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+V0OQHak7MwY-00000-00000054-00000389 the 1980 Eureka earthquake also known as
+V0OQHak7MwY-00001-00000390-00000584 the Gorda Basin earthquake occurred on
+V0OQHak7MwY-00002-00000585-00000873 November 8th that 2 hours 27 minutes and
+V0OQHak7MwY-00003-00000874-00001131 34 seconds local time along the northern
+V0OQHak7MwY-00004-00001132-00001376 coastal area of California in the United
+V0OQHak7MwY-00005-00001377-00001764 States with a moment magnitude of 7.3 in
+V0OQHak7MwY-00006-00001764-00002034 a maximum Mercalli intensity of 7 very
+V0OQHak7MwY-00007-00002035-00002265 strong this strike-slip earthquake was
+V0OQHak7MwY-00008-00002266-00002529 the largest to occur in California in 28
+V0OQHak7MwY-00009-00002530-00002586 years
+V0OQHak7MwY-00010-00002587-00002829 although damage was considered light
+V0OQHak7MwY-00011-00002830-00003035 several loss estimates equalled or
+V0OQHak7MwY-00012-00003036-00003258 exceeded two million dollars and six
+V0OQHak7MwY-00013-00003259-00003489 injuries resulted when two vehicles came
+V0OQHak7MwY-00014-00003490-00003672 down with the partial collapse of a
+V0OQHak7MwY-00015-00003672-00003969 highway overpass on us 101 in fields
+V0OQHak7MwY-00016-00003970-00004266 landing the north coast of California
+V0OQHak7MwY-00017-00004267-00004481 experiences frequent plate boundary
+V0OQHak7MwY-00018-00004482-00004701 earthquakes near the Mendocino triple
+V0OQHak7MwY-00019-00004702-00004881 Junction and intraplate events also
+V0OQHak7MwY-00020-00004882-00005202 occur within the Gorda plate due to the
+V0OQHak7MwY-00021-00005203-00005403 regional seismic risk the nuclear
+V0OQHak7MwY-00022-00005404-00005601 portion of the Humboldt Bay nuclear
+V0OQHak7MwY-00023-00005602-00005891 power plant was shut down in the 1970s
+V0OQHak7MwY-00024-00005892-00006186 no substantial damage occurred to the
+V0OQHak7MwY-00025-00006187-00006395 two fossil fuel units that were still
+V0OQHak7MwY-00026-00006396-00006666 operational at the facility several
+V0OQHak7MwY-00027-00006667-00006878 types of sensors were installed at the
+V0OQHak7MwY-00028-00006879-00007098 site to capture strong motion data in
+V0OQHak7MwY-00029-00007098-00007302 this seismically active area but the
+V0OQHak7MwY-00030-00007303-00007499 majority of records from the event were
+V0OQHak7MwY-00031-00007500-00007694 considered unreliable due to faulty
+V0OQHak7MwY-00032-00007695-00008009 equipment or inadequate maintenance only
+V0OQHak7MwY-00033-00008010-00008223 one piece of equipment at the facility
+V0OQHak7MwY-00034-00008224-00008441 provided data by which an estimate of
+V0OQHak7MwY-00035-00008442-00008627 the peak ground acceleration could be
+V0OQHak7MwY-00036-00008628-00009175 made
+V0OQHak7MwY-00037-00009176-00009746 topic tectonic setting
+V0OQHak7MwY-00038-00009747-00010059 near Cape Mendocino the Mendocino triple
+V0OQHak7MwY-00039-00010060-00010274 Junction as an area of active seismicity
+V0OQHak7MwY-00040-00010275-00010485 where three tectonic plates come
+V0OQHak7MwY-00041-00010486-00010776 together the Mendocino fracture zone
+V0OQHak7MwY-00042-00010777-00011010 also known as the Mendocino fault east
+V0OQHak7MwY-00043-00011011-00011208 of the Gorda ridge is a transform fault
+V0OQHak7MwY-00044-00011209-00011438 that separates the Pacific in Gorda
+V0OQHak7MwY-00045-00011439-00011741 plates to the south the relative motion
+V0OQHak7MwY-00046-00011742-00011916 between the Pacific plate and North
+V0OQHak7MwY-00047-00011917-00012110 American plate is accommodated by the
+V0OQHak7MwY-00048-00012111-00012333 San Andreas Fault and to the north the
+V0OQHak7MwY-00049-00012334-00012519 Gorda plate is converging with the North
+V0OQHak7MwY-00050-00012520-00012653 American plate at the Cascadia
+V0OQHak7MwY-00051-00012654-00012971 subduction zone earthquakes within the
+V0OQHak7MwY-00052-00012972-00013113 Gorda plate are the result of
+V0OQHak7MwY-00053-00013113-00013299 north-south compression at the Mendocino
+V0OQHak7MwY-00054-00013300-00013885 fault
+V0OQHak7MwY-00055-00013886-00014410 topic earthquake
+V0OQHak7MwY-00056-00014411-00014668 the left-lateral strike-slip earthquake
+V0OQHak7MwY-00057-00014669-00014896 was the largest to occur in california
+V0OQHak7MwY-00058-00014897-00015181 since the 1952 kern county earthquake
+V0OQHak7MwY-00059-00015182-00015463 the main shock which was described as a
+V0OQHak7MwY-00060-00015463-00015697 multiple rupture with four sub events in
+V0OQHak7MwY-00061-00015697-00015865 the initial 80 seconds and it's
+V0OQHak7MwY-00062-00015866-00016054 aftershocks occurred on a northeast
+V0OQHak7MwY-00063-00016055-00016258 trending fault that extended from near
+V0OQHak7MwY-00064-00016259-00016477 the Mendocino Fault to a point northwest
+V0OQHak7MwY-00065-00016478-00016765 of Eureka movement along the fault as
+V0OQHak7MwY-00066-00016766-00016948 due to a north-south compressional
+V0OQHak7MwY-00067-00016949-00017134 regime and the resulting intraplate
+V0OQHak7MwY-00068-00017135-00017431 deformation of the Gorda plate previous
+V0OQHak7MwY-00069-00017432-00017638 events in this area were the January
+V0OQHak7MwY-00070-00017639-00018031 1922 7.3 mega seconds and the January
+V0OQHak7MwY-00071-00018032-00018406 1923 7.2 mega seconds shocks the
+V0OQHak7MwY-00072-00018407-00018583 earthquake occurred offshore to the
+V0OQHak7MwY-00073-00018584-00018910 northwest of Eureka about 37 miles 60
+V0OQHak7MwY-00074-00018911-00019132 kilometers west of Patrick's Point and
+V0OQHak7MwY-00075-00019133-00019342 had a maximum or Collie intensity of
+V0OQHak7MwY-00076-00019343-00019666 seven very strong some people reported
+V0OQHak7MwY-00077-00019667-00019939 intense shaking that lasted for 15 to 30
+V0OQHak7MwY-00078-00019940-00020260 seconds in the epicentral area items
+V0OQHak7MwY-00079-00020261-00020443 were knocked off shelves and furniture
+V0OQHak7MwY-00080-00020444-00020668 was displaced but damage was considered
+V0OQHak7MwY-00081-00020669-00020962 light the smaller 5.2 megalitres event
+V0OQHak7MwY-00082-00020963-00021265 that occurred in june 1975 caused more
+V0OQHak7MwY-00083-00021266-00021462 damage
+V0OQHak7MwY-00084-00021463-00021802 you
+V0OQHak7MwY-00085-00021803-00022293 topic damage
+V0OQHak7MwY-00086-00022294-00022524 while most of the damage from the Gorda
+V0OQHak7MwY-00087-00022525-00022719 basin earthquake was considered light
+V0OQHak7MwY-00088-00022720-00023010 there were some exceptions in eureka
+V0OQHak7MwY-00089-00023011-00023208 effects included broken windows and
+V0OQHak7MwY-00090-00023209-00023457 dishes fallen chimneys and merchandise
+V0OQHak7MwY-00091-00023458-00023763 that fell from store shelves in fields
+V0OQHak7MwY-00092-00023764-00024009 landing king salmon lolita and big
+V0OQHak7MwY-00093-00024010-00024228 lagoon areas the strongest effects
+V0OQHak7MwY-00094-00024229-00024423 included surface cracks on the ground
+V0OQHak7MwY-00095-00024424-00024708 soil liquefaction small landslides and
+V0OQHak7MwY-00096-00024709-00024924 Rock Falls and numerous slumps along the
+V0OQHak7MwY-00097-00024925-00025230 eel river similar effects occurred along
+V0OQHak7MwY-00098-00025231-00025452 the old coast highway near Trinidad and
+V0OQHak7MwY-00099-00025453-00025656 moonstone where the roadway was reduced
+V0OQHak7MwY-00100-00025657-00025903 to one lane of travel in some areas
+V0OQHak7MwY-00101-00025904-00026120 several homes were knocked off their
+V0OQHak7MwY-00102-00026122-00026319 foundations and a highway overpass
+V0OQHak7MwY-00103-00026320-00026645 collapsed in fields landing seismic wave
+V0OQHak7MwY-00104-00026647-00026927 amplification poor design or inadequate
+V0OQHak7MwY-00105-00026929-00027117 construction style may have contributed
+V0OQHak7MwY-00106-00027118-00027695 to losses there
+V0OQHak7MwY-00107-00027697-00028318 topic Tompkins Hill Road overpass
+V0OQHak7MwY-00108-00028319-00028567 the Tompkins Hill Road overpass is
+V0OQHak7MwY-00109-00028568-00028792 situated just south of fields landing
+V0OQHak7MwY-00110-00028793-00029101 and was built in the late 1960s it
+V0OQHak7MwY-00111-00029102-00029386 suffered slight damage during the 1975
+V0OQHak7MwY-00112-00029387-00029638 earthquake and was due for a retrofit in
+V0OQHak7MwY-00113-00029639-00030004 1981 the overpass was constructed with
+V0OQHak7MwY-00114-00030005-00030208 cement abutments on earth and ramps on
+V0OQHak7MwY-00115-00030208-00030406 either end in a series of concrete
+V0OQHak7MwY-00116-00030407-00030727 support columns in the middle 860 feet
+V0OQHak7MwY-00117-00030727-00030985 20 meters reinforced concrete spans
+V0OQHak7MwY-00118-00030986-00031156 accommodated northbound and southbound
+V0OQHak7MwY-00119-00031157-00031395 lanes of traffic with no anchors
+V0OQHak7MwY-00120-00031397-00031594 connecting the spans with each other or
+V0OQHak7MwY-00121-00031595-00031843 two the abutments at the time of the
+V0OQHak7MwY-00122-00031844-00032074 shock to of the southbound spans came
+V0OQHak7MwY-00123-00032075-00032338 off their support a 6 and 15 centimeters
+V0OQHak7MwY-00124-00032339-00032566 ledge and six people were injured when a
+V0OQHak7MwY-00125-00032567-00032779 Volkswagen Beetle and a small pickup
+V0OQHak7MwY-00126-00032780-00033390 truck plummeted off the bridge
+V0OQHak7MwY-00127-00033391-00033972 topic Humboldt Bay powerplant
+V0OQHak7MwY-00128-00033973-00034248 the Humboldt Bay power plant is located
+V0OQHak7MwY-00129-00034249-00034539 about three miles 4.8 kilometers north
+V0OQHak7MwY-00130-00034540-00034749 of the collapsed highway overpass and
+V0OQHak7MwY-00131-00034750-00034995 operated fossil fuel and nuclear units
+V0OQHak7MwY-00132-00034996-00035400 in the 1960's and 1970's the nuclear
+V0OQHak7MwY-00133-00035401-00035712 unit was canceled in 1976 because of
+V0OQHak7MwY-00134-00035713-00035931 seismic safety concerns but the two
+V0OQHak7MwY-00135-00035932-00036171 fossil fuel units remained in operation
+V0OQHak7MwY-00136-00036172-00036404 the Nuclear Regulatory Commission
+V0OQHak7MwY-00137-00036405-00036648 performed a post event survey of the
+V0OQHak7MwY-00138-00036649-00036918 facility's systems in late 1980 but
+V0OQHak7MwY-00139-00036919-00037155 inspectors found only minor effects to
+V0OQHak7MwY-00140-00037156-00037380 the plant structure piping tanks and
+V0OQHak7MwY-00141-00037381-00037668 other mechanical equipment it was found
+V0OQHak7MwY-00142-00037669-00037863 that the two units were automatically
+V0OQHak7MwY-00143-00037864-00038049 shut down at the time of the shock for
+V0OQHak7MwY-00144-00038050-00038241 various protective concerns and that
+V0OQHak7MwY-00145-00038242-00038445 there were minor cracks in masonry and
+V0OQHak7MwY-00146-00038446-00038676 concrete sheared bolts pipe leaks and
+V0OQHak7MwY-00147-00038677-00038943 slight movement of water tanks the
+V0OQHak7MwY-00148-00038944-00039192 deformation of a reinforced masonry wall
+V0OQHak7MwY-00149-00039193-00039402 that resulted in a variable width gap
+V0OQHak7MwY-00150-00039403-00040074 was the only structural issue
+V0OQHak7MwY-00151-00040075-00040589 topic intensity
+V0OQHak7MwY-00152-00040590-00040856 with an area of perceptibility of more
+V0OQHak7MwY-00153-00040857-00041144 than 97,000 square miles it was felt
+V0OQHak7MwY-00154-00041145-00041357 from the San Francisco Bay Area and the
+V0OQHak7MwY-00155-00041358-00041594 Central Valley to western Nevada and as
+V0OQHak7MwY-00156-00041595-00041830 far as Salem in northern Oregon
+V0OQHak7MwY-00157-00041831-00042128 intensity V strong effects were limited
+V0OQHak7MwY-00158-00042129-00042338 to a narrow coastal zone that included
+V0OQHak7MwY-00159-00042339-00042521 Meyers flat in the south and Brookings
+V0OQHak7MwY-00160-00042522-00042809 Oregon in the North damage at this
+V0OQHak7MwY-00161-00042810-00043046 intensity level included broken plate
+V0OQHak7MwY-00162-00043047-00043310 glass windows cracked walls foundation
+V0OQHak7MwY-00163-00043311-00043526 and chimney damage and significant loss
+V0OQHak7MwY-00164-00043527-00043841 of merchandise in fields Landing two
+V0OQHak7MwY-00165-00043842-00044030 homes that came off their foundations
+V0OQHak7MwY-00166-00044031-00044303 the fallen overpass and broken gas water
+V0OQHak7MwY-00167-00044304-00044519 and sewer lines were associated with
+V0OQHak7MwY-00168-00044520-00045262 intensity seven very strong shaking
+V0OQHak7MwY-00169-00045263-00045805 topic strong motion
+V0OQHak7MwY-00170-00045806-00046063 Pacific Gas and Electric initially
+V0OQHak7MwY-00171-00046064-00046279 reported that peak ground accelerations
+V0OQHak7MwY-00172-00046280-00046585 in the range of 0.1 6 2.4 grams were
+V0OQHak7MwY-00173-00046586-00046777 recorded on the floor of the refueling
+V0OQHak7MwY-00174-00046778-00046951 building on the plant strong motion
+V0OQHak7MwY-00175-00046952-00047287 instruments accelerometers low voltage
+V0OQHak7MwY-00176-00047288-00047497 from a faulty power supply left the
+V0OQHak7MwY-00177-00047498-00047677 instruments in a condition that was
+V0OQHak7MwY-00178-00047678-00047836 functional but the records were not
+V0OQHak7MwY-00179-00047837-00048187 considered reliable 3 Tara Technology
+V0OQHak7MwY-00180-00048188-00048406 film recorders were also in use as a
+V0OQHak7MwY-00181-00048407-00048631 backup system but these instruments also
+V0OQHak7MwY-00182-00048632-00048844 did not produce any usable records
+V0OQHak7MwY-00183-00048845-00049027 because lack of maintenance had allowed
+V0OQHak7MwY-00184-00049028-00049354 dirt and grit to get inside only records
+V0OQHak7MwY-00185-00049355-00049552 from one instrument in Inked Hall peak
+V0OQHak7MwY-00186-00049553-00049741 shock recorder was believed to be
+V0OQHak7MwY-00187-00049742-00049930 operating correctly and with a close
+V0OQHak7MwY-00188-00049931-00050161 examination of the energy dispersed at
+V0OQHak7MwY-00189-00050162-00050505 various frequencies an estimate of 0.15
+V0OQHak7MwY-00190-00050506-00050791 25 grams was given for the event at that
+V0OQHak7MwY-00191-00050792-00051046 location
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00000-00000003-00001100 my love for hockey what's up guys how
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00001-00001101-00001450 you guys doing today so today guys don't
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00002-00001451-00001768 be afraid to be different have some fun
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00003-00001769-00002384 and be yourself guys but I am here to
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00004-00002385-00002917 talk to you guys about today is my love
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00005-00002918-00003253 for hockey but before we get started
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00006-00003254-00003769 into that my Newfoundland trip 2018
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00007-00003770-00004033 hopefully it'll be going up Sunday
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00008-00004034-00004870 because tomorrow's video is a skit so so
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00009-00004871-00005299 hopefully my trip will be on the Sunday
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00010-00005300-00005615 I'm hoping for that but I'm not sure
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00011-00005616-00005936 because I still have to fix it and get
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00012-00005937-00006158 it up and all of that stuff but
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00013-00006159-00006517 currently when I am recording this I
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00014-00006518-00007256 currently have 1780 Tube subscribers we
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00015-00007256-00007763 are 18 subscribers away from 1.8
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00016-00007764-00008114 thousand subscribers that is crazy
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00017-00008115-00008296 because I looked at my social blade
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00018-00008297-00008699 right now and we have grown a lot at
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00019-00008700-00009235 night the month of August and like you
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00020-00009236-00009545 know I we've grown in the summer so much
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00021-00009546-00010220 cuz I looked at it in April we hit a on
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00022-00010221-00010678 April 21st we hit 1000 subscribers
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00023-00010679-00011117 because I posted the video on April 22nd
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00024-00011118-00011284 and it is currently
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00025-00011285-00011635 august's the oh I don't know what day it
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00026-00011636-00012359 is it might be the 16th or the 17th I'm
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00027-00012360-00012542 not sure honestly what day it is right
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00028-00012543-00012915 now but yeah so
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00029-00012916-00013260 we have grown a lot since then we have
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00030-00013261-00013626 almost grown 800 subscribers in the
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00031-00013627-00014076 summer which is that's really really
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00032-00014077-00014416 crazy and I I just can't believe that
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00033-00014418-00015013 because at one point last summer we hit
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00034-00015015-00015497 600 subscribers and then we like gained
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00035-00015499-00016322 about 50 subscribers and I'd say like 7
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00036-00016324-00016449 months or something like that
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00037-00016450-00016758 it was crazy because we didn't we only
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00038-00016759-00017031 got like 50 subscribers in 7 months and
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00039-00017032-00017349 now here I'm sitting in the summer which
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00040-00017350-00017715 is like April to August is like a four
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00041-00017716-00018120 month span and that's really really
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00042-00018121-00018443 crazy that we've almost got over like
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00043-00018444-00018981 800 subscribers in the summer yeah so it
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00044-00018982-00019200 is crazy that we were growing now and
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00045-00019201-00019491 I'm really happy because I love posting
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00046-00019492-00019728 videos but if I can get an audience to
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00047-00019729-00020045 watch them that's even better for me and
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00048-00020046-00020550 yeah so like I hope we can hit two
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00049-00020551-00020967 hundred or two thousand subscribers by
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00050-00020968-00021252 the end of the summer and by the end of
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00051-00021253-00021537 time I have to go back to school because
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00052-00021538-00021810 that would be a nice goal for me that
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00053-00021811-00022062 this summer was very very successful
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00054-00022063-00022400 because I almost posted every single day
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00055-00022401-00022857 I missed about a week in two days of
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00056-00022858-00023280 posting I think I'd say about a week and
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00057-00023281-00023694 a couple of maybe close to two weeks one
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00058-00023695-00024261 of them was because I was on my like a
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00059-00024262-00024480 cottage trip which was the Lake
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00060-00024481-00024738 koochiching trip which was I was gone
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00061-00024739-00025131 for four days without Wi-Fi but luckily
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00062-00025132-00025377 I posted on the Wednesday that we were
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00063-00025378-00025535 leaving and the
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00064-00025536-00025783 Saturday that we came back so I only had
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00065-00025785-00026044 to miss two days there and then in
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00066-00026045-00026467 Newfoundland I had to miss a whole week
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00067-00026468-00026741 because when we went there first we went
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00068-00026742-00026918 to northern Bay where there was
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00069-00026919-00027269 absolutely no Wi-Fi whatsoever but if
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00070-00027270-00027554 you got it like when my Newfoundland
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00071-00027555-00027899 trip 20:18 video comes out you will see
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00072-00027900-00028292 how beautiful it is and yeah but and
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00073-00028293-00028689 then I came back to st. John's and I
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00074-00028691-00029273 posted videos that I pre-recorded and so
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00075-00029274-00029527 yeah so I pre-recorded videos so that I
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00076-00029529-00029752 could post for you guys and we were
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00077-00029754-00030083 growing in subscribers so so that makes
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00078-00030083-00030374 me happy that I posted those videos but
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00079-00030375-00030715 yeah so let's get straight into why I
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00080-00030716-00031164 love hockey so it all started back in
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00081-00031166-00031699 2009 my nanny she's from Newfoundland
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00082-00031700-00032045 and that's why like a main part that's
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00083-00032045-00032239 why we visited new that's why we visit
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00084-00032241-00032423 new feel and every year to see family
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00085-00032424-00032732 and to visit my nanny so she'd always
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00086-00032733-00032948 come up in the winters and spend time
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00087-00032949-00033284 with us ever since like we've been
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00088-00033285-00033731 little and yeah so she introduced me to
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00089-00033732-00034232 hockey in 2009 and she has three boys
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00090-00034233-00034550 well now they're my uncles and when they
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00091-00034551-00034808 were growing up they loved hockey they
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00092-00034809-00035159 built a like hockey rink
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00093-00035160-00035414 are like the side of their house just to
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00094-00035415-00035783 play hockey there and so she loved
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00095-00035784-00036364 hockey as well and yeah so back in 2009
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00096-00036365-00036686 she introduced me to hawk she introduced
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00097-00036687-00036946 me to the Pittsburgh Penguins and that's
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00098-00036947-00037139 why I love the Pittsburgh Penguins to
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00099-00037140-00037457 this day and they actually won the
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00100-00037458-00037724 Stanley Cup that year and I went to when
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00101-00037725-00037886 we went to Newfoundland this year she's
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00102-00037887-00038090 still remembered that she still loves
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00103-00038091-00038276 the Pittsburgh Penguins and that I love
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00104-00038277-00038594 the Pittsburgh Penguins with her and
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00105-00038595-00038792 yeah so
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00106-00038793-00039101 she introduced me to hockey and she
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00107-00039102-00039362 would write so I wasn't able to stay up
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00108-00039363-00039800 because I was only like seven at that
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00109-00039801-00040055 time six or seven
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00110-00040056-00040256 it was prob I was probably six turning
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00111-00040257-00040688 seven though back in those days and she
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00112-00040689-00040874 she would always write me these letters
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00113-00040875-00041033 when she would be here
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00114-00041034-00041402 and they would be these letters of like
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00115-00041403-00041663 what happened in the game and all that
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00116-00041664-00041978 stuff so I wake up to these letters on
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00117-00041979-00042497 my like my desk or like my my Bureau and
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00118-00042498-00042668 it would just be talking about the game
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00119-00042669-00042875 and all it was really really fun because
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00120-00042876-00043186 I got to like and we still had these I
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00121-00043187-00043457 believe my mom has these I don't have
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00122-00043458-00043760 these but it was really really cool
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00123-00043761-00044006 because she introduced me to hockey and
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00124-00044007-00044402 I love hockey and like I don't know
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00125-00044403-00044684 she's just been a big part of me like
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00126-00044685-00045095 loving hockey and she's like I don't
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00127-00045096-00045320 know like she introduced me to hockey
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00128-00045321-00045518 but yeah so she would write these
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00129-00045519-00045931 letters every single time that the
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00130-00045932-00046241 Penguins played a game I believe or yeah
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00131-00046242-00046406 every single time the Penguins played a
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00132-00046407-00046721 game she would write it like the day and
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00133-00046722-00046859 like what happened
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00134-00046860-00047120 say like Crosby scored a goal she would
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00135-00047121-00047285 write that down she'd write down who
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00136-00047286-00047561 does cooler goal scorers were what the
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00137-00047562-00047852 outcome of the game was and like like I
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00138-00047853-00048106 said I just wake up read the letter and
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00139-00048107-00048560 it was just really really cool and she
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00140-00048561-00048836 did this for a long long time because
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00141-00048837-00049067 she would spend the winters with us and
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00142-00049068-00049232 then she'd go back to Newfoundland and
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00143-00049233-00049610 spend the summers there there so she did
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00144-00049611-00049883 that for such a long time and it was
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00145-00049884-00050111 just really cool getting those messages
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00146-00050112-00050491 every day just waking up to that and
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00147-00050492-00050819 yeah so I love the Pittsburgh Penguins
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00148-00050820-00051229 every ever since 2009 I have so many
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00149-00051230-00051560 Pittsburgh Penguins stuff in my room I
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00150-00051561-00051635 have
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00151-00051636-00051916 so many stuff in front of me on like the
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00152-00051917-00052279 side of me and like I have like the logo
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00153-00052280-00052651 I have like the jerseys the hats and I
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00154-00052652-00052985 even got to meet Sidney Crosby which was
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00155-00052986-00053347 a really really cool experience so I
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00156-00053348-00053623 went to I've been to to Pittsburgh
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00157-00053624-00053897 Penguins games won against the New
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00158-00053898-00054272 Jersey Devils which they won I believe
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00159-00054273-00054547 and the second one was against the
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00160-00054548-00054694 Boston Bruins
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00161-00054695-00055190 and so I met Sidney Crosby at the Boston
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00162-00055191-00055726 Bruins game and so my mom she knows that
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00163-00055727-00056017 I'm a huge Sidney Crosby fan so she told
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00164-00056018-00056281 the security guard because only
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00165-00056282-00056467 apparently not a lot of people get to
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00166-00056468-00056656 meet Sidney Crosby so she told the
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00167-00056657-00056857 security guard that I'm a huge ticket
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00168-00056858-00057235 like a big Sidney Crosby fan and Jon
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00169-00057236-00057523 wasn't allowed to go up so I went up and
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00170-00057524-00057799 I got to meet him and I had the 2008
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00171-00057800-00058103 Jersey on and he said oh I remember that
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00172-00058104-00058486 and because they lost that year to the
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00173-00058487-00058744 Detroit Redwings Red Wings and then the
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00174-00058745-00058981 next year they won the Stanley Cup
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00175-00058982-00059365 against the Detroit Red Wings and so
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00176-00059366-00059540 yeah it was just a really really cool
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00177-00059541-00059974 experience and like I don't know I still
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00178-00059975-00060301 love hockey to this day I've always been
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00179-00060302-00060631 a Pittsburgh Penguins fan and I have
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00180-00060632-00060935 been alive to see the Pittsburgh
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00181-00060936-00061216 Penguins win three Stanley Cups so that
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00182-00061217-00061348 is really really good
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00183-00061349-00061861 but yeah so my nanny is like a like she
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00184-00061862-00062197 got me into like loving hockey and I am
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00185-00062198-00062453 thankful for that because I love hockey
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00186-00062454-00062803 and it's just a big part of me because I
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00187-00062804-00063031 love going into the driveway and just
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00188-00063032-00063301 shooting the ball around and like doing
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00189-00063302-00063697 geeks and all that stuff but yeah so I
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00190-00063698-00063971 do think that's gonna have to end off
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00191-00063972-00064324 today's video so if you like to watch
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00192-00064325-00064588 another video guys be subscribed to my
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00193-00064589-00064810 youtube channel turn on my post
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00194-00064811-00064940 notification
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00195-00064941-00065669 and smash that like button smash stitch
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00196-00065670-00066104 how much - peace out I will see you guys
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00197-00066105-00068451 in tomorrow's video outside outside
+V0Wnd2HGW3u-00198-00068452-00068736 outside
+V2JLa_WBh6o-00000-00000000-00000309 foreign
+V2JLa_WBh6o-00001-00000310-00002045 [Music]
+V2JLa_WBh6o-00002-00002046-00002949 [Music]
+V2JLa_WBh6o-00003-00002950-00004961 [Music]
+V2JLa_WBh6o-00004-00004962-00005109 foreign
+V2JLa_WBh6o-00005-00005110-00008045 [Music]
+V2JLa_WBh6o-00006-00008045-00008949 [Music]
+V2JLa_WBh6o-00007-00008950-00010960 [Music]
+V2JLa_WBh6o-00008-00010961-00011109 foreign
+V2JLa_WBh6o-00009-00011110-00014044 [Music]
+V2JLa_WBh6o-00010-00014046-00014949 [Music]
+V2JLa_WBh6o-00011-00014950-00017109 [Music]
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00000-00000013-00000280 the Battle of Fredericksburg was fought
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00001-00000281-00000636 December 11 to 15 1862 in and around
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00002-00000637-00000847 Fredericksburg Virginia in the Eastern
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00003-00000848-00001105 theater of the American Civil War the
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00004-00001106-00001288 combat between the Union Army of the
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00005-00001289-00001456 Potomac commanded by Major General
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00006-00001457-00001696 Ambrose Burnside and the Confederate
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00007-00001697-00001909 Army of Northern Virginia under general
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00008-00001910-00002101 robert e lee was part of the Union
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00009-00002102-00002275 Army's futile frontal attacks on
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00010-00002276-00002458 December 13th against entrenched
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00011-00002459-00002617 Confederate defenders on the heights
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00012-00002618-00002869 behind the city it is remembered as one
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00013-00002870-00003082 of the most one-sided battles of the war
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00014-00003083-00003289 with Union casualties more than three
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00015-00003290-00003460 times as heavy as those suffered by the
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00016-00003461-00003685 Confederates a visitor to the
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00017-00003686-00003901 battlefield described the battle to u.s.
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00018-00003902-00004172 President Abraham Lincoln as a butchery
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00019-00004173-00004393 Burnside's plan was to cross the
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00020-00004394-00004579 Rappahannock River at Fredericksburg in
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00021-00004580-00004777 mid-november and race to the Confederate
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00022-00004778-00004984 capital of Richmond before Lee's army
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00023-00004985-00005091 could stop him
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00024-00005092-00005338 bureaucratic delays prevented Burnside
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00025-00005339-00005533 from receiving the necessary pontoon
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00026-00005534-00005743 bridges in time and Lee moved his army
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00027-00005744-00005988 to block the crossings when the Union
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00028-00005989-00006163 Army was finally able to build its
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00029-00006164-00006379 bridges and cross under fire direct
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00030-00006380-00006573 combat within the city resulted on
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00031-00006574-00006909 December 11 to 12 Union troops prepared
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00032-00006910-00007092 to assault Confederate defensive
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00033-00007093-00007266 positions south of the city and on a
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00034-00007267-00007483 strongly fortified ridge just west of
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00035-00007484-00007712 the city known as Mary's Heights on
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00036-00007713-00008094 December 13th the grand division of Maj
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00037-00008095-00008344 Gen William B Franklin was able to
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00038-00008345-00008520 pierce the first defensive line of
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00039-00008521-00008721 Confederate lieutenant general Stonewall
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00040-00008722-00008901 Jackson to the south but was finally
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00041-00008902-00009189 repulsed Burnside ordered the grand
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00042-00009190-00009505 divisions of Maj gens Edwin V Sumner and
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00043-00009506-00009705 Joseph Hooker to make multiple frontal
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00044-00009706-00009963 assaults against lieutenant Gen James
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00045-00009964-00010149 long streets positioned on Mary's
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00046-00010150-00010314 Heights all of which were repulsed with
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00047-00010315-00010662 heavy losses on December 15th Burnside
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00048-00010663-00010873 withdrew his army ending another failed
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00049-00010874-00011571 Union campaign in the Eastern theater
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00050-00011572-00012076 topic background
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00051-00012077-00012417 you
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00052-00012418-00012994 topic military situation
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00053-00012995-00013306 in November 1862 Lincoln needed to
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00054-00013307-00013502 demonstrate the success of the Union war
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00055-00013503-00013691 effort before the northern public lost
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00056-00013691-00013897 confidence in his administration
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00057-00013897-00014122 Confederate armies had been on the move
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00058-00014123-00014344 earlier in the fall invading Kentucky
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00059-00014345-00014497 and Maryland and although each had been
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00060-00014498-00014713 turned back those armies remained intact
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00061-00014715-00014895 and capable of further action
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00062-00014896-00015278 Lincoln urged Maj Gen Ulysses s grant to
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00063-00015279-00015428 advance against the Confederate
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00064-00015429-00015712 stronghold of Vicksburg Mississippi he
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00065-00015713-00016003 replaced Maj Gen Don Carlos Buell with
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00066-00016004-00016361 Maj Gen William s Rosecrans hoping for a
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00067-00016362-00016531 more aggressive posture against the
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00068-00016532-00016700 Confederates in Tennessee and on
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00069-00016701-00016909 November 5th seeing that his replacement
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00070-00016910-00017209 of Buell had not stimulated Maj General
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00071-00017210-00017447 George B McClellan into action he issued
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00072-00017448-00017647 orders to replace McClellan in command
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00073-00017648-00017869 of the Army of the Potomac in Virginia
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00074-00017870-00018122 McClellan had stopped robert e lee at
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00075-00018123-00018319 the Battle of Antietam in Maryland but
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00076-00018320-00018524 had not been able to destroy Lee's army
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00077-00018525-00018711 nor did he pursue Lee back into Virginia
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00078-00018712-00018899 aggressively enough for Lincoln
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00079-00018900-00019183 McClellan's replacement was Maj Gen
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00080-00019184-00019444 Ambrose e Burnside the commander of the
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00081-00019445-00019690 9th Corps Burnside had established a
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00082-00019691-00019903 reputation as an independent commander
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00083-00019904-00020119 with successful operations earlier that
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00084-00020120-00020318 year in coastal North Carolina and
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00085-00020319-00020509 unlike McClellan had no apparent
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00086-00020510-00020789 political ambitions however he felt
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00087-00020790-00020980 himself unqualified for army level
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00088-00020981-00021161 command and objected when offered the
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00089-00021162-00021425 position he accepted only when it was
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00090-00021426-00021596 made clear to him that McClellan would
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00091-00021597-00021775 be replaced in any event and that an
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00092-00021776-00021999 alternative choice for command was Maj
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00093-00022000-00022261 General Joseph Hooker whom Burnside
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00094-00022262-00022534 disliked and distrusted Burnside assumed
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00095-00022535-00022800 command on November 7th
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00096-00022801-00023069 topic Burnside's plan in response to
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00097-00023070-00023178 prodding from Lincoln and
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00098-00023179-00023499 general-in-chief Maj Gen Henry W Halleck
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00099-00023500-00023753 Burnside planned a late fall offensive
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00100-00023754-00023955 he communicated his plan to Hallock on
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00101-00023956-00024225 November 9th the plan relied on quick
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00102-00024226-00024402 movement and deception he would
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00103-00024403-00024578 concentrate his army in a visible
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00104-00024579-00024755 fashion near Warrenton feigning a
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00105-00024756-00024972 movement on Culpepper Courthouse Orange
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00106-00024973-00025247 courthouse or Gordonsville then he would
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00107-00025248-00025467 rapidly shift his army south east and
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00108-00025468-00025614 crossed the Rappahannock River to
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00109-00025614-00025830 Fredericksburg hoping that robert e lee
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00110-00025831-00026043 would sit still unclear as to Burnside's
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00111-00026044-00026240 intentions while the Union Army made a
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00112-00026241-00026442 rapid movement against Richmond south
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00113-00026443-00026618 along the Richmond Fredericksburg and
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00114-00026619-00026839 Potomac railroad from Fredericksburg
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00115-00026841-00027089 Burnside selected this plan because he
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00116-00027091-00027243 was concerned that if he were to move
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00117-00027244-00027435 directly south from Warrenton he would
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00118-00027436-00027624 be exposed to a flanking attack from
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00119-00027625-00027885 Lieutenant Gen Thomas J Stonewall
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00120-00027886-00028121 Jackson whose Corps was at that time in
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00121-00028122-00028262 the Shenandoah Valley south of
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00122-00028263-00028518 Winchester he also believed that the
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00123-00028519-00028725 orange and Alexandria railroad would be
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00124-00028726-00028926 an inadequate supply line Burnside was
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00125-00028927-00029177 also influenced by plans McClellan began
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00126-00029178-00029381 developing just prior to being relieved
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00127-00029382-00029627 aware that Lee had blocked the ona
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00128-00029628-00029805 McClellan considered a route through
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00129-00029806-00030008 Fredericksburg and ordered a small group
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00130-00030009-00030206 of cavalry men commanded by capped
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00131-00030207-00030450 Ulrich Dahlgren to investigate the
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00132-00030451-00030642 condition of the are F and P while
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00133-00030643-00030861 Burnside began assembling a supply base
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00134-00030862-00031052 at Falmouth near Fredericksburg the
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00135-00031053-00031233 Lincoln administration entertained a
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00136-00031233-00031404 lengthy debate about the wisdom of his
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00137-00031405-00031589 plan which differed from the president's
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00138-00031591-00031745 preference of a movement south on the
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00139-00031747-00031986 ona in a direct confrontation with Lee's
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00140-00031987-00032183 army instead of the movement focused on
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00141-00032184-00032448 the city of Richmond Lincoln reluctantly
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00142-00032449-00032690 approved the plan on November 14th but
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00143-00032691-00032871 cautioned his general to move with great
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00144-00032872-00032921 speed
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00145-00032922-00033105 certainly doubting that Lee would react
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00146-00033106-00033413 as Burnside anticipated
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00147-00033414-00033668 topic movement to battle the Union Army
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00148-00033669-00033893 began marching on November 15th and the
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00149-00033894-00034067 first elements arrived in Falmouth on
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00150-00034068-00034207 November 17th
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00151-00034208-00034487 Burnside's plan quickly went awry he had
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00152-00034488-00034682 ordered pontoon bridges to be sent to
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00153-00034683-00034850 the front and assembled for his quick
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00154-00034851-00035042 crossing of the Rappahannock but because
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00155-00035043-00035240 of administrative bungling the bridges
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00156-00035241-00035522 did not arrive on time Burnside first
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00157-00035523-00035732 requisitioned the pontoon bridging along
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00158-00035733-00035924 with many other provisions on November
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00159-00035925-00036131 7th when he detailed his plan to Hallock
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00160-00036132-00036377 the plan was sent to the attention of
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00161-00036378-00036632 Brig General George Washington column
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00162-00036633-00036812 the chief of staff in Washington
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00163-00036813-00037085 received on November 9th plans called
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00164-00037086-00037277 for both riverine and overland movement
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00165-00037278-00037474 of the pontoon trains to Falmouth on
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00166-00037475-00037796 November 14 the 50th New York engineers
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00167-00037797-00038000 reported the pontoons were ready to move
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00168-00038001-00038264 except for a lack of the 270 horses
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00169-00038265-00038522 needed to move them unknown to Burnside
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00170-00038523-00038705 most of the bridging was still on the
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00171-00038706-00038960 upper Potomac communications between
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00172-00038961-00039263 Burnside staff engineer Cyrus B Comstock
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00173-00039264-00039431 and the engineer brigade commander
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00174-00039432-00039683 Daniel P Woodbury indicate that Burnside
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00175-00039684-00039866 had assumed the bridging was on route to
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00176-00039867-00040049 Washington based on orders given on
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00177-00040050-00040427 November 6 as Maj Gen Edwin V Sumner
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00178-00040428-00040640 arrived he strongly urged an immediate
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00179-00040641-00040808 crossing of the river to scatter the
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00180-00040809-00041051 token Confederate force of 500 men in
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00181-00041052-00041231 the town and occupying the commanding
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00182-00041232-00041498 heights to the West Burnside became
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00183-00041499-00041693 anxious concerned that the increasing
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00184-00041694-00041888 autumn rains would make the 14 points
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00185-00041889-00042083 unusable and that Sumner might be cut
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00186-00042084-00042287 off and destroyed or during Sumner to
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00187-00042288-00042434 wait in Falmouth Lee at first
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00188-00042435-00042653 anticipated that Burnside would beat him
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00189-00042654-00042812 across the Rappahannock and that to
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00190-00042813-00042971 protect Richmond he would assume the
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00191-00042972-00043157 next defensible position to the south
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00192-00043158-00043415 the north and a river but when he saw
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00193-00043416-00043601 how slowly Burnside was moving and
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00194-00043602-00043781 Confederate President Jefferson Davis
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00195-00043782-00044012 expressed reservations about planning
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00196-00044013-00044204 for a battle so close to Richmond he
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00197-00044205-00044357 directed all of his army toward
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00198-00044358-00044684 Fredericksburg by November 23rd all of
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00199-00044685-00044879 Longstreet's Corps had arrived and Lee
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00200-00044880-00045062 placed them on the ridge known as Mary's
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00201-00045063-00045224 heights to the west of town with
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00202-00045225-00045401 Anderson's division on the far left
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00203-00045402-00045623 McLaws is directly behind the town and
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00204-00045624-00045881 pickets and hoods to the right he sent
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00205-00045882-00046115 for Jackson on November 26th but his
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00206-00046116-00046271 second Corps commander had anticipated
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00207-00046272-00046499 the need and began forced marching his
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00208-00046500-00046783 troops from Winchester on November 22nd
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00209-00046784-00047089 as many as 20 miles a day Jackson
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00210-00047090-00047251 arrived at Lee's headquarters on
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00211-00047252-00047467 November 29th and his divisions were
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00212-00047468-00047677 deployed to prevent Burnside crossing
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00213-00047678-00047899 downstream from Fredericksburg d/h Hills
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00214-00047900-00048148 division moved to Port Royal 18 miles
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00215-00048149-00048238 downriver
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00216-00048239-00048476 Early's 12 miles downriver at sking kurz
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00217-00048477-00048793 neck AP hills at Thomas yer B's house
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00218-00048794-00049054 Belvoir about six miles southeast of
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00219-00049055-00049291 town and Tahlia Pharaohs along the rfmp
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00220-00049292-00049510 railroad four miles south at guinea
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00221-00049511-00049702 station the boats and equipment for a
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00222-00049703-00049879 single pontoon bridge arrived at
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00223-00049880-00050113 Falmouth on November 25th much too late
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00224-00050114-00050287 to enable the Army of the Potomac to
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00225-00050288-00050485 cross the river without opposition
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00226-00050486-00050686 Burnside still had an opportunity
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00227-00050687-00050944 however because by then he was facing
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00228-00050945-00051169 only half of Lee's army not yet dug in
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00229-00051170-00051349 and if he acted quickly he might have
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00230-00051350-00051508 been able to attack Longstreet and
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00231-00051509-00051787 defeat him before Jackson arrived once
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00232-00051788-00052033 again he squandered his opportunity the
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00233-00052034-00052231 full complement of bridges arrived at
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00234-00052232-00052373 the end of the month but by this time
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00235-00052374-00052606 Jackson was present and Longstreet was
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00236-00052607-00052823 preparing strong defenses Burnside
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00237-00052824-00053005 originally planned to cross his army
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00238-00053006-00053179 east of Fredericksburg at sking kurz
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00239-00053180-00053384 neck but an advance movement by federal
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00240-00053385-00053593 gunboats to their was fired upon and
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00241-00053594-00053798 drew Early's and D H Hill's divisions
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00242-00053799-00053996 into that area a movement spotted by
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00243-00053997-00054278 Union balloon observers now assuming
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00244-00054279-00054454 that Lee had anticipated his plan
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00245-00054455-00054653 Burnside guessed that the Confederates
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00246-00054654-00054817 had weakened their left and centered to
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00247-00054818-00055075 concentrate against him on the right so
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00248-00055076-00055243 he decided to cross directly at
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00249-00055244-00055456 Fredericksburg on December 9th
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00250-00055457-00055634 he wrote to Hallock I think now the
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00251-00055635-00055837 enemy will be more surprised by a
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00252-00055838-00056066 crossing immediately in our front than
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00253-00056066-00056371 any other part of the river I'm
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00254-00056372-00056609 convinced that a large force of the
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00255-00056610-00056828 enemy is now concentrated at Port Royal
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00256-00056829-00057112 its left resting on Fredericksburg which
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00257-00057113-00057404 we hope to turn in addition to his
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00258-00057404-00057584 numerical advantage in troop strength
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00259-00057585-00057797 Burnside also had the advantage of
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00260-00057798-00057943 knowing his army could not be attacked
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00261-00057944-00058207 effectively on the other side of the
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00262-00058208-00058480 Rappahannock 220 artillery pieces had
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00263-00058481-00058637 been located on the ridge known as
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00264-00058638-00058790 stafford heights to prevent lee's army
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00265-00058791-00059521 from mounting any major counter-attacks
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00266-00059522-00060075 topic opposing forces
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00267-00060076-00060417 you
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00268-00060418-00060900 topic union
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00269-00060901-00061137 Burnside organized his army of the
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00270-00061138-00061329 potomac into three so-called grande
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00271-00061329-00061562 divisions organizations that included
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00272-00061563-00061768 infantry corps cavalry and artillery
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00273-00061769-00062172 comprising 120,000 men of whom 114
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00274-00062173-00062349 thousand would be engaged in the coming
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00275-00062350-00062598 battle the right brawn division
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00276-00062599-00062980 commanded by Maj General Edwin V bull
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00277-00062982-00063249 Sumner consisted of the second Corps of
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00278-00063250-00063542 Maj Gen Darius and couch divisions of
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00279-00063544-00063897 brig gens Winfield s Hancock Oliver o
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00280-00063898-00064112 Howard and William H French and the 9th
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00281-00064113-00064440 corps of Brig general Orlando B Wilcox
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00282-00064441-00064781 divisions of brig gens William W burns
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00283-00064782-00065107 Samuel D Sturgis and George W Getty a
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00284-00065108-00065393 cavalry division under Brig general
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00285-00065394-00065675 Alfred Pleasonton was attached the
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00286-00065676-00065888 center grande division commanded by Maj
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00287-00065889-00066176 Gen Joseph Hooker consisted of the 3rd
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00288-00066177-00066425 Corps of Brig General George Stoneman
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00289-00066426-00066725 divisions of brig gens David B Burnie
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00290-00066726-00067007 Daniel E sickles and Omni LW Whipple and
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00291-00067008-00067138 the fifth Corps of Brig
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00292-00067139-00067404 General Daniel Butterfield divisions of
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00293-00067405-00067718 brig gens Charles Griffin George Sykes
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00294-00067719-00067994 and Andrew a Humphreys a Cavalry Brigade
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00295-00067995-00068322 under Brig Gen William W Averell was
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00296-00068323-00068604 attached the left grande division
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00297-00068605-00068887 commanded by Maj Gen William B Franklin
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00298-00068888-00069149 consisted of the 1st Corps of Maj Gen
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00299-00069150-00069497 John F Reynolds divisions of brig gens
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00300-00069498-00069774 Abner Doubleday and John Gibbon and Maj
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00301-00069775-00070068 Gen George G Meade and the 6th Corps of
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00302-00070069-00070524 Maj Gen William F Baldy Smith divisions
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00303-00070525-00070907 of brig gens William th Brooks Albion P
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00304-00070908-00071184 Howe and John Newton a Cavalry Brigade
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00305-00071185-00071456 commanded by Brig general George D
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00306-00071457-00071718 Bayard was attached the reserve
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00307-00071719-00072009 commanded by Maj general Franz Sigel of
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00308-00072010-00072182 the 11th Corps was in the area of
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00309-00072183-00072494 Fairfax courthouse the 12th Corps under
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00310-00072495-00072810 Maj General Henry W Slocum was called
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00311-00072811-00072993 from Harpers Ferry to Dumfries Virginia
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00312-00072994-00073242 to join the reserve force on December
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00313-00073243-00073374 9th but none of these troops
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00314-00073375-00074003 participated in the battle
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00315-00074004-00074675 topic confederate robert e lee's Army of
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00316-00074676-00074873 Northern Virginia had nearly seventy
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00317-00074874-00075062 nine thousand men with seventy two
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00318-00075063-00075308 thousand five hundred engaged his
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00319-00075309-00075518 organization of the Army in Corps was
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00320-00075519-00075698 approved by an act of the Confederate
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00321-00075699-00075983 Congress on November 6th 1862 and
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00322-00075984-00076232 consisted of the first Corps of
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00323-00076233-00076538 lieutenant gen James Longstreet included
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00324-00076539-00076826 the divisions of Maj gens Lafayette
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00325-00076827-00077120 McLaws Richard H Anderson Georgy Pickett
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00326-00077121-00077399 and John Bell hood and brick general
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00327-00077400-00077732 robert ransom jr. the second Corps of
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00328-00077733-00078052 lieutenant gen Thomas J Stonewall
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00329-00078053-00078296 Jackson included the divisions of Maj
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00330-00078297-00078784 gens D H Hill and ap Hill and brig gens
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00331-00078785-00079129 Jubilees early and William B Taliaferro
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00332-00079130-00079472 reserve artillery under Brig Gen William
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00333-00079473-00079805 and Pendleton the cavalry division under
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00334-00079806-00080204 Maj Gen je B Stewart the two armies at
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00335-00080205-00080405 Fredericksburg represented the largest
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00336-00080406-00080609 number of armed men that ever confronted
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00337-00080610-00080789 each other for combat during the Civil
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00338-00080790-00081324 War
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00339-00081325-00081802 topic battle
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00340-00081803-00082141 you
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00341-00082142-00082475 topic crossing the Rappahannock December
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00342-00082476-00082882 11 to 12
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00343-00082883-00083168 Union engineers began to assemble six
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00344-00083169-00083401 pontoon bridges before dawn on December
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00345-00083402-00083456 11th
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00346-00083457-00083663 - just north of the town center a third
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00347-00083664-00083837 on the southern end of town and three
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00348-00083838-00084023 farther south near the confluence of the
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00349-00084024-00084287 Rappahannock and deep run the engineers
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00350-00084288-00084479 constructing the bridge directly across
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00351-00084480-00084676 from the city came under punishing fire
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00352-00084677-00084896 from Confederate sharpshooters primarily
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00353-00084897-00085135 from the Mississippi brigade of Brig Gen
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00354-00085136-00085432 William Barksdale in command of the town
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00355-00085433-00085706 defense's Union artillery attempted to
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00356-00085707-00085876 dislodge the sharpshooters but their
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00357-00085877-00086048 positions in the cellars of houses
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00358-00086049-00086306 rendered the fire from 150 guns mostly
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00359-00086307-00086567 ineffective eventually Burnside's
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00360-00086568-00086870 artillery commander Brig general Henry J
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00361-00086871-00087056 hunt convinced him to send infantry
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00362-00087057-00087230 landing parties over in the pontoon
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00363-00087231-00087419 boats to secure a small bridgehead and
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00364-00087420-00087710 route the sharpshooters Colonel Norman J
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00365-00087711-00087893 Hall volunteered his Brigade for this
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00366-00087894-00088124 assignment Burnside suddenly turned
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00367-00088125-00088334 reluctant lamenting to halt in front of
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00368-00088335-00088550 his men that the effort meant death to
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00369-00088551-00088732 most of those who should undertake the
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00370-00088733-00089032 voyage when his men responded to Hall's
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00371-00089033-00089231 request with three cheers Burnside
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00372-00089232-00089501 relented at 3:00 p.m. the Union
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00373-00089502-00089669 artillery began a preparatory
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00374-00089670-00089981 bombardment and 135 infantryman from the
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00375-00089982-00090143 7th Michigan and the nineteenth
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00376-00090144-00090335 massachusetts crowded into the small
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00377-00090336-00090539 boats and the 20th massachusetts
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00378-00090540-00090757 followed soon after they crossed
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00379-00090758-00090929 successfully and spread out in a
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00380-00090930-00091123 skirmish line to clear the sharpshooters
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00381-00091124-00091328 although some of the confederates
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00382-00091329-00091523 surrendered fighting proceeded street by
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00383-00091524-00091700 street through the town as the engineers
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00384-00091701-00091957 completed the bridges Sumner's right
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00385-00091958-00092189 grande division began crossing at 4:30
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00386-00092190-00092372 p.m. but the bulk of his men did not
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00387-00092373-00092684 cross until December 12th hookers center
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00388-00092685-00092909 grande division crossed on December 13th
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00389-00092910-00093071 using both the northern and southern
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00390-00093072-00093242 bridges the clearing of the city
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00391-00093243-00093437 buildings by Sumner's infantry and by
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00392-00093438-00093617 artillery fire from across the river
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00393-00093618-00093842 began the first major urban combat of
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00394-00093843-00094085 the war Union gunners sent more than
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00395-00094086-00094313 5000 shells against the town and the
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00396-00094314-00094565 ridges to the west by nightfall
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00397-00094566-00094775 four brigades of Union troops occupied
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00398-00094776-00094957 the town which they looted with a fury
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00399-00094958-00095135 that had not been seen in the war up to
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00400-00095136-00095198 that point
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00401-00095199-00095476 this behavior enraged Lee who compared
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00402-00095477-00095627 their depredations with those of the
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00403-00095628-00095882 ancient vandals the destruction also
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00404-00095883-00096107 angered the Confederate troops many of
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00405-00096108-00096389 were native Virginians many on the Union
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00406-00096390-00096527 side were also shocked by the
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00407-00096528-00096766 destruction inflicted on Fredericksburg
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00408-00096767-00097046 civilian casualties were unusually low
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00409-00097047-00097244 given the widespread violence george
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00410-00097245-00097442 Rayville estimates no more than four
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00411-00097443-00097664 civilian deaths river crossings south of
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00412-00097665-00097841 the city by Franklin's left braun
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00413-00097842-00098093 division were much less eventful both
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00414-00098094-00098324 bridges were completed by 11:00 a.m. on
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00415-00098325-00098540 December 11th while five batteries of
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00416-00098541-00098741 Union artillery suppressed most sniper
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00417-00098742-00099035 fire against the engineers Franklin was
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00418-00099036-00099251 ordered at 4:00 p.m. to cross his entire
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00419-00099252-00099458 command but only a single Brigade was
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00420-00099459-00099731 sent out before dark crossings resumed
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00421-00099732-00099932 at dawn and were completed by 1:00 p.m.
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00422-00099933-00100265 on December 12th early on December 13th
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00423-00100266-00100448 jackson recalled his divisions under
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00424-00100449-00100766 Jubal Early and D H Hill from downriver
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00425-00100767-00100973 positions to join his main defensive
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00426-00100974-00101096 lines south of the city
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00427-00101097-00101285 Burnside's verbal instructions on
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00428-00101286-00101516 December 12th outlined a main attack by
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00429-00101517-00101726 Franklin supported by hooker on the
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00430-00101727-00101879 southern flank while Sumner made a
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00431-00101880-00102128 secondary attack on the northern his
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00432-00102129-00102353 actual orders on December 13th were
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00433-00102354-00102542 vague and confusing to his subordinates
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00434-00102543-00102811 at 5:00 p.m. on December 12th
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00435-00102813-00102992 he made a cursory inspection of the
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00436-00102993-00103172 southern flank where Franklin and his
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00437-00103173-00103313 subordinates pressed him to give
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00438-00103314-00103510 definite orders for a morning attack by
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00439-00103511-00103667 the grand division so they would have
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00440-00103668-00103847 adequate time to position their forces
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00441-00103848-00104156 overnight however Burnside demurred and
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00442-00104157-00104339 the order did not reach Franklin until
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00443-00104340-00104765 7:15 or 7:45 a.m. when it arrived it was
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00444-00104766-00104996 not as Franklin expected rather than
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00445-00104997-00105191 ordering an attack by the entire grande
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00446-00105192-00105464 division of almost 60,000 men Franklin
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00447-00105465-00105658 was to keep his men in position but was
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00448-00105659-00105968 to send a division at least to seize the
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00449-00105969-00106133 high ground Prospect Hill around
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00450-00106133-00106367 Hamilton's crossing Sumner was to send
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00451-00106368-00106532 one division through the city and up
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00452-00106533-00106733 Telegraph Road and both flanks were to
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00453-00106733-00106868 be prepared to commit their entire
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00454-00106869-00107129 commands Burnside was apparently
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00455-00107130-00107297 expecting these weak attacks to
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00456-00107298-00107533 intimidate Lee causing him to withdraw
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00457-00107533-00107795 Franklin who had originally advocated a
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00458-00107796-00107963 vigorous assault chose to interpret
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00459-00107964-00108183 Burnside's order very conservatively
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00460-00108184-00108535 Brig general James a Hardy who delivered
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00461-00108536-00108728 the order did not ensure that Burnside's
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00462-00108729-00108929 intentions were understood by Franklin
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00463-00108930-00109106 and map inaccuracies about the road
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00464-00109107-00109327 network made those intentions unclear
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00465-00109328-00109481 furthermore Byrnes
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00466-00109482-00109783 choice of the verb to seize was less
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00467-00109784-00110008 forceful in 19th century military
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00468-00110009-00110314 terminology than an order to carry the
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00469-00110315-00110792 heights
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00470-00110793-00111452 topic south of the city December 13
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00471-00111453-00111779 December 13th began cold and overcast a
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00472-00111780-00112016 dense fog blanketed the ground and made
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00473-00112017-00112208 it impossible for the armies to see each
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00474-00112208-00112267 other
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00475-00112268-00112481 Franklin ordered his first Corps
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00476-00112482-00112772 commander Maj Gen John F Reynolds to
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00477-00112773-00112943 select a division for the attack
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00478-00112944-00113138 Reynolds chose his smallest division
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00479-00113139-00113501 about 4,500 men commanded by Maj Gen
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00480-00113502-00113860 George G Meade and assigned Brig General
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00481-00113861-00114058 John Gibbons division to support Meade's
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00482-00114059-00114307 attack his reserve division under Maj
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00483-00114308-00114563 general Abner Doubleday was to face
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00484-00114564-00114773 south and protect the left flank between
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00485-00114774-00114923 the Richmond Road and the river
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00486-00114924-00115154 Meade's division began moving out at
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00487-00115155-00115382 8:30 a.m. with Gibbon following behind
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00488-00115383-00115682 at around 10:30 the fog started lifting
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00489-00115683-00115877 they moved parallel to the river
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00490-00115878-00116059 initially turning right to face the
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00491-00116060-00116225 Richmond Road where they began to be
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00492-00116226-00116399 struck by enfilading fire from the
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00493-00116400-00116621 Virginia horse artillery under Maj John
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00494-00116622-00116934 Pelham Pelham started with two cannons a
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00495-00116935-00117179 12-pounder Napoleon smoothbore and a
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00496-00117180-00117425 rifled Blakely but continued with only
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00497-00117426-00117610 one after the latter was disabled by
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00498-00117611-00117824 counterbattery fire jab
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00499-00117825-00118036 Stewart sent word to Pelham that he
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00500-00118038-00118178 should feel free to withdraw from his
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00501-00118179-00118400 dangerous position at any time - which
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00502-00118401-00118652 Pelham responded tell the general I can
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00503-00118653-00118949 hold my ground the iron Brigade formerly
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00504-00118950-00119184 Gibbons command but now led by brick
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00505-00119185-00119456 general Solomon Meredith was sent out to
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00506-00119457-00119584 deal with the Confederate Horse
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00507-00119585-00119828 Artillery this action was mainly
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00508-00119829-00120085 conducted by the 24th Michigan Infantry
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00509-00120086-00120275 a newly enlisted regiment that had
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00510-00120276-00120503 joined the brigade in October after
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00511-00120504-00120740 about an hour Pelham's ammunition began
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00512-00120741-00121019 to run low and he withdrew General Lee
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00513-00121020-00121205 observed the action and commented about
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00514-00121206-00121523 Pelham aged 24 it is glorious to see
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00515-00121524-00121706 such courage in one so young
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00516-00121707-00121955 the most prominent victim of Pelham's
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00517-00121956-00122258 fire was Brig general George D Bayard a
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00518-00122258-00122461 cavalry general mortally wounded by a
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00519-00122463-00122635 shell while standing in reserve near
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00520-00122636-00122788 Franklin's headquarters
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00521-00122789-00123047 Jackson's main artillery batteries had
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00522-00123048-00123224 remained silent in the fog during this
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00523-00123225-00123446 exchange but the Union troops soon began
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00524-00123447-00123656 to receive direct fire from Prospect
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00525-00123657-00123875 Hill principally five batteries directed
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00526-00123876-00124151 by lieutenant call Reuben Lindsay Walker
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00527-00124152-00124411 and Meade's attack was stalled about 600
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00528-00124413-00124595 yards from his initial objective for
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00529-00124596-00124769 almost two hours by these combined
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00530-00124770-00124835 artillery
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00531-00124836-00125043 attacks the Union artillery fire was
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00532-00125044-00125220 lifted as Meade's men moved forward
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00533-00125221-00125342 around 1:00 p.m.
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00534-00125343-00125664 Jackson's force of about 35,000 remained
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00535-00125665-00125841 concealed on the wooded Ridge to Meade's
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00536-00125842-00126144 front his formidable defensive line had
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00537-00126145-00126417 an unforeseen flaw in AP Hill's
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00538-00126418-00126651 divisions line a triangular patch of the
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00539-00126652-00126836 woods that extended beyond the railroad
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00540-00126838-00126999 was swampy and covered with thick
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00541-00127000-00127182 underbrush and the Confederates had left
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00542-00127183-00127371 a six hundred yard gap there between the
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00543-00127372-00127736 brigades of brig gens James H Lane and
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00544-00127738-00128033 James J Archer Brig general Maxie
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00545-00128034-00128216 Gregg's brigades stood about a quarter
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00546-00128217-00128457 mile behind the Gap Meade's first
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00547-00128458-00128721 Brigade call William Sinclair entered
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00548-00128722-00128871 the gap climbed the railroad embankment
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00549-00128872-00129063 and turned right into the underbrush
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00550-00129064-00129283 striking lanes brigade in the flank
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00551-00129284-00129540 following immediately behind his third
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00552-00129541-00129813 Brigade Brig Gen figer Jackson turned
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00553-00129814-00130058 left and hit archers flank the second
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00554-00130059-00130334 brigade call Albert Elm agile Tanev up
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00555-00130335-00130491 in support and intermixed with the
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00556-00130492-00130766 leading brigades as the gap widened with
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00557-00130767-00130958 pressure on the flanks thousands of
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00558-00130959-00131136 Meade's men reached the top of the ridge
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00559-00131137-00131403 and ran into Gregg's Brigade many of
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00560-00131404-00131571 these Confederates had stacked arms
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00561-00131572-00131733 while taking cover from Union artillery
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00562-00131734-00131949 and were not expecting to be attacked at
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00563-00131950-00132093 that moment so were killed or captured
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00564-00132094-00132420 unarmed Gregg at first mistook the Union
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00565-00132421-00132606 soldiers for fleeing Confederate troops
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00566-00132607-00132804 and ordered his men not to fire on them
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00567-00132805-00133056 while he rode prominently in front of
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00568-00133057-00133260 his lines the partially deaf Gregg could
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00569-00133261-00133419 not hear the approaching Federals or
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00570-00133420-00133653 their bullets flying around him in the
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00571-00133654-00133845 confusion a bullet struck his spine and
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00572-00133846-00134034 fatally wounded him he died two days
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00573-00134035-00134108 later
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00574-00134109-00134379 Colonel Daniel Hamilton of the 1st South
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00575-00134380-00134589 Carolina assumed command but Gregg's
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00576-00134590-00134784 Brigade was totally routed and was no
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00577-00134785-00134991 longer an organized unit for the rest of
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00578-00134992-00135246 the day James Archer meanwhile was being
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00579-00135247-00135468 pressed hard on his left flank and sent
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00580-00135469-00135681 word for Gregg to reinforce him unaware
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00581-00135682-00135843 that he had been shot and his Brigade
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00582-00135844-00136146 had disintegrated the 19th George's flag
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00583-00136147-00136368 was captured by the adjutant of the 7th
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00584-00136369-00136557 Pennsylvania reserves it was the only
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00585-00136558-00136797 Confederate regimental flag captured and
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00586-00136798-00136979 retained by the Army of the Potomac in
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00587-00136980-00137235 the battle the Georgians broke and ran
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00588-00137236-00137478 the 14th Tennessee resisted the
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00589-00137479-00137640 onslaught for a time before also
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00590-00137641-00137856 breaking a sizeable number of its men
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00591-00137857-00138120 were taken prisoner Archer frantically
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00592-00138121-00138219 sent messages
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00593-00138220-00138399 to the rear calling on John Brock and
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00594-00138400-00138603 burro and Edmund atkinson's brigades for
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00595-00138604-00138846 help with ammunition on both sides
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00596-00138847-00139077 running low tend to hand fighting ensued
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00597-00139078-00139236 with soldiers stabbing at each other
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00598-00139237-00139475 with bayonets and using muskets as clubs
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00599-00139476-00139755 most of the regimental officers on both
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00600-00139756-00139929 sides went down as well on the
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00601-00139930-00140145 Confederate side the 1st Tennessee went
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00602-00140146-00140292 through three commanders in a matter of
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00603-00140293-00140619 minutes Meade's 15 regiments also lost
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00604-00140620-00140793 most of their officers although Meade
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00605-00140794-00140952 himself survived the battle unscathed
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00606-00140953-00141171 despite having been exposed to heavy
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00607-00141172-00141459 artillery fire Confederate reserves the
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00608-00141460-00141810 divisions of brig gens Jubilees early
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00609-00141811-00142092 and William B taliaferro moved into the
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00610-00142093-00142251 fray from behind Gregg's original
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00611-00142252-00142497 position inspired by their attack
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00612-00142498-00142674 regiments from lains and archers
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00613-00142675-00142848 brigades rallied and formed a new
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00614-00142849-00143106 defensive line in the gap now Meade's
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00615-00143107-00143307 men were receiving fire from three sides
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00616-00143308-00143495 and could not withstand the pressure
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00617-00143496-00143742 figer Jackson attempted to flank a
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00618-00143743-00143946 Confederate battery but after his horse
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00619-00143947-00144159 was shot and he began to lead on foot he
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00620-00144160-00144339 was shot in the head by a volley and his
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00621-00144340-00144645 Brigade fell back leaderless call Joseph
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00622-00144646-00144870 W Fisher soon replaced Jackson in
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00623-00144871-00145137 command to Meade's right Gibbons
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00624-00145138-00145323 division prepared to move forward at
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00625-00145324-00145385 1:00 p.m.
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00626-00145386-00145707 Brig general Nelson Taylor proposed to
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00627-00145708-00145842 given that they supplement Meade's
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00628-00145843-00146028 assault with a bayonet charge against
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00629-00146029-00146319 Lane's position however Gibbon stated
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00630-00146320-00146502 that this would violate his orders so
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00631-00146503-00146673 Taylor's Brigade did not move forward
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00632-00146674-00146991 until 1:30 p.m. the attack did not have
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00633-00146992-00147219 the benefit of a gap to exploit nor did
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00634-00147220-00147414 the Union soldiers have any wooded cover
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00635-00147415-00147621 for their advance so progress was slow
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00636-00147622-00147825 under heavy fire from lanes brigade and
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00637-00147826-00148071 Confederate artillery immediately
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00638-00148072-00148266 following Taylor was the brigade of call
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00639-00148267-00148509 Peter Lyle and the advance of the two
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00640-00148510-00148695 brigades ground to a halt before they
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00641-00148696-00148914 reached the railroad committing his
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00642-00148915-00149211 reserve at 1:45 p.m. Gibbon sent forward
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00643-00149212-00149466 his Brigade under call Adrienne our
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00644-00149467-00149655 route which moved through the survivors
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00645-00149656-00149823 of the first two brigades but they were
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00646-00149824-00150014 soon brought to a halt as well
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00647-00150015-00150234 eventually some of the Federals reached
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00648-00150235-00150405 the crest of the ridge and had some
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00649-00150406-00150645 success during hand-to-hand fighting men
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00650-00150646-00150816 on both sides had depleted their
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00651-00150817-00151023 ammunition and resorted to bayonets and
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00652-00151024-00151242 rifle butts and even empty rifles with
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00653-00151243-00151482 bayonets thrown like javelins but they
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00654-00151483-00151590 were forced to withdraw
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00655-00151591-00151716 back across the railroad embankment
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00656-00151717-00151932 along with Meade's men to their left
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00657-00151933-00152133 Gibbons attacked despite heavy
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00658-00152134-00152334 casualties had failed to support Meade's
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00659-00152335-00152499 temporary break through and Gibbon
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00660-00152500-00152652 himself was wounded when a shell
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00661-00152653-00152928 fragment struck his right hand Brig Gen
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00662-00152929-00153150 Nelson Taylor took over command of the
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00663-00153151-00153402 division after the battle Meade
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00664-00153403-00153594 complained that some of Gibbons officers
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00665-00153595-00153864 had not charged quickly enough but his
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00666-00153865-00154125 primary frustration was with Brig gen
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00667-00154126-00154374 David B Byrne II whose division of the
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00668-00154375-00154578 3rd Corps had been designated to support
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00669-00154579-00154683 the attack as well
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00670-00154684-00154905 Bernie claimed that his men had been
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00671-00154906-00155142 subjected to damaging artillery fire as
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00672-00155143-00155271 they formed up that he had not
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00673-00155272-00155424 understood the importance of Meade's
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00674-00155425-00155595 attack and that Reynolds had not ordered
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00675-00155596-00155871 his division forward when Meade galloped
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00676-00155872-00156033 to the rear to confront Bernie with a
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00677-00156034-00156240 string of fierce profanities that in the
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00678-00156241-00156462 words of one staff lieutenant almost
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00679-00156463-00156723 makes the stones creep he was finally
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00680-00156724-00156918 able to order the Brigadier forward
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00681-00156919-00157095 under his own responsibility but
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00682-00157096-00157335 harbored resentment for weeks by this
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00683-00157336-00157533 time however it was too late to
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00684-00157534-00157772 accomplish any further offensive action
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00685-00157773-00158016 Early's division began a counter attack
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00686-00158017-00158268 led initially by call Edmond and
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00687-00158269-00158445 atkinson's georgia Brigade which
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00688-00158446-00158619 inspired the men from the brigades of
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00689-00158620-00158979 Col Robert Hoch Brig General James J
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00690-00158980-00159255 Archer and call John M Bracken burrow to
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00691-00159256-00159429 charge forward out of the railroad
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00692-00159430-00159609 ditches driving Meade's men from the
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00693-00159610-00159804 woods in a disorderly retreat followed
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00694-00159805-00160092 closely by Gibbons Early's orders to his
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00695-00160093-00160284 brigades were to pursue as far as the
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00696-00160285-00160494 railroad but in the chaos many kept up
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00697-00160495-00160692 the pressure over the open fields as far
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00698-00160693-00160947 as the old Richmond Road Union artillery
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00699-00160948-00161187 crews proceeded to unleash a blast of
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00700-00161188-00161430 close range canister shot firing as fast
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00701-00161431-00161646 as they could load their guns the
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00702-00161647-00161814 Confederates were also struck by the
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00703-00161815-00162000 leading brigade of Bernie's belated
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00704-00162001-00162378 advance commanded by Brig Gen J H Hobart
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00705-00162379-00162432 Ward
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00706-00162433-00162633 Bernie followed up with the brigades of
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00707-00162634-00162966 brig gens Hiram G berry and John C
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00708-00162967-00163143 Robinson which broke the rebel advance
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00709-00163144-00163326 that had threatened to drive the Union
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00710-00163327-00163394 into the river
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00711-00163395-00163665 Coll Atkinson was struck in the shoulder
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00712-00163666-00163905 by canister shot and abandoned by his
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00713-00163906-00164130 own Brigade Union soldiers later found
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00714-00164131-00164352 and took him prisoner any further
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00715-00164353-00164550 Confederate advance was deterred by the
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00716-00164551-00164736 arrival of the third Corps division of
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00717-00164737-00164789 Brig
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00718-00164790-00164970 general Daniel
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00719-00164971-00165159 pickles on the right general Burnside
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00720-00165160-00165372 who by this time was focused on his
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00721-00165373-00165566 attacks on Mary's Heights was dismayed
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00722-00165567-00165744 that his left flank attack had not
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00723-00165745-00165936 achieved the success he assumed earlier
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00724-00165937-00166188 in the day he ordered Franklin to
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00725-00166189-00166502 advance his right in front but despite
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00726-00166503-00166722 repeated and treaties Franklin refused
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00727-00166723-00166908 claiming that all of his forces had been
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00728-00166909-00167232 engaged this was not true however as the
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00729-00167233-00167544 entire 6th Corps in Brig general Abner
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00730-00167545-00167733 Doubleday x' division of the 1st Corps
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00731-00167734-00167943 had been mostly idle suffering only a
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00732-00167944-00168176 few casualties from artillery fire while
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00733-00168177-00168360 they waited in reserve the Confederates
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00734-00168361-00168539 withdrew back to the safety of the hills
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00735-00168540-00168798 south of town Stonewall Jackson
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00736-00168799-00168936 considered mounting a resumed
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00737-00168937-00169139 counter-attack but the federal artillery
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00738-00169140-00169340 and impending darkness changed his mind
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00739-00169341-00169623 a fortuitous Union breakthrough had been
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00740-00169624-00169785 wasted because Franklin did not
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00741-00169786-00169976 reinforce meet success with some of the
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00742-00169977-00170283 20,000 men standing in reserve neither
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00743-00170284-00170513 Franklin nor Reynolds took any personal
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00744-00170514-00170663 involvement in the battle and were
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00745-00170664-00170850 unavailable to their subordinates at the
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00746-00170851-00170951 critical point
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00747-00170952-00171237 Franklin's losses were about 5,000
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00748-00171238-00171450 casualties in comparison to Stonewall
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00749-00171451-00171750 Jackson's 3,400 demonstrating the
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00750-00171751-00172023 ferocity of the fighting skirmishing and
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00751-00172024-00172263 artillery duels continued until dark but
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00752-00172264-00172458 no additional major attacks took place
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00753-00172459-00172623 while the center of the battle moved
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00754-00172624-00172749 north to Mary's Heights
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00755-00172750-00173100 Brig Gen George D Bayard who commanded a
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00756-00173101-00173307 cavalry Brigade in the 6th Corps was
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00757-00173308-00173493 struck in the leg by a shell fragment
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00758-00173494-00173676 and died two days later as the fighting
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00759-00173677-00173883 south of Fredericksburg died down the
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00760-00173884-00174026 air was filled with the screams of
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00761-00174027-00174302 hundreds of wounded men and horses dry
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00762-00174303-00174515 sage grass around them caught fire and
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00763-00174516-00175112 burned many men alive
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00764-00175113-00175746 topic Marye's Heights December 13th
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00765-00175747-00175935 on the northern end of the battlefield
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00766-00175936-00176286 Brig Gen William H French's division of
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00767-00176287-00176452 the 2nd Corps prepared to move forward
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00768-00176453-00176702 subjected to Confederate artillery fire
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00769-00176703-00176891 that was descending on the fog covered
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00770-00176892-00177126 city of Fredericksburg general
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00771-00177127-00177428 Burnside's orders to Maj General Edwin V
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00772-00177429-00177629 Sumner commander of the right Ronda
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00773-00177630-00177948 vision was to send a division or more to
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00774-00177949-00178119 seize the high ground to the west of the
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00775-00178120-00178304 city assuming that his assault on the
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00776-00178305-00178461 southern end of the Confederate line
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00777-00178462-00178632 would be the decisive action of the
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00778-00178633-00178869 battle the Avenue of approach was
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00779-00178870-00179112 difficult mostly open fields but
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00780-00179113-00179334 interrupted by scattered houses fences
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00781-00179335-00179487 and gardens that would restrict the
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00782-00179488-00179765 movement of battle lines a canal stood
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00783-00179766-00180009 about 200 yards west of the town crossed
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00784-00180010-00180189 by three narrow bridges which would
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00785-00180190-00180345 require the Union troops to funnel
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00786-00180346-00180503 themselves into columns before
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00787-00180504-00180777 proceeding about six hundred yards to
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00788-00180778-00180963 the west of Fredericksburg was the low
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00789-00180964-00181164 ridge known as Mary's heights rising
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00790-00181165-00181352 forty to fifty feet above the plain
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00791-00181353-00181536 although popularly known as Mary's
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00792-00181537-00181698 Heights the ridge was composed of
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00793-00181699-00181926 several Hills separated by ravines from
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00794-00181927-00182013 north to south
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00795-00182014-00182235 Taylor's Hill stands Berry Hill Mary's
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00796-00182236-00182445 Hill and Willis Hill near the crest of
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00797-00182446-00182615 the portion of the ridge comprising
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00798-00182616-00182804 Mary's Hill and Willis Hill a narrow
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00799-00182805-00183065 lane in a slight cut the telegraph road
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00800-00183066-00183252 known after the battle as the sunken
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00801-00183253-00183510 Road was protected by a four-foot stone
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00802-00183511-00183708 wall enhanced in places with log
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00803-00183709-00183906 breastworks and a beta's making it a
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00804-00183907-00184141 perfect infantry defensive position
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00805-00184142-00184446 Confederate Maj General Lafayette McLaws
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00806-00184447-00184674 initially had about 2,000 men on the
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00807-00184675-00184841 front line of Mary's Heights and there
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00808-00184842-00185015 were an additional seven thousand men in
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00809-00185016-00185202 reserve on the crest and behind the
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00810-00185203-00185475 ridge massed artillery provided almost
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00811-00185476-00185658 uninterrupted coverage of the plain
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00812-00185659-00185718 below
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00813-00185719-00185913 general Longstreet had been assured by
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00814-00185914-00186138 his artillery commander lieutenant call
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00815-00186139-00186515 Edward Porter Alexander general we cover
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00816-00186516-00186714 that ground now so well that we will
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00817-00186715-00186888 comb it as with a fine-tooth comb
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00818-00186889-00187161 a chicken could not live on that field
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00819-00187162-00187423 when we open on it
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00820-00187424-00187642 the fog lifted from the town around 10
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00821-00187643-00187822 a.m. and Sumner gave his order to
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00822-00187823-00188101 advance an hour later French's Brigade
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00823-00188102-00188182 under Brig
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00824-00188183-00188371 general Nathan Kimball began to move
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00825-00188372-00188605 around noon they advanced slowly through
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00826-00188606-00188821 heavy artillery fire crossed the canal
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00827-00188822-00189022 in columns over the narrow bridges and
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00828-00189023-00189181 formed in line with fixed bayonets
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00829-00189182-00189406 behind the protection of a shallow Bluff
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00830-00189407-00189700 in perfect line of battle they advanced
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00831-00189701-00189868 up the muddy slope until they were cut
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00832-00189869-00190123 down at about 125 yards from the
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00833-00190124-00190438 Stonewall by repeated rifle volleys some
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00834-00190439-00190663 soldiers were able to get as close as 40
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00835-00190664-00190834 yards but having suffered severe
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00836-00190835-00191026 casualties from both the artillery and
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00837-00191027-00191260 infantry fire the survivors clung to the
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00838-00191261-00191509 ground Kimball was severely wounded
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00839-00191510-00191665 during the assault and his Brigade
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00840-00191666-00192004 suffered 25% casualties French's
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00841-00192005-00192286 brigades under Col John W Andrews and
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00842-00192287-00192535 call Oliver H Palmer followed with
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00843-00192536-00192814 casualty rates of almost 50% Sumner's
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00844-00192815-00193000 original order called for the division
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00845-00193001-00193062 of Brig
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00846-00193063-00193345 General Winfield s Hancock to support
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00847-00193346-00193534 French and Hancock sent forward his
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00848-00193535-00193831 brigade under Col Samuel K's look behind
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00849-00193832-00194071 palmer's they met a similar fate
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00850-00194072-00194314 next was his Irish Brigade under Brig
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00851-00194315-00194587 general Thomas F Maher by coincidence
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00852-00194588-00194758 they attacked the area defended by
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00853-00194759-00195010 fellow Irishmen of call Robert
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00854-00195011-00195304 McMillan's 24th Georgia Infantry one
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00855-00195305-00195460 Confederate who spotted the green
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00856-00195461-00195670 regimental flags approaching cried out
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00857-00195671-00195796 Oh God
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00858-00195797-00196066 what a pity here comes me Gers fellows
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00859-00196067-00196375 but McMillan exhorted his troops give it
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00860-00196376-00196690 to them now boys now's the time give it
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00861-00196691-00196741 to them
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00862-00196742-00197020 Hancock's final Brigade was led by brick
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00863-00197021-00197311 General John C Caldwell leading his two
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00864-00197312-00197560 regiments on the Left call Nelson a
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00865-00197561-00197800 miles suggested to Caldwell that the
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00866-00197801-00198034 practice of marching in formation firing
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00867-00198035-00198238 and stopping to reload made the Union
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00868-00198239-00198415 soldiers easy targets and that a
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00869-00198416-00198577 concerted bayonet charge might be
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00870-00198578-00198865 effective in carrying the works Caldwell
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00871-00198866-00199084 denied permission miles was struck by a
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00872-00199085-00199267 bullet in the throat as he led his men
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00873-00199268-00199468 to within 40 yards of the wall where
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00874-00199469-00199573 they were pinned down as their
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00875-00199574-00199858 predecessors had been Caldwell himself
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00876-00199859-00200065 was soon struck by two bullets and put
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00877-00200066-00200224 out of action the commander of the
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00878-00200225-00200545 second Corps Maj Gen Darius and couch
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00879-00200546-00200728 was dismayed at the carnage wrought upon
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00880-00200729-00200806 his two
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00881-00200807-00200974 visions in the hour of fighting and like
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00882-00200975-00201262 call miles realized that the tactics
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00883-00201263-00201352 were not working
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00884-00201353-00201574 he first considered a massive bayonet
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00885-00201575-00201790 charge to overwhelm the defenders but as
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00886-00201791-00201937 he surveyed the front he quickly
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00887-00201938-00202132 realized that French's and Hancock's
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00888-00202133-00202285 divisions were in no shape to move
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00889-00202286-00202558 forward again he next planned for his
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00890-00202559-00202806 final division commanded by Maj Gen
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00891-00202807-00203041 Oliver o Howard to swing to the right
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00892-00203042-00203245 and attempt to envelop the Confederate
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00893-00203246-00203467 left but upon receiving urgent requests
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00894-00203468-00203680 for help from French and Hancock he sent
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00895-00203681-00203839 Howard's men over and around the Fallen
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00896-00203840-00204175 troops instead the brigade of Col Joshua
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00897-00204176-00204412 Owen went in first reinforced by call
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00898-00204413-00204676 Norman J Hall's Brigade and then two
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00899-00204677-00204889 regiments of brick general Alfred
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00900-00204890-00205096 Sully's Brigade the other Corps in
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00901-00205096-00205282 Sumner's grand division was the ninth
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00902-00205283-00205435 Corps and he sent in one of its
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00903-00205436-00205705 divisions under Brig general Samuel
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00904-00205706-00205948 Sturgis after two hours of desperate
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00905-00205948-00206148 fighting for Union divisions had failed
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00906-00206150-00206338 in the mission Burnside had originally
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00907-00206339-00206605 assigned to one casualties were heavy
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00908-00206606-00206823 second Corps losses for the afternoon
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00909-00206825-00207382 were 4114 sturgess's division 1011 while
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00910-00207383-00207577 the Union Army Post Longstreet
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00911-00207578-00207751 reinforced his line so that there were
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00912-00207752-00207948 four ranks of infantryman behind the
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00913-00207950-00208323 Stonewall Brig General Thomas RR Cobb of
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00914-00208325-00208525 Georgia who had commanded the key sector
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00915-00208526-00208708 of the line was mortally wounded by an
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00916-00208709-00208885 exploding artillery shelling was
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00917-00208886-00209176 replaced by brick General Joseph B
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00918-00209177-00209251 Kershaw
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00919-00209252-00209448 General Lee expressed concerns to
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00920-00209450-00209602 Longstreet about the massing troops
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00921-00209603-00209823 breaking his line but Longstreet assured
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00922-00209825-00210076 his commander general if you put every
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00923-00210077-00210298 man on the other side of the Potomac on
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00924-00210298-00210505 that field to approach me over the same
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00925-00210506-00210739 line and give me plenty of ammunition I
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00926-00210740-00210928 will kill them all before they reach my
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00927-00210929-00211242 line by mid-afternoon Burnside had
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00928-00211244-00211408 failed on both flanks to make progress
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00929-00211409-00211671 against the Confederates rather than
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00930-00211673-00211852 reconsidering his approach in the face
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00931-00211853-00212041 of heavy casualties he stubbornly
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00932-00212042-00212326 decided to continue on the same path he
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00933-00212327-00212503 sent two orders to Franklin to renew the
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00934-00212504-00212694 assault on the Left which as described
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00935-00212696-00212875 earlier the left grande division
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00936-00212876-00213067 commander ignored and ordered his center
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00937-00213067-00213276 grande division commanded by Maj Gen
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00938-00213277-00213544 Joseph Hooker to cross the Rappahannock
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00939-00213544-00213739 into Fredericksburg and continue the
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00940-00213740-00213879 attack on Mary's Heights
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00941-00213880-00214087 hooker performed a personal
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00942-00214088-00214198 reconnaissance
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00943-00214198-00214410 that neither Burnside nor Sumner had
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00944-00214411-00214603 done both remaining east of the river
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00945-00214604-00214789 during the failed assaults and returned
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00946-00214790-00214975 to Burnside's headquarters to advise
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00947-00214976-00215251 against the attack Brig Gen Daniel
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00948-00215252-00215440 Butterfield commanding hookers fifth
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00949-00215441-00215629 Corps while waiting for hooker to return
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00950-00215630-00215835 from his conference with Burnside sent
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00951-00215836-00215967 his division under Brig
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00952-00215967-00216190 General Charles Griffin to relief
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00953-00216191-00216463 sturgess's men by this time Maj Gen
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00954-00216464-00216715 George Pickett's Confederate division in
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00955-00216716-00216955 one of Maj General John Bell hoods
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00956-00216956-00217156 brigades had marched north to reinforce
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00957-00217157-00217419 Marye's Heights Griffin smashed his
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00958-00217421-00217596 three brigades against the Confederate
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00959-00217598-00217900 position one by one also concerned about
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00960-00217901-00218121 Sturgis couch sent the six guns of
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00961-00218123-00218455 capped John G hazards battery B 1st
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00962-00218456-00218653 Rhode Island Light Artillery to within
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00963-00218654-00218985 150 yards of the Confederate line they
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00964-00218986-00219096 were hit hard by Confederate
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00965-00219098-00219304 sharpshooter and artillery fire and
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00966-00219305-00219498 provided no effective relief to Sturgis
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00967-00219500-00219760 a soldier in Hancock's division reported
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00968-00219761-00219937 movement in the Confederate line that
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00969-00219938-00220102 led some to believe that the enemy might
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00970-00220103-00220351 be retreating despite the unlikeliness
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00971-00220352-00220531 of this supposition the fifth Corps
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00972-00220532-00220641 division of Brig
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00973-00220642-00220903 general Andrew a Humphreys was ordered
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00974-00220904-00221073 to attack and capitalize on the
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00975-00221075-00221371 situation Humphreys led his 1st Brigade
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00976-00221371-00221571 on horseback with his men moving over
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00977-00221573-00221752 and around fallen troops with fixed
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00978-00221753-00221980 bayonets and unloaded rifles some of the
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00979-00221981-00222175 Fallen men clutched at the passing pant
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00980-00222176-00222379 legs urging their comrades not to go
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00981-00222380-00222565 forward causing the brigade to become
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00982-00222566-00222834 disorganized in their advance the charge
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00983-00222835-00223027 reached to within fifty yards before
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00984-00223028-00223231 being cut down by concentrated rifle
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00985-00223232-00223540 fire Brig general George Sykes was
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00986-00223541-00223705 ordered to move forward with his fifth
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00987-00223706-00223917 Corps Regular Army division to support
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00988-00223919-00224092 Humphreys as retreat but his men were
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00989-00224092-00224305 caught in a crossfire and pinned down by
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00990-00224306-00224509 4 p.m. hooker had returned from his
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00991-00224510-00224692 meeting with Burnside having failed to
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00992-00224692-00224851 convince the commanding general to
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00993-00224852-00225109 abandon the attacks while Humphreys was
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00994-00225110-00225285 still attacking hooker reluctantly
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00995-00225286-00225498 ordered the 9th Corps division of Brig
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00996-00225498-00225802 General George W Getty to attack as well
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00997-00225803-00226003 but this time to the left most portion
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00998-00226004-00226264 of Mary's Heights will is he'll call
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-00999-00226265-00226525 rush Hawkins as Brigade followed by call
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01000-00226526-00226783 Edward Harlan's Brigade moved along an
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01001-00226784-00226992 unfinished railroad line just north of
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01002-00226994-00227184 Hazel Run approaching close to the
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01003-00227185-00227373 Confederate line without detection in
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01004-00227375-00227521 the gathering Twilight but they were
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01005-00227521-00227646 eventually
