-01770-00391872-00392015 here and so
+vc3TNtgaylE-01771-00392016-00392239 a lot of times on a vertical antenna
+vc3TNtgaylE-01772-00392240-00392478 uh where you have your active element
+vc3TNtgaylE-01773-00392479-00392647 going vertically you'll have a whole
+vc3TNtgaylE-01774-00392648-00392878 bunch of radials on the ground
+vc3TNtgaylE-01775-00392879-00393078 to create a
+vc3TNtgaylE-01776-00393079-00393439 a better ground plane for it
+vc3TNtgaylE-01777-00393440-00393830 so let's take a quick look
+vc3TNtgaylE-01778-00393831-00394191 um this it's set up uh
+vc3TNtgaylE-01779-00394192-00394367 this stays here it's set up should be
+vc3TNtgaylE-01780-00394368-00394487 set up for
+vc3TNtgaylE-01781-00394488-00394751 10 meters
+vc3TNtgaylE-01782-00394752-00394958 so i'm going to take
+vc3TNtgaylE-01783-00394959-00395199 this off of here
+vc3TNtgaylE-01784-00395200-00395334 for a second
+vc3TNtgaylE-01785-00395335-00395510 and i'm going to
+vc3TNtgaylE-01786-00395511-00395958 put this onto this antenna
+vc3TNtgaylE-01787-00395959-00396295 so now we're measuring
+vc3TNtgaylE-01788-00396296-00396478 uh the other antenna and i didn't change
+vc3TNtgaylE-01789-00396479-00396695 i didn't change the zoom at all here
+vc3TNtgaylE-01790-00396696-00396958 let's see if that shows up
+vc3TNtgaylE-01791-00396959-00397078 so
+vc3TNtgaylE-01792-00397079-00397167 uh
+vc3TNtgaylE-01793-00397168-00397327 you can see that
+vc3TNtgaylE-01794-00397328-00397415 uh
+vc3TNtgaylE-01795-00397416-00397527 the
+vc3TNtgaylE-01796-00397528-00397695 dip is in a little bit of a different
+vc3TNtgaylE-01797-00397696-00397863 place so this antenna is electrically
+vc3TNtgaylE-01798-00397864-00398095 shorter because the dip is
+vc3TNtgaylE-01799-00398096-00398271 higher
+vc3TNtgaylE-01800-00398272-00398534 when you're measuring the antennas
+vc3TNtgaylE-01801-00398535-00398639 a dip
+vc3TNtgaylE-01802-00398640-00398839 to the left at a lower frequency means
+vc3TNtgaylE-01803-00398840-00399167 the antenna is long
+vc3TNtgaylE-01804-00399168-00399439 a dip to the right
+vc3TNtgaylE-01805-00399440-00399551 to the side
+vc3TNtgaylE-01806-00399552-00399799 means the antenna is short for your
+vc3TNtgaylE-01807-00399800-00400054 target frequency so you want your dip to
+vc3TNtgaylE-01808-00400055-00400199 be right
+vc3TNtgaylE-01809-00400200-00400406 on your on your marker uh on your
+vc3TNtgaylE-01810-00400407-00400647 frequency that you want
+vc3TNtgaylE-01811-00400648-00400887 and generally a vertical antenna
+vc3TNtgaylE-01812-00400888-00401143 has a narrower bandwidth
+vc3TNtgaylE-01813-00401144-00401302 this doesn't show as much on 10 meters
+vc3TNtgaylE-01814-00401303-00401478 because this antenna is actually a
+vc3TNtgaylE-01815-00401479-00401751 significant portion a significant size
+vc3TNtgaylE-01816-00401752-00401895 of the 10 meter band we're not actually
+vc3TNtgaylE-01817-00401896-00402151 using a lot of the loading coil so i'm
+vc3TNtgaylE-01818-00402152-00402382 going to actually take a second and set
+vc3TNtgaylE-01819-00402383-00402487 it up
+vc3TNtgaylE-01820-00402488-00402615 on a
+vc3TNtgaylE-01821-00402616-00402910 lower frequency higher wavelength so
+vc3TNtgaylE-01822-00402911-00403143 that we can see some of the
+vc3TNtgaylE-01823-00403144-00403351 some of the properties of the vertical a
+vc3TNtgaylE-01824-00403352-00403623 little bit better
+vc3TNtgaylE-01825-00403624-00403839 all right so now i've got this
+vc3TNtgaylE-01826-00403840-00404119 vertical set up for 20 meters and this
+vc3TNtgaylE-01827-00404120-00404295 has a sliding
+vc3TNtgaylE-01828-00404296-00404502 a sliding coil
+vc3TNtgaylE-01829-00404503-00404775 where the upper element touches the coil
+vc3TNtgaylE-01830-00404776-00404967 in only one place and you can slide that
+vc3TNtgaylE-01831-00404968-00405223 up and down for the connection
+vc3TNtgaylE-01832-00405224-00405463 it works pretty well
+vc3TNtgaylE-01833-00405464-00405551 but
+vc3TNtgaylE-01834-00405552-00405671 the
+vc3TNtgaylE-01835-00405672-00405815 main
+vc3TNtgaylE-01836-00405816-00406127 property of a loaded vertical like this
+vc3TNtgaylE-01837-00406128-00406343 is that it has a very narrow bandwidth
+vc3TNtgaylE-01838-00406344-00406487 like what i was saying so now i have it
+vc3TNtgaylE-01839-00406488-00406854 set for 20 meters you can see how narrow
+vc3TNtgaylE-01840-00406855-00407039 and how deep
+vc3TNtgaylE-01841-00407040-00407127 that
+vc3TNtgaylE-01842-00407128-00407295 that piece is
+vc3TNtgaylE-01843-00407296-00407463 or that section
+vc3TNtgaylE-01844-00407464-00407743 versus the 10 meter portion up here it
+vc3TNtgaylE-01845-00407744-00407927 was very wide and flat i have not
+vc3TNtgaylE-01846-00407928-00408158 changed the zoom level at all so this is
+vc3TNtgaylE-01847-00408159-00408327 the same scale that we were just looking
+vc3TNtgaylE-01848-00408328-00408519 at
+vc3TNtgaylE-01849-00408520-00408743 so but that is very common and you can
+vc3TNtgaylE-01850-00408744-00408847 see it's
+vc3TNtgaylE-01851-00408848-00409030 changing just because i'm touching the
+vc3TNtgaylE-01852-00409031-00409278 vna but if i touch the antenna you'll
+vc3TNtgaylE-01853-00409279-00409447 get similar
+vc3TNtgaylE-01854-00409448-00409743 uh similar activity on the vna so you
+vc3TNtgaylE-01855-00409743-00409870 measure this with everything sitting
+vc3TNtgaylE-01856-00409871-00410151 down and you don't touch it
+vc3TNtgaylE-01857-00410152-00410278 but you can see how narrow that
+vc3TNtgaylE-01858-00410279-00410478 bandwidth is compared to
+vc3TNtgaylE-01859-00410479-00410663 the wide
+vc3TNtgaylE-01860-00410664-00410863 bandwidth that we got from the inverted
+vc3TNtgaylE-01861-00410864-00410951 v
+vc3TNtgaylE-01862-00410952-00411143 and this is typical of a vertical except
+vc3TNtgaylE-01863-00411143-00411334 this is at 10 meters it's very close to
+vc3TNtgaylE-01864-00411335-00411574 actually being a wavelength of 10 meters
+vc3TNtgaylE-01865-00411575-00411822 without being loaded
+vc3TNtgaylE-01866-00411823-00412095 okay so now let's see let's compare what
+vc3TNtgaylE-01867-00412096-00412478 this thinks the swr is to what the radio
+vc3TNtgaylE-01868-00412479-00412670 uh to what a commercial radio thinks the
+vc3TNtgaylE-01869-00412671-00412966 swr is
+vc3TNtgaylE-01870-00412967-00413439 okay so now i've got the radio uh tuned
+vc3TNtgaylE-01871-00413439-00413599 to the
+vc3TNtgaylE-01872-00413600-00413678 uh
+vc3TNtgaylE-01873-00413679-00414014 somewhere in the 10 meter band it's not
+vc3TNtgaylE-01874-00414015-00414191 super important because we're only going
+vc3TNtgaylE-01875-00414192-00414422 to put out about
+vc3TNtgaylE-01876-00414423-00414574 less than half a watt right here and
+vc3TNtgaylE-01877-00414575-00414734 we're very low to the ground so i'm not
+vc3TNtgaylE-01878-00414735-00414870 super worried about interfering with
+vc3TNtgaylE-01879-00414871-00415134 anybody
+vc3TNtgaylE-01880-00415135-00415222 and
+vc3TNtgaylE-01881-00415223-00415551 i've got the radio in morse code in cw
+vc3TNtgaylE-01882-00415552-00415799 uh mode so i can push the button
+vc3TNtgaylE-01883-00415800-00415895 and
+vc3TNtgaylE-01884-00415896-00416078 we can and send
+vc3TNtgaylE-01885-00416079-00416191 tones
+vc3TNtgaylE-01886-00416192-00416430 and we can see what the swr is
+vc3TNtgaylE-01887-00416431-00416782 of the radio or the swr that the radio
+vc3TNtgaylE-01888-00416783-00416951 sees on the antenna right now i have it
+vc3TNtgaylE-01889-00416952-00417278 connected to the vertical antenna
+vc3TNtgaylE-01890-00417279-00417574 and it's tuned for 10 meters
+vc3TNtgaylE-01891-00417575-00417863 and so hopefully
+vc3TNtgaylE-01892-00417864-00418039 show up
+vc3TNtgaylE-01893-00418039-00418174 okay so what i'm going to do is i'm
+vc3TNtgaylE-01894-00418175-00418310 going to transmit
+vc3TNtgaylE-01895-00418312-00418407 and
+vc3TNtgaylE-01896-00418408-00418751 we can see that there's no swr so it's
+vc3TNtgaylE-01897-00418752-00419022 basically thinking that this is a
+vc3TNtgaylE-01898-00419023-00419191 perfectly
+vc3TNtgaylE-01899-00419192-00419559 good antenna this radio is pretty robust
+vc3TNtgaylE-01900-00419560-00419735 it's a field radio so it's pretty
+vc3TNtgaylE-01901-00419735-00419895 tolerant
+vc3TNtgaylE-01902-00419896-00419999 but
+vc3TNtgaylE-01903-00420000-00420239 every radio has a limit on swr
+vc3TNtgaylE-01904-00420239-00420463 that it will transmit at so now i've
+vc3TNtgaylE-01905-00420464-00420583 gone and i've
+vc3TNtgaylE-01906-00420584-00420879 just uh changed the coil position on the
+vc3TNtgaylE-01907-00420880-00420991 antenna to
+vc3TNtgaylE-01908-00420992-00421166 somewhat randomly i know it's below
+vc3TNtgaylE-01909-00421167-00421255 where
+vc3TNtgaylE-01910-00421256-00421414 the 20 meter sits so it's not on a
+vc3TNtgaylE-01911-00421415-00421535 harmonic
+vc3TNtgaylE-01912-00421535-00421727 of 10 meters
+vc3TNtgaylE-01913-00421728-00421799 so
+vc3TNtgaylE-01914-00421800-00421959 we're going to
+vc3TNtgaylE-01915-00421960-00422255 try and transmit again
+vc3TNtgaylE-01916-00422256-00422631 and now we can see the swr is over three
+vc3TNtgaylE-01917-00422632-00422918 point something to one so that's that's
+vc3TNtgaylE-01918-00422919-00423079 probably way higher than you would ever
+vc3TNtgaylE-01919-00423080-00423231 want to transmit with it's not going to
+vc3TNtgaylE-01920-00423232-00423391 break the radio the radio might actually
+vc3TNtgaylE-01921-00423392-00423735 reduce its power around that level
+vc3TNtgaylE-01922-00423735-00423910 anything higher than two to one is
+vc3TNtgaylE-01923-00423912-00424199 probably not spectacular especially for
+vc3TNtgaylE-01924-00424200-00424447 low power radios you you
+vc3TNtgaylE-01925-00424447-00424695 want to get all the power out into the
+vc3TNtgaylE-01926-00424696-00425014 into the atmosphere that you can
+vc3TNtgaylE-01927-00425015-00425110 so
+vc3TNtgaylE-01928-00425112-00425422 real quick let me
+vc3TNtgaylE-01929-00425423-00425703 i'm going to swap this over to
+vc3TNtgaylE-01930-00425704-00426055 the
+vc3TNtgaylE-01931-00426056-00426295 vertical here and if you remember the
+vc3TNtgaylE-01932-00426296-00426414 the
+vc3TNtgaylE-01933-00426415-00426643 vna showed
+vc3TNtgaylE-01934-00426643-00426975 1.5 ish to 1
+vc3TNtgaylE-01935-00426976-00427135 on
+vc3TNtgaylE-01936-00427135-00427503 the on both of these antennas
+vc3TNtgaylE-01937-00427504-00427775 but the radio actually only
+vc3TNtgaylE-01938-00427776-00428070 showed it as 1.0 to 1 or almost perfect
+vc3TNtgaylE-01939-00428071-00428183 so
+vc3TNtgaylE-01940-00428184-00428318 they're not
+vc3TNtgaylE-01941-00428319-00428687 perfectly in sync with one another
+vc3TNtgaylE-01942-00428688-00428991 and i don't necessarily know which one
+vc3TNtgaylE-01943-00428992-00429359 is better at measuring
+vc3TNtgaylE-01944-00429360-00429543 but the radio is the one that has to
+vc3TNtgaylE-01945-00429543-00429703 make the decision in the field so if you
+vc3TNtgaylE-01946-00429704-00429863 can measure it with your radio after the
+vc3TNtgaylE-01947-00429864-00429959 fact
+vc3TNtgaylE-01948-00429960-00430199 that's always good too so
+vc3TNtgaylE-01949-00430200-00430503 now we're hooked up to the inverted v
+vc3TNtgaylE-01950-00430504-00430655 and i'm going to send this should be
+vc3TNtgaylE-01951-00430656-00430807 around 10 meters
+vc3TNtgaylE-01952-00430808-00430951 so we have
+vc3TNtgaylE-01953-00430952-00431166 a little bit over let's see if that's
+vc3TNtgaylE-01954-00431167-00431447 showing up a little bit over
+vc3TNtgaylE-01955-00431447-00431718 1.0 to one so this is probably 1.2 1.3
+vc3TNtgaylE-01956-00431719-00431822 to 1
+vc3TNtgaylE-01957-00431823-00431966 which is still perfectly fine for
+vc3TNtgaylE-01958-00431967-00432222 transmitting at
+vc3TNtgaylE-01959-00432223-00432343 and
+vc3TNtgaylE-01960-00432343-00432510 we can
+vc3TNtgaylE-01961-00432512-00432683 adjust
+vc3TNtgaylE-01962-00432684-00433031 it just roll up
+vc3TNtgaylE-01963-00433032-00433247 one side here and
+vc3TNtgaylE-01964-00433247-00433455 you can see
+vc3TNtgaylE-01965-00433456-00433710 hopefully we can observe that
+vc3TNtgaylE-01966-00433712-00434007 that the swr changed
+vc3TNtgaylE-01967-00434008-00434383 uh hopefully that was enough of a change
+vc3TNtgaylE-01968-00434384-00434727 oh it's actually better now
+vc3TNtgaylE-01969-00434728-00434959 so uh it's showing up as
+vc3TNtgaylE-01970-00434960-00435087 1.0
+vc3TNtgaylE-01971-00435088-00435303 uh so let me go the other way i
+vc3TNtgaylE-01972-00435304-00435479 rolled it up i made it shorter let me
+vc3TNtgaylE-01973-00435480-00436359 make it longer
+vc3TNtgaylE-01974-00436360-00436575 all right i made it about 10 inches
+vc3TNtgaylE-01975-00436576-00436735 longer
+vc3TNtgaylE-01976-00436735-00436870 let's see
+vc3TNtgaylE-01977-00436871-00437103 so there we go so now the swr
+vc3TNtgaylE-01978-00437104-00437359 is closer to 1.5
+vc3TNtgaylE-01979-00437360-00437503 to one
+vc3TNtgaylE-01980-00437504-00437638 that looks like it's showing up
+vc3TNtgaylE-01981-00437639-00437831 [Applause]
+vc3TNtgaylE-01982-00437832-00438127 cool so that's a quick demonstration of
+vc3TNtgaylE-01983-00438128-00438222 tuning
+vc3TNtgaylE-01984-00438223-00438503 uh an antenna uh adjusting an antenna
+vc3TNtgaylE-01985-00438504-00438807 uh with the vna and then double checking
+vc3TNtgaylE-01986-00438808-00438983 it with the radio so we know that
+vc3TNtgaylE-01987-00438984-00439143 they're at least pretty close together
+vc3TNtgaylE-01988-00439143-00439366 if the vna is showing that it's in the
+vc3TNtgaylE-01989-00439367-00439455 low
+vc3TNtgaylE-01990-00439456-00439751 one point x uh swr it's probably pretty
+vc3TNtgaylE-01991-00439752-00440007 close uh to 1.0
+vc3TNtgaylE-01992-00440008-00440279 or 1.1 ish for the radio
+vc3TNtgaylE-01993-00440280-00440414 which is good that's what that's where
+vc3TNtgaylE-01994-00440415-00440575 we want it we don't want any of the
+vc3TNtgaylE-01995-00440576-00440735 waves bouncing back into the radio if we
+vc3TNtgaylE-01996-00440735-00441039 can help it
+vc3TNtgaylE-01997-00441039-00441255 all right thanks for joining me on this
+vc3TNtgaylE-01998-00441256-00441470 talk i'll be happy to answer any
+vc3TNtgaylE-01999-00441471-00441799 questions in the q a session or online
+vc3TNtgaylE-02000-00441800-00441991 you can find me on discord and all sorts
+vc3TNtgaylE-02001-00441992-00442127 of other places
+vc3TNtgaylE-02002-00442128-00442399 but we'll have links in the video
+vc3TNtgaylE-02003-00442400-00442575 description i imagine
+vc3TNtgaylE-02004-00442576-00442743 please feel free to reach out to me and
+vc3TNtgaylE-02005-00442743-00442895 i'm happy to talk
+vc3TNtgaylE-02006-00442896-00443063 about any of the the things that we've
+vc3TNtgaylE-02007-00443064-00443287 discussed in any of the tangential stuff
+vc3TNtgaylE-02008-00443288-00443487 that you may have questions on so thanks
+vc3TNtgaylE-02009-00443488-00443808 again for watching
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00000-00000024-00000316 there's this increasingly prevalent joke
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00001-00000317-00000557 or habit going around the on the rate
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00002-00000558-00000784 your music sphere genre of voting sphere
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00003-00000785-00001104 that essentially acts to performatively
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00004-00001105-00001427 establish and maintain a status quo that
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00005-00001428-00001721 I don't really enjoy being witnessed to
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00006-00001722-00001979 fourths a girl who is extremely well
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00007-00001980-00002195 read on psychedelic and alternative rock
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00008-00002196-00002518 music votes a rather bizarre combination
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00009-00002519-00002729 of genres on a song that has been
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00010-00002730-00002884 pre-established by The Wider Community
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00011-00002885-00003251 to have X genres for X reasons so it
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00012-00003252-00003527 points out how bizarre it is and instead
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00013-00003528-00003785 of trying to gleam any info from it
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00014-00003786-00003953 postulates that she is simply
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00015-00003954-00004109 exaggerating for any number of
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00016-00004110-00004372 miscellaneous reasons she tries to back
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00017-00004373-00004643 herself up to no avail for people of all
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00018-00004644-00004906 I am simply don't care enough to listen
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00019-00004907-00005236 to her or do any modicum of research
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00020-00005237-00005477 among the genres that she tends to vote
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00021-00005478-00005933 for often is post-rock a genre often
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00022-00005934-00006197 focused on Timbre and unconventional
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00023-00006198-00006406 structuring rather than the cohesion of
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00024-00006408-00006809 more mainstream genres of music
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00025-00006809-00007060 post rock is an incredibly loaded term
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00026-00007061-00007348 encompassing numerous Decades of buildup
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00027-00007350-00007606 and differing Styles within which can't
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00028-00007608-00007867 really be explained very well on RAM
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00029-00007868-00008177 considering the website is very picky
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00030-00008178-00008405 with what genres it allows to into the
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00031-00008406-00008578 database
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00032-00008579-00008831 thus in order to properly indicate such
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00033-00008832-00009010 a history all you can really do as a
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00034-00009011-00009274 voter is vote and justify in the comment
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00035-00009275-00009407 section
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00036-00009408-00009737 I don't plan to go over a historical and
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00037-00009738-00009971 Hyper fact checked biography of the term
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00038-00009972-00010337 or it's right simply because I already
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00039-00010338-00010528 spent this Preamble worrying about my
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00040-00010529-00010714 soup going cold and I would like to get
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00041-00010715-00011003 this recorded and out today preferably
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00042-00011004-00011249 but roughly a lot of what she tags can
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00043-00011250-00011501 be summatively said to be first wave
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00044-00011502-00011759 post Rock which resembles an incredibly
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00045-00011760-00012010 wide avant-garde incorporation of
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00046-00012011-00012178 structure changes atmosphere and
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00047-00012179-00012414 electronic instrumentation to an already
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00048-00012415-00012749 burgeoning culture of experimental Rock
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00049-00012750-00013108 examples include Disco Inferno early and
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00050-00013109-00013499 Pygmalion style flow dive and the
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00051-00013500-00013733 earlier crowd Rocky and works associated
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00052-00013734-00014033 with the stereolab this sort of
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00053-00014034-00014285 potpourri Style
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00054-00014286-00014555 proved influential in contemporary rock
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00055-00014556-00014794 music as a whole earning it a second
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00056-00014795-00014999 wave in a Mainstay as a term in
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00057-00015000-00015197 contemporary Rock discussion that lasts
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00058-00015197-00015305 to this day
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00059-00015306-00015593 so imagine my shock when I went to
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00060-00015594-00015755 listen to my second favorite Coldplay
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00061-00015756-00016007 album and more intently paid attention
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00062-00016008-00016171 to the structure
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00063-00016172-00016535 holy politic is post Rock I'm not
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00064-00016536-00016805 kidding politics by Coldplay which opens
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00065-00016806-00017027 what is arguably their biggest album is
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00066-00017028-00017213 a song that is heavily reminiscent of
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00067-00017214-00017465 the entire history of post rocks from
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00068-00017466-00017657 its beginning up to when the song was
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00069-00017658-00017819 released
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00070-00017820-00018125 there's no super obvious deviation from
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00071-00018126-00018317 structure but the instrumentation is
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00072-00018318-00018647 this constantly building tsunamios hit
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00073-00018648-00018850 after hits from after Strunk that does
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00074-00018851-00019127 not cease for five minutes straight
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00075-00019128-00019372 this beat does not end whatsoever it
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00076-00019373-00019613 just has this constant pulse that builds
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00077-00019614-00019889 and builds with atmosphere the guitars
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00078-00019890-00020099 may as well just beat decor for the
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00079-00020100-00020291 rhythm of the song actually has harmonic
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00080-00020292-00020549 binding agents rather than actual
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00081-00020550-00020722 devices for delivering Melodies as they
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00082-00020723-00020908 usually are the only thing keeping the
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00083-00020909-00021125 Sun from being what is basically a
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00084-00021126-00021293 condensed version of and explosions in
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00085-00021294-00021586 the sky track with a piano is Chris
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00086-00021587-00021839 Martin who manages at a sort of
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00087-00021840-00022264 melodicism but at his usual glacial Pace
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00088-00022265-00022450 effectively making him another
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00089-00022451-00022805 instrument in this bouquet of rising and
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00090-00022806-00023122 sinking texture a friend of mine put it
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00091-00023123-00023297 best when they said I have maintained
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00092-00023298-00023464 that Coldplay our strongest as a
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00093-00023465-00023603 textural band
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00094-00023604-00023813 they write pop songs in the way you
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00095-00023814-00023993 might write ambient songs it's more
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00096-00023994-00024208 about the specific flow and texture of a
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00097-00024209-00024550 specific track rather than any specific
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00098-00024551-00024719 pop structure
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00099-00024720-00024844 so what now
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00100-00024845-00025049 we've deduce that post rock as an
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00101-00025050-00025264 element in a Coldplay tracks what the
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00102-00025265-00025475 hell does that mean for me
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00103-00025476-00025690 well I think it demonstrates how post
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00104-00025691-00025943 rock is a more influential Force within
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00105-00025944-00026146 music that we give it credit for
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00106-00026147-00026339 sure we can stick to our godspeeds and
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00107-00026339-00026524 MOG wise but that's only scratching the
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00108-00026525-00026740 surface Radiohead has their pause
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00109-00026741-00027029 positively full of post-rust structuring
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00110-00027030-00027251 even if they don't always incorporate it
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00111-00027252-00027455 in a way I'm a fan of
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00112-00027456-00027683 sweet Chef constantly uses the zany
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00113-00027683-00027929 Electronica of first wave post rocks she
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00114-00027930-00028090 uses the digital structuring of
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00115-00028091-00028385 otherwise normal alternative music it's
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00116-00028386-00028577 not like to even be said about the post
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00117-00028577-00028762 Rock elements of the early 2000s indie
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00118-00028763-00028996 rock like interval and Deer Hunter it's
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00119-00028997-00029207 practically everywhere these days just
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00120-00029208-00029362 look for it
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00121-00029363-00029567 in short don't be shy to say something
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00122-00029568-00029752 has an influence if you're confident
+vcNT73zr8Qo-00123-00029754-00030097 enough you might strike gold
+vfNOCTz0_Wo-00000-00000000-00000023 [Music]
+vfNOCTz0_Wo-00001-00000024-00000766 the best thing about me
+vfNOCTz0_Wo-00002-00000767-00001071 [Music]
+vfWqv8cgWvo-00000-00000082-00000548 really not empty oh oh did you guys just
+vfWqv8cgWvo-00001-00000549-00000698 hear me singing that's kind of awkward
+vfWqv8cgWvo-00002-00000699-00000853 what do you think I don't think you're
+vfWqv8cgWvo-00003-00000855-00000991 allowed to sing that what do you know
+vfWqv8cgWvo-00004-00000992-00001124 I'm going inside I got to use the
+vfWqv8cgWvo-00005-00001125-00001759 bathroom hurry you fool we got to cover
+vfWqv8cgWvo-00006-00001760-00002012 this up Wow my beliefs would seems to be
+vfWqv8cgWvo-00007-00002013-00002192 connecting to your device around here
+vfWqv8cgWvo-00008-00002193-00002560 maybe I should go check it out oh no
+vfWqv8cgWvo-00009-00002561-00002804 if he finds my secret hideout we'll be
+vfWqv8cgWvo-00010-00002805-00002884 ruined
+vfWqv8cgWvo-00011-00002885-00003133 come on let's get out of here sir do you
+vfWqv8cgWvo-00012-00003134-00003331 think about senator Patel later
+vfWqv8cgWvo-00013-00003332-00003829 oh it's so difficult oh all right let's
+vfWqv8cgWvo-00014-00003830-00003961 see what we got here
+vfWqv8cgWvo-00015-00003962-00004517 Oh hmm the signal seems to get stronger
+vfWqv8cgWvo-00016-00004518-00004795 around here let's see if I could find
+vfWqv8cgWvo-00017-00004796-00004994 any kind of secret doors are seeking
+vfWqv8cgWvo-00018-00004995-00005183 contraption ooh
+vfWqv8cgWvo-00019-00005184-00005441 Winfred you need to close the brick wall
+vfWqv8cgWvo-00020-00005442-00005936 huh go cold eh I guess ah just leave me
+vfWqv8cgWvo-00021-00005937-00005966 alone
+vfWqv8cgWvo-00022-00005967-00006218 I've seen we get closer closer Oh
+vfWqv8cgWvo-00023-00006219-00006571 Winston do this Winston do that I'm
+vfWqv8cgWvo-00024-00006572-00006776 always under breath I just can't keep up
+vfWqv8cgWvo-00025-00006777-00007034 with this guy all right I will be the
+vfWqv8cgWvo-00026-00007034-00007453 WWE Champion maybe next time all right I
+vfWqv8cgWvo-00027-00007454-00007720 wish you'd just let me close it manually
+vfWqv8cgWvo-00028-00007720-00008131 ah stupid thing I always got to go for
+vfWqv8cgWvo-00029-00008133-00008410 the update just doesn't make any sense
+vfWqv8cgWvo-00030-00008411-00008699 hmm perhaps maybe I can actually just
+vfWqv8cgWvo-00031-00008700-00008867 look through it the old-fashioned way
+vfWqv8cgWvo-00032-00008868-00009178 ah the drawer may have some stuff
+vfWqv8cgWvo-00033-00009179-00009346 Winston it's now or never
+vfWqv8cgWvo-00034-00009347-00009856 we gotta activate the robot come on now
+vfWqv8cgWvo-00035-00009857-00010538 [Applause]
+vfWqv8cgWvo-00036-00010539-00010892 what is love master maybe it's in this
+vfWqv8cgWvo-00037-00010893-00011148 drawer it's never in the second place Oh
+vfWqv8cgWvo-00038-00011149-00011566 fine ignore me I'll find love over here
+vfWqv8cgWvo-00039-00011567-00011849 [Laughter]
+vfWqv8cgWvo-00040-00011850-00012366 here evil laughing I told you for the
+vfWqv8cgWvo-00041-00012367-00012669 last time I gotta find my lover he I
+vfWqv8cgWvo-00042-00012670-00012912 just need to find him your room is I
+vfWqv8cgWvo-00043-00012913-00013038 need to find him
+vfWqv8cgWvo-00044-00013038-00013283 oh it's not safe to go inside man what
+vfWqv8cgWvo-00045-00013284-00013434 do you mean it's not so don't you argue
+vfWqv8cgWvo-00046-00013435-00013569 with me you're supposed to be the damsel
+vfWqv8cgWvo-00047-00013569-00013686 in distress in the third act
+vfWqv8cgWvo-00048-00013687-00013955 oh no ever seen I'm in well might as
+vfWqv8cgWvo-00049-00013956-00015009 well give up after two location not see
+vfWqv8cgWvo-00050-00015010-00015075 this coming
+vfWqv8cgWvo-00051-00015076-00015591 well I just wouldn't I didn't know this
+vfWqv8cgWvo-00052-00015591-00015744 day was gonna get this exciting
+vfWqv8cgWvo-00053-00015744-00016265 I just realized bullets can't destroy me
+vfWqv8cgWvo-00054-00016266-00016796 prepare for unwanted cuddling oh geez oh
+vfWqv8cgWvo-00055-00016797-00017531 boy I love nice try I am made of metal
+vfWqv8cgWvo-00056-00017532-00017672 please don't
+vfWqv8cgWvo-00057-00017673-00017919 oh I wonder if this is gonna impression
+vfWqv8cgWvo-00058-00017920-00018206 I Wayne because that doesn't press in me
+vfWqv8cgWvo-00059-00018207-00018419 much yes
+vfWqv8cgWvo-00060-00018420-00018930 all right well I just realized the doors
+vfWqv8cgWvo-00061-00018931-00019256 opened and the robots still in the room
+vfWqv8cgWvo-00062-00019257-00019484 and people are coming in oh come on
+vfWqv8cgWvo-00063-00019485-00019725 robot it's time to get going time to
+vfWqv8cgWvo-00064-00019726-00020172 leave no no I gotta get out of here must
+vfWqv8cgWvo-00065-00020173-00020322 cover up the murder
+vfWqv8cgWvo-00066-00020323-00020575 oh don't have enough time to bury buddy
+vfWqv8cgWvo-00067-00020576-00020900 all right all right I'm coming please
+vfWqv8cgWvo-00068-00020901-00021522 don't get out of here Oh
+vfWqv8cgWvo-00069-00021523-00022095 [Applause]
+vfWqv8cgWvo-00070-00022096-00022580 aha I did hey you did what
+vfWqv8cgWvo-00071-00022581-00022972 Oh No get out of the way Harold Harold
+vfWqv8cgWvo-00072-00022973-00023313 are you alive Harold no he's dead
+vfWqv8cgWvo-00073-00023314-00024503 [Music]
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00000-00000512-00000711 hi good afternoon everyone my name is
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00001-00000712-00000935 vivian neal and i work in the digimak
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00002-00000936-00001054 for schools team
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00003-00001055-00001270 welcome to the session thanks very much
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00004-00001271-00001495 for coming along and darren bailey from
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00005-00001496-00001791 the os and training team is here and to
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00006-00001792-00002023 give us this session so dan has always
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00007-00002023-00002239 got lots of great ideas and he's really
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00008-00002240-00002415 enthusiastic so i'm looking forward to
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00009-00002416-00002631 this thanks very much viv good afternoon
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00010-00002632-00002839 ladies and gents so in the session today
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00011-00002840-00002991 we're going to quickly run through some
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00012-00002992-00003150 of the getting started activities for
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00013-00003151-00003295 digimon school so if you're new to the
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00014-00003296-00003479 service and you're looking to see some
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00015-00003479-00003670 of the fantastic things you can do we're
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00016-00003671-00003806 going to run for the getting started
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00017-00003807-00004015 activities now if you guys want to do
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00018-00004015-00004175 this you feel free to follow me as well
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00019-00004176-00004391 if you want to use the usual software
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00020-00004392-00004583 while you're doing this if not you can
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00021-00004584-00004743 just sit back and watch we are videoing
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00022-00004744-00004959 this or recording it sorry so you can
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00023-00004960-00005086 come back and look at this at another
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00024-00005087-00005335 time so i'm just going to share my
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00025-00005336-00005583 screen with you guys
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00026-00005584-00005751 and fear as you're stood on the line can
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00027-00005752-00005886 you see did you map schools on the
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00028-00005887-00006031 screen just make sure we got that bit
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00029-00006032-00006238 working i can't yeah it's looking good
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00030-00006239-00006518 awesome okay
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00031-00006519-00006775 so guys this is the digimap for schools
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00032-00006776-00006878 interface
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00033-00006879-00007055 and i said we're going to run through
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00034-00007056-00007239 the getting started activities which viv
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00035-00007240-00007414 would have sent a link to you in the
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00036-00007415-00007623 email that you received so we're just
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00037-00007623-00007791 going to go across some of the basics
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00038-00007792-00007998 that we have in the service and as we
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00039-00008000-00008119 said if you've got any questions pop
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00040-00008120-00008327 them in the chat guys so when you load
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00041-00008328-00008471 you when you come into the service the
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00042-00008472-00008623 first thing you see is an outline map of
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00043-00008624-00008719 the uk
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00044-00008720-00008831 some of the basics for you guys that
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00045-00008832-00008983 haven't used a service we have a slippy
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00046-00008984-00009135 map we can click on the map and move the
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00047-00009136-00009399 map around very simple and very easily
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00048-00009400-00009567 and we can view the different scales by
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00049-00009568-00009783 clicking on the plus and minus on the
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00050-00009784-00009951 right hand side here
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00051-00009952-00010142 and we can also double click anywhere
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00052-00010143-00010310 and it will automatically zoom you to
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00053-00010311-00010551 the next scale if you're using it on an
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00054-00010552-00010719 ipad or a tablet you can pinch on the
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00055-00010720-00010942 screen and you can zoom in on your map
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00056-00010943-00011095 if you have a roller with a mouse on you
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00057-00011096-00011359 can also zoom in using the roller on
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00058-00011360-00011478 your mouse
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00059-00011479-00011599 so we're going to work our way through
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00060-00011600-00011831 the activity so this is going to be
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00061-00011832-00011983 rapidish
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00062-00011984-00012167 any questions please shout so the first
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00063-00012168-00012263 thing we're going to look at is a
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00064-00012264-00012399 location so if you guys are following
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00065-00012400-00012623 with me pop into the
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00066-00012624-00012855 search at the top here the postcode of
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00067-00012856-00013055 your school so i'm going to come into
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00068-00013056-00013286 the os site here and i'm going to zoom
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00069-00013287-00013455 in
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00070-00013456-00013703 and using the map selector i'm going to
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00071-00013704-00013991 change this to the aerial view so when i
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00072-00013991-00014222 grab my drag my dot across obviously the
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00073-00014223-00014494 aerial view of the os hq so if you're
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00074-00014495-00014630 doing this guys do this around your
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00075-00014631-00014791 school what we're going to work out is
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00076-00014791-00014886 we're going to see if we can work out
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00077-00014887-00015143 the area of that location that you have
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00078-00015144-00015286 on your screen
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00079-00015287-00015422 so over on the left hand panel with lots
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00080-00015423-00015550 and lots of little tools here and i'm
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00081-00015551-00015679 going to come across the one that says
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00082-00015680-00015863 measurement tool
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00083-00015863-00016063 and we're going to measure by area
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00084-00016063-00016286 so i'm going to click on around the area
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00085-00016287-00016439 of the os site so i'm going to click on
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00086-00016440-00016615 the left hand corner here this is going
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00087-00016616-00016767 to be very rough so i'm going to go
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00088-00016768-00017039 around the points clicking on the points
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00089-00017040-00017375 in the locality around the os
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00090-00017376-00017503 and again you guys if you're doing this
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00091-00017504-00017663 you can be accurate or inaccurate the
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00092-00017664-00017791 choice is yours and then i'm simply
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00093-00017792-00017935 going to double click
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00094-00017936-00018063 so the first thing we do is area
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00095-00018064-00018214 measurements so we can look at things
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00096-00018215-00018447 like how big is our school footprint
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00097-00018448-00018630 uh who's got the biggest guard in our
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00098-00018631-00018830 classroom how big's the shop that we go
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00099-00018831-00019086 and shopping so nice little area linking
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00100-00019087-00019327 in aerial imagery as well so we can look
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00101-00019328-00019567 at key stage one using aerial imagery to
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00102-00019568-00019822 look at place and location
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00103-00019823-00020007 so that's how we're going to do an area
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00104-00020008-00020135 so the next one we're going to look at
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00105-00020136-00020319 is using latitude and longitude to find
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00106-00020320-00020543 a place or a point in a location
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00107-00020544-00020678 so for this one guys if you follow with
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00108-00020679-00020783 me we're going to talk we're going to
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00109-00020784-00021063 type in paris into the search engine
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00110-00021064-00021247 so we're going to go to paris obviously
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00111-00021248-00021414 in france
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00112-00021415-00021550 and we're going to find that other
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00113-00021551-00021711 places for the world
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00114-00021712-00021903 and i'm just going to come over to this
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00115-00021904-00022063 part of the mapping and zoom in because
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00116-00022064-00022255 i know it's going to bring me in over
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00117-00022256-00022471 notre dame cathedral
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00118-00022472-00022622 so we want to record the point on
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00119-00022623-00022735 location
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00120-00022736-00022935 using latin longitude for notre dame
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00121-00022936-00023103 cathedral
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00122-00023104-00023342 so over on my left hand side again using
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00123-00023343-00023542 our
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00124-00023543-00023663 tools here i'm going to come back to
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00125-00023664-00023839 drawing tools
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00126-00023840-00023999 i'm going to come over to draw and
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00127-00024000-00024263 create and the second tool down on the
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00128-00024264-00024455 second row that says grid reference so
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00129-00024456-00024558 we're in the uk we'll get a good
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00130-00024559-00024775 reference but when we're in the world
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00131-00024776-00024991 using one of these markers and i click
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00132-00024992-00025119 on that point
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00133-00025120-00025319 it will give me the latin long for that
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00134-00025320-00025567 locality
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00135-00025568-00025727 so it's a really nice one to be able to
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00136-00025727-00025943 add to your map is looking at latin long
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00137-00025944-00026174 if you want to include that on your map
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00138-00026175-00026327 but we'll look at the grid reference one
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00139-00026327-00026662 as well for the uk shortly
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00140-00026663-00026855 okay guys so again if you're following
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00141-00026856-00027014 with me i'm going to base all of my
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00142-00027016-00027255 stuff around the ordnance survey site so
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00143-00027256-00027527 i'm going to jump back to os hq
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00144-00027527-00027631 and what we're going to look at this
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00145-00027632-00027758 time we're going to use one of our
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00146-00027760-00028102 drawing tools to draw a root on a map so
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00147-00028104-00028399 we're looking at our journey to school
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00148-00028400-00028590 so if you guys are going to do this find
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00149-00028591-00028799 your home zoom your map out until you
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00150-00028800-00029023 find
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00151-00029024-00029214 your house on the map and your place
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00152-00029216-00029439 your school your place of work
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00153-00029439-00029695 i'm just going to zoom my map out
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00154-00029695-00029895 so i live over here in taunton to the
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00155-00029895-00030031 just to the west of the audit survey
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00156-00030032-00030207 building
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00157-00030208-00030390 and on our drawing tools we're going to
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00158-00030391-00030614 use our line drawing tool so we can come
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00159-00030616-00030767 across this one at the top third one in
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00160-00030768-00030967 under draw and create on the first row
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00161-00030968-00031174 we see line drawing tool so i'm going to
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00162-00031175-00031383 click on my line drawing tool
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00163-00031383-00031662 you can choose your color style
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00164-00031663-00031887 and thickness of your line so i'm going
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00165-00031888-00032118 to choose a nice
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00166-00032119-00032367 a nice garish pink color and i'll make
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00167-00032368-00032543 it fairly thick so we can see it on the
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00168-00032544-00032646 screen
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00169-00032647-00032855 and i'm going to plot as i can my
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00170-00032856-00033095 journey from home to work
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00171-00033096-00033246 so i live in this building here so i'm
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00172-00033247-00033407 going to left click on the mouse and
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00173-00033408-00033559 release the click
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00174-00033560-00033751 and now when i move my mouse around you
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00175-00033752-00033846 can see
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00176-00033847-00033983 the line come out from where i've
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00177-00033984-00034190 activated this tool if you're doing this
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00178-00034191-00034423 on a tablet or an ipad you can just poke
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00179-00034424-00034695 on the screen for us guys using a mouse
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00180-00034696-00034918 every time we now left click we can
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00181-00034919-00035087 change direction
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00182-00035088-00035390 so i can follow the road network
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00183-00035391-00035574 on my journey to
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00184-00035575-00035702 work
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00185-00035703-00035959 so i come around this bit up over here
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00186-00035960-00036095 up to the motorway junction i'm going to
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00187-00036096-00036318 sneak across the corner there
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00188-00036319-00036527 follow the junction down
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00189-00036528-00036807 to the m271
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00190-00036808-00037102 leave the m271
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00191-00037103-00037271 like so now if you want to move the map
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00192-00037272-00037471 around guys while you've got this active
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00193-00037472-00037679 it's easier to use the cursor keys on
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00194-00037680-00037807 your keyboard
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00195-00037808-00038118 you can click and hold and drag the map
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00196-00038119-00038302 but sometimes you may click
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00197-00038303-00038527 uh accidentally and add a point so just
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00198-00038528-00038687 be aware if you're using that method you
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00199-00038688-00038871 may have a point i find it's a little
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00200-00038872-00039095 bit easier to use the cursor keys on
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00201-00039096-00039223 your keyboard
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00202-00039224-00039455 so i'm going to click in follow the road
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00203-00039456-00039630 i park my car
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00204-00039631-00039751 on this point and i'm just going to
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00205-00039752-00039871 double click
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00206-00039872-00040079 and as you can see guys on my map in my
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00207-00040080-00040399 lovely garish pink color i've drawn my
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00208-00040400-00040607 route into work
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00209-00040608-00040767 so this is a nice one for people to do
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00210-00040768-00040990 looking at their routes to school so can
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00211-00040991-00041215 your pupils plot their route to school
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00212-00041216-00041383 do they have the spatial skills to
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00213-00041384-00041615 understand the point of location around
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00214-00041616-00041830 their local geography can they work out
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00215-00041831-00041967 where they travel can they follow the
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00216-00041968-00042207 road network or the path network a
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00217-00042208-00042367 really nice addition to this tool guys
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00218-00042368-00042599 we can come up to draw and create again
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00219-00042600-00042774 here on the left
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00220-00042775-00042958 the fifth tool in is a measurement tool
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00221-00042959-00043158 which was previously grayed out but it's
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00222-00043159-00043358 now gone green so we can activate it by
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00223-00043359-00043479 clicking on it
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00224-00043480-00043646 now we can choose on a measurement we
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00225-00043647-00043799 can choose either metric or period
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00226-00043800-00043967 imperial so i'm going to do both so i'm
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00227-00043968-00044127 going to click on metric
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00228-00044128-00044262 if you click on anywhere point on your
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00229-00044263-00044518 line you'll give me the metric and if i
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00230-00044519-00044687 come back to measure again this time i'm
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00231-00044688-00044887 going to click imperial so when i click
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00232-00044888-00045079 on the point again i can have both
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00233-00045080-00045255 measurements so we can look at those
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00234-00045256-00045599 routes to school and how far we travel
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00235-00045600-00045711 and when you're linking in scale
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00236-00045712-00045927 distance and measurement you've also got
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00237-00045928-00046046 a little bit of maths in there because
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00238-00046047-00046239 there's a calculation to be made so we
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00239-00046240-00046367 can do all those nice things around
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00240-00046368-00046543 routes to school where do i travel and
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00241-00046544-00046799 how far is it from point to point using
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00242-00046800-00047190 a very simple drawing tool
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00243-00047191-00047399 okay guys let's look at something around
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00244-00047400-00047639 some terminology used in the key stage
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00245-00047640-00047895 two curriculum so i'm going to zoom my
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00246-00047896-00048135 map out to the extent of the world so
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00247-00048136-00048230 underneath
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00248-00048231-00048390 the plus and minus bar here on the right
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00249-00048391-00048558 hand side there's a little button
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00250-00048559-00048758 underneath if i click on it it will zoom
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00251-00048759-00048935 the map out to the extent what i'm going
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00252-00048936-00049062 to do is just so i can delete my
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00253-00049063-00049199 measurement and stuff off i'm going to
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00254-00049200-00049351 refresh my map
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00255-00049352-00049679 using the refresh button
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00256-00049680-00049799 and this time i'm going to come back out
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00257-00049800-00049990 to the extent of the world so we've got
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00258-00049991-00050158 a world view so you've got a nice what
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00259-00050159-00050318 we call our bartholomew's view of the
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00260-00050319-00050543 world so we've got a physical view so we
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00261-00050544-00050671 can see the rockies and andes and
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00262-00050672-00050855 himalayas now what we're actually going
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00263-00050856-00051015 to do is we're going to change that
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00264-00051016-00051254 using the map selector tool to an atlas
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00265-00051255-00051366 view
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00266-00051367-00051614 so we can see the individual countries
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00267-00051615-00051879 and their outlines on our map so you can
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00268-00051879-00052094 actually use this tool as an atlas with
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00269-00052095-00052311 your pupils when you want to explore the
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00270-00052312-00052615 world looking at place and location
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00271-00052616-00052823 now over in the overlays button so the
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00272-00052824-00052975 fourth one down on the left hand side
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00273-00052976-00053119 here guys we have some really really
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00274-00053120-00053335 useful overlays so one that we're going
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00275-00053336-00053550 to add to our map which is specifically
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00276-00053551-00053766 mentioned in the key stage 2 curriculum
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00277-00053767-00053911 is we're looking at the major lines of
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00278-00053912-00054030 latitude
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00279-00054032-00054254 so we can overlay on our map the arctic
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00280-00054255-00054447 circle the antarctic circle the tropics
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00281-00054448-00054638 of cancer and equator
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00282-00054639-00054830 so we're going to look at the equator
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00283-00054832-00054942 and we're going to zoom in and we're
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00284-00054944-00055142 going to estimate how many countries we
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00285-00055144-00055326 think the equator goes through so we've
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00286-00055327-00055526 got one two three as we scroll across
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00287-00055527-00055671 our line
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00288-00055672-00056094 uh one two three four five six seven
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00289-00056095-00056375 8910 so maybe 11 to 12 countries that
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00290-00056376-00056559 the equator runs through so we can view
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00291-00056560-00056719 this on our map
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00292-00056720-00056894 so i said those specific wording that's
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00293-00056895-00057038 mentioned in the geography curriculum
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00294-00057039-00057254 for key stage 1 in key stage 2 is
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00295-00057255-00057494 looking at the tropics in the equator so
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00296-00057495-00057750 this nice overlay tool we can overlay it
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00297-00057751-00058071 on top of our world map
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00298-00058072-00058191 okay guys i'm just going to turn that
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00299-00058191-00058279 one off
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00300-00058279-00058399 and we're going to look at grid
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00301-00058400-00058566 references so we looked at the latin
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00302-00058567-00058766 long for finding a latin long
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00303-00058767-00058959 in paris so we're going to go and look
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00304-00058960-00059199 at how we can record a grid reference
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00305-00059200-00059542 using digimap for schools
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00306-00059544-00059711 we've just got someone's popped a
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00307-00059712-00059854 question in the chat if you want to
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00308-00059855-00060038 answer that one viv that'd be good so
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00309-00060039-00060215 i'm going to go off to snowden so we're
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00310-00060216-00060359 going to find ourselves up in the up in
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00311-00060360-00060942 the mountains in snowdon
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00312-00060944-00061135 so we find ourselves over at the peak of
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00313-00061136-00061623 snowden okay so i'm just gonna zoom in
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00314-00061624-00061815 and we're gonna see the visitor center
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00315-00061816-00061942 now
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00316-00061944-00062166 whatever scale of map you're using on
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00317-00062167-00062294 this service
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00318-00062295-00062454 you can view
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00319-00062455-00062679 the symbols that go with that map so key
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00320-00062679-00062879 stage 2 introducing audience survey map
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00321-00062879-00063094 symbols we can view those on our map so
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00322-00063095-00063279 we come to tourism leisure
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00323-00063279-00063511 so we can find that symbol
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00324-00063512-00063687 so visitor center should be on it
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00325-00063688-00063966 somewhere so we've got viewpoint
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00326-00063967-00064263 let's just come out one
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00327-00064264-00064423 and then we can see tourist information
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00328-00064424-00064606 so we can see the visitor center at that
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00329-00064607-00064806 scale of map okay
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00330-00064807-00065030 so we can see that nice and easy so what
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00331-00065032-00065103 we're going to do is we're going to
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00332-00065104-00065326 record the grid reference
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00333-00065327-00065494 for the view for the visitor center here
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00334-00065495-00065703 so that v as we can see on the on our
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00335-00065704-00065959 symbol sheet is the visitor center
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00336-00065960-00066167 so we actually have
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00337-00066168-00066367 two three different ways that we can
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00338-00066368-00066591 record the grid reference
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00339-00066592-00066759 so as i work fraudulent survey we're
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00340-00066760-00066926 going to do this what we call the proper
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00341-00066927-00067087 way first okay
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00342-00067088-00067279 so on our overlays on the left-hand
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00343-00067280-00067519 panel we're going to turn on
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00344-00067520-00067711 the british national grid
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00345-00067712-00067894 so this is where we get these points and
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00346-00067895-00068111 coordinates from when we're doing our
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00347-00068112-00068271 grid reference skills
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00348-00068272-00068559 so i'm going to zoom in on my map
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00349-00068560-00068767 and i'm just going to wait for the grid
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00350-00068768-00068950 reference to change so i can see the six
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00351-00068951-00069103 figures for it
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00352-00069104-00069606 this may take a few seconds guys
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00353-00069607-00069823 so it's gone one too far
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00354-00069824-00070231 so let's just zoom that back out
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00355-00070232-00070399 here we go so we've got my six figure
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00356-00070400-00070638 grid overlaid on top of my map
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00357-00070639-00070855 so doing our grid reference skills we
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00358-00070856-00071015 can go along the corridor and up the
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00359-00071016-00071335 stairs to find our points on a map so
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00360-00071336-00071503 the visitor center
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00361-00071504-00071767 is in 6 10
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00362-00071768-00072079 54 or 54 in those grid squares now if we
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00363-00072080-00072206 want to do a six figure reference you
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00364-00072207-00072391 can see we can highlight that as well
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00365-00072392-00072679 and more importantly guys we can see sh
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00366-00072680-00072823 now when you do grid references in this
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00367-00072824-00073031 country you need to know which 100
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00368-00073032-00073231 kilometer grid square you're in and with
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00369-00073232-00073494 this overlay on top we can see that we
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00370-00073495-00073703 are in the grid square sh so whenever in
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00371-00073704-00073959 this location we need to prefix that
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00372-00073960-00074206 four or six figure references with that
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00373-00074207-00074462 particular two letter prefix now there
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00374-00074463-00074606 is another way we can do this so i'm
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00375-00074607-00074719 going to turn off the british national
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00376-00074720-00074831 grid
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00377-00074832-00074959 we can come down to the little
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00378-00074960-00075150 information button here
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00379-00075151-00075279 and click the little button that says
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00380-00075280-00075438 capture coordinate
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00381-00075439-00075582 so this time when i click on the visit
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00382-00075583-00075694 center
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00383-00075695-00075879 i can get all that detail in so i've got
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00384-00075880-00076126 the grid reference i've also recorded
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00385-00076127-00076350 the latin long for this locality and i
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00386-00076351-00076567 also get the information about when the
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00387-00076568-00076782 when the map data was published so let's
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00388-00076783-00076935 turn that one off so we can get it that
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00389-00076936-00077087 way we can do it the proper way going
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00390-00077088-00077335 along the corridor and upstairs
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00391-00077336-00077543 or we can come back to our drawing tools
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00392-00077544-00077782 now the grid reference tool that we used
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00393-00077783-00077950 if you follow guys was when we put on
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00394-00077951-00078150 paris for our latin long this time when
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00395-00078151-00078462 we use the grid reference within the uk
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00396-00078463-00078615 we will get the grid reference for that
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00397-00078616-00078750 location
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00398-00078751-00078950 so you will see here at this scale we
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00399-00078951-00079206 will get a six figure reference
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00400-00079207-00079343 so there's a nice way to better find
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00401-00079344-00079543 those grid references
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00402-00079544-00079711 so we can find we can say what is the
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00403-00079712-00079879 grid reference for a location or a point
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00404-00079880-00080047 and you can just click on the map to
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00405-00080048-00080287 find that okay so nice and easy now the
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00406-00080288-00080431 only thing to be wary of with this tool
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00407-00080432-00080631 guys the more accurate the grid
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00408-00080632-00080831 reference the more accurate sorry the
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00409-00080832-00080991 mic at the map the more accurate the
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00410-00080992-00081167 grid reference so if you're zoomed into
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00411-00081168-00081359 a large scale map you will see a 10
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00412-00081360-00081591 figure reference so find the appropriate
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00413-00081592-00081815 scale for four and six figures
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00414-00081816-00081950 so a couple of ways there to do grid
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00415-00081951-00082118 references guys
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00416-00082119-00082287 which is quite nice
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00417-00082288-00082487 so i'm just going to delete my grid
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00418-00082488-00082623 reference marker off so i come over to
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00419-00082624-00082815 delete here delete by click and remove
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00420-00082816-00082991 that off my map
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00421-00082992-00083167 so we're going to zoom out to the extent
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00422-00083168-00083399 of the world again
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00423-00083400-00083606 so we're going to show the world in its
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00424-00083607-00083823 locality and what we're going to look at
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00425-00083824-00084023 is we're going to look at how many time
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00426-00084024-00084255 zones are there in russia
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00427-00084256-00084447 so again time zones are specifically
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00428-00084448-00084679 mentioned in the key stage 2 curriculum
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00429-00084680-00084862 coming to my overlays on the left-hand
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00430-00084863-00085126 panel i'm going to click on that one
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00431-00085127-00085343 and this time i'm going to click on
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00432-00085344-00085518 world time zones
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00433-00085519-00085823 and this will overlay on top of my map
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00434-00085824-00086038 the time zones for the world
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00435-00086039-00086182 so i said mention the key stage 2
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00436-00086183-00086350 curriculum you can link in some nice
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00437-00086351-00086550 maps in there as well
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00438-00086551-00086703 okay so you've got a nice way to better
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00439-00086704-00086862 do that link in different times of
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00440-00086863-00087038 different places look at the distances
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00441-00087039-00087223 between two points as well
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00442-00087224-00087455 on our map so on my time zone all i'm
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00443-00087456-00087623 going to do is i'm using the drop down
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00444-00087624-00087759 link here i'm going to go to the
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00445-00087760-00088079 transparency layer and fade it back so i
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00446-00088080-00088238 can see
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00447-00088239-00088615 russia named and the extent of the
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00448-00088616-00088806 different time zones so we can counter
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00449-00088807-00088935 so we see we've got a plus three plus
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00450-00088936-00089118 four plus five
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00451-00089119-00089287 plus seven plus eight so we can see it
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00452-00089288-00089438 goes from plus three
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00453-00089439-00089638 all the way to plus twelve
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00454-00089639-00089831 so if you're looking at somewhere vast
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00455-00089832-00090038 like russia you can see the different
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00456-00090039-00090311 time zones as we move across the country
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00457-00090312-00090471 so you can do you can do nice little
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00458-00090472-00090679 time zone quizzes so finding out you
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00459-00090680-00090815 know if it's uh
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00460-00090816-00091047 midday in london what time is it in
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00461-00091048-00091206 sydney so we can see there's a 10 hour
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00462-00091207-00091375 time difference so you can do nice
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00463-00091376-00091631 little uh find places and locations and
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00464-00091632-00091862 using the time zones to look at those
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00465-00091863-00092087 points as well so linking in your time
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00466-00092088-00092182 zones
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00467-00092183-00092511 input with this particular tool
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00468-00092512-00092711 so guys what we're going to look at next
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00469-00092712-00092831 is we're going to use some of the
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00470-00092832-00092967 historical mapping we have in the
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00471-00092968-00093103 service now there are two historical
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00472-00093104-00093231 layers in here
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00473-00093232-00093423 so we can use some nice comparison
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00474-00093424-00093615 looking at things like change over time
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00475-00093616-00093759 and a location
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00476-00093760-00093974 so we're going to use a classic piece of
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00477-00093975-00094143 change over time guys i'm going to go
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00478-00094144-00094487 and find milton keynes on my map
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00479-00094488-00094806 zoom my milton kings
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00480-00094807-00094943 so what i'm going to do is in the map
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00481-00094944-00095111 selector box
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00482-00095112-00095318 is i'm going to grab my little green dot
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00483-00095319-00095550 at the top here and drag it all the way
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00484-00095551-00095711 to the left
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00485-00095712-00095871 so what it will actually do is it will
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00486-00095872-00096247 fade in the map from the 1890s
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00487-00096248-00096471 so we can see what a particular place
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00488-00096472-00096682 looked like in great britain in the
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00489-00096683-00096950 1890s and as i grab my little dot at the
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00490-00096951-00097143 top here we can fade the two maps
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00491-00097144-00097462 together so we can see
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00492-00097463-00097606 milton keynes all those wonderful
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00493-00097607-00097823 roundabouts as we fade the current map
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00494-00097824-00098079 in and compare it to the historical map
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00495-00098080-00098271 and we could also look in the 1950s and
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00496-00098272-00098423 look at those changes across those two
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00497-00098424-00098774 periods but let's focus on the 1890s
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00498-00098775-00098903 so what we're going to do with us with
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00499-00098904-00099071 this map to see how what difference
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00500-00099072-00099262 milton keynes makes in this location
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00501-00099263-00099479 we're going to zoom our map out
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00502-00099480-00099662 until we can see the gray extent here
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00503-00099663-00099806 that we're going to use to look at that
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00504-00099807-00100087 kind of change in a location
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00505-00100088-00100255 so using a drawing tool up here on the
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00506-00100256-00100399 left hand panel
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00507-00100400-00100559 we're going to come to the tool which is
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00508-00100560-00100750 the shape drawing tool
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00509-00100751-00100871 and we're actually going to draw a
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00510-00100872-00101031 polygon on our map okay so we're going
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00511-00101032-00101215 to highlight this specific area around
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00512-00101216-00101455 milton keynes so we can choose the color
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00513-00101456-00101662 we want our line to be
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00514-00101663-00101823 so i'm going to go with the garish pink
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00515-00101824-00101974 again so we can see this nice on the
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00516-00101975-00102062 screen
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00517-00102063-00102182 and all i'm going to do is i'm going to
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00518-00102183-00102359 click around the gray areas i'm going to
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00519-00102360-00102623 click and release the click and as this
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00520-00102624-00102799 time as i start to
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00521-00102800-00103039 move around this gray location
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00522-00103040-00103327 we will see it will start to fill
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00523-00103328-00103518 that area with color so i'm going to do
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00524-00103519-00103918 this fairly roughly on the screen
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00525-00103919-00104206 going around the little grey location
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00526-00104207-00104478 trying to show you the extent
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00527-00104479-00105119 of milton keynes let's come down here
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00528-00105120-00105351 and we're going to come up here
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00529-00105352-00105510 and then we'll finally just double click
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00530-00105511-00105590 here
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00531-00105591-00105878 so very roughly we've done an outline of
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00532-00105879-00106095 milton keynes on a current map
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00533-00106096-00106223 so what we're going to do next is now
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00534-00106224-00106390 we're going to fade in our historical
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00535-00106391-00106495 map
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00536-00106496-00106790 so we can see the extent
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00537-00106791-00106966 of how milton keynes has developed over
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00538-00106967-00107166 that particular time so looking at this
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00539-00107167-00107351 particular area for a location so this
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00540-00107352-00107534 is a really nice one to do with your
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00541-00107535-00107743 pupils because you can look at your own
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00542-00107744-00107886 locality
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00543-00107888-00108063 and look at those things like change
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00544-00108064-00108286 over time and comparing it across those
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00545-00108288-00108519 historical periods how your places
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00546-00108520-00108895 change from the 1890s and 1950s to today
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00547-00108896-00109063 and seeing how those new towns and
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00548-00109064-00109239 milton keynes being one of them looking
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00549-00109240-00109454 at how it's changing that locality will
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00550-00109455-00109678 fade back in the current map so a nice
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00551-00109679-00109839 way better link in your historical
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00552-00109840-00110095 mapping
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00553-00110096-00110207 so what we're going to do now guys we're
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00554-00110208-00110375 going to look at using something called
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00555-00110376-00110599 a buffer tool now buffer tool if any of
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00556-00110600-00110783 you guys have used any kind of gis
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00557-00110783-00110895 software
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00558-00110896-00111183 will help us draw predetermined look um
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00559-00111183-00111471 areas on a map using a very simple tool
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00560-00111472-00111654 so we're going to go into perth in
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00561-00111655-00111854 scotland to look at this so we're going
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00562-00111855-00111983 to come up to perth i'm going to go to
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00563-00111983-00112083 perth and
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00564-00112083-00112334 kinross and we will see the extent of
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00565-00112335-00112639 perth here guys and we will also
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00566-00112640-00112847 see the river tay as it runs through the
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00567-00112848-00113007 center of perth
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00568-00113008-00113207 so we're going to use a buffer to as i
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00569-00113208-00113431 said to look at what we think might
