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+15TjhT5Q2cU-00000-00000883-00001648 rushon gratitude Christmas rant and
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00001-00001650-00001992 though for the little information for
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00002-00001993-00002208 those that worry a little bit for those
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00003-00002209-00002460 mothers that worry a little bit um first
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00004-00002461-00002841 of all it's like 4:00 p.m. and this boob
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00005-00002842-00003077 is super full you can see the implant up
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00006-00003078-00003249 here and then the actual breast right
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00007-00003250-00003710 here I'm going to start off with a pump
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00008-00003711-00004050 at first it kind of hurts so better
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00009-00004051-00004791 yourselves okay so today the day that I
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00010-00004792-00005139 upload this and it'll be available a lot
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00011-00005140-00005307 of times when you start pumping one the
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00012-00005308-00005709 other one will start dripping you can
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00013-00005710-00006225 see but for whatever reason you guys are
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00014-00006226-00006614 here you're here so thank you for
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00015-00006615-00007203 watching thank you for existing thank
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00016-00007204-00007494 you for co-creating with me Christmas
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00017-00007495-00007914 you better not pout you better not cry I
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00018-00007915-00008106 mean I think it was cute and all at the
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00019-00008106-00008496 beginning but now telling our kids that
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00020-00008497-00008844 is just it's like telling them not to
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00021-00008845-00009075 have feelings you better knock out you
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00022-00009076-00009357 better not cry just for somebody to come
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00023-00009358-00009462 and bring you presents
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00024-00009463-00009720 it's like if you're good you will get
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00025-00009721-00009932 presents and believe it or not like
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00026-00009933-00010149 psychologically that's what is going on
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00027-00010150-00010353 with a lot of our society and stuff
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00028-00010354-00010620 these days we are scared to show her
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00029-00010621-00010854 emotions we're scared to feel something
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00030-00010855-00011196 you know we we hide it we go to bars you
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00031-00011197-00011442 go dream keep go do other stupid [__]
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00032-00011443-00011628 just that you don't have to fully feel
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00033-00011629-00012018 it and if you can understand that not
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00034-00012019-00012228 fully feeling it you actually shove it
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00035-00012229-00012621 down into your body in some way shape or
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00036-00012622-00013061 form into your existence but when you
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00037-00013062-00013430 fully feel it you can let go of it
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00038-00013431-00013650 everyone
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00039-00013651-00013968 so I tell my kids that I am bringing
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00040-00013969-00014196 them presents and their dad and my
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00041-00014197-00014508 grandma or their grandmas or whatever so
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00042-00014509-00014883 no sound - here it is when this I still
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00043-00014884-00015125 love Christmas in the spirit
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00044-00015126-00015730 now the gratitude rent can I see this is
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00045-00015731-00015986 going very I'm getting a lot better at
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00046-00015987-00016406 this but um gratitude around you ever
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00047-00016407-00017480 stopped to music I can see it really
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00048-00017481-00017828 well if you can have you ever stopped to
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00049-00017829-00018465 think just really take a deep breath and
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00050-00018466-00018809 just be aware and be grateful for the
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00051-00018810-00019559 fact that you exist you exist I exist
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00052-00019560-00019791 have you ever heard of the word ever I
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00053-00019792-00020081 am just saying I am that I am like I am
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00054-00020082-00021105 I am I exist I exist I am I am I exist
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00055-00021106-00021515 Wow like it's it's all knowing its it's
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00056-00021516-00021947 it's just it's everything if you're ever
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00057-00021948-00022233 having you know hard day you get mixed
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00058-00022234-00022419 up in your thoughts and your mind and
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00059-00022420-00022580 things that you have to do haven't done
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00060-00022581-00022958 this is not kids chores where money bla
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00061-00022959-00023190 bla bla bla just take a deep breath and
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00062-00023191-00023437 take a second for yourself to remember
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00063-00023438-00023649 that you exist
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00064-00023650-00024131 hey everything is just it just is what
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00065-00024132-00024328 it is nothing no built-in meaning good
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00066-00024329-00024597 if you're stressed about something it's
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00067-00024598-00024789 a definition that you put behind you
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00068-00024790-00024992 just take a second take deep breath and