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01006-00227648-00227844 fired on and repulsed seven Union
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01007-00227846-00228046 divisions had been sent in generally one
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01008-00228046-00228223 brigade at a time for a total of
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01009-00228223-00228454 fourteen individual charges all of which
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01010-00228455-00228733 failed costing them from 6,000 to 8,000
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01011-00228734-00229030 casualties Confederate losses at Mary's
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01012-00229031-00229075 Heights
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01013-00229076-00229363 totaled around 1200 the falling of
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01014-00229364-00229534 darkness and the police of Burnside
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01015-00229535-00229708 subordinates were enough to put an end
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01016-00229709-00229984 to the attacks Longstreet later wrote
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01017-00229985-00230206 the charges had been desperate and
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01018-00230207-00230509 bloody but utterly hopeless thousands of
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01019-00230510-00230710 Union soldiers spent the cold December
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01020-00230711-00230860 night on the fields leading to the
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01021-00230861-00231064 heights unable to move or assist the
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01022-00231065-00231328 wounded because of Confederate fire that
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01023-00231329-00231526 night Burnside attempted to blame his
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01024-00231527-00231706 subordinates for the disastrous attacks
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01025-00231707-00231889 but they argued that it was entirely his
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01026-00231890-00232514 fault and no one else's
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01027-00232515-00233264 topic Lolan withdrawal December 14 to 15
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01028-00233265-00233476 during a dinner meeting the evening of
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01029-00233477-00233710 December 13th Burnside dramatically
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01030-00233711-00233873 announced that he would personally lead
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01031-00233873-00234106 his old 9th corps in one final attack on
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01032-00234107-00234188 Mary's Heights
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01033-00234189-00234341 but his generals talked him out of it
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01034-00234342-00234553 the following morning the armies
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01035-00234554-00234721 remained in position throughout the day
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01036-00234723-00234856 on December 14th
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01037-00234857-00235102 that afternoon Burnside asked Lee for a
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01038-00235103-00235301 truce to attend to his wounded which the
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01039-00235302-00235571 latter graciously granted the next day
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01040-00235571-00235777 the federal forces retreated across the
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01041-00235778-00235981 river and the campaign came to an end
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01042-00235982-00236176 testament to the extent of the carnage
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01043-00236177-00236342 and suffering during the battle was the
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01044-00236342-00236540 story of Richard Roland Kirkland a
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01045-00236541-00236776 Confederate Army sergeant with Company G
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01046-00236777-00237064 2nd South Carolina Volunteer Infantry
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01047-00237065-00237314 stationed at the Stonewall by the sunken
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01048-00237315-00237517 road below Marye's Heights Kirkland had
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01049-00237519-00237685 a close-up view to the suffering and
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01050-00237686-00237866 like so many others was appalled at the
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01051-00237867-00238040 cries for help of the Union wounded
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01052-00238041-00238180 throughout the cold winter night of
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01053-00238181-00238552 December 13th 1862 after obtaining
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01054-00238553-00238723 permission from his commander Brig
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01055-00238725-00238984 General Joseph B Kershaw Kirkland
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01056-00238985-00239185 gathered canteens and in broad daylight
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01057-00239186-00239417 without the benefit of a ceasefire or a
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01058-00239417-00239621 flag of truce refused by Kershaw
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01059-00239621-00239851 provided water to numerous Union wounded
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01060-00239852-00240092 lying on the field of battle Union
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01061-00240092-00240259 soldiers held their fire as it was
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01062-00240260-00240459 obvious what kirklands intent was
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01063-00240460-00240730 Kirkland was nicknamed the angel of
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01064-00240731-00241001 Mary's Heights for these actions and is
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01065-00241002-00241226 memorialized with a statue by Felix D
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01066-00241227-00241373 Weldon on the Fredericksburg and
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01067-00241373-00241573 Spotsylvania National Military Park
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01068-00241575-00241871 where he carried out his actions details
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01069-00241871-00242098 of this story first recorded in 1880
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01070-00242100-00242284 conflict with multiple after-action
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01071-00242285-00242473 reports and may have been embellished
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01072-00242475-00242677 and personalized for effect on the night
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01073-00242678-00242854 of December 14th the aurora borealis
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01074-00242855-00243085 made an appearance unusual for that
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01075-00243086-00243301 latitude presumably caused by a large
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01076-00243302-00243598 solar flare one witness described that
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01077-00243600-00243839 the wonderful spectacle of the aurora
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01078-00243840-00244183 borealis was seen in the Gulf states the
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01079-00244184-00244421 whole sky was a ruddy glow as if from an
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01080-00244421-00244579 enormous conflagration
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01081-00244580-00244796 but marked by the darting rays peculiar
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01082-00244796-00245069 to the Northern Light the event was
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01083-00245069-00245267 noted in the diaries and letters of many
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01084-00245267-00245498 soldiers at Fredericksburg such as John
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01085-00245498-00245779 W Thompson jr. who wrote Louisiana sent
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01086-00245780-00246019 those famous cosmopolitan Zouaves called
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01087-00246021-00246196 the Louisiana Tigers and there were
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01088-00246198-00246413 Florida troops who undismayed in fire
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01089-00246414-00246646 stampeded the night after Fredericksburg
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01090-00246648-00246827 when the aurora borealis snapped and
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01091-00246828-00247001 crackled over that field of the frozen
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01092-00247002-00247721 dead hard by the Rappahannock
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01093-00247721-00248564 topic aftermath
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01094-00248565-00249086 topic casualties
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01095-00249087-00249367 the Union Army suffered 12 thousand six
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01096-00249369-00249721 hundred fifty three casualties 1284
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01097-00249723-00250036 killed nine thousand six hundred wounded
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01098-00250037-00250436 1769 captured missing two Union generals
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01099-00250437-00250721 were mortally wounded brick Jen's George
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01100-00250721-00250973 D Bayard and Conrad F Jackson the
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01101-00250973-00251333 Confederate Army lost five thousand 377
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01102-00251334-00251767 608 killed 4116 wounded six hundred
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01103-00251769-00251981 fifty-three captured missing most of
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01104-00251982-00252152 them in the early fighting on Jackson's
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01105-00252153-00252442 front Confederate Brig gens
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01106-00252444-00252701 Maxey Greg and TRR Cobb were both
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01107-00252702-00252908 mortally wounded the casualties
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01108-00252909-00253109 sustained by each army showed clearly
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01109-00253110-00253331 how disastrous the Union Army's tactics
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01110-00253332-00253538 were although the fighting on the
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01111-00253539-00253730 southern flank produced roughly equal
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01112-00253731-00254054 casualties about 4,000 Confederate 5000
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01113-00254055-00254261 Union the northern flank was completely
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01114-00254262-00254435 lopsided with about eight Union
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01115-00254436-00254623 casualties for each Confederate
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01116-00254623-00254888 Burnside's men had suffered considerably
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01117-00254889-00255086 more in the attack originally meant as a
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01118-00255087-00255727 diversion than in his main effort
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01119-00255728-00256023 topic Confederate reaction to the news
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01120-00256025-00256425 of the victory
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01121-00256426-00256662 the south erupted in jubilation over
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01122-00256663-00256848 their great victory the richmond
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01123-00256849-00257079 examiner described it as a stunning
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01124-00257080-00257307 defeat to the invader a splendid victory
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01125-00257308-00257594 to the defender of the sacred soil
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01126-00257595-00257847 general lee normally reserved was
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01127-00257848-00258042 described by the charleston Mercurius
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01128-00258043-00258288 jubilant almost off-balance and
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01129-00258289-00258549 seemingly desirous of embracing everyone
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01130-00258550-00258852 who calls on him the newspaper also
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01131-00258853-00259056 exclaimed that General Lee knows his
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01132-00259057-00259254 business and the army has yet known no
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01133-00259255-00259838 such word as fail
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01134-00259839-00260489 topic effect on the Union reactions were
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01135-00260490-00260684 opposite in the north and both the army
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01136-00260685-00260867 and President Lincoln came under strong
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01137-00260867-00261065 attacks from politicians in the press
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01138-00261066-00261371 the cincinnati commercial wrote it can
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01139-00261371-00261590 hardly be in human nature for men to
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01140-00261591-00261812 show more valor or generals to manifest
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01141-00261813-00262058 less judgment than were perceptible on
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01142-00262059-00262222 our side that day
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01143-00262223-00262505 senator zechariah chandler a radical
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01144-00262506-00262754 republican wrote that the president is a
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01145-00262755-00262994 weak man too weak for the occasion and
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01146-00262995-00263192 those fool or traitor generals are
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01147-00263193-00263414 wasting time and yet more precious blood
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01148-00263415-00263713 in indecisive battles and delays
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01149-00263714-00263939 Pennsylvania Governor Andrew Curtin
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01150-00263940-00264131 visited the White House after a trip to
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01151-00264132-00264404 the battlefield he told the president it
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01152-00264405-00264649 was not a battle it was a butchery
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01153-00264650-00264896 Curtin reported that the president was
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01154-00264897-00265154 heartbroken at the recital and soon
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01155-00265155-00265331 reached a state of nervous excitement
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01156-00265332-00265679 bordering on insanity Lincoln himself
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01157-00265680-00265871 wrote if there is a worse place than
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01158-00265872-00266243 hell I am in it Burnside was relieved of
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01159-00266244-00266423 command a month later following an
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01160-00266424-00266618 unsuccessful attempt to purge some of
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01161-00266619-00266780 his subordinates from the Army and the
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01162-00266781-00267073 humiliating failure of his Mudd March in
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01163-00267074-00267642 January
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01164-00267643-00268248 topic battlefield preservation
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01165-00268249-00268484 the Fredericksburg and Spotsylvania
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01166-00268485-00268716 National Military Park was established
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01167-00268717-00268985 in 1927 under the War Department and
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01168-00268986-00269178 transferred to the National Park Service
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01169-00269179-00269510 in 1933 it consists of more than eight
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01170-00269511-00269708 thousand three hundred acres that cover
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01171-00269709-00269922 parts of four Civil War battlefields
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01172-00269923-00270126 Fredericksburg Spotsylvania courthouse
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01173-00270127-00270368 the wilderness and Chancellorsville in
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01174-00270369-00270717 March 2003 the Civil War trust a
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01175-00270718-00270903 division of the American Battlefield
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01176-00270904-00271074 trust announced the beginning of a
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01177-00271075-00271293 twelve million dollars national campaign
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01178-00271294-00271476 to preserve the historic slaughter pen
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01179-00271477-00271656 farm a key part of the Fredericksburg
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01180-00271657-00272100 Battlefield the 208 acre 0.84 square
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01181-00272101-00272304 kilometres farm known locally as the
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01182-00272305-00272502 Pierson tract was the scene of bloody
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01183-00272503-00272892 struggle on December 13th 1862 over this
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01184-00272893-00273099 ground federal troops under Maj Gen
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01185-00273100-00273279 George Meade and Brig
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01186-00273280-00273453 general John Gibbon launched their
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01187-00273454-00273669 assault against lieutenant Gen Thomas
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01188-00273670-00274020 Stonewall Jackson's Confederates holding
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01189-00274021-00274173 the southern portion of the Army of
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01190-00274174-00274314 Northern Virginia x' line at
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01191-00274315-00274530 Fredericksburg despite suffering
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01192-00274531-00274749 enormous casualties the federal troops
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01193-00274750-00274890 under Meade were able to temporarily
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01194-00274891-00275124 penetrate the Confederate line and for a
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01195-00275125-00275340 time represented the North's best chance
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01196-00275341-00275504 of winning the Battle of Fredericksburg
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01197-00275505-00275766 the fighting on this southern portion of
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01198-00275767-00275916 the battlefield later named the
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01199-00275917-00276144 slaughter pen produced 5,000 casualties
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01200-00276145-00276410 and five Medal of Honor recipients the
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01201-00276411-00276594 slaughter pen farm was considered to be
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01202-00276595-00276798 the largest remaining unprotected part
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01203-00276799-00277041 of the Fredericksburg battlefield it is
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01204-00277042-00277242 also the only place on the battlefield
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01205-00277243-00277404 where a visitor can still follow the
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01206-00277405-00277614 Union assault of December 13th from
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01207-00277615-00277707 beginning to end
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01208-00277708-00277985 nearly all the other land associated
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01209-00277986-00278151 with Union attacks at Fredericksburg
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01210-00278152-00278352 either on the southern end of the
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01211-00278353-00278526 battlefield or in front of Mary's
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01212-00278527-00278772 Heights has been degraded by development
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01213-00278773-00279066 the $12,000,000 acquisition of the
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01214-00279067-00279246 slaughter pen farm at the Fredericksburg
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01215-00279247-00279423 Battlefield has been called the most
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01216-00279424-00279618 ambitious nonprofit battlefield
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01217-00279619-00279819 acquisition in American history in
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01218-00279820-00280071 October 2006 the Department of the
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01219-00280072-00280281 Interior awarded a two million dollars
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01220-00280282-00280464 grant based on the significance of the
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01221-00280465-00280689 slaughter pen farm the money was
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01222-00280690-00280856 provided through a u.s. congressional
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01223-00280857-00281052 appropriation from the land and water
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01224-00281053-00281333 conservation fund the fund supports
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01225-00281334-00281529 non-federal efforts to acquire and
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01226-00281530-00281616 preserve meaning
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01227-00281617-00281934 American Civil War battlefield lands the
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01228-00281935-00282113 program is administered by the American
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01229-00282114-00282387 battlefield protection program an arm of
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01230-00282388-00282657 the National Park Service in addition
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01231-00282658-00282879 the central Virginia battlefields trust
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01232-00282880-00283149 CV Beattie committed 1 million dollars
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01233-00283150-00283302 toward the slaughter pen farm
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01234-00283303-00283515 fundraising campaign in addition to the
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01235-00283516-00283704 preservation of the slaughter pen farm
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01236-00283705-00283923 the American Battlefield trust and its
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01237-00283924-00284121 partners have acquired and preserved an
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01238-00284122-00284427 additional 40 acres 0.16 square
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01239-00284428-00284634 kilometers of the battlefield in five
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01240-00284635-00284862 other acquisitions in November 2012
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01241-00284863-00285111 during archaeological investigations at
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01242-00285112-00285243 the construction site for a new
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01243-00285244-00285468 courthouse remains of Union artifacts
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01244-00285469-00285546 were recovered
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01245-00285547-00285831 these included ammunition smoking pipes
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01246-00285832-00286409 and food tins
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01247-00286410-00286977 topic in popular media
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01248-00286978-00287181 the Battle of Fredericksburg was
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01249-00287182-00287445 depicted in the 2003 film Gods and
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01250-00287446-00287613 Generals based on the novel of the same
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01251-00287614-00287838 name a prequel of The Killer Angels from
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01252-00287839-00288027 which the earlier film Gettysburg was
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01253-00288028-00288318 adapted both the novel and film focused
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01254-00288319-00288531 primarily on the disastrous charges on
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01255-00288532-00288672 Mary's Heights with the movie
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01256-00288673-00288846 highlighting the charges of Hancock's
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01257-00288847-00289044 division of second Corps the Irish
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01258-00289045-00289257 Brigade Caldwell's Brigade & Zuke's
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01259-00289258-00289464 Brigade and the 20th Maine Infantry
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01260-00289465-00289755 Regiment 5th Corps American author
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01261-00289756-00289983 Louisa May Alcott fictionalized her
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01262-00289984-00290199 experience Nursing soldiers injured in
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01263-00290200-00290385 the Battle of Fredericksburg in her book
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01264-00290386-00290709 Hospital sketches 1863 American heavy
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01265-00290710-00290913 metal band I stir throat a song inspired
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01266-00290914-00291144 by the battle titled clear the way
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01267-00291145-00291579 December 13th 1862 and included it in
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01268-00291580-00291816 their 2017 album incorruptible the
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01269-00291817-00292005 Battle of Fredericksburg in what led up
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01270-00292006-00292158 to it and the nearly disastrous
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01271-00292159-00292335 aftermath of the battle on Lincoln's
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01272-00292336-00292551 administration which faced US Senate
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01273-00292552-00292728 efforts to usurp Lincoln's role as
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01274-00292729-00292932 commander-in-chief is the subject of the
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01275-00292933-00293713 novel the wastage by Dean Halliday Smith
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01276-00293714-00294245 topic see also
+V3UwKfaJ-x4-01277-00294246-00294602 equals equals notes
+V5T16AWaJWI-00000-00000211-00000790 [Music]
+V5T16AWaJWI-00001-00000791-00001795 [Music]
+V5T16AWaJWI-00002-00001796-00002375 [Music]
+V5T16AWaJWI-00004-00005848-00006055 you
+V60LNQIcPoc-00000-00000039-00000894 [Music]
+V60LNQIcPoc-00001-00000896-00001079 hello all randy rogers mortgage loan
+V60LNQIcPoc-00002-00001080-00001335 originator here today i want to quickly
+V60LNQIcPoc-00003-00001336-00001671 touch again on the topic of pmi or mip
+V60LNQIcPoc-00004-00001672-00001879 the mortgage insurance payments that
+V60LNQIcPoc-00005-00001880-00002199 borrowers must pay with an fha loan and
+V60LNQIcPoc-00006-00002200-00002487 if they do not put at least 20 down on a
+V60LNQIcPoc-00007-00002488-00002671 conventional mortgage purchase
+V60LNQIcPoc-00008-00002672-00002831 according to freddie mac
+V60LNQIcPoc-00009-00002832-00003015 most folks pay between thirty dollars
+V60LNQIcPoc-00010-00003016-00003231 and seventy dollars per month for every
+V60LNQIcPoc-00011-00003232-00003399 one hundred thousand dollars that they
+V60LNQIcPoc-00012-00003400-00003663 borrow as an example a buyer of a three
+V60LNQIcPoc-00013-00003664-00003806 hundred thousand dollar home might
+V60LNQIcPoc-00014-00003807-00004015 reasonably expect to pay between ninety
+V60LNQIcPoc-00015-00004015-00004199 dollars and two hundred ten dollars a
+V60LNQIcPoc-00016-00004200-00004295 month
+V60LNQIcPoc-00017-00004296-00004486 particularly on the upper end of that
+V60LNQIcPoc-00018-00004487-00004711 scale getting out of pmi payments can
+V60LNQIcPoc-00019-00004712-00004975 make a big difference to a family it's
+V60LNQIcPoc-00020-00004976-00005311 like getting a raise of more than 2500
+V60LNQIcPoc-00021-00005312-00005431 per year
+V60LNQIcPoc-00022-00005432-00005743 which can buy a lot of fishing tackle or
+V60LNQIcPoc-00023-00005744-00005870 maybe
+V60LNQIcPoc-00024-00005871-00006118 maybe even pay for books for a semester
+V60LNQIcPoc-00025-00006119-00006311 of a kid's college
+V60LNQIcPoc-00026-00006312-00006631 so when can you drop pmi or mip
+V60LNQIcPoc-00027-00006631-00006839 if you have an fha loan
+V60LNQIcPoc-00028-00006840-00007055 and you did not put at least 10 percent
+V60LNQIcPoc-00029-00007056-00007375 down mip lasts the life of the loan
+V60LNQIcPoc-00030-00007376-00007591 if you put at least 10 percent down it
+V60LNQIcPoc-00031-00007592-00007959 will automatically drop after 11 years
+V60LNQIcPoc-00032-00007959-00008231 for conventional 30-year mortgages pmi
+V60LNQIcPoc-00033-00008232-00008478 will drop after the loan balance reaches
+V60LNQIcPoc-00034-00008479-00008807 78 of the home's original value this
+V60LNQIcPoc-00035-00008808-00009031 usually takes 11 years you should
+V60LNQIcPoc-00036-00009032-00009199 receive an amortization schedule when
+V60LNQIcPoc-00037-00009200-00009383 you buy a home that gets the specific
+V60LNQIcPoc-00038-00009384-00009463 date
+V60LNQIcPoc-00039-00009464-00009727 if a consumer pays extra on their
+V60LNQIcPoc-00040-00009728-00009895 principal however
+V60LNQIcPoc-00041-00009896-00010174 they can request that a lender drop pmi
+V60LNQIcPoc-00042-00010175-00010510 when their balance reaches 80 percent
+V60LNQIcPoc-00043-00010511-00010695 they will need to contact their lender
+V60LNQIcPoc-00044-00010696-00010959 in writing email can usually work they
+V60LNQIcPoc-00045-00010960-00011246 must have a good payment history
+V60LNQIcPoc-00046-00011247-00011542 and no second liens on their property
+V60LNQIcPoc-00047-00011543-00011806 a borrower may have a minimum time frame
+V60LNQIcPoc-00048-00011807-00012031 such as two years before they will allow
+V60LNQIcPoc-00049-00012032-00012263 pmi to drop and they may require an
+V60LNQIcPoc-00050-00012264-00012391 appraisal to prove the home is still
+V60LNQIcPoc-00051-00012392-00012599 worth at least the sales price
+V60LNQIcPoc-00052-00012600-00012830 requesting pmi drop a couple of years
+V60LNQIcPoc-00053-00012831-00013079 early can mean a lot of money stays in
+V60LNQIcPoc-00054-00013080-00013430 your pocket i did this recently myself
+V60LNQIcPoc-00055-00013431-00013647 if you are looking to purchase a home or
+V60LNQIcPoc-00056-00013647-00013863 refinance in the great state of texas it
+V60LNQIcPoc-00057-00013863-00014071 would be a pleasure to be your lender
+V60LNQIcPoc-00058-00014072-00014279 contact me or apply today through my
+V60LNQIcPoc-00059-00014280-00014427 website
+V60LNQIcPoc-00060-00014428-00014583 trinityoaksmortgage.com
+V60LNQIcPoc-00061-00014584-00014775 r-r-o-d-g-e-r-s
+V60LNQIcPoc-00062-00014776-00015225 have a blessed day
+V60LNQIcPoc-00063-00015226-00015702 [Music]
+V68stB9QLUo-00000-00000504-00000671 hello everyone this is a mike van gaarde
+V68stB9QLUo-00001-00000672-00000790 with the phone company
+V68stB9QLUo-00002-00000791-00000911 and i'm here to talk to you about
+V68stB9QLUo-00003-00000911-00001150 product cyber security specifically the
+V68stB9QLUo-00004-00001151-00001399 secure airplane development life cycle
+V68stB9QLUo-00005-00001400-00001910 used within boeing commercial airplanes
+V68stB9QLUo-00006-00001911-00002095 and as a short primer on what i'll be
+V68stB9QLUo-00007-00002096-00002247 talking about today
+V68stB9QLUo-00008-00002248-00002431 just uh one everybody i think
+V68stB9QLUo-00009-00002432-00002615 understands that the aviation industry
+V68stB9QLUo-00010-00002616-00002847 is focused on safety
+V68stB9QLUo-00011-00002848-00002983 everybody in the bone company works hard
+V68stB9QLUo-00012-00002984-00003231 to achieve this we also have a new
+V68stB9QLUo-00013-00003232-00003543 concept called the enabled aircraft
+V68stB9QLUo-00014-00003544-00003743 and what i mean by that is that we now
+V68stB9QLUo-00015-00003744-00003903 have airplanes that have oppor
+V68stB9QLUo-00016-00003904-00004038 connectivity
+V68stB9QLUo-00017-00004039-00004222 that may employ the use of commercial
+V68stB9QLUo-00018-00004223-00004406 off-the-shelf software and
+V68stB9QLUo-00019-00004407-00004575 services like the internet protocol
+V68stB9QLUo-00020-00004576-00004831 suite
+V68stB9QLUo-00021-00004832-00004999 but so what the good comes the bad
+V68stB9QLUo-00022-00005000-00005222 though right so because of this
+V68stB9QLUo-00023-00005223-00005415 we now need to content for cyber
+V68stB9QLUo-00024-00005416-00005615 security threats
+V68stB9QLUo-00025-00005616-00005863 and so the way airplanes are developed
+V68stB9QLUo-00026-00005864-00006127 now need to take this into consideration
+V68stB9QLUo-00027-00006128-00006311 and so malicious intent via cyber
+V68stB9QLUo-00028-00006312-00006486 methods is an air concern that needs to
+V68stB9QLUo-00029-00006487-00006631 be accounted for during design
+V68stB9QLUo-00030-00006631-00007278 development test and analysis
+V68stB9QLUo-00031-00007279-00007439 so developing a product that is both
+V68stB9QLUo-00032-00007440-00007606 safe and secure is of the utmost
+V68stB9QLUo-00033-00007608-00007798 importance to the company
+V68stB9QLUo-00034-00007800-00007967 we also need to protect you know our
+V68stB9QLUo-00035-00007968-00008119 airline customers
+V68stB9QLUo-00036-00008120-00008327 protect our brand and the aviation
+V68stB9QLUo-00037-00008328-00008510 system as a whole
+V68stB9QLUo-00038-00008511-00008687 in order to do this we need to secure
+V68stB9QLUo-00039-00008688-00008903 the airplane but we also need to
+V68stB9QLUo-00040-00008904-00009023 secure those data links that
+V68stB9QLUo-00041-00009024-00009263 connectivity and build a company culture
+V68stB9QLUo-00042-00009264-00009431 that puts security right up there with
+V68stB9QLUo-00043-00009432-00009510 the
+V68stB9QLUo-00044-00009511-00009774 where safety is today only then can we
+V68stB9QLUo-00045-00009775-00009935 truly have an airplane that's occurred
+V68stB9QLUo-00046-00009936-00010583 throughout his entire life cycle
+V68stB9QLUo-00047-00010584-00010774 now sounds simple right so let's talk
+V68stB9QLUo-00048-00010775-00010910 about their complexity
+V68stB9QLUo-00049-00010911-00011151 and what this really means now this
+V68stB9QLUo-00050-00011152-00011327 chart really kind of shows that
+V68stB9QLUo-00051-00011328-00011599 you know aviation is is pretty large in
+V68stB9QLUo-00052-00011600-00011695 scope and
+V68stB9QLUo-00053-00011696-00011910 you can have all the security you want
+V68stB9QLUo-00054-00011911-00012095 on the aircraft but if we don't do
+V68stB9QLUo-00055-00012096-00012295 our part to the rest of the ecosystem
+V68stB9QLUo-00056-00012296-00012503 meaning the ground systems
+V68stB9QLUo-00057-00012504-00012735 maintenance you know the the federated
+V68stB9QLUo-00058-00012736-00012863 systems that might come in through
+V68stB9QLUo-00059-00012863-00013102 satcom or global navigation
+V68stB9QLUo-00060-00013103-00013366 um then we're not as secure as as we
+V68stB9QLUo-00061-00013368-00013438 need to be
+V68stB9QLUo-00062-00013440-00013743 and so boeing is spending a lot of
+V68stB9QLUo-00063-00013744-00013871 effort and time working
+V68stB9QLUo-00064-00013872-00014103 across these different parts of of
+V68stB9QLUo-00065-00014104-00014255 aviation
+V68stB9QLUo-00066-00014256-00014558 and as uh again and we'll talk about
+V68stB9QLUo-00067-00014559-00014711 some of that stuff that uh here in the
+V68stB9QLUo-00068-00014712-00015111 next few slides
+V68stB9QLUo-00069-00015112-00015407 and so as i kind of talked about a
+V68stB9QLUo-00070-00015408-00015558 connectivity we had seen a growth in
+V68stB9QLUo-00071-00015559-00015807 this in the enabled aircraft um
+V68stB9QLUo-00072-00015808-00016047 unfortunately uh with with all the good
+V68stB9QLUo-00073-00016047-00016247 you know comes the need to drive cyber
+V68stB9QLUo-00074-00016247-00016415 protections now
+V68stB9QLUo-00075-00016416-00016671 and so this is a new it's a new norm
+V68stB9QLUo-00076-00016672-00016815 within aviation
+V68stB9QLUo-00077-00016816-00016991 like there was a time when uh cyber
+V68stB9QLUo-00078-00016992-00017158 security wasn't a big deal but those
+V68stB9QLUo-00079-00017159-00017343 days are long gone
+V68stB9QLUo-00080-00017344-00017527 and so this is gonna require protections
+V68stB9QLUo-00081-00017528-00017743 that are both on the airborne assets
+V68stB9QLUo-00082-00017744-00017879 you know the avionics the airplane
+V68stB9QLUo-00083-00017880-00018094 systems and those type of devices as
+V68stB9QLUo-00084-00018095-00018167 well as
+V68stB9QLUo-00085-00018168-00018447 processes and controls on the
+V68stB9QLUo-00086-00018448-00018647 ground-based systems
+V68stB9QLUo-00087-00018648-00018807 to achieve this you know because
+V68stB9QLUo-00088-00018808-00018999 airplanes are a global commodity that
+V68stB9QLUo-00089-00019000-00019055 fly
+V68stB9QLUo-00090-00019056-00019263 all over the world um information
+V68stB9QLUo-00091-00019264-00019535 sharing is one of those key enablers
+V68stB9QLUo-00092-00019536-00019694 you know we partnered with the aviation
+V68stB9QLUo-00093-00019695-00019919 information sharing and analysis center
+V68stB9QLUo-00094-00019920-00020127 to get some good uh threat intelligence
+V68stB9QLUo-00095-00020128-00020383 and basically just to build trust in
+V68stB9QLUo-00096-00020384-00020622 in relationships so in the case of a
+V68stB9QLUo-00097-00020623-00020743 cyber event
+V68stB9QLUo-00098-00020744-00020983 you know that can affect multiple
+V68stB9QLUo-00099-00020984-00021214 stakeholders in this industry
+V68stB9QLUo-00100-00021215-00021471 we have those relationships to be able
+V68stB9QLUo-00101-00021472-00021694 to you know share that data
+V68stB9QLUo-00102-00021695-00021814 and we're actually getting to the point
+V68stB9QLUo-00103-00021815-00022014 where with the connectivity um
+V68stB9QLUo-00104-00022015-00022230 we're now going to need a way to manage
+V68stB9QLUo-00105-00022231-00022486 all these connectivity solutions
+V68stB9QLUo-00106-00022487-00022678 and basically the networks just like we
+V68stB9QLUo-00107-00022679-00022950 do on traditional ground systems
+V68stB9QLUo-00108-00022951-00023071 so that's definitely going to be the
+V68stB9QLUo-00109-00023072-00023294 norm and then i got a couple of these
+V68stB9QLUo-00110-00023295-00023455 line charts to just show the
+V68stB9QLUo-00111-00023456-00023671 relationship right now between
+V68stB9QLUo-00112-00023672-00023863 safety and security so on the left we
+V68stB9QLUo-00113-00023864-00024103 have safety events and what you'll see
+V68stB9QLUo-00114-00024104-00024263 is that over time
+V68stB9QLUo-00115-00024264-00024486 those safety events become less common
+V68stB9QLUo-00116-00024487-00024655 and actually
+V68stB9QLUo-00117-00024656-00024911 you know based on good learning from
+V68stB9QLUo-00118-00024912-00025127 mistakes learning from history
+V68stB9QLUo-00119-00025128-00025286 you know they tend not to show up or
+V68stB9QLUo-00120-00025287-00025471 repeat themselves
+V68stB9QLUo-00121-00025472-00025678 conversely though on security though you
+V68stB9QLUo-00122-00025679-00025870 know we know that they attack surface
+V68stB9QLUo-00123-00025872-00025974 grilles over time
+V68stB9QLUo-00124-00025975-00026158 and so in the case of an aircraft which
+V68stB9QLUo-00125-00026160-00026343 typically has a life cycle of
+V68stB9QLUo-00126-00026344-00026599 you know close to 30 plus years if you
+V68stB9QLUo-00127-00026600-00026687 were to never
+V68stB9QLUo-00128-00026688-00026879 update you know the systems on the
+V68stB9QLUo-00129-00026880-00026999 airplane
+V68stB9QLUo-00130-00027000-00027343 what kind of security uh issues might
+V68stB9QLUo-00131-00027344-00027495 have popped up in between the initial
+V68stB9QLUo-00132-00027495-00027590 certification
+V68stB9QLUo-00133-00027591-00027814 and that time frame so we know that
+V68stB9QLUo-00134-00027816-00028046 that's an issue to solve um and
+V68stB9QLUo-00135-00028047-00028214 we are working towards that and i'll
+V68stB9QLUo-00136-00028216-00028423 kind of talk a little later about what
+V68stB9QLUo-00137-00028424-00028862 we've done to help mitigate that
+V68stB9QLUo-00138-00028863-00029039 now boeing commercial airplanes has been
+V68stB9QLUo-00139-00029039-00029214 involved with network security um
+V68stB9QLUo-00140-00029216-00029462 since 94. that was when we first
+V68stB9QLUo-00141-00029463-00029607 released the white paper for the triple
+V68stB9QLUo-00142-00029608-00029718 seven that
+V68stB9QLUo-00143-00029719-00029895 really looked at what would happen if
+V68stB9QLUo-00144-00029895-00030039 you used a
+V68stB9QLUo-00145-00030039-00030231 tamper maliciously or intentionally
+V68stB9QLUo-00146-00030232-00030439 tamper with software
+V68stB9QLUo-00147-00030439-00030614 um so we had some lessons learned from
+V68stB9QLUo-00148-00030616-00030758 that it kind of opened the eyes to some
+V68stB9QLUo-00149-00030760-00030790 of
+V68stB9QLUo-00150-00030791-00031135 our designers then came the 787 with the
+V68stB9QLUo-00151-00031136-00031479 enabled first enabled platform
+V68stB9QLUo-00152-00031480-00031711 and we've actually continued to uh you
+V68stB9QLUo-00153-00031712-00031887 know add those type of systems to the
+V68stB9QLUo-00154-00031888-00032014 rest of our fleets
+V68stB9QLUo-00155-00032016-00032199 so the three sevens and triple sevens
+V68stB9QLUo-00156-00032200-00032374 and 47-8
+V68stB9QLUo-00157-00032375-00032799 and essentially uh the faa at the time
+V68stB9QLUo-00158-00032800-00033118 has realized that you know existing
+V68stB9QLUo-00159-00033119-00033239 regulations
+V68stB9QLUo-00160-00033240-00033423 did not adequately account for
+V68stB9QLUo-00161-00033424-00033631 intentional misuse
+V68stB9QLUo-00162-00033632-00033767 and so we have something called special
+V68stB9QLUo-00163-00033768-00033959 conditions those are the requirements
+V68stB9QLUo-00164-00033960-00034071 labeled on us
+V68stB9QLUo-00165-00034072-00034327 by by our regulator they kind of fit
+V68stB9QLUo-00166-00034328-00034471 into two different buckets protect the
+V68stB9QLUo-00167-00034472-00034551 aircraft
+V68stB9QLUo-00168-00034552-00034743 from internal or passenger access those
+V68stB9QLUo-00169-00034744-00034871 that want to do a harm
+V68stB9QLUo-00170-00034872-00035095 protect the aircraft from those trying
+V68stB9QLUo-00171-00035096-00035359 to attack it external to the aircraft
+V68stB9QLUo-00172-00035360-00035583 and so right now we're actually uh we're
+V68stB9QLUo-00173-00035584-00035774 in the 2020 time frame
+V68stB9QLUo-00174-00035775-00035983 um we have some new uh guidance coming
+V68stB9QLUo-00175-00035984-00036199 out that will is a little more inclusive
+V68stB9QLUo-00176-00036200-00036383 and talking about securing the whole
+V68stB9QLUo-00177-00036384-00036646 ecosystem i'll talk about those uh
+V68stB9QLUo-00178-00036647-00037095 those standards here in a bit
+V68stB9QLUo-00179-00037096-00037367 and so let's talk about what it means to
+V68stB9QLUo-00180-00037368-00037439 have a
+V68stB9QLUo-00181-00037440-00037711 secure aircraft architecture and so one
+V68stB9QLUo-00182-00037712-00037895 of the things um that airplanes are
+V68stB9QLUo-00183-00037896-00038039 built around is a
+V68stB9QLUo-00184-00038040-00038302 something called domain model and
+V68stB9QLUo-00185-00038303-00038462 they're specific uh
+V68stB9QLUo-00186-00038463-00038711 to uh as defined in a ring six six four
+V68stB9QLUo-00187-00038712-00038855 part five i have a diagram on the next
+V68stB9QLUo-00188-00038856-00038927 slide
+V68stB9QLUo-00189-00038928-00039071 it'll give a little more explanation but
+V68stB9QLUo-00190-00039072-00039215 essentially there's three different
+V68stB9QLUo-00191-00039216-00039359 truss levels on the aircraft you have
+V68stB9QLUo-00192-00039360-00039495 your front of aircraft the aircraft
+V68stB9QLUo-00193-00039496-00039646 control domain those are
+V68stB9QLUo-00194-00039647-00039967 systems that uh you know really have a
+V68stB9QLUo-00195-00039968-00040079 command and control
+V68stB9QLUo-00196-00040080-00040335 uh impact to the aircraft you have those
+V68stB9QLUo-00197-00040336-00040518 that sit in the airline information
+V68stB9QLUo-00198-00040519-00040751 systems domain or services domain
+V68stB9QLUo-00199-00040752-00040887 those are systems that are used to
+V68stB9QLUo-00200-00040888-00041055 support maintenance or
+V68stB9QLUo-00201-00041056-00041318 aircraft efficiencies and whatnot then
+V68stB9QLUo-00202-00041319-00041374 we got the
+V68stB9QLUo-00203-00041375-00041623 the pi's domain or your passenger and
+V68stB9QLUo-00204-00041624-00041751 information entertainment assistance
+V68stB9QLUo-00205-00041752-00041855 domain
+V68stB9QLUo-00206-00041856-00042055 now each of these domains has has
+V68stB9QLUo-00207-00042056-00042199 different trust levels and they also
+V68stB9QLUo-00208-00042200-00042383 have different designs and protections
+V68stB9QLUo-00209-00042384-00042583 you know to mitigate any uh
+V68stB9QLUo-00210-00042584-00042855 intentional cyber intrusions these
+V68stB9QLUo-00211-00042856-00042927 protections
+V68stB9QLUo-00212-00042928-00043207 along with some administrative physical
+V68stB9QLUo-00213-00043208-00043327 access
+V68stB9QLUo-00214-00043328-00043630 and operational controls are what
+V68stB9QLUo-00215-00043631-00043855 holistically together provide security
+V68stB9QLUo-00216-00043856-00044167 for an aircraft
+V68stB9QLUo-00217-00044168-00044351 now as i was briefly just talked about
+V68stB9QLUo-00218-00044352-00044583 on the previous slide
+V68stB9QLUo-00219-00044584-00044879 the area 664 part five model is
+V68stB9QLUo-00220-00044880-00044999 something that's in a published
+V68stB9QLUo-00221-00045000-00045135 specification
+V68stB9QLUo-00222-00045136-00045423 um this actually uh this view right here
+V68stB9QLUo-00223-00045424-00045639 i kind of broken it into different views
+V68stB9QLUo-00224-00045640-00045943 a security view responsibility airline
+V68stB9QLUo-00225-00045944-00046118 apps roles and functions this is similar
+V68stB9QLUo-00226-00046119-00046287 to a software architecture design
+V68stB9QLUo-00227-00046288-00046423 pattern
+V68stB9QLUo-00228-00046424-00046623 say a four plus one where you have
+V68stB9QLUo-00229-00046624-00046799 different concurrent views to account
+V68stB9QLUo-00230-00046800-00046927 for uh
+V68stB9QLUo-00231-00046928-00047095 you know different aspects of those
+V68stB9QLUo-00232-00047096-00047311 domains and so on the security view we
+V68stB9QLUo-00233-00047312-00047351 have
+V68stB9QLUo-00234-00047352-00047511 what is done in the closed part of the
+V68stB9QLUo-00235-00047512-00047727 network the aircraft that's done by the
+V68stB9QLUo-00236-00047728-00047846 airframer
+V68stB9QLUo-00237-00047847-00048023 we have those responsibilities that are
+V68stB9QLUo-00238-00048024-00048239 done on the private side
+V68stB9QLUo-00239-00048240-00048455 which are those for the airline to
+V68stB9QLUo-00240-00048456-00048551 control
+V68stB9QLUo-00241-00048552-00048790 then we have things um you know the the
+V68stB9QLUo-00242-00048791-00048918 passengers as
+V68stB9QLUo-00243-00048919-00049118 myself and my passenger i have the
+V68stB9QLUo-00244-00049119-00049279 freedom to bring my own devices whether
+V68stB9QLUo-00245-00049280-00049446 it's a cell phone or a tablet
+V68stB9QLUo-00246-00049447-00049630 if i'm on the ground i can use att or
+V68stB9QLUo-00247-00049631-00049862 verizon you know to connect
+V68stB9QLUo-00248-00049863-00050190 to the internet or other stuff like that
+V68stB9QLUo-00249-00050191-00050374 so there's different trust domains they
+V68stB9QLUo-00250-00050375-00050495 have different roles and they should
+V68stB9QLUo-00251-00050496-00051030 come with their own different threats
+V68stB9QLUo-00252-00051031-00051279 um to give a little more uh granular
+V68stB9QLUo-00253-00051279-00051390 view on
+V68stB9QLUo-00254-00051391-00051614 the connectivity and how they relate to
+V68stB9QLUo-00255-00051615-00051790 the aircraft domains
+V68stB9QLUo-00256-00051791-00051966 this is a pretty busy chart but it just
+V68stB9QLUo-00257-00051967-00052094 kind of shows you uh
+V68stB9QLUo-00258-00052095-00052311 just a lot happening right here so on
+V68stB9QLUo-00259-00052312-00052487 the far left and the red that's our
+V68stB9QLUo-00260-00052488-00052663 aircraft control domain
+V68stB9QLUo-00261-00052664-00052887 those are systems that are again needed
+V68stB9QLUo-00262-00052888-00053038 for uh
+V68stB9QLUo-00263-00053039-00053263 safety of fight typically and command
+V68stB9QLUo-00264-00053264-00053415 and control the aircraft
+V68stB9QLUo-00265-00053416-00053575 some of the data links that are used on
+V68stB9QLUo-00266-00053576-00053799 there are your l-band satcom for safety
+V68stB9QLUo-00267-00053800-00053887 services
+V68stB9QLUo-00268-00053888-00054279 that would encompass things like at lsi
+V68stB9QLUo-00269-00054279-00054607 a cars you know make use of mediums like
+V68stB9QLUo-00270-00054608-00055030 vhf if you're over over terrestrial
+V68stB9QLUo-00271-00055032-00055423 networks satcom if you're oceanic
+V68stB9QLUo-00272-00055424-00055575 we then have the the middle of the
+V68stB9QLUo-00273-00055576-00055799 airplane which is aisd
+V68stB9QLUo-00274-00055800-00055942 there's a lot of different ground
+V68stB9QLUo-00275-00055944-00056103 network interfaces for that
+V68stB9QLUo-00276-00056104-00056375 mostly broadband anywhere from cellular
+V68stB9QLUo-00277-00056376-00056526 to wi-fi
+V68stB9QLUo-00278-00056527-00056847 also can use satcom in that regard
+V68stB9QLUo-00279-00056848-00057175 that satcom though is a kuk bandsatcom
+V68stB9QLUo-00280-00057176-00057399 and again those that domain is mostly
+V68stB9QLUo-00281-00057400-00057615 for airline operational use
+V68stB9QLUo-00282-00057616-00057847 to support fight crew maintenance crews
+V68stB9QLUo-00283-00057848-00058030 and cabin crews
+V68stB9QLUo-00284-00058032-00058142 and then at the back side of the
+V68stB9QLUo-00285-00058144-00058359 aircraft we have again the entertainment
+V68stB9QLUo-00286-00058360-00058479 domain and this is
+V68stB9QLUo-00287-00058479-00058647 what has a flying passenger if you've
+V68stB9QLUo-00288-00058648-00058807 ever wanted to get internet access while
+V68stB9QLUo-00289-00058808-00058935 you were flying you're
+V68stB9QLUo-00290-00058936-00059094 going to connect to your ifak your
+V68stB9QLUo-00291-00059095-00059319 flight entertainment connectivity server
+V68stB9QLUo-00292-00059320-00059526 that's going to again normally be a
+V68stB9QLUo-00293-00059527-00059671 third party like
+V68stB9QLUo-00294-00059672-00059950 iridium or mrsat that's going to provide
+V68stB9QLUo-00295-00059951-00060519 that for you
+V68stB9QLUo-00296-00060520-00060750 now this venn diagram right here is to
+V68stB9QLUo-00297-00060751-00060975 just kind of show the intersection of
+V68stB9QLUo-00298-00060976-00061030 two
+V68stB9QLUo-00299-00061032-00061215 two main things and so we all know that
+V68stB9QLUo-00300-00061216-00061366 aviation safety is
+V68stB9QLUo-00301-00061367-00061599 is by far the main focus of all
+V68stB9QLUo-00302-00061600-00061799 regulations in commercial airlines
+V68stB9QLUo-00303-00061800-00062103 or commercial air aviation um but then
+V68stB9QLUo-00304-00062104-00062230 we also have
+V68stB9QLUo-00305-00062232-00062391 you know all these other systems on the
+V68stB9QLUo-00306-00062391-00062591 aircraft that are maybe have nothing to
+V68stB9QLUo-00307-00062591-00062703 do with
+V68stB9QLUo-00308-00062704-00062919 with safety or and they're just uh you
+V68stB9QLUo-00309-00062920-00063103 know for uh
+V68stB9QLUo-00310-00063104-00063382 for quality or passenger experience
+V68stB9QLUo-00311-00063383-00063447 that's the
+V68stB9QLUo-00312-00063448-00063687 aviation cyber security um again there's
+V68stB9QLUo-00313-00063688-00063926 not a whole lot of regulations um
+V68stB9QLUo-00314-00063927-00064142 around that but in that intersection the
+V68stB9QLUo-00315-00064144-00064271 inner circle is
+V68stB9QLUo-00316-00064272-00064471 where we have our aviation cyber safety
+V68stB9QLUo-00317-00064472-00064638 and these are under a purview of the
+V68stB9QLUo-00318-00064639-00064799 regulator
+V68stB9QLUo-00319-00064800-00065054 this is really making sure that systems
+V68stB9QLUo-00320-00065055-00065119 that
+V68stB9QLUo-00321-00065120-00065550 have a criticality associated with them
+V68stB9QLUo-00322-00065551-00065767 based on their design assurance level
+V68stB9QLUo-00323-00065768-00065894 that those systems
+V68stB9QLUo-00324-00065895-00066159 are robust against cyber security
+V68stB9QLUo-00325-00066160-00066287 concerns
+V68stB9QLUo-00326-00066288-00066550 another word to say that is a reduced
+V68stB9QLUo-00327-00066551-00066759 chance or likelihood of a
+V68stB9QLUo-00328-00066760-00066926 safety event happening in these cyber
+V68stB9QLUo-00329-00066927-00067126 means so that's again a new area that's
+V68stB9QLUo-00330-00067127-00067415 getting a lot of focus that's where
+V68stB9QLUo-00331-00067416-00067671 boeing and it's a trusted partner spend
+V68stB9QLUo-00332-00067672-00068094 a lot of time focusing on
+V68stB9QLUo-00333-00068095-00068271 and so what else is boeing doing right
+V68stB9QLUo-00334-00068272-00068511 now um you know to get to that secure
+V68stB9QLUo-00335-00068512-00068726 and safe aircraft and so
+V68stB9QLUo-00336-00068727-00068863 we'll actually uh do the airplane
+V68stB9QLUo-00337-00068864-00069047 certification um something that is
+V68stB9QLUo-00338-00069048-00069150 different than a
+V68stB9QLUo-00339-00069151-00069431 typical airplane certification is now
+V68stB9QLUo-00340-00069432-00069543 there is a separate
+V68stB9QLUo-00341-00069544-00069735 activity to account for the security
+V68stB9QLUo-00342-00069736-00069991 aspects so almost like a
+V68stB9QLUo-00343-00069992-00070247 security certification just just to look
+V68stB9QLUo-00344-00070248-00070375 at the malicious
+V68stB9QLUo-00345-00070376-00070647 misuse this demonstrates the security
+V68stB9QLUo-00346-00070648-00070726 compliance
+V68stB9QLUo-00347-00070727-00071006 it verifies that the airplane meets the
+V68stB9QLUo-00348-00071007-00071223 stringent security requirements
+V68stB9QLUo-00349-00071224-00071447 also make sure that any other guidelines
+V68stB9QLUo-00350-00071448-00071679 and things that the regulator is going
+V68stB9QLUo-00351-00071680-00071711 to
+V68stB9QLUo-00352-00071712-00072126 uh review is is also accounted for
+V68stB9QLUo-00353-00072127-00072335 we're spending uh you know like most
+V68stB9QLUo-00354-00072336-00072462 companies we're always trying to
+V68stB9QLUo-00355-00072463-00072623 innovate and find
+V68stB9QLUo-00356-00072624-00072823 new cool things to make us more
+V68stB9QLUo-00357-00072824-00073038 competitive to make our customers find
+V68stB9QLUo-00358-00073039-00073175 more value
+V68stB9QLUo-00359-00073176-00073311 and so we're partnering up with both
+V68stB9QLUo-00360-00073312-00073511 internal external parties
+V68stB9QLUo-00361-00073512-00073638 some of these are private entities
+V68stB9QLUo-00362-00073639-00073926 others are like academia
+V68stB9QLUo-00363-00073927-00074167 and universities to go ahead and you
+V68stB9QLUo-00364-00074168-00074438 know work together to come up with some
+V68stB9QLUo-00365-00074439-00074494 new stuff
+V68stB9QLUo-00366-00074495-00074711 um things like machine learning and ai
+V68stB9QLUo-00367-00074712-00074847 you know blockchain got to throw that
+V68stB9QLUo-00368-00074848-00074926 out there because that's
+V68stB9QLUo-00369-00074927-00075191 the buzzwords of today but uh you kind
+V68stB9QLUo-00370-00075192-00075311 of look at those uh
+V68stB9QLUo-00371-00075312-00075511 work with those different folks to to
+V68stB9QLUo-00372-00075512-00075679 come up with new solutions
+V68stB9QLUo-00373-00075680-00075823 we have a dedicated team that's looking
+V68stB9QLUo-00374-00075824-00076023 to air to ground interfaces how do we
+V68stB9QLUo-00375-00076024-00076271 get more data off the aircraft so we can
+V68stB9QLUo-00376-00076272-00076455 do productive maintenance and trending
+V68stB9QLUo-00377-00076456-00076703 and things like that
+V68stB9QLUo-00378-00076704-00076919 we also spend time doing risk
+V68stB9QLUo-00379-00076920-00077047 assessments of risk
+V68stB9QLUo-00380-00077048-00077294 management we subscribe to the nist
+V68stB9QLUo-00381-00077295-00077391 frameworks
+V68stB9QLUo-00382-00077392-00077647 cyber security framework this helps us
+V68stB9QLUo-00383-00077648-00077831 focus on where we're going to uh
+V68stB9QLUo-00384-00077832-00077999 you know what the big rocks are to go
+V68stB9QLUo-00385-00078000-00078335 solve and spend money accordingly
+V68stB9QLUo-00386-00078336-00078487 something else that's kind of aligned to
+V68stB9QLUo-00387-00078488-00078694 risk management is the use of tabletop
+V68stB9QLUo-00388-00078695-00078815 exercises
+V68stB9QLUo-00389-00078816-00079006 but teaming or gaming different words to
+V68stB9QLUo-00390-00079007-00079150 say the same thing as we're going to
+V68stB9QLUo-00391-00079151-00079238 look at
+V68stB9QLUo-00392-00079239-00079431 you know with different stakeholders to
+V68stB9QLUo-00393-00079432-00079599 see uh you know
+V68stB9QLUo-00394-00079600-00079775 are our assumptions good where where
+V68stB9QLUo-00395-00079776-00080006 should we focus are there any gaps in
+V68stB9QLUo-00396-00080007-00080262 in those assumptions and whatnot and a
+V68stB9QLUo-00397-00080263-00080399 new thing that uh
+V68stB9QLUo-00398-00080400-00080582 our team within boeing and product
+V68stB9QLUo-00399-00080583-00080719 security has just stood up
+V68stB9QLUo-00400-00080720-00081055 is a team dedicated to doing uh
+V68stB9QLUo-00401-00081056-00081311 product security incident response so as
+V68stB9QLUo-00402-00081312-00081575 we get more uh investing uh
+V68stB9QLUo-00403-00081576-00081775 partners and and working with the
+V68stB9QLUo-00404-00081776-00081999 security researcher community
+V68stB9QLUo-00405-00082000-00082255 we need uh folks that are dedicated to
+V68stB9QLUo-00406-00082256-00082343 handling
+V68stB9QLUo-00407-00082344-00082591 any issues so that we can mitigate and
+V68stB9QLUo-00408-00082592-00082750 fix those accordingly
+V68stB9QLUo-00409-00082751-00082943 and also to account for the sustainment
+V68stB9QLUo-00410-00082944-00083111 now most folks realize that the
+V68stB9QLUo-00411-00083112-00083318 operational phase of any system is
+V68stB9QLUo-00412-00083319-00083599 the long the longer period uh and the
+V68stB9QLUo-00413-00083600-00083775 most costly and so
+V68stB9QLUo-00414-00083776-00083991 because aircraft you know or 30-plus
+V68stB9QLUo-00415-00083992-00084182 year flying
+V68stB9QLUo-00416-00084183-00084415 machine we have to do the security
+V68stB9QLUo-00417-00084416-00084575 sustainment activities to make sure that
+V68stB9QLUo-00418-00084576-00084631 those
+V68stB9QLUo-00419-00084632-00084847 aircraft remain cyber resilient cyber
+V68stB9QLUo-00420-00084848-00084950 secure
+V68stB9QLUo-00421-00084951-00085271 over that life cycle to help us
+V68stB9QLUo-00422-00085272-00085535 you know investigate that we do a lot of
+V68stB9QLUo-00423-00085536-00085775 testing and so we have a dedicated
+V68stB9QLUo-00424-00085776-00086071 secure aircraft cyber test lab this lab
+V68stB9QLUo-00425-00086072-00086175 has a
+V68stB9QLUo-00426-00086176-00086326 it's a matter of different systems that
+V68stB9QLUo-00427-00086327-00086503 we can go use to uh
+V68stB9QLUo-00428-00086504-00086679 to test but it also has reach-back
+V68stB9QLUo-00429-00086680-00086887 capability to other parts of the company
+V68stB9QLUo-00430-00086888-00087087 and different other labs whether they're
+V68stB9QLUo-00431-00087088-00087199 different configurations or other
+V68stB9QLUo-00432-00087200-00087367 systems
+V68stB9QLUo-00433-00087368-00087550 this allows us to do penetration testing
+V68stB9QLUo-00434-00087551-00087759 both in-house as well as with uh
+V68stB9QLUo-00435-00087760-00087943 you know trusted third parties that
+V68stB9QLUo-00436-00087944-00088111 we've brought on board or
+V68stB9QLUo-00437-00088112-00088367 collaborated with to go look at stuff
+V68stB9QLUo-00438-00088368-00088543 and then lastly we have these uh public
+V68stB9QLUo-00439-00088544-00088718 and private partnerships that
+V68stB9QLUo-00440-00088719-00089023 we uh i don't know you know we're only
+V68stB9QLUo-00441-00089024-00089071 as
+V68stB9QLUo-00442-00089072-00089199 as good as the folks we surround
+V68stB9QLUo-00443-00089200-00089423 ourselves and so we take a an interest
+V68stB9QLUo-00444-00089424-00089487 in
+V68stB9QLUo-00445-00089488-00089726 leading uh industry standards activities
+V68stB9QLUo-00446-00089727-00089959 working with their european counterparts
+V68stB9QLUo-00447-00089960-00090206 one of the initiatives that we're tied
+V68stB9QLUo-00448-00090207-00090287 into is a
+V68stB9QLUo-00449-00090288-00090575 aircraft cyber initiative and that's a
+V68stB9QLUo-00450-00090576-00090855 tri-chair with the faa dhs and dod and
+V68stB9QLUo-00451-00090856-00090975 working with some of those special
+V68stB9QLUo-00452-00090976-00091167 programs and then i
+V68stB9QLUo-00453-00091168-00091415 talked about the aviation ice hack and
+V68stB9QLUo-00454-00091416-00091494 that's uh
+V68stB9QLUo-00455-00091495-00091623 something that we're heavily involved
+V68stB9QLUo-00456-00091624-00091967 with
+V68stB9QLUo-00457-00091968-00092191 and so i just kind of talked about a our
+V68stB9QLUo-00458-00092192-00092382 secure lab we call that our score lab
+V68stB9QLUo-00459-00092383-00092606 and that stands for center or secure
+V68stB9QLUo-00460-00092607-00092759 center for operational research and
+V68stB9QLUo-00461-00092760-00092918 experimentation
+V68stB9QLUo-00462-00092919-00093062 we do a lot of different things in here
+V68stB9QLUo-00463-00093063-00093335 from r d to incident response
+V68stB9QLUo-00464-00093336-00093638 forensics if needed again this is just
+V68stB9QLUo-00465-00093639-00093847 one of the the capabilities that
+V68stB9QLUo-00466-00093848-00094038 you know as the airframer having access
+V68stB9QLUo-00467-00094039-00094262 to the embedded avionics the different
+V68stB9QLUo-00468-00094263-00094438 avionics buses and having all those
+V68stB9QLUo-00469-00094439-00094543 broke out
+V68stB9QLUo-00470-00094544-00094855 into a way we can uh have access to them
+V68stB9QLUo-00471-00094856-00095103 really helps with demonstrating uh you
+V68stB9QLUo-00472-00095104-00095623 know the security of the airplane
+V68stB9QLUo-00473-00095624-00095911 and again as part of that new focus on
+V68stB9QLUo-00474-00095912-00096094 i'm working together again with the
+V68stB9QLUo-00475-00096095-00096326 folks like yourselves here at defcon
+V68stB9QLUo-00476-00096327-00096543 we've stood up a vulnerability
+V68stB9QLUo-00477-00096544-00096662 disclosure
+V68stB9QLUo-00478-00096663-00096918 kind of program we didn't have one and
+V68stB9QLUo-00479-00096919-00097023 so uh
+V68stB9QLUo-00480-00097024-00097206 you know that's something we just stood
+V68stB9QLUo-00481-00097207-00097494 up uh you can see it there on the
+V68stB9QLUo-00482-00097495-00097767 url right there that helps us in you
+V68stB9QLUo-00483-00097768-00097799 know
+V68stB9QLUo-00484-00097800-00098031 folks that do responsible disclosure
+V68stB9QLUo-00485-00098032-00098199 also trying to partner with again
+V68stB9QLUo-00486-00098200-00098503 the aerospace village um and other
+V68stB9QLUo-00487-00098504-00098662 organizations that are really
+V68stB9QLUo-00488-00098663-00098918 focusing on on making a good
+V68stB9QLUo-00489-00098919-00099199 partnerships um education
+V68stB9QLUo-00490-00099200-00099382 and teaching each other you know both
+V68stB9QLUo-00491-00099383-00099559 sides of the business the aviation side
+V68stB9QLUo-00492-00099560-00099623 and the
+V68stB9QLUo-00493-00099624-00099903 security side and again those those
+V68stB9QLUo-00494-00099904-00100047 partnerships i just talked about
+V68stB9QLUo-00495-00100048-00100374 like uh the aci working with different
+V68stB9QLUo-00496-00100375-00100679 national labs um airlines consultants or
+V68stB9QLUo-00497-00100680-00100759 whatnot
+V68stB9QLUo-00498-00100760-00100982 again the goal is to to do all of this
+V68stB9QLUo-00499-00100983-00101103 work together
+V68stB9QLUo-00500-00101104-00101359 to identify new issues new gaps things
+V68stB9QLUo-00501-00101360-00101503 that maybe we didn't think about
+V68stB9QLUo-00502-00101504-00101703 so that we can make our products better
+V68stB9QLUo-00503-00101704-00102231 safer more secure
+V68stB9QLUo-00504-00102232-00102415 so speaking about a secure airplane
+V68stB9QLUo-00505-00102416-00102575 development and this uh
+V68stB9QLUo-00506-00102576-00102718 i wanted to talk about some of the
+V68stB9QLUo-00507-00102719-00102999 processes that we use to go do that
+V68stB9QLUo-00508-00103000-00103263 so we have the concept of a system
+V68stB9QLUo-00509-00103264-00103342 engineering v
+V68stB9QLUo-00510-00103343-00103534 i'm in system engineering but we focus
+V68stB9QLUo-00511-00103535-00103766 on a system security engineering fee
+V68stB9QLUo-00512-00103767-00103966 um what that really means is it's it
+V68stB9QLUo-00513-00103967-00104134 still subscribes to the same systematic
+V68stB9QLUo-00514-00104135-00104382 process for doing design and development
+V68stB9QLUo-00515-00104383-00104654 but adding those security activities on
+V68stB9QLUo-00516-00104655-00104806 as an abstraction layer on top of the
+V68stB9QLUo-00517-00104807-00104983 normal system development
+V68stB9QLUo-00518-00104983-00105239 and so what that means is you know we'll
+V68stB9QLUo-00519-00105240-00105415 do system security analysis
+V68stB9QLUo-00520-00105416-00105575 we'll make sure we'll do requirements
+V68stB9QLUo-00521-00105576-00105815 verification uh make sure that those
+V68stB9QLUo-00522-00105816-00106031 systems have all the right requirements
+V68stB9QLUo-00523-00106032-00106358 um to reduce the risks based on those
+V68stB9QLUo-00524-00106359-00106527 type of activities
+V68stB9QLUo-00525-00106528-00106775 threat modeling attack service analysis
+V68stB9QLUo-00526-00106776-00106902 similar to how we do
+V68stB9QLUo-00527-00106903-00107086 fault trees and fall hazard assessments
+V68stB9QLUo-00528-00107088-00107263 we do the same thing for security
+V68stB9QLUo-00529-00107264-00107471 through a threat tree and and looking at
+V68stB9QLUo-00530-00107472-00107807 the ander gates that could lead to a
+V68stB9QLUo-00531-00107808-00108134 security event um those all aggregate up
+V68stB9QLUo-00532-00108135-00108343 to what we do then at the airplane level
+V68stB9QLUo-00533-00108344-00108534 so we do this for each system
+V68stB9QLUo-00534-00108535-00108766 on the aircraft but then what does that
+V68stB9QLUo-00535-00108767-00108847 look like
+V68stB9QLUo-00536-00108848-00108990 you know maybe you don't have a
+V68stB9QLUo-00537-00108991-00109166 significant risk at a single system but
+V68stB9QLUo-00538-00109167-00109310 if you were to aggregate
+V68stB9QLUo-00539-00109311-00109463 all these different risks across the
+V68stB9QLUo-00540-00109464-00109686 integrated aircraft architecture
+V68stB9QLUo-00541-00109688-00109854 does your analysis change and so we do
+V68stB9QLUo-00542-00109855-00110015 it at the airplane level as well
+V68stB9QLUo-00543-00110016-00110223 and then we also do uh the testing on
+V68stB9QLUo-00544-00110224-00110351 some things you can't
+V68stB9QLUo-00545-00110352-00110534 analyze away you can't do through
+V68stB9QLUo-00546-00110535-00110686 analysis
+V68stB9QLUo-00547-00110688-00110863 and so especially when we're talking
+V68stB9QLUo-00548-00110864-00111054 about robustness and resiliency
+V68stB9QLUo-00549-00111055-00111247 we do a lot of the testing at the system
+V68stB9QLUo-00550-00111248-00111447 and aircraft level and that covers your
+V68stB9QLUo-00551-00111448-00111647 traditional requirements based testing
+V68stB9QLUo-00552-00111648-00111831 as well as that those type of more
+V68stB9QLUo-00553-00111832-00112095 invasive the penetration testing the
+V68stB9QLUo-00554-00112096-00112278 robustness and then looking for
+V68stB9QLUo-00555-00112279-00112407 vulnerabilities and
+V68stB9QLUo-00556-00112408-00112847 things that have already been documented
+V68stB9QLUo-00557-00112848-00113039 um kind of talked about the security
+V68stB9QLUo-00558-00113040-00113175 standards and there's a whole lot of
+V68stB9QLUo-00559-00113176-00113295 them in aviation
+V68stB9QLUo-00560-00113296-00113519 the top three are probably the most
+V68stB9QLUo-00561-00113520-00113631 centric to
+V68stB9QLUo-00562-00113632-00113799 aviation cyber security right now and
+V68stB9QLUo-00563-00113800-00114247 those are do 326 deal 355 and do 356 and
+V68stB9QLUo-00564-00114248-00114319 their
+V68stB9QLUo-00565-00114320-00114551 european counterparts and you're okay
+V68stB9QLUo-00566-00114552-00114639 those are all
+V68stB9QLUo-00567-00114640-00114854 centered on how to do security risk
+V68stB9QLUo-00568-00114855-00115023 assessments how to do aircraft secure
+V68stB9QLUo-00569-00115024-00115119 design
+V68stB9QLUo-00570-00115120-00115319 and actually they're going to become the
+V68stB9QLUo-00571-00115320-00115486 new methods of compliance
+V68stB9QLUo-00572-00115488-00115775 um on how to certify aircraft from a
+V68stB9QLUo-00573-00115776-00115934 security standpoint
+V68stB9QLUo-00574-00115935-00116175 i listed a couple others airing 8-1-1
+V68stB9QLUo-00575-00116176-00116295 that's a that's an odor
+V68stB9QLUo-00576-00116296-00116471 it's a little stale but still has good
+V68stB9QLUo-00577-00116472-00116639 information on it
+V68stB9QLUo-00578-00116640-00116934 but this kind of risk assessment guide
+V68stB9QLUo-00579-00116935-00117102 and risk management framework
+V68stB9QLUo-00580-00117103-00117263 although not aviation centric they're
+V68stB9QLUo-00581-00117264-00117471 still have a lot of good information
+V68stB9QLUo-00582-00117472-00117766 a couple of these are just uh specific
+V68stB9QLUo-00583-00117767-00117807 to
+V68stB9QLUo-00584-00117808-00118131 how to do uh security event logging
+V68stB9QLUo-00585-00118132-00118358 a52835 is how to do secure software
+V68stB9QLUo-00586-00118359-00118654 loading using pki and digital signatures
+V68stB9QLUo-00587-00118655-00118902 spec 42 is used within aviation as more
+V68stB9QLUo-00588-00118903-00119015 of a
+V68stB9QLUo-00589-00119016-00119207 digital information and certificate
+V68stB9QLUo-00590-00119208-00119454 policies and whatnot
+V68stB9QLUo-00591-00119455-00119678 so these are just uh again some of the
+V68stB9QLUo-00592-00119679-00119895 uh industry best standards that we use
+V68stB9QLUo-00593-00119896-00120319 to help build and design secure aircraft
+V68stB9QLUo-00594-00120320-00120478 um some of the principles that are
+V68stB9QLUo-00595-00120479-00120758 called out like in say a deal 356a
+V68stB9QLUo-00596-00120759-00121086 um and again other places uh within
+V68stB9QLUo-00597-00121088-00121183 industry um
+V68stB9QLUo-00598-00121183-00121407 are kind of listed on the slide here so
+V68stB9QLUo-00599-00121408-00121599 we do get a derived benefit from having
+V68stB9QLUo-00600-00121600-00121863 such a strong safety culture
+V68stB9QLUo-00601-00121864-00122047 that means that you know typically we
+V68stB9QLUo-00602-00122048-00122207 want to be safe by default but we're
+V68stB9QLUo-00603-00122208-00122431 working towards being secured by default
+V68stB9QLUo-00604-00122432-00122734 now these can be uh odds sometimes um so
+V68stB9QLUo-00605-00122735-00122902 there's always deconfliction and trades
+V68stB9QLUo-00606-00122903-00123054 that have to happen
+V68stB9QLUo-00607-00123055-00123271 um integrity monitoring defense and
+V68stB9QLUo-00608-00123272-00123439 depth you know
+V68stB9QLUo-00609-00123440-00123631 availability network segmentation these
+V68stB9QLUo-00610-00123632-00123743 these aren't really new
+V68stB9QLUo-00611-00123744-00123975 or these aren't specific to aviation but
+V68stB9QLUo-00612-00123976-00124095 again the principles still
+V68stB9QLUo-00613-00124096-00124407 apply to us something that i think is a
+V68stB9QLUo-00614-00124408-00124607 little more unique on aviation is
+V68stB9QLUo-00615-00124608-00124807 configuration management
+V68stB9QLUo-00616-00124808-00124983 so we have the ability to do maintenance
+V68stB9QLUo-00617-00124983-00125151 and do what we call data loading and
+V68stB9QLUo-00618-00125152-00125343 sell new software on the aircraft
+V68stB9QLUo-00619-00125344-00125558 now to protect that against misuse we
+V68stB9QLUo-00620-00125559-00125710 have a lot of different inhibits
+V68stB9QLUo-00621-00125711-00125934 and interlocks that prevent that some of
+V68stB9QLUo-00622-00125935-00126110 this is discrete logic we might use a
+V68stB9QLUo-00623-00126111-00126286 mechanical interlock
+V68stB9QLUo-00624-00126288-00126558 or an avionics label or bus like 429
+V68stB9QLUo-00625-00126559-00126702 that
+V68stB9QLUo-00626-00126703-00126831 you need to be in a certain state to
+V68stB9QLUo-00627-00126832-00127031 accomplish that we
+V68stB9QLUo-00628-00127032-00127247 do look at systems at design assurance
+V68stB9QLUo-00629-00127248-00127407 level and or their
+V68stB9QLUo-00630-00127408-00127743 criticality um as called out on d170ac
+V68stB9QLUo-00631-00127744-00127919 we also are now looking at security
+V68stB9QLUo-00632-00127920-00128102 assurance level that is caught out on
+V68stB9QLUo-00633-00128103-00128343 deal 356.
+V68stB9QLUo-00634-00128344-00128519 and then access control authentication
+V68stB9QLUo-00635-00128520-00128671 lease privilege again these aren't these
+V68stB9QLUo-00636-00128672-00128839 aren't unique to aviation but we're
+V68stB9QLUo-00637-00128840-00128999 still leveraging um
+V68stB9QLUo-00638-00129000-00129478 the best we can
+V68stB9QLUo-00639-00129479-00129814 and then just a plug to the the ai sac
+V68stB9QLUo-00640-00129815-00129951 the aviation information sharing and
+V68stB9QLUo-00641-00129952-00130110 analysis center i kind of talked to them
+V68stB9QLUo-00642-00130111-00130183 a little
+V68stB9QLUo-00643-00130183-00130471 bit before but again when we're talking
+V68stB9QLUo-00644-00130472-00130607 cyber security and we're talking an
+V68stB9QLUo-00645-00130608-00130743 industry like this where
+V68stB9QLUo-00646-00130744-00130958 this has such a global impact right if
+V68stB9QLUo-00647-00130959-00131054 you have
+V68stB9QLUo-00648-00131055-00131343 say uh an aircraft was to get hacked or
+V68stB9QLUo-00649-00131344-00131543 have some major issues you would need to
+V68stB9QLUo-00650-00131544-00131647 know that because that
+V68stB9QLUo-00651-00131648-00131839 could propagate through a fleet of
+V68stB9QLUo-00652-00131840-00132071 aircraft across the world and so
+V68stB9QLUo-00653-00132072-00132271 to help mitigate that again we're part
+V68stB9QLUo-00654-00132272-00132463 of the aviation ice act we helped stand
+V68stB9QLUo-00655-00132464-00132590 that up
+V68stB9QLUo-00656-00132591-00132847 we engage regularly with both airline
+V68stB9QLUo-00657-00132848-00133047 customers our supply base
+V68stB9QLUo-00658-00133048-00133319 other industry and government partners
+V68stB9QLUo-00659-00133320-00133439 again to
+V68stB9QLUo-00660-00133440-00133654 collectively build a better and more
+V68stB9QLUo-00661-00133655-00134095 secure industry
+V68stB9QLUo-00662-00134096-00134447 and so just a couple more slides here
+V68stB9QLUo-00663-00134448-00134663 so managing ongoing risk i talked about
+V68stB9QLUo-00664-00134664-00134766 us about
+V68stB9QLUo-00665-00134767-00135127 doing tabletops we tend to do this
+V68stB9QLUo-00666-00135128-00135375 uh through multiple iterations whether
+V68stB9QLUo-00667-00135376-00135447 it's a
+V68stB9QLUo-00668-00135448-00135607 existing system that's been out there
+V68stB9QLUo-00669-00135608-00135823 for a while or our new system that we
+V68stB9QLUo-00670-00135824-00136071 want to bring online but essentially we
+V68stB9QLUo-00671-00136072-00136190 want to bring the right people and
+V68stB9QLUo-00672-00136191-00136366 stakeholders together get
+V68stB9QLUo-00673-00136367-00136583 different views and what that really
+V68stB9QLUo-00674-00136584-00136887 means understand what our threats are
+V68stB9QLUo-00675-00136888-00137127 what do we need to do in the future to
+V68stB9QLUo-00676-00137128-00137231 you know to build more
+V68stB9QLUo-00677-00137232-00137463 resilient aircraft and so that's really
+V68stB9QLUo-00678-00137464-00137559 pushing us towards
+V68stB9QLUo-00679-00137560-00137775 again getting folks aware of why cyber
+V68stB9QLUo-00680-00137776-00137943 security on aircraft matter
+V68stB9QLUo-00681-00137944-00138119 and building that new cyber security
+V68stB9QLUo-00682-00138120-00138463 culture
+V68stB9QLUo-00683-00138464-00138719 so in summary you know just uh want to
+V68stB9QLUo-00684-00138720-00138799 folks understand
+V68stB9QLUo-00685-00138800-00139087 within uh communities like this is that
+V68stB9QLUo-00686-00139088-00139271 we don't just stick stuff on an aircraft
+V68stB9QLUo-00687-00139272-00139343 we actually
+V68stB9QLUo-00688-00139344-00139495 spend a lot of time looking at cyber
+V68stB9QLUo-00689-00139496-00139702 security and it needs and it's looked at
+V68stB9QLUo-00690-00139703-00139878 across the ecosystem
+V68stB9QLUo-00691-00139879-00140039 we're leveraging you know the industry
+V68stB9QLUo-00692-00140040-00140287 best standards and practices
+V68stB9QLUo-00693-00140288-00140590 we embed security throughout them
+V68stB9QLUo-00694-00140591-00140807 secure throughout the entire product
+V68stB9QLUo-00695-00140808-00141023 development life cycle
+V68stB9QLUo-00696-00141024-00141278 one of the ways that we help to be more
+V68stB9QLUo-00697-00141279-00141359 secure is
+V68stB9QLUo-00698-00141360-00141543 you know collaboration with our
+V68stB9QLUo-00699-00141544-00141671 stakeholders um
+V68stB9QLUo-00700-00141672-00141790 because that's really the way that we
+V68stB9QLUo-00701-00141791-00142007 can reduce risk collectively
+V68stB9QLUo-00702-00142008-00142207 we do take a proactive stance on
+V68stB9QLUo-00703-00142208-00142335 managing ongoing risk
+V68stB9QLUo-00704-00142336-00142623 and so you know it just doesn't happen
+V68stB9QLUo-00705-00142624-00142775 by itself
+V68stB9QLUo-00706-00142776-00142951 cyber safety cyber security and cyber
+V68stB9QLUo-00707-00142952-00143126 resiliency are key principles within
+V68stB9QLUo-00708-00143127-00143295 boeing
+V68stB9QLUo-00709-00143296-00143463 and ultimately the message i want to
+V68stB9QLUo-00710-00143464-00143647 share with with the folks here at
+V68stB9QLUo-00711-00143648-00143823 defcon and aerospace village is we want
+V68stB9QLUo-00712-00143824-00143959 to proactively work with you we want to
+V68stB9QLUo-00713-00143960-00144087 work with the researchers
+V68stB9QLUo-00714-00144088-00144207 i want to work with folks that are
+V68stB9QLUo-00715-00144208-00144390 interested in making the industry better
+V68stB9QLUo-00716-00144391-00144543 and more secure
+V68stB9QLUo-00717-00144544-00144711 and so i'm hopefully this gave you a
+V68stB9QLUo-00718-00144712-00144854 little bit of insight into
+V68stB9QLUo-00719-00144855-00145183 how boeing is it's managing a secure
+V68stB9QLUo-00720-00145184-00145383 life cycle and
+V68stB9QLUo-00721-00145384-00145551 going forward hope to work with y'all
+V68stB9QLUo-00722-00145552-00145719 someday soon
+V68stB9QLUo-00723-00145720-00145919 thanks for watching and we'll talk to
+V68stB9QLUo-00724-00145920-00146591 you later
+Vq9a0tpZ1WM-00000-00000182-00000721 a happy happy party
+Vq9a0tpZ1WM-00001-00000722-00001066 hello Jam talk friends let's learn the
+Vq9a0tpZ1WM-00002-00001067-00001445 alphabet a this is Big A
+Vq9a0tpZ1WM-00003-00001446-00001859 this is small a let's learn the sound of
+Vq9a0tpZ1WM-00004-00001860-00002334 letter a short a sounds like
+Vq9a0tpZ1WM-00005-00002335-00002825 an alligator has an apple cake an ant
+Vq9a0tpZ1WM-00006-00002826-00003336 has an apple pie a rat has Apple Juice
+Vq9a0tpZ1WM-00007-00003338-00004045 happy happy party alligator
+Vq9a0tpZ1WM-00008-00004046-00004156 Apple
+Vq9a0tpZ1WM-00009-00004157-00004909 [Music]
+Vq9a0tpZ1WM-00010-00004910-00005357 an angel eighth grade cake
+Vq9a0tpZ1WM-00011-00005358-00005761 [Music]
+Vq9a0tpZ1WM-00012-00005762-00006642 grape juice great great party a a angel
+Vq9a0tpZ1WM-00013-00006643-00006834 ape
+Vq9a0tpZ1WM-00014-00006836-00007342 a a grape
+Vq9a0tpZ1WM-00015-00007343-00007476 foreign
+Vq9a0tpZ1WM-00016-00007477-00009796 [Music]
+Vq9a0tpZ1WM-00017-00009797-00010073 [Music]
+Vq9a0tpZ1WM-00018-00010074-00010314 angel
+Vq9a0tpZ1WM-00019-00010315-00011197 [Music]
+Vq9a0tpZ1WM-00020-00011198-00012685 [Music]
+Vq9a0tpZ1WM-00021-00012686-00013068 a a grape
+Vq9a0tpZ1WM-00022-00013069-00013241 [Music]
+Vq9a0tpZ1WM-00023-00013241-00013391 thank you
+Vq9a0tpZ1WM-00024-00013393-00014014 [Music]
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00000-00000295-00000601 welcome to lesson one getting to know
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00001-00000602-00000919 the work area the objective of this
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00002-00000921-00001279 lesson is to be able to move around
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00003-00001280-00001939 Photoshop navigate open files save files
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00004-00001939-00002500 close files and of course how to open
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00005-00002501-00002954 your lesson files let's get started we
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00006-00002955-00003293 are going to go ahead and open Photoshop
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00007-00003294-00003527 by going to I'm using a Windows machine
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00008-00003528-00003815 by going to start and navigating to
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00009-00003815-00004838 Photoshop once Photoshop loads the first
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00010-00004839-00005135 time it opens will require you to log in
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00011-00005136-00005468 with your created user name and ID when
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00012-00005469-00005756 you subscribe to Photoshop after that
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00013-00005757-00005959 Photoshop will remember these settings
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00014-00005960-00006320 and will open without you having to log
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00015-00006321-00006873 in every time in order to open the
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00016-00006875-00007510 documents we can go file open navigate
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00017-00007511-00007784 to where you downloaded the files from
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00018-00007784-00008326 lesson 1 which is in my case the desktop
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00019-00008327-00008860 Photoshop lesson files lesson 1 notice
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00020-00008861-00009101 that there's two files one is the start
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00021-00009102-00009395 file one is an ED file if you want to
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00022-00009396-00009731 see what the files will look like click
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00023-00009732-00010091 on start and open up afterwards open up
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00024-00010092-00010256 the end file and you can see the
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00025-00010257-00010789 beginning and end since we are talking
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00026-00010790-00011369 about navigating Photoshop the file we
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00027-00011370-00011695 open is irrelevant because lesson 1 will
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00028-00011696-00012053 not have a due date and does not require
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00029-00012054-00012367 anything for you to turn in the one
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00030-00012368-00012688 thing I do require is for you to be able
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00031-00012689-00013105 to open Photoshop and look around in
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00032-00013106-00013221 looking
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00033-00013222-00013629 around you'll see we have the tools
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00034-00013630-00014085 panel on the left-hand side notice the
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00035-00014086-00014433 tool panel has singular tools going up
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00036-00014434-00014744 and down notice the little side-to-side
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00037-00014744-00015163 icon which will make the tool panel
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00038-00015165-00015807 expand notice each tool has a small
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00039-00015808-00016413 little triangle at the bottom right
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00040-00016414-00016749 corner this little triangle indicates
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00041-00016750-00017193 there is more tools underneath that can
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00042-00017194-00017778 be viewed for instance the crop tool if
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00043-00017779-00018054 you click on a little triangle you'll
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00044-00018055-00018369 notice there's this slicer tool this
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00045-00018370-00018672 perspective crop tool the crop tool and
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00046-00018673-00019254 the slicer select tool sometimes in
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00047-00019255-00019662 using photoshop the tools can be hidden
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00048-00019663-00020222 or if you used the last tool for
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00049-00020223-00020361 instance the lasso tool
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00050-00020362-00020661 let's say you switched it to magnetic
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00051-00020662-00020969 lasso tool from then on it's going to
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00052-00020970-00021237 show a magnetic lasso tool and when
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00053-00021238-00021462 you're looking for a regular lasso tool
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00054-00021463-00021960 you will not be able to see it go ahead
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00055-00021961-00022250 and click the triangle again and select
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00056-00022251-00023339 the lasso tool furthermore we have a
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00057-00023340-00023631 different panel on the right-hand right
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00058-00023632-00023972 hand side this panel is customizable
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00059-00023973-00024716 based on the type of workspace you use
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00060-00024717-00025239 so we have swatches and different
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00061-00025240-00025765 patterns and library files adjustments
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00062-00025766-00026112 and
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00063-00026113-00026527 laterz channels and paths don't worry
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00064-00026528-00026746 about remembering all of this the most
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00065-00026747-00027037 important thing right now is to know
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00066-00027038-00027251 that these can be moved around and
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00067-00027252-00027668 adjusted these are your tools they can
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00068-00027669-00028027 also be moved around and adjusted and
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00069-00028027-00028980 this right here is the tools option menu
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00070-00028981-00029533 option bar based on the tool you select
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00071-00029533-00030032 this menu bar will change you'll have
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00072-00030033-00030377 different options available based on the
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00073-00030377-00030680 tool for instance if you select the text
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00074-00030681-00031345 tool you'll notice the option menu has
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00075-00031346-00032051 changed let me go ahead and select the
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00076-00032052-00032371 zoom tool notice if you don't know which
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00077-00032372-00032648 one is the zoom tool if you take your
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00078-00032649-00032870 cursor and you hover over each
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00079-00032871-00033179 individual tool they'll tell you what
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00080-00033180-00033418 the tool does and how to operate the
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00081-00033419-00033782 tool if you hover over the zoom tool
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00082-00033783-00034480 notice the pop up box a zoom tool now
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00083-00034481-00034810 you can select my left click left
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00084-00034811-00035224 pressing and dragging on the rose and
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00085-00035225-00036080 zooming in notice our zoom ratio is on
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00086-00036081-00036361 the bottom left hand side and it says we
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00087-00036362-00036674 zoomed in twelve thousand eight hundred
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00088-00036675-00037174 percent let's go back and zoom back out
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00089-00037175-00037592 to a hundred percent notice the window
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00090-00037593-00038198 is still not the image is still not
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00091-00038199-00038687 fully viewable
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00092-00038688-00039192 so in order to see the full workspace we
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00093-00039193-00039702 can hit fullscreen or actually we can
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00094-00039703-00040032 hit fit screen notice the entire
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00095-00040033-00040434 workspace is now visible and the image
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00096-00040435-00041226 is at 63 percent honestly I never used
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00097-00041227-00041640 the zoom tool because when I'm working
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00098-00041641-00042012 with Photoshop I'm using the selection
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00099-00042013-00042312 tool or the paintbrush tool or the crop
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00100-00042313-00042726 tool and the way i zoom in is let's say
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00101-00042727-00043122 I want to zoom in to this portion of the
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00102-00043123-00043484 image containing these purple flowers I
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00103-00043485-00043970 hit the Alt key i position my cursor on
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00104-00043971-00044355 through these flowers and I scroll up
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00105-00044356-00045081 with my mouse wheel answers aloud scroll
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00106-00045082-00045360 down if you want to zoom into the middle
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00107-00045361-00045768 of this rose hold the Alt key and scroll
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00108-00045769-00046650 up scroll back out to zoom out so I
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00109-00046651-00047037 never actually use or very seldomly use
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00110-00047038-00047958 the zoom tool icon the other tool I want
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00111-00047959-00048360 to introduce you to is actually the menu
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00112-00048361-00048783 bar the menu bar has very common
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00113-00048784-00048930 features that you'll find in most
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00114-00048931-00049518 applications for instance new image
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00115-00049519-00049824 working on a new image save an image
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00116-00049825-00050322 save as an image export the image print
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00117-00050323-00051007 an image open an image close an image
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00118-00051008-00051411 let's my pastor edit image layers type
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00119-00051412-00051896 select filter 3d view options and let's
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00120-00051897-00052279 go ahead and land on the window option
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00121-00052280-00052688 the window option allows you to
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00122-00052689-00053085 customize the window you're currently
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00123-00053086-00053375 using right now we are using something
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00124-00053376-00053610 called workspace essentials
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00125-00053611-00053861 notice the check mark right next to
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00126-00053862-00054141 workspace essentials if what we're doing
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00127-00054141-00054650 is more related to photography we can
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00128-00054651-00054937 select the pre selection workspace
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00129-00054938-00055307 photography and notice our workspace
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00130-00055308-00055590 changed notice now we have a histogram
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00131-00055591-00056141 and we have slightly different tools and
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00132-00056142-00056478 slightly different options again we can
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00133-00056479-00056879 go to windows go to workspace and select
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00134-00056879-00057173 let's say we're working with 3d graphics
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00135-00057174-00057680 we can select 3d some of the tools have
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00136-00057681-00058211 changed and of course our panel on the
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00137-00058212-00058509 right hand side has changed as well to
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00138-00058510-00058815 reflect more common tools and options
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00139-00058816-00059080 used by photography for 3d designers
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00140-00059081-00059624 notice it says 3d mode let's go back to
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00141-00059625-00060453 essentials now you can customize your
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00142-00060454-00061166 own photoshop for instance I don't want
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00143-00061167-00061710 to particularly see the learn items so I
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00144-00061711-00062154 can't close the learn items libraries
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00145-00062154-00062628 let's close it for now just have to find
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00146-00062629-00062991 a close button adjustments I like but I
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00147-00062991-00063240 don't want to adjustments here on top I
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00148-00063241-00063554 want to move them down I'm left click on
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00149-00063555-00063893 the left dragging to where I want the
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00150-00063894-00064562 adjustments to be
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00151-00064563-00065075 notice I just resized my tool panel by
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00152-00065076-00065823 slowly dragging this bar right here did
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00153-00065824-00067175 you see I can also slowly mouse over
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00154-00067176-00067559 until my cursor changes from a pointer
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00155-00067560-00067932 to a two-headed arrow and I can resize
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00156-00067933-00068430 the color palette I like to have the
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00157-00068431-00068706 most possible space for layers as
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00158-00068707-00068991 possible and you'll know why in an
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00159-00068992-00069642 upcoming lesson now that we customized
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00160-00069643-00070049 this we can save this customization
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00161-00070050-00070656 under windows workspace and we can go
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00162-00070657-00071739 right down to new workspace and give
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00163-00071740-00071967 this a name I'm going to call this
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00164-00071968-00072962 workspace Vlad's workspace I can save
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00165-00072963-00073290 keyboard shortcuts menus and toolbars
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00166-00073291-00073581 I'm gonna I haven't changed any
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00167-00073582-00073842 shortcuts so I'm just gonna hit menus
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00168-00073843-00074300 and toolbars and click Save
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00169-00074301-00074661 so now let me show you something else
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00170-00074662-00075324 let's say you moved around whole bunch
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00171-00075325-00075849 of items and your workspace kinda looks
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00172-00075850-00076440 crazy and you got things all over your
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00173-00076441-00076958 workspace
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00174-00076959-00077267 to get back to your normal workspace if
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00175-00077268-00077633 you go to Windows and like now we're
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00176-00077634-00077826 working with workspace
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00177-00077827-00078263 Vlad's workspace we can go to reset
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00178-00078264-00078590 Vlad's workspace and I'll go back to the
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00179-00078591-00079163 way it was if you are working in any of
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00180-00079164-00079349 these other workspaces let's say
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00181-00079350-00079955 essentials and you modified things you
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00182-00079956-00080236 can always go to Windows workspace and
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00183-00080237-00080900 reset workspace now if you're working
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00184-00080901-00081131 with Photoshop and you adjusted some
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00185-00081132-00081430 settings on the profiles under settings
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00186-00081431-00081812 preferences settings general and you
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00187-00081813-00082136 adjust a lot of settings in here which
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00188-00082137-00082403 is not part of your workspace profile
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00189-00082404-00082787 and you want to reset all of that back
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00190-00082788-00083174 to factory default there's a small trick
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00191-00083175-00083729 you need to learn the trick is just
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00192-00083730-00084284 before you click on Photoshop to lunch
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00193-00084285-00084862 it position your hands on ctrl alt shift
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00194-00084863-00085211 don't press yet anything yet just be
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00195-00085212-00085523 ready to press so as soon as I double
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00196-00085524-00085877 click or click on Adobe Photoshop 20/20
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00197-00085878-00086231 I will instantly press ctrl alt shift
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00198-00086232-00086615 and if I'm fast enough you will see a
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00199-00086616-00086981 message appear do I want to reset
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00200-00086982-00087560 Photoshop to default let's try it there
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00201-00087561-00087947 we go Adobe Photoshop message came up it
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00202-00087948-00088217 says delete the Adobe Photoshop settings
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00203-00088218-00088766 and file if I click yes everything is
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00204-00088767-00088969 reset to default as if you just
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00205-00088970-00089381 installed photoshop and photoshop opens
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00206-00089382-00089825 up let's see if Vlad's workspace is
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00207-00089826-00090226 still there
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00208-00090227-00091088 notice my workspace is still here but
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00209-00091089-00091316 all the settings for all the tools and
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00210-00091317-00091643 all the Preferences and all the shortcut
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00211-00091644-00092456 keys have been reset to default the
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00212-00092457-00092618 other thing I want you to pay attention
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00213-00092619-00093188 to is when you open an image file open
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00214-00093189-00093685 navigate to where your image is file
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00215-00093686-00094340 open I want to navigate on your computer
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00216-00094341-00094829 and go to desktop and go to photoshop
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00217-00094830-00095552 lesson files lesson one start notice on
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00218-00095553-00096017 the bottom you have some properties
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00219-00096018-00096260 pertaining to the image it gives you the
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00220-00096261-00096485 image pixel size it gives you the image
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00221-00096486-00097181 size this you can use to increase and
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00222-00097182-00097832 decrease the image you can also see
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00223-00097833-00098192 document size document profile and other
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00224-00098193-00098717 options let's look at document size now
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00225-00098718-00099263 we can see the document itself is 3.8 5
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00226-00099264-00100067 mega megabytes in size document profile
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00227-00100068-00100478 this document is in RGB which stands for
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00228-00100479-00100937 red green and blue spectrum and it gives
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00229-00100938-00101402 you other items of interest I'm going to
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00230-00101403-00102271 leave it in document size
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00231-00102272-00102758 if you look at the document size of the
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00232-00102759-00103054 document that is currently less than one
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00233-00103055-00103334 start file which is right here start
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00234-00103335-00103942 file you'll notice that the document is
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00235-00103943-00104384 7777 kilobytes otherwise known as seven
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00236-00104385-00104801 point seven eight megabytes if you look
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00237-00104802-00105089 at the size of the document that is
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00238-00105090-00105410 closely resembles the size in megabytes
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00239-00105411-00105972 seven point six seven the other thing I
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00240-00105973-00106586 want you to be aware of is the hovering
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00241-00106587-00106782 and I think I covered a few minutes ago
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00242-00106783-00107022 when you cover on something when you
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00243-00107023-00107282 hover on an element without pressing a
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00244-00107283-00107759 tooltip will come up and say what that
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00245-00107760-00108185 button is done or dots for instance I'll
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00246-00108186-00108495 hover over this home looking button it
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00247-00108496-00108862 says home which takes you back to
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00248-00108863-00109569 initial document I can click on back to
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00249-00109570-00110066 go back to my workspace that will
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00250-00110067-00110819 conclude my portion of this lesson
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00251-00110820-00111396 please do the work in lesson 1 to better
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00252-00111397-00111704 acquaint yourself with Photoshop and
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00253-00111705-00112085 some of the tools we will be using some
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00254-00112086-00112510 of these tools later on in our lessons
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00255-00112511-00112862 nothing is due for this lesson at this
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00256-00112863-00113327 time but please practice and complete
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00257-00113328-00113673 the lesson on your own time thank you
+VqGCI8N8XrE-00258-00113674-00114041 and I'll see you next week
+VqOxmO-3WkA-00000-00000762-00003749 you
+VqOxmO-3WkA-00001-00003750-00003793 you
+VqOxmO-3WkA-00004-00013172-00013788 [Music]
+VqOxmO-3WkA-00005-00013788-00015469 [Music]
+VqOxmO-3WkA-00006-00015471-00015760 [Music]
+VqOxmO-3WkA-00007-00015761-00015971 [Applause]
+VqOxmO-3WkA-00010-00030213-00030827 [Music]
+VqOxmO-3WkA-00011-00030829-00032530 [Music]
+VqOxmO-3WkA-00012-00032531-00032868 [Music]
+VuQYa5G93kI-00000-00000215-00000943 foreign
+VuQYa5G93kI-00001-00000944-00001300 ERS and on behalf of JSA thank you for
+VuQYa5G93kI-00002-00001301-00001547 tuning in for a special Earth Day
+VuQYa5G93kI-00003-00001548-00001943 edition of JSL virtual round tables
+VuQYa5G93kI-00004-00001944-00002297 featuring today's topic renewable and
+VuQYa5G93kI-00005-00002298-00002692 clean energy solutions to cut carbon in
+VuQYa5G93kI-00006-00002693-00002837 the data center
+VuQYa5G93kI-00007-00002838-00003071 today is also very exciting and notable
+VuQYa5G93kI-00008-00003072-00003347 here at JSA as this morning we
+VuQYa5G93kI-00009-00003347-00003622 officially announced the second book
+VuQYa5G93kI-00010-00003623-00003870 installment of our Amazon
+VuQYa5G93kI-00011-00003871-00004115 best-selling Greener data book series
+VuQYa5G93kI-00012-00004116-00004481 that will make its fabulous debut next
+VuQYa5G93kI-00013-00004482-00004693 year on Earth Day
+VuQYa5G93kI-00014-00004694-00005075 2024 and in addition we have also
+VuQYa5G93kI-00015-00005076-00005386 launched our official call for authors
+VuQYa5G93kI-00016-00005387-00005611 so head on over to
+VuQYa5G93kI-00017-00005612-00005968 greenerdata.net for more info and while
+VuQYa5G93kI-00018-00005969-00006172 you're there be sure to check out
+VuQYa5G93kI-00019-00006173-00006496 chapter one with top industry thought
+VuQYa5G93kI-00020-00006497-00006731 leaders including
+VuQYa5G93kI-00021-00006731-00007042 Susanna Cass with info Prime
+VuQYa5G93kI-00022-00007043-00007391 Dean Nelson with eye Masons
+VuQYa5G93kI-00023-00007392-00007787 Vicki Warden CEO of Green Building
+VuQYa5G93kI-00024-00007788-00007991 initiative
+VuQYa5G93kI-00025-00007992-00008537 Sean Novak CSO of n0 and Patricia Stamos
+VuQYa5G93kI-00026-00008538-00008885 of equinix and a special thank you to
+VuQYa5G93kI-00027-00008886-00009346 Mary Allen of insight as a service
+VuQYa5G93kI-00028-00009347-00009521 well now that I've made that incredible
+VuQYa5G93kI-00029-00009522-00009881 announcement on behalf of JSA let's add
+VuQYa5G93kI-00030-00009882-00010181 some housekeeping before we begin
+VuQYa5G93kI-00031-00010182-00010613 our first 100 registrations today have
+VuQYa5G93kI-00032-00010614-00010787 now received lunch delivered to their
+VuQYa5G93kI-00033-00010788-00011074 door or a gift card so please enjoy on
+VuQYa5G93kI-00034-00011075-00011273 behalf of the JSA family
+VuQYa5G93kI-00035-00011274-00011441 and if you weren't one of our first
+VuQYa5G93kI-00036-00011442-00011705 hopefully next time
+VuQYa5G93kI-00037-00011706-00011921 we do want to hear from you and make
+VuQYa5G93kI-00038-00011922-00012214 this Roundtable experience as
+VuQYa5G93kI-00039-00012215-00012406 interactive as possible
+VuQYa5G93kI-00040-00012407-00012653 so please go ahead and add any questions
+VuQYa5G93kI-00041-00012654-00012971 you might have into the chat and our
+VuQYa5G93kI-00042-00012972-00013180 panelists will get to those if they have
+VuQYa5G93kI-00043-00013181-00013535 time or simply just stick around once
+VuQYa5G93kI-00044-00013536-00013775 our Round Table is over today and you
+VuQYa5G93kI-00045-00013776-00014071 can join our virtual networking tables
+VuQYa5G93kI-00046-00014072-00014363 immediately following for a unique
+VuQYa5G93kI-00047-00014363-00014729 opportunity to talk face to face with
+VuQYa5G93kI-00048-00014730-00015047 the speakers and other attendees just
+VuQYa5G93kI-00049-00015047-00015371 simply join a lounge table and the
+VuQYa5G93kI-00050-00015372-00015575 networking will begin
+VuQYa5G93kI-00051-00015576-00015851 all right so let's get this Earth Day
+VuQYa5G93kI-00052-00015852-00016144 virtual Round Table show started
+VuQYa5G93kI-00053-00016145-00016397 we're going to begin by going around the
+VuQYa5G93kI-00054-00016398-00016571 virtual Round Table uh for some
+VuQYa5G93kI-00055-00016572-00016733 introductions
+VuQYa5G93kI-00056-00016734-00017111 we have Jeff Barber he is the VP of
+VuQYa5G93kI-00057-00017112-00017279 global data centers
+VuQYa5G93kI-00058-00017280-00017500 for Bloom Energy
+VuQYa5G93kI-00059-00017501-00017794 it's got Hannah the chief Revenue
+VuQYa5G93kI-00060-00017795-00018413 officer at cumulus data anad Ramesh SVP
+VuQYa5G93kI-00061-00018414-00018808 of advanced Tech at Edge connects the
+VuQYa5G93kI-00062-00018809-00019091 song Nasir data center Advanced
+VuQYa5G93kI-00063-00019092-00019408 development team for Microsoft and
+VuQYa5G93kI-00064-00019409-00019722 Sindhu Sharma head of sustainability
+VuQYa5G93kI-00065-00019723-00020014 nextra at Airtel
+VuQYa5G93kI-00066-00020015-00020255 gentlemen thank you so much for joining
+VuQYa5G93kI-00067-00020256-00020399 us today
+VuQYa5G93kI-00068-00020400-00020675 and we'll Circle back around and let you
+VuQYa5G93kI-00069-00020676-00020957 guys have the opportunity to introduce
+VuQYa5G93kI-00070-00020958-00021179 yourself a little bit further and tell
+VuQYa5G93kI-00071-00021180-00021419 us what you're doing in terms of
+VuQYa5G93kI-00072-00021420-00021719 renewable and clean energy Jeff we'll
+VuQYa5G93kI-00073-00021720-00021863 start with you
+VuQYa5G93kI-00074-00021864-00022121 great thank you Buffy appreciate it as
+VuQYa5G93kI-00075-00022122-00022397 Bobby said I'm Jeff Barber I'm the VP of
+VuQYa5G93kI-00076-00022398-00022649 uh global data center sales for Bloom
+VuQYa5G93kI-00077-00022650-00022889 Energy based out of California but today
+VuQYa5G93kI-00078-00022890-00023086 I'm sitting in beautiful Dublin Ireland
+VuQYa5G93kI-00079-00023087-00023321 a place where they uh they definitely
+VuQYa5G93kI-00080-00023322-00023591 have some power constraints uh much much
+VuQYa5G93kI-00081-00023592-00023855 worse than we see elsewhere
+VuQYa5G93kI-00082-00023856-00024136 um so what is Bloom Energy doing Bloom
+VuQYa5G93kI-00083-00024137-00024257 Energy is
+VuQYa5G93kI-00084-00024258-00024478 green energy so as a company we
+VuQYa5G93kI-00085-00024479-00024658 definitely walk the walk and talk the
+VuQYa5G93kI-00086-00024659-00024761 talk
+VuQYa5G93kI-00087-00024762-00024964 um most of us don't even Carry business
+VuQYa5G93kI-00088-00024965-00025241 cards because we're we like to like to
+VuQYa5G93kI-00089-00025242-00025385 cut the paper
+VuQYa5G93kI-00090-00025386-00025684 um so Bloom provides uh much Greener
+VuQYa5G93kI-00091-00025685-00025931 energy than most of the utilities on the
+VuQYa5G93kI-00092-00025932-00026194 planet uh through the use of solid oxide
+VuQYa5G93kI-00093-00026195-00026329 fuel cells
+VuQYa5G93kI-00094-00026330-00026620 they are essentially hydrogen fuel cells
+VuQYa5G93kI-00095-00026622-00026974 today however we're able to extract the
+VuQYa5G93kI-00096-00026975-00027251 hydrogen from natural gas or biogas or a
+VuQYa5G93kI-00097-00027252-00027508 blend of any of those gases and and use
+VuQYa5G93kI-00098-00027510-00027737 them to create electrons for on-site
+VuQYa5G93kI-00099-00027738-00027946 power generation so
+VuQYa5G93kI-00100-00027947-00028162 um you know the green energy initiatives
+VuQYa5G93kI-00101-00028163-00028367 in the data center are are right up our
+VuQYa5G93kI-00102-00028368-00028529 alley so yeah very excited to be here
+VuQYa5G93kI-00103-00028530-00028727 thanks again Buffy
+VuQYa5G93kI-00104-00028727-00028901 and Nikki Jeff
+VuQYa5G93kI-00105-00028902-00029152 Scott
+VuQYa5G93kI-00106-00029154-00029362 hey everybody Scott Hannah I'm the chief
+VuQYa5G93kI-00107-00029363-00029687 Revenue officer for cumulus data
+VuQYa5G93kI-00108-00029688-00029908 um wholly owned subsidiary of Talon
+VuQYa5G93kI-00109-00029910-00030364 energy we are building a data center
+VuQYa5G93kI-00110-00030366-00030623 campus directly connected to our nuclear
+VuQYa5G93kI-00111-00030624-00030857 power plant in northeast Pennsylvania
+VuQYa5G93kI-00112-00030858-00031193 or we'll have 475 megawatts of carbon
+VuQYa5G93kI-00113-00031194-00031462 free Power the first building is
+VuQYa5G93kI-00114-00031463-00031799 constructed at 300 000 square feet
+VuQYa5G93kI-00115-00031800-00032057 um we intend it you know very attractive
+VuQYa5G93kI-00116-00032058-00032320 probably to hyperscale clients
+VuQYa5G93kI-00117-00032322-00032440 um but
+VuQYa5G93kI-00118-00032441-00032651 um you know we're we're passionate about
+VuQYa5G93kI-00119-00032652-00032933 uh the the ESG goals and the you know
+VuQYa5G93kI-00120-00032934-00033167 the use of carbon free Power
+VuQYa5G93kI-00121-00033168-00033346 um so I think we're you know we're kind
+VuQYa5G93kI-00122-00033347-00033605 of a first mover in this um it's
+VuQYa5G93kI-00123-00033606-00033977 directly connected to uh two reactors so
+VuQYa5G93kI-00124-00033978-00034157 it's behind the grid
+VuQYa5G93kI-00125-00034158-00034402 um so it's not going out onto the you
+VuQYa5G93kI-00126-00034403-00034607 know the typical energy grid that most
+VuQYa5G93kI-00127-00034608-00035087 data centers uh pull from so we um yeah
+VuQYa5G93kI-00128-00035088-00035231 we're happy to be here and thanks for
+VuQYa5G93kI-00129-00035232-00035446 having us
+VuQYa5G93kI-00130-00035447-00035659 and we are so happy to have you as well
+VuQYa5G93kI-00131-00035660-00036124 and let's move on to a knot
+VuQYa5G93kI-00132-00036125-00036340 uh thanks for the intro Buffy so I'm
+VuQYa5G93kI-00133-00036341-00036605 Anand Ramesh as uh as Buffy mentioned
+VuQYa5G93kI-00134-00036606-00036796 and I look at Advanced Technologies for
+VuQYa5G93kI-00135-00036797-00037012 rajconnects uh so Edge connects is a
+VuQYa5G93kI-00136-00037013-00037205 hyper local to hyperscale Data Center
+VuQYa5G93kI-00137-00037206-00037396 provider
+VuQYa5G93kI-00138-00037397-00037696 um so we've uh We've sort of had a I
+VuQYa5G93kI-00139-00037697-00037835 would say a long and fruitful Journey
+VuQYa5G93kI-00140-00037836-00038111 with uh sustainability in general
+VuQYa5G93kI-00141-00038112-00038345 um so we've been doing things like uh
+VuQYa5G93kI-00142-00038346-00038543 sort of zero in order Ambitions using
+VuQYa5G93kI-00143-00038544-00038879 renewable energy credits as uh well as
+VuQYa5G93kI-00144-00038880-00039179 the sort of latest Focus for us is 24 7
+VuQYa5G93kI-00145-00039180-00039461 carbon free energy so we have a pilot
+VuQYa5G93kI-00146-00039462-00039599 that we wrote about
+VuQYa5G93kI-00147-00039600-00039845 um at our Houston data center and that's
+VuQYa5G93kI-00148-00039846-00040012 a direction that we're pretty excited
+VuQYa5G93kI-00149-00040013-00040283 about given many of our large customers
+VuQYa5G93kI-00150-00040284-00040571 are also sort of embracing that trend so
+VuQYa5G93kI-00151-00040572-00040721 that's a little bit about me and the
+VuQYa5G93kI-00152-00040722-00040865 company
+VuQYa5G93kI-00153-00040866-00041045 thank you
+VuQYa5G93kI-00154-00041046-00041285 son
+VuQYa5G93kI-00155-00041286-00041723 thank you Buffy for the introduction my
+VuQYa5G93kI-00156-00041724-00042107 name is Essa Nasser I I am leading
+VuQYa5G93kI-00157-00042108-00042490 energy and energy storage activities in
+VuQYa5G93kI-00158-00042491-00042851 research and development team under CTO
+VuQYa5G93kI-00159-00042852-00043462 office at uh at at the Microsoft and our
+VuQYa5G93kI-00160-00043463-00043846 team is uh focusing on Advanced
+VuQYa5G93kI-00161-00043847-00044129 Technologies including energy energy
+VuQYa5G93kI-00162-00044130-00044429 storage inside and outside of a Data
+VuQYa5G93kI-00163-00044430-00044771 Center and we are particularly looking
+VuQYa5G93kI-00164-00044772-00045137 at advances and Innovation Technologies
+VuQYa5G93kI-00165-00045138-00045712 in energy space and we're happy to hear
+VuQYa5G93kI-00166-00045713-00045983 thank you and send you
+VuQYa5G93kI-00167-00045984-00046180 thank you Buffy for the introduction hi
+VuQYa5G93kI-00168-00046181-00046402 everyone uh this is Sindhu Sharma head
+VuQYa5G93kI-00169-00046403-00047112 in sustainability initiatives foreign
+VuQYa5G93kI-00170-00047113-00047387 India's largest network of data centers
+VuQYa5G93kI-00171-00047388-00047621 having more than 120 Edge data centers
+VuQYa5G93kI-00172-00047622-00047896 with 10 plus two data centers and few
+VuQYa5G93kI-00173-00047897-00048083 hyper Stillers we are in this journey of
+VuQYa5G93kI-00174-00048084-00048365 sustainability in part few years back we
+VuQYa5G93kI-00175-00048366-00048605 have aggressive Net Zero Target as well
+VuQYa5G93kI-00176-00048606-00048880 as we are predominantly and purposely
+VuQYa5G93kI-00177-00048881-00049024 working on investment video energy
+VuQYa5G93kI-00178-00049025-00049205 projects for our happiness students
+VuQYa5G93kI-00179-00049206-00049408 thank you
+VuQYa5G93kI-00180-00049409-00049685 thank you thank you gentlemen so happy
+VuQYa5G93kI-00181-00049686-00050051 to have you guys here today and we also
+VuQYa5G93kI-00182-00050052-00050243 um you know just had this recent
+VuQYa5G93kI-00183-00050244-00050512 International Energy agency report
+VuQYa5G93kI-00184-00050513-00050783 stating that approximately 2.5 percent
+VuQYa5G93kI-00185-00050784-00051023 of global energy is consumed by data
+VuQYa5G93kI-00186-00051024-00051220 centers and data networks and this
+VuQYa5G93kI-00187-00051221-00051508 number is expected to quickly rise which
+VuQYa5G93kI-00188-00051509-00051785 does bring us here together today to
+VuQYa5G93kI-00189-00051786-00052013 talk about this critical topic on on
+VuQYa5G93kI-00190-00052014-00052301 Earth Day uh well close to Earth Day and
+VuQYa5G93kI-00191-00052302-00052516 with global energy used by data centers
+VuQYa5G93kI-00192-00052517-00052716 alone to increase eight to ten percent
+VuQYa5G93kI-00193-00052717-00053104 by 2030 uh this conversation is more
+VuQYa5G93kI-00194-00053105-00053513 critical than ever so let's start with a
+VuQYa5G93kI-00195-00053514-00053771 little bit about the many facets of
+VuQYa5G93kI-00196-00053772-00054000 energy maturity within the data center
+VuQYa5G93kI-00197-00054001-00054304 and what factors do we need to consider
+VuQYa5G93kI-00198-00054305-00054742 to get to a clear pathway to energy
+VuQYa5G93kI-00199-00054744-00054994 maturity uh why don't we start with you
+VuQYa5G93kI-00200-00054995-00055487 Jeff
+VuQYa5G93kI-00201-00055488-00055738 I think you're on mute
+VuQYa5G93kI-00202-00055739-00055961 yes first question I'm not following
+VuQYa5G93kI-00203-00055962-00056344 directions already yes very very typical
+VuQYa5G93kI-00204-00056345-00056597 um what can we do to define a pathway to
+VuQYa5G93kI-00205-00056598-00056819 energy maturity
+VuQYa5G93kI-00206-00056820-00056975 um personally I do think we're in the
+VuQYa5G93kI-00207-00056976-00057137 infancy stages like we spoke about
+VuQYa5G93kI-00208-00057138-00057347 earlier infancy stages of under even
+VuQYa5G93kI-00209-00057348-00057550 understanding this question I think
+VuQYa5G93kI-00210-00057551-00057700 first and foremost though if I think
+VuQYa5G93kI-00211-00057701-00058042 about the word maturity uh it typically
+VuQYa5G93kI-00212-00058044-00058265 means that we're willing to admit we
+VuQYa5G93kI-00213-00058266-00058444 have a problem and we're willing to
+VuQYa5G93kI-00214-00058445-00058792 admit that we can't go uh you know from
+VuQYa5G93kI-00215-00058794-00059080 zero to 100 miles an hour instantly
+VuQYa5G93kI-00216-00059082-00059326 um if the goal is stated as being too
+VuQYa5G93kI-00217-00059327-00059638 large it tends to be dilutive to the to
+VuQYa5G93kI-00218-00059639-00059866 the activity to the actions so I think
+VuQYa5G93kI-00219-00059867-00060023 first and foremost we have to realize
+VuQYa5G93kI-00220-00060024-00060211 that we should take a pragmatic approach
+VuQYa5G93kI-00221-00060212-00060587 take very real steps that are again
+VuQYa5G93kI-00222-00060588-00060899 realistic for today's market
+VuQYa5G93kI-00223-00060900-00061211 um so for instance you know at Bloom we
+VuQYa5G93kI-00224-00061212-00061438 would love it if there was a robust
+VuQYa5G93kI-00225-00061439-00061721 green hydrogen Network for us to use as
+VuQYa5G93kI-00226-00061722-00061966 we could use that today but it's not
+VuQYa5G93kI-00227-00061967-00062332 there so um we you know we work with
+VuQYa5G93kI-00228-00062333-00062621 natural gases as an example it's much
+VuQYa5G93kI-00229-00062622-00062885 cleaner than than other forms of uh
+VuQYa5G93kI-00230-00062886-00063137 energy generation but is it absolutely
+VuQYa5G93kI-00231-00063138-00063532 zero no that is 30 better so I think
+VuQYa5G93kI-00232-00063533-00063803 maturity is taking a pragmatic approach
+VuQYa5G93kI-00233-00063804-00064000 and truly understanding that the
+VuQYa5G93kI-00234-00064001-00064349 underpinnings need to be there before we
+VuQYa5G93kI-00235-00064350-00064553 can we can solve the problem or get to
+VuQYa5G93kI-00236-00064554-00064787 truly zero
+VuQYa5G93kI-00237-00064788-00064985 thank you for that
+VuQYa5G93kI-00238-00064986-00065326 um you weigh in on that Scott as well
+VuQYa5G93kI-00239-00065327-00065579 yeah I agree with Jeff we're in the kind
+VuQYa5G93kI-00240-00065580-00065843 of the infancy stage I mean we're we're
+VuQYa5G93kI-00241-00065844-00066094 seeing now and to your point Buffy you
+VuQYa5G93kI-00242-00066095-00066437 know the the 2.5 today but growing to
+VuQYa5G93kI-00243-00066438-00066629 eight to ten percent for data centers
+VuQYa5G93kI-00244-00066630-00066905 that's a lot of power and uh if you
+VuQYa5G93kI-00245-00066906-00067073 think about right now you know we used
+VuQYa5G93kI-00246-00067074-00067169 to
+VuQYa5G93kI-00247-00067170-00067397 we used to look at data centers on where
+VuQYa5G93kI-00248-00067398-00067559 the connectivity was and that's still
+VuQYa5G93kI-00249-00067560-00067709 important but now they're looking to
+VuQYa5G93kI-00250-00067710-00067991 where the power is and so it's becoming
+VuQYa5G93kI-00251-00067992-00068171 a huge
+VuQYa5G93kI-00252-00068172-00068429 um issue for and is perfect for Earth
+VuQYa5G93kI-00253-00068430-00068506 Day
+VuQYa5G93kI-00254-00068507-00068693 um it's coming a huge issue for us and I
+VuQYa5G93kI-00255-00068694-00068993 think you know their data centers are
+VuQYa5G93kI-00256-00068994-00069419 looking uh to find big huge swaths of
+VuQYa5G93kI-00257-00069420-00069497 power
+VuQYa5G93kI-00258-00069498-00069682 and we need to have
+VuQYa5G93kI-00259-00069683-00069838 um uh you know you're going to think
+VuQYa5G93kI-00260-00069839-00069988 about a couple things number thing the
+VuQYa5G93kI-00261-00069989-00070187 use of power like how are we using it
+VuQYa5G93kI-00262-00070188-00070481 how efficient are we you know can we use
+VuQYa5G93kI-00263-00070482-00070655 it differently and that's that's
+VuQYa5G93kI-00264-00070656-00070894 important we need to get power companies
+VuQYa5G93kI-00265-00070895-00071135 on board with you know this whole data
+VuQYa5G93kI-00266-00071136-00071447 center concept and uh and I also think
+VuQYa5G93kI-00267-00071448-00071650 we need to utilize the nuclear power
+VuQYa5G93kI-00268-00071651-00071813 plants that we have in the in the United
+VuQYa5G93kI-00269-00071814-00072059 States today there's 99 of them and
+VuQYa5G93kI-00270-00072060-00072244 we're not using them um they're
+VuQYa5G93kI-00271-00072245-00072526 providing power to the grid but you know
+VuQYa5G93kI-00272-00072527-00072815 at Carbon free Power and it's a base
+VuQYa5G93kI-00273-00072816-00072953 load power
+VuQYa5G93kI-00274-00072954-00073150 um there could be a lot done uh in that
+VuQYa5G93kI-00275-00073151-00073319 realm as well but I mean think about
+VuQYa5G93kI-00276-00073320-00073541 long-term
+VuQYa5G93kI-00277-00073542-00073703 um right now we're thinking about where
+VuQYa5G93kI-00278-00073704-00073865 can I get power long term we have to
+VuQYa5G93kI-00279-00073866-00074044 have a well thought out strategy of
+VuQYa5G93kI-00280-00074045-00074363 using Renewables using nuclear using
+VuQYa5G93kI-00281-00074364-00074603 what Jeff's doing what Jeff's doing with
+VuQYa5G93kI-00282-00074604-00074867 everyone on this call is doing to to
+VuQYa5G93kI-00283-00074868-00075100 achieve that and uh
+VuQYa5G93kI-00284-00075101-00075244 um again I think we're at the end of
+VuQYa5G93kI-00285-00075245-00075400 fizzy stage right now
+VuQYa5G93kI-00286-00075401-00075676 it's definitely a mix of you know energy
+VuQYa5G93kI-00287-00075677-00075971 and a combination and we we chatted a
+VuQYa5G93kI-00288-00075972-00076109 little bit about that before we jumped
+VuQYa5G93kI-00289-00076110-00076343 on the call I'd love to hear uh from
+VuQYa5G93kI-00290-00076344-00077161 Edge connects
+VuQYa5G93kI-00291-00077162-00077338 sorry
+VuQYa5G93kI-00292-00077339-00077393 um
+VuQYa5G93kI-00293-00077394-00077806 so yeah I think all valid points uh made
+VuQYa5G93kI-00294-00077807-00078119 uh in our minds as providers of capacity
+VuQYa5G93kI-00295-00078120-00078379 to uh you know some of the biggest uh
+VuQYa5G93kI-00296-00078380-00078737 names in the industry I would say that
+VuQYa5G93kI-00297-00078738-00078959 uh number one access to power and number
+VuQYa5G93kI-00298-00078960-00079193 two reliability of set Power and number
+VuQYa5G93kI-00299-00079194-00079421 three quantity of power is is probably
+VuQYa5G93kI-00300-00079422-00079667 first and foremost
+VuQYa5G93kI-00301-00079668-00079829 um so a customer needs our customer
+VuQYa5G93kI-00302-00079830-00080044 needs and uh
+VuQYa5G93kI-00303-00080045-00080249 um that is likely to evolve with time to
+VuQYa5G93kI-00304-00080250-00080506 kind of align with better Supply so once
+VuQYa5G93kI-00305-00080507-00080675 you take these constraints then you have
+VuQYa5G93kI-00306-00080676-00080867 to figure out a path towards
+VuQYa5G93kI-00307-00080868-00081179 decarbonization so as Jeff mentioned you
+VuQYa5G93kI-00308-00081180-00081371 can't go from zero to 100 in one step
+VuQYa5G93kI-00309-00081372-00081532 and I think that's sort of really
+VuQYa5G93kI-00310-00081533-00081737 important to call out
+VuQYa5G93kI-00311-00081738-00081917 um so renewable energy credits for
+VuQYa5G93kI-00312-00081918-00082156 example or an info fact but still an
+VuQYa5G93kI-00313-00082157-00082343 effective tool for managing your
+VuQYa5G93kI-00314-00082344-00082637 emissions But ultimately the pathway has
+VuQYa5G93kI-00315-00082638-00082973 has to be towards uh uh negating carbon
+VuQYa5G93kI-00316-00082974-00083243 Emissions on shall we say and Albany or
+VuQYa5G93kI-00317-00083244-00083494 15 minute intervals
+VuQYa5G93kI-00318-00083495-00083693 um while driving additionality on the
+VuQYa5G93kI-00319-00083694-00083944 grid so I think uh we are very very
+VuQYa5G93kI-00320-00083945-00084209 aware of the constraints that that we
+VuQYa5G93kI-00321-00084210-00084467 have to operate under and uh you know
+VuQYa5G93kI-00322-00084468-00084611 how do you sort of solve this problem
+VuQYa5G93kI-00323-00084612-00084869 given these constraints is is basically
+VuQYa5G93kI-00324-00084870-00085055 what we spend a lot of time thinking
+VuQYa5G93kI-00325-00085056-00085291 about right now
+VuQYa5G93kI-00326-00085292-00085811 thank you over at Microsoft Hassan
+VuQYa5G93kI-00327-00085812-00086135 yeah thank you I think I found a person
+VuQYa5G93kI-00328-00086136-00086567 agree with our friends uh here and uh
+VuQYa5G93kI-00329-00086568-00087011 back into the idea of of uh from what we
+VuQYa5G93kI-00330-00087012-00087406 are right now and the end goal is a kind
+VuQYa5G93kI-00331-00087407-00087832 of a pathway that we have to step with
+VuQYa5G93kI-00332-00087833-00088067 the
+VuQYa5G93kI-00333-00088068-00088373 collaboration with the partners and
+VuQYa5G93kI-00334-00088374-00088643 especially data center industry can be
+VuQYa5G93kI-00335-00088644-00088997 the lead in that uh journey through
+VuQYa5G93kI-00336-00088998-00089206 connect through connecting to the
+VuQYa5G93kI-00337-00089207-00089482 different partners including the
+VuQYa5G93kI-00338-00089483-00089921 including the utilities energy providers
+VuQYa5G93kI-00339-00089922-00090311 and like the whole ecosystem and at the
+VuQYa5G93kI-00340-00090312-00090479 end of the day that is not particular
+VuQYa5G93kI-00341-00090480-00090844 solution or not particular uh like a
+VuQYa5G93kI-00342-00090845-00091132 technology that can solve the overall
+VuQYa5G93kI-00343-00091133-00091475 journey and that is going to be a
+VuQYa5G93kI-00344-00091476-00091750 portfolio and each technology can solve
+VuQYa5G93kI-00345-00091751-00091961 one piece of the whole puzzle and that's
+VuQYa5G93kI-00346-00091962-00092453 why we need to have a group of the uh
+VuQYa5G93kI-00347-00092454-00092705 collaboration between the whole industry
+VuQYa5G93kI-00348-00092706-00092981 to see what part of the puzzle can be
+VuQYa5G93kI-00349-00092982-00093238 solved by the certain Technologies and
+VuQYa5G93kI-00350-00093239-00093617 how we can get uh to the goal of the Net
+VuQYa5G93kI-00351-00093618-00094103 Zero uh or having including the
+VuQYa5G93kI-00352-00094104-00094255 ecosystem
+VuQYa5G93kI-00353-00094256-00094643 solution for energy
+VuQYa5G93kI-00354-00094644-00094906 maturity
+VuQYa5G93kI-00355-00094907-00095159 definitely collaboration holds the key
+VuQYa5G93kI-00356-00095160-00095488 uh Sindhu I mean at an extra air by
+VuQYa5G93kI-00357-00095489-00095776 Airtel I mean collaboration is right
+VuQYa5G93kI-00358-00095777-00096106 here right we have Bloom and extra we're
+VuQYa5G93kI-00359-00096107-00096335 collaborating they're Partners uh why
+VuQYa5G93kI-00360-00096336-00096599 don't you give us a little insight there
+VuQYa5G93kI-00361-00096600-00096893 sure so I like Jeffrey and Alan you know
+VuQYa5G93kI-00362-00096894-00097115 explain you formulating a right
+VuQYa5G93kI-00363-00097116-00097367 decarbonization plan for your overall
+VuQYa5G93kI-00364-00097368-00097667 journey is the easiest and you need to
+VuQYa5G93kI-00365-00097668-00097847 interrupted all Technologies not just
+VuQYa5G93kI-00366-00097848-00098105 you know whatever you have right now you
+VuQYa5G93kI-00367-00098106-00098362 know to think of two years three years
+VuQYa5G93kI-00368-00098363-00098609 down the line uh like we have
+VuQYa5G93kI-00369-00098610-00098938 collaborated and introduced Bloom into
+VuQYa5G93kI-00370-00098939-00099149 our system we need to think of hydrogen
+VuQYa5G93kI-00371-00099150-00099335 it to also work on the new technologies
+VuQYa5G93kI-00372-00099336-00099593 and not just supply side intervention we
+VuQYa5G93kI-00373-00099594-00099724 need to also work on the demand side
+VuQYa5G93kI-00374-00099725-00100049 where we need to work aggressively to
+VuQYa5G93kI-00375-00100050-00100300 cut down your Poe and to reduce down
+VuQYa5G93kI-00376-00100301-00100474 your PVE so
+VuQYa5G93kI-00377-00100475-00100756 it's a comfort blend of energy myths
+VuQYa5G93kI-00378-00100757-00101026 along with you know right interventions
+VuQYa5G93kI-00379-00101027-00101212 both side demand side and supply side
+VuQYa5G93kI-00380-00101213-00101368 will give you the maturity which we are
+VuQYa5G93kI-00381-00101369-00101771 looking for in the next few years
+VuQYa5G93kI-00382-00101772-00101962 thank you so much gentlemen for these
+VuQYa5G93kI-00383-00101963-00102250 insights and moving on um you know the
+VuQYa5G93kI-00384-00102251-00102490 goal obviously is to achieve these
+VuQYa5G93kI-00385-00102491-00102766 environmental targets quickly what is
+VuQYa5G93kI-00386-00102767-00102947 the path of least resistance and what
+VuQYa5G93kI-00387-00102948-00103216 are some of the steps in the process uh
+VuQYa5G93kI-00388-00103217-00103390 that are most challenging what are some
+VuQYa5G93kI-00389-00103391-00103649 of these obstacles you know we talk
+VuQYa5G93kI-00390-00103650-00103840 about this question you were thinking in
+VuQYa5G93kI-00391-00103841-00104080 terms of what are some of the quickest
+VuQYa5G93kI-00392-00104081-00104375 ways data centers can get wins uh when
+VuQYa5G93kI-00393-00104376-00104908 it comes to hitting these targets Jeff
+VuQYa5G93kI-00394-00104909-00105101 or that's an easy one
+VuQYa5G93kI-00395-00105102-00105293 um
+VuQYa5G93kI-00396-00105294-00105521 what are the quickest ways well
+VuQYa5G93kI-00397-00105522-00105773 when I when I speak to you know the
+VuQYa5G93kI-00398-00105774-00106007 developers data center owners and
+VuQYa5G93kI-00399-00106008-00106325 operators they're not always aware of
+VuQYa5G93kI-00400-00106326-00106504 what technologies are available so I
+VuQYa5G93kI-00401-00106505-00106715 think the first step is understand what
+VuQYa5G93kI-00402-00106716-00107008 options are out there
+VuQYa5G93kI-00403-00107009-00107297 um I also think that
+VuQYa5G93kI-00404-00107298-00107621 we need to start giving feedback to the
+VuQYa5G93kI-00405-00107622-00107860 occupants of these data centers so you
+VuQYa5G93kI-00406-00107861-00108107 know much of the market are are
+VuQYa5G93kI-00407-00108108-00108389 developers and uh and tenants versus
+VuQYa5G93kI-00408-00108390-00108599 managed service providers they're on not
+VuQYa5G93kI-00409-00108600-00108928 all AWS or or Google
+VuQYa5G93kI-00410-00108929-00109163 um so I think giving feedback kind of
+VuQYa5G93kI-00411-00109164-00109349 like biofeedback giving feedback to the
+VuQYa5G93kI-00412-00109350-00109678 tenants that you know deploying 50
+VuQYa5G93kI-00413-00109679-00109960 percent more power than you're most
+VuQYa5G93kI-00414-00109961-00110213 likely ever going to use is going to
+VuQYa5G93kI-00415-00110214-00110465 cost X or here's the carbon footprint of
+VuQYa5G93kI-00416-00110466-00110801 that of that lease uh that lease term as
+VuQYa5G93kI-00417-00110802-00110951 an example
+VuQYa5G93kI-00418-00110952-00111227 um maybe providing options I I
+VuQYa5G93kI-00419-00111228-00111460 understand that to provide those options
+VuQYa5G93kI-00420-00111461-00111677 there could be some heavy lifting it's
+VuQYa5G93kI-00421-00111678-00111910 uh you know the data center industry is
+VuQYa5G93kI-00422-00111911-00112181 not exactly the fastest moving from a
+VuQYa5G93kI-00423-00112182-00112486 Innovation perspective one of our one of
+VuQYa5G93kI-00424-00112488-00112708 our original folks uh and board members
+VuQYa5G93kI-00425-00112709-00112997 Peter Gross but you know once said the
+VuQYa5G93kI-00426-00112998-00113278 data center industry loves Innovation as
+VuQYa5G93kI-00427-00113279-00113477 long as it's 10 years old
+VuQYa5G93kI-00428-00113478-00113710 okay so we first need to look at that
+VuQYa5G93kI-00429-00113711-00114010 and we need to understand that there are
+VuQYa5G93kI-00430-00114011-00114323 steps that we can take today
+VuQYa5G93kI-00431-00114324-00114551 um there are there are products such as
+VuQYa5G93kI-00432-00114552-00114827 ours and others that are somewhat future
+VuQYa5G93kI-00433-00114828-00115007 proof in other words ready for things
+VuQYa5G93kI-00434-00115008-00115321 such as hydrogen that can help
+VuQYa5G93kI-00435-00115322-00115702 mitigate the the coming Onslaught in my
+VuQYa5G93kI-00436-00115703-00115943 opinion of of of high performance
+VuQYa5G93kI-00437-00115944-00116369 compute GPU workloads AIML
+VuQYa5G93kI-00438-00116370-00116639 um we know that this is beginning now
+VuQYa5G93kI-00439-00116640-00116766 the the
+VuQYa5G93kI-00440-00116767-00117058 2.6 I think you said that's consumed
+VuQYa5G93kI-00441-00117059-00117221 today
+VuQYa5G93kI-00442-00117222-00117413 um I think that could almost be an
+VuQYa5G93kI-00443-00117414-00117731 exponential curve once Enterprises and
+VuQYa5G93kI-00444-00117732-00118019 data centers begin to deploy hyper you
+VuQYa5G93kI-00445-00118020-00118216 know high performance uh
+VuQYa5G93kI-00446-00118217-00118463 um gpus and and working on this within
+VuQYa5G93kI-00447-00118464-00118684 the Enterprise many times we forget that
+VuQYa5G93kI-00448-00118685-00118997 uh that that about 70 75 percent of
+VuQYa5G93kI-00449-00118998-00119171 Enterprise data is still on a dedicated
+VuQYa5G93kI-00450-00119172-00119440 floor at the Enterprise it's not just in
+VuQYa5G93kI-00451-00119441-00119723 the cloud as an example so
+VuQYa5G93kI-00452-00119724-00119899 um yeah I think understanding the market
+VuQYa5G93kI-00453-00119900-00120113 articulating to the tenants to the
+VuQYa5G93kI-00454-00120114-00120425 customers what their impact is
+VuQYa5G93kI-00455-00120426-00120599 um I think could help a lot in the in
+VuQYa5G93kI-00456-00120600-00120852 the short term
+VuQYa5G93kI-00457-00120853-00121223 for sure uh Scott you want to add to
+VuQYa5G93kI-00458-00121224-00121469 that yeah no I agree with Jeff
+VuQYa5G93kI-00459-00121470-00121727 um that that that a definite
+VuQYa5G93kI-00460-00121728-00121963 um need is to have that communication
+VuQYa5G93kI-00461-00121964-00122393 and uh be willing to do new things maybe
+VuQYa5G93kI-00462-00122394-00122608 run things hotter
+VuQYa5G93kI-00463-00122609-00122825 um run things you know less redundant
+VuQYa5G93kI-00464-00122826-00123016 those types of things
+VuQYa5G93kI-00465-00123017-00123184 um I mentioned before
+VuQYa5G93kI-00466-00123185-00123304 um I think
+VuQYa5G93kI-00467-00123305-00123508 um and I'll you know I don't want to be
+VuQYa5G93kI-00468-00123509-00123640 a broker in record here but I think
+VuQYa5G93kI-00469-00123641-00123863 nuclear power needs to be brought into
+VuQYa5G93kI-00470-00123864-00123977 The Fray
+VuQYa5G93kI-00471-00123978-00124145 um a little bit more
+VuQYa5G93kI-00472-00124146-00124295 um there's a lot of Technologies out
+VuQYa5G93kI-00473-00124296-00124504 there but obviously nuclear is 100
+VuQYa5G93kI-00474-00124505-00124847 carbon free and I think uh and it's a
+VuQYa5G93kI-00475-00124848-00125039 and it's a base load power so I think
+VuQYa5G93kI-00476-00125040-00125249 that needs to be leveraged in a bigger
+VuQYa5G93kI-00477-00125250-00125477 way we need to continue to develop wind
+VuQYa5G93kI-00478-00125478-00125657 and solar which I know we're doing I
+VuQYa5G93kI-00479-00125658-00125789 know at our company we're we're
+VuQYa5G93kI-00480-00125790-00126077 developing 2.4 gigawatts of it on the
+VuQYa5G93kI-00481-00126078-00126328 land that we have so that needs and then
+VuQYa5G93kI-00482-00126329-00126640 storage Technologies in order to uh be
+VuQYa5G93kI-00483-00126641-00126833 able to increase the the storage
+VuQYa5G93kI-00484-00126833-00127151 capacities of wind and so he can provide
+VuQYa5G93kI-00485-00127152-00127343 you can actually use that power for data
+VuQYa5G93kI-00486-00127344-00127571 centers so those are some things
+VuQYa5G93kI-00487-00127572-00127678 um and I know we'll probably get into
+VuQYa5G93kI-00488-00127679-00127858 the more challenging things on the next
+VuQYa5G93kI-00489-00127859-00128051 question but those are some easy things
+VuQYa5G93kI-00490-00128052-00128273 and then lastly there's probably a
+VuQYa5G93kI-00491-00128274-00128447 little bit more challenging than we
+VuQYa5G93kI-00492-00128448-00128597 think but is working with the power
+VuQYa5G93kI-00493-00128598-00128993 companies the utilities to um to to
+VuQYa5G93kI-00494-00128994-00129149 partner with data centers because they
+VuQYa5G93kI-00495-00129150-00129383 use so much power so
+VuQYa5G93kI-00496-00129383-00129551 um it's probably a little more difficult