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00570-00113432-00113551 happen
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00571-00113552-00113766 if there was a big flood or an impact of
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00572-00113767-00114054 a flood of a locality
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00573-00114055-00114295 so over my tools on the left-hand panel
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00574-00114296-00114399 here we're going to come to our drawing
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00575-00114400-00114534 tools again
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00576-00114535-00114663 this time i'm going to click on the
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00577-00114664-00114839 third tool along and the second row
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00578-00114840-00115119 which is our buffer tool
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00579-00115120-00115454 and we're going to draw a line with a
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00580-00115455-00115599 buffer so that's what we're going to use
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00581-00115600-00115686 because we're going to draw a line and
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00582-00115688-00115823 draw a buffer around it and our buffer
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00583-00115824-00115943 is going to be
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00584-00115944-00116119 half a kilometer
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00585-00116120-00116254 so we're going to say to the software
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00586-00116255-00116510 can you draw me this line half a
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00587-00116511-00116710 kilometer either side of the center
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00588-00116711-00116815 point
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00589-00116816-00116951 so what we're going to do using this
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00590-00116952-00117127 tool guys i'm just going to click along
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00591-00117128-00117358 the river
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00592-00117359-00117758 as it comes down through perth
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00593-00117759-00117934 again i'm going to do this not super
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00594-00117935-00118054 accurately
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00595-00118055-00118183 but you guys will do it really
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00596-00118183-00118286 accurately
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00597-00118288-00118399 and i'm going to follow the rivertain
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00598-00118400-00118566 until it comes out to about here and
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00599-00118567-00118790 then i'm going to double click
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00600-00118791-00119078 so we can say
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00601-00119079-00119310 with a rough idea what would happen
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00602-00119311-00119519 if there was 500 meters of flood in this
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00603-00119520-00119790 location how would that impact
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00604-00119791-00119983 on perth and its locality so all with
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00605-00119983-00120190 all these places
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00606-00120191-00120390 be flooded in the location
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00607-00120391-00120607 now this only gives you a rough idea
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00608-00120608-00120814 okay the software does not have the
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00609-00120815-00121023 complication to take into height into
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00610-00121024-00121223 account height and contour levels but it
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00611-00121224-00121478 gives us a nice visual of what we think
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00612-00121479-00121695 may happen in this location
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00613-00121696-00121847 so another way you can use this is look
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00614-00121848-00122039 at things like environmental noise so
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00615-00122040-00122151 how far
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00616-00122152-00122334 if that train runs past our school we
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00617-00122335-00122558 think the sound travels for half a mile
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00618-00122559-00122743 what does that look like on a map how
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00619-00122744-00122863 many people
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00620-00122864-00123110 would be hearing that noise
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00621-00123111-00123271 so a nice way to better link in this
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00622-00123272-00123702 buffer stuff when we're using a map
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00623-00123703-00123847 now the final thing we're going to or a
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00624-00123848-00123958 couple of things we've got left to look
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00625-00123959-00124078 at the next one we're going to look at
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00626-00124079-00124319 is image search so you can do this for
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00627-00124320-00124527 anywhere in the country guys so again
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00628-00124528-00124847 i'm going to come back to the os hq
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00629-00124848-00124990 find myself on top of the ordnance
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00630-00124991-00125239 survey building
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00631-00125240-00125527 uh there's two ways to act to use images
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00632-00125528-00125710 within this service now images i feel
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00633-00125711-00125910 are one of the most important tools we
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00634-00125911-00126143 can link to a map for understanding both
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00635-00126144-00126366 maps and place and location
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00636-00126367-00126527 so one first one we're going to look at
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00637-00126528-00126814 is using a kind of crowd-sourced
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00638-00126815-00126990 website to show this so down on the
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00639-00126991-00127095 panel on the left we're going to come
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00640-00127096-00127302 down to the seventh tool down
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00641-00127303-00127519 where it says image search and i'm going
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00642-00127520-00127727 to click on that one
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00643-00127728-00127958 and i get this option to search geograph
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00644-00127959-00128158 images i'm just going to pop an asterisk
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00645-00128159-00128334 in there so shift an 8 on my
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00646-00128335-00128431 keyboard
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00647-00128432-00128686 now geograph is a crowdsourced image
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00648-00128688-00128934 library whereby three guys wanting to
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00649-00128935-00129143 create an image library based on all of
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00650-00129144-00129366 the survey grid square and if you're the
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00651-00129367-00129495 first one to put an image up for that
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00652-00129496-00129695 grid square you owned it and we started
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00653-00129696-00129943 sponsoring them about 15 years ago 100
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00654-00129944-00130214 000 images now they've got almost 7
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00655-00130215-00130431 million images of the uk and you can
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00656-00130432-00130583 explore those
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00657-00130583-00130783 on using digimap for schools the little
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00658-00130783-00130983 asterisk here just says can you show me
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00659-00130983-00131207 all the images on this piece of mapping
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00660-00131208-00131390 on the screen
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00661-00131391-00131519 so i'm going to zoom in because when i
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00662-00131520-00131671 get one of these color dots this tells
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00663-00131672-00131871 me how many images are at my place or
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00664-00131872-00132071 location
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00665-00132072-00132207 and this is going to go really slowly
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00666-00132208-00132375 okay so we're going to zoom in and those
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00667-00132376-00132543 will start to break up until we see
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00668-00132544-00132799 these individual little cameras
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00669-00132800-00132919 so i'm going to click on one of those
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00670-00132920-00133063 cameras
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00671-00133064-00133271 and it will show me a thumbnail of the
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00672-00133272-00133414 image that has been collected at this
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00673-00133415-00133502 point
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00674-00133503-00133678 so i can click on the image
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00675-00133679-00133863 and then i get to see the image in its
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00676-00133864-00134031 full view
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00677-00134032-00134199 and for a lot of the images you also get
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00678-00134200-00134414 some metadata to give you an explanation
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00679-00134415-00134623 of what's on there so we can see this is
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00680-00134624-00134751 audience over hq we've got a couple of
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00681-00134752-00135111 cars who was taken by and when so we can
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00682-00135112-00135263 use this little bit of metadata to look
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00683-00135264-00135439 at this place and location i said
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00684-00135440-00135607 there's almost 7 million images of the
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00685-00135608-00135863 uk and you can view them all on your map
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00686-00135864-00136087 so it's a great way to look at places in
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00687-00136088-00136263 your own locality
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00688-00136264-00136447 or if you're doing some nice geography
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00689-00136448-00136663 about comparing an herbal urban and a
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00690-00136664-00136902 rural place you can view them on the map
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00691-00136903-00137199 and also view them on
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00692-00137200-00137399 the images to give your pupils that
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00693-00137400-00137783 perception of place
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00694-00137784-00138054 okay so how we can add our own images so
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00695-00138055-00138263 i can come up to the drawing tools here
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00696-00138264-00138390 and there's a little tool that says
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00697-00138391-00138575 image so you can actually collect your
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00698-00138576-00138807 own images and place them on your map
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00699-00138808-00138999 you can click on that tool choose one of
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00700-00139000-00139175 your little image markers
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00701-00139176-00139383 click on the screen i'm going to hit
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00702-00139384-00139478 browse
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00703-00139479-00139607 because hopefully i'm going to link a
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00704-00139608-00139799 picture of the ornate survey hq to the
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00705-00139800-00140031 map
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00706-00140032-00140175 nikki just put other images for other
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00707-00140176-00140295 locations going together there's not
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00708-00140296-00140535 nikki okay geography just covers as
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00709-00140536-00140727 vivid just put the uk and northern
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00710-00140728-00140927 ireland so i'm going to find my image of
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00711-00140928-00141199 the os web os um
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00712-00141200-00141383 building on my on my laptop on my
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00713-00141384-00141623 computer
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00714-00141624-00141743 a few seconds later it's going to give
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00715-00141744-00141966 me an option to upload and it will link
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00716-00141967-00142287 my picture to the map so you guys can be
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00717-00142288-00142447 collecting images with your pupils and
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00718-00142448-00142759 linking them to the places and locations
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00719-00142760-00142951 in and around your school so a really
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00720-00142952-00143135 nice way to better link mapping together
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00721-00143136-00143335 is to collect images of key places key
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00722-00143336-00143575 buildings and places your pupils like in
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00723-00143576-00143775 their locality so we can very quickly
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00724-00143776-00143990 and easily do that
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00725-00143991-00144111 now the final thing we're going to do
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00726-00144112-00144247 guys is we're going to add some
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00727-00144248-00144478 information so we're going to do a
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00728-00144479-00144678 little bit of field work and we're going
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00729-00144679-00144935 to link it into a locality
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00730-00144936-00145390 looking at things like sound levels
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00731-00145391-00145575 so what we're going to do
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00732-00145576-00145743 is i'm going to show you hopefully on
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00733-00145744-00145926 the screen i've got to stop sharing and
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00734-00145927-00146159 then re-share with you in a second okay
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00735-00146160-00146383 if i can get this to work properly is to
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00736-00146384-00146631 share this spreadsheet with you so the
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00737-00146632-00146871 spreadsheet here we can collect our own
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00738-00146872-00146999 data
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00739-00147000-00147190 so what i've done with using a couple of
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00740-00147191-00147431 tools which i will pop in the chat box
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00741-00147432-00147599 is using two
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00742-00147600-00147966 um iphone tools one is called uh grid
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00743-00147967-00148207 point gb
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00744-00148208-00148463 in the chat okay and the other one is
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00745-00148464-00148711 called decibel x
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00746-00148712-00148966 these are two data data collection apps
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00747-00148967-00149190 that you can use with your pupils and
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00748-00149191-00149326 they can be used on an iphone or an
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00749-00149327-00149454 android phone
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00750-00149455-00149590 and what we're going to do is we're
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00751-00149591-00149871 going to collect using grid point gb
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00752-00149872-00150031 the grid reference to the point where we
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00753-00150032-00150151 stood
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00754-00150152-00150359 and my label is going to be the sound
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00755-00150360-00150671 levels at a particular location so in my
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00756-00150672-00150823 spreadsheet i'm just going to create a
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00757-00150824-00151078 little it's what they call a csv file
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00758-00151079-00151207 with a head and a grid reference and
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00759-00151208-00151343 label i'm going to record the grid
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00760-00151344-00151559 reference and the decibel levels at
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00761-00151560-00151871 those particular points
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00762-00151872-00151990 so
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00763-00151991-00152287 let's see if we can now share the screen
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00764-00152288-00152751 and get digimap schools back
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00765-00152752-00152911 so i'm going to go back so what we're
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00766-00152912-00153071 going to do is we're going to import
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00767-00153072-00153278 that spreadsheet okay
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00768-00153279-00153454 now i'm going to cheat slightly we're
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00769-00153455-00153663 going to go to add your own data and you
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00770-00153664-00153951 would browse and find that file so that
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00771-00153952-00154159 we can link that file to our map
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00772-00154160-00154335 but i've done this before so we're going
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00773-00154336-00154511 to see if we can find
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00774-00154512-00154695 our sound levels map and show you what
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00775-00154696-00154871 that looks like when we geo reference
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00776-00154872-00155183 our points
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00777-00155184-00155326 so
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00778-00155327-00155599 this is those points on that spreadsheet
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00779-00155600-00155775 so we've recorded as we said the grid
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00780-00155776-00155935 reference of those locations where we
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00781-00155936-00156190 stopped and the sound levels for those
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00782-00156191-00156423 particular points we've put them into
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00783-00156424-00156654 that csv that spreadsheet
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00784-00156655-00156911 and we can import it using the agile
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00785-00156912-00157135 data tool and what the software will do
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00786-00157136-00157375 is it will automatically geo-reference
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00787-00157376-00157631 those points on a map so we can see
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00788-00157632-00157743 where they are
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00789-00157744-00157823 so
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00790-00157824-00157990 a nice one to do is decibel level so you
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00791-00157991-00158126 could do this as a class exercise
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00792-00158127-00158311 everyone goes home records the sound
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00793-00158312-00158463 level for their house
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00794-00158464-00158663 so you can say who's got the noises
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00795-00158664-00158854 how's our location or you could use the
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00796-00158855-00159095 school grounds to do this or it could be
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00797-00159096-00159295 things around temperature it could be
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00798-00159296-00159566 wind speeds etc anywhere you can record
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00799-00159567-00159759 those things and geo-reference them on
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00800-00159760-00159966 your map so a nice way to be able to
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00801-00159967-00160302 link that kind of stuff into your map
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00802-00160303-00160447 and the final thing guys just to look at
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00803-00160448-00160639 saving and printing so you get the
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00804-00160640-00160790 option to save so on the left-hand panel
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00805-00160791-00160975 here there's a little filing cabinet and
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00806-00160976-00161223 we can save maps and save them into your
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00807-00161224-00161447 username and password if you keep your
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00808-00161448-00161623 unlock and the four number pin you get
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00809-00161624-00161839 with your sign up means you can then
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00810-00161840-00162039 create folders and subfolders like i've
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00811-00162040-00162271 got here much like a windows kind of way
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00812-00162272-00162495 to do it and get your pupils to save in
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00813-00162496-00162678 there and they're also a print button at
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00814-00162679-00162847 the top so i can hit the print button
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00815-00162848-00162983 and i can print whatever i've got on the
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00816-00162984-00163095 screen it's going to be the current map
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00817-00163096-00163343 historical map etc etc and what it will
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00818-00163344-00163590 do is it'll produce a pdf or jpeg and we
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00819-00163591-00163831 can save that onto the hard drive
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00820-00163832-00163990 of our machine or onto your network at
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00821-00163991-00164247 school and come back and use those maps
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00822-00164248-00164407 multiple times
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00823-00164408-00164607 so guys this was a very very brief
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00824-00164608-00164823 introduction about introducing digimap
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00825-00164824-00164990 for schools
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00826-00164991-00165159 so i should walk you through the link
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00827-00165160-00165231 that
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00828-00165232-00165326 fifth would have sent you about the
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00829-00165327-00165583 getting started activities so you can
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00830-00165584-00165719 find those and work your way through
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00831-00165720-00165887 those there's lots of ways you can link
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00832-00165888-00166190 this in to your uh geography at keystage
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00833-00166191-00166375 one of these two key stage two i'm just
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00834-00166376-00166511 gonna go out to the login page where
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00835-00166512-00166647 originally come in guys if you're
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00836-00166648-00166823 looking for ideas you can come to the
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00837-00166824-00167023 help and resource center here click on
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00838-00167024-00167214 the learning resources and there's a
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00839-00167215-00167471 whole host here of primary ideas linked
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00840-00167472-00167631 to the key stage 1 key stage 2
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00841-00167632-00167871 curriculum on some ideas how to link
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00842-00167872-00168111 this into your geography curriculum for
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00843-00168112-00168311 your school so have a look through these
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00844-00168312-00168566 guys is some fantastic ideas of using
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00845-00168567-00168766 digimap for schools
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00846-00168767-00168951 so we're gonna i'm gonna stop there guys
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00847-00168952-00169038 okay
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00848-00169039-00169183 uh we're gonna open this up to questions
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00849-00169184-00169351 so if anybody's got any questions
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00850-00169352-00169495 please feel free to shout them out or
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00851-00169496-00169743 pop them in the chat
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00852-00169744-00169951 we will be running more webinars over
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00853-00169952-00170111 the next couple of months so keep your
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00854-00170112-00170335 eye out on those webinars
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00855-00170336-00170511 you can also go to our twitter link to
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00856-00170512-00170638 the digimap schools twitter link and
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00857-00170639-00170878 find out some ideas on how pupils are
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00858-00170879-00171063 using it there as our teachers are using
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00859-00171064-00171278 it there with their pupils
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00860-00171279-00171423 so guys if you've got any questions pop
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00861-00171424-00171623 them in the chat
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00862-00171624-00171766 feel free to ask anything we're more
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00863-00171767-00172054 than happy to answer them
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00864-00172055-00172287 thanks dad that was excellent
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00865-00172288-00172487 lots of good ideas there
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00866-00172488-00172726 and i was just going to point out um
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00867-00172727-00173007 that next week um our
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00868-00173008-00173183 communications team will let you guys
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00869-00173184-00173366 know that there's some um new features
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00870-00173367-00173575 coming into dutch map for skills in the
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00871-00173576-00173775 overlays panel which darden used to add
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00872-00173776-00173990 in the british national grid and the um
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00873-00173991-00174190 the time zones overlays there's going to
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00874-00174191-00174399 be some really nice overlays coming in
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00875-00174400-00174623 there soon uh things like volcanoes
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00876-00174624-00174783 tectonic plates
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00877-00174784-00175126 um global climate information and so on
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00878-00175127-00175326 and i will send the recording out
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00879-00175327-00175519 probably on monday next week to everyone
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00880-00175520-00175799 who's registered for the webinar
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00881-00175800-00175911 i'm looking forward to seeing the
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00882-00175912-00176231 volcanoes viv yeah yeah no it's it's
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00883-00176232-00176407 really exciting we're really pleased and
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00884-00176408-00176559 we do have a nice suite of learning
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00885-00176560-00176663 resources
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00886-00176664-00176943 on um global locational knowledge and
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00887-00176944-00177126 one of our contacts at the geographical
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00888-00177127-00177319 association wrote those last year so
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00889-00177320-00177438 i'll send those out as well because i
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00890-00177439-00177607 think some of those resources could work
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00891-00177608-00177943 really nicely with the new release
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00892-00177944-00178287 um i'll also say guys we do offer school
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00893-00178288-00178502 training sessions so if you're
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00894-00178503-00178671 interested in having a training session
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00895-00178672-00178831 for all your school members if you're a
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00896-00178832-00178959 primary school
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00897-00178960-00179143 we do offer training sessions my email
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00898-00179144-00179311 address is there in the chat if
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00899-00179312-00179471 anybody's interested please drop me a
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00900-00179472-00179719 line and we can talk about how we can um
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00901-00179720-00179887 how you guys can host a session for all
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00902-00179888-00180278 your teachers if you're at primary level
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00903-00180279-00180423 that's brilliant dan
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00904-00180424-00180702 a really nice offer um so i don't see
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00905-00180703-00180871 any questions coming in so i think we
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00906-00180872-00181071 can just end the session now if people
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00907-00181072-00181326 do think of anything later feel free to
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00908-00181327-00181478 send me an email and you'll have my
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00909-00181479-00181623 email address and you've got darns as
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00910-00181624-00181863 well and we can follow those up and but
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00911-00181864-00182095 you will receive um the transcript and
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00912-00182096-00182407 recording on monday of next week
+vfaIdmAIrXg-00913-00182408-00182820 and thanks very much for coming along
+vh3C3-30w0y-00000-00000104-00000350 here's we have question verify the
+vh3C3-30w0y-00001-00000351-00000757 identity left side one plus sine square
+vh3C3-30w0y-00002-00000758-00001082 X divided by cosine square of x equals
+vh3C3-30w0y-00003-00001083-00001441 one plus cotangent square of X what that
+vh3C3-30w0y-00004-00001442-00001730 means verify the identity we have an
+vh3C3-30w0y-00005-00001730-00002014 equation trigonometric equation left and
+vh3C3-30w0y-00006-00002016-00002255 right and we need to prove that left
+vh3C3-30w0y-00007-00002256-00002854 side equals right side we use
+vh3C3-30w0y-00008-00002855-00003155 trigonometric identities sometimes in
+vh3C3-30w0y-00009-00003156-00003518 the beginning sometimes by the end and I
+vh3C3-30w0y-00010-00003519-00003722 want you to know skills how to prove
+vh3C3-30w0y-00011-00003722-00004052 that sometimes we work on left side keep
+vh3C3-30w0y-00012-00004053-00004244 working our left side left side till
+vh3C3-30w0y-00013-00004245-00004622 till it became like equal right side and
+vh3C3-30w0y-00014-00004623-00004906 sometimes you work on right side
+vh3C3-30w0y-00015-00004907-00005186 keep working on till he proved that the
+vh3C3-30w0y-00016-00005187-00005402 right side equals left side sometimes
+vh3C3-30w0y-00017-00005403-00005963 you work on both then we matched
+vh3C3-30w0y-00018-00005964-00006251 together that the statement is correct
+vh3C3-30w0y-00019-00006252-00006664 left equals right so let's think about
+vh3C3-30w0y-00020-00006665-00006956 this question 1 plus sine square of X
+vh3C3-30w0y-00021-00006956-00007226 divided by cosine square of X of course
+vh3C3-30w0y-00022-00007227-00007459 if you look at this question you need to
+vh3C3-30w0y-00023-00007461-00007913 work on left side this this is first and
+vh3C3-30w0y-00024-00007914-00008260 also you only to look at it deeply right
+vh3C3-30w0y-00025-00008261-00008477 side you might do something with two
+vh3C3-30w0y-00026-00008478-00008909 tangent squared X hmm okay so first one
+vh3C3-30w0y-00027-00008910-00009167 plus sine square X divided by cosine
+vh3C3-30w0y-00028-00009168-00009503 square X I think you could split the
+vh3C3-30w0y-00029-00009504-00009802 addition here to be 1 over cosine
+vh3C3-30w0y-00030-00009803-00010246 squared plus sine square of X divided by
+vh3C3-30w0y-00031-00010247-00010496 cosine oh and by the way if you divide
+vh3C3-30w0y-00032-00010497-00010864 sign by cosine you will get what yes
+vh3C3-30w0y-00033-00010865-00011221 tangent so let's do that here so first 1
+vh3C3-30w0y-00034-00011222-00011705 divided by cosine square split 1 divided
+vh3C3-30w0y-00035-00011706-00012380 by cosine square X plus divide sine
+vh3C3-30w0y-00036-00012381-00012680 square of X divided by cosine square of
+vh3C3-30w0y-00037-00012681-00013128 X sine
+vh3C3-30w0y-00038-00013129-00013686 of X divided by cosine squared X all
+vh3C3-30w0y-00039-00013687-00014130 right so I see that something came up
+vh3C3-30w0y-00040-00014131-00014381 which is sine square of X divided by
+vh3C3-30w0y-00041-00014382-00014750 cosine squared of X yeah highlight it
+vh3C3-30w0y-00042-00014751-00015266 like that take time
+vh3C3-30w0y-00043-00015268-00016547 yeah it's working now so left side
+vh3C3-30w0y-00044-00016548-00016808 keep working on left sides copy that
+vh3C3-30w0y-00045-00016809-00017387 wild over cosine square of X plus sine
+vh3C3-30w0y-00046-00017388-00017708 over cosine is changing so it would be
+vh3C3-30w0y-00047-00017709-00018284 tangent squared we have square tangent
+vh3C3-30w0y-00048-00018285-00019094 square of X and we keep copying right
+vh3C3-30w0y-00049-00019095-00019397 side but I think it will be better if
+vh3C3-30w0y-00050-00019398-00019764 you do something with so look keep one
+vh3C3-30w0y-00051-00019765-00020268 for now plus two tangent square you're
+vh3C3-30w0y-00052-00020269-00020615 gonna split it to be tangent plus change
+vh3C3-30w0y-00053-00020616-00021452 change in square plus change in square
+vh3C3-30w0y-00054-00021453-00021794 so split two of changing square to be
+vh3C3-30w0y-00055-00021795-00022106 one changing square plus one tangent
+vh3C3-30w0y-00056-00022107-00022446 square and you see left side and right
+vh3C3-30w0y-00057-00022447-00022672 side they have combination which is
+vh3C3-30w0y-00058-00022673-00022974 changing square X and here is changing
+vh3C3-30w0y-00059-00022975-00023171 squares we could cancel out by the way
+vh3C3-30w0y-00060-00023172-00023555 it could cancel out this one with that
+vh3C3-30w0y-00061-00023556-00023597 one
+vh3C3-30w0y-00062-00023598-00024074 subtract both fights - changing square
+vh3C3-30w0y-00063-00024075-00024771 so we left by this one one over cosine
+vh3C3-30w0y-00064-00024772-00025471 of square of X mmm and this is cancelled
+vh3C3-30w0y-00065-00025472-00026502 equals one plus tangent square
+vh3C3-30w0y-00066-00026504-00026912 okay think about left side one over
+vh3C3-30w0y-00067-00026913-00027281 cosine squats one over cosine square hmm
+vh3C3-30w0y-00068-00027282-00027650 rise remember reciprocal of cosine is
+vh3C3-30w0y-00069-00027651-00027910 what if you flip cosine will be what I
+vh3C3-30w0y-00070-00027911-00028463 hear you will be sine second square
+vh3C3-30w0y-00071-00028464-00028561 sorry
+vh3C3-30w0y-00072-00028562-00028925 secant square of X if you flip cosine it
+vh3C3-30w0y-00073-00028926-00029270 would be second if if you flip sign it
+vh3C3-30w0y-00074-00029270-00029695 would be cool see if you flip tangent it
+vh3C3-30w0y-00075-00029697-00029975 would be caught in any way left side it
+vh3C3-30w0y-00076-00029976-00030302 would be sticking square of x equals one
+vh3C3-30w0y-00077-00030302-00031120 plus tangent square of X ah do you
+vh3C3-30w0y-00078-00031122-00031327 remember the identity let's go over
+vh3C3-30w0y-00079-00031329-00031852 identity here here we have three
+vh3C3-30w0y-00080-00031854-00032239 identities are you need to time by the
+vh3C3-30w0y-00081-00032241-00032573 time to remember it helps a lot look at
+vh3C3-30w0y-00082-00032574-00033154 this we got this one plus tangent square
+vh3C3-30w0y-00083-00033155-00033512 here is 1 plus tangent square of X or
+vh3C3-30w0y-00084-00033513-00033848 theta whatever you have equals second
+vh3C3-30w0y-00085-00033849-00034295 square so base on the ID the three
+vh3C3-30w0y-00086-00034296-00034559 identities the statement is correct and
+vh3C3-30w0y-00087-00034560-00035111 we proved it so we could say okay left
+vh3C3-30w0y-00088-00035112-00035726 side equals right
+vivKWaOdGtc-00000-00000055-00000142 [Music]
+vivKWaOdGtc-00001-00000143-00000311 i wanna highlight that i've been missing
+vivKWaOdGtc-00002-00000312-00000478 but everything's on the right side but
+vivKWaOdGtc-00003-00000479-00000647 all the sort of things that get me on my
+vivKWaOdGtc-00004-00000648-00000774 knees i've been disbanded
+vivKWaOdGtc-00005-00000775-00001047 stand at ease ah fresher then up
+vivKWaOdGtc-00006-00001048-00001207 supervised don't mention
+vivKWaOdGtc-00007-00001208-00001374 the things that you hide cause a sick
+vivKWaOdGtc-00008-00001375-00001823 baseline by david will
+vivKWaOdGtc-00009-00001823-00002039 but i'm a singer i'm no rapper you know
+vivKWaOdGtc-00010-00002039-00002191 what i mean
+vivKWaOdGtc-00011-00002192-00002407 i might drop the mic but i feel inside
+vivKWaOdGtc-00012-00002408-00002631 that i should complain
+vivKWaOdGtc-00013-00002632-00002955 i'm also italian just as you are and
+vivKWaOdGtc-00014-00002956-00003852 [Music]
+vivKWaOdGtc-00015-00003853-00004696 [Music]
+vivKWaOdGtc-00016-00004697-00005234 [Music]
+vivKWaOdGtc-00017-00005235-00005683 [Music]
+vivKWaOdGtc-00018-00005684-00006126 foreign
+vivKWaOdGtc-00019-00006127-00006831 [Music]
+vivKWaOdGtc-00020-00006831-00007088 oh
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00000-00000167-00000577 k leaving at one
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00001-00000578-00002225 welcome to our daily numbness session
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00002-00002226-00002780 and in inadvertently caught up in a bit
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00003-00002781-00003615 of a brouhaha here in Ontario Canada
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00004-00003617-00004085 regarding free speech and gender
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00005-00004086-00005003 identity that I look tonight that free
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00006-00005004-00005591 speech story is that I happened to be at
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00007-00005592-00005966 this meeting i'm on a subcommittee for
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00008-00005967-00006452 that is committed for building and
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00009-00006453-00006764 building an inclusive community at
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00010-00006765-00007238 mcmaster university so the idea is to
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00011-00007239-00007573 combat for the most part combat things
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00012-00007575-00007964 like racism and religious bigotry and so
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00013-00007965-00008741 on sexism homophobia transphobia and I
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00014-00008742-00009209 couldn't because there's unfortunately
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00015-00009210-00009431 quite a bit of it going around there's
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00016-00009432-00010115 some Nazi Azam's come up there is of
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00017-00010116-00010418 course this deep-seated hatred of Arab
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00018-00010419-00011069 Arabic people there's a hatred for tron
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00019-00011070-00011408 trend transsexual people hatred for
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00020-00011409-00011897 homosexual people there sexism I got a
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00021-00011898-00012215 lot of problems in this world lasting
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00022-00012216-00012716 university has its share and and I think
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00023-00012717-00012968 it's somewhat unique in it approach or
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00024-00012969-00013400 its interest in coming to terms with
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00025-00013401-00013708 those things and trying to do eight of
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00026-00013709-00013955 them
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00027-00013956-00014238 sometimes successful sometimes perhaps
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00028-00014238-00014580 not I think it's worthwhile because all
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00029-00014581-00014764 these things of course talk about
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00030-00014765-00015056 defilement they all come from a corrupt
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00031-00015057-00015578 state of mind bigotry and Prejudice are
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00032-00015579-00016409 and anathema to Littleton it's not a
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00033-00016410-00016827 partner but it there's the Madison thing
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00034-00016828-00017228 to say it look this thing anyway so I
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00035-00017229-00017480 was at this meeting and I got called up
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00036-00017481-00017675 I was just sitting in the back so it was
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00037-00017676-00017870 the main committee meeting and I just
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00038-00017871-00018155 showed up because that'd be nice to show
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00039-00018156-00018383 my support and ended up getting
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00040-00018384-00018614 corralled into being in the picture and
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00041-00018615-00019043 ended up making songs try somehow that
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00042-00019044-00019528 picture got caught up in this this
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00043-00019529-00019886 violent debate over free speech and
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00044-00019887-00020217 gender identity and I become I've been
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00045-00020218-00020652 identified as a part of the and enough
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00046-00020653-00020849 social justice warrior whatever they
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00047-00020850-00021714 cause movement quite them unpleasant I
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00048-00021715-00022178 think to read some of the comments that
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00049-00022179-00022917 one sees associated with these things
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00050-00022918-00023414 one of the comments and it identified
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00051-00023415-00024002 Buddhism as a devouring mother religion
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00052-00024003-00024275 which I have such a bizarre statement it
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00053-00024276-00024509 was like I didn't understand if it was
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00054-00024510-00024828 even grammatically correct but it turns
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00055-00024829-00025050 out some of you are probably smarter
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00056-00025051-00025267 than me unless know what this means
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00057-00025268-00025566 turns out that devouring mother is an
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00058-00025567-00025836 archetype putting us toward and that
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00059-00025837-00026307 young Carl Jung used I think if you look
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00060-00026308-00026471 up devouring mother you can try and
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00061-00026472-00026668 figure it out Buddhism could be
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00062-00026669-00027437 understood as that I couldn't understand
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00063-00027438-00028245 it and of course the that's incredible
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00064-00028245-00028383 you know then people look at this
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00065-00028383-00028799 picture and say all of us are a bunch of
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00066-00028800-00029448 freaks and wait typical social justice
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00067-00029449-00029757 or your fault the dregs of humanity
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00068-00029758-00030218 because we don't look like the
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00069-00030219-00030883 stereotypical male female binary
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00070-00030884-00031755 beautiful sexy attractive well dressed
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00071-00031756-00032476 contributing member of society that kind
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00072-00032477-00032830 of thing well it's incredible isn't for
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00073-00032831-00033193 me is how much corruption of mind there
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00074-00033194-00033903 is involved and you can't but you can't
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00075-00033904-00034182 you can't be object you can't be
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00076-00034183-00034447 impartial about this there's no not
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00077-00034448-00034723 taking sides I mean this is wrong it's
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00078-00034724-00035080 wrong to and there's no question that
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00079-00035081-00035793 such a bigotry and hatred is wrong and
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00080-00035794-00036019 so that's what's interesting about this
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00081-00036020-00036165 debate for me is the difference between
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00082-00036166-00036718 free and right like that's what that's
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00083-00036719-00037320 where Buddhism differs from perhaps
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00084-00037321-00037695 society
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00085-00037696-00037968 and and reasonably so because society is
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00086-00037969-00038238 our society here in Canada's pluralistic
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00087-00038239-00038715 and so we would want no one would want
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00088-00038716-00039075 it to be well we wouldn't desert
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00089-00039076-00039375 community want it to be following one
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00090-00039376-00039699 religion because there's a whole bunch
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00091-00039700-00039945 of us who wouldn't agree with that so
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00092-00039946-00040275 there's many values that we have to
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00093-00040276-00041031 leave on legislate but people talk a lot
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00094-00041032-00041466 about free were free speech and it goes
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00095-00041467-00041712 beyond simply not legislating and it
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00096-00041713-00042120 goes to the point of believing that if I
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00097-00042121-00042471 can say it um that's right it's okay to
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00098-00042472-00043083 say it but because I can that's enough
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00099-00043084-00043461 to it's enough to think that it's okay
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00100-00043462-00043887 to say meaning basically they say what
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00101-00043888-00044145 you want right that's a free speech we
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00102-00044146-00044430 have these ideas about freedom you know
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00103-00044431-00044951 this term of the free thinker well
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00104-00044952-00045192 psychopaths are free thinker I mean
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00105-00045193-00045615 Hitler was probably bring up the best
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00106-00045616-00046245 example Hitman's probably a free thinker
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00107-00046246-00046551 not so interested in freedom this sword
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00108-00046552-00047891 in Buddhist
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00109-00047892-00048341 it's a freedom of a moral it's an amoral
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00110-00048342-00048512 freedom in the sense that there is no
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00111-00048513-00049016 right and wrong it's the free speech is
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00112-00049017-00049220 the right to shout theatre and a crown
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00113-00049221-00049562 of fire in a crowded theater theater and
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00114-00049563-00049849 crowded firearms in other ways let's put
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00115-00049850-00050075 and you can say what you want but that's
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00116-00050076-00050422 not free speech that's not that's not
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00117-00050423-00050681 how free speech should be understood
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00118-00050682-00051029 because it's wrong speech you yell fire
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00119-00051030-00051286 in a crowded theater that's very wrong
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00120-00051287-00051659 are you free to say it I mean no one can
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00121-00051660-00051914 really stop you they can punish you for
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00122-00051915-00052271 it but it's not easy to stop someone so
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00123-00052272-00052460 in a sense we're all free to say such
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00124-00052461-00053048 things
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00125-00053049-00053344 it's important to distinguish this as
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00126-00053345-00053557 meditators because it gives us a sense
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00127-00053558-00053704 of what we're trying to do here we're
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00128-00053705-00054113 trying to understand what is right free
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00129-00054114-00054272 will we're not so interested in
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00130-00054273-00054515 understanding free will or answering
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00131-00054516-00055241 this question of free will very much
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00132-00055241-00055794 interest is a right will right intention
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00133-00055795-00056116 do we have free will okay do we have
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00134-00056117-00056707 right will that's the question we're not
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00135-00056708-00057182 so interested in our own ideas because a
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00136-00057183-00057551 man that's not even freedom right they
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00137-00057552-00057751 say i want free speech but what you
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00138-00057752-00057991 really mean didn't mean as i want to be
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00139-00057992-00058387 a slave to my my my personality and
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00140-00058388-00058738 that's what it is you're not free you're
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00141-00058739-00058966 completely contrived and so you see
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00142-00058967-00059371 people who grew up in conservative areas
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00143-00059372-00059669 spouting nonsense about homosexual
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00144-00059670-00060185 people and women and blacks and Mexicans
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00145-00060186-00060901 and Muslims Arabs not so keen on Islam
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00146-00060902-00061219 myself so I'm going to distinguish that
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00147-00061220-00061991 talking about people so that's not free
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00148-00061991-00062188 speech there's nothing free about that
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00149-00062189-00062826 you're totally trapped trapped in this
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00150-00062827-00063505 vicious pernicious corrupt mind I've met
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00151-00063507-00063754 people like this it's quite scary that
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00152-00063754-00064290 such people exist
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00153-00064291-00064549 and so this is a crucial aspect of our
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00154-00064550-00064879 meditation that would not be will not be
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00155-00064879-00065233 attached to our personality and we see
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00156-00065234-00065482 that we come to see that much of what we
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00157-00065483-00065743 think of as free will free thought free
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00158-00065744-00066364 speech comes from comes from our
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00159-00066365-00067201 personality dependent on the artificers
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00160-00067202-00067411 as we build up the patterns of behavior
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00161-00067412-00067816 that we carry with it we're not free in
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00162-00067817-00068218 any sense of the word the only way you
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00163-00068219-00068413 can truly be free is if you were free
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00164-00068414-00068803 from the corruption if you had right
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00165-00068804-00069127 speech because then you would be free
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00166-00069128-00069450 not tool that you would be free from
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00167-00069451-00070114 free from suffering free from evil free
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00168-00070115-00070651 from blame praise from justified blame
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00169-00070652-00070855 any way and all things going to blame
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00170-00070856-00071339 you for something
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00171-00071340-00071739 so society has a has a problem with
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00172-00071740-00072057 trying to legislate right what is right
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00173-00072058-00072357 and what is wrong and so there is free
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00174-00072358-00072900 speeches is allowed it's an important
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00175-00072901-00073107 aspect of a pluralistic society we want
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00176-00073108-00073515 to be allowed to dissent we want to be
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00177-00073516-00074325 allowed to have independent opinion to
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00178-00074326-00074511 the recognition that many people
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00179-00074512-00074730 different people have different views to
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00180-00074731-00075039 allow the exchange of views this
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00181-00075040-00075826 exchange of ideas
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00182-00075827-00076180 so this question came up of where Sh how
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00183-00076181-00076480 should society like just like how far
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00184-00076481-00077031 should society go to legislate speech
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00185-00077032-00077303 but there is a line I mean there's a
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00186-00077304-00077830 clear line I can I can attack your
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00187-00077831-00078110 religion I should be able to say I don't
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00188-00078111-00078412 really like Islam I should be able to
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00189-00078413-00078574 say his funds not a very good religion
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00190-00078575-00078860 and mine my view some good things when
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00191-00078861-00079167 that would be overly general but that
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00192-00079168-00079474 Islam also making some problem I should
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00193-00079475-00079841 be able to say that as I could be clear
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00194-00079842-00079961 I say that that I would say the same
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00195-00079962-00080296 thing about Christianity Judaism
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00196-00080297-00080798 Hinduism yeah but the worst the worst
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00197-00080799-00081142 ones are about Judaism and Islam I think
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00198-00081143-00081343 probably the worst I just have such
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00199-00081344-00081976 horrible things in some good there you
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00200-00081977-00082178 can find gems of goodness as you can
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00201-00082179-00082506 find nothing is cut and dried like that
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00202-00082507-00082709 but he should be able to say that at
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00203-00082710-00083021 that point but I shouldn't be able to
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00204-00083022-00083273 say that Aaron people are dirty or Arab
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00205-00083274-00083593 people are evil or aryl Arab people are
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00206-00083594-00083942 thieves crooks no he shouldn't be able
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00207-00083943-00084173 to say that right that's called hate
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00208-00084174-00084621 speech
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00209-00084622-00084942 it's not hate speech in my mind anyway I
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00210-00084943-00085221 hope it never comes become thought of as
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00211-00085222-00085620 hate speech to say that Islam is you
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00212-00085621-00086184 know this view in Islam that in Judaism
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00213-00086185-00086349 when they say you should throw stones at
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00214-00086350-00086580 peop should stone people to death that's
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00215-00086581-00087209 bad that's wrong the Jewish people are
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00216-00087210-00087801 shysters our crooks are it shouldn't be
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00217-00087802-00088888 able to say that that hates me
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00218-00088889-00089113 and so we look at in Buddhism look at
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00219-00089114-00089499 where it dovetails quite nicely with the
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00220-00089500-00090081 line that we draw in society in Buddhism
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00221-00090082-00090479 you know it well it one of the I'm
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00222-00090480-00090785 always I always admire to some extent
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00223-00090786-00091342 anyway the law judges if you ever read
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00224-00091343-00091963 the opinions of judges on on cases the
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00225-00091964-00092569 thoughtful people and they tend to be in
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00226-00092570-00092791 many ways the line with what is like
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00227-00092792-00093013 studying religion how religion has been
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00228-00093014-00093440 applied in many ways it's quite Buddhist
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00229-00093441-00093773 and it analyzes religion in terms of
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00230-00093774-00093959 what actually going on do people
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00231-00093960-00094516 actually hold these viewers in zone so
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00232-00094517-00094849 in this case it dovetails nicely with
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00233-00094850-00095118 the fact that we're talking about ethics
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00234-00095119-00095597 you know you have the right to say all
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00235-00095598-00095851 sorts of crazy things but if it gets
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00236-00095852-00096426 hurtful if it's hateful if it
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00237-00096427-00096743 disregarding
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00238-00096744-00097265 if it is negligent speech purposefully
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00239-00097266-00098011 disregarding someone's worth as a person
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00240-00098012-00098342 all of these things we would consider to
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00241-00098343-00098867 be potential objects of legislation
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00242-00098868-00099094 because they are potentially wrong and
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00243-00099095-00099473 not only wrong but they're egregiously
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00244-00099474-00099815 wrong we would say that's interesting
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00245-00099816-00099962 from a Buddhist point of view as well
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00246-00099963-00100322 because you know meditation or in a
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00247-00100323-00100484 meditation center there many things that
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00248-00100485-00101182 can go wrong you know we talked about in
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00249-00101183-00101528 Christianity they say given to Jesus say
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00250-00101529-00102182 this to committing adultery he said if
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00251-00102183-00102512 you if you if you think about your
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00252-00102513-00102659 neighbors life or something like that
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00253-00102660-00102857 you've already committed adultery or
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00254-00102858-00103193 something like that so I'm not going to
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00255-00103194-00103446 go around the book so this isn't meant
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00256-00103447-00103631 to be about fashion Christianity or
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00257-00103632-00104066 Islam kind of religions but you make
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00258-00104067-00104285 this distinction in Buddhism as well
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00259-00104286-00104970 between and evil and egregiously evil I
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00260-00104971-00105120 made a comment that was perhaps
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00261-00105121-00105381 problematic and on Stack Exchange where
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00262-00105382-00105683 I said all sexual activities and moral
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00263-00105684-00105887 and I've been thinking about that or I
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00264-00105888-00106187 was thinking about that I know just
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00265-00106188-00106585 words but you do want to be clear that
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00266-00106586-00106829 I'm not saying you're an evil person
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00267-00106830-00107153 because you have sex but sexuality is
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00268-00107154-00107358 involved with low pile which is an
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00269-00107358-00107591 unwholesome mind state it's an evil mind
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00270-00107592-00108207 state but perhaps wrong because you want
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00271-00108208-00108353 to be clear that you're not there
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00272-00108354-00108788 there's different levels to this so we
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00273-00108789-00108948 wouldn't legislate people yelling at
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00274-00108949-00109119 each other for example if I yell at you
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00275-00109120-00109391 and say I hate you you're worthless
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00276-00109392-00109616 you're stupid then we don't want to let
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00277-00109617-00109922 this thing
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00278-00109923-00110154 but when you attack a person is very
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00279-00110155-00110517 being or when your speech is harmful to
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00280-00110518-00111158 and very being
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00281-00111158-00111316 that's where we want to say it's
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00282-00111317-00111548 egregious and so in Buddhism it's
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00283-00111549-00111701 interesting in Buddhism is sort of hate
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00284-00111702-00112100 speech is actually legislated you can't
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00285-00112101-00112724 even jokingly it was this horrible
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00286-00112725-00112994 situation thailand can be really i don't
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00287-00112995-00113227 know traditional society sometimes get
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00288-00113228-00113573 caught up in incredible prejudice just
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00289-00113574-00113859 do the geographic isolation mostly and
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00290-00113860-00114264 remember when i first went to thailand i
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00291-00114265-00114610 was sitting with this time aankhen we
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00292-00114611-00114952 were watching this dark skinned tourists
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00293-00114953-00115401 walk by and he turns denise is all dirty
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00294-00115402-00115651 another tapes be sure that you know
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00295-00115652-00115844 that's not my hate speech exactly but
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00296-00115845-00116156 that has terrible racism bigotry
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00297-00116157-00116427 whatever you want to call it was awful
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00298-00116428-00116918 but then I listening to some monks many
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00299-00116919-00117197 years later joke about this there was
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00300-00117198-00117425 this dark skinned man going to stay up
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00301-00117426-00117671 on a mountain monk going to stamp he
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00302-00117672-00117833 wasn't even he was time but he was from
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00303-00117833-00118327 the south bay a dark skin and he was
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00304-00118328-00118864 going to stay up on the mountain and one
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00305-00118865-00119134 of the very white skin Bangkok monk rich
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00306-00119135-00119456 kid said said to him and they were good
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00307-00119457-00119848 friends but he said to him he says Oh
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00308-00119849-00120074 we'll come back and the clouds will be
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00309-00120075-00120582 all black
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00310-00120583-00120809 that's actually wrong but that's
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00311-00120810-00121034 breaking a rule in British even is just
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00312-00121035-00121376 as a joke if you joke about someone like
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00313-00121377-00121658 to make the joke about women if I say
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00314-00121659-00122128 something like just as a joke I say
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00315-00122129-00122373 women should be barefoot and pregnant or
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00316-00122374-00122638 something like that even as a joke
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00317-00122639-00123789 breaking a rule
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00318-00123790-00124430 so there's this question now is whether
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00319-00124431-00124736 whether people who don't identify well
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00320-00124738-00124995 first the question of if I was born a
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00321-00124996-00125174 man and I transitioned to become a woman
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00322-00125175-00125550 and then someone still refers to me as a
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00323-00125551-00125844 man disregarding the fact that I want to
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00324-00125845-00126158 be referred to as a woman does that hate
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00325-00126159-00126947 speech it was a meeting this is a huge
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00326-00126948-00127173 violent to be this is the debate that I
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00327-00127174-00127411 can't cut up in and and more than that
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00328-00127413-00127665 what if someone doesn't identify as
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00329-00127666-00127827 either male or female and they want to
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00330-00127828-00128111 be called day or them they don't want
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00331-00128113-00128427 you to refer to them as him or her he or
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00332-00128428-00128892 she and so there is one professor that
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00333-00128893-00129324 has refused refused to use third-person
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00334-00129325-00129627 pronouns or fused to use pronouns in
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00335-00129628-00129761 general and says he's going to call
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00336-00129763-00130092 people male or female his argument from
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00337-00130093-00130521 what his stances anyway I want to get
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00338-00130522-00130800 too much into that but looking at the
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00339-00130801-00131106 just getting back to the ideas that were
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00340-00131107-00131832 interested in the results was important
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00341-00131833-00131979 thing to think about as well as the
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00342-00131980-00132602 results of his obstinance and his
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00343-00132603-00133005 insistence that this is a violation of
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00344-00133006-00133152 free speech I mean the results of that
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00345-00133153-00133614 have not been Pleasant it has fed a
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00346-00133615-00133956 great amount of huge amount of hatred
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00347-00133957-00134721 and bigotry and corruption my people who
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00348-00134722-00135048 had these thoughts people who was
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00349-00135049-00135441 ignorant and Canada's ignorance I mean
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00350-00135442-00135690 not to say that he's ignorant or that
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00351-00135691-00135834 everyone is ignorant but there is
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00352-00135835-00136059 ignorant people don't understand and
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00353-00136060-00136254 they never really thought about what is
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00354-00136255-00136464 it like to be someone who doesn't
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00355-00136465-00136601 identify as male
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00356-00136602-00136937 female what is it like to be feel like a
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00357-00136938-00137200 man trapped in a woman's body I mean
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00358-00137201-00137611 most of us can't understand it it can't
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00359-00137612-00137897 emphasize we don't know what it's like
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00360-00137898-00138185 but we can simplify and we can try to
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00361-00138186-00138527 understand many people don't even try to
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00362-00138528-00138782 understand or accept the fact that it
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00363-00138783-00139118 might be very difficult except that this
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00364-00139119-00139472 person doesn't see themselves the way we
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00365-00139473-00139907 see the way we would expect them to see
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00366-00139908-00140543 himself and does me there's an issue
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00367-00140544-00140861 there so this is this is something where
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00368-00140862-00141077 I would want to have compassion for this
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00369-00141078-00141731 person and I would want to be erring on
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00370-00141732-00142139 the side of compassion could people take
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00371-00142140-00142277 advantage of it apparently yes
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00372-00142278-00142430 apparently there are people who want to
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00373-00142431-00142793 be called pixie kim and dragon can or
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00374-00142794-00143051 worm kin or something but who they
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00375-00143052-00143414 identify with and I can't help but think
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00376-00143415-00143606 that a lot of that just frivolous and
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00377-00143607-00144286 silly but nonetheless I'm it doesn't
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00378-00144287-00144659 infringe upon my rights in any
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00379-00144660-00144863 meaningful way to have to call someone
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00380-00144864-00145241 pixie Kim if I don't want to be called a
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00381-00145242-00145556 pixie and say I want people to call me
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00382-00145557-00146078 and be coolin the two sides i can get to
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00383-00146079-00146201 another side of it but this is the first
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00384-00146202-00146738 sign is that yeah i mean i think it's
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00385-00146739-00146935 it's
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00386-00146936-00147400 dangerous for us to say that we should
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00387-00147401-00147663 be allowed to disregard people's
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00388-00147664-00148186 identity which would be allowed to give
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00389-00148187-00148648 it to them ties who they are on the one
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00390-00148649-00149045 hand why because the results the results
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00391-00149046-00149833 are a huge a huge disparity and on an
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00392-00149834-00150023 irregularity I don't know what you call
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00393-00150024-00150385 it a statistical significant disparity
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00394-00150386-00150593 between suicide rates where you have
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00395-00150594-00150770 trans people committing suicide and
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00396-00150771-00151285 great number homosexual people stuff but
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00397-00151286-00151435 no I'm dealing specifically talking
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00398-00151436-00151627 about trans people here it's just off
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00399-00151628-00152109 the charts it's very high
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00400-00152110-00152520 and besides suicide you a murder right
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00401-00152521-00152826 the results of such violent hatred when
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00402-00152827-00153165 you when you do this when you when you
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00403-00153166-00153699 fail to give the thigh when you fail to
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00404-00153700-00154695 see the social importance making
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00405-00154696-00154946 allowance for these people with
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00406-00154947-00155148 difference between equity and equality
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00407-00155149-00155595 they say equality means there's the door
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00408-00155596-00155859 walk through it equity means well if
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00409-00155860-00155973 you're in the wheelchair will make a
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00410-00155974-00156300 ramp for you certain people have stupid
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00411-00156301-00156590 special needs it's not whether I think
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00412-00156591-00157068 they have the needs of whether when I
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00413-00157069-00157241 guess it's some examples are they think
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00414-00157242-00157593 they do you know worrying about abuse is
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00415-00157594-00157884 another thing that no I guess it's what
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00416-00157885-00158163 a society thinks they do whether they
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00417-00158164-00158891 legitimately do
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00418-00158892-00159116 but my point I mean this is what I've
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00419-00159117-00159248 gotten caught up and I'm not really
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00420-00159249-00159416 caught up and it's just funny kind of
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00421-00159417-00159551 that I've been called out on the
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00422-00159552-00159728 internet and Buddhism has been called
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00423-00159729-00160028 these bad names and some of my people
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00424-00160029-00160265 who was opinions don't really matter to
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00425-00160266-00160769 me bill you know criticism is always to
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00426-00160770-00161414 be taken and considered but the point is
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00427-00161415-00161780 be the corruption that evil involved so
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00428-00161781-00161950 the way of putting it this is a grade
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00429-00161951-00162632 you but there's another side to this and
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00430-00162633-00163028 the other side is in the social justice
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00431-00163029-00163541 warrior personally I I like this term I
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00432-00163542-00163718 think it's good to fight for social
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00433-00163719-00164168 justice is a good thing I mean but it
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00434-00164169-00164600 becomes it becomes mean and nasty so
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00435-00164601-00164750 there was a huge protest when this
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00436-00164751-00164921 professor trying to come and talk and
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00437-00164922-00165085 they wouldn't even let him talk which I
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00438-00165086-00165323 don't think he has anything and that
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00439-00165324-00165527 person or not that impressed by what he
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00440-00165528-00165800 has to say but the fact that they were
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00441-00165801-00166091 so angry at him I don't see that as
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00442-00166092-00166538 being a good thing either yes see if
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00443-00166539-00166748 anything out of this as meditators as
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00444-00166749-00167030 Buddhists what we can get is how fairly
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00445-00167031-00167233 simple it is to figure out all these
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00446-00167234-00167894 complex society issues untangling the
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00447-00167895-00168044 tangle right what I was talking about
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00448-00168045-00168218 last night what sort of thing i was
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00449-00168219-00168635 thinking of them it's not that difficult
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00450-00168636-00169025 if we could be sensitive and
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00451-00169026-00169241 compassionate to others and if we can be
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00452-00169242-00169544 pure in our hearts so the internal and
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00453-00169545-00169781 the external externally we were
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00454-00169782-00170096 conscious or mindful of the impacts that
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00455-00170097-00170444 are acts and our words and our thoughts
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00456-00170445-00170795 have on other and we try to act
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00457-00170796-00171023 accordingly mud not with free thought
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00458-00171024-00171527 free speech free action that's rubbish
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00459-00171528-00171819 that was right shock right speech right
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00460-00171820-00172176 action and it doesn't have to be strict
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00461-00172177-00172473 in line with this religious principle
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00462-00172474-00173028 not religious principle but if we
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00463-00173029-00173238 recognize that something is just a bad
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00464-00173239-00173412 thing to do were saying that it's
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00465-00173413-00173781 causing harm and it's either outright
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00466-00173782-00174186 evil or its dismissive and we should
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00467-00174187-00174513 avoid that and society should have
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00468-00174514-00175437 something to say about that I think
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00469-00175438-00176004 and so externally and internally we look
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00470-00176005-00176517 at our mind working out why am i doing
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00471-00176518-00176736 there's so much you can learn and all
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00472-00176737-00177083 these stances that we take I'm right
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00473-00177084-00177635 thinking I'm right they all fall apart
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00474-00177636-00178047 and become quite humble quite ashamed in
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00475-00178048-00178377 many ways of who you are realizing how
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00476-00178378-00179159 arrogant and pretentious we can be how
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00477-00179160-00179394 set we can become an ER views and
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00478-00179395-00179559 opinions I'll caught up by then we
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00479-00179560-00180117 become it's very hard to change your
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00480-00180118-00180446 view once you've committed to it right
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00481-00180447-00180705 that's the wonder of meditation so you
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00482-00180706-00180825 don't have to believe me you don't have
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00483-00180826-00181137 to agree with me when you look inside
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00484-00181138-00181904 you'll see right and wrong and I mean
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00485-00181905-00182154 perhaps one thing that is not well
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00486-00182155-00182561 enough amid endure or acknowledged by
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00487-00182562-00182940 society eyeing the world is that there
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00488-00182941-00183483 is right wrong beyond subjective ideas
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00489-00183484-00183765 of it but there's only one right and
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00490-00183766-00184431 wrong the question how you find it
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00491-00184432-00184674 many people would say it's impossible to
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00492-00184675-00184890 know right and wrong it's actually going
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00493-00184891-00185229 to you guys this leads to suffering ok
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00494-00185230-00185496 I'll stop that that's wrong this leads
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00495-00185497-00185841 to happiness to peace ok everything
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00496-00185842-00186210 becomes so simple you can see through
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00497-00186211-00186408 any complex problem because you see
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00498-00186409-00186619 what's going on in people's mind I can
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00499-00186620-00186866 have the greatest argument for why you
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00500-00186867-00187282 should agree with me and I can still be
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00501-00187283-00187590 very wrong and cut through it and you
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00502-00187591-00187722 say this person is just full of
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00503-00187723-00188557 themselves arrogance puffed up and cut
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00504-00188558-00188865 through it cut through the division with
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00505-00188866-00189401 a knife the knife we use as objectivity
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00506-00189402-00189636 based on the floor foundations of
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00507-00189637-00190132 mindfulness or mindfulness lately when
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00508-00190133-00190290 we observe things let me remind
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00509-00190291-00190722 ourselves this is this ad is that anger
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00510-00190723-00191313 is anger speeches speech not free it is
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00511-00191314-00191839 not right and justice
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00512-00191840-00192037 when we start to see what's really right
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00513-00192038-00192405 and wrong is our own defilement found
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00514-00192406-00192932 intention
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00515-00192933-00193205 see those qualities of mind that are
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00516-00193206-00193523 wrong and they're wrong in a very simple
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00517-00193524-00194173 sense and wrong because that's wrong
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00518-00194174-00194686 they don't lean to the desired result
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00519-00194687-00194984 and I'll fulfill our expectations Green
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00520-00194985-00195173 doesn't fulfill our expectation for
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00521-00195174-00195443 happiness anger doesn't fulfill our
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00522-00195444-00195805 expectation for freedom from suffering
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00523-00195806-00196217 delusion doesn't fulfill our expectation
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00524-00196218-00197265 of self-identity
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00525-00197266-00197579 as we know
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00526-00197580-00197822 they own is impermanent suffering and
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00527-00197823-00198437 non-self which we're looking at so I
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00528-00198438-00198898 think a really good example of how
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00529-00198899-00199136 meditation goes all the way from the
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00530-00199137-00199421 microcosm to the macrocosm how society
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00531-00199422-00200066 can be understood as a meditator it's
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00532-00200067-00200321 also in good way of tackling this debate
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00533-00200322-00200740 about free will or free speech free
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00534-00200741-00201479 thinkers we thought the one hand we want
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00535-00201480-00201767 to give this to society and he wants to
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00536-00201768-00202250 be pluralistic important as we
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00537-00202251-00202379 acknowledge that not everyone is
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00538-00202380-00203275 Buddhist unfortunately
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00539-00203276-00203530 but on the other hand as Buddhists we
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00540-00203531-00203887 want to speak up and say you hate to
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00541-00203888-00204250 this hatred is not allowed bigotry is
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00542-00204251-00204856 not allowed not tolerated what does that
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00543-00204857-00205038 mean not tolerated I don't know I guess
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00544-00205039-00205285 so we will kind of tolerate it but we
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00545-00205286-00205426 will put our foot down and say that this
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00546-00205427-00205702 is this goes against the principles of a
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00547-00205703-00206214 just and fair society think it goes to
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00548-00206215-00206544 go against goodness so we wouldn't throw
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00549-00206546-00206739 people in jail over it but we would take
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00550-00206740-00207544 a stand and say that's wrong
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00551-00207546-00207964 any filters but dumb before tonight
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00552-00207965-00208201 hopefully it wasn't too worldly free all
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00553-00208202-00208502 thank you all for tuning in have a good
+vjStmvXU8Hg-00554-00208503-00208717 night
+vlTDZt6GPzy-00000-00000120-00000695 [Music]
+vlTDZt6GPzy-00001-00000696-00000782 hello world
+vlTDZt6GPzy-00002-00000783-00001007 on today's episode of zen lock cooking
+vlTDZt6GPzy-00003-00001008-00001174 we have a
+vlTDZt6GPzy-00004-00001175-00001527 corbin cat rock this is a wafer padlock
+vlTDZt6GPzy-00005-00001528-00001767 as you can see there are relatively
+vlTDZt6GPzy-00006-00001768-00001847 simple
+vlTDZt6GPzy-00007-00001848-00002055 uh can't be gutted let's do a quick
+vlTDZt6GPzy-00008-00002056-00002310 opening
+vlTDZt6GPzy-00009-00002311-00002695 a nice background for it out here hiking
+vlTDZt6GPzy-00010-00002696-00004199 in washington
+vlTDZt6GPzy-00011-00004200-00004879 wafer all right five
+vlTDZt6GPzy-00012-00004880-00005206 right i prefer one here feels like it's
+vlTDZt6GPzy-00013-00005207-00005447 finding
+vlTDZt6GPzy-00014-00005448-00005854 let's go wait for two
+vlTDZt6GPzy-00015-00005855-00007348 there we go
+vlTDZt6GPzy-00016-00007350-00007655 [Music]
+vlTDZt6GPzy-00017-00007656-00008063 okay
+vlTDZt6GPzy-00018-00008064-00008839 two needed to go further out
+vlTDZt6GPzy-00019-00008840-00009883 we got four
+vlTDZt6GPzy-00020-00009884-00010046 three
+vlTDZt6GPzy-00021-00010047-00010478 and
+vlTDZt6GPzy-00022-00010479-00011103 there we go and there's our opening
+vlTDZt6GPzy-00023-00011104-00012263 open there
+vlTDZt6GPzy-00024-00012264-00012559 here's the bedding as you can see very
+vlTDZt6GPzy-00025-00012560-00012838 easy bedding
+vlTDZt6GPzy-00026-00012839-00013263 very easy baby but yeah
+vlTDZt6GPzy-00027-00013263-00013519 and this is a corbin padlock hope you
+vlTDZt6GPzy-00028-00013519-00014144 enjoyed this episode of the marketing
+vnihIdgLmrg-00000-00000012-00000262 hi Les from retaining limit the dream
+vnihIdgLmrg-00001-00000263-00000515 time for another live stream on Sunday
+vnihIdgLmrg-00002-00000516-00000989 the 5th of February at 4 P.M Thai time
+vnihIdgLmrg-00003-00000990-00001343 which is about 9 A.M English time
+vnihIdgLmrg-00004-00001344-00001547 so I'll put some questions on the
+vnihIdgLmrg-00005-00001548-00001780 comments below and I'll start answering
+vnihIdgLmrg-00006-00001782-00002141 them on Sunday the 5th of February
+vnihIdgLmrg-00007-00002142-00002339 ask anything you want I'm back in
+vnihIdgLmrg-00008-00002340-00002549 Thailand now following my nine weeks in
+vnihIdgLmrg-00009-00002550-00002867 the UK and I'm on the beach now with my
+vnihIdgLmrg-00010-00002868-00003142 wife there she is been swimming in the
+vnihIdgLmrg-00011-00003143-00003274 sea
+vnihIdgLmrg-00012-00003275-00003461 you couldn't do that at redcar beach
+vnihIdgLmrg-00013-00003461-00003683 it's nice and warm
+vnihIdgLmrg-00014-00003684-00003940 it's a little bit overcast today
+vnihIdgLmrg-00015-00003942-00004277 but it's so nice to be back in Thailand
+vnihIdgLmrg-00016-00004278-00004553 walking along the beach as you can see
+vnihIdgLmrg-00017-00004554-00004799 the board's over there
+vnihIdgLmrg-00018-00004800-00005104 speed bought with the bananas banana
+vnihIdgLmrg-00019-00005105-00005452 boat everybody's going in the sea to
+vnihIdgLmrg-00020-00005453-00005627 have a good time
+vnihIdgLmrg-00021-00005628-00005909 so yeah back in Thailand absolutely
+vnihIdgLmrg-00022-00005910-00006052 loving it
+vnihIdgLmrg-00023-00006053-00006268 everybody says I look 10 years younger
+vnihIdgLmrg-00024-00006269-00006503 now than I did in the UK walking along
+vnihIdgLmrg-00025-00006504-00006695 red car Beach and I feel 10 years
+vnihIdgLmrg-00026-00006695-00006892 younger also
+vnihIdgLmrg-00027-00006893-00007306 so anybody want to ask any questions
+vnihIdgLmrg-00028-00007308-00007541 ask away
+vnihIdgLmrg-00029-00007542-00007709 put your comments down below for
+vnihIdgLmrg-00030-00007709-00007948 questions that you want me to answer on
+vnihIdgLmrg-00031-00007950-00008110 the live stream
+vnihIdgLmrg-00032-00008111-00008410 it'll be about a couple of hours I think
+vnihIdgLmrg-00033-00008411-00008681 but I can't wait I'm sure there's plenty
+vnihIdgLmrg-00034-00008682-00008896 of questions that people want to know
+vnihIdgLmrg-00035-00008897-00009107 and thank you very much for all the
+vnihIdgLmrg-00036-00009108-00009335 subscribers that I got in the UK new to
+vnihIdgLmrg-00037-00009336-00009442 this channel
+vnihIdgLmrg-00038-00009443-00009653 hopefully it's informed if you get lots
+vnihIdgLmrg-00039-00009654-00009887 of information
+vnihIdgLmrg-00040-00009888-00010133 and I've got various other things to say
+vnihIdgLmrg-00041-00010134-00010331 with regard to the channel but watch the
+vnihIdgLmrg-00042-00010332-00010517 other videos because there's bigger and
+vnihIdgLmrg-00043-00010518-00010787 better things to come with let's retired
+vnihIdgLmrg-00044-00010788-00011051 and living the dream in Thailand
+vnihIdgLmrg-00045-00011052-00011255 so I'll catch you on the live stream on
+vnihIdgLmrg-00046-00011256-00011603 Sunday the 5th 4 P.M Thai Time 9 A.M
+vnihIdgLmrg-00047-00011604-00011771 English time
+vnihIdgLmrg-00048-00011772-00012025 bye for now
+wow-Dm75r8U-00000-00000064-00000272 Meet the Robinsons refers to three
+wow-Dm75r8U-00001-00000273-00000498 different video games based on a film by
+wow-Dm75r8U-00002-00000499-00001062 the same name
+wow-Dm75r8U-00003-00001063-00001612 topic console version
+wow-Dm75r8U-00004-00001613-00001962 you
+wow-Dm75r8U-00005-00001963-00002463 topic storyline
+wow-Dm75r8U-00006-00002464-00002691 the game begins with Wilbert doing some
+wow-Dm75r8U-00007-00002692-00002892 time-traveling of his own risking both
+wow-Dm75r8U-00008-00002893-00003066 his safety and the timestream in the
+wow-Dm75r8U-00009-00003067-00003345 process despite his father's warning not
+wow-Dm75r8U-00010-00003346-00003531 to mess with the time machine while he's
+wow-Dm75r8U-00011-00003532-00003735 away on a business trip Wilbur doesn't
+wow-Dm75r8U-00012-00003736-00004026 seem fazed soon the second time machine
+wow-Dm75r8U-00013-00004027-00004209 is stolen by the bowler hat guy in
+wow-Dm75r8U-00014-00004210-00004386 Wilbur ends up following him into the
+wow-Dm75r8U-00015-00004387-00004620 past it is here where Wilbur
+wow-Dm75r8U-00016-00004621-00004818 accidentally knocks down Stanley and
+wow-Dm75r8U-00017-00004819-00005010 Lizzy disrupting the timestream in the
+wow-Dm75r8U-00018-00005011-00005289 process with their projects ruined and
+wow-Dm75r8U-00019-00005290-00005469 their dreams crushed an alternate future
+wow-Dm75r8U-00020-00005470-00005820 develops Carl immediately calls Wilbur
+wow-Dm75r8U-00021-00005821-00006012 back to the future realizing that their
+wow-Dm75r8U-00022-00006013-00006204 world is now under the dangerous control
+wow-Dm75r8U-00023-00006205-00006489 of emperor stanley in queen lizzy it is
+wow-Dm75r8U-00024-00006490-00006663 up to Wilbur to fix the timestream
+wow-Dm75r8U-00025-00006664-00006848 before he can go back to pursue the
+wow-Dm75r8U-00026-00006850-00007038 bowler hat guy events which leads
+wow-Dm75r8U-00027-00007039-00007196 straight up to Wilbur's entrance in the
+wow-Dm75r8U-00028-00007197-00007709 movie
+wow-Dm75r8U-00029-00007709-00008200 topic gameplay
+wow-Dm75r8U-00030-00008201-00008428 the game follows Wilbur through 40
+wow-Dm75r8U-00031-00008429-00008665 missions and six different locales a few
+wow-Dm75r8U-00032-00008666-00008844 of which are revisited in the movie
+wow-Dm75r8U-00033-00008845-00009064 secret blueprints allowed the player to
+wow-Dm75r8U-00034-00009065-00009415 build different cheats and extras using
+wow-Dm75r8U-00035-00009416-00009703 Cornelius Robinson's transmogrifier this
+wow-Dm75r8U-00036-00009704-00009901 machine creates items using base
+wow-Dm75r8U-00037-00009902-00010105 components which Wilbur collects during
+wow-Dm75r8U-00038-00010106-00010351 his adventure a breakout like game
+wow-Dm75r8U-00039-00010352-00010552 called charge ball as both featured in
+wow-Dm75r8U-00040-00010553-00010753 the game itself and as an extra gameplay
+wow-Dm75r8U-00041-00010754-00011137 option different charge ball maps can be
+wow-Dm75r8U-00042-00011138-00011308 found throughout game and it is up to
+wow-Dm75r8U-00043-00011309-00011467 Wilbur to become the charge ball
+wow-Dm75r8U-00044-00011468-00011791 champion original actors such as Wesley
+wow-Dm75r8U-00045-00011792-00011869 sindermann
+wow-Dm75r8U-00046-00011870-00012091 Harland Williams Adam West Nicole
+wow-Dm75r8U-00047-00012092-00012310 Sullivan and Steven Anderson reprised
+wow-Dm75r8U-00048-00012311-00012463 their roles for the Robinson family
+wow-Dm75r8U-00049-00012464-00012706 while Daniel Hanson Lewis doesn't appear
+wow-Dm75r8U-00050-00012707-00013000 in the game at all the locations in this
+wow-Dm75r8U-00051-00013001-00013240 game include ancient Egypt the Robinsons
+wow-Dm75r8U-00052-00013241-00013441 house the Robinsons basement Joyce
+wow-Dm75r8U-00053-00013441-00013669 Williams elementary school the alternate
+wow-Dm75r8U-00054-00013669-00014413 future magma industries and old town
+wow-Dm75r8U-00055-00014415-00015021 topic gameboy advance version
+wow-Dm75r8U-00056-00015022-00015372 you
+wow-Dm75r8U-00057-00015372-00015872 topic storyline
+wow-Dm75r8U-00058-00015874-00016128 after lewis returns to the past and
+wow-Dm75r8U-00059-00016129-00016266 prepares for his new life
+wow-Dm75r8U-00060-00016266-00016434 Wilbur arrives back home only to find
+wow-Dm75r8U-00061-00016435-00016605 that his house has been invaded by
+wow-Dm75r8U-00062-00016606-00016884 several hundred mini Doris hats he
+wow-Dm75r8U-00063-00016885-00017079 learns that many doors which Franny's
+wow-Dm75r8U-00064-00017080-00017289 frogs originally captured has made its
+wow-Dm75r8U-00065-00017290-00017478 way to Robinson industries to begin
+wow-Dm75r8U-00066-00017479-00017582 cloning herself
+wow-Dm75r8U-00067-00017583-00017865 Wilbur travels back into the past in the
+wow-Dm75r8U-00068-00017866-00018033 hopes that Lewis will be able to help
+wow-Dm75r8U-00069-00018034-00018222 him again and offer which Lewis is at
+wow-Dm75r8U-00070-00018223-00018823 first reluctant to take
+wow-Dm75r8U-00071-00018824-00019324 topic gameplay
+wow-Dm75r8U-00072-00019325-00019535 exclusively developed for the Game Boy
+wow-Dm75r8U-00073-00019536-00019622 Advance
+wow-Dm75r8U-00074-00019623-00019829 the climax entertainment game features a
+wow-Dm75r8U-00075-00019830-00020051 completely different storyline and uses
+wow-Dm75r8U-00076-00020052-00020273 a mix of side-scrolling top view and
+wow-Dm75r8U-00077-00020274-00020426 flying levels for the time machine
+wow-Dm75r8U-00078-00020427-00020714 throughout both Wilbur and Lewis are
+wow-Dm75r8U-00079-00020715-00020909 able to create and activate several
+wow-Dm75r8U-00080-00020910-00021065 different inventions by finding
+wow-Dm75r8U-00081-00021066-00021239 invention pieces throughout the levels
+wow-Dm75r8U-00082-00021240-00021542 in addition invent Co egg timers and
+wow-Dm75r8U-00083-00021543-00021683 gift boxes are hidden throughout
+wow-Dm75r8U-00084-00021684-00021863 collecting enough of these will unlock
+wow-Dm75r8U-00085-00021864-00022169 special goodies on the main menu in
+wow-Dm75r8U-00086-00022170-00022493 addition a battery meter serves as both
+wow-Dm75r8U-00087-00022494-00022706 a life gauge and a power gauge for the
+wow-Dm75r8U-00088-00022707-00023003 many different inventions the events of
+wow-Dm75r8U-00089-00023004-00023177 the game take place immediately after
+wow-Dm75r8U-00090-00023178-00023387 the movie rather than before like in the
+wow-Dm75r8U-00091-00023388-00023684 Buena Vista games version inexplicably
+wow-Dm75r8U-00092-00023685-00023849 this is also the only Meet the Robinsons
+wow-Dm75r8U-00093-00023850-00024080 game which features Lewis as a main
+wow-Dm75r8U-00094-00024081-00024302 playable character due to the
+wow-Dm75r8U-00095-00024303-00024527 limitations of the Game Boy Advance no
+wow-Dm75r8U-00096-00024528-00025163 voice acting is featured
+wow-Dm75r8U-00097-00025164-00025775 topic Nintendo DS version
+wow-Dm75r8U-00098-00025776-00025997 the Nintendo DS version as a
+wow-Dm75r8U-00099-00025998-00026201 third-person shooter with a simplified
+wow-Dm75r8U-00100-00026202-00026377 version of the console storyline
+wow-Dm75r8U-00101-00026379-00026597 borrowing familiar game elements such as
+wow-Dm75r8U-00102-00026598-00026795 the dissembler and charge glove as well
+wow-Dm75r8U-00103-00026795-00027089 as adding exclusive ones it follows the
+wow-Dm75r8U-00104-00027089-00027305 console version in four different worlds
+wow-Dm75r8U-00105-00027306-00027557 Egypt Lizzie Stanley and finally the
+wow-Dm75r8U-00106-00027558-00027794 bowler hat guys robotic hat Doris that
+wow-Dm75r8U-00107-00027795-00027983 ensures a final battle for the future
+wow-Dm75r8U-00108-00027983-00028295 the Nintendo DS version also includes
+wow-Dm75r8U-00109-00028295-00028508 charge ball as well just as the console
+wow-Dm75r8U-00110-00028508-00029051 version
+wow-Dm75r8U-00111-00029052-00029557 topic reception
+wow-Dm75r8U-00112-00029558-00030237 results of the game were mixed
+wow-Dm75r8U-00113-00030238-00030739 topic last
+wow-Dm75r8U-00114-00030741-00031088 Danny cooky as Emperor Stanley bill
+wow-Dm75r8U-00115-00031089-00031414 farmer as ice cream vendor Parker Goris
+wow-Dm75r8U-00116-00031416-00031745 as genetic kid number four Don Hall is
+wow-Dm75r8U-00117-00031745-00032144 uncle Gaston Robbie E Harrison as
+wow-Dm75r8U-00118-00032145-00032464 Wilbur's friends Tracy Miller czar Nick
+wow-Dm75r8U-00119-00032466-00032764 is Lizzy Wesley sindermann is Wilbur
+wow-Dm75r8U-00120-00032766-00032854 Robinson
+wow-Dm75r8U-00121-00032855-00033212 Alex Brooklyn Stein is girl Nicole
+wow-Dm75r8U-00122-00033213-00033536 Sullivan as Frannie Robinson Andre ware
+wow-Dm75r8U-00123-00033537-00033857 as charged ball champion Adam West as
+wow-Dm75r8U-00124-00033858-00034564 uncle art Harland Williams is Carl
+wow-Dm75r8U-00125-00034565-00035068 topic see also
+wow-Dm75r8U-00126-00035069-00035471 list of Wii games list of Nintendo DS
+wow-Dm75r8U-00127-00035472-00035717 games
+w0dxLEfihPI-00000-00000044-00000894 [Music]
+w0dxLEfihPI-00001-00000896-00002287 do
+w0dxLEfihPI-00002-00002288-00005102 do
+w0dxLEfihPI-00003-00005103-00006559 do
+w0dxLEfihPI-00004-00006559-00008255 do
+w0dxLEfihPI-00005-00008256-00008727 say
+w0dxLEfihPI-00006-00008728-00008823 all
+w0dxLEfihPI-00007-00008824-00008927 of
+w0dxLEfihPI-00008-00008928-00009087 our
+w0dxLEfihPI-00009-00009088-00009199 right
+w0dxLEfihPI-00010-00009200-00009542 yes
+w0dxLEfihPI-00011-00009543-00009735 dead
+w0dxLEfihPI-00012-00009736-00010319 that's weird
+w0dxLEfihPI-00013-00010320-00010646 oh next time
+w0dxLEfihPI-00014-00010647-00011159 let's use google
+w0dxLEfihPI-00015-00011160-00011574 i'm gonna
+w0dxLEfihPI-00016-00011575-00011919 i'm gonna unshow my
+w0dxLEfihPI-00017-00011920-00012095 i'm definitely not going to show my
+w0dxLEfihPI-00018-00012096-00013215 personal info here so um
+w0dxLEfihPI-00019-00013216-00013527 um
+w0dxLEfihPI-00020-00013528-00013719 i'm gonna be um
+w0dxLEfihPI-00021-00013719-00015863 holding
+w0dxLEfihPI-00022-00015863-00016127 i wonder why is it in thai even though i
+w0dxLEfihPI-00023-00016128-00016311 selected english
+w0dxLEfihPI-00024-00016312-00016479 does it remember my previous
+w0dxLEfihPI-00025-00016480-00016686 installation of ubuntu
+w0dxLEfihPI-00026-00016687-00016871 because i installed it one time to test
+w0dxLEfihPI-00027-00016872-00017263 it out was lagging
+w0dxLEfihPI-00028-00017264-00017527 anyway so we're back
+w0dxLEfihPI-00029-00017528-00018407 [Music]
+w0dxLEfihPI-00030-00018408-00018783 even delete my google drive files
+w0dxLEfihPI-00031-00018784-00018991 of course
+w0dxLEfihPI-00032-00018992-00019167 i'm actually going to try online
+w0dxLEfihPI-00033-00019168-00020878 learning on go-to
+w0dxLEfihPI-00034-00020879-00021071 amazing
+w0dxLEfihPI-00035-00021072-00022255 done yay
+w0dxLEfihPI-00036-00022256-00023167 uh it's going to firefox
+w0dxLEfihPI-00037-00023168-00023503 next
+w0dxLEfihPI-00038-00023504-00024135 oh
+w0dxLEfihPI-00039-00024136-00024758 everyone already knows
+w0dxLEfihPI-00040-00024759-00025111 of course we're doing obs studio and
+w0dxLEfihPI-00041-00025112-00026270 discord nice
+w0dxLEfihPI-00042-00026272-00026558 oh hey remembered
+w0dxLEfihPI-00043-00026560-00026670 yep
+w0dxLEfihPI-00044-00026672-00026831 this is how i
+w0dxLEfihPI-00045-00026832-00027151 brought
+w0dxLEfihPI-00046-00027152-00027455 so this is
+w0dxLEfihPI-00047-00027456-00027590 25
+w0dxLEfihPI-00048-00027591-00027807 and this is exactly the time on the
+w0dxLEfihPI-00049-00027808-00027958 clock
+w0dxLEfihPI-00050-00027960-00028511 so let's let show applications
+w0dxLEfihPI-00051-00028512-00029031 yep glitchy as ever
+w0dxLEfihPI-00052-00029032-00029367 i can't even go to the next one
+w0dxLEfihPI-00053-00029368-00029870 so we're gonna try to find the software
+w0dxLEfihPI-00054-00029872-00030062 and then
+w0dxLEfihPI-00055-00030063-00030327 software
+w0dxLEfihPI-00056-00030327-00030695 so um first impressions really laggy and
+w0dxLEfihPI-00057-00030695-00030918 um it doesn't show it here
+w0dxLEfihPI-00058-00030919-00031190 it shows it here
+w0dxLEfihPI-00059-00031191-00031590 and it doesn't load right away and
+w0dxLEfihPI-00060-00031591-00032070 it's using firefox
+w0dxLEfihPI-00061-00032072-00032462 and it just crashed
+w0dxLEfihPI-00062-00032463-00032727 okay so um first we're gonna get google
+w0dxLEfihPI-00063-00032727-00032983 chrome because like
+w0dxLEfihPI-00064-00032984-00033295 firefox is like the worst
+w0dxLEfihPI-00065-00033296-00033471 oh flag
+w0dxLEfihPI-00066-00033472-00033887 oh so it opens open software
+w0dxLEfihPI-00067-00033888-00034118 nice so it crashes once and then it
+w0dxLEfihPI-00068-00034119-00034318 loads
+w0dxLEfihPI-00069-00034319-00034567 wow
+w0dxLEfihPI-00070-00034568-00034943 amazing ubuntu i expected more
+w0dxLEfihPI-00071-00034944-00035167 but
+w0dxLEfihPI-00072-00035168-00035407 whatever it's um also on the virtual
+w0dxLEfihPI-00073-00035408-00035574 machine which is
+w0dxLEfihPI-00074-00035575-00035783 too bad
+w0dxLEfihPI-00075-00035784-00036095 oh so it actually shows it here also
+w0dxLEfihPI-00076-00036096-00036646 so first we're going to get um
+w0dxLEfihPI-00077-00036647-00037511 let's just look around
+w0dxLEfihPI-00078-00037512-00037727 i know that there's some good like
+w0dxLEfihPI-00079-00037728-00038007 extensions
+w0dxLEfihPI-00080-00038008-00038207 like chrome extensions but it's for your
+w0dxLEfihPI-00081-00038208-00038502 desktop
+w0dxLEfihPI-00082-00038503-00038862 i know there's some good ones out there
+w0dxLEfihPI-00083-00038863-00039207 we're not gonna go too much into it but
+w0dxLEfihPI-00084-00039208-00039527 yeah let's go see what we have
+w0dxLEfihPI-00085-00039528-00039662 ah
+w0dxLEfihPI-00086-00039663-00040151 so my potato is done loading
+w0dxLEfihPI-00087-00040152-00041574 it's also because i'm running obs
+w0dxLEfihPI-00088-00041575-00042902 do
+w0dxLEfihPI-00089-00042903-00045639 do
+w0dxLEfihPI-00090-00045640-00046958 do
+w0dxLEfihPI-00091-00046959-00048430 do
+w0dxLEfihPI-00092-00048431-00049879 do
+w0dxLEfihPI-00093-00049880-00052124 do
+w0dxLEfihPI-00094-00052125-00054342 [Music]
+w0dxLEfihPI-00095-00054344-00054679 so first impressions again
+w0dxLEfihPI-00096-00054679-00056142 i'm going to go english
+w0dxLEfihPI-00097-00056144-00056791 i'm not going to show my password
+w0dxLEfihPI-00098-00056791-00057038 is my capsule
+w0dxLEfihPI-00099-00057039-00057166 oh
+w0dxLEfihPI-00100-00057167-00057391 yay
+w0dxLEfihPI-00101-00057391-00057654 yes i'm in
+w0dxLEfihPI-00102-00057655-00057879 so um
+w0dxLEfihPI-00103-00057879-00058054 now we go to
+w0dxLEfihPI-00104-00058055-00059566 add another account
+w0dxLEfihPI-00105-00059567-00059942 that's creepy
+w0dxLEfihPI-00106-00059944-00060519 it even knows my password for god's sake
+w0dxLEfihPI-00107-00060520-00061471 that just makes it much easier
+w0dxLEfihPI-00108-00061472-00061679 no thanks
+w0dxLEfihPI-00109-00061679-00062023 so first we're gonna pin this so
+w0dxLEfihPI-00110-00062024-00062263 i don't know why i'm clapping my hands
+w0dxLEfihPI-00111-00062264-00062471 in the middle of the night but here we
+w0dxLEfihPI-00112-00062472-00062591 are
+w0dxLEfihPI-00113-00062591-00062942 the one two
+w0dxLEfihPI-00114-00062944-00063294 you owe one you one
+w0dxLEfihPI-00115-00063295-00063623 not your own
+w0dxLEfihPI-00116-00063624-00064335 okay not too shabby
+w0dxLEfihPI-00117-00064336-00065479 classroom
+w0dxLEfihPI-00118-00065479-00065799 yay all my classes are here
+w0dxLEfihPI-00119-00065800-00065999 i don't know why i'm even surprised it's
+w0dxLEfihPI-00120-00066000-00066199 just basic stuff
+w0dxLEfihPI-00121-00066200-00066694 but i need to use the slider
+w0dxLEfihPI-00122-00066695-00067015 bro i still have my old class
+w0dxLEfihPI-00123-00067016-00067279 from grade four
+w0dxLEfihPI-00124-00067280-00067726 okay next let's check out youtube
+w0dxLEfihPI-00125-00067727-00068031 all it also hides it i'm gonna turn that
+w0dxLEfihPI-00126-00068032-00068415 off later let me find some options
+w0dxLEfihPI-00127-00068416-00068935 i got some blah yes
+w0dxLEfihPI-00128-00068936-00069303 okay so um
+w0dxLEfihPI-00129-00069304-00070767 now we go through more pain
+w0dxLEfihPI-00130-00070768-00070959 oh wait no we're not gonna download
+w0dxLEfihPI-00131-00070960-00071191 blender
+w0dxLEfihPI-00132-00071192-00071471 google
+w0dxLEfihPI-00133-00071472-00071662 we're just going to go to google meet as
+w0dxLEfihPI-00134-00071663-00071959 a test
+w0dxLEfihPI-00135-00071960-00072215 oh no no wrong
+w0dxLEfihPI-00136-00072216-00072575 i'm not using google workspace we're uh
+w0dxLEfihPI-00137-00072576-00072882 not going to use school workspace
+w0dxLEfihPI-00138-00072883-00073406 suggestions scroll down to meet google
+w0dxLEfihPI-00139-00073407-00073703 there's usually a workplace version but
+w0dxLEfihPI-00141-00077144-00077382 i bought wow camera
+w0dxLEfihPI-00142-00077383-00077647 does my camera work
+w0dxLEfihPI-00143-00077648-00077919 hello hello hello one two three one two
+w0dxLEfihPI-00144-00077920-00078038 three
+w0dxLEfihPI-00145-00078039-00078519 hello hello one two three one two three
+w0dxLEfihPI-00146-00078520-00078831 hello hello hello hello
+w0dxLEfihPI-00147-00078832-00079223 hello
+w0dxLEfihPI-00148-00079224-00080606 my grooming doesn't seem to be working
+w0dxLEfihPI-00149-00080607-00082159 do
+w0dxLEfihPI-00150-00082160-00083479 do
+w0dxLEfihPI-00151-00083480-00084838 do
+w0dxLEfihPI-00152-00084839-00086375 do
+w0dxLEfihPI-00153-00086376-00087718 do
+w0dxLEfihPI-00154-00087719-00089079 do
+w0dxLEfihPI-00156-00094736-00095903 do
+w0dxLEfihPI-00157-00095904-00096391 gmail.com
+w0dxLEfihPI-00158-00096392-00096918 we're going to send an email to
+w0dxLEfihPI-00159-00096919-00097806 go
+w0dxLEfihPI-00160-00097807-00098079 ping studio uh if you didn't know you
+w0dxLEfihPI-00161-00098080-00098271 could actually send an email to pink
+w0dxLEfihPI-00162-00098272-00098799 studio now
+w0dxLEfihPI-00163-00098800-00099047 so i'll show you how if you wanna you
+w0dxLEfihPI-00164-00099048-00099479 know pop a piece video
+w0dxLEfihPI-00165-00099480-00099806 pink studio is just my studio so i'm
+w0dxLEfihPI-00166-00099807-00100238 gonna be the one responding
+w0dxLEfihPI-00167-00100239-00100518 okay
+w0dxLEfihPI-00168-00100519-00100950 i don't want no desktop
+w0dxLEfihPI-00169-00100951-00102111 i should upload though
+w0dxLEfihPI-00170-00102112-00103510 gmail.com
+w0dxLEfihPI-00171-00103511-00106271 oh
+w0dxLEfihPI-00172-00106272-00106551 send
+w0dxLEfihPI-00173-00106552-00106799 we're gonna go look at it from our side
+w0dxLEfihPI-00174-00106800-00107727 okay king studio
+w0dxLEfihPI-00175-00107728-00107919 i'm just gonna load basic
+w0dxLEfihPI-00176-00107920-00108295 now
+w0dxLEfihPI-00177-00108296-00108719 ah how do i go okay
+w0dxLEfihPI-00178-00108720-00109399 no not bad
+w0dxLEfihPI-00179-00109400-00109647 i don't know how the future counts
+w0dxLEfihPI-00180-00109648-00109910 that's so embarrassing though
+w0dxLEfihPI-00181-00109911-00110143 okay so please video
+w0dxLEfihPI-00182-00110144-00110390 quick quick top truck we gotta go soon
+w0dxLEfihPI-00183-00110391-00110583 before my storage runs out because of
+w0dxLEfihPI-00184-00110583-00113351 this recall my god
+w0dxLEfihPI-00185-00113352-00113483 and bottle
+w0dxLEfihPI-00186-00113483-00113751 elements um
+w0dxLEfihPI-00187-00113752-00114023 i use enviro elements just now because
+w0dxLEfihPI-00188-00114024-00114583 welcome
+w0dxLEfihPI-00189-00114583-00114807 no
+w0dxLEfihPI-00190-00114808-00115031 stupid
+w0dxLEfihPI-00191-00115032-00115286 anyways um
+w0dxLEfihPI-00192-00115288-00115510 it's half nine rule
+w0dxLEfihPI-00193-00115511-00115734 okay let's get back
+w0dxLEfihPI-00194-00115735-00116134 so we did it
+w0dxLEfihPI-00195-00116135-00117478 so our task line is done
+w0dxLEfihPI-00196-00117479-00117710 i'm running it off of vm so it makes
+w0dxLEfihPI-00197-00117711-00117927 sense that it doesn't work
+w0dxLEfihPI-00198-00117928-00118158 but at the same time it doesn't make
+w0dxLEfihPI-00199-00118159-00119927 sense
+w0dxLEfihPI-00200-00119928-00121263 do
+w0dxLEfihPI-00201-00121264-00122607 do
+w0dxLEfihPI-00202-00122608-00124158 yes
+w0dxLEfihPI-00203-00124159-00124463 in documents
+w0dxLEfihPI-00204-00124464-00124790 of course everything fancy documents but
+w0dxLEfihPI-00205-00124791-00125190 i usually save everything to my
+w0dxLEfihPI-00206-00125191-00126271 pictures folder
+w0dxLEfihPI-00207-00126272-00126351 hey
+w0dxLEfihPI-00208-00126352-00126783 so that concludes uh
+w0dxLEfihPI-00209-00126783-00126966 you know ubuntu
+w0dxLEfihPI-00210-00126967-00127119 yep
+w0dxLEfihPI-00211-00127120-00127543 i'm gonna start screaming
+w0dxLEfihPI-00212-00127544-00128654 oh eight comments now nice
+w0dxLEfihPI-00213-00128655-00129011 well bye
+w2o2kb1x2Nc-00000-00000048-00000262 what's up everybody this is anik the fit
+w2o2kb1x2Nc-00001-00000263-00000318 boy
+w2o2kb1x2Nc-00002-00000319-00000559 and today we are standing on lal foot
+w2o2kb1x2Nc-00003-00000560-00000695 ginghali park so guys
+w2o2kb1x2Nc-00004-00000696-00000902 we want to make a funny video for you
+w2o2kb1x2Nc-00005-00000903-00001079 and uh all feedback team
+w2o2kb1x2Nc-00006-00001080-00001391 are here by one a challenge for them so
+w2o2kb1x2Nc-00007-00001392-00001470 let's go guys
+w2o2kb1x2Nc-00008-00001471-00001630 and let me show you the selling okay
+w2o2kb1x2Nc-00009-00001632-00001871 guys fast track is fast so firstly
+w2o2kb1x2Nc-00010-00001872-00002118 you have to do this and if you miss this
+w2o2kb1x2Nc-00011-00002119-00002287 then you will give a vr
+w2o2kb1x2Nc-00012-00002288-00002534 from the feedback okay so guys first we
+w2o2kb1x2Nc-00013-00002535-00002615 should show up
+w2o2kb1x2Nc-00014-00002616-00002855 my boy come on and take this challenge
+w2o2kb1x2Nc-00015-00002856-00002999 okay let's go wife
+w2o2kb1x2Nc-00016-00003000-00003177 let's go kill it
+w2o2kb1x2Nc-00017-00003178-00003375 [Music]
+w2o2kb1x2Nc-00018-00003376-00003863 okay guys fail so keep that
+w2o2kb1x2Nc-00019-00003864-00005385 okay guys yeah okay
+w2o2kb1x2Nc-00020-00005386-00005683 [Music]
+w2o2kb1x2Nc-00021-00005684-00006678 okay
+w2o2kb1x2Nc-00022-00006679-00007070 oh no yes yes yes
+w2o2kb1x2Nc-00023-00007072-00008483 punch
+w2o2kb1x2Nc-00024-00008484-00009883 please
+w2o2kb1x2Nc-00025-00009884-00010388 okay
+w2o2kb1x2Nc-00026-00010389-00011283 [Music]
+w2o2kb1x2Nc-00027-00011284-00012683 yes
+w2o2kb1x2Nc-00028-00012684-00012991 yes you can one two
+w2o2kb1x2Nc-00029-00012991-00013311 three three right
+w2o2kb1x2Nc-00030-00013312-00013703 four five
+w2o2kb1x2Nc-00031-00013704-00014429 six seven
+w2o2kb1x2Nc-00032-00014430-00015343 [Music]
+w2o2kb1x2Nc-00033-00015344-00016883 okay nick
+w2o2kb1x2Nc-00034-00016884-00017006 okay
+w2o2kb1x2Nc-00035-00017007-00017353 [Music]
+w2o2kb1x2Nc-00036-00017354-00019671 [Applause]
+w2o2kb1x2Nc-00037-00019672-00020910 let's go
+w2o2kb1x2Nc-00038-00020911-00021119 [Music]
+w2o2kb1x2Nc-00039-00021120-00021408 come on
+w2o2kb1x2Nc-00040-00021409-00021639 [Music]
+w2o2kb1x2Nc-00041-00021640-00021901 okay
+w2o2kb1x2Nc-00042-00021902-00022207 [Applause]
+w2o2kb1x2Nc-00043-00022208-00023719 okay okay
+w2o2kb1x2Nc-00044-00023720-00025314 let's go
+w2o2kb1x2Nc-00045-00025315-00026508 [Music]
+w2o2kb1x2Nc-00046-00026508-00026683 [Music]
+w2o2kb1x2Nc-00047-00026683-00027895 okay
+w2o2kb1x2Nc-00048-00027895-00029483 [Music]
+w2o2kb1x2Nc-00049-00029483-00030494 okay
+w2o2kb1x2Nc-00050-00030495-00030883 [Music]
+w2o2kb1x2Nc-00051-00030883-00031774 is
+w2o2kb1x2Nc-00052-00031775-00033442 okay next
+w2o2kb1x2Nc-00053-00033443-00033999 [Music]
+w2o2kb1x2Nc-00054-00034000-00036311 okay let's go
+w2o2kb1x2Nc-00055-00036312-00036947 it is
+w2o2kb1x2Nc-00056-00036948-00037887 [Music]
+w2o2kb1x2Nc-00057-00037888-00038057 music
+w2o2kb1x2Nc-00058-00038058-00039283 [Music]
+w2o2kb1x2Nc-00059-00039284-00039695 foreign
+w2o2kb1x2Nc-00060-00039696-00040683 [Music]
+w2o2kb1x2Nc-00061-00040684-00042768 foreign
+w2o2kb1x2Nc-00062-00042769-00043661 [Music]
+w2o2kb1x2Nc-00063-00043662-00044255 [Music]
+w2o2kb1x2Nc-00064-00044256-00044883 [Music]
+w2o2kb1x2Nc-00065-00044884-00045255 foreign
+w2o2kb1x2Nc-00066-00045256-00045608 oh my god
+w2eBek5X_oU-00000-00000000-00000191 you want to learn the fastest way to
+w2eBek5X_oU-00001-00000192-00000555 share a photo or a contact from a phone
+w2eBek5X_oU-00002-00000556-00000829 or are you one of those non-standard
+w2eBek5X_oU-00003-00000830-00001049 phone users who doesn't use an iPhone
+w2eBek5X_oU-00004-00001050-00001283 let me share with you the best way of
+w2eBek5X_oU-00005-00001284-00001630 doing this and it's called airdrop the
+w2eBek5X_oU-00006-00001632-00001909 way you do this is you go into settings
+w2eBek5X_oU-00007-00001910-00002116 and
+w2eBek5X_oU-00008-00002117-00002447 you turn on airdrop and you ask the
+w2eBek5X_oU-00009-00002448-00002717 other user to do the same and select
+w2eBek5X_oU-00010-00002718-00002992 everyone and then all of a sudden you'll
+w2eBek5X_oU-00011-00002993-00003193 see their face or they name pop up on
+w2eBek5X_oU-00012-00003194-00003425 your phone and all you have to do is to
+w2eBek5X_oU-00013-00003426-00003659 click on metal icon and immediately
+w2eBek5X_oU-00014-00003660-00003935 their phone will pop up saying accept
+w2eBek5X_oU-00015-00003936-00004169 the photo or accept the contact and they
+w2eBek5X_oU-00016-00004170-00004376 have to just click Save once they've
+w2eBek5X_oU-00017-00004377-00004561 done that immediately it'll be on their
+w2eBek5X_oU-00018-00004562-00004919 machine remember to always turn airdrop
+w2eBek5X_oU-00019-00004920-00005143 off once you've completed this process
+w2eBek5X_oU-00020-00005144-00005452 because otherwise other people can send
+w2eBek5X_oU-00021-00005453-00005720 stuff to your phone and possibly infect
+w2eBek5X_oU-00022-00005721-00005865 it if you don't be careful
+w2eBek5X_oU-00023-00005866-00006180 [Music]
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00000-00000456-00000511 hi dave
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00001-00000512-00000655 jack here superintendent of faulkner
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00002-00000656-00000935 county schools i'm here with a
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00003-00000936-00001295 sort of a final update and a list of
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00004-00001296-00001527 a brief list of reminders for parents
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00005-00001528-00001679 and staff as we get ready to bring
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00006-00001680-00001767 students back in
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00007-00001768-00002102 on monday november 9th and also
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00008-00002103-00002599 on thursday november 12th
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00009-00002600-00002815 so first and foremost we are ready we're
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00010-00002816-00002958 excited
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00011-00002959-00003118 every one of our classrooms has been
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00012-00003119-00003367 outfitted now with a camera
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00013-00003368-00003654 we are ready to go and we're really
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00014-00003655-00003815 looking forward to having students back
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00015-00003815-00004175 in the classrooms and in our hallways
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00016-00004176-00004438 and we're really looking forward to that
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00017-00004439-00004606 it's been eight months now since we've
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00018-00004607-00004735 had students the majority of our
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00019-00004736-00004879 students in class
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00020-00004880-00005086 uh face-to-face with their teachers and
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00021-00005087-00005286 we're really looking forward to this
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00022-00005287-00005543 uh in preparation for this i wanted to
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00023-00005544-00005727 provide a few reminders
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00024-00005728-00006015 as students come back a group students
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00025-00006016-00006086 on monday b
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00026-00006087-00006414 group students on thursday
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00027-00006415-00006655 there is a complete health assessment
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00028-00006656-00006806 also known as a system
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00029-00006808-00007134 a symptoms checker available
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00030-00007136-00007523 on the reopen website which is
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00031-00007523-00007710 www.fcps1reopen.org
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00032-00007711-00007919 it's also available on the mobile app if
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00033-00007920-00008078 you have the county public
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00034-00008079-00008295 schools fcps mobile app
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00035-00008296-00008551 it's included in there that the symptoms
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00036-00008552-00008774 checklist
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00037-00008775-00008983 and also i will be emailing that
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00038-00008984-00009135 checklist sort of a hard copy
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00039-00009136-00009414 checklist uh in an email to a cut that
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00040-00009415-00009527 will accompany this
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00041-00009528-00009871 this announcement so um and our request
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00042-00009872-00010063 is is as always
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00043-00010064-00010319 please refer to that checklist staff and
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00044-00010320-00010446 students
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00045-00010447-00010751 every day if you're not feeling well
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00046-00010752-00011038 or even one of those symptoms is a
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00047-00011039-00011206 positive
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00048-00011207-00011487 on the checklist stay home keep your
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00049-00011488-00011623 child at home
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00050-00011624-00011838 uh don't send them to school sick very
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00051-00011839-00012135 very very important
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00052-00012136-00012351 next we ask that you bring your child
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00053-00012352-00012446 brings a mask
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00054-00012447-00012830 to school we will have a sort of a
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00055-00012831-00012943 finite number of
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00056-00012944-00013255 extra masks at school but it's uh
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00057-00013256-00013599 not not an exhaustive amount so please
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00058-00013600-00013807 bring send your child to school with
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00059-00013808-00013927 with the mask
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00060-00013928-00014166 very important and that that means when
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00061-00014168-00014255 they get on the bus
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00062-00014256-00014583 if they ride the bus uh that they're
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00063-00014584-00014694 wearing their masks
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00064-00014695-00014983 until they get off the bus at the end of
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00065-00014984-00015086 the school day
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00066-00015087-00015430 um suggestions from staff or
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00067-00015431-00015838 uh bring a refillable water bottle
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00068-00015840-00016119 we are in the process of installing the
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00069-00016119-00016255 touch free
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00070-00016256-00016439 water fountains but we don't have them
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00071-00016440-00016679 installed yet
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00072-00016680-00016886 so once we get them installed we'll let
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00073-00016887-00017103 you know but in the meantime
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00074-00017104-00017358 if you can please we suggest that you
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00075-00017359-00017527 send a refillable water bottle with your
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00076-00017528-00017694 child to school
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00077-00017695-00018039 and also an extra mask again we we we
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00078-00018040-00018263 have a finite amount of masks
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00079-00018264-00018471 to give to students if they need them
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00080-00018472-00018767 but uh it is it is a finite number so if
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00081-00018768-00018822 you can
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00082-00018823-00019022 send an extra mass to your child that
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00083-00019023-00019158 would be great
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00084-00019159-00019422 uh next thing some things to be aware of
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00085-00019423-00019607 in terms of hiccups anytime you start
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00086-00019608-00019830 school for the first time uh
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00087-00019831-00020079 whether it be fall or november 9th there
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00088-00020080-00020230 are going to be hiccups and there's a
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00089-00020231-00020439 couple that are specific to
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00090-00020440-00020622 the way we're opening now that i need to
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00091-00020623-00020743 make you aware of
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00092-00020744-00021047 one is this we've had to combine
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00093-00021048-00021430 some bus routes 14 routes to be
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00094-00021431-00021743 exact and that is as a result of having
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00095-00021744-00022086 a shortage well two things one
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00096-00022087-00022319 has a shortage of drivers and two having
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00097-00022320-00022527 some routes with very very few students
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00098-00022528-00022719 on them so as a result of those two
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00099-00022720-00022878 things we were able to combine 14
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00100-00022879-00023158 different routes
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00101-00023159-00023414 we also have a very large number of
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00102-00023415-00023494 parents who
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00103-00023495-00023855 have agreed graciously to drive transfer
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00104-00023856-00024022 their kids to school
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00105-00024023-00024247 and so what do those two things mean one
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00106-00024248-00024407 it means we may have some
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00107-00024408-00024614 some hiccups in the first few days with
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00108-00024615-00024807 uh some of the routes in terms of the
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00109-00024808-00024950 rats being maybe a little bit longer
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00110-00024951-00025086 than normal
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00111-00025087-00025207 and two it means that we're going to
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00112-00025208-00025383 have some traffic issues at some of our
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00113-00025384-00025527 schools
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00114-00025528-00025687 but we don't know what we know we know
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00115-00025688-00025887 until we know it and so we're going to
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00116-00025888-00026062 have to monitor that as we
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00117-00026063-00026335 come back on the 9th and it may mean
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00118-00026336-00026462 that later on
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00119-00026463-00026607 after a week or so that we make some
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00120-00026608-00026807 slight adjustments to start times
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00121-00026808-00027062 based on the volume of traffic and drop
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00122-00027063-00027143 off
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00123-00027144-00027446 and pick up that's a possibility but
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00124-00027447-00027607 it's something to be aware of that there
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00125-00027608-00027799 will be more traffic congestion
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00126-00027800-00027983 just by virtue of the fact that be a lot
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00127-00027983-00028158 more parents driving kids to school and
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00128-00028160-00028318 dropping them off and then picking them
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00129-00028319-00028407 up
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00130-00028408-00028662 and uh and then the bus issue which i
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00131-00028663-00028799 mentioned that could result in some
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00132-00028800-00028974 longer bus routes
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00133-00028975-00029390 uh and the second uh potential hiccup
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00134-00029391-00029607 we we as we've stated all along we're
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00135-00029608-00029743 going to be monitoring
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00136-00029744-00030070 each day uh the situation will be in
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00137-00030072-00030302 constant contact with the vdh
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00138-00030303-00030551 who's represented here by our local
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00139-00030552-00030662 epidemiologist
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00140-00030663-00031031 and and dr wade karchner um
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00141-00031032-00031223 and i just want parents to be reminded
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00142-00031224-00031479 that it closures the possibility of
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00143-00031480-00031623 closures
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00144-00031624-00031935 and on short notice is real and that's
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00145-00031936-00032102 something that we encourage you to plan
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00146-00032103-00032311 for so it is possible that
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00147-00032312-00032558 in short notice we you receive a phone
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00148-00032560-00032735 call perhaps from your school or for me
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00149-00032736-00032895 or from someone else
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00150-00032896-00033207 stating that um school will be closed or
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00151-00033208-00033271 or
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00152-00033272-00033551 a classroom will be have to be shut down
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00153-00033552-00033623 for
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00154-00033624-00033911 a period of time we just we ask for your
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00155-00033912-00034102 flexibility and patience because that
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00156-00034103-00034295 that is likely to happen
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00157-00034296-00034471 i can tell you in monitoring uh
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00158-00034472-00034662 surrounding school divisions
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00159-00034663-00034887 who are are taking the same approach we
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00160-00034888-00035071 are that they are dealing with that very
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00161-00035072-00035143 thing
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00162-00035144-00035359 and so we ask that you be prepared for
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00163-00035360-00035639 that it's a possibility
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00164-00035640-00035830 what we're looking at is about a 24-hour
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00165-00035831-00035959 turnaround then
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00166-00035960-00036135 if we're going from hybrid to all
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00167-00036136-00036335 virtual we're going to need about 24
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00168-00036336-00036574 hours to prep get ready teachers ready
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00169-00036575-00036774 and that's it we will be ready to go
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00170-00036775-00036895 back virtual
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00171-00036896-00037255 uh around 24 hours um last but not least
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00172-00037256-00037455 as far as potential hookups
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00173-00037456-00037662 technology technology seems to always
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00174-00037663-00037823 have its share of hiccups
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00175-00037824-00038102 um and when we're streaming in that many
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00176-00038103-00038199 classrooms we've
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00177-00038200-00038446 we've run tests to determine uh if
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00178-00038447-00038535 there's any uh
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00179-00038536-00038751 significant impact on our ability to
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00180-00038752-00038839 stream
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00181-00038840-00039062 out of a classroom or into a classroom
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00182-00039063-00039295 based on that volume of devices
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00183-00039296-00039511 and and we've those tests have been
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00184-00039512-00039623 successful
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00185-00039624-00039927 but you and i both know what technology
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00186-00039928-00039983 is like
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00187-00039984-00040246 and so we do expect there'll be some
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00188-00040247-00040407 issues there always are we ask for your
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00189-00040408-00040630 patience we ask for your flexibility
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00190-00040631-00040887 we do it we do not expect march excuse
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00191-00040888-00041087 me november 9th to roll around
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00192-00041088-00041279 and it'd be absolutely perfect we do
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00193-00041280-00041471 expect there to be some hiccups
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00194-00041472-00041623 just as we would the beginning of any
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00195-00041624-00041862 school year and so we ask that you work
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00196-00041863-00041999 with us this is a unique school year of
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00197-00042000-00042095 course
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00198-00042096-00042327 but we ask for your patience but we are
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00199-00042328-00042462 very excited i can tell you for me
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00200-00042463-00042543 personally
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00201-00042544-00042830 very very excited to get kids back into
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00202-00042831-00042990 our into our buildings
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00203-00042991-00043311 um personal thank you
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00204-00043312-00043471 to everyone parents staff for your
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00205-00043472-00043671 patients students your patients your
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00206-00043672-00043830 flexibility your understanding and your
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00207-00043831-00043895 grace
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00208-00043896-00044135 been greatly appreciated and i'm looking
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00209-00044136-00044215 forward to having
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00210-00044216-00044374 an outstanding second half of the
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00211-00044375-00044574 semester so thanks very much and we'll
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00212-00044575-00045111 talk again soon
+w3F8Pz_fcvI-00213-00045112-00045319 you
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00000-00000026-00000332 Friday the 13th the game is a survival
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00001-00000333-00000548 horror video game formerly developed by
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00002-00000549-00000833 L phonic and published by gun media it
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00003-00000834-00001019 is based on the film franchise of the
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00004-00001019-00001385 same name it was released on May 26 2017
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00005-00001386-00001591 as a digital release and later released
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00006-00001592-00001916 on October 13 2017 as a physical release
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00007-00001917-00002183 for Microsoft Windows PlayStation 4 and
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00008-00002184-00002509 Xbox one the game is an asymmetrical
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00009-00002510-00002701 multiplayer game pitting up to seven
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00010-00002702-00002875 players controlling Camp Crystal Lake
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00011-00002876-00003043 counselors against one player
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00012-00003044-00003353 controlling Jason Voorhees it is a semi
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00013-00003354-00003556 open-world game with players able to
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00014-00003557-00004161 explore it further
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00015-00004162-00004869 topic gameplay Friday the 13th the game
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00016-00004870-00005052 is a semi open-world third-person
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00017-00005053-00005262 survival horror game set throughout the
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00018-00005263-00005526 1980s in a variety of locations in and
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00019-00005527-00005691 around the fictional Camp Crystal Lake
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00020-00005692-00006029 from the Friday the 13th franchise the
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00021-00006030-00006216 game is an asymmetrical multiplayer
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00022-00006217-00006422 video game with up to 8 people able to
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00023-00006423-00006717 play in one game session one player is
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00024-00006718-00006920 randomly selected to control Jason
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00025-00006922-00007106 Voorhees whose objective as to kill as
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00026-00007108-00007326 many counselors as possible before time
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00027-00007327-00007404 runs out
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00028-00007405-00007668 playing as Jason grants special time
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00029-00007669-00007851 restricted abilities including being
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00030-00007852-00008063 able to sense nearby counselors and to
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00031-00008064-00008292 teleport anywhere on the map the
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00032-00008293-00008493 remaining players control the counselors
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00033-00008494-00008696 who contemporary stunned Jason using
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00034-00008697-00008901 firecrackers and bear traps as well as
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00035-00008902-00009093 the various projectile and melee based
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00036-00009094-00009243 weapons that are found throughout the
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00037-00009244-00009498 map the main objective of playing as a
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00038-00009499-00009702 counselor is to escape the map alive
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00039-00009703-00009870 which can be done more quickly by
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00040-00009871-00010085 completing the map side objectives which
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00041-00010086-00010290 are easier to complete when coordinating
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00042-00010291-00010434 with other players that will allow
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00043-00010435-00010659 counselors to escape or to survive long
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00044-00010660-00010833 enough until time runs out on the
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00045-00010834-00011037 session Jason may also be defeated
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00046-00011038-00011334 within epic win condition that requires
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00047-00011335-00011519 both teamwork and planning and is
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00048-00011520-00011787 difficult to perform a player may also
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00049-00011788-00011994 control Tommy Jarvis who becomes
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00050-00011995-00012183 playable when certain conditions are met
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00051-00012184-00012377 although the game was originally planned
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00052-00012378-00012576 to be multiplayer only a single-player
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00053-00012577-00012788 mode via an update was announced for a
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00054-00012789-00013041 summer 2017 release despite the stretch
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00055-00013041-00013335 goal for 1.6 to 5 million dollars to
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00056-00013336-00013583 unlock it not being reached the mode
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00057-00013584-00013797 will consist of objective based missions
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00058-00013797-00013935 that will allow the player to take
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00059-00013936-00014147 control of Jason against offline camp
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00060-00014149-00014421 counselor bots some of the missions will
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00061-00014422-00014604 be adaptations of the film's while
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00062-00014605-00014838 others are original scenarios on October
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00063-00014838-00015174 27 2017 Gunn released a trailer teasing
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00064-00015175-00015491 a new game mode called paranoia however
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00065-00015493-00015753 on February 1st 2018 it was announced
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00066-00015754-00015972 that development on paranoia mode would
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00067-00015972-00016169 be put on hold in order to focus on the
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00068-00016170-00016818 new dedicated servers feature
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00069-00016819-00017478 topic settings five primary maps are
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00070-00017479-00017652 available each of which are based on
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00071-00017653-00017865 locations from the first five films and
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00072-00017866-00018057 each set concurrent with the film's time
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00073-00018058-00018357 periods matches may take place at Camp
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00074-00018358-00018537 Crystal Lake the setting of the first
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00075-00018538-00018846 film in 1979 packing a collage the
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00076-00018847-00019092 setting of the second film in 1984
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00077-00019093-00019281 Higgins Haven the setting of the third
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00078-00019282-00019572 film in 1984 the Jarvis house the
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00079-00019573-00019833 setting of the fourth film in 1984 and
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00080-00019834-00020028 Pinehurst the setting of the fifth film
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00081-00020029-00020286 in 1986 Camp Crystal Lake
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00082-00020287-00020493 Higgins Haven and Pat connect Lodge were
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00083-00020494-00020652 the original available Maps
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00084-00020653-00020823 while the Jarvis house and Pinehurst
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00085-00020824-00021093 were made available in October 2017 in
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00086-00021094-00021815 January 2018 respectively
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00087-00021816-00022342 topic characters
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00088-00022343-00022591 the games primary killer as jason
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00089-00022592-00022771 voorhees the series most recurring
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00090-00022772-00023038 antagonist nine different versions of
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00091-00023039-00023208 Jason are playable based on his
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00092-00023209-00023536 appearances from the 2nd 3rd 4th 6th 7th
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00093-00023537-00023797 8th and 9th films the NES game and
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00094-00023798-00024028 makeup artist Tom Savini zone Jason
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00095-00024029-00024238 created exclusively for backers of the
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00096-00024239-00024514 game each Jason has his own strengths
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00097-00024515-00024672 and weaknesses and many also have
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00098-00024673-00024949 different weapons additionally players
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00099-00024950-00025153 have the option of selecting Roy burns
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00100-00025154-00025392 the Jason copycat killer from the fifth
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00101-00025393-00025647 film there are 14 playable counselors in
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00102-00025648-00025792 the game each of whom have their own
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00103-00025793-00026043 strengths and weaknesses original
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00104-00026044-00026271 counselors created for the gamer AJ
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00105-00026272-00026611 Mason Marisha Rae Adam Palomino Robbie
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00106-00026612-00027031 Damon Brandon Bugsy Wilson Zeno Robinson
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00107-00027032-00027274 Chad Kensington Benjamin diskin Deborah
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00108-00027275-00027661 Kim Kristina V Eric J AR lit choppa
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00109-00027662-00027910 Benjamin Diskin Jenny Meyers Christina
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00110-00027911-00028117 cleaved Kenny riedle Robbie Daymond
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00111-00028118-00028354 Mitch floyd kirk thornton tiffany cox
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00112-00028355-00028654 cherami leigh vanessa jones novum crumby
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00113-00028655-00028971 and victoria sterling Allegra Clark from
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00114-00028972-00029139 the film's are part three characters
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00115-00029141-00029443 Sheldon Shelley Finkelstein Larry's
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00116-00029444-00029670 earner and Fox Gloria Charles whose
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00117-00029672-00029862 likeness was permitted by the estate of
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00118-00029863-00030052 the late Gloria Charles who portrayed
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00119-00030052-00030292 Foxx in the film also playable as Tommy
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00120-00030293-00030552 Jarvis Tom Matthews the protagonist of
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00121-00030553-00030757 the fourth fifth and sixth films who
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00122-00030758-00030958 assists the counselors when contacted
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00123-00030958-00031267 from a randomly placed CB radio he is
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00124-00031268-00031470 controlled by a randomly selected player
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00125-00031472-00031665 on the counselors side whose previous
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00126-00031666-00031849 character was either killed or escaped
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00127-00031850-00032149 in addition to having perfect statistics
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00128-00032150-00032299 and being immediately equipped with a
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00129-00032300-00032542 shotgun pocketknife and first-aid spray
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00130-00032543-00032767 Tommy is the only character capable of
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00131-00032768-00033160 killing Jason topic development after
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00132-00033161-00033412 ill phonics polarised 2012 remake of
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00133-00033413-00033633 nexuiz and gun media's breach and clear
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00134-00033634-00033933 deadline in 2015 Elle phonic went to
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00135-00033934-00034189 work on a game titled slasher vol 1
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00136-00034190-00034402 summer camp with little details on its
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00137-00034403-00034606 release date with gun in which the story
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00138-00034607-00034804 took place in camp forest green
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00139-00034805-00035064 Friday the 13th director Sean s
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00140-00035065-00035226 Cunningham was in talks about an
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00141-00035227-00035410 upcoming game based on Friday the 13th
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00142-00035411-00035731 with gun it is also the first video
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00143-00035732-00035905 game L chthonic has developed with
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00144-00035906-00036082 Unreal Engine for departing from
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00145-00036083-00036253 CryEngine after the announcement of
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00146-00036254-00036622 projected Venna Sean s Cunningham came
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00147-00036623-00036847 to us in early 2015 but we quickly
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00148-00036848-00037018 discovered these weren't the normal
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00149-00037019-00037180 business conversations you would have
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00150-00037181-00037345 when you tried to secure a license as
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00151-00037346-00037618 important as Friday the 13th it was
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00152-00037619-00037813 totally different it was a conversation
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00153-00037814-00038041 built on mutual admiration and respect
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00154-00038042-00038284 for what each had created Sean
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00155-00038285-00038485 immediately noticed the passion we had
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00156-00038486-00038692 for Friday the 13th and after several
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00157-00038693-00038893 incredible meetings over the next few
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00158-00038894-00039097 months we decided to upgrade our plans
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00159-00039098-00039286 for summer camp and embrace the Friday
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00160-00039287-00039586 the 13th video game license after
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00161-00039587-00039760 several incredible meetings over the
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00162-00039761-00039856 next few months
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00163-00039857-00040060 Sean surprised us by offering the Friday
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00164-00040061-00040393 the 13th video game license executive
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00165-00040394-00040603 director and producer Randy greenback
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00166-00040604-00040771 organized both a Kickstarter campaign
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00167-00040772-00041005 and a backer cat campaign to fund the
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00168-00041006-00041527 games development overall 420 2866
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00169-00041528-00041857 dollars was raised by 18,000 68 backers
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00170-00041858-00042019 in backer cat and about eight hundred
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00171-00042020-00042250 twenty three thousand seven hundred four
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00172-00042251-00042448 dollars and 20 cents from twelve
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00173-00042449-00042607 thousand one hundred twenty-eight
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00174-00042608-00042805 backers in Kickstarter collecting about
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00175-00042806-00043072 1 million two hundred forty six thousand
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00176-00043073-00043288 five hundred seventy dollars and 20
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00177-00043289-00043492 cents from both platforms becoming the
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00178-00043493-00043738 95th most crowd funded project of all
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00179-00043739-00043789 time
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00180-00043790-00044032 on October 13th 2015 it was announced
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00181-00044033-00044221 that slasher vol 1
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00182-00044222-00044434 summer camp had evolved into Friday the
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00183-00044435-00044587 13th the game with an announcement
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00184-00044588-00044806 trailer released by gun on their YouTube
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00185-00044807-00045100 channel the same day on Halloween Harry
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00186-00045101-00045322 Manfredini uploaded a video to the gun
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00187-00045323-00045490 YouTube channel with files on his
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00188-00045491-00045697 computer monitor being partially seen
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00189-00045698-00045916 implying that he was composing music for
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00190-00045917-00046120 the game on November 4th Gunn released
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00191-00046121-00046255 fly through shots of the game's
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00192-00046256-00046405 environment while in pre-alpha
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00193-00046406-00046717 development on November 10th elf on dick
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00194-00046718-00046945 posted a video on guns YouTube channel
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00195-00046946-00047089 which highlighted testing and
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00196-00047090-00047290 development for the game including 3d
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00197-00047291-00047659 modeling for Jason on February 25th 2016
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00198-00047660-00047854 gun and L chthonic released camera
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00199-00047855-00048064 footage showing stunt coordinator Kane
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00200-00048065-00048109 Hodder
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00201-00048110-00048340 who portrays Jason with Tara Paige and
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00202-00048341-00048424 Ryan Stotts
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00203-00048425-00048610 the two actors who will play the men and
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00204-00048611-00048814 women counselors in the game performing
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00205-00048815-00049030 motion capture at digital domain
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00206-00049031-00049252 the footage shows hotter performing a
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00207-00049253-00049437 list of kill animations for the game
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00208-00049438-00049645 with rigged placeholder characters used
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00209-00049646-00049825 to track the kills and animations in
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00210-00049826-00050095 real time this was soon reloaded by
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00211-00050096-00050299 Bloody Disgusting in the same day a
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00212-00050300-00050518 developer panel for gun media and L
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00213-00050519-00050803 phonic was opened at PAX South 2016 in
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00214-00050804-00051022 January with alpha footage and a list of
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00215-00051023-00051229 kill animations with gameplay released
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00216-00051229-00051586 at e3 2016 in June on September 2nd gun
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00217-00051587-00051775 released the PAX West trailer for the
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00218-00051776-00052065 game titled 13 the trailer showcased
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00219-00052066-00052254 Jason Voorhees kill animations
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00220-00052255-00052486 specifically designed by Tom Savini
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00221-00052487-00053254 while set to 13 by crazy Li xx
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00222-00053254-00053580 topic casting
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00223-00053582-00053734 you
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00224-00053735-00053955 several actors from the Friday the 13th
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00225-00053957-00054216 films reprised their roles in the game
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00226-00054216-00054472 motion capture for Jason Voorhees and
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00227-00054473-00054691 Roy Burns was provided by Kane Hodder
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00228-00054691-00054895 who portrayed Jason in the new blood
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00229-00054896-00055051 Jason Takes Manhattan
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00230-00055052-00055309 Jason goes to hell and Jason acts and is
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00231-00055310-00055477 the only actor to play the character
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00232-00055478-00055779 more than once cast as Tommy Jarvis was
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00233-00055780-00056011 tom matthews who played Tommy and Jason
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00234-00056012-00056188 lives and the character is modeled after
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00235-00056189-00056367 Matthew's appearance in the film
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00236-00056369-00056608 Larry's earner who appeared in part
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00237-00056609-00056792 three is Sheldon Shelley
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00238-00056794-00057030 Finklestein reprised the role when the
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00239-00057032-00057187 character was added to the game in
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00240-00057188-00057502 December 2017 also featured are the
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00241-00057503-00057691 likenesses of part three actress Gloria
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00242-00057691-00057930 Charles as her character Fox and a new
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00243-00057932-00058102 beginning actor dick Weiand as his
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00244-00058103-00058402 character Roy burns the original
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00245-00058403-00058621 counselor characters were voiced by Zeno
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00246-00058622-00058929 Robinson as Brandon Bugsy Wilson
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00247-00058930-00059146 Benjamin Diskin as Chad Kensington and
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00248-00059147-00059197 Eric
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00249-00059198-00059545 jay-ar Licata Christina Vee is Deborah
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00250-00059546-00059785 Kim Cristina cleave as Jenny Myers
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00251-00059786-00060058 Marisha Rae is AJ Mason cherami Leigh as
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00252-00060059-00060283 Tiffany Cox Robbie Daymond as Adam
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00253-00060284-00060487 Palomino and Kenny Riedl and Naveen
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00254-00060488-00060739 crumby as vanessa jones the male
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00255-00060740-00060970 counselors were motion captured by ryan
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00256-00060971-00061159 stocks and the female counselors were
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00257-00061160-00061465 motion captured by tara page Jennifer
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00258-00061466-00061692 and Burton voiced Pamela Voorhees whose
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00259-00061694-00061864 voice is heard encouraging Jason's
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00260-00061865-00062004 player during the game and in a
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00261-00062005-00062646 collection of unlockable tapes
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00262-00062647-00063166 topic virtual cabin
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00263-00063167-00063509 On June 30th 2016 alone ik previewed a
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00264-00063510-00063725 3d development diary to complement
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00265-00063726-00063923 behind the scenes interviews footage and
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00266-00063924-00064141 in development stock called the virtual
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00267-00064142-00064237 cabin
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00268-00064238-00064513 besides overviews the cabin has item
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00269-00064514-00064688 rooms that house information upon
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00270-00064689-00065009 characters scenes or Easter eggs an item
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00271-00065010-00065315 room called the Jason room was unlocked
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00272-00065316-00065585 on July 18 2016 and a room containing
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00273-00065586-00065794 the main counselors was unlocked on
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00274-00065795-00066161 August 12 2016 on December 18th a
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00275-00066162-00066407 virtual cabin 2.0 was added to the main
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00276-00066408-00066671 game it features much more Easter eggs
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00277-00066672-00066872 and is at a much larger scale than the