+VuQYa5G93kI-00497-00129552-00129743 given the complexities of utility
+VuQYa5G93kI-00498-00129744-00129947 companies and uh and data center
+VuQYa5G93kI-00499-00129948-00130151 companies but that's something we need
+VuQYa5G93kI-00500-00130152-00130439 to start doing as well
+VuQYa5G93kI-00501-00130440-00130823 yes and how about over at edgeconnex uh
+VuQYa5G93kI-00502-00130824-00131111 and not I'll hear from you guys
+VuQYa5G93kI-00503-00131112-00131375 yeah I'll sort of split my answer into
+VuQYa5G93kI-00504-00131376-00131609 into two components right so the supply
+VuQYa5G93kI-00505-00131610-00131777 side and there's demand side like what
+VuQYa5G93kI-00506-00131778-00131957 can we do on the supply side and what
+VuQYa5G93kI-00507-00131958-00132119 can we do on the demand side and I'll
+VuQYa5G93kI-00508-00132120-00132340 start with the demand side first like
+VuQYa5G93kI-00509-00132341-00132635 clearly using less power is uh is is
+VuQYa5G93kI-00510-00132636-00132814 kind of an obvious one so you know
+VuQYa5G93kI-00511-00132815-00133039 efficiency is super important
+VuQYa5G93kI-00512-00133040-00133354 you know things like TV Etc or or
+VuQYa5G93kI-00513-00133355-00133625 whatever material in this that you're
+VuQYa5G93kI-00514-00133626-00133877 wrong so the Lesser power we as an
+VuQYa5G93kI-00515-00133878-00134123 industry use the simpler the path to
+VuQYa5G93kI-00516-00134124-00134423 eventually recognization
+VuQYa5G93kI-00517-00134424-00134561 um I think the second one is around
+VuQYa5G93kI-00518-00134562-00134759 relieving congestion and constraints
+VuQYa5G93kI-00519-00134760-00135035 around lots of goods uh around the world
+VuQYa5G93kI-00520-00135036-00135209 I think pretty much everyone in the
+VuQYa5G93kI-00521-00135210-00135364 audience is very familiar with some of
+VuQYa5G93kI-00522-00135365-00135502 the issues that we're seeing in the
+VuQYa5G93kI-00523-00135503-00135761 major markets and a lot of this has to
+VuQYa5G93kI-00524-00135762-00135977 do with the reserve capacity versus what
+VuQYa5G93kI-00525-00135978-00136169 is actually released so that's another
+VuQYa5G93kI-00526-00136170-00136366 productive conversation we can have with
+VuQYa5G93kI-00527-00136367-00136613 utilities before uh you know things
+VuQYa5G93kI-00528-00136614-00136799 start getting mandated on the industry
+VuQYa5G93kI-00529-00136800-00137075 itself so those are on the uh sort of
+VuQYa5G93kI-00530-00137076-00137237 demand side on the supply side I think
+VuQYa5G93kI-00531-00137238-00137435 going back to what I said earlier the
+VuQYa5G93kI-00532-00137436-00137813 first and easiest step to take is uh
+VuQYa5G93kI-00533-00137814-00138035 um is to sort of go the PPA around
+VuQYa5G93kI-00534-00138036-00138251 um and that signals the traditionality
+VuQYa5G93kI-00535-00138252-00138437 interest right in the sense that if
+VuQYa5G93kI-00536-00138438-00138628 you're signing on PPA for ex-mav awards
+VuQYa5G93kI-00537-00138629-00138875 and that sends a signal to a developer
+VuQYa5G93kI-00538-00138876-00139043 to actually add capacity on the grid and
+VuQYa5G93kI-00539-00139044-00139240 so on like that's going to get us to a
+VuQYa5G93kI-00540-00139241-00139439 certain point and obviously the last uh
+VuQYa5G93kI-00541-00139440-00139607 you know X percent whatever that is
+VuQYa5G93kI-00542-00139608-00139733 depending on the part of the world that
+VuQYa5G93kI-00543-00139734-00139925 you're in it's going to be hard but like
+VuQYa5G93kI-00544-00139926-00140027 you know I'm sure we're going to talk
+VuQYa5G93kI-00545-00140028-00140251 about that in a little bit
+VuQYa5G93kI-00546-00140252-00140573 thank you
+VuQYa5G93kI-00547-00140574-00141089 yeah sure I uh I believe uh uh the topic
+VuQYa5G93kI-00548-00141090-00141527 was uh covered well on on this question
+VuQYa5G93kI-00549-00141528-00141911 but I believe one of the key uh aspect
+VuQYa5G93kI-00550-00141912-00142247 back to the annual points is basically
+VuQYa5G93kI-00551-00142248-00142727 from uh from a demand side for sure uh
+VuQYa5G93kI-00552-00142728-00142990 focusing on it efficiency is super
+VuQYa5G93kI-00553-00142991-00143249 important also there is another key
+VuQYa5G93kI-00554-00143250-00143663 important on a flexible it load and what
+VuQYa5G93kI-00555-00143664-00144016 we can do in a above
+VuQYa5G93kI-00556-00144017-00144473 efficiency what we can get it done to
+VuQYa5G93kI-00557-00144474-00144928 the it low to be a flexible and also to
+VuQYa5G93kI-00558-00144929-00145181 be a kind of a dynamic to the what's
+VuQYa5G93kI-00559-00145182-00145414 happening on the other side of the fence
+VuQYa5G93kI-00560-00145415-00145757 of a Data Center and that kind of a
+VuQYa5G93kI-00561-00145758-00146081 ideas needs to have a
+VuQYa5G93kI-00562-00146082-00146435 Innovation from a data center operator
+VuQYa5G93kI-00563-00146436-00146878 and owner and a hyperscaler to see what
+VuQYa5G93kI-00564-00146879-00147359 what it can get it done on on a demand
+VuQYa5G93kI-00565-00147360-00147454 side
+VuQYa5G93kI-00566-00147455-00147911 uh for the uh for the sourcing part I
+VuQYa5G93kI-00567-00147912-00148271 think uh the easiest path that most of
+VuQYa5G93kI-00568-00148272-00148528 the company that is like as a first step
+VuQYa5G93kI-00569-00148529-00148793 that they can do and just take is just
+VuQYa5G93kI-00570-00148794-00149087 uh buying the clean energy through the
+VuQYa5G93kI-00571-00149088-00149489 PPA but one a step further is how they
+VuQYa5G93kI-00572-00149490-00149831 can match that renewable energy with the
+VuQYa5G93kI-00573-00149832-00150089 load basically one of the commitment
+VuQYa5G93kI-00574-00150090-00150419 that we are starting to look at is
+VuQYa5G93kI-00575-00150420-00150911 basically to Source all the load all the
+VuQYa5G93kI-00576-00150912-00151228 electron that we're going to use by the
+VuQYa5G93kI-00577-00151229-00151552 cleaning energy all the time so once
+VuQYa5G93kI-00578-00151553-00151763 we're talking about all the time we add
+VuQYa5G93kI-00579-00151764-00152014 additional complexity here because that
+VuQYa5G93kI-00580-00152015-00152201 is not something that easily good on
+VuQYa5G93kI-00581-00152202-00152585 just by energy because the demand and
+VuQYa5G93kI-00582-00152586-00152783 Source should be matched all the time
+VuQYa5G93kI-00583-00152784-00153004 that is how the grid is going to work
+VuQYa5G93kI-00584-00153005-00153407 and if we wanted to participate uh to
+VuQYa5G93kI-00585-00153408-00153790 help the whole ecosystem this step is
+VuQYa5G93kI-00586-00153791-00154199 going to add additional like a con uh
+VuQYa5G93kI-00587-00154200-00154475 complexity to the whole to the whole
+VuQYa5G93kI-00588-00154476-00154793 solution and one of the report that I
+VuQYa5G93kI-00589-00154794-00155278 found is that if if there are uh like uh
+VuQYa5G93kI-00590-00155279-00155669 matching the load from a zero to the 70
+VuQYa5G93kI-00591-00155670-00156107 it to the 70 80 percent it can be done
+VuQYa5G93kI-00592-00156108-00156449 only through the PPA of the renewable
+VuQYa5G93kI-00593-00156450-00156707 energy procurement but after that we
+VuQYa5G93kI-00594-00156708-00156911 need to have this some sort of a energy
+VuQYa5G93kI-00595-00156912-00157126 storage and some sort of additional
+VuQYa5G93kI-00596-00157127-00157499 technology or the base power like that
+VuQYa5G93kI-00597-00157500-00157876 we need from the from the nuclear power
+VuQYa5G93kI-00598-00157877-00158189 in order to match that load end
+VuQYa5G93kI-00599-00158190-00158440 generation which again
+VuQYa5G93kI-00600-00158441-00158735 kind of a portfolio of a different type
+VuQYa5G93kI-00601-00158736-00159311 of a Technologies in in this list
+VuQYa5G93kI-00602-00159312-00159659 so I believe you know all panelists has
+VuQYa5G93kI-00603-00159660-00159928 traveled the rightly but I just wanted
+VuQYa5G93kI-00604-00159929-00160283 to add in the under supplies
+VuQYa5G93kI-00605-00160284-00160549 the need of an R is to have right
+VuQYa5G93kI-00606-00160550-00160804 collaborations and Partnerships and that
+VuQYa5G93kI-00607-00160805-00161087 too long term uh if you see the data
+VuQYa5G93kI-00608-00161088-00161369 center business so uh you know we have a
+VuQYa5G93kI-00609-00161370-00161813 gradual uh you know path or gradual load
+VuQYa5G93kI-00610-00161814-00162013 increase if you will do and you know
+VuQYa5G93kI-00611-00162014-00162257 commission a new data center so the
+VuQYa5G93kI-00612-00162258-00162437 right sort of collaboration will help
+VuQYa5G93kI-00613-00162438-00162575 you to get
+VuQYa5G93kI-00614-00162576-00162845 for renewable energy from day one so
+VuQYa5G93kI-00615-00162846-00163019 that sort of partnership is required
+VuQYa5G93kI-00616-00163020-00163361 second uh under demand side uh you know
+VuQYa5G93kI-00617-00163362-00163631 there are good companies working uh on
+VuQYa5G93kI-00618-00163632-00163937 the cooling Technologies so our genuine
+VuQYa5G93kI-00619-00163938-00164140 course is required from the customers to
+VuQYa5G93kI-00620-00164141-00164447 the developers like us on on you know
+VuQYa5G93kI-00621-00164448-00164687 for adopting the right to pull in
+VuQYa5G93kI-00622-00164688-00164921 Technologies we have good you know
+VuQYa5G93kI-00623-00164922-00165089 Technologies available for the last many
+VuQYa5G93kI-00624-00165090-00165407 years but if we'll keep on working on
+VuQYa5G93kI-00625-00165408-00165616 the conventional way of pulling the data
+VuQYa5G93kI-00626-00165617-00165821 centers then we shall not be able to
+VuQYa5G93kI-00627-00165822-00166090 reach POA which we are targeting
+VuQYa5G93kI-00628-00166091-00166343 so these are the two major things I
+VuQYa5G93kI-00629-00166344-00166528 believe is required if you really want
+VuQYa5G93kI-00630-00166529-00166739 to achieve what we are targeting from
+VuQYa5G93kI-00631-00166740-00167243 here and anyways uh Target is to get you
+VuQYa5G93kI-00632-00167244-00167507 know uh grab the low hanging food which
+VuQYa5G93kI-00633-00167508-00167843 is sign in Virtual pay options as well
+VuQYa5G93kI-00634-00167844-00168257 as long-term Villain at least
+VuQYa5G93kI-00635-00168258-00168437 thank you
+VuQYa5G93kI-00636-00168438-00168689 so if we talk a little bit about uh
+VuQYa5G93kI-00637-00168690-00169157 success what does that look like Jeff
+VuQYa5G93kI-00638-00169158-00169337 um I'm gonna go on record as stating I
+VuQYa5G93kI-00639-00169338-00169547 don't like this alphabetical listing
+VuQYa5G93kI-00640-00169548-00169793 taking every question first either that
+VuQYa5G93kI-00641-00169794-00169949 or I'm going to change my name is what
+VuQYa5G93kI-00642-00169950-00170404 I'm thinking no no it's a great question
+VuQYa5G93kI-00643-00170405-00170728 um obviously it's it's a very subjective
+VuQYa5G93kI-00644-00170729-00171023 uh question as well personally if we're
+VuQYa5G93kI-00645-00171024-00171293 talking about a March towards
+VuQYa5G93kI-00646-00171294-00171616 um you know much Greener usage or or
+VuQYa5G93kI-00647-00171617-00172019 zero carbon usage I think success must
+VuQYa5G93kI-00648-00172020-00172235 be measured incrementally
+VuQYa5G93kI-00649-00172236-00172451 um you you can't you know to use a
+VuQYa5G93kI-00650-00172452-00172714 sports analogy you know you can't you
+VuQYa5G93kI-00651-00172715-00172997 can't expect you know a child to go plan
+VuQYa5G93kI-00652-00172998-00173183 a professional football or baseball team
+VuQYa5G93kI-00653-00173184-00173476 on day one we need to
+VuQYa5G93kI-00654-00173477-00173669 um first come up with metrics that are
+VuQYa5G93kI-00655-00173670-00173921 relevant for where we are but that means
+VuQYa5G93kI-00656-00173922-00174202 that we admit where we are and we we
+VuQYa5G93kI-00657-00174203-00174425 document metrics because if you don't
+VuQYa5G93kI-00658-00174426-00174640 measure something it's very difficult or
+VuQYa5G93kI-00659-00174641-00174869 impossible to manage it and to make an
+VuQYa5G93kI-00660-00174870-00175151 incremental progress so success to me
+VuQYa5G93kI-00661-00175152-00175343 means that
+VuQYa5G93kI-00662-00175344-00175619 we are we are constantly moving up and
+VuQYa5G93kI-00663-00175620-00175937 to the right as far as reducing carbon
+VuQYa5G93kI-00664-00175938-00176207 um not going from you know in one giant
+VuQYa5G93kI-00665-00176208-00176447 leap because that that breaks the system
+VuQYa5G93kI-00666-00176448-00176578 many times
+VuQYa5G93kI-00667-00176579-00176752 um it can many times break the economy
+VuQYa5G93kI-00668-00176753-00176969 and the economics and when the economics
+VuQYa5G93kI-00669-00176970-00177275 don't work out it it just doesn't work
+VuQYa5G93kI-00670-00177276-00177545 so yeah success to me is developing a
+VuQYa5G93kI-00671-00177546-00177814 set of reasonable metrics that takes
+VuQYa5G93kI-00672-00177815-00178007 into account
+VuQYa5G93kI-00673-00178008-00178075 um
+VuQYa5G93kI-00674-00178076-00178421 reasonable uh resources that are behind
+VuQYa5G93kI-00675-00178422-00178601 us today in other words if the
+VuQYa5G93kI-00676-00178602-00178759 infrastructure is just not there
+VuQYa5G93kI-00677-00178760-00179002 infrastructure that took generations to
+VuQYa5G93kI-00678-00179003-00179159 build in many cases if we're talking
+VuQYa5G93kI-00679-00179160-00179428 about the grid uh if the alternative is
+VuQYa5G93kI-00680-00179429-00179759 simply not there you you can't expect to
+VuQYa5G93kI-00681-00179760-00180059 achieve zero Carbon on day one we need
+VuQYa5G93kI-00682-00180060-00180245 to begin marching towards it however
+VuQYa5G93kI-00683-00180246-00180599 taking your incremental steps
+VuQYa5G93kI-00684-00180600-00180899 yes uh we'll switch it up uh the order a
+VuQYa5G93kI-00685-00180900-00181416 little bit that's good
+VuQYa5G93kI-00686-00181417-00181799 so like Jeff uh Jeffrey said you know uh
+VuQYa5G93kI-00687-00181800-00182075 everyone is in the race to reach Nat Geo
+VuQYa5G93kI-00688-00182076-00182302 as soon as possible but if we will do
+VuQYa5G93kI-00689-00182303-00182488 that and compromise in the business
+VuQYa5G93kI-00690-00182489-00182764 needs that is not really the success age
+VuQYa5G93kI-00691-00182765-00183023 so we need to think of uh you know the
+VuQYa5G93kI-00692-00183024-00183299 right sort of interventions and and if
+VuQYa5G93kI-00693-00183300-00183478 you are achieving the targets which you
+VuQYa5G93kI-00694-00183479-00183785 are adopting on time with without
+VuQYa5G93kI-00695-00183786-00183959 compromising the needs of the business
+VuQYa5G93kI-00696-00183960-00184295 as well as without compromising uh the
+VuQYa5G93kI-00697-00184296-00184625 collaborations partnership and uh you
+VuQYa5G93kI-00698-00184626-00184876 know uh on a Prayer vote for the new
+VuQYa5G93kI-00699-00184877-00185185 technologies then I believe
+VuQYa5G93kI-00700-00185186-00185399 that will be the success if you will
+VuQYa5G93kI-00701-00185400-00185633 achieve and you will bring all these
+VuQYa5G93kI-00702-00185634-00185975 things on a table at the right time
+VuQYa5G93kI-00703-00185976-00186347 thank you Scott
+VuQYa5G93kI-00704-00186348-00186778 uh yeah I I do agree there um I I think
+VuQYa5G93kI-00705-00186779-00186923 everything we're doing is really really
+VuQYa5G93kI-00706-00186924-00187049 good
+VuQYa5G93kI-00707-00187050-00187325 um but you do we do have to to measure
+VuQYa5G93kI-00708-00187326-00187511 it and uh if we can get one percent
+VuQYa5G93kI-00709-00187512-00187738 better every Idaho coach tell me get one
+VuQYa5G93kI-00710-00187739-00187973 percent better every day you know before
+VuQYa5G93kI-00711-00187974-00188093 you know it you're going to get really
+VuQYa5G93kI-00712-00188094-00188393 really good and um if we can do that I
+VuQYa5G93kI-00713-00188394-00188566 think we do need to be careful
+VuQYa5G93kI-00714-00188567-00188801 um as Sindhu has said not to compromise
+VuQYa5G93kI-00715-00188802-00189113 we can't put unrealistic goals out there
+VuQYa5G93kI-00716-00189114-00189395 you know a lot of folks are stating
+VuQYa5G93kI-00717-00189396-00189725 these goals and some of them might I
+VuQYa5G93kI-00718-00189726-00189916 believe are unrealistic
+VuQYa5G93kI-00719-00189917-00190121 um but we can't go backwards either like
+VuQYa5G93kI-00720-00190122-00190397 you know Germany just shut down their
+VuQYa5G93kI-00721-00190398-00190666 last three nuclear plants and guess what
+VuQYa5G93kI-00722-00190667-00190804 they're going to use now
+VuQYa5G93kI-00723-00190805-00191087 Cole so that's going to me it's going
+VuQYa5G93kI-00724-00191088-00191201 backwards
+VuQYa5G93kI-00725-00191202-00191464 um so I you know we got to continue to
+VuQYa5G93kI-00726-00191465-00191707 to promote these Clean Energy Solutions
+VuQYa5G93kI-00727-00191708-00191999 and continue to get better and and I
+VuQYa5G93kI-00728-00192000-00192257 think if we just focus on getting you
+VuQYa5G93kI-00729-00192258-00192413 know like one percent better every day
+VuQYa5G93kI-00730-00192414-00192826 then uh we'll have success
+VuQYa5G93kI-00731-00192827-00193259 definitely not
+VuQYa5G93kI-00732-00193260-00193559 yeah I mean the the measurement part is
+VuQYa5G93kI-00733-00193560-00193787 uh is sort of pretty self-evident right
+VuQYa5G93kI-00734-00193788-00194116 but I would sort of again uh urge folks
+VuQYa5G93kI-00735-00194117-00194369 to think along three lines uh based on
+VuQYa5G93kI-00736-00194370-00194513 scope on scope two and scope three
+VuQYa5G93kI-00737-00194514-00194687 emissions we spend most of our time
+VuQYa5G93kI-00738-00194688-00194926 talking about scope two emissions today
+VuQYa5G93kI-00739-00194927-00195166 um this is essentially power that uh
+VuQYa5G93kI-00740-00195167-00195395 data centers use but obviously there's a
+VuQYa5G93kI-00741-00195396-00195575 lot of carbon uh
+VuQYa5G93kI-00742-00195576-00195754 um concrete as well as Steam
+VuQYa5G93kI-00743-00195755-00195983 manufacturer so as an industry I think
+VuQYa5G93kI-00744-00195984-00196157 it's pretty critically important to send
+VuQYa5G93kI-00745-00196158-00196457 out signals to Industry in terms of you
+VuQYa5G93kI-00746-00196458-00196673 know what we plan to do as far as coupon
+VuQYa5G93kI-00747-00196674-00196876 emissions that drives activity in the
+VuQYa5G93kI-00748-00196877-00197135 marketplace uh which hopefully sort of
+VuQYa5G93kI-00749-00197136-00197363 has this nice final effect of bringing
+VuQYa5G93kI-00750-00197364-00197549 more Innovation to the table that's one
+VuQYa5G93kI-00751-00197550-00197861 the second is that uh I mean like the
+VuQYa5G93kI-00752-00197862-00198064 talk of incrementalism I think is fair
+VuQYa5G93kI-00753-00198065-00198328 but uh I also want to sort of point out
+VuQYa5G93kI-00754-00198329-00198611 that we're at 412 PPM of CO2 in the
+VuQYa5G93kI-00755-00198612-00198778 atmosphere today like that's the latest
+VuQYa5G93kI-00756-00198779-00198928 measurement and the start of the
+VuQYa5G93kI-00757-00198929-00199216 industrial rate we were at 280. so yes
+VuQYa5G93kI-00758-00199217-00199475 uh doing things better is obviously
+VuQYa5G93kI-00759-00199476-00199673 beneficial but we do actually have to
+VuQYa5G93kI-00760-00199674-00200026 have a plan for fixing the quote-unquote
+VuQYa5G93kI-00761-00200027-00200254 damage that's already been done
+VuQYa5G93kI-00762-00200255-00200428 um that could be through investments in
+VuQYa5G93kI-00763-00200429-00200578 technology or just an acknowledgment
+VuQYa5G93kI-00764-00200579-00200807 that yes like we plan to get to Net Zero
+VuQYa5G93kI-00765-00200808-00201023 at some point of time in the future but
+VuQYa5G93kI-00766-00201024-00201221 we actually need to zero out our
+VuQYa5G93kI-00767-00201222-00201478 emissions starting a certain date and
+VuQYa5G93kI-00768-00201479-00201671 there has to be a plan for that and that
+VuQYa5G93kI-00769-00201672-00201838 again sends signals into the marketplace
+VuQYa5G93kI-00770-00201839-00202073 in terms of what is important
+VuQYa5G93kI-00771-00202074-00202295 um because freezing CO2 levels of what
+VuQYa5G93kI-00772-00202296-00202552 we are today is actually not enough we
+VuQYa5G93kI-00773-00202553-00202763 have to bend that code downward as well
+VuQYa5G93kI-00774-00202764-00202919 so
+VuQYa5G93kI-00775-00202920-00203045 um I think it's important to kind of
+VuQYa5G93kI-00776-00203046-00203249 acknowledge all of these and essentially
+VuQYa5G93kI-00777-00203250-00203543 have targeted some metrics that uh
+VuQYa5G93kI-00778-00203544-00204023 that help us get there so
+VuQYa5G93kI-00779-00204024-00204214 it seems like we had some reactions
+VuQYa5G93kI-00780-00204215-00204478 there to some of your comments so feel
+VuQYa5G93kI-00781-00204479-00204827 free to love like uh in your little
+VuQYa5G93kI-00782-00204828-00205108 Emoji area there and feel free to send
+VuQYa5G93kI-00783-00205109-00205396 some questions over into the chat the
+VuQYa5G93kI-00784-00205398-00205546 panelists will be more than happy to
+VuQYa5G93kI-00785-00205548-00205877 answer uh Assad
+VuQYa5G93kI-00786-00205878-00206275 yeah sure I do like three this this
+VuQYa5G93kI-00787-00206276-00206566 success I believe that's it
+VuQYa5G93kI-00788-00206567-00206938 for me that's a journey that we we stop
+VuQYa5G93kI-00789-00206939-00207382 like the whole industry started uh from
+VuQYa5G93kI-00790-00207383-00207594 a couple of years back and they
+VuQYa5G93kI-00791-00207596-00207929 acknowledged that his challenge they we
+VuQYa5G93kI-00792-00207930-00208307 need to tackle as a whole industry and I
+VuQYa5G93kI-00793-00208308-00208510 agree that's a kind of an incremental
+VuQYa5G93kI-00794-00208511-00208805 Success Through the Milestone that we
+VuQYa5G93kI-00795-00208806-00209110 have because there is no end point that
+VuQYa5G93kI-00796-00209111-00209332 they said okay once we got that certain
+VuQYa5G93kI-00797-00209333-00209608 date we're going to solve all the issues
+VuQYa5G93kI-00798-00209609-00209879 no that's that's not
+VuQYa5G93kI-00799-00209880-00210263 how it's going to work uh but the fact
+VuQYa5G93kI-00800-00210264-00210592 is that with the increase of the energy
+VuQYa5G93kI-00801-00210594-00210958 consumption and and the expansion of the
+VuQYa5G93kI-00802-00210959-00211396 AI ML and the clouds industry once we
+VuQYa5G93kI-00803-00211398-00211523 had the
+VuQYa5G93kI-00804-00211523-00212056 like the a smaller scale at the at this
+VuQYa5G93kI-00805-00212057-00212369 industry especially in a Data Center and
+VuQYa5G93kI-00806-00212369-00212615 once we are looking at in the next five
+VuQYa5G93kI-00807-00212616-00212887 to ten years we do see there is a huge
+VuQYa5G93kI-00808-00212888-00213431 uh there would be a huge effort uh we
+VuQYa5G93kI-00809-00213432-00213965 need to make in order to uh to still the
+VuQYa5G93kI-00810-00213966-00214234 same the same status that we are doing
+VuQYa5G93kI-00811-00214235-00214519 today so we need to have a significant
+VuQYa5G93kI-00812-00214519-00214973 work to to make sure that we can tackle
+VuQYa5G93kI-00813-00214973-00215315 the challenges that we have back to the
+VuQYa5G93kI-00814-00215316-00215656 and a point that's scope one and two and
+VuQYa5G93kI-00815-00215657-00216082 three the scope one I I believe uh some
+VuQYa5G93kI-00816-00216083-00216292 people they're saying that's easy but
+VuQYa5G93kI-00817-00216294-00216575 the the thing is that that is that is
+VuQYa5G93kI-00818-00216576-00216863 that is something that we need to tackle
+VuQYa5G93kI-00819-00216864-00217306 at least from a first first uh uh part
+VuQYa5G93kI-00820-00217307-00217619 of the data center especially the diesel
+VuQYa5G93kI-00821-00217619-00217919 generator how we can use the alternative
+VuQYa5G93kI-00822-00217919-00218177 for example using the hydrogen using
+VuQYa5G93kI-00823-00218178-00218501 energy story that kind of thing and I at
+VuQYa5G93kI-00824-00218502-00218794 the end I believe that the success is a
+VuQYa5G93kI-00825-00218796-00219113 whole journey and like getting and
+VuQYa5G93kI-00826-00219114-00219563 achieving the uh the Milestone at each
+VuQYa5G93kI-00827-00219564-00220019 step is a successful bit whole industry
+VuQYa5G93kI-00828-00220019-00220289 and while we have you we'll dive into
+VuQYa5G93kI-00829-00220290-00220517 our last questions we're about to wrap
+VuQYa5G93kI-00830-00220517-00220732 up here we have a few minutes left but
+VuQYa5G93kI-00831-00220733-00220906 looking into your crystal ball what do
+VuQYa5G93kI-00832-00220907-00221123 you see happening in the next three to
+VuQYa5G93kI-00833-00221123-00221327 four years let's say uh some predictions
+VuQYa5G93kI-00834-00221328-00221621 to create smarter more flexible Energy
+VuQYa5G93kI-00835-00221621-00221842 Systems needed to get the Net Zero
+VuQYa5G93kI-00836-00221844-00222017 emission
+VuQYa5G93kI-00837-00222017-00222382 yeah I believe that his uh from from
+VuQYa5G93kI-00838-00222383-00222541 from
+VuQYa5G93kI-00839-00222542-00222905 Innovation side I think that's the key
+VuQYa5G93kI-00840-00222906-00223594 important uh uh factor that uh in a next
+VuQYa5G93kI-00841-00223596-00223960 few years we need to invest and we need
+VuQYa5G93kI-00842-00223961-00224321 to find it to invest on the technology
+VuQYa5G93kI-00843-00224321-00224665 that can change
+VuQYa5G93kI-00844-00224666-00225184 or change from the uh from the technical
+VuQYa5G93kI-00845-00225185-00225437 perspective and also from the business
+VuQYa5G93kI-00846-00225438-00226073 perspective and uh also uh the
+VuQYa5G93kI-00847-00226073-00226510 additional like uh the uh
+VuQYa5G93kI-00848-00226511-00226792 uh the factor that is going to be a
+VuQYa5G93kI-00849-00226794-00227087 happen with the increased amount of the
+VuQYa5G93kI-00850-00227088-00227501 iot smart devices that we have and also
+VuQYa5G93kI-00851-00227502-00227867 more flexible uh and a smart controller
+VuQYa5G93kI-00852-00227867-00228106 that we're going to have we're we're
+VuQYa5G93kI-00853-00228107-00228394 going to have the system more smarter
+VuQYa5G93kI-00854-00228396-00228629 and also the especially the
+VuQYa5G93kI-00855-00228630-00228989 collaboration with degree which is more
+VuQYa5G93kI-00856-00228990-00229355 grid friendly and uh working as the
+VuQYa5G93kI-00857-00229356-00229667 ecosystem which the data center is not
+VuQYa5G93kI-00858-00229667-00229919 going to the burdened to the utility and
+VuQYa5G93kI-00859-00229919-00230267 to the energy industry that is going to
+VuQYa5G93kI-00860-00230267-00230525 a part of the whole solution and I
+VuQYa5G93kI-00861-00230526-00230789 believe in the next uh
+VuQYa5G93kI-00862-00230790-00231287 few years we we do see the data center
+VuQYa5G93kI-00863-00231288-00231563 industry they're going to have a more
+VuQYa5G93kI-00864-00231564-00232001 contribution to the overall uh energy
+VuQYa5G93kI-00865-00232002-00232306 industry rather than only the burden to
+VuQYa5G93kI-00866-00232307-00232577 the industry and we hope that we're
+VuQYa5G93kI-00867-00232578-00233032 going to be a lead in that sector
+VuQYa5G93kI-00868-00233033-00233434 thank you we have time for probably one
+VuQYa5G93kI-00869-00233435-00233675 more crystal ball uh prediction here how
+VuQYa5G93kI-00870-00233676-00233981 about we turn that over to Edge connects
+VuQYa5G93kI-00871-00233982-00234467 and not
+VuQYa5G93kI-00872-00234467-00234706 sure I think the demand the demand side
+VuQYa5G93kI-00873-00234707-00234898 flexibility is something that both the
+VuQYa5G93kI-00874-00234900-00235073 Sindhu and a sound brought up and I
+VuQYa5G93kI-00875-00235073-00235277 think that's going to be that's going to
+VuQYa5G93kI-00876-00235278-00235475 be really important right so we've
+VuQYa5G93kI-00877-00235476-00235727 always treated ideal as invariant and I
+VuQYa5G93kI-00878-00235728-00235865 think we're reaching the situation where
+VuQYa5G93kI-00879-00235866-00236027 we are acknowledging that it's not right
+VuQYa5G93kI-00880-00236028-00236225 there's there's work that you know
+VuQYa5G93kI-00881-00236226-00236387 Microsoft has published Google has
+VuQYa5G93kI-00882-00236388-00236644 published work about uh you know moving
+VuQYa5G93kI-00883-00236646-00236842 load according to carbon intensity of
+VuQYa5G93kI-00884-00236844-00237053 goods Etc so I think approaches like
+VuQYa5G93kI-00885-00237054-00237167 these are going to become more
+VuQYa5G93kI-00886-00237167-00237467 commonplace so that's one and I think
+VuQYa5G93kI-00887-00237467-00237719 the second Point uh in general I would
+VuQYa5G93kI-00888-00237719-00237929 like to make is that
+VuQYa5G93kI-00889-00237930-00238091 um I think as an industry we've gotten
+VuQYa5G93kI-00890-00238092-00238277 pretty used to showing up and saying we
+VuQYa5G93kI-00891-00238278-00238498 must have X megawatts and you know we
+VuQYa5G93kI-00892-00238500-00238823 kind of uh get get that and and we build
+VuQYa5G93kI-00893-00238823-00239015 a Data Center and so on and so forth I
+VuQYa5G93kI-00894-00239016-00239177 think it's going to the conversation is
+VuQYa5G93kI-00895-00239178-00239339 going to start getting flipped like how
+VuQYa5G93kI-00896-00239340-00239603 do we fit into communities how do we fit
+VuQYa5G93kI-00897-00239604-00239884 into electricity grids and I think as an
+VuQYa5G93kI-00898-00239885-00240046 industry we kind of have to do our parts
+VuQYa5G93kI-00899-00240048-00240232 through things like demonstrating
+VuQYa5G93kI-00900-00240233-00240551 efficiency bringing in renewable
+VuQYa5G93kI-00901-00240552-00240713 capacity to the table
+VuQYa5G93kI-00902-00240714-00240923 etc etc
+VuQYa5G93kI-00903-00240923-00241187 thank you and thank you gentlemen so
+VuQYa5G93kI-00904-00241188-00241505 much uh for all of your Insight that you
+VuQYa5G93kI-00905-00241506-00241792 have delivered today here on jsa's
+VuQYa5G93kI-00906-00241794-00242039 Virtual Roundtable special Earth Day
+VuQYa5G93kI-00907-00242040-00242303 Edition and thank you uh to all our
+VuQYa5G93kI-00908-00242304-00242555 viewers live on LinkedIn
+VuQYa5G93kI-00909-00242556-00242753 um and across the world that have tuned
+VuQYa5G93kI-00910-00242754-00243034 in today uh to join us for this very
+VuQYa5G93kI-00911-00243035-00243251 special Earth Day edition of jsa's
+VuQYa5G93kI-00912-00243252-00243515 virtual Roundtable uh this is such a
+VuQYa5G93kI-00913-00243516-00243808 timely topic as we discussed and you
+VuQYa5G93kI-00914-00243809-00244013 know as we approach Earth Day in just a
+VuQYa5G93kI-00915-00244014-00244258 few days it's very critical that we do
+VuQYa5G93kI-00916-00244259-00244523 come together uh like you gentlemen have
+VuQYa5G93kI-00917-00244523-00244696 discussed throughout this conversation
+VuQYa5G93kI-00918-00244698-00245044 and partner and collaborate to achieve
+VuQYa5G93kI-00919-00245046-00245303 the ultimate goal of reducing carbon
+VuQYa5G93kI-00920-00245304-00245579 emissions so thanks again and viewers uh
+VuQYa5G93kI-00921-00245580-00245734 we hope you enjoyed your lunch if you're
+VuQYa5G93kI-00922-00245735-00246058 one of the first 100 registrations and
+VuQYa5G93kI-00923-00246059-00246241 make sure you visit us at
+VuQYa5G93kI-00924-00246242-00246527 greenerdata.net to hear our big news
+VuQYa5G93kI-00925-00246528-00246917 today uh the launch of The Greener day
+VuQYa5G93kI-00926-00246917-00247187 data Second Edition Amazon best-selling
+VuQYa5G93kI-00927-00247188-00247487 book and our official call for authors
+VuQYa5G93kI-00928-00247488-00247756 and we hope to see you next time our
+VuQYa5G93kI-00929-00247757-00248015 next discussion takes place on May 25th
+VuQYa5G93kI-00930-00248016-00248351 at 1 pm where we'll discuss connecting
+VuQYa5G93kI-00931-00248352-00248584 the unconnected with digital
+VuQYa5G93kI-00932-00248585-00248891 infrastructure Solutions and that's a
+VuQYa5G93kI-00933-00248892-00249119 wrap be sure to look out for the
+VuQYa5G93kI-00934-00249119-00249317 playback of today's Roundtable coming
+VuQYa5G93kI-00935-00249317-00249803 soon to JSA TV and JSA podcast we're on
+VuQYa5G93kI-00936-00249804-00250127 YouTube iTunes I heart Spotify and so
+VuQYa5G93kI-00937-00250128-00250217 much more
+VuQYa5G93kI-00938-00250217-00250432 in the meantime we'll see you back in
+VuQYa5G93kI-00939-00250433-00250660 the networking lounge and happy
+VuQYa5G93kI-00940-00250661-00250906 networking and happy Earth Day from all
+VuQYa5G93kI-00941-00250907-00251119 of us at JSA
+VuQYa5G93kI-00942-00251119-00251721 [Music]
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00000-00000006-00000622 [Music]
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00001-00000623-00001040 mark welcome thanks Dave it's always
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00002-00001041-00001373 great to to see you mark hatch the
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00003-00001374-00001775 founder of tech shop and former CEO
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00004-00001776-00002012 General Partner of network Society
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00005-00002013-00002525 ventures one of the most important minds
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00006-00002526-00002747 behind the maker movement the author of
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00007-00002748-00002968 the maker movement manifesto and now
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00008-00002969-00003377 just recently released your new book to
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00009-00003378-00003572 make a revolutionary but you are not
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00010-00003572-00003944 stopping there right and you are here so
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00011-00003945-00004241 that we can talk about what does it mean
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00012-00004242-00004550 to bring the maker movement to the next
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00013-00004551-00004952 stage a decentralized global business
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00014-00004953-00005302 model so my biggest frustration at the
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00015-00005303-00005576 moment is that we don't have tens of
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00016-00005577-00005806 thousands of maker spaces built out
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00017-00005807-00006086 around the globe it's clear that the
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00018-00006087-00006281 economic advantages are there that the
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00019-00006282-00006464 educational attainment advantages are
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00020-00006465-00006681 there that its ways for helping to
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00021-00006683-00007042 improve justice and actually and help
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00022-00007043-00007334 corporations do things better in that
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00023-00007334-00007553 regard I'm focusing all of my attention
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00024-00007554-00007709 on trying to figure out ways of
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00025-00007709-00007895 accelerating it which is why I you know
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00026-00007895-00008141 I wrote the book and why not work as a
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00027-00008142-00008492 consultant but I'm fascinated now with
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00028-00008493-00008767 this idea of trying to tokenize
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00029-00008768-00009008 different segments of the maker movement
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00030-00009009-00009356 itself as a way of aligning the benefits
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00031-00009357-00009574 and incentives so that we can in fact
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00032-00009575-00009791 accelerate the pace of the development
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00033-00009792-00009964 of the movement many of us are very
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00034-00009965-00010283 excited about a blockchain and all the
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00035-00010284-00010492 innovation and the thinking that goes
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00036-00010493-00011045 into how to rethink organizations
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00037-00011046-00011444 business models how we can create
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00038-00011445-00011678 algorithms that create the right types
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00039-00011679-00012013 of incentives economically
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00040-00012014-00012363 algorithmically yeah and so you are
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00041-00012364-00012737 designing a maker token or a series of
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00042-00012738-00012985 maker tokens what are some of the roles
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00043-00012986-00013071 that these
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00044-00013072-00013338 we're not entirely sure exactly what it
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00045-00013340-00013644 is we're going to launch first but there
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00046-00013645-00013791 are some very clear kind of early
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00047-00013793-00014116 indicators the first one is that these
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00048-00014116-00014313 maker spaces really require kind of
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00049-00014315-00014508 public-private partnerships and the
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00050-00014509-00014752 funding streams that maker spaces have
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00051-00014753-00014980 are very very critical and then
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00052-00014981-00015172 communicating what the maker space and
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00053-00015172-00015343 what that value is to people in the
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00054-00015344-00015553 community is an important component so I
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00055-00015554-00015947 can easily envision a maker token that
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00056-00015948-00016188 kids get excited about and go to their
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00057-00016190-00016378 parents and say you know we should use
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00058-00016379-00016558 this token when we buy these kinds of
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00059-00016559-00016774 things from these types of folks and a
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00060-00016775-00016944 portion of that then actually goes to
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00061-00016945-00017125 the maker space that the child is
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00062-00017126-00017341 associated with and it has some nice of
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00063-00017342-00017524 exponential potential impact where you
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00064-00017525-00017764 roll through one district after another
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00065-00017765-00017968 and so I think it's important you know
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00066-00017969-00018115 how are we going to be funding the maker
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00067-00018116-00018475 spaces and who's capturing the value and
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00068-00018476-00018589 it would be nice if the kids could
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00069-00018590-00018744 actually help create that value and
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00070-00018745-00019031 maybe even capture some of it themselves
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00071-00019032-00019344 also there's kind of the educators and
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00072-00019345-00019636 badging it's it's clear that we need
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00073-00019637-00020005 some way of creating transportable
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00074-00020006-00020200 knowledge that can move from one space
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00075-00020201-00020419 to another but that's certified that's
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00076-00020420-00020790 qualified and it means something and I
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00077-00020791-00020965 think we can create an ecosystem where
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00078-00020966-00021156 you know people are paid in tokens and
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00079-00021157-00021349 people create content in exchange for
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00080-00021350-00021564 tokens and we can't organize that entire
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00081-00021565-00021819 piece of it and of course a little
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00082-00021820-00022059 further out I mean it's possible and
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00083-00022060-00022249 maybe we can even tokenize the machines
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00084-00022250-00022581 themselves I am particularly fascinated
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00085-00022582-00022815 by this some of the work that I've done
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00086-00022816-00023011 in the past is around the Internet of
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00087-00023012-00023361 Things and I actually believed that a
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00088-00023362-00023622 lot of exciting development around
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00089-00023623-00023908 blockchain is going to be about a
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00090-00023909-00024137 capacity of machine-to-machine
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00091-00024138-00024384 communications as the appropriate
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00092-00024385-00024817 resources are allocated and and I've had
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00093-00024818-00025180 the chance to visit in the past TechShop
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00094-00025181-00025762 where the capacity of monitoring the
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00095-00025763-00026080 performance of the trains who does what
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00096-00026081-00026302 using what machine
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00097-00026302-00026689 really raises the bar with respect of a
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00098-00026689-00026917 previous era where you would just have
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00099-00026918-00027145 them laying around without any awareness
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00100-00027145-00027529 of their own level of usage and so being
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00101-00027530-00027789 able to aggregate and communicate this
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00102-00027791-00028129 both within a single maker space as well
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00103-00028130-00028389 as across across various maker spaces
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00104-00028391-00028654 can be very very yeah yeah and it might
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00105-00028655-00028783 be a way of getting them funded as well
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00106-00028783-00029008 I mean somebody made an invest in a
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00107-00029008-00029236 machine to deploy it have it tokenized
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00108-00029237-00029416 and then receive a revenue stream off
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00109-00029417-00029686 the back end and you know they they may
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00110-00029687-00029836 or may not make money on it long term
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00111-00029837-00029991 but it would be a way of deferring
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00112-00029992-00030445 makerspace costs so at the time of this
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00113-00030445-00030880 recording the blockchain industry and
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00114-00030881-00031233 the the token launches so-called
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00115-00031235-00031602 AI CEOs initial coin rings are all of
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00116-00031604-00031977 the rage with all kinds of regulatory
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00117-00031977-00032191 adaptations and upheavals that are
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00118-00032192-00032466 happening almost on a daily basis and
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00119-00032467-00032805 whenever this recording is going to be
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00120-00032806-00033217 viewed we will see what the stage of the
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00121-00033218-00033541 industry is going to be at the time now
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00122-00033542-00033955 I am sure that you will be able to
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00123-00033956-00034219 address the challenges that you will see
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00124-00034220-00034690 along the line and that you you will be
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00125-00034691-00035082 able to overcome them what is your ideal
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00126-00035083-00035386 expectation what is the outcome that you
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00127-00035387-00035752 really see in 2 5 10 years down the road
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00128-00035753-00035944 well I you know I could see a couple of
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00129-00035945-00036154 different tokens but fundamentally what
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00130-00036155-00036370 they should do is to help spread the
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00131-00036371-00036568 benefits and encourage the development
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00132-00036569-00036871 of the maker movement itself whether
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00133-00036872-00037042 it's the operating system that runs the
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00134-00037043-00037204 spaces whether it's the spaces
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00135-00037205-00037417 themselves whether it's the education
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00136-00037418-00037603 component within it or the folks that
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00137-00037604-00037837 are creating content I could also see it
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00138-00037838-00038011 going to manufacturing if you're and you
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00139-00038012-00038170 know if you've taken out of a makerspace
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00140-00038171-00038383 and you decide to launch something on on
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00141-00038384-00038539 an Etsy or you do your Kickstarter
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00142-00038540-00038833 campaign you might decide to to use the
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00143-00038834-00039025 token as a as a method for helping
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00144-00039026-00039160 people in New York community
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00145-00039161-00039349 to capture some component of the benefit
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00146-00039350-00039552 there are a lot of partnership
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00147-00039553-00039840 opportunities and sometimes I see people
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00148-00039841-00040207 at conferences who say oh we are really
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00149-00040208-00040368 overlapping with that or we are
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00150-00040369-00040630 competitors with that other and and that
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00151-00040631-00040986 is kind of a quaint vision when the
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00152-00040987-00041364 upside of so much that needs to be done
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00153-00041365-00041640 dwarfs whatever little overlapping
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00154-00041641-00041926 present solutions there may be yeah I
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00155-00041927-00042073 know relative to tokens but I I think
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00156-00042074-00042226 you'll be carrying 30 tokens or more
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00157-00042227-00042405 you'll swap between them depending on
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00158-00042406-00042580 what you're trying to do and where you
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00159-00042581-00042801 want to see the benefit and and and the
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00160-00042802-00043057 kind of inclusive vision and open access
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00161-00043058-00043261 to the maker services that you mentioned
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00162-00043262-00043654 is similar to how Tesla makes available
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00163-00043655-00043887 their patents and intellectual property
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00164-00043888-00044107 because they want to build an ecosystem
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00165-00044108-00044412 and and then your goal as well is to
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00166-00044413-00044649 spread the benefits of the maker
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00167-00044650-00045024 movement across as many industries and
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00168-00045025-00045349 and segments of population I guess this
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00169-00045350-00045529 is just one more tool in trying to
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00170-00045530-00045718 advance the pace with which we're
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00171-00045719-00045901 driving innovation you know we still
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00172-00045902-00046026 need the government to be involved we
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00173-00046027-00046192 still want educators to be involved we
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00174-00046193-00046380 still want corporations this isn't
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00175-00046381-00046624 mutually exclusive by by any stretch but
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00176-00046625-00046812 if we can launch a successful token I
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00177-00046813-00046999 think we can actually help monetize and
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00178-00047000-00047295 create a value stream that could in fact
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00179-00047296-00047536 accelerate this pretty quickly thank you
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00180-00047537-00047764 very much and good luck with this
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00181-00047765-00048630 initiative for sure
+VwIjbwZl_q8-00182-00048631-00048837 you
+Vyt6hiigA-U-00000-00000052-00000279 the Journal of experimental and
+Vyt6hiigA-U-00001-00000280-00000621 theoretical physics je T P Russian
+Vyt6hiigA-U-00002-00000622-00000890 Journal experimental no GT rata sis cage
+Vyt6hiigA-U-00003-00000891-00001173 physique e CF or Journal experimental no
+Vyt6hiigA-U-00004-00001174-00001464 ITER atisha Scoy physique e jf is a
+Vyt6hiigA-U-00005-00001465-00001725 peer-reviewed Russian scientific journal
+Vyt6hiigA-U-00006-00001726-00001964 covering all areas of experimental and
+Vyt6hiigA-U-00007-00001966-00002340 theoretical physics for example coverage
+Vyt6hiigA-U-00008-00002341-00002618 includes solid state physics elementary
+Vyt6hiigA-U-00009-00002619-00002975 particles and cosmology the journal is
+Vyt6hiigA-U-00010-00002976-00003231 published simultaneously in both Russian
+Vyt6hiigA-U-00011-00003232-00003522 and English languages the
+Vyt6hiigA-U-00012-00003522-00003801 editor-in-chief as Alexander F and Reeve
+Vyt6hiigA-U-00013-00003802-00004032 in addition this journal is a
+Vyt6hiigA-U-00014-00004033-00004418 continuation of Soviet physics je T P
+Vyt6hiigA-U-00015-00004419-00004794 1931 to 1992 which began English
+Vyt6hiigA-U-00016-00004795-00005542 translation in 1955
+Vyt6hiigA-U-00017-00005543-00006116 topic indexing
+Vyt6hiigA-U-00018-00006117-00006578 je TP is indexed in
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00000-00000259-00000567 [Music]
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00001-00000568-00000807 hello and welcome back to another before
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00002-00000808-00001023 you buy and today i want to talk about
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00003-00001024-00001111 using a nas
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00004-00001112-00001327 for surveillance before any of you go
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00005-00001328-00001495 out of your way to spend a decent amount
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00006-00001496-00001566 of change
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00007-00001567-00001759 on a network attached storage device for
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00008-00001760-00001959 surveillance or as an nvr
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00009-00001960-00002295 or as some kind of cctv camera recording
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00010-00002296-00002391 system
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00011-00002392-00002558 please watch this video as i am going to
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00012-00002559-00002767 go through all of the main things
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00013-00002768-00002950 you need to consider with regards to
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00014-00002951-00003110 your budget with regard to the resource
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00015-00003111-00003279 consumption and ultimately what will
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00016-00003279-00003390 help you choose
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00017-00003392-00003647 the perfect surveillance nas early doors
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00018-00003647-00003822 just in this video alone so for
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00019-00003823-00004038 10 20 minutes of your time i hope this
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00020-00004039-00004199 video can help you so
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00021-00004200-00004359 straight off the bat these are all
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00022-00004360-00004502 things that a lot of you when you buy
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00023-00004503-00004702 now for surveillance suddenly go
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00024-00004703-00004967 oh man alive i should have saw that or
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00025-00004968-00005143 you use it and you go no one told me
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00026-00005144-00005183 that
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00027-00005184-00005367 and one of the earliest things that no
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00028-00005368-00005543 one really tells anyone about
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00029-00005544-00005727 using a nas for surveillance is to do
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00030-00005728-00005847 with the storage
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00031-00005848-00006118 media the nas drives that are put inside
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00032-00006119-00006270 these devices generally there's lots of
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00033-00006271-00006446 amount if you use a synology
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00034-00006447-00006598 i know a lot of the recommendations at
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00035-00006600-00006767 the moment are able to use synology's
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00036-00006768-00006870 own hard drives
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00037-00006872-00007046 in a lot of their enterprise level rigs
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00038-00007047-00007231 or you can use ones like nas based
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00039-00007231-00007495 drives like seagate iron wolf and wd red
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00040-00007495-00007767 as much as useful as all these are
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00041-00007768-00007919 they're actually not
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00042-00007920-00008142 perfect for surveillance and if you're
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00043-00008143-00008295 going to use a nas
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00044-00008296-00008542 specifically for surveillance and again
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00045-00008543-00008655 by surveillance i
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00046-00008656-00008942 mean utilizing multiple ip cameras in
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00047-00008943-00009127 your home or business environment or all
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00048-00009128-00009255 of them recording
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00049-00009256-00009519 regularly or with tailored alerts to the
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00050-00009520-00009599 nas system
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00051-00009600-00009767 in order for you to retrieve them from
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00052-00009768-00009935 time to time or look at it
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00053-00009936-00010103 you know for checking if something went
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00054-00010104-00010278 wrong or if someone broke into an area
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00055-00010279-00010414 or business
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00056-00010415-00010631 those drives i've just shown you aren't
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00057-00010632-00010759 actually that
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00058-00010760-00011038 suitable for that now nas hard drives
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00059-00011039-00011167 like any other
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00060-00011168-00011374 tool are geared towards a certain
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00061-00011375-00011567 utility now a number of you will watch
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00062-00011568-00011655 this and go
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00063-00011656-00011870 sure sure there is no difference between
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00064-00011871-00012078 nas hard drives and normal hard drives
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00065-00012079-00012119 and
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00066-00012120-00012342 enterprise hard drives on a big old con
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00067-00012343-00012551 and i get why people might feel that
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00068-00012552-00012791 but hard drive technology has moved on
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00069-00012792-00012999 so so much over the years and in the
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00070-00013000-00013071 same way
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00071-00013072-00013255 you wouldn't use a bread knife to spread
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00072-00013256-00013455 butter although you can it's hardly
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00073-00013456-00013558 designed for it
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00074-00013559-00013879 and you wouldn't use a teaspoon to ladle
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00075-00013880-00014135 soup the idea is that hard drives have
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00076-00014136-00014319 been geared and designed for different
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00077-00014319-00014375 means
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00078-00014376-00014558 and the same thing goes for hard drives
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00079-00014559-00014686 now when it comes to announce for
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00080-00014687-00014830 surveillance
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00081-00014831-00015086 if you use nas hard drives these are
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00082-00015087-00015143 drives
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00083-00015144-00015399 that are designed for a far faster
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00084-00015400-00015607 uptake upon the reading of the drive
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00085-00015608-00015855 they're also designed to be on 24 7 but
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00086-00015856-00016047 they are ideally designed for a much
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00087-00016047-00016166 more balanced
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00088-00016168-00016479 read write environment now
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00089-00016480-00016679 surveillance is very different to that
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00090-00016680-00016847 because although you might have
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00091-00016848-00017158 5 10 20 50 cameras dotted around your
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00092-00017159-00017343 home or business environment
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00093-00017344-00017558 then those cameras are going to be
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00094-00017559-00017719 recording but you're not going to sit
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00095-00017720-00017871 there and watch
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00096-00017872-00018079 10 different camera recordings of the
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00097-00018080-00018239 same 24 hours
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00098-00018240-00018567 the read action of those drives is going
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00099-00018568-00018622 to be
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00100-00018623-00018935 tiny but the right action is going to be
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00101-00018936-00019119 amorphous you're going to have all of
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00102-00019120-00019383 these cameras all sending data to the
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00103-00019384-00019439 nas
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00104-00019440-00019583 all at the same time which is going to
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00105-00019584-00019799 cause heavy right action
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00106-00019800-00020119 so nas hard drives in a nas that's only
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00107-00020120-00020271 going to be used for surveillance
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00108-00020272-00020439 aren't actually that suitable and that's
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00109-00020440-00020663 why you need to buy surveillance hard
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00110-00020664-00020743 drives again
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00111-00020744-00021055 wd purple or seagate skyhawk
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00112-00021056-00021271 these are drives that are geared more
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00113-00021272-00021383 towards heavy
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00114-00021384-00021686 right action and less read because
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00115-00021687-00021975 if you are using a surveillance snazz 90
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00116-00021976-00022047 95
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00117-00022048-00022247 of the time footage is just going to be
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00118-00022248-00022391 writing to those discs
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00119-00022392-00022535 and it's only when you get a triggered
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00120-00022536-00022735 alert on your mobile or someone says
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00121-00022736-00022871 give me a favor can you check the record
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00122-00022872-00022943 it's on bill
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00123-00022944-00023150 in accounts from thursday that's the
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00124-00023151-00023303 only time you're going to access it and
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00125-00023304-00023350 read
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00126-00023351-00023671 in that small period now the reason i
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00127-00023672-00023742 say all this
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00128-00023743-00023919 is a number of you will be keen to ask
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00129-00023920-00024063 the question what if i'm buying a nas
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00130-00024064-00024239 and i'm using it for surveillance
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00131-00024240-00024527 and other things clicks vms generalized
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00132-00024528-00024599 backups
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00133-00024600-00024791 in that scenario i would strongly
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00134-00024792-00024935 recommend buying normal
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00135-00024936-00025094 nas hard drives because although it may
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00136-00025095-00025375 seem contrary to what i just said
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00137-00025376-00025622 in that scenario the read write is going
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00138-00025623-00025743 to be more sporadic
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00139-00025744-00026039 the read write is going to be less you
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00140-00026039-00026078 know
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00141-00026079-00026327 90 10 than it is in just surveillance
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00142-00026327-00026487 but if you are going to buy an ads for
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00143-00026488-00026623 just surveillance
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00144-00026624-00026895 get surveillance drives alone because
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00145-00026895-00026935 that
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00146-00026936-00027111 heavy right action when you can have all
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00147-00027112-00027295 of those cameras the last thing you
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00148-00027295-00027527 want is stress on the system when you've
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00149-00027527-00027670 got multiple drives
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00150-00027672-00027879 banging all that data towards the discs
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00151-00027880-00028039 and inconsistencies
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00152-00028039-00028223 you know um errors in the recording
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00153-00028224-00028455 occur due to the drives not standing up
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00154-00028456-00028583 to that heavy level
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00155-00028583-00028846 of right action now the next thing when
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00156-00028847-00028974 it comes to buying a nas
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00157-00028975-00029127 for surveillance and this is one i
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00158-00029127-00029311 talked about before and this is another
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00159-00029312-00029607 area that massively splits opinion and
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00160-00029608-00029679 that is
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00161-00029680-00029918 camera licenses lots of people buying
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00162-00029919-00030167 nas and aren't they are either not aware
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00163-00030168-00030351 of the concept of camera licenses
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00164-00030352-00030631 are or or are so ill informed about it
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00165-00030632-00030807 that when they do have to go down this
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00166-00030808-00030855 route
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00167-00030856-00031199 they suddenly go hang on what
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00168-00031200-00031535 you're taking the camera license
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00169-00031536-00031823 is when you get a nas they arrive with a
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00170-00031824-00031943 few camera licenses
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00171-00031944-00032199 these are the ability to add cameras to
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00172-00032200-00032358 the system the software that you get the
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00173-00032360-00032527 surveillance software from synology and
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00174-00032527-00032670 qnap surveillance station
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00175-00032672-00033095 uh version 8 or qvr pro these softwares
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00176-00033096-00033327 are great i would say all of them
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00177-00033328-00033439 particularly these two
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00178-00033440-00033655 but you know the majority of nas based
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00179-00033656-00033751 surveillance softwares
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00180-00033752-00033959 are pretty business level with those two
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00181-00033960-00034118 standing out more than anyone else
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00182-00034119-00034318 now the development for that software
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00183-00034319-00034462 with regards to firmware updates
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00184-00034463-00034687 with innovation changes in the service
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00185-00034688-00034846 upgrade stuff like ai stuff that we'll
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00186-00034847-00035023 talk about later on
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00187-00035024-00035199 all these things happen all the time to
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00188-00035200-00035335 make the system as
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00189-00035336-00035518 you know as ideal as possible to the end
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00190-00035519-00035718 user so whether you're a home user
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00191-00035719-00035887 that's just chucking a camera at the
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00192-00035888-00036046 front of the house camera at the back of
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00193-00036047-00036230 the house maybe one upstairs
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00194-00036231-00036446 that actually a lot you aren't gonna
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00195-00036447-00036607 have the same level of
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00196-00036608-00036807 reliance and the same level of
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00197-00036808-00036911 dependence
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00198-00036912-00037127 on this same now system that might be
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00199-00037128-00037230 used by a business
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00200-00037231-00037518 that has 10 or 20 cameras dotted around
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00201-00037519-00037559 so
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00202-00037560-00037743 in order to make sure the software can
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00203-00037744-00037983 be as usable for everyone as possible
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00204-00037984-00038102 while still remaining
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00205-00038103-00038430 stable and financially sound most
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00206-00038431-00038630 nas brands have gone into the idea that
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00207-00038631-00038783 when a nas is purchased
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00208-00038784-00039039 it arrives with some free camera
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00209-00039040-00039102 licenses
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00210-00039103-00039302 so in the case of this synology a great
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00211-00039303-00039439 two camera licenses
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00212-00039440-00039646 most qnaps arrive with either four or
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00213-00039647-00039783 eight camera licenses
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00214-00039784-00039918 depending on which surveillance software
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00215-00039919-00040095 you use and then you can attach
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00216-00040096-00040287 that many cameras completely for free
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00217-00040288-00040462 but then when you start exceeding
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00218-00040463-00040727 that number they expect you to buy
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00219-00040728-00040983 additional licenses and it's their way
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00220-00040984-00041318 of kind of sorting out which users
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00221-00041319-00041487 are using it for home and which are
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00222-00041488-00041646 using it for business
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00223-00041647-00041839 and therefore these are the ones that
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00224-00041840-00041974 are going to be the most dependent on it
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00225-00041975-00042118 and ultimately the ones that are going
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00226-00042119-00042239 to complain the most
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00227-00042240-00042462 if the system isn't tip top now whether
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00228-00042463-00042711 i agree with that or disagree with that
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00229-00042712-00042887 maybe we'll save that for another video
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00230-00042888-00043062 but this is their justification
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00231-00043063-00043230 for camera licenses and the number of
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00232-00043231-00043383 you and you buy now as you go oh we can
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00233-00043384-00043439 use it for
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00234-00043440-00043630 plex media server and you know what
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00235-00043631-00043774 we'll stick some cameras around the
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00236-00043775-00043983 house that will justify the price
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00237-00043984-00044255 understand that you should check how
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00238-00044256-00044439 many camera licenses the nas arrives
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00239-00044440-00044487 with
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00240-00044488-00044799 because they're not cheap generally a
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00241-00044800-00044958 camera license retails
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00242-00044959-00045262 per camera at an additional 30 to
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00243-00045263-00045511 50 pounds per camera just for the
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00244-00045512-00045574 license
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00245-00045575-00045846 you can buy batches of you know one
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00246-00045847-00046039 camera license two camera license four
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00247-00046040-00046335 eight and more and these batches are
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00248-00046336-00046535 better value but they're still
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00249-00046536-00046823 going to cost between 30 to 50 nikka per
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00250-00046824-00046895 camera
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00251-00046896-00047151 not including the cost of the camera so
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00252-00047152-00047415 make sure when you buy an as for camera
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00253-00047416-00047599 for surveillance that you double check
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00254-00047600-00047751 that the number of licenses it's got and
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00255-00047752-00047902 you weigh out the pros and cons
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00256-00047903-00048095 on your budget and another thing i've
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00257-00048096-00048271 not mentioned in any other video i
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00258-00048272-00048335 should add
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00259-00048336-00048599 because this is a relatively new
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00260-00048600-00048711 occurrence
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00261-00048712-00049071 where hearing and seeing some brands
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00262-00049072-00049390 change the way they handle licensing so
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00263-00049391-00049615 you'll get free camera licenses but
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00264-00049616-00049767 we're starting to see
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00265-00049768-00050102 either talked on forums or slowly
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00266-00050103-00050215 appearing on the channel
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00267-00050216-00050502 this idea of some camera licenses being
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00268-00050503-00050679 based on a time period
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00269-00050680-00050862 so they're cheaper but the camera
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00270-00050863-00051023 license lasts for
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00271-00051024-00051342 one year two years etc etc now
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00272-00051344-00051679 that i'm less certain can be justified
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00273-00051679-00051782 the idea
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00274-00051783-00051999 you buy a surveillance system and the
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00275-00052000-00052119 camera license you get
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00276-00052120-00052326 isn't the lifetime the idea that it's
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00277-00052327-00052535 cheaper so it's 20 quid or something
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00278-00052536-00052830 but that 20 quid only lasts a year or so
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00279-00052832-00052935 that's going to add
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00280-00052936-00053207 up over time so that's another subject
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00281-00053208-00053350 you really should look into
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00282-00053351-00053487 before going ahead with one of these
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00283-00053488-00053703 purchases because surveillance camera
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00284-00053704-00053782 licenses
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00285-00053783-00053982 are always one of the things that people
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00286-00053983-00054135 don't factor into their budget
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00287-00054136-00054311 and when they go do you know what we'll
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00288-00054312-00054479 spend a grand on that system and the
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00289-00054479-00054630 cameras and then suddenly they're like
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00290-00054632-00054687 oh
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00291-00054688-00054894 we can't use unless we spend another 500
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00292-00054895-00055142 pounds awful
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00293-00055144-00055423 next stand-alone surveillance now
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00294-00055424-00055615 stand-alone surveillance in the context
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00295-00055616-00055726 of nas
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00296-00055727-00055966 is a system that not only can be
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00297-00055967-00056159 accessed via the local area network the
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00298-00056160-00056287 lan and the network
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00299-00056288-00056471 generally or it can be accessed by the
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00300-00056472-00056703 internet but a standalone surveillance
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00301-00056704-00056863 solution is one that has
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00302-00056864-00057230 the nas and an hdmi out for a monitor
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00303-00057232-00057582 and support of kvn overall keyboard
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00304-00057583-00057654 video
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00305-00057655-00057871 mouse the ability to have a terminal
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00306-00057872-00058047 that they can work out click click
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00307-00058048-00058279 have the feed focus on certain cameras
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00308-00058279-00058391 all that kind of stuff
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00309-00058391-00058623 and kvm and a standalone surveillance
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00310-00058624-00058703 solution
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00311-00058704-00058950 is not as common as you think qnap
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00312-00058951-00059071 pretty much rolled a roost
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00313-00059072-00059263 on that with both surveillance station
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00314-00059264-00059430 and to a much higher standard
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00315-00059432-00059703 qvr pro but synology even though i would
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00316-00059704-00059854 argue their surveillance software is the
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00317-00059855-00059975 best overall
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00318-00059976-00060119 for lots of reasons i've talked about in
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00319-00060120-00060319 other videos only
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00320-00060320-00060599 two to three units in their entire
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00321-00060600-00060742 catalog of devices
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00322-00060744-00061079 support kvm the majority of them require
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00323-00061079-00061111 you
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00324-00061112-00061311 to have a separate standalone pc
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00325-00061312-00061519 terminal accessed by the network or the
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00326-00061520-00061694 internet to access the camera feed which
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00327-00061695-00061799 is great and the desktop
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00328-00061800-00062006 client apps but if you are looking at a
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00329-00062007-00062215 kvm cell where you want a dedicated
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00330-00062216-00062350 computer connected to
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00331-00062351-00062694 access the content of the nas as a kvm
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00332-00062695-00062863 keynote's pretty much the only one acer
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00333-00062864-00062999 store do it with their
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00334-00063000-00063342 um security center um surveillance
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00335-00063344-00063494 application but i would argue
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00336-00063495-00063679 it's nowhere near the same standard as
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00337-00063679-00063823 synology surveillance station
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00338-00063824-00064087 or qnaps qvr pro so although they do it
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00339-00064088-00064247 they don't do it to the same extent
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00340-00064248-00064687 as qnap and arguably the fact that the
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00341-00064688-00064966 modern generation of synology's dva
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00342-00064967-00065015 system
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00343-00065016-00065166 that's their deep video analytics
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00344-00065167-00065326 something we'll talk about in a moment
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00345-00065327-00065567 that system has a graphics card inside
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00346-00065568-00065775 with an hdmi port on the inside
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00347-00065776-00065926 but they cornered it off they blocked it
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00348-00065927-00066126 on the back of the unit so even though
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00349-00066127-00066350 somebody have got a surveillance unit
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00350-00066351-00066615 with a gpu card with an hdmi out
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00351-00066616-00066887 that is not one of the units from theirs
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00352-00066888-00066999 that supports
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00353-00067000-00067167 kvm and a standalone surveillance
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00354-00067168-00067406 solution so do bear that in mind
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00355-00067407-00067582 when buying a solution when you hear how
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00356-00067583-00067726 good synology surveillance
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00357-00067727-00067982 um software is and you see pictures of a
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00358-00067983-00068150 synology now as a monitor and a keyboard
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00359-00068151-00068238 and a mouse
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00360-00068239-00068471 do bear in mind that it's very specific
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00361-00068472-00068647 the nvr1219
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00362-00068648-00068999 the uh vh series uh and that's really
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00363-00069000-00069206 it those two families are the only ones
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00364-00069207-00069367 that are hdmi equipped
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00365-00069368-00069535 so i've already thought we've talked
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00366-00069536-00069687 about it there i
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00367-00069688-00069943 i um modern nas solutions now in the
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00368-00069944-00070063 last year or so
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00369-00070064-00070350 in the latest improvements and um
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00370-00070351-00070519 development in the world of surveillance
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00371-00070520-00070606 station
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00372-00070607-00070911 and um qbr pro these have started to
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00373-00070912-00070991 incorporate
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00374-00070992-00071311 ai assisted surveillance this is more
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00375-00071312-00071447 commonly known by synology
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00376-00071448-00071703 as deep video analysis not just by them
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00377-00071704-00071775 those have turned
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00378-00071776-00072047 a lot of ai power surveillance use and
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00379-00072048-00072231 in the case of qnap they refer to it as
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00380-00072232-00072423 a lot of their qvr qbr
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00381-00072424-00072703 door qbr face all these different qbr
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00382-00072704-00072855 services
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00383-00072856-00073238 and what it amounts to is ai assisted
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00384-00073239-00073367 surveillance so you've got all your
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00385-00073368-00073543 cameras they're all dotted around
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00386-00073544-00073711 and they're seeing the same things they
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00387-00073712-00073894 always have done they've just gone there
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00388-00073895-00074023 they're watching the people go by
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00389-00074024-00074359 they're watching the cars go by etc etc
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00390-00074360-00074631 but every frame of that recording is
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00391-00074632-00074887 being analyzed by the nas system
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00392-00074888-00075159 it is watching with preset parameters so
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00393-00075160-00075247 for example
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00394-00075248-00075550 if you want to know if in this shot
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00395-00075551-00075879 a certain person appears dba can help
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00396-00075880-00076038 because it can keep a record
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00397-00076039-00076255 of all the faces it can then keep a
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00398-00076256-00076487 record of all the people in its database
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00399-00076488-00076735 and if a person comes into the database
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00400-00076736-00076831 who's not
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00401-00076832-00077103 on there that person then flags an alert
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00402-00077104-00077271 it doesn't just look for people
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00403-00077272-00077615 it looks for faces something qvr face
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00404-00077616-00077799 from qnap and qbr pro does very very
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00405-00077800-00078038 well at the same time as that
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00406-00078039-00078167 people and faces aren't enough
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00407-00078168-00078359 everything from people counting so
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00408-00078360-00078511 people going in and out of a certain
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00409-00078512-00078575 doorway
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00410-00078576-00078911 it can be counted or you have an area um
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00411-00078912-00079191 on the field of view within the camera
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00412-00079192-00079326 like cameras viewpoint
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00413-00079327-00079487 and you go right i don't mind people
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00414-00079488-00079711 walking through here but if a car comes
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00415-00079712-00079775 through here
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00416-00079776-00079959 or a bike comes through here i want to
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00417-00079960-00080119 be alerted you need a
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00418-00080120-00080350 software system on the nas that can
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00419-00080351-00080575 identify the difference between a person
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00420-00080576-00080879 a camera a car a dog a handbag so
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00421-00080880-00081182 that is very much where dva
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00422-00081183-00081550 from synology and a qbi qbr ai stuff
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00423-00081551-00081847 from qnap live it is the idea that every
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00424-00081848-00082006 single frame is being analyzed by the
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00425-00082007-00082167 nas in real time
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00426-00082168-00082391 that takes a tremendous amount of
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00427-00082392-00082511 horsepower inside
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00428-00082512-00082862 definitely generally a very um
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00429-00082863-00083118 highly graphically assisted cpu so a
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00430-00083119-00083294 decent embedded graphics processor there
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00431-00083295-00083455 at least an i3 and above
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00432-00083456-00083823 or a dedicated graphics card inside
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00433-00083824-00084055 this is being helped to a degree with
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00434-00084056-00084223 support of the
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00435-00084224-00084543 coral m2 that google tpu from qnap i
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00436-00084544-00084662 think we've already talked about it on
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00437-00084663-00084791 the channel already we've got another
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00438-00084792-00084950 video coming up soon on that
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00439-00084951-00085318 but um both brands make a big song and
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00440-00085319-00085567 dance of talking about ai assisted
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00441-00085568-00085662 surveillance
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00442-00085663-00085991 on multiple platforms and then slightly
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00443-00085992-00086343 forget to mention that ai assisted
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00444-00086344-00086438 surveillance
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00445-00086439-00086703 is by no means supported on the majority
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00446-00086704-00086831 of their systems i would say from
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00447-00086832-00086926 synology
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00448-00086927-00087262 it is supported on exactly two nases
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00449-00087263-00087662 the dva 3219 and the dv83221
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00450-00087663-00087887 so if you hear about these great things
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00451-00087888-00088143 um from ai assisted surveillance
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00452-00088144-00088406 and synology software remember it's only
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00453-00088407-00088599 available on those two systems
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00454-00088600-00088943 and with qnap it's technically available
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00455-00088944-00089103 on all of their systems
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00456-00089104-00089318 but if you don't have the hardware and
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00457-00089319-00089406 the horsepower
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00458-00089407-00089623 and we are talking at least eight to 16
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00459-00089624-00089767 gig of memory we are talking
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00460-00089768-00090071 at least an i3 and above processor
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00461-00090072-00090255 if you are not talking at least support
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00462-00090256-00090375 of a graphics card
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00463-00090376-00090671 inside there on one of the few supported
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00464-00090672-00090847 graphics cards from qnap
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00465-00090848-00090975 either you're not going to be able to
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00466-00090976-00091143 run it at all or you're going to be
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00467-00091144-00091311 running such a poor performance that you
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00468-00091312-00091487 put the integrity of your surveillance
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00469-00091488-00091543 setup
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00470-00091544-00091838 at risk so if you are interested in ai
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00471-00091839-00091903 triple
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00472-00091904-00092135 to triple check that right now the
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00473-00092136-00092318 system you're looking at actually has it
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00474-00092319-00092662 because you may be not lied to be maybe
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00475-00092663-00092775 being miss sold
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00476-00092776-00093023 something via a mission the final thing
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00477-00093024-00093159 to talk about
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00478-00093160-00093447 and something again sorry to rag on all
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00479-00093448-00093647 the nas brands and i'm talking about all
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00480-00093648-00093862 of the nas brands here
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00481-00093863-00094174 this idea of surveillance on affordable
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00482-00094175-00094223 nas
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00483-00094224-00094423 systems if you look at the spec sheets
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00484-00094424-00094606 from any of these nas brands
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00485-00094607-00094750 you scroll all the way down to the
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00486-00094751-00094967 bottom you scroll you scroll you scroll
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00487-00094968-00095079 them right there at the bottom there'll
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00488-00095080-00095255 be a tab about surveillance it'll go
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00489-00095256-00095511 whoa this nas it supports 12 cameras
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00490-00095512-00095647 this now supports 20
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00491-00095648-00095935 this one 40 this one 80 and you're like
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00492-00095936-00096111 oh great fantastic i can chuck all those
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00493-00096112-00096206 cameras on
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00494-00096207-00096535 hold your high horses the problem is one
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00495-00096536-00096743 a lot of the times those are idealistic
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00496-00096744-00096967 numbers and they are based on maximum
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00497-00096968-00097062 memory on the device
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00498-00097063-00097255 and they are based at certain uh
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00499-00097256-00097479 recording quality levels maybe 15 frames
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00500-00097480-00097671 per second at a lower resolution
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00501-00097672-00097871 they do make it they over the last year
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00502-00097872-00098047 or two they have gone to the trouble of
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00503-00098048-00098182 breaking it down into recording
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00504-00098183-00098303 resolution quality
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00505-00098304-00098526 which is better but still nonetheless
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00506-00098527-00098718 they are very idealistic
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00507-00098719-00099023 numbers there secondly you may notice
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00508-00099024-00099294 that a lot of the time the brackets for
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00509-00099295-00099399 those numbers
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00510-00099400-00099615 jump kind of one to five cameras five to
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00511-00099616-00099782 twelve cameras twelve to twenty cameras
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00512-00099783-00099982 or sixteen cameras sixteen
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00513-00099983-00100199 the reason for that is mostly because of
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00514-00100200-00100350 the cpu
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00515-00100351-00100647 now the cpu inside a lot of these now is
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00516-00100648-00100718 pretty
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00517-00100719-00100999 much the main deciding point for the
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00518-00101000-00101174 number of cameras you can use
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00519-00101175-00101447 we can talk about faster media chucking
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00520-00101448-00101599 in a load of memory in there
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00521-00101600-00101806 stick a graphics card you can sell what
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00522-00101807-00101967 you want but ultimately
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00523-00101968-00102287 that cpu is one of the biggest
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00524-00102288-00102486 potential bottlenecks of any
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00525-00102488-00102623 surveillance setup
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00526-00102624-00102966 so in an arm-based cpu which are far
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00527-00102967-00103054 more efficient
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00528-00103055-00103302 and they use compressed lines of code
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00529-00103303-00103454 through the processor to get
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00530-00103455-00103623 jobs done with less power be consumed
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00531-00103624-00103806 generating less heat
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00532-00103807-00104127 these cpus will generally support at
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00533-00104128-00104182 most
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00534-00104183-00104454 comfortably around eight to ten cameras
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00535-00104455-00104558 they may say
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00536-00104559-00104775 they'll support 12 or 16 cameras but
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00537-00104776-00104990 those are idealistic scenarios
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00538-00104991-00105375 i would not use an arm 32-bit processor
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00539-00105376-00105566 for more than about eight to ten cameras
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00540-00105567-00105702 and even then the nas
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00541-00105703-00105902 shouldn't be doing anything else if it's
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00542-00105903-00106190 an arm 64-bit processor these are far
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00543-00106191-00106247 more
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00544-00106248-00106415 modern generation from the likes of real
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00545-00106416-00106623 tech and the rtd 1296
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00546-00106624-00107127 those 15 to maybe 20 cameras at the very
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00547-00107128-00107302 lower qualities
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00548-00107303-00107431 those are the ones where if you're going
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00549-00107432-00107623 to run that many cameras again you're
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00550-00107624-00107790 going to spend a fortune on licenses
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00551-00107791-00108086 i've got to say that arm64 bit ones even
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00552-00108088-00108207 though a lot of them
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00553-00108208-00108558 seem to say 20 to 25 cameras nice
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00554-00108559-00108927 it's really not the case okay 1520 max
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00555-00108928-00109095 everything after that again we are
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00556-00109096-00109295 talking about your intel's and amd 64
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00557-00109296-00109351 bit
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00558-00109352-00109710 um x86 processors 25
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00559-00109711-00110023 30 cameras they say 40 don't buy that
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00560-00110024-00110190 if you're you can try and go for 40
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00561-00110191-00110358 cameras if you like and max the system
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00562-00110359-00110390 out
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00563-00110391-00110615 maybe use some ssds as well but bear in
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00564-00110616-00110823 mind that is an idealistic
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00565-00110824-00111086 and not ideal picture quality there when
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00566-00111088-00111231 you could have to lower things around
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00567-00111232-00111375 and you've got to think of the bandwidth
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00568-00111376-00111495 you're channeling through
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00569-00111496-00111702 on those cameras as well it's only when
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00570-00111703-00111902 you look at xeons or you look at
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00571-00111903-00112110 intel core processors or you look at
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00572-00112111-00112263 graphically assisted eons
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00573-00112264-00112486 that you can start talking about 40 50
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00574-00112488-00112639 60 70 cameras
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00575-00112640-00112910 and even then once again we are talking
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00576-00112911-00113110 a tremendous amount of bandwidth
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00577-00113111-00113327 of footage being sent down the ethernet
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00578-00113328-00113471 cables on these cameras
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00579-00113472-00113654 all dotted around your home or business
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00580-00113655-00113807 environment and that's when you go look
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00581-00113808-00113999 at 10g so that's another bottleneck
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00582-00114000-00114254 for another day but this has been using
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00583-00114255-00114375 a nas for surveillance
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00584-00114376-00114566 before you buy i hope you found it
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00585-00114567-00114702 helpful and if you have
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00586-00114703-00114951 chat me a like if you want to learn more
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00587-00114952-00115151 about this or see more before you buys
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00588-00115152-00115310 go to the description and bang the
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00589-00115311-00115478 subscribe button and go through some of
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00590-00115479-00115551 the old vids
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00591-00115552-00115799 and if you are looking for a right now
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00592-00115800-00115966 for surveillance you're looking
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00593-00115967-00116175 to spend your money on a new solution
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00594-00116176-00116334 and you're slightly trepidatious maybe
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00595-00116335-00116463 it's an upgrade maybe it's your first
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00596-00116464-00116590 steps into this and you want a
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00597-00116591-00116719 recommendation for the nas or the
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00598-00116720-00116790 cameras
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00599-00116791-00116990 use the free advice section at nas
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00600-00116991-00117127 comparison not the comments
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00601-00117128-00117334 the free advice section there over on
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00602-00117335-00117583 the blog it's manned by myself and eddie
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00603-00117583-00117671 no one else
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00604-00117672-00117847 it's not automated it's not done for
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00605-00117848-00118023 profit we don't sell these things
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00606-00118024-00118247 we just give the free advice it may take
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00607-00118248-00118383 us an extra day or two to answer your
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00608-00118383-00118527 query because it is only the two of us
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00609-00118528-00118710 but we will answer every email thank you
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00610-00118711-00118854 so much for watching i hope you enjoyed
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00611-00118855-00119015 the video and i will see you
+VzdC70ZZXG4-00612-00119016-00119311 next time
+V-p6EEt7yvY-00000-00000019-00000289 young Negro we are five rolling homeless
+V-p6EEt7yvY-00001-00000290-00000671 and this is 20 degrees
+V_aOFMq4ZfU-00001-00003511-00003847 so
+V_aOFMq4ZfU-00002-00003849-00005735 [Music]
+V_aOFMq4ZfU-00003-00005736-00005944 you
+VCnyPBWquzI-00000-00000046-00000318 the malayali people or Keralite people
+VCnyPBWquzI-00001-00000319-00000569 also spelt Malayalee malayalam script
+VCnyPBWquzI-00002-00000570-00000803 Malayali and cara leah are a Dravidian
+VCnyPBWquzI-00003-00000805-00000975 ethnic group originating from the
+VCnyPBWquzI-00004-00000976-00001254 present-day state of Kerala India they
+VCnyPBWquzI-00005-00001255-00001467 are identified as native speakers of the
+VCnyPBWquzI-00006-00001468-00001659 Malayalam language which is classified
+VCnyPBWquzI-00007-00001660-00001839 as part of the Dravidian family of
+VCnyPBWquzI-00008-00001839-00002106 languages as they primarily live in
+VCnyPBWquzI-00009-00002107-00002322 Kerala the word keralite is used as an
+VCnyPBWquzI-00010-00002323-00002625 alternative to Malayali according to the
+VCnyPBWquzI-00011-00002626-00002835 Indian census of 2011 there are
+VCnyPBWquzI-00012-00002836-00003090 approximately 33 million Mali ollies in
+VCnyPBWquzI-00013-00003091-00003396 Kerala making up 96.7 percent of the
+VCnyPBWquzI-00014-00003397-00003681 total population of the state Malayali
+VCnyPBWquzI-00015-00003682-00003861 minorities are also found in the
+VCnyPBWquzI-00016-00003861-00004077 neighboring state of Tamil Nadu mainly
+VCnyPBWquzI-00017-00004078-00004284 in Kanyakumari district and also in
+VCnyPBWquzI-00018-00004285-00004491 other metropolitan areas of India over
+VCnyPBWquzI-00019-00004492-00004772 the course of the later half of the 20th
+VCnyPBWquzI-00020-00004773-00005016 century significant Malayali communities
+VCnyPBWquzI-00021-00005017-00005213 have emerged in Persian Gulf countries
+VCnyPBWquzI-00022-00005214-00005438 including the United Arab Emirates Saudi
+VCnyPBWquzI-00023-00005439-00005724 Arabia Oman Qatar and Kuwait and to a
+VCnyPBWquzI-00024-00005725-00005936 lesser extent other developed nations
+VCnyPBWquzI-00025-00005937-00006120 with a primarily immigrant background
+VCnyPBWquzI-00026-00006121-00006369 such as the United States United Kingdom
+VCnyPBWquzI-00027-00006370-00006734 Australia and Canada as of 2013 there
+VCnyPBWquzI-00028-00006736-00006993 were an estimated 1.6 million ethnic
+VCnyPBWquzI-00029-00006994-00007289 Malayali expatriates worldwide according
+VCnyPBWquzI-00030-00007290-00007581 to AR raja raja varma malayalam was the
+VCnyPBWquzI-00031-00007581-00007764 name of the place before it became the
+VCnyPBWquzI-00032-00007765-00007914 name of the language spoken by the
+VCnyPBWquzI-00033-00007915-00008458 people
+VCnyPBWquzI-00034-00008459-00009007 topic etymology
+VCnyPBWquzI-00035-00009008-00009236 malayalam the native language of Mali
+VCnyPBWquzI-00036-00009237-00009431 Ollie's has its origin from the words
+VCnyPBWquzI-00037-00009432-00009626 mala meaning mountain and a lamb meaning
+VCnyPBWquzI-00038-00009627-00009935 land or locality hence the term Malayali
+VCnyPBWquzI-00039-00009936-00010124 refers to the people from the mountains
+VCnyPBWquzI-00040-00010125-00010292 who live beyond the Western Ghats
+VCnyPBWquzI-00041-00010293-00010457 in Malayalam the language that was
+VCnyPBWquzI-00042-00010458-00010781 spoken there the Skanda Purana mentions
+VCnyPBWquzI-00043-00010782-00010961 the ecclesiastical office of the
+VCnyPBWquzI-00044-00010962-00011141 Thatcher daya camel who is referred to
+VCnyPBWquzI-00045-00011142-00011363 as money Kim Carol are the Ruby king of
+VCnyPBWquzI-00046-00011364-00011570 Kerala synonymous with the deity of the
+VCnyPBWquzI-00047-00011571-00011822 coudl manikyam temple hence the term
+VCnyPBWquzI-00048-00011823-00012032 Carol are seemed to precede the usage of
+VCnyPBWquzI-00049-00012033-00012446 the word malayalam malayalam topic
+VCnyPBWquzI-00050-00012447-00012677 geographic distribution and population
+VCnyPBWquzI-00051-00012678-00012908 according to the indian census of 2001
+VCnyPBWquzI-00052-00012909-00013066 there were thirty million eight hundred
+VCnyPBWquzI-00053-00013067-00013331 three thousand seven hundred forty-seven
+VCnyPBWquzI-00054-00013332-00013568 speakers of malayalam in kerala making
+VCnyPBWquzI-00055-00013569-00013772 up ninety three point two percent of the
+VCnyPBWquzI-00056-00013772-00013979 total number of malayalam speakers in
+VCnyPBWquzI-00057-00013980-00014207 india and ninety six point seven percent
+VCnyPBWquzI-00058-00014208-00014390 of the total population of the state
+VCnyPBWquzI-00059-00014391-00014644 there were a further seven hundred one
+VCnyPBWquzI-00060-00014646-00014876 thousand six hundred seventy three two
+VCnyPBWquzI-00061-00014877-00015083 point one percent of the total number in
+VCnyPBWquzI-00062-00015084-00015299 karnataka five hundred fifty-seven
+VCnyPBWquzI-00063-00015300-00015686 thousand seven hundred 51.7% in tamil
+VCnyPBWquzI-00064-00015687-00016157 nadu and four hundred 6350 81.2% in
+VCnyPBWquzI-00065-00016158-00016436 maharashtra the number of malayalam
+VCnyPBWquzI-00066-00016437-00016685 speakers in laxity is fifty one thousand
+VCnyPBWquzI-00067-00016686-00016985 one hundred which is only 0.15 percent
+VCnyPBWquzI-00068-00016986-00017165 of the total number but as as much as
+VCnyPBWquzI-00069-00017166-00017459 about 84% of the population of laxity in
+VCnyPBWquzI-00070-00017460-00017768 all Mali ollies made up three point two
+VCnyPBWquzI-00071-00017769-00017939 two percent of the total indian
+VCnyPBWquzI-00072-00017940-00018272 population in 2001 of the total thirty
+VCnyPBWquzI-00073-00018273-00018497 three million sixty-six thousand three
+VCnyPBWquzI-00074-00018498-00018731 hundred ninety-two malayalam speakers in
+VCnyPBWquzI-00075-00018732-00019028 india in 2001 thirty three million 15
+VCnyPBWquzI-00076-00019029-00019225 thousand four hundred twenty spoke the
+VCnyPBWquzI-00077-00019226-00019454 standard dialects nineteen thousand six
+VCnyPBWquzI-00078-00019455-00019652 hundred forty three spoke the yarra via
+VCnyPBWquzI-00079-00019653-00019847 dialect and thirty one thousand three
+VCnyPBWquzI-00080-00019848-00020060 hundred twenty nine spoke non-standard
+VCnyPBWquzI-00081-00020061-00020255 regional variations like Aaron Aiden as
+VCnyPBWquzI-00082-00020256-00020603 per the 1991 census data twenty eight
+VCnyPBWquzI-00083-00020604-00020765 point eight five percent of all
+VCnyPBWquzI-00084-00020766-00020972 malayalam speakers in india spoke a
+VCnyPBWquzI-00085-00020973-00021167 second language in nineteen point six
+VCnyPBWquzI-00086-00021168-00021386 four percent of the total knew three or
+VCnyPBWquzI-00087-00021387-00021641 more languages just before independence
+VCnyPBWquzI-00088-00021642-00021872 Malaya attracted a large number of
+VCnyPBWquzI-00089-00021873-00022130 Malayalis large numbers of Mali Ollie's
+VCnyPBWquzI-00090-00022131-00022373 have settled in Bangalore Mangalore
+VCnyPBWquzI-00091-00022374-00022667 Coimbatore Hyderabad Mumbai Bombay
+VCnyPBWquzI-00092-00022668-00022949 Ahmedabad Pune and Chennai Madras a
+VCnyPBWquzI-00093-00022950-00023228 large number of Mali alleys have also
+VCnyPBWquzI-00094-00023229-00023435 emigrated to the Middle East the United
+VCnyPBWquzI-00095-00023436-00023798 States in Europe accessed November 22nd
+VCnyPBWquzI-00096-00023799-00024047 2014 including a large number of
+VCnyPBWquzI-00097-00024048-00024284 professionals there were seven thousand
+VCnyPBWquzI-00098-00024285-00024473 ninety three malayalam speakers in
+VCnyPBWquzI-00099-00024474-00024878 Australia in 2006 the 2001 Canadian
+VCnyPBWquzI-00100-00024879-00025109 census reported seven thousand seventy
+VCnyPBWquzI-00101-00025110-00025298 people who listed malayalam as their
+VCnyPBWquzI-00102-00025299-00025460 mother tongue mostly in the Greater
+VCnyPBWquzI-00103-00025461-00025694 Toronto Area and southern Ontario
+VCnyPBWquzI-00104-00025695-00026002 in 2010 the census of population of
+VCnyPBWquzI-00105-00026004-00026219 Singapore reported that there were 26
+VCnyPBWquzI-00106-00026220-00026408 thousand three hundred forty eight malai
+VCnyPBWquzI-00107-00026408-00026756 leaves in Singapore the 2006 New Zealand
+VCnyPBWquzI-00108-00026757-00026966 census reported two thousand one hundred
+VCnyPBWquzI-00109-00026967-00027358 thirty nine speakers 134 Malayalam
+VCnyPBWquzI-00110-00027360-00027552 speaking households were reported in
+VCnyPBWquzI-00111-00027554-00027863 1956 in Fiji there is also a
+VCnyPBWquzI-00112-00027864-00028102 considerable malayali population in the
+VCnyPBWquzI-00113-00028104-00028298 Persian Gulf regions especially in
+VCnyPBWquzI-00114-00028299-00028616 Bahrain Muscat Doha Dubai Abu Dhabi
+VCnyPBWquzI-00115-00028617-00028826 Kuwait and European region mainly in
+VCnyPBWquzI-00116-00028827-00029362 London
+VCnyPBWquzI-00117-00029363-00029937 topic history and culture
+VCnyPBWquzI-00118-00029938-00030207 Malayali cultural Genesis can be traced
+VCnyPBWquzI-00119-00030208-00030360 to their membership in a well-defined
+VCnyPBWquzI-00120-00030361-00030591 historical region known as Tamela cam
+VCnyPBWquzI-00121-00030592-00030810 encompassing the shara Chola and Pandya
+VCnyPBWquzI-00122-00030811-00031008 kingdoms and southern coastal Karnataka
+VCnyPBWquzI-00123-00031008-00031356 the malayali live in an historic area
+VCnyPBWquzI-00124-00031357-00031557 known as the Malabar Coast which for
+VCnyPBWquzI-00125-00031558-00031710 thousands of years has been a major
+VCnyPBWquzI-00126-00031711-00031911 center of the International spice trade
+VCnyPBWquzI-00127-00031912-00032097 operating at least from the Roman era
+VCnyPBWquzI-00128-00032098-00032301 with Ptolemy documenting it on his map
+VCnyPBWquzI-00129-00032302-00032637 of the world in 150 AD for that reason a
+VCnyPBWquzI-00130-00032638-00032829 highly distinct culture was created
+VCnyPBWquzI-00131-00032830-00033015 among the malayali due to centuries of
+VCnyPBWquzI-00132-00033016-00033198 contact with foreign cultures through
+VCnyPBWquzI-00133-00033199-00033447 the spice trade the arrival of the coach
+VCnyPBWquzI-00134-00033448-00033654 and Jews and the rise of st. Thomas
+VCnyPBWquzI-00135-00033655-00033828 Christians in particular were very
+VCnyPBWquzI-00136-00033829-00034002 significant in shaping modern-day
+VCnyPBWquzI-00137-00034003-00034332 Malayali culture later Portuguese Latin
+VCnyPBWquzI-00138-00034333-00034566 Christians Dutch Malabar French maje
+VCnyPBWquzI-00139-00034567-00034779 British English and Arabian Muslim
+VCnyPBWquzI-00140-00034780-00035013 communities which arrived after 1498
+VCnyPBWquzI-00141-00035014-00035226 left their mark as well making Kerala
+VCnyPBWquzI-00142-00035227-00035498 even more colorful vibrant and diverse
+VCnyPBWquzI-00143-00035499-00035772 Mali alleys can now be seen in all the
+VCnyPBWquzI-00144-00035773-00035901 countries of the world with the
+VCnyPBWquzI-00145-00035902-00036093 excellence of adaptation to any culture
+VCnyPBWquzI-00146-00036094-00036549 food habits language in 2017 a detailed
+VCnyPBWquzI-00147-00036550-00036750 study of the evolution of the Singapore
+VCnyPBWquzI-00148-00036751-00036951 Malayalee community over a period of
+VCnyPBWquzI-00149-00036952-00037167 more than 100 years was published as a
+VCnyPBWquzI-00150-00037168-00037392 book from Kerala to Singapore voices of
+VCnyPBWquzI-00151-00037393-00037644 the Singapore Malayalee community it is
+VCnyPBWquzI-00152-00037645-00037839 believed to be the first in-depth study
+VCnyPBWquzI-00153-00037840-00038034 of the presence of NRI Malayalee
+VCnyPBWquzI-00154-00038035-00038665 community outside of Kerala
+VCnyPBWquzI-00155-00038666-00039242 topic language and literature
+VCnyPBWquzI-00156-00039243-00039471 malayalam is the language spoken by the
+VCnyPBWquzI-00157-00039472-00039733 male ollies Malayalam is derived from
+VCnyPBWquzI-00158-00039734-00039930 old Tamil and Sanskrit in the 6th
+VCnyPBWquzI-00159-00039931-00040252 century for cultural purposes Malayalam
+VCnyPBWquzI-00160-00040253-00040432 and Sanskrit formed a language known as
+VCnyPBWquzI-00161-00040433-00040651 manipro vollum where both languages were
+VCnyPBWquzI-00162-00040652-00040948 used in an alternating style Malayalam
+VCnyPBWquzI-00163-00040949-00041107 is the only language among the major
+VCnyPBWquzI-00164-00041108-00041323 Dravidian languages without diglossia
+VCnyPBWquzI-00165-00041324-00041580 this means that the Malayalam which is
+VCnyPBWquzI-00166-00041581-00041749 spoken does not differ from the written
+VCnyPBWquzI-00167-00041750-00042021 variant Malayalam is written using the
+VCnyPBWquzI-00168-00042022-00042355 Malayalam script Malayalam literature is
+VCnyPBWquzI-00169-00042356-00042457 ancient in origin
+VCnyPBWquzI-00170-00042458-00042679 the oldest literature works in Malayalam
+VCnyPBWquzI-00171-00042680-00042892 distinct from the Tamil tradition is
+VCnyPBWquzI-00172-00042893-00043114 dated between the ninth century and 11th
+VCnyPBWquzI-00173-00043115-00043405 century Malayalam literature includes
+VCnyPBWquzI-00174-00043406-00043671 the 14th century Neron in poets Madhava
+VCnyPBWquzI-00175-00043672-00043908 Panikkar sankarapandi Karan Rama
+VCnyPBWquzI-00176-00043909-00044095 Panikkar whose works marked the dawn of
+VCnyPBWquzI-00177-00044096-00044299 both modern Malayalam language and
+VCnyPBWquzI-00178-00044300-00044539 indigenous Keralite poetry the
+VCnyPBWquzI-00179-00044540-00044661 triumvirate of poets
+VCnyPBWquzI-00180-00044662-00044908 --kavitha 'm Kumaran asan valley fall
+VCnyPBWquzI-00181-00044909-00045154 narayana menon and allure s parameswaran
+VCnyPBWquzI-00182-00045155-00045367 are recognized for moving Keralite
+VCnyPBWquzI-00183-00045368-00045576 poetry away from archaic sophistry and
+VCnyPBWquzI-00184-00045577-00045780 metaphysics and towards a more lyrical
+VCnyPBWquzI-00185-00045781-00046095 mode in 19th century Chavarria korea
+VCnyPBWquzI-00186-00046096-00046326 chose elias the founder of Carmelites of
+VCnyPBWquzI-00187-00046327-00046518 mary immaculate and congregation of
+VCnyPBWquzI-00188-00046519-00046680 mother of carmel congregations
+VCnyPBWquzI-00189-00046681-00046851 contribute different streams in the
+VCnyPBWquzI-00190-00046852-00047127 malayalam literature all his works are
+VCnyPBWquzI-00191-00047128-00047518 written between 1829 and 1870 Javaris
+VCnyPBWquzI-00192-00047519-00047733 contribution to Malayalam literature
+VCnyPBWquzI-00193-00047734-00047964 includes chronicles poems athma Natha
+VCnyPBWquzI-00194-00047965-00048207 pam compunction of the soul marin avital
+VCnyPBWquzI-00195-00048208-00048405 padieu vanilla panda poem to sing in the
+VCnyPBWquzI-00196-00048406-00048645 bereaved house and anestachio de rock -
+VCnyPBWquzI-00197-00048646-00048939 action and other literary works in the
+VCnyPBWquzI-00198-00048940-00049180 second half of the 20th century jane and
+VCnyPBWquzI-00199-00049181-00049399 pith awardees like ji sang kura-kura
+VCnyPBWquzI-00200-00049400-00049686 sk potica that cozy savasana Cara pillai
+VCnyPBWquzI-00201-00049687-00049926 and M T Vasudevan Nair and non je n'en
+VCnyPBWquzI-00202-00049927-00050157 pith awardees like Viko mohammad Bashir
+VCnyPBWquzI-00203-00050158-00050370 have made valuable contributions to the
+VCnyPBWquzI-00204-00050371-00050727 Malayalam literature later such Keralite
+VCnyPBWquzI-00205-00050728-00050955 writers as Oh viva Jiayin kama Ladas
+VCnyPBWquzI-00206-00050956-00051229 cocoon Aden Sugata Kumari and mukundan
+VCnyPBWquzI-00207-00051229-00051417 and Booker Prize winner Arundhati Roy
+VCnyPBWquzI-00208-00051419-00051689 whose 1996 semi autobiographical
+VCnyPBWquzI-00209-00051690-00051942 bestseller the god of small things has
+VCnyPBWquzI-00210-00051944-00052158 said in the condom town of I Eminem have
+VCnyPBWquzI-00211-00052159-00052375 gained international recognition Kerala
+VCnyPBWquzI-00212-00052376-00052549 remains a fascinating riddle for the
+VCnyPBWquzI-00213-00052550-00052585 India
+VCnyPBWquzI-00214-00052586-00052776 diaspora especially the younger
+VCnyPBWquzI-00215-00052777-00053023 generations world Malayali council with
+VCnyPBWquzI-00216-00053024-00053232 its sister organization international
+VCnyPBWquzI-00217-00053233-00053424 institute for scientific and academic
+VCnyPBWquzI-00218-00053425-00053665 collaboration i ISAC
+VCnyPBWquzI-00219-00053666-00053856 has come out with a comprehensive book
+VCnyPBWquzI-00220-00053857-00054054 on kerala titled introduction to
+VCnyPBWquzI-00221-00054055-00054271 careless studies specially intended for
+VCnyPBWquzI-00222-00054272-00054579 the malayali diaspora across the globe j
+VCnyPBWquzI-00223-00054580-00054811 vivillon Elam former vice-chancellor of
+VCnyPBWquzI-00224-00054812-00055026 the University of Kerala Sonny Luke
+VCnyPBWquzI-00225-00055027-00055257 medical scientist and former professor
+VCnyPBWquzI-00226-00055258-00055471 of medical biotechnology at Adelphi
+VCnyPBWquzI-00227-00055472-00055719 University New York and Antony polaco
+VCnyPBWquzI-00228-00055720-00055975 professor of sociology at the Loyola
+VCnyPBWquzI-00229-00055976-00056188 College of Social Sciences into Riven
+VCnyPBWquzI-00230-00056189-00056338 and to Purim have edited the book
+VCnyPBWquzI-00231-00056339-00057026 besides making other contributions to it
+VCnyPBWquzI-00232-00057027-00057523 topic Theravada
+VCnyPBWquzI-00233-00057524-00057799 Theravada as a system of joint family
+VCnyPBWquzI-00234-00057800-00058017 practiced by Molly Ollie's especially
+VCnyPBWquzI-00235-00058019-00058251 cast snares a Java Thea's and other
+VCnyPBWquzI-00236-00058252-00058482 prominent religious groups each
+VCnyPBWquzI-00237-00058483-00058707 Theravada has a unique name the
+VCnyPBWquzI-00238-00058708-00058876 Theravada was administered by the
+VCnyPBWquzI-00239-00058877-00059076 korenev are the oldest male member of
+VCnyPBWquzI-00240-00059077-00059311 the family he would be the eldest
+VCnyPBWquzI-00241-00059312-00059517 maternal uncle of the family as well
+VCnyPBWquzI-00242-00059519-00059779 the members of the Theravada consisted
+VCnyPBWquzI-00243-00059779-00060022 of mother daughters sons sisters and
+VCnyPBWquzI-00244-00060023-00060279 brothers the fathers and husbands had
+VCnyPBWquzI-00245-00060280-00060475 very minimal role to play in the affairs
+VCnyPBWquzI-00246-00060476-00060712 of the Theravada it was a true
+VCnyPBWquzI-00247-00060713-00060969 matrilineal affair the karana Vaart took
+VCnyPBWquzI-00248-00060970-00061182 all major decisions he was usually
+VCnyPBWquzI-00249-00061183-00061444 autocratic however the consent of the
+VCnyPBWquzI-00250-00061445-00061636 eldest female member of the family was
+VCnyPBWquzI-00251-00061637-00061828 taken before implementing the decisions
+VCnyPBWquzI-00252-00061829-00062094 this eldest female member would be his
+VCnyPBWquzI-00253-00062095-00062311 maternal grandmother own mother mother's
+VCnyPBWquzI-00254-00062312-00062515 sister his own sister or a sister
+VCnyPBWquzI-00255-00062516-00062757 through his maternal lineage since the
+VCnyPBWquzI-00256-00062758-00062926 lineage was through the female members
+VCnyPBWquzI-00257-00062927-00063088 the birth of a daughter was always
+VCnyPBWquzI-00258-00063089-00063400 welcomed each Theravada also has a para
+VCnyPBWquzI-00259-00063401-00063637 devatha clan deity revered by those in
+VCnyPBWquzI-00260-00063638-00063904 the particular Theravada temples were
+VCnyPBWquzI-00261-00063904-00064191 built to honor these deities careless
+VCnyPBWquzI-00262-00064192-00064401 society is less patriarchal than the
+VCnyPBWquzI-00263-00064402-00064656 rest of India certain Hindu communities
+VCnyPBWquzI-00264-00064657-00064888 such as the nares some a Java families
+VCnyPBWquzI-00265-00064889-00065122 in travancore and cochin Diaz in North
+VCnyPBWquzI-00266-00065123-00065362 Kerala and Muslims around canner varkala
+VCnyPBWquzI-00267-00065363-00065575 and ed IVA in two of ananthapuram used
+VCnyPBWquzI-00268-00065576-00065743 to follow a traditional matrilineal
+VCnyPBWquzI-00269-00065744-00065962 system known as Meru McCarthy um which
+VCnyPBWquzI-00270-00065963-00066154 has in the recent years post Indian
+VCnyPBWquzI-00271-00066155-00066448 independence ceased to exist Christians
+VCnyPBWquzI-00272-00066449-00066685 Muslims and some Hindu castes such as
+VCnyPBWquzI-00273-00066686-00066856 the Nambu theorists and some a Javas
+VCnyPBWquzI-00274-00066857-00067104 follow maka Thiam a patrilineal system
+VCnyPBWquzI-00275-00067105-00067354 Carolus gender relations are among the
+VCnyPBWquzI-00276-00067355-00067561 most equitable in India and the majority
+VCnyPBWquzI-00277-00067562-00068075 world
+VCnyPBWquzI-00278-00068076-00068591 topic architecture
+VCnyPBWquzI-00279-00068592-00068848 Kerala the native land of Mali ollies
+VCnyPBWquzI-00280-00068849-00069043 has a tropical climate with excessive
+VCnyPBWquzI-00281-00069044-00069331 rains and intensive solar radiation the
+VCnyPBWquzI-00282-00069332-00069535 architecture of this region has evolved
+VCnyPBWquzI-00283-00069536-00069718 to meet these climatic conditions by
+VCnyPBWquzI-00284-00069719-00069890 having the form of buildings with low
+VCnyPBWquzI-00285-00069891-00070122 walls sloping roof and projecting caves
+VCnyPBWquzI-00286-00070123-00070378 the setting of the building in the open
+VCnyPBWquzI-00287-00070379-00070588 garden plot was again necessitated by
+VCnyPBWquzI-00288-00070589-00070753 the requirement of wind for giving
+VCnyPBWquzI-00289-00070754-00070946 comfort in the humid climate timber is
+VCnyPBWquzI-00290-00070947-00071153 the prime structural material abundantly
+VCnyPBWquzI-00291-00071154-00071386 available in many varieties in Kerala
+VCnyPBWquzI-00292-00071387-00071635 perhaps the skillful choice of timber
+VCnyPBWquzI-00293-00071636-00071860 accurate joinery artful assembly and
+VCnyPBWquzI-00294-00071861-00072067 delicate carving of woodwork for columns
+VCnyPBWquzI-00295-00072068-00072265 walls and roofs frames are the unique
+VCnyPBWquzI-00296-00072266-00072493 characteristics of Malayali Architecture
+VCnyPBWquzI-00297-00072494-00072772 from the limitations of the materials a
+VCnyPBWquzI-00298-00072773-00072985 mixed-motive construction was evolved in
+VCnyPBWquzI-00299-00072986-00073285 Mali Olle architecture the stonework was
+VCnyPBWquzI-00300-00073286-00073444 restricted to the plinth even in
+VCnyPBWquzI-00301-00073445-00073659 important buildings such as temples
+VCnyPBWquzI-00302-00073660-00073951 laterite was used for walls the roof
+VCnyPBWquzI-00303-00073952-00074116 structure and timber was covered with
+VCnyPBWquzI-00304-00074117-00074309 palm leaf thatching for most buildings
+VCnyPBWquzI-00305-00074310-00074512 and rarely with tiles for palaces or
+VCnyPBWquzI-00306-00074513-00074800 temples the kerala murals are paintings
+VCnyPBWquzI-00307-00074801-00074998 with vegetable dyes on wet walls in
+VCnyPBWquzI-00308-00074999-00075250 subdued shades of brown the indigenous
+VCnyPBWquzI-00309-00075251-00075493 adoption of the available raw materials
+VCnyPBWquzI-00310-00075494-00075667 and their transformation as enduring
+VCnyPBWquzI-00311-00075668-00075880 media for architectural expression thus
+VCnyPBWquzI-00312-00075881-00076040 became the dominant feature of the
+VCnyPBWquzI-00313-00076041-00076668 malayali style of architecture
+VCnyPBWquzI-00314-00076669-00077152 topic Nullah k2
+VCnyPBWquzI-00315-00077153-00077425 nollie k2 was a housing style in Kerala
+VCnyPBWquzI-00316-00077426-00077674 Nala kid 2 as a quadrangular building
+VCnyPBWquzI-00317-00077675-00077866 constructed after following the tattoo
+VCnyPBWquzI-00318-00077867-00078151 sastra science of carpentry it was a
+VCnyPBWquzI-00319-00078152-00078325 typical house which was flanked by
+VCnyPBWquzI-00320-00078326-00078616 outhouses and utility structures the
+VCnyPBWquzI-00321-00078617-00078823 large house Mollica 2 is constructed
+VCnyPBWquzI-00322-00078824-00079045 within a large compound it was called
+VCnyPBWquzI-00323-00079046-00079258 Nala Coutu because it consisted of 4
+VCnyPBWquzI-00324-00079259-00079450 wings around a central courtyard called
+VCnyPBWquzI-00325-00079451-00079726 madammadam the house has a quadrangle in
+VCnyPBWquzI-00326-00079727-00079948 the center the quadrangle is in every
+VCnyPBWquzI-00327-00079949-00080131 way the center of life in the house and
+VCnyPBWquzI-00328-00080132-00080296 very useful for the performance of
+VCnyPBWquzI-00329-00080297-00080563 rituals the layout of these homes was
+VCnyPBWquzI-00330-00080564-00080749 simple and catered to the dwelling of a
+VCnyPBWquzI-00331-00080750-00080977 large number of people usually part of a
+VCnyPBWquzI-00332-00080978-00081268 Theravada etiquette uu8 hauled with two
+VCnyPBWquzI-00333-00081269-00081556 central courtyards or paths naruki 216
+VCnyPBWquzI-00334-00081557-00081745 hauled with for central courtyards are
+VCnyPBWquzI-00335-00081746-00081907 the more elaborate forms of the same
+VCnyPBWquzI-00336-00081908-00082234 architecture an example of an ala katha
+VCnyPBWquzI-00337-00082235-00082861 structure as Mattancherry palace
+VCnyPBWquzI-00338-00082862-00083453 topic performing arts and music
+VCnyPBWquzI-00339-00083454-00083696 malee Ollie's used two words to denote
+VCnyPBWquzI-00340-00083697-00083987 dance which is adamant along the art
+VCnyPBWquzI-00341-00083988-00084182 forms of male Ollie's are classified
+VCnyPBWquzI-00342-00084183-00084443 into three types they are I religious
+VCnyPBWquzI-00343-00084444-00084688 like theyyam bhagavad-gita 2 etc II
+VCnyPBWquzI-00344-00084689-00084938 semi-religious like Sangha Kali Krishnan
+VCnyPBWquzI-00345-00084939-00085202 Adam etc and II secular like Kathakali
+VCnyPBWquzI-00346-00085203-00085301 mohini attam
+VCnyPBWquzI-00347-00085302-00085613 the law etc Kathakali and mohini attam
+VCnyPBWquzI-00348-00085614-00085856 are the two classical dance forms from
+VCnyPBWquzI-00349-00085857-00086114 Kerala Kathakali is actually a dance
+VCnyPBWquzI-00350-00086115-00086408 drama mohini attam is a very sensual and
+VCnyPBWquzI-00351-00086409-00086609 graceful dance form that is performed
+VCnyPBWquzI-00352-00086610-00086830 both solo and in a group by women
+VCnyPBWquzI-00353-00086831-00087083 koodiyattam is a traditional performing
+VCnyPBWquzI-00354-00087084-00087299 art form from Kerala which is recognized
+VCnyPBWquzI-00355-00087300-00087473 by UNESCO and given the status
+VCnyPBWquzI-00356-00087474-00087665 masterpieces of oral and intangible
+VCnyPBWquzI-00357-00087666-00087827 Heritage of Humanity
+VCnyPBWquzI-00358-00087828-00088094 Adam Talal is another performing art
+VCnyPBWquzI-00359-00088095-00088256 which is also known as the poor man's
+VCnyPBWquzI-00360-00088257-00088517 Kathakali which was created by the poet
+VCnyPBWquzI-00361-00088518-00088706 conch and Nambiar as an alternative to
+VCnyPBWquzI-00362-00088707-00088916 chalky or couth another performing art
+VCnyPBWquzI-00363-00088917-00089129 which was open only for higher castes to
+VCnyPBWquzI-00364-00089130-00089438 see they am as a ritualistic art form of
+VCnyPBWquzI-00365-00089439-00089603 mali Olly's which is thought to predate
+VCnyPBWquzI-00366-00089604-00089819 hinduism and to have developed from folk
+VCnyPBWquzI-00367-00089820-00089993 dances performed in conjunction with
+VCnyPBWquzI-00368-00089994-00090299 harvest celebrations they M is performed
+VCnyPBWquzI-00369-00090300-00090503 as an offering to God so as to get rid
+VCnyPBWquzI-00370-00090504-00090776 of poverty and illness Vella Kali is
+VCnyPBWquzI-00371-00090777-00090995 another ritualistic art form mainly
+VCnyPBWquzI-00372-00090996-00091172 performed at temples in the festival
+VCnyPBWquzI-00373-00091173-00091430 time Kolka lie is a folk art in which
+VCnyPBWquzI-00374-00091431-00091622 dance performers move in a circle
+VCnyPBWquzI-00375-00091623-00091862 striking small sticks and keeping rhythm
+VCnyPBWquzI-00376-00091863-00092165 with special steps many ancient Mali
+VCnyPBWquzI-00377-00092166-00092375 holly family houses in kerala have
+VCnyPBWquzI-00378-00092376-00092672 special snake shrines called kaavo SAR
+VCnyPBWquzI-00379-00092673-00092888 pam thullal is usually performed in the
+VCnyPBWquzI-00380-00092889-00093097 courtyard of houses having snake shrines
+VCnyPBWquzI-00381-00093098-00093368 this is a votive offering for family
+VCnyPBWquzI-00382-00093369-00093578 wealth and happiness Carol and a tandem
+VCnyPBWquzI-00383-00093579-00093821 Carol and a tandem Kerala dance is a new
+VCnyPBWquzI-00384-00093822-00094040 style of dance that is now recognized as
+VCnyPBWquzI-00385-00094041-00094259 a distinct classical art form evolved
+VCnyPBWquzI-00386-00094260-00094556 from Kathakali the Indian dancer guru
+VCnyPBWquzI-00387-00094557-00094715 Gopinath guru keeping at the
+VCnyPBWquzI-00388-00094716-00094922 well-trained kathakali artist and his
+VCnyPBWquzI-00389-00094923-00095135 wife thang Imani Gopinath developed this
+VCnyPBWquzI-00390-00095136-00095468 unique form of dance performing arts in
+VCnyPBWquzI-00391-00095469-00095648 Kerala is not limited to a single
+VCnyPBWquzI-00392-00095649-00095972 religion of the malayali society Muslim
+VCnyPBWquzI-00393-00095973-00096206 nipple is Maseratis and Latin Christians
+VCnyPBWquzI-00394-00096207-00096377 have their own unique performing art
+VCnyPBWquzI-00395-00096378-00096695 forms Duff Madhu also known as Dubh
+VCnyPBWquzI-00396-00096696-00096839 Madhu era van
+VCnyPBWquzI-00397-00096840-00097082 as a performing art form prevalent among
+VCnyPBWquzI-00398-00097083-00097322 the Muslim community it is a group
+VCnyPBWquzI-00399-00097323-00097523 performance staged as a social event
+VCnyPBWquzI-00400-00097524-00097754 during festivals and nuptial ceremonies
+VCnyPBWquzI-00401-00097755-00097973 apana is a popular form of social
+VCnyPBWquzI-00402-00097974-00098162 entertainment among the Muslim community
+VCnyPBWquzI-00403-00098163-00098438 it is a form accompanied by clapping of