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00278-00066873-00067112 previous cabin completing all the
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00279-00067113-00067322 challenges reveals confirmation of the
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00280-00067323-00067499 addition of uber Jason and a map
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00281-00067500-00067706 depicting the spaceship Grendel from the
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00282-00067707-00068009 film Jason X coming soon however this
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00283-00068010-00068188 was officially canceled in a statement
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00284-00068189-00068413 from gun media due to a rights lawsuit
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00285-00068414-00068638 involving Sean s Cunningham and Victor
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00286-00068639-00068768 Miller in which Gunn media
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00287-00068769-00068972 representative Wes Keltner stated is
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00288-00068973-00069143 there a chance of any content being
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00289-00069144-00069307 added to the game if a ruling on the
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00290-00069308-00069557 dispute occurs in the near future the
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00291-00069558-00069769 answer is no we can't keep building
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00292-00069770-00069932 content that may never see the light of
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00293-00069933-00070616 day that's bad business
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00294-00070617-00071145 topic soundtrack
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00295-00071146-00071376 Harry Manfredini who created the
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00296-00071377-00071541 soundtrack for the original film
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00297-00071542-00071741 composed the soundtrack of the videogame
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00298-00071742-00071988 the physical copy was to feature
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00299-00071989-00072216 original concept art from the game and
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00300-00072217-00072401 liner notes in the packaging but this
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00301-00072402-00072576 ultimately proved false during
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00302-00072577-00072768 development Gunn released two tracks
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00303-00072769-00072938 from the upcoming soundtrack which
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00304-00072939-00073188 released as hairy men Freddy me full
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00305-00073189-00073554 track oh one on November 9th 2015 and
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00306-00073555-00073854 hairy men Freddy me full track ode to on
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00307-00073855-00074190 May 14th 2016 a trailer of the game
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00308-00074191-00074460 released for PAX West 2016 featured the
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00309-00074461-00074738 theme for the game killer recorded by
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00310-00074739-00075075 crazy li XX other songs included in the
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00311-00075076-00075360 game from crazy li XX include live
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00312-00075361-00075753 before I die and 13 which can be heard
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00313-00075754-00075957 when the radio is played the popular
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00314-00075958-00076167 80's punk group the misfits are also
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00315-00076168-00076407 featured on the game soundtrack they
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00316-00076408-00076623 have one song in the game appropriately
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00317-00076624-00076917 titled Friday the 13th from their album
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00318-00076918-00077319 Friday the 13th EP released in 2016 the
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00319-00077320-00077507 song can be heard on any radio in the
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00320-00077508-00077705 game and also in the car when escaping
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00321-00077706-00077982 gun media uploaded a trailer featuring
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00322-00077983-00078637 the song during the game's development
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00323-00078638-00079140 topic release
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00324-00079141-00079349 the game was pushed back from the fall
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00325-00079350-00079562 release date multiplayer came out on May
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00326-00079563-00079890 26 2017 and the campaign was released in
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00327-00079891-00080267 q3 2017 the initial release was digital
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00328-00080268-00080501 exclusive with a physical copy published
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00329-00080502-00080861 on Friday October 13 2017 on June 11th
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00330-00080862-00081110 2018 Gun Media announced that it had
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00331-00081111-00081308 cancelled all future content updates
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00332-00081309-00081551 including DLC for the game citing a
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00333-00081552-00081740 dispute between cunningham and victor
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00334-00081741-00081947 miller over rights lawsuit and ownership
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00335-00081948-00082138 of the original film is making it
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00336-00082139-00082490 unfeasible now or in the future the
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00337-00082491-00082671 studio still plans to offer maintenance
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00338-00082672-00082919 patches Miller won the lawsuit on
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00339-00082920-00083354 September 28 2018 on September 25th 2018
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00340-00083355-00083513 it was announced that black tower
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00341-00083514-00083672 Studios would take over as the new
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00342-00083673-00084344 development partner for the game
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00343-00084345-00085049 topic reception Friday the 13th the game
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00344-00085050-00085355 received mixed or average reviews
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00345-00085356-00085511 according to review aggregator
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00346-00085512-00085781 Metacritic slightly above average or
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00347-00085782-00086021 simply inoffensive fans of the genre
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00348-00086022-00086276 should enjoy it a bit but a fair few
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00349-00086277-00086591 will be left unfulfilled was Caitlyn
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00350-00086592-00086786 Cook's conclusion on Destructoid with a
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00351-00086787-00087002 score of six point five ten James
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00352-00087003-00087215 cozened itis of game revolution gave the
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00353-00087216-00087371 game a score of four out of five stars
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00354-00087372-00087761 saying is it perfect not by a long shot
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00355-00087762-00088043 indeed you'll experience graphical bugs
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00356-00088044-00088217 and other quirks that break your
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00357-00088218-00088508 immersion but after getting into Friday
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00358-00088509-00088754 the 13th the game and I mean really
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00359-00088755-00088835 getting into it
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00360-00088836-00089075 discovering all its intricacies and more
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00361-00089076-00089324 technical aspects these problems will
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00362-00089325-00089528 seem so small as to evaporate and
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00363-00089529-00089744 balance issues you once perceived will
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00364-00089745-00090035 be corrected and what's left is a truly
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00365-00090036-00090260 unique experience unlike any other
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00366-00090261-00090497 multiplayer game you've played certainly
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00367-00090498-00090725 a cut above other asymmetrical titles
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00368-00090726-00090974 where cooperation wits and sometimes
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00369-00090975-00091163 ruthless murder are what it takes to
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00370-00091164-00091496 survive be wary of this game if only for
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00371-00091497-00091805 its propensity to hook you jason has
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00372-00091806-00092030 sunk his pickaxe into me and he's not
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00373-00092031-00092102 letting go
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00374-00092103-00092318 ensuring I will be playing Friday the
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00375-00092319-00092540 13th the game extensively for the
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00376-00092541-00092861 considerable future Peter Browns 4/10 on
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00377-00092862-00093194 GameSpot stated that these shortcomings
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00378-00093195-00093407 and ongoing server issues aren't easily
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00379-00093408-00093626 overlooked and work against what promise
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00380-00093627-00093962 Friday the 13th shows as of now a week
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00381-00093963-00094175 after lunch it's short on content and
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00382-00094176-00094412 performs poorly all around especially on
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00383-00094413-00094670 consoles the story goes that the
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00384-00094671-00094841 developers weren't prepared for amount
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00385-00094842-00095033 of people who wanted to jump on day one
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00386-00095034-00095231 but that does little to assuage players
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00387-00095232-00095390 who were convinced that they were paying
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00388-00095391-00095639 for a finished product despite showing
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00389-00095640-00095867 potential that may one day be realized
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00390-00095868-00096074 Friday the 13th comes across as an
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00391-00096075-00096218 unfinished game that shouldn't have been
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00392-00096219-00096380 released in its current state
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00393-00096381-00096671 IGN's daemon Hatfield scored the game a
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00394-00096672-00097012 six point nine ten with the consensus
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00395-00097013-00097259 lopsided gameplay and egregious bugs
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00396-00097260-00097463 almost killed the mood of Jason's murder
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00397-00097464-00097774 spree in Friday the 13th the game
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00398-00097775-00098105 75/100 swooz tyler wild score on pc
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00399-00098106-00098432 gamer with the consensus it needs more
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00400-00098433-00098669 maps but right now Friday the 13th is a
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00401-00098670-00098882 gory game of hide-and-go-seek that's fun
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00402-00098883-00098984 with funny people
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00403-00098985-00099254 Austin Gosselin's score of 4/10 on
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00404-00099255-00099578 polygon said that Friday the 13th the
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00405-00099579-00099749 game mimics the surface level of the
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00406-00099750-00099950 classic film series but misses the
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00407-00099951-00100235 spirit the game has sold 1.8 million
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00408-00100236-00100646 copies as of August 2017 despite mixed
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00409-00100647-00100883 reviews the game went on to win the best
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00410-00100884-00101108 indie game award at the 35th annual
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00411-00101109-00101342 golden joystick Awards though it was
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00412-00101343-00101660 nominated for best multiplayer game the
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00413-00101661-00101882 game was also nominated and became a
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00414-00101883-00102224 runner-up for best multiplayer at the
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00415-00102225-00102590 IGN best of 2017 Awards although it won
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00416-00102591-00102907 the 2017 People's Choice Award in
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00417-00102908-00103271 addition the game was nominated for game
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00418-00103272-00103679 design new IP end game original action
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00419-00103680-00103925 at the 17th annual national academy of
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00420-00103926-00104170 video game trade reviewers Awards
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00421-00104171-00104453 GamesRadar plus ranked the game 14th on
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00422-00104454-00104750 their list of the 25 best games of 2017
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00423-00104751-00104966 despite mixed reviews the collectible
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00424-00104967-00105158 Pamela Voorhees tapes written by Tom
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00425-00105158-00105350 McLoughlin and Tommy Jarvis tapes
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00426-00105351-00105557 written by Adam Greene earned a positive
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00427-00105558-00105755 response from fans and critics with the
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00428-00105756-00105920 latter earning the most praise with many
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00429-00105921-00106082 enjoying the easter eggs and references
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00430-00106083-00106319 greene put in tieing Tommy Jarvis into
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00431-00106320-00106619 other horror franchises the Jarvis tapes
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00432-00106620-00106823 include references to a Nightmare on Elm
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00433-00106824-00107045 Street Halloween behind the mask
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00434-00107046-00107249 the rise of Leslie Vernon Patchett and
+w4wWsU_dbOU-00435-00107250-00107477 shocker
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00000-00000048-00000311 the Kaiser Wilhelm Society for the
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00001-00000312-00000526 Advancement of science German Kaiser
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00002-00000527-00000778 Wilhelm gesellschaft serf ordering der
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+w8v-uH7mzdI-00011-00002799-00002978 umbrella organization for many
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+w8v-uH7mzdI-00014-00003429-00004009 authority
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00015-00004010-00004593 topic Constitution
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+w8v-uH7mzdI-00028-00007783-00007988 obtained from sources internal and
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+w8v-uH7mzdI-00030-00008299-00008552 raised from individuals industry and the
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00031-00008553-00008738 government as well as through the nut
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00032-00008739-00008963 Gemeinschaft der deutschen Wissenschaft
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00033-00008964-00009349 emergency Association of German science
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00034-00009350-00009609 external to germany the rockefeller
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00035-00009610-00009801 foundation granted students worldwide
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00036-00009802-00010077 one-year study stipends for whichever
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+w8v-uH7mzdI-00042-00011214-00011483 Cassell shaft had no obligation to teach
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+w8v-uH7mzdI-00045-00012031-00012221 involved in weapons research
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00046-00012222-00012462 experimentation and production in both
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+w8v-uH7mzdI-00048-00012652-00013005 War during World War two some of the
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+w8v-uH7mzdI-00051-00013488-00013749 experimentation on living test subjects
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00052-00013750-00014430 in concentration camps
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00053-00014431-00015096 topic after the Second World War
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00054-00015097-00015365 by the end of the Second World War the
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00055-00015366-00015647 kwg and it's Institute's had lost their
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+w8v-uH7mzdI-00058-00016272-00016485 operating out of its aerodynamics
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00059-00016486-00016794 testing station in gooding in Albert
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00060-00016795-00017058 Vogler the president of the kwg
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00061-00017059-00017351 committed suicide on the 14th of April
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00062-00017352-00017784 1945 thereupon Ernst el Chou assumed the
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00063-00017785-00017994 duties until Max Planck could be brought
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00064-00017995-00018219 from Magdeburg to Gooding in which was
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00065-00018220-00018384 in the British zone of the Allied
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00066-00018385-00018696 occupation zones in Germany Planck
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00067-00018697-00018942 assumed the duties on the 16th of May
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00068-00018943-00019236 until a president could be elected Otto
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00069-00019237-00019479 Hahn was selected by directors to be
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00070-00019480-00019656 president but there were a number of
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00071-00019657-00019992 difficulties to be overcome Hahn being
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00072-00019993-00020190 related to nuclear research had been
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00073-00020191-00020400 captured by the Allied forces of
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00074-00020401-00020514 operation also
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00075-00020515-00020718 and he was still interned at farm Hall
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00076-00020719-00021002 in Britain under operation Epsilon at
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00077-00021003-00021300 first Hahn was reluctant to accept the
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00078-00021301-00021552 post but others prevailed upon him to
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+w8v-uH7mzdI-00080-00021637-00021912 Hahn took over the presidency three
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00081-00021913-00022122 months after being released and returned
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00082-00022123-00022428 to Germany however the office of
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00083-00022429-00022694 military government United States
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00084-00022695-00023013 oMG u.s. passed a resolution to dissolve
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+w8v-uH7mzdI-00086-00023484-00023715 meanwhile members of the British
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00087-00023716-00023985 occupation forces specifically in the
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00088-00023986-00024252 research branch of the OMG us saw the
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00089-00024253-00024494 society in a more favorable light and
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00090-00024495-00024684 tried to dissuade the Americans from
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00091-00024685-00025022 taking such action the physicist Howard
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00092-00025023-00025230 Percy Robertson was director of the
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00093-00025231-00025419 Department for science in the British
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00094-00025420-00025452 zone
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00095-00025453-00025677 he had a National Research Council
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00096-00025677-00025934 fellowship in the 1920s to study at the
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00097-00025935-00026177 Georg August University of gooding and
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00098-00026179-00026418 in the Ludwig Maximilian's University of
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00099-00026419-00026763 Munich also Colonel Bertie Blount was on
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+w8v-uH7mzdI-00103-00027463-00027549 other things
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00104-00027550-00027792 birdie suggested to Hahn to write to Sir
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00105-00027793-00027993 Henry Halleck Dale who had been the
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00106-00027994-00028230 president of the Royal Society which he
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00107-00028231-00028433 did while in Britain
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00108-00028435-00028710 birdy also spoke with Dale who came up
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00109-00028711-00028829 with a suggestion
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00110-00028830-00029102 Dale believed that it was only the name
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00111-00029104-00029316 which conjured up a pejorative picture
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00112-00029317-00029517 and suggested that the society be
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+w8v-uH7mzdI-00120-00031527-00031776 Max von Laue II and Walter Gerlach were
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+w8v-uH7mzdI-00122-00031989-00032193 society across the Allied zones
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00123-00032194-00032879 including the French zone
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00124-00032880-00033446 topic presidents
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00125-00033447-00033992 adolf von Harnack 1911 to 1930 Max
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00126-00033993-00034676 Planck 1930 to 1937 Carl Bosch 1937 to
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00127-00034677-00035399 1940 Albert Vogler 1941 to 1945 Max
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00128-00035400-00035798 Planck the 16th of May 1945 to the 31st
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00129-00035799-00036317 of March 1946 Otto Hahn the 1st of april
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00130-00036318-00036705 1946 to the 10th of September 1946 in
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00131-00036706-00037296 the British occupation zone
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00132-00037297-00037708 topic institute's testing stations and
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00133-00037709-00038471 units
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00134-00038472-00039168 topic Kaiser Wilhelm Institute's
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+w8v-uH7mzdI-00136-00039536-00039793 in Dumber store transformed into a
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00137-00039794-00039994 Research Institute of the East German
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00138-00039995-00040510 Academy of Sciences kwi of anthropology
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00139-00040511-00040891 human heredity and eugenics founded 1926
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00140-00040892-00041326 in Berlin dalam kwi for bast fiber
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00141-00041327-00041641 research founded 1938 in soro
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+w8v-uH7mzdI-00145-00042636-00042935 Society in 1948 and to further
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00146-00042936-00043171 relocations to West time and neater Mars
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00147-00043172-00043480 Berg in 1951 it was incorporated into
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00148-00043481-00043685 the Max Planck Institute for breeding
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00149-00043686-00044023 research and moved to : Vogel Singh the
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00150-00044024-00044401 Institute was closed down in 1957 its
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+w8v-uH7mzdI-00155-00046118-00046566 Planck Institute for biology until 2005
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00156-00046567-00046977 kwi for biochemistry founded 1912
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00157-00046978-00047251 nowadays there exists the Max Planck
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00158-00047252-00047491 Institute of biochemistry but there is
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00159-00047492-00047660 no straight relation between the
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00160-00047661-00048139 Institute's kwi for biophysics formerly
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+w8v-uH7mzdI-00162-00048407-00048598 Medicine of Friedrich des hour was
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00163-00048599-00048886 incorporated into the kwg by Boris
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+w8v-uH7mzdI-00166-00049589-00049960 the Max Planck Institute for biophysics
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00167-00049961-00050377 kwi for brain research founded 1914 in
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00168-00050378-00050722 Berlin by Oscar vote it is now the Max
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00169-00050723-00051148 Planck Institute for brain research kwi
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00170-00051149-00051481 for cell physiology founded 1930 in
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+w8v-uH7mzdI-00172-00051762-00052177 and the Rockefeller Foundation kwi for
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+w8v-uH7mzdI-00176-00052979-00053378 Institute kwi for coal research
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00177-00053379-00053753 institute of the kwg founded 1912 in
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00178-00053754-00054014 mülheim it is now the Max Planck
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00179-00054015-00054466 Institute for : first Chun kwi for
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00180-00054467-00054676 comparative and international private
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00181-00054677-00055013 law founded 1926 in Berlin by Ernst
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00182-00055014-00055262 rabble it is now the Max Planck
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00183-00055263-00055463 Institute for comparative and
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00184-00055464-00055882 international private law in Hamburg kwi
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00185-00055883-00056090 for comparative public law in
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+w8v-uH7mzdI-00187-00056429-00056729 the first director was Victor Bruns it
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00188-00056729-00056996 is now the Max Planck Institute for
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00189-00056997-00057182 comparative public law and international
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00190-00057183-00057679 law in Heidelberg kwi for experimental
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00191-00057680-00058013 therapy founded in 1915 by August von
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+w8v-uH7mzdI-00193-00058440-00058721 founded in 1920 by Reginald Oliver
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00194-00058722-00059305 Hertzog closed in 1934 kwi of flow fluid
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00195-00059307-00059755 dynamics research founded 1925 ludwig
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00196-00059757-00060141 pran DTL was the director from 1926 to
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00197-00060142-00060521 1946 it is now the Max Planck Institute
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00198-00060522-00060995 for dynamics and self-organization kwi
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+w8v-uH7mzdI-00200-00061332-00061598 Berlin it was later the Max Planck
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00201-00061599-00061877 Institute for history now transformed a
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00202-00061878-00062104 Max Planck Institute for multi-ethnic
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00203-00062105-00062566 societies kwi for hydro biological
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00204-00062567-00062869 research one of its directors was August
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00205-00062870-00063254 Friedrich Dean Minh kwi for iron
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00206-00063254-00063580 research found in 1917 in Aachen and it
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00207-00063582-00063967 moved to Dusseldorf in 1921 it is now
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00208-00063969-00064184 the Max Planck Institute for iron
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00209-00064185-00064679 research GmbH kwi for leather research
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+w8v-uH7mzdI-00213-00065541-00065819 biochemistry in Martin's RIT
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00214-00065820-00066249 kwi for medical research founded 1929 in
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00215-00066250-00066597 heidelberg by Ladell von Krell it is now
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00216-00066598-00066825 the Max Planck Institute for medical
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00217-00066826-00067245 research in Heidelberg kwi for metals
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00218-00067246-00067574 research founded 1921 in new Babelsberg
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00219-00067575-00067974 it closed in 1933 and reopened in
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+w8v-uH7mzdI-00221-00068356-00068598 Planck Institute for metals research in
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00222-00068599-00068985 Stuttgart kwi for plant breeding
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00223-00068986-00069300 research founded in munch a burg in 1929
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00224-00069301-00069642 by erwin bauer it is now the Max Planck
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00225-00069643-00069851 Institute for plant breeding research
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00226-00069852-00070307 located in Cologne kwi for physical
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+w8v-uH7mzdI-00230-00071230-00071462 after fritz haber who was the director
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00231-00071463-00072059 1911 to 1933 kwi for physics founded
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+w8v-uH7mzdI-00233-00072430-00072960 director 1917 to 1933 in 1922 Max von
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00234-00072961-00073203 Laue II became deputy director and took
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00235-00073204-00073440 over administrative duties from Einstein
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00236-00073441-00073767 it is now the Max Planck Institute for
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00237-00073768-00073968 physics also known as the Werner
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+w8v-uH7mzdI-00239-00074433-00074748 of effort work kwi for Occupational
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00240-00074749-00075093 physiology founded 1912 in Berlin moved
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00241-00075094-00075482 to Dortmund in 1929 it is now the Max
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00242-00075483-00075675 Planck Institute for molecular
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00243-00075676-00076050 physiology in Dortmund German Research
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00244-00076051-00076275 Institute for psychiatry a Kaiser
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00245-00076276-00076635 Wilhelm Institute in Munich it is now
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00246-00076636-00076982 the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00247-00076983-00077418 kwi for silicate research founded 1926
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+w8v-uH7mzdI-00249-00077822-00078344 kwi for textile chemistry kwi vine
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00250-00078345-00078807 breeding
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00251-00078808-00079156 topic kaiser wilhelm society
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+w8v-uH7mzdI-00254-00079935-00080291 V of the Kaiser Wilhelm Society the
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00255-00080292-00080573 testing unit aerodynamic 4 sucks Anstalt
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00256-00080574-00080912 Ava was formed in 1925 along with the
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00257-00080913-00081385 kwi of flow fluid dynamics research in
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00258-00081386-00081710 1937 it became the testing station of
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00259-00081711-00082139 the kwg Biological Station Lunz of the
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00260-00082140-00082454 Kaiser Wilhelm Society German
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00261-00082455-00082661 entomological Institute of the Kaiser
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00262-00082662-00083057 Wilhelm Society hydro Biological Station
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00263-00083058-00083384 of the Kaiser Wilhelm Society Institute
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00264-00083385-00083657 for agricultural work studies in the
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+w8v-uH7mzdI-00268-00084708-00085064 Society founded 1901 in Ross sedan and
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00269-00085065-00085229 integrated into the Kaiser Wilhelm
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00270-00085230-00085612 Society in 1921 the ornithological
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+w8v-uH7mzdI-00274-00086310-00086447 which is part of the Max Planck
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00275-00086448-00086861 Institute for ornithology Silesian coal
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00276-00086862-00087065 Research Institute of the Kaiser Wilhelm
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00277-00087066-00087761 Society in Breslau
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00278-00087762-00088446 topic institutions outside Germany
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00279-00088447-00088845 biblioteca hurt Siana founded 1913 in
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00280-00088846-00089178 Rome it is now the biblioteca hurt Siana
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00281-00089179-00089421 Max Planck Institute of art history in
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00282-00089422-00089778 Rome German Bulgarian Institute for
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00283-00089779-00090087 agricultural science founded in 1940 in
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00284-00090088-00090504 Sofia German Greek Institute for biology
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00285-00090505-00090762 in the Kaiser Wilhelm Society founded in
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00286-00090763-00091206 1940 in Athens German Italian Institute
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00287-00091207-00091653 for marine biology at Rovio Italy Kaiser
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00288-00091654-00091917 Wilhelm Institute for cultivated plant
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00289-00091918-00092178 research founded in 1940 in Vienna
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00290-00092179-00092762 Austria
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00291-00092763-00093265 topic other
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00292-00093266-00093458 Institute for the science of
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00293-00093459-00093806 agricultural work founded in 1940 in
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00294-00093807-00094238 Breslau research unit for virus research
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00295-00094239-00094466 of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00296-00094467-00094646 biochemistry and the Kaiser Wilhelm
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00297-00094647-00095048 Institute for biology Institute for
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00298-00095049-00095611 Theoretical Physics
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00299-00095612-00096189 topic see also
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00300-00096190-00096482 research materials Max Planck Society
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00301-00096483-00097021 archive
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00302-00097022-00097756 topic notes
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00303-00097757-00097942 you
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00304-00097943-00098521 topic bibliography
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00305-00098522-00098809 Hans Walter Shmuel Grenn's uber Shri
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00306-00098810-00099136 tongan das Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00307-00099137-00099355 anthropology men shall assure Blair
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00308-00099356-00099931 owned eugenic 1927 to 1945 ray he gosh -
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00309-00099932-00100156 der Kaiser Wilhelm Cassell shaft I
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00310-00100157-00100471 National Socialism Asst nine wall Steen
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00311-00100472-00100828 Gooding in 2005 is B and three eight
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00312-00100829-00101235 nine two four four seven nine nine three
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00313-00101236-00101776 Henschel klaus IDI 1996 physics and
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00314-00101777-00102010 National Socialism and anthology of
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00315-00102011-00102388 primary sources Basel Boston birkhäuser
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00316-00102389-00102847 verlag ISBN oh eight one seven six five
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00317-00102848-00103011 three one two Oh
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00318-00103013-00103515 cs1 mayn't extra text authors list link
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00319-00103516-00104019 McCracken Christie 1993 surviving the
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00320-00104020-00104305 swastika scientific research in Nazi
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00321-00104306-00104800 Germany New York Oxford Univ press is B
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00322-00104801-00105317 and O one 9 v o7o 100
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00323-00105318-00105569 topic external links history of the
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00324-00105570-00105818 Kaiser Wilhelm Society in the national
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00325-00105819-00106064 socialist era presidential commission of
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+w8v-uH7mzdI-00327-00106419-00106604 presidents a history of the Kaiser
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00328-00106605-00106873 Wilhelm Institute for medical research
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00329-00106874-00107480 1929 to 1939 by David M States June 28
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00330-00107481-00107785 2001 compilation of articles including
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00331-00107786-00108023 several about the lives and work of
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00332-00108024-00108263 Nobel laureates on the official website
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00333-00108264-00108590 of the Nobel Prize Kaiser Wilhelm
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00334-00108591-00108965 Cassell shaft 1911 to 1948 in German
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00335-00108966-00109360 deutsches historisches museum max planck
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00336-00109361-00109754 gazelle shaft english portal documents
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00337-00109755-00109949 and clippings about Kaiser Wilhelm
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00338-00109950-00110183 Society in the 20th century press
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00339-00110183-00110414 archives of the German national library
+w8v-uH7mzdI-00340-00110415-00110836 of economics CW
+w8w9vgTHlfU-00000-00000012-00000305 so we need to stop here and we need to
+w8w9vgTHlfU-00001-00000306-00000784 revise that duas of the prophets they
+w8w9vgTHlfU-00002-00000785-00000862 were
+w8w9vgTHlfU-00003-00000863-00001193 heard they were answered and they were
+w8w9vgTHlfU-00004-00001194-00001324 accepted
+w8w9vgTHlfU-00005-00001325-00001847 so when we make Dua we should try to
+w8w9vgTHlfU-00006-00001848-00002255 make Dua in the words of the quranic Dua
+w8w9vgTHlfU-00007-00002256-00002507 or the supplications which were made by
+w8w9vgTHlfU-00008-00002508-00002842 the prophets that are mentioned in Quran
+w8w9vgTHlfU-00009-00002843-00003052 and what will be gained out of this
+w8w9vgTHlfU-00010-00003053-00003395 number one we will get the reward of the
+w8w9vgTHlfU-00011-00003396-00003593 recitation of Quran
+w8w9vgTHlfU-00012-00003594-00004043 and then we will also be rewarded for
+w8w9vgTHlfU-00013-00004044-00004306 following the Sunnah of the prophet
+w8w9vgTHlfU-00014-00004307-00004745 and then we will be making the best
+w8w9vgTHlfU-00015-00004746-00005051 supplications this application which was
+w8w9vgTHlfU-00016-00005052-00005488 tried which was accepted and which had
+w8w9vgTHlfU-00017-00005489-00005801 reached the Throne of Allah
+w8w9vgTHlfU-00018-00005802-00006154 and another important point will be that
+w8w9vgTHlfU-00019-00006155-00006539 we will learn we will learn how to make
+w8w9vgTHlfU-00020-00006540-00006898 complete and comprehensive duas and
+w8w9vgTHlfU-00021-00006900-00007133 supplications because when you you know
+w8w9vgTHlfU-00022-00007134-00007546 when we make Dua we generally make
+w8w9vgTHlfU-00023-00007547-00007883 and we generally ask for incomplete
+w8w9vgTHlfU-00024-00007884-00008255 things we ask for a certain thing and we
+w8w9vgTHlfU-00025-00008256-00008399 leave the others
+w8w9vgTHlfU-00026-00008400-00008767 but when we make Dua and we make
+w8w9vgTHlfU-00027-00008768-00009041 supplications in the words of the
+w8w9vgTHlfU-00028-00009042-00009203 quranics applications and this
+w8w9vgTHlfU-00029-00009204-00009442 applications the prophets made
+w8w9vgTHlfU-00030-00009443-00009671 they were complete and they were
+w8w9vgTHlfU-00031-00009672-00010013 comprehensive so we'll also learn how to
+w8w9vgTHlfU-00032-00010014-00010484 make comprehensive and complete duas
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00000-00000000-00000241 now going to hand over to Jeff watts
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00001-00000242-00000526 Jeff is a scrum and leadership coach and
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00002-00000527-00000808 his talk is on why great teas are more
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00003-00000809-00000947 important than ever
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00004-00000948-00001349 Jeff over to you cool thanks Alex so
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00005-00001350-00001838 let's share this one is that working ok
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00006-00001839-00002057 I get a thumbs up from someone that's ok
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00007-00002058-00002159 yeah that's perfect
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00008-00002160-00002584 great thank you so yes why are great
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00009-00002585-00003010 teams needed so I've been I've been
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00010-00003011-00003195 doing a few talks recently because
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00011-00003196-00003429 people have been asking me to talk about
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00012-00003430-00003722 my new book which is great and first
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00013-00003722-00003842 thing I say to everybody is I feel
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00014-00003843-00004019 really guilty talking about a new book
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00015-00004020-00004145 that's coming out with with everything
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00016-00004146-00004358 that's going on in the world and but
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00017-00004359-00004700 there is there's for me at least there's
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00018-00004701-00005174 this view for that right now it's it's
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00019-00005175-00005293 great teams that are going to help
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00020-00005294-00005627 companies first of all survive this
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00021-00005628-00005845 period because a lot of companies may
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00022-00005846-00006161 well not but also thrive and I think
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00023-00006162-00006313 it's those great great teams that are
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00024-00006314-00006445 going to help make those organizations
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00025-00006447-00006698 make a difference now I think we could
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00026-00006698-00006967 probably all agree although I do look I
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00027-00006968-00007114 don't really like it when people start
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00028-00007115-00007396 by trying to guess what I'm thinking but
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00029-00007397-00007495 I think we can probably all agree that
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00030-00007497-00007667 we're living in interesting times I
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00031-00007668-00008131 think we were interesting and for me one
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00032-00008133-00008260 of the things that I found is it give
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00033-00008261-00008477 you interesting having worked with
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00034-00008478-00008703 organizations that have been toying with
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00035-00008704-00009008 various degrees this idea of shall we
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00036-00009009-00009173 become more of an agile organization
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00037-00009174-00009434 shall we not do we really mean it
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00038-00009435-00009685 do we not they've kind of been faced
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00039-00009686-00009953 with a really stark choice over the last
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00040-00009954-00010184 couple of months and that choice has
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00041-00010185-00010553 been about how much do they truly trust
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00042-00010554-00011092 and enable their people and seeing how
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00043-00011093-00011312 different companies have reacted to that
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00044-00011313-00011462 choice they might have realized it was a
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00045-00011463-00011581 choice quite often it's it's
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00046-00011582-00011753 subconscious they're seeing all those
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00047-00011754-00011876 Asians reactor has been quite
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00048-00011877-00012205 fascinating for me I think on the whole
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00049-00012206-00012592 generally most organizations and most
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00050-00012593-00012940 national institutions by and large have
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00051-00012941-00013280 have acted pretty well in the early
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00052-00013281-00013388 stages of the crisis
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00053-00013388-00013672 so when when there is a crisis not just
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00054-00013674-00013793 talking about pandemic here but a
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00055-00013794-00014018 business crisis the first thing leaders
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00056-00014019-00014153 really need to do is they need to make
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00057-00014154-00014510 some quick decisions undemocratic
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00058-00014511-00014765 decisions and that's the right thing to
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00059-00014766-00014810 do
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00060-00014811-00015110 we don't necessarily want a lot of
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00061-00015111-00015253 conversation and a lot of people's
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00062-00015254-00015527 inputs into something when a really
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00063-00015528-00015686 quick decision is needed then those
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00064-00015687-00015847 quick decisions are there to try and
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00065-00015849-00016022 stabilize first of all the business and
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00066-00016022-00016301 the people but also then the immediate
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00067-00016302-00016667 future it's the right thing to do and
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00068-00016668-00016942 it's also what people are looking for
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00069-00016943-00017297 and that's important as well because if
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00070-00017298-00017572 leadership acts as the people they're
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00071-00017573-00017938 leading expect them and want them to act
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00072-00017939-00018175 then that organization in their
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00073-00018176-00018374 leadership will avoid what what I tend
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00074-00018375-00018743 to call motivational depth if I'm acting
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00075-00018744-00019175 as a leader in a very directive decisive
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00076-00019176-00019460 undemocratic way but the people that I'm
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00077-00019461-00019667 acting towards are expecting a
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00078-00019668-00019967 democratic approach or autonomy then
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00079-00019968-00020044 they're going to be incredibly
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00080-00020045-00020303 frustrated and dissatisfied by them but
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00081-00020304-00020543 equally if that those people that team
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00082-00020544-00021038 are expecting me to be decisive and and
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00083-00021039-00021302 not democratic but I come in and ask
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00084-00021303-00021530 them yeah what do you think we should do
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00085-00021531-00021716 then that's going to cause motivation of
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00086-00021717-00021863 that as well just a different kind of
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00087-00021864-00022130 motivation out there so that's a good
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00088-00022131-00022337 thing okay so leaders on the whole I've
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00089-00022338-00022559 acted pretty well and the start of this
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00090-00022560-00022877 get things safe simple messages clear
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00091-00022878-00023119 messages make some decisions
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00092-00023120-00023581 unfortunately for some people the crisis
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00093-00023582-00023942 has been an excuse an excuse to indulge
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00094-00023943-00024218 they're somewhat controlling nature
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00095-00024219-00024475 shall we say more than perhaps they
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00096-00024476-00024875 should have done and maybe like me
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00097-00024876-00024986 you've heard some of the stories of
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00098-00024987-00025172 employers installing tracking and
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00099-00025173-00025364 monitoring software and policies on
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00100-00025365-00025621 their people who've been forced to work
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00101-00025622-00025909 from home and it's it's very easy to
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00102-00025910-00026180 stay in that mode of okay yeah we need
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00103-00026181-00026318 to make decisions it's still a crisis
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00104-00026319-00026726 it's still a crisis but actually there's
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00105-00026727-00026942 there's a lot of evidence around that
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00106-00026943-00027176 will be been well for a long time but
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00107-00027177-00027445 actually micromanaging past the point of
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00108-00027447-00027630 crisis is going to be counterproductive
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00109-00027631-00027932 for other companies the few that stand
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00110-00027933-00028187 out this is actually being a fantastic
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00111-00028188-00028312 opportunity now that might sound very
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00112-00028313-00028667 callous for me to say I'm not trying to
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00113-00028668-00029051 downplay the bad situation taller for
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00114-00029052-00029276 some organizations they've really
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00115-00029277-00029414 thrived here and I'm not talking about
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00116-00029414-00029608 the obvious examples of beaten you zoom
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00117-00029609-00029957 we've had a massive growth in uses and
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00118-00029958-00030127 licenses and things like this and as we
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00119-00030128-00030251 were talking about beforehand that the
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00120-00030252-00030424 companies that are selling all the the
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00121-00030425-00030595 home working equipment that microphones
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00122-00030597-00030776 and lights and cameras I'm talking about
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00123-00030777-00030943 those organizations whose leadership
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00124-00030944-00031357 have for months and years invested in
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00125-00031358-00031645 the development of the relationship
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00126-00031647-00031808 between them and the people that they
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00127-00031808-00032024 work with they've they've built up trust
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00128-00032025-00032354 they've built up goodwill through among
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00129-00032355-00032527 other things enabling autonomous
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00130-00032528-00032783 self-organizing teams to solve business
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00131-00032784-00033102 vulnerable problems and and those
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00132-00033103-00033314 organizations when faced with this
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00133-00033315-00033571 situation have those teams have actually
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00134-00033572-00033764 taken to it like the proverbial doctor
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00135-00033765-00033905 Walter because this is something that
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00136-00033906-00034037 they've been used to you know actually
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00137-00034038-00034195 being left to their own devices and
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00138-00034196-00034430 given some steer and checking in now and
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00139-00034431-00034582 again this is what they've been used to
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00140-00034583-00034927 so that's where those two types of
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00141-00034928-00035102 organizations for me and those two types
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00142-00035103-00035318 of leadership have really gone in very
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00143-00035319-00035735 starkly different paths I was going to
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00144-00035736-00035920 talk you through a very simple exercise
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00145-00035921-00036098 I was introduced in I didn't know I had
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00146-00036099-00036364 time I trying are trying screens with
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00147-00036365-00036557 you know years and years ago when I was
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00148-00036558-00036710 first introduced to the concept of
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00149-00036711-00037045 self-organizing teams and so I was a
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00150-00037046-00037264 classically trained project manager in a
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00151-00037265-00037405 very bureaucratic hierarchical
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00152-00037406-00037645 organisation so I believed as a manager
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00153-00037646-00037904 my job was to tell people what to do and
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00154-00037905-00038074 some people were trying to try to change
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00155-00038075-00038201 my mind about they're trying to change
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00156-00038202-00038348 my perspective and then and make a
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00157-00038349-00038624 servant leader actively and I was
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00158-00038625-00038864 introduced in sexercise called 50 steps
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00159-00038865-00039164 and in it you had to pair up and one
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00160-00039165-00039368 person was the boss and one person was
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00161-00039369-00039674 the worker the job of the worker was to
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00162-00039675-00040070 produce 50 steps basically walk 50 paces
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00163-00040071-00040315 the job of the boss was to instruct the
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00164-00040316-00040568 worker without touching them using some
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00165-00040569-00040739 simple commands such as forwards
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00166-00040740-00040955 backwards left right faster slower that
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00167-00040956-00041204 kind of thing the worker had to obey the
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00168-00041205-00041561 boss and there were some fairly static
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00169-00041562-00041740 obstacles in the room tables and chairs
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00170-00041741-00041882 but there are also some relatively
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00171-00041883-00042074 complex variables in the room other
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00172-00042075-00042254 people trying to complete this task at
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00173-00042255-00042467 the same time if you bumped into them or
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00174-00042468-00042596 if you bumped into the wall you bunted
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00175-00042597-00042845 to obstacles that were the penalty and
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00176-00042846-00043058 within the time box very very few pairs
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00177-00043059-00043184 actually managed to achieve it and the
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00178-00043185-00043355 second part of the exercise was there
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00179-00043356-00043607 were no bosses everybody had to achieve
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00180-00043608-00043799 50 steps using their own autonomy deal
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00181-00043800-00043990 Dimmu the same situation so as well as
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00182-00043991-00044146 achieving the 50 steps within the time
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00183-00044147-00044360 box both employee and fast achieved it
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00184-00044361-00044498 so you more than double the productivity
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00185-00044499-00044779 and it was a very simple / simplistic
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00186-00044780-00045005 example of the difference between
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00187-00045006-00045158 command and control but it kind of stuck
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00188-00045159-00045365 with me and this idea of complex
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00189-00045366-00045545 environments having a directed leader
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00190-00045546-00045821 and micromanagement reduces productivity
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00191-00045822-00046049 and increases motivation of depth of
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00192-00046050-00046376 person and the employee the worker role
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00193-00046377-00046631 was really not happy about being told to
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00194-00046632-00046768 walk forward when they knew they were
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00195-00046769-00047117 going to hit the table and in this
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00196-00047118-00047276 situation here where we have greater
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00197-00047277-00047452 complexity and we do have greater
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00198-00047453-00047630 complexity I mean even if you take aside
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00199-00047631-00047855 the pandemic working in software
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00200-00047856-00047983 developer 'king in product development
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00201-00047984-00048368 that is a complex endeavor it involves
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00202-00048369-00048587 other human beings and other human
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00203-00048588-00049024 beings are complex weird things so it's
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00204-00049025-00049321 complex anyway and when you add on to
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00205-00049322-00049474 the fact that we're all working in a new
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00206-00049475-00049808 way that's in suboptimal conditions you
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00207-00049809-00050012 know I've got kids that aren't going to
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00208-00050013-00050267 school so and I got bandwidth issues and
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00209-00050268-00050362 all sorts of different things I don't
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00210-00050363-00050527 get the same communication channels that
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00211-00050528-00050726 I had before the complexity is increased
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00212-00050727-00051032 so we need rather than to micromanage
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00213-00051033-00051212 and that's understandable because if I
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00214-00051213-00051376 was a manager in an organization my neck
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00215-00051377-00051539 was on the line I can't see what's going
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00216-00051540-00051824 on I'm going to be craving information
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00217-00051825-00052154 and progress reports even if I know it's
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00218-00052154-00052337 counterproductive so what we really need
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00219-00052338-00052567 is great teams these great teams who
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00220-00052569-00052760 have the ability to self organize not
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00221-00052761-00052942 just themselves but with their
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00222-00052944-00053186 colleagues to deal with the complexity
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00223-00053187-00053480 as they see it so that's
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00224-00053482-00053724 that's the kind of context for what I'm
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00225-00053725-00053844 talking about and what I've written
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00226-00053845-00054114 about and I've been lucky enough to work
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00227-00054115-00054249 with teams from lots of different
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00228-00054250-00054605 domains lots of different industries so
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00229-00054607-00054872 from sujets financial services to I
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00230-00054873-00055164 think you work in financial services and
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00231-00055165-00055590 the members well yeah to pharmaceuticals
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00232-00055591-00055869 to insurance to completely outside of
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00233-00055870-00055979 software and product development
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00234-00055980-00056166 research marketing sports teams even
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00235-00056166-00056325 even though I've done a bit of work with
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00236-00056326-00056658 medical teams and and while every team
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00237-00056659-00057000 is absolutely unique absolutely yeah
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00238-00057001-00057270 there are a few common patterns that
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00239-00057271-00057453 I've noticed and I'm not saying that you
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00240-00057454-00057617 know I've found the secret anything but
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00241-00057619-00057744 just some things that I found quite
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00242-00057745-00057957 useful to notice that these things have
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00243-00057958-00058122 in common now I'm not gonna have enough
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00244-00058123-00058287 time to go through everything in detail
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00245-00058288-00058485 but a little bit of an overview of what
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00246-00058486-00058632 I'm talking about when I talk about a
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00247-00058633-00058880 great team these sort of five
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00248-00058882-00059103 characteristics for the notice and
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00249-00059104-00059298 regardless of industry regardless of
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00250-00059299-00059661 domain regardless of the product that
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00251-00059662-00059766 they're working in the service that
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00252-00059766-00059891 they're working on it could be voluntary
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00253-00059892-00060116 teams school teams sports teams whatever
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00254-00060117-00060339 all these great teams are those seen
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00255-00060340-00060692 have a habit of self-improvement they
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00256-00060694-00061055 take getting better seriously the only
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00257-00061057-00061391 thing they take seriously is quality if
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00258-00061392-00061632 they attach their their name their
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00259-00061633-00061866 personal reputation to what it is that
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00260-00061866-00062189 they're doing building providing serving
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00261-00062190-00062604 producing and they have a strong sense
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00262-00062604-00063011 of togetherness the team comes first and
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00263-00063012-00063285 that's sort of we are in this together
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00264-00063286-00063716 thing they're brave they take audacious
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00265-00063717-00064011 steps and I saw in the commentator on
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00266-00064012-00064191 that somebody when when your honor asked
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00267-00064191-00064419 what what's one thing you'd like to see
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00268-00064420-00064562 different in the world and somebody
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00269-00064563-00064749 commented about you know I'd like people
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00270-00064750-00064935 to always be able to work outside of
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00271-00064936-00065180 their comfort zone great teams regularly
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00272-00065182-00065529 step outside of their comfort zone it's
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00273-00065529-00065643 about a little bit more in a minute
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00274-00065644-00065808 but equally as well as getting better
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00275-00065809-00066009 and focusing quality and feeling like a
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00276-00066010-00066309 good team being brave all great teams
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00277-00066310-00066801 deliver they all find a way to do the
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00278-00066802-00066860 stuff
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00279-00066861-00067075 and very briefly talking through each
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00280-00067076-00067343 piece by hand and give me a little bit
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00281-00067344-00067679 of an example so self-improvement okay
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00282-00067680-00068030 all all good teams improve all great
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00283-00068031-00068344 teams improve not because someone tells
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00284-00068345-00068636 them to improve not because they're paid
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00285-00068637-00068857 or incentivized to improve but because
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00286-00068858-00069050 they want to because it actually gives
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00287-00069051-00069278 them a bit of a kick to get better they
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00288-00069279-00069449 like knowing that they're a little bit
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00289-00069450-00069599 better today than they were yesterday
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00290-00069600-00070046 another hallmark and one of the big
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00291-00070047-00070253 differences that I've seen between good
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00292-00070254-00070448 teams and great teams and actually
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00293-00070449-00070622 before I go and if they're good teams
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00294-00070623-00070697 themselves
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00295-00070698-00070888 I've really given you a lot of
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00296-00070889-00071056 organizations that I've been in and
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00297-00071057-00071228 other teams that I've been in wouldn't
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00298-00071229-00071444 even classify themselves as good teams
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00299-00071445-00071707 yeah so good teams are already really
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00300-00071708-00071918 really a nice thing to be a part of
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00301-00071919-00072131 significantly better than just groups of
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00302-00072132-00072406 people lock together resources some
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00303-00072407-00072575 organizations Colin said whoa you're
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00304-00072576-00072692 working together no that's not a team
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00305-00072693-00073004 okay good teams are already way above
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00306-00073005-00073190 that but great teams are sort of five
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00307-00073191-00073438 percent that really and you might only
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00308-00073439-00073568 be a great team for a while you might
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00309-00073569-00073732 come back down from being that but it's
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00310-00073733-00073829 the little things
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00311-00073830-00074090 the tents tend to set those apart so
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00312-00074091-00074471 most teams in fact all teams I would say
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00313-00074472-00074782 and this is no slight on them this is
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00314-00074783-00075005 not an insult to the team by saying this
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00315-00075006-00075325 but all teams have massive glaring
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00316-00075326-00075593 opportunities to get better in the early
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00317-00075594-00075872 days and and but you all know the
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00318-00075873-00076013 journey that we go through you and Jana
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00319-00076014-00076154 have the determinant curve line there
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00320-00076155-00076280 you know it's going to take time before
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00321-00076281-00076426 we get to be a really good team so
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00322-00076427-00076681 during that growth period there's always
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00323-00076682-00076859 these massive opportunities so we can
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00324-00076860-00076967 really get better at that we could
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00325-00076968-00077159 really get better at that and actually a
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00326-00077160-00077405 small amount of effort and yield quite
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00327-00077406-00077612 big game changing you know
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00328-00077613-00077897 headline-grabbing changes and that that
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00329-00077898-00078134 team's effectiveness and great teams do
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00330-00078135-00078272 that as well but they don't get
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00331-00078273-00078428 complacent when they get to that sort of
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00332-00078429-00078779 Pareto principle 80 8020 zone they keep
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00333-00078780-00079034 pushing and even when it's small
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00334-00079035-00079190 improvements you know that they're
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00335-00079191-00079456 they're in they're in a habit and a nice
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00336-00079457-00079646 in my book I cite Dave Brailsford
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00337-00079647-00080032 who is a guy who was was coach of the
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00338-00080033-00080211 team GB cycling team
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00339-00080212-00080430 and one of the things that he brought in
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00340-00080431-00080657 was this concept of tiny gains you know
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00341-00080658-00080937 improving everything I mean everything
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00342-00080938-00081066 from the comfort of the seats to the
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00343-00081067-00081324 pillows the the cyclist would use when
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00344-00081325-00081444 they've got a better night to how they
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00345-00081445-00081707 wash their hands everything his viewers
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00346-00081708-00081864 that if you could improve everything by
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00347-00081865-00082119 one percent then the compound impact of
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00348-00082120-00082269 all of those tiny gains would be massive
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00349-00082270-00082539 and while each of those little changes
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00350-00082540-00082962 was very very marginal these marginal
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00351-00082963-00083211 gains are deducted in their case record
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00352-00083212-00083538 medal halls and I've seen similar kinds
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00353-00083539-00083739 of attitudes towards self improvement in
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00354-00083740-00084012 the great teams about work with now in
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00355-00084013-00084186 this sense of the milestone today we
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00356-00084187-00084309 improved the little things that
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00357-00084310-00084594 milestone is often a lot more important
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00358-00084595-00084861 than a big change that we make in a
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00359-00084862-00085082 retrospective for example get a little
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00360-00085083-00085245 bit better every day that's even more
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00361-00085246-00085626 powerful next thing I wanted to talk
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00362-00085627-00085998 about quickly was quality okay so all
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00363-00085999-00086253 good teams look at how they can avoid
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00364-00086254-00086424 problems I don't think you could really
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00365-00086425-00086631 ethically call yourself or morally call
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00366-00086632-00086850 yourself a good team if you weren't
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00367-00086851-00087051 working out how you could mitigate the
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00368-00087052-00087257 risk of things going wrong doing a bit
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00369-00087258-00087417 of planning doing a bit of risk
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00370-00087418-00087591 mitigation now that's that's quite
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00371-00087592-00087926 normal for good teams but great teams go
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00372-00087927-00088266 even further now great teams know that
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00373-00088267-00088593 there are unknown unknowns but they just
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00374-00088594-00088746 they don't just take that as an
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00375-00088747-00088907 opportunity to ignore it
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00376-00088908-00089136 they don't say well I can't plan for it
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00377-00089137-00089247 because I don't know what's going to
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00378-00089248-00089379 happen so if you been what's going to
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00379-00089380-00089487 happen you can't do anything about it
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00380-00089488-00089775 instead what they tend to do is they
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00381-00089776-00090047 look at developing their ability to
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00382-00090048-00090453 respond calmly when any kind of
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00383-00090454-00090696 unexpected event hits yes they'll
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00384-00090697-00090866 prepare for what they can prepare for
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00385-00090867-00091056 but they'll also be working on
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00386-00091057-00091254 developing their resilience their
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00387-00091255-00091440 ability to cover each other their
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00388-00091441-00091773 ability to think rationally when chaos
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00389-00091774-00092175 is going on around them and my my
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00390-00092176-00092364 favorite story in the book is actually
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00391-00092365-00092628 in this section because it shocks a few
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00392-00092629-00092856 people when they read it but I'm not
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00393-00092857-00092979 gonna get you any spoilers you know it's
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00394-00092980-00093162 tough to read it these great teams are
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00395-00093163-00093492 driven by well I said their pride in
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00396-00093493-00093573 their work
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00397-00093574-00093828 sort of personal sense of attachment to
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00398-00093829-00094026 the reputation of what they're building
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00399-00094027-00094311 and and they developing resilience
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00400-00094312-00094512 they're developing a redundancy within
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00401-00094513-00094689 their ranks so that they can kind of
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00402-00094690-00094851 cope with almost anything that gets
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00403-00094852-00095118 thrown at them and this is slightly
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00404-00095119-00095358 dangerous thing for me to say but again
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00405-00095359-00095715 I've seen it so I'll report back a lot
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00406-00095716-00095829 of the great teams that I've seen
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00407-00095830-00096225 actually see new problems there's
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00408-00096226-00096681 something cool in a way now what I mean
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00409-00096682-00096831 by that is they see it as an opportunity
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00410-00096832-00097044 to test themselves against something new
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00411-00097045-00097323 it's it's like a new achievement that
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00412-00097324-00097509 they can unlock because they know
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00413-00097510-00097671 they're going to learn something they
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00414-00097672-00097815 have confidence that somehow they'll
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00415-00097816-00097929 find a way around it
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00416-00097930-00098187 or in some cases the view that well if
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00417-00098188-00098367 we can't find a way around it there's a
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00418-00098368-00098472 good chance that nobody else would have
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00419-00098473-00098652 been able to do any better so what's
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00420-00098653-00098913 there to lose and I find that really
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00421-00098914-00099135 really interesting singing this this
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00422-00099136-00099312 thing that comes up at nowhere this
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00423-00099313-00099525 monster most people would be scared of
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00424-00099526-00099675 it and run away from it great teen
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00425-00099676-00100044 things cool challenge and that's that's
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00426-00100045-00100446 a big thing that sets them apart the
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00427-00100447-00100782 part of my book that in many ways was I
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00428-00100783-00101202 suppose the easiest to write was about
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00429-00101203-00101364 unity because I think everyone really
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00430-00101365-00101553 knows that good teams stick together
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00431-00101554-00101709 they United you know they have a bond
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00432-00101710-00102114 they have a commitment to each other but
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00433-00102115-00102311 on the other hand I think it was
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00434-00102312-00102528 paradoxically also the most difficult to
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00435-00102529-00102768 write because despite all that awareness
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00436-00102769-00102924 you know the Tuchman model has been
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00437-00102925-00103338 around for 60 years and yet there are so
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00438-00103339-00103563 many teams out there that haven't gone
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00439-00103564-00103791 through that storming phase well and
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00440-00103792-00104193 ended up high-performing and I found
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00441-00104194-00104628 that fascinating so a lot of teams have
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00442-00104629-00104856 goals all right that's that's a good
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00443-00104857-00104907 thing
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00444-00104908-00105096 goals are important because without a
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00445-00105097-00105255 sense of purpose and objective that
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00446-00105256-00105720 we're trying to solve or tasks that we
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00447-00105721-00105879 want to complain we haven't even got a
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00448-00105880-00106176 chance of becoming a good team if any
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00449-00106177-00106484 teams have goals okay you could say that
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00450-00106485-00106677 and they could do with some work you can
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00451-00106678-00106824 make them more personable inspiring
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00452-00106825-00106966 engaging meaningful
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00453-00106967-00107136 and that would increase their effect and
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00454-00107138-00107257 I would probably have to agree with you
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00455-00107258-00107422 on our but they have a goal what
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00456-00107423-00107791 surprises me is that so few teams have a
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00457-00107792-00108229 strong identity that binds them and it
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00458-00108230-00108504 surprises me because I haven't seen one
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00459-00108505-00108850 great team that doesn't have a strong
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00460-00108851-00109096 identity that doesn't know what they
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00461-00109097-00109383 stand for as a team that doesn't know
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00462-00109384-00109600 what they expect of each other that
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00463-00109601-00109756 hasn't taken into account their own
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00464-00109757-00109963 personal likes their personal values
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00465-00109964-00110143 their personalities their skills have
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00466-00110144-00110401 been dividual team members and crafted
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00467-00110402-00110571 them into something bigger and better
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00468-00110572-00110839 habits in one great team without a
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00469-00110840-00111088 strong identity and I think it's
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00470-00111089-00111346 important because not just from the team
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00471-00111347-00111490 perspective but from the individual
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00472-00111491-00111700 perspective if I'm going to be a member
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00473-00111701-00111964 of a team and if I'm going to be a you
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00474-00111965-00112192 know a useful member of the team there's
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00475-00112193-00112410 no getting past the fact but I'm going
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00476-00112411-00112672 to have to give up or trade off a little
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00477-00112673-00112915 part of me I'm not talking about a
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00478-00112916-00113085 physical limb or anything but actually a
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00479-00113086-00113251 little bit of my own personal selfish
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00480-00113252-00113506 objectives because there may well be
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00481-00113507-00113677 times and I need to sacrifice what I'm
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00482-00113678-00113848 personally interested in because the
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00483-00113849-00114108 team needs something else from me and
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00484-00114109-00114271 that's often glossed over sort of all
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00485-00114272-00114373 that's just I'll talk about it because
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00486-00114374-00114534 that might put people off wanting to be
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00487-00114535-00114757 part of the team now hopefully the trade
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00488-00114758-00115000 is mutually beneficial because that's
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00489-00115001-00115096 how trades work
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00490-00115097-00115339 I have something you have something we
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00491-00115340-00115648 trade we're both better off and for me
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00492-00115649-00115908 that's where this identity comes in
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00493-00115909-00116203 that's what I'm getting in return for
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00494-00116204-00116395 trading off a little bit of my personal
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00495-00116396-00116818 selfish objectives and it's just amazing
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00496-00116819-00116980 for me that so many of the teams that
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00497-00116981-00117185 I've worked with just haven't had that
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00498-00117186-00117589 and there you go that is such as life or
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00499-00117590-00118083 dassit II personally I like this for
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00500-00118084-00118228 those of you that read any of my other
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00501-00118229-00118378 books you'll kind of notice a little bit
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00502-00118379-00118588 of a thing going on it this sense of
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00503-00118589-00119029 bravery it is you know it is both Sujit
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00504-00119030-00119208 and Yana talked a lot about taking a
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00505-00119209-00119440 step forward taking steps into the
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00506-00119441-00119704 unknown and that always requires a sense
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00507-00119705-00119970 of bravery it's not acting without fear
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00508-00119971-00120183 you don't have to be brave if you're not
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00509-00120184-00120329 scared you know you kind of
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00510-00120330-00120560 scared you have to be scared if you're
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00511-00120561-00120873 gonna be brave and what I found
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00512-00120874-00121056 fascinating about the teams that were
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00513-00121057-00121289 brave you know they all challenge
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00514-00121290-00121451 processes they all challenge policies
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00515-00121452-00121652 limit systems assumptions all sorts of
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00516-00121653-00121802 things they take risks they risk failing
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00517-00121803-00122111 they basically just go for it it's that
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00518-00122112-00122513 they didn't treat audacity as binary and
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00519-00122514-00122774 I think if I was to you know when I
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00520-00122775-00122931 first came across that as a concept I
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00521-00122932-00123203 thought back to my view of audacity I
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00522-00123204-00123401 think I'd have to admit that I would
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00523-00123402-00123815 classify bravery audacity as a binary
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00524-00123816-00124214 concept you either are brave or you're
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00525-00124215-00124490 not and I think that was a false
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00526-00124491-00124857 assumption of mine and this perhaps even
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00527-00124858-00125118 a limiting belief I think a lot of these
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00528-00125119-00125271 great teams have looked at this thing of
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00529-00125272-00125333 what okay
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00530-00125334-00125607 we're brave enough to try this all the
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00531-00125608-00125796 great things about doing that is that
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00532-00125797-00126059 you're starting to expand your comfort
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00533-00126060-00126299 zone and you're also building your
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00534-00126300-00126593 bravery or audacity muscle if you like
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00535-00126594-00126923 one that so the slogan is is a good team
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00536-00126924-00127056 captures their teammates doing things
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00537-00127057-00127187 wrong a great team catches their
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00538-00127188-00127499 teammates doing things right I was to
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00539-00127500-00127656 use a really fantastic English phrase
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00540-00127657-00127718 for you
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00541-00127719-00128181 flabbergasted when you know I thought
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00542-00128182-00128429 okay catching people doing things right
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00543-00128430-00128708 would be so much easier and so much more
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00544-00128709-00128847 commonplace than catching people doing
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00545-00128848-00129134 things wrong so for me having to tell
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00546-00129135-00129273 somebody that they're not doing
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00547-00129274-00129519 something right so that brings me up in
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00548-00129520-00129626 a bit of a sweat I don't like the
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00549-00129627-00129732 conflict how are they going to react
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00550-00129733-00129923 giving people feedback that kind of
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00551-00129924-00130119 thing but actually saying oh nice job he
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00552-00130120-00130304 did that really really well yeah well
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00553-00130305-00130604 done not done for whatever it was that
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00554-00130605-00130773 you do picking out the good behaviors
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00555-00130774-00130976 nation should be a lot easier but I
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00556-00130977-00131208 found the opposite laugh and maybe it's
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00557-00131209-00131354 maybe it's just a better they live in UK
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00558-00131355-00131523 for so long we don't like telling people
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00559-00131524-00131772 maybe someone can tell me it's a
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00560-00131773-00132002 cultural thing but we do seem to find it
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00561-00132003-00132270 easier to just sort of miss out on those
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00562-00132271-00132611 specific appreciations yeah a specific
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00563-00132612-00132761 not just saying well done but well done
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00564-00132762-00133173 for yeah I appreciate you for this thank
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00565-00133174-00133511 you for doing this that I think it's a
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00566-00133512-00133674 really simple place to start for a lot
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00567-00133675-00133710 of great
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00568-00133711-00133956 and that sense of you know is difficult
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00569-00133957-00134214 then that is brave for those individual
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00570-00134215-00134382 those that is audacious for that team
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00571-00134383-00134649 brilliant start there build that there's
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00572-00134650-00134940 something else and the final thing I've
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00573-00134941-00135123 left this still lasts because for many
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00574-00135124-00135303 organizations I think this is the big
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00575-00135304-00135519 worry about your teams you know Sujit
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00576-00135520-00135900 mentioned the environment there's always
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00577-00135901-00136134 it's always a date right and stuff we
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00578-00136135-00136383 need to do and I think speaking to a lot
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00579-00136384-00136553 of leaders over the years this idea of
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00580-00136554-00136832 letting go of control and giving teens
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00581-00136833-00137259 autonomy scares them and they worry
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00582-00137260-00137429 about well what am I going to get in
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00583-00137430-00137525 return
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00584-00137526-00137787 so and then we then we have people come
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00585-00137788-00137901 along and say Mike you need to make
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00586-00137902-00138140 people happy it's all about mental
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00587-00138141-00138387 health awareness and all the good stuff
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00588-00138388-00138510 that we talked about psychologically
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00589-00138511-00138665 safe environments and leaders then
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00590-00138666-00138791 continue but I still need my dates
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00591-00138792-00138990 that's the only way deliveries come on I
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00592-00138991-00139200 don't mind indulging this hippie stuff
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00593-00139201-00139409 as long as I still get my stuff and
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00594-00139410-00139737 their concern is that they're not gonna
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00595-00139738-00140037 get twice the work in half the time all
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00596-00140038-00140054 right
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00597-00140055-00140283 no don't get me started on books they
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00598-00140284-00140511 encourage that with their titles but
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00599-00140512-00140775 teams will actually in many ways take a
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00600-00140776-00141104 dip before they become like the
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00601-00141105-00141378 performing and or at least appear to
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00602-00141379-00141552 because we're factoring in the whole
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00603-00141553-00141858 life cycle now and that team great teams
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00604-00141859-00142011 don't forget about delivery and not just
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00605-00142012-00142248 because other people want them to but
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00606-00142249-00142398 it's just like with self-improvement
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00607-00142399-00142637 it's something that they want to do
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00608-00142638-00142968 these things enjoy creating things that
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00609-00142969-00143235 are used they enjoy giving people
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00610-00143236-00143528 something valuable now good teams will
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00611-00143529-00143748 use the agile approach and the built-in
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00612-00143749-00143922 you know Cadence's within something like
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00613-00143923-00144111 scrum for example the rhythm of the
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00614-00144112-00144336 framework to become predictable in a
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00615-00144337-00144540 good way right so that's great because
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00616-00144541-00144699 we can be relied upon to deliver stuff
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00617-00144700-00144894 in it you know in time box that's useful
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00618-00144895-00145056 for planning expectation management so
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00619-00145057-00145304 on the great teams don't just find a
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00620-00145305-00145743 rhythm now they find flow that magical
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00621-00145744-00145979 are almost magical feeling of you know
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00622-00145980-00146141 sort of forgetting that time is a
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00623-00146142-00146322 concept you know stuff gets done really
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00624-00146323-00146520 really quickly effectively and it feels
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00625-00146521-00146790 great when you're in flow now everyone's
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00626-00146791-00146981 experience that at some point
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00627-00146982-00147209 maybe not at work maybe outside of work
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00628-00147210-00147463 but they've experienced it at some point
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00629-00147464-00147722 no what I found interesting is great
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00630-00147723-00147971 teams get into flow a lot more
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00631-00147972-00148127 frequently than other teams and it's not
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00632-00148128-00148580 an accident then do it consciously now a
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00633-00148581-00148709 lot of people when they define flows
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00634-00148710-00148907 it's very hard to know what it is until
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00635-00148908-00149132 you've been in it so if you don't know
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00636-00149133-00149309 what it is how can you actually create
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00637-00149310-00149648 it well the teams that I've seen they
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00638-00149649-00149960 look for patterns so they look for
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00639-00149961-00150212 contextual patterns so they look for the
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00640-00150213-00150362 environment they look for time today
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00641-00150363-00150650 they look for situations problems they
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00642-00150651-00150827 look for anything that will indicate
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00643-00150828-00151027 yeah this is something that was there
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00644-00151028-00151331 when we had flow last time and they'll
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00645-00151332-00151514 keep logging these things and they will
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00646-00151515-00151730 just tweak their environments they'll
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00647-00151731-00152021 tweak their tweak there that their
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00648-00152022-00152153 layout they're set up with their
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00649-00152154-00152327 conversations they're working patterns
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00650-00152328-00152498 their environment in an effort to try
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00651-00152499-00152693 and replicate that and maximize their
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00652-00152694-00152879 chances of getting into flow and when
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00653-00152880-00153134 they do that they do tend to over
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00654-00153135-00153362 deliver and it's not because they've
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00655-00153363-00153491 rushed it it's not because they've cut
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00656-00153492-00153599 quality it's not because they've worked
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00657-00153600-00153743 overtime it's not because they didn't it
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00658-00153744-00153887 really played those games of under
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00659-00153888-00154076 committing and over didn't they just get
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00660-00154077-00154481 into flow and smash it I think that's
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00661-00154482-00154693 fascinating
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00662-00154694-00155054 but it's got to be that way around if
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00663-00155055-00155168 you're going into this with the
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00664-00155169-00155378 objective of getting twice the working
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00665-00155379-00155927 half the time you won't get that I think
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00666-00155928-00156119 that's my tandoc's possibly more
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00667-00156120-00156635 apologies if I'd blown it Alex yeah
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00668-00156636-00157181 spot-on thank you very much um really
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00669-00157182-00157406 great talks from the three of you and
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00670-00157407-00157675 there are some great questions have been
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00671-00157676-00158083 pulled in here and so I'm gonna go
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00672-00158084-00159008 straight up what is your you came from a
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00673-00159009-00159263 project management backgrounds what is
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00674-00159264-00159479 your opinion on the hybrid agile p.m.
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00675-00159480-00159713 slash scrum master role that we so often
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00676-00159714-00160094 three companies advertising for system a
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00677-00160095-00160354 Alex that story Jeff wall misty
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00678-00160355-00160972 yeah okay what's my opinion on it I
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00679-00160973-00161299 think it's my problem with with it
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00680-00161300-00161510 really is did the people that are asking
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00681-00161511-00161747 for it and know what they're getting or
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00682-00161748-00161878 know what they're asking for
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00683-00161879-00162178 so you could well have put me in that
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00684-00162179-00162584 category but equally you could put my
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00685-00162585-00162848 boss in that category and we're two very
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00686-00162849-00163189 very different people I think we're both
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00687-00163190-00163445 good people but I think we're very very
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00688-00163446-00163658 but different and we could have the same
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00689-00163659-00163931 job title that approach the role and be
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00690-00163932-00164113 a very different cultural fit the
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00691-00164114-00164479 different organizations so I think the
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00692-00164480-00164725 the danger with any kind of role I mean
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00693-00164726-00164926 even the role scrum master there are
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00694-00164927-00165068 different sort of philosophical
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00695-00165069-00165308 approaches on what what kind of scrum
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00696-00165309-00165623 master you want to be so I don't think
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00697-00165624-00166036 you can really use any role to to get
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00698-00166037-00166273 that over certainly assure yourself of
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00699-00166274-00166552 getting the person or the impact that
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00700-00166553-00166873 you're looking for and I know from a
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00701-00166874-00167062 limited exposure to recruit me that
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00702-00167063-00167326 that's not the point it's always going
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00703-00167327-00167495 to be part of the puzzle right there's
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00704-00167496-00167611 always going to be a conversation that's
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00705-00167612-00167870 always going to be I sort of found these
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00706-00167871-00168131 alignment and cultural alignment and so
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00707-00168132-00168799 on and my worry is that if it's an early
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00708-00168800-00168949 part of the process then some people
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00709-00168950-00169334 might feel they need to change who
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00710-00169335-00169481 they're putting themselves out there
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00711-00169482-00169808 as in order to get through the door yeah
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00712-00169809-00169922 one of the things I really liked about
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00713-00169923-00170258 your honors talk was being the best you
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00714-00170259-00170599 you know and what there's that's a
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00715-00170600-00170831 better version yeah I think people
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00716-00170832-00171032 shouldn't be afraid of bit saying you
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00717-00171033-00171344 know I am a scrum master now I can apply
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00718-00171345-00171886 for an agile p.m. role will I still get
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00719-00171887-00172121 a conversation with somebody about what
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00720-00172122-00172298 I think I can do to help them meet their
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00721-00172299-00172457 objectives while having a different role
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00722-00172458-00172977 and I think that's my main worry with it
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00723-00172978-00173338 okay thank you very much and two
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00724-00173339-00173750 switches and how do you drive innovation
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00725-00173751-00174152 pi site Oh
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00726-00174153-00174637 so Jeff's point right I mean I think
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00727-00174638-00174881 innovations almost got to be organic to
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00728-00174882-00175214 foam right so one of the things that
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00729-00175215-00175577 we've largely done within paysafe is
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00730-00175578-00176039 that unlike most organizations what we
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00731-00176040-00176246 don't have our God reigns right
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00732-00176247-00176528 we haven't standardized the tooling
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00733-00176529-00176857 within the organization right we haven't
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00734-00176858-00177116 so why we've kind of almost built out
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00735-00177117-00177311 the standards who say these are the
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00736-00177312-00177584 standards that you need to comply to as
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00737-00177585-00177820 a firm they're actually not prescriptive
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00738-00177821-00178079 about solving for business problems
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00739-00178080-00178403 right so very early in the cycle we have
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00740-00178404-00178720 kind of institutionalized the element of
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00741-00178721-00179093 bill versus buy right where I mean we
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00742-00179094-00179432 kind of you know so the mantra largely
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00743-00179433-00179714 is that you know one way to kind of have
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00744-00179715-00180104 a build and deliver products fast is
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00745-00180105-00180251 actually to write the least amount of
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00746-00180252-00180626 code so early in the cycle right massive
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00747-00180627-00180818 emphasis on build was by where we kind
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00748-00180819-00181109 of almost incentivize the team's pull
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00749-00181110-00181391 together solutions as innovatively as
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00750-00181392-00181550 possible and within the development life
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00751-00181551-00181934 cycle itself we've got have gone very
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00752-00181935-00182288 heavily into the open source ecosystem
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00753-00182289-00182435 right so in essence there are no
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00754-00182436-00182597 guardrails as long as we comply to the
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00755-00182598-00182654 standards
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00756-00182655-00182975 what you've done is regimented our RC
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00757-00182976-00183323 ICD pipeline we regimented are how we
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00758-00183324-00183578 log and monitor right but the entire
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00759-00183579-00183749 thought process very much is around
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00760-00183750-00183989 building that culture right so I mean so
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00761-00183990-00184180 the classic example that we give is that
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00762-00184181-00184400 going into production things are always
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00763-00184401-00184643 drink right you're never going to be a
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00764-00184644-00184787 scenario we've all right perfect code
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00765-00184788-00185192 but how that culture develops is that if
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00766-00185193-00185429 I have an outage right and it takes me
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00767-00185430-00185612 six hours to recover from that outrage
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00768-00185613-00185825 you inherently build an organization
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00769-00185826-00185930 that is the risk-averse and then they
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00770-00185931-00186101 put in all the checks and regimented
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00771-00186102-00186332 guardrails that are needed to prevent
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00772-00186333-00186608 that as an outcome right but if you
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00773-00186609-00186764 build out an ecosystem where if there is
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00774-00186765-00186887 an outage we are able to actually
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00775-00186888-00187085 recover you know under five minute
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00776-00187086-00187388 it's a lot of that culture around
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00777-00187389-00187559 wanting to build guardrails goes away
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00778-00187560-00187661 right
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00779-00187662-00187838 but the intact so unlike most
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00780-00187839-00187970 organizations we don't actually have an
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00781-00187971-00188228 innovation hub right innovation is very
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00782-00188229-00188537 much organic to the teams and again no
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00783-00188538-00188915 path is perfect right so I think the
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00784-00188916-00189103 ecosystem that we followed does come at
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00785-00189104-00189398 all at a cost but as long as the
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00786-00189399-00189671 benefits outweigh the costs seems to
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00787-00189672-00190211 work for us right Thank You CJ Ching
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00788-00190212-00191315 Jana what inspires you simple question
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00789-00191316-00192054 and I think what fires me the most is
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00790-00192055-00192278 meeting that person that gives me a
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00791-00192279-00192533 challenge because they challenged me to
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00792-00192534-00192743 come up with new options and a different
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00793-00192744-00193427 version of myself to learn okay Jillian
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00794-00193428-00193954 brilliant - so this one is actually to
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00795-00193955-00194128 all three of you now what I've found has
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00796-00194129-00194353 worked well in the past when the same
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00797-00194354-00194513 question has gone to multiple speakers
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00798-00194514-00194750 is that we sort of may put a time box on
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00799-00194751-00194948 your answers so if we can try and keep
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00800-00194949-00195335 your answers to 30 seconds each the
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00801-00195336-00195553 question is is what advice would you
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00802-00195554-00195800 give to someone breaking into the world
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00803-00195801-00196085 of scrum or agile on a larger scale Jeff
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00804-00196086-00196289 I'll go to you first if you could try
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00805-00196290-00196448 and click your answer to 30 seconds as I
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00806-00196449-00196622 say - it's all creative I hope this
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00807-00196623-00196775 isn't going to use up my 30 seconds but
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00808-00196776-00196931 can you just repeat it again to do with
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00809-00196932-00197261 larger scale of course so it's what
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00810-00197262-00197404 advice would you give to someone
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00811-00197405-00197665 breaking into scrum or agile on a wider
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00812-00197666-00198091 scale okay okay so breaking into it I
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00813-00198092-00198350 mean first of all as with anything and
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00814-00198351-00198512 again I'm gonna I'm gonna steal from
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00815-00198513-00198725 from the other people's talks today it's
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00816-00198726-00199052 how does it match who you are I think
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00817-00199053-00199274 there's the great thing about an agile
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00818-00199275-00199433 approach is there are there are so many
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00819-00199434-00199781 ways for you to to fulfill your or
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00820-00199782-00200024 actually increase your fulfillment but
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00821-00200025-00200243 it's got to be something that matches
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00822-00200244-00200429 your personal value so work out what's
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00823-00200430-00200461 in for
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00824-00200462-00200629 the game and then find a role an
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00825-00200630-00200931 organization that allows you to let them
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00826-00200932-00201508 thank you and shake it yeah very much
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00827-00201509-00201685 along what Jeff said right but I think
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00828-00201686-00201817 at the end of the day it just comes down
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00829-00201818-00202309 to adapting to that wider ecosystem
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00830-00202310-00202552 right so so bad he just spoke about the
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00831-00202553-00202693 individual from an enterprise
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00832-00202694-00202915 perspective I think you get a good
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00833-00202916-00203134 starting point in terms of bedding it
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00834-00203135-00203382 but then how we evolve and scale it
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00835-00203383-00203604 totally comes down to the organization
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00836-00203605-00204009 culture and you know what works well so
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00837-00204010-00204456 adapt to the organization's personality
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00838-00204457-00205119 Thank You CJ and Jana I would say check
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00839-00205119-00205354 yourself before you wreck yourself I
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00840-00205355-00205519 stick to it if you're about to think
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00841-00205519-00205831 about scaling and growing really draw
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00842-00205832-00205996 boundaries though what do you know that
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00843-00205996-00206265 you are comfortable at doing and that
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00844-00206266-00206521 you feel confident at what areas that do
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00845-00206521-00206715 you feel more weak at and I would say
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00846-00206716-00206983 find someone that you can consult or
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00847-00206984-00207198 that you can get some advice from to get
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00848-00207200-00207361 feedback Asia testing and learning
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00849-00207362-00207784 because if I reference back to jest he
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00850-00207785-00208096 actually puts what's up you're not the
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00851-00208096-00208369 only person starting this journey every
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00852-00208369-00208507 speaker and a lot of people in this
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00853-00208508-00208705 Meetup we've all gone on a similar
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00854-00208706-00208948 journey and although it's not going to
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00855-00208948-00209088 be with your journey and it's not gonna
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00856-00209089-00209361 be the same galing in that complexity
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00857-00209362-00209626 it's taking bits from other people's
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00858-00209627-00209817 learnings and applying your own to
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00859-00209819-00210088 really make it successful that's my
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00860-00210089-00210183 answer
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00861-00210184-00210619 thanks Jonah to Geoff and other than
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00862-00210619-00210841 your own can you recommend any books or
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00863-00210842-00211051 other literature that can help me on my
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00864-00211052-00211429 a July I said it's a difficult one
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00865-00211430-00211630 because I I would I wouldn't
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00866-00211631-00212008 I'd want to know more because I think if
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00867-00212009-00212137 you're interested in being a product
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00868-00212138-00212290 then I could go into different books if
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00869-00212291-00212569 you're interested in being business
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00870-00212569-00212866 analyst maybe or something else so I
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00871-00212867-00213088 suppose it would with the generic
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00872-00213089-00213388 question like that and Mike cones books
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00873-00213389-00213580 are great if you wanted to learn about
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00874-00213581-00213832 agile stuff if you wanted to go into
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00875-00213833-00213961 more of the philosophical underpinnings
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00876-00213962-00214183 one of my favorite books that I found
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00877-00214184-00214396 really really useful I was starting out
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00878-00214396-00214738 was the goal by Goldratt just the sort
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00879-00214739-00215110 of principles of really underpin what
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00880-00215111-00215292 agile is in many ways even though it's a
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00881-00215294-00215421 complete it's nothing to do with
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00882-00215423-00215619 software development and it's actually
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00883-00215621-00215752 quite a daunting but when you look at it
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00884-00215753-00215941 it's quite thick but it's a really easy
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00885-00215942-00216256 read and I think it's a bit of an
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00886-00216257-00216594 eye-opener for in many different ways
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00887-00216594-00216739 thanks Jeff
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00888-00216740-00217296 she sure did how has Co big 19 impacted
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00889-00217298-00217909 paper so surprisingly nada not as
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00890-00217910-00218065 extensively as we initially thought
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00891-00218066-00218442 right so I think base if in itself is
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00892-00218444-00218602 probably not very different from a lot
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00893-00218603-00218854 of firms out there right you were able
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00894-00218855-00219132 to make the transition to an all remote
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00895-00219133-00219396 working ecosystem relatively fast
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00896-00219396-00219748 literally no bumps there right probably
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00897-00219748-00219907 goes down to the industry that we were
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00898-00219908-00220344 in and for business perspective like it
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00899-00220346-00220489 many organizations I think we went into
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00900-00220490-00220771 toxic shock in april/may is kind of
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00901-00220771-00221002 beacon of emerging from that element of
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00902-00221003-00221227 shock to realize it probably wasn't as
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00903-00221228-00221532 bad as we thought it would be
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00904-00221533-00221731 hopefully this story just keeps getting
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00905-00221732-00222001 better right so so as disruptive as it
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00906-00222002-00222391 was in terms of changing things in my
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00907-00222392-00222802 mind irrevocably in for the future the
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00908-00222803-00223177 both you know the environment as well as
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00909-00223178-00223438 the business as a whole continue to be
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00910-00223439-00224271 pretty resilient Thank You CJ CJ when in
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00911-00224273-00224623 football
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00912-00224624-00224906 hideous personality display without any
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00913-00224907-00225162 feedback as it just made they didn't get
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00914-00225163-00226191 her nose that no no no there's not can
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00915-00226192-00226417 you try to reestablish
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00916-00226419-00226919 Oliver Bernhard you're sorry Jeff I'm
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00917-00226921-00227105 back in now I think my internet
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00918-00227106-00227585 connection was a little unstable yes I
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00919-00227586-00227810 think it was me so I'll repeat the
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00920-00227811-00227848 question
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00921-00227849-00228125 when providing feedback to a team and
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00922-00228126-00228356 being audacious how should personality
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00923-00228357-00228602 types play a role in how we deliver and
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00924-00228603-00229025 receive feedback I think you should
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00925-00229026-00229283 always be aware of your audience I think
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00926-00229284-00229457 in general there are a number of things
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00927-00229458-00229730 that human beings have in common but for
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00928-00229731-00229890 me the first thing the guys the feedback
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00929-00229891-00230163 is well there are two really important
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00930-00230164-00230276 things with regards to be better it's
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00931-00230277-00230492 more important it's more useful if it's
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00932-00230494-00230867 been asked for so just like in my
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00933-00230869-00231041 coaching work I really tried hard
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00934-00231042-00231320 sometimes I fail but I really try hard
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00935-00231321-00231560 to not go around inflicting my help on
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00936-00231561-00231813 people equally I don't want to go around
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00937-00231814-00232028 inflicting feedback on people if people
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00938-00232029-00232241 want my feedback I'll happily provide it
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00939-00232242-00232478 and that goes two ways as well because
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00940-00232479-00232590 if people give me some advance warning
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00941-00232591-00232703 about the fee by that they're looking
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00942-00232704-00232901 for I can be more more mindful about
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00943-00232902-00233045 what I'm looking at for a more helpful
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00944-00233046-00233487 offering I think the second thing for me
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00945-00233488-00233684 is is around just knowing the sort of
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00946-00233685-00234119 normal processing journey that we go
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00947-00234121-00234350 through we used to teach people about
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00948-00234351-00234632 the saara model where the first response
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00949-00234633-00234947 is shock or surprise often if it hasn't
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00950-00234948-00235304 been asked for why are you saying this
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00951-00235305-00235529 you know and the next one is often anger
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00952-00235530-00235794 how dare you who are you to tell me to
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00953-00235794-00235997 give me that kind of feedback yeah
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00954-00235998-00236222 before you can rationalize it which is
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00955-00236223-00236497 the are and the other are is rejection
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00956-00236498-00236885 and as a person receiving think barrier
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00957-00236886-00237179 talked a lot about D Bank I've got to be
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00958-00237180-00237317 where I've got to be aware a bit being
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00959-00237319-00237564 able to take that feedback as with the
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00960-00237565-00237704 pinch of salt that it deserves right
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00961-00237705-00237894 it's their perception it's
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00962-00237896-00238221 true it's a fact it's their truth but it
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00963-00238223-00238467 might not be truth to me and it might
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00964-00238469-00238825 not be useful to me so I don't just take
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00965-00238826-00238983 it just because it's been offered I
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00966-00238984-00239292 should consider it and then reject it if
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00967-00239294-00239494 it's not useful to me but if it is
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00968-00239494-00239800 useful to me then I'll accept it and
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00969-00239801-00240079 I'll take it on board so being aware
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00970-00240080-00240319 those people are on that curve you know
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00971-00240319-00240498 heard the whole phrase it sleep on it
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00972-00240500-00240742 quite often no you need to let people
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00973-00240742-00241050 sleep on things and just process it
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00974-00241051-00241269 sometimes subconsciously on their
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00975-00241271-00241515 journey home from work or something I
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00976-00241516-00241714 didn't like the whole we used to have
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00977-00241715-00242038 these same orange chairs in the office
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00978-00242039-00242217 at BT so where there's no orange
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00979-00242219-00242409 furniture in our house because they
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00980-00242410-00242619 would pay with the feedback chairs the
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00981-00242621-00242848 boss would come along from another
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00982-00242848-00243108 office he'd come in and to make his way
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00983-00243109-00243282 over to the orange comfy chairs and one
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00984-00243283-00243442 by one we'd be called over for our
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00985-00243442-00243655 feedback session and you'd just be
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00986-00243656-00243901 dreading it once once every six months
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00987-00243902-00244296 or something and yeah that's sort of
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00988-00244298-00244767 finality I don't really like thank you
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00989-00244767-00245116 to Jana what advice would you give to
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00990-00245117-00245452 somebody when going through an agile
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00991-00245453-00245746 transformation from a waterfall
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00992-00245746-00245934 environment if it's just not being
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00993-00245935-00246809 accepted I think to me this is probably
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00994-00246810-00247182 the hardest thing is when you are that
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00995-00247183-00247582 first agile person understand what they
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00996-00247583-00247771 know is their base in core knowledge if
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00997-00247771-00248137 it is waterfall don't be afraid to pick
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00998-00248138-00248208 up prints
+wrBjCsKRk6u-00999-00248209-00248632 - or maybe pay 300 or MFP or some of
+wrBjCsKRk6u-01000-00248633-00248883 those poor knowledge that they have and
+wrBjCsKRk6u-01001-00248884-00249055 try and take them on that journey of
+wrBjCsKRk6u-01002-00249056-00249328 transitioning across into agile because
+wrBjCsKRk6u-01003-00249329-00249732 usually what I've found is it's either
+wrBjCsKRk6u-01004-00249733-00249931 coming from fear they feel like they're
+wrBjCsKRk6u-01005-00249932-00250231 not going to have a role or they were
+wrBjCsKRk6u-01006-00250232-00250567 the best p.m. or delivery lead or
+wrBjCsKRk6u-01007-00250567-00250927 something and they feel but that purpose
+wrBjCsKRk6u-01008-00250928-00251109 or how they identify themselves might
+wrBjCsKRk6u-01009-00251110-00251248 not be the same if you
+wrBjCsKRk6u-01010-00251248-00251571 going to an agile but really it's not
+wrBjCsKRk6u-01011-00251573-00251887 about agile waterfall or how do you
+wrBjCsKRk6u-01012-00251888-00252109 bring them but it's about that outcome
+wrBjCsKRk6u-01013-00252110-00252342 what is that project what is the purpose
+wrBjCsKRk6u-01014-00252344-00252559 of that change in that project in
+wrBjCsKRk6u-01015-00252560-00252817 wrapping it around don't say I'm going
+wrBjCsKRk6u-01016-00252817-00252996 to teach you this and it's better but
+wrBjCsKRk6u-01017-00252998-00253216 come in with we're going to start
+wrBjCsKRk6u-01018-00253217-00253480 problem-solving differently I'm going to
+wrBjCsKRk6u-01019-00253481-00253966 be using techniques from scrum or other
+wrBjCsKRk6u-01020-00253967-00254125 agile techniques and we're just going to
+wrBjCsKRk6u-01021-00254126-00254373 introduce them in as a step by step and
+wrBjCsKRk6u-01022-00254375-00254596 what you want to do is build the trust
+wrBjCsKRk6u-01023-00254596-00254808 of those around you fir
+wrBjCsKRk6u-01024-00254809-00255148 rather than I like to say through the
+wrBjCsKRk6u-01025-00255148-00255517 guide at them that's kind of my answer
+wrBjCsKRk6u-01026-00255517-00255766 find that commonality and start with up
+wrBjCsKRk6u-01027-00255767-00256009 and build up and you will get that
+wrBjCsKRk6u-01028-00256010-00256212 transition and it will be hard because
+wrBjCsKRk6u-01029-00256213-00256459 every action has an equal and opposite
+wrBjCsKRk6u-01030-00256460-00256591 reaction and you've got to be prepared
+wrBjCsKRk6u-01031-00256592-00256840 for that for and you have to what I like
+wrBjCsKRk6u-01032-00256841-00257041 to say in one theory in the product
+wrBjCsKRk6u-01033-00257042-00257251 owners is is learn how to counter the
+wrBjCsKRk6u-01034-00257252-00257623 message before it comes back so agile
+wrBjCsKRk6u-01035-00257623-00257854 isn't working product owner or team
+wrBjCsKRk6u-01036-00257855-00258069 we've solved this problem that we
+wrBjCsKRk6u-01037-00258071-00258298 wouldn't have solved in the old way or
+wrBjCsKRk6u-01038-00258298-00258510 in the way we were thinking you've got
+wrBjCsKRk6u-01039-00258511-00258850 to have your messages very clear and
+wrBjCsKRk6u-01040-00258851-00259009 you've got to always counter act as a
+wrBjCsKRk6u-01041-00259010-00259269 team read in it so you might join a team
+wrBjCsKRk6u-01042-00259271-00259483 that might not be bought in at the start
+wrBjCsKRk6u-01043-00259484-00259639 that you've really got to build that
+wrBjCsKRk6u-01044-00259640-00259903 trust because they are the advocates for
+wrBjCsKRk6u-01045-00259904-00260326 the change thank you very much your
+wrBjCsKRk6u-01046-00260327-00260592 honor and that's the end of the
+wrBjCsKRk6u-01047-00260594-00260800 questions for this evening I'd like to
+wrBjCsKRk6u-01048-00260801-00261223 say really special thanks to Citrix your
+wrBjCsKRk6u-01049-00261223-00261459 honor and Jess for your fantastic
+wrBjCsKRk6u-01050-00261460-00261703 engaging and really insightful talks
+wrBjCsKRk6u-01051-00261704-00261940 this evening thank you very much and we
+wrBjCsKRk6u-01052-00261941-00262162 actually hit record numbers for remote
+wrBjCsKRk6u-01053-00262163-00262489 agile London tonight so thank you to
+wrBjCsKRk6u-01054-00262490-00262729 everyone for getting involved in joining
+wrBjCsKRk6u-01055-00262730-00263107 you know it's really appreciated just a
+wrBjCsKRk6u-01056-00263108-00263374 closing statement say from myself yeah I
+wrBjCsKRk6u-01057-00263375-00263605 feel it on our product London meet up
+wrBjCsKRk6u-01058-00263606-00263866 last night we're certainly starting to
+wrBjCsKRk6u-01059-00263867-00264034 see a bit of a positive change in the
+wrBjCsKRk6u-01060-00264035-00264238 world of recruitment and I'm not saying
+wrBjCsKRk6u-01061-00264239-00264469 that we've got very pleased coming out
+wrBjCsKRk6u-01062-00264470-00264625 of our ears at the moment but
+wrBjCsKRk6u-01063-00264626-00264850 we are slowly starting to see things
+wrBjCsKRk6u-01064-00264851-00265048 trickle through and our confidence that
+wrBjCsKRk6u-01065-00265049-00265423 will continue so if you are looking for
+wrBjCsKRk6u-01066-00265424-00265663 something new you know my name is Alex
+wrBjCsKRk6u-01067-00265664-00265861 Scriven I'm pretty easy to find on
+wrBjCsKRk6u-01068-00265862-00266263 linking linking to me and I will reach
+wrBjCsKRk6u-01069-00266264-00266512 out to anyone within my company that
+wrBjCsKRk6u-01070-00266513-00266728 will be able to help you for the
+wrBjCsKRk6u-01071-00266729-00266926 technology that you cover or area you
+wrBjCsKRk6u-01072-00266927-00267268 work in so thank you very much these
+wrBjCsKRk6u-01073-00267269-00267652 slides will be up and the video will be
+wrBjCsKRk6u-01074-00267653-00267808 shared through our communities page
+wrBjCsKRk6u-01075-00267809-00267988 which has a link to our youth Oliver
+wrBjCsKRk6u-01076-00267989-00268228 Bernhard YouTube page again thank you
+wrBjCsKRk6u-01077-00268229-00268462 very much Jeff Lana and Sagitta this
+wrBjCsKRk6u-01078-00268463-00268858 evening really enjoyed those talks and I
+wrBjCsKRk6u-01079-00268859-00269122 will see everyone next week thank you
+wrBjCsKRk6u-01080-00269123-00269647 very much so
+wsb0fL2O81E-00000-00000008-00000471 always test yourself it's on my website
+wsb0fL2O81E-00001-00000472-00000630 [Music]
+wsb0fL2O81E-00002-00000631-00000935 your relationship intelligence dot com
+wsb0fL2O81E-00003-00000936-00001079 forward slash
+wsb0fL2O81E-00004-00001080-00001207 supplements
+wsb0fL2O81E-00005-00001208-00001566 and there's the whole how to do that
+wsb0fL2O81E-00006-00001567-00001887 here's the next place to go
+wsb0fL2O81E-00007-00001888-00002255 in mainstream medicine
+wsb0fL2O81E-00008-00002256-00002487 a hundred people can come in with the
+wsb0fL2O81E-00009-00002488-00002742 same symptoms like for me i came in with
+wsb0fL2O81E-00010-00002743-00002902 high blood pressure
+wsb0fL2O81E-00011-00002903-00003150 what do they do
+wsb0fL2O81E-00012-00003151-00003479 everybody gets blood pressure medication
+wsb0fL2O81E-00013-00003479-00003695 the thing is a hundred people have a
+wsb0fL2O81E-00014-00003696-00003951 hundred different causes
+wsb0fL2O81E-00015-00003952-00004215 causing the high blood pressure
+wsb0fL2O81E-00016-00004216-00004631 that medication isn't the solution
+wsb0fL2O81E-00017-00004632-00004983 for all 100 of them it may be for some
+wsb0fL2O81E-00018-00004984-00005063 but
+wsb0fL2O81E-00019-00005064-00005231 chances are
+wsb0fL2O81E-00020-00005232-00005415 it's not
+wsb0fL2O81E-00021-00005416-00005683 for most of that hundred and you need to
+wsb0fL2O81E-00022-00005684-00005999 know what's the cause so when some
+wsb0fL2O81E-00023-00006000-00006367 things go and wacko in my health
+wsb0fL2O81E-00024-00006368-00006806 i ask the universe what do you want me
+wsb0fL2O81E-00025-00006808-00007039 to be aware of that i'm not paying
+wsb0fL2O81E-00026-00007040-00007492 attention to now
+wueX3LEN4ng-00000-00000442-00002883 [Music]
+wueX3LEN4ng-00003-00014131-00015174 [Music]
+wueX3LEN4ng-00004-00015175-00015483 [Music]
+wueX3LEN4ng-00005-00015484-00016527 envelope bro the bullet paper envelope
+wueX3LEN4ng-00006-00016528-00018021 italian envelope
+wueX3LEN4ng-00007-00018022-00018932 [Music]
+wueX3LEN4ng-00008-00018933-00019603 [Music]
+wueX3LEN4ng-00009-00019604-00020094 [Music]
+wueX3LEN4ng-00010-00020095-00020664 your vote
+wxBndwo4su8-00000-00000000-00000214 in this video we're going to look at
+wxBndwo4su8-00001-00000215-00000449 MATLAB greater MATLAB greater is a
+wxBndwo4su8-00002-00000450-00000674 platform we use for most workshops and
+wxBndwo4su8-00003-00000675-00000932 tests on the left you can see all the
+wxBndwo4su8-00004-00000933-00001118 current assignments the practice
+wxBndwo4su8-00005-00001119-00001286 problems section currently has four
+wxBndwo4su8-00006-00001287-00001502 problems but we add more problems every
+wxBndwo4su8-00007-00001503-00001709 time we release a workshop so check back
+wxBndwo4su8-00008-00001710-00001909 periodically if you want extra practice
+wxBndwo4su8-00009-00001910-00002167 let's dive into MATLAB greater and look
+wxBndwo4su8-00010-00002168-00002594 at the linspace practice problem
+wxBndwo4su8-00011-00002595-00002837 here we have the prompt at the top in
+wxBndwo4su8-00012-00002838-00003134 this case we want to recreate T and X
+wxBndwo4su8-00013-00003135-00003371 using linspace and said of the colon
+wxBndwo4su8-00014-00003372-00003614 operator the script box is where you
+wxBndwo4su8-00015-00003615-00003863 type in your code the first two lines
+wxBndwo4su8-00016-00003864-00004019 are grayed out which means they're
+wxBndwo4su8-00017-00004020-00004286 locked we do this sometimes because we
+wxBndwo4su8-00018-00004287-00004445 want everyone to have the same file
+wxBndwo4su8-00019-00004446-00004679 header or something once you're done
+wxBndwo4su8-00020-00004680-00004874 coding you can press the run script
+wxBndwo4su8-00021-00004875-00005165 button down here to run it if we scroll
+wxBndwo4su8-00022-00005166-00005329 down a little bit we can see the two
+wxBndwo4su8-00023-00005330-00005627 test cases in MATLAB greater there are
+wxBndwo4su8-00024-00005628-00005891 two types of tests pre-tests and hidden
+wxBndwo4su8-00025-00005892-00006158 tests both of these are marked as pre
+wxBndwo4su8-00026-00006159-00006452 tests in the pretest you can actually
+wxBndwo4su8-00027-00006453-00006623 see the code we use by clicking the
+wxBndwo4su8-00028-00006623-00006869 arrow next to the test case you'll also
+wxBndwo4su8-00029-00006870-00007091 be able to see any outputs a test case
+wxBndwo4su8-00030-00007092-00007394 produces in the hidden test you won't be
+wxBndwo4su8-00031-00007395-00007621 able to see anything we try to give you
+wxBndwo4su8-00032-00007622-00007877 as many pre tests as possible it makes
+wxBndwo4su8-00033-00007878-00008048 things more transparent and it helps you
+wxBndwo4su8-00034-00008048-00008219 debug if you know what the code is
+wxBndwo4su8-00035-00008220-00008488 checking these particular pre tests are
+wxBndwo4su8-00036-00008489-00008696 lazily written so this is actually a
+wxBndwo4su8-00037-00008697-00009002 pretty bad example anyways you have two
+wxBndwo4su8-00038-00009003-00009182 options to submit your code on the right
+wxBndwo4su8-00039-00009183-00009496 the run pretest button only runs tests
+wxBndwo4su8-00040-00009497-00009755 designated as a pre test since both of
+wxBndwo4su8-00041-00009756-00009980 the test cases are pre tests it'll check
+wxBndwo4su8-00042-00009981-00010244 them both however clicking the run
+wxBndwo4su8-00043-00010245-00010463 pretest button doesn't actually submit
+wxBndwo4su8-00044-00010464-00010691 your results to the gradebook hitting
+wxBndwo4su8-00045-00010692-00010874 this button doesn't count as an official
+wxBndwo4su8-00046-00010875-00011051 submission which is really helpful if
+wxBndwo4su8-00047-00011052-00011266 you only have say three chances at the
+wxBndwo4su8-00048-00011267-00011507 problem for workshops we don't usually
+wxBndwo4su8-00049-00011508-00011696 cap the number of submissions because we
+wxBndwo4su8-00050-00011697-00011810 want them to be a learning experience
+wxBndwo4su8-00051-00011811-00012194 but we usually do on tests to officially
+wxBndwo4su8-00052-00012195-00012355 submit your results for grading hit the
+wxBndwo4su8-00053-00012356-00012569 blue submit button when you press it
+wxBndwo4su8-00054-00012570-00012802 it'll run every test regardless of
+wxBndwo4su8-00055-00012803-00012968 whether it's a pre test or not and it
+wxBndwo4su8-00056-00012969-00013138 will save the results to the gradebook
+wxBndwo4su8-00057-00013138-00013355 always make sure that you hit submit
+wxBndwo4su8-00058-00013356-00013550 instead of run pre test once you're
+wxBndwo4su8-00059-00013551-00013712 thoroughly satisfied with your code
+wxBndwo4su8-00060-00013713-00013940 we've had problems in the past where
+wxBndwo4su8-00061-00013941-00014129 people would only hit the run pretest
+wxBndwo4su8-00062-00014130-00014363 and not submit and we couldn't do
+wxBndwo4su8-00063-00014363-00014513 anything about it because we couldn't
+wxBndwo4su8-00064-00014513-00014680 prove they actually submitted anything
+wxBndwo4su8-00065-00014681-00014905 since the run pretest button doesn't
+wxBndwo4su8-00066-00014906-00015275 formally submit your results all right I
+wxBndwo4su8-00067-00015276-00015419 want to show you an example of how
+wxBndwo4su8-00068-00015419-00015578 you're supposed to set up and solve a
+wxBndwo4su8-00069-00015579-00015821 typical workshop problem so let's go to
+wxBndwo4su8-00070-00015822-00016288 the minimum element
+wxBndwo4su8-00071-00016288-00016598 in this problem we want to find the
+wxBndwo4su8-00072-00016599-00016799 smallest element of a vector a without
+wxBndwo4su8-00073-00016800-00017084 using the built-in min function like the
+wxBndwo4su8-00074-00017085-00017269 last problem you have the prompt up top
+wxBndwo4su8-00075-00017270-00017474 but now you have a function box inside
+wxBndwo4su8-00076-00017475-00017672 of a script box because this specific
+wxBndwo4su8-00077-00017673-00017942 problem is set up as a function the
+wxBndwo4su8-00078-00017943-00018130 first eight lines are grayed out so you
+wxBndwo4su8-00079-00018131-00018341 won't be able to edit them this means
+wxBndwo4su8-00080-00018342-00018539 everyone's first eight lines will be the
+wxBndwo4su8-00081-00018540-00018728 same which is really helpful for us on
+wxBndwo4su8-00082-00018729-00018890 our end when we're looking at your code
+wxBndwo4su8-00083-00018891-00019144 it also ensures that everyone uses the
+wxBndwo4su8-00084-00019145-00019259 same variable names
+wxBndwo4su8-00085-00019260-00019469 everyone's output will be called min
+wxBndwo4su8-00086-00019470-00019667 value and everyone's input will be
+wxBndwo4su8-00087-00019668-00019949 called a lines two through eight provide
+wxBndwo4su8-00088-00019950-00020132 comments explaining each variable and
+wxBndwo4su8-00089-00020133-00020303 their dimensions which helps you orient
+wxBndwo4su8-00090-00020304-00020555 yourself with the code if we scroll down
+wxBndwo4su8-00091-00020556-00020753 you see this code to call your function
+wxBndwo4su8-00092-00020754-00021068 box in this box you can write code to
+wxBndwo4su8-00093-00021069-00021233 test out your function so you can do
+wxBndwo4su8-00094-00021234-00022039 something like this
+wxBndwo4su8-00095-00022040-00022268 and if you hit the run function
+wxBndwo4su8-00096-00022269-00022403 the bottom you'll hopefully see some
+wxBndwo4su8-00097-00022404-00022631 good results I actually don't use this
+wxBndwo4su8-00098-00022632-00022802 box at all because the test suite has
+wxBndwo4su8-00099-00022803-00023039 pretty much everything you need speaking
+wxBndwo4su8-00100-00023040-00023267 of which this problem also has two tests
+wxBndwo4su8-00101-00023268-00023459 both of which are pretest so you can
+wxBndwo4su8-00102-00023460-00023777 actually see the code we use the biggest
+wxBndwo4su8-00103-00023778-00023930 reason why we like to give you as many
+wxBndwo4su8-00104-00023931-00024146 pretest as possible is so you can copy
+wxBndwo4su8-00105-00024147-00024332 and paste your code into your local
+wxBndwo4su8-00106-00024333-00024395 MATLAB
+wxBndwo4su8-00107-00024396-00024617 I know it's incredibly tempting to just
+wxBndwo4su8-00108-00024618-00024842 type everything in here but I strongly
+wxBndwo4su8-00109-00024843-00025025 urge you to do everything in MATLAB
+wxBndwo4su8-00110-00025026-00025235 we've actually had a few cases where
+wxBndwo4su8-00111-00025236-00025445 MATLAB grater crashed because too many
+wxBndwo4su8-00112-00025446-00025622 people tried to submit their codes too
+wxBndwo4su8-00113-00025623-00025856 close to the deadline we've also had
+wxBndwo4su8-00114-00025857-00026000 some weird cases where the internet
+wxBndwo4su8-00115-00026001-00026174 suddenly crashed and people lost their
+wxBndwo4su8-00116-00026175-00026438 codes one of the biggest assets of this
+wxBndwo4su8-00117-00026439-00026672 class is the ability to recycle code in
+wxBndwo4su8-00118-00026673-00026906 your upper level classes I've already
+wxBndwo4su8-00119-00026907-00027122 had people email me saying they reuse
+wxBndwo4su8-00120-00027123-00027302 part of their code from this class in a
+wxBndwo4su8-00121-00027302-00027595 3000 level class if you ever need to do
+wxBndwo4su8-00122-00027597-00027812 this and I'm willing to bet you will you
+wxBndwo4su8-00123-00027813-00027958 can find him much more easily if you
+wxBndwo4su8-00124-00027960-00028151 have that saved on your computer instead
+wxBndwo4su8-00125-00028152-00028492 of trying to dig around on MATLAB grater
+wxBndwo4su8-00126-00028493-00028708 okay so let's actually solve this
+wxBndwo4su8-00127-00028710-00028967 problem first you want to go into matlab
+wxBndwo4su8-00128-00028968-00029150 and open up a new script like I have
+wxBndwo4su8-00129-00029151-00029365 here the first thing we want to do is
+wxBndwo4su8-00130-00029366-00030210 make a proper header
+wxBndwo4su8-00131-00030211-00030555 you
+wxBndwo4su8-00132-00030556-00030837 I like to have this clear CLC and close
+wxBndwo4su8-00133-00030838-00031017 all at the top of all my scripts just
+wxBndwo4su8-00134-00031018-00031335 for housekeeping purposes save your code
+wxBndwo4su8-00135-00031336-00031864 to a proper working directory
+wxBndwo4su8-00136-00031864-00032121 now we need to copy and paste all the
+wxBndwo4su8-00137-00032122-00032839 test cases
+wxBndwo4su8-00138-00032840-00033570 you
+wxBndwo4su8-00139-00033571-00033912 and test1 were explicitly showing you
+wxBndwo4su8-00140-00033913-00034170 what a vector we use this will be the
+wxBndwo4su8-00141-00034171-00034434 same every time then we call the
+wxBndwo4su8-00142-00034435-00034638 function you write and an additional
+wxBndwo4su8-00143-00034639-00035022 function my min underscore P code if we
+wxBndwo4su8-00144-00035023-00035211 go back to MATLAB grater and scroll up
+wxBndwo4su8-00145-00035212-00035406 we see that we need to download the my
+wxBndwo4su8-00146-00035407-00035684 min underscore Pico T file from canvas
+wxBndwo4su8-00147-00035685-00036009 the extension dot P means that it's a
+wxBndwo4su8-00148-00036010-00036282 protected code basically every dot P
+wxBndwo4su8-00149-00036283-00036594 file contains the solution P files are
+wxBndwo4su8-00150-00036595-00036777 encrypted so you can't actually see the
+wxBndwo4su8-00151-00036778-00037080 code it's a black box if we go back to
+wxBndwo4su8-00152-00037081-00037305 our MATLAB script we can see that my men
+wxBndwo4su8-00153-00037306-00037536 are two score P code outputs the actual
+wxBndwo4su8-00154-00037537-00037791 solution along with to exit flags that
+wxBndwo4su8-00155-00037792-00038001 you don't need to worry about what's
+wxBndwo4su8-00156-00038002-00038145 important here is that we're giving you
+wxBndwo4su8-00157-00038146-00038376 what the answer is but not how to get
+wxBndwo4su8-00158-00038377-00038646 the answer we want you to be able to see
+wxBndwo4su8-00159-00038647-00038817 what the answer is so you can better
+wxBndwo4su8-00160-00038818-00039207 debug okay so if we go back into canvas
+wxBndwo4su8-00161-00039208-00039437 we can navigate to the workshops and
+wxBndwo4su8-00162-00039438-00039693 then the practice problems folder and
+wxBndwo4su8-00163-00039694-00039915 you can see the mime end underscore Pico
+wxBndwo4su8-00164-00039916-00040197 D file download it and put it in the
+wxBndwo4su8-00165-00040198-00040473 same folder as your MATLAB script I did
+wxBndwo4su8-00166-00040474-00040641 this ahead of time so my folder Rd
+wxBndwo4su8-00167-00040642-00040811 contains the Pico
+wxBndwo4su8-00168-00040812-00041082 okay if we go back to the test case we
+wxBndwo4su8-00169-00041083-00041259 see that the next thing is this assert
+wxBndwo4su8-00170-00041260-00041514 statement the assert statement basically
+wxBndwo4su8-00171-00041515-00041679 tells MATLAB greater if your code is
+wxBndwo4su8-00172-00041680-00041949 right or not the P code file compares
+wxBndwo4su8-00173-00041950-00042144 your answer to the solution then sets
+wxBndwo4su8-00174-00042145-00042429 these two exit flags accordingly which
+wxBndwo4su8-00175-00042430-00042606 in turn is then used in the assert
+wxBndwo4su8-00176-00042607-00042858 statement if your code is right assert
+wxBndwo4su8-00177-00042859-00043074 evaluates to true and you pass the test
+wxBndwo4su8-00178-00043075-00043341 if your code is wrong assert evaluates
+wxBndwo4su8-00179-00043342-00043611 false and you fail the test and finally
+wxBndwo4su8-00180-00043612-00043794 we have an additional line that we
+wxBndwo4su8-00181-00043795-00043947 weren't actually supposed to copy and
+wxBndwo4su8-00182-00043948-00044130 paste into MATLAB so I'll just comment
+wxBndwo4su8-00183-00044131-00044460 them out
+wxBndwo4su8-00184-00044461-00044733 test 2 is set up in a pretty similar way
+wxBndwo4su8-00185-00044734-00044955 we're showing you what the a vector is
+wxBndwo4su8-00186-00044956-00045240 but this time it's randomized this is
+wxBndwo4su8-00187-00045241-00045442 pretty typical test one will usually
+wxBndwo4su8-00188-00045443-00045618 have numbers that don't change every
+wxBndwo4su8-00189-00045619-00045832 time but tests 2 will have some sort of
+wxBndwo4su8-00190-00045833-00046089 R and G function this means you'll get a
+wxBndwo4su8-00191-00046090-00046252 different result every time you run
+wxBndwo4su8-00192-00046253-00046510 tests - we need to go back into MATLAB
+wxBndwo4su8-00193-00046511-00046962 grader and copy the function box MATLAB
+wxBndwo4su8-00194-00046963-00047176 requires all user-defined functions to
+wxBndwo4su8-00195-00047177-00047361 be either in a separate file or at the
+wxBndwo4su8-00196-00047362-00047545 end of the main file so we put this
+wxBndwo4su8-00197-00047546-00047785 after all the test cases don't forget to
+wxBndwo4su8-00198-00047786-00048435 make a new header first
+wxBndwo4su8-00199-00048436-00048702 and this is the format you should be
+wxBndwo4su8-00200-00048703-00048892 using for all of your workshop problems
+wxBndwo4su8-00201-00048893-00049149 we have a housekeeping header with some
+wxBndwo4su8-00202-00049150-00049395 clear statements the two test cases and
+wxBndwo4su8-00203-00049396-00049577 then at the end the function that we're
+wxBndwo4su8-00204-00049578-00049799 going to write for the first couple
+wxBndwo4su8-00205-00049800-00049998 workshops all provide some templates you
+wxBndwo4su8-00206-00049999-00050310 can use for some of the problems since
+wxBndwo4su8-00207-00050311-00050502 everything is now set up let's go ahead
+wxBndwo4su8-00208-00050503-00050733 and solve it this happens to be one of
+wxBndwo4su8-00209-00050734-00051639 many solutions to this problem
+wxBndwo4su8-00210-00051640-00052067 you
+wxBndwo4su8-00211-00052069-00052314 if we run the code we see that all tests
+wxBndwo4su8-00212-00052315-00052614 passed each test shows us our answer and
+wxBndwo4su8-00213-00052615-00052986 the actual answer now let's just say we
+wxBndwo4su8-00214-00052987-00053192 made a mistake in test two I'm going to
+wxBndwo4su8-00215-00053194-00054199 hard code in an incorrect answer
+wxBndwo4su8-00216-00054200-00054482 now we see that tests - failed
+wxBndwo4su8-00217-00054483-00054707 I hope this said that facilitates better
+wxBndwo4su8-00218-00054708-00054967 programming and easier debugging you
+wxBndwo4su8-00219-00054969-00055141 don't have to understand every line of
+wxBndwo4su8-00220-00055142-00055325 code in the test suite but hopefully
+wxBndwo4su8-00221-00055326-00055520 this gave you a general overview of how
+wxBndwo4su8-00222-00055521-00055591 it works
+wxBndwo4su8-00223-00055592-00055853 barring my hard-coded wrong answer we
+wxBndwo4su8-00224-00055854-00056027 know everything works so all we need to
+wxBndwo4su8-00225-00056028-00056242 do is copy and paste our function back
+wxBndwo4su8-00226-00056244-00057485 into the function box in MATLAB greater
+wxBndwo4su8-00227-00057486-00057740 I'm gonna run the pretest
+wxBndwo4su8-00228-00057741-00058324 to be safe and sure enough both tests
+wxBndwo4su8-00229-00058325-00058559 passed if we open up the box we can see
+wxBndwo4su8-00230-00058560-00058756 the output and it's the exact same as we
+wxBndwo4su8-00231-00058757-00059009 see in MATLAB now we can go ahead and
+wxBndwo4su8-00232-00059010-00059711 submit our code to the gradebook we see
+wxBndwo4su8-00233-00059712-00059950 that both tests pass the test one was
+wxBndwo4su8-00234-00059951-00060241 worth zero percent because test one
+wxBndwo4su8-00235-00060242-00060446 usually contains a static answer we
+wxBndwo4su8-00236-00060447-00060637 typically don't give any points for that
+wxBndwo4su8-00237-00060638-00060874 problem but because test two has a
+wxBndwo4su8-00238-00060875-00061097 random number generator we'll give you
+wxBndwo4su8-00239-00061098-00061243 points for that since your code is
+wxBndwo4su8-00240-00061244-00061450 robust enough to handle any test case
+wxBndwo4su8-00241-00061451-00061741 don't be alarmed if your test one was
+wxBndwo4su8-00242-00061742-00061924 marked as correct but you see a zero
+wxBndwo4su8-00243-00061925-00062119 percent for that problem because this is
+wxBndwo4su8-00244-00062120-00062249 the case for the majority of the
+wxBndwo4su8-00245-00062250-00062674 workshops and that's it this is a
+wxBndwo4su8-00246-00062675-00062861 general procedure for solving workshop
+wxBndwo4su8-00247-00062862-00063086 problems please let me know if you have
+wxBndwo4su8-00248-00063087-00063451 any questions see you soon
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00000-00000360-00000567 dr feigenbaum received a bachelor's
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00001-00000568-00000831 degree in electrical engineering
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00002-00000832-00001039 from the city college of the city
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00003-00001040-00001207 university of new york
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00004-00001208-00001399 in 1964
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00005-00001400-00001558 and the next fall attended the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00006-00001559-00001879 massachusetts institute of technology as
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00007-00001880-00002223 a national science foundation fellow
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00008-00002224-00002415 he received a phd
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00009-00002416-00002758 from mit in 1970 in theoretical high
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00010-00002759-00002883 energy
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00011-00002884-00003110 physics then he became a research
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00012-00003111-00003270 associate
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00013-00003271-00003567 at first at cornell university and later
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00014-00003568-00003975 at virginia polytechnic institute
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00015-00003976-00004199 during his eight years at los alamos
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00016-00004200-00004438 national laboratory he began his
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00017-00004439-00004702 pioneering work in chaotic dynamical
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00018-00004703-00004815 systems
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00019-00004816-00005063 spurred on by attempts to understand
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00020-00005064-00005295 turbulence
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00021-00005296-00005511 his work at los alamos
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00022-00005512-00005743 earned him a fellowship
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00023-00005744-00006015 and the distinguished performance award
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00024-00006016-00006215 in 1982
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00025-00006216-00006406 he returned to cornell
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00026-00006408-00006598 as a professor of physics
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00027-00006600-00007031 where he continued his research on chaos
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00028-00007031-00007391 in 1987 he joined the faculty at
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00029-00007392-00007655 rockefeller university as the first
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00030-00007656-00007846 toyota professor
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00031-00007847-00008031 professor feigenbaum
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00032-00008031-00008231 has received many other honors for his
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00033-00008232-00008327 work
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00034-00008328-00008431 including
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00035-00008432-00008742 the wolf foundation prize in physics
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00036-00008743-00009039 the macarthur foundation award and the e
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00037-00009040-00009351 o lawrence memorial award
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00038-00009352-00009559 he is a fellow of the american physical
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00039-00009560-00009814 society and a member of the american
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00040-00009815-00010095 academy of arts and sciences
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00041-00010096-00010367 and the national academy of science
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00042-00010368-00010631 he is a member of the editorial boards