+VCnyPBWquzI-00404-00098439-00098626 hands in which both men and women
+VCnyPBWquzI-00405-00098627-00098864 participate Markham Kali is a performing
+VCnyPBWquzI-00406-00098865-00099044 art which is popular among the Saint
+VCnyPBWquzI-00407-00099045-00099287 Thomas Christians it combines both
+VCnyPBWquzI-00408-00099288-00099488 devotion and entertainment and was
+VCnyPBWquzI-00409-00099489-00099826 performed by men in groups since 1980s
+VCnyPBWquzI-00410-00099827-00100103 women also have found groups the dancers
+VCnyPBWquzI-00411-00100104-00100298 themselves sing the Marga macaulay songs
+VCnyPBWquzI-00412-00100299-00100541 in unison call-and-response form para
+VCnyPBWquzI-00413-00100542-00100748 toma de Cali is another performing art
+VCnyPBWquzI-00414-00100749-00100934 which is popular among Saint Thomas
+VCnyPBWquzI-00415-00100935-00101153 Christians this is an artistic
+VCnyPBWquzI-00416-00101154-00101384 adaptation of the martial art of Kerala
+VCnyPBWquzI-00417-00101385-00101687 Kalaripayattu Shiva tuna.com as a
+VCnyPBWquzI-00418-00101688-00101924 theatrical art form observed mainly by
+VCnyPBWquzI-00419-00101925-00102151 Kerala Latin Christians dating back to
+VCnyPBWquzI-00420-00102152-00102314 the second half of the sixteenth century
+VCnyPBWquzI-00421-00102315-00102572 however many of these native art forms
+VCnyPBWquzI-00422-00102573-00102769 largely played to tourists or at youth
+VCnyPBWquzI-00423-00102770-00102974 festivals and are not as popular among
+VCnyPBWquzI-00424-00102975-00103093 ordinary Keralites
+VCnyPBWquzI-00425-00103094-00103405 thus more contemporary forms including
+VCnyPBWquzI-00426-00103406-00103582 those heavily based on the use of often
+VCnyPBWquzI-00427-00103583-00103804 risque and politically incorrect mimicry
+VCnyPBWquzI-00428-00103805-00104015 and parody have gained considerable mass
+VCnyPBWquzI-00429-00104016-00104266 appeal in recent years indeed
+VCnyPBWquzI-00430-00104267-00104477 contemporary artists often use such
+VCnyPBWquzI-00431-00104478-00104706 modes to mock socio-economic elites
+VCnyPBWquzI-00432-00104707-00105056 since 1930 when the first Malayalam film
+VCnyPBWquzI-00433-00105057-00105278 vigathakumaran was released and over the
+VCnyPBWquzI-00434-00105279-00105491 following decade or two Malayalam cinema
+VCnyPBWquzI-00435-00105492-00105716 had grown to become one of the popular
+VCnyPBWquzI-00436-00105717-00105902 means of expression for both works of
+VCnyPBWquzI-00437-00105903-00106108 fiction and social issues and it remains
+VCnyPBWquzI-00438-00106109-00106424 so music formed a major part of early
+VCnyPBWquzI-00439-00106425-00106619 Malayalam literature which is believed
+VCnyPBWquzI-00440-00106620-00106778 to have started developing by ninth
+VCnyPBWquzI-00441-00106779-00107090 century CE II the significance of music
+VCnyPBWquzI-00442-00107091-00107243 in the culture of Kerala can be
+VCnyPBWquzI-00443-00107244-00107426 established just by the fact that in
+VCnyPBWquzI-00444-00107427-00107651 Malayalam language musical poetry was
+VCnyPBWquzI-00445-00107652-00107941 developed long before prose Kerala is
+VCnyPBWquzI-00446-00107942-00108154 musically known for sap annum sue
+VCnyPBWquzI-00447-00108155-00108332 Panama's religious in nature and
+VCnyPBWquzI-00448-00108333-00108511 developed through singing in Bach yutori
+VCnyPBWquzI-00449-00108513-00108713 songs at the kalam of Kali and later
+VCnyPBWquzI-00450-00108714-00108985 inside temples say Panem came to
+VCnyPBWquzI-00451-00108986-00109166 prominence in the wake of the increasing
+VCnyPBWquzI-00452-00109167-00109418 popularity of Jaya Devas gita-govinda or
+VCnyPBWquzI-00453-00109419-00109735 ashta pattice sapanta Sangeeth of music
+VCnyPBWquzI-00454-00109736-00109973 as the very name suggests is sung by the
+VCnyPBWquzI-00455-00109974-00110222 sight of the holy steps so Panem leading
+VCnyPBWquzI-00456-00110223-00110495 the sanctum sanctorum of a shrine it is
+VCnyPBWquzI-00457-00110496-00110728 sung typically employing plain notes to
+VCnyPBWquzI-00458-00110729-00110858 the accompaniment of the small
+VCnyPBWquzI-00459-00110858-00110963 hourglass-shaped
+VCnyPBWquzI-00460-00110964-00111176 ethnic drum called a Dhaka besides the
+VCnyPBWquzI-00461-00111177-00111358 Cheng Allah or the handy metallic Gong
+VCnyPBWquzI-00462-00111359-00111599 to sound the beats so Panama's
+VCnyPBWquzI-00463-00111600-00111797 traditionally sung by men of the Mara
+VCnyPBWquzI-00464-00111798-00112019 and potable community who are amble avow
+VCnyPBWquzI-00465-00112020-00112277 see my Brahmin castes engaged to do it
+VCnyPBWquzI-00466-00112278-00112547 as their hereditary profession Kerala is
+VCnyPBWquzI-00467-00112548-00112840 also home of Carnatic music legends like
+VCnyPBWquzI-00468-00112841-00113090 swathi thirunal shad kala Govinda Mara
+VCnyPBWquzI-00469-00113091-00113300 Sanju the villain Gopala pillai
+VCnyPBWquzI-00470-00113301-00113576 bhagavata turtle agape lunaire MD
+VCnyPBWquzI-00471-00113577-00113981 Ramanathan TV gopalakrishnan MS Gopala
+VCnyPBWquzI-00472-00113982-00114347 Krishna L Subramaniam TN Krishnan and KJ
+VCnyPBWquzI-00473-00114348-00114590 Yasuda's are Malayali musicians also
+VCnyPBWquzI-00474-00114591-00114811 among the younger generations with wide
+VCnyPBWquzI-00475-00114813-00115033 acclaim and promise as child prodigy
+VCnyPBWquzI-00476-00115034-00115298 violinist L athira Krishna etc who are
+VCnyPBWquzI-00477-00115299-00115463 looked upon as maestro's of tomorrow
+VCnyPBWquzI-00478-00115464-00115682 kerala also has a significant presence
+VCnyPBWquzI-00479-00115683-00115982 of Hindustani music as well the king of
+VCnyPBWquzI-00480-00115983-00116213 Travancore swathi thirunal patronage
+VCnyPBWquzI-00481-00116214-00116416 stand contributed much to the Hindustani
+VCnyPBWquzI-00482-00116417-00116681 music the Pulev are of Kerala are
+VCnyPBWquzI-00483-00116682-00116878 closely connected to the serpent worship
+VCnyPBWquzI-00484-00116879-00117113 one group among these people consider
+VCnyPBWquzI-00485-00117114-00117326 the snake gods as their presiding deity
+VCnyPBWquzI-00486-00117327-00117548 and perform certain sacrifices and sing
+VCnyPBWquzI-00487-00117549-00117886 songs this is called pollutant patio the
+VCnyPBWquzI-00488-00117888-00118066 song conducted by the Pulev are in
+VCnyPBWquzI-00489-00118067-00118258 serpent temples and snake groves is
+VCnyPBWquzI-00490-00118259-00118544 called SAR Papa - Nagin patio SARP AM
+VCnyPBWquzI-00491-00118545-00118799 thullal sarples Salim também thullal or
+VCnyPBWquzI-00492-00118800-00119072 pom pom Kalam Mapple a pot to call
+VCnyPBWquzI-00493-00119073-00119290 armadillo songs are folklore Muslim
+VCnyPBWquzI-00494-00119291-00119477 devotional songs in the Malayalam
+VCnyPBWquzI-00495-00119478-00119774 language Machpelah songs are composed in
+VCnyPBWquzI-00496-00119775-00119978 colloquial Malayalam and are sung in a
+VCnyPBWquzI-00497-00119979-00120245 distinctive tune they are composed in a
+VCnyPBWquzI-00498-00120246-00120482 mixture of Malayalam in Arabic film
+VCnyPBWquzI-00499-00120483-00120691 music which refers to playback singing
+VCnyPBWquzI-00500-00120692-00120916 in the context of Indian music forms the
+VCnyPBWquzI-00501-00120917-00121139 most important Canon of popular music in
+VCnyPBWquzI-00502-00121140-00121457 India film music of Kerala in particular
+VCnyPBWquzI-00503-00121458-00121673 as the most popular form of music in the
+VCnyPBWquzI-00504-00121674-00122183 state
+VCnyPBWquzI-00505-00122184-00122868 topic Vallum Cali Vallum Cali is the
+VCnyPBWquzI-00506-00122869-00123108 race of country made boats it is mainly
+VCnyPBWquzI-00507-00123108-00123276 conducted during the season of the
+VCnyPBWquzI-00508-00123277-00123558 harvest festival Onam in autumn Vallum
+VCnyPBWquzI-00509-00123558-00123771 Cali include races of many kinds of
+VCnyPBWquzI-00510-00123772-00124047 traditional boats of Kerala the race of
+VCnyPBWquzI-00511-00124048-00124259 chundan Vallum snake boat is the major
+VCnyPBWquzI-00512-00124260-00124320 item
+VCnyPBWquzI-00513-00124321-00124572 hence Vallum Cali is also known in
+VCnyPBWquzI-00514-00124573-00124770 English as snake boat race in a major
+VCnyPBWquzI-00515-00124771-00125055 tourist attraction other types of boats
+VCnyPBWquzI-00516-00125056-00125253 which do participate in various events
+VCnyPBWquzI-00517-00125254-00125502 in the race are two rolling Vallum IRA 2
+VCnyPBWquzI-00518-00125503-00125766 cootha Vallum ODI Vallum vepr Vallum
+VCnyPBWquzI-00519-00125767-00125984 viper Vallum the Dokken OD Vallum and
+VCnyPBWquzI-00520-00125985-00126276 coach you've alum Nehru Trophy boat race
+VCnyPBWquzI-00521-00126277-00126492 as one the famous Vallum kali held in
+VCnyPBWquzI-00522-00126493-00126696 panama the lake in the Laputa district
+VCnyPBWquzI-00523-00126697-00126969 of kerala Champa Kula moolam Boat Race
+VCnyPBWquzI-00524-00126970-00127211 is the oldest and most popular Vallum
+VCnyPBWquzI-00525-00127213-00127500 kali in kerala the race is held on river
+VCnyPBWquzI-00526-00127501-00127709 Pamba on the moolam day according to the
+VCnyPBWquzI-00527-00127710-00127938 Malayalam era of the Malayalam month mid
+VCnyPBWquzI-00528-00127939-00128108 hounam the day of the installation of
+VCnyPBWquzI-00529-00128109-00128289 the deity at the amble at pooja sri
+VCnyPBWquzI-00530-00128290-00128538 krishna temple the uhrin mullah boat
+VCnyPBWquzI-00531-00128539-00128745 race takes place at her in mula near a
+VCnyPBWquzI-00532-00128746-00128952 temple dedicated to Lord Krishna and
+VCnyPBWquzI-00533-00128953-00129236 Arjuna the Presidents Trophy boat race
+VCnyPBWquzI-00534-00129238-00129458 as a popular event conducted in ash to
+VCnyPBWquzI-00535-00129459-00129768 Moody lake in kalam thousands of people
+VCnyPBWquzI-00536-00129769-00129933 gather on the banks of the river Pamba
+VCnyPBWquzI-00537-00129933-00130266 to watch the snake boat races nearly 50
+VCnyPBWquzI-00538-00130267-00130443 snake boats or chundan balam's
+VCnyPBWquzI-00539-00130444-00130692 participate in the festival paya podgy
+VCnyPBWquzI-00540-00130693-00130908 lots of em is a three-day water festival
+VCnyPBWquzI-00541-00130908-00131196 it is conducted in pea pod Lake which is
+VCnyPBWquzI-00542-00131197-00131457 35 kilometres from alappuzha district of
+VCnyPBWquzI-00543-00131458-00131727 Kerala State there is a close relation
+VCnyPBWquzI-00544-00131728-00131925 between this pea pod boat race and
+VCnyPBWquzI-00545-00131926-00132155 Subramanya Swamy temple in hairy pad
+VCnyPBWquzI-00546-00132156-00132432 Indira Gandhi Boat Race as a boat race
+VCnyPBWquzI-00547-00132433-00132654 festival celebrated in the last week of
+VCnyPBWquzI-00548-00132655-00132864 December in the backwaters of Kochi a
+VCnyPBWquzI-00549-00132865-00133164 city in Kerala this boat race is one of
+VCnyPBWquzI-00550-00133165-00133383 the most popular Vallum Kali in Kerala
+VCnyPBWquzI-00551-00133384-00133647 this festival is conducted to promote
+VCnyPBWquzI-00552-00133648-00134179 Kerala Tourism
+VCnyPBWquzI-00553-00134180-00134677 topic festivals
+VCnyPBWquzI-00554-00134678-00134911 Malayali celebrate a variety of
+VCnyPBWquzI-00555-00134912-00135169 festivals namely Onam Christmas Vishu
+VCnyPBWquzI-00556-00135170-00135937 Easter Deepavali Ramadan and Bakrid
+VCnyPBWquzI-00557-00135938-00136421 topic cuisine
+VCnyPBWquzI-00558-00136422-00136711 Malayali cuisine is not homogeneous and
+VCnyPBWquzI-00559-00136712-00136879 regional variations are visible
+VCnyPBWquzI-00560-00136880-00137116 throughout spices form an important
+VCnyPBWquzI-00561-00137117-00137384 ingredient in almost all curries Kerala
+VCnyPBWquzI-00562-00137385-00137582 is known for its traditional sadhyas a
+VCnyPBWquzI-00563-00137583-00137788 vegetarian meal served with boiled rice
+VCnyPBWquzI-00564-00137789-00137953 and a host of side dishes
+VCnyPBWquzI-00565-00137954-00138253 the sadhya is complemented by payasam a
+VCnyPBWquzI-00566-00138254-00138538 sweet milk dessert native to Kerala the
+VCnyPBWquzI-00567-00138539-00138770 sadhyas as per custom served on a banana
+VCnyPBWquzI-00568-00138771-00139085 leaf traditional dishes include sambar
+VCnyPBWquzI-00569-00139086-00139150 aviall
+VCnyPBWquzI-00570-00139151-00139486 : Deol Thorin in Jabalia Pula sherry at
+VCnyPBWquzI-00571-00139487-00139772 them Kappa tapioca huh - steamed rice
+VCnyPBWquzI-00572-00139773-00140062 powder and puja kou coconut is an
+VCnyPBWquzI-00573-00140063-00140261 essential ingredient in most of the food
+VCnyPBWquzI-00574-00140262-00140570 items and is liberally used PUD 2 is a
+VCnyPBWquzI-00575-00140571-00140764 culinary specialty in Kerala
+VCnyPBWquzI-00576-00140765-00140962 it is a steamed rice cake which is a
+VCnyPBWquzI-00577-00140963-00141163 favorite breakfast of most male ollies
+VCnyPBWquzI-00578-00141164-00141427 it is served with either brown chickpeas
+VCnyPBWquzI-00579-00141428-00141668 cooked in a spicy gravy papadums and
+VCnyPBWquzI-00580-00141669-00141904 boiled small green lentils or tiny ripe
+VCnyPBWquzI-00581-00141905-00142204 yellow Kerala plantains in the highlands
+VCnyPBWquzI-00582-00142205-00142387 there is also a variety of putters
+VCnyPBWquzI-00583-00142388-00142598 served with pani the boiled down syrup
+VCnyPBWquzI-00584-00142599-00142813 from sweet palm toddy and sweet boiled
+VCnyPBWquzI-00585-00142814-00142999 bananas - steamed the puddle there is a
+VCnyPBWquzI-00586-00143000-00143336 special utensil called PUD to Cuddy it
+VCnyPBWquzI-00587-00143337-00143566 consists of two sections the lower
+VCnyPBWquzI-00588-00143567-00143774 bulkier portion is where the water for
+VCnyPBWquzI-00589-00143775-00144040 steaming is stored the upper detachable
+VCnyPBWquzI-00590-00144041-00144245 leaner portion is separated from a lower
+VCnyPBWquzI-00591-00144246-00144466 portion by perforated lids so as to
+VCnyPBWquzI-00592-00144467-00144644 allow the steam to pass through and bake
+VCnyPBWquzI-00593-00144645-00144916 the rice powder at them as a pancake
+VCnyPBWquzI-00594-00144917-00145165 made a fermented batter the batter is
+VCnyPBWquzI-00595-00145166-00145373 made of rice flour and fermented using
+VCnyPBWquzI-00596-00145374-00145595 either yeast or toddy the local spirit
+VCnyPBWquzI-00597-00145596-00145883 it is fried using a special frying pan
+VCnyPBWquzI-00598-00145884-00146084 called Appa chaddy and is served with
+VCnyPBWquzI-00599-00146085-00146297 egg curry chicken curry mutton stew
+VCnyPBWquzI-00600-00146298-00146989 vegetable curry and chickpea curry
+VCnyPBWquzI-00601-00146990-00147507 topic martial-arts
+VCnyPBWquzI-00602-00147508-00147725 malee alleys have their own form of
+VCnyPBWquzI-00603-00147726-00147981 martial arts called Kalaripayattu this
+VCnyPBWquzI-00604-00147982-00148163 type of martial arts was used as
+VCnyPBWquzI-00605-00148164-00148388 defensive mechanism against intruders in
+VCnyPBWquzI-00606-00148389-00148676 ancient times disputes between Nobles
+VCnyPBWquzI-00607-00148677-00148925 Navas or Vaz hunters were also settled
+VCnyPBWquzI-00608-00148926-00149094 by the outcome of a kalaripayattu
+VCnyPBWquzI-00609-00149095-00149358 tournament this ancient martial artist
+VCnyPBWquzI-00610-00149359-00149501 claimed as the mother of all martial
+VCnyPBWquzI-00611-00149502-00149907 arts the word kalari can be traced to
+VCnyPBWquzI-00612-00149908-00150056 ancient Sangam literature
+VCnyPBWquzI-00613-00150057-00150224 anthropologists estimate that
+VCnyPBWquzI-00614-00150225-00150425 Kalaripayattu dates back to at least the
+VCnyPBWquzI-00615-00150426-00150740 12th century CE II the historian Elam
+VCnyPBWquzI-00616-00150741-00150938 Coulomb Khun Jane Pillai attributes the
+VCnyPBWquzI-00617-00150939-00151151 birth of Kalaripayattu to an extended
+VCnyPBWquzI-00618-00151152-00151368 period of warfare between the Cheras and
+VCnyPBWquzI-00619-00151369-00151573 the Cholas in the 11th century CE II
+VCnyPBWquzI-00620-00151574-00151841 what eventually crystallized into this
+VCnyPBWquzI-00621-00151842-00152012 style is thought to have been a product
+VCnyPBWquzI-00622-00152013-00152208 of existing South Indian styles of
+VCnyPBWquzI-00623-00152209-00152406 combat combined with techniques brought
+VCnyPBWquzI-00624-00152407-00152697 by other cultures kalaripayattu may be
+VCnyPBWquzI-00625-00152698-00152871 one of the oldest martial arts in
+VCnyPBWquzI-00626-00152872-00153120 existence the oldest Western reference
+VCnyPBWquzI-00627-00153121-00153318 to Kalaripayattu is a 16th century
+VCnyPBWquzI-00628-00153319-00153558 travelogue of duarte barbosa a
+VCnyPBWquzI-00629-00153559-00153848 portuguese explorer the southern style
+VCnyPBWquzI-00630-00153849-00154001 which stresses importance of
+VCnyPBWquzI-00631-00154002-00154170 hand-to-hand combat is slightly
+VCnyPBWquzI-00632-00154171-00154834 different than kalari in the north
+VCnyPBWquzI-00633-00154835-00155353 topic keralites
+VCnyPBWquzI-00634-00155354-00155960 list of famous Keralites
+VCnyPBWquzI-00635-00155961-00156512 topic C also
+VCnyPBWquzI-00636-00156513-00156831 non-resident Keralites affairs world
+VCnyPBWquzI-00637-00156832-00157220 Malayalee council Kerala Gulf diaspora
+VCnyPBWquzI-00638-00157221-00157590 ethnic groups in Kerala migrant laborers
+VCnyPBWquzI-00639-00157591-00157857 in Kerala
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00000-00000008-00000111 did you know that according to
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00001-00000112-00000335 statistics only a small percentage of
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00002-00000336-00000503 you who watch our videos are actually
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00003-00000504-00000599 subscribed
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00004-00000600-00000815 do you enjoy our content if so we
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00005-00000816-00000950 encourage you to subscribe to our
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00006-00000951-00001023 channel
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00007-00001024-00001254 your support means a lot to us and it
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00008-00001255-00001415 helps youtube's algorithm in promoting
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00009-00001416-00001591 more of our mental health content hey
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00010-00001592-00001751 there psych2goers and welcome back to
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00011-00001752-00001879 another video
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00012-00001880-00002047 thank you all so much for the love and
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00013-00002048-00002199 support that you give us
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00014-00002200-00002431 it enables us to dive deeper into
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00015-00002432-00002575 everyday psychology
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00016-00002576-00002926 with you so shall we
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00017-00002927-00003102 are you concerned about someone's mental
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00018-00003103-00003319 health do you find yourself at a loss
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00019-00003320-00003486 over how to react when the topic does
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00020-00003488-00003599 come up
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00021-00003600-00003767 well they would never want to force a
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00022-00003768-00003927 reaction out of you it can be
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00023-00003928-00004086 uncomfortable to watch you struggle with
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00024-00004087-00004159 what to say
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00025-00004160-00004406 when they know you mean well there are
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00026-00004407-00004575 many ways to be supportive without
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00027-00004576-00004743 overstepping boundaries or taking on
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00028-00004744-00004902 more than you can handle
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00029-00004903-00005079 it's important to help you understand
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00030-00005080-00005311 from a psychology-oriented perspective
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00031-00005312-00005583 the thoughts and emotions behind anxiety
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00032-00005584-00005735 so you can be well-equipped to be
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00033-00005736-00005854 supportive
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00034-00005855-00006054 this is meant as a self-improvement
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00035-00006055-00006215 guide and should not be used as
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00036-00006216-00006343 self-treatment
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00037-00006344-00006518 if you or someone you know is struggling
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00038-00006519-00006742 with anxiety or any mental health issues
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00039-00006743-00006983 be sure to seek help having a supportive
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00040-00006984-00007119 environment does help
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00041-00007120-00007327 but professional guidance and advice
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00042-00007328-00007470 goes a long way
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00043-00007472-00007710 with that said here are seven reassuring
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00044-00007711-00008014 things to say to someone with anxiety
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00045-00008015-00008374 number one you have my attention or
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00046-00008375-00008663 i'm listening these phrases can mean a
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00047-00008664-00008846 lot to someone with anxiety
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00048-00008847-00008991 they're often too afraid to bring up
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00049-00008992-00009174 anxiety-related topics because they
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00050-00009175-00009327 believe their anxiety makes it hard to
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00051-00009328-00009583 talk to them or difficult to be around
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00052-00009584-00009895 so hearing this is incredibly reassuring
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00053-00009896-00010119 it helps to make them feel encouraged so
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00054-00010120-00010278 they can bring it up without hesitation
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00055-00010279-00010399 in the future
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00056-00010400-00010542 this makes it feel like whoever is
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00057-00010543-00010710 listening truly cares about what they
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00058-00010711-00010814 have to say
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00059-00010815-00010942 and it makes them want to return the
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00060-00010943-00011214 favor whenever you may need to talk
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00061-00011215-00011551 two what can i do to help you do their
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00062-00011552-00011687 plants need watering
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00063-00011688-00011863 is there anything they're craving for
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00064-00011864-00012127 lunch by asking the person in distress
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00065-00012128-00012319 what might help you're letting them take
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00066-00012320-00012503 control of the situation
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00067-00012504-00012735 ask them to get creative if they can
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00068-00012736-00012910 keep in mind though that some people can
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00069-00012911-00013102 actually become more anxious in the wake
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00070-00013103-00013279 of decision making
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00071-00013280-00013447 sometimes it can feel like one more
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00072-00013447-00013591 thing to worry about
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00073-00013591-00013758 but it still gives them a chance to ask
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00074-00013759-00013975 for anything they might need
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00075-00013976-00014271 number three hey let's go for a walk we
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00076-00014272-00014366 can talk about it
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00077-00014368-00014630 or we can just get some fresh air a
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00078-00014631-00014847 change of environment is a choice tool
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00079-00014847-00015094 for interrupting the cycle of anxiety
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00080-00015095-00015303 it distracts the brain from its worries
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00081-00015304-00015471 focusing on the world around helps
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00082-00015472-00015638 create distance between the person
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00083-00015640-00015822 and their thoughts which ultimately
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00084-00015823-00015983 makes them easier to talk about
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00085-00015984-00016271 and to let go if they don't feel like
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00086-00016272-00016327 talking
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00087-00016328-00016486 at least they'll have something else to
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00088-00016487-00016711 occupy their mind with
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00089-00016712-00016975 number four is it okay if i give you a
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00090-00016976-00017103 hug
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00091-00017104-00017447 consent is key even when it comes to
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00092-00017448-00017503 hugs
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00093-00017504-00017711 hand-holding and other innocent touches
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00094-00017712-00017847 they can all be triggering to someone
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00095-00017848-00017983 with anxiety
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00096-00017984-00018183 plus there are a lot of people who just
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00097-00018184-00018319 don't like to be touched
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00098-00018320-00018567 so it's always important to ask first
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00099-00018568-00018750 sometimes a hug can be incredibly
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00100-00018751-00018950 comforting during a difficult time
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00101-00018951-00019127 like a physical reminder that you're not
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00102-00019128-00019383 alone during extreme anxiety though
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00103-00019384-00019558 being touched can make one feel trapped
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00104-00019559-00019735 and claustrophobic so it's always
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00105-00019736-00019935 appreciated when someone asks before
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00106-00019936-00020079 going in for a hug
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00107-00020080-00020239 it reminds them that they're in control
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00108-00020240-00020407 of the conversation
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00109-00020408-00020711 number five i'm here for you no matter
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00110-00020712-00020878 what is happening
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00111-00020879-00021014 if you're going to offer to be there for
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00112-00021015-00021230 someone who battles anxiety be honest
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00113-00021231-00021367 about what you're able to do
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00114-00021368-00021550 or be ready to be open to whatever comes
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00115-00021551-00021671 your way
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00116-00021672-00021855 it's nice to hear that someone is on
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00117-00021856-00022086 their side but it can't help if the
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00118-00022087-00022286 encouragement is conditional
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00119-00022287-00022494 to promise support only to disappear
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00120-00022495-00022599 when things get tough
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00121-00022600-00022767 can make it difficult to trust those who
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00122-00022768-00023007 make this pledge it can make them wary
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00123-00023008-00023191 of such promises in the future
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00124-00023192-00023358 when they have ample evidence backing
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00125-00023359-00023519 their hesitations
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00126-00023520-00023711 authentic support is especially
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00127-00023712-00023903 reassuring when you're able to give it
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00128-00023904-00024158 unconditionally building their trust and
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00129-00024159-00024311 self-esteem
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00130-00024312-00024599 number six would advice be helpful or
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00131-00024600-00024758 should i just listen
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00132-00024759-00024999 hugging joking and advice giving might
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00133-00025000-00025086 be your first
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00134-00025087-00025255 instinct when you see someone you love
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00135-00025256-00025422 in distress but
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00136-00025423-00025575 people with anxiety sometimes feel
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00137-00025576-00025767 overwhelmed and even intimidated by the
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00138-00025768-00025983 constant fire of suggestions
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00139-00025983-00026150 they can react intensely when someone
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00140-00026151-00026311 starts spouting out suggestions before
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00141-00026312-00026462 they've even had a chance to finish
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00142-00026463-00026574 talking
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00143-00026575-00026774 it might be hard but you have to fight
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00144-00026775-00026990 the urge to be a friend sometimes
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00145-00026991-00027223 instead asking this question puts the
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00146-00027224-00027343 person with anxiety
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00147-00027344-00027590 in control of what happens next which in
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00148-00027591-00027783 itself may relieve some of their anxious
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00149-00027783-00027887 edge
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00150-00027888-00028190 and number seven i don't know what to
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00151-00028191-00028287 say
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00152-00028288-00028623 but i'm here for you honesty is
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00153-00028624-00028895 always the best policy anxiety can be a
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00154-00028895-00029023 difficult subject matter
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00155-00029024-00029199 so it's okay if you don't know what to
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00156-00029200-00029367 say or how to react
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00157-00029368-00029614 honestly sometimes even they don't know
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00158-00029616-00029702 what to say
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00159-00029704-00029887 but it's refreshing and reassuring to be
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00160-00029888-00030031 genuine during such a vulnerable
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00161-00030032-00030174 conversation
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00162-00030175-00030335 friends and family have admitted that
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00163-00030336-00030487 they fear saying the wrong thing or
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00164-00030488-00030670 making situations worse
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00165-00030672-00030839 but that the important thing for them
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00166-00030839-00031007 isn't always what you say
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00167-00031008-00031151 but to let them know that you're there
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00168-00031152-00031367 for them no matter what
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00169-00031368-00031518 we hope we were able to give you a
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00170-00031519-00031695 little insight into some of the ways
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00171-00031695-00031846 that you can show your support
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00172-00031847-00032102 to those living with anxiety if you
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00173-00032103-00032270 suffer from anxiety how do you feel
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00174-00032272-00032446 about the points mentioned in this video
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00175-00032447-00032646 let us know in the comments below if you
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00176-00032647-00032799 found this video insightful be sure to
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00177-00032800-00032959 hit the like and subscribe button and
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00178-00032960-00033111 share it with someone who might benefit
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00179-00033112-00033215 from it too
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00180-00033216-00033439 as always thanks so much for watching
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00181-00033440-00034007 and we'll see you soon
+VCXZuoYZdAk-00182-00034008-00034216 you
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00000-00000007-00000323 in electrical and electronic systems
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00001-00000324-00000605 reactance is the opposition of a circuit
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00002-00000606-00000811 element to a change in current or
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00003-00000813-00001073 voltage due to that elements inductance
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00004-00001074-00001433 or capacitance the notion of reactance
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00005-00001434-00001700 is similar to electrical resistance but
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00006-00001701-00001923 it differs in several respects
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00007-00001925-00002321 in phasor analysis reactance is used to
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00008-00002322-00002573 compute amplitude and phase changes of
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00009-00002574-00002813 sinusoidal alternating current going
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00010-00002814-00003118 through a circuit element it is denoted
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00011-00003119-00003647 by the symbol X display style script
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00012-00003647-00004076 style X an ideal resistor has zero
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00013-00004077-00004166 reactance
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00014-00004167-00004361 whereas ideal inductors and capacitors
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00015-00004362-00004733 have zero resistance that is respond to
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00016-00004734-00005090 current only by reactance the magnitude
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00017-00005091-00005363 of the reactance of an inductor Rises in
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00018-00005364-00005636 proportion to arise in frequency while
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00019-00005637-00005852 the magnitude of the reactance of a
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00020-00005853-00006106 capacitor decreases in proportion to
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00021-00006107-00006489 arise in frequency as frequency goes up
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00022-00006490-00006800 inductive reactance also goes up and
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00023-00006801-00007552 capacitive reactance goes down
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00024-00007553-00008196 topic capacitive reactance
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00025-00008197-00008496 a capacitor consists of two conductors
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00026-00008497-00008796 separated by an insulator also known as
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00027-00008797-00009205 a dielectric capacitive reactance is an
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00028-00009206-00009388 opposition to the change of voltage
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00029-00009389-00009996 across an element capacitive reactance X
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00030-00009997-00010438 see display style script style X
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00031-00010439-00010866 underscore C is inversely proportional
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00032-00010867-00011377 to the signal frequency F display style
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00033-00011378-00011802 script style F or angular frequency
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00034-00011803-00012313 Omega and the capacitance C display
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00035-00012314-00012688 style script style C there are two
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00036-00012689-00012921 choices in the literature for defining
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00037-00012922-00013278 reactants for a capacitor one is to use
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00038-00013279-00013530 a uniform notion of reactants as the
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00039-00013531-00013771 imaginary part of impedance in which
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00040-00013772-00014035 case the reactance of a capacitor is a
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00041-00014036-00014572 negative number X see
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00042-00014572-00015978 equals minus 1 Omega C equals minus 1 2
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00043-00015979-00016741 pi F C display style X underscore C
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00044-00016742-00017253 equals frac 1 Omega C equals frac 1 2 pi
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00045-00017254-00017611 FC another choice is to define
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00046-00017612-00017821 capacitive reactance as a positive
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00047-00017822-00018317 number X C
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00048-00018318-00019872 equals one Omega C equals one two pi f c
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00049-00019873-00020278 display style X underscore C equals frac
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00050-00020279-00020833 one Omega C equals frac 1 2 pi FC in
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00051-00020834-00021067 this case however one needs to remember
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00052-00021068-00021325 to add a negative sign for the impedance
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00053-00021326-00022000 of a capacitor ie z C
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00054-00022001-00022939 equals minus J X C display style Zed
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00055-00022940-00023425 underscore C equals J X underscore C at
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00056-00023426-00023728 low frequencies a capacitor is an open
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00057-00023729-00023950 circuit so no current flows in the
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00058-00023951-00024369 dielectric a DC voltage applied across a
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00059-00024370-00024628 capacitor causes positive charge to
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00060-00024629-00024855 accumulate on one side and negative
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00061-00024856-00025125 charge to accumulate on the other side
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00062-00025126-00025330 the electric field due to the
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00063-00025331-00025572 accumulated charge is the source of the
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00064-00025573-00025827 opposition to the current when the
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00065-00025828-00026068 potential associated with the charge
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00066-00026069-00026362 exactly balances the applied voltage the
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00067-00026363-00026556 current goes to zero
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00068-00026557-00026937 driven by an AC supply ideal AC current
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00069-00026938-00027199 source a capacitor will only accumulate
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00070-00027200-00027445 a limited amount of charge before the
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00071-00027445-00027679 potential difference changes polarity
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00072-00027680-00027898 and the charge is returned to the source
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00073-00027899-00028243 the higher the frequency the less charge
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00074-00028244-00028470 will accumulate and the smaller the
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00075-00028472-00029152 opposition to the current
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00076-00029152-00029790 topic inductive reactance
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00077-00029791-00030048 inductive reactance is a property
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00078-00030049-00030318 exhibited by an inductor an inductive
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00079-00030319-00030567 reactance exists based on the fact that
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00080-00030568-00030792 an electric current produces a magnetic
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00081-00030793-00031167 field around it in the context of an AC
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00082-00031168-00031423 circuit although this concept applies
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00083-00031424-00031651 anytime current is changing this
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00084-00031652-00031926 magnetic field is constantly changing as
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00085-00031927-00032148 a result of current that oscillates back
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00086-00032149-00032505 and forth it is this change in magnetic
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00087-00032506-00032727 field that induces another electric
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00088-00032728-00032961 current to flow in the same wire in a
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00089-00032962-00033226 direction such as to oppose the flow of
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00090-00033227-00033460 the current originally responsible for
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00091-00033461-00033670 producing the magnetic field known as
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00092-00033671-00033798 Lenz's law
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00093-00033799-00034099 hence inductive reactance is an
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00094-00034100-00034302 opposition to the change of current
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00095-00034303-00034608 through an element for an ideal inductor
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00096-00034609-00034911 in an AC circuit the inhibitive effect
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00097-00034912-00035170 on change in current flow results in a
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00098-00035171-00035382 delay or a phase shift of the
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00099-00035383-00035595 alternating current with respect to
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00100-00035596-00035923 alternating voltage specifically an
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00101-00035924-00036201 ideal inductor with no resistance will
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00102-00036202-00036442 cause the current to lag the voltage by
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00103-00036443-00036832 a quarter cycle or 90 degrees in
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00104-00036833-00037074 electric power systems inductive
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00105-00037075-00037320 reactance and capacitive reactance
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00106-00037321-00037557 however inductive reactance is more
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00107-00037558-00037804 common can limit the power capacity of
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00108-00037805-00038074 an AC transmission line because power is
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00109-00038075-00038349 not completely transferred when voltage
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00110-00038350-00038574 and current are out of phase detailed
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00111-00038575-00038917 above that is current will flow for an
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00112-00038918-00039162 out of phase system however real power
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00113-00039163-00039399 at certain times will not be transferred
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00114-00039400-00039615 because there will be points during
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00115-00039616-00039874 which instantaneous current is positive
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00116-00039875-00040099 while instantaneous voltage is negative
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00117-00040100-00040413 or vice-versa implying negative power
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00118-00040414-00040510 transfer
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00119-00040511-00040821 hence real work is not performed when
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00120-00040822-00041196 power transfer is negative however
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00121-00041197-00041476 current still flows even when a system
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00122-00041477-00041664 is out of phase which causes
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00123-00041665-00041886 transmission lines to heat up due to
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00124-00041887-00042246 current flow consequently transmission
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00125-00042247-00042501 lines can only heat up so much or else
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00126-00042502-00042736 they would physically sag too much due
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00127-00042737-00042924 to the heat expanding the metal
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00128-00042925-00043174 transmission lines so transmission
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00129-00043175-00043516 line operators have a ceiling on the
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00130-00043517-00043687 amount of current that can flow through
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00131-00043688-00043954 a given line and excessive inductive
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00132-00043955-00044161 reactance can limit the power capacity
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00133-00044162-00044533 of a line power providers utilize
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00134-00044534-00044761 capacitors to shift the phase and
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00135-00044762-00045001 minimize the losses based on usage
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00136-00045002-00045817 patterns inductive reactance x-l display
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00137-00045818-00046233 style script style X underscore L is
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00138-00046234-00046501 proportional to the sinusoidal signal
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00139-00046502-00047056 frequency f display style script style F
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00140-00047057-00047662 and the inductance L display style
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00141-00047663-00048031 script style L which depends on the
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00142-00048032-00048555 physical shape of the inductor X
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00143-00048556-00049892 l equals Omega L equals 2pi f
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00144-00049893-00050333 l display style X underscore L equals
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00145-00050334-00050801 Omega L equals 2pi Florida the average
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00146-00050802-00051216 current flowing through an inductance L
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00147-00051217-00051701 display style script style L in series
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00148-00051702-00051994 with a sinusoidal AC voltage source of
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00149-00051995-00052516 RMS amplitude a display style script
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00150-00052517-00053165 style a and frequency F display style
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00151-00053166-00054201 script style F is equal to I l equals a
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00152-00054202-00055625 omega l equals 2pi f l display style i
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00153-00055626-00055954 underscore l equals r over omega l
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00154-00055955-00056498 equals over 2pi florida because a square
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00155-00056499-00056735 wave has multiple amplitudes at
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00156-00056736-00057001 sinusoidal harmonics the average current
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00157-00057002-00057488 flowing through an inductance l display
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00158-00057489-00057901 style script style l in series with a
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00159-00057902-00058207 square wave AC voltage source of RMS
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00160-00058208-00058712 amplitude a display style script style
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00161-00058713-00059084 and frequency
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00162-00059085-00059656 f display style script style F is equal
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00163-00059657-00061443 to AI l equals a PI to 8 Omega L equals
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00164-00061444-00061997 PI 16 f
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00165-00061998-00062474 l display style i underscore L equals PI
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00166-00062475-00062900 carat 2 over 8 Omega L equals a PI over
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00167-00062901-00063280 16 Florida making it appear as if the
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00168-00063282-00063554 inductive reactance to a square wave was
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00169-00063554-00064467 about 19 percent smaller X L equals 16
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00170-00064469-00065216 pi F L display style X underscore L
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00171-00065216-00065690 equals 16 over pi Florida than the
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00172-00065691-00066047 reactants to the AC sine wave any
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00173-00066048-00066299 conductor of finite dimensions has
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00174-00066300-00066581 inductance the inductance is made larger
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00175-00066582-00066758 by the multiple turns in an
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00176-00066759-00067094 electromagnetic coil Faraday's law of
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00177-00067095-00067340 electromagnetic induction gives the
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00178-00067341-00067898 counter EMF e display style script style
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00179-00067899-00068330 math Cal e voltage opposing current due
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00180-00068331-00068561 to a rate of change of magnetic flux
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00181-00068562-00069169 density B display style script style B
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00182-00069170-00069469 through a current loop
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00183-00069470-00069613 II
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00184-00069614-00070843 equals minus D Phi B D T display style
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00185-00070844-00071224 math Cal e equals D Phi underscore B
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00186-00071225-00071653 over DT from an inductor consisting of a
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00187-00071654-00072219 coil with n display style script style n
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00188-00072220-00073400 loops this gives e equals minus n D Phi
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00189-00073401-00074218 B D T display style math Cal e equals n
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00190-00074219-00074713 D Phi underscore B over DT the counter
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00191-00074714-00074974 EMF is the source of the opposition to
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00192-00074975-00075306 current flow a constant direct current
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00193-00075307-00075562 has a zero rate of change and sees an
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00194-00075563-00075793 inductor as a short circuit it is
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00195-00075794-00076006 typically made from a material with a
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00196-00076007-00076300 low resistivity an alternating current
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00197-00076301-00076581 has a time averaged rate of change that
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00198-00076582-00076863 is proportional to frequency this causes
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00199-00076864-00077116 the increase in inductive reactance with
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00200-00077117-00077733 frequency
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00201-00077734-00078291 topic impedance
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00202-00078292-00078875 both reactants X display style script
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00203-00078876-00079556 style X and resistance R display style
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00204-00079557-00079922 script style are a components of
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00205-00079923-00080403 impedance said display style script
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00206-00080404-00080775 style Zed said
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00207-00080776-00081777 equals R plus J X display style Z equals
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00208-00081778-00082566 R plus J X where Z display style Z is
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00209-00082567-00083009 the impedance measured in ohms our
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00210-00083010-00083369 display style R is the resistance
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00211-00083370-00083766 measured in ohms it is the real part of
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00212-00083767-00084106 the impedance R
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00213-00084107-00084771 equals said display style r equals r ez
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00214-00084772-00085344 x display style X is the reactance
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00215-00085345-00085720 measured in ohms it is the imaginary
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00216-00085721-00086527 part of the impedance X equals Z display
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00217-00086528-00087157 style X equals M Zed J display style J
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00218-00087158-00087556 is the square root of -1 usually
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00219-00087557-00088201 represented by I display style I in non
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00220-00088202-00088828 electrical formulas J display style J is
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00221-00088829-00089122 used so as not to confuse the imaginary
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00222-00089123-00089332 unit with current commonly represented
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00223-00089333-00089971 by I display style I when both a
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00224-00089972-00090196 capacitor and an inductor are placed in
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00225-00090197-00090454 series in a circuit their contributions
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00226-00090455-00090670 to the total circuit impedance are
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00227-00090671-00091359 opposite capacitive reactance X see
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00228-00091360-00091681 display style script style X underscore
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00229-00091682-00092512 C and inductive reactance X L display
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00230-00092513-00092886 style script style X underscore ell
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00231-00092887-00093363 contribute to the total reactance X
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00232-00093364-00093858 display style script style X as follows
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00233-00093859-00094366 X equals XL + XC equals Omega L minus 1
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00234-00094367-00094663 Omega C display style x equals x
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00235-00094664-00095035 underscore L plus X underscore C equals
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00236-00095036-00095431 Omega L phrack 1 Omega C where XL
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00237-00095432-00095719 display style script style X underscore
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00238-00095720-00096046 L is the inductive reactance measured in
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00239-00096047-00096391 ohms XC display style script style X
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00240-00096392-00096658 underscore see is the capacitive
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00241-00096659-00096976 reactance measured in ohms Omega display
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00242-00096977-00097294 style Omega is the angular frequency 2
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00243-00097295-00097495 pi display style 2
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00244-00097496-00097849 times the frequency in H said hence if X
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00245-00097850-00098107 greater than zero display style script
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00246-00098108-00098332 style X greater than zero the total
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00247-00098333-00098617 reactance is said to be inductive if x
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00248-00098618-00098944 equals zero display style script style x
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00249-00098945-00099232 equals zero then the impedance is purely
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00250-00099233-00099559 resistive if X zero display style script
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00251-00099560-00099841 style X the total reactance is said to
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00252-00099842-00100515 be capacitive note however that if X L
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00253-00100516-00100837 display style script style X underscore
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00254-00100838-00101716 L and X C display style script style X
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00255-00101717-00102112 underscore C are assumed both positive
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00256-00102113-00102334 by definition then the intermediary
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00257-00102335-00102584 formula changes to a difference
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00258-00102585-00102826 X
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00259-00102827-00104154 equals X L minus X C equals Omega
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00260-00104155-00105138 l minus 1 Omega C display style x equals
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00261-00105139-00105496 x underscore L X underscore C equals
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00262-00105497-00105970 Omega L track 1 Omega C but the ultimate
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00263-00105971-00106606 value is the same
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00264-00106607-00107302 topic phase relationship the phase of
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00265-00107303-00107491 the voltage across a purely reactive
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00266-00107492-00107770 device a capacitor with an infinite
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00267-00107771-00107971 resistance or an inductor with a
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00268-00107972-00108276 resistance of zero lags the current by
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00269-00108277-00108952 PI to display style script style pi/2
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00270-00108953-00109345 radians for a capacitive reactance and
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00271-00109346-00109981 leads the current by PI to display style
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00272-00109982-00110395 script style pi/2 radians for an
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00273-00110396-00110719 inductive reactance without knowledge of
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00274-00110720-00110933 both the resistance and reactance the
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00275-00110934-00111172 relationship between voltage and current
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00276-00111173-00111550 cannot be determined the origin of the
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00277-00111551-00111757 different signs for capacitive and
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00278-00111758-00112021 inductive reactance is the phase factor
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00279-00112022-00113104 e plus or minus J PI to display style e
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00280-00113105-00113721 caret p.m. J PI over 2 in the impedance
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00281-00113722-00114307 Z tilde si
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00282-00114308-00116150 equals 1 omega c e j- pi 2 equals J
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00283-00116151-00116854 minus 1 Omega C
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00284-00116855-00118234 equals J X C Z tilde L equals M
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00285-00118235-00119311 Eggar l ii j pi 2 equals j omega l
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00286-00119313-00119683 equals j XL display style begin aligned
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00287-00119684-00120089 tilde z underscore c and equals 1 over
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00288-00120090-00120596 Omega C carrot J PI over 2 equals J left
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00289-00120597-00120929 track 1 Omega C right equals J X
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00290-00120930-00121307 underscore C tilde Z underscore ell and
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00291-00121308-00121684 equals Omega ler carrot J PI over 2
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00292-00121685-00122021 equals J Omega L equals J X underscore
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00293-00122022-00122321 ell quad end aligned for a reactive
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00294-00122322-00122588 component the sinusoidal voltage across
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00295-00122589-00122867 the component is in quadrature a pi/2
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00296-00122868-00123224 display style script style pi/2 phase
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00297-00123225-00123470 difference with the sinusoidal current
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00298-00123471-00123715 through the component the component
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00299-00123716-00123977 alternately absorbs energy from the
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00300-00123978-00124210 circuit and then returns energy to the
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00301-00124211-00124454 circuit thus a pure reactants does not
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00302-00124455-00125088 dissipate power
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00303-00125089-00125645 topic see also
+VEgQugSFo3Y-00304-00125646-00126214 magnetic reactance susceptance
+VE_6V_v49P8-00000-00000000-00001002 foreign
+VE_6V_v49P8-00001-00001003-00001441 ER from BMX Academy kollam
+VE_6V_v49P8-00002-00001442-00002683 branches
+VE_6V_v49P8-00003-00002684-00003023 widely used for rapidly make million
+VE_6V_v49P8-00004-00003024-00003274 copies of specific DNA assembly without
+VE_6V_v49P8-00005-00003275-00003929 altering the template nucleated secrets
+VE_6V_v49P8-00006-00003931-00006154 [Music]
+VE_6V_v49P8-00008-00012238-00012378 [Music]
+VE_6V_v49P8-00009-00012379-00014337 50 to 68 degrees Celsius
+VE_6V_v49P8-00010-00014338-00014885 [Music]
+VE_6V_v49P8-00011-00014886-00015135 foreign
+VE_6V_v49P8-00013-00018240-00021077 [Music]
+VE_6V_v49P8-00014-00021078-00021227 [Music]
+VE_6V_v49P8-00016-00026120-00026699 [Music]
+VE_6V_v49P8-00017-00026700-00026941 business
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00000-00000101-00000457 good afternoon and first item of
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00001-00000458-00000586 business this afternoon is a statement
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00002-00000587-00000784 by Shirley and Somerville on stem
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00003-00000785-00001037 strategy for education and trading the
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00004-00001038-00001166 minister will take questions at the end
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00005-00001167-00001340 of a statement so there should be no
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00006-00001341-00001495 interventions or interactions and I
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00007-00001496-00001937 Colin Shirley Ann Somerville presiding
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00008-00001938-00002057 officer I'm delighted to Lee before
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00009-00002058-00002267 Parliament daya STEM education training
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00010-00002268-00002516 and strategy for Scotland which focuses
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00011-00002517-00002723 on excellence equity connection and
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00012-00002724-00002992 inspiration indeed only this morning I
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00013-00002993-00003175 was privileged as I have been on a wide
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00014-00003176-00003377 range of visits in recent months to
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00015-00003378-00003572 Science Center's festivals every year
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00016-00003572-00003763 Centre schools colleges and universities
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00017-00003764-00004010 to see the inspiration in action
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00018-00004011-00004265 I visited the Jimmy Donaghy Family
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00019-00004266-00004442 Learning Center in Glasgow which has
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00020-00004443-00004694 established a strong stem preschool
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00021-00004695-00004844 curriculum with hands-on activities and
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00022-00004845-00005090 exciting topics and I saw for myself how
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00023-00005091-00005225 those activities are capturing the
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00024-00005226-00005368 imaginations of the centre's young
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00025-00005369-00005576 learners it was also a great deal about
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00026-00005577-00005759 the partnerships the centre has forged
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00027-00005760-00006047 with Strathclyde University and with the
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00028-00006048-00006202 young stem ambassadors from local
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00029-00006203-00006403 schools one of whom I had the chance to
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00030-00006404-00006659 meet on my visit enthusing and engaging
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00031-00006659-00006856 children from earliest years in science
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00032-00006858-00007003 technology engineering and mathematics
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00033-00007004-00007241 is at the heart of the center's activity
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00034-00007242-00007423 it was an absolute pleasure to see
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00035-00007425-00007619 children exploring stem in all its forms
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00036-00007620-00007870 and this work is key to setting children
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00037-00007872-00008110 of all ages both boys and girls from a
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00038-00008111-00008342 range of backgrounds on a journey of
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00039-00008343-00008560 wonder to learn to question to
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00040-00008561-00008789 experiment to problem-solve to always
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00041-00008790-00009083 ask why and what's next with some
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00042-00009084-00009320 estimate suggesting that 65% of
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00043-00009321-00009496 preschool children will work in careers
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00044-00009497-00009706 and jobs that do not yet exist their
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00045-00009707-00009959 future is truly one of opportunity we
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00046-00009960-00010133 must give them and the children I met in
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00047-00010134-00010331 Glasgow today the tools they need to
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00048-00010332-00010588 seize it presiding officer this stem
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00049-00010589-00010784 chasity has a clear focus and a strong
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00050-00010785-00011021 purpose quite simply to be a nation with
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00051-00011022-00011081 ambition
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00052-00011082-00011363 Scotland must become a stem nation if we
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00053-00011364-00011537 are to realize the ambition set out in
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00054-00011538-00011717 our programme for government to build a
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00055-00011718-00011935 modern dynamic open economy which
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00056-00011936-00012145 benefits everyone in Scotland we must
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00057-00012146-00012346 support everyone in Scotland to develop
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00058-00012347-00012635 the STEM capability and skills all the
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00059-00012636-00012833 sectors which feature in our vision for
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00060-00012834-00013096 a high-tech low-carbon economy have one
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00061-00013097-00013363 golden said the old acquire what forties
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00062-00013363-00013615 stem lifted skills to develop and to
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00063-00013616-00013930 grow this strategy has been shaped by
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00064-00013931-00014140 extensive discussion and dialogue
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00065-00014141-00014275 it began with her debates here in
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00066-00014276-00014449 parliament marking the start of formal
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00067-00014450-00014668 consultation exercise that consultation
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00068-00014669-00014866 was available online and included a
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00069-00014866-00015040 series of events covering specific
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00070-00015041-00015241 interests such as education leaders
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00071-00015241-00015433 gender equality and business engagement
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00072-00015434-00015640 I also have stablished a short life
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00073-00015641-00015802 expert reference group to provide
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00074-00015803-00016021 support and challenge in finalizing the
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00075-00016022-00016266 strategy this group was co-chaired by
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00076-00016268-00016444 Professor Sheila Darwin the chief
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00077-00016445-00016618 scientific advisor for Scotland who is
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00078-00016619-00016816 here in Parliament today and professor
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00079-00016817-00017017 in hunter from Strathclyde University I
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00080-00017018-00017203 am grateful to them and all the members
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00081-00017204-00017350 of the reference group for giving so
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00082-00017351-00017643 generously of their time and expertise
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00083-00017644-00017922 the strategy seeks to address four key
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00084-00017923-00018115 challenges they need to ensure that
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00085-00018116-00018289 people are encouraged to develop an
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00086-00018290-00018460 interest in stainless is reinforced
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00087-00018461-00018622 throughout their lives to ensure that
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00088-00018623-00018796 our education system has the right
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00089-00018797-00018958 number of practitioners with the right
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00090-00018959-00019194 skills to deliver excellent learning and
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00091-00019195-00019422 teaching to build the system which
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00092-00019423-00019600 equips people with the skills that
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00093-00019601-00019797 employers need and has the flexibility
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00094-00019798-00020038 to respond effectively to change and to
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00095-00020039-00020257 tackle the gender imbalances and other
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00096-00020258-00020485 inequalities that exist across STEM
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00097-00020486-00020755 education and training it does so by
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00098-00020756-00021047 focusing on four key themes and names
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00099-00021048-00021300 first we must build the capacity of the
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00100-00021301-00021472 education and training system to deliver
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00101-00021473-00021739 excellent stem learning earlier this
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00102-00021740-00021841 month the Deputy First Minister
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00103-00021842-00021988 announced a new scheme to provide
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00104-00021989-00022234 bursaries for anyone changing career to
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00105-00022235-00022500 chain as the same teacher from August 20
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00106-00022501-00022759 1800 bursaries of 20,000 pain will be
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00107-00022760-00022915 available for people giving up an
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00108-00022916-00023100 existing career to undertake teacher
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00109-00023101-00023353 training in STEM subjects the initial
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00110-00023354-00023521 focus will be on subjects where we are
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00111-00023522-00023692 currently experiencing a shortage in
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00112-00023693-00023881 teacher training students physics
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00113-00023882-00024069 mathematics technical education and
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00114-00024070-00024331 computing science applicants will be
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00115-00024332-00024517 expected to have a relevant degree at a
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00116-00024518-00024835 level of 2.1 above but above a suitable
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00117-00024836-00025093 subject content minimum entry
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00118-00025094-00025243 requirements for teacher education
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00119-00025244-00025552 courses will of course still apply but
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00120-00025553-00025744 we must also provide appropriate support
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00121-00025745-00025950 and professional learning opportunities
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00122-00025951-00026308 for teachers and other practitioners we
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00123-00026308-00026500 will create a new network of stem
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00124-00026501-00026712 specialist advisers to work with Elias
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00125-00026713-00026920 providers and schools to ensure that the
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00126-00026920-00027096 sharing of best practice and emerging
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00127-00027097-00027277 evidence is at the heart of excellence
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00128-00027277-00027514 in stem learning and teaching this new
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00129-00027514-00027690 network will be operational by December
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00130-00027691-00027973 2018 and advisors will work with the new
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00131-00027974-00028117 regional improvement collaboratives
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00132-00028118-00028308 being established in partnership with
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00133-00028309-00028440 local governments as part of our
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00134-00028441-00028717 education reforms to support stem and
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00135-00028718-00028879 learning in schools we will continue to
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00136-00028880-00029035 fund the Scottish Science Education
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00137-00029036-00029239 Research Centre and our partnership with
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00138-00029239-00029370 the wid foundation on the reasoning
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00139-00029371-00029542 aspirations in science education program
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00140-00029543-00029739 as well and is investing in new
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00141-00029740-00030012 resources for practitioners crucially
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00142-00030013-00030183 this will include support for stem
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00143-00030184-00030330 learning and inspiration in the early
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00144-00030331-00030570 years as we expand early years workforce
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00145-00030571-00030933 in Scotland it is vital that we give
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00146-00030934-00031099 everyone the opportunity to fulfill
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00147-00031100-00031273 their staying potential and contribute
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00148-00031274-00031437 to Scotland's economic prosperity
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00149-00031438-00031636 so our second aim focuses on closing
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00150-00031637-00031882 equity gaps in participation and then
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00151-00031883-00032142 attainment in stem we will take action
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00152-00032143-00032286 to improve the participation of
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00153-00032287-00032511 underrepresented groups in stem learning
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00154-00032512-00032745 and to tackle unconscious bias in gender
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00155-00032746-00032970 stereotyping that creates barriers to
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00156-00032971-00033276 participation access and attainment this
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00157-00033277-00033414 must start from the earliest years
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00158-00033415-00033604 onwards and be sustained right through
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00159-00033605-00033823 the education system at all levels
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00160-00033824-00034065 it will include action to tackle gender
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00161-00034066-00034287 segregation and promote equality of
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00162-00034288-00034458 opportunity in the early years
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00163-00034459-00034743 apprenticeships college and university
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00164-00034744-00034989 courses we will work closely with the
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00165-00034990-00035211 qualities experts in the third sector to
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00166-00035212-00035374 create a dedicated team to embed
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00167-00035375-00035592 practice from the successful Institute
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00168-00035593-00035814 of Physics gender balance project across
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00169-00035815-00036274 all skills by 2022 I've already spoken
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00170-00036275-00036436 of the importance of inspiring children
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00171-00036437-00036636 young people and adults to study stem
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00172-00036637-00036826 and to continue their studies to obtain
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00173-00036827-00037083 more specialist skills the current UK
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00174-00037084-00037249 stem ambassador program provides a
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00175-00037250-00037474 strong network of action of support for
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00176-00037475-00037764 education but we can do more we will
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00177-00037765-00037924 establish a new young stem leaders
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00178-00037925-00038112 program to stimulate the development of
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00179-00038113-00038361 peer mentoring in stem this will start
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00180-00038362-00038670 in 2018 and be fully operational by 2022
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00181-00038671-00038907 it will focus on children and young
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00182-00038908-00039087 people who are currently themselves in
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00183-00039088-00039327 education to complement existing stem
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00184-00039328-00039675 ambassadors earlier today I announced
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00185-00039676-00040060 funding of 2.6 2.65 million pound to
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00186-00040061-00040093 support
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00187-00040094-00040261 the work and activity of scotland's for
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00188-00040262-00040462 sine centers and I am proud that we're
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00189-00040463-00040654 the only government in the UK of Asus
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00190-00040655-00040909 financial support design centers they
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00191-00040910-00041062 have a key role to play not only in
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00192-00041063-00041224 inspiring statement children young
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00193-00041225-00041401 people and adults but also in half
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00194-00041402-00041707 helping to tackle inequity we will
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00195-00041708-00041872 therefore target our funding to enable
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00196-00041873-00042076 the centers and science festivals to
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00197-00042077-00042265 further encourage ghettos in particular
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00198-00042266-00042460 and more generally people from deprived
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00199-00042461-00042703 rural and remote communities to engage
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00200-00042704-00042844 in informal stem learning and
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00201-00042845-00043171 experiences the fourth theme seeks to
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00202-00043172-00043345 connect STEM education training offer
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00203-00043346-00043564 with the labor market needs both now and
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00204-00043565-00043786 in the future to increase collaboration
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00205-00043787-00044020 and connection we will create a new stem
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00206-00044021-00044221 hub network to strengthen regional level
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00207-00044222-00044437 collaboration between partners including
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00208-00044438-00044632 universities Science Center's and
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00209-00044633-00044932 employers this network will focus on
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00210-00044933-00045106 building partnerships between secondary
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00211-00045107-00045439 schools and colleges in 2018 and broaden
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00212-00045440-00045604 out to include primary and early
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00213-00045605-00045934 learning settings during 2019 of course
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00214-00045935-00046120 colleges and universities in Scotland
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00215-00046121-00046303 are already taking action to prioritize
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00216-00046304-00046597 stem teaching and courses universities
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00217-00046598-00046729 are world leading and at the cutting
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00218-00046730-00046915 edge of research and innovation across
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00219-00046916-00047143 the spectrum of STEM disciplines our
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00220-00047144-00047314 colleges increasingly play a central
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00221-00047315-00047488 role in coordinating the approach to
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00222-00047489-00047701 stem across their regions and with
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00223-00047702-00047881 partners including businesses and
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00224-00047882-00048106 employers to deliver our hymn of
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00225-00048107-00048289 increasing Modern Apprenticeship stars
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00226-00048290-00048619 to 30,000 we will build on a solid
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00227-00048620-00048937 foundation in series we will increase
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00228-00048938-00049045 the number of college and university
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00229-00049046-00049240 student placements with employers and
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00230-00049241-00049471 stem curriculum areas increase the
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00231-00049472-00049567 number of graduates and post
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00232-00049568-00049768 qualification internships offered with
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00233-00049769-00050020 the same employers and to complement the
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00234-00050021-00050173 approach being taken through developing
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00235-00050174-00050335 the young workforce program to improve
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00236-00050336-00050632 careers and guidance from 3 to 18 we
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00237-00050633-00050794 will ensure that college and university
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00238-00050795-00050989 students have access to the best advice
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00239-00050990-00051262 and guidance about STEM careers but we
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00240-00051263-00051429 must also challenge our institutions to
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00241-00051430-00051688 go further faster we invest in our
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00242-00051689-00051814 colleges and universities with
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00243-00051815-00052017 confidence but an ever more competitive
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00244-00052019-00052266 global economy we must look to them to
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00245-00052267-00052489 work with us and partners in industry to
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00246-00052490-00052627 ensure that their curricular offer to
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00247-00052628-00052791 students and support for researchers
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00248-00052792-00053105 means what a leading and always current
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00249-00053107-00053280 presiding officer this STEM education
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00250-00053282-00053446 and training strategy first
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00251-00053447-00053591 and is deliberately bold and ambitious
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00252-00053592-00053941 it has a five year life tank from 2017
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00253-00053941-00054289 until 2022 and delivery starts now that
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00254-00054290-00054460 focus on delivery must be related to us
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00255-00054461-00054654 so we will measure progress in success
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00256-00054655-00054855 two key performance indicators
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00257-00054857-00055060 what can developing these has begun and
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00258-00055061-00055195 they will be published by the end of the
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00259-00055196-00055467 year I will also chair an implementation
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00260-00055469-00055726 group involving expert external advice
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00261-00055727-00056026 to drive forward delivery that group
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00262-00056027-00056185 will produce annual to put some progress
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00263-00056186-00056383 and provide these to Parliament I am
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00264-00056384-00056541 confident that through the actions in
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00265-00056542-00056710 this strategy we can unlock the
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00266-00056711-00056887 opportunities the future holds for all
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00267-00056888-00057097 of Scotland to flourish and thrive and
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00268-00057098-00057385 become a stem nation presiding officer
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00269-00057386-00057514 this is not the Scottish government
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00270-00057515-00057715 strategy not even that of the Scottish
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00271-00057716-00057891 Parliament though I hope all members and
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00272-00057892-00058096 parliamentary groups will support it its
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00273-00058097-00058252 Scotland's same strategy
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00274-00058253-00058426 Scotland's education and training
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00275-00058427-00058648 strategy in which everyone through our
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00276-00058649-00058813 education system across the public
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00277-00058814-00059062 private and third sectors and within key
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00278-00059063-00059272 businesses and industries has a role to
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00279-00059273-00059416 play and I'm proud to present it to
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00280-00059416-00060262 Parliament today thank you the Minister
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00281-00060263-00060400 will now take questions for the next
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00282-00060401-00060547 twenty minutes a story to encourage all
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00283-00060548-00060688 members who wish to ask a question to
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00284-00060689-00060877 press their request to speak button now
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00285-00060878-00061336 and on lisbeth eating officer can I
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00286-00061337-00061528 thank the Minister for prior sight of
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00287-00061529-00061732 her statement and broadly welcomed the
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00288-00061733-00061882 measures that she's announced although I
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00289-00061883-00062016 have to say it should be noted that some
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00290-00062017-00062176 of the conclusions and recommendations
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00291-00062177-00062404 are exactly the same as those that were
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00292-00062404-00062626 contained in the sea Agri port five
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00293-00062627-00062923 years ago in 2012 which suggests that
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00294-00062924-00063250 progress has been painfully slow I read
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00295-00063251-00063487 I like to ask the Minister a couple of
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00296-00063488-00063847 things firstly in 2015 the Royal Society
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00297-00063848-00064054 of Chemistry made the call to have
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00298-00064054-00064339 specialist science teachers and primary
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00299-00064340-00064519 schools on the back of evidence that
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00300-00064520-00064714 they had collected which suggested that
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00301-00064715-00064936 primaries four to seven were the best
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00302-00064937-00065125 ages to capture the imagination of young
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00303-00065126-00065275 people when it came to science
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00304-00065276-00065464 the Scottish government rejected that
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00305-00065465-00065701 call on grounds of cost but it is
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00306-00065702-00065842 obviously since finding money to support
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00307-00065843-00066070 bursaries for graduates who might be
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00308-00066071-00066226 persuaded into teaching from other
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00309-00066227-00066469 professions could I ask the Scottish
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00310-00066470-00066619 Government if it will no commit to a
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00311-00066620-00066782 program whereby a proportion
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00312-00066783-00066977 that bursary support we're going to sign
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00313-00066978-00067222 specialism in primary schools and
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00314-00067223-00067538 secondly the minister is clearly very
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00315-00067539-00067787 well aware of recent sqa trains in stem
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00316-00067788-00068135 she will know that in 20 2007 there were
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00317-00068136-00068582 50,000 - 231 sqa hire entries in stem
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00318-00068583-00068759 and that there was a pleasing increase
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00319-00068760-00069260 in numbers 250 4618 in 2013 with the new
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00320-00069261-00069470 hires program however the entries for
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00321-00069471-00069848 2016 were only 40 1054 and for the same
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00322-00069849-00070037 period the number of stem teachers in
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00323-00070038-00070250 secondary schools fell from six thousand
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00324-00070251-00070544 and thirty seven to five thousand 864
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00325-00070545-00070808 does the minister accept that
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00326-00070809-00070979 notwithstanding recent demographic
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00327-00070980-00071201 trends this reduction in stem teacher
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00328-00071202-00071474 numbers is a serious part of the subject
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00329-00071475-00071702 choice issue which partly explains why
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00330-00071703-00071873 insufficient pupils are studying same
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00331-00071874-00072422 subjects at higher level mister can I
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00332-00072423-00072734 thank Liz Smith for those questions and
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00333-00072735-00072995 can I take it up on on one point what I
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00334-00072996-00073184 would disagree with and that's the focus
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00335-00073185-00073469 on saying that they am the idea of the
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00336-00073470-00073703 best time to inspire young people is
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00337-00073704-00073958 between primary four and seven I was in
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00338-00073959-00074267 an early years setting this this morning
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00339-00074268-00074534 it was children aged 4 to 5 that were
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00340-00074535-00074693 utterly engaged
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00341-00074694-00074945 unenthused in stem and the head teacher
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00342-00074946-00075353 there it was very very keen to press
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00343-00075354-00075572 upon the fact that we need to start at
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00344-00075573-00075812 that stage not wait until primary four
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00345-00075813-00076031 and that's in many ways because of the
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00346-00076032-00076181 research was shown particularly for
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00347-00076182-00076451 young girls that say that by the age of
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00348-00076452-00076616 seven they already think what's a boys
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00349-00076617-00076841 object and what's a ghetto subject so I
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00350-00076842-00077039 think primarily for is actually already
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00351-00077040-00077237 to eat and we've lost some young people
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00352-00077238-00077534 to that the point on the specialist a
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00353-00077535-00077882 stem teachers I said in my statement
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00354-00077883-00078116 that we will invest in a network of
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00355-00078117-00078478 specialists stem advisors that will take
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00356-00078479-00078782 their support and share the good
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00357-00078783-00079049 practice that happens across Scotland
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00358-00079050-00079286 I'm into each and every individual
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00359-00079287-00079520 school and again I saw great examples of
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00360-00079521-00079688 that within the work that we've done in
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00361-00079689-00079874 partnership with the wid foundation of
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00362-00079875-00080093 the work that an advisor can bring to a
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00363-00080094-00080192 collection of
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00364-00080193-00080426 skills that's why we went along the
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00365-00080427-00080738 process that we have when it comes to
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00366-00080739-00081071 the number of young people taking STEM
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00367-00081072-00081341 subjects and she is right to point out
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00368-00081342-00081509 to the fact that the school cohort is
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00369-00081510-00081812 falling in a thwart a six cohorts and
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00370-00081813-00082219 between 2010 and 2016 has fallen by 5.6
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00371-00082220-00082382 percent and that doesn't some we
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00372-00082383-00082532 explained some of the statistics that I
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00373-00082533-00082957 understand we are seeing in 13.4%
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00374-00082958-00083186 more young people in passing the full
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00375-00083187-00083372 range of stem hires between 2017
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00376-00083373-00083597 compared to 2007 so we're seeing
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00377-00083598-00083828 progress but the point of the strategy
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00378-00083829-00083966 is it's not enough and that's exactly
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00379-00083967-00084238 why we're putting in into place today
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00380-00084239-00084461 this schemes that we are to encourage
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00381-00084462-00084819 more young people into this system
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00382-00084820-00085109 choices and within curriculum for
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00383-00085110-00085211 excellence of course when we're looking
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00384-00085212-00085367 particularly at the senior fees we do
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00385-00085368-00085505 need to look at the senior fees within
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00386-00085506-00085775 the three years and now allowing schools
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00387-00085776-00085955 to have a subject choices and a
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00388-00085956-00086168 curriculum that's chosen at a local
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00389-00086169-00086348 level but allows the young people there
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00390-00086349-00086612 to have a wide range of subject choices
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00391-00086613-00086789 available to them and that's includes
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00392-00086790-00087176 the sciences angry Thank You presiding
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00393-00087177-00087365 officer the minister will get no
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00394-00087366-00087554 argument from us that Scotland must be
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00395-00087555-00087812 as it historically has been esteem
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00396-00087813-00088115 nation so a strategy to achieve this is
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00397-00088116-00088430 certainly welcome the question is is it
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00398-00088431-00088790 urgent or bold enough most methods right
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00399-00088791-00089099 since 2007 we've lost over 800 stem
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00400-00089100-00089372 teachers from her schools and enrolment
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00401-00089373-00089569 in pass rates in recent years and STEM
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00402-00089570-00089744 subjects have not just fallen a higher
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00403-00089745-00089956 level but at national four and five
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00404-00089957-00090278 levels to meanwhile stem teacher
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00405-00090279-00090518 training places like unfilled and math
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00406-00090519-00090781 saloon universities have fell fewer than
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00407-00090782-00091175 half of the available places now we have
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00408-00091176-00091388 long argued for bursaries for STEM
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00409-00091389-00091640 trainee teachers as an incentive so
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00410-00091641-00091916 those are names are very welcome but can
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00411-00091917-00092096 the minister explain why they are only
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00412-00092097-00092465 for career changers we urgently need new
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00413-00092466-00092687 physics maths and computer science
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00414-00092688-00093038 graduates to choose teaching - they need
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00415-00093039-00093371 to be incentivized as well the truth is
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00416-00093372-00093430 though
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00417-00093431-00093631 as long as her teachers are among the
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00418-00093632-00093829 purest speed and most overworked in the
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00419-00093830-00094075 world the profession will not attract
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00420-00094076-00094360 the same talent that we need so what
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00421-00094361-00094528 will the Scottish government do to fix
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00422-00094529-00094798 teachers pay and workload and make it an
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00423-00094799-00095107 attractive option for all graduates but
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00424-00095108-00095496 especially those in STEM subjects mister
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00425-00095497-00095920 was Ian Lee well knows the teacher P is
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00426-00095921-00096091 negotiated through the Scottish National
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00427-00096092-00096298 Committee for teachers made up from
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00428-00096299-00096442 local government unions in the Scottish
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00429-00096443-00096657 government those discussions are ongoing
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00430-00096658-00096876 the Scottish government is playing its
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00431-00096877-00097039 part in that process
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00432-00097040-00097231 a man is committed to securing an
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00433-00097232-00097474 outcome for that and the Deputy First
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00434-00097475-00097672 Minister has said many times as
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00435-00097673-00097978 commitment to tackle teacher what clued
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00436-00097979-00098191 him and has demonstrated that with an
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00437-00098192-00098500 his tying him in his paws particularly
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00438-00098501-00098779 around a knot force in that fight he
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00439-00098780-00098935 talks about teacher recruitment and I'm
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00440-00098936-00099142 pleased that he is welcoming the the
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00441-00099143-00099507 bursaries for for a student a teachers
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00442-00099508-00099796 within these subjects and it is a very
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00443-00099797-00100057 important that we encourage more people
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00444-00100058-00100345 into these areas but that is only one of
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00445-00100346-00100528 the actions that the government is
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00446-00100529-00100873 taking we've invested 88 million pounds
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00447-00100874-00101038 so that every school can access the
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00448-00101039-00101215 right numbers of teachers and this year
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00449-00101216-00101380 alone we're working with local
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00450-00101381-00101515 authorities to increase the teacher
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00451-00101516-00101827 numbers and do see an additional 253
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00452-00101828-00102118 this year with increasing funding and
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00453-00102119-00102316 places to our universities to recruit
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00454-00102317-00102553 teacher trainers and are teaching new
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00455-00102554-00102904 new ways for individuals to get involved
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00456-00102905-00103216 with in teaching now we have seen
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00457-00103217-00103426 unfortunately that some of those places
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00458-00103427-00103569 have not been filled but when the
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00459-00103570-00103833 figures are produced at the end of next
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00460-00103834-00104104 month the final figures we do still hope
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00461-00104105-00104329 to see an increase in the levels throat
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00462-00104330-00104563 from last year so what is ongoing when
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00463-00104564-00104718 the demonstration that we've made to
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00464-00104719-00104863 continue to look at new innovative
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00465-00104864-00105066 solutions through the new rec center
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00466-00105067-00105169 teaching and the bus studies
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00467-00105170-00105360 demonstrates their commitment on this
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00468-00105361-00105697 subject thank you very much
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00469-00105698-00105885 we've had opening questions from the
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00470-00105886-00106030 front bench we're now hopefully more
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00471-00106031-00106147 British to the rest of the questions
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00472-00106148-00106345 James joined before by Oliver Mandel
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00473-00106346-00106564 James Turner Thank You presiding officer
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00474-00106565-00106750 I very much welcome the minister's
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00475-00106751-00106801 statement
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00476-00106802-00106935 the continuing recognition of the
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00477-00106936-00107122 importance of staying and the strategy
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00478-00107123-00107310 as lado but can the Menace that expand
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00479-00107311-00107458 fathered and how she plans to strengthen
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00480-00107458-00107644 stem partnerships between schools
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00481-00107645-00107905 colleges universities employers and
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00482-00107906-00108058 encourage things like what based
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+VHVrLt9vfq0-00484-00108242-00108739 curriculum areas we're already seeing
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00485-00108740-00108868 strengthening partnerships between
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00486-00108869-00109173 schools and colleges and employers
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00487-00109174-00109399 increasing those opportunities for young
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00488-00109400-00109635 people to take undertake what placements
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00489-00109636-00109969 through the world of work and the d YW
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00490-00109970-00110215 program that's including I grow number
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00491-00110216-00110380 of apprenticeships foundation
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00492-00110381-00110563 apprenticeships that already started
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00493-00110564-00110752 school as well as modern and graduate
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00494-00110753-00110938 apprenticeships we will build on this
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00495-00110939-00111046 however through the work that we're
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00496-00111047-00111183 doing in the same strategy that I
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00497-00111184-00111352 discussed that I'm the new work network
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00498-00111353-00111609 for stem hubs that's gonna be very very
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00499-00111610-00111864 important to link secondary schools and
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00500-00111865-00112177 colleges in this first instance before
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00501-00112178-00112423 broadening out to wider collaboration
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00502-00112424-00112591 and it is important when we get the
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00503-00112592-00112765 different sections of the education
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00504-00112766-00113047 system working coherent lis together it
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00505-00113048-00113313 to build inspiration to build enthusiasm
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00506-00113314-00113614 with an M stem and ensure that more
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00507-00113615-00113811 young people not only takes them within
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00508-00113813-00113971 school but anger want to take it within
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00509-00113972-00114193 college university in or an
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00510-00114194-00114415 apprenticeship and get involved in the
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00511-00114416-00114805 same clear Oliver Mandel to be full by
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00512-00114806-00115018 Jenna Carruth Thank You presiding
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00513-00115019-00115066 officer
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00514-00115067-00115386 in February 2017 as part of the Scottish
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00515-00115388-00115603 government strategy to encourage greater
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00516-00115604-00115906 uptake in stem it recommended that stem
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00517-00115907-00116056 graduates would be able to undertake
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00518-00116057-00116380 postgraduate courses at the same time as
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00519-00116381-00116596 undertaking the probationary teaching
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00520-00116597-00116815 course can I therefore ask the minister
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00521-00116816-00117040 how many graduates to cop that option in
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00522-00117041-00117408 the academic year 2017 18 and what plans
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00523-00117409-00117708 the Scottish government has to extend it
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00524-00117708-00117979 well it is very important that we look
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00525-00117980-00118260 at different ways of getting individuals
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00526-00118261-00118531 into teaching not just those that are
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00527-00118532-00118924 within university at the moment and
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00528-00118925-00119208 doing the first degree but also the
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+VHVrLt9vfq0-00530-00119476-00119736 looking into and I will write to the
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00531-00119738-00119917 member with the details of off their
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00532-00119918-00120084 specific numbers but I think what were
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00533-00120085-00120162 demonstrate
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00534-00120163-00120354 within that scheme and the other schemes
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00535-00120355-00120558 I'm talking about empty D is there a
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00536-00120559-00120756 commitment to look at a wide variety of
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00537-00120757-00120939 different options to allow people to
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00538-00120940-00121301 come in to STEM subjects and system
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00539-00121302-00121695 teaching from different variations one
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00540-00121696-00121875 of the challenges I've had when I'm
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00541-00121876-00122151 going about on my visits is to encourage
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00542-00122152-00122295 people on the first debris that may
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00543-00122296-00122462 never have thought about taking em
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00544-00122463-00122719 teaching as a profession and I've seen
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00545-00122720-00122940 some example excellent examples in the
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00546-00122941-00123126 University of Glasgow and particularly
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00547-00123127-00123294 our own computing science of those that
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00548-00123295-00123399 are in the first degree
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00549-00123400-00123627 moving and today I'm teaching which is a
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00550-00123628-00123852 particular a challenging area but I will
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00551-00123853-00123978 write to the member with the specific
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00552-00123979-00124260 details he asked for Jenny Gill Ruth to
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00553-00124261-00124449 be filled by Daniel Johnson Thank You
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00554-00124450-00124665 officer I remind members I'm the PLO for
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00555-00124666-00124894 education can the minister explained how
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00556-00124895-00125001 the Scottish government will support
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00557-00125002-00125238 external organisations in linking the
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00558-00125239-00125403 same strategy to curriculum for
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00559-00125404-00125622 excellence particularly with regard to
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00560-00125623-00125808 the experiences and outcomes contained
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00561-00125809-00126219 in the science curriculum area no sir
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00562-00126220-00126510 one of the great opportunities I think
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00563-00126511-00126793 we have within stem and encouraging
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00564-00126794-00127053 interaction with stem is the great deal
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00565-00127054-00127337 of goodwill from businesses from
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00566-00127338-00127611 employers and the private sector who
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00567-00127612-00127776 want to get involved in what's happening
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00568-00127777-00127923 within our schools colleges and
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00569-00127924-00128064 university I want to bring that
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00570-00128065-00128295 expertise and inspiration into the
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00571-00128296-00128454 school setting the challenge we have
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00572-00128455-00128598 perhaps at the moment is there's a
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00573-00128599-00128853 plethora of great ideas out there are
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00574-00128854-00129108 many of them are in the senior fees and
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00575-00129109-00129276 those that are already interested in
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00576-00129277-00129510 stem rather than a primary school or
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00577-00129511-00129726 even indeed early years so one of the
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00578-00129727-00129921 aspects that the strategy will look at
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00579-00129922-00130233 as education Scotland and we'll bring
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00580-00130234-00130494 all that plethora it together bring it
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00581-00130495-00130819 into a can a collaboration we are
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00582-00130820-00131124 teachers and educators it can look at
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00583-00131125-00131250 what's relevant to the area of
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00584-00131251-00131391 colliculus for excellence that they are
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00585-00131392-00131668 already or about to teach their class
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00586-00131669-00131913 and see which project is most beneficial
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00587-00131914-00132150 to them I hope that will bring the best
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00588-00132151-00132327 though or for all I was already an
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00589-00132328-00132528 author or will encourage more of the
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00590-00132529-00132672 private sector more employers and more
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00591-00132673-00132903 businesses to get involved in primary
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00592-00132904-00133069 skills and the early year setting in
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00593-00133070-00133393 particular Daniel Johnston to be
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00594-00133394-00133528 followed by clear Adamson
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00595-00133529-00133777 the strategy gives key responsibilities
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00596-00133778-00133939 to skills development Scotland for
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00597-00133940-00134131 improving gender equality into STEM
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00598-00134132-00134410 careers given that last year only 40
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00599-00134411-00134611 percent of any starts were women and
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00600-00134612-00134878 that figure has declined since 2012 is
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00601-00134879-00135325 it right put such confidence in SDS and
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00602-00135326-00135652 is she proud of that track record the
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00603-00135653-00135822 SDS has and apprenticeships in his name
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00604-00135823-00136270 Minister I think one of the issues we do
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00605-00136271-00136408 have to face up to it is that we have
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00606-00136409-00136648 challenges with the number of young
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00607-00136649-00136837 women that are taking stem substation
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00608-00136838-00137086 skills apprenticeships and college
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00609-00137087-00137368 courses university courses and those are
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00610-00137369-00137617 facts that we we do have to look at very
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00611-00137618-00137878 realistically to see how we want to
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00612-00137879-00138217 tackle them MSDS is doing a great deal
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00613-00138218-00138445 of work particularly around paper ships
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00614-00138446-00138835 it to encourage employers to see the
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00615-00138836-00139126 benefit of taking on only not only more
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00616-00139127-00139255 apprenticeships but more women
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00617-00139256-00139444 apprenticeships and that work is ongoing
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00618-00139445-00139645 it's a challenge that we're all going to
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00619-00139646-00139858 have to face in all the way through that
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00620-00139859-00140215 we see young women in decreasing in
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00621-00140216-00140488 their interest within stem as they go on
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00622-00140489-00140773 to specialize in different areas SDS
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00623-00140774-00140923 will have to face up to the stones just
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00624-00140924-00141070 like the Scottish funding Council will
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00625-00141071-00141316 have to in our universities and our
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00626-00141317-00141454 colleges but they're well up for that
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00627-00141455-00141793 challenge clear iverson be followed by
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00628-00141794-00141964 Ross Priya Thank You presiding officer
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00629-00141965-00142225 can I draw members attention to my
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00630-00142226-00142429 declaration as a board member of Sarek
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00631-00142430-00142600 and a member at the British Computer
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00632-00142601-00142780 Society
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00633-00142781-00142945 can I ask the minister whether the
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00634-00142946-00143107 funding council will review the criteria
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00635-00143108-00143398 and routes into teaching for computing
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00636-00143399-00143644 lodges that would allow them to teach
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00637-00143645-00143854 computing alongside other curriculum
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00638-00143855-00144088 areas such as maths or physics rather
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00639-00144089-00144286 than being constrained by the current
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00640-00144287-00144490 route of Business Studies departments
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00641-00144491-00145090 within schools the entry requirements
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00642-00145091-00145315 for initial teacher education are set by
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00643-00145316-00145444 the general teaching Council for
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00644-00145445-00145696 Scotland the provision for the general
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00645-00145697-00145885 teaching Council to award computer
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00646-00145886-00146074 graduates provisional registration and
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00647-00146075-00146323 dual subjects already exists providing
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00648-00146324-00146434 that the student meets the entity
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00649-00146435-00146608 requirements for teacher education which
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00650-00146609-00146773 state that the initial degree should
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00651-00146774-00146844 have sufficient
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00652-00146845-00147027 content of the subjects that will be
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00653-00147028-00147303 taught from August 2017 further
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00654-00147304-00147492 flexibility for dual registration has
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00655-00147493-00147693 been created so that probationers who
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00656-00147694-00147852 hold or who are working towards a
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00657-00147853-00148038 teaching qualification and two subjects
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00658-00148039-00148260 can I like to do so their probation year
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00659-00148261-00148488 and both subjects thereby successfully
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00660-00148489-00148605 gaining the standard for full
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00661-00148606-00148815 registration in both subjects this
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00662-00148816-00149016 includes combinations of STEM subjects
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00663-00149017-00149397 including computing and math cross
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00664-00149398-00149628 cleared with all by my grumbles thank
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00665-00149629-00149817 you in regards to the recently announced
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00666-00149818-00150036 bursaries I precess the retin question
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00667-00150037-00150219 on whether a qualification will depend
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00668-00150220-00150378 on the industry the individual worked in
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00669-00150379-00150543 and for how long they must have been in
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00670-00150544-00150735 the workforce to be eligible the Deputy
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00671-00150736-00150912 First Minister confirmed the eligibility
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00672-00150913-00151062 will not be based on the industry and
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00673-00151063-00151197 the ministers confirm that it will be
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00674-00151198-00151407 based on qualification but Kiera
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00675-00151408-00151551 confirmed for how long an individual
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00676-00151552-00151677 must have been in the workplace to
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00677-00151678-00151869 qualify as a career changer and why the
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00678-00151870-00151980 government believes that to be the
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00679-00151981-00152409 correct criteria Minister well more than
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00680-00152410-00152751 happy to to speak to roster further
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00681-00152752-00153000 about his suggestions about how the
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00682-00153001-00153165 paucity well what going to be has
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00683-00153166-00153444 particular issues concerns or
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00684-00153445-00153741 suggestions I don't particularly areas
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00685-00153742-00153921 and we're more than happy to look at
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00686-00153922-00154173 that as we progress into the detail the
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00687-00154174-00154416 important aspect about the scheme is to
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00688-00154417-00154641 and try and encourage more individuals
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00689-00154642-00154881 and from a variety of of em stem
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00690-00154882-00155163 industries to bring that stem experience
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00691-00155164-00155370 and that work-life experience it
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00692-00155371-00155559 directly into the classrooms and of mr.
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00693-00155560-00155781 Greer has particular suggestions about
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00694-00155782-00155916 what would make that scheme more
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00695-00155917-00156033 successful I'd be more than happy to
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00696-00156034-00156227 work with him on that
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00697-00156228-00156642 my rumbles before by Julian Martin by
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00698-00156643-00156939 what date does the minister expect the
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00699-00156940-00157161 teacher shortages in STEM subjects will
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00700-00157162-00157413 be overcome particularly in the
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00701-00157414-00157632 Northeast council areas of Aberdeen City
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00702-00157633-00158274 and Aberdeenshire Minister well as I
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00703-00158275-00158526 said in my answer to other members there
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00704-00158527-00158703 the Scottish Government is undertaking a
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00705-00158704-00159042 range of different initiatives to deal
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00706-00159043-00159204 with the challenges that we have around
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00707-00159205-00159351 teacher recruitment particular around
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00708-00159352-00159618 some areas the bursaries that I've just
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00709-00159619-00159807 spoken to mr. Glee about it was one of
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00710-00159808-00159966 them if mister rumbles would like to
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00711-00159967-00160119 take the same positive attitude that mr.
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00712-00160120-00160158 Glee
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00713-00160159-00160329 so what was the government on positive
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00714-00160330-00160467 suggestions have been more than happy to
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00715-00160468-00160751 hear that
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00716-00160752-00161013 Julian Martin's before by Jimmy Hoffa
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00717-00161014-00161268 Johnson so someone who taught a
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00718-00161269-00161517 technology subject to Fe level up until
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00719-00161518-00161721 last year the warmly welcome statement
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00720-00161722-00161994 on stem strategy today Minister will be
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00721-00161995-00162174 aware of the economy committee's recent
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00722-00162175-00162408 report on the gender pay gap can she
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00723-00162409-00162570 outline how the stem strategy will help
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00724-00162571-00162807 her Gen address causing the gender pay
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00725-00162808-00162996 gap given that STEM sectors are
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00726-00162997-00163149 generally better paid the most
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00727-00163150-00163299 and they're still stubbornly gender
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00728-00163300-00163863 segregated Minister Julian Martin Martin
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00729-00163864-00164061 Macy's a very important point that we
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00730-00164062-00164271 know would not only look at what happens
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00731-00164272-00164430 within school and the education system
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00732-00164431-00164706 but what happens in when young people
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00733-00164707-00165018 particularly young women force within
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00734-00165019-00165345 stem industries scotland's full-time
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00735-00165346-00165669 gender pick up at 6.6 percent it remains
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00736-00165670-00165927 below that of the UK and is marginally
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00737-00165928-00166188 higher than year before we have come a
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00738-00166189-00166521 long way however but not far enough so
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00739-00166522-00166722 mrs. Martin should be assured that
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00740-00166723-00166887 equality for women is at the heart of
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00741-00166888-00167037 the Scottish Government's vision for an
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00742-00167038-00167220 equal Scotland and our program for
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00743-00167221-00167355 government obviously contains a number
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00744-00167356-00167583 of commitments for progressing including
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00745-00167584-00167781 legislating for gender balance on public
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00746-00167782-00167901 boards and confirming the full
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00747-00167902-00168096 membership of our Advisory Council on
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00748-00168097-00168327 women and girls we'll continue to keep
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00749-00168328-00168609 pushing for further progress and taking
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00750-00168610-00168861 decisive action to tackle the drivers of
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00751-00168862-00169092 the pay gap well power over flexible
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00752-00169093-00169233 working including parental leave and
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00753-00169234-00169449 peer as after the UK government we're
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00754-00169450-00169614 doing all we can to ensure a flexible
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00755-00169615-00169833 working practices by funding for example
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00756-00169834-00169992 the family friendly working Scotland
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00757-00169993-00170148 which is working to change what place
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00758-00170149-00170337 cultures and we're also investing in
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00759-00170338-00170499 programs to help women get back into
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00760-00170500-00170733 work after clear week including in
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00761-00170734-00171045 relation to stem Jimmy how Claud Johnson
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00762-00171046-00171222 to be full by Ben McPherson
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00763-00171223-00171444 Thank You presiding officer according to
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00764-00171445-00171585 you at skills development Scotland in
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00765-00171586-00172086 2015 2016 only 79 of the 1458 young
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00766-00172087-00172293 people starting engineering an energy
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00767-00172294-00172443 energy related modern apprenticeships of
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00768-00172444-00172764 female in 2016 2017 that number had
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00769-00172765-00173172 fallen 20 67 of 1185 that's just over
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00770-00173173-00173334 five percent of those young people
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00771-00173335-00173496 starting engineering and energy related
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00772-00173497-00173552 mon
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00773-00173553-00173753 mentorships being female can the
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00774-00173754-00173924 minister tell us what real progress she
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00775-00173925-00174069 is aiming for over the course of this
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00776-00174070-00174236 Parliament in terms of the number of
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00777-00174237-00174401 young women starting engineering and
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00778-00174402-00174652 energy-related modern apprenticeships
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00779-00174653-00174957 well I've already said an answer to a
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00780-00174958-00175119 previous question this is something
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00781-00175120-00175466 which MSDS is looking at in great detail
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00782-00175467-00175724 we have a agenda action plan that sets
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00783-00175725-00175897 out the work that they'll be doing
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00784-00175898-00176273 within the within their work within
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00785-00176274-00176469 apprenticeships and we're also seeing
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00786-00176470-00176757 then that action plans for this
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00787-00176758-00176907 corresponding council and their
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00788-00176908-00177098 universities and colleges to tackle that
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00789-00177099-00177323 the gender gap that they have within
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00790-00177324-00177578 some of their STEM subjects this is
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00791-00177579-00177833 something question is going to be
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00792-00177834-00178202 difficult in to see progress on but we
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00793-00178203-00178364 do have to see progress that the figures
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00794-00178365-00178601 that you've pointed out today is sure
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00795-00178602-00179033 they are salute the the very wide gap in
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00796-00179034-00179240 the numbers of women and men are coming
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00797-00179241-00179477 forward for apprenticeships part of the
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00798-00179478-00179627 way that we're also looking to do that
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00799-00179628-00179868 is through careers advice and the
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00800-00179869-00180101 opportunities that are presented to get
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00801-00180102-00180287 us when they're still at school both in
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00802-00180288-00180507 terms of their subject choice and when
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00803-00180508-00180689 they're looking at avenues and
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00804-00180690-00180916 opportunities and to take up
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00805-00180917-00181095 apprenticeships particularly with
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00806-00181096-00181283 engineering it may not be the first
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00807-00181284-00181557 thing it will be presented to them may
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00808-00181558-00181733 not also be something in which other
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00809-00181734-00181940 influencers including impairments and
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00810-00181941-00182165 families and other teachers may present
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00811-00182166-00182348 to them as a positive option so we have
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00812-00182349-00182639 a challenge to take corn in inspiring
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00813-00182640-00182895 only young girls to take part but also I
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00814-00182896-00183108 think for families and for educators to
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00815-00183109-00183314 see the real opportunities that women
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00816-00183315-00183446 can have when they take those course
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00817-00183447-00183665 he's on that's why the the work that I
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00818-00183666-00183875 talked about around him careers advice
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00819-00183876-00184088 and ensuring that careers advice between
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00820-00184089-00184415 3 and 18 ensures that we're looking at
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00821-00184416-00184583 the advice that young women are getting
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00822-00184584-00184784 including among the apprenticeship
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00823-00184785-00184990 offers that they take within engineering
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00824-00184991-00185240 and finally in briefly been refreshed
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00825-00185241-00185450 thank you for saying officer like others
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00826-00185451-00185636 I warmly welcome the fact that the
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00827-00185637-00185856 strategy sees training and recruiting
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00828-00185857-00186029 new stem teachers as a priority
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00829-00186030-00186296 however inspiring young people into stem
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00830-00186297-00186602 will also be key therefore can I ask the
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00831-00186603-00186822 minister to see more about the young
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00832-00186823-00186939 stem Leaders program
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00833-00186940-00187176 and how that initiative will be taken
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00834-00187177-00187353 forward especially to engage young
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00835-00187354-00187553 people from the private communities
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00836-00187554-00187898 Minister well the young stem leaders
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00837-00187899-00188223 project will work alongside the UK
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00838-00188224-00188439 ambassadors Network for staying
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00839-00188440-00188661 ambassadors one of the aspects which
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00840-00188662-00188970 works particularly well is when young
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00841-00188971-00189183 people inspire other young people to
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00842-00189184-00189390 take on the same opportunity so they can
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00843-00189391-00189654 see someone from the wrong community of
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00844-00189655-00189888 their own gender of their own background
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00845-00189889-00190161 taking on STEM subjects and succeeding
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00846-00190162-00190296 in them and seeing the clear
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00847-00190297-00190473 opportunities afterwards and I saw that
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00848-00190474-00190737 when I was in Glasgow this afternoon the
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00849-00190738-00190908 work this morning the work I was doing
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00850-00190909-00191178 in between young people a secondary
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00851-00191179-00191340 school inspiring people and a primary
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00852-00191341-00191508 school world and pilot inspiring people
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00853-00191509-00191685 within a narrow year setting and the
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00854-00191686-00191847 work that goes on between University
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00855-00191848-00192117 students as well those that work has
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00856-00192118-00192462 been proven in to see a real change in
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00857-00192463-00192660 attitude not wasn't just amongst the
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00858-00192661-00192909 students but among teachers as well and
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00859-00192910-00193005 that's why we're looking to make that
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00860-00193006-00193308 more systemic across Scotland can I
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00861-00193309-00193455 thank Minister and members and that
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00862-00193456-00193701 concludes our statement and stem will
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00863-00193702-00193812 now move the statement from yielding
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00864-00193813-00193989 campbellot and diet and obesity we just
+VHVrLt9vfq0-00865-00193990-00194325 take a few moments to change seats
+VIGqwB9Ha4k-00000-00001492-00002883 oh
+VIGqwB9Ha4k-00001-00002884-00003459 oh
+VIGqwB9Ha4k-00003-00007084-00007258 oh
+VIGqwB9Ha4k-00004-00007259-00007826 [Music]
+VO9FU5y8szU-00000-00000805-00000989 thank you
+VO9FU5y8szU-00001-00000990-00001283 today I'm taking my break with a Ludwig
+VO9FU5y8szU-00002-00001284-00001541 Roland a resident care assistant at Ryan
+VO9FU5y8szU-00003-00001542-00001841 Gates hospitals evergreen house we are
+VO9FU5y8szU-00004-00001842-00002129 here at the bgh wellness center learning
+VO9FU5y8szU-00005-00002130-00002495 about Basics hobby bodybuilding
+VO9FU5y8szU-00006-00002496-00002692 hey look back hello how's it going good
+VO9FU5y8szU-00007-00002693-00002860 how are you doing good I'm ready to body
+VO9FU5y8szU-00008-00002861-00003133 belt perfect great let's get to it yeah
+VO9FU5y8szU-00009-00003134-00003692 good smile
+VO9FU5y8szU-00010-00003693-00003853 [Music]
+VO9FU5y8szU-00011-00003854-00004079 I just wanted to start by asking you a
+VO9FU5y8szU-00012-00004079-00004217 bit about your role at Vancouver Crystal
+VO9FU5y8szU-00013-00004218-00004415 Health what do you do I work as a care
+VO9FU5y8szU-00014-00004416-00004649 Aid in Extended Care at Lionsgate
+VO9FU5y8szU-00015-00004650-00004822 Hospital in Evergreen house take care of
+VO9FU5y8szU-00016-00004823-00004997 the elderly mostly yeah well Extended
+VO9FU5y8szU-00017-00004998-00005195 Care residence and this helped him get
+VO9FU5y8szU-00018-00005196-00005356 out of bed and yeah help them with their
+VO9FU5y8szU-00019-00005357-00005543 daily life why did you choose to work in
+VO9FU5y8szU-00020-00005544-00005818 long-term care my mom was the biggest
+VO9FU5y8szU-00021-00005819-00005968 reason I haven't worked at the hospital
+VO9FU5y8szU-00022-00005969-00006263 and uh I was going to a bodybuilding
+VO9FU5y8szU-00023-00006264-00006509 contest one time years ago and uh got
+VO9FU5y8szU-00024-00006509-00006719 into an accident and then as I was
+VO9FU5y8szU-00025-00006720-00006892 recovering she goes to me what do you
+VO9FU5y8szU-00026-00006893-00007217 want to do and uh I said I don't know so
+VO9FU5y8szU-00027-00007218-00007546 she recommended that I try uh becoming a
+VO9FU5y8szU-00028-00007547-00007667 Carrie because I need to carry except
+VO9FU5y8szU-00029-00007668-00007834 the hospital back then they didn't have
+VO9FU5y8szU-00030-00007836-00008033 lifts and not the equipment that they
+VO9FU5y8szU-00031-00008034-00008242 have nowadays and you know me being a
+VO9FU5y8szU-00032-00008243-00008423 weightlifter they could use my help so I
+VO9FU5y8szU-00033-00008424-00008603 decided you know give it a shot
+VO9FU5y8szU-00034-00008604-00008842 and so I did and they've been good to me
+VO9FU5y8szU-00035-00008843-00008975 ever since
+VO9FU5y8szU-00036-00008976-00009263 [Music]
+VO9FU5y8szU-00037-00009264-00009599 why did you get into bodybuilding uh I
+VO9FU5y8szU-00038-00009600-00009760 enjoyed it I first started boxing when I
+VO9FU5y8szU-00039-00009761-00009946 was 15. and then through hard training
+VO9FU5y8szU-00040-00009947-00010156 my friends noticed my body change a bit
+VO9FU5y8szU-00041-00010157-00010246 and say you should try some weight
+VO9FU5y8szU-00042-00010247-00010492 lifting yeah and so I started going to
+VO9FU5y8szU-00043-00010493-00010721 the gym and never looked back
+VO9FU5y8szU-00044-00010722-00010931 [Music]
+VO9FU5y8szU-00045-00010932-00011699 foreign
+VO9FU5y8szU-00046-00011700-00011927 obviously you know we've all seen the
+VO9FU5y8szU-00047-00011928-00012185 pictures of bodybuilders very shiny very
+VO9FU5y8szU-00048-00012186-00012431 tan what are you putting on your body
+VO9FU5y8szU-00049-00012432-00012653 before competition well what they do now
+VO9FU5y8szU-00050-00012654-00012838 is you go into a spray booth and they
+VO9FU5y8szU-00051-00012839-00013072 spray a tan on you okay okay and then
+VO9FU5y8szU-00052-00013073-00013294 after that all you do is do two coats of
+VO9FU5y8szU-00053-00013295-00013438 that okay one day before the one that
+VO9FU5y8szU-00054-00013440-00013619 will usually morning up yeah and then
+VO9FU5y8szU-00055-00013619-00013793 before you go on stage they put on a
+VO9FU5y8szU-00056-00013794-00014075 glaze spray how long do take for you to
+VO9FU5y8szU-00057-00014076-00014255 get that off like how many showers are
+VO9FU5y8szU-00058-00014256-00014716 we talking oh it takes about a week
+VO9FU5y8szU-00059-00014718-00015149 make sure your hands are easy
+VO9FU5y8szU-00060-00015150-00015407 space normal so what are three things
+VO9FU5y8szU-00061-00015408-00015569 about your role that you think would
+VO9FU5y8szU-00062-00015569-00015863 convince someone to want to do this job
+VO9FU5y8szU-00063-00015863-00016216 you work with great staff yeah uh pays
+VO9FU5y8szU-00064-00016218-00016486 fairly well yeah you know it's good to
+VO9FU5y8szU-00065-00016487-00016769 help people yeah it's fairly satisfying
+VO9FU5y8szU-00066-00016770-00017033 yeah so this is kind of an interesting
+VO9FU5y8szU-00067-00017034-00017230 fact you have worked for Vancouver
+VO9FU5y8szU-00068-00017231-00017458 Crystal for 30 years which is pretty
+VO9FU5y8szU-00069-00017459-00017686 long how does that feel it feels good
+VO9FU5y8szU-00070-00017687-00017861 you know it's been good to me yeah thank
+VO9FU5y8szU-00071-00017862-00018100 people for self in YMCA hospital and my
+VO9FU5y8szU-00072-00018101-00018512 staff have been good to me
+VO9FU5y8szU-00073-00018513-00018965 [Music]
+VO9FU5y8szU-00074-00018966-00019139 Ludwick now that we're done our
+VO9FU5y8szU-00075-00019140-00019325 bodybuilding session what are you
+VO9FU5y8szU-00076-00019326-00019529 looking forward to about going back to
+VO9FU5y8szU-00077-00019530-00019721 work I'm looking forward to going on our
+VO9FU5y8szU-00078-00019722-00020332 breaks and eating yeah me too
+VO9FU5y8szU-00079-00020333-00021503 [Music]
+VO9FU5y8szU-00080-00021504-00021800 man
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00000-00002237-00002459 when you went as a production designer
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00001-00002460-00002753 as you are now when you get a script and
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00002-00002754-00002930 you read it for the first time what are
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00003-00002931-00003113 you seeing are you seeing the story or
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00004-00003114-00003340 you've seen the sets take me through the
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00005-00003342-00003392 kind of pressure
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00006-00003393-00003569 I always do I mean I read the script the
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00007-00003570-00003715 first time and just think about it for
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00008-00003717-00003920 like half an hour something then I
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00009-00003921-00004085 usually read the script to again and I
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00010-00004086-00004325 do a very simple page count breakdown
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00011-00004326-00004568 for each set that you get to because for
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00012-00004569-00005027 me divergent was equally selfless 50% of
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00013-00005028-00005254 the film was was was written as being
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00014-00005255-00005447 underwater in a big underground and big
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00015-00005448-00005761 cave is like see in it sometimes people
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00016-00005762-00005911 won't be aware of that and you need to
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00017-00005912-00006053 think I think of go through all those
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00018-00006054-00006245 things that work out that stuff and then
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00019-00006246-00006423 I woke up then I start thinking about
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00020-00006425-00006727 what those spaces mean to the audience
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00021-00006728-00007030 where they're important in the film
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00022-00007031-00007319 where they're really important for the
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00023-00007320-00007451 character so you start thinking about
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00024-00007452-00007712 you know if we start thinking about the
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00025-00007713-00007898 3d space that the character would occupy
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00026-00007898-00008063 that's described as the living room you
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00027-00008064-00008276 know described as the Victorian
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00028-00008277-00008420 everything but what is that and you
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00029-00008421-00008624 start thinking about I end up generally
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00030-00008625-00008819 thinking about the 3d space and what
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00031-00008820-00009046 that can be and what's important for
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00032-00009047-00009160 that character then you start thinking
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00033-00009161-00009317 about who that character is and what
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00034-00009318-00009824 their place is in the movie and you run
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00035-00009825-00009920 through a whole bunch of different
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00036-00009921-00010031 things and it takes a little time to
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00037-00010032-00010199 settle at the same time I'll probably
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00038-00010200-00010453 start doing some image research online
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00039-00010454-00010702 usually just to start if it's relevant
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00040-00010703-00010939 to start bring up stuff occasionally
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00041-00010940-00011095 employing concert losses which era me
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00042-00011096-00011338 that's like a step too far at that point
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00043-00011339-00011594 it's it's important for you to be able
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00044-00011595-00011692 to talk to director about what's
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00045-00011693-00011821 important for that character at that
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00046-00011822-00012005 moment it's also important to have an
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00047-00012006-00012149 appreciation of what you might have to
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00048-00012150-00012439 explain as a story before the audience I
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00049-00012440-00012571 mean the good Excel blood is if you've
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00050-00012572-00012916 got a factory or oh I mean I think in
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00051-00012917-00013091 diversion we had a underground quarry
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00052-00013091-00013238 where there were lots of rooms off the
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00053-00013238-00013436 quarry which I discuss the directors
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00054-00013437-00013577 bring it out of the quarry above where
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00055-00013578-00013790 into abandoned buildings but you're
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00056-00013791-00013919 walking down corridors in a lot of
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00057-00013919-00014099 places and it's important the audience
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00058-00014100-00014234 might need to know that at the end of
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00059-00014235-00014333 that corridor there's a room where
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00060-00014334-00014480 something bad has happened before
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00061-00014481-00014753 so you mentally as well as designed the
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00062-00014754-00014975 corridor to give you that feeling you
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00063-00014976-00015158 need to make it recognizable so that the
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00064-00015159-00015305 second time the audience is sitting down
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00065-00015306-00015350 there they
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00066-00015351-00015491 they have some sort of their
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00067-00015491-00015691 apprehension so you have to start
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00068-00015693-00015821 thinking about that kind of stuff as
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00069-00015822-00016036 well so there's low sadistic s-- most
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00070-00016037-00016202 the time I spend a lot of time thinking
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00071-00016203-00016786 about what that sex room environment
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00072-00016787-00017236 needs to be for whatever happens in the
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00073-00017237-00017402 story in there all the character who
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00074-00017403-00017603 inhabits it you know the baddies layer
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00075-00017604-00017950 or you know you know a child's school or
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00076-00017951-00018109 some well you know what that because it
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00077-00018110-00018392 will mean something to that character
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00078-00018393-00018622 and in the story and you you you really
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00079-00018623-00018755 should try this or try to get to the
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00080-00018756-00018914 heart of those things and they can be
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00081-00018915-00019100 quite abstract you know you know you can
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00082-00019101-00019264 decide that the main thing the whole
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00083-00019265-00019475 building as the feel is safe as long as
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00084-00019476-00019652 that's fine and you work a way that you
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00085-00019653-00019933 make sure that nothing you do from your
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00086-00019934-00020093 gut gets you out of that sort of feeling
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00087-00020094-00020318 those kind of things that's why it's
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00088-00020319-00020497 very different being designer to being
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00089-00020498-00020647 an art rich way you know but know that
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00090-00020648-00020836 you're just you know making sure a
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00091-00020837-00021083 product within those saury myths that
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00092-00021084-00021392 have been described DVDs and in your in
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00093-00021393-00021628 terms of your process do you sketch
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00094-00021629-00021821 yourself I mean do you like still
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00095-00021822-00022115 drawing I do 3d model so I do a lot more
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00096-00022116-00022364 3d modeling lately than I do sketch
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00097-00022365-00022622 because usually it's about very quickly
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00098-00022623-00022819 showing in a 3d environment because it's
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00099-00022820-00022967 much more real to what you finally feel
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00100-00022968-00023272 and see and it's also good because you
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00101-00023273-00023483 can generate 3d model and I like the
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00102-00023484-00023672 fact that when you show some of the
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00103-00023673-00023818 computer screen your 3d model you're
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00104-00023819-00024236 looking at it on a 2d plane so it's very
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00105-00024237-00024418 much like the view you'll get with the
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00106-00024419-00024634 camera rather than looking at a card
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00107-00024635-00024821 model and you can explain what the sets
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00108-00024822-00024997 gonna be but it's no good for work yeah
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00109-00024998-00025180 how camera shots are gonna really work
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00110-00025181-00025336 doesn't give you anything to provide the
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00111-00025337-00025730 information I'll sketch plans maybe just
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00112-00025731-00026006 talk about progression of spaces 3d
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00113-00026007-00026197 sketch you really only briefly because
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00114-00026198-00026450 so much of the interiors for me about
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00115-00026451-00026627 how they're going to be lit that I don't
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00116-00026627-00026801 think that brings enough to it in terms
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00117-00026802-00027077 of what you see and take out of it which
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00118-00027077-00027208 is another very important part you know
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00119-00027209-00027443 the next thing I'll do after talking to
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00120-00027444-00027589 the director about the space is
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00121-00027590-00027992 immediately involve a VFX supervisor but
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00122-00027993-00028202 most importantly depending on what's
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00123-00028202-00028337 being done the said but most importantly
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00124-00028338-00028523 a DP because if you're building a set
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00125-00028524-00028720 for instance I'm very keen on having
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00126-00028721-00028907 ceilings on rooms I'd like to see the
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00127-00028908-00029062 matter what the disappear off then
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00128-00029063-00029156 you've got to discuss how you're gonna
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00129-00029157-00029258 like that and how it's gonna work
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00130-00029258-00029474 because there's no point in presenting
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00131-00029475-00029590 something to a director of a tog refer
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00132-00029591-00029762 you can't light it because I you'll hear
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00133-00029763-00030179 about it and be they have to light it so
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00134-00030180-00030335 you need to have a very close
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00135-00030336-00030524 relationship about that space you're
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00136-00030525-00030812 creating to do things in it that sort of
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00137-00030813-00031010 respects and maintains all the ideas you
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00138-00031011-00031133 had to start off with about what that
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00139-00031133-00031274 place should be for the character in'
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00140-00031275-00031501 and lease on scene the security so much
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00141-00031502-00031742 of what you should do as a designer
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00142-00031743-00031985 should kind of just disappear should not
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00143-00031986-00032168 interact you know you know you need to
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00144-00032169-00032381 you're always playing with how much
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00145-00032382-00032564 you're showing the audience how much you
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00146-00032564-00032795 leave your audience into the thing you
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00147-00032796-00032975 know that I really don't like it when
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00148-00032976-00033194 you see a character pulls out the gun in
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00149-00033195-00033317 the movie and it's just the most amazing
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00150-00033318-00033508 thing you can see the concept artwork
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00151-00033509-00033674 that's got into it in all discussions in
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00152-00033675-00033875 the studio got into it and yet sometimes
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00153-00033876-00034079 that's good you know the guns in men in
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00154-00034080-00034211 black were amazing because they were
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00155-00034212-00034552 just so funny and great and whereas some
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00156-00034553-00034649 of the things when you see some Judge
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00157-00034650-00034696 Dredd
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00158-00034697-00034850 there's the Stallone Judge Dredd Brad
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00159-00034851-00034982 he's gonna fight off the car sick I know
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00160-00034983-00035117 it's been done in the concept in the
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00161-00035118-00035417 indie comic book of Steel it's like just
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00162-00035418-00035681 don't it's almost too much it's it's a
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00163-00035682-00035923 it's a fun game you're always fighting
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00164-00035924-00036127 making them disappear so it's all
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00165-00036128-00036265 seamless but there's some points where
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00166-00036266-00036451 you need to the characters room needs to
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00167-00036452-00036707 feel evil so you can't be too you can't
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00168-00036708-00036877 take it back foot too much because it
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00169-00036878-00037027 you just won't have that effect always
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00170-00037028-00037289 how you make it look evil do you make it
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00171-00037290-00037436 that's in something's in your face or do
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00172-00037437-00037583 you do just something that's as soon as
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00173-00037584-00037720 the thing as a result of a series of
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00174-00037721-00037901 shots it's that kind of world you
+VOCnmvOA5Rc-00175-00037902-00038138 working
+VT9nW2aiIUU-00000-00000128-00000311 hey everyone we're getting into our bad
+VT9nW2aiIUU-00001-00000312-00000543 kitty hold variation so to start i'm on
+VT9nW2aiIUU-00002-00000544-00000719 spin post so you can see all angles and
+VT9nW2aiIUU-00003-00000720-00000911 i'm taking it from a climb my legs are
+VT9nW2aiIUU-00004-00000911-00001119 in a climb hold my left hand is coming
+VT9nW2aiIUU-00005-00001120-00001327 to a cup grip on top so i can wrap
+VT9nW2aiIUU-00006-00001328-00001511 around the pole my torso is really
+VT9nW2aiIUU-00007-00001512-00001734 pushing against the pole that bottom
+VT9nW2aiIUU-00008-00001735-00001975 hand is in a nice hold and a push to
+VT9nW2aiIUU-00009-00001976-00002215 hold me so i can position my leg
+VT9nW2aiIUU-00010-00002216-00002471 i'm going to lift that outside leg up
+VT9nW2aiIUU-00011-00002472-00002655 that straight leg is pushing against the
+VT9nW2aiIUU-00012-00002656-00002975 pole that bent leg is now really pulling
+VT9nW2aiIUU-00013-00002976-00003206 tight against the pole and if you can
+VT9nW2aiIUU-00014-00003207-00003431 you want to release that arm only if it
+VT9nW2aiIUU-00015-00003432-00003551 works for you
+VT9nW2aiIUU-00016-00003552-00003735 and then come down when ready and enjoy
+VT9nW2aiIUU-00017-00003736-00004415 and of course do both sides
+VT9nW2aiIUU-00018-00004416-00004623 you
+VTPVxyHHKdg-00000-00000456-00000759 not all workplace hazards can be seen
+VTPVxyHHKdg-00001-00000760-00001015 dust gas fumes and vapors are often
+VTPVxyHHKdg-00002-00001016-00001095 invisible
+VTPVxyHHKdg-00003-00001096-00001303 but breathing them in can cause serious
+VTPVxyHHKdg-00004-00001304-00001462 lung diseases
+VTPVxyHHKdg-00005-00001463-00001687 follow these steps to identify if your
+VTPVxyHHKdg-00006-00001688-00001975 workers are breathing in hazardous air
+VTPVxyHHKdg-00007-00001976-00002326 one inspect and monitor your workplace
+VTPVxyHHKdg-00008-00002327-00002639 two talk with your workers three
+VTPVxyHHKdg-00009-00002640-00002839 talk with supply chains and networks
+VTPVxyHHKdg-00010-00002840-00002999 about the products you are using
+VTPVxyHHKdg-00011-00003000-00003311 and 4. review information from work
+VTPVxyHHKdg-00012-00003311-00003495 health and safety regulators
+VTPVxyHHKdg-00013-00003496-00003695 industry associations and safety
+VTPVxyHHKdg-00014-00003696-00003831 professionals
+VTPVxyHHKdg-00015-00003832-00004031 for more information on identifying
+VTPVxyHHKdg-00016-00004032-00004584 hazards visit our website
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00000-00000408-00000630 i look at the i look at the attachment
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00001-00000631-00000782 would also be good when you get a chance
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00002-00000783-00002926 no hurry
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00003-00002927-00003079 and i think somebody wants to get the
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00004-00003080-00003375 attachment if that's possible
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00005-00003376-00003575 yeah roger
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00006-00003576-00003751 okay yeah first time we've seen it on
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00007-00003752-00004022 this expedition but no need to collect
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00008-00004023-00004167 what is it
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00009-00004168-00004486 califace i believe that's what chris
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00010-00004487-00004735 said let's see if i can find that
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00011-00004736-00004935 okay
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00012-00004936-00005038 they're sleep
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00013-00005039-00005231 it's for fun
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00014-00005232-00005367 i think they wanted to see where they
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00015-00005368-00005535 brought it okay
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00016-00005536-00005647 right there so if we could get a little
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00017-00005648-00005863 tilt
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00018-00005864-00006063 there also seems to be some smaller
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00019-00006064-00006263 white organisms in there living on the
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00020-00006264-00006422 stock do you see it
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00021-00006423-00006687 yeah the little puffball thing yeah yeah
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00022-00006688-00006863 on the right hand side of the stalk
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00023-00006864-00007006 close to the
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00024-00007008-00007423 inside and the interior
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00025-00007423-00007606 it looks like a spider on yeah a little
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00026-00007608-00007959 spider yeah now he's moving
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00027-00007959-00008223 oh we're grossing out the pilot here
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00028-00008224-00008359 he's coming for you
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00029-00008360-00008983 he's coming for you
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00030-00008984-00009446 yep
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00031-00009447-00009671 and zoom out just a bit steve i think
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00032-00009672-00010023 they want the branch or the stock
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00033-00010024-00010223 our viewers are on fire today someone's
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00034-00010224-00010471 calling this the earbuds sponge i like
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00035-00010472-00010887 that
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00036-00010888-00011119 okay
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00037-00011120-00011638 but all the way in there is it closing
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00038-00011639-00011806 well that's nice we got a good look at
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00039-00011807-00011959 it we've never seen this on this
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00040-00011960-00012206 expedition but apparently it has been
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00041-00012207-00012574 catalogued before yep
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00042-00012575-00012695 let's uh
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00043-00012696-00012951 let's look at the rest of the ridge here
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00044-00012952-00013151 a lot of sponges out here
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00045-00013152-00013319 all right there you go
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00046-00013319-00013527 care about the base area good i think
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00047-00013528-00013711 we're good i think we're okay
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00048-00013712-00013966 can we move one zero zero meters bearing
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00049-00013968-00014094 one three five
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00050-00014095-00014327 hold on okay let me get uh
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00051-00014328-00014471 sorted out here
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00052-00014472-00014743 draw me a stop to me yeah
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00053-00014744-00014879 now
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00054-00014880-00015079 i don't know quite out of my bearings
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00055-00015080-00015238 yet sorry
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00056-00015240-00015455 can you hold that move for
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00057-00015456-00017167 uh just a brief second
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00058-00017168-00017415 i get our argus hurt ducks in a row here
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00059-00017416-00017607 and then we can
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00060-00017608-00018103 roger
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00061-00018104-00018294 thank you
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00062-00018295-00018494 it's one of these guys but just
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00063-00018495-00018822 two-headed
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00064-00018823-00019047 well never have i ever yeah never have i
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00065-00019048-00019447 ever
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00066-00019448-00019686 pretty awesome yeah thanks so much
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00067-00019687-00019839 viewers for tuning in
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00068-00019840-00020050 whether you're on
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00069-00020051-00020279 nautiluslive.org or on one of our other
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00070-00020280-00020471 platforms
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00071-00020472-00020711 we do appreciate your questions and we
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00072-00020712-00020983 also um appreciate all the teachers and
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00073-00020984-00021214 students that are checking in with us uh
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00074-00021215-00021439 welcome just a bit gummy excited to have
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00075-00021440-00021591 you here
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00076-00021592-00021735 let us know
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00077-00021736-00021871 what
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00078-00021872-00022039 what questions you have for our team as
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00079-00022040-00023030 we continue on this watch
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00080-00023031-00023230 yeah there you go
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00081-00023231-00023711 oh yeah that's three headed
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00082-00023712-00024022 let's try 20 meters to the east to the
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00083-00024023-00024639 east best place bridge now
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00084-00024640-00024919 can we move to zero meters bearing zero
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00085-00024920-00026214 nine zero
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00086-00026216-00026399 i should put argus behind us so then we
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00087-00026400-00026758 can
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00089-00031063-00031374 is that a coral behind us or a sponge
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00090-00031375-00032014 that tall is that a looks like a coral
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00091-00032016-00032223 i can't tell if it's the trident it
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00092-00032224-00032470 looks like it's the trident coral
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00093-00032472-00032631 which is interesting because when we had
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00094-00032632-00032902 a lot of sponges is when we noticed the
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00095-00032903-00033359 for for the first time the trident coral
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00096-00033360-00033639 we need a quick zoom on the uh
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00097-00033640-00033974 for the top of that coral there
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00098-00033975-00034174 yeah
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00099-00034175-00034327 go ahead and see if we can push in a
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00100-00034328-00034862 little bit there that's good
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00101-00034863-00035071 looks like a bamboo but it's different
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00102-00035072-00035255 than the other ones that we saw that
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00103-00035256-00035327 were
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00104-00035328-00035543 branching had that central branch that's
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00105-00035544-00035718 why we're calling it a trident that node
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00106-00035719-00035911 there at the top
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00107-00035912-00036439 where it divides into three
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00108-00036440-00036807 and beautiful healthy polyps
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00109-00036808-00038887 that's a nice one yeah thanks for that
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00110-00038888-00039071 as soon as he uh
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00111-00039072-00039262 lays down you're about done then you can
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00112-00039263-00039590 start moving on here
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00113-00039591-00040311 copy bridge nav
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00114-00040312-00040630 can we move one zero zero meters bearing
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00115-00040631-00041030 one three five
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00117-00045296-00045439 got a question from our viewer does
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00118-00045440-00045695 anything eat these sponges or are they
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00119-00045696-00046039 just not very tasty
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00120-00046040-00046455 i almost ate one last night
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00121-00046456-00046623 one of our
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00122-00046624-00046807 that was a sponge cake dan yeah that's
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00123-00046808-00046982 different that's a different thing
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00124-00046983-00047013 [Music]
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00125-00047014-00047246 [Laughter]
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00126-00047247-00047486 one of our
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00127-00047487-00047711 pilots likes to collect dead things and
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00128-00047712-00048071 leave them on the rov workbench
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00129-00048072-00048199 that they find
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00130-00048200-00048351 bits and pieces
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00131-00048352-00048767 left over from the scientists and
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00132-00048768-00048879 i um
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00133-00048880-00049046 picked up a rag and wiped my hands and
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00134-00049047-00049343 then wiped my mouth and
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00135-00049344-00049655 not to feel and taste sponge spicy also
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00136-00049656-00049895 and hydraulic oil at the same time would
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00137-00049896-00050223 you recommend it
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00138-00050224-00050895 not tasty the verdict is not tasty
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00139-00050896-00051095 wow that is
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00140-00051096-00051887 so lovely
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00141-00051888-00052135 it's a yellow yellow crinoid on top of a
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00142-00052136-00052423 sponge they glow crinoid yeah it's like
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00143-00052424-00052623 it's placed on its head like a little
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00144-00052624-00053159 flower on top
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00145-00053160-00053282 whip
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00146-00053283-00053663 corals yep last time when we were in the
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00147-00053664-00053799 candy land
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00148-00053800-00053975 we would see these whipped corals with
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00149-00053976-00054175 all the sponges as well when you get
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00150-00054176-00054359 high densities
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00151-00054360-00054511 of the sponges you seem to get high
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00152-00054512-00057438 density
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00153-00057439-00057630 so we have a viewer noticing something
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00154-00057632-00057823 that looks like sticks or bones among
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00155-00057824-00057959 the rocks
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00156-00057960-00058103 um
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00157-00058104-00058335 we think that those are dead sponges
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00158-00058336-00058487 um they're
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00159-00058488-00058750 we call them their skeletons
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00160-00058751-00059015 you can see one there on the right yep
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00161-00059016-00059399 why not slow him down to 0.3
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00162-00059400-00059950 bridge now
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00163-00059951-00061263 can we slow down to 0.3 knots
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00164-00061264-00061542 oh this is a very cool feature
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00165-00061544-00063823 yeah
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00166-00063824-00064023 so since there is no plant life at this
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00167-00064024-00064150 depth because there's no light for
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00168-00064151-00064423 photosynthesis a viewer wants to know
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00169-00064424-00064575 does that mean that all life forms that
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00170-00064576-00064830 we're seeing here are carnivorous
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00171-00064832-00065023 is it possible that sponges are
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00172-00065024-00065182 carnivorous i think we're blowing some
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00173-00065183-00065567 mines out there in listener land
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00174-00065568-00065967 would you call these sponges
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00175-00065968-00066119 i carnivorous we would call them filter
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00176-00066120-00066311 feeders they're filter feeding but
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00177-00066312-00066511 they're heterotrophs what they're filter
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00178-00066512-00066679 feeding on is
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00179-00066680-00066943 a mix of
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00180-00066944-00067094 uh
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00181-00067095-00067423 you know the marine snow is a mix of
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00182-00067424-00067767 dead animals and their waste products
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00183-00067768-00068094 so not strictly carnivorous
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00184-00068095-00068375 would you call them more omnivorous
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00185-00068376-00068550 or that's probably more appropriate if
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00186-00068551-00068815 they're eating little bits of poo and
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00187-00068816-00069031 i'd say that's omnivorous that's a hard
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00188-00069032-00069391 way to make a living
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00189-00069392-00069550 is that there are i've heard the
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00190-00069551-00069806 scientists mention a carnivorous sponge
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00191-00069807-00069926 yeah
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00192-00069927-00070103 i was uh just just reading a little bit
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00193-00070104-00070647 about that
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00194-00070648-00071319 whoa look at that guy
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00195-00071320-00071511 getting several species here see that
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00196-00071512-00071726 sponges on a ridge yeah
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00197-00071727-00071943 in the argus view yep
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00198-00071944-00072150 it's a great shot from argus okay i take
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00199-00072151-00072647 it back it is a ridge
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00200-00072648-00072782 and here's another one of those very
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00201-00072783-00072975 large ear sponges and the largest ones
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00202-00072976-00073255 we saw tended to be jutting out
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00203-00073256-00073471 yeah that's true a cliff and not up from
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00204-00073472-00075343 the bottom yep
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00205-00075344-00075559 there's a black coral down there too oh
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00206-00075560-00075735 yeah i see yeah we were looking for some
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00207-00075736-00075919 some possible zooms on black coral a
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00208-00075920-00076191 while ago i'll check the chat to see
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00209-00076192-00076343 yeah
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00210-00076344-00076550 i don't think we're possible
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00211-00076551-00076735 but this is not oh so the black corals
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00212-00076736-00077047 behind the precious coral yep
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00213-00077048-00077247 that's what you can push in a bit there
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00214-00077248-00077399 if you want steve and then there's
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00215-00077400-00077655 another squat lobster on top of uh i
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00216-00077656-00077831 think it's zoanthid
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00217-00077832-00078006 all right this is at the bottom of the
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00218-00078007-00078126 ear right
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00219-00078127-00078287 there he is
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00220-00078288-00078487 yellow
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00221-00078488-00079191 here he comes there he goes
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00222-00079192-00080694 all right thank you yep
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00223-00080695-00081303 look down with your camera
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00224-00081304-00081494 is that a vase sponge up there that big
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00225-00081495-00081606 one
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00226-00081607-00081847 or no a giant macaroni sponge oh there's
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00227-00081848-00082079 another venus
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00228-00082080-00082294 oh yeah bring him stop per minute there
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00229-00082295-00082871 kate i'm not sure where i am
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00230-00082872-00083391 i'll stop
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00231-00083392-00083543 what do am i
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00232-00083544-00083743 about right here hold on i'm waiting for
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00233-00083744-00083887 the next ping though
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00234-00083888-00084615 argus is jumping around all right
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00235-00084616-00084775 i wonder if there's a way to that we
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00236-00084776-00085006 could plot a line through this ridge
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00237-00085007-00085471 and say that it is um
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00238-00085472-00085671 the strike of this ridge
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00239-00085672-00086206 is um high density sponges
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00240-00086207-00086311 i don't know if there's something like
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00241-00086312-00086606 that we can put on the map
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00242-00086607-00086782 a series of targets would kind of
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00243-00086783-00088167 illustrate that okay good
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00244-00088168-00088326 so if you want to learn more about that
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00245-00088327-00088550 carnivorous sponge it's called the harp
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00246-00088551-00088782 sponge you can look that up there
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00247-00088783-00089062 articles from mbari and others online
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00248-00089063-00089311 and it uh digests
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00249-00089312-00090199 little critters that land on its arms
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00250-00090200-00090479 the stuff of nightmares
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00251-00090480-00090615 thanks so much for your questions
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00252-00090616-00090879 friends keep them coming we have another
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00253-00090880-00091255 about 15 minutes on this watch and then
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00254-00091256-00091438 we will be handing over to our friends
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00255-00091439-00091591 on the four to eight watch who will take
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00256-00091592-00091815 you through another uh four hours of
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00257-00091816-00091999 exploration
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00258-00092000-00092199 yeah i'm gonna come up a little faster
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00259-00092200-00092287 there
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00260-00092288-00092479 so get out i'll get on the other side of
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00261-00092480-00093262 you
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00262-00093263-00093431 we appreciate you joining us and we do
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00263-00093432-00093591 appreciate your questions thanks for
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00264-00093592-00093750 thanks for tuning in
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00265-00093751-00093887 keep those questions coming if we don't
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00266-00093888-00094094 get to them on this watch we will
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00267-00094095-00094287 hand them off to our friends joining us
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00268-00094288-00094391 here
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00269-00094392-00096511 in the next little bit
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00270-00096512-00096823 what is that directly in front of us but
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00271-00096824-00097038 what is that
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00272-00097039-00097287 um it looks like
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00273-00097288-00097582 what is this a sponge skeleton maybe
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00274-00097583-00097759 or a very dark
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00275-00097760-00097967 colored
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00276-00097968-00099503 or is it a zoom 30
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00277-00099504-00099767 bearing one eight zero
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00278-00099768-00100031 it resembles the wall of samantha
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00279-00100032-00100294 it could be a black coral
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00280-00100295-00100479 pink
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00281-00100480-00100855 lobster
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00282-00100856-00101464 wow
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00283-00101465-00101679 [Music]
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00284-00101680-00102079 that's an old timer maybe what i'm on
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00285-00102080-00102191 gorgeous
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00286-00102192-00102934 yeah
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00287-00102935-00103302 i'm gonna be careful around that guy
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00288-00103303-00103551 he has at least three squat lobsters
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00289-00103552-00103702 occupying
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00290-00103703-00103958 what i wonder why they're all pink
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00291-00103959-00104454 are lasers on
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00292-00104455-00104799 uh yeah just to get a size estimate
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00293-00104800-00105083 on this
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00294-00105083-00105334 uh i'm gonna swing around here where i
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00295-00105335-00105551 can find a perch yeah just wanted to get
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00296-00105552-00105727 a shot with the lasers on so that we can
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00297-00105728-00105910 do some uh size estimates those lasers
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00298-00105911-00106102 are 10 centimeters apart
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00299-00106103-00106527 if you're not already
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00300-00106528-00106702 come down a little oh you're kind of low
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00301-00106703-00107078 never mind
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00302-00107079-00107366 telepathies come down
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00303-00107367-00107558 come down a little bit give me some
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00304-00107559-00108631 leash there because i'm spinning around
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00305-00108632-00108831 you can see at the base there where it's
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00306-00108832-00108983 attached to the rockets
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00307-00108983-00109110 it's black that's why it's called a
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00308-00109111-00109310 black coral because the skeleton the
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00309-00109311-00109702 inside structure is black
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00310-00109703-00110031 the flesh of the polyps is this
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00311-00110032-00110831 yes please thank you
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00312-00110832-00111031 how do we feel about sampling a branch
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00313-00111032-00111543 with a pink squat lobster on it
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00314-00111544-00111783 i feel good about it
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00315-00111783-00112231 all right good spot
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00316-00112232-00112431 so we want we want the branch and the
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00317-00112432-00112751 lobster yeah uh let's see here
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00318-00112752-00113678 i need some pruning there
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00319-00113679-00113895 let's see
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00320-00113896-00114247 uh depending on the size
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00321-00114248-00114502 uh we got a and b open for starboard for
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00322-00114503-00114766 the smaller ones we got e and f also
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00323-00114767-00115183 open and we got the forward biobox
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00324-00115183-00115390 you want to get a close-up there before
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00325-00115391-00115575 we do yeah snip
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00326-00115576-00115695 yep
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00327-00115696-00115878 thinking maybe that lower branch that
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00328-00115879-00116263 has the lobster on it
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00329-00116264-00116447 i'm not sure if he was using that just
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00330-00116448-00116663 to yeah they want both
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00331-00116664-00117254 spiky the branch
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00332-00117255-00117543 gosh that lobster is
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00333-00117544-00117799 really cool
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00334-00117800-00118263 not a common black coral
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00335-00118264-00118407 it looks like it's got polyps on the
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00336-00118408-00118727 stock as well
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00337-00118728-00118934 oh good spot
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00338-00118935-00119102 on the main stock
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00339-00119103-00119399 oh and
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00340-00119400-00119551 maybe on the branches oh yeah on the
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00341-00119552-00119702 branches they all look closed right now
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00342-00119703-00120166 don't they
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00343-00120167-00121039 what a color combo there it's gorgeous
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00344-00121040-00121207 can we get lasers on real quick to see
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00345-00121208-00121639 the size
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00346-00121640-00121847 they're at the top of the frame ah thank
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00347-00121848-00121934 you
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00348-00121935-00122158 oh yeah
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00349-00122159-00122414 um
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00350-00122415-00122583 okay
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00351-00122583-00122863 okay
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00352-00122864-00123078 yeah yes
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00353-00123079-00123302 so yeah there is interest in the lobster
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00354-00123303-00123527 from another scientist as well as the
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00355-00123528-00123678 coral so
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00356-00123679-00123878 hopefully stay on
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00357-00123879-00126078 for the ride
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00358-00126079-00126263 so what's easiest for you dan the lower
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00359-00126264-00126431 branch or the upper one
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00360-00126432-00126614 uh this one's going to be all gabby but
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00361-00126615-00126831 the lower one for sure
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00362-00126832-00127175 sticking out at a nice angle there
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00363-00127176-00128151 let's go for the forward file box a2
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00364-00128152-00128358 so chris says the lobster will likely
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00365-00128359-00128551 jump off try to drop off right before
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00366-00128552-00128702 putting into the box so you need to be
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00367-00128703-00128927 sneaky pretending nothing is going on
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00368-00128928-00129183 yes
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00369-00129183-00129527 very very quiet oh no nothing to see
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00370-00129528-00129710 here
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00371-00129711-00129934 i was just sort of carrying my branch
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00372-00129935-00130190 around
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00373-00130191-00130390 oh that's so great set your grip force
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00374-00130391-00130663 to three
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00375-00130664-00130966 three beans
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00376-00130967-00131166 what sample number is this
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00377-00131167-00131390 this is gonna be one three three
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00378-00131391-00132695 thank you you're welcome
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00379-00132696-00133199 and um
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00380-00133200-00133366 might want to
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00381-00133367-00133575 kick your uh you know to the left a
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00382-00133576-00133719 little so you can see
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00383-00133720-00133959 jaws a little more there you go
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00384-00133960-00134127 and just doing a little uh coral
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00385-00134128-00134335 maintenance here is that lobster small
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00386-00134336-00134543 enough to go in the slurp yeah can we
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00387-00134544-00134878 slurp the lobster first yeah yes
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00388-00134879-00135023 that would be uh
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00389-00135024-00135247 it might be a higher uh
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00390-00135248-00135407 higher probability
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00391-00135408-00135695 collection
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00392-00135696-00136399 well we could try this first
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00393-00136400-00136590 unless he tells the buddies so here's
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00394-00136591-00138478 where the here's where the fates come in
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00395-00138479-00138743 oh hang on there buddy it's fine
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00396-00138744-00138911 rotate to make sure you got it oh you
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00397-00138912-00139183 got it nothing to see here
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00398-00139184-00139566 yeah just come for a little ride
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00399-00139567-00141431 oops sorry wrong button
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00400-00141432-00141695 i find myself leaning to try to make it
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00401-00141696-00142863 get in there
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00402-00142864-00143919 left
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00403-00143920-00144551 oh
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00404-00144552-00146639 i got it
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00405-00146640-00147014 there we go little guy
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00406-00147015-00147623 oops
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00407-00147624-00148183 yeah if you open there it should drop in
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00408-00148184-00148607 get down
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00409-00148608-00148790 you'll have to close a little to get out
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00410-00148791-00149439 of the box
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00411-00149440-00149647 and bring uh swing your asthma to the
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00412-00149648-00150071 right
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00413-00150072-00151526 close your jaws a little here
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00414-00151527-00151735 grab again
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00415-00151736-00151951 grab grab grab
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00416-00151952-00152190 close your jaws there you go i'll push
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00417-00152191-00152535 it back down
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00418-00152536-00153119 still on
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00420-00156352-00156543 i'll bring it to you get ready to grab
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00421-00156544-00158166 it
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00422-00158167-00158343 could the other arm possibly be useful
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00423-00158344-00158943 here oh all right mango
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00424-00158944-00159143 here on the back of the box gammy need
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00425-00159144-00159439 to be on the forward part of the box
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00426-00159440-00159607 so that make the manipulator hit the
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00427-00159608-00159878 front of the box
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00428-00159879-00160935 is it
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00429-00160936-00161095 how about a
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00430-00161096-00161519 really slow wristband
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00431-00161520-00161766 if you well looks the see the bottom of
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00432-00161767-00161983 the jaws they're like halfway in so if
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00433-00161984-00163239 you kick the yaw to the right
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00434-00163240-00164559 there you go now maybe a slow wrist spin
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00435-00164560-00164743 i could try and get the other arm out
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00436-00164744-00164926 it's
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00437-00164927-00165831 probably
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00438-00165832-00166126 all right well let's try it
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00439-00166127-00166231 i'm gonna
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00440-00166232-00166535 get the left arm out and
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00441-00166536-00167911 pin it
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00442-00167912-00170526 hmm
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00443-00170527-00171575 yes
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00444-00171576-00172054 uh as i suspected the other arm is
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00445-00172055-00173207 not helpful
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00446-00173208-00173399 see if we can get
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00447-00173400-00174031 this guy in there
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00448-00174032-00174151 oh
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00449-00174152-00174438 mango
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00450-00174439-00176319 says mango
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00451-00176320-00176831 okay let's
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00452-00176832-00177063 are the thrusters creating that current
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00453-00177064-00177287 or is it just yes they are
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00454-00177288-00177431 can we turn those off
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00455-00177432-00177631 see if i can uh hold on before you let
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00456-00177632-00179854 go
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00457-00179855-00180214 yeah ready ready
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00458-00180215-00180431 maybe get it oh i don't know if it's
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00459-00180432-00181478 holding it
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00460-00181479-00181719 maybe you let go and grab it here and on
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00461-00181720-00181926 the other side of uh
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00462-00181927-00182278 magnum
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00463-00182279-00182471 grab the one right closest to the camera
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00464-00182472-00182702 there
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00465-00182703-00182854 or just do the
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00466-00182855-00183814 push it in
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00467-00183815-00184007 just keep your jaws closed and push the
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00468-00184008-00184223 branch down in maybe yeah
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00469-00184224-00187183 okay i'll be quiet
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00470-00187184-00188302 come on
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00471-00188303-00188495 okay you want me to get that
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00472-00188496-00190166 monster out of there now
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00473-00190167-00191999 i'd say a re-poke
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00474-00192000-00192254 oh and get off it and just brush it down
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00475-00192255-00193526 in and out
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00476-00193527-00193671 you're gonna have to regret where you're
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00477-00193672-00194238 gonna lose it
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00478-00194239-00194447 i'll bring it back to you
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00479-00194448-00194711 are the starboard big boxes bigger than
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00480-00194712-00195166 these forward ones get ready to grab
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00481-00195167-00196726 hold on buddy
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00482-00196727-00196854 so for our listeners we're trying to
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00483-00196855-00197031 complete this very difficult collection
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00484-00197032-00197231 here this black coral
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00485-00197232-00197463 we are at watch change but trying to
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00486-00197464-00197766 complete this before we hand over
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00487-00197767-00197887 that's why you're not hearing much
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00488-00197888-00198759 talking here
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00489-00198760-00198966 i'm floating now so i got one more
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00490-00198967-00199350 chance to put that thing in the box
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00491-00199351-00199878 put it in the box
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00492-00199879-00200135 see if you can quickly get off of it and
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00493-00200136-00200295 stab it down in there before it floats
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00494-00200296-00201607 away
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00495-00201608-00201878 you have to re-grab it got me
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00496-00201879-00202702 grab it in the middle
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00497-00202703-00204614 that's the grab
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00498-00204615-00205486 all right
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00499-00205487-00205934 that lobster is so excited right now
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00500-00205935-00206070 freedom
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00501-00206071-00206534 [Music]
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00502-00206535-00207366 hold on hold up
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00503-00207367-00209046 open your jaws
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00504-00209048-00209279 good catch okay hold what you got there
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00505-00209280-00209975 for a second
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00506-00209976-00210127 a viewer is reminding everyone in the
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00507-00210128-00210567 van to breathe we all need to breathe
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00508-00210567-00211239 thanks viewer
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00509-00211240-00211423 i had to chase that one almost far as we
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00510-00211423-00211582 had to chase the last item we were
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00511-00211583-00212327 chasing
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00512-00212328-00212487 that lobster is
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00513-00212488-00213127 that was that lobster is not letting go
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00514-00213128-00213327 and this hold what you got i gotta
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00515-00213328-00213519 i gotta come back down to the c bit well
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00516-00213519-00213694 now we have it where we want it it'll go
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00517-00213696-00214455 right into the box
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00518-00214456-00214687 um move it move it over the box now
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00519-00214688-00214887 while we're coming back down just make
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00520-00214888-00215280 sure you don't open your jaw so
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00521-00215281-00215439 [Laughter]
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00522-00215440-00215606 that way if the lobster jumps off at
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00523-00215607-00216694 least we'll have a chance sir
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00524-00216696-00216831 i think you've got it where you want it
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00525-00216832-00216998 now gabby
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00526-00217000-00217198 let me come down and the
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00527-00217200-00217703 perch here somewhere
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00528-00217704-00217871 yeah but i want to be able to come down
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00529-00217871-00218063 and
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00530-00218064-00218615 float up again as you
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00531-00218616-00218815 okay and i'll close the box a little see
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00532-00218816-00218942 what happens
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00533-00218944-00219631 ready
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00534-00219632-00219863 it's it didn't stuff it under the lid
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00535-00219864-00220079 like she's doing right now that'll do it
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00536-00220080-00220239 when you get your snaggle teeth out of
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00537-00220240-00220734 there they align properly
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00538-00220735-00221103 okay floating up again
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00539-00221104-00221487 go close
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00540-00221488-00221639 yes
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00541-00221640-00221809 nice job you guys you got it
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00542-00221810-00222098 [Laughter]
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00543-00222098-00222342 [Applause]
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00544-00222344-00222575 what an epic epic battle
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00545-00222576-00222998 human against squat
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00546-00223000-00223263 oh my goodness
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00547-00223264-00223551 oh my gosh oh well i have no idea where
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00548-00223552-00223767 the vehicle is
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00549-00223767-00224031 it was here and we were headed
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00550-00224032-00224255 we were headed that way you're good all
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00551-00224256-00224423 right great job
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00552-00224423-00224567 all right friends out there in viewer
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00553-00224567-00224791 land this is your 12 to four shift which
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00554-00224792-00224982 was certainly an eventful one we are
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00555-00224983-00225151 signing off at handing over to the four
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00556-00225152-00225263 to eight
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00557-00225264-00225503 thank you so much for joining us and uh
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00558-00225504-00225646 they'll just be a brief pause here while
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00559-00225648-00225871 we swap out the remaining chairs and
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00560-00225871-00226046 wherever you are good afternoon good
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00561-00226048-00226255 evening or good night and you're 12-4
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00562-00226256-00226406 we'll see you next time but for right
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00563-00226407-00226582 now we're going to continue exploration
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00564-00226583-00227206 with your 4 to 8.