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00043-00010632-00010910 of the journal of mathematical physics
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00044-00010911-00011423 and advances in applied mathematics
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00045-00011424-00011646 feigenbaum's work in chaos has been
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00046-00011647-00011855 instrumental in establishing this new
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00047-00011856-00012006 science
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00048-00012007-00012327 he has authored at least 20 articles in
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00049-00012328-00012567 the area of chaos
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00050-00012568-00012919 non-linear dynamics and turbulence
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00051-00012919-00013183 until the initiation of systematic
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00052-00013184-00013399 studies of chaos
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00053-00013400-00013663 physics had been unable to predict or
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00054-00013663-00013919 describe events in nature
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00055-00013919-00014158 that exhibit erratic or turbulent
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00056-00014159-00014358 behavior
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00057-00014359-00014607 dr feigenbaum discerned distinct
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00058-00014608-00014807 patterns in the transition
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00059-00014808-00015063 from orderly sequences of numbers to
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00060-00015063-00015279 disorderly
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00061-00015280-00015486 he began with the realization of the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00062-00015487-00015735 futility of understanding the complexity
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00063-00015736-00016015 of turbulence and proceeded to study its
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00064-00016016-00016238 simplicity
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00065-00016240-00016439 in the study of simple nonlinear
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00066-00016440-00016575 equations
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00067-00016576-00016758 he found that different equations
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00068-00016759-00017015 produce the same pattern
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00069-00017016-00017199 he was able to demonstrate that these
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00070-00017200-00017335 patterns
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00071-00017336-00017575 possessed the mathematical property of
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00072-00017576-00017830 universality
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00073-00017831-00018079 the patterns of transitional disorder
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00074-00018080-00018279 were identical regardless of the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00075-00018280-00018519 physical system
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00076-00018520-00018735 dr feigenbaum was one of the first to
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00077-00018736-00018927 describe the period doubling route to
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00078-00018928-00019086 chaos
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00079-00019087-00019303 this theory has been used to explain
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00080-00019304-00019486 transitions in chemical
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00081-00019487-00019750 biological and physical systems
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00082-00019751-00020030 including dripping water faucets and
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00083-00020031-00020319 non-linear electronic circuits
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00084-00020320-00020567 dr feigenbaum continues to study
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00085-00020568-00020830 universality and transition in chaotic
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00086-00020831-00020935 systems
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00087-00020936-00021239 and is presently considering the problem
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00088-00021240-00021447 of the sensitive dependence on initial
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00089-00021448-00021655 conditions
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00090-00021656-00021830 we are very fortunate to have dr
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00091-00021831-00022039 feigenbaum with us this afternoon to
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00092-00022040-00022375 address the subject transition to chaos
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00093-00022376-00022546 dr feigenbaum
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00094-00022547-00024086 [Applause]
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00095-00024087-00024247 i think following that introduction i
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00096-00024248-00024391 don't have very much to talk about any
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00097-00024392-00024503 longer
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00098-00024504-00024599 but
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00099-00024600-00024742 i'll try to fill in some of those
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00100-00024743-00024919 details
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00101-00024920-00025103 also for the first time that i've ever
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00102-00025104-00025278 done so i have a written talk in front
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00103-00025279-00025486 of me and i have no idea what that will
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00104-00025487-00025727 do to my style and i'll probably bypass
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00105-00025727-00025894 it at some point
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00106-00025895-00025990 well
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00107-00025991-00026343 the study of chaos as you might know
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00108-00026344-00026567 is a study that's immersed within a
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00109-00026568-00026735 rather larger study
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00110-00026736-00027039 and that larger study is the study of
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00111-00027039-00027383 so-called strongly non-linear systems
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00112-00027383-00027670 and during the course of my talk i will
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00113-00027672-00027935 return to telling you what strongly
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00114-00027936-00028183 non-linear systems mean and of course to
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00115-00028183-00028527 say something or other about chaos
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00116-00028527-00028751 in the discipline of physics
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00117-00028752-00029055 there's a most prominent example of what
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00118-00029056-00029311 serves as a strongly non-linear chaotic
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00119-00029312-00029623 system if not worse than chaotic and
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00120-00029624-00029846 that problem if you will an exemplar is
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00121-00029847-00030087 the problem of turbulent motion in
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00122-00030088-00030335 fluids
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00123-00030336-00030590 chaos of course is not really the study
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00124-00030591-00030846 of the turbulent motion of fluids
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00125-00030847-00031102 on the other hand it serves as a very
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00126-00031103-00031262 powerful icon
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00127-00031263-00031462 that any good physicist working in the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00128-00031463-00031623 subject will keep in the back of his
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00129-00031624-00031927 mind to always remind him what are the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00130-00031927-00032127 kinds of questions he should be
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00131-00032127-00032439 endeavoring to understand
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00132-00032439-00032767 as with all rather good icons
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00133-00032768-00032974 one of the virtues is that you can
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00134-00032975-00033223 immediately although only vaguely
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00135-00033224-00033399 understand some general sort of
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00136-00033400-00033702 questions you would like to discuss
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00137-00033703-00033895 you can of course do better that than
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00138-00033896-00034118 that and think of some rather precise
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00139-00034119-00034359 questions you would like to understand
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00140-00034360-00034607 however it's important to realize
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00141-00034608-00034879 that if you don't really understand
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00142-00034880-00035102 what an object is
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00143-00035103-00035302 what are the right things to think about
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00144-00035303-00035479 about that object
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00145-00035480-00035662 then you can't really figure out in
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00146-00035663-00035951 advance what questions to ask as to how
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00147-00035952-00036174 those different objects questions
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00148-00036175-00036383 thoughts whatever should be related to
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00149-00036384-00036511 one another
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00150-00036512-00036655 and so while
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00151-00036656-00036887 there exists a rather separate entity
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00152-00036888-00037127 from science which is i suppose the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00153-00037128-00037359 entity of technology
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00154-00037360-00037559 in technology the circumstance is often
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00155-00037560-00037823 different one is definitely faced with
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00156-00037824-00037959 problems one would like to build
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00157-00037960-00038167 submarines airplanes various things like
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00158-00038168-00038390 that that must move within an
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00159-00038391-00038646 environment that exhibits turbulent
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00160-00038647-00038887 behavior and for the need however that
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00161-00038888-00039118 need is perceived of constructing these
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00162-00039119-00039367 objects one is then forced to offer some
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00163-00039368-00039551 sort of understanding
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00164-00039552-00039799 however in the discipline of a science
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00165-00039800-00040007 one has a rather different obligation
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00166-00040008-00040174 one doesn't necessarily only want to
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00167-00040175-00040351 give answers that are sort of quick fix
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00168-00040352-00040615 answers in fact to the contrary one
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00169-00040616-00040830 really wants to understand what are the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00170-00040831-00041071 right things that one should be doing to
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00171-00041072-00041343 come to embrace a larger class larger
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00172-00041344-00041462 even than the questions that you're
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00173-00041463-00041687 thinking about as to how one
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00174-00041688-00041990 analytically quantitatively can describe
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00175-00041991-00042239 various aspects of nature
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00176-00042240-00042311 so
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00177-00042312-00042623 i'll mostly be talking about things from
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00178-00042624-00042879 much more of a scientific perspective
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00179-00042880-00043079 the fundamental questions as i perceive
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00180-00043080-00043230 them are
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00181-00043231-00043455 what is the nature of the objects that
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00182-00043456-00043639 we're observing what are the right ways
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00183-00043640-00043855 to describe them and if we know
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00184-00043856-00044055 something about that then
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00185-00044056-00044246 how do we formulate rather good
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00186-00044247-00044439 questions to ask which have to do with
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00187-00044440-00044735 relations between these things
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00188-00044736-00044918 well
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00189-00044919-00045127 continuing with this image
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00190-00045128-00045318 of a complicated fluid motion you should
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00191-00045319-00045583 think of all kinds of swirling things
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00192-00045584-00045767 there are lots of parts if you look at a
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00193-00045768-00045911 fluid if you look at the foam at the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00194-00045912-00046127 bottom of a waterfall you know there are
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00195-00046128-00046311 lots of different parts all doing very
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00196-00046312-00046502 complicated different things
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00197-00046503-00046702 and you have to ask yourself how are you
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00198-00046703-00046990 going to describe these innumerable
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00199-00046991-00047167 numbers of parts together with their
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00200-00047168-00047367 complicated motions
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00201-00047368-00047646 well historically say since laplace
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00202-00047647-00047895 has been a rather well understood method
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00203-00047896-00048086 it's a method that any scientist any
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00204-00048087-00048295 analytical scientist will turn to and
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00205-00048296-00048495 the method is of course a statistical
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00206-00048496-00048623 method
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00207-00048624-00048871 that simply means that rather than
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00208-00048872-00049046 discussing what
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00209-00049047-00049286 a million different things will do one
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00210-00049287-00049462 would rather at least like to know the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00211-00049463-00049743 act the answer to what will some
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00212-00049744-00050015 well-chosen representative if you will
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00213-00050016-00050279 average quantities do instead it's easy
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00214-00050280-00050527 to offer examples of that
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00215-00050528-00050743 if you observe a certain population
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00216-00050744-00050951 voting or a certain population being
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00217-00050952-00051190 hold as to how it might vote
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00218-00051191-00051414 then of course one thing that's rather
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00219-00051415-00051607 easy to understand is a statement that
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00220-00051608-00051846 34 percent of the people voted for this
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00221-00051847-00052102 particular person and it's probably
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00222-00052103-00052350 preferable to get that answer than to
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00223-00052351-00052542 have presented in front of you the list
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00224-00052544-00052775 of the several millions of voters each
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00225-00052776-00052942 one having voted for this one that one
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00226-00052944-00053103 or the other one
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00227-00053104-00053311 the same situation is of course true in
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00228-00053312-00053559 various physical circumstances
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00229-00053560-00053854 if i think of a gas of particles
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00230-00053855-00054038 the air in this room
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00231-00054039-00054294 then it's an easy question to ask an
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00232-00054295-00054399 answer
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00233-00054400-00054687 what is the total number of particles
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00234-00054688-00054894 which is in some sense a rather
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00235-00054895-00055079 measurable quantity
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00236-00055079-00055359 inside the volume of this room which is
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00237-00055360-00055599 quite easily measurable that is i'm
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00238-00055600-00055807 interested in knowing how many particles
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00239-00055808-00056071 on the average per unit volume are there
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00240-00056072-00056335 that's a rather easy question to answer
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00241-00056336-00056566 a very different question is to look at
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00242-00056567-00056815 the avogadro's odd number of particles
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00243-00056816-00057119 10 to the 23rd as you've heard before
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00244-00057120-00057326 for each one of those particles to say
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00245-00057327-00057550 at any one moment of time where is it
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00246-00057551-00057647 now
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00247-00057648-00057807 how quickly is it moving and in what
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00248-00057808-00057999 direction that obviously is an
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00249-00058000-00058230 insuperable sort of question to ask it's
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00250-00058232-00058382 insuperable even to write down the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00251-00058383-00058511 answer
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00252-00058512-00058647 probably there doesn't exist enough
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00253-00058648-00058799 paper to write down what such a
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00254-00058800-00059030 statement would mean and so often in
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00255-00059032-00059279 these various pursuits of looking at
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00256-00059279-00059566 complicated things one replaces the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00257-00059567-00059782 problem of asking for sort of the most
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00258-00059783-00059982 information by a rather different
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00259-00059983-00060271 problem of asking what are more average
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00260-00060272-00060526 properties that we might talk about
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00261-00060527-00060854 well that's all well and good
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00262-00060855-00061142 it's certainly good if you set about and
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00263-00061144-00061326 try to measure them although that can be
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00264-00061327-00061559 arduous in many circumstances
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00265-00061560-00061742 but as a theoretician
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00266-00061744-00061926 one of course would like to know how to
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00267-00061927-00062094 predict these things
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00268-00062095-00062303 so while i might say it's rather easy to
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00269-00062304-00062519 talk about how many particles per unit
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00270-00062520-00062663 volume are there
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00271-00062664-00062838 it's a different question for me to go
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00272-00062839-00063094 ahead and tell you theoretically how you
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00273-00063095-00063342 would come to that knowledge
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00274-00063344-00063623 well as in all statistical questions
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00275-00063624-00063847 there's a definite procedure
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00276-00063848-00064094 is a definite thing that you have to do
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00277-00064095-00064271 if you want to be able to render such a
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00278-00064272-00064423 prediction
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00279-00064424-00064671 and the relevant object is called a
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00280-00064672-00064942 distribution function and what it means
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00281-00064944-00065094 to think for example about these
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00282-00065095-00065254 problems of voters
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00283-00065255-00065543 is that imagine you run the vote again
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00284-00065544-00065719 and again and again and again
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00285-00065720-00066079 in the end innumerable number of times
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00286-00066080-00066343 each time you run the vote you see what
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00287-00066344-00066775 the answer comes out as 34 this time 37
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00288-00066776-00066919 the next time
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00289-00066920-00067135 and you now count up
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00290-00067136-00067406 how many times do you see each number so
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00291-00067407-00067655 if you do a billion different votes
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00292-00067656-00067926 and you happen to see 37 happening one
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00293-00067927-00068150 million times that's one of the datum
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00294-00068151-00068375 that you care about and you now
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00295-00068376-00068575 produce the set of answers for each
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00296-00068576-00068726 different outcome
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00297-00068727-00068919 how often did you see the population
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00298-00068920-00069063 doing that
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00299-00069064-00069255 such an entity is called a distribution
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00300-00069256-00069511 function if you can find that then of
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00301-00069512-00069726 course you can make a lot of answers
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00302-00069727-00069982 should it turn out that out of a million
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00303-00069983-00070223 attempts to do the vote the answer was
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00304-00070224-00070423 always 37 percent
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00305-00070424-00070550 then of course the next time the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00306-00070551-00070775 population votes with rather high
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00307-00070776-00071006 confidence you could say the answer will
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00308-00071007-00071206 be 37 percent
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00309-00071207-00071455 should it have turned out instead
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00310-00071456-00071543 that
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00311-00071544-00071847 you saw one million voting 37 percent
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00312-00071848-00072094 1.2 million voting 38
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00313-00072095-00072391 1.1 million voting 39
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00314-00072392-00072671 and a rather uniform distribution
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00315-00072672-00072838 then what you can say is what the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00316-00072839-00073111 average will be you can say
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00317-00073112-00073311 how big a deviation from that average
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00318-00073312-00073526 number you might anticipate but you
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00319-00073527-00073694 certainly wouldn't want to put too much
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00320-00073695-00073935 money on making a precise statement that
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00321-00073936-00074167 it will vote this way so in general if
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00322-00074168-00074359 you want to understand with these more
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00323-00074360-00074671 average statements mean it is your job
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00324-00074672-00074887 to furnish one of these distribution
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00325-00074888-00075006 functions
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00326-00075007-00075279 well that's well and good we now ask
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00327-00075280-00075623 how theoretically do we come to do this
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00328-00075624-00075711 well
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00329-00075712-00075967 their things don't work quite so easily
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00330-00075968-00076223 if i think about the problem of voters
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00331-00076224-00076406 i don't have the vaguest idea
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00332-00076407-00076606 theoretically how to predict such a
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00333-00076607-00076991 thing in fact for various of
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00334-00076992-00077175 of some of the sciences that we
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00335-00077176-00077415 contemplate sciences of economic
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00336-00077416-00077694 sciences of sociology and so forth
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00337-00077695-00077894 the state of those sciences and their
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00338-00077895-00078143 predictive powers aren't yet of that
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00339-00078144-00078399 strength that we know how to go about
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00340-00078400-00078599 and determine in advance what these
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00341-00078600-00078831 distribution functions might be
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00342-00078832-00079038 so from this point onwards i won't say
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00343-00079039-00079238 anything further about those sort of
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00344-00079239-00079415 economic sociological what-have-you
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00345-00079416-00079606 pursuits
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00346-00079607-00079782 on the other hand the circumstance and
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00347-00079783-00080087 physics should be drastically different
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00348-00080088-00080326 if i return to the question of what is
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00349-00080327-00080526 the fluid going to do
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00350-00080527-00080759 well again the fluid has so many parts
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00351-00080760-00080982 to it that i would probably prefer to
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00352-00080983-00081199 answer a simpler question of knowing
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00353-00081200-00081375 some average information
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00354-00081376-00081647 however here i want some rather specific
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00355-00081648-00081815 average information
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00356-00081816-00082038 fluid motions are characterized by the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00357-00082039-00082206 fact that there are sort of worlds in
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00358-00082207-00082415 them there are eddies the fluid is
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00359-00082416-00082623 moving around in little vortices lots of
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00360-00082624-00082879 them are moving around moving past each
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00361-00082880-00083047 other changing the character and so
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00362-00083048-00083247 forth i could ask
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00363-00083248-00083455 what would turn out to be too simple a
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00364-00083456-00083823 question which is to know of each size
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00365-00083824-00083967 of these eddies
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00366-00083968-00084255 how often do i expect to see such and
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00367-00084256-00084550 such a rate of rotation
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00368-00084551-00084718 i actually would like to know even
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00369-00084719-00084911 richer statements than that i would like
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00370-00084912-00085199 to know at this point in space
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00371-00085200-00085494 how often do i expect to see this size
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00372-00085495-00085823 eddy with this value of its rotation
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00373-00085824-00086055 these are rather specific questions they
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00374-00086056-00086279 get to be rather detailed they almost
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00375-00086280-00086479 tell you everything that's going on but
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00376-00086480-00086735 i still very truly am going to average
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00377-00086736-00086975 what i'm going to average over is the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00378-00086976-00087175 infinitude if you will of the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00379-00087176-00087406 innumerable little pieces that the fluid
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00380-00087407-00087599 is comprised of
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00381-00087600-00087831 well we are in principle in a vastly
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00382-00087832-00087967 better position
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00383-00087968-00088206 in the physics of these fluids because
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00384-00088207-00088462 we happen to own certain microscopic
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00385-00088463-00088559 laws
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00386-00088560-00088806 that is we reasonably well believe that
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00387-00088807-00089006 we have a very good representative set
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00388-00089007-00089255 of equations the so-called navier-stokes
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00389-00089256-00089567 equations that reasonably well describe
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00390-00089568-00089759 what such a fluid should do
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00391-00089760-00090062 but what these equations tell us is how
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00392-00090063-00090367 this microscopic piece of the fluid is
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00393-00090368-00090671 going to behave in the course of time
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00394-00090672-00090918 so we have an assembly of
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00395-00090919-00091135 virtually an infinite number of such
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00396-00091136-00091415 pieces we're told for a teeny amount of
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00397-00091416-00091647 time following that how each of these
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00398-00091648-00091831 pieces will move
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00399-00091832-00092023 from that knowledge which we believe is
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00400-00092024-00092255 reasonably firm knowledge can we now go
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00401-00092256-00092455 ahead and figure out what these
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00402-00092456-00092687 distribution functions are that at least
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00403-00092688-00092911 will allow us to answer various
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00404-00092912-00093206 statistical questions
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00405-00093207-00093311 well
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00406-00093312-00093543 turns out that this is not either a very
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00407-00093544-00093774 easy question as a matter of fact no one
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00408-00093775-00094071 knows how to do it at all
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00409-00094072-00094326 there's a rather happy circumstance that
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00410-00094327-00094567 exists it's existed since the latter
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00411-00094568-00094774 part of the last century and it's the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00412-00094775-00095038 subject called statistical mechanics
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00413-00095039-00095294 statistical mechanics is precisely a
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00414-00095295-00095543 piece of theoretical physics that allows
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00415-00095544-00095855 us to guess to know sometimes apparently
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00416-00095856-00096111 to truly know in advance what these
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00417-00096112-00096359 distributions will turn out to be
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00418-00096360-00096550 there are wonderful results that have
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00419-00096551-00096767 issued out of statistical mechanics
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00420-00096768-00097006 coupled together with quantum mechanics
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00421-00097007-00097174 some of our very best knowledge the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00422-00097175-00097438 nature of black body radiation various
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00423-00097439-00097606 things that even led to the formulation
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00424-00097607-00097806 of quantum mechanics it's an immense
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00425-00097807-00098015 host of knowledge that works out
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00426-00098016-00098255 wonderfully well in comparison to the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00427-00098256-00098526 measured behaviors in the world
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00428-00098527-00098831 but if one looks and inspects
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00429-00098832-00098999 what are the kinds of problems that
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00430-00099000-00099271 statistical mechanics can solve
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00431-00099272-00099518 then we discover that at the very heart
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00432-00099519-00099638 of this subject
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00433-00099639-00099855 is a very important assumption
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00434-00099856-00100087 the assumption goes under many names the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00435-00100088-00100335 mathematical name is called eraticity
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00436-00100336-00100535 has different sorts of names
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00437-00100536-00100743 the answer is in fact one of utmost
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00438-00100744-00100903 triviality
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00439-00100904-00101055 the way in which the theory of
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00440-00101056-00101294 statistical mechanics is put together is
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00441-00101295-00101503 simply that if you look at all the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00442-00101504-00101847 different microscopic configurations all
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00443-00101848-00102031 the different ways that this fluid
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00444-00102032-00102223 particle can be here moving at that
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00445-00102224-00102478 speed and do that for every one of them
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00446-00102479-00102702 there are very very many such
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00447-00102703-00102951 configurations that can correspond to a
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00448-00102952-00103230 given macroscopic behavior in any of
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00449-00103231-00103542 this size loosely sitting at that place
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00450-00103543-00103839 well the rules of statistical mechanics
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00451-00103840-00104102 is that each one of these microscopic
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00452-00104103-00104254 configurations
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00453-00104255-00104630 is exactly as apt to occur as any other
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00454-00104631-00104806 and that's fundamentally
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00455-00104807-00105031 the entire backdrop of statistical
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00456-00105032-00105295 mechanics if that statement proves to be
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00457-00105296-00105495 true then you're in business if it
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00458-00105496-00105727 doesn't prove to be true then you're not
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00459-00105728-00105886 in business and you have to do something
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00460-00105888-00106086 else
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00461-00106088-00106415 the problem is that if it isn't true our
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00462-00106416-00106615 mathematical knowledge to date is such
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00463-00106616-00106878 that fundamentally we can't do anything
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00464-00106879-00107110 at all
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00465-00107111-00107343 so this is the basic problem we know
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00466-00107344-00107495 what we want to do
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00467-00107496-00107654 we want to figure out an appropriate
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00468-00107655-00107871 distribution function say for a
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00469-00107872-00108047 turbulent fluid or from others some
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00470-00108048-00108383 other such problem that will allow us to
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00471-00108383-00108607 produce our statistical average
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00472-00108608-00108823 predictions which we could then confront
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00473-00108824-00109031 with experimental measurements but we
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00474-00109032-00109254 are unable at the moment to figure out
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00475-00109255-00109519 how to do that
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00476-00109520-00109734 as a matter of fact
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00477-00109735-00109934 not only is it difficult to figure out
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00478-00109935-00110095 how to do it
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00479-00110096-00110351 it is an extra problem and the extra
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00480-00110352-00110590 problem is that we don't even
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00481-00110591-00110854 mathematically understand what the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00482-00110855-00111078 nature of the distribution function that
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00483-00111079-00111447 we're looking for is going to be
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00484-00111448-00111831 if one were pressed at the moment
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00485-00111832-00112054 you demand of me to say well what will
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00486-00112055-00112407 it look like then i would have to offer
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00487-00112408-00112647 a prognosis that will be something
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00488-00112648-00112910 extraordinarily complicated it won't
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00489-00112911-00113102 just be that it's something smooth with
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00490-00113103-00113310 some bumps in it it will probably be
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00491-00113311-00113575 something horrendously complicated a
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00492-00113576-00113751 mathematical object
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00493-00113752-00113934 whose nature we don't understand at the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00494-00113935-00114175 moment as a matter of fact whose nature
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00495-00114176-00114383 we don't even know amongst what class of
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00496-00114383-00114743 things it's to be sought amongst
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00497-00114744-00114951 if it should turn out to be a fractal
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00498-00114952-00115047 object
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00499-00115048-00115334 and with some rather simple generosity
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00500-00115335-00115663 of thought almost all complicated things
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00501-00115664-00115886 of these shape-like geometric structures
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00502-00115888-00116071 could be termed fractal
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00503-00116072-00116247 then almost certainly it will be a
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00504-00116248-00116543 fractal object beyond the description
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00505-00116544-00116815 that we now know how to perform
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00506-00116816-00117063 and so at the present moment one is
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00507-00117064-00117286 faced with a challenge that one doesn't
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00508-00117288-00117527 really have the vagus idea as to how to
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00509-00117528-00117839 proceed in doing this problem
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00510-00117840-00118039 let me just show you some pictures very
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00511-00118040-00118351 quickly to give you an idea from vastly
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00512-00118352-00118519 simpler problems
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00513-00118520-00118671 what are the sorts of things we
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00514-00118672-00118943 encounter which will give you some idea
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00515-00118944-00119951 as to why my prognosis is perhaps sad
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00516-00119952-00120295 here's an example
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00517-00120296-00120439 is this working yes
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00518-00120440-00120743 here's an example of a very simple
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00519-00120744-00121095 object
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00520-00121096-00121390 what you're looking at over here
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00521-00121391-00121599 is the behavior of a very simple
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00522-00121600-00121783 mechanical system
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00523-00121783-00122119 this mechanical system consists of a
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00524-00122120-00122231 cylinder
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00525-00122232-00122527 just a hollow tube
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00526-00122528-00122710 sitting inside the tube
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00527-00122711-00122966 is a piston so just a disc that
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00528-00122967-00123231 perfectly fills up the side of the tube
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00529-00123232-00123527 it can move up and down and the piston
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00530-00123528-00123823 is being supported by a gas so of course
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00531-00123824-00123999 if you have a tube closed at the bottom
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00532-00124000-00124278 with a piston on top and this air inside
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00533-00124279-00124486 the piston will come somewhere to settle
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00534-00124488-00124702 at a certain place it won't fall to the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00535-00124703-00124910 bottom because of course there's the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00536-00124911-00125143 presence of this gas which can exert a
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00537-00125144-00125431 pressure to push the piston back up
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00538-00125432-00125671 well let's drastically simplify that
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00539-00125672-00126039 problem and replace the gas by just one
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00540-00126040-00126158 molecule
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00541-00126159-00126399 so this is a picture that has to do with
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00542-00126400-00126686 a very easy sort of well-known problem
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00543-00126688-00126895 it's a problem of a piston being
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00544-00126896-00127143 supported inside a cylinder held up by a
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00545-00127144-00127366 gas but the gas
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00546-00127367-00127663 consists of precisely one particle
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00547-00127664-00127847 well
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00548-00127848-00128039 a natural thing to do
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00549-00128040-00128263 rather than to show you how this gas
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00550-00128264-00128454 particle is moving because basically
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00551-00128455-00128614 most of the time is just sort of moving
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00552-00128615-00128871 straight until it bangs into the piston
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00553-00128872-00129078 and reverses its direction
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00554-00129079-00129271 so what i'll do instead
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00555-00129272-00129583 is only look at those moments when the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00556-00129583-00129847 gas particle hits the piston
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00557-00129848-00130086 at that moment i'll put a dot in this
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00558-00130088-00130302 picture according to
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00559-00130303-00130510 how high up the particle was which is
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00560-00130511-00130727 the same height as the piston and what
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00561-00130728-00130878 its speed was
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00562-00130879-00131087 and if i accumulate all of those points
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00563-00131088-00131254 so each point here
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00564-00131255-00131463 gas particle has gone down hit the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00565-00131464-00131687 bottom of the tube come back up and
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00566-00131688-00131911 re-collided with the piston each one of
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00567-00131912-00132223 those points is one entire circuit of
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00568-00132224-00132351 this motion
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00569-00132352-00132639 and if you look at how these points lie
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00570-00132640-00132831 you'll immediately observe
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00571-00132832-00132983 that in no way
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00572-00132984-00133207 do they fill up this whole plane in
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00573-00133208-00133390 order for a statistical mechanical
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00574-00133391-00133687 treatment to work it must be the case
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00575-00133688-00133935 that this surface should have been
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00576-00133936-00134263 uniformly perfectly filled with points
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00577-00134264-00134511 so here's a very simple example where if
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00578-00134512-00134751 when asked out of this problem what is
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00579-00134752-00135031 the statistical behavior that you expect
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00580-00135032-00135207 what is the average height if you want
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00581-00135208-00135414 of the piston what are the fluctuations
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00582-00135415-00135614 about its average height those are
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00583-00135615-00135823 questions at the moment no one knows how
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00584-00135824-00135999 to answer this is already a
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00585-00136000-00136263 representative example of a problem
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00586-00136264-00136487 whose average motion is already
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00587-00136488-00136702 sufficiently complicated that we don't
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00588-00136703-00136911 have the means to understand it you can
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00589-00136912-00137135 see that there's a big hole here there
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00590-00137136-00137287 are holes here you can see there are
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00591-00137288-00137439 little holes elsewhere
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00592-00137440-00137671 all of the points that look dense
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00593-00137672-00137887 they're just one starting point we start
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00594-00137888-00138102 off the piston in the gas particle in a
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00595-00138103-00138335 certain way we watch it bounce after
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00596-00138336-00138607 bounce after bounce and that fills in
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00597-00138608-00138839 all of these points
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00598-00138840-00139071 starting it perhaps at this point
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00599-00139072-00139302 it will run around these three although
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00600-00139303-00139463 it turns out there are four copies of
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00601-00139464-00139751 them so after 12 collisions it will come
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00602-00139752-00139990 right back to the same point and there's
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00603-00139991-00140151 an immense variety of different
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00604-00140152-00140383 behaviors that we would observe and so
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00605-00140384-00140639 to average over them is something that
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00606-00140640-00140895 is absolutely forbidding and as i said
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00607-00140896-00141095 no one knows at the moment how to really
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00608-00141096-00141702 do even so trivial a problem as that
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00609-00141703-00141943 as another example
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00610-00141944-00142143 this is perhaps slightly more
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00611-00142144-00142366 reminiscent of fluids
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00612-00142367-00142535 this is an example of the so-called
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00613-00142536-00142743 strange attractor that appears in a
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00614-00142744-00143039 modestly elementary equation
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00615-00143040-00143199 i'm not going to bother saying what
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00616-00143200-00143423 one's doing again one is getting points
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00617-00143424-00143735 on this picture because we have a smooth
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00618-00143736-00143951 system it's a mass on a spring more or
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00619-00143952-00144111 less it's running around
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00620-00144112-00144343 however we only watch what it's doing
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00621-00144344-00144647 every one second and we put down a point
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00622-00144648-00144814 according to where it is and what its
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00623-00144815-00144926 speed is
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00624-00144927-00145151 every one second that we take a picture
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00625-00145152-00145439 of it and we do that we see a reasonably
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00626-00145440-00145695 complicated object if i wanted to
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00627-00145696-00145911 compute the statistical behavior of this
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00628-00145912-00146014 object
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00629-00146015-00146223 it would have been child's play it would
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00630-00146224-00146407 have been the statistical mechanics that
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00631-00146408-00146654 we've inherited had these points rather
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00632-00146655-00146983 uniformly filled up this space
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00633-00146984-00147199 here i'm now pressed to answer a much
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00634-00147200-00147471 harder question what is this object just
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00635-00147472-00147702 how does it fill up this space how am i
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00636-00147703-00147966 going to do the correct averaging only
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00637-00147967-00148151 over those points
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00638-00148152-00148454 that this particular object only visits
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00639-00148455-00148671 statistical mechanics has happily
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00640-00148672-00148902 cheated because it simply guesses in
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00641-00148903-00149087 advance that it would have visited
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00642-00149088-00149214 everything
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00643-00149215-00149511 if problems exist for which that is true
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00644-00149512-00149695 and there are hosts of such problems
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00645-00149696-00149911 some of them extraordinary problems then
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00646-00149912-00150119 you're in business as i said before
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00647-00150120-00150366 in this problem you're not and again to
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00648-00150367-00150607 figure out the statistical properties of
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00649-00150608-00150887 even so reasonably simple an object is
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00650-00150888-00151126 beyond all present means
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00651-00151127-00151351 so that's an example of what things look
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00652-00151352-00151607 like these are the most elementary sort
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00653-00151608-00151839 of systems you can imagine if i tell you
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00654-00151840-00152047 i'm going to think about fluid problems
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00655-00152048-00152302 i'm not talking about two things one
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00656-00152303-00152487 playing with the next i'm perhaps
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00657-00152488-00152671 talking with a million of them
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00658-00152672-00152878 and in that case obviously these
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00659-00152879-00153031 pictures will get more and more
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00660-00153032-00153319 complicated and so if one is going to
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00661-00153320-00153511 guess from these simpler pictures what
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00662-00153512-00153790 happens one anticipates that something
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00663-00153791-00154078 indeed very complicated will happen
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00664-00154079-00154343 as a matter of fact we know that
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00665-00154344-00154639 we know that because if we directly take
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00666-00154640-00154887 the theory of statistical mechanics
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00667-00154888-00155135 and assume that the fluid can take on
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00668-00155136-00155343 with equal probability all of its
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00669-00155344-00155663 possible microscopic configurations
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00670-00155664-00155911 from that we can go ahead although it's
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00671-00155912-00156190 arduous and deduce what the full
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00672-00156191-00156407 statistical theory should be
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00673-00156408-00156607 when we do that
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00674-00156608-00156854 we get very definite predictions
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00675-00156855-00157023 they're very definite and they happen to
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00676-00157024-00157175 be completely wrong
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00677-00157176-00157447 so one knows very well that the program
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00678-00157448-00157663 of statistical mechanics all the ideas
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00679-00157664-00157871 that we understand in advance how to
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00680-00157872-00158095 produce these distribution functions
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00681-00158096-00158263 simply don't work in some of these
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00682-00158264-00158495 problems if they don't work in these
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00683-00158496-00158751 problems we're really in a serious bad
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00684-00158752-00158847 shape
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00685-00158848-00158990 in some ways
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00686-00158991-00159247 the study of chaos and i'll say much
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00687-00159248-00159390 more about this
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00688-00159391-00159583 has at least tackled these problems
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00689-00159584-00159823 directly and in rather more modest
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00690-00159824-00160047 circumstances which is the rub it would
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00691-00160048-00160254 be nicer if we could do it in in fully
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00692-00160255-00160502 developed fluid circumstances at least
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00693-00160503-00160743 in more modest circumstances they now
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00694-00160744-00160990 put us in a position to at least know
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00695-00160991-00161254 what to expect for the complexities of
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00696-00161255-00161526 the simpler of such objects and in
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00697-00161527-00161759 general at least gives us some starting
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00698-00161760-00161983 results
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00699-00161984-00162054 so
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00700-00162055-00162375 that's sort of a backdrop
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00701-00162376-00162654 having said these things i introduced my
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00702-00162655-00162790 talk by saying
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00703-00162791-00162990 chaos was a part of a larger branch of
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00704-00162991-00163223 study that larger branch of study being
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00705-00163224-00163463 called the study of strongly non-linear
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00706-00163464-00163575 systems
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00707-00163576-00163863 and so let me now backtrack and tell you
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00708-00163864-00164078 what nonlinear means and what strongly
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00709-00164079-00164231 nonlinear means
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00710-00164232-00164438 in order to do that
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00711-00164439-00164702 since the word is none something it's
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00712-00164703-00164871 better to start off with the positive
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00713-00164872-00165063 thing and let me quickly say what
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00714-00165064-00165311 linearity means
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00715-00165312-00165495 linearity
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00716-00165496-00165719 in physical terms is a very simple
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00717-00165720-00165871 statement
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00718-00165872-00166007 what it means
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00719-00166008-00166343 is that the rules that determine what a
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00720-00166344-00166711 part of an object is going to do next
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00721-00166712-00166863 are independent
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00722-00166864-00167247 of exactly what that object is doing now
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00723-00167248-00167454 that says no matter
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00724-00167455-00167735 what the object is doing where it is how
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00725-00167736-00167966 quickly it's moving if i want to figure
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00726-00167967-00168231 out what that piece is going to do next
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00727-00168232-00168478 i don't have to pay any attention to
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00728-00168479-00168631 that information
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00729-00168632-00168926 in a more precise way
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00730-00168927-00169126 this idea of being independent of what
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00731-00169127-00169423 it's doing is only intended in a
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00732-00169424-00169638 differential or if you will incremental
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00733-00169639-00169926 sense and so a very good example of that
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00734-00169927-00170199 is a so-called linear spring
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00735-00170200-00170359 for a spring there are two obvious
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00736-00170360-00170559 things to talk about one is the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00737-00170560-00170807 extension of the spring how far have i
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00738-00170808-00170911 pulled it
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00739-00170912-00171143 the other is how much is the spring
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00740-00171144-00171343 beginning to pull back on me which is
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00741-00171344-00171566 called the tension in the spring
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00742-00171567-00171854 if the spring is linear that's simply
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00743-00171855-00172247 the statement that for an increment of
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00744-00172248-00172519 the length of the spring they will be in
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00745-00172520-00172783 increment in the tension that the spring
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00746-00172784-00173095 is pulling back on me in just such a way
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00747-00173096-00173359 that the ratio of those two increments
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00748-00173360-00173647 is always the same so no matter how far
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00749-00173648-00173871 the spring was already extended
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00750-00173872-00174135 if i increase it another one inch
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00751-00174136-00174431 i will get exactly the same increase for
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00752-00174432-00174631 the amount of tension the spring pulls
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00753-00174632-00174895 back had instead i started with the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00754-00174896-00175175 spring unextended and also pulled at one
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00755-00175176-00175423 edge that's an immense convenience of
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00756-00175424-00175654 description obviously because it means i
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00757-00175655-00175895 don't even have to keep track of where
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00758-00175896-00176119 this thing is in order to figure out
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00759-00176120-00176335 what the rules are that will determine
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00760-00176336-00176471 its future
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00761-00176472-00176719 it should be abundantly clear that a
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00762-00176720-00177007 real spring can't be a linear spring the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00763-00177008-00177278 reason is very simple if it's true that
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00764-00177279-00177463 the increase of tension
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00765-00177464-00177647 is always the same no matter how far
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00766-00177648-00177887 i've extended it it means amongst other
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00767-00177888-00178199 things i can arbitrarily extend it
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00768-00178200-00178414 obviously a real spring will snap at
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00769-00178415-00178623 some point and from that it obviously
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00770-00178624-00178847 follows that a real spring in fact can't
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00771-00178848-00178966 be linear
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00772-00178967-00179143 in general most of the things we
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00773-00179144-00179454 encounter are not linear things
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00774-00179455-00179535 well
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00775-00179536-00179766 why is linear so important
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00776-00179767-00180007 as i said qualitatively thinking
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00777-00180008-00180151 physically
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00778-00180152-00180366 is clearly a simplicity that you don't
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00779-00180367-00180583 have to understand what the thing is
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00780-00180584-00180863 doing now in order to specify
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00781-00180864-00181087 what the rule is that will dictate its
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00782-00181088-00181423 future
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00783-00181424-00181614 however it turns out there's another
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00784-00181615-00181887 reason that one likes linear things
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00785-00181888-00182119 and the other reason is deeply geometric
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00786-00182120-00182351 in spirit if we think about the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00787-00182352-00182638 mathematics of linear objects it turns
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00788-00182639-00182943 out that there's a truly elementary if
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00789-00182944-00183287 you want very felicitous geometry
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00790-00183288-00183543 in which one can understand all such
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00791-00183544-00183647 problems
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00792-00183648-00183871 as a matter of fact one of the larger
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00793-00183872-00184031 bulks of the mathematics that we've
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00794-00184032-00184287 inherited from the last centuries is the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00795-00184288-00184607 mathematics that teaches us and makes us
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00796-00184608-00184838 arbitrarily powerful in coming to
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00797-00184839-00185087 understand the solutions of these linear
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00798-00185088-00185438 problems so the linear problems are nice
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00799-00185439-00185687 because they have a very easy geometry
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00800-00185688-00185847 even if sometimes it's a little bit
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00801-00185848-00186087 difficult to get a number out
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00802-00186088-00186350 nevertheless is an absolutely clear
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00803-00186351-00186566 simple mental image that allows us
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00804-00186567-00186735 immediately to know what's going to
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00805-00186736-00187014 happen to figure out contingencies to
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00806-00187015-00187223 come to figure out the nice things to
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00807-00187224-00187502 think about for that object and in fact
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00808-00187503-00187750 that can allow us to solve them with
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00809-00187751-00188007 almost arbitrary ease that situation
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00810-00188008-00188263 persists so long as there are finitely
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00811-00188264-00188463 many parts the details get more
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00812-00188464-00188726 complicated the picture only changes
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00813-00188727-00188878 when they're in an infinite number of
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00814-00188879-00188983 parts
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00815-00188984-00189150 the theory of quantum mechanics if you
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00816-00189151-00189390 want is a linear theory with an infinite
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00817-00189391-00189599 number of parts to it even in those
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00818-00189600-00189926 circumstances one can find this geometry
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00819-00189927-00190223 still so felicitous that one can easily
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00820-00190224-00190487 produce exact answers
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00821-00190488-00190743 so the important point here is that
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00822-00190744-00190990 linear from the sense of mathematics
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00823-00190991-00191278 means one universal very elementary
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00824-00191279-00191454 geometry
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00825-00191455-00191654 non-linear amongst other things means
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00826-00191655-00191871 the opposite to that
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00827-00191872-00192007 it doesn't always and i'll have much
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00828-00192008-00192271 more to say about that but what it does
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00829-00192272-00192502 mean is that first of all no very
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00830-00192503-00192814 felicitous geometry exists even worse
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00831-00192815-00193023 than that and this was the standard
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00832-00193024-00193263 presumption many people certainly still
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00833-00193264-00193447 feel that way it was the standard
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00834-00193448-00193735 thought over a decade or so ago and that
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00835-00193736-00193983 is that each non-linear problem
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00836-00193984-00194278 presented a new problem in its own right
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00837-00194279-00194495 each of them was thought and sometimes
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00838-00194496-00194671 does if you want produce its own
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00839-00194672-00194943 geometry these geometries differ so
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00840-00194944-00195183 significantly from one to the next that
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00841-00195184-00195438 it was felt loosely impossible to make
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00842-00195439-00195671 general statements about them and many
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00843-00195672-00195926 of the advances in dynamical systems
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00844-00195927-00196175 many of them associated with the name of
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00845-00196176-00196407 smail have very much to do with
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00846-00196408-00196678 understanding certain important ways in
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00847-00196679-00196871 which these geometries are at least not
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00848-00196872-00197126 anything you want finding very general
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00849-00197127-00197359 cases of geometries where one can make
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00850-00197360-00197483 rather strong
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00851-00197484-00197638 statements
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00852-00197639-00197854 the upshot of that for physics is that
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00853-00197855-00198102 you might identify a nonlinear problem a
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00854-00198103-00198343 certain flame propagation problem
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00855-00198344-00198502 if that problem was sufficiently
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00856-00198503-00198663 interesting to you
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00857-00198664-00198799 there wasn't any mathematics that
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00858-00198800-00199031 existed to solve it you could try to
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00859-00199032-00199302 produce new tools that particularly
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00860-00199303-00199502 would work on that problem however
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00861-00199503-00199687 everyone who did that knew perfectly
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00862-00199688-00199935 well that those tools would be of no
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00863-00199936-00200126 interest in the solution of any other
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00864-00200127-00200359 problem and so one had this natural
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00865-00200360-00200575 prejudice in terms of thinking about
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00866-00200576-00200775 nonlinear problems that whatever the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00867-00200776-00201047 effort you were going to put out was the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00868-00201048-00201271 upshot was that if you were lucky enough
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00869-00201272-00201423 to be successful
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00870-00201424-00201631 it anyway would be an insight a set of
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00871-00201632-00201799 techniques that would work in that
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00872-00201800-00202319 problem only
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00873-00202320-00202447 and so
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00874-00202448-00202663 here we have this problem
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00875-00202664-00202983 we have these nonlinear objects
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00876-00202984-00203247 they possess complicated geometries
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00877-00203248-00203390 and we have to ask ourselves the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00878-00203391-00203566 question
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00879-00203567-00203783 how are we going to come to understand
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00880-00203784-00204023 what these geometries are
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00881-00204024-00204254 if you want you can think of a certain
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00882-00204255-00204495 kind of historic precursor to that
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00883-00204496-00204711 problem there's a problem associated
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00884-00204712-00204903 with gauss and riemann namely you can
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00885-00204904-00205119 try to think what does the geometry on
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00886-00205119-00205351 the surface of the earth look like
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00887-00205352-00205582 we're rather potent as human beings we
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00888-00205583-00205831 naturally envisage three dimensions and
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00889-00205832-00206071 so we usually envisage the surface of
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00890-00206071-00206286 this sphere as something immersed in
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00891-00206287-00206503 those three dimensions however if one
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00892-00206504-00206719 wants to understand more generally what
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00893-00206719-00207014 happens on curved two-dimensional things
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00894-00207015-00207223 it behooves you to figure out how you
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00895-00207223-00207462 can intrinsically describe it without
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00896-00207463-00207679 reference to this bigger space how do
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00897-00207680-00207862 you figure out what's happening just
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00898-00207863-00208127 living on the surface of that sphere
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00899-00208128-00208366 and that solution was first proposed by
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00900-00208367-00208558 gauss and then extended to higher
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00901-00208559-00208831 dimensions by riemann and so in some way
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00902-00208832-00209062 one is facing something of a similar
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00903-00209063-00209158 challenge
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00904-00209159-00209414 one is seeing objects that are producing
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00905-00209415-00209655 very complicated geometries such as some
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00906-00209656-00209863 of those pictures that i showed you how
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00907-00209864-00210110 is one going to start figuring out what
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00908-00210111-00210327 this geometry looks like how does one
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00909-00210328-00210591 quantify it perhaps when it's important
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00910-00210592-00210806 how does one discuss it in an intrinsic
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00911-00210807-00211063 fashion these are the questions that we
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00912-00211064-00211375 certainly need to come to understand and
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00913-00211376-00211639 i'm raising this as a question because
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00914-00211640-00211934 indeed it is one of the successes of the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00915-00211935-00212182 study of chaos that one at least in
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00916-00212183-00212471 limited cases has come to understand how
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00917-00212471-00212703 one can implement such a program and
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00918-00212704-00213415 indeed succeed in doing it
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00919-00213416-00213646 well
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00920-00213648-00213791 as i said
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00921-00213792-00213934 one of the prejudices against
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00922-00213935-00214087 non-linearity
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00923-00214088-00214310 was that each non-linear problem was
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00924-00214311-00214598 viewed as different from the next
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00925-00214600-00214775 should it turn out and indeed it has
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00926-00214776-00214991 turned out that very many of these
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00927-00214992-00215142 different problems
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00928-00215144-00215382 share the same geometry then of course
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00929-00215383-00215655 we're in a position to start examining
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00930-00215656-00215927 the general abstract problem
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00931-00215928-00216167 the shared geometry might be only in
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00932-00216167-00216375 some quantitative sense rather a
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00933-00216376-00216606 qualitative sense
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00934-00216607-00216758 typically there might be something
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00935-00216759-00216967 that's topologically common in various
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00936-00216967-00217127 of these problems
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00937-00217128-00217367 it might also turn out however
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00938-00217367-00217591 that this shared geometry turns out to
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00939-00217592-00217903 be exactly the same geometry even when
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00940-00217904-00218142 viewed in a quantitative way
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00941-00218144-00218423 and basically what i'm going to tell you
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00942-00218423-00218510 about
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00943-00218511-00218734 is that set of circumstances that we now
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00944-00218735-00218846 understand
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00945-00218848-00219063 in which many of these non-linear
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00946-00219064-00219167 problems
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00947-00219167-00219415 indeed exhibit the same geometry and the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00948-00219416-00219671 geometry is not only qualitatively the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00949-00219671-00219951 same but when expressed as an intrinsic
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00950-00219952-00220215 geometry just on the motion that you're
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00951-00220216-00220391 concerned with itself
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00952-00220392-00220598 then moreover that geometry
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00953-00220600-00220879 quantitatively is one in the same the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00954-00220880-00221119 upshot of that is that all of the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00955-00221119-00221391 statistical predictions in fact even
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00956-00221392-00221575 much more precise predictions than
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00957-00221576-00221839 statistical ones will be exactly the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00958-00221840-00222134 same for all of these different problems
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00959-00222135-00222382 this idea that quantitatively the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00960-00222383-00222655 results will be identical is the thing
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00961-00222656-00222871 that we term universality so
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00962-00222871-00223127 universality simply means that forget
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00963-00223128-00223310 about any details even though they're
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00964-00223311-00223487 very different objects they have
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00965-00223488-00223742 different equations nevertheless their
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00966-00223744-00223934 solutions with respect to the right
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00967-00223935-00224558 questions are one in the same identical
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00968-00224559-00224903 in order to say something about that
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00969-00224904-00225151 let me begin to offer
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00970-00225152-00225415 a qualitative argument as to why you
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00971-00225416-00225655 might come to expect this property of
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00972-00225656-00225855 universality
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00973-00225856-00226110 the argument that i'm going to offer is
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00974-00226111-00226342 more or less a verbal rendition of what
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00975-00226344-00226558 the mathematics looks like
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00976-00226559-00226791 and i'll just try to give you some idea
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00977-00226792-00227142 of what it is that's at stake
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00978-00227144-00227319 if i look
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00979-00227319-00227591 at some non-linear problem
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00980-00227592-00227791 what that means is that if i look at a
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00981-00227792-00227910 part of it
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00982-00227911-00228182 and i ask for a new increment in its
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00983-00228183-00228431 motion what is the increment in the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00984-00228432-00228710 forces acting on it it will no longer be
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00985-00228711-00228815 the case
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00986-00228816-00229046 that that ratio this coefficient of
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00987-00229048-00229375 proportionality is always the same
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00988-00229376-00229598 what it means that it's non-linear is
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00989-00229600-00229863 that as a matter of fact it will vary it
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00990-00229864-00230087 will vary according to how far this
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00991-00230088-00230255 particle is distant from a starting
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00992-00230256-00230463 position it will vary according to the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00993-00230464-00230679 speed of the particle it will vary
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00994-00230680-00230846 according to what other particles are
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00995-00230848-00230958 doing
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00996-00230959-00231167 well if you think about that there's
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00997-00231167-00231255 also
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00998-00231256-00231455 something of a bonus in it
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-00999-00231456-00231727 because if it's true that depending
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01000-00231728-00232079 where this thing is what it's doing
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01001-00232080-00232375 it's effective at the moment coefficient
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01002-00232376-00232606 of proportionality that will dictate its
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01003-00232607-00232719 future
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01004-00232719-00232927 depends upon where it is
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01005-00232928-00233134 then we can think of actually setting
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01006-00233135-00233415 these constants to be things that they
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01007-00233416-00233615 that we would want them to be
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01008-00233616-00233887 simply by presetting the motion
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01009-00233888-00234151 so loosely an idea emerges that if you
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01010-00234152-00234367 have a rather complicated object which
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01011-00234367-00234639 is non-linear by appropriately setting
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01012-00234640-00234823 its parts into motion
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01013-00234823-00235031 you might be able to achieve something
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01014-00235032-00235255 desirable what i have in mind more
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01015-00235256-00235446 specifically is considered two
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01016-00235448-00235639 completely different problems one of
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01017-00235640-00235879 them perhaps is a laser physics problem
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01018-00235880-00236031 another of them has to do with the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01019-00236032-00236167 interaction
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01020-00236167-00236342 of a large number of different chemical
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01021-00236344-00236527 species these are both of them
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01022-00236528-00236887 non-linear problems i might ask that by
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01023-00236888-00237134 appropriately setting some constants in
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01024-00237135-00237415 the first place for example if i think
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01025-00237416-00237655 of the laser problem one thing is how
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01026-00237656-00237863 much energy do i put in in the bursting
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01027-00237864-00238046 power of the laser in the chemical
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01028-00238048-00238294 situation what density should i
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01029-00238296-00238471 guarantee exists of certain of the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01030-00238471-00238742 species there are certain constants in
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01031-00238744-00238982 the description of an object that has
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01032-00238983-00239215 more to do with the environment than the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01033-00239216-00239367 object itself
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01034-00239367-00239598 these constants descriptive of the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01035-00239600-00239815 environment mathematically are things
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01036-00239816-00239975 called parameters
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01037-00239976-00240167 there are some number of them we can
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01038-00240167-00240406 imagine beginning to adjust several of
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01039-00240407-00240615 those to try to make the behavior of
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01040-00240616-00240871 these two completely disparate objects
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01041-00240871-00241063 close to the same
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01042-00241064-00241375 had the problem been a linear problem
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01043-00241376-00241591 every one of these proportionality
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01044-00241592-00241830 constants between extension to
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01045-00241831-00242055 displacement you could view all of those
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01046-00242056-00242310 as parameters and so by adjusting all of
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01047-00242311-00242542 them i could take this problem and make
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01048-00242544-00242846 it exactly identical to that problem so
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01049-00242848-00243046 if i have two linear problems with the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01050-00243048-00243182 same number of parts and same
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01051-00243183-00243303 connections
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01052-00243304-00243430 if i'm willing
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01053-00243431-00243671 and allowing myself to adjust enough
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01054-00243671-00243927 things i can make one of them exactly
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01055-00243928-00244158 the same as another one of them
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01056-00244159-00244391 of course if it entails adjusting a
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01057-00244392-00244591 million different things that isn't
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01058-00244592-00244782 especially interesting
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01059-00244783-00245006 this idea that since
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01060-00245007-00245198 the constants naturally can adjust
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01061-00245200-00245455 themselves in a non-linear problem
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01062-00245456-00245687 contingent on what the thing is doing
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01063-00245688-00245934 perhaps here opens up a possibility the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01064-00245935-00246191 possibility is that yes i will try to
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01065-00246192-00246446 set a few of the constants but now by
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01066-00246448-00246694 judicious arrangement how the different
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01067-00246696-00246863 parts are to be deployed with what
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01068-00246864-00247103 speeds different in this problem from
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01069-00247104-00247319 the way i do it in this problem there's
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01070-00247319-00247575 then a possibility that in fact these
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01071-00247576-00247910 two could end up behaving the same way
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01072-00247911-00248110 the only question in the course of doing
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01073-00248111-00248246 that is again
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01074-00248248-00248487 how many parts do i have to adjust if
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01075-00248488-00248734 the parts are enumerable
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01076-00248735-00248991 or at least very large that's at best a
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01077-00248992-00249198 rather pedantic offering
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01078-00249200-00249279 well
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01079-00249280-00249510 i'm now going to add to this a second
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01080-00249511-00249727 argument and the second argument makes
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01081-00249728-00249942 this first qualitative argument quite
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01082-00249944-00250087 powerful
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01083-00250088-00250239 imagine that i'm thinking of a
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01084-00250240-00250503 particular kind of motion for these
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01085-00250504-00250703 different nonlinear problems
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01086-00250704-00250967 and that particular kind of motion has
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01087-00250967-00251094 come about
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01088-00251096-00251279 through the imposition of this
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01089-00251280-00251575 succession of qualitative constraints so
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01090-00251576-00251798 what i'm going to imagine is that first
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01091-00251800-00252023 i see one kind of motion
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01092-00252023-00252206 i'm going to constrain it so that it
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01093-00252207-00252398 does something rather regular
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01094-00252400-00252494 and
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01095-00252496-00252710 if i'm lucky it's something that this
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01096-00252711-00252967 object doesn't mind doing
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01097-00252967-00253223 i can now try to change things a bit and
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01098-00253223-00253542 impose a second qualitative constraint
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01099-00253544-00253782 again i need to assume that i shall be
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01100-00253783-00254079 lucky that these objects are happy they
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01101-00254080-00254303 are amenable in carrying out this
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01102-00254304-00254510 request to have some number of
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01103-00254511-00254839 qualitative requirements set upon them
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01104-00254840-00255079 imagine now that i'm very lucky
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01105-00255080-00255342 and in fact can impose an infinite
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01106-00255344-00255639 number of these qualitative
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01107-00255640-00255894 constraints or requirements upon the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01108-00255896-00256023 system
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01109-00256023-00256230 well sometimes it turns out that that
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01110-00256231-00256439 can happen this is the missing part of
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01111-00256440-00256655 the argument it's if you want remarkable
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01112-00256656-00256919 that that can happen nevertheless if you
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01113-00256919-00257151 find yourself in the circumstance for
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01114-00257152-00257415 which for these two disparate problems
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01115-00257416-00257687 each of them can be forced to subscribe
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01116-00257688-00257927 to an infinite number of qualitative
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01117-00257928-00258055 constraints
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01118-00258056-00258319 then in fact you're really in business
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01119-00258319-00258582 because here you trot out the monology
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01120-00258583-00258919 of leibniz and leibniz exhausts exactly
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01121-00258919-00259191 the same question the question is if you
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01122-00259192-00259430 have an object for leibniz it means the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01123-00259431-00259591 universe if you want
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01124-00259592-00259839 which is self-consistently constrained
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01125-00259840-00260094 by an infinite number of constraints
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01126-00260096-00260358 how likely is it to be that this object
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01127-00260359-00260558 could be self-consistent
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01128-00260559-00260767 and then following leibniz
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01129-00260767-00261006 we can hope for the answer that there is
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01130-00261007-00261142 a uniquely
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01131-00261144-00261358 one possible way in which this could
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01132-00261359-00261446 happen
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01133-00261448-00261646 well the upshot of the theory that
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01134-00261648-00261751 exists
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01135-00261752-00261998 to describe some of these behaviors is
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01136-00262000-00262158 precisely that
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01137-00262159-00262455 by capitalizing on the non-linearity to
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01138-00262456-00262679 find certain pre-arrangements of
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01139-00262680-00262895 completely different objects we can
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01140-00262896-00263127 start them off in ballparks in which
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01141-00263128-00263351 they're sort of doing the right thing
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01142-00263352-00263639 then indeed it turns out by adjusting
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01143-00263640-00263895 one entity in the environment of each of
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01144-00263896-00264030 these systems
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01145-00264031-00264351 one can force it to be subjected to more
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01146-00264352-00264463 and more
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01147-00264464-00264767 the same qualitative constraints by the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01148-00264768-00264975 time one has done things just right
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01149-00264976-00265239 which turns out to be very very easy to
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01150-00265240-00265327 do
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01151-00265328-00265543 it will be infinitely constrained and
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01152-00265544-00265767 the mathematics indeed dictates there is
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01153-00265768-00266006 a unique quantitative way that that
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01154-00266007-00266255 motion can then unfold so as a
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01155-00266256-00266471 qualitative argument one has some
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01156-00266472-00266710 reasons to believe that non-linear
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01157-00266711-00266903 systems and from what i've said in the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01158-00266904-00267119 first part of the argument really only
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01159-00267120-00267439 non-linear systems can be expected by
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01160-00267440-00267703 rather easy adjustments if you're lucky
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01161-00267704-00268030 to end up doing one quantitatively
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01162-00268031-00268303 identical sort of behavior and that then
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01163-00268304-00269079 is this idea of universality
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01164-00269080-00269247 well
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01165-00269248-00269430 gone way past wherever i was sitting
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01166-00269431-00270047 over here
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01167-00270048-00270239 let me say something which is also in
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01168-00270240-00270534 the way of a backtracking
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01169-00270535-00270695 i'm talking about different kinds of
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01170-00270696-00270967 nonlinear problems
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01171-00270968-00271110 there's something important that
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01172-00271111-00271271 nonlinear problems come in different
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01173-00271272-00271510 kinds if you want there are sort of very
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01174-00271511-00271734 easy nonlinear problems and then there
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01175-00271735-00271927 are much harder ones which are these
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01176-00271928-00272151 ones that i'm calling strong non-linear
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01177-00272152-00272255 problems
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01178-00272256-00272487 there's a little piece of easy intuition
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01179-00272488-00272758 which is worth mentioning at this point
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01180-00272759-00272991 if i look at one of my linear problems
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01181-00272992-00273263 if i look at this linear spring increase
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01182-00273264-00273463 it a little bit further in extension
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01183-00273464-00273671 i'll see exactly the same increase in
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01184-00273672-00273806 tension
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01185-00273807-00274071 i can make that a non-linear problem in
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01186-00274072-00274239 a truly easy way
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01187-00274240-00274471 all i need to do is put on a pair of
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01188-00274472-00274727 glasses that distort things
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01189-00274728-00274951 if i look at the same object through
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01190-00274952-00275134 distorting glasses
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01191-00275135-00275382 well first of all when i extend it a
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01192-00275383-00275558 certain distance because of the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01193-00275559-00275703 distortion
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01194-00275704-00275982 the observed increase of extension is
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01195-00275983-00276230 going to be different contingent on
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01196-00276231-00276534 where in the visual field this object is
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01197-00276535-00276758 as for the increments they're of course
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01198-00276759-00276975 unchanged you measure them off a strain
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01199-00276976-00277287 gauge or something so the upshot of that
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01200-00277288-00277510 is that you can start off with a very
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01201-00277511-00277775 easy linear problem and just by putting
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01202-00277776-00278063 on distorting lenses you can turn it
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01203-00278064-00278279 into a non-linear problem
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01204-00278280-00278463 these are the kind of problems that are
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01205-00278464-00278839 clearly the easy non-linear problems
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01206-00278840-00279087 if i should think about the kinds of
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01207-00279088-00279310 problems we can handle as physicists and
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01208-00279311-00279487 i'll make more comments about that in a
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01209-00279488-00279599 second
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01210-00279600-00279815 then as a matter of fact it turns out
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01211-00279816-00279991 we've really only been able to handle
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01212-00279992-00280287 the ones that come about by distortion
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01213-00280288-00280647 and so in high energy physics
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01214-00280648-00280903 in astrophysics in all the kinds of
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01215-00280904-00281095 physics and other analytic disciplines
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01216-00281096-00281191 we own
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01217-00281192-00281415 there's a unique method that we know how
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01218-00281416-00281623 to use that we've been trained in using
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01219-00281624-00281879 which is a so-called perturbation method
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01220-00281880-00282071 this is a method whereby starting with
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01221-00282072-00282319 an easy approximate answer we can
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01222-00282320-00282558 successfully make corrections until we
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01223-00282559-00282903 have an arbitrarily accurate answer
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01224-00282904-00283143 if you ask when this perturbation method
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01225-00283144-00283399 works the answer is very easy the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01226-00283400-00283655 perturbation method works only for those
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01227-00283656-00283951 non-linear problems that are distortions
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01228-00283952-00284134 of linear ones
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01229-00284135-00284327 well that's an important point
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01230-00284328-00284519 the problems that are called strongly
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01231-00284520-00284775 non-linear problems are exactly the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01232-00284776-00285079 kinds of things which do not appear in
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01233-00285080-00285263 distorting classes
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01234-00285264-00285527 and so if you see a phenomenon one of
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01235-00285528-00285767 them happens to be chaos
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01236-00285768-00286054 if you see some such phenomenon that is
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01237-00286055-00286134 not
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01238-00286135-00286327 what you would see by distorting a
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01239-00286328-00286534 linear problem then the various
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01240-00286535-00286758 methodologies that we've inherited
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01241-00286759-00286975 simply failed to work
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01242-00286976-00287191 one of the reasons that the study of
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01243-00287192-00287430 chaos is particularly interesting to a
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01244-00287431-00287687 physicist is that we don't know how to
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01245-00287688-00287991 solve any fundamentally of the problems
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01246-00287992-00288158 we truly care about
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01247-00288159-00288415 we own some mathematical machinery which
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01248-00288416-00288679 is completely inept and inappropriate
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01249-00288680-00288919 for using in the kinds of problems we
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01250-00288920-00289110 would like to deduce
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01251-00289111-00289399 some consequences for
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01252-00289400-00289695 the study of chaos is in this ends part
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01253-00289696-00289951 of the study of non-linear problems and
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01254-00289952-00290175 it simply means we are desperately
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01255-00290176-00290430 trying to understand what is the right
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01256-00290431-00290567 mathematics what are the right
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01257-00290568-00290799 techniques when we are presented with
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01258-00290800-00291006 these problems it's very easy to give
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01259-00291007-00291182 some ideas of this
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01260-00291183-00291439 there exists presumably a very good
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01261-00291440-00291679 theory of high energy physics this is
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01262-00291680-00291910 the so-called standard model it embraces
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01263-00291911-00292110 what's called quantum chromodynamics
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01264-00292111-00292303 it's a very definite theoretical
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01265-00292304-00292430 framework
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01266-00292431-00292630 no one knows how to compute from this
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01267-00292631-00292919 theory what its predictions are other
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01268-00292920-00293191 than for certain symmetry predictions
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01269-00293192-00293358 one thing one would like to know for
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01270-00293359-00293630 example knowing something about quarks
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01271-00293631-00293903 is what is the mass of a proton an
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01272-00293904-00294158 easier problem is what is the mass of a
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01273-00294159-00294463 pima-san well it's worth noting that
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01274-00294464-00294751 after a decade of an immense effort by
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01275-00294752-00294999 very many physicists using immensely
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01276-00295000-00295206 powerful machines not only the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01277-00295207-00295463 supercomputers that exist but specially
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01278-00295464-00295695 crafted more exotic ones
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01279-00295696-00295879 no one can still give you an answer to
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01280-00295880-00295999 that question
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01281-00296000-00296223 that puts one in a rather funny position
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01282-00296224-00296495 you can ask is the theory right but you
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01283-00296496-00296615 don't know how to calculate the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01284-00296616-00296879 consequences or is the theory wrong
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01285-00296880-00297127 at the present moment we have no way of
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01286-00297128-00297358 understanding the answer to that there's
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01287-00297359-00297558 going to be a next conference here next
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01288-00297559-00297719 year
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01289-00297720-00297895 professor mandelbrot has shown you some
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01290-00297896-00297999 pictures
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01291-00298000-00298230 of the distribution of of matter in the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01292-00298231-00298487 universe galactic distributions can ask
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01293-00298488-00298639 yourself the question
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01294-00298640-00298823 who knows how to calculate
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01295-00298824-00299030 calculate not measure what this
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01296-00299031-00299223 distribution should be
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01297-00299224-00299415 who knows how to figure out what the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01298-00299416-00299582 evolution of the early universe should
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01299-00299583-00299839 be if the distribution of matter isn't
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01300-00299840-00300030 absolutely isotropic
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01301-00300031-00300215 to date we have no tools to answer
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01302-00300216-00300447 questions like that the second question
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01303-00300448-00300647 is even difficult to figure out how you
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01304-00300648-00300863 can stick on a computer because of some
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01305-00300864-00301023 subtle difficulties of the underlying
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01306-00301024-00301110 theory
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01307-00301111-00301382 so one is always faced with problems
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01308-00301383-00301599 where one needs machinery for which we
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01309-00301600-00301847 simply don't have any ideas as to what
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01310-00301848-00302151 they are and so if perhaps the work that
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01311-00302152-00302447 we've done in chaos the onset of of
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01312-00302448-00302679 chaotic behavior the transition to
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01313-00302680-00302847 chaotic behavior
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01314-00302848-00303079 is perhaps simpler than the questions
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01315-00303080-00303215 being asked
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01316-00303216-00303543 its point and its aim is indeed to start
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01317-00303544-00303791 furnishing some of these missing pieces
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01318-00303792-00304271 of machinery that we desperately need
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01319-00304272-00304471 well
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01320-00304472-00304582 see if i've been showing you any
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01321-00304583-00304854 pictures
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01322-00304855-00305119 i haven't said anything so far
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01323-00305120-00305351 about what chaos is i haven't said
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01324-00305352-00305647 anything about the transition to chaos
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01325-00305648-00305791 at least i've told you what
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01326-00305792-00306143 non-linearity more or less is about
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01327-00306144-00306351 one of the things
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01328-00306352-00306582 that one of course must have heard about
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01329-00306583-00306847 if one has heard anything about chaos is
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01330-00306848-00307095 that chaos has something to do with
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01331-00307096-00307319 sensitive dependence upon initial
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01332-00307320-00307463 conditions
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01333-00307464-00307727 as i've alluded to
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01334-00307728-00307991 made hopefully a strong case for
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01335-00307992-00308158 not only is one interested in knowing
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01336-00308159-00308399 the answers to questions like that
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01337-00308400-00308591 but then as a general enterprise in the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01338-00308592-00308830 study of nonlinear problems whatever the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01339-00308831-00309030 outcome of the answer to a question of
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01340-00309031-00309327 that sort is one cares in inventing new
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01341-00309328-00309510 mathematical machinery
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01342-00309511-00309647 nevertheless
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01343-00309648-00309903 one does talk about sensitive dependence
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01344-00309904-00310191 on initial conditions as having been the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01345-00310192-00310606 main thing that one talks about in chaos
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01346-00310607-00310830 technically when we say something is
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01347-00310831-00311023 chaotic
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01348-00311024-00311230 we mean by that that we're looking at a
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01349-00311231-00311447 system which has the property
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01350-00311448-00311743 that errors in it grow very rapidly
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01351-00311744-00311943 technically we expect them to grow
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01352-00311944-00312143 exponentially quickly
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01353-00312144-00312375 this notion of sensitive dependence on
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01354-00312376-00312527 initial conditions
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01355-00312528-00312767 is exactly that statement and so the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01356-00312768-00312975 statement of what it means for an object
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01357-00312976-00313134 to be chaotic
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01358-00313135-00313375 technically is the statement that there
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01359-00313376-00313615 is a very strong growth of errors of
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01360-00313616-00313823 course this strong growth of errors
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01361-00313824-00314079 inhibits the ability to make predictions
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01362-00314080-00314334 even though the underlying theory may be
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01363-00314335-00314551 absolutely deterministic
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01364-00314552-00314839 well that's what chaos is i haven't told
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01365-00314840-00315158 you what the transition to chaos is
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01366-00315159-00315263 well
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01367-00315264-00315479 you can figure out from the words
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01368-00315480-00315727 transition to chaos that it means
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01369-00315728-00315839 somehow
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01370-00315840-00315999 that first of all the thing isn't
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01371-00316000-00316127 chaotic
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01372-00316128-00316358 and then at some later point it is
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01373-00316359-00316487 chaotic
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01374-00316488-00316703 and somewhere between those two
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01375-00316704-00316958 something has happened that's produced a
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01376-00316959-00317199 transition from the non-chaotic to the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01377-00317200-00317399 chaotic behavior
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01378-00317400-00317591 the remarkable fact
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01379-00317592-00317815 of what we have learned about some of
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01380-00317816-00318143 the ways in which things become chaotic
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01381-00318144-00318447 is that they become chaotic if you want
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01382-00318448-00318782 at a precise well-delineated moment
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01383-00318783-00319006 there is a very specific kind of
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01384-00319007-00319343 behavior a precise crossing over point
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01385-00319344-00319630 where something moves from not chaotic
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01386-00319631-00319782 too chaotic
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01387-00319783-00320054 at that crossover point which is this
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01388-00320055-00320254 transition to chaos
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01389-00320255-00320582 the system is neither non-chaotic nor is
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01390-00320583-00320727 it chaotic
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01391-00320728-00321030 what that means is yes errors do grow
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01392-00321031-00321303 so it isn't non-chaotic however they
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01393-00321304-00321567 don't grow as fast as you would expect
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01394-00321568-00321791 with the idea of sensitive dependence
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01395-00321792-00321967 upon initial conditions
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01396-00321968-00322110 technically for those who know the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01397-00322111-00322367 distinction there is an algebraic growth
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01398-00322368-00322639 of errors at a transition point whereas
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01399-00322640-00322887 there is an exponential growth of errors
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01400-00322888-00323175 once one is seeing genuine chaos
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01401-00323176-00323482 so the first point is that we have this
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01402-00323483-00323679 circumstance in which
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01403-00323680-00323934 there's a transition non-chaotic chaotic
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01404-00323935-00324127 at the transition point what we're
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01405-00324128-00324519 looking at isn't truly chaotic itself
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01406-00324520-00324734 well
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01407-00324735-00324910 what is it that happens at this
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01408-00324911-00325110 transition point
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01409-00325111-00325375 well it isn't chaotic
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01410-00325376-00325767 however the most important part is that
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01411-00325768-00325999 sitting in this behavior this one
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01412-00326000-00326175 precise behavior
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01413-00326176-00326479 at the transition to chaos appearing if
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01414-00326480-00326782 you will in embryonic seeds
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01415-00326783-00327047 is every possible behavior that these
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01416-00327048-00327287 systems can exhibit
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01417-00327288-00327527 the way in which this transition occurs
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01418-00327528-00327823 even though it is not chaotic is such as
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01419-00327824-00328063 to construct things if you want with the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01420-00328064-00328375 right kind of inheritance heritage so
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01421-00328376-00328654 that just past that point
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01422-00328655-00328895 the progeny of that point will know
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01423-00328896-00329254 precisely how they are to behave truly
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01424-00329255-00329510 with chaotic or sensitive dependence on
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01425-00329511-00329734 initial conditions so as a matter of
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01426-00329735-00329927 fact the property of sensitive
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01427-00329928-00330151 dependence on initial conditions is
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01428-00330152-00330406 already inherent in this embryonic
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01429-00330407-00330710 fashion at the transition point
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01430-00330711-00330975 mathematically the situation is perhaps
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01431-00330976-00331206 stronger than that for some of these
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01432-00331207-00331430 problems what happens the transition
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01433-00331431-00331630 point essentially
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01434-00331631-00331943 completely organizes everything that you
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01435-00331944-00332175 can see in the problem and i'll return
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01436-00332176-00332399 toward that at the very end
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01437-00332400-00332654 well
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01438-00332655-00332854 next thing is
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01439-00332855-00332999 what is it that turns out to be
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01440-00333000-00333167 universal
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01441-00333168-00333406 what turns out to be universal is a
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01442-00333407-00333687 certain specification of the intrinsic
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01443-00333688-00334006 geometry on which these motions occur
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01444-00334007-00334263 and at this point it's probably a good
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01445-00334264-00334630 time to show some pictures
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01446-00334631-00335271 and try to
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01447-00335272-00335447 i hope this works
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01448-00335448-00335639 because if i lean to it
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01449-00335640-00335895 what you're seeing here
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01450-00335896-00336119 are some rather simple depictions of a
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01451-00336120-00336423 simple one-dimensional problem
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01452-00336424-00336654 which is intending to show what these
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01453-00336655-00336910 seeds look like
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01454-00336911-00337119 what you're seeing over here this is a
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01455-00337120-00337391 very simple problem it's time is a
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01456-00337392-00337623 discrete time you're watching something
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01457-00337624-00337703 move
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01458-00337704-00337887 what happens one second later is
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01459-00337888-00338151 dependent on what happens now
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01460-00338152-00338430 it moves only in one direction
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01461-00338431-00338630 all of where it can be
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01462-00338631-00338919 is between these two points
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01463-00338920-00339047 and what you see
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01464-00339048-00339358 collecting points to make a histogram of
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01465-00339359-00339623 how often the point finds itself in what
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01466-00339624-00339927 place we see some sort of a distribution
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01467-00339928-00340143 this is one of these distribution
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01468-00340144-00340510 functions that i've been talking about
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01469-00340511-00340695 if we adjust one thing in the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01470-00340696-00340951 environment of this problem which is one
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01471-00340952-00341134 parameter
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01472-00341135-00341334 then at some point
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01473-00341335-00341558 instead of being one entity this
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01474-00341559-00341854 distribution breaks up into two things
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01475-00341855-00341991 in fact i've showed you here a
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01476-00341992-00342151 transitional moment
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01477-00342152-00342415 it's getting very very apt to be at this
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01478-00342416-00342663 point if i change the parameter a little
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01479-00342664-00342927 bit suddenly it breaks apart and leaves
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01480-00342928-00343071 open a gap
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01481-00343072-00343391 at some point the gap is now very big
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01482-00343392-00343630 either it lives in this part or it lives
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01483-00343631-00343806 in that part
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01484-00343807-00344071 this value of the parameter i've chosen
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01485-00344072-00344375 is such that again each of these is in
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01486-00344376-00344695 turn also getting ready to break apart
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01487-00344696-00344943 you might notice that if you take this
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01488-00344944-00345030 thing
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01489-00345031-00345319 and you flip it around and squeeze it in
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01490-00345320-00345510 you'll get this picture
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01491-00345511-00345654 if you take this thing and you just
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01492-00345655-00346047 squeeze it in a lot you get that picture
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01493-00346048-00346134 well
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01494-00346135-00346367 this was chosen so that if i change the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01495-00346368-00346527 parameter a little bit more each of
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01496-00346528-00346791 these will break apart well the next
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01497-00346792-00347030 picture here shows this one broken into
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01498-00347031-00347287 two pieces just as that one did and
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01499-00347288-00347503 similarly this one has broken into two
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01500-00347504-00347630 pieces
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01501-00347631-00347839 well you can do this again and again and
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01502-00347840-00347958 again
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01503-00347959-00348191 worth noting that this piece again is
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01504-00348192-00348423 almost identical to that but it's been
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01505-00348424-00348678 squeezed down still further again it's
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01506-00348679-00348991 this whole picture flipped over
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01507-00348992-00349223 reduced in scale that produces this
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01508-00349224-00349439 picture
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01509-00349440-00349647 the process that i'm looking at is a
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01510-00349648-00349975 process which is natural to many of you
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01511-00349976-00350191 which is the process of constructing a
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01512-00350192-00350454 counter set the idea is we start off
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01513-00350455-00350727 with one thing and we make a deletion
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01514-00350728-00350982 here i've deleted out this piece so now
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01515-00350983-00351182 i have two pieces left over
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01516-00351183-00351454 at the next step i again make a deletion
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01517-00351455-00351719 a big one here a skinny one here i have
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01518-00351720-00351967 four pieces now i can make a deletion in
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01519-00351968-00352167 each one of those doubling the number of
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01520-00352168-00352430 pieces of those which produces this last
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01521-00352431-00352582 picture i'm showing
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01522-00352583-00352830 if i do this again and again and again
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01523-00352831-00353095 an infinite number of times when i'm all
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01524-00353096-00353343 done i don't have any actual fat
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01525-00353344-00353567 intervals left i have what's called the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01526-00353568-00353695 canter set
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01527-00353696-00353999 but that canter set is exactly those
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01528-00354000-00354254 embryonic seeds i was talking about
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01529-00354255-00354551 it knows if you will precisely what
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01530-00354552-00354791 every one of these following pictures
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01531-00354792-00354910 must be
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01532-00354911-00355110 because it's transitional
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01533-00355111-00355334 instead of having sensitive dependence
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01534-00355335-00355567 on initial conditions these are truly
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01535-00355568-00355854 all chaotic behaviors it has this more
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01536-00355855-00356263 marginal crossing over sort
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01537-00356264-00356543 to say more precisely
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01538-00356544-00356758 what this geometry is that becomes
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01539-00356759-00356975 universal
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01540-00356976-00357191 the geometry of course is to know
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01541-00357192-00357406 intrinsically how do you make up this
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01542-00357407-00357647 counterset a way of providing that
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01543-00357648-00357919 information is everywhere along it
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01544-00357920-00358110 figuring out how big a hole should you
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01545-00358111-00358334 burn in where should you put the hole
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01546-00358335-00358543 and how to do that no matter where
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01547-00358544-00358727 you're sitting by the time you've done
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01548-00358728-00358910 it a lot of times and there are many
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01549-00358911-00359158 parts it would have been very easy if
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01550-00359159-00359375 the rule were always the same
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01551-00359376-00359551 however in these problems these
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01552-00359552-00359854 dynamical problems it always turns out
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01553-00359855-00360134 that the rule is different at each point
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01554-00360135-00360415 that you look at and so if one thinks of
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01555-00360416-00360534 things such as
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01556-00360535-00360734 the simpler objects that professor
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01557-00360735-00360871 mandelbrot showed you some of the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01558-00360872-00361175 snowflakes gaskets carpets and whatnot
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01559-00361176-00361478 those are all made of one or two or just
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01560-00361479-00361719 several different ways in which you
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01561-00361720-00362006 change the size of decorations as you go
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01562-00362007-00362151 down in scale
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01563-00362152-00362343 all the dynamical problems that i'm
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01564-00362344-00362454 aware of
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01565-00362455-00362639 that arise in these more complicated
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01566-00362640-00362910 contexts always have the property that
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01567-00362911-00363127 there are an infinite number of such
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01568-00363128-00363391 scales so as one comes to learn the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01569-00363392-00363678 geometry of these objects better one is
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01570-00363679-00363958 learning more how to describe more and
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01571-00363959-00364206 more complicated fractals to use that
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01572-00364207-00364430 word
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01573-00364431-00364551 let me show you a little more
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01574-00364552-00364703 graphically
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01575-00364704-00364878 what one of these transitions can look
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01576-00364879-00365127 like this is drawn from the same rather
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01577-00365128-00365391 simple problem the problem for which i
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01578-00365392-00365599 showed you that funny curved around
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01579-00365600-00365799 so-called strange attractor
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01580-00365800-00365999 here at some appropriate value of a
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01581-00366000-00366223 parameter you're seeing a motion that
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01582-00366224-00366551 runs around on this every one time every
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01583-00366552-00366687 one second
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01584-00366688-00366967 comes back to exactly the same point and
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01585-00366968-00367263 you see just one loop in the picture
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01586-00367264-00367519 this time i'm not showing you only one
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01587-00367520-00367710 second which would be the blue dot i'm
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01588-00367711-00368015 showing you the entire motion
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01589-00368016-00368303 well if i change the parameter sum
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01590-00368304-00368575 at some point that one loop
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01591-00368576-00368839 becomes unstable system doesn't want to
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01592-00368840-00368951 do it anymore if there's any
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01593-00368952-00369223 perturbation it stops doing it and
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01594-00369224-00369510 instead now it breaks apart into these
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01595-00369511-00369775 two curves that is one time around
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01596-00369776-00370103 starting at this point it pursues a path
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01597-00370104-00370351 and it comes back to this point it takes
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01598-00370352-00370575 an entire new circuit until you come
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01599-00370576-00370782 back to the starting point so what's
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01600-00370783-00370991 happened here is that we've taken one
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01601-00370992-00371254 loop replaced it by a pair of loops this
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01602-00371255-00371478 is existing in a three-dimensional space
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01603-00371479-00371678 there's a twist that's been put into the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01604-00371679-00371919 picture the geometry is no longer quite
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01605-00371920-00372199 so trivial this clearly also a rather
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01606-00372200-00372430 uneven spacing as you look at this
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01607-00372431-00372558 picture
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01608-00372559-00372767 moving along the two curves
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01609-00372768-00372902 well if i
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01610-00372903-00373015 change
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01611-00373016-00373223 one of these parameters still a little
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01612-00373224-00373430 bit further then i'll see a picture that
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01613-00373431-00373663 looks like this there are now four of
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01614-00373664-00373839 them the way you should think of this
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01615-00373840-00374047 picture is not that all of a sudden we
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01616-00374048-00374310 got four what's happened is that
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01617-00374311-00374519 originally we had two
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01618-00374520-00374758 each of these single bands in the two
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01619-00374759-00375095 case has now in turn split into two
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01620-00375096-00375310 and that produces if you want
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01621-00375311-00375710 two approximate copies of the same thing
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01622-00375711-00375927 this picture already tells you that
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01623-00375928-00376063 there's something very nice in the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01624-00376064-00376334 geometry because what the picture shows
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01625-00376335-00376406 you
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01626-00376407-00376702 is that when on the average these two
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01627-00376703-00376975 pairs are far apart they're far apart
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01628-00376976-00377263 here becoming narrower over here if you
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01629-00377264-00377527 now look at the internal spacing you'll
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01630-00377528-00377775 see that similarly it starts off wide
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01631-00377776-00378047 where this one is wide getting narrower
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01632-00378048-00378343 with the overall separation is narrower
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01633-00378344-00378575 and so you can ask yourself the question
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01634-00378576-00378799 is it true that there's some definite
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01635-00378800-00379039 way in which how
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01636-00379040-00379271 this more complicated motion can be
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01637-00379272-00379463 viewed as a decoration of the previous
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01638-00379464-00379767 motion has a simple way in which it's a
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01639-00379768-00380078 scaled-down copy of the previous motion
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01640-00380079-00380319 if you imagine cutting this by a line
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01641-00380320-00380527 here you're again seeing one of these
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01642-00380528-00380782 counter-like things originally we had
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01643-00380783-00381078 one distance now we have two distances
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01644-00381079-00381239 because we've created a hole in the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01645-00381240-00381454 middle and as you might imagine this
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01646-00381455-00381695 phenomena will continue again and again
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01647-00381696-00381830 and again
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01648-00381831-00382119 well i can try to actually do that run
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01649-00382120-00382358 it off on a computer i could do it for a
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01650-00382359-00382630 physical problem i could look at perhaps
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01651-00382631-00382839 a helium cell there are all kinds of
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01652-00382840-00383110 things i can look at many things like to
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01653-00383111-00383454 do this behavior the qualitative
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01654-00383455-00383695 constraints that i was talking about
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01655-00383696-00383895 is that i started off by seeing this
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01656-00383896-00384199 thing make one execution of a loop
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01657-00384200-00384439 by adjusting just one number i made it
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01658-00384440-00384734 to two executions of a loop by another
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01659-00384735-00385015 number four executions of a loop each of
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01660-00385016-00385247 these imposes a new qualitative
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01661-00385248-00385527 constraint on what that motion is
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01662-00385528-00385743 and the assertion that i was making is
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01663-00385744-00386015 that if indeed it can subscribe to an
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01664-00386016-00386230 infinite number of these qualitative
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01665-00386231-00386478 constraints then i have every reason to
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01666-00386479-00386727 believe that the outcome will be
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01667-00386728-00386999 quantitatively universal so what i'm
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01668-00387000-00387143 going to go and do
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01669-00387144-00387382 is to measure the broad separation
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01670-00387383-00387623 then measure the finer separation and
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01671-00387624-00387847 everywhere around this by the time it's
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01672-00387848-00388087 little out of times ask what the ratio
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01673-00388088-00388271 of those two is
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01674-00388272-00388439 well if i do that i see a picture that
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01675-00388440-00388582 looks like this
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01676-00388583-00388767 the lower half is not of any particular
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01677-00388768-00389039 importance it's just the top half made
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01678-00389040-00389151 negative
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01679-00389152-00389375 it looks sort of messy but you can see
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01680-00389376-00389558 sort of there's a piece here a piece
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01681-00389559-00389830 here a piece here it sort of looks like
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01682-00389831-00390030 some more or less straight parts with
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01683-00390031-00390287 some jumps in it in fact it's rather
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01684-00390288-00390527 surprising there is so few jumps
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01685-00390528-00390758 i'm looking at this distance running
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01686-00390759-00391039 around on this band it's rotating around
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01687-00391040-00391239 from time to time the distance is
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01688-00391240-00391447 turning through zero if i look at any
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01689-00391448-00391663 projection of it there are lots and lots
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01690-00391664-00391910 of zero crossings the fact that there
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01691-00391911-00392151 aren't more divergences in the picture
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01692-00392152-00392382 when the denominator is equal to zero
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01693-00392383-00392599 already indicates that something rather
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01694-00392600-00392751 nice is happening
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01695-00392752-00392895 well as i said
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01696-00392896-00393110 this is leading to a certain universal
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01697-00393111-00393287 behavior
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01698-00393288-00393471 there's a full theory for that
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01699-00393472-00393743 and the answer is it must look like this
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01700-00393744-00393975 this object tells you everywhere as you
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01701-00393976-00394271 run along on this more and more divided
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01702-00394272-00394495 object as we're producing more and more
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01703-00394496-00394654 bands
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01704-00394655-00394902 what is the size of the hole that i burn
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01705-00394903-00395158 into the piece how much smaller is it
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01706-00395159-00395399 than the starting part and how does that
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01707-00395400-00395710 vary as in time i run along this whole
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01708-00395711-00395839 trajectory
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01709-00395840-00396015 well the theory says it should look like
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01710-00396016-00396102 that
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01711-00396103-00396367 and you can sort of see already
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01712-00396368-00396534 that there's a reasonably good agreement
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01713-00396535-00396782 between these two and in fact you can
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01714-00396783-00396991 look at any sort of problem you want
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01715-00396992-00397263 that qualitatively does this successive
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01716-00397264-00397534 doubling one band two bands four bands
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01717-00397535-00397758 if you ask these right questions what is
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01718-00397759-00397991 the nature of the geometry on which it's
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01719-00397992-00398110 living
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01720-00398111-00398406 specified by this so-called scaling
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01721-00398407-00398687 function which tells you directly how
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01722-00398688-00398878 you refine pieces
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01723-00398879-00399102 in the limit of infinite refinement you
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01724-00399103-00399391 will always end up seeing precisely the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01725-00399392-00399678 same geometry the upshot of that is that
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01726-00399679-00399839 the motion
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01727-00399840-00400119 in the right way speaking
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01728-00400120-00400278 is universal
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01729-00400279-00400454 that is the numerical values are
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01730-00400455-00400727 universal if i look at the power
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01731-00400728-00400951 spectrum things that produce for example
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01732-00400952-00401151 one over f noises that professor
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01733-00401152-00401334 mandelbrot was mentioning here they're
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01734-00401335-00401630 not one over f noises if i look at these
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01735-00401631-00401830 they too are universal
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01736-00401831-00402343 as another example a different geometry
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01737-00402344-00402534 here's what one of these power spectra
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01738-00402535-00402695 look like this is for a different
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01739-00402696-00402943 problem it's a problem of quasi-periodic
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01740-00402944-00403182 motion power spectrum means for those of
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01741-00403183-00403375 you who don't know it you might know
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01742-00403376-00403615 that a musical tone consists of a
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01743-00403616-00403910 fundamental tone and several overtones
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01744-00403911-00404063 or harmonics
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01745-00404064-00404295 it's a wonderful fact of mathematical
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01746-00404296-00404591 analysis that anything whatsoever that
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01747-00404592-00404919 repeats itself after some period of time
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01748-00404920-00405191 can be written as a sum of these
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01749-00405192-00405487 fundamental different pure tones and
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01750-00405488-00405719 what this picture is is simply telling
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01751-00405720-00405982 you which pure tones appear in
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01752-00405983-00406295 synthesizing this motion and how strong
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01753-00406296-00406510 each of those tones is
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01754-00406511-00406727 and it's a rather elaborate picture you
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01755-00406728-00406967 can see that apart from going down this
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01756-00406968-00407302 way sort of looks the same in bands
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01757-00407303-00407543 each one turns out to be the golden mean
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01758-00407544-00407743 times the next in size for this
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01759-00407744-00407943 particular motion it's plotted
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01760-00407944-00408215 logarithmically so constant multiples
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01761-00408216-00408406 mean constant sizes
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01762-00408407-00408582 and there's clearly some regularity to
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01763-00408583-00408751 the picture
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01764-00408752-00408958 it is again a complete theory for this
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01765-00408959-00409071 motion
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01766-00409072-00409287 which produces another one of these
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01767-00409288-00409655 scaling functions
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01768-00409656-00409982 by brutal approximation
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01769-00409983-00410199 just to make a calculation easy you can
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01770-00410200-00410334 very easily calculate what its
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01771-00410335-00410503 consequences should be
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01772-00410504-00410710 produces this object
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01773-00410712-00410903 this is now essentially a trivial
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01774-00410904-00411151 exercise you can do this
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01775-00411152-00411310 almost on an adding machine you barely
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01776-00411312-00411487 need a pocket calculator
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01777-00411488-00411678 you can see that while this isn't
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01778-00411679-00411863 exactly the same thing
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01779-00411864-00412087 qualitatively we're obviously talking
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01780-00412088-00412278 about the same thing two of these
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01781-00412279-00412495 something dipping down in between
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01782-00412496-00412695 one wants to do a better job one could
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01783-00412696-00412878 do a much better job
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01784-00412879-00413143 well that can be contrasted finally to
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01785-00413143-00413374 some real physical data this is data of
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01786-00413375-00413574 albert lieb shabir this is a certain
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01787-00413575-00413807 experiment of mercury which is being
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01788-00413808-00413999 heated and which has a magnetic field
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01789-00414000-00414166 present in it
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01790-00414167-00414455 for perhaps inappropriate reasons the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01791-00414456-00414663 way this data was presented was that the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01792-00414664-00414855 way everything drooped there was
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01793-00414856-00415078 factored out so now everything has the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01794-00415079-00415366 same size but you should be able to see
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01795-00415367-00415582 that there were bands present
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01796-00415583-00415743 this band this band there aren't too
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01797-00415743-00415926 many of them they were drooping down
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01798-00415927-00416222 things inside them and rather evidently
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01799-00416223-00416391 one is looking at the same sort of
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01800-00416392-00416630 object with better data
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01801-00416631-00416870 with some more details put in
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01802-00416871-00417214 just from a theory that universally says
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01803-00417215-00417470 the geometry must be this one can
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01804-00417471-00417759 reproduce all of these experimental data
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01805-00417760-00417966 it's a rather striking comment
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01806-00417967-00418143 one of the virtues of this theory of
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01807-00418143-00418430 universality is that while we have good
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01808-00418431-00418607 candidate equations such as
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01809-00418608-00418855 navier-spokes equations
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01810-00418856-00419030 doesn't mean they're the right equations
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01811-00419031-00419159 in fact we know they're the wrong
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01812-00419160-00419399 equations we don't even know the right
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01813-00419400-00419639 ways truly to put in heat flow there are
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01814-00419639-00419799 lots of different candidates and