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00565-00227207-00227551 well team sponge is in the house now
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00566-00227552-00227734 buoy hua kai
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00568-00230959-00231287 so was it uh was this this one chris
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00569-00231288-00231631 excuse me cairo style in a european
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00570-00231632-00231951 europe europe texas yes europe tycoon
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00571-00231952-00232182 europe new species that's what the n
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00572-00232183-00232479 period means hello so there was only one
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00573-00232480-00232734 others of those collected before yeah
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00574-00232735-00232958 and it was a bear collecting that one
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00575-00232959-00233191 because we tried multiple times on
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00576-00233192-00233446 various dives and they always jumped off
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00577-00233448-00233775 the coral before we got it in the box
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00578-00233776-00234079 and so there are a couple reasons why
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00579-00234080-00234167 um
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00580-00234167-00234239 i
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00581-00234240-00234479 basically called up from my room and
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00582-00234480-00234639 asked them to try for this and number
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00583-00234640-00234879 one is that the actual coral was larger
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00584-00234880-00235046 and so we might be able to fool them but
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00585-00235048-00235303 also the black coral
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00586-00235304-00235623 is sort of a very unusual black coral
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00587-00235623-00235846 it's a member of the telepathies group
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00588-00235848-00235958 genus
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00589-00235959-00236127 there's one shallower one that i
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00590-00236128-00236415 collected around 350 meters years ago
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00591-00236416-00236631 and then i've only ever seen one deep
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00592-00236632-00236846 one that i also took a piece of in the
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00593-00236848-00237006 main huan islands if i remember
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00594-00237007-00237142 correctly
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00595-00237144-00237431 um also at a shallower depth than this
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00596-00237432-00237798 one yeah so um this and i don't all i
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00597-00237800-00238055 know is that it was it was used to help
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00598-00238056-00238239 describe the genus but i don't think the
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00599-00238240-00238551 species has the name at all yet and so
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00600-00238552-00238767 this is a good black coral to collect
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00601-00238767-00238934 and then we also needed one of these
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00602-00238935-00239127 other specimens of the squat lobster i
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00603-00239128-00239351 think that we had a special request from
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00604-00239352-00239639 one of the arthropod experts for one of
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00605-00239640-00239798 these as well
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00606-00239800-00239887 yeah
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00607-00239888-00240119 so um that was a good collection it was
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00608-00240119-00240798 worth the battle
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00609-00240800-00240958 we've seen a lot of these little pink
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00610-00240959-00241239 squat lobsters on on this cruise but
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00611-00241240-00241382 they're all on corals that have been
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00612-00241383-00241558 well sampled before so i was a little
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00613-00241559-00241703 reluctant because the only way you're
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00614-00241704-00241887 ever going to get them he will not they
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00615-00241888-00242071 won't they'll freeze themselves and will
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00616-00242071-00242303 not suck into the suction tube you try
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00617-00242304-00242503 that the only way to get them is to fool
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00618-00242504-00242742 them by clipping the leaf or the bra the
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00619-00242744-00242871 coral is the only he doesn't want to
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00620-00242871-00243175 leave it and then take both of them wow
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00621-00243176-00243534 yeah that was pretty quite miraculous
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00622-00243535-00244055 yeah miraculous harvest right
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00623-00244056-00244263 sacrificed excuse me
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00624-00244264-00244342 yeah
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00625-00244344-00244758 yeah
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00626-00244759-00244975 all right everybody well
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00627-00244976-00245094 um
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00628-00245096-00245263 we have our
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00629-00245264-00245663 our back row science guys here for hui
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00630-00245664-00245887 team sponge
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00631-00245888-00246119 in the house
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00632-00246119-00246279 we're all feeling a little
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00633-00246280-00246446 adrenaline uh
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00634-00246448-00248103 post adrenaline rush
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00635-00248104-00248294 so pilots can you let me know when
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00636-00248296-00248606 you're ready to strategize yeah standby
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00637-00248607-00248798 sure
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00638-00248800-00249023 do you want to do our protocol first
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00639-00249023-00249351 sure
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00640-00249352-00249734 so good afternoon uh to everybody in the
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00641-00249735-00250079 control van and uh our viewers following
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00642-00250080-00250623 us on nautiluslive.org
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00643-00250623-00250903 this is your watch four to eight
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00644-00250904-00251255 where are we in standard time
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00645-00251256-00251375 okay
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00646-00251376-00251471 looks like
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00647-00251471-00251703 there okay so i'm gonna uh that means i
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00648-00251704-00251879 wanna go this way
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00649-00251880-00252094 these just get set up in a safe
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00650-00252096-00252319 situation then we can do our protocol
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00651-00252319-00252391 and
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00652-00252392-00253198 go on with our day
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00653-00253200-00253382 all right you can follow me to port as i
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00654-00253383-00253694 come around here
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00655-00253696-00253846 then as we sit for the protocol we can
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00656-00253848-00254094 do a reset
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00657-00254096-00254279 or i guess after the
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00658-00254280-00255030 drive set
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00660-00260144-00260294 okay i'm gonna hold here and then once
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00661-00260296-00260455 we're done the thing we can see where
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00662-00260456-00260694 the cloud is sound good
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00663-00260696-00260910 okay
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00664-00260911-00261023 uh
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00665-00261023-00261303 this is not right
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00666-00261304-00261534 i'm gonna clear my trails a little yeah
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00667-00261535-00261639 roger
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00668-00261640-00262119 sign up while we're doing protocol
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00669-00262119-00262519 okay
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00670-00262520-00262775 big breath okay rov is ready finally
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00671-00262776-00263127 okay great so to our viewers
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00672-00263128-00263334 out there at this time we will be going
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00673-00263335-00263519 radio silent to conduct a private
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00674-00263520-00263775 ceremonial protocol to acknowledge
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00675-00263776-00264006 and honor the biocultural resources that
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00676-00264007-00264134 are present
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00677-00264135-00264358 and that we are interacting with and
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00678-00264359-00264487 impacting
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00679-00264488-00265358 we will be back shortly on spl thank you
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00680-00265359-00268358 you guys ready to go off yeah
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00681-00268359-00268615 okay
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00682-00268616-00268927 so um aaron would be possible to zoom
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00683-00268928-00269095 out just a little bit in high pack when
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00684-00269096-00270495 you go sure one sec sure
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00685-00270496-00270727 trevor do you want to go out of autos or
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00686-00270728-00270847 is it
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00687-00270848-00270958 you're okay
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00688-00270959-00271415 okay
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00689-00271416-00271615 i'm just resetting dvl chris and then we
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00690-00271616-00271751 could chat
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00691-00271752-00272030 great thank you
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00692-00272031-00272543 how about there
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00693-00272544-00272647 okay
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00694-00272648-00272791 we're ready
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00695-00272792-00273030 okay so we've got about two hours is
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00696-00273031-00273199 that correct because i think we're
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00697-00273200-00273415 supposed to be on the surface at eight
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00698-00273416-00273663 o'clock yep that's uh correct
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00699-00273664-00273975 okay um do you think we'd be able to
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00700-00273976-00274199 make a sort of a fast push toward the
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00701-00274200-00274319 summit
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00702-00274320-00274551 um let's see um
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00703-00274552-00274695 the real proper summit that's all the
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00704-00274696-00274951 way down here yeah
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00705-00274952-00275319 it's oh where is it wow it's there
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00706-00275320-00275606 oh that is a ways how about um at least
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00707-00275607-00275806 up under that red area the really steep
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00708-00275807-00275943 part of the ridge that we're on right
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00709-00275944-00276134 now yeah a little bit further up right
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00710-00276135-00276271 there yeah
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00711-00276272-00276503 um well that is
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00712-00276504-00277127 that's 500 meters the end itself is
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00713-00277128-00277282 a little over a
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00714-00277283-00277455 kilometer what do you think what can we
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00715-00277456-00277655 do in two hours
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00716-00277656-00277895 well um i was thinking we could sip over
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00717-00277896-00278047 this kind of flat terrace that we're
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00718-00278048-00278175 about to come on because those are
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00719-00278176-00278430 typically yeah i think we can haul as
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00720-00278431-00278703 fast as as we can and as fast as you
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00721-00278704-00278855 want and see where we get to
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00722-00278856-00279119 okay sounds good so you want to
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00723-00279120-00279399 you want to zoom up this and then maybe
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00724-00279400-00279591 yeah maybe slow up on that steep part
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00725-00279592-00279830 once we get to it okay
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00726-00279831-00280247 great thank you
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00727-00280248-00280382 all right i'll have you come right up
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00728-00280383-00281158 the slope yeah okay
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00729-00281159-00281495 all right so we're looking at about
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00730-00281496-00281815 one three zero
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00731-00281816-00282334 bridge nav
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00732-00282335-00282534 can we get a two zero meter step bearing
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00733-00282535-00282758 one three zero
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00734-00282759-00284654 thank you
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00735-00284655-00284943 all right well good afternoon everybody
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00736-00284944-00285254 in hawaii and good morning good evening
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00737-00285255-00285495 good early early morning wherever you
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00738-00285496-00285991 are tuning in from
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00739-00285992-00286287 and we are your forte shift and we're on
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00740-00286288-00286430 euphemia
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00741-00286431-00286630 seamount
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00742-00286631-00287054 south east of leisen or kaual island
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00743-00287055-00287382 quite a bit and uh this is
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00744-00287383-00287647 this is quite an interesting uh steep c
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00745-00287648-00287967 mount or it's not a geo so it's doesn't
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00746-00287968-00288134 have a flat top
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00747-00288135-00288263 um
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00748-00288264-00288527 and we've been operating fairly shallow
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00749-00288528-00288782 for uh this expedition
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00750-00288783-00289095 but right now we're at 1800
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00751-00289096-00289271 meters so that's about the range that
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00752-00289272-00289423 we've been operating and i think we
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00753-00289424-00289575 started shallow and
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00754-00289576-00289806 went up to the top and came down some is
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00755-00289807-00290047 that right chris i think so that sounds
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00756-00290048-00290254 right
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00757-00290255-00290463 definitely been seeing some diversity on
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00758-00290464-00290623 this one that we haven't seen before
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00759-00290624-00290823 definitely saw a lot of uh
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00760-00290824-00291127 new a lot of anemones and higher density
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00761-00291128-00291303 of anemones than we've seen at least
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00762-00291304-00291558 that's one of my observations and
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00763-00291559-00291823 that black coral and lobster that we
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00764-00291824-00292215 just collected with great effort
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00765-00292216-00292439 so some other new species on this sea
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00766-00292440-00292599 mount
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00767-00292600-00292854 chris has uh created the dive plan for
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00768-00292855-00292999 the cements what do you think so far
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00769-00293000-00293119 chris
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00770-00293120-00293343 um it was a bit dry in the beginning and
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00771-00293344-00293639 we kind of repositioned and coming up a
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00772-00293640-00293830 different ridge here and we got a little
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00773-00293831-00294023 bit more stuff i've been watching down
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00774-00294024-00294134 in the room
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00775-00294135-00294471 um quite a bit
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00776-00294472-00294806 yeah there you go
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00777-00294807-00295030 it looks like it's right next to a deck
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00778-00295031-00295406 to your calyx uh this is cumber exactly
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00779-00295407-00295591 see quite a few of these little fish
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00780-00295592-00295767 yeah they're pretty distinctive they're
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00781-00295768-00295895 really the only
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00782-00295896-00296158 tiny little black rat tail like that
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00783-00296159-00296391 yeah they have a very distinctive long
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00784-00296392-00296606 dorsal fin this is one of the criteria
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00785-00296607-00296815 of that species oriented it's kind of
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00786-00296816-00297103 longer than it's kind of indicative of
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00787-00297104-00298063 that species
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00788-00298064-00298319 1800 meters deep
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00789-00298320-00298471 that's how deep we are that's why we're
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00790-00298472-00298919 not moving it
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00791-00298920-00299103 i'm not heavy nope
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00792-00299104-00299215 i'm light
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00793-00299216-00299327 here
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00794-00299328-00299687 my keyboard is unresponsive
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00795-00299688-00299958 see yeah so these seamounts that we're
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00796-00299959-00300254 looking at intersect the hawaiian
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00797-00300255-00300551 archipelago or the hawaiian ridge
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00798-00300552-00300775 formation sea mounts
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00799-00300776-00301030 and as many of you know the the hawaiian
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00800-00301031-00301287 islands were formed from a hot spot
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00801-00301288-00301447 underneath the
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00802-00301448-00301671 well just just off of the coast of the
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00803-00301672-00301839 big island right now
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00804-00301840-00302006 it's still very active it creates
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00805-00302007-00302310 kilauea volcano and is forming
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00806-00302311-00302543 new volcanoes on that island
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00807-00302544-00302799 um has formed all of the hawaiian
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00808-00302800-00302975 archipelago as well as the emperor
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00809-00302976-00303151 seamounts going all the way up to
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00810-00303152-00303447 kamchatka alaska 80 milli at least 80
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00811-00303448-00303606 million years
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00812-00303607-00303887 of volcanic activity but this seamount
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00813-00303888-00303967 chain
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00814-00303968-00304182 kind of intersects it at an angle coming
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00815-00304183-00304382 up from the south and extending into the
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00816-00304383-00304495 north
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00817-00304496-00304830 and this uh was also hot spot we think
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00818-00304831-00304982 uh formation
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00819-00304983-00305287 but much earlier so these may have been
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00820-00305288-00305519 cretaceous era seamounts
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00821-00305520-00305654 which is one of the questions we're
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00822-00305655-00305879 trying to answer on this expedition
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00823-00305880-00306039 exactly how old they are but we're
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00824-00306040-00306158 thinking
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00825-00306159-00306463 around uh 80 to 100 million years
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00826-00306464-00306567 old
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00827-00306568-00306943 and so we're collecting rock samples to
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00828-00306944-00307199 to to look at that an argon dating
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00829-00307200-00307487 process to look at the age of these sea
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00830-00307488-00307815 mounts
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00831-00307816-00308047 that's a beautiful sponge that's kind of
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00832-00308048-00308254 what's what is that one chris
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00833-00308255-00308454 uh it's probably up again but we call it
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00834-00308455-00308663 yeah we call it polypegon holy it
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00835-00308664-00308847 doesn't have the sieve plates over it
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00836-00308848-00309119 like some of the species do yeah
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00837-00309120-00309334 you could really see the
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00838-00309335-00309567 the attachment structure so the sponges
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00839-00309568-00309791 down here have two kind of
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00840-00309792-00309999 different approaches one is to glue
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00841-00310000-00310206 themselves to the rock and the other is
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00842-00310207-00310391 to use these very
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00843-00310392-00310623 these kind of hook like filaments or
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00844-00310624-00310799 hairs at the bottom i forget the name of
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00845-00310800-00310879 those
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00846-00310880-00311158 what's the technical term for those
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00847-00311159-00311279 at the bottom
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00848-00311280-00311534 um these are base alias what they call
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00849-00311535-00311830 them they're modified uh spicule and
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00850-00311831-00312030 that type of attachment is referred to
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00851-00312031-00312239 as loafophytus attack lophothytis
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00852-00312240-00312399 attachment that's what i was searching
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00853-00312400-00312495 for
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00854-00312496-00312799 which is very very sturdy we've seen
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00855-00312800-00312951 several of these that
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00856-00312952-00313167 have even attached to rocks that are
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00857-00313168-00313263 just
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00858-00313264-00313503 a little bit too small and it actually
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00859-00313504-00313903 pulls oh we have a can garbage oh yeah
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00860-00313904-00314119 that's our first can isn't it what is
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00861-00314120-00314615 that for this watch yes
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00862-00314616-00314895 we haven't seen much we've seen a net
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00863-00314896-00315063 i've seen some other
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00864-00315064-00315367 small debris but not a can
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00865-00315368-00315551 the can is kind of indicative that there
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00866-00315552-00315782 is some traffic through here
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00867-00315783-00315967 and they don't typically don't travel
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00868-00315968-00316406 too far
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00869-00316407-00316606 it's really great that we haven't seen a
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00870-00316607-00316839 lot of marine debris on these islands
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00871-00316840-00317063 these at all how long would it take to
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00872-00317064-00317199 disappear
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00873-00317200-00317519 never yeah aluminum cans can last for i
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00874-00317520-00317847 don't know 100 years or more i've never
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00875-00317848-00318079 seen one in some state of decomposition
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00876-00318080-00318215 they all look like they were dropped
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00877-00318216-00318415 overboard yesterday yeah it's just
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00878-00318416-00318630 something about i don't understand it's
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00879-00318631-00318847 the they have a often have a plastic
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00880-00318848-00319110 coating over the oh yeah
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00881-00319111-00319199 yeah
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00882-00319200-00319391 over in addition to the aluminum what's
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00883-00319392-00319495 going to say because aluminum doesn't
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00884-00319496-00319647 last very long
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00885-00319648-00319751 yeah
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00886-00319752-00319943 something's going on those cans always
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00887-00319944-00320287 look sprightly
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00888-00320288-00320487 so chris what was the pink lobster
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00889-00320488-00320823 called the one on the black coral that
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00890-00320824-00321023 well um it's
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00891-00321024-00321182 at the moment it's known as europe
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00892-00321183-00321447 tychus new species and there's only one
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00893-00321448-00321623 specimen that's ever been collected to
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00894-00321624-00321815 my knowledge and it was here and it was
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00895-00321816-00322110 in 2018 off of the ship and it was a
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00896-00322111-00322303 bear to get these guys to get one of
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00897-00322304-00322543 these and why is it pink
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00898-00322544-00322758 what's that why is it pink
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00899-00322759-00322991 i don't know why it's pink it's just
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00900-00322992-00323239 some compound in its carapace there or
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00901-00323240-00323463 something i noticed one of the sponges
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00902-00323464-00323758 had like a pink pinch to it too
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00903-00323759-00323951 yeah and i've noticed i'm noticing a lot
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00904-00323952-00324071 more pink
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00905-00324072-00324239 organisms
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00906-00324240-00324519 yeah no no idea it's just how
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00907-00324520-00324679 you know there is no light here this
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00908-00324680-00324991 isn't anything that's
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00909-00324992-00325230 presumably signaling between species or
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00910-00325231-00325439 anything that's just the way that some
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00911-00325440-00325647 chemical in their bodies is reflecting
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00912-00325648-00326063 artificial light that we're providing
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00913-00326064-00326279 yeah
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00914-00326280-00326519 yeah it was quite quite uh
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00915-00326520-00326695 quite beautiful and those anemones were
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00916-00326696-00326899 pink and we saw some other
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00917-00326900-00327151 encrustations and that uh that larger
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00918-00327152-00327351 lobster that was the living fossil what
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00919-00327352-00327510 was the name of that one
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00920-00327511-00327727 in the larger uh polykey lid and his
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00921-00327728-00327934 home area on asper
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00922-00327935-00328078 and that was really neat you saw that
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00923-00328079-00328551 earlier this morning
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00924-00328552-00328758 so we've got some comments from
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00925-00328759-00329015 jeremy horowitz uh in australia about
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00926-00329016-00329239 the black coral he's somebody
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00927-00329240-00329382 researching this group and i'm waiting
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00928-00329383-00329510 to see what
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00929-00329511-00329799 he's got to say i informed him a little
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00930-00329800-00329991 bit about my opinion on this i've only
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00931-00329992-00330247 seen one of these colonies before it's
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00932-00330248-00330439 extremely tall
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00933-00330440-00330703 but it's branched off of the main branch
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00934-00330704-00330943 uh most pathopathies you don't see that
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00935-00330944-00331343 happen anymore look like plumes yeah
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00936-00331344-00331543 yeah this one is uh very very tall and
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00937-00331544-00331734 that caught my eye when i was watching
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00938-00331735-00332095 downstairs
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00939-00332096-00332391 okay a couple of bamboo corals coming up
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00940-00332392-00332463 on
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00941-00332464-00332703 single unstopped
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00942-00332704-00332958 unbranched
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00943-00332959-00333063 um
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00944-00333064-00333282 yeah he's
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00945-00333283-00333615 yeah he's not sure it's uh telepathies
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00946-00333616-00333871 um he's gonna do some genetic work and
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00947-00333872-00334054 he's basically saying bath apologies and
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00948-00334055-00334254 telepathies are so closely related from
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00949-00334255-00334630 a molecular standpoint
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00950-00334631-00334775 um
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00951-00334776-00335015 he thinks it's a good specimen i think
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00952-00335016-00335310 just because this isn't well known
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00953-00335311-00335527 and uh just because we've done it
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00954-00335528-00335695 we don't know the boundaries between
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00955-00335696-00335975 those two genera and yeah in fact when
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00956-00335976-00336127 we first
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00957-00336128-00336351 when i first collected a piece of one
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00958-00336352-00336503 and again it's the only one that i've
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00959-00336504-00336727 ever seen like this before uh years ago
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00960-00336728-00336999 i think it was 2007 or something
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00961-00337000-00337271 um we had it in our database as a branch
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00962-00337272-00337510 pathopathies for a really long time
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00963-00337511-00337782 until one of dennis opresco's students
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00964-00337783-00338071 mercer brugler um i think he got
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00965-00338072-00338247 recovered it from the smithsonian or
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00966-00338248-00338430 something like that and he took a look
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00967-00338431-00338623 at it and then he started work on on
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00968-00338624-00338863 these supposed branched
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00969-00338864-00339063 bath apathies and came up with
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00970-00339064-00339327 telepathies and then jeremy
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00971-00339328-00339503 that was probably morphology i can't
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00972-00339504-00339678 remember whether mercy was doing
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00973-00339679-00339830 genetics but
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00974-00339831-00340095 now jeremy i think is is you know they
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00975-00340096-00340254 have new tools right now to try to
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00976-00340255-00340439 figure all this out how are we doing on
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00977-00340440-00340654 push cores this looks like a potential
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00978-00340655-00340903 we're not doing any push course okay
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00979-00340904-00341134 yeah we're not doing anything we are not
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00980-00341135-00341471 doing that right now that was very clear
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00981-00341472-00342575 slap slap slap
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00982-00342576-00342758 sorry you know for one thing we want to
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00983-00342759-00342934 make tracks we only got two hours left
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00984-00342935-00343175 in this sorry but secondly um beth
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00985-00343176-00343382 already this is not me sir cutting beth
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00986-00343383-00343654 out beth said no more push courses okay
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00987-00343655-00343878 that's that's clear right she's sick of
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00988-00343879-00344063 them she's had her she's had as much
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00989-00344064-00344247 samples as she can afford to process
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00990-00344248-00344487 from what she told me so uh
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00991-00344488-00344647 i think we're pretty good
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00992-00344648-00344767 all right
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00993-00344768-00344919 sorry that was a little i was just so
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00994-00344920-00345071 excited i know it was a little abrupt i
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00995-00345072-00345295 was so excited by trevor's
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00996-00345296-00345606 like push core expertise last night yeah
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00997-00345607-00345782 i got it in two that's what the full
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00998-00345783-00346158 expertise i was
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-00999-00346159-00346439 in fact for tomorrow's um dive plan
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-01000-00346440-00346599 you'll notice that trevor that push
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-01001-00346600-00346815 cores are taken out of the first page
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-01002-00346816-00346927 table
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-01003-00346928-00347047 oh
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-01004-00347048-00347830 really yeah i will do that and
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-01005-00347831-00348119 so we have a question for our pilots
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-01006-00348120-00348382 what do you mean when you ask for more
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-01007-00348383-00348991 delta
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-01008-00348992-00349199 so can you repeat the question please
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-01009-00349200-00349391 what do you mean when you ask for more
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-01010-00349392-00349510 delta
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-01011-00349511-00349751 um so that's basically the measurement
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-01012-00349752-00349975 of the this this vertical distance
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-01013-00349976-00350263 between argus and herc
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-01014-00350264-00350454 we try to manage the tether between
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-01015-00350455-00350671 argus and herc to keep it kind of
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-01016-00350672-00350782 nice and
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-01017-00350783-00351023 you know not too taut because if it's
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-01018-00351024-00351351 really under tension it'll pull on herc
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-01019-00351352-00351471 and not too loose because we don't want
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-01020-00351472-00351663 it to get wrapped up in anything and so
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-01021-00351664-00351823 depending on the relative positions of
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-01022-00351824-00351999 the vehicles
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-01023-00352000-00352215 we'll manage the delta by winching up
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-01024-00352216-00352343 and down
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-01025-00352344-00352487 so if the tether is really spread out
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-01026-00352488-00352639 and hurricane argus are far away we'll
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-01027-00352640-00352799 come down in delta
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-01028-00352800-00352903 so there's
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-01029-00352904-00353095 less vertical distance between them if
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-01030-00353096-00353303 their vehicles are right on top of each
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-01031-00353304-00353382 other
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-01032-00353383-00353734 it will come up on delta so that um
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-01033-00353735-00353895 we don't have a lot of tether hanging
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-01034-00353896-00354006 around that could get caught on
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-01035-00354007-00354158 something
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-01036-00354159-00354463 so that's basically the what it means oh
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-01037-00354464-00355927 thank you
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-01038-00355928-00356127 so is there we're moving pretty fast up
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-01039-00356128-00356334 slope i just want to
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-01040-00356335-00356519 feel for what our um what our
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-01041-00356520-00356734 capabilities are so if we see something
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-01042-00356735-00356934 well enough in advance is that possible
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-01043-00356935-00357054 or
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-01044-00357055-00357158 we were thinking that we're going to zip
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-01045-00357159-00357358 up to this plateau and then we can move
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-01046-00357359-00357558 slower but we've got several big moves
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-01047-00357559-00357734 in and we're pretty laid back but once
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-01048-00357735-00357878 we get to the top we can slow it right
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-01049-00357879-00358063 down exactly that's great that's all i
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-01050-00358064-00358191 need to know thank you i think that's
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-01051-00358192-00358367 probably just this one final move or
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-01052-00358368-00358471 halfway through and then we'll be
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-01053-00358472-00358623 settled out and that'll be all happy
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-01054-00358624-00358854 happy yeah no problem there's no rush i
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-01055-00358855-00359134 was sort of trying to get this what the
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-01056-00359135-00359303 what the protocol was going to be in
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-01057-00359304-00359406 advance
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-01058-00359407-00359854 yeah roger
+VUC3Ca-XgAI-01059-00359855-00360272 but always is your dive so
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00000-00000107-00000377 so good afternoon I think we should go
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00001-00000378-00000532 ahead and start uh it's a little over
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00002-00000533-00000719 two o'clock
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00003-00000720-00000893 um I want to uh
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00004-00000894-00001061 thank the people who are here in person
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00005-00001062-00001324 and also uh people who are watching us
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00006-00001325-00001570 uh virtually
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00007-00001571-00001823 um and um you can send in your questions
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00008-00001823-00002021 we are monitoring the virtual questions
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00009-00002022-00002165 and for the people in the audience
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00010-00002166-00002476 please use the mic at uh uh our
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00011-00002477-00002734 wonderful speaker uh is done with his uh
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00012-00002735-00002987 with his talk so it's my pleasure today
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00013-00002988-00003401 to to introduce Dr Eduardo terrazon
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00014-00003402-00003672 Santos I hope I didn't kill that
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00015-00003673-00003940 who was uh this morning I learned that
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00016-00003942-00004211 he was born in Peru and although he's
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00017-00004212-00004456 done doing most of his work now in uh in
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00018-00004457-00004636 Brazil
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00019-00004637-00004811 yeah he has a doctorate in both
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00020-00004812-00005056 biochemistry and anthropology
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00021-00005057-00005327 and during his post doctoral training he
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00022-00005328-00005765 worked with Dr Sarah tishkov which most
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00023-00005766-00005951 of you who are tracked population
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00024-00005952-00006143 genetics is one of the big time
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00025-00006144-00006383 population geneticists at the University
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00026-00006384-00006517 of Maryland
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00027-00006518-00007025 and Dr Steven Shannock at NCI
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00028-00007026-00007313 currently he is a professor of human
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00029-00007314-00007601 genetics at the federal University of
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00030-00007602-00007919 Minas jairas
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00031-00007920-00008189 again you can say that when you come on
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00032-00008190-00008363 stage so people actually get the right
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00033-00008364-00008657 pronunciation uh in Brazil one of the
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00034-00008658-00008873 leading academic institutions in Latin
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00035-00008874-00008969 America
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00036-00008970-00009113 here's the next part in population
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00037-00009114-00009371 genetics and the chief of the laboratory
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00038-00009372-00009589 of human genetic diversity
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00039-00009590-00009935 focusing on understanding the genetic
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00040-00009936-00010192 diversity and genetic basis of complex
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00041-00010193-00010505 traits and diseases in indigenous and
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00042-00010506-00010864 administ populations from Latin America
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00043-00010865-00011128 he is the leader of genomic and
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00044-00011129-00011417 bioinformatics Analysis in the epigen of
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00045-00011418-00011645 Brazil the largest Latin America
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00046-00011646-00011903 initiative in population generics and
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00047-00011904-00012191 genetic technology which has genotype
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00048-00012192-00012460 and sequenced approximately 7 000
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00049-00012461-00012695 Brazilians
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00050-00012696-00012946 he's also the leader of the LC Brazil
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00051-00012947-00013330 election study of Aging including the
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00052-00013331-00013553 Brazilian representative sample of close
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00053-00013554-00013780 to 10 000 individuals
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00054-00013781-00013979 he's an active participant in
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00055-00013980-00014322 international Network such as the
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00056-00014323-00014579 ibero American network of
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00057-00014580-00014938 pharmacogenetics he has mentored more
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00058-00014940-00015203 than 40 trainees in population genetics
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00059-00015204-00015365 and bioinformatics
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00060-00015366-00015563 on a personal note
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00061-00015563-00015799 one of his mentees
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00062-00015800-00016229 materials with her as we would Prevail
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00063-00016230-00016493 but let me just put it away it's now a
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00064-00016494-00016697 research fellow in my lab with our
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00065-00016698-00016853 standing skills in population genetics
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00066-00016854-00017129 and genetic epimology that led to a
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00067-00017130-00017357 successful canine uh application
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00068-00017358-00017663 Canadian application Eduardo we are we
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00069-00017664-00017861 thank you for all you do to increase
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00070-00017862-00018172 diversity uh in genomic science please
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00071-00018173-00018383 join me in welcoming in to give us a
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00072-00018384-00018658 fantastic talk about genetics and
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00073-00018659-00018965 genomics in uh in South America thank
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00074-00018966-00019141 you
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00075-00019142-00019607 thanks yeah
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00076-00019608-00019889 thank you very much uh Charles for the
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00077-00019890-00020008 presentation
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00078-00020009-00020333 for to introduce for introducing me I am
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00079-00020334-00020530 very honored to be here I am very
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00080-00020531-00020729 honored of giving this
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00081-00020730-00021257 um direct NH gri uh director seminar and
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00082-00021258-00021485 I Thanks Charles and Mateos for inviting
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00083-00021486-00021863 me for this uh talk I am very happy also
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00084-00021864-00022027 to be here
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00085-00022028-00022469 again in the NIH where as a doctor Timmy
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00086-00022470-00022733 say I have been a postdoc several years
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00087-00022734-00023033 ago okay we will talk about
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00088-00023034-00023393 um the genomics and population genetics
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00089-00023394-00023849 of uh both Native American and and mixed
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00090-00023850-00024208 populations of Latin America
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00091-00024209-00024491 this is the topic of our research group
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00092-00024492-00024839 in Brazil and so we will talk about
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00093-00024840-00025144 ancestry and deceasing Latin America and
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00094-00025145-00025319 genetics population of Latin American
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00095-00025320-00025655 groups
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00096-00025656-00025912 I have a disclosure slide I don't have
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00097-00025913-00026285 conflict of interest to to disclose and
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00098-00026286-00026483 we will start to talk in general
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00099-00026483-00026729 something about ancestry I know ancestry
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00100-00026730-00027005 is a very very complex and and sometimes
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00101-00027006-00027346 difficult concept to to understand but
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00102-00027347-00027755 for we that live in Latin America or
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00103-00027756-00028205 that work on Hispanics is very useful
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00104-00028206-00028420 it's very operational to be able to
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00105-00028422-00028685 think in terms of Continental or
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00106-00028686-00028924 subcontinental ancestry and we will when
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00107-00028925-00029339 we talk about that we have several uh
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00108-00029339-00029574 several options we can talk about
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00109-00029575-00029908 individual ancestry which means that we
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00110-00029910-00030293 can Define the proportions of in our
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00111-00030294-00030712 case African native American or European
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00112-00030713-00030989 ancestry for each of us we can talk
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00113-00030989-00031223 about population ancestry when we talk
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00114-00031224-00031408 about a specific group of specific
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00115-00031410-00031702 populations but now we count since some
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00116-00031704-00032008 years ago we are able with enough data
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00117-00032010-00032351 to infer ancestry of each piece of
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00118-00032352-00032746 chromosome of each piece of of our
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00119-00032747-00033251 chromosomes this that it seems to be an
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00120-00033252-00033437 exaggerated thing and exaggerated
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00121-00033438-00033712 Concepts we will see is is very very
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00122-00033713-00034079 helpful one point important is this
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00123-00034080-00034368 there is a lot of discussion about what
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00124-00034369-00034852 ancestry means we think in terms of our
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00125-00034853-00035074 history in Latin America
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00126-00035075-00035305 is very relevant to think about
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00127-00035306-00035621 Continental ancestry this the and this
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00128-00035622-00035740 is because in terms of population
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00129-00035741-00036139 genetics are also in terms of health
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00130-00036140-00036485 the fact that Europeans and Africans
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00131-00036486-00036815 started to arrive to our continent 500
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00132-00036816-00037165 years ago was a very a very important
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00133-00037166-00037577 event in our history and it's an event
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00134-00037578-00037837 that have determined very important
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00135-00037838-00038237 components of our health but also of our
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00136-00038238-00038651 social history so I think considering
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00137-00038652-00039061 the African European and Native American
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00138-00039062-00039395 proportion of our ancestry is is very
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00139-00039396-00039671 very helpful even if you also can think
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00140-00039672-00039943 about which part of your
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00141-00039944-00040168 genome for example comes from
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00142-00040169-00040427 Neanderthal or denisovan but I think in
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00143-00040428-00040637 terms of our social history is not as
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00144-00040638-00040852 much important or to think about what
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00145-00040853-00041033 happened after the arrival of European
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00146-00041034-00041387 Africans and how they interacted with
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00147-00041388-00041815 Native American in our continent
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00148-00041816-00042179 so I will talk about
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00149-00042180-00042515 uh I will divide my presentation in two
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00150-00042516-00042929 components one is the
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00151-00042930-00043168 I will talk before there are four three
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00152-00043169-00043468 concepts that we will talk about one is
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00153-00043469-00043661 ancestry I said
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00154-00043662-00043949 then we will talk about Native American
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00155-00043950-00044183 population genetics how the environment
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00156-00044184-00044440 the genetic structure and how
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00157-00044441-00044651 environment and genetic structure
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00158-00044652-00044902 influence clinical reactionable
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00159-00044903-00045185 pharmacies in Native Americans and then
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00160-00045186-00045395 we will talk about at mixed populations
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00161-00045396-00045773 in particular in Brazil
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00162-00045774-00046115 uh there are two defining Concepts in my
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00163-00046116-00046349 presentation that I think are are very
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00164-00046350-00046589 very very important in our research in
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00165-00046590-00046895 South America in Latin America one is
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00166-00046896-00047321 and I will show uh examples of this and
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00167-00047322-00047596 I am very happy to say that I am at the
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00168-00047597-00048143 nhgri in a place where you actually do a
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00169-00048144-00048496 very you have very very very big uh Fair
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00170-00048497-00048715 north south International collaborations
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00171-00048716-00049067 and then the other concept is that this
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00172-00049068-00049240 International and fair International
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00173-00049241-00049762 collaborations has to be connected with
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00174-00049763-00049979 training of human resources of your
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00175-00049980-00050279 investigators also in in Latin America
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00176-00050280-00050680 this is something we do every day and I
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00177-00050681-00050962 think these two components are very very
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00178-00050963-00051208 important in any Global initiative of
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00179-00051209-00051442 genomics
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00180-00051444-00051779 okay let's talk about how environment
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00181-00051779-00052216 how the history have influenced the
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00182-00052217-00052426 genetic structure of some Native
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00183-00052427-00052621 American populations
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00184-00052622-00053021 you are you having this cartoon uh
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00185-00053022-00053273 pictures pictures of some Peruvian
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00186-00053274-00053476 Native Americans
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00187-00053477-00053873 um we we were studying uh as together
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00188-00053874-00054065 with Peruvian institution of the
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00189-00054066-00054232 National Institute of Health from Peru
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00190-00054233-00054587 the genetics of Native American groups
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00191-00054588-00054923 in Peru you can see there are two very
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00192-00054924-00055261 very important biomas in Latin America
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00193-00055262-00055561 which are the Andean
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00194-00055562-00055823 mountains which is a high altitude
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00195-00055824-00056135 environment this environment this this
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00196-00056136-00056563 region that you see there is such
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00197-00056564-00056891 is geographically this is equivalent in
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00198-00056891-00057244 terms of area to the Iberian Peninsula
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00199-00057245-00057592 plus French plus Austria together so
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00200-00057594-00057857 this is a a big area
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00201-00057858-00058159 and there are two very very important
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00202-00058160-00058529 environments there one is the Andean
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00203-00058529-00058919 mountains which is with is is associated
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00204-00058920-00059153 to a high altitude and to hypoxia
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00205-00059154-00059491 environment this is very dry environment
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00206-00059491-00059897 there are a and you have to at the east
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00207-00059898-00060076 of these mountains
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00208-00060077-00060382 the Amazon region which is also a very
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00209-00060383-00060616 very relevant environment in South
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00210-00060617-00060815 America okay there are millions of
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00211-00060816-00061042 people living in this environment we
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00212-00061044-00061259 studied the genomics of these people
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00213-00061260-00061415 together with the Peruvian National
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00214-00061416-00061679 Institute of Health and together with
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00215-00061679-00061930 the University of Maryland Timo corner
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00216-00061932-00062159 from the University of Maryland here in
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00217-00062160-00062326 in Baltimore
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00218-00062327-00062554 we have a very very good experience
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00219-00062555-00062813 doing this this project we studied
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00220-00062814-00063113 something like 18 populations on more
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00221-00063114-00063473 than 200 individuals and one of the our
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00222-00063474-00063875 thinking findings was this okay how is
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00223-00063876-00064144 it structured the the genomics the
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00224-00064145-00064385 genomic diversity of these populations
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00225-00064386-00064619 and took it with local archaeologists
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00226-00064620-00065026 and people from from Peru we
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00227-00065027-00065135 um
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00228-00065136-00065465 it came out that we have two regions in
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00229-00065466-00065821 Peru a region that is called the a
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00230-00065822-00066143 fertile Indian region which is at the
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00231-00066144-00066497 North in Peru and latitudinally a
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00232-00066498-00066767 southern region which is normally called
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00233-00066768-00067085 the erit and then which are more arid
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00234-00067086-00067465 but also are higher in terminals of of
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00235-00067466-00067859 altitude okay and the interesting thing
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00236-00067860-00068167 is that this environmental division
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00237-00068168-00068465 recapitulated in a certain way the the
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00238-00068466-00068688 genomic structure of this population
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00239-00068689-00068963 recapitulated this environmental
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00240-00068964-00069293 differentiations between fertile and
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00241-00069294-00069611 then region in the north and arid and
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00242-00069612-00069965 then regions in in the South what you
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00243-00069966-00070403 can see is is this okay in the
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00244-00070404-00070613 in the northern part of the andeans
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00245-00070614-00070894 where andeans are lower there has been
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00246-00070895-00071165 more Gene flows between populations and
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00247-00071166-00071338 so the different populations living in
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00248-00071339-00071549 the Andean area and the Amazonian area
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00249-00071550-00071843 share a pattern of admiture we can we
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00250-00071844-00072088 can see here green components of
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00251-00072089-00072359 atmature which correspond to the
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00252-00072360-00072709 ancestry ancestry cluster shared by
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00253-00072710-00072959 people living in the Andes in the coast
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00254-00072960-00073223 and in the Amazonian region but when you
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00255-00073224-00073481 go to the south of the Indian region and
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00256-00073482-00073829 you have higher and then altitude you
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00257-00073830-00074032 can see the that the genetic structure
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00258-00074033-00074279 of these populations is is very very
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00259-00074280-00074513 differentiated you we almost don't see
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00260-00074514-00074831 here green components of ancestry and in
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00261-00074832-00075059 these populations who are living in in
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00262-00075060-00075335 the adjacent Amazonia region you don't
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00263-00075336-00075641 see An ancestry component which is
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00264-00075642-00076097 typical of the Andean populations so you
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00265-00076098-00076397 have a north-south pattern of diversity
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00266-00076398-00076685 and in the Southern and Airy part and
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00267-00076686-00076955 higher part of the Indian region we have
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00268-00076956-00077273 a very differentiated genetic structure
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00269-00077274-00077543 between the Andes and the Amazonian
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00270-00077544-00077819 populations so these have determined for
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00271-00077820-00077921 example
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00272-00077922-00078131 several interesting things for example
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00273-00078132-00078353 the action of Natural Selections that
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00274-00078354-00078599 have acted differentially in the NDM
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00275-00078600-00078809 populations and in the Amazon
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00276-00078810-00078994 populations
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00277-00078995-00079312 we have found very very interesting
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00278-00079313-00079888 signatures of selection
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00279-00079889-00080344 okay here we found a different evidence
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00280-00080345-00080735 of a natural selection and positive
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00281-00080736-00080891 natural selection adaptive natural
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00282-00080892-00081221 selection acting on genes on particular
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00283-00081222-00081517 genes in the Indian regions like dogs do
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00284-00081518-00081850 X2 which is a gene involved in a native
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00285-00081851-00082259 immunity and also in the thyroid thyroid
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00286-00082260-00082697 hormone synthesis and hand to as1 which
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00287-00082698-00082859 participates in the regulation of
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00288-00082860-00083153 development of cardiogenesis and in the
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00289-00083154-00083381 in the in the Amazon region we have
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00290-00083382-00083609 found very different signals of Natural
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00291-00083610-00084103 Selections in genes like cd45 and
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00292-00084104-00084419 tprcss6 which is part of the
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00293-00084420-00084635 hematological and iron metabolism
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00294-00084636-00084917 function in the case of seeding 45 this
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00295-00084918-00085276 is a very important molecule in host a
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00296-00085277-00085655 viral interaction okay so but in
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00297-00085656-00085859 addition to this we published it few
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00298-00085860-00086267 years ago
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00299-00086268-00086531 this was a paper we published it in 2020
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00300-00086532-00086879 more or less two years ago lead by by
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00301-00086880-00087112 Victor border who is who was my PhD
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00302-00087113-00087317 students from Peru and now he's in the
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00303-00087318-00087671 University of Maryland but then we were
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00304-00087672-00087941 interested in looking for the
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00305-00087942-00088150 distribution of clinically actionable
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00306-00088151-00088409 variants in terms of pharmacogenetics
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00307-00088410-00088667 and we found two very very interesting
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00308-00088668-00089050 results that exemplifies how these uh
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00309-00089051-00089344 projects about genomic diversity may be
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00310-00089345-00089531 particularly important to find
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00311-00089532-00089879 clinically relevant information
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00312-00089880-00090173 one example is this Gene which is this
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00313-00090174-00090371 variant which is involved which is
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00314-00090372-00090661 related with the rosuvastatin
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00315-00090662-00090893 pharmacogenetics this is a clinically
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00316-00090894-00091062 actionable
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00317-00091063-00091306 genotype and this is particularly
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00318-00091307-00091726 relevant because you can see that this
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00319-00091727-00092056 variant is a par there is too too much
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00320-00092057-00092315 attention on the differentiation of this
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00321-00092316-00092644 variant in Asian populations so there
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00322-00092645-00092749 are different
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00323-00092750-00092993 regulatory agencies that make
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00324-00092994-00093197 recommendations regarding
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00325-00093198-00093526 that a East Asian populations that have
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00326-00093527-00093905 a frequency of around 30 percent of
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00327-00093906-00094229 allele T should start the treatment with
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00328-00094230-00094588 a lower dosage to avoid side effects
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00329-00094589-00094900 okay when we observed a comparing Indian
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00330-00094901-00095171 populations with Amazonian populations
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00331-00095172-00095417 we figured out that the differences
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00332-00095418-00095629 between Andy and Amazonian population
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00333-00095630-00095926 are as large as the difference between
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00334-00095927-00096305 Asians and not Asian populations so the
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00335-00096306-00096521 the size of the differences allele
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00336-00096522-00096815 frequencies were
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00337-00096816-00097356 as larger are the more prominent diverse
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00338-00097357-00097655 diversification that this well known and
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00339-00097656-00097931 this observer in East Asian population
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00340-00097932-00098375 so even in a in a region like in Peru we
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00341-00098376-00098621 can observe in native population big
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00342-00098622-00098921 differences between in different uh
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00343-00098922-00099125 geographic regions
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00344-00099126-00099359 this is another very important example
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00345-00099360-00099611 this is a a variant that is very
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00346-00099612-00099799 important in warfaring
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00347-00099800-00100109 treatment so in many populations there
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00348-00100110-00100343 are recommendations to genotype these
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00349-00100344-00100505 variants to
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00350-00100506-00100703 and to include this information in
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00351-00100704-00101003 algorithms for those such of Warfarin
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00352-00101004-00101405 this is a relevant in low medium income
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00353-00101406-00101741 countries why because in in in high
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00354-00101742-00102076 income countries we can you can you you
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00355-00102077-00102401 can substitute warfaring by author by
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00356-00102402-00102742 other drugs but these drugs are among 10
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00357-00102743-00102953 times or 20 times more expensive than
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00358-00102954-00103230 foreign
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00359-00103231-00103608 income countries this is not possible so
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00360-00103609-00103894 probably for for many years warfaring
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00361-00103895-00104116 will be the drug to be used in the case
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00362-00104117-00104392 of thrombosis and it will be important
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00363-00104393-00104680 to perform pharmacogenetics testing of
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00364-00104681-00104981 few Snips one two Snips to adjust the
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00365-00104982-00105316 dosage of Warfarin in this case again we
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00366-00105317-00105539 have a serving between and their
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00367-00105540-00105757 populations and Amazonian populations
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00368-00105758-00106145 differences that's that are as higher as
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00369-00106146-00106552 those Observer between that are well
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00370-00106553-00106840 known in Continental groups like East
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00371-00106841-00107063 Asian respect to Northeast Asian
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00372-00107064-00107440 populations so these are two examples of
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00373-00107441-00107669 how and there is an additional problem
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00374-00107670-00107908 in the Indian regions is that we don't
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00375-00107909-00108197 know there is no an algorithm for dosage
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00376-00108198-00108425 of warfaring in the Indian regions which
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00377-00108426-00108678 would be important to develop because
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00378-00108679-00109007 there is a problem of high altitude and
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00379-00109008-00109289 the altitude can influence the
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00380-00109290-00109493 metabolism of warfaring because the
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00381-00109494-00109684 adaptation of nandian populations to
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00382-00109685-00109901 high altitude is mainly based on
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00383-00109902-00110195 cardiovascular mechanisms
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00384-00110196-00110665 okay so these two examples uh show
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00385-00110666-00110993 uh three things that of course and maybe
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00386-00110994-00111215 obviously genomic studies in neglected
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00387-00111216-00111443 populations very well may reveal
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00388-00111444-00111697 clinically relevant information second
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00389-00111698-00112049 these examples show the inadequacy of
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00390-00112050-00112271 ignoring the internal genetic structure
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00391-00112272-00112510 of ethnic groups such as Native American
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00392-00112511-00112751 and these finding put challenge to
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00393-00112752-00112927 Concepts such as rational
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00394-00112928-00113195 pharmacogenetics or that may be
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00395-00113196-00113423 considers the the groups the Continental
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00396-00113424-00113728 groups as homogeneous and the this
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00397-00113729-00113915 programming also shows how environment
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00398-00113916-00114113 environmental stresses on the
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00399-00114114-00114347 cardiovascular system such hypoxia in
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00400-00114348-00114563 there and this posit new challenge for
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00401-00114564-00114713 the understanding of the effect of
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00402-00114714-00115054 genetic variation on drug response
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00403-00115055-00115463 okay so I I wanted to to show these two
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00404-00115464-00115697 regarding Native American populations
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00405-00115698-00116236 and now I would like to show our work on
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00406-00116238-00116477 at mixed populations these are my
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00407-00116478-00116704 collaborators in the project of the
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00408-00116705-00116933 Peruvian Genome Project henergy from the
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00409-00116933-00117151 Peruvian National Institute of Health
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00410-00117152-00117431 Robert Gilman from caitano ready and
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00411-00117432-00117604 Hopkins and Tim O'Connor from the
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00412-00117605-00117845 University of Maryland in in Baltimore
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00413-00117846-00118090 and we are doing this and other stuffs
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00414-00118091-00118278 in the context of the evil American
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00415-00118279-00118499 network of pharmacogenetics together
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00416-00118500-00118799 with a very good spanner collaborators
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00417-00118800-00118954 who is Adrian
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00418-00118955-00119104 get in
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00419-00119105-00119302 so this is about Native American
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00420-00119303-00119490 populations but in addition to
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00421-00119491-00119819 indigenous populations uh
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00422-00119820-00120149 in South America I know we are in the
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00423-00120150-00120425 month of Native American Heritage we
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00424-00120426-00120766 have also a mixed populations in in
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00425-00120767-00121031 different across Latin America as you
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00426-00121032-00121277 have here the U.S Hispanic people who
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00427-00121278-00121499 are the descendants of Latin American
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00428-00121500-00121799 people okay we have been working on a
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00429-00121800-00122128 while for uh with at mixture and disease
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00430-00122129-00122365 in Brazilian populations
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00431-00122366-00122813 we were working for several years in the
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00432-00122814-00123095 project of apj and Brazil this was a
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00433-00123096-00123269 very big initiative of the Brazilian
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00434-00123270-00123473 Ministry of Health in particular of the
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00435-00123474-00123677 Department of Science and Technology of
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00436-00123678-00123965 the Brazilian Ministry of Health
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00437-00123966-00124295 um this this uh the Brazilian minister
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00438-00124296-00124547 of Health found that the genotyping of
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00439-00124548-00124793 around 6 000 individuals and at that
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00440-00124794-00125116 time that was a larger uh genomic
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00441-00125117-00125345 initiative in Latin America this is part
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00442-00125346-00125651 of an Edward that involved people from
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00443-00125652-00125915 several institutions in Brazil and now
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00444-00125916-00126221 we are moving to the genomics of
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00445-00126222-00126586 the Brazilian uh aging longitudinal
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00446-00126588-00126904 longitudinal study okay and I want to
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00447-00126905-00127115 show you some results regarding these
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00448-00127116-00127421 projects and the work of our groups
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00449-00127422-00127810 during the last few years
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00450-00127811-00128071 these were the three population based
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00451-00128072-00128375 Brazilian cohorts that were genotyped
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00452-00128376-00128633 and so many dividers were a world genome
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00453-00128633-00128957 sequences one Brazilian cohort from
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00454-00128958-00129247 North Eastern Brazil which is very very
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00455-00129248-00129539 uh which is more African than the other
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00456-00129540-00129851 cohorts one cohort of age an aging
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00457-00129852-00130090 cohort in southeast Brazil and one
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00458-00130091-00130397 cohort in the south of of Brazil these
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00459-00130398-00130654 are the three most populated Brazilian
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00460-00130655-00130775 regions
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00461-00130776-00131116 we were focused particularly in the
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00462-00131117-00131357 African parts of the of the Brazilian
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00463-00131358-00131519 genomes and we were focusing on that
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00464-00131520-00131849 because we know African and Native
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00465-00131850-00131977 American
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00466-00131978-00132413 are our parts of of our genome that were
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00467-00132414-00132671 of African or Native American Origins
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00468-00132672-00133025 were are have
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00469-00133026-00133235 not as much there is not as much
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00470-00133236-00133469 research on those re on those genomic
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00471-00133470-00133709 religions respect to European
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00472-00133710-00134021 information from the European part of
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00473-00134022-00134266 our genomes so we have some questions
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00474-00134267-00134483 regarding the population genetics of
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00475-00134484-00134581 this
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00476-00134582-00135052 groups for example we were looking at in
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00477-00135053-00135352 uh we were looking at in a project that
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00478-00135353-00135827 was led by my Mateos okay if there was a
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00479-00135828-00136001 correspondence between the geographical
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00480-00136002-00136264 origin or a specific African population
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00481-00136265-00136528 of the diaspora and a specific
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00482-00136529-00136847 destination in the Americas we created a
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00483-00136848-00136966 data set
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00484-00136967-00137266 with different populations in Latin
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00485-00137267-00137477 America and also African-American
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00486-00137478-00137704 populations and
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00487-00137705-00138043 we look at for subcontinental ancestry
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00488-00138044-00138389 in uh different African and Latin
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00489-00138390-00138647 American populations and as we already
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00490-00138648-00138881 know the West Central African Associated
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00491-00138882-00139151 cluster is the most relevant is the most
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00492-00139152-00139325 prevalent in most of these and every
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00493-00139326-00139552 American continent populations
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00494-00139553-00139733 and
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00495-00139734-00140040 we saw also that there is a western
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00496-00140041-00140507 Africa ancestry which is not almost no
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00497-00140508-00140873 present is absent almost absent in south
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00498-00140874-00141269 of South America okay the western Africa
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00499-00141270-00141490 Associated cluster is more prevalent in
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00500-00141491-00141719 Northern latitudes of the America and
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00501-00141720-00141916 has a very low prevalence in southern
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00502-00141917-00142271 South America then we have a component
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00503-00142272-00142504 of South East Africa which is associated
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00504-00142505-00142799 with Bantu population that shows the
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00505-00142800-00143069 highest proportion in how in South and
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00506-00143070-00143399 South Eastern Brazil okay and we were
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00507-00143400-00143614 interested in trying to figure out which
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00508-00143615-00143933 are the historical and and the
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00509-00143934-00144227 geographical factors that influence this
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00510-00144228-00144504 structure of African
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00511-00144505-00144851 diversity in the Americas one factor was
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00512-00144852-00145114 latitudinal proximity probably okay
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00513-00145115-00145475 another Factor where the ocean currents
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00514-00145476-00145835 and Winds of that divided that created
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00515-00145836-00146183 two systems of navigation in our and
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00516-00146184-00146464 South Atlantic and it was related also
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00517-00146465-00146639 probably with geopolitical factors
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00518-00146640-00146909 because the control of nor Atlantic Road
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00519-00146910-00147347 was in the hands of British people who
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00520-00147348-00147790 abolished slavery in 1807 and because on
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00521-00147791-00148007 the other side Portugal influenced in
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00522-00148008-00148127 Angola
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00523-00148128-00148543 Mozambique and Tanzania and Portugal
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00524-00148544-00148993 Portugal ship ships brought
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00525-00148994-00149278 people to the South America to the
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00526-00149279-00149464 Brazil in particular and because
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00527-00149465-00149711 Portuguese using Southern Atlantic roads
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00528-00149712-00150052 to bring slaves to Brazil in particular
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00529-00150053-00150293 to Rio De Janeiro okay so our first
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00530-00150294-00150497 conclusion about this question was that
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00531-00150498-00150709 both geography and geopolitics
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00532-00150710-00150964 influenced the geography and linguistic
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00533-00150965-00151277 diversity of Africa African migrants as
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00534-00151278-00151469 well as favorite the regional
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00535-00151470-00151793 differentiation of African ancestry in
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00536-00151794-00152014 the Americans
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00537-00152015-00152297 a
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00538-00152298-00152663 okay then we have another question our
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00539-00152664-00152981 second question was this considering the
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00540-00152982-00153214 geographic extension and the massive
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00541-00153215-00153473 demographic magnitude of the African
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00542-00153474-00153709 diaspora and the level of population
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00543-00153710-00154043 differentiation between populations in
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00544-00154044-00154307 different African regions
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00545-00154308-00154564 did the transatlantic slave traits led
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00546-00154565-00154961 to a very similar level of structure of
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00547-00154962-00155290 between population differentiation in in
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00548-00155291-00155609 the Americas so we are looking only to
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00549-00155610-00155831 the African portion of Latin American
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00550-00155832-00156178 genomes okay and what was the the answer
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00551-00156179-00156425 to to this we were worried about this
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00552-00156426-00156751 because you can see here that
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00553-00156752-00156989 afro-african African clusters of the
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00554-00156990-00157361 genomes you hear him in blue in in
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00555-00157362-00157769 yellow or in purple are more structured
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00556-00157770-00157961 and more geographically differentiated
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00557-00157962-00158183 than in the Americas in the Americas
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00558-00158184-00158543 they looked more homogeneous when we did
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00559-00158544-00158849 a formal test for for this we saw you
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00560-00158850-00159119 can see here that the FST which is a
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00561-00159120-00159245 measurement of between population
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00562-00159246-00159551 differentiation is lower in the Americas
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00563-00159552-00159839 this is the distribution for Snips in
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00564-00159840-00160145 the America was lower than in Africans
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00565-00160146-00160361 what does it means
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00566-00160362-00160739 this means that the African diaspora
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00567-00160740-00160990 after the diaphrag the African diaspora
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00568-00160991-00161243 we observing an homogenization of the
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00569-00161244-00161501 between population components of genetic
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00570-00161502-00161740 variation associated with the African
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00571-00161741-00161987 diaspora which is was probably the
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00572-00161988-00162190 product of atmixture between individuals
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00573-00162191-00162497 in the in their Americas there were some
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00574-00162498-00162659 historical facts that might have
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00575-00162660-00162928 contributed to this so despite their
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00576-00162929-00163259 specific European Origins Traders
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00577-00163260-00163564 vessels transporter slaves frequently
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00578-00163565-00163847 illegally to different American ports
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00579-00163848-00164189 there was also a process called forced
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00580-00164190-00164531 amalgamation which is the the preference
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00581-00164532-00164711 what's the preference of the slave
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00582-00164712-00164914 owners for slaves from different
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00583-00164915-00165263 Geographic and linguistic Origins uh to
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00584-00165264-00165539 avoid that each they understand each
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00585-00165540-00165814 other and it was also very important the
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00586-00165815-00166078 role of e Islands such as Jamaica and
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00587-00166079-00166349 Barbados that centralized part of our
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00588-00166350-00166685 evil of America of African people and
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00589-00166686-00166931 then redistributed these people in
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00590-00166932-00167201 different parts of the of of the of the
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00591-00167202-00167314 continents
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00592-00167315-00167723 so uh the population genetics is able to
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00593-00167724-00167933 trace the African roots of admitted
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00594-00167934-00168178 individuals of the Americans to a broad
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00595-00168179-00168425 Geographic extension that goes from
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00596-00168426-00168713 Western Africa to East Africa associated
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00597-00168714-00169039 with a high linguistic diversity from
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00598-00169040-00169421 Nigerian regions to Western and Eastern
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00599-00169422-00169864 Bank to Regions and historical facts
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00600-00169865-00170063 homogenized the between population
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00601-00170064-00170357 components of genetic diversity and
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00602-00170358-00170687 these forces have predominated over that
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00603-00170688-00170881 evolutionary forces that have
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00604-00170882-00171190 differentiated the genetic diversity of
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00605-00171191-00171547 of our African portion of our
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00606-00171548-00171863 genomes so we were talking about that
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00607-00171864-00172019 mixture mapping which is a technique
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00608-00172020-00172337 that allows us to use a mixture to find
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00609-00172338-00172589 variants that may be responsible that
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00610-00172590-00172849 may influence complex trait in this case
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00611-00172850-00173476 a BMI or obesity okay so we were we
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00612-00173477-00173783 developed We performed an adventure
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00613-00173784-00174107 mapping uh looking for European
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00614-00174108-00174328 Associated or Native American Associated
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00615-00174329-00174599 fragments of the genome that may be
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00616-00174600-00175073 associated with a BMI or obesity in
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00617-00175074-00175516 Brazilian in our Brazilian cohorts we
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00618-00175517-00175690 studied three Brazilian cohorts three
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00619-00175691-00175966 admixed Brazilian cohorts with different
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00620-00175967-00176266 distributions of BMI
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00621-00176267-00176561 we didn't put all the individuals
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00622-00176562-00176814 together because the the age
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00623-00176815-00177138 distribution was was very very different
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00624-00177139-00177593 and so this is what we found okay when
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00625-00177594-00177769 we specifically
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00626-00177770-00178169 studied we found an association
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00627-00178170-00178366 only for women this is very very
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00628-00178367-00178721 important so we found uh for women from
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00629-00178722-00179057 Southern Brazil from pelotas cohort in
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00630-00179058-00179369 Brazil we have we found a specific
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00631-00179370-00179813 region of chromosome 13 that were more
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00632-00179814-00180035 likely African in
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00633-00180036-00180449 obese women so that means that that
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00634-00180450-00180731 region in chromosome 30 should contain a
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00635-00180732-00181001 genetic variant of African origin that
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00636-00181002-00181361 predisposed to a obesity this was very
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00637-00181362-00181607 very important because this cohort these
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00638-00181608-00182111 women had only 15 percent of uh African
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00639-00182112-00182416 ancestry so this means that even if you
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00640-00182417-00182801 study in Latin America uh
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00641-00182802-00183137 a white population okay is very very
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00642-00183138-00183383 likely that these white people that sell
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00643-00183384-00183688 classify as white for sure will have a
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00644-00183689-00183952 fragment of their genome that have a
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00645-00183953-00184223 African origin okay and in particular
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00646-00184224-00184554 the south of Brazil they can have a
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00647-00184555-00184888 African segments that may come from for
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00648-00184889-00185326 example regions uh uh from South Africa
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00649-00185327-00185573 that are more common in southern Brazil
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00650-00185574-00185771 respect to the Caribbean or the North
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00651-00185772-00186107 America okay so the First Signal we have
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00652-00186108-00186251 was
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00653-00186252-00186551 and an association with a negative
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00654-00186552-00186785 association for chromosome 13 with
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00655-00186786-00187307 European European uh pieces of DNA when
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00656-00187308-00187547 we look at that it came out that these
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00657-00187548-00187745 species were predominantly Africans
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00658-00187746-00188063 because these populations were
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00659-00188064-00188447 mostly a mixed of Europeans and Africans
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00660-00188448-00188788 this only happened in in
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00661-00188789-00189257 in guiming uh okay when we performed a
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00662-00189258-00189623 fine mapping we look at we identify it a
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00663-00189624-00190013 specific variant which is this one in
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00664-00190014-00190319 this region that was associated with uh
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00665-00190320-00190588 obesity which was strongly associated
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00666-00190589-00191069 with obesity with BMI in a in in
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00667-00191070-00191333 admitted women of Southern Brazil okay
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00668-00191334-00191609 but then we said okay but this is too
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00669-00191610-00191759 much this is too strong associations
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00670-00191760-00192149 it's four units of BMI for each allele
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00671-00192150-00192364 and we didn't believe in that
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00672-00192365-00192754 so and there was a problem because uh we
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00673-00192755-00193109 uh this was an imputed variant so even
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00674-00193110-00193361 if we observe it a strong Association we
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00675-00193362-00193757 were not so convinced so we tested the
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00676-00193758-00193999 association only
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00677-00194000-00194333 in adult women's from bamboo from a
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00678-00194334-00194614 different cohort and we replicated the
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00679-00194615-00194902 association okay but okay but this was
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00680-00194903-00195202 again an imputed variance so we're
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00681-00195203-00195340 looking for
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00682-00195341-00195659 a wall sequence data World genome
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00683-00195660-00196104 sequence data Force actually for a
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00684-00196105-00196504 genotype data because it may have this
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00685-00196505-00196685 may have been an artifact of imputation
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00686-00196686-00197035 and we when we studied the association
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00687-00197036-00197459 in a a third cohort in Sao Paulo we
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00688-00197460-00197854 replicated the association even with a
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00689-00197855-00198202 smaller effect okay so we were able to
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00690-00198203-00198664 find a a variant that was of African
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00691-00198665-00198928 origins in white people in that mixed
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00692-00198929-00199259 women okay that is associated with
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00693-00199260-00199643 obesity and we try to replicate that
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00694-00199644-00199828 finding in different in different
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00695-00199829-00200045 populations in Puerto Rico we didn't
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00696-00200046-00200309 find Association in Africa we didn't
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00697-00200310-00200507 observe that association with with that
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00698-00200508-00200788 we did that with people working with the
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00699-00200789-00201190 H3 initiative uh we collaborated also
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00700-00201191-00201388 with Sarah discov we did an observe that
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00701-00201389-00201695 Association so this seems to be
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00702-00201696-00202019 a variant which is which has an African
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00703-00202020-00202278 origin but seems to have an effect
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00704-00202279-00202564 specifically in women and specifically
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00705-00202565-00202816 in admitted women
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00706-00202817-00203009 okay and we replicated that we
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00707-00203010-00203387 replicated that finding in three uh
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00708-00203388-00203699 Brazilian cohorts one of them including
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00709-00203700-00203963 original sequencing data so when we
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00710-00203964-00204221 perform it a meta-analysis
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00711-00204222-00204888 we found that the association was uh was
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00712-00204889-00205246 present okay not in all the populations
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00713-00205248-00205553 we allow it for heterogeneity but we
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00714-00205554-00205871 observed by that this variant seems to
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00715-00205871-00206321 contribute to in average of one unit of
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00716-00206321-00206644 BMI for each allele which even is not
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00717-00206646-00206903 our original finding of three units of
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00718-00206904-00207305 BMI this is a very relevant variance is
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00719-00207306-00207551 to be a very very relevant variance when
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00720-00207552-00207736 they think when we think about the
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00721-00207737-00207934 effects of variants that are
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00722-00207935-00208096 contributing to
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00723-00208098-00208336 obesity so this is an example of
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00724-00208337-00208631 variance of how at mixed populations may
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00725-00208632-00209003 be used to find a variance of African or
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00726-00209004-00209184 Native American Origins
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00727-00209185-00209434 that contribute to
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00728-00209435-00209494 um
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00729-00209496-00209848 complex disease studying Latin American
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00730-00209850-00210142 and mixed populations are using a family
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00731-00210144-00210394 of Association studies such as mixture
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00732-00210396-00210617 mapping or other techniques that are
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00733-00210617-00210948 currently usually like the tractor or
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00734-00210950-00211375 even considering local ancestry as
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00735-00211376-00211531 covariates
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00736-00211532-00211865 and considering including the concept of
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00737-00211866-00212044 local chromosome
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00738-00212046-00212405 uh ancestry okay we published this in
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00739-00212406-00212623 one year ago
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00740-00212623-00213065 and finally okay we were we are
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00741-00213066-00213281 particularly interested in terms of
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00742-00213282-00213623 population genetics in not only to take
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00743-00213623-00213851 pictures present pictures of that
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00744-00213852-00214342 mixture but also in uh inferring the
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00745-00214344-00214660 Dynamics of the process in the Americas
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00746-00214661-00215075 okay so uh the the current methods the
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00747-00215076-00215279 most recent methods in population
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00748-00215280-00215663 genetics Try Not only to to to have a
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00749-00215664-00215951 picture a very high resolution pictures
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00750-00215952-00216179 of that mixture but we want to be able
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00751-00216180-00216581 to tell how this process occurred a long
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00752-00216582-00216682 time
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00753-00216683-00217169 so we were using a concept who was the
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00754-00217169-00217492 fact that when you had a mixture the
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00755-00217494-00217805 tracks which are pieces of chromosomes
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00756-00217806-00218008 from different region when you had a
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00757-00218009-00218365 mixture populations tend to have more
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00758-00218366-00218639 tracts more fragments of different
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00759-00218640-00218941 Origins and these fragments tend to be
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00760-00218942-00219251 shorter and shorter and shorter more and
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00761-00219252-00219467 make sure you have this process and we
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00762-00219467-00219803 are developing this this idea we are
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00763-00219804-00220144 capitalizing on this idea to develop a
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00764-00220146-00220308 method based on
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00765-00220309-00220631 ABC approximately by Asian computation
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00766-00220632-00220942 to infer the Dynamics of the process of
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00767-00220944-00221177 admiture what does it means it means to
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00768-00221178-00221656 be able to infer the contribution of
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00769-00221657-00221956 African European and Native American a
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00770-00221957-00222155 long time for example for each Century
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00771-00222156-00222358 or even a continuous function of
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00772-00222359-00222760 admixture along the last five uh him
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00773-00222761-00222982 centuries for example
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00774-00222983-00223398 what was when we use this concept of
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00775-00223400-00223667 increasing numbers and smaller numbers
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00776-00223667-00223967 of chromosome segments of different
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00777-00223967-00224291 ancestry and we apply this method in
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00778-00224292-00224651 2015 to Brazilian populations we found a
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00779-00224652-00224963 very very interesting result okay focus
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00780-00224964-00225239 it on Native Americans when would you
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00781-00225240-00225755 look at the size distribution of pieces
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00782-00225756-00226031 in Brazil of Native American ancestry
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00783-00226032-00226384 you see these pieces of of Native
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00784-00226385-00226691 American Origins are relatively small
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00785-00226692-00226973 are very small okay and when you
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00786-00226973-00227291 estimate you you with our method the
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00787-00227292-00227748 contribution a long time you see this
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00788-00227750-00227992 500 a
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00789-00227994-00228269 years ago the contribution of Native
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00790-00228269-00228401 Americans
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00791-00228402-00228706 the Native American contribution were
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00792-00228707-00228971 were about in different Brazilian
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00793-00228971-00229277 populations more than 20 percent okay
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00794-00229278-00229639 after that the contribution
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00795-00229640-00229991 decreases sharply and why this happened
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00796-00229992-00230231 this happened because the Native
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00797-00230232-00230605 Americans of Brazil were actually
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00798-00230606-00230908 decimated okay the small Native American
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00799-00230909-00231191 contribution was concentrated in the
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00800-00231192-00231389 first pulse of admixture immediately
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00801-00231390-00231694 after the arrival of European and this
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00802-00231696-00231937 is the genomic signature of a population
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00803-00231938-00232342 decimation in in Brazil okay so genomics
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00804-00232344-00232565 can be also used and this is very
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00805-00232566-00232877 important in in to date where sometimes
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00806-00232878-00233137 genomics are are
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00807-00233138-00233755 used or maybe use it wrongly to uh
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00808-00233756-00234065 justify in some instance there is a very
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00809-00234066-00234431 interesting papers in nature a few weeks
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00810-00234432-00234784 ago racist behaviors genomics can be
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00811-00234785-00234965 also used to
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00812-00234966-00235271 infer our history to infer social
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00813-00235271-00235625 aspects of our history and in in our
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00814-00235626-00235996 case for example Brazilian who have very
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00815-00235998-00236110 low level of Native American
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00816-00236111-00236465 architecture have the signature in their
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00817-00236466-00236789 genomes of the process of decimation of
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00818-00236790-00237058 Native American populations
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00819-00237059-00237377 we are interested in particularly in a
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00820-00237378-00237473 process
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00821-00237473-00237821 that is called the Dynamics of sexual
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00822-00237821-00238151 ancestry bias this means that in Latin
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00823-00238152-00238487 America you frequently say that in this
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00824-00238488-00238708 is related with our social history with
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00825-00238709-00238813 the
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00826-00238814-00239158 process of power of European with the
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00827-00239159-00239489 use of power of Europeans African and
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00828-00239490-00239741 Native Americans for this reason is well
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00829-00239742-00239910 known that
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00830-00239911-00240305 uh when you look at that mixture in out
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00831-00240306-00240460 of Summer chromosome and the X
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00832-00240461-00240869 chromosome frequently the European
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00833-00240869-00241144 admixture are higher in the autosomal
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00834-00241146-00241415 and the African and Native American
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00835-00241416-00241829 admixture is more is higher in the X
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00836-00241830-00242077 chromosome this is because
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00837-00242078-00242375 admiature has been mediated Africa
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00838-00242376-00242681 European mixture has been mediated by
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00839-00242682-00243053 males predominantly and African and
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00840-00243054-00243215 Native American Adventure have been
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00841-00243216-00243551 mediated by women predominantly okay
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00842-00243552-00243760 there was a correlation this is what
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00843-00243761-00244198 what is called a sexual ancestry bias
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00844-00244200-00244439 technically so we are developing methods
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00845-00244440-00244667 to infer the Dynamics of this process
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00846-00244667-00244865 not only to infer the Dynamics of
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00847-00244866-00245182 admixture but only to infer the Dynamics
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00848-00245183-00245548 of this sex ancestry
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00849-00245550-00245951 uh bias okay these are some results for
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00850-00245952-00246287 example for Salvador for Salvador we
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00851-00246288-00246658 have uh which is a a the most African
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00852-00246659-00246989 portion of of Brazil we have evidence in
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00853-00246990-00247492 in our genomes of a preferential uh at
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00854-00247494-00247756 mixture between female Native Americans
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00855-00247757-00248056 and males Africans
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00856-00248057-00248417 okay and we look for the the Dynamics of
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00857-00248417-00248579 that process
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00858-00248580-00249001 okay we look that after the 16th century
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00859-00249002-00249623 we have a an increase in the uh in the
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00860-00249623-00249965 in the marriage between European males
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00861-00249966-00250505 and uh African females then we have this
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00862-00250506-00250865 process was uh stabilized stabilize it
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00863-00250866-00251137 and then it increased again
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00864-00251138-00251627 in the 1920s centuries okay so we are
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00865-00251628-00251884 developing methods to infer this this
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00866-00251885-00252160 kind of process which are part of our
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00867-00252161-00252503 social history and our history of uh
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00868-00252504-00252839 relationship of power between African
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00869-00252840-00253042 Europeans and Native Americans so this
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00870-00253044-00253313 is one of the reasons because I think
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00871-00253314-00253613 uh for us in Latin America when we talk
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00872-00253614-00253871 about ancestry to talk about European
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00873-00253871-00254137 African and Native American
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00874-00254138-00254506 ancestry is much more important that uh
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00875-00254507-00254813 considering ancestry just as such an
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00876-00254814-00255203 abstract concept because uh
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00877-00255204-00255496 most of our history has been dominated
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00878-00255498-00255808 by the interaction between African
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00879-00255809-00256325 Europeans and Native Americans so
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00880-00256326-00256727 I I just wanted to show you some of our
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00881-00256728-00256979 work how uh population genetics as
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00882-00256980-00257284 ancestry Concepts may have we have we
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00883-00257285-00257542 are we have used this Concepts not only
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00884-00257544-00257771 to find a genetic variants that
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00885-00257771-00258196 influence a complex trait like a BMI or
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00886-00258198-00258617 obesity but also to infer uh import to
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00887-00258617-00258910 how important aspects of our social
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00888-00258911-00259210 history and how the environmental
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00889-00259211-00259348 diversity in the case of Native
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00890-00259350-00259789 Americans of
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00891-00259790-00260260 can contribute to uh influence the
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00892-00260261-00260555 distribution even of clinically relevant
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00893-00260556-00260887 variants like we saw in the examples of
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00894-00260888-00261221 rosuvastatin pharmacals and warfaring
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00895-00261221-00261377 pharmacologies
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00896-00261378-00261629 uh
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00897-00261630-00261984 I want to thanks my research group
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00898-00261985-00262445 Mateos was part of that and and it was
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00899-00262446-00262763 part of part of this analysis I show I
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00900-00262764-00263106 want to to thanks our Brazilian fundings
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00901-00263107-00263393 agencies in particularly the program
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00902-00263394-00263710 genomes Brazil from genomes Brazil from
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00903-00263711-00263923 the Brazilian Ministry of Health
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00904-00263924-00264299 and thank you very much for our presence
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00905-00264300-00264677 and I would like to be able to answer
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00906-00264678-00265084 your question is you have them thanks
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00907-00265085-00265673 thanks
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00908-00265674-00265853 okay while we're waiting for tomorrow
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00909-00265854-00266021 we're waiting for some of the live ones
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00910-00266022-00266213 we can do some of the online questions
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00911-00266214-00266441 this first one I think came in during
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00912-00266442-00266669 your discussion of BMI
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00913-00266670-00266903 and it's asking what was the signal on
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00914-00266904-00267245 chromosome 20.
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00915-00267246-00267797 the thing that I don't remember
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00916-00267798-00268055 um
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00917-00268056-00268234 yeah the the paper there are other
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00918-00268235-00268530 signals that some of them are are
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00919-00268531-00268877 reproduce it we reproduce several of the
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00920-00268878-00269051 of the signals well known to be
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00921-00269052-00269627 associated with uh with uh DMI uh
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00922-00269628-00269879 other signals uh I don't remember
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00923-00269880-00270115 exactly the the the the
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00924-00270116-00270406 signal on chromosome training okay but
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00925-00270407-00270737 if the the person who has could email me
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00926-00270738-00270977 I I can
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00927-00270978-00271441 send the information
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00928-00271442-00271673 I learned a lot of history just
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00929-00271674-00271871 listening to your talk uh that was quite
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00930-00271872-00272051 revealing
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00931-00272052-00272429 uh is you can hear me
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00932-00272430-00272723 oh it was me okay I thought I have a
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00933-00272724-00273005 loud mouth so I just yeah
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00934-00273006-00273232 but anyway I just I was just curious
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00935-00273233-00273491 that all through your talk
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00936-00273492-00273797 you didn't say anything about Asian
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00937-00273798-00274145 admixture or ancestry in Brazil and I
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00938-00274146-00274360 was just curious is there any
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00939-00274361-00274697 documentation of that uh you spoke about
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00940-00274698-00274943 Native American African and European but
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00941-00274944-00275117 nothing about Asian I was just curious
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00942-00275118-00275365 with that as part of the history there
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00943-00275366-00275980 yeah uh we found in our cohorts we had
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00944-00275981-00276221 only one individual which was 50 percent
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00945-00276222-00276545 Asian and fifty percent European so
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00946-00276546-00276893 because we had only that signal and we
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00947-00276894-00277258 did we didn't have uh evidence of at
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00948-00277259-00277427 least in the Brazilian horse we were
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00949-00277428-00277727 studying we didn't focus on that but of
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00950-00277728-00278015 course that's the the
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00951-00278016-00278297 Asian contribution is relevant for
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00952-00278298-00278621 example probably uh Sao Paulo is one of
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00953-00278622-00278975 the largest Japanese uh city in the
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00954-00278976-00279401 world okay uh we for example in Peru we
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00955-00279402-00279671 also have a very very relevant uh
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00956-00279672-00279982 Chinese Community we have a Chinatown in
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00957-00279983-00280330 Lima also for example and but we didn't
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00958-00280331-00280691 because we didn't have a signature of
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00959-00280692-00280973 Ash and of an Asian component in our
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00960-00280974-00281243 cohorts we decided not to include them
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00961-00281244-00281441 in the in the but that would be terrific
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00962-00281442-00281687 to figure out not only the contribution
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00963-00281688-00281939 when we will work at more a higher
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00964-00281940-00282313 resolution of Chinese
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00965-00282314-00282671 immigration in in Western South America
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00966-00282672-00282958 or Japanese immigration in Brazil but
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00967-00282959-00283115 also for example Middle Eastern
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00968-00283116-00283405 contribution to different parts of of
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00969-00283406-00283906 Latin America but uh Jewish population
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00970-00283907-00284119 are also
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00971-00284120-00284495 Arab components that may be present in
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00972-00284496-00284951 different parts of the continent
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00973-00284952-00285208 okay thanks uh thanks for that fantastic
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00974-00285209-00285484 talk uh this is Deborah demo from uh
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00975-00285485-00285784 energy era uh how about a two-part
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00976-00285785-00286063 question uh the first one is
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00977-00286064-00286319 how good are the reference imputation
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00978-00286320-00286573 panels like thousand genomes on top Med
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00979-00286574-00286834 for the Brazilian populations that you
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00980-00286835-00287039 study when you do imputation for G1
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00981-00287040-00287279 studies uh the second part is more
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00982-00287280-00287417 related to that which is are you
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00983-00287418-00287680 planning to do whole genome sequencing
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00984-00287681-00287897 um in case there are variants that are
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00985-00287898-00288071 not currently known that you may
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00986-00288072-00288299 discover in these populations thank you
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00987-00288300-00289043 yeah uh which we developed it and and
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00988-00289044-00289277 uh
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00989-00289278-00289601 uh we recently were testing a Brazilian
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00990-00289602-00289930 imputation panel that included uh
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00991-00289931-00290213 Brazilian horror 1000 individuals called
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00992-00290214-00290560 Sabe that was sequenced by a Sao Paulo
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00993-00290561-00290758 group from Professor Mayan Assad and
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00994-00290759-00291077 Michelle navloski so we were testing the
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00995-00291078-00291413 imputation with that we are assessing
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00996-00291414-00291673 how good is
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00997-00291674-00292079 a reputation with the top met panel and
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00998-00292080-00292463 the Brazilian plus 1000 genome panel and
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-00999-00292464-00292667 in particularly if we can do something
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01000-00292668-00292967 like meta imputation which is a concept
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01001-00292968-00293425 I I learned in the ACG meeting last last
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01002-00293426-00294049 week or maybe to put together the
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01003-00294050-00294329 Sao Paulo kohor which is all across
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01004-00294330-00294629 Brazil from Mitchell napleski and Miami
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01005-00294630-00294805 SATs groups
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01006-00294806-00295210 with author with other panels okay so we
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01007-00295211-00295451 are working actually we have a very good
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01008-00295452-00295739 imputation pipelines in our group and so
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01009-00295740-00295937 we are working with them to to do the
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01010-00295938-00296129 testing to to figure out how is the best
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01011-00296130-00296393 way to to do imputation for Brazilian
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01012-00296394-00296795 data uh there are some uh World genome
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01013-00296796-00297071 sequences initiatives in Brazil
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01014-00297072-00297521 when we work on that in 2012 13 we only
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01015-00297522-00297989 sequence 30 individuals then uh the
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01016-00297990-00298241 larger set of Brazilian individuals that
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01017-00298242-00298421 have been sequencing can be published
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01018-00298422-00298673 with our contribution in the analysis
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01019-00298674-00299032 last year this is these are one around 1
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01020-00299033-00299369 1200 individuals from a court called
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01021-00299370-00299734 Sabe uh we have been very very happy of
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01022-00299735-00300029 being part of this this is from uh
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01023-00300030-00300341 Michelle naflasky and Mayana SATs group
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01024-00300342-00300869 and then that should be coming out new
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01025-00300870-00301180 data there are something like two three
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01026-00301181-00301477 thousand Brazilians that are being
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01027-00301478-00301973 sequenced by a very good Brazilian
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01028-00301974-00302351 population scientists like Elijah
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01029-00302352-00302741 Pereira and and Alessandro Pereira and
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01030-00302742-00303095 David Mayer they should publish in in
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01031-00303096-00303293 some months and there is a very
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01032-00303294-00303473 interesting initiative of the Brazilian
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01033-00303474-00303803 Ministry of Health to do original
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01034-00303804-00304282 sequences of Brazilian cohorts and so we
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01035-00304283-00304493 hope to be able to sequences for example
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01036-00304494-00304787 the LLC or the apj and cohorts to
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01037-00304788-00305530 generate NGS data for for for them
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01038-00305531-00305753 so some more online questions uh
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01039-00305754-00306010 Anonymous one are the Europeans that
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01040-00306011-00306469 colonized Brazil of Jewish ancestry
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01041-00306470-00306791 uh are the Europeans that colonized
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01042-00306792-00307067 Brazil of Jewish ancestry or is there
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01043-00307068-00307241 significant
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01044-00307242-00307319 um
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01045-00307320-00307667 I know there is a uh publication we did
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01046-00307668-00307841 we didn't work on that but there is a
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01047-00307842-00308099 publication a few years ago from the
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01048-00308100-00308417 Andre who Grizzly nada's group that
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01049-00308418-00308699 showed a very interesting thing that was
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01050-00308700-00308801 that
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01051-00308802-00308987 uh people
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01052-00308988-00309467 that the Iberian ancestry in Brazil
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01053-00309468-00309610 okay
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01054-00309611-00309887 came from people that at that time at
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01055-00309888-00310037 the time of day of the of the
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01056-00310038-00310325 colonization saw something like five uh
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01057-00310326-00310721 centuries ago they were called new
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01058-00310722-00311008 Christians in the Iberian Peninsula and
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01059-00311009-00311284 these were probably used that converted
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01060-00311285-00311754 to the to the Christian religion because
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01061-00311755-00312058 it was better to be a Christian in the
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01062-00312059-00312358 Iberian Peninsula and they migrated to
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01063-00312359-00312721 the to the to the Americas and Andreas
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01064-00312722-00313079 groups a few years ago found the
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01065-00313080-00313325 signature of this the genomic signature
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01066-00313326-00313763 of this migration of people with use
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01067-00313764-00314141 origin who are called Converses to to
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01068-00314142-00315037 the Americas
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01069-00315038-00315347 fascinated by the history of Brazil and
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01070-00315348-00315569 South America in general
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01071-00315570-00315827 um I was just curious you've shown some
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01072-00315828-00316115 very interesting historic things that
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01073-00316116-00316295 genomics is revealing
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01074-00316296-00316649 I wonder how do you how do you interpret
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01075-00316650-00316829 this for the general population to
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01076-00316830-00317063 appreciate uh you know I'm just curious
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01077-00317064-00317279 like when I was in Brazil you can fit
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01078-00317280-00317579 the whole skin color you see in the
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01079-00317580-00317789 world you can see it in the streets of
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01080-00317790-00318071 Rio so I'm just curious how is this
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01081-00318072-00318256 social communication of your genomic
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01082-00318257-00318443 findings
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01083-00318444-00318832 yeah we have some activities for uh
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01084-00318833-00319091 spread this this knowledge we have some
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01085-00319092-00319441 activities in The Social Network in in
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01086-00319442-00319787 and we were thinking about that so I
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01087-00319788-00320039 think there are two levels of of
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01088-00320040-00320380 knowledge one is the implication of this
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01089-00320381-00320880 knowledge in in health okay so it is is
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01090-00320881-00321101 very important for example to
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01091-00321102-00321310 communicate that this kind of studies
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01092-00321311-00321497 like we showed in the case of Native
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01093-00321498-00321784 American can produce relevant knowledge
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01094-00321785-00322180 but maybe very helpful for example to in
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01095-00322181-00322337 pharmacogenetics in pharmacogenetics
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01096-00322338-00322649 there are very good examples one is the
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01097-00322650-00322925 the Russell was starting example one is
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01098-00322926-00323308 the warfaring example okay and maybe
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01099-00323309-00323758 uh to show that even in
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01100-00323759-00324034 to show the idea I didn't show a slide
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01101-00324035-00324499 that I have that even Native American
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01102-00324500-00324863 so besides that mixture between European
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01103-00324864-00325175 but even if we consider Native American
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01104-00325176-00325445 they are a very diverse group this is a
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01105-00325446-00325751 very important concept because
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01106-00325752-00326195 um there is an efforts by uh Antonio Duo
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01107-00326196-00326471 who was a traveler a Spaniard traveling
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01108-00326472-00326993 of centuries 17 I think who wrote a very
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01109-00326994-00327377 famous statement who is if you saw one
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01110-00327378-00327523 American
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01111-00327524-00327923 Indian you have saw all the American
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01112-00327924-00328247 Indians something like this okay and I
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01113-00328248-00328613 think people for maybe now is more aware
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01114-00328614-00328895 for example about the African diversity
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01115-00328896-00329075 and this is very very good because
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01116-00329076-00329506 African is a very diverse country
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01117-00329507-00329843 um and even if you but I am not sure
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01118-00329844-00330041 this is also true in the case of Native
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01119-00330042-00330263 Americans okay and this is even
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01120-00330264-00330575 important even more important for United
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01121-00330576-00330880 States European investigators this is
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01122-00330881-00331054 very important because for example when
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01123-00331055-00331408 you think about Alexa Alex Rodrigo was a
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01124-00331409-00331684 very prominent Czech American one of the
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01125-00331685-00332032 fathers of American anthropology and one
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01126-00332033-00332206 of the fathers of Native American
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01127-00332207-00332584 anthropology native Alex rodriga is a
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01128-00332585-00332771 father of
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01129-00332772-00333041 biological anthropology and have a
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01130-00333042-00333293 statement at the beginning of the last
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01131-00333294-00333619 century so in the 20th centuries okay
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01132-00333620-00334156 that were very very similar to Antonio's
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01133-00334157-00334265 statements
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01134-00334266-00334625 about the fact that all Native Americans
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01135-00334626-00334919 are are very very similar okay so I
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01136-00334920-00335123 think this I think this is a very very
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01137-00335124-00335423 important message to to transmit okay
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01138-00335424-00335567 that
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01139-00335568-00335927 uh not all Native Americans are even
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01140-00335928-00336319 genetically of course there is a a a
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01141-00336320-00336643 there is a a big diversity between
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01142-00336644-00336904 Native Americans this is very important
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01143-00336905-00337132 because sometimes obviously that's
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01144-00337133-00337379 that's better better than nothing but we
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01145-00337380-00337745 we do big projects dividing the people
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01146-00337746-00337937 in Native American components Native
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01147-00337938-00338195 Americans the the the peruvians from
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01148-00338196-00338393 Lima Al the representative of American
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01149-00338394-00338639 people in the 1000 Genome Project okay
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01150-00338640-00338903 but we need to be aware that that's not
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01151-00338904-00339215 enough okay and that was a lot of
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01152-00339216-00339443 diversity related with environment with
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01153-00339444-00339587 culture
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01154-00339588-00339682 Etc
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01155-00339683-00340187 uh the other thing I think is that
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01156-00340188-00340445 and this is a very important Concept in
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01157-00340446-00340756 Brazil for example and this is I am
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01158-00340757-00341129 Peruvian okay I'm Peruvian is uh in Peru
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01159-00341130-00341321 and Mexico archeology is very very
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01160-00341322-00341656 important for our identity so because we
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01161-00341657-00341927 have built cultures a very important
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01162-00341928-00342227 cultures before the European arrivals
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01163-00342228-00342451 in Brazil
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01164-00342452-00342899 history historical knowledge derived
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01165-00342900-00343204 from human population genetics
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01166-00343205-00343501 about the history of Brazilian admixture
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01167-00343502-00343850 is as much important as is
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01168-00343851-00343967 [Music]
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01169-00343968-00344237 archeology for example in Peru or in
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01170-00344238-00344530 Mexico this is something a a person
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01171-00344531-00344884 Ricardo Ventura from the Rio de Janeiro
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01172-00344885-00345197 National Museum told me he has worked a
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01173-00345198-00345395 lot on the history of Brazilian genetics
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01174-00345396-00345773 and and this is so these studies are
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01175-00345774-00346079 also very very important to learn about
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01176-00346080-00346541 our history our social history and our
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01177-00346542-00346834 social history of racism in Latin
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01178-00346835-00347182 America because population genetics how
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01179-00347183-00347771 can show us a very important parts of
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01180-00347772-00347884 our
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01181-00347885-00348191 of the African part of the Brazilian
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01182-00348192-00348413 history of the Native American part of
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01183-00348414-00348629 the Brazilian history this is one
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01184-00348630-00348797 something we stressed because for
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01185-00348798-00348925 example
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01186-00348926-00349554 uh when uh Brazil
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01187-00349555-00349793 this is something what is called in
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01188-00349794-00350182 Brazil the lay the the area rule it was
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01189-00350183-00350356 the
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01190-00350357-00350575 um the
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01191-00350576-00350908 when the slavery was uh
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01192-00350909-00351323 abolition in Brazil they burned out all
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01193-00351324-00351649 the registers about
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01194-00351650-00351882 slaves okay
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01195-00351883-00352056 and
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01196-00352057-00352313 was this means that
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01197-00352314-00352619 part of Brazilian history has been lost
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01198-00352620-00352841 okay and I think population genetics can
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01199-00352842-00353158 in some instance contribute to learn
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01200-00353159-00353497 about our history in in Latin America
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01201-00353498-00353771 and and this is also a very important
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01202-00353772-00354143 component of our Research In addition of
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01203-00354144-00354437 course to contributing to to Hell which
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01204-00354438-00354580 is something we are particularly
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01205-00354581-00354778 interested and and it's our Prime
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01206-00354779-00355103 primary interest
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01207-00355104-00355343 so the the questions keep rolling in
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01208-00355344-00355595 unfortunately I don't think we can uh
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01209-00355596-00355793 get to all of them because there's uh
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01210-00355794-00356087 it's still eight of them here but maybe
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01211-00356088-00356308 one more and then we'll we'll uh say
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01212-00356309-00356560 sorry to everyone else so from Elizabeth
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01213-00356561-00356782 Atkinson very cool work I was very
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01214-00356783-00357004 interested in your Association finding
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01215-00357005-00357317 in the African tracks of admixed Latin
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01216-00357318-00357539 American populations that was not seen
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01217-00357540-00357815 in populations from the African content
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01218-00357816-00358073 was this due to a higher math in the
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01219-00358074-00358301 admix populations if so do you think
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01220-00358302-00358654 this is because of drift or selection
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01221-00358655-00358967 uh we don't know okay we we that that's
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01222-00358968-00359260 very very interesting point we we try to
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01223-00359261-00359501 we publish it all the results of our
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01224-00359502-00359849 application attempts so those that gave
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01225-00359850-00360089 positive Association and those that that
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01226-00360090-00360247 did not
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01227-00360248-00360604 so for example we didn't see Association
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01228-00360605-00361001 in in two African cohorts one was the H3
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01229-00361002-00361493 African data from South Africa uh and
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01230-00361494-00361949 also in this was a urban environment I
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01231-00361950-00362225 think it was Johannesburg or and there
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01232-00362226-00362441 was also data from rural areas from
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01233-00362442-00362713 saratisco group and we didn't see
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01234-00362714-00363041 any sort even even
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01235-00363042-00363317 uh
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01236-00363318-00363784 not we didn't see any signal okay
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01237-00363785-00364145 so we but we are very very we were very
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01238-00364146-00364345 interested that we were able to to to
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01239-00364346-00364630 replicate in three different Brazilian
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01240-00364631-00364865 cohorts okay and Brazilian is a big
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01241-00364866-00365153 country so it wasn't the the same
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01242-00365154-00365249 population
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01243-00365250-00365573 so it is also intriguing for us
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01244-00365574-00365795 uh yeah I think we have to call it quits
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01245-00365796-00365969 but maybe one more round of applause
+VXnyF6Rf2E0-01246-00365970-00366355 thank you for Dr thank you very much
+VYtMGyu9mgI-00000-00001274-00001688 people who develop cities are often keen
+VYtMGyu9mgI-00001-00001689-00001967 to develop the historical centers of
+VYtMGyu9mgI-00002-00001968-00002237 towns because of course that's where the
+VYtMGyu9mgI-00003-00002238-00002522 attractive streets are that's where the
+VYtMGyu9mgI-00004-00002523-00002725 character of a place is that's where the
+VYtMGyu9mgI-00005-00002726-00003074 tourism is really important the question
+VYtMGyu9mgI-00006-00003075-00003278 of intervene intervening in historical
+VYtMGyu9mgI-00007-00003279-00003515 centers is delicate for a number of
+VYtMGyu9mgI-00008-00003515-00003820 reasons one would be the quality of the
+VYtMGyu9mgI-00009-00003821-00003979 architecture that you're inserting into
+VYtMGyu9mgI-00010-00003980-00004531 the center and the way in which it is
+VYtMGyu9mgI-00011-00004532-00005025 appropriate in scale and in and in
+VYtMGyu9mgI-00012-00005026-00005415 signification I'm not someone who
+VYtMGyu9mgI-00013-00005416-00005877 believes that contextualism means
+VYtMGyu9mgI-00014-00005878-00006386 imitation I don't think that contrast is
+VYtMGyu9mgI-00015-00006387-00006705 a bad thing but I think some contrast
+VYtMGyu9mgI-00016-00006706-00006918 can be very ugly in some contrast can be
+VYtMGyu9mgI-00017-00006919-00007202 very exciting there is a big challenge
+VYtMGyu9mgI-00018-00007203-00007773 because halsa we have 20 72 million
+VYtMGyu9mgI-00019-00007773-00008091 celeb visitors for years and that's the
+VYtMGyu9mgI-00020-00008092-00008318 most visited country in the world and
+VYtMGyu9mgI-00021-00008319-00008585 probably a lot of people come to visit
+VYtMGyu9mgI-00022-00008586-00008883 the tone Sanders because they are
+VYtMGyu9mgI-00023-00008884-00009273 historical nice and the protected seats
+VYtMGyu9mgI-00024-00009274-00010127 long time ago so that is kind of
+VYtMGyu9mgI-00025-00010128-00010535 value that you can't deny on another
+VYtMGyu9mgI-00026-00010536-00010939 hand as they are at the moment or had
+VYtMGyu9mgI-00027-00010940-00011289 they where there was not easy to live in
+VYtMGyu9mgI-00028-00011290-00011684 because apartments were too small lights
+VYtMGyu9mgI-00029-00011685-00012044 didn't enter correctly and so on the
+VYtMGyu9mgI-00030-00012045-00012305 second question would be the question of
+VYtMGyu9mgI-00031-00012306-00012632 sustainability where all the historic
+VYtMGyu9mgI-00032-00012633-00012805 centers having been built over a long
+VYtMGyu9mgI-00033-00012806-00013294 period of time have a much much higher
+VYtMGyu9mgI-00034-00013294-00013862 rate of carbon emission of non
+VYtMGyu9mgI-00035-00013863-00014132 sustainability and the intervention
+VYtMGyu9mgI-00036-00014133-00014435 there is not so much in question of new
+VYtMGyu9mgI-00037-00014436-00014875 intervention but of how sensitive the
+VYtMGyu9mgI-00038-00014876-00015119 reconfiguration the reconstruction and
+VYtMGyu9mgI-00039-00015119-00015422 the restoration of the historic building
+VYtMGyu9mgI-00040-00015422-00015697 stock the trouble is the drive to
+VYtMGyu9mgI-00041-00015697-00016003 extract more and more value from towns
+VYtMGyu9mgI-00042-00016004-00016466 sometimes people in their desire really
+VYtMGyu9mgI-00043-00016467-00016808 to make money exceed the ability of the
+VYtMGyu9mgI-00044-00016809-00017131 area to absorb the size of the
+VYtMGyu9mgI-00045-00017132-00017360 developments there is another point that
+VYtMGyu9mgI-00046-00017361-00017669 he's not easy to manage wealth is the
+VYtMGyu9mgI-00047-00017670-00018008 the cars and how to access to these
+VYtMGyu9mgI-00048-00018009-00018482 don't centers as
+VYtMGyu9mgI-00049-00018483-00018818 in fact many people have a car and needs
+VYtMGyu9mgI-00050-00018819-00019082 to park close to their home and their
+VYtMGyu9mgI-00051-00019083-00019433 apartments so it's not easy to manage
+VYtMGyu9mgI-00052-00019434-00019736 and by creating different parkings and
+VYtMGyu9mgI-00053-00019737-00020323 so on or to develop other modes of
+VYtMGyu9mgI-00054-00020324-00020795 moving a bicycle and so on the third
+VYtMGyu9mgI-00055-00020796-00021226 question I think is the is the very very
+VYtMGyu9mgI-00056-00021227-00021623 rapid transformation of use and of
+VYtMGyu9mgI-00057-00021624-00021869 function of the historic centers many
+VYtMGyu9mgI-00058-00021870-00022073 historic centers are now museum centers
+VYtMGyu9mgI-00059-00022074-00022426 they're not anymore the downtown's of
+VYtMGyu9mgI-00060-00022427-00022757 obvious today many historic centers are
+VYtMGyu9mgI-00061-00022758-00023275 in a process of abandonment and very
+VYtMGyu9mgI-00062-00023276-00023707 very much in decay both socially and
+VYtMGyu9mgI-00063-00023708-00024005 environmentally so all those questions I
+VYtMGyu9mgI-00064-00024006-00024221 think have to be introduced and I think
+VYtMGyu9mgI-00065-00024222-00024452 the historic Center actually can't be
+VYtMGyu9mgI-00066-00024453-00024755 looked at outside the governing plan of
+VYtMGyu9mgI-00067-00024756-00025952 a region or metropolis as a whole
+VYtMGyu9mgI-00068-00025952-00026158 you
+VZao6h_a5du-00000-00000286-00001491 [Music]
+VZao6h_a5du-00001-00001492-00002046 do
+VZao6h_a5du-00003-00005684-00006149 foreign
+VZao6h_a5du-00004-00006150-00007083 [Music]
+VZao6h_a5du-00005-00007084-00007352 foreign
+VZao6h_a5du-00006-00007353-00008483 [Music]
+VZao6h_a5du-00007-00008484-00008672 do
+VZao6h_a5du-00008-00008673-00011283 [Music]
+VZao6h_a5du-00009-00011284-00012071 do
+VZao6h_a5du-00010-00012072-00014083 [Music]
+VZao6h_a5du-00011-00014084-00014793 do
+VZao6h_a5du-00012-00014794-00015483 [Music]
+VZao6h_a5du-00013-00015484-00015900 so
+VZao6h_a5du-00014-00015901-00016883 [Music]
+VZao6h_a5du-00015-00016884-00017495 do
+VZao6h_a5du-00016-00017496-00019683 [Music]
+VZao6h_a5du-00017-00019684-00019812 so
+VZao6h_a5du-00018-00019813-00022483 [Music]
+VZao6h_a5du-00019-00022484-00022717 so
+VZao6h_a5du-00020-00022718-00025283 [Music]
+VZao6h_a5du-00021-00025284-00025648 so
+VZao6h_a5du-00023-00029702-00032283 [Music]
+VZao6h_a5du-00024-00032702-00033683 [Music]
+VZao6h_a5du-00025-00033684-00034195 so
+VZao6h_a5du-00026-00034196-00035083 [Music]
+VZao6h_a5du-00027-00035084-00035357 so
+VZao6h_a5du-00028-00035358-00037287 [Music]
+VZao6h_a5du-00029-00037288-00037496 you
+VbMdGyfTfg0-00000-00000128-00000401 is currently receiving criticism from
+VbMdGyfTfg0-00001-00000401-00000628 Japanese fans because she was seen using
+VbMdGyfTfg0-00002-00000629-00000821 a Korean cosmetic brand called dogdo
+VbMdGyfTfg0-00003-00000822-00001061 recently a vlog of J1 was shared on Lee
+VbMdGyfTfg0-00004-00001062-00001253 seraphim's official YouTube and the idol
+VbMdGyfTfg0-00005-00001254-00001481 was seen sharing with fans what goes on
+VbMdGyfTfg0-00006-00001482-00001679 throughout her day individual kimchi 1
+VbMdGyfTfg0-00007-00001680-00001864 revealed her makeup routine and what she
+VbMdGyfTfg0-00008-00001866-00002081 uses to erase her makeup the part that
+VbMdGyfTfg0-00009-00002082-00002284 Japanese friends took issue it was the
+VbMdGyfTfg0-00010-00002285-00002507 product that she was seen using 31
+VbMdGyfTfg0-00011-00002508-00002723 wrapped up her Cheerios she was seen
+VbMdGyfTfg0-00012-00002724-00002908 erasing her makeup and glimpse of the
+VbMdGyfTfg0-00013-00002909-00003100 makeup product the idol was using were
+VbMdGyfTfg0-00014-00003101-00003256 shown from time to time this quickly
+VbMdGyfTfg0-00015-00003257-00003413 grabbed the attention of Japanese fans
+VbMdGyfTfg0-00016-00003414-00003581 who even blamed kimchi 1 as
+VbMdGyfTfg0-00017-00003582-00003761 anti-japanese this is because the
+VbMdGyfTfg0-00018-00003761-00003929 islands of doctor have been at the
+VbMdGyfTfg0-00019-00003929-00004127 center of long existing food between
+VbMdGyfTfg0-00020-00004128-00004354 Korea and Japan for the past 300 years
+VbMdGyfTfg0-00021-00004355-00004529 the doctor Islands have been at the
+VbMdGyfTfg0-00022-00004530-00004703 center of a diplomatic dispute between
+VbMdGyfTfg0-00023-00004704-00004883 two countries to which country the
+VbMdGyfTfg0-00024-00004884-00005122 island belong Japanese netizens and fans
+VbMdGyfTfg0-00025-00005123-00005381 criticized kimchi won as senseless and
+VbMdGyfTfg0-00026-00005382-00005579 have been attacking the idol online some
+VbMdGyfTfg0-00027-00005580-00005795 Japanese netizens commented garam is
+VbMdGyfTfg0-00028-00005796-00006011 better than J1 who uses doctor product
+VbMdGyfTfg0-00029-00006012-00006220 second one second heart actions are
+VbMdGyfTfg0-00030-00006221-00006400 dangerous using doctor products when
+VbMdGyfTfg0-00031-00006401-00006592 there are Japanese members in her room
+VbMdGyfTfg0-00032-00006593-00006778 another one said she crossed the line
+VbMdGyfTfg0-00033-00006779-00006970 using doctor product where she is
+VbMdGyfTfg0-00034-00006972-00007156 supporting the sales of the product by
+VbMdGyfTfg0-00035-00007158-00007378 using meanwhile Korean netizens who came
+VbMdGyfTfg0-00036-00007379-00007613 to kimchi wants defense and commented
+VbMdGyfTfg0-00037-00007614-00007798 she is Korean what's wrong with using
+VbMdGyfTfg0-00038-00007800-00007973 products with the name of Korean Island
+VbMdGyfTfg0-00039-00007973-00008164 she is a Korean using a Korean product
+VbMdGyfTfg0-00040-00008165-00008405 so this is just ridiculous what are they
+VbMdGyfTfg0-00041-00008406-00008596 saying she doesn't need Japanese fans
+VbMdGyfTfg0-00042-00008597-00008837 and she has us and they are taking
+VbMdGyfTfg0-00043-00008838-00009064 issues with just anything so what I
+VbMdGyfTfg0-00044-00009065-00009251 think is this Japanese are really
+VbMdGyfTfg0-00045-00009252-00009514 sensitive to anything that is related to
+VbMdGyfTfg0-00046-00009515-00009701 their country so we can say that anyone
+VbMdGyfTfg0-00047-00009702-00009964 would feel the same thing if it were to
+VbMdGyfTfg0-00048-00009965-00010199 be Korean as well so let us know what do
+VbMdGyfTfg0-00049-00010200-00010306 you think in this comment section down
+VbMdGyfTfg0-00050-00010307-00010487 below and I will get back to you with
+VbMdGyfTfg0-00051-00010488-00010655 her response so guys that's all for
+VbMdGyfTfg0-00052-00010656-00010805 today I hope you enjoyed this video do
+VbMdGyfTfg0-00053-00010806-00010955 give a thumbs up to this video also
+VbMdGyfTfg0-00054-00010956-00011105 subscribe to the channel hit the
+VbMdGyfTfg0-00055-00011106-00011260 notification Bell because this really
+VbMdGyfTfg0-00056-00011261-00011423 makes me motivated to make new videos
+VbMdGyfTfg0-00057-00011424-00011609 for you so if you want to know what
+VbMdGyfTfg0-00058-00011610-00011824 happened with Lee jong-suk during his
+VbMdGyfTfg0-00059-00011825-00012064 fan me then do watch this video right
+VbMdGyfTfg0-00060-00012065-00012103 now
+VbMdGyfTfg0-00061-00012104-00012466 [Music]
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00000-00000000-00000313 the following presentation is rated web
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00001-00000314-00000724 G for general audiences
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00002-00000725-00001040 previously on welcome to the family if
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00003-00001041-00001250 it wasn't removed very soon it would
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00004-00001251-00001514 rupture to slice him across the abdomen
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00005-00001515-00001723 on the bottom that's my one fear she
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00006-00001725-00001948 stole my sponsor I will steal his
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00007-00001950-00002231 monster small one so fuzzy ones too
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00008-00002232-00002500 creepy ones Eli I almost had a heart
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00009-00002501-00002863 attack anyone can entertain but only we
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00010-00002864-00003265 agitate you with a mixture of fun
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00011-00003266-00003518 learning and craziness my team and I
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00012-00003519-00003704 traveled the world motivating and
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00013-00003704-00004120 connecting with people are you ready
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00014-00004121-00004631 welcome to the family so today we're
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00015-00004632-00004870 headed to the florida renaissance fest
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00016-00004871-00005195 it all changes once you walk in through
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00017-00005196-00005354 those gates you're like it a whole
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00018-00005355-00005597 different place yeah I know some people
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00019-00005598-00005780 aren't quite clear what the Renaissance
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00020-00005781-00006059 era was so basically it was from the
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00021-00006060-00006311 14th century to the 17th century and all
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00022-00006312-00006472 that stuff in between trying to
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00023-00006473-00006667 celebrate the history presumably the
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00024-00006668-00006830 history of spain here in florida and
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00025-00006831-00007042 makes it here a little a little myth and
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00026-00007043-00007214 it's an italian culture movement that
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00027-00007215-00007367 actually spread to the rest of europe in
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00028-00007368-00007691 the 1600s Lee Renaissance means rebirth
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00029-00007692-00007995 in French and it affected literature our
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00030-00007997-00008177 architecture just about everything
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00031-00008178-00008401 basically it was a renewal of
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00032-00008402-00008621 everybody's interest right after the
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00033-00008622-00008834 dark ages I'm King Ferdinand uh and
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00034-00008835-00009113 though he's a historic character I play
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00035-00009114-00009251 him in a different way the fun-loving
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00036-00009252-00009437 guy who loves his family and loves
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00037-00009438-00009671 everyone who comes here the premise of
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00038-00009672-00009848 the story here is that we're here on
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00039-00009849-00010127 vacation so this is when our Ferdinand
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00040-00010128-00010319 Isabella let their hair down and it's
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00041-00010320-00010815 like
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00042-00010816-00011080 yeah the sphere is 1 i've seen some
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00043-00011081-00011278 amazing costume it'd suit you samurais
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00044-00011279-00011713 this guy took for all the italic album
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00045-00011714-00012316 seriously a lot of beers in fact I'm
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00046-00012317-00012487 million mine grow cuz everyone had long
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00047-00012488-00012787 beards i am captain at the South Florida
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00048-00012788-00013063 pirates I like how you can't really tell
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00049-00013063-00013315 who works here because everyone is in
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00050-00013316-00013558 the spirit of our it's my favorite time
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00051-00013559-00013681 of the year because Larry's get to
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00052-00013682-00013972 Jessup is my true form which is no fairy
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00053-00013972-00014185 thing not only were they dressed up it
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00054-00014186-00014380 was like they were really into character
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00055-00014381-00015216 I am and this is my god heaven hell may
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00056-00015218-00015496 I give you real de this is the money for
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00057-00015497-00015663 my country don't spend it all in one
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00058-00015665-00015865 place one thing we try to do is we try
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00059-00015866-00016047 to be a mercy I mean it's not like we're
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00060-00016049-00016204 like oh look it's the king and i can't
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00061-00016205-00016360 get close to have no no come up shake my
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00062-00016361-00016618 hands ello the princess the Queen my
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00063-00016619-00016804 captain of the guards all my guards
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00064-00016805-00017098 everyone is here and you could immerse
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00065-00017099-00017239 yourself in this experience have a
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00066-00017240-00017512 wonderful festival it's very
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00067-00017513-00017686 family-oriented so if you have small
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00068-00017687-00017908 children there's tons of rides they have
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00069-00017909-00018193 everything from archery to do Lee nice
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00070-00018194-00018427 and intestinal distress little rides
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00071-00018428-00018616 like the Herla nadir and even some
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00072-00018617-00018949 fencing and if you're brave enough they
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00073-00018950-00019183 had a zip line it's a great weekend for
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00074-00019184-00019510 the family whatever you are into you're
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00075-00019511-00019690 gonna find it here watching the children
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00076-00019691-00019872 playing around even the adults
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00077-00019873-00020169 everything had no electricity you didn't
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00078-00020170-00020341 need today's technology to really enjoy
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00079-00020342-00020563 it this is a medieval battlefield and
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00080-00020564-00020816 reenact the storming of a castle
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00081-00020817-00021011 we have here is a ballista or a really
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00082-00021012-00021269 really big crossbow in theory this is on
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00083-00021270-00021455 fire and every time we shoot over these
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00084-00021456-00021650 it weakens one of the walls of the
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00085-00021651-00022419 castle okay hello ever when you're ready
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00086-00022420-00022919 yeah natural girls at the best shot it
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00087-00022920-00023063 was a lot of fun so just like everything
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00088-00023064-00023288 else in the festival the music reflected
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00089-00023289-00023477 that of that time period and back then
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00090-00023478-00023663 music was an essential part of civic
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00091-00023664-00023872 religious and courtly life you get
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00092-00023873-00024119 exposed to live music come on in you're
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00093-00024120-00024319 just in time folks I know everyone has
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00094-00024320-00024469 the overwhelming urge to stand in the
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00095-00024470-00024700 back in case the show sucks and there's
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00096-00024701-00024935 so many individual people around the
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00097-00024936-00025103 entire festival to have their own really
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00098-00025104-00025286 cool instruments that Google Ailey's and
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00099-00025287-00025643 harps and drums the entire place is a
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00100-00025644-00026279 festival
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00101-00026280-00026489 food from all over the world there's
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00102-00026489-00026708 ceviche there's gypsy food there's the
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00103-00026708-00026905 best tails around this is coming for the
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00104-00026906-00027127 whole family so we're walking and all
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00105-00027128-00027280 sudden we come to this booth and they
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00106-00027281-00027496 have all these hawks and owls and just
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00107-00027497-00027655 all these peasants I mean just gorgeous
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00108-00027656-00027920 creatures but something was really
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00109-00027920-00028111 disturbing some of them had like this
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00110-00028112-00028336 leather binding thing covering their
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00111-00028337-00028583 eyes and I just thought is that animal
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00112-00028583-00028874 cruelty just keep them relaxed but when
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00113-00028875-00029051 they're up here on the perch they're
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00114-00029052-00029345 afraid of you so by you taking pictures
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00115-00029345-00029576 and you know that's what they're staring
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00116-00029577-00029780 at then they get nervous fast so this
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00117-00029781-00030092 way caspa feels very safe but see here's
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00118-00030093-00030398 me so this was my first year going to
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00119-00030399-00030620 this Renaissance Festival and it was
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00120-00030620-00031165 definitely an experience yeah we make
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00121-00031166-00031373 catapult these ones are based off of the
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00122-00031374-00031592 basic torsion principle with the ropes
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00123-00031593-00031789 what it does when you adjust the dowel
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00124-00031790-00031936 rods on the side it makes the ropes
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00125-00031937-00032174 tighter so that it shoots further there
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00126-00032175-00032314 were all these different shops there was
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00127-00032315-00032483 leather shops there was henna shops
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00128-00032483-00032798 there was glass shops it was so neat to
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00129-00032799-00032995 see all of these people actually
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00130-00032996-00033245 creating these items the way they were
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00131-00033246-00033427 back then welcome to the drummer
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00132-00033428-00033737 possibly she did you wish it all
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00133-00033738-00033895 throughout the festival there were
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00134-00033896-00034501 historical demonstrations of all kinds
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00135-00034502-00034795 breaking down striking aspects this
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00136-00034796-00035353 Heather weighs about 150 pounds
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00137-00035354-00036031 after coming out
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00138-00036032-00036262 like the wind blows through a little
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00139-00036263-00036484 treat you hear it cry like the window
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00140-00036485-00036862 she will cry this is a willow tree yeah
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00141-00036863-00037258 but it's just scrunched up and it's
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00142-00037259-00037933 Talan do you want Hannah I did your
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00143-00037934-00038203 grandpa let's take in a while to me
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00144-00038204-00038407 right no but it just looks like a bunch
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00145-00038408-00038785 of late yeah you're gonna hand out your
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00146-00038786-00039175 grandfather hennas all natural it's a
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00147-00039176-00039354 plant that goes in the Middle East that
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00148-00039355-00039631 plant is dried and ground into a powder
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00149-00039632-00039805 and the powder as mix of lemon juice in
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00150-00039806-00040021 eucalyptus oil that make the paste face
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00151-00040022-00040180 is painted on your skin with a paste
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00152-00040181-00040318 dries it comes off at least behind the
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00153-00040319-00040501 stains both of you still have it Aaron
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00154-00040502-00040690 intro both went to art school they'd
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00155-00040691-00040849 both been doing henna professionally for
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00156-00040850-00041056 10 years just be really careful they
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00157-00041057-00041269 don't bump it on anything as soon as it
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00158-00041270-00041461 dries stay 15 minutes now since the
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00159-00041462-00041755 sun's gone down then we'll spray it for
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00160-00041756-00041911 you with some lemon juice and glycerin I
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00161-00041912-00042097 love being creative and being an artist
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00162-00042098-00042349 the Renaissance Festival really is a
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00163-00042350-00042613 place for the entire family it's really
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00164-00042614-00042847 cool and I get alive with my lemons
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00165-00042848-00043225 working amazing oh we love it we come
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00166-00043226-00043471 every we get some passes right now we're
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00167-00043472-00043636 listening to the music in the background
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00168-00043637-00043846 from everybody just having a street
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00169-00043847-00044065 festival and having all kinds of
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00170-00044066-00044233 different music and enjoying themselves
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00171-00044234-00046213 dancing
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00172-00046214-00046475 everybody's starting to go home but
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00173-00046476-00046745 there's more there's fireworks coming up
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00174-00046746-00046979 soon in a little bit to end the day with
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00175-00046980-00049504 bang oh it might be starting right now
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00176-00049505-00050510 come on TV I'm on TV on YouTube follow
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00177-00050511-00050615 me to come down to the florida
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00178-00050616-00050765 renaissance festival we're here thats
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00179-00050766-00050963 quiet waters park in deerfield beach and
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00180-00050964-00051173 enjoy the time of your lives and share a
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00181-00051174-00051401 moment of myth and history combined to
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00182-00051402-00051602 the ren faire see you at the renaissance
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00183-00051603-00052058 festival hi guys this is alexa from
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00184-00052059-00052240 welcome to the family don't forget to
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00185-00052241-00052829 Like comment subscribe oh yeah and share
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00186-00052829-00053433 it with your friends and family
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00187-00053434-00054505 you
+VbXA-IB8s0c-00188-00054507-00054713 you
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00000-00000000-00000316 an autogyro from Greek autos and euros
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00001-00000317-00000671 self turning also known as a gyroplane
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00002-00000672-00001045 or gyrocopter is a type of rotorcraft
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00003-00001046-00001310 that uses an unpowered rotor in free
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00004-00001311-00001705 auto rotation to develop lift forward
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00005-00001707-00001988 thrust is provided independently
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00006-00001989-00002323 typically by an engine-driven propeller
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00007-00002324-00002677 while similar to a helicopter rotor in
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00008-00002678-00002987 appearance the auto gyros rotor must
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00009-00002988-00003247 have air flowing across the rotor disk
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00010-00003248-00003547 to generate rotation and the air flows
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00011-00003548-00003794 upwards through the rotor disk rather
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00012-00003795-00004235 than down the autogyro was invented by
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00013-00004236-00004568 Spanish engineer juan de la cierva in an
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00014-00004569-00004831 attempt to create an aircraft that could
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00015-00004832-00005258 fly safely at low speeds he first flew
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00016-00005259-00005738 one on the 9th of January 1923 at cuatro
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00017-00005739-00006134 Vientos airfield in Madrid cierva
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00018-00006135-00006388 aircraft resembled the fixed-wing
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00019-00006389-00006638 aircraft of the day with a front-mounted
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00020-00006639-00007055 engine and propeller under license from
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00021-00007056-00007492 cierva in the 1920s and 1930s the
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00022-00007493-00007735 Pitcairn and Kellet companies made
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00023-00007736-00008081 further innovations late-model
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00024-00008081-00008384 auto gyros patterned after Etienne d'Or
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00025-00008385-00008783 Moi's bull a1 autogyro and igor Benson's
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00026-00008784-00009059 designs feature a rear-mounted engine
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00027-00009060-00009409 and propeller in a pusher configuration
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00028-00009410-00009821 the term autogyro was a trademark of the
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00029-00009822-00010138 cierva autogiro company and the term
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00030-00010139-00010456 gyrocopter was used by e burke wilfred
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00031-00010457-00010685 who developed the RAI solar chrysler
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00032-00010686-00010976 feathering rotor equipped gyroplane in
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00033-00010977-00011348 the first half of the 20th century the
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00034-00011349-00011606 latter term was later adopted as a
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00035-00011607-00012158 trademark by Benson aircraft topic
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00036-00012159-00012488 principle of operation an autogyro is
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00037-00012489-00012749 characterized by a free-spinning rotor
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00038-00012750-00013021 that turns because of the passage of air
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00039-00013022-00013330 through the rotor from below the
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00040-00013331-00013558 downward component of the total
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00041-00013559-00013858 aerodynamic reaction of the rotor gives
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00042-00013859-00014150 lift to the vehicle sustaining it in the
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00043-00014151-00014488 air a separate propeller provides
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00044-00014490-00014786 forward thrust and can be placed in a
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00045-00014787-00015086 polar configuration with the engine and
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00046-00015087-00015332 propeller at the front of the fuselage
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00047-00015333-00015658 or in a pusher configuration with the
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00048-00015659-00015886 engine and propeller at the rear of the
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00049-00015887-00016330 fuselage whereas a helicopter works by
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00050-00016331-00016577 forcing the rotor blades through the air
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00051-00016578-00016886 drawing air from above the autogyro
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00052-00016887-00017192 rotor blade generates lift in the same
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00053-00017193-00017480 way as a gliders wing by changing the
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00054-00017481-00017705 angle of the air as the air moves
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00055-00017706-00017980 upwards and backwards relative to the
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00056-00017981-00018305 rotor blade the free spinning blades
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00057-00018306-00018635 turn by auto rotation the rotor blades
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00058-00018636-00018893 are angled so that they not only give
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00059-00018894-00019205 lift but the angle of the blades causes
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00060-00019206-00019421 the lift to accelerate the blades
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00061-00019422-00019742 rotation rate until the rotor turns at a
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00062-00019743-00020018 stable speed with the drag and thrust
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00063-00020019-00020438 forces in balance because the craft must
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00064-00020439-00020702 be moving forward with respect to the
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00065-00020703-00020972 surrounding air in order to force air
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00066-00020973-00021149 through the overhead rotor
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00067-00021150-00021491 Auto gyros are generally not capable of
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00068-00021492-00021761 vertical takeoff except in a strong
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00069-00021762-00021926 headwind
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00070-00021927-00022262 a few types such as the Air and Space 18
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00071-00022263-00022612 a have shown short takeoff or landing
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00072-00022613-00022970 pitch control as achieved by tilting the
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00073-00022971-00023261 rotor fore and aft roll control by
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00074-00023262-00023624 tilting the rotor laterally the tilt of
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00075-00023625-00023903 the rotor can be effected by means of a
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00076-00023904-00024278 tilting hub cierva a swash plate air and
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00077-00024279-00024740 space 18 a or servo flaps a rudder
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00078-00024741-00025073 provides yaw control on pusher
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00079-00025074-00025394 configuration autogyros the rudder is
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00080-00025395-00025598 typically placed in the propeller
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00081-00025599-00025927 slipstream to maximize Yaak control at
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00082-00025929-00026252 low airspeed but not always as seen in
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00083-00026252-00026594 the McCulloch j2 with twin rudders
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00084-00026595-00027052 placed outboard of the propeller arc
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00085-00027052-00027370 topic flight controls there are three
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00086-00027372-00027680 primary flight controls control stick
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00087-00027681-00028120 rudder pedals and throttle typically the
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00088-00028122-00028382 control stick is termed the cyclic and
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00089-00028383-00028608 tilts the rotor in the desired direction
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00090-00028610-00029008 to provide pitch and roll control some
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00091-00029010-00029252 auto gyros do not tilt the rotor
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00092-00029252-00029588 relative to the airframe or only do so
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00093-00029589-00029855 in one dimension and have conventional
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00094-00029856-00030145 control surfaces to vary the remaining
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00095-00030147-00030457 degrees of freedom the rudder pedals
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00096-00030458-00030758 provide yaw control and the throttle
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00097-00030758-00031100 controls engine power secondary flight
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00098-00031101-00031400 controls include the rotor transmission
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00099-00031401-00031751 clutch also known as a pre rotator which
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00100-00031752-00032051 when engaged drives the rotor to start
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00101-00032052-00032258 it spinning before takeoff and
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00102-00032258-00032525 collective pitch to reduce blade pitch
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00103-00032526-00032882 before driving the rotor collective
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00104-00032883-00033188 pitch controls are not usually fitted to
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00105-00033189-00033491 auto gyros but can be found on the Air
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00106-00033492-00033890 and Space 18 a McCulloch j2 and the
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00107-00033891-00034124 Westar mayor treads rubber and are
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00108-00034125-00034604 capable of near VTOL performance unlike
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00109-00034605-00034898 a helicopter Auto gyros without
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00110-00034899-00035177 collective pitch or another jump start
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00111-00035178-00035456 facility need a runway to takeoff
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00112-00035457-00035768 however they are capable of landing with
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00113-00035769-00036152 a very short or zero ground roll like
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00114-00036153-00036539 helicopters each autogyro has a specific
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00115-00036540-00036824 height velocity diagram for safest
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00116-00036825-00037139 operation although the dangerous area is
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00117-00037140-00037543 usually smaller than for helicopters
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00118-00037544-00037974 you
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00119-00037975-00038298 topic pusher versus tractor
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00120-00038299-00038774 configuration
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00121-00038775-00039135 modern autogyros typically follow one of
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00122-00039136-00039530 two basic configurations the most common
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00123-00039531-00039870 design as the pusher configuration where
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00124-00039871-00040127 the engine and propeller are located
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00125-00040128-00040442 behind the pilot and rotor mast such as
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00126-00040443-00040836 in the Benson gyrocopter it was
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00127-00040837-00041148 developed by Igor Benson in the decades
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00128-00041149-00041460 following World War two and came into
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00129-00041461-00041777 widespread use shortly afterward less
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00130-00041778-00041993 common today as the tractor
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00131-00041994-00042423 configuration in this version the engine
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00132-00042424-00042671 and propeller are located at the front
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00133-00042672-00042954 of the aircraft ahead of the pilot and
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00134-00042955-00043321 rotor mast this was the primary
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00135-00043322-00043652 configuration in early autogyros but
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00136-00043653-00043932 became less common after the advent of
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00137-00043933-00044282 the helicopter it has enjoyed a revival
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00138-00044283-00045065 since the mid 1970s
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00139-00045066-00045621 topic history
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00140-00045622-00045996 juan de la cierva was a Spanish engineer
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00141-00045997-00046476 and aeronautical enthusiast in 1921 he
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00142-00046477-00046806 participated in a design competition to
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00143-00046807-00047022 develop a bomber for the Spanish
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00144-00047023-00047409 military de la cierva designed a
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00145-00047410-00047673 three-engined aircraft but during an
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00146-00047674-00047934 early test flight the Bombers stalled
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00147-00047935-00048369 and crashed de la cierva was troubled by
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00148-00048370-00048609 the stall phenomenon and vowed to
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00149-00048610-00048806 develop an aircraft that could fly
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00150-00048807-00049254 safely at low air speeds the result was
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00151-00049255-00049536 the first successful rotor craft which
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00152-00049537-00050067 he named autogyro in 1923 de la cierva
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00153-00050068-00050466 autogiro used an airplane fuselage with
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00154-00050467-00050754 a forward mounted propeller and engine a
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00155-00050755-00051051 rotor mounted on a mast and a horizontal
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00156-00051052-00051812 and vertical stabilizer
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00157-00051813-00052238 topic early development
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00158-00052239-00052405 you
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00159-00052407-00052725 juan de la cierva invented the modern
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00160-00052726-00053107 autogyro autogyro in spanish in the
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00161-00053108-00053307 early 1920s
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00162-00053308-00053696 his first three designs see point one
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00163-00053697-00054047 see point two and see point three were
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00164-00054048-00054337 unstable because of aerodynamic and
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00165-00054338-00054651 structural deficiencies in their rotors
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00166-00054652-00055022 his fourth design the see point four
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00167-00055023-00055312 made the first documented flight of an
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00168-00055313-00055791 autogyro on the 17th of January 1923
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00169-00055792-00056153 piloted by Alejandro Gomez Spencer at
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00170-00056154-00056486 cuatro Vientos airfield in Madrid Spain
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00171-00056487-00056887 the 9th of January according to cierva
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00172-00056888-00057236 de la cierva had fitted the rotor of the
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00173-00057237-00057560 see point 4 with flapping hinges to
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00174-00057561-00057913 attach each rotor blade to the hub the
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00175-00057914-00058192 flapping hinges allowed each rotor blade
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00176-00058194-00058472 to flap or move up and down to
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00177-00058473-00058790 compensate for dissymmetry of lift the
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00178-00058791-00059041 difference in lift produced between the
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00179-00059042-00059326 right and left sides of the rotor as the
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00180-00059327-00059753 autogyro moves forward three days later
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00181-00059754-00060086 the engine failed shortly after takeoff
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00182-00060087-00060379 and the aircraft descended slowly and
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00183-00060380-00060718 steeply to a safe landing validating de
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00184-00060719-00060803 la cierva
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00185-00060804-00061051 efforts to produce an aircraft that
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00186-00061052-00061463 could be flown safely at low air speeds
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00187-00061464-00061816 de la cierva developed his si point six
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00188-00061817-00062063 model with the assistance of Spain's
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00189-00062064-00062413 military aviation establishment having
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00190-00062414-00062699 expended all his funds on development
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00191-00062700-00062915 and construction of the first five
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00192-00062916-00063371 prototypes the C point six first flew in
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00193-00063372-00063866 February 1925 piloted by captain Joaquin
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00194-00063866-00064191 law riga including a flight of 10.5
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00195-00064192-00064447 kilometers
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00196-00064448-00064811 from cuatro Vientos airfield to get a
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00197-00064812-00065090 fait airfield in about eight minutes a
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00198-00065091-00065372 significant accomplishment for any rotor
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00199-00065373-00065771 craft of the time shortly after de la
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00200-00065772-00066073 cierva success with the C point six
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00201-00066074-00066412 cierva accepted an offer from Scottish
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00202-00066413-00066769 industrialist James G Weir to establish
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00203-00066770-00067066 the cierva autogiro company in England
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00204-00067067-00067400 following a demonstration of the C point
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00205-00067401-00067667 six before the British Air Ministry a
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00206-00067668-00068041 tray Farnborough on the 20th of October
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00207-00068042-00068498 1925 Britain had become the world center
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00208-00068499-00068790 of autogyro development
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00209-00068791-00069306 a crash in February 1926 caused by blade
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00210-00069307-00069609 root failure led to an improvement in
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00211-00069610-00070029 rotor hub design a drag hinge was added
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00212-00070030-00070275 in conjunction with the flapping hinge
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00213-00070276-00070584 to allow each blade to move four and aft
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00214-00070585-00070842 and relieve in-plane stresses generated
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00215-00070843-00071213 as a byproduct of the flapping motion
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00216-00071214-00071577 this development led to the cierva see
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00217-00071578-00071844 point eight which on the 18th of
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00218-00071845-00072195 September 1928 made the first rotor
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00219-00072196-00072426 craft crossing of the English Channel
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00220-00072427-00072755 followed by a tour of Europe
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00221-00072756-00073081 u.s. industrialist Harold Frederick
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00222-00073082-00073346 Pitcairn on learning of the successful
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00223-00073347-00073669 flights of the autogyro visited de la
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00224-00073670-00074212 cierva in Spain in 1928 he visited him
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00225-00074213-00074563 again in England after taking AC point
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00226-00074564-00074929 eight L IV test flight piloted by Arthur
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00227-00074930-00075412 HC a Rosson being particularly impressed
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00228-00075413-00075738 with the autogyros safe vertical descent
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00229-00075739-00076093 capability Pitcairn purchased AC point
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00230-00076094-00076494 8l IV with the right whirlwind engine
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00231-00076495-00076786 arriving in the united states on the
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00232-00076787-00077149 11th of December 1928 accompanied by
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00233-00077150-00077597 rosin this autogyro was redesignated c8
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00234-00077598-00078104 w subsequently production of autogyros
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00235-00078105-00078301 was licensed to a number of
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00236-00078302-00078598 manufacturers including the Pitcairn
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00237-00078599-00078880 autogyro company in the US and
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00238-00078881-00079143 focke-wulf of germany
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00239-00079144-00079653 in 1927 German engineer Engelbert sashka
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00240-00079654-00079913 invented a combined helicopter and
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00241-00079914-00080306 autogyro the principal advantage of the
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00242-00080307-00080588 sashka machine as in its ability to
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00243-00080589-00080853 remain motionless in the air for any
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00244-00080854-00081099 length of time and to descend in a
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00245-00081100-00081378 vertical line so that a landing may be
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00246-00081379-00081638 accomplished on the flat roof of a large
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00247-00081639-00082076 house in appearance the machine does not
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00248-00082077-00082343 differ much from the ordinary monoplane
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00249-00082344-00082592 but the carrying Wings revolve around
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00250-00082593-00082813 the body
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00251-00082814-00083156 development of the autogyro continued in
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00252-00083157-00083429 the search for a means to accelerate the
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00253-00083430-00083702 rotor prior to takeoff called pre
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00254-00083703-00084116 rotating rotor drives initially took the
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00255-00084117-00084353 form of a rope wrapped around the rotor
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00256-00084354-00084704 axle and then pulled by a team of men to
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00257-00084705-00084953 accelerate the rotor this was followed
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00258-00084954-00085286 by a long taxi to bring the rotor up to
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00259-00085287-00085522 speed sufficient for takeoff
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00260-00085523-00085883 the next innovation was flaps on the
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00261-00085884-00086099 tail to redirect the propeller
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00262-00086100-00086363 slipstream into the rotor while on the
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00263-00086364-00086765 ground this design was first tested on a
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00264-00086766-00087416 C point one nine in 1929 efforts in 1930
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00265-00087417-00087677 had shown that development of a light
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00266-00087678-00087941 and efficient mechanical transmission
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00267-00087942-00088369 was not a trivial undertaking but in
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00268-00088370-00088658 1932 the Pitcairn cierva autogiro
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00269-00088659-00089023 company of Willow Grove Pennsylvania
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00270-00089024-00089420 United States finally solved the problem
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00271-00089421-00089636 with the transmission driven by the
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00272-00089637-00090089 engine bull Aircraft Company produced
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00273-00090090-00090446 its bull a1 the first autogyro with
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00274-00090447-00090734 propulsive rear motor designed by
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00275-00090735-00091000 Etienne dorm Moy and meant for aerial
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00276-00091001-00091307 observation motor behind pilot and
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00277-00091308-00091676 camera it had its maiden flight on the
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00278-00091677-00092073 15th of December 1931
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00279-00092074-00092430 de la cierva 'he's early ato gyros were
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00280-00092431-00092760 fitted with fixed rotor hubs small fixed
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00281-00092761-00093081 wings and control surfaces like those of
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00282-00093082-00093480 a fixed-wing aircraft at low air speeds
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00283-00093481-00093759 the control surfaces became ineffective
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00284-00093760-00094023 and could readily lead to loss of
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00285-00094024-00094431 control particularly during landing in
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00286-00094432-00094773 response cierva developed a direct
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00287-00094774-00095064 control rotor hub which could be tilted
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00288-00095065-00095439 in any direction by the pilot de la
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00289-00095440-00095721 cierva x' direct control was first
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00290-00095722-00096167 developed on the cierva see point 1 9 MK
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00291-00096168-00096546 v and saw production on the cierva see
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00292-00096547-00097230 point 3-0 series of 1934 in March 1934
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00293-00097231-00097554 this type of autogyro became the first
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00294-00097555-00097851 rotor craft to take off and land on the
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00295-00097852-00098165 deck of a ship when AC point 3 0
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00296-00098166-00098490 performed trials on board the Spanish
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00297-00098491-00098741 Navy seaplane tender date a lo of
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00298-00098742-00099048 Valencia later that year during the
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00299-00099049-00099363 leftist Asturias revolt in October an
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00300-00099364-00099627 autogyro made a reconnaissance flight
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00301-00099628-00099927 for the loyal troops marking the first
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00302-00099928-00100179 military employment of a rotor craft
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00303-00100180-00100491 when improvements in helicopters made
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00304-00100492-00100827 them practical Auto gyros became largely
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00305-00100828-00101229 neglected also they were susceptible to
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00306-00101230-00101613 ground resonance they were however used
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00307-00101614-00102012 in the 1930s by major newspapers and by
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00308-00102013-00102288 the United States Postal Service for the
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00309-00102289-00102536 mail service between the Camden New
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00310-00102538-00102804 Jersey Airport and the top of the post
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00311-00102805-00103038 office building in downtown Philadelphia
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00312-00103039-00103309 Pennsylvania
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00313-00103310-00103723 you
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00314-00103724-00104326 topic World War two
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00315-00104327-00104504 the Avro rota
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00316-00104505-00104852 Oh gyro a military version of the cierva
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00317-00104853-00105152 see point three zero was used by the
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00318-00105153-00105456 Royal Air Force to calibrate coastal
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00319-00105457-00105716 radar stations during and after the
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00320-00105717-00105986 Battle of Britain in World War two
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00321-00105987-00106347 Germany pioneered a very small gyro
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00322-00106348-00106726 glider rotor kite the eight gelus F
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00323-00106727-00107273 a330 box tells water wagtail towed by
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00324-00107274-00107675 u-boats to provide aerial surveillance
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00325-00107676-00108028 the Imperial Japanese army developed the
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00326-00108029-00108384 Kayaba kawan autogyro for reconnaissance
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00327-00108385-00108698 artillery spotting and an to submarine
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00328-00108699-00109082 uses the call one was based on the
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00329-00109083-00109471 Kellett kd1 first imported to japan in
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00330-00109472-00109898 1938 the craft was initially developed
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00331-00109899-00110246 for use as an observation platform and
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00332-00110247-00110641 for artillery spotting duties the army
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00333-00110642-00110951 liked the crafts short takeoff span and
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00334-00110952-00111165 especially its low maintenance
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00335-00111166-00111644 requirements production began in 1941
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00336-00111645-00111950 with the machines assigned to artillery
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00337-00111951-00112266 units for spotting the fall of shells
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00338-00112267-00112654 these carried two crewmen a pilot and a
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00339-00112655-00112791 spotter
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00340-00112792-00113174 later the Japanese army commissioned two
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00341-00113175-00113465 small aircraft carriers intended for
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00342-00113466-00113957 coastal and to submarine ASW duties the
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00343-00113958-00114233 spotters position on the Col one was
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00344-00114233-00114598 modified to carry one small depth charge
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00345-00114599-00115118 call 1-800 gyros operated from shore
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00346-00115119-00115465 bases as well as the two small carriers
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00347-00115466-00115781 they appear to have been responsible for
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00348-00115782-00116139 at least one submarine sinking
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00349-00116140-00116619 in Russia the cam of a 7-3 a autogyro
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00350-00116620-00116904 was the first armed autogyro to see
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00351-00116905-00117296 combat action during the winter war of
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00352-00117297-00117723 1939 40 and a7 passed its combat
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00353-00117724-00118017 christening in finland where it was used
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00354-00118018-00118442 to coordinate artillery fire later in
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00355-00118443-00118878 1941 after the German invasion cam avais
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00356-00118879-00119193 Evans performed artillery spotting in a
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00357-00119194-00119504 battle near L may but it's low speed and
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00358-00119505-00119838 a lack of fighter escort made the a7 an
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00359-00119839-00120198 easy target for the Germans they then
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00360-00120199-00120570 switched to night operations and in 1942
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00361-00120571-00120908 a seven Auto gyros worked supporting
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00362-00120909-00121203 military groups performing harassment
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00363-00121204-00121458 bombings and supplying guerillas with
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00364-00121458-00122009 cargo topic post-war developments the
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00365-00122010-00122316 autogyro was resurrected after world war
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00366-00122317-00122708 ii when dr. igor Benson a Russian
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00367-00122709-00123000 immigrant in the u.s. saw a captured
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00368-00123001-00123444 German u-boat Zef a 330 gyro glider and
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00369-00123445-00123854 was fascinated by its characteristics at
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00370-00123855-00124173 work he was tasked with the analysis of
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00371-00124174-00124443 the British military road to shoot gyro
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00372-00124444-00124773 glider designed by expatriate Austrian
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00373-00124774-00125172 Raoul Hafner this led him to adapt the
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00374-00125173-00125404 design for his own purposes and
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00375-00125405-00125963 eventually market the Benson b7 in 1955
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00376-00125964-00126324 Benson submitted an improved version the
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00377-00126325-00126659 Benson be 8 M for testing to the United
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00378-00126660-00126974 States Air Force which designated it the
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00379-00126975-00127443 x.25 the b8 M was designed to use
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00380-00127444-00127760 surplus McCulloch engines used on flying
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00381-00127761-00128148 unmanned target drones ken Wallace
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00382-00128149-00128502 developed a miniature autogyro craft the
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00383-00128503-00128919 Wallace autogyro in England in the 1960s
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00384-00128920-00129246 and autogyros built similar to Wallace
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00385-00129247-00129472 design appeared for a number
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00386-00129473-00129865 of years Ken Wallace designs have been
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00387-00129866-00130174 used in various scenarios including
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00388-00130175-00130477 military training police reconnaissance
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00389-00130478-00130665 and in a search for the Loch Ness
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00390-00130666-00131036 monster as well as an appearance in the
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00391-00131038-00131422 1967 James Bond movie You Only Live
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00392-00131423-00131538 Twice
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00393-00131539-00131890 three different autogyro designs have
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00394-00131891-00132189 been certified by the Federal Aviation
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00395-00132190-00132412 Administration for commercial production
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00396-00132413-00132953 the humble u18 Air and Space 18 a of
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00397-00132954-00133553 1965 the avian two to 180 gyroplane of
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00398-00133554-00134143 1967 and the McCulloch j2 of 1972 all
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00399-00134144-00134410 have been commercial failures for
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00400-00134411-00135026 various reasons
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00401-00135027-00135664 topic Bentsen gyrocopter
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00402-00135665-00136033 the basic Benson gyrocopter design as a
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00403-00136034-00136324 simple frame of square aluminium or
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00404-00136325-00136675 galvanized steel tubing reinforced with
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00405-00136676-00137023 triangles of lighter tubing it is
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00406-00137024-00137304 arranged so that the stress falls on the
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00407-00137305-00137641 tubes or special fittings not the bolts
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00408-00137642-00138022 a front to back keel mounts a steerable
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00409-00138023-00138367 nose wheel seat engine and a vertical
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00410-00138368-00138748 stabilizer outlying main wheels are
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00411-00138749-00139087 mounted on an axle some versions may
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00412-00139088-00139360 mount see plain style floats for water
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00413-00139361-00139587 operations
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00414-00139588-00139945 Bentsen type autogyros use a pusher
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00415-00139946-00140239 configuration for simplicity and to
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00416-00140240-00140617 increase visibility for the pilot power
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00417-00140618-00140985 can be supplied by a variety of engines
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00418-00140986-00141331 mcculloch drone engines Rotax marine
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00419-00141332-00141667 engines Subaru automobile engines and
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00420-00141668-00141964 other designs have been used in benson
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00421-00141965-00142246 type designs the rotor is mounted atop
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00422-00142247-00142645 the vertical mast the rotor system of
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00423-00142646-00142960 all benson type auto gyros as of a two
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00424-00142961-00143331 blade teetering design there are some
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00425-00143332-00143626 disadvantages associated with this rotor
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00426-00143627-00143908 design but the simplicity of the rotor
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00427-00143909-00144211 design lends itself to ease of assembly
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00428-00144212-00144442 and maintenance and as one of the
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00429-00144443-00144811 reasons for its popularity aircraft
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00430-00144812-00145126 quality birch was specified in early
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00431-00145127-00145393 Benson designs and the wood steel
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00432-00145394-00145663 composite as used in the world speed
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00433-00145664-00146095 record holding Wallis design gyroplane
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00434-00146096-00146311 rotor blades are made from other
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00435-00146312-00146680 materials such as aluminium and GRP
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00436-00146681-00146974 based composite Benson's success
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00437-00146975-00147280 triggered a number of other designs some
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00438-00147281-00147505 of them fatally flawed with an offset
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00439-00147506-00147811 between the center of gravity and thrust
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00440-00147812-00148177 line risking a power push over PPO or
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00441-00148178-00148531 bunt over causing death to the pilot and
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00442-00148532-00148828 giving gyroplanes in general a poor
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00443-00148829-00149146 reputation in contrast to sere VA's
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00444-00149147-00149508 original intention and early statistics
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00445-00149509-00149893 most new auto gyros are now safe from
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00446-00149894-00150123 PPO
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00447-00150124-00150471 you
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00448-00150472-00151291 topic 21st century development and use
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00449-00151292-00151732 in 2002 a grown brothers Aviation's Hawk
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00450-00151733-00152041 4 provided perimeter patrol for the
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00451-00152042-00152344 Winter Olympics and Paralympics in Salt
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00452-00152345-00152857 Lake City Utah the aircraft completed 67
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00453-00152858-00153202 missions and accumulated 75 hours of
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00454-00153203-00153463 maintenance free flight time during its
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00455-00153464-00153817 90-day operational contract worldwide
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00456-00153818-00154192 over 1,000 autogyros are used by
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00457-00154193-00154441 authorities for military and law
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00458-00154442-00154807 enforcement the first u.s. police
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00459-00154808-00155101 authorities to evaluate an autogyro
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00460-00155102-00155475 where the Tomball Texas police on a
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00461-00155476-00155857 $40,000 grant from DOJ together with
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00462-00155858-00156145 city funds costing much less than a
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00463-00156146-00156621 helicopter to buy $75,000 and operate
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00464-00156622-00157087 $50 per hour although it is able to land
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00465-00157088-00157407 in 40 knot crosswinds a minor accident
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00466-00157408-00157693 happened when the rotor was not kept
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00467-00157694-00158024 under control in a wind gust
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00468-00158025-00158515 since 2009 several projects in Kurdistan
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00469-00158516-00158989 Iraq have been realized in 2010 the
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00470-00158990-00159289 first autogyro was handed over to the
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00471-00159290-00159628 Kurdish Minister of interiors mr. Kareem
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00472-00159629-00160010 Sinjar II the project for the interior
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00473-00160011-00160283 ministry was to train pilots to control
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00474-00160284-00160591 and monitor the approach and takeoff
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00475-00160592-00160946 paths of the airports in Erbil Sulaiman
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00476-00160947-00161214 ayah and dough hook to prevent terrorist
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00477-00161215-00161653 encroachments the gyroplane pilots also
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00478-00161654-00161929 form the backbone of the pilot crew of
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00479-00161930-00162170 the Kurdish police who are trained to
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00480-00162171-00162568 pile it on eurocopter ec 120 b
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00481-00162569-00162913 helicopters in an 18-month period from
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00482-00162914-00163358 2009 to 2010 the German pilot couple
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00483-00163359-00163676 Melanie and andreia studs for undertook
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00484-00163677-00163990 the first world tour by autogyro in
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00485-00163991-00164219 which they flew several different
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00486-00164220-00164501 gyroplane types in Europe Southern
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00487-00164502-00164852 Africa Australia New Zealand the United
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00488-00164853-00165296 States and South America the adventure
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00489-00165297-00165863 was documented in the book wel TfL ug
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00490-00165864-00166394 the gyroplane dream and in the film welt
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00491-00166395-00167391 flood dot TV the gyrocopter world tour
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00492-00167392-00167853 topic certification by national aviation
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00493-00167854-00168344 authorities
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00494-00168345-00168762 topic UK certification some autogyros
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00495-00168763-00169242 such as the rotor sport MTO 3 MTO sport
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00496-00169243-00169548 open tandem and khalid Asst enclosed
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00497-00169549-00169992 tandem and the Magni gyro m16 c open
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00498-00169993-00170481 tandem an m24 enclosed side-by-side have
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00499-00170482-00170742 Type Approval by the United Kingdom
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00500-00170743-00171126 Civil Aviation Authority CAA under
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00501-00171127-00171338 British civil airworthiness requirements
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00502-00171339-00171936 CA P 643 section T others operate under
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00503-00171937-00172221 a permit to fly issued by the popular
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00504-00172222-00172532 flying Association similar to the u.s.