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01815-00419800-00420022 approximations
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01816-00420023-00420263 this universal theory says it doesn't
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01817-00420264-00420463 even make a difference you don't even
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01818-00420464-00420631 need to know what the right equations
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01819-00420632-00420855 are in order to determine what the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01820-00420856-00421110 solution should look like if you want
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01821-00421112-00421447 that's one of the striking qualitative
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01822-00421447-00421575 say
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01823-00421576-00421887 consequences of this sort of work what i
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01824-00421888-00422127 mean by that is that historically we as
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01825-00422128-00422399 physicists have been taught that
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01826-00422400-00422670 qualitative thinking is nothing that one
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01827-00422671-00422918 can ever pin truth upon
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01828-00422919-00423175 quite to the contrary what we're taught
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01829-00423176-00423479 is that we must go out and experiment we
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01830-00423480-00423670 must have amongst our different
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01831-00423671-00423951 candidate theories have worked out exact
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01832-00423952-00424183 and precise consequences
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01833-00424184-00424422 go to the world inquire which is the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01834-00424423-00424687 right answer and then keep doing that
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01835-00424688-00424966 until finally all but one candidate has
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01836-00424967-00425191 been eliminated and that candidate
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01837-00425192-00425383 should better perform extraordinarily
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01838-00425384-00425614 well or else we say we don't have the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01839-00425615-00425879 right theory here we have a rather
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01840-00425880-00426007 different result
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01841-00426008-00426207 because here it turns out
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01842-00426208-00426422 should these things be qualitatively the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01843-00426423-00426679 same albeit with an infinite number of
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01844-00426680-00426887 qualitative constraints
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01845-00426888-00427151 then in fact we already know the answer
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01846-00427152-00427414 the quantitative aspect automatically
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01847-00427415-00427679 hear issues out of the qualitative one
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01848-00427680-00427855 so there is something that's clearly
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01849-00427856-00428055 somewhat remarkable about this
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01850-00428056-00428214 it's worth mentioning
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01851-00428215-00428351 that when
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01852-00428352-00428551 the theory that explained for this
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01853-00428552-00428775 problem of doubling what the nature of
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01854-00428776-00428999 this transition was theory appeared in
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01855-00429000-00429222 1976
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01856-00429223-00429527 i was instructed by some colleagues
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01857-00429528-00429735 to go and tell these things to a rather
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01858-00429735-00429910 well-known mathematician
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01859-00429912-00430118 who's rather famous for some of his work
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01860-00430119-00430343 in dynamical systems this person is not
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01861-00430343-00430622 present today
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01862-00430623-00430870 so he won't be embarrassed
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01863-00430871-00430966 and
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01864-00430967-00431255 i tried to explain to him that
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01865-00431256-00431518 one was now in a position to assert that
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01866-00431519-00431751 there was a quantitative universality in
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01867-00431752-00431991 this phenomenon of doubling well each
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01868-00431992-00432214 time i tried to tell him that he fired
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01869-00432215-00432503 back to me but we already know that
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01870-00432504-00432670 because of course someone or other's
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01871-00432671-00432918 qualitative theory was what he had in
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01872-00432919-00433022 mind
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01873-00433023-00433214 finally after about three interchanges
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01874-00433215-00433447 as he grew more frustrated he said you
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01875-00433447-00433591 mean to tell me these are metrical
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01876-00433592-00433759 results
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01877-00433760-00433991 metrical by the way is mathematical code
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01878-00433992-00434270 word meaning quantitative and i said yes
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01879-00434271-00434431 and he said well then you're wrong and
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01880-00434432-00434687 he walked away
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01881-00434688-00434766 so
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01882-00434767-00435022 these were completely unsuspected
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01883-00435023-00435239 properties the qualitative properties
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01884-00435239-00435463 remarkable in themselves at least had
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01885-00435464-00435622 been developing for a longer period of
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01886-00435623-00435918 time this quantitative universality was
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01887-00435919-00436151 a rather new object
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01888-00436152-00436391 as i mentioned
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01889-00436392-00436663 and i'm essentially
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01890-00436664-00436863 done
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01891-00436864-00437103 this object
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01892-00437104-00437303 that determines the geometry the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01893-00437304-00437487 intrinsic geometry in the doubling
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01894-00437488-00437679 problem
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01895-00437680-00437999 it loosely has just two values to it if
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01896-00438000-00438191 you look a little bit harder it better
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01897-00438192-00438422 than that has four values each of those
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01898-00438423-00438647 in turn are different so it better still
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01899-00438647-00438887 has eight values as a matter of fact
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01900-00438888-00439087 there are an infinite number of such
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01901-00439088-00439207 values
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01902-00439208-00439510 a rather simple sort of fractal could be
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01903-00439512-00439807 represented by having say just one
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01904-00439808-00440110 constant one of these values perhaps two
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01905-00440112-00440391 constant ones and so forth
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01906-00440392-00440591 however while this has an infinite
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01907-00440592-00440895 number it's at least reasonably close to
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01908-00440896-00441087 some rather simpler ones
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01909-00441088-00441255 there are many problems that look
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01910-00441256-00441503 nothing like that so to show off a few
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01911-00441504-00441710 more little examples
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01912-00441712-00442014 this is a so-called devil staircase
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01913-00442015-00442199 what it represents is that there's a
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01914-00442200-00442359 knob you're adjusting
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01915-00442360-00442583 and as you're adjusting the knob things
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01916-00442584-00442839 come into synchronism or they don't
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01917-00442839-00443079 and so as you're adjusting the knob this
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01918-00443080-00443287 way there's some range over which you'll
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01919-00443288-00443510 see that things are synchronized the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01920-00443512-00443743 model you should have in mind here is a
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01921-00443743-00444022 phonograph turntable a synchronous motor
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01922-00444023-00444247 there's a range of torque on the motor
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01923-00444247-00444431 for which it will continue to move
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01924-00444432-00444687 exactly at 33 and a third revolutions
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01925-00444688-00444910 per minute but if you put on too much
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01926-00444912-00445118 torque on it it will finally stop and
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01927-00445119-00445343 perhaps do something different so here
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01928-00445343-00445566 is we adjust some knob increasing the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01929-00445567-00445775 torque there's a range in which we see
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01930-00445776-00446007 some rate of revolution then suddenly it
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01931-00446008-00446214 jumps to something else and we see the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01932-00446215-00446447 staircase we can ask about what its
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01933-00446447-00446622 geometry looks like
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01934-00446623-00446870 if we look at this intrinsic geometry we
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01935-00446871-00447014 see a picture that looks something like
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01936-00447015-00447143 this
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01937-00447143-00447303 and now it's rather clear that what
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01938-00447304-00447535 isn't seeing in any decent sense
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01939-00447535-00447814 something like say two constant values
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01940-00447815-00448135 is truly here a very large spectrum of
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01941-00448135-00448239 different ways
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01942-00448239-00448527 that these different steps are produced
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01943-00448528-00448751 one fractured from the next
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01944-00448752-00448918 you remember what that picture looks
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01945-00448919-00449014 like
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01946-00449015-00449207 here's a different problem closely
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01947-00449208-00449431 related to something that mandelbrot had
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01948-00449432-00449647 showed you
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01949-00449647-00449863 this is not the mandelbrot set it's a
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01950-00449864-00450103 simpler object it's a certain so-called
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01951-00450104-00450575 julia set
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01952-00450576-00450831 and sort of looks like the outline of a
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01953-00450832-00451063 cloud it's a rather easy to come by
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01954-00451064-00451222 object
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01955-00451223-00451414 it occurs at one point that appears in
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01956-00451415-00451622 the mandelbrot set
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01957-00451623-00451799 it looks something rather you can see
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01958-00451800-00451991 there's a piece in here that sort of
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01959-00451992-00452127 looks like the whole thing if you take
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01960-00452128-00452247 this piece
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01961-00452247-00452463 and flip it over so that part moves over
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01962-00452464-00452703 here then there's this bump over here
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01963-00452704-00452966 and it pretty clearly looks sort of as
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01964-00452967-00453175 though itself similar so here's a
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01965-00453176-00453399 magnification of one of those pieces
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01966-00453400-00453599 however to put it together it isn't
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01967-00453600-00453822 quite the same however if i now take
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01968-00453823-00454103 this piece and magnify it up again and
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01969-00454104-00454327 keep doing that it will finally become
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01970-00454328-00454470 something definite
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01971-00454471-00454695 the rule of doing that magnification
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01972-00454696-00455022 however is different everywhere along
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01973-00455023-00455159 this curve
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01974-00455160-00455391 if i figure out again everywhere along
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01975-00455392-00455495 the curve
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01976-00455496-00455751 what is that magnification which is how
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01977-00455752-00455983 to specify intrinsically what its
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01978-00455984-00456135 geometry is
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01979-00456135-00456295 then i get a picture that looks like
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01980-00456296-00456487 this this is another one of these
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01981-00456488-00456687 scaling functions determining the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01982-00456688-00456855 intrinsic geometry
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01983-00456856-00457110 and you can see it's highly reminiscent
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01984-00457112-00457375 of the object that you saw for that mode
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01985-00457376-00457614 locking problem that devil's staircase
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01986-00457615-00457847 picture so in fact there's quite a large
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01987-00457847-00458118 diversity of these geometries to
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01988-00458119-00458343 understand these geometries is at least
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01989-00458343-00458575 to completely understand some of the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01990-00458576-00458975 dynamical behavior of perhaps easier of
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01991-00458976-00459191 the problems that we know about
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01992-00459192-00459591 well
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01993-00459592-00459799 i think i very close to
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01994-00459800-00460118 to finish what i want to talk about
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01995-00460119-00460279 the basic thing that i've said is that
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01996-00460280-00460510 one has come to understand in the course
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01997-00460512-00460679 of this study of
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01998-00460680-00460870 the onset of
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-01999-00460871-00461127 of chaos the transition to chaos
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02000-00461128-00461327 the nature of the geometries of certain
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02001-00461328-00461614 objects we understand how we figure out
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02002-00461615-00461783 that they're universal there are
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02003-00461784-00461983 strategies that we've learned
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02004-00461984-00462135 a very important thing that we've
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02005-00462135-00462295 learned is that indeed they are
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02006-00462296-00462559 universal that has the crucial import to
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02007-00462560-00462766 it that rather than solving a hard
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02008-00462767-00463031 problem such as the fluid problem which
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02009-00463032-00463231 is even exacerbated by not even knowing
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02010-00463232-00463566 the right equations we can with impunity
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02011-00463567-00463735 for the right kind of qualitative
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02012-00463735-00464047 behaviors substitute a trivial problem
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02013-00464047-00464270 once we've done that we can almost
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02014-00464271-00464503 certainly make greater inroads and to
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02015-00464504-00464743 figure out what's going on in fact this
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02016-00464743-00465055 idea of substituting simpler problems
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02017-00465056-00465279 is one of the the strategies that we've
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02018-00465280-00465487 learned in the course of pursuing these
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02019-00465488-00465791 ideas as a mathematical point
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02020-00465792-00466007 while for the simpler problems there
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02021-00466008-00466239 might exist more mathematics
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02022-00466239-00466439 again there are so-called topological
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02023-00466439-00466639 properties that one understands very
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02024-00466639-00466863 well of these simplest one-dimensional
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02025-00466864-00466975 problems
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02026-00466976-00467222 those topological features turn out to
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02027-00467223-00467487 have a much richer existence than anyone
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02028-00467488-00467735 knows how to prove at the moment we only
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02029-00467735-00468007 understand why that's so because we know
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02030-00468008-00468287 that these universal behaviors can occur
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02031-00468288-00468735 in immensely high dimensional settings
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02032-00468735-00468822 well
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02033-00468823-00469047 what i'm saying then is that we've
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02034-00469047-00469239 learned some method of describing some
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02035-00469239-00469447 geometries it's more than saying
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02036-00469447-00469695 geometries in a certain way of speaking
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02037-00469696-00469895 when i say geometries i mean very
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02038-00469896-00470103 specifically i can tell you how all the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02039-00470104-00470351 pieces are put together i can specify
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02040-00470352-00470591 one of these objects by telling you
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02041-00470592-00470822 exactly what its scaling function is
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02042-00470823-00471022 these are entities that are in virtually
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02043-00471023-00471375 one-to-one correspondence in fact are
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02044-00471376-00471647 well let me end with an example
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02045-00471647-00471839 you've seen pictures of the mandelbrot
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02046-00471839-00472070 set you saw them in the previous lecture
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02047-00472071-00472239 many i'm sure
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02048-00472239-00472470 have yourselves gone off and simulated
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02049-00472471-00472727 the mandelbrot set on your computer
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02050-00472728-00472831 however
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02051-00472832-00473022 i doubt that many of you are aware of
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02052-00473023-00473279 the fact that the ubiquity of the model
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02053-00473280-00473575 rod set is in fact the consequence
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02054-00473576-00473799 of the idea of universality at the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02055-00473800-00474007 transition to chaos
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02056-00474008-00474175 more than that
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02057-00474176-00474414 as i said there are potent seeds that
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02058-00474415-00474703 appear at the transition to chaos
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02059-00474704-00474975 and in those seeds as i said is
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02060-00474976-00475247 everything that can possibly happen so
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02061-00475247-00475439 as a matter of fact the entire
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02062-00475439-00475766 mandelbrot set is organized by just that
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02063-00475767-00476022 one point which is at the end of this
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02064-00476023-00476295 hierarchy of doublings the most obvious
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02065-00476296-00476463 way that you can see something about
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02066-00476464-00476543 that
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02067-00476543-00476783 is that of course the set is big disk
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02068-00476784-00477031 the cardioid one with another disc and a
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02069-00477032-00477247 smaller disc and a smaller desk
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02070-00477247-00477455 if you look along that part of the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02071-00477456-00477735 mandelbrot set and you ask how quickly
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02072-00477735-00478014 do these disks diminish in size then the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02073-00478015-00478239 answer to that is in fact they diminish
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02074-00478239-00478470 by a number called delta which is around
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02075-00478471-00478679 four and two thirds which is one of the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02076-00478680-00478895 most prominent numbers known from the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02077-00478896-00479151 study of the universal transition to
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02078-00479152-00479407 chaos in the so-called circumstance of
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02079-00479408-00479559 period doubling
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02080-00479560-00479751 it's remarkable
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02081-00479752-00479879 albeit true
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02082-00479880-00480143 that just understanding exactly what
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02083-00480143-00480414 happens at this transition to chaos in
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02084-00480415-00480687 principle determines all of the things
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02085-00480688-00480959 that you can happen nearby
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02086-00480960-00481231 i'll just put up a final picture
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02087-00481232-00481422 if you look at
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02088-00481423-00481639 the seeds in the theory
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02089-00481639-00481847 theory is reasonably complicated it
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02090-00481847-00482087 specifies some appropriate function this
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02091-00482088-00482343 function exists in the complex plane has
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02092-00482343-00482679 a real and imaginary part
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02093-00482680-00482847 however that runs if you don't know what
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02094-00482847-00483022 it means it doesn't matter this is the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02095-00483023-00483166 real part of that function in the
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02096-00483167-00483414 complex plane its function is immensely
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02097-00483415-00483607 complicated it has essential
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02098-00483608-00483799 singularities natural boundaries
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02099-00483800-00484031 floating around in it in its full
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02100-00484032-00484407 structure in fact is everything encoded
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02101-00484408-00484566 not easy to get out of it but
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02102-00484567-00484791 nevertheless encoded what the entire
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02103-00484792-00485070 arrangement of the mandelbrot set is
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02104-00485071-00485399 and so let me end my talk
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02105-00485400-00485662 with the final comment
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02106-00485663-00485862 maybe what we understand
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02107-00485863-00486127 is somewhat on the simple side it is i
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02108-00486128-00486303 would obviously like to be able to tell
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02109-00486304-00486439 you this is the way that fluid
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02110-00486439-00486599 turbulence works there are a lot of
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02111-00486600-00486783 things i like to be able to tell you
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02112-00486784-00486951 there are approximate applications to
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02113-00486952-00487270 biology when those many things now about
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02114-00487271-00487527 breathing diseases apneas various
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02115-00487528-00487751 arrhythmic problems
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02116-00487752-00487935 one would like to know much much much
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02117-00487935-00488175 more about them one has very limited
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02118-00488176-00488455 knowledge at the moment
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02119-00488456-00488695 nevertheless
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02120-00488696-00489007 that simple knowledge perhaps
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02121-00489008-00489295 pushes you to think that along these
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02122-00489296-00489510 lines with
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02123-00489512-00489775 more effort more distortions one might
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02124-00489776-00490007 be able to comprehend vastly more
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02125-00490008-00490166 complicated things
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02126-00490167-00490359 and certainly
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02127-00490360-00490575 it's in the attempt to comprehend those
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02128-00490576-00490799 much more complicated things that we
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02129-00490800-00491062 find that justification truly in doing
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02130-00491063-00492527 this study thank you very much
+wyWAdmZh2Ay-02131-00492528-00492735 you
+w-BnoCAtb2Q-00000-00000030-00001360 [Music]
+w-BnoCAtb2Q-00001-00001361-00001591 why
+w-BnoCAtb2Q-00002-00001592-00002550 [Music]
+w-BnoCAtb2Q-00003-00002551-00002744 Oh
+w-BnoCAtb2Q-00004-00002745-00004986 [Music]
+w-BnoCAtb2Q-00005-00004987-00005447 Oh
+w-BnoCAtb2Q-00006-00005448-00005865 [Music]
+w__S_-q_xrk-00000-00000231-00000342 how
+w__S_-q_xrk-00001-00000343-00000471 will
+w__S_-q_xrk-00002-00000472-00000582 it
+w__S_-q_xrk-00003-00000583-00000815 be when you
+w__S_-q_xrk-00004-00000816-00000927 can
+w__S_-q_xrk-00005-00000927-00001231 choose what you turn
+w__S_-q_xrk-00006-00001232-00001415 into
+w__S_-q_xrk-00007-00001416-00001814 time to grow
+w__S_-q_xrk-00008-00001816-00002334 what kind of creature are you
+w__S_-q_xrk-00009-00002335-00003020 feathers or bits or snarls
+w__S_-q_xrk-00010-00003021-00004541 [Music]
+w__S_-q_xrk-00011-00004542-00005070 [Music]
+w__S_-q_xrk-00012-00005071-00005598 how will you create the universe
+w__S_-q_xrk-00013-00005599-00005840 [Music]
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00000-00000245-00000430 [Music]
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00001-00000430-00000925 okay so these these next three panelists
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00002-00000926-00001378 have a special relationship with the
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00003-00001379-00001568 empirical educator project in the sense
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00004-00001569-00001927 that I don't know if any of this would
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00005-00001928-00002248 not have happened if I had not
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00006-00002249-00002600 interviewed the three of you about two
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00007-00002601-00002683 years ago
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00008-00002684-00002917 Marshall Lovett Kincaid in her and
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00009-00002918-00003658 Lauren hircus I was here on a press
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00010-00003659-00004111 fellowship I think people sometimes
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00011-00004112-00004409 don't know what category to put me in
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00012-00004410-00004910 that week I was press so and can I hurt
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00013-00004911-00005188 you interviewed I heard you give a talk
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00014-00005189-00005413 once before Marcia and Laura and I had
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00015-00005414-00005677 not met you before I brought a camera
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00016-00005678-00005867 and chopped it in your faces and just
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00017-00005868-00006224 started asking questions and I hit the
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00018-00006225-00006778 jackpot so the three of you together and
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00019-00006779-00006989 the complementary perspectives that you
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00020-00006990-00007339 gave me really influenced my thinking
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00021-00007340-00007994 and I knew that but I didn't realize the
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00022-00007995-00008156 totality of how it all fit together
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00023-00008156-00008328 until I was putting together this
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00024-00008329-00008684 program and I was thinking about putting
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00025-00008685-00009031 you all on a panel and the jigsaw
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00026-00009032-00009464 puzzles all fit together jigsaw puzzle
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00027-00009465-00009817 pieces and so I thought okay let's just
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00028-00009818-00010016 lay them out for everybody so this this
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00029-00010017-00010378 is I think is where you Marcia convinced
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00030-00010379-00010808 me that maybe this is 1.0 beta at least
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00031-00010809-00011534 inside my brain now so let's start by
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00032-00011535-00011759 the way these interviews are all the
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00033-00011760-00011948 ones I'm talking about are all on the
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00034-00011949-00012178 illiterate TV YouTube channel if you
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00035-00012179-00012662 want to go and watch them can in your
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00036-00012663-00013221 interview you were talking about
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00037-00013222-00013563 being wrong about what students find
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00038-00013563-00013812 hard that happens to be one of your
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00039-00013813-00014607 areas of expertise in research but you
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00040-00014608-00014741 were also talking about it from a very
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00041-00014743-00015078 personal perspective as as an educator
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00042-00015079-00015322 you were talking about how you will
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00043-00015324-00015641 create test questions with two different
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00044-00015643-00015957 versions where you have one version that
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00045-00015958-00016311 has the hard part the hypothesized hard
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00046-00016312-00016503 part as you put it and another version
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00047-00016504-00016848 that has that doesn't have it and you
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00048-00016849-00017159 said it was really striking how often
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00049-00017160-00017586 you're wrong about what students find
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00050-00017587-00017862 hard you said could be almost half the
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00051-00017863-00018213 time and you're very matter-of-fact
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00052-00018214-00018729 about it right and I think there are a
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00053-00018730-00019008 lot of faculty members who would find it
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00054-00019009-00019461 scandalous to admit that their colleague
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00055-00019462-00019694 says they're wrong almost half a time
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00056-00019695-00020007 about what students find hard and I
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00057-00020008-00020184 think they would find it very difficult
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00058-00020185-00020541 to admit that so I want to I want to get
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00059-00020542-00020850 to the science behind that but first I
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00060-00020851-00021009 was wondering if you could talk about
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00061-00021010-00021472 your personal journey as an educator
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00062-00021473-00021738 learning the scholarship of that and
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00063-00021739-00021963 what it was like to come to that
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00064-00021964-00022542 realization well stop me if this story
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00065-00022543-00022677 gets too long I'll try to keep it short
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00066-00022678-00022947 I started in computer science that I was
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00067-00022948-00023232 very much interested in AI but I got
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00068-00023233-00023379 frustrated at some point because I
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00069-00023380-00023514 thought people who were trying to build
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00070-00023515-00023664 artificial intelligence we're just
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00071-00023665-00023808 sitting in their armchairs thinking
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00072-00023809-00024047 about how to think of people think not
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00073-00024048-00024303 studying how people think and I ended up
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00074-00024304-00024603 coming here to CMU switching PhD
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00075-00024604-00024837 programs to a psychology ph.d program
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00076-00024838-00025077 and I started to learn a lot about data
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00077-00025078-00025383 and the more I collected data the more I
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00078-00025384-00025640 realized that a lot of my intuitions for
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00079-00025641-00025917 example about like I read polla if you
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00080-00025918-00026070 if you guys know this mathematical
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00081-00026070-00026238 problem self great stuff about general
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00082-00026239-00026469 problem-solving tried to teach it to
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00083-00026470-00026614 geometry students
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00084-00026614-00026968 kept bumping my head against how often
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00085-00026969-00027162 the trouble for students isn't their
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00086-00027163-00027325 general problem-solving skills but
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00087-00027326-00027529 they're acquiring the content knowledge
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00088-00027530-00027880 but perhaps the most striking example of
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00089-00027881-00028186 this kind of comparison came when I was
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00090-00028187-00028389 working on an algebra high school
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00091-00028391-00028525 algebra project and I wanted to
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00092-00028526-00028735 understand why story problems algebra
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00093-00028736-00028924 story problems are so hard for students
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00094-00028925-00029185 and it made a set of quizzes with
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00095-00029186-00029482 matched story problems in equations so
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00096-00029483-00029869 the same math involved gave them out on
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00097-00029870-00030079 multiple forms and then looked at the
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00098-00030080-00030352 data to try to understand why the story
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00099-00030352-00030694 problems are harder and I was stuck
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00100-00030695-00031020 because they weren't the equations
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00101-00031022-00031423 turned out to be harder and whole long
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00102-00031424-00031630 story about that but I think part of my
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00103-00031631-00031877 personal journey it helped to be
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00104-00031878-00032127 externalizing it at first right I was
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00105-00032127-00032377 showing other instructors how their
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00106-00032377-00032785 intuitions were wrong but it can't come
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00107-00032786-00033087 to believe that a lot of our expertise
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00108-00033088-00033544 is tacit is implicit we're not aware of
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00109-00033545-00033771 our own expertise we don't know what we
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00110-00033772-00034152 know and therein is the opening for for
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00111-00034153-00034396 making these kinds of mistakes and I
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00112-00034397-00034642 certainly can can say more about how
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00113-00034643-00035029 this has affected my own teaching but I
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00114-00035030-00035202 thought setting it up that with the
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00115-00035203-00035761 background would help yeah so I'm I
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00116-00035762-00035952 would love for you to say more about
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00117-00035953-00036162 that how it's affected your own teaching
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00118-00036163-00036364 that's good prompt for you to find ken
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00119-00036365-00036856 later it's I'm mindful of the time could
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00120-00036857-00037168 you just say a little bit about expert
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00121-00037169-00037702 blindness expert a blind spot I guess
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00122-00037703-00038062 was the phrase we used years ago I'm now
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00123-00038063-00038275 think it's much bigger than a spot like
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00124-00038276-00038562 maybe 70% of what you know you don't
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00125-00038563-00039052 know you know and yeah I think I was
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00126-00039053-00039414 teaching research methods to PhD and
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00127-00039415-00039708 master's students this semester and you
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00128-00039709-00039883 know III asked them at the end of the
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00129-00039884-00039982 course
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00130-00039983-00040198 what what are some examples of great
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00131-00040199-00040438 education researchers that you respect
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00132-00040439-00040675 and what do they do what makes their
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00133-00040676-00040861 education research special that makes
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00134-00040862-00041068 them stand out and we've got a long list
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00135-00041069-00041215 of things and some of those things
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00136-00041216-00041389 overlapped with what we taught in the
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00137-00041390-00041584 course but a lot of them didn't and
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00138-00041585-00041878 they're there and again is that message
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00139-00041879-00042118 like we're not always teaching what
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00140-00042119-00042406 students need to know because we don't
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00141-00042407-00042658 realize that we do it because it's part
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00142-00042659-00042856 of our tacit knowledge and and it's
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00143-00042857-00043021 striking when we collect that data and
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00144-00043022-00043216 listen closely we can really improve our
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00145-00043217-00043639 courses right now Marsha when when you
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00146-00043640-00043963 and I talked there was we also talked
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00147-00043964-00044131 about tacit knowledge but it was almost
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00148-00044132-00044377 a mirror image of my conversation with
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00149-00044378-00044851 Ken you were talking about things that
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00150-00044852-00045181 educators know that they don't know in
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00151-00045182-00045436 terms of helping students right that
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00152-00045437-00045583 they have certain moves that are
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00153-00045584-00046048 intuitive that either they're not aware
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00154-00046049-00046228 that they're doing or they're aware that
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00155-00046229-00046351 they're doing but they don't know how to
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00156-00046352-00046728 articulate to people in ways that that
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00157-00046729-00047056 would enable them to transfer that right
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00158-00047057-00047290 so good same question to you
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00159-00047291-00047869 when you when you were as a faculty
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00160-00047870-00048199 member on your journey to becoming a
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00161-00048200-00048586 scholar that you are now well what was
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00162-00048587-00049147 it like to learn that about yourself so
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00163-00049148-00049390 you're asking me to think back just a
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00164-00049391-00049573 few years when I was a newly minted
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00165-00049574-00049858 assistant professor and like many
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00166-00049859-00050077 faculty members I wasn't taught how to
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00167-00050078-00050461 teach I was thrown in to teach the
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00168-00050462-00050698 introduction to cognitive psychology
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00169-00050699-00051037 which is a lecture course and I had
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00170-00051038-00051304 close to 100 students and the
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00171-00051304-00051721 preparation that I had was borrowing the
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00172-00051722-00052107 previous instructors notes lecture notes
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00173-00052108-00052497 so there was teaching these students and
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00174-00052498-00052861 I found myself doing two things I think
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00175-00052862-00053113 that speak to this that I kind of
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00176-00053114-00053312 noticed that I was doing them
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00177-00053313-00053720 recurring fashion one was I was trying
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00178-00053721-00053999 to link the material to students lives
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00179-00054000-00054388 as often as I could and the second is
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00180-00054389-00054665 instead of just lecturing at them
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00181-00054666-00054950 I was asking students to solve little
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00182-00054951-00055178 problems or work on small tasks
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00183-00055179-00055439 throughout class you would call this
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00184-00055440-00055778 active learning today it's before that
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00185-00055779-00056396 was mentioned term and so that second
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00186-00056397-00056558 thing the active learning thing is
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00187-00056559-00056726 consistent with my training as a
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00188-00056727-00057023 learning scientist but I wasn't just
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00189-00057024-00057308 doing it for the students I was doing it
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00190-00057309-00057671 for myself because I needed the data on
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00191-00057672-00057989 were they getting it above and beyond
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00192-00057990-00058220 the the two people in the front row who
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00193-00058221-00058352 would always raise their hand and
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00194-00058353-00058625 respond I needed to know of the whole
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00195-00058626-00058936 eighty ninety a hundred students who was
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00196-00058937-00059237 able to solve a problem after we had
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00197-00059238-00059387 just talked about a certain topic so I
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00198-00059388-00059639 think that I would say was the pair of
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00199-00059640-00059849 things I did the most now the first one
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00200-00059850-00059992 about relating it to their lives
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00201-00059994-00060212 that wasn't my area of expertise I was
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00202-00060213-00060362 trained in cognitive experimental
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00203-00060363-00060539 psychology and learning science so I
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00204-00060540-00060779 started reading more of the research on
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00205-00060779-00061061 motivation and metacognition kind of
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00206-00061062-00061591 went the opposite way in that topic and
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00207-00061591-00062408 so now that you're there how do you how
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00208-00062409-00063161 do you go about researching something
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00209-00063162-00063503 that educators are unconscious that
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00210-00063504-00063791 they're doing and then how do you talk
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00211-00063791-00064160 about it with them so this reminds me of
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00212-00064161-00064567 a story and I think it's a legend I
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00213-00064569-00064709 don't think it's actually a true story
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00214-00064710-00064853 but maybe folks in the room have heard
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00215-00064854-00065027 of it and afterwards can tell me that's
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00216-00065028-00065276 actually true so I'll get up to
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00217-00065277-00065567 demonstrate this story so there was a
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00218-00065568-00065894 teacher who's teaching strategy involved
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00219-00065895-00066209 lecturing and pacing and this teachers
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00220-00066210-00066557 pacing was driving the students nutty so
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00221-00066558-00066698 they got together and
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00222-00066699-00066941 looted and whenever the instructor was
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00223-00066942-00067151 pacing this way they'd be very attentive
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00224-00067152-00067406 and engaged but when the teacher was
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00225-00067407-00067594 going this way they'd be bored and
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00226-00067595-00067819 disengaged and they entrained this
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00227-00067820-00068081 person to basically be lecturing from
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00228-00068082-00068444 the one side of the room now granted
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00229-00068445-00068687 that's not a great model for a good
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00230-00068688-00069151 pedagogy but what it shows is that by
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00231-00069152-00069319 experimenting with different strategies
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00232-00069320-00069532 and hopefully we have more strategies
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00233-00069533-00069707 than which direction to pace while you
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00234-00069708-00069947 lecture but by experimenting with those
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00235-00069948-00070126 different strategies and paying
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00236-00070127-00070442 attention to the data that students the
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00237-00070443-00070657 signals that they're sending either
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00238-00070658-00070922 their engagement their learning etc we
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00239-00070923-00071309 can tweak and adjust in that way to get
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00240-00071310-00071804 better teaching strategies how do we how
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00241-00071805-00071987 do we study that how do we support that
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00242-00071988-00072179 well here at Carnegie Mellon and I'm
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00243-00072180-00072359 guessing it at the universities and
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00244-00072360-00072557 colleges of the folks in the room we
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00245-00072558-00072713 have a teaching Center ours is called
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00246-00072714-00072950 the Everly Center and it's a teaching an
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00247-00072951-00073325 EdTech Center a common thing we do is if
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00248-00073326-00073613 a faculty member wants some help to
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00249-00073614-00073876 adjust their teaching strategies to
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00250-00073877-00073994 improve student learning we might
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00251-00073995-00074213 conduct a classroom visit classroom
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00252-00074214-00074603 observation because it's really hard to
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00253-00074604-00074774 be teaching I call it teaching one of
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00254-00074775-00075031 the most challenging multitasks you're
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00255-00075032-00075221 you're managing the time you're
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00256-00075222-00075404 following your notes you're managing
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00257-00075405-00075638 technology you're trying to figure out
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00258-00075639-00075818 if the students are understanding or not
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00259-00075819-00076013 and how to adjust so it's helpful to
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00260-00076014-00076217 have another set of eyes in the room and
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00261-00076218-00076499 by doing that the classroom of
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00262-00076500-00076769 observation consultant can actually be
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00263-00076770-00076994 tracking things like when you asked a
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00264-00076995-00077281 question how long did you pause or did
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00265-00077282-00077603 you just answer your own question how
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00266-00077604-00077765 many students in the room were engaged
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00267-00077766-00077951 and participating was there sign of
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00268-00077952-00078206 selectivity to the engagement of
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00269-00078207-00078425 students so that's a typical thing what
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00270-00078426-00078626 we are able to do now with this lovely
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00271-00078627-00078826 new building is in our Center which is
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00272-00078827-00079025 down the hall we designed two classrooms
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00273-00079026-00079355 that are instrumented so that if faculty
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00274-00079356-00079535 members are willing to come and teach in
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00275-00079536-00079865 our classroom we can observe them with a
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00276-00079866-00080016 person taking notes and what
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00277-00080017-00080262 but we can also collect data in the room
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00278-00080263-00080424 as they're teaching live maybe even
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00279-00080425-00080634 every time they're teaching if they want
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00280-00080635-00080790 to teach the whole semester in there and
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00281-00080791-00081147 then we're working to get more and more
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00282-00081148-00081405 automated ways to take those data and
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00283-00081406-00081660 feed them back to the faculty member so
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00284-00081661-00081894 that they can reflect on their teaching
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00285-00081895-00082092 through these classroom observation
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00286-00082093-00082476 datasets again I'm gonna resist going
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00287-00082477-00082773 down the path here but to put in a plug
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00288-00082774-00083094 that there will be two tours of that
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00289-00083095-00083280 instrument of class those internal
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00290-00083281-00083502 classrooms later in the day
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00291-00083503-00083879 now Lauren you're an anthropologist I
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00292-00083880-00084258 saw those heads perk up I was waiting
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00293-00084259-00084627 for that and you did a study of Carnegie
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00294-00084628-00085572 Mellon professors yeah so so first I
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00295-00085573-00086040 just want to make sure I'm making yes I
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00296-00086041-00086268 I don't want to jump the gun here
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00297-00086269-00086433 can you just just give us a description
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00298-00086434-00086955 of the study sure well we started by
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00299-00086956-00087120 thinking about the fact that Carnegie
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00300-00087121-00087473 Mellon has a long and storied history of
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00301-00087474-00087723 learning science research and innovation
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00302-00087724-00087930 you know that we know so much more now
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00303-00087931-00088209 than we did even five years ago but
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00304-00088210-00088368 certainly ten years ago 20 years ago
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00305-00088369-00088740 about about how learning works about how
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00306-00088741-00088943 to teach well and how to develop
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00307-00088944-00089238 practices and technologies that we can
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00308-00089239-00089523 measure improved learning outcomes for
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00309-00089524-00089808 students we know that they work and so
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00310-00089809-00090183 this question of what next you know why
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00311-00090184-00090405 aren't we seeing these broadly adopted
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00312-00090406-00090774 you know even at Carnegie Mellon was
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00313-00090775-00091029 raised you know when when folks think
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00314-00091030-00091314 about barriers to the adoption of
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00315-00091315-00091491 evidence-based teaching tools or
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00316-00091492-00091731 practices the most common reason that
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00317-00091732-00092232 people cite for for the the lack of
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00318-00092233-00092472 widespread sustained adoption that they
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00319-00092473-00092685 they hope to see our institutional
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00320-00092686-00092921 culture and structures
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00321-00092922-00093218 so you call it anthropologist I think
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00322-00093219-00093602 about culture so we spent almost two
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00323-00093603-00093881 years looking at the question of
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00324-00093882-00094100 institutional culture and structures how
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00325-00094101-00094334 can we better understand the the way
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00326-00094335-00094559 that teaching and learning happens the
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00327-00094560-00094793 way that instructional innovation takes
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00328-00094794-00095069 place at Carnegie Mellon and so we
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00329-00095070-00095542 started by by choosing four projects
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00330-00095543-00095939 innovative teaching projects to follow
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00331-00095940-00096397 for almost a year we distributed a
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00332-00096398-00096620 hypothesis-generating survey and
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00333-00096621-00096832 followed these four projects through
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00334-00096833-00097127 development and improvement as people
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00335-00097128-00097325 tried them out in classrooms or online
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00336-00097326-00097670 with real students decided what worked
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00337-00097671-00097877 and what didn't work to improve them and
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00338-00097878-00098201 to try again and and so during this time
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00339-00098202-00098456 I had the privilege of sitting in on a
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00340-00098457-00098732 lot of meetings being copied on a lot of
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00341-00098733-00098984 email chains thinking through the
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00342-00098985-00099218 process with a lot of folks you know
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00343-00099219-00099551 throughout the the process of following
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00344-00099552-00099881 four projects I regularly interviewed
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00345-00099882-00100115 people involved I sat in on classrooms
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00346-00100116-00100313 and was able to take kind of a
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00347-00100314-00100457 bird's-eye view you know anyone who's
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00348-00100458-00100664 involved in a collaborative project to
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00349-00100665-00100874 do something has a role and has to work
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00350-00100875-00101075 with other people and has goals and has
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00351-00101076-00101423 concerns and so the luxury of being in
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00352-00101424-00102014 the room without having to achieve very
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00353-00102015-00102386 specific collaborative goals allows
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00354-00102387-00102655 someone who's in that privileged
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00355-00102656-00102817 position to take a different perspective
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00356-00102818-00102989 to generate a different set of
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00357-00102990-00103271 understandings so over the course of a
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00358-00103272-00103400 couple of years of following four
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00359-00103401-00103616 projects and and getting some ideas
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00360-00103617-00103792 about what might be working and what
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00361-00103793-00104114 might be challenging and interviewing a
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00362-00104115-00104380 lot of people for a lot of hours we came
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00363-00104381-00104710 up with a broad set of barriers and
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00364-00104711-00104876 facilitators to the adoption of
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00365-00104877-00105010 evidence-based teaching tools and
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00366-00105011-00105208 practices and it's been a really
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00367-00105209-00105491 interesting process now I know you're
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00368-00105492-00105647 gonna talk about some of this tomorrow
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00369-00105648-00105878 so what we don't know spoilers on that
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00370-00105879-00106370 but I wonder if you could
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00371-00106371-00106683 yeah given what we've just heard about
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00372-00106684-00107081 what faculty don't know that they know
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00373-00107082-00107233 and what they don't know that they don't
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00374-00107234-00107783 know right yeah give us a story or two
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00375-00107783-00108326 about how faculty do think about their
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00376-00108327-00108529 teaching how do they conceptualize it
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00377-00108530-00108810 where does where do their ideas about
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00378-00108811-00109148 good teaching come from well that's
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00379-00109149-00109316 that's a great question I love that
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00380-00109317-00109439 we've been talking about personal
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00381-00109440-00109738 journeys so far because one thing that
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00382-00109739-00109970 that came through loud and clear every
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00383-00109971-00110228 single educator who I spoke to in the
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00384-00110229-00110372 course of the project that I was just
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00385-00110373-00110734 talking about and virtually everyone
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00386-00110735-00111058 I've spoken to since cares deeply about
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00387-00111059-00111316 teaching and teaching well teaching and
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00388-00111317-00111593 their students are among the most
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00389-00111594-00111886 important things in in virtually every
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00390-00111888-00112103 one of these educators lives so teaching
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00391-00112104-00112328 well being a good professor being an
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00392-00112329-00112631 excellent educator is a shared value but
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00393-00112632-00112799 what that means to different people is
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00394-00112800-00113035 different and so I've been thinking a
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00395-00113036-00113207 lot over the last year or so about
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00396-00113208-00113483 origin stories like superhero origin
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00397-00113483-00113635 stories but these are educator origin
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00398-00113636-00113884 stories and there are a lot you know
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00399-00113885-00114154 that these educators who care deeply
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00400-00114155-00114316 about teaching have different ways of
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00401-00114317-00114494 thinking about what it means to teach
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00402-00114495-00114794 well and that shapes the way they engage
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00403-00114795-00115046 with students the way they think about
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00404-00115047-00115283 adopting new methods in the classroom
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00405-00115283-00115469 whether or not they use someone's notes
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00406-00115470-00115759 or iteratively improve test questions
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00407-00115760-00116078 you know what seems important so there
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00408-00116079-00116233 are some faculty for whom building
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00409-00116234-00116404 relationships connecting with students
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00410-00116405-00116588 is the most important thing if they can
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00411-00116589-00116710 just connect and build that relationship
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00412-00116711-00116933 then the rest will follow
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00413-00116933-00117061 doesn't mean that other things aren't
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00414-00117063-00117211 important but that's paramount and that
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00415-00117213-00117391 really shapes the way that folks think
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00416-00117392-00117731 about what's important in teaching there
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00417-00117732-00117989 are there are people for whom finding
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00418-00117990-00118159 the right challenge like knowing
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00419-00118160-00118309 students may not like it they may not
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00420-00118310-00118520 like me but when they grapple with this
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00421-00118521-00118727 problem I mean they just need to be
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00422-00118728-00118883 thrown into the deep end they'll learn
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00423-00118883-00119008 to swim and they'll thank me for it
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00424-00119009-00119140 later or they won't but they'll learn to
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00425-00119141-00119335 swim so there are these different ideas
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00426-00119336-00119495 about teaching effectiveness and I think
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00427-00119496-00119638 that um
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00428-00119639-00119872 personal journeys are important and as
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00429-00119873-00120210 we just heard a lot of educators don't
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00430-00120211-00120424 have explicit instruction on how to
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00431-00120425-00120889 teach well so anyone who has ever taught
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00432-00120890-00121158 and almost anybody who's ever been a
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00433-00121159-00121306 student if you ask well what makes
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00434-00121307-00121651 someone a good teacher they have ideas
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00435-00121652-00121921 and you can take a minute and think
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00436-00121922-00122098 about where those ideas come from and
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00437-00122099-00122350 you get these incredible stories I get
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00438-00122351-00122632 these incredible stories I hear when I
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00439-00122633-00122788 was in high school I had a swim coach
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00440-00122789-00122977 you told me that you know it may not be
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00441-00122978-00123133 comfortable but you just practice and
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00442-00123133-00123265 it'll become second nature and that
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00443-00123266-00123441 really drives the way I think about what
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00444-00123442-00123793 my students should be doing I my
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00445-00123794-00124174 favorite my favorite story because kind
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00446-00124175-00124399 of encapsulates the whole idea about
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00447-00124400-00124669 this is a woman who is a junior faculty
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00448-00124670-00125098 member I asked her how she came to teach
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00449-00125099-00125304 the way that she teaches and she
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00450-00125305-00125482 described a moment when she was a
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00451-00125483-00125614 first-year student
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00452-00125615-00125902 that's an undergraduate so this was some
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00453-00125903-00126250 years ago she said that she was taking a
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00454-00126251-00126490 class that was just fantastic this is
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00455-00126491-00126697 the class that convinced her to declare
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00456-00126698-00126759 a major
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00457-00126760-00127008 it was so engaging every time she went
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00458-00127009-00127132 to class she learned new things she
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00459-00127133-00127315 thought it was exciting and interesting
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00460-00127316-00127582 and engaging and revelatory and one day
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00461-00127583-00127734 after class about halfway through this
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00462-00127735-00127965 semester she pulled the teacher aside
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00463-00127966-00128098 and said I just want to thank you this
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00464-00128099-00128323 class is so cool I'm really loving it I
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00465-00128324-00128494 think I'm gonna declare this this has my
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00466-00128495-00128797 major and the professor said oh thank
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00467-00128798-00128932 you so much you know I work really hard
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00468-00128933-00129097 on my classes I try and break it down
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00469-00129098-00129265 into small chunks and make it relevant
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00470-00129266-00129490 to your lives and you guys have really
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00471-00129491-00129670 different references than I do so that's
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00472-00129671-00129889 hard for me and I keep trying to work in
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00473-00129890-00130090 these opportunities for you guys to talk
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00474-00130091-00130297 to each other and and as they're walking
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00475-00130298-00130404 through the hallway having this
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00476-00130405-00130611 conversation the colleague who I was
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00477-00130613-00130852 asking to describe this experience said
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00478-00130853-00131065 I was stunned I wouldn't know that she
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00479-00131066-00131209 thought I just thought that she really
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00480-00131210-00131311 knew her stuff and was really
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00481-00131312-00131541 charismatic I just I didn't realize she
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00482-00131542-00131790 had thought about it that way and a
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00483-00131791-00132220 decade or more later this person is now
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00484-00132221-00132615 a professor and thinking intentionally
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00485-00132616-00132850 about how students engage with content
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00486-00132851-00132997 and active learning
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00487-00132998-00133225 and relevant examples to their lives our
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00488-00133226-00133486 core principles that shape the way she
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00489-00133487-00133768 teaches and she set out to learn more
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00490-00133769-00133906 about how to teach effectively because
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00491-00133907-00134209 she understood from an early moment that
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00492-00134210-00134398 when she was a student in the classroom
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00493-00134399-00134565 she saw the tip of the iceberg that
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00494-00134566-00134737 there was a lot of planning and thinking
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00495-00134738-00134983 and process that went on under the
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00496-00134984-00135438 service so this informs her practice
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00497-00135439-00135789 alternatively I interviewed someone who
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00498-00135790-00136065 who I said well you know how how do you
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00499-00136066-00136336 think someone can teach well what makes
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00500-00136337-00136696 someone a good professor and he said you
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00501-00136697-00136918 know I think that you just you need to
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00502-00136919-00137323 find your style and really try and
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00503-00137324-00137569 connect with the students and just just
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00504-00137570-00137851 find your own way to do it and you know
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00505-00137852-00138003 a lot of people try and model themselves
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00506-00138004-00138199 off of someone else like they think that
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00507-00138200-00138334 someone's a good professor and they try
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00508-00138335-00138463 and be like that and it just doesn't
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00509-00138464-00138622 work for them and then you know it's
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00510-00138623-00138784 awkward and it's ineffective and so
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00511-00138785-00138943 people just shouldn't do that but you
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00512-00138944-00139140 know actually my father's a professor
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00513-00139141-00139807 and that's what he says there's some
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00514-00139808-00140002 really interesting ideas about models
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00515-00140003-00140263 and and behavior that don't necessarily
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00516-00140264-00140569 go examined and for the vast majority of
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00517-00140570-00140761 faculty at most post-secondary
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00518-00140762-00141121 institutions origin and ideas and
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00519-00141122-00141334 personal experiences really shape values
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00520-00141335-00141966 in practice so we had far too little
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00521-00141967-00142396 time to dig into this and that we knew
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00522-00142397-00142590 that was going to be the case upfront
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00523-00142591-00142810 I've just now paint a giant targets on
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00524-00142811-00143302 the back of Marcia Kenan and Lauren so
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00525-00143303-00143790 go find them the scholarship is is
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00526-00143791-00143986 really interesting in all three cases
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00527-00143987-00144313 but also their experience as socially
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00528-00144314-00144598 empirical educators that's one of the
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00529-00144599-00144898 many values of being here at Carnegie
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00530-00144899-00145254 Mellon they actually practice this as an
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00531-00145255-00145660 institution so what we have here I think
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00532-00145661-00145963 is the beginnings of a picture of what
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00533-00145964-00146182 we're up against and what the empirical
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00534-00146183-00146347 educator project
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00535-00146348-00146790 is designed to help us grapple with as a
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00536-00146791-00147208 sector so thank you all and to be
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00537-00147209-00147849 continued
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00538-00147850-00148054 [Music]
+wCPlAw1pqT4-00539-00148055-00148261 you