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00505-00172533-00172871 experimental aircraft certification
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00506-00172872-00173250 however the CIA's assertion that Auto
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00507-00173251-00173571 gyros have a poor safety record means
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00508-00173572-00173832 that a permit to fly will be granted
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00509-00173833-00174228 only to existing types of autogyro all
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00510-00174229-00174582 new types of autogyro must be submitted
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00511-00174583-00175080 for full type approval under CA P 643
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00512-00175081-00175497 section T beginning in 2014 the CAA
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00513-00175498-00175863 allows uro flight over congested areas
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00514-00175864-00176298 in 2005 the CAA issued a mandatory
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00515-00176299-00176694 permit directive MPD which restricted
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00516-00176695-00177042 operations for single-seat autogyros and
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00517-00177043-00177449 were subsequently integrated into CA P
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00518-00177450-00177825 643 issue 3 published on the 12th of
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00519-00177826-00178239 August 2005 the restrictions are
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00520-00178240-00178473 concerned with the offset between the
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00521-00178474-00178764 center of gravity and thrust line and
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00522-00178765-00179058 apply to all aircraft and less evidence
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00523-00179059-00179268 as presented to the CAA
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00524-00179269-00179610 that the CG thrust line offset as less
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00525-00179611-00179931 than 2 inches 5 centimeters in either
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00526-00179932-00180101 direction
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00527-00180102-00180359 the restrictions are summarized as
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00528-00180360-00180668 follows aircraft with a cockpit nacelle
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00529-00180669-00181010 may be operated only by pilots with more
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00530-00181011-00181319 than 50 hours solo flight experience
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00531-00181320-00181621 following the issue of their license
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00532-00181622-00181982 open frame aircraft are restricted to a
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00533-00181983-00182366 minimum speed of 30 miles per hour 26
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00534-00182367-00182735 knots except in the flare all aircraft
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00535-00182736-00183062 are restricted to a V any maximum
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00536-00183063-00183149 airspeed
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00537-00183150-00183602 of 70 miles per hour 61 knots flight is
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00538-00183603-00183875 not permitted when surface winds exceed
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00539-00183876-00184094 17 miles per hour
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00540-00184095-00184430 15 knots or if the gusts bread exceeds
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00541-00184431-00184829 12 miles per hour 10 knots flight as not
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00542-00184830-00185083 permitted in moderate severe or extreme
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00543-00185084-00185411 turbulence and airspeed must be reduced
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00544-00185412-00185852 to 63 miles per hour 55 knots
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00545-00185853-00186122 if turbulence as encountered mid-flight
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00546-00186123-00186425 these restrictions do not apply to auto
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00547-00186426-00186955 gyros with Type Approval under CAA c.a.p
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00548-00186956-00187328 643 section t which are subject to the
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00549-00187329-00187616 operating limits specified in the Type
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00550-00187617-00188213 Approval
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00551-00188214-00188911 topic United States certification
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00552-00188912-00189247 a certificated autogyro must meet
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00553-00189248-00189583 mandated stability and control criteria
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00554-00189584-00189898 in the United States these are set forth
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00555-00189899-00190315 in Federal Aviation Regulations part 27
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00556-00190316-00190600 air worthiness standards normal category
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00557-00190601-00190846 rotorcraft
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00558-00190847-00191227 the US Federal Aviation Administration
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00559-00191228-00191404 issues a standard airworthiness
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00560-00191405-00191820 certificate to qualified autogyros
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00561-00191821-00192160 amateur-built or kit-built aircraft are
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00562-00192161-00192397 operated under a special airworthiness
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00563-00192398-00192786 certificate in the experimental category
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00564-00192787-00193255 for far one-point-one the faa uses the
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00565-00193256-00193689 term gyroplane for all auto gyros
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00566-00193690-00193918 regardless of the type of airworthiness
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00567-00193919-00194551 certificate
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00568-00194552-00195177 Topic World Records
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00569-00195178-00195693 in 1931 Amelia Earhart USA flew a
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00570-00195694-00196068 Pitcairn PCA to to a woman's world
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00571-00196069-00196791 altitude record of 18,000 415 feet 5613
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00572-00196792-00197157 meters wing commander Ken Wallace UK
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00573-00197158-00197478 held most of the autogyro world records
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00574-00197479-00197895 during his autogyro flying career these
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00575-00197896-00198195 include a time to climb a speed record
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00576-00198196-00198879 of 189 km/h 111 point 7 miles per hour
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00577-00198880-00199214 and the straight-line distance record of
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00578-00199215-00199767 869 point to 3 kilometres 540 point 1 1
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00579-00199768-00200376 miles on the 16th of November 2002 at 89
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00580-00200377-00200685 years of age Wallace increased the speed
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00581-00200686-00201390 record to 207 point 7 km/h 129 point one
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00582-00201391-00201732 miles per hour and simultaneously set
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00583-00201733-00202023 another world record as the oldest pilot
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00584-00202024-00202470 to set a world record the autogyro as
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00585-00202471-00202701 one of the last remaining types of
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00586-00202702-00202992 aircraft which has not yet been used to
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00587-00202993-00203358 circumnavigate the globe expedition
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00588-00203359-00203634 Global Eagle was the first attempt in
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00589-00203635-00203850 history to circumnavigate the globe
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00590-00203851-00204089 using an autogyro
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00591-00204090-00204426 the expedition set the record for the
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00592-00204427-00204741 longest flight over water by an autogyro
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00593-00204742-00205098 during the segment from Muscat Oman to
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00594-00205098-00205473 Karachi the attempt was finally
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00595-00205473-00205694 abandoned because of bad weather
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00596-00205696-00206144 after a trip totalling 7,500 miles
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00597-00206144-00206503 12,000 100 kilometers
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00598-00206504-00207015 as of 2014 Andrew peach USA holds
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00599-00207016-00207333 several records he made a
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00600-00207334-00207526 transcontinental flight in his
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00601-00207527-00207819 self-built little wing autogyro
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00602-00207819-00207958 Woodstock
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00603-00207959-00208327 from Kitty Hawk North Carolina to San
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00604-00208328-00208801 Diego California in October 2003 and set
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00605-00208802-00209080 three world records for speed over a
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00606-00209081-00209479 recognized course the three records were
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00607-00209480-00209769 verified by tower personnel or by
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00608-00209771-00210052 official observers of the United States
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00609-00210053-00210419 National Aeronautics Association gnaw on
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00610-00210421-00210916 the 9th of February 2006 he broke two of
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00611-00210917-00211194 his world records and set a record for
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00612-00211196-00211494 distance ratified by the fédération
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00613-00211496-00211906 aéronautique Internationale FAI speed
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00614-00211907-00212304 over a closed circuit of 500 kilometers
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00615-00212305-00212854 311 miles without payload 168 point 2 9
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00616-00212855-00213387 km/h 104 point five seven miles per hour
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00617-00213388-00213754 speed over a closed circuit of 1000
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00618-00213755-00214392 kilometers 621 miles without payload 160
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00619-00214392-00215026 5.07 km/h 102 point 5 7 miles per hour
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00620-00215027-00215317 and distance over a closed circuit
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00621-00215317-00216276 without landing 1,019.00 m
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00622-00216277-00216764 on the 7th of November 2015 the Italian
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00623-00216765-00217062 astrophysicist and pilot Donatella Ricci
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00624-00217063-00217446 took off with a Magna Giro m16 from the
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00625-00217446-00217769 capacity rode Rome in Venice aiming to
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00626-00217771-00218039 set a new altitude world record
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00627-00218040-00218316 she reached an altitude of eight
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00628-00218317-00218567 thousand one hundred thirty eight point
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00629-00218569-00218865 four six meters twenty six thousand
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00630-00218866-00219123 seven hundred one feet breaking the
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00631-00219123-00219414 women's world altitude record held for
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00632-00219415-00219825 eighty-four years by Amelia Earhart the
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00633-00219826-00220134 following day she increased the altitude
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00634-00220135-00220551 by a further 261 meters reaching eight
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00635-00220552-00220748 thousand three hundred ninety nine
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00636-00220750-00221031 meters twenty-seven thousand five
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00637-00221032-00221319 hundred fifty six feet setting the new
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00638-00221319-00221660 altitude world record with an autogyro
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00639-00221661-00221988 she improved by three hundred fifty
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00640-00221989-00222333 meters plus four point three percent the
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00641-00222334-00222615 preceding record established by andrew
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00642-00222616-00223094 key in 2004 norman surplus from Larne in
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00643-00223096-00223353 northern ireland became the second
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00644-00223354-00223580 person to attempt a world
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00645-00223581-00223905 circumnavigation by autogyro aircraft on
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00646-00223906-00224292 the 22nd of march 2010 flying a rotor
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00647-00224292-00224771 sport ukmto three autogyro registered g
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00648-00224773-00225261 yr o x surplus was unable to get
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00649-00225262-00225456 permission to enter Russian airspace
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00650-00225457-00225831 from Japan but he established nine World
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00651-00225832-00226125 autogyro records on his flight between
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00652-00226126-00226587 Northern Ireland and Japan FAI World
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00653-00226588-00226998 Records for autogyro flight
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00654-00227000-00227369 gyr Oh X was delayed by the Russian
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00655-00227369-00227692 impasse in Japan for over three years
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00656-00227694-00227981 before being shipped across the Pacific
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00657-00227982-00228496 to the state of Oregon USA in June 2015
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00658-00228498-00228871 surplus flew across the continental USA
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00659-00228873-00229151 flew through northern Canada Greenland
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00660-00229152-00229496 and in late July August made the first
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00661-00229496-00229754 and to date only crossing of the North
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00662-00229755-00230087 Atlantic by autogyro aircraft to land
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00663-00230088-00230398 back in Larne Northern Ireland on the
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00664-00230400-00230873 11th of August 2015 he established a
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00665-00230873-00231176 further ten FAI World Records during
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00666-00231177-00231355 this phase of the circumnavigation
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00667-00231356-00232019 flight
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00668-00232019-00232805 topic autogyros in popular culture
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00669-00232806-00233138 since their invention Auto gyros have
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00670-00233139-00233476 appeared in many works of fiction
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00671-00233477-00233810 appearances where the autogyro features
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00672-00233811-00234046 as a significant part of the story
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00673-00234048-00234567 include in the film International House
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00674-00234569-00235021 1933 WC Fields as character flies around
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00675-00235023-00235358 the globe in his autogyro the spirit of
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00676-00235359-00235519 Brooklyn
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00677-00235519-00235971 in It Happened One Night 1934 starring
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00678-00235973-00236232 Clark Gable his love interests
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00679-00236233-00236500 husband-to-be arrives at the wedding in
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00680-00236501-00236910 a Calot k3 autogyro North Carolina one
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00681-00236911-00237363 two six nine one this was a particularly
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00682-00237364-00237609 high-profile movie as it was the first
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00683-00237610-00237898 to win the so-called big five Academy
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00684-00237898-00238132 Awards
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00685-00238133-00238470 Batman's first aircraft was an autogyro
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00686-00238471-00238994 the bat gyro was introduced in Detective
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00687-00238994-00239553 Comics number 31 in September 1939
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00688-00239554-00239894 fictional characters Doc Savage and the
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00689-00239894-00240196 shadow featured Auto gyros in their
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00690-00240196-00240650 1930s and 1940s pulp magazine adventures
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00691-00240651-00240979 as did Tom strong in his pulp styled
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00692-00240980-00241289 comic little Nellie the autogyro
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00693-00241290-00241732 featured in the 1967 James Bond film You
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00694-00241733-00242098 Only Live Twice was a Ken Wallace Wow
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00695-00242098-00242503 116 design and was piloted by Wallace in
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00696-00242504-00242869 its film scenes in the film it was
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00697-00242871-00243178 shipped by Q in four suitcases and
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00698-00243179-00243508 assembled before use in the film Mad Max
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00699-00243509-00243928 2 1981 the character known simply as
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00700-00243929-00244306 Euro captain pilots a gyrocopter powered
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00701-00244307-00244742 by a VW air-cooled engine in The
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00702-00244742-00245177 Rocketeer 1991 a Pitcairn PCA
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00703-00245178-00245462 - makes a timely appearance as an
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00704-00245463-00245692 airship explodes
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00705-00245694-00246009 an autogyro pilot known as the
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00706-00246010-00246481 gyrocopter is a character in dota 2 a
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00707-00246482-00247294 multiplayer online battle arena
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00708-00247296-00247878 topic see also
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00709-00247879-00248363 Carter copter Carter path
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00710-00248364-00249319 Asian fairey rotodyne gyrodyne Powell V
+Vcp4Kg93jtu-00711-00249319-00249748 piaseki Aircraft Corporation
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00000-00000008-00000231 oh i'm just old enough to remember how
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00001-00000231-00000519 amazing it was to get a new vcr that
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00002-00000520-00000790 could be programmed to record a specific
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00003-00000791-00001023 channel at a specific time that was a
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00004-00001024-00001350 magical age i wasn't the biggest fan of
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00005-00001351-00001550 tivo though i was enough of a nerd to
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00006-00001551-00001767 build my own pc with a monster-sized
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00007-00001768-00002023 hard drive and a capture card to record
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00008-00002023-00002279 tv instead nowadays so much content is
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00009-00002280-00002567 arriving on streaming and on-demand
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00010-00002568-00002775 style services we have to ask our
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00011-00002776-00002887 audience
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00012-00002888-00003147 do you still need a dvr
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00013-00003148-00003631 [Music]
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00014-00003632-00003863 and while you're clearing out old
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00015-00003864-00004143 seasons of 24 to free up some space on
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00016-00004144-00004447 your tivo we hope you'll make some time
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00017-00004448-00004647 to catch up with all the work here on
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00018-00004648-00004943 reviews.org you don't need to record
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00019-00004944-00005118 anything just hit those subscribe
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00020-00005119-00005295 options down below give us a follow
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00021-00005296-00005479 around the socials we've got a really
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00022-00005480-00005679 great team of people making you some
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00023-00005680-00005895 really fun stuff okay chatting out this
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00024-00005896-00006206 idea i was kind of shocked to see that
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00025-00006207-00006518 tivo was still a thing now a dvr for
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00026-00006519-00006687 some of you younger folks out there in
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00027-00006688-00006967 our audience is basically an appliance
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00028-00006968-00007127 computer it was the size of a small
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00029-00007128-00007342 receiver or a game console and all it
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00030-00007343-00007591 did was give you a channel lineup and
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00031-00007592-00007919 record shows kind of like an ipod for
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00032-00007920-00008207 recording live tv you could get a name
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00033-00008208-00008399 brand like tivo where you could get a
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00034-00008400-00008567 box from your cable or satellite
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00035-00008568-00008919 provider and like an ipod we would make
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00036-00008920-00009206 a big deal out of well how many shows
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00037-00009207-00009439 can it hold it's just a really easy way
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00038-00009440-00009710 for companies to kind of hide different
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00039-00009711-00009919 tiers of storage so you could get
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00040-00009920-00010103 charged ridiculous amounts of money for
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00041-00010104-00010406 a slightly larger hard drive and you
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00042-00010407-00010638 weren't allowed to pop open the case and
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00043-00010639-00010855 install a new hard drive yourself on top
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00044-00010856-00011055 of that you didn't just own the box you
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00045-00011056-00011319 also likely had to pay a subscription to
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00046-00011320-00011542 get up-to-date channel information which
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00047-00011543-00011831 was freely available back then but i
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00048-00011832-00012159 don't know convenience or something you
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00049-00012160-00012423 might be able to tell from my tone how i
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00050-00012424-00012759 feel about dvrs i wasn't a huge fan i
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00051-00012760-00012974 ran a custom computer back in the day
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00052-00012975-00013199 which did the same thing with no
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00053-00013200-00013486 subscription costs i was able to control
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00054-00013487-00013679 the size of the hard drive and it wasn't
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00055-00013680-00013935 very expensive putting in a much larger
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00056-00013936-00014175 drive my parents had a dvd burning box
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00057-00014176-00014399 that was roughly the same as a super
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00058-00014400-00014599 premium vcr
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00059-00014600-00014703 also
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00060-00014704-00014919 no subscription costs i just never
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00061-00014919-00015127 really saw the benefit nowadays
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00062-00015128-00015319 streaming and on demand have made cord
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00063-00015319-00015503 cutting an attractive proposition to
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00064-00015504-00015815 traditional cable and dvr solutions in
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00065-00015816-00016086 our home we're back on the youtube tv
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00066-00016087-00016319 and i guess that means we have a cloud
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00067-00016319-00016607 dvr even that's not always perfect
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00068-00016608-00016830 youtube bought the last episode of
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00069-00016831-00017030 better call the last 15 minutes were
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00070-00017031-00017230 just gone but at the time of broadcast
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00071-00017231-00017439 there was already an on-demand version
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00072-00017440-00017783 available to stream i didn't really need
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00073-00017784-00018007 to record the episode in real time when
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00074-00018008-00018294 it broadcast in my time zone so back to
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00075-00018295-00018607 my shock at t-vobe still being around
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00076-00018608-00018855 the business model makes increasingly
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00077-00018856-00019111 less sense to me as we make media more
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00078-00019112-00019319 portable we have better tools in our
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00079-00019320-00019550 phones and streaming sticks and
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00080-00019551-00019750 computers to time
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00081-00019751-00020175 and location shift live tv you can still
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00082-00020176-00020471 buy an appliance that sits under your tv
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00083-00020472-00020686 and has its own silly remote with a ton
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00084-00020687-00020958 of buttons on it a tivo for cable will
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00085-00020959-00021271 cost between 200 and 400 dollars for the
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00086-00021272-00021599 basic box with a storage drive and then
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00087-00021600-00022071 you pay either 15 a month 150 a year
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00088-00022072-00022147 or
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00089-00022148-00022494 550 dollars for a lifetime license to
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00090-00022495-00022711 use the tivo service and channel guide
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00091-00022712-00022975 now i get it youtube tv not as cheap a
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00092-00022976-00023150 deal as it used to be and if you buy
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00093-00023151-00023375 this whole tivo setup outright with a
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00094-00023376-00023583 lifetime subscription that's it's kind
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00095-00023584-00023975 of like 15 months of youtube dvr but
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00096-00023976-00024319 youtube tv is both the broadcast
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00097-00024320-00024599 and the dvr where with the tivo you
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00098-00024600-00024863 still need to pay for cable tv
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00099-00024864-00025094 on top of the tivo service i'm just
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00100-00025095-00025311 saying the pricing can get a little
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00101-00025312-00025527 messy for your pocketbook so it should
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00102-00025528-00025758 be no surprise that the newest product
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00103-00025760-00026022 from tivo is a 4k dongle which is
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00104-00026023-00026262 basically a chromecast with google tv
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00105-00026263-00026574 built in for forty dollars and it still
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00106-00026575-00026879 comes with the more complicated remote
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00107-00026880-00027118 for all you fans of additional buttons
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00108-00027119-00027446 but no additional subscription costs
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00109-00027447-00027639 because it's designed to work with
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00110-00027639-00027911 streaming apps and youtube tv it's
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00111-00027912-00028087 honestly not a bad price for a 4k
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00112-00028088-00028302 streaming dongle about the only nice
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00113-00028304-00028383 thing
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00114-00028383-00028590 i can say about a dvr
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00115-00028591-00028902 it could be useful in the rare situation
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00116-00028904-00029167 where you find yourself without a home
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00117-00029168-00029511 data connection but you still have power
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00118-00029512-00029743 in your home so i guess my wife could
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00119-00029744-00029927 still watch old episodes of love it or
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00120-00029927-00030167 listed while we wait for spectrum to
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00121-00030168-00030455 restore our internet connection that's
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00122-00030456-00030767 such a specific use case i don't usually
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00123-00030768-00030895 like saying
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00124-00030895-00031207 no on a product category like this but i
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00125-00031208-00031567 genuinely feel the old model of the dvr
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00126-00031568-00031814 has outlived its usefulness making your
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00127-00031816-00032087 own video recording solution can be a
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00128-00032088-00032390 fun geeky project or web services can
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00129-00032391-00032662 often replicate the experience if not
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00130-00032663-00032967 improve on the experience so yeah i
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00131-00032968-00033223 think it's time i think it's time
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00132-00033224-00033495 to let the dvr go but that's where we
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00133-00033496-00033695 need to hear from you because maybe i
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00134-00033696-00033855 have this all wrong
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00135-00033856-00034095 maybe i've overlooked something critical
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00136-00034096-00034343 and this whole video is off the mark
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00137-00034344-00034607 i look forward to the spiciest of hot
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00138-00034608-00034911 takes down in the comments below as
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00139-00034912-00035055 always thanks so much for watching for
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00140-00035056-00035246 sharing these videos and subscribing to
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00141-00035247-00035431 the channel for reviews.org i'm juan
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00142-00035432-00035743 carlos bagnell aka some gadget guy and i
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00143-00035744-00035895 will catch you all
+VdvQZ8bIMCI-00144-00035896-00036252 on the next video
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00000-00000038-00000416 Hugo knows huger knots also UK knows
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00001-00000417-00000749 French why no were a religious group of
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00002-00000750-00001054 French Protestants Hugo knows were
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00003-00001055-00001244 French Protestants who held to the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00004-00001245-00001541 reformed tradition of Protestantism the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00005-00001542-00001814 term has its origin in early 16 th
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00006-00001814-00002117 century France it was frequently used in
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00007-00002118-00002293 reference to those of the Reformed
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00008-00002294-00002485 Church of France from the time of the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00009-00002486-00002816 Protestant Reformation by contrast the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00010-00002817-00003050 Protestant populations of Eastern France
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00011-00003051-00003329 in Alsace Moselle and mongoliad were
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00012-00003329-00003626 mainly German Lutheran's in his
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00013-00003627-00003869 encyclopedia of Protestantism pants
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00014-00003870-00004090 Hillebrand said that on the eve of the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00015-00004092-00004274 sand Bartholomew's Day Massacre
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00016-00004275-00004604 in 1572 the Hyuga no community included
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00017-00004605-00004872 as much as 10% of the French population
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00018-00004873-00005311 by 1600 it had declined to 7 to 8% and
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00019-00005312-00005534 was reduced further after the return of
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00020-00005535-00005888 severe persecution in 1685 under louis
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00021-00005889-00006247 xiv ceded to Fontainebleau the Hyuga
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00022-00006248-00006454 notes were believed to be concentrated
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00023-00006455-00006662 among the population in the southern and
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00024-00006663-00006859 western parts of the kingdom of France
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00025-00006859-00007181 as Hugo knows gained influence and more
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00026-00007181-00007400 openly displayed the faith Catholic
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00027-00007401-00007712 hostility grew a series of religious
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00028-00007713-00007924 conflicts followed known as the French
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00029-00007925-00008149 Wars of Religion fought intermittently
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00030-00008150-00008567 from 1560 to to 1598 the Hyuga notes
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00031-00008568-00008834 were led by Jean Dahl Brett her son the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00032-00008835-00009035 future Henry the fourth who would later
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00033-00009036-00009263 convert to Catholicism in order to
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00034-00009264-00009574 become king and the princes of Conde the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00035-00009575-00009791 wars ended with the Edict of Nantes
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00036-00009792-00010024 granted the Hyuga nose substantial
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00037-00010025-00010189 religious political and military
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00038-00010190-00010612 autonomy Hugo no rebellions in the 1620s
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00039-00010613-00010831 resulted in the abolition of their
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00040-00010832-00011123 political and military privileges they
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00041-00011124-00011327 retained the religious provisions of the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00042-00011328-00011435 Edict of Nantes
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00043-00011436-00011728 till the rule of louis xiv who gradually
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00044-00011729-00011969 increased persecution of Protestantism
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00045-00011970-00012134 until he issued the Edict of
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00046-00012135-00012491 Fontainebleau 1685 this ended legal
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00047-00012492-00012734 recognition of Protestantism in France
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00048-00012735-00012929 and the Hyuga notes were forced either
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00049-00012930-00013172 to convert to Catholicism possibly as
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00050-00013172-00013426 Nicodemus or flee as refugee
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00051-00013427-00013615 they were subject to Vaughn and Dragan
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00052-00013616-00013947 aids louis xiv claimed that the French
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00053-00013949-00014182 Huguenot population was reduced from
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00054-00014183-00014533 about 800,000 to 900,000 adherents to
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00055-00014534-00014991 just 1000 to 1500 he exaggerated the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00056-00014993-00015172 decline but the dragon aids were
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00057-00015172-00015382 devastating for the French Protestant
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00058-00015383-00015468 community
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00059-00015469-00015775 the remaining Hugo knows faced continued
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00060-00015776-00016069 persecution under Louis the 15th by the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00061-00016069-00016441 time of his death in 1774 Calvinism had
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00062-00016442-00016710 been nearly eliminated from France
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00063-00016711-00016948 persecution of Protestants officially
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00064-00016949-00017125 ended with the Edict of Versailles
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00065-00017126-00017602 signed by louis xvi in 1787 two years
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00066-00017603-00017844 later with the revolutionary Declaration
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00067-00017845-00017998 of the Rights of Man and of the citizen
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00068-00017999-00018349 of 1789 Protestants gained equal rights
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00069-00018350-00018969 as citizens
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00070-00018970-00019671 topic etymology the term used originally
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00071-00019672-00019779 in derision
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00072-00019780-00020069 Hyuga no has unclear origins various
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00073-00020070-00020333 hypotheses have been promoted the term
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00074-00020334-00020547 may have been a combined reference to
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00075-00020548-00020763 the swiss politician but sank on Hughes
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00076-00020764-00021096 died 1532 and the religiously conflicted
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00077-00021097-00021318 nature of swiss republicanism in his
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00078-00021319-00021615 time it used a derogatory pun on the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00079-00021616-00021864 name Humes by way of the Dutch word who
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00080-00021865-00022062 is Jean oten literally housemates
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00081-00022063-00022280 referring to the connotations of a
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00082-00022281-00022479 somewhat related word in German are
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00083-00022480-00022752 Geno's Confederates as in a citizen of
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00084-00022753-00022922 one of the states of the Swiss
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00085-00022923-00023262 Confederacy Geneva was John Calvin's
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00086-00023263-00023453 adopted home and the center of the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00087-00023454-00023817 Calvinist movement in Geneva huge though
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00088-00023818-00024093 Catholic was a leader of the Confederate
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00089-00024094-00024366 Party so called because it favoured
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00090-00024367-00024594 independence from the Duke of Savoy it
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00091-00024595-00024768 sought an alliance between the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00092-00024769-00024980 city-state of Geneva and the Swiss
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00093-00024981-00025293 Confederation the label Hyuga no was
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00094-00025294-00025530 purportedly first applied in France to
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00095-00025531-00025694 those conspirators all of them
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00096-00025695-00025899 aristocratic members of the Reformed
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00097-00025900-00026112 Church who were involved in the amboy's
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00098-00026113-00026408 plot of 1560 the foiled attempt to wrest
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00099-00026410-00026649 power in France from the influential and
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00100-00026650-00026939 zealously Catholic house of Guise this
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00101-00026941-00027135 action would have fostered relations
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00102-00027136-00027489 with the Swiss oh eyyy roche promoted
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00103-00027489-00027783 this idea among historians he wrote in
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00104-00027783-00027981 his book the days of the upright a
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00105-00027982-00028283 history of the Hyuga knows 1965 that
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00106-00028285-00028704 Hyuga no is a combination of the Dutch
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00107-00028705-00028964 and a German word in the Dutch speaking
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00108-00028966-00029208 north of France Bible students who
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00109-00029208-00029430 gathered in each other's houses to study
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00110-00029431-00029639 secretly were called Weejun eaten
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00111-00029639-00029943 housemaids while on the Swiss and German
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00112-00029944-00030204 borders they were termed e Jennison or
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00113-00030205-00030585 oath fellows that is persons bound to
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00114-00030586-00030870 each other by an oath gala sized inter
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00115-00030870-00031185 Hyuga no often used deprecatingly
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00116-00031186-00031410 the word became during two and a half
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00117-00031411-00031646 centuries of terror and triumph a badge
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00118-00031647-00031968 of enduring honour and courage some
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00119-00031969-00032223 disagree with such double or triple non
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00120-00032224-00032351 French linguistic
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00121-00032352-00032633 virgins Janet gray argues that for the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00122-00032634-00032852 word to have spread into common use in
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00123-00032853-00033092 France it must have originated there in
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00124-00033093-00033539 French the huge hypothesis argues that
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00125-00033540-00033809 the name was derived by association with
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00126-00033810-00034052 huge Capet King of France who reigned
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00127-00034053-00034325 long before the Reformation he was
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00128-00034326-00034583 regarded by the Galicians as a nobleman
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00129-00034584-00034876 who respected people's dignity and lives
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00130-00034877-00035150 janet gray and other supporters of the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00131-00035151-00035384 hypothesis suggests that the name hugo
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00132-00035385-00035549 note would be roughly equivalent to
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00133-00035550-00035822 little Hugo's or those who want hugo in
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00134-00035823-00036014 this last connection the name could
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00135-00036015-00036215 suggest the derogatory inference of
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00136-00036216-00036485 superstitious worship popular fancy held
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00137-00036486-00036728 that Hugin the gate of king hugo was
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00138-00036729-00036953 haunted by the ghost of lawar hue gay
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00139-00036954-00037178 regarded by Roman Catholics as an
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00140-00037179-00037414 infamous scoundrel and other spirits
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00141-00037415-00037658 instead of being in purgatory after
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00142-00037659-00037886 death according to Catholic doctrine
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00143-00037887-00038072 they came back to harm the living at
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00144-00038073-00038336 night the pret on dis ray for maize
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00145-00038337-00038705 these supposedly reformed was said to
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00146-00038706-00038903 gather at night at tall's both for
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00147-00038904-00039128 political purposes and for prayer and
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00148-00039129-00039475 singing Psalms Regehr della pancha D
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00149-00039476-00039785 1560 in his de Lestat de France offered
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00150-00039786-00039974 the following account as to the origin
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00151-00039975-00040267 of the name as cited by the Cape monthly
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00152-00040268-00040550 Regehr de la plancha accounts for it the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00153-00040551-00040673 name as follows
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00154-00040674-00040889 the name Huguenard was given to those of
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00155-00040890-00041045 the religion during the affair of
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00156-00041046-00041264 amboy's and they were to retain it ever
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00157-00041265-00041600 since I'll say a word about it to settle
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00158-00041601-00041807 the doubts of those who have strayed in
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00159-00041808-00042116 seeking its origin the superstition of
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00160-00042117-00042401 our ancestors - within 20 or 30 years
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00161-00042402-00042644 thereabouts was such that in almost all
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00162-00042645-00042821 the towns in the kingdom they had a
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00163-00042822-00043034 notion that certain spirits underwent
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00164-00043035-00043226 the purgatory in this world after death
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00165-00043227-00043436 and that they went about the town at
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00166-00043437-00043484 night
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00167-00043485-00043718 striking an outraging many people whom
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00168-00043719-00043973 they found in the streets but the light
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00169-00043974-00044189 of the gospel has made him vanish and
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00170-00044190-00044369 teaches us that these spirits were
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00171-00044370-00044684 Street strollers and ruffians in Paris
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00172-00044685-00044927 the spirit was called Lemoine bourree at
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00173-00044928-00044987 Orleans
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00174-00044988-00045257 lamu lay audit at Blois la Luc Garin at
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00175-00045258-00045326 tours
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00176-00045327-00045592 Laroy hue gay and so on in other places
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00177-00045593-00045777 now it happened
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00178-00045778-00045951 that those whom they called Lutheran's
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00179-00045952-00046152 were that time so narrowly watched
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00180-00046153-00046335 during the day that they were forced to
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00181-00046336-00046536 wait till night to assemble for the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00182-00046537-00046758 purpose of praying God for preaching and
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00183-00046759-00046968 receiving the Holy Sacrament so that
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00184-00046969-00047157 although they did not frighten more hurt
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00185-00047158-00047237 anybody
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00186-00047238-00047451 the priests through mockery made him the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00187-00047452-00047661 successes of those spirits which roam
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00188-00047662-00047874 the night and thus that name being quite
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00189-00047875-00048075 common in the mouths of the populace to
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00190-00048076-00048327 designate the evangelical Hyuga nuns in
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00191-00048328-00048540 the country of terrain and amboy's it
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00192-00048541-00048806 became in vogue after that enterprise
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00193-00048807-00049086 some have suggested the name was derived
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00194-00049087-00049329 with similar intended scorn from less
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00195-00049330-00049563 gone on to host the monkeys or Apes of
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00196-00049564-00049920 Yan hosts by 1911 there was still no
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00197-00049921-00050165 consensus in the United States on this
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00198-00050166-00050783 interpretation
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00199-00050784-00051488 topic symbol the Hyuga no cross is the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00200-00051489-00051713 distinctive emblem of the Hyuga nose qua
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00201-00051714-00052021 hugga note it is now an official symbol
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00202-00052022-00052211 of the église des protestant reformers
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00203-00052212-00052544 French Protestant Church Hyuga no
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00204-00052545-00052748 descendants sometimes display this
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00205-00052749-00052936 symbol as a sign of reconnaissance
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00206-00052937-00053629 recognition between them
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00207-00053629-00054310 topic demographics the issue of
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00208-00054311-00054526 demographic strength and geographical
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00209-00054527-00054709 spread of the reformed tradition in
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00210-00054710-00054937 France has been covered in a variety of
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00211-00054938-00055240 sources most of them agree that the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00212-00055241-00055465 Hyuga no population reached as many as
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00213-00055466-00055779 10% of the total population or roughly 2
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00214-00055780-00055980 million people on the eve of this and
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00215-00055982-00056137 Bartholomew's Day Massacre
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00216-00056138-00056434 in 1572 the new teaching of John Calvin
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00217-00056435-00056671 attracted sizable portions of the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00218-00056672-00056983 nobility and urban bourgeoisie after
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00219-00056984-00057211 John Calvin introduced the Reformation
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00220-00057212-00057388 in France the number of French
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00221-00057389-00057646 Protestants steadily swelled to 10% of
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00222-00057647-00057901 the population or roughly 1.8 million
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00223-00057902-00058198 people in the decade between 1560 and
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00224-00058199-00058552 1570 during the same period there with
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00225-00058553-00058888 some 1,400 Reformed churches operating
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00226-00058889-00059260 in France hands je Hillebrand an expert
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00227-00059261-00059509 on the subject in his encyclopedia of
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00228-00059510-00059770 Protestantism for volume set claims that
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00229-00059771-00059989 Hyuga no community reached as much as
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00230-00059990-00060244 10% of the French population on the eve
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00231-00060245-00060411 of the San Bartholomew's Day Massacre
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00232-00060412-00060697 declining to 7 to 8 percent by the end
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00233-00060698-00060961 of the 16th century and further after
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00234-00060962-00061201 heavy persecution began once again with
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00235-00061202-00061366 the revocation of the Edict of
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00236-00061366-00061708 non-violence the xiv of france in 1685
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00237-00061709-00061980 among the nobles Calvinism peaked on the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00238-00061982-00062152 eve of the San Bartholomew's Day
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00239-00062153-00062449 Massacre since then it has been sharply
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00240-00062450-00062655 decreasing as the Hyuga nodes were no
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00241-00062657-00062845 more tolerated by both the French
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00242-00062846-00063163 royalty and the Catholic Mass by the end
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00243-00063164-00063369 of the 16th century Hyuga nose
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00244-00063370-00063637 constituted 7 to 8% of the whole
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00245-00063638-00064009 population or 1.2 million people by the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00246-00064010-00064288 time louis xiv revoked the Edict of
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00247-00064289-00064620 Nantes in 1685 Hyuga nose accounted for
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00248-00064621-00064897 800,000 to 1 million people Hugo knows
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00249-00064898-00065149 controlled sizable areas in southern and
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00250-00065150-00065485 western France in addition many areas
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00251-00065486-00065707 especially in the central part of the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00252-00065708-00065944 country were also contested between the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00253-00065945-00066228 French reformed and Catholic Nobles
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00254-00066229-00066343 demographically
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00255-00066344-00066538 there were some areas in which the whole
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00256-00066539-00066823 populations had been reformed these
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00257-00066824-00067012 included villages in the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00258-00067013-00067240 the massive central as well as the area
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00259-00067241-00067429 around door joint which used to be
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00260-00067430-00067768 almost entirely reformed to John Calvin
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00261-00067769-00067980 was a Frenchman and himself largely
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00262-00067981-00068203 responsible for the introduction and
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00263-00068204-00068386 spread of the reformed tradition in
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00264-00068387-00068722 France he wrote in French but unlike the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00265-00068723-00068943 Protestant development in Germany where
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00266-00068944-00069109 Lutheran writings were widely
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00267-00069110-00069294 distributed and could be read by the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00268-00069295-00069541 common man it was not the case in France
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00269-00069542-00069799 where only Nobles adopted the new faith
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00270-00069800-00070080 and the folk remained Catholic this is
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00271-00070081-00070303 true for many areas in the west and
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00272-00070304-00070476 south controlled by the Hyuga no
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00273-00070477-00070749 nobility although relatively large
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00274-00070750-00070956 portions of the peasant population
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00275-00070957-00071122 became reformed they're the people
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00276-00071123-00071376 altogether still remained majority
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00277-00071377-00071631 Catholic overall Hyuga no presence was
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00278-00071632-00071848 heavily concentrated in the western and
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00279-00071849-00072051 southern portions of the French kingdom
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00280-00072052-00072276 as Nobles they're secured practice of
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00281-00072277-00072363 the new faith
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00282-00072364-00072603 these included languedoc-roussillon
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00283-00072604-00072855 Gascony and even a strip of land that
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00284-00072856-00073125 stretched into the door ffunny Hugo
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00285-00073126-00073336 knows lived on the Atlantic coast in the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00286-00073337-00073528 rachelle and also spread across
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00287-00073529-00073837 provinces of Normandy and plateau in the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00288-00073838-00074118 south towns like castra Montalban
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00289-00074119-00074323 Montpellier and neem were hugo no
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00290-00074324-00074605 strongholds in addition the dense
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00291-00074606-00074868 network of protestant villages permeated
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00292-00074869-00075075 the rural mountainous region of the sea
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00293-00075076-00075381 venus inhabited by kamas arts it
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00294-00075382-00075600 continues to be the backbone of french
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00295-00075601-00075906 Protestantism historians estimate that
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00296-00075907-00076204 roughly 80% of all humanoids lived in
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00297-00076205-00076479 the western and southern areas of France
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00298-00076480-00076701 today there are some reformed
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00299-00076702-00076909 communities around the world that still
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00300-00076910-00077138 retained their Hyuga no identity in
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00301-00077139-00077260 France
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00302-00077261-00077493 Calvinists in the United Protestant
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00303-00077494-00077704 Church of France and also some in the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00304-00077705-00077911 Protestant Reformed Church of Alsace and
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00305-00077912-00078142 Lorraine consider themselves Hugo knows
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00306-00078143-00078460 a rural Hyuga no community in the see
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00307-00078461-00078736 Venus that rebelled in 1702 is still
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00308-00078737-00078973 being called Camus odds especially in
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00309-00078974-00079336 historical contexts Hugo no exiles in
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00310-00079337-00079534 the United Kingdom the United States
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00311-00079535-00079854 South Africa Australia and a number of
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00312-00079855-00080031 other countries still retain their
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00313-00080032-00080244 identity
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00314-00080245-00080627 you
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00315-00080628-00081335 topic emigration and diaspora the bulk
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00316-00081336-00081587 of Hyuga know Amy Grace relocated to
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00317-00081588-00081770 Protestant states such as the Dutch
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00318-00081771-00082037 Republic England and Wales Protestant
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00319-00082038-00082265 controlled Ireland the Channel Islands
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00320-00082266-00082613 Scotland Denmark Sweden Switzerland the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00321-00082614-00082823 electorate of Brandenburg an electorate
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00322-00082824-00083015 of the Palatinate in the Holy Roman
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00323-00083016-00083318 Empire and the Duchy of Prussia some
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00324-00083319-00083540 fled as refugees to the Dutch Cape
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00325-00083541-00083777 Colony in South Africa the Dutch East
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00326-00083778-00083987 Indies the Caribbean colonies and
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00327-00083988-00084137 several of the Dutch and English
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00328-00084138-00084494 colonies in North America a few families
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00329-00084495-00084734 went to Orthodox Russia and Catholic
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00330-00084735-00085100 Quebec after centuries most Hyuga nose
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00331-00085101-00085301 have assimilated into the various
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00332-00085302-00085481 societies and cultures where they
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00333-00085482-00085772 settled remnant communities of CAM
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00334-00085773-00086003 Assad's in the sin ins most reformed
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00335-00086004-00086216 members of the United Protestant Church
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00336-00086217-00086450 of France French members of the largely
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00337-00086451-00086669 German Protestant Reformed Church of
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00338-00086670-00086858 Alsace and Lorraine and the Hyuga no
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00339-00086859-00087086 diaspora in England and Australia all
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00340-00087087-00087305 still retain the beliefs and Hyuga no
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00341-00087306-00087907 designation
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00342-00087908-00088780 topic history
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00343-00088781-00089480 topic origins the availability of the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00344-00089481-00089701 Bible in vernacular languages was
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00345-00089702-00089863 important to the spread of the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00346-00089864-00090074 Protestant movement and development of
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00347-00090075-00090344 the Reformed Church in France the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00348-00090345-00090572 country had a long history of struggles
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00349-00090573-00090800 with the papacy see the Avignon papacy
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00350-00090801-00091082 for example by the time the Protestant
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00351-00091083-00091438 Reformation finally arrived around 1290
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00352-00091439-00091661 for a French version of the Scriptures
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00353-00091662-00091871 was prepared by the Roman Catholic
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00354-00091872-00091919 priest
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00355-00091920-00092210 kuia des Mullins a two-volume
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00356-00092211-00092405 illustrated folio paraphrased version
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00357-00092406-00092690 based on his manuscript by Jean Darrell
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00358-00092691-00093029 E was printed in Paris in 1487 the first
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00359-00093030-00093266 known translation of the Bible into one
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00360-00093267-00093518 of France's regional languages Arpita
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00361-00093519-00093776 noir franco-provençal had been prepared
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00362-00093777-00094001 by the 12th century pre Protestant
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00363-00094002-00094357 reformer Peter Waldo Pierre de Vaux the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00364-00094358-00094556 Walden ziens became more militant
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00365-00094557-00094865 creating fortified areas as in-cab Ria's
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00366-00094866-00095138 perhaps attacking an abbey they were
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00367-00095139-00095453 suppressed by Francis the first in 1545
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00368-00095454-00095644 in the massacre of myrrh and all other
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00369-00095645-00095851 predecessors of the Reformed Church
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00370-00095852-00096088 included the pro-reform and Gallic and
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00371-00096089-00096449 Roman Catholics such as Jack Lefevre c14
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00372-00096450-00096854 55 to 1536 the Gallic ins briefly
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00373-00096855-00097051 achieved independence for the French
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00374-00097052-00097241 Church on the principle that the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00375-00097242-00097400 religion of France could not be
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00376-00097401-00097594 controlled by the Bishop of Rome a
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00377-00097595-00097838 foreign power during the Protestant
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00378-00097839-00098117 Reformation Lefevre a professor the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00379-00098118-00098363 University of Paris published his French
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00380-00098364-00098654 translation of the New Testament in 1523
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00381-00098655-00098879 followed by the whole Bible in the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00382-00098880-00099238 French language in 1530 William Farrell
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00383-00099239-00099494 was a student of Lefevre who went on to
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00384-00099495-00099713 become a leader of the Swiss Reformation
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00385-00099714-00099935 establishing a Protestant Republican
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00386-00099936-00100231 government in Geneva Jean Corbin
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00387-00100232-00100444 John Calvin another student at the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00388-00100445-00100715 University of Paris also converted to
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00389-00100716-00101012 Protestantism long after the sect was
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00390-00101013-00101228 suppressed by Francis the first the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00391-00101229-00101429 remaining French wardens Ian's then
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00392-00101430-00101672 mostly in the Lubar on region sought to
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00393-00101673-00101885 join William Farrell Calvin and the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00394-00101886-00101987 Reformation and
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00395-00101988-00102167 Olivette and published a French Bible
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00396-00102168-00102530 for them the French confession of 1559
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00397-00102531-00102791 shows a decidedly Calvinistic influence
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00398-00102792-00103009 although usually Hyuga nodes are lumped
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00399-00103010-00103207 into one group there were actually two
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00400-00103208-00103505 types of humanoids that emerged since
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00401-00103506-00103700 the Hyuga nose had political and
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00402-00103701-00103928 religious goals it was commonplace to
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00403-00103929-00104201 refer to the Calvinists as Hyuga nose of
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00404-00104202-00104447 religion and those who opposed the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00405-00104448-00104690 monarchy errs Hyuga nose of the state
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00406-00104691-00105107 who were mostly nobles the Hyuga nose of
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00407-00105108-00105305 religion were influenced by John
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00408-00105306-00105542 Calvin's works and established Calvinist
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00409-00105543-00105599 synods
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00410-00105600-00105866 they were determined to end religious
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00411-00105867-00106169 oppression the Hyuga nose of the state
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00412-00106170-00106384 opposed the monopoly of power the guy's
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00413-00106385-00106607 family had and wanted to attack the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00414-00106608-00106732 authority of the crown
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00415-00106733-00107015 this group of Hyuga nose from southern
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00416-00107016-00107231 france had frequent issues with the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00417-00107232-00107408 strict Calvinist tenets that are
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00418-00107408-00107600 outlined in many of John Calvin's
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00419-00107601-00108301 letters to the synod's of the Languedoc
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00420-00108302-00108631 topic criticism and conflict with the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00421-00108632-00109067 Catholic Church
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00422-00109068-00109298 like other religious reformers of the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00423-00109299-00109514 time Hugo knows felt that the Catholic
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00424-00109515-00109739 Church needed a radical cleansing of its
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00425-00109740-00109984 impurities and that the Pope represented
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00426-00109985-00110201 a worldly kingdom which Saturday in
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00427-00110202-00110399 mocking tyranny over the things of God
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00428-00110400-00110702 and was ultimately doomed rhetoric like
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00429-00110703-00110948 this became fiercer as events unfolded
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00430-00110949-00111191 and eventually stirred up a reaction in
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00431-00111192-00111508 the Catholic establishment fanatically
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00432-00111509-00111740 opposed to the Catholic Church the Hyuga
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00433-00111741-00111958 nose attacked priests monks nuns
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00434-00111958-00112308 monasticism images and church buildings
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00435-00112309-00112592 most of the cities in which the Hyuga
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00436-00112593-00112858 nose gained a hold saw iconoclast riots
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00437-00112859-00113096 in which altars and images in churches
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00438-00113097-00113276 and sometimes the buildings themselves
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00439-00113277-00113645 were torn down ancient relics and texts
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00440-00113646-00113840 were destroyed the bodies of saints
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00441-00113841-00114148 exhumed and burned the cities of borsch
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00442-00114149-00114350 Montauban and all Lorne's saw
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00443-00114351-00114709 substantial activity in this regard the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00444-00114710-00114953 Hyuga nose transformed themselves into a
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00445-00114954-00115193 definitive political movement thereafter
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00446-00115194-00115406 Protestant preachers rallied a
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00447-00115407-00115580 considerable army and a formidable
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00448-00115581-00115793 cavalry which came under the leadership
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00449-00115794-00116141 of Admiral Gaspard de Colony Henry of
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00450-00116142-00116354 Navarre and the House of Bourbon allied
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00451-00116355-00116558 themselves to the Hyuga nose adding
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00452-00116558-00116771 wealth and territorial holdings to the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00453-00116772-00116966 Protestant strength which at its height
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00454-00116967-00117239 grew to sixty fortified cities and posed
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00455-00117240-00117458 a serious and continuous threat to the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00456-00117458-00117674 Catholic crown in Paris over the next
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00457-00117675-00117992 three decades the Catholic Church in
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00458-00117993-00118214 France and many of its members opposed
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00459-00118215-00118514 the Hyuga knows some Hyuga no preachers
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00460-00118515-00118711 and congregants were attacked as they
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00461-00118713-00118997 attempted to meet for worship the height
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00462-00118998-00119192 of this persecution was the st.
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00463-00119193-00119416 Bartholomew's Day Massacre in August
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00464-00119417-00119804 1570 to when 5000 to 30,000 were killed
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00465-00119805-00119983 although there were also underlying
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00466-00119984-00120200 political reasons for this as well as
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00467-00120201-00120392 some of the Hyuga knows were Nobles
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00468-00120393-00120617 trying to establish separate centers of
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00469-00120618-00120914 power in southern France retaliating
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00470-00120915-00121139 against the French Catholics the Hyuga
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00471-00121140-00121777 nose had their own militia
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00472-00121778-00122446 topic Reformation and growth Hyuga nose
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00473-00122447-00122689 faced persecution from the outset of the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00474-00122690-00122938 Reformation but Francis the first reign
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00475-00122939-00123309 1515 to 1547 initially protected the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00476-00123310-00123505 dissidents from parliamentary measures
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00477-00123506-00123807 seeking to exterminate them after the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00478-00123808-00124114 1534 affair of the placards he distanced
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00479-00124115-00124288 himself from Hyuga nose and the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00480-00124289-00124588 protection earlier Francis the first
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00481-00124589-00124825 persecuted the old pre Protestant
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00482-00124826-00124990 movement of Walden's Ian's in
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00483-00124991-00125326 southeastern France Hyuga no numbers
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00484-00125327-00125713 grew rapidly between 1555 and 1561
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00485-00125714-00125997 chiefly amongst nobles and city dwellers
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00486-00125998-00126268 during this time their opponents first
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00487-00126269-00126472 dubbed the Protestants Hugo knows but
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00488-00126473-00126690 they called themselves reform A's or
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00489-00126691-00127008 reformed they organized the first
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00490-00127009-00127423 national Synod in 1558 in Paris by 1560
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00491-00127424-00127645 to the estimated number of Hyuga nose
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00492-00127646-00127842 peaked at approximately 2 million
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00493-00127843-00128065 concentrated mainly in the western
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00494-00128066-00128278 southern and some central parts of
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00495-00128279-00128527 France compared to approximately 16
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00496-00128528-00128823 million Catholics during the same period
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00497-00128824-00129043 persecution diminished the number of
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00498-00129044-00129715 Hyuga nose who remained in France
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00499-00129716-00130383 topic Wars of religion as the Hyuga
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00500-00130384-00130597 knows gained influence and displayed the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00501-00130598-00130813 faith more openly roman catholic
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00502-00130814-00131047 hostility towards them grew even though
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00503-00131048-00131236 the French crown offered increasingly
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00504-00131237-00131470 liberal political concessions and edicts
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00505-00131471-00131701 of toleration following the accidental
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00506-00131702-00132031 death of henry ii in 1559 his son
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00507-00132032-00132325 succeeded as king francis ii along with
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00508-00132326-00132499 his wife the queen consort
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00509-00132500-00132865 also known as Mary Queen of Scots during
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00510-00132866-00133153 the 18 months of the reign of francis ii
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00511-00133154-00133390 mary encouraged a policy of rounding up
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00512-00133391-00133597 French Huguenots on charges of heresy
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00513-00133598-00133807 and putting him in front of Catholic
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00514-00133808-00134056 judges and employing torture and burning
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00515-00134057-00134335 as punishments for dissenters Mary
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00516-00134336-00134548 returned to Scotland a widow in the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00517-00134549-00134956 summer of 1560 one in 1561 the Edict of
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00518-00134957-00135133 all Lords declared an end to the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00519-00135134-00135373 persecution and the Edict of Saint a man
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00520-00135374-00135700 of January 15 62 formerly recognized the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00521-00135701-00135964 Hyuga knows for the first time however
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00522-00135965-00136198 these measures disguise the growing
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00523-00136199-00136393 tensions between Protestants and
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00524-00136394-00136951 Catholics
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00525-00136952-00137659 topic civil wars these tensions spurred
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00526-00137660-00137926 eight civil wars interrupted by periods
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00527-00137927-00138315 of relative calm between 1562 and 1598
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00528-00138316-00138604 with each break in peace the Hyuga knows
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00529-00138605-00138820 trust in the Catholic throne diminished
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00530-00138821-00139051 and the violence became more severe and
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00531-00139052-00139312 Protestant demands became grander until
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00532-00139313-00139546 a lasting cessation of open hostility
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00533-00139547-00139813 finally occurred in 1598 the walls
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00534-00139814-00140053 gradually took on a dynastic character
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00535-00140054-00140284 developing into an extended feud between
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00536-00140285-00140521 the houses of bourbon and guys both of
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00537-00140522-00140791 which in addition to holding rival
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00538-00140792-00141043 religious views staked a claim to the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00539-00141044-00141361 French throne the crown occupied by the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00540-00141362-00141604 House of Valois generally supported the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00541-00141605-00141829 Catholic side but on occasion switched
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00542-00141830-00142009 over to the Protestant calls.when
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00543-00142010-00142369 politically expedient the French Wars of
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00544-00142370-00142566 Religion began with the massacre of
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00545-00142567-00142897 Vassy on the first of March 1560 to when
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00546-00142898-00143149 dozens some sources say hundreds of
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00547-00143150-00143407 Hyuga nodes were killed and about 200
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00548-00143408-00143653 were wounded it was in this year that
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00549-00143654-00143890 some Hyuga nose destroyed the tomb and
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00550-00143891-00144265 remains of Saint tiniest D 202 an early
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00551-00144266-00144454 church father and bishop who was a
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00552-00144455-00144778 disciple of Polycarp the Mishler de Bie
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00553-00144779-00145003 Hyuga notes against Catholics was later
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00554-00145004-00145819 on the 29th of September 1567
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00555-00145820-00146421 topic Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00556-00146422-00146685 in what became known as the sand
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00557-00146686-00146940 Bartholomew's Day Massacre of the 24th
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00558-00146941-00147232 of August to the 3rd of October 1572
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00559-00147233-00147496 Catholics killed thousands of humanoids
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00560-00147497-00147706 in Paris and similar massacres took
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00561-00147707-00147919 place in other towns in the following
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00562-00147920-00148215 weeks the main provincial towns and
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00563-00148216-00148461 cities experiencing massacres were ex
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00564-00148462-00148860 Bordeaux borsch Lyons mo Orleans Rouen
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00565-00148861-00149139 Toulouse and Troy's although the exact
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00566-00149140-00149322 number of fatalities throughout the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00567-00149323-00149668 country is not known on 23 to 24 August
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00568-00149669-00149971 between 2,000 and 3,000 Protestants were
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00569-00149972-00150232 killed in Paris and a further 3,000 to
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00570-00150233-00150571 7,000 more in the French provinces by
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00571-00150572-00150915 the 17th of September almost 25,000
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00572-00150916-00151140 Protestants had been massacred in Paris
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00573-00151141-00151420 alone beyond Paris the killings
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00574-00151421-00151657 continued until the 3rd of October an
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00575-00151658-00152008 amnesty granted in 1573 pardoned the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00576-00152009-00152544 perpetrators
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00577-00152545-00153192 topic edict of nantes the pattern of
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00578-00153193-00153429 warfare followed by brief periods of
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00579-00153430-00153624 peace continued for nearly another
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00580-00153625-00153897 quarter century the warfare was
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00581-00153898-00154209 definitively quelled in 1598 when Henry
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00582-00154210-00154395 of Navarre having succeeded to the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00583-00154396-00154602 French throne as Henry the fourth and
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00584-00154603-00154833 having recanted Protestantism in favor
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00585-00154834-00155073 of Roman Catholicism in order to obtain
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00586-00155074-00155310 the French crown issued the Edict of
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00587-00155311-00155691 Nantes reaffirmed Roman Catholicism as
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00588-00155692-00155925 the state religion of France but granted
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00589-00155926-00156138 the Protestants equality with Catholics
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00590-00156139-00156297 under the throne and the degree of
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00591-00156298-00156522 religious and political freedom within
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00592-00156523-00156849 their domains the edict simultaneously
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00593-00156850-00157041 protected Catholic interests by
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00594-00157042-00157215 discouraging the founding of new
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00595-00157216-00157404 Protestant churches in catholic
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00596-00157405-00157638 controlled regions with the proclamation
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00597-00157639-00157857 of the Edict of Nantes of sequent
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00598-00157858-00158091 protection of human rights pressures to
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00599-00158092-00158421 leave France abated however enforcement
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00600-00158422-00158646 of the edict grew increasingly irregular
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00601-00158647-00158874 over time making life so intolerable
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00602-00158875-00159168 that many fled the country the Hyuga no
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00603-00159169-00159489 population of France dropped to 856
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00604-00159490-00159795 thousand by the mid 1660s of which a
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00605-00159796-00160095 plurality lived in rural areas the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00606-00160096-00160311 greatest concentrations of Hyuga notes
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00607-00160312-00160542 at this time resided in the regions of
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00608-00160543-00160788 Gihon st. in gay alna Sangha moi and
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00609-00160789-00161004 plateau Montpellier was among the most
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00610-00161005-00161193 important of the sixty-six
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00611-00161194-00161535 Veals de sureit a cities of protection
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00612-00161536-00161832 protected cities that the Edict of 1598
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00613-00161833-00162129 granted to the Hyuga knows the city's
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00614-00162130-00162324 political institutions and the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00615-00162325-00162558 University were all handed over to the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00616-00162559-00162876 Hyuga nose tension with Paris led to a
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00617-00162877-00163187 siege by the royal army in 1622
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00618-00163188-00163479 peace terms called for the dismantling
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00619-00163480-00163749 of the city's fortifications a royal
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00620-00163750-00164013 citadel was built in the university and
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00621-00164014-00164196 consulate were taken over by the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00622-00164197-00164535 catholic party even before the Edict of
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00623-00164536-00164898 ailes 1629 Protestant rule was dead and
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00624-00164899-00165318 the ville de surety was no more by 1620
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00625-00165319-00165537 the Hyuga nose were on the defensive and
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00626-00165538-00165699 the government increasingly applied
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00627-00165700-00165938 pressure a series of
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00628-00165939-00166182 small civil wars known as the Hyuga no
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00629-00166183-00166370 rebellions broke out mainly in
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00630-00166371-00166657 southwestern France between 1621 and
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00631-00166658-00166932 1629 in which the reformed areas
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00632-00166933-00167240 revolted against royal authority the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00633-00167241-00167471 uprising occurred a decade following the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00634-00167472-00167675 death of Henry the fourth a Hugo no
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00635-00167676-00167870 before converting to Roman Catholicism
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00636-00167871-00168144 who had protected Protestants through
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00637-00168145-00168484 the Edict of Nantes successor louis xiii
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00638-00168485-00168737 under the Regency of his italian
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00639-00168738-00169004 catholic mother Marie de Medici was more
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00640-00169005-00169293 intolerant of Protestantism the Hyuga
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00641-00169294-00169484 nose responded by establishing
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00642-00169485-00169646 independent political and military
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00643-00169647-00169868 structures establishing diplomatic
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00644-00169869-00170132 contacts with foreign powers and openly
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00645-00170133-00170414 revolting against central power the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00646-00170415-00170643 rebellions were implacably suppressed by
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00647-00170644-00171198 the french crown
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00648-00171199-00171918 topic Edict of Fontainebleau louis xiv
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00649-00171919-00172209 gained the throne in 1643 enacted
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00650-00172210-00172413 increasingly aggressively to force the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00651-00172414-00172731 huber nose to convert at first he sent
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00652-00172732-00172914 missionaries backed by a fund to
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00653-00172915-00173163 financially reward converts to roman
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00654-00173164-00173430 catholicism then he imposed penalties
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00655-00173431-00173721 closed Hyuga no schools and excluded him
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00656-00173722-00174054 from favoured professions escalating he
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00657-00174055-00174303 instituted dragon aids which included
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00658-00174304-00174513 the occupation and looting of hugo no
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00659-00174514-00174753 homes by military troops in an effort to
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00660-00174754-00175173 forcibly convert him in 1685 he issued
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00661-00175174-00175392 the Edict of Fontainebleau revoking the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00662-00175393-00175554 Edict of Nantes and declaring
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00663-00175555-00175806 Protestantism illegal the revocation for
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00664-00175807-00176016 bad Protestant services required
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00665-00176017-00176253 education of children as Catholics and
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00666-00176254-00176520 prohibited emigration it proved
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00667-00176521-00176772 disastrous to the Hyuga nose and costly
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00668-00176773-00177021 for France it precipitated civil
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00669-00177022-00177279 bloodshed ruined Commerce and resulted
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00670-00177280-00177465 in the illegal flight from the country
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00671-00177466-00177684 of hundreds of thousands of Protestants
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00672-00177685-00177927 many of whom were intellectuals doctors
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00673-00177928-00178143 and business leaders whose skills were
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00674-00178144-00178317 transferred to Britain as well as
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00675-00178318-00178557 Holland Prussia South Africa and other
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00676-00178558-00178851 places they fled to four thousand
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00677-00178852-00179118 emigrated to the 13 colonies where they
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00678-00179119-00179340 settled especially in New York the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00679-00179341-00179523 Delaware River Valley in eastern
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00680-00179524-00179780 Pennsylvania and New Jersey and Virginia
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00681-00179781-00180069 the English authorities welcomed the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00682-00180070-00180318 French refugees providing money from
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00683-00180319-00180552 both government and private agencies to
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00684-00180553-00180837 aid their relocation those Hyuga nose
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00685-00180838-00181062 who stayed in France were subsequently
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00686-00181063-00181269 forcibly converted to Roman Catholicism
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00687-00181270-00181653 and were called new converts after this
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00688-00181654-00181854 the Hyuga nose with estimates ranging
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00689-00181855-00182157 from 200,000 to 1 million fled to
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00690-00182158-00182364 Protestant countries England the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00691-00182365-00182616 Netherlands Switzerland Norway Denmark
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00692-00182617-00182898 and Prussia whose Calvinist great
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00693-00182899-00183102 elector Frederick William welcomed him
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00694-00183103-00183309 to help rebuild his war ravaged and
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00695-00183310-00183591 underpopulated country following this
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00696-00183592-00183876 Exodus cubanos remained in large numbers
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00697-00183877-00184074 in only one region of France
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00698-00184075-00184286 the rugged Sinan's region in the south
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00699-00184287-00184587 there were also some Calvinists in the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00700-00184588-00184815 Alsace region which then belonged to the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00701-00184816-00185013 Holy Roman Empire of the German nation
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00702-00185014-00185376 in the early 18th century a regional
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00703-00185377-00185598 group known as the Camus arts who were
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00704-00185599-00185787 Hyuga knows of the mountainous massive
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00705-00185788-00185994 central region rioted against the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00706-00185995-00186216 Catholic Church burning churches and
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00707-00186217-00186498 killing the clergy it took French troops
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00708-00186499-00186726 years to hunt down and destroy all the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00709-00186727-00187002 bands of Camus odds between 1702 and
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00710-00187003-00187630 1703
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00711-00187631-00188208 topic end of persecution
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00712-00188209-00188582 by the 1760s Protestants numbered about
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00713-00188583-00188892 700,000 in France or 3% of the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00714-00188893-00189237 population Protestantism was no longer a
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00715-00189238-00189495 favorite religion of the elite by then
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00716-00189496-00189738 most Protestants were Savannah spez ins
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00717-00189739-00190011 it was still illegal and although the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00718-00190012-00190230 law was seldom enforced it could be a
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00719-00190231-00190502 threat or a nuisance to Protestants
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00720-00190503-00190746 Calvinists lived primarily in the middie
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00721-00190747-00190965 about two hundred thousand Lutheran's
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00722-00190966-00191205 accompanied by some Calvinists lived in
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00723-00191206-00191511 the newly acquired Alsace where the 1648
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00724-00191512-00191709 Treaty of Westphalia effectively
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00725-00191710-00191903 protected him persecution of Protestants
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00726-00191904-00192225 diminished in France after 1720 for
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00727-00192226-00192411 finally ending with the Edict of
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00728-00192412-00192627 Versailles commonly called the Edict of
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00729-00192628-00193022 Tolerance signed by louis xvi in 1787
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00730-00193023-00193329 two years later with the Declaration of
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00731-00193330-00193601 the Rights of Man and citizen of 1789
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00732-00193602-00193824 Protestants gained equal rights as
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00733-00193825-00194394 citizens
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00734-00194395-00194739 topic right of return to France in the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00735-00194740-00195387 19th and 20th centuries the government
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00736-00195388-00195609 encouraged descendants of exiles to
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00737-00195610-00195831 return offering him French citizenship
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00738-00195832-00196236 in of the 15th of December 17 19 or all
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00739-00196237-00196461 persons born in a foreign country and
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00740-00196462-00196692 descending in any degree of a French man
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00741-00196693-00196926 or woman expatriated for religious
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00742-00196927-00197130 reason and declared French nationals
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00743-00197131-00197382 Naturals francais and will benefit from
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00744-00197383-00197607 Rights attached to that quality if they
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00745-00197608-00197826 come back to France establish the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00746-00197827-00198104 domicile there and take the civic oath
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00747-00198105-00198470 article 4 of the 26th of June 1889
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00748-00198471-00198765 nationality law stated descendants of
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00749-00198766-00199038 families prescribed by the revocation of
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00750-00199039-00199776 the Edict of Nantes mber 1790 law but on
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00751-00199777-00199986 the condition that a nominal decree
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00752-00199987-00200211 should be issued for every petitioner
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00753-00200212-00200511 that decree will only produce its
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00754-00200512-00200763 effects for the future foreign
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00755-00200764-00200961 descendants of Hugo knows lost the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00756-00200962-00201206 automatic right to French citizenship in
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00757-00201207-00201540 1945 by force of the ordinance do 19
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00758-00201541-00201915 October a 1945 which revoked the 1889
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00759-00201916-00202263 nationality law it states in article 3
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00760-00202264-00202533 this application does not however affect
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00761-00202534-00202776 the validity of past acts by the person
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00762-00202777-00203016 or rights acquired by third parties on
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00763-00203017-00203694 the basis of previous laws
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00764-00203695-00204429 topic modern times in the 1920s and
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00765-00204430-00204699 1930s members of the extreme right
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00766-00204700-00204917 action française movement expressed
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00767-00204919-00205140 strong animus against Hyuga notes and
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00768-00205141-00205359 other Protestants in general as well as
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00769-00205360-00205644 against Jews and Freemasons they were
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00770-00205644-00205881 regarded as groups supporting the French
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00771-00205882-00206121 Republic which action française sought
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00772-00206121-00206390 to overthrow in World War two Hugo knows
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00773-00206391-00206634 led by Andre trop may in the village of
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00774-00206635-00206889 Lashon Bhansali neon in sin UNS helped
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00775-00206890-00207204 save many jews they hid them in secret
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00776-00207205-00207435 places or helped him get out of Vichy
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00777-00207436-00207512 France
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00778-00207513-00207756 Andre trop may preached against
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00779-00207757-00207990 discrimination as the Nazis were gaining
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00780-00207991-00208194 power in neighboring Germany and urged
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00781-00208194-00208437 his Protestant Huguenots congregation to
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00782-00208438-00208665 hide Jewish refugees from the Holocaust
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00783-00208666-00208926 in the early 21st century there were
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00784-00208927-00209141 approximately 1 million Protestants in
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00785-00209142-00209409 France representing some 2% of its
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00786-00209410-00209712 population most are concentrated in
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00787-00209713-00209928 Alsace in northeast France and the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00788-00209929-00210165 Sinan's mountain region in the south who
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00789-00210166-00210405 still regard themselves as Hugo knows to
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00790-00210406-00210669 this day surveys suggests that
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00791-00210669-00210921 Protestantism has grown in recent years
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00792-00210921-00211110 though this is due primarily to the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00793-00211111-00211350 expansion of evangelical protestant
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00794-00211351-00211521 churches which particularly have
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00795-00211521-00211719 adherents among immigrant groups that
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00796-00211719-00211908 are generally considered distinct from
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00797-00211909-00212100 the French Huguenot population the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00798-00212101-00212321 diaspora of French Australians still
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00799-00212323-00212556 considers itself Hugo no even after
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00800-00212557-00212886 centuries of Exile long integrated into
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00801-00212887-00213150 Australian society it is encouraged by
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00802-00213151-00213360 the Hyuga no Society of Australia to
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00803-00213361-00213576 embrace and conserve its cultural
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00804-00213577-00213785 heritage aided by the Society's
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00805-00213786-00214041 genealogical research services in the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00806-00214042-00214266 United States there are several human Oh
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00807-00214267-00214578 worship groups and societies the Hyuga
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00808-00214579-00214833 no Society of America has headquarters
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00809-00214834-00215031 in New York City and has a broad
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00810-00215032-00215294 national membership one of the most
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00811-00215296-00215484 active human herb groups is in
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00812-00215485-00215667 Charleston South Carolina
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00813-00215667-00215916 while many American human ERV group's
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00814-00215917-00216123 worship in borrowed churches the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00815-00216123-00216351 congregation in Charleston has its own
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00816-00216352-00216419 church
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00817-00216421-00216705 although services are conducted largely
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00818-00216706-00216930 in English every year the church holds
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00819-00216931-00217059 an annual French
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00820-00217060-00217272 service which is conducted entirely in
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00821-00217273-00217471 French using an adaptation of the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00822-00217471-00217827 liturgies of nerf Chatel 1737 and Vallon
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00823-00217828-00218221 gun 1772 typically the annual French
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00824-00218221-00218491 service takes place on the 1st or 2nd
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00825-00218492-00218737 Sunday after Easter in commemoration of
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00826-00218738-00219438 the signing of the Edict of Nantes
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00827-00219439-00219980 topic Exodus
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00828-00219981-00220241 most French Huguenots were either unable
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00829-00220242-00220492 or unwilling to emigrate to avoid force
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00830-00220494-00220805 conversion to Roman Catholicism as a
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00831-00220806-00221044 result more than three-quarters of the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00832-00221046-00221234 Protestant population of 2 million
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00833-00221235-00221576 converted 1 million and 500,000 fled in
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00834-00221577-00222133 Exodus
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00835-00222134-00222829 topic early emigration to colonies the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00836-00222830-00223044 first Hyuga knows to leave France sought
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00837-00223046-00223296 freedom from persecution in Switzerland
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00838-00223298-00223561 and the Netherlands a group of Hyuga
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00839-00223562-00223762 knows was part of the French colonies
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00840-00223763-00224110 who arrived in Brazil in 1555 to found
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00841-00224111-00224428 France Antarctic a couple of ships with
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00842-00224429-00224653 around 500 people arrived at the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00843-00224654-00224932 Guanabara Bay present-day Rio de Janeiro
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00844-00224933-00225256 and settled on a small island a fort
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00845-00225257-00225496 named fort colony was built to protect
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00846-00225496-00225691 him from attack from the Portuguese
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00847-00225692-00226003 troops and Brazilian natives it was an
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00848-00226004-00226242 attempt to establish a French colony in
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00849-00226244-00226567 South America the fault was destroyed in
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00850-00226567-00226882 1560 by the Portuguese who captured some
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00851-00226883-00227128 of the Hyuga nose the Portuguese
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00852-00227129-00227335 threatened the Protestant prisoners with
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00853-00227336-00227539 death if they did not convert to Roman
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00854-00227540-00227869 Catholicism the Hyuga nose of Guanabara
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00855-00227869-00228106 as they are now known produced what is
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00856-00228107-00228310 known as the Guanabara confession of
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00857-00228311-00228573 faith to explain the beliefs the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00858-00228575-00229178 Portuguese executed them
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00859-00229179-00229725 topic South Africa
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00860-00229726-00229959 individual Hyuga knows settled at the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00861-00229960-00230256 Cape of Good Hope from as early as 1671
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00862-00230257-00230521 the first documented was Francois Villon
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00863-00230521-00230794 bilge Owen the first Hyuga know to
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00864-00230794-00231009 arrive at the Cape of Good Hope was
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00865-00231010-00231244 Maria della quillery wife of commander
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00866-00231244-00231463 yan van riebeck and daughter of a will
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00867-00231464-00231676 oon church minister who arrived on the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00868-00231677-00231957 6th of April 1652 to establish a
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00869-00231958-00232194 settlement at what is today Cape Town
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00870-00232194-00232479 the couple left for the Batavia ten
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00871-00232480-00232794 years later but it was not until the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00872-00232796-00233119 31st of December 1687 that the first
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00873-00233119-00233358 organized group of Hugo knows set sail
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00874-00233359-00233521 from the Netherlands to the Dutch East
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00875-00233521-00233757 India Company post at the Cape of Good
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00876-00233758-00234048 Hope the largest portion of the Hyuga
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00877-00234050-00234250 nose to settle in the Cape arrived
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00878-00234251-00234637 between 1688 and 1689 in seven ships as
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00879-00234638-00234865 part of the organised migration but
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00880-00234866-00235134 quite a few arrived as late as 1700
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00881-00235135-00235375 thereafter the numbers declined and only
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00882-00235376-00235719 small groups arrived at a time many of
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00883-00235721-00235932 these settlers were given land in an
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00884-00235933-00236215 area that was later called francesc for
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00885-00236216-00236551 French Corner in the present-day Western
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00886-00236552-00236805 Cape Province of South Africa a large
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00887-00236806-00237033 monument to commemorate the arrival of
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00888-00237034-00237244 the Hyuga nose in South Africa was
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00889-00237244-00237589 inaugurated on the 7th of April 1948 at
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00890-00237590-00237901 Franchot the Hyuga no Memorial Museum
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00891-00237902-00238125 was also erected there and opened in
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00892-00238126-00238519 1957 the official policy of the Dutch
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00893-00238519-00238726 East India governor's was to integrate
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00894-00238727-00238962 the Hyuga no and the Dutch communities
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00895-00238963-00239304 when Paul Roux a pastor who arrived with
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00896-00239305-00239515 the main group of Hyuga nose died in
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00897-00239516-00239805 1720 for the Dutch administration as a
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00898-00239806-00240025 special concession permitted another
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00899-00240026-00240273 French cleric to take his place for the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00900-00240275-00240507 benefit of the elderly who spoke only
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00901-00240508-00240844 French but with assimilation within
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00902-00240844-00241066 three generations the Hyuga nose had
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00903-00241067-00241288 generally adopted Dutch as the first and
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00904-00241289-00241617 home language many of the farms in the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00905-00241619-00241846 Western Cape Province in South Africa
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00906-00241846-00242169 still bear French names many families
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00907-00242171-00242446 today mostly Afrikaans speaking have
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00908-00242446-00242641 surnames indicating their French
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00909-00242642-00242807 Huguenot ancestry
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00910-00242808-00243100 examples include line aught silly
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00911-00243101-00243396 de Klerk Leclerc de villiers du Plessis
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00912-00243398-00243754 du Preez des pray Durant Durant Dutoit
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00913-00243755-00244009 duvan Hager do vintage Frank
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00914-00244010-00244359 Fouchet 4e flourish Chavez Gilley owe me
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00915-00244360-00244705 liliom ghost goose couch Hugo Jordan
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00916-00244706-00244996 Jordan Jew Bear Creek la busca Guinea
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00917-00244996-00245346 lobosgame LaRue Lombard Malan malabi
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00918-00245348-00245469 Marais Marie
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00919-00245471-00245800 Minar Mesut Nell Nell now de noche
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00920-00245801-00246202 naughtier PNR Pinard Retief Retief Rosso
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00921-00246203-00246457 Russo tell jarred tailored Terblanche
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00922-00246458-00246778 Ferran Ville Joanne villian and visit G
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00923-00246779-00247144 visit the wine industry in South Africa
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00924-00247144-00247342 owes a significant debt to the Hyuga
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00925-00247342-00247384 nose
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00926-00247385-00247606 some of whom had vineyards in France or
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00927-00247607-00247816 were brandy distillers and used the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00928-00247817-00248455 skills in their new home
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00929-00248456-00248994 topic north america
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00930-00248996-00249267 French Huguenots made two attempts to
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00931-00249269-00249576 establish a haven in North America in
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00932-00249577-00249906 1562 naval officer Jean ribbo led an
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00933-00249907-00250138 expedition that explored Florida and the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00934-00250139-00250404 present-day southeastern US and founded
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00935-00250405-00250629 the outpost of Charles fort on Parris
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00936-00250630-00250963 Island South Carolina the French Wars of
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00937-00250964-00251208 Religion precluded a return voyage and
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00938-00251209-00251641 the outpost was abandoned in 1564 rebo's
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00939-00251642-00251859 former leftenant Rene gulen de lor
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00940-00251860-00252073 Donnie air launched a second voyage to
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00941-00252073-00252273 build a colony he established Fort
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00942-00252275-00252490 Caroline in what is now Jacksonville
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00943-00252491-00252792 Florida war at home again precluded a
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00944-00252794-00252976 resupply mission and the colony
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00945-00252977-00253398 struggled in 1565 the Spanish decided to
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00946-00253400-00253596 enforce their claim to the Florida and
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00947-00253598-00253842 sent Pedro menéndez de avilés who
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00948-00253844-00254029 established the settlement of st.
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00949-00254030-00254346 Augustine near Fort Caroline Menon des
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00950-00254348-00254607 forces routed the French and executed
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00951-00254608-00254931 most of the Protestant captives barred
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00952-00254932-00255139 by the government from settling in New
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00953-00255140-00255423 France Hugo knows led by Jesse DeForest
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00954-00255425-00255742 sailed to North America in 1624 and
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00955-00255742-00255948 settled instead in the Dutch colony of
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00956-00255950-00256171 New Netherland later incorporated into
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00957-00256171-00256428 New York and New Jersey as well as Great
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00958-00256429-00256675 Britain's colonies including Nova Scotia
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00959-00256676-00256980 a number of new Amsterdam's families
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00960-00256981-00257196 were of Hyuga no origin often having
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00961-00257198-00257442 emigrated as refugees to the Netherlands
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00962-00257444-00257805 in the previous century in 1628 the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00963-00257806-00258054 Hyuga nose established a congregation as
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00964-00258055-00258250 League Lee's Francaise our land nouvelle
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00965-00258251-00258466 Amsterdam the French Church in New
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00966-00258467-00258807 Amsterdam this parish continues today as
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00967-00258808-00259069 leg Lee's du st. Esprit now a part of
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00968-00259069-00259312 the Episcopal Church USA Anglican
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00969-00259313-00259552 Communion and welcomes francophone New
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00970-00259553-00259837 Yorkers from all over the world upon
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00971-00259838-00260077 their arrival in New Amsterdam Hyuga
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00972-00260078-00260278 knows were offered land directly across
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00973-00260279-00260496 from Manhattan on Long Island for a
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00974-00260498-00260682 permanent settlement and chose the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00975-00260683-00260863 harbor at the end of Newtown Creek
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00976-00260864-00261100 becoming the first Europeans to live in
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00977-00261101-00261313 Brooklyn then known as Bushwick in the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00978-00261314-00261633 neighborhood now known as Bushwick Hyuga
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00979-00261634-00261882 no immigrants did not disperse or settle
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00980-00261883-00262083 in different parts of the country but
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00981-00262084-00262303 rather formed three societies or
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00982-00262304-00262416 congregation
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00983-00262417-00262659 one in the city of New York another 21
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00984-00262660-00262905 miles north of New York in a town which
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00985-00262906-00263097 they named New Rochelle and a third
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00986-00263098-00263478 further upstate in New Paltz the Hyuga
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00987-00263479-00263805 no Street historic district in New Paltz
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00988-00263806-00264009 has been designated a National Historic
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00989-00264010-00264273 Landmark site and contains the oldest
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00990-00264274-00264530 Street in the United States of America a
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00991-00264531-00264846 small group of Hyuga nodes also settled
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00992-00264847-00265020 on the south shore of Staten Island
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00993-00265021-00265278 along the New York Harbor for which the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00994-00265279-00265446 current neighborhood of Hyuga no was
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00995-00265447-00265806 named Hugo no refugees also settled in
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00996-00265807-00265998 the Delaware River Valley of eastern
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00997-00265999-00266229 Pennsylvania and Hunterdon County New
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00998-00266230-00266631 Jersey in 1725 French town in New Jersey
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-00999-00266632-00266913 bears the mark of early settlers New
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01000-00266914-00267117 Rochelle located in the county of
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01001-00267118-00267318 Westchester on the North Shore of Long
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01002-00267319-00267537 Island Sound seemed to be the great
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01003-00267538-00267752 location of the Hyuga nose in New York
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01004-00267753-00268023 it is said that they landed on the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01005-00268024-00268257 coastline Peninsula of Davenport's Neck
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01006-00268258-00268587 called bow phase point after traveling
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01007-00268588-00268776 from England where they had previously
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01008-00268777-00269007 taken refuge on account of religious
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01009-00269008-00269223 persecution four years before the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01010-00269224-00269505 revocation of the Edict of montt they
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01011-00269506-00269757 purchased from John Pell Lord of Pelham
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01012-00269758-00270006 Manor a tract of land consisting of six
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01013-00270007-00270219 thousand one hundred acres with the help
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01014-00270220-00270501 of Jacob leisler it was named New
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01015-00270502-00270729 Rochelle after La Rochelle their former
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01016-00270730-00271047 stronghold in France a small wooden
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01017-00271048-00271221 church was first erected in the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01018-00271222-00271452 community followed by a second church
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01019-00271453-00271755 that was built of stone previous to the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01020-00271756-00271968 erection of it the strongmen would often
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01021-00271969-00272232 walk 23 miles on Saturday evening the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01022-00272233-00272424 distance by the road from New Rochelle
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01023-00272425-00272702 to New York to attend the Sunday service
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01024-00272703-00273000 the church was eventually replaced by a
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01025-00273001-00273273 third Trinity Street Paul's Episcopal
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01026-00273274-00273489 Church which contains heirlooms
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01027-00273490-00273684 including the original Bell from the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01028-00273685-00273996 French Huguenot Church a Glee's du st. s
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01029-00273997-00274275 Barrett on Pine Street in New York City
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01030-00274276-00274509 which is preserved as a relic in the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01031-00274510-00274845 tower room the Hyuga no cemetery or the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01032-00274846-00275073 Hyuga no burial ground
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01033-00275074-00275331 has since been recognized as a historic
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01034-00275332-00275535 Cemetery that is the final resting place
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01035-00275536-00275772 for a wide range of the Hyuga no
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01036-00275773-00276033 early settlers and prominent citizens
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01037-00276034-00276305 dating back more than three centuries
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01038-00276306-00276582 some Hyuga know immigrants settled in
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01039-00276583-00276819 central and eastern Pennsylvania they
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01040-00276820-00277002 assimilated with the predominantly
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01041-00277003-00277266 Pennsylvania German settlers of the area
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01042-00277267-00277827 in 1770 bnotes migrated from england to
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01043-00277828-00278019 the colony of Virginia where the King
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01044-00278020-00278184 William the third of England had
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01045-00278185-00278367 promised him land grants in lower
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01046-00278368-00278622 Norfolk County when they arrived
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01047-00278623-00278862 colonial authorities offered him instead
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01048-00278863-00279090 land 20 miles above the falls of the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01049-00279091-00279303 James River at the abandoned monacan
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01050-00279304-00279540 village known as manikin town now in
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01051-00279541-00279882 Goochland County some settlers landed in
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01052-00279883-00280092 present-day Chesterfield County on the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01053-00280093-00280425 12th of May 1705 the Virginia General
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01054-00280426-00280709 Assembly passed an act to naturalize the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01055-00280710-00281025 148 Hyuga nose still resident at manikin
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01056-00281026-00281424 town of the original 390 settlers in the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01057-00281425-00281700 isolated settlement many had died others
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01058-00281701-00281922 lived outside town on farms in the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01059-00281923-00282123 English style and others moved to
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01060-00282124-00282381 different areas gradually they
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01061-00282382-00282516 intermarried with their English
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01062-00282517-00282752 neighbors through the 18th and 19th
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01063-00282753-00282996 centuries descendants of the French
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01064-00282997-00283224 migrated west into the Piedmont and
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01065-00283225-00283440 across the Appalachian Mountains into
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01066-00283441-00283638 the west of what became Kentucky
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01067-00283639-00283923 Tennessee Missouri and other states in
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01068-00283924-00284205 the Manneken town area the Hyuga no
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01069-00284206-00284424 memorial bridge across the James River
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01070-00284425-00284613 and hugenay Road were named in their
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01071-00284614-00284823 honor as were many local features
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01072-00284824-00285066 including several schools including
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01073-00285067-00285384 Hyuga no high school in the early years
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01074-00285385-00285633 many huger notes also settled in the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01075-00285634-00285846 area of present-day Charleston South
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01076-00285847-00286263 Carolina in 1685 Reverend Ely Prelude
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01077-00286264-00286484 from the town of pons in France was
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01078-00286485-00286662 among the first to settle there
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01079-00286663-00286947 he became pastor of the first Huguenots
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01080-00286948-00287171 Church in North America in that city
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01081-00287172-00287466 after the revocation of the Edict of
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01082-00287467-00287751 Nantes in 1685 several Hyuga nodes
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01083-00287752-00287952 including Edmund Boone of Suffolk
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01084-00287953-00288027 England
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01085-00288028-00288267 Pierre bakit of terrain France Jean
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01086-00288268-00288426 postal of Dieppe France
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01087-00288427-00288681 Alexander Pepin aunt want whatever nerve
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01088-00288682-00288906 or ceman France and Jack de bordo of
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01089-00288907-00289125 Grenoble emigrated to the Charleston
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01090-00289126-00289171 Orange
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01091-00289172-00289450 district they were very successful at
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01092-00289451-00289717 marriage and property speculation after
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01093-00289718-00289993 petitioning the British crown in 1697
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01094-00289994-00290170 for the right to own land in the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01095-00290171-00290398 Berenice they prospered as slave owners
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01096-00290399-00290677 on the Cooper ash boo Ashley in Santee
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01097-00290678-00290893 River plantations they purchased from
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01098-00290894-00291102 the British Landgrave Edmund Bellinger
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01099-00291103-00291384 some of the descendants moved into the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01100-00291385-00291568 deep south and Texas where they
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01101-00291569-00291885 developed new plantations the French
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01102-00291886-00292087 Huguenot church of Charleston which
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01103-00292088-00292312 remains independent is the oldest
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01104-00292313-00292573 continuously active human a congregation
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01105-00292574-00292900 in the United States leg Lee's do st.
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01106-00292901-00293227 Esprit in New York founded in 1628 is
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01107-00293228-00293440 older but it left the French reform
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01108-00293441-00293719 movement in 1804 to become part of the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01109-00293720-00294046 Episcopal Church most of the Hyuga know
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01110-00294047-00294307 congregations or individuals in North
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01111-00294308-00294541 America eventually affiliated with other
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01112-00294542-00294742 Protestant denominations with more
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01113-00294743-00295051 numerous members the Hyuga nose adapted
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01114-00295052-00295258 quickly and often married outside their
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01115-00295259-00295483 immediate French communities which led
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01116-00295484-00295765 to their assimilation their descendants
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01117-00295766-00296010 in many families continued to use French
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01118-00296011-00296203 first names and surnames for the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01119-00296204-00296493 children well into the 19th century
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01120-00296494-00296716 assimilated the French made numerous
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01121-00296717-00297009 contributions to United States economic
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01122-00297010-00297210 life especially as merchants and
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01123-00297211-00297457 artisans in the late colonial and early
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01124-00297458-00297904 federal periods for example a I DuPont a
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01125-00297905-00298222 former student of Lavoisier's the Alou
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01126-00298223-00298525 therian gunpowder mills Howard Hughes
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01127-00298526-00298824 famed investor pilot film director and
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01128-00298825-00299062 philanthropist was also of Hyuga no
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01129-00299063-00299263 dissent and descendant from Reverend
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01130-00299264-00299617 John GaN Oh Paul Revere was descended
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01131-00299618-00299859 from hugenay refugees as was Henry
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01132-00299860-00300070 Lawrence who signed the Articles of
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01133-00300071-00300289 Confederation for South Carolina
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01134-00300290-00300493 Jack Jewett who made the ride from
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01135-00300494-00300727 cuckoo tavern to Warren Thomas Jefferson
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01136-00300728-00300913 and others that Tarleton and his men
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01137-00300914-00301099 were on their way to arrest him for
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01138-00301100-00301306 crimes against the king reverend john
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01139-00301307-00301555 Garneau was a Revolutionary War chaplain
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01140-00301556-00301734 and spiritual advisor to George
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01141-00301735-00302002 Washington Francis Marion and a number
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01142-00302003-00302139 of other leaders of the American
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01143-00302140-00302467 Revolution and later statesman the last
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01144-00302468-00302554 active he
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01145-00302555-00302758 you know congregation in North America
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01146-00302759-00303022 worships in Charleston South Carolina at
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01147-00303023-00303406 a church that dates to 1844 the Hyuga no
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01148-00303407-00303631 society of america maintains the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01149-00303632-00303871 Manneken Episcopal Church in Virginia as
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01150-00303872-00304033 a historic shrine with occasional
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01151-00304034-00304408 services the Society has chapters in
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01152-00304409-00304606 numerous states with the one in Texas
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01153-00304607-00305212 being the largest
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01154-00305213-00305851 topic spoken language the Hyuga nose
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01155-00305852-00306067 originally spoke French on their arrival
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01156-00306068-00306322 in the American colonies but after two
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01157-00306323-00306544 or three generations they had switched
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01158-00306545-00306835 to English they did not promote French
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01159-00306836-00307066 language schools or publications and
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01160-00307067-00307471 lost their historic identity in upstate
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01161-00307472-00307648 New York they merged with the Dutch
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01162-00307649-00307885 Reformed community and switched first to
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01163-00307886-00308068 Dutch and then in the early nineteenth
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01164-00308069-00308404 century to English in colonial New York
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01165-00308405-00308584 City they switched from French to
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01166-00308585-00309330 English or Dutch by 1730
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01167-00309331-00309855 topic Netherlands
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01168-00309856-00310077 some Hyuga nose fought in the Low
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01169-00310078-00310284 Countries alongside the Dutch against
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01170-00310285-00310488 Spain during the first years of the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01171-00310489-00310917 Dutch Revolt 1568 to 1609 the Dutch
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01172-00310918-00311115 Republic rapidly became a destination
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01173-00311116-00311310 for Hugin of exiles
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01174-00311311-00311583 early ties were already visible in the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01175-00311584-00311946 apology of William the silent condemning
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01176-00311947-00312138 the Spanish Inquisition which was
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01177-00312139-00312366 written by his court Minister the Hyuga
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01178-00312367-00312605 no Pierre Loisel or Lord of villas
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01179-00312606-00312876 louise de Collini daughter of the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01180-00312877-00313080 murdered hugo no leader Gaspard de
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01181-00313081-00313326 Colony married William the silent leader
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01182-00313327-00313563 of the Dutch Calvinist revolt against
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01183-00313564-00313881 Spanish Catholic rule as both spoke
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01184-00313882-00314133 French in daily life the court Church in
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01185-00314134-00314298 the Princeton half in Delft Health
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01186-00314299-00314604 Services in French the practice has
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01187-00314605-00314817 continued to the present day the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01188-00314818-00315054 Princeton half is one of the 14 active
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01189-00315055-00315261 Walloon churches of the Dutch Reformed
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01190-00315262-00315456 Church now of the Protestant church in
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01191-00315457-00315774 the Netherlands the ties between Hugo
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01192-00315775-00315981 nodes and the Dutch Republic's military
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01193-00315982-00316179 and political leadership the house of
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01194-00316180-00316413 orange-nassau which existed since the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01195-00316414-00316626 early days of the Dutch Revolt helped
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01196-00316627-00316830 support the many early settlements of
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01197-00316831-00317016 Hugo nodes in the Dutch Republic's
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01198-00317017-00317292 colonies they settled at the Cape of
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01199-00317293-00317502 Good Hope in South Africa and New
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01200-00317503-00317850 Netherland in North America stadt holder
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01201-00317851-00318045 William the third of Orange who later
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01202-00318046-00318270 became King of England emerged as the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01203-00318271-00318540 strongest opponent of king louis xiv
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01204-00318541-00318717 after the french attacked the dutch
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01205-00318718-00319110 republic in 1672 william formed the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01206-00319111-00319329 League of Augsburg as a coalition to
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01207-00319330-00319568 oppose Louis in the French state
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01208-00319569-00319854 consequently many Hugo notes considered
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01209-00319855-00320043 the wealthy and Calvinists controlled
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01210-00320044-00320262 Dutch Republic which also happened to
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01211-00320263-00320550 lead the opposition to louis xiv as the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01212-00320551-00320778 most attractive country for exile after
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01213-00320779-00321126 the revocation of the Edict of Nantes Oh
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01214-00321127-00321333 found many french-speaking Calvinist
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01215-00321334-00321516 churches there which were called the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01216-00321517-00321903 were lune churches after the revocation
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01217-00321904-00322320 of the Edict of Nantes a largest group
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01218-00322321-00322587 of Hugo no refugees an estimated total
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01219-00322588-00323049 of 75,000 to 100,000 people amongst them
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01220-00323050-00323223 were two hundred pastors
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01221-00323224-00323463 many came from the region of the Sen ins
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01222-00323464-00323727 for instance the village of fries net de
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01223-00323728-00324048 la sorry this was a huge influx as the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01224-00324049-00324243 entire population of the Dutch Republic
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01225-00324244-00324548 amounted to see a 2 million at that time
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01226-00324549-00324894 around 1700 it is estimated that nearly
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01227-00324895-00325254 25% of the Amsterdam population was Hugo
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01228-00325255-00325665 no in 1705 Amsterdam and the area of
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01229-00325666-00325859 West frisia were the first areas to
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01230-00325860-00326112 provide full citizens rights to Hugo no
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01231-00326113-00326313 immigrants followed by the whole Dutch
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01232-00326314-00326724 Republic in 1715 Hugo knows intermarried
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01233-00326725-00327032 with Dutch from the outset one of the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01234-00327033-00327267 most prominent Hugo no refugees in the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01235-00327268-00327576 Netherlands was Pierre Bayle he started
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01236-00327577-00327762 teaching in Rotterdam where he finished
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01237-00327763-00327987 writing and publishing his multi-volume
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01238-00327988-00328245 masterpiece historical in critical
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01239-00328246-00328554 dictionary it became one of the 100
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01240-00328555-00328791 foundational texts of the u.s. Library
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01241-00328792-00329127 of Congress some Hugo no descendants in
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01242-00329128-00329333 the Netherlands may be noted by French
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01243-00329334-00329547 family names although they typically use
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01244-00329548-00329874 Dutch given names due to the Hyuga no
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01245-00329875-00330081 surly ties with the leadership of the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01246-00330082-00330255 Dutch Revolt in their own participation
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01247-00330256-00330546 some of the Dutch Patricia ater of part
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01248-00330547-00330864 Hugo no dissent some Hugo no families
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01249-00330865-00331125 have kept alive various traditions such
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01250-00331126-00331320 as the celebration and feast of their
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01251-00331321-00331554 patron saint nicolas similar to the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01252-00331555-00332318 dutch sint-niklaas sinter Klass feast
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01253-00332319-00332834 topic wails
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01254-00332835-00333098 a number of French Huguenot settled in
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01255-00333099-00333311 Wales in the upper Romney Valley of the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01256-00333312-00333587 current carefully county borough the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01257-00333588-00333800 community they created there is still
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01258-00333801-00334007 known as Fleur de lists the symbol of
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01259-00334008-00334250 France an unusual French village named
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01260-00334251-00334477 in the heart of the valleys of Wales
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01261-00334478-00334769 nearby villagers are hanged and the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01262-00334770-00334997 Strad Minik apart from the french
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01263-00334998-00335198 village name and that of the local rugby
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01264-00335199-00335264 team
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01265-00335265-00335522 fleur-de-lys RFC little remains of the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01266-00335523-00336120 French heritage
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01267-00336121-00336806 topic England both before and after the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01268-00336807-00337074 1708 passage of the foreign Protestants
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01269-00337075-00337389 Naturalization Act an estimated 50,000
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01270-00337390-00337610 Protestant Walloons and French juveniles
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01271-00337611-00337851 fled to England with many moving on to
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01272-00337852-00338139 Ireland and elsewhere in relative terms
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01273-00338140-00338370 this was one of the largest waves of
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01274-00338371-00338579 immigration ever of a single ethnic
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01275-00338580-00338904 community to Britain and rule or t born
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01276-00338905-00339195 Andre law T a leading hugenay theologian
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01277-00339196-00339417 and writer who led the Exile community
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01278-00339418-00339672 in London became known for articulating
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01279-00339673-00339846 the criticism of the Pope and the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01280-00339847-00340074 doctrine of transubstantiation during
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01281-00340075-00340428 mass of the refugees who arrived on the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01282-00340429-00340658 Kent coast many gravitated towards
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01283-00340659-00340883 Canterbury then the county's Calvinist
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01284-00340884-00341193 hub many Walloon and Hyuga no families
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01285-00341194-00341456 were granted asylum there Edward the six
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01286-00341457-00341646 granted him the whole of the Western
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01287-00341647-00341841 crypt of Canterbury Cathedral for
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01288-00341842-00342209 worship in 1825 this privilege was
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01289-00342210-00342516 reduced to the South Island in 1895 to
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01290-00342517-00342717 the former Chantry Chapel of the Black
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01291-00342718-00343041 Prince services are still held there in
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01292-00343042-00343215 French according to the reformed
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01293-00343216-00343566 tradition every Sunday at 3 p.m. other
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01294-00343567-00343784 evidence of the Walloons and Hugo knows
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01295-00343785-00344009 in Canterbury includes a block of houses
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01296-00344010-00344277 in Turnagain Lane where Weaver's windows
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01297-00344278-00344528 survive on the top floor as many Hugo
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01298-00344529-00344817 knows worked as Weaver's the weavers a
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01299-00344818-00345069 half-timbered house by the river was the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01300-00345070-00345257 site of a weaving school from the late
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01301-00345258-00345653 16th century to about 1830 it has been
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01302-00345654-00345956 adapted as a restaurant see illustration
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01303-00345957-00346203 above the house derives its name from a
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01304-00346204-00346413 weaving school which was moved there in
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01305-00346414-00346592 the last years of the 19th century
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01306-00346593-00346880 reviving an earlier use other refugees
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01307-00346881-00347080 practiced a variety of occupations
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01308-00347081-00347346 necessary to sustain the community as
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01309-00347347-00347584 distinct from the indigenous population
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01310-00347585-00347877 such economic separation was the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01311-00347878-00348069 condition of the refugees initial
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01312-00348070-00348387 acceptance in the city they also settled
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01313-00348388-00348624 elsewhere in Kent particularly Sandwich
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01314-00348625-00348905 Faversham and Maidstone towns in which
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01315-00348906-00349248 they used to be refugee churches the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01316-00349249-00349464 French Protestant Church of London was
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01317-00349465-00349502 as
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01318-00349503-00349901 by Royal Charter in 1550 it is now
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01319-00349902-00350222 located at Soho square Hyuga no refugees
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01320-00350223-00350453 flocked to Shoreditch London they
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01321-00350454-00350699 established a major weaving industry in
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01322-00350700-00350936 and around Spitalfields see Petticoat
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01323-00350937-00351107 Lane and the tender ground in East
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01324-00351108-00351404 London in once worth the gardening
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01325-00351405-00351641 skills benefited the Battersea market
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01326-00351642-00351890 gardens the flight of Hubie no refuge
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01327-00351891-00352151 ease from tall's France drew off most of
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01328-00352152-00352334 the workers of its great silk mills
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01329-00352335-00352583 which they had built some of these
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01330-00352584-00352799 immigrants moved to Norwich which had
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01331-00352800-00353003 accommodated an earlier settlement of
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01332-00353004-00353300 Walloon weavers the French added to the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01333-00353301-00353507 existing immigrant population then
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01334-00353508-00353684 comprising about a third of the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01335-00353685-00354011 population of the city some Hyuga knows
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01336-00354012-00354242 settled in Bedford sure one of the main
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01337-00354243-00354473 centers of the British lace industry at
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01338-00354474-00354700 the time although nineteenth-century
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01339-00354701-00354953 sources have asserted that some of these
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01340-00354954-00355163 refugees were lace makers and
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01341-00355164-00355364 contributed to the East Midlands lace
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01342-00355365-00355688 industry this is contentious the only
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01343-00355689-00355901 reference to immigrant lace makers in
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01344-00355902-00356192 this period is of 25 widows who settled
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01345-00356193-00356413 in Dover and there is no contemporary
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01346-00356414-00356624 documentation to support their being
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01347-00356625-00356930 Hyuga no lace makers in Bedford sure the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01348-00356931-00357155 implication that the style of lace known
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01349-00357156-00357395 as box Point demonstrates a Hyuga no
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01350-00357396-00357674 influence being a combination of meklin
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01351-00357675-00357983 patterns on Lille ground is fallacious
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01352-00357984-00358232 what is now known as mechlin lace did
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01353-00358233-00358445 not develop until the first half of the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01354-00358446-00358655 18th century and lace with meklin
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01355-00358656-00358880 patterns and Lille ground did not appear
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01356-00358881-00359111 until the end of the 18th century when
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01357-00359112-00359315 it was widely copied throughout Europe
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01358-00359316-00359489 many Hyuga knows from the lorraine
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01359-00359490-00359723 region also eventually settled in the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01360-00359724-00359906 area around Stourbridge in the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01361-00359907-00360104 modern-day West Midlands where they
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01362-00360105-00360314 found the raw materials and fuel to
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01363-00360315-00360553 continue the glass making tradition
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01364-00360554-00360875 anglicized names such as Tyzack Henze
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01365-00360876-00361079 and tea tree are regularly found amongst
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01366-00361080-00361283 the early glass makers and the region
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01367-00361284-00361445 went on to become one of the most
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01368-00361446-00361645 important glass regions in the country
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01369-00361646-00361904 Winston Churchill was probably one of
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01370-00361905-00362105 the most prominent people of Hyuga know
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01371-00362106-00362288 descent deriving from his American
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01372-00362289-00362614 grandfather Leonard Jerome
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01373-00362615-00362970 you
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01374-00362971-00363642 topic Island following the French crowns
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01375-00363643-00363921 revocation of the Edict of Nantes you go
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01376-00363922-00364176 nose settled in Ireland in the late 17th
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01377-00364177-00364440 and early 18th centuries encouraged by
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01378-00364441-00364590 an act of parliament for Protestants
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01379-00364591-00364941 settling in Ireland Hyuga no regiments
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01380-00364942-00365130 fought for william of orange in the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01381-00365131-00365364 Williamite war in Ireland for which they
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01382-00365365-00365556 were rewarded with land grants and
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01383-00365557-00365828 titles many settling in Dublin
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01384-00365829-00366084 significant Hyuga no settlements were in
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01385-00366085-00366354 Dublin Cork Port Arlington Lisburn
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01386-00366355-00366663 Waterford and all smaller settlements
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01387-00366664-00366930 which included kill Chandra in County
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01388-00366931-00367170 Cavan contributed to the expansion of
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01389-00367171-00367377 flax cultivation and the growth of the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01390-00367378-00367818 Irish linen industry for over 150 years
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01391-00367819-00368013 hugo nodes were allowed to hold the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01392-00368014-00368241 services in lady chapel in Saint
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01393-00368242-00368544 Patrick's Cathedral a Hyuga no cemetery
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01394-00368545-00368775 is located in the center of Dublin off
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01395-00368776-00369069 st. Stephen's Green prior to its
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01396-00369070-00369285 establishment Hugo knows used the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01397-00369286-00369479 cabbage garden near the Cathedral
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01398-00369480-00369801 another Hyuga no cemetery is located off
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01399-00369802-00370146 French Church Street in Cork a number of
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01400-00370147-00370380 Hyuga nose served as mares in Dublin
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01401-00370381-00370674 Cork yawl and Waterford in the 17th and
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01402-00370675-00370992 18th centuries numerous signs of human
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01403-00370993-00371226 Oh presence can still be seen with names
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01404-00371227-00371472 still in use and with areas of the main
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01405-00371473-00371718 towns and cities named after the people
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01406-00371719-00372006 who settled there examples include the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01407-00372007-00372207 Hyuga no district and French Church
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01408-00372208-00372480 Street in Cork City and dalire Street in
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01409-00372481-00372711 Dublin named after a high sheriff and
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01410-00372712-00372873 one of the founders of the Bank of
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01411-00372874-00373134 Ireland a French Church in Port
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01412-00373135-00373458 Arlington dates back to sixty 96 and was
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01413-00373459-00373686 built to serve the significant new Hyuga
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01414-00373687-00373971 no community in the town at the time
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01415-00373972-00374196 they constituted the majority of the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01416-00374197-00374388 townspeople one of the more notable
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01417-00374389-00374601 Hyuga no descendants in Ireland was
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01418-00374602-00374973 Shaun the Mass 1899 to 1971 who was
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01419-00374974-00375258 appointed as tea shik serving from 1959
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01420-00375259-00375949 until 1966
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01421-00375950-00376641 topic Germany and Scandinavia around
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01422-00376642-00376963 1685 Hyuga no refugees found a safe
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01423-00376964-00377160 haven in the Lutheran and Reformed
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01424-00377161-00377494 states in Germany and Scandinavia nearly
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01425-00377495-00377707 50,000 Hyuga notes established
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01426-00377708-00377971 themselves in Germany 20,000 of whom
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01427-00377972-00378127 were welcomed in brandenburg-prussia
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01428-00378128-00378373 where Frederick William elector of
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01429-00378374-00378781 Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia are 1649
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01430-00378782-00378904 to 69
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01431-00378905-00379174 granted and special privileges Edict of
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01432-00379175-00379509 Potsdam of 1685 and churches in which to
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01433-00379510-00379717 worship such as the Church of st. Peter
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01434-00379718-00379966 and st. Paul Angermann dand the French
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01435-00379967-00380235 Cathedral Berlin the Hyuga knows
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01436-00380236-00380482 furnished two new regiments of his army
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01437-00380483-00380709 the old procedure infantry regiments
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01438-00380710-00381022 number 13 regiment on foot baron and 15
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01439-00381023-00381243 regiment on foot while äj--
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01440-00381244-00381568 another 4,000 hugo knows settled in the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01441-00381569-00381832 German territories of bharden Franconia
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01442-00381833-00382105 principality of by roit principality of
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01443-00382106-00382396 Ansbach landgrave of hesse-kassel duchy
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01444-00382397-00382570 of burton burg in the wetter AO
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01445-00382571-00382833 association of imperial counts in the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01446-00382834-00383074 Palatinate and Palatinate spy broken in
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01447-00383075-00383283 the rhine main area frankfurt in
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01448-00383284-00383599 modern-day Saarland and 1500 found
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01449-00383600-00383830 refuge in Hamburg Bremen and Lower
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01450-00383831-00384207 Saxony 300 refugees were granted asylum
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01451-00384208-00384454 at the court of george william duke of
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01452-00384455-00384817 brunswick-lüneburg in cell in berlin the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01453-00384818-00385048 Hyuga nose created two new neighborhoods
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01454-00385049-00385371 dorothy n-- stat and friedrich start i
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01455-00385372-00385651 1700 one-fifth of the city's population
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01456-00385652-00385908 was french-speaking the berlin Hyuga
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01457-00385909-00386116 nose preserved the french language in
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01458-00386117-00386340 the church services for nearly a century
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01459-00386341-00386614 they ultimately decided to switch to
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01460-00386615-00386869 German in protest against the occupation
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01461-00386870-00387328 of Prussia by Napoleon in 1806 207 many
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01462-00387329-00387565 of the descendants rose to positions of
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01463-00387566-00387820 prominence several congregations were
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01464-00387821-00387982 founded throughout Germany and
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01465-00387983-00388225 Scandinavia such as those of Frederick
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01466-00388226-00388531 Denmark Berlin Stockholm hamburg
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01467-00388532-00388921 frankfurt Helsinki and Endon Prince
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01468-00388922-00389133 Louie de Conde along with his sons
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01469-00389134-00389329 Daniel and osseous arranged
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01470-00389330-00389560 with count Ludwig von nassau Saarbrucken
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01471-00389561-00389788 to establish a humanoid community in
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01472-00389789-00390148 present-day Saarland in 1604 the count
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01473-00390149-00390361 supported mercantilism and welcome
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01474-00390362-00390568 technically skilled immigrants into his
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01475-00390569-00390796 lands regardless of their religion
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01476-00390797-00391035 the Condes established a thriving
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01477-00391036-00391318 glassmaking Works which provided wealth
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01478-00391319-00391633 to the Principality for many years other
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01479-00391634-00391888 founding families created enterprises
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01480-00391889-00392131 based on textiles and such traditional
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01481-00392132-00392440 Hyuga no occupations in France the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01482-00392441-00392665 community and its congregation remain
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01483-00392666-00392887 active to this day with descendents of
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01484-00392888-00393079 many of the founding families still
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01485-00393080-00393358 living in the region some members of
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01486-00393359-00393598 this community emigrated to the United
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01487-00393599-00394021 States in the 1890s in bad car Chafin
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01488-00394022-00394276 hessen/germany is the Hyuga no Museum
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01489-00394277-00394558 and Huber no archive the collection
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01490-00394559-00394825 includes family histories a library and
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01491-00394826-00395464 a picture archive
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01492-00395465-00396183 topic effects of the Exodus the exodus
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01493-00396184-00396405 of Hyuga knows from France created a
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01494-00396406-00396624 brain drain as many Hugo knows had
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01495-00396625-00396978 occupied important places in society the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01496-00396979-00397203 kingdom did not fully recover for years
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01497-00397204-00397482 the French crowns refusal to allow non
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01498-00397483-00397720 Catholics to settle in New France may
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01499-00397721-00397915 help to explain that colonies low
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01500-00397916-00398109 population compared to that of the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01501-00398110-00398296 neighboring British colonies which
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01502-00398297-00398470 opened settlement to religious
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01503-00398471-00398775 dissenters by the time of the French and
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01504-00398776-00399006 Indian War the North American front of
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01505-00399007-00399273 the Seven Years War a sizable population
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01506-00399274-00399490 of humanoid descent lived in the British
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01507-00399491-00399732 colonies and many participated in the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01508-00399733-00400101 British defeat of New France in 1759 260
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01509-00400102-00400348 Frederick William elector of Brandenburg
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01510-00400349-00400575 invited Hugo knows to settle in his
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01511-00400576-00400789 realms and a number of the descendants
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01512-00400790-00400996 rose to positions of prominence in
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01513-00400997-00401263 Prussia several prominent German
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01514-00401264-00401515 military cultural and political figures
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01515-00401516-00401746 were ethnic Hugo No including poet
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01516-00401747-00401955 Theodore Fontaine General Hermann von
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01517-00401956-00402201 Francois the hero of the first world
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01518-00402202-00402439 wars Battle of Tannenberg Luftwaffe
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01519-00402440-00402672 general and fighter ace Adolf Galland
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01520-00402673-00402895 Luftwaffe flying ace hands yoki
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01521-00402896-00403117 Marseille and famed u-boat captain
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01522-00403118-00403425 Lothar von Arnold de Laperriere the last
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01523-00403426-00403602 Prime Minister of the East German
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01524-00403603-00403779 Democratic Republic
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01525-00403780-00404031 Luther de Maiziere is also a descendant
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01526-00404032-00404239 of a Huguenot family as it's the German
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01527-00404240-00404446 Federal Minister of the Interior
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01528-00404447-00404775 Thomas de Maiziere the persecution and
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01529-00404776-00405000 fight of the Hyuga nose greatly damaged
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01530-00405001-00405258 the reputation of louis xiv abroad
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01531-00405259-00405562 particularly in england the two kingdoms
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01532-00405563-00405796 which had enjoyed peaceful relations
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01533-00405797-00406134 prior to 1685 became bitter enemies and
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01534-00406135-00406329 fought against each other in a series of
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01535-00406330-00406642 wars called the second Hundred Years War
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01536-00406643-00407507 by some historians from 1689 onward
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01537-00407508-00408163 topic 1985 apology
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01538-00408164-00408514 in October 1985 to commemorate the tri
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01539-00408515-00408721 centenary of the revocation of the Edict
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01540-00408722-00408960 of Nantes identify on Swami Tirana
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01541-00408961-00409216 France announced a formal apology to the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01542-00409217-00409404 descendants of Hyuga nose around the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01543-00409405-00409693 world at the same time the government
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01544-00409693-00409912 released a special postage stamp in
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01545-00409913-00410160 their honor reading France is the home
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01546-00410161-00410978 of the Hyuga nose accueil des Hyuga nose
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01547-00410979-00411514 topic legacy
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01548-00411515-00411791 Hyuga no legacy persists both in France
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01549-00411792-00412332 and abroad
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01550-00412333-00413043 topic France several French Protestant
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01551-00413045-00413275 churches are descended from all tied to
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01552-00413276-00413568 the Hyuga knows including Reformed
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01553-00413570-00413824 Church of France legalese reform aid of
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01554-00413825-00414145 France founded in 1559 the historical
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01555-00414146-00414352 and principal Reformed Church in France
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01556-00414353-00414577 since the Protestant Reformation until
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01557-00414578-00414822 its 2013 merger into the United
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01558-00414824-00415174 Protestant Church of France evangelical
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01559-00415175-00415375 Reformed Church of France Union
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01560-00415376-00415614 Nationale des eglee's is protest on Sray
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01561-00415616-00415801 form a a Vanga leaks to France
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01562-00415802-00416209 founded in 1938 some French members of
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01563-00416210-00416425 the largely German Protestant Reformed
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01564-00416426-00416991 Church of Alsace and Lorraine
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01565-00416992-00417874 topic United States by on New Jersey for
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01566-00417875-00418063 term Republican United States
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01567-00418064-00418309 representative Howard Herman Buffett was
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01568-00418310-00418626 of Hyuga no dissent Charleston South
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01569-00418627-00418872 Carolina is home to the only active
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01570-00418873-00419089 Hyuga know congregation in the United
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01571-00419089-00419500 States in 1924 the US issued a
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01572-00419501-00419713 commemorative half-dollar known as the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01573-00419714-00419985 Hyuga no Walloon half-dollar to
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01574-00419987-00420238 celebrate the 300th anniversary of the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01575-00420239-00420435 Hyuga no settlement in what is now the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01576-00420437-00420850 United States French town New Jersey
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01577-00420851-00421072 part of the larger Delaware River Valley
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01578-00421072-00421418 was a settling area in the early 1700s
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01579-00421419-00421689 the Hyuga no neighborhood in New York
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01580-00421690-00421854 City's borough of Staten Island
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01581-00421855-00422218 straddling Hyuga no Avenue Hyuga no
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01582-00422218-00422481 Memorial Park in Jacksonville Florida
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01583-00422482-00422806 the early leaders John J and Paul Revere
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01584-00422807-00423147 were of Hyuga no dissent the mannequin
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01585-00423148-00423391 town Church serves as a national Cubano
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01586-00423392-00423751 memorial Francis Marion an American
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01587-00423752-00423970 Revolutionary War guerrilla fighter in
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01588-00423971-00424228 South Carolina was a predominantly Hyuga
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01589-00424229-00424708 no ancestry New Paltz New York New
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01590-00424709-00424927 Rochelle New York named for the city of
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01591-00424928-00425149 La Rochelle a known former Hyuga no
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01592-00425150-00425455 stronghold in France the Hyuga no and
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01593-00425456-00425668 Historical Association of New Rochelle
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01594-00425668-00426016 was organized in 1885 for the purpose of
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01595-00426017-00426243 perpetuating the history of its original
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01596-00426244-00426543 Hyuga no settlers the mascot of New
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01597-00426544-00426775 Rochelle high school is the Hyuga no and
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01598-00426776-00427003 one of the main streets in the city is
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01599-00427004-00427443 called Huber no Street John painted 1759
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01600-00427444-00427774 to 1854 a descendent of Hugo knows and
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01601-00427775-00427987 prosperous New York City merchants who
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01602-00427988-00428220 was involved in various New York City
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01603-00428221-00428541 organizations hinted was credited with
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01604-00428542-00428772 establishing the modern conception of
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01605-00428773-00429133 Santa Claus in Richmond Virginia and the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01606-00429134-00429334 neighboring Chesterfield County there is
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01607-00429335-00429652 a Hyuga no Road a Hyuga no high school
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01608-00429653-00429859 in Richmond and Hyuga no Park in
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01609-00429860-00430072 Chesterfield County along with several
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01610-00430072-00430276 other uses of the name throughout the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01611-00430277-00430372 region commend
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01612-00430372-00430710 the early refugee settlers Walloon
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01613-00430712-00430968 settlers Memorial located in Battery
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01614-00430970-00431221 Park is a monument given to the city of
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01615-00431222-00431434 New York by the Belgian province of hey
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01616-00431435-00431632 naught in honor of the inspiration of
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01617-00431633-00431916 Jesse DeForest in founding New York City
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01618-00431917-00432166 baron de cartier de marchi n
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01619-00432167-00432385 representing the government and albert
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01620-00432385-00432628 the first king of belgium presented the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01621-00432629-00432859 monument to merge on f highland for the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01622-00432860-00433675 city of new york the 18th of May 1924
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01623-00433676-00434310 topic England there is a Hyuga no
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01624-00434312-00434554 society in London as well as a French
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01625-00434555-00434779 Protestant Church of London founded in
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01626-00434780-00435058 1550 in Soho Square which is still
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01627-00435059-00435313 active and also is a registered charity
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01628-00435314-00435754 since 1926 Hyuga knows of Spitalfields
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01629-00435755-00436006 is a registered charity promoting public
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01630-00436007-00436207 understanding of the Hyuga know heritage
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01631-00436208-00436453 and culture in Spitalfields the City of
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01632-00436454-00436747 London and beyond they arranged tall's
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01633-00436747-00437041 talks events and schools programs to
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01634-00437042-00437209 raise the Hyuga no profile in
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01635-00437210-00437410 Spitalfields and raise funds for a
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01636-00437410-00437688 permanent memorial to the Hyuga knows
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01637-00437689-00437953 Canterbury Cathedral retains a Huguenot
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01638-00437954-00438235 Chapel in the black princes Chantry part
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01639-00438235-00438433 of the Crypt which is accessible from
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01640-00438434-00438733 the exterior of the cathedral the chapel
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01641-00438734-00438976 was granted to Hyuga no refugees on the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01642-00438977-00439230 orders of Queen Elizabeth the first in
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01643-00439231-00439635 1575 to this day the chapel still holds
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01644-00439637-00439882 services in French every Sunday at 3
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01645-00439883-00440418 p.m.
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01646-00440420-00440912 topic crusher
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01647-00440913-00441195 Hyuga no refugees in Prussia are thought
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01648-00441196-00441426 to have contributed significantly to the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01649-00441427-00441645 development of the textile industry in
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01650-00441646-00441975 that country one notable example was
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01651-00441976-00442214 martyred a rural governess of Prussian
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01652-00442215-00442428 Kings Frederick William the 1st and
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01653-00442429-00443023 Frederick the Great
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01654-00443024-00443758 topic Island Shawn Francis Lamaze Teesha
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01655-00443759-00444154 cover island from 1959 to 1966 was of
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01656-00444155-00444754 Hyuga no descent
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01657-00444755-00445299 topic South Africa
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01658-00445300-00445566 most South African Hyuga knows settled
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01659-00445567-00445755 in the cake colony where they became
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01660-00445756-00445971 assimilated into the Afrikaner an
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01661-00445972-00446253 Afrikaans population many modern
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01662-00446254-00446489 afrikaners have French surnames which
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01663-00446491-00446712 are given Afrikaans pronunciation and
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01664-00446713-00446993 orthography the early immigrants settled
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01665-00446995-00447375 in frantic French corner near Cape Town
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01666-00447376-00447618 the Hyuga nose contributed greatly to
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01667-00447618-00448304 the wine industry in South Africa
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01668-00448305-00448822 topic Australia
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01669-00448823-00449084 the majority of Australians with French
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01670-00449085-00449335 ancestry are descended from Hyuga nose
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01671-00449337-00449543 some of the earliest to arrive in
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01672-00449543-00449780 Australia held prominent positions in
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01673-00449781-00450043 English society notably Jane Franklin
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01674-00450045-00450353 and Charles Latrobe others who came
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01675-00450354-00450522 later were from poorer families
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01676-00450523-00450800 migrating from England in the 19th and
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01677-00450801-00451031 early 20th centuries to escape the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01678-00451032-00451247 poverty of London's East End Hyuga no
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01679-00451247-00451466 enclaves of Spitalfields and Bethnal
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01680-00451467-00451735 Green their impoverishment had been
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01681-00451737-00451907 brought on by the Industrial Revolution
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01682-00451908-00452159 which caused the collapse of the Hyuga
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01683-00452160-00452389 know dominated silk weaving industry
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01684-00452389-00452678 many French Australian descendants of
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01685-00452679-00452845 Hyuga nose still consider themselves
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01686-00452846-00453145 very much Hyuga nose or French even in
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01687-00453146-00453800 the 21st century
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01688-00453801-00454124 topic see also
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01689-00454125-00454352 you
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01690-00454353-00454730 Bible translations into French French
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01691-00454731-00455104 confession of faith list of Hyuga knows
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01692-00455105-00455507 Hyuga no church charleston SC the only
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01693-00455508-00455722 active French Calvinists or Hyuga no
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01694-00455724-00455935 congregations still existing in the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01695-00455937-00456435 United States Hyuga no Staten Island
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01696-00456437-00456772 Hyuga no street historic district
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01697-00456772-00457135 industrial revolution Les Huguenots
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01698-00457137-00457571 opera gila bo house will lune Church
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01699-00457572-00457796 French speaking Dutch reform
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01700-00457797-00458066 congregations adhere to by war loons and
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01701-00458067-00458450 French Huguenots Walden's Ian's another
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01702-00458451-00458654 Protestant group persecuted alongside
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01703-00458655-00458906 Hugo knows by Francis the first of
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01704-00458907-00459299 France Saltzburg Protestants German
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01705-00459300-00459458 Protestants expelled from the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01706-00459459-00460039 archbishopric of salzburg
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01707-00460039-00460591 topic notes
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01708-00460592-00460879 topic further reading bed Charles W
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01709-00460880-00461131 history of the Hyuga no immigration to
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01710-00461132-00461397 America genealogical publishing company
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01711-00461399-00461881 published 1885 reprinted 1998 ISBN 978
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01712-00461882-00462352 Oh 806 305 five four seven Butler John
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01713-00462353-00462670 the Hyuga notes in America a refugee
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01714-00462671-00463027 people in new world society 1992 cought
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01715-00463028-00463216 wrote bernhard the Hyuga knows in
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01716-00463217-00463452 england immigration and settlement
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01717-00463453-00463689 Cambridge and Paris Cambridge University
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01718-00463691-00464089 Press 1991 deef and Dorf
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01719-00464089-00464332 Barbara be beneath the cross Catholics
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01720-00464333-00464616 and Hugo knows in 16th century Paris
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01721-00464617-00464964 1991 excerpt and text search Gilman see
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01722-00464966-00465247 Malcolm the Hyuga no migration in Europe
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01723-00465247-00465607 and America its cause and effect 1962
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01724-00465608-00465850 closure Matthew and David honor King
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01725-00465851-00466222 Ed's war religion and service Hugo no
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01726-00466222-00466732 soldiering 1685 - 17 13 2007 glue Xia
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01727-00466733-00466978 Matthew the Hyuga no soldiers of William
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01728-00466979-00467203 of Orange and the Glorious Revolution of
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01729-00467204-00467605 1688 the lines of Judah Brighton 2002
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01730-00467606-00467866 Gwyn Robin D Hugo no heritage the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01731-00467867-00468064 history and contribution of the Hyuga
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01732-00468064-00468178 nose in England
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01733-00468179-00468616 routledge & kegan paul 1985 camel neil
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01734-00468617-00468838 fortress of the soul violence
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01735-00468839-00468949 metaphysics
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01736-00468950-00469180 and material life in the Hyuga nose new
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01737-00469181-00469345 world 1517
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01738-00469346-00469906 - 1751 johns hopkins you press 2005 1058
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01739-00469907-00470188 vp Latian icked suzanne Hyuga no
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01740-00470189-00470410 immigrants and the formation of national
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01741-00470410-00470833 identities 15:48 - 1787 historical
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01742-00470834-00471478 journal 2007 52 309 - 331 lots human ute
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01743-00471479-00471712 confessional migration of the reformed
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01744-00471713-00471937 the Hyuga nose european history online
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01745-00471938-00472327 minds Institute of European history 2012
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01746-00472328-00472732 retrieved the 11th of July 2012 MacLean
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01747-00472733-00473113 Molly a letter from Carolina 1688 French
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01748-00473114-00473347 Huguenots in the new world william and
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01749-00473347-00473635 mary quarterly 3rd sir
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01750-00473635-00473950 64 April 2007 3
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01751-00473951-00474358 in 77 to 394 men sir
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01752-00474359-00474645 Raymond day and Andrew Spicer society
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01753-00474646-00474843 and culture in the Hyuga no world
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01754-00474844-00475300 15:59 to 1685 2007 excerpt and text
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01755-00475301-00475575 search Murdock Tessa and Randall Fein
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01756-00475576-00475900 the French hospital in England its Hyuga
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01757-00475901-00476104 no history and collections Cambridge
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01758-00476105-00476727 John Adamson 2009 ISBN 978 o 9 5 2 4 3 2
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01759-00476728-00477133 to 7 to ruin Becky Bertrand van new
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01760-00477134-00477375 Babylon to Eden the Hyuga notes and
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01761-00477376-00477564 their migration to colonial South
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01762-00477565-00477939 Carolina you of South Carolina press
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01763-00477939-00478479 2006 396 BP Scoville Warren Candela the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01764-00478480-00478689 persecution of Hyuga nose and French
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01765-00478690-00479083 economic development 1682 1720 you of
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01766-00479084-00479208 California Press
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01767-00479209-00479620 1960 Stovall Warren see the Hyuga nose
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01768-00479621-00479858 and the diffusion of Technology I
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01769-00479859-00480154 journal of political economy sixty point
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01770-00480155-00480741 four 1952 294 to 311 part 1 online part
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01771-00480742-00481418 2 vol 60 number 5 October 1952 PP 392 to
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01772-00481419-00481766 411 online part 2 sermon alfred the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01773-00481767-00482074 massacre of st. Bartholomew reappraisal
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01774-00482075-00482289 's and documents the hate martinus
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01775-00482290-00482541 nijhoff 1974 treasure
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01776-00482542-00482985 grr 17th century France 2nd aired 1981
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01777-00482985-00483583 PP 371 to 96 van Rijn Beck a Bertrand
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01778-00483584-00483895 and sparks Randi J Ed's memory and
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01779-00483896-00484152 identity the Hyuga nose in France and
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01780-00484153-00484350 the Atlantic diaspora you of South
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01781-00484351-00484929 Carolina press 2003 352 PP weizen Beek
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01782-00484930-00485275 Thera identity lost Hugo no refugees in
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01783-00485276-00485458 the Dutch Republic and its former
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01784-00485459-00485662 colonies in North America and South
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01785-00485663-00486091 Africa 1652 1750 a comparison South
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01786-00486092-00486564 African historical journal 2007 59 79 to
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01787-00486565-00486918 102 Wolfe Michael the conversion of
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01788-00486919-00487164 Henry the fourth politics power and
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01789-00487165-00487304 religious belief in
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01790-00487305-00488022 early modern France 1993
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01791-00488023-00488743 topic in French auger and miquel Didier
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01792-00488743-00489049 patan a Bertrand van Rijn Becky dear Les
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01793-00489050-00489334 Huguenots a l'atlantique volume 1 por
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01794-00489335-00489595 dia liqueur Zola's Affairs preface to
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01795-00489596-00489874 jean-pierre pusu paris presses the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01796-00489875-00490164 université Paris Sorbonne pups led in
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01797-00490166-00490588 deserve antes 2009 auger and miquel
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01798-00490589-00490864 Didier patan a Bertrand van Rijn BEC a
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01799-00490864-00491164 dear Les Huguenots a l'atlantique volume
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01800-00491164-00491302 2 fiddly taste
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01801-00491303-00491578 Racines a memoirs Paris less Indus
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01802-00491579-00492001 seventies 2012 auger and miquel John
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01803-00492002-00492322 debris an ignitor dear fluoride on reef
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01804-00492322-00492793 France a 1562 to 1565 paris illest rhea
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01805-00492793-00493410 2012
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01806-00493410-00494145 topic external links historic Hyuga no
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01807-00494146-00494572 street Hyuga no fellowship psalm chapter
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01808-00494574-00495105 25 a toy mourned or mourn cur Monte from
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01809-00495106-00495306 the Genevan Psalter performed at an
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01810-00495307-00495543 event at the Cathedral in Noyan France
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01811-00495543-00495816 marking the 500th anniversary of John
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01812-00495817-00496209 Calvin's birth in 2009 the music has
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01813-00496210-00496422 been credited with little documentation
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01814-00496422-00496650 to both core gaudi Mille and Louise
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01815-00496651-00496730 Bourgeois
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01816-00496731-00496997 only three of the ten verses of the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01817-00496999-00497277 original are performed here YouTube
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01818-00497278-00497556 video 3:06 the Hyuga no Society of
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01819-00497557-00497802 Australia library for Hugo no history
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01820-00497803-00498089 Germany the National Hugo no society the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01821-00498091-00498324 Hugo no Society of America Hugo no
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01822-00498325-00498522 Society of Great Britain and Ireland
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01823-00498522-00498777 mittens apology to the Hugo knows in
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01824-00498778-00499068 French who were the Hugo knows Hugo
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01825-00499068-00499362 knows of Spitalfields topic texts Hugo
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01826-00499363-00499557 knows and Jews of the Languedoc about
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01827-00499558-00499767 the inhabitants of southern France and
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01828-00499768-00499950 how they became to be called French
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01829-00499951-00500130 Protestants early prayer books of
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01830-00500131-00500358 America being a descriptive account of
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01831-00500359-00500559 prayer books published in the United
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01832-00500560-00500835 States Mexico and Canada by Reverend
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01833-00500835-00501128 John Wright DD st. Paul Minnesota
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01834-00501129-00501720 privately printed 1898 pages 188 to 210
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01835-00501721-00501912 are entitled the prayer book of the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01836-00501913-00502113 French Protestants Charleston South
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01837-00502114-00502560 Carolina 597 PDF s the French Protestant
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01838-00502560-00502767 Huguenots church in the city of
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01839-00502768-00503049 Charleston South Carolina includes
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01840-00503050-00503318 history texts of memorial tablets and
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01841-00503320-00503885 the rules adopted in 1869 1898 40 PDF s
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01842-00503887-00504164 la liturgie Ola manière - oliver allah
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01843-00504166-00504396 service divin key s date ably dance
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01844-00504397-00504633 lower glacis Dilla príncipe tayden URF
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01845-00504634-00505188 Chatel and Vanagon 1713 160 PDF s la
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01846-00505189-00505428 liturgie ola manière de sol Averell a
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01847-00505429-00505707 service divin es de tablet dans l'eau AG
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01848-00505708-00505932 Lisa still a prince a potato nerf Chatel
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01849-00505933-00506271 and Vanagon revised and corrected 2nd
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01850-00506272-00506368 edition
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01851-00506370-00506799 17:37 302 PDF s la liturgie Oh
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01852-00506800-00507027 Manny and a solid ruler service divin
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01853-00507028-00507312 comm aleste tabla Dan's lower glacis de
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01854-00507313-00507504 la princesa potater nerf Chatel and
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01855-00507505-00507834 valentin nouvelle edition augmented to
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01856-00507835-00508124 quell spree Eze collectives and can teks
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01857-00508125-00508575 1772 256 PDF s la liturgie
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01858-00508576-00508806 ola manière de Sala virile a service
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01859-00508807-00509064 divin ki este tabla dans l'eau AG Lisa
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01860-00509064-00509292 still a prince a potato nerf Chatel and
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01861-00509293-00509601 Vanagon sinky me edition review
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01862-00509602-00510138 corrugate and augmentee 1799 232 PDF s
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01863-00510139-00510417 la liturgie ola manière - oliver allah
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01864-00510418-00510657 service divin dans leur egg leases do
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01865-00510658-00510842 canton de Voort
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01866-00510843-00511268 1807 120 PDF s the liturgy of the French
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01867-00511270-00511493 Protestant church translated from the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01868-00511495-00511905 additions of 1737 and 1772 published at
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01869-00511906-00512093 nerf Chatel with additional prayers
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01870-00512095-00512352 carefully selected and some alterations
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01871-00512353-00512592 arranged for the use of the congregation
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01872-00512593-00512843 in the city of Charleston SC Charleston
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01873-00512845-00512952 South Carolina
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01874-00512953-00513539 James s Burgess 1835 205 PDF s the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01875-00513541-00513739 liturgy of the French Protestant church
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01876-00513741-00514071 translated from the additions of 1737
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01877-00514072-00514389 and 1772 published at nerf Chatel with
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01878-00514389-00514596 additional prayers carefully selected
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01879-00514597-00514902 and some alterations arranged for the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01880-00514903-00515114 use of the congregation in the city of
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01881-00515116-00515358 Charleston SC new york new york
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01882-00515359-00515825 Charles M Cornwell steam printer 1869
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01883-00515826-00516264 186 PDF s the liturgy or forms of divine
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01884-00516264-00516489 service of the French Protestant church
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01885-00516489-00516771 of Charleston SC translated from the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01886-00516772-00516981 Liturgy of the churches of nerf Chatel
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01887-00516982-00517409 and Vanagon editions of 1737 and 1772
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01888-00517410-00517701 with some additional prayers carefully
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01889-00517702-00517953 selected the whole adapted to public
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01890-00517954-00518205 worship in the United States of America
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01891-00518206-00518379 3rd edition
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01892-00518380-00518682 New York New York and Sandy F Randolph &
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01893-00518683-00519231 Company 1853 228 PP Google Books and the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01894-00519232-00519549 Internet Archive available also from
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01895-00519550-00519828 making of America books as a DLX s file
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01896-00519829-00520146 or in hardcover the liturgy used in the
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01897-00520147-00520191 church
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01898-00520192-00520422 the Principality of nerve Chatel with a
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01899-00520422-00520632 letter from the learned doctor Yablonski
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01900-00520633-00520868 concerning the nature of liturgies to
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01901-00520869-00521093 which is added the form of Prayer lately
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01902-00521094-00521378 introduced into the Church of Geneva
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01903-00521379-00521922 1712 143 PDF s manifesto or Declaration
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01904-00521922-00522143 of Principles of the French Protestant
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01905-00522144-00522375 church of London founded by charter of
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01906-00522376-00522768 Edward the 6th the 24th of July ad 1550
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01907-00522768-00523091 by order of the consistory London
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01908-00523092-00523166 England
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01909-00523167-00523547 Mesa's Seeley's 1850 preamble and rules
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01910-00523548-00523701 for the government of the French
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01911-00523702-00523941 Protestant church of Charleston adopted
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01912-00523942-00524157 at meetings of the corporation held on
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01913-00524158-00524582 the 12th and the 19th of November 1843
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01914-00524583-00524993 1845 26 PDF s Synod akan in galley
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01915-00524994-00525255 are--for martyr or the acts decisions
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01916-00525256-00525477 decrees and canons of those famous
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01917-00525478-00525684 national councils of the Reformed
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01918-00525685-00526041 churches in France by John quick vol 1
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01919-00526042-00526605 of 2 1692 693 PDF s Synod akan in galley
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01920-00526606-00526866 are--for martyr or the acts decisions
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01921-00526867-00527091 decrees and canons of those famous
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01922-00527092-00527297 national councils of the Reformed
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01923-00527298-00527661 churches in France by John quick vol 2
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01924-00527662-00528288 of 2 1692 615 PDF s Judith still Hugo no
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01925-00528289-00528518 words of the world Brady Haran
+Vgm9wkdt0wk-01926-00528519-00528846 University of Nottingham
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00000-00000053-00000343 the tropical rainfall measuring mission
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00001-00000344-00000655 TRMM was a joint space mission between
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00002-00000656-00000958 NASA and the Japan aerospace exploration
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00003-00000959-00001295 agency jaxa designed to monitor and
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00004-00001296-00001688 study tropical rainfall the term refers
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00005-00001689-00001901 to both the mission itself and the
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00006-00001902-00002102 satellite that the mission used to
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00007-00002103-00002272 collect data
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00008-00002273-00002579 TRMM was part of nasa's mission to
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00009-00002580-00002834 Planet Earth a long-term coordinated
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00010-00002835-00003065 research effort to study the earth as a
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00011-00003066-00003427 global system the satellite was launched
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00012-00003428-00003884 on November 27 1997 from the Tanegashima
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00013-00003885-00004361 Space Center in Tanegashima Japan TRMM
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00014-00004362-00004687 operated for 17 years including several
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00015-00004688-00004909 mission extensions before being
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00016-00004910-00005275 decommissioned in April 2015
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00017-00005276-00005591 TRMM re-entered Earth's atmosphere on
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00018-00005592-00006043 June 16th 2015
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00019-00006044-00006390 you
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00020-00006391-00006948 topic background
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00021-00006948-00007239 tropical precipitation as a difficult
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00022-00007240-00007464 parameter to measure due to large
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00023-00007465-00007864 spatial and temporal variations however
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00024-00007865-00008142 understanding tropical precipitation is
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00025-00008143-00008321 important for weather and climate
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00026-00008322-00008553 prediction as this precipitation
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00027-00008554-00008888 contains 3/4 of the energy that drives
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00028-00008889-00009276 atmospheric wind circulation prior to
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00029-00009277-00009524 TRMM the distribution of rainfall
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00030-00009525-00009891 worldwide was known to only a 50% degree
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00031-00009892-00010010 of uncertainty
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00032-00010011-00010344 the concept for TRMM was first proposed
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00033-00010345-00010841 in 1984 the science objectives as first
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00034-00010842-00011171 proposed were to advance understanding
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00035-00011172-00011520 of the global energy and water cycles by
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00036-00011521-00011793 providing distributions of rainfall and
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00037-00011794-00012155 latent heating over the global tropics
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00038-00012156-00012392 to understand the mechanisms through
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00039-00012393-00012628 which changes in tropical rainfall
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00040-00012629-00012896 influence global circulation and to
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00041-00012897-00013180 improve ability to model these processes
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00042-00013181-00013447 in order to predict global circulations
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00043-00013449-00013744 and rainfall variability at monthly and
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00044-00013745-00014159 longer time scales to provide rain and
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00045-00014160-00014411 latent heating distributions to improve
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00046-00014412-00014675 the initialization of models ranging
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00047-00014676-00014993 from 24-hour forecasts to short-range
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00048-00014994-00015272 climate variations
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00049-00015274-00015594 to help to understand to diagnose and to
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00050-00015594-00015840 predict the onset and development of the
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00051-00015841-00016113 El Nino Southern Oscillation and the
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00052-00016113-00016365 propagation of the 30 to 60 day
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00053-00016366-00016685 oscillations in the tropics
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00054-00016686-00016910 to help to understand the effect that
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00055-00016911-00017164 rainfall has on the ocean thermohaline
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00056-00017165-00017396 circulations and the structure of the
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00057-00017397-00017813 upper ocean to allow cross calibration
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00058-00017814-00018139 between TRMM and other sensors with life
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00059-00018140-00018553 expectancies beyond that of TRMM itself
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00060-00018554-00018926 to evaluate the diurnal variability of
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00061-00018927-00019227 tropical rainfall globally
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00062-00019228-00019536 to evaluate a space-based system for
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00063-00019537-00019806 rainfall measurement Japan joined the
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00064-00019807-00020138 initial study for the TRMM mission in
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00065-00020139-00020565 1986 development of the satellite became
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00066-00020566-00020787 a joint project between the space
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00067-00020788-00021119 agencies of the US and Japan with Japan
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00068-00021120-00021417 providing the precipitation radar P R
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00069-00021418-00021719 and H to launch vehicle and the u.s.
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00070-00021720-00021939 providing the satellite bus and
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00071-00021940-00022242 remaining instruments the project
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00072-00022243-00022500 received formal support from the US
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00073-00022501-00022886 Congress in 1991 followed by spacecraft
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00074-00022887-00023547 construction from 1993 through 1997 TRMM
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00075-00023548-00023775 launched from Tanegashima Space Center
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00076-00023776-00024385 on the 27th of November 1997
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00077-00024386-00024728 you
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00078-00024729-00025451 topic mission extensions and deorbit
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00079-00025452-00025832 to extend tRMM's mission life beyond its
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00080-00025833-00026081 primary mission NASA boosted the
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00081-00026082-00026324 spacecraft's orbit altitude to four
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00082-00026325-00026569 hundred two point five kilometers in
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00083-00026570-00027008 2001 in 2005 NASA director Michael
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00084-00027008-00027251 Griffin decided to extend the mission
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00085-00027252-00027518 again by using the propellant originally
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00086-00027519-00027848 intended for a controlled descent this
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00087-00027849-00028229 came after a 2002 NASA risk review put
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00088-00028230-00028469 the probability of a human injury or
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00089-00028470-00028769 death caused by tRMM's uncontrolled
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00090-00028770-00029048 re-entry at one in minus five thousand
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00091-00029049-00029300 about twice the casualty risk deemed
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00092-00029301-00029504 acceptable for re-entering NASA
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00093-00029505-00029695 satellites and a subsequent
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00094-00029695-00029894 recommendation from the National
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00095-00029895-00030131 Research Council panel that the mission
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00096-00030132-00030344 be extended despite the risk of an
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00097-00030345-00030638 uncontrolled entry battery issues began
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00098-00030639-00030958 to limit the spacecraft in 2014 and the
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00099-00030960-00031189 mission operations team had to make
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00100-00031191-00031492 decisions about how to ration power in
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00101-00031493-00031952 March 2014 the V IRS instruments was
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00102-00031952-00032213 turned off to extend the battery life in
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00103-00032214-00032585 July 2014 with propellant on TRMM
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00104-00032586-00032849 running low NASA decided to see
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00105-00032850-00033077 station-keeping maneuvers and allowed
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00106-00033078-00033332 the spacecraft's orbit to slowly decay
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00107-00033333-00033674 while continuing to collect data the
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00108-00033675-00033947 remaining fuel initially reserved to
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00109-00033948-00034175 avoid collisions with other satellites
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00110-00034176-00034451 or space debris was depleted in early
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00111-00034452-00034675 March 2015
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00112-00034676-00034946 re-entry was originally expected
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00113-00034947-00035299 sometime between May 2016 and November
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00114-00035300-00035594 2017 but occurred sooner due to
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00115-00035595-00035915 heightened solar activity the probes
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00116-00035916-00036212 primary sensor the precipitation radar
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00117-00036213-00036464 was switched off for the final time
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00118-00036465-00036845 April 1st 2015 and the final scientific
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00119-00036846-00037145 sensor ly was turned off on April 8th
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00120-00037146-00037333 2015
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00121-00037334-00037789 re-entry occurred on June 16 2015 at
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00122-00037790-00038304 6:54 coordinated Universal Time
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00123-00038305-00038646 you
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00124-00038647-00039032 topic instruments aboard the TRMM
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00125-00039033-00039435 [Music]
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00126-00039436-00039754 you
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00127-00039755-00040498 topic precipitation radar PR
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00128-00040499-00040792 the precipitation radar was the first
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00129-00040793-00041029 spaceborne instrument designed to
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00130-00041030-00041302 provide three-dimensional maps of storm
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00131-00041303-00041608 structure the measurements yielded
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00132-00041609-00041818 information on the intensity and
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00133-00041819-00042052 distribution of the rain on the rain
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00134-00042053-00042289 type on the storm depth and on the
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00135-00042290-00042582 height at which the snow melts into rain
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00136-00042583-00042892 the estimates of the heat released into
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00137-00042893-00043078 the atmosphere at different heights
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00138-00043079-00043327 based on these measurements can be used
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00139-00043328-00043552 to improve models of the global
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00140-00043553-00043894 atmospheric circulation the P are
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00141-00043895-00044266 operated at 13.8 gigahertz and measured
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00142-00044267-00044572 the 3d rainfall distribution over land
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00143-00044573-00044944 and ocean surfaces it defined a layer
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00144-00044945-00045185 depth of perception and hence measured
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00145-00045186-00045388 rainfall that actually reached the
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00146-00045389-00045829 latent heat of atmosphere it had a 4.3
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00147-00045830-00046210 kilometres resolution at radii with 220
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00148-00046211-00046514 kilometers swath
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00149-00046515-00046836 you
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00150-00046837-00047707 topic TRMM microwave imager TMI
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00151-00047708-00048139 the TRMM microwave imager TMI was a
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00152-00048140-00048418 passive microwave sensor designed to
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00153-00048419-00048612 provide quantitative rainfall
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00154-00048613-00048898 information over a wide swath under the
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00155-00048899-00049279 TRMM satellite by carefully measuring
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00156-00049280-00049515 the minute amounts of microwave energy
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00157-00049516-00049755 emitted by the earth and its atmosphere
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00158-00049756-00050101 TMI was able to quantify the water vapor
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00159-00050102-00050340 the cloud water and the rainfall
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00160-00050341-00050680 intensity in the atmosphere it was a
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00161-00050681-00050896 relatively small instrument that
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00162-00050897-00051240 consumed little power this combined with
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00163-00051241-00051475 the wide swath and the quantitative
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00164-00051476-00051795 information regarding rainfall made TMI
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00165-00051796-00052158 the workhorse of the rain measuring
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00166-00052159-00052401 package on tropical rainfall measuring
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00167-00052402-00052626 mission
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00168-00052627-00052950 you
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00169-00052951-00053342 topic visible and infrared scanner be
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00170-00053344-00053794 IRS
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00171-00053795-00054109 the visible and infrared scanner was one
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00172-00054110-00054306 of the three instruments in the rain
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00173-00054307-00054567 measuring package and serves as a very
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00174-00054569-00055005 indirect indicator of rainfall the IRS
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00175-00055007-00055321 as its name implies sensed radiation
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00176-00055322-00055516 coming up from the earth in five
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00177-00055516-00055804 spectral regions ranging from visible to
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00178-00055804-00056250 infrared or 0.63 to twelve micrometers
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00179-00056251-00056623 the IRS was included in the primary
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00180-00056624-00056930 instrument package for two reasons first
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00181-00056932-00057265 was its ability to delineate rainfall
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00182-00057266-00057559 the second and even more important
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00183-00057560-00057792 reason was to serve as a transfer
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00184-00057794-00057993 standard to other measurements that are
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00185-00057994-00058257 made routinely using Poe's and goes
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00186-00058258-00058573 satellites the intensity of the
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00187-00058574-00058794 radiation in the various spectral
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00188-00058795-00059041 regions or bands can be used to
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00189-00059041-00059260 determine the brightness visible and
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00190-00059261-00059550 near-infrared or temperature infrared of
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00191-00059551-00059812 the source
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00192-00059813-00060136 you
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00193-00060137-00060466 topic clouds and the Earth's radiant
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00194-00060466-00061033 energy sensor series
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00195-00061034-00061309 Cirie's measured the energy at the top
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00196-00061310-00061566 of the atmosphere as well as estimates
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00197-00061567-00061834 energy levels within the atmosphere and
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00198-00061835-00062116 at the Earth's surface the series
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00199-00062116-00062347 instrument was based on the successful
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00200-00062348-00062632 earth radiation budget experiment which
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00201-00062633-00062890 used three satellites to provide global
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00202-00062891-00063279 energy budget measurements from 1984 to
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00203-00063279-00063703 1993 using information from very
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00204-00063704-00063928 high-resolution cloud imaging
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00205-00063929-00064144 instruments on the same spacecraft
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00206-00064145-00064407 Series determines cloud properties
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00207-00064408-00064651 including cloud amount altitude
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00208-00064652-00064882 thickness and the size of the cloud
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00209-00064883-00065191 particles these measurements are
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00210-00065191-00065404 important to understanding the Earth's
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00211-00065404-00065641 total climate system and improving
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00212-00065642-00066016 climate prediction models it only
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00213-00066017-00066415 operated during January August 1998 and
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00214-00066416-00066748 March 2000 so the available data record
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00215-00066749-00066970 as quite brief although later series
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00216-00066971-00067198 instruments were flown on other missions
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00217-00067199-00067495 such as the Earth observing system AOS
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00218-00067496-00067907 AM and PM satellites
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00219-00067908-00068231 you
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00220-00068232-00068953 topic lightning imaging sensor Lee
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00221-00068954-00069256 the Lightning imaging sensor was a small
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00222-00069257-00069502 highly sophisticated instrument that
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00223-00069503-00069745 detects and locates lightning over the
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00224-00069746-00069990 tropical region of the globe the
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00225-00069991-00070249 lightning detector was a compact
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00226-00070250-00070498 combination of optical and electronic
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00227-00070499-00070744 elements including a staring imager
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00228-00070745-00070969 capable of locating and detecting
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00229-00070970-00071332 lightning within individual storms the
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00230-00071333-00071605 imagers field of view allowed the sensor
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00231-00071606-00071827 to observe a point on the earth or a
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00232-00071828-00072100 cloud for 80 seconds a sufficient time
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00233-00072101-00072391 to estimate the flashing rate which told
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00234-00072392-00072652 researchers whether a storm was growing
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00235-00072653-00072931 or decaying
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00236-00072932-00073277 you
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00237-00073278-00073856 topic see also
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00238-00073857-00074089 global precipitation measurement
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00239-00074090-00074387 successor spacecraft launched February
+VgeJMCCWfSk-00240-00074388-00074675 2014
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00000-00000115-00000313 joining me Jack Burkman Republican
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00001-00000314-00000526 strategist and host of behind the
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00002-00000527-00000724 curtain with Jack Burkman catch him
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00003-00000725-00000853 every Saturday night on the radio
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00004-00000855-00001054 America network and Sunday afternoons
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00005-00001055-00001436 and 2 on wmal in metro DC also mark
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00006-00001437-00001679 levine democratic strategist of former
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00007-00001680-00001880 top florida congressman Barney Frank and
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00008-00001880-00002176 talk show host on Pacifica Radio this
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00009-00002177-00002350 week Republican representative Aaron
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00010-00002351-00002549 shocked shocked constituents by
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00011-00002550-00002792 resigning once considered a rising star
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00012-00002793-00003047 of the GOP the fourth term congressman
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00013-00003048-00003215 faced increasing allegations of
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00014-00003215-00003445 questionable spending we talked about
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00015-00003446-00003670 his lavish lifestyle right here on that
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00016-00003671-00003902 was the week that was Jack you called it
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00017-00003903-00004085 are you happy with his decision to step
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00018-00004086-00004256 down oh yes I think he had to do in
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00019-00004257-00004411 March that case could go criminal I
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00020-00004412-00004541 think you have some bad stuff there I
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00021-00004542-00004715 think he avoided a criminal prosecution
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00022-00004716-00004859 he did the right thing you have to give
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00023-00004860-00005122 him credit I think because he resigned
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00024-00005123-00005422 early in the scandal I think life will
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00025-00005423-00005695 deal him a second hand I think he'll get
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00026-00005696-00005911 a new deal might be 10 years down the
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00027-00005912-00006043 road but I'll make a prediction he'll
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00028-00006044-00006193 get another shot all right I don't know
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00029-00006194-00006388 a shock gets a shot again according to
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00030-00006389-00006614 Jack but the FBI is now digging into the
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00031-00006615-00006833 way congressman Schock spend taxpayer
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00032-00006834-00006985 money he was one of the youngest
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00033-00006986-00007244 Republicans ever elected into office but
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00034-00007245-00007451 the ages-old temptation of money may
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00035-00007452-00007634 have gotten the better of him mark do
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00036-00007634-00007778 you think age had anything to do with it
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00037-00007779-00007991 I don't think it was age I think shock
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00038-00007992-00008177 had a flair he had a style for publicity
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00039-00008178-00008335 I actually think he may have a future
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00040-00008336-00008552 shot not as a congressman but as a star
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00041-00008553-00008746 of a reality show then he can flash his
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00042-00008747-00008924 abs and show us his snowboard tricks and
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00043-00008925-00009098 all the things he really enjoyed rather
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00044-00009099-00009253 than being in Congress which he really
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00045-00009254-00009398 wasn't very good at he didn't draft any
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00046-00009399-00009584 bills and he spent much more time
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00047-00009585-00009781 decorating his art his office then
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00048-00009782-00009959 actually doing anything politically but
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00049-00009960-00010153 he's got style we'll see what happens to
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00050-00010154-00010456 marks right I have no rebuttal Rebecca
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00051-00010457-00010613 that Mars I think he's right on all
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00052-00010614-00010813 counts sadly I do think age though the
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00053-00010814-00011045 one point i would say immaturity man age
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00054-00011046-00011303 but I think again the ages whole thing
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00055-00011304-00011474 of money you know you see you see all
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00056-00011475-00011723 this money and wine I actually think it
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00057-00011724-00011917 wasn't the money he wanted per se I
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00058-00011918-00012074 think he wanted all the attention and
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00059-00012075-00012233 all the style and then he improperly
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00060-00012234-00012506 used money to get it and I'll say that
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00061-00012507-00012731 people of the group of people I of a
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00062-00012732-00012874 group of young men i have watched get
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00063-00012875-00013111 elected to congress between say age 28
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00064-00013112-00013271 and 35 very
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00065-00013272-00013475 you of them very very few of them ever
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00066-00013476-00013694 make it and the reason whether it's age
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00067-00013694-00014006 or maturity it's almost always a problem
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00068-00014007-00014153 it's a problem something in the eighty
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00069-00014154-00014372 to ninety percent range looking back in
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00070-00014372-00014546 the 25 years I've looked at congressman
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00071-00014547-00014696 interesting all right well while shock
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00072-00014697-00014876 is leaving his seat Israeli Prime
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00073-00014877-00015097 Minister Benjamin Netanyahu is keeping
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00074-00015099-00015335 his Netanyahu was locked in a tight
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00075-00015336-00015596 reelection race made some major promises
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00076-00015597-00015769 including no two-state solution with
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00077-00015771-00016044 Palestine the White House isn't happy
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00078-00016046-00016349 there are obvious policy implications
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00079-00016350-00016618 for Prime Minister Netanyahu's comments
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00080-00016619-00017084 and it has in the mind of the President
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00081-00017085-00017251 and other senior members of his team
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00082-00017252-00017588 created a need for the United States to
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00083-00017589-00017921 reevaluate our approach GOP senator
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00084-00017922-00018143 marco rubio called this reassessment a
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00085-00018144-00018296 tragic mistake but it's been a
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00086-00018297-00018455 long-standing objective of both
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00087-00018456-00018677 Democrats and Republicans to have a
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00088-00018678-00018881 two-state solution Jack what do you
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00089-00018882-00019094 think of the reevaluation well he said I
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00090-00019095-00019259 don't like it Morris what he said is
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00091-00019260-00019466 reevaluate our approach take another
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00092-00019467-00019658 look at our approach what he means is he
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00093-00019659-00019805 wants to reevaluate our whole
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00094-00019806-00019967 relationship with the State of Israel
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00095-00019968-00020213 andrius and reevaluate our alliance with
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00096-00020214-00020450 Israel which is horrifying Israel is the
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00097-00020451-00020669 only beachhead for the United States in
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00098-00020670-00020888 the Mideast without Israel I don't think
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00099-00020889-00021086 we even even the Saudis aren't reliable
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00100-00021087-00021392 allies anymore it's thank God thank God
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00101-00021393-00021635 Netanyahu one but the problem is now it
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00102-00021636-00021836 leaves Israel without relations with the
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00103-00021837-00021977 US government this is in Netanyahu's
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00104-00021978-00022369 fault it's obama's fault obama has a has
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00105-00022370-00022577 a fixation he's got a problem i think
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00106-00022578-00022861 it's rooted in his just fundamental
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00107-00022862-00023093 anti-colonial views he's got this this
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00108-00023094-00023353 worry and concern about Anglo American
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00109-00023354-00023546 imperialism it's almost as though he
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00110-00023547-00023774 roots against his own country we've seen
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00111-00023775-00023942 in Africa we've seen in this hemisphere
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00112-00023943-00024086 and now we see it glaringly in the
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00113-00024087-00024221 Mideast well I remember when he came in
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00114-00024222-00024461 after George Bush he went on the what
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00115-00024462-00024647 people call the apology tour but really
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00116-00024648-00024758 he was trying to tell the world look
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00117-00024759-00024989 we're not the wild Cowboys the bush and
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00118-00024990-00025181 cheney were and maybe you were seeing
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00119-00025182-00025406 just a continual fixation of that what
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00120-00025407-00025538 do you think mark well i'm not going to
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00121-00025539-00025747 go into the psychological treatment of
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00122-00025748-00025886 president obama i think that's a little
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00123-00025887-00026105 silly I in the end of the day Netanyahu
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00124-00026106-00026312 has been all over the map first he said
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00125-00026313-00026456 he supports you state solution then
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00126-00026457-00026579 right before his election he said he
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00127-00026580-00026643 didn't want to
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00128-00026644-00026870 same state now and you can through the
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00129-00026872-00027102 election and like a Tuesday shock a day
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00130-00027102-00027294 after the election he came back and he
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00131-00027295-00027464 said he supported it again so he's a
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00132-00027466-00027669 politician gravity politician do you
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00133-00027670-00027816 support it I support a two-state
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00134-00027817-00028058 solution if it can be peaceful and
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00135-00028060-00028347 demilitarized and I'm told by Isis our
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00136-00028348-00028524 White House and Netanyahu have had a
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00137-00028525-00028710 strained relationship for some time and
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00138-00028711-00028881 House Speaker John Boehner hasn't helped
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00139-00028882-00029058 now Boehner is planning a trip to
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00140-00029058-00029316 Jerusalem mark for decades Israel has
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00141-00029317-00029517 never been a partisan issue is the GOP
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00142-00029518-00029742 in danger of making a 1 I think that's
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00143-00029743-00029925 exactly what Speaker Boehner wants to do
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00144-00029926-00030093 what he's taking is the fact that let's
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00145-00030094-00030245 face it President Obama and Prime
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00146-00030247-00030417 Minister Netanyahu do not like each
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00147-00030418-00030642 other that's no secret he wants to
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00148-00030643-00030876 really try to drive a wedge there but
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00149-00030877-00030993 what he won't do anywhere I really
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00150-00030994-00031139 disagree with jack is he won't drive a
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00151-00031141-00031329 wedge in the fundamental support and
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00152-00031330-00031494 alliance between the United States and
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00153-00031495-00031719 Israel yes Obama they don't like each
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00154-00031720-00031926 other I can say this thing US and Israel
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00155-00031927-00032091 will always be our thank God the
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00156-00032092-00032264 Congress reached out the Israel or the
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00157-00032266-00032501 Alliance may have withered the Alliance
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00158-00032502-00032751 may have gone away his personalities
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00159-00032752-00032883 it's not the Alliance all right let's
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00160-00032884-00033063 switch gears the battle over confirming
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00161-00033064-00033207 Loretta Lynch is the next Attorney
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00162-00033208-00033420 General has reached a fever pitch on
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00163-00033421-00033663 Capitol Hill Republicans have refused to
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00164-00033664-00033831 vote because of an unrelated fight
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00165-00033832-00034068 involving a human trafficking bill Jack
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00166-00034069-00034236 this is starting to become a pattern for
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00167-00034237-00034431 the grand old party hold out on one vote
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00168-00034432-00034602 in exchange for something else well
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00169-00034603-00034782 that's politics both parties do that
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00170-00034783-00034923 nothing wrong with that that's been
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00171-00034924-00035165 that's a tied to just about every
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00172-00035166-00035319 nomination you've seen every
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00173-00035320-00035475 controversial nomination you've seen
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00174-00035476-00035643 what really is disturbing here morris's
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00175-00035644-00035865 there are those on the Left who are who
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00176-00035866-00036060 are raising the specter of racism they
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00177-00036061-00036213 want to play the race card they want to
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00178-00036214-00036411 accuse the Republican Party of race they
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00179-00036412-00036485 say well this is the first
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00180-00036486-00036774 african-american woman that doesn't mean
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00181-00036775-00037008 the Republican Party is guilty of racism
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00182-00037009-00037254 I think that unfounded allegations of
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00183-00037255-00037488 racism and politics are every bit as bad
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00184-00037489-00037752 as racism itself there's just no place
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00185-00037753-00037950 for it I think a number of Democrats Oh
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00186-00037951-00038139 apologies this week but I'm not hearing
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00187-00038140-00038289 them what Democrats claim there is
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00188-00038290-00038505 racial bias even comparing Loretta Lynch
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00189-00038506-00038843 to Rosa Parks and so
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00190-00038844-00039204 Loretta Lynch the first african-american
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00191-00039205-00039467 woman nominated to be Attorney General
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00192-00039468-00039792 is asked to sit in the back of the bus
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00193-00039793-00040090 when it comes to the Senate calendar
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00194-00040091-00040332 Senator John McCain said there's no room
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00195-00040333-00040532 for inflammatory rhetoric like that in
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00196-00040533-00040724 Congress marked as he have a point does
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00197-00040725-00040880 your party go too far here you know I
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00198-00040881-00041126 this isn't a racist thing what is is
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00199-00041127-00041279 Republicans being Republicans they're
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00200-00041280-00041439 trying to gum up the works of government
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00201-00041440-00041682 every chance they can in this case they
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00202-00041683-00041861 attach an abortion bill agree with an
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00203-00041862-00042080 unrelated human trafficking bill and the
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00204-00042081-00042290 irony is the Republicans actually
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00205-00042291-00042476 support Loretta Lynch more than the
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00206-00042477-00042651 current Attorney General Eric Holder but
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00207-00042652-00042842 he gets to keep his job because they're
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00208-00042843-00042980 holding your dream mark let me ask
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00209-00042981-00043118 question do you agree with durbin's
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00210-00043119-00043370 durbin's analogizing this to rosa parks
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00211-00043371-00043632 it's not rosa parks but it is no really
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00212-00043633-00043832 is the longest and Attorney General has
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00213-00043833-00044030 not been no aided in US history with one
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00214-00044031-00044217 exception ed Meese and that's because he
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00215-00044218-00044376 had financial trouble this is not a
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00216-00044377-00044546 controversial nomination Jack they
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00217-00044547-00044654 shouldn't be holding it up there is a
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00218-00044655-00044832 product I think it's called gum out that
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00219-00044833-00045002 basically takes care of the gears and
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00220-00045003-00045204 wheels maybe Jack you begin the Republic
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00221-00045205-00045374 get some oil to the Republicans Jackson
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00222-00045375-00045567 you know well looking I'll look into
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00223-00045568-00045732 that Morris I think I may have a can in
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00224-00045733-00045873 the basement all right speaking of going
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00225-00045874-00046070 too far some are saying President Obama
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00226-00046071-00046280 did just that with his recent comments
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00227-00046281-00046642 on voting it would be transformative if
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00228-00046643-00047039 everybody voted that would counteract
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00229-00047040-00047502 money more than anything
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00230-00047503-00048144 if if everybody voted then it would
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00231-00048145-00048333 completely change the political map in
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00232-00048334-00048657 this country at least 26 other countries
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00233-00048658-00048888 have mandatory voting should the u.s.
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00234-00048889-00049101 Jack what's your take on when the
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00235-00049102-00049257 president talks about people voting i
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00236-00049258-00049398 think he's thinking of people that have
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00237-00049399-00049554 been in the grave for many years he
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00238-00049555-00049869 wants those to be included a jack-up are
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00239-00049870-00050154 the problem is not fraud this is on a
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00240-00050155-00050364 serious note this is kind of Morris this
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00241-00050365-00050556 fits in with his big government
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00242-00050557-00050766 philosophy he wants to force health care
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00243-00050767-00050949 he wants to force the banks he wants to
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00244-00050950-00051126 force everybody to do somethings
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00245-00051127-00051369 terrible ciao he wants to force even
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00246-00051370-00051639 democracy oh my god voter's terrible
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00247-00051640-00051861 terrible thing well now Obama went on to
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00248-00051862-00052041 say people who tend not to vote are
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00249-00052041-00052257 young minorities immigrants are come
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00250-00052258-00052470 from a lower income historically those
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00251-00052471-00052695 demographics are more liberal mark do
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00252-00052696-00052854 you think Obama's idea would only help
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00253-00052854-00053028 Democrats it certainly would it would
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00254-00053029-00053180 help the country look no way i would
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00255-00053182-00053322 only help democrats you're saying it
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00256-00053323-00053472 certainly would i think it would because
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00257-00053473-00053649 i think that i think he's right that
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00258-00053650-00053772 young people i'll tell you wants to
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00259-00053773-00053954 don't vote the people who aren't allowed
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00260-00053955-00054111 to vote by the republican party is
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00261-00054112-00054266 making it very very hard for young
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00262-00054267-00054507 people for people for african-americans
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00263-00054508-00054711 they're trying to use ID laws to keep
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00264-00054712-00054905 people from voting let's just assume
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00265-00054907-00055164 that everyone votes that's easy let's
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00266-00055165-00055359 have week-long voting is a guy who ran
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00267-00055360-00055650 for office and i'm running again and you
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00268-00055651-00055833 only less than ten percent of voters
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00269-00055834-00056073 voted i can dare you democracy would be
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00270-00056074-00056277 better 90 émigré you might be the only
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00271-00056278-00056484 Democrat virginia i might ever vote for
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00272-00056485-00056673 if only because a republican ship within
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00273-00056674-00056796 that district but I'll tell you this
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00274-00056797-00057027 there's terrible voter fraud in both
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00275-00057028-00057201 parties that's not true but I have a
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00276-00057202-00057404 terrible voter fraud but I have seen
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00277-00057405-00057600 more on your side than I have seen on
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00278-00057601-00057767 this subject there's been like ten cases
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00279-00057769-00057978 in a century of in-person voting fraud
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00280-00057979-00058170 yes some of the voter rolls are wrong
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00281-00058171-00058367 but that doesn't me people go in 2008
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00282-00058369-00058602 Obama bust the unions were busting
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00283-00058603-00058821 people over three states in a single day
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00284-00058822-00059076 three state of the union's bust people
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00285-00059077-00059247 I'm not sure what the issue is here's
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00286-00059248-00059405 the issue Jack how about this we got you
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00287-00059407-00059586 and I agree you can go into a voting
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00288-00059587-00059814 booth and they take your picture and you
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00289-00059815-00059958 sign under penalty of perjury that you
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00290-00059959-00060150 are who you say you are same day
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00291-00060151-00060384 registration if you lie throw him in
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00292-00060385-00060609 jail for fine well yes but everybody the
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00293-00060610-00060795 thing that what's the Forester shouldn't
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00294-00060796-00060838 be
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00295-00060839-00061092 burden of voting is a right not a
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00296-00061094-00061258 privilege all right a lot of people died
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00297-00061259-00061372 that's all true mark but it's off the
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00298-00061373-00061510 point the president is saying he wants
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00299-00061511-00061708 to force everybody to vote by federal
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00300-00061709-00061951 law that's a completely way she said it
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00301-00061952-00062091 to be transformative it all right well
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00302-00062092-00062308 vote for the wood program that was the
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00303-00062309-00062454 week that was Jack Burkman Republican
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00304-00062455-00062722 strategist Mark Levine Democratic
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00305-00062723-00062904 strategists the best political panel on
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00306-00062905-00063117 TV thanks to you both Thank You Meyers
+VhmXVgVBHNQ-00307-00063119-00063379 thank you Mark
+Vhbhs8aQHmg-00000-00000031-00001651 [Music]
+Vhbhs8aQHmg-00001-00001652-00001998 thank you
+VlVk_fxErhI-00000-00000173-00000774 [Applause]
+VlVk_fxErhI-00001-00000775-00001183 [Music]
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+VlVk_fxErhI-00204-00043503-00043682 yo yo Mookie wanna be single or in about
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+VlVk_fxErhI-00207-00044084-00044365 Amarillo pure acai pomegranate only hope
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+VlVk_fxErhI-00209-00044526-00044827 but you do that where the 2019 budget
+VlVk_fxErhI-00210-00044828-00044983 let's all open up Mookie MonaVie shingle
+VlVk_fxErhI-00211-00044984-00045377 number meet Paula
+Vno93xTQfqc-00000-00001108-00001358 [Music]
+Vno93xTQfqc-00001-00001359-00001454 this project
+Vno93xTQfqc-00002-00001455-00001759 called streetlight i used components
+Vno93xTQfqc-00003-00001760-00001918 called motherboard
+Vno93xTQfqc-00004-00001919-00002334 one layer sensor and two leds
+Vno93xTQfqc-00005-00002335-00002647 i connected my earlier sensor to bottom
+Vno93xTQfqc-00006-00002648-00002902 and they do a radius to port two and
+Vno93xTQfqc-00007-00002903-00003023 four three
+Vno93xTQfqc-00008-00003024-00003351 now i will explain you how how the
+Vno93xTQfqc-00009-00003352-00004600 project will work
+Vno93xTQfqc-00010-00004601-00006367 [Music]
+Vno93xTQfqc-00011-00006368-00006998 around 50.
+Vno93xTQfqc-00012-00007000-00007351 i have generated this app
+Vno93xTQfqc-00013-00007352-00007687 i have generated this app in standard
+Vno93xTQfqc-00014-00007688-00007984 platform
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00000-00000283-00000843 [Music]
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00001-00000844-00001468 [Music]
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00002-00001469-00001867 on behalf of pink network in the FF II I
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00003-00001868-00002212 welcome you all this conference is about
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00004-00002213-00002635 lttb I and the Union what can unions do
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00005-00002636-00002959 for lttb iron members there are a lot of
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00006-00002960-00003131 circumstances people don't out
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00007-00003132-00003460 themselves in the working place our
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00008-00003461-00003925 bully are discriminated and we try with
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00009-00003926-00004181 this conference to start the process of
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00010-00004182-00004535 being out of being accepted at the
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00011-00004536-00004742 working place and included in the
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00012-00004743-00006564 policies of businesses and government
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00013-00006565-00006937 for us on Bonaire this is very important
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00014-00006938-00007134 because we have seven trade unions but
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00015-00007136-00007419 not one of them is concerning about
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00016-00007420-00007741 discrimination at all I have a talk with
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00017-00007742-00007963 a lady from protocol the main issues
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00018-00007964-00008269 like religion politics a little bit
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00019-00008270-00008470 marked more conservative than Holland
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00020-00008471-00008629 that's the same stuff we are dealing
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00021-00008630-00008740 with on Bonaire
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00022-00008741-00009040 so they for us they are quite an example
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00023-00009041-00009445 how to deal or how to plan actions with
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00024-00009446-00009691 all that in mind now there are going to
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00025-00009692-00010024 the Parliament to the to mix two million
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00026-00010025-00010225 and a guess for the constitution of
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00027-00010226-00010410 Nepal there are three recognition of
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00028-00010411-00010726 people that one is very means female and
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00029-00010727-00011113 answer genders LGBTI can be incorporated
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00030-00011114-00011353 in that for gender categories so they
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00031-00011354-00011674 can they can take their citizenship or
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00032-00011675-00011935 the password as per their gender
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00033-00011936-00012199 recognization with that like they can be
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00034-00012200-00012364 more supportive and they can get more
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00035-00012365-00012807 inclusive in the in future okay they're
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00036-00012808-00013009 necessary they give you the islands of
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00037-00013010-00013356 EDD Guinea a family atmosphere
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00038-00013357-00013672 equilibria tomorrow they give it a today
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00039-00013672-00013924 Capri Jack she killed a Isle a mascara
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00040-00013925-00014176 cure Mary script effective somehow
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00041-00014177-00014461 possible that are lost on international
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00042-00014462-00014749 human rights on
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00043-00014750-00015127 somehow got implemented in turkey confit
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00044-00015128-00015522 our heart chakra panini dynamics in
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00045-00015522-00016060 anime whether they are given candy color
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00046-00016061-00016540 and a doctor from mala not enjoy I'll
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00047-00016541-00017615 explain a name exchange services page
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00048-00017616-00019522 [Music]
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00049-00019523-00019829 when you have a title like freedom at
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00050-00019830-00020159 work you can't do anything but talk
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00051-00020160-00020423 about how you join the struggles out all
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00052-00020424-00020648 the different liberation struggles so my
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00053-00020649-00020882 key message is about freedom equality
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00054-00020883-00021269 and justice lgbtq+ and I say Plus
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00055-00021270-00021521 because I don't want to forget any of
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00056-00021522-00021929 our intersex people our queer people or
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00057-00021930-00022217 asexual however they wish to be termed I
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00058-00022218-00022520 think that we have a job to play in
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00059-00022521-00022751 terms of ensuring we're part of trade
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00060-00022752-00023009 unions but also ensuring that our trade
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00061-00023010-00023288 union structures are fully reflective
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00062-00023289-00023747 and our part of and are inclusive of
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00063-00023748-00024083 LGBT soft people well my key message was
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00064-00024084-00024509 that fighting for equality today is even
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00065-00024510-00024731 more important than before because some
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00066-00024732-00024962 fundamental rights that we have been
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00067-00024963-00025366 enjoying from in the last decades are
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00068-00025367-00025622 threatened so we have to join in
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00069-00025623-00025781 solidarity and keep fighting for
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00070-00025782-00025991 equality for all there are many things
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00071-00025992-00026189 happening in Europe which are very
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00072-00026189-00026476 positive for instance I could mention
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00073-00026477-00026816 alliances between trade unions in Europe
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00074-00026817-00027197 and Turkey for cooperation on the field
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00075-00027198-00027443 of democracy and respect of trade union
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00076-00027444-00027662 rights in Turkey at the moment including
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00077-00027663-00027920 minorities like the LGBT group which are
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00078-00027920-00028094 menaced at the moment in that country
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00079-00028095-00028292 and then there are things wonderful
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00080-00028293-00028538 things that LGBT NGOs and trade union
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00081-00028539-00028754 activists are doing to help the refugees
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00082-00028755-00029210 and also for instance transsexual
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00083-00029211-00029381 workers who are discriminated at the
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00084-00029382-00029549 workplace through international and
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00085-00029550-00029795 European society trade unions labor
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00086-00029795-00030089 organizations play a vital role by
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00087-00030089-00030413 giving support by giving a structure
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00088-00030414-00030707 that whenever discrimination takes place
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00089-00030708-00031019 in the workplace that these people can
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00090-00031020-00031194 turn to somebody and say
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00091-00031195-00031470 so you've gotta stand up for me and you
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00092-00031470-00031743 got to support me in achieving equal
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00093-00031744-00032114 rights there is a genuine understanding
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00094-00032116-00032526 we need to include LGBT employees and we
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00095-00032527-00032748 need to support them because when they
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00096-00032749-00032940 feel confident and they come out they
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00097-00032941-00033171 work harder they produce better so
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00098-00033172-00033723 there's also a business case I might
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00099-00033724-00033873 take away from this conference is that
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00100-00033874-00034203 we really need an action orientated
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00101-00034204-00034575 solidarity that is based on the airplane
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00102-00034576-00034977 and here actions that will bring change
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00103-00034978-00035318 it's interesting to bring together
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00104-00035319-00035721 classical trade union issues like social
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00105-00035722-00036171 justice etc and this LGBTI civil rights
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00106-00036172-00036596 movement my being here has both
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00107-00036597-00036930 enlightened me ah we've been able to
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00108-00036931-00037305 share resources and the phrase stronger
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00109-00037306-00037563 together really has a new meaning here
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00110-00037564-00037805 there's a growing understanding of how
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00111-00037806-00038181 the struggle for equal rights means a
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00112-00038182-00038421 struggle for the equal rights of all
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00113-00038422-00038663 minorities we learned that the
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00114-00038664-00038943 networking is important and we need to
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00115-00038944-00039240 stay together and work together as trade
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00116-00039241-00039854 union members and as Celtic TV actors
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00117-00039855-00040050 this conference has been about
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00118-00040051-00040251 networking and I think that the
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00119-00040252-00040476 organizers who have done a brilliant job
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00120-00040477-00040779 needs to make sure they communicate with
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00121-00040780-00041073 people send out the presentations send
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00122-00041074-00041349 out the slides so that we can keep that
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00123-00041350-00041613 momentum going without the cooperation
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00124-00041614-00041967 with NGOs and other civil society
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00125-00041968-00042276 partners we won't change the agendas of
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00126-00042277-00042513 the decision-making bodies like the
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00127-00042514-00042678 Commission and the national governments
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00128-00042679-00042957 and I think this is very crucial issues
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00129-00042958-00043416 to also try to change conventions of the
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00130-00043417-00043651 ILO like the anti-discrimination
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00131-00043652-00043798 mention and include sexual orientation
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00132-00043799-00044065 and gender identity as a
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00133-00044066-00044573 non-discrimination principle
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00134-00044574-00045901 [Music]
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00135-00045902-00046899 [Music]
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00136-00046900-00047158 we could have a great conference with
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00137-00047159-00047483 two main good results I'm very glad with
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00138-00047484-00047671 the first one is that we have a strong
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00139-00047672-00047852 network in which we can support each
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00140-00047853-00048112 other and stimulate each other the
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00141-00048113-00048568 second result is that the PSI and
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00142-00048569-00048811 education in International has promised
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00143-00048812-00049108 us that they will stimulate that other
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00144-00049109-00049393 global Union will put this subject on
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00145-00049394-00049649 their agenda
+W2kaiZxj1zo-00146-00049650-00050407 [Music]