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00069-00024993-00025244 acknowledge the fact that you exist and
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00070-00025245-00025455 that you are an amazing beautiful being
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00071-00025456-00026065 and just yeah you're amazing the day
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00072-00026066-00026290 it's so simple
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00073-00026291-00026765 so yes you talking about you there's no
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00074-00026766-00026949 exceptions I know different for me
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00075-00026950-00027231 you are no different for me you exist I
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00076-00027232-00027882 just we are I am you are Oh
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00077-00027883-00028161 anyways and then another thing I wanted
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00078-00028162-00028422 to talk about some mother's worrying
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00079-00028423-00028614 about starting their kids you know I'm
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00080-00028614-00028875 just doing my best to be an example or
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00081-00028876-00029082 restarting their kids older kids to
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00082-00029083-00029408 breast feed again which is so beautiful
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00083-00029410-00029601 but there you don't want to force
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00084-00029602-00029739 anything they don't want it they don't
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00085-00029739-00029982 want it if they ask for it then yeah I
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00086-00029983-00030210 mean for me it felt better to say yes
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00087-00030211-00030519 like yes you can have some milk babe and
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00088-00030520-00030936 it felt way more like restriction
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00089-00030937-00031248 resistance when I said no to my older
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00090-00031249-00031401 son Josiah when he asked me to
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00091-00031402-00032108 breastfeed him but um and then the kids
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00092-00032110-00032337 were awake for three to four nights or
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00093-00032338-00032505 something in three days the last time
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00094-00032506-00032652 because their dad was making up some
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00095-00032652-00032997 time with them and I didn't Punk too
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00096-00032998-00033242 much like two or three times a day and
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00097-00033243-00033474 you know other people will be like oh my
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00098-00033475-00033671 gosh he milks gonna dry up and I'm like
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00099-00033672-00033867 no it's not they'll be fine mates then
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00100-00033868-00034092 we come talking breast feed again it's
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00101-00034093-00034335 it really is that simple so do your best
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00102-00034336-00034587 to not worry just relax and trust
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00103-00034588-00034848 yourself and tell yourself that you will
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00104-00034849-00035220 have enough milk so it really isn't the
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00105-00035221-00035409 energy that you put behind things is
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00106-00035410-00035601 what you're gonna experience so I just
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00107-00035602-00035712 wanted to share a little bit of that
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00108-00035713-00035949 Merry Christmas Happy Holidays spend it
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00109-00035950-00036153 with your family take some time to
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00110-00036154-00036362 really listen to people and really
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00111-00036363-00036815 listen to respond or listen to what is
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00112-00036816-00037137 it listen to understand rather than
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00113-00037138-00037338 listening to just respond right that's
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00114-00037339-00037461 how we make connections with people
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00115-00037462-00037683 listen to understand them to really feel
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00116-00037684-00037796 what they're feeling and what they're
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00117-00037797-00037961 going through
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00118-00037962-00038630 yeah do not do that and I love you guys
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00119-00038631-00039371 thank you sir
+15TjhT5Q2cU-00120-00039372-00040725 [Music]
+185Aj60XK3M-00000-00000043-00000302 fisheries management is the activity of
+185Aj60XK3M-00001-00000303-00000491 protecting fishery resources so
+185Aj60XK3M-00002-00000492-00000724 sustainable exploitation is possible
+185Aj60XK3M-00003-00000725-00000950 drawing on fishery science and including
+185Aj60XK3M-00004-00000951-00001195 the precautionary principle modern
+185Aj60XK3M-00005-00001196-00001391 fisheries management is often referred
+185Aj60XK3M-00006-00001392-00001562 to as a governmental system of
+185Aj60XK3M-00007-00001563-00001763 appropriate management rules based on
+185Aj60XK3M-00008-00001764-00001927 defined objectives and a mix of
+185Aj60XK3M-00009-00001928-00002108 management means to implement the rules
+185Aj60XK3M-00010-00002109-00002309 which are put in place by a system of
+185Aj60XK3M-00011-00002310-00002530 monitoring control and surveillance a
+185Aj60XK3M-00012-00002531-00002738 popular approach is the ecosystem
+185Aj60XK3M-00013-00002739-00002917 approach to fisheries management
+185Aj60XK3M-00014-00002918-00003151 according to the Food and Agriculture
+185Aj60XK3M-00015-00003152-00003395 Organization of the United Nations FAO
+185Aj60XK3M-00016-00003396-00003650 there are no clear and generally
+185Aj60XK3M-00017-00003651-00003854 accepted definitions of fisheries
+185Aj60XK3M-00018-00003854-00004120 management however the working
+185Aj60XK3M-00019-00004121-00004336 definition used by the FAO and much
+185Aj60XK3M-00020-00004337-00004616 cited elsewhere is the integrated
+185Aj60XK3M-00021-00004617-00004770 process of information gathering
+185Aj60XK3M-00022-00004771-00005024 analysis planning consultation
+185Aj60XK3M-00023-00005025-00005234 decision-making allocation of resources
+185Aj60XK3M-00024-00005235-00005497 and formulation and implementation with
+185Aj60XK3M-00025-00005498-00005731 enforcement as necessary of regulations
+185Aj60XK3M-00026-00005732-00005893 or rules which govern fisheries
+185Aj60XK3M-00027-00005894-00006061 activities in order to ensure the
+185Aj60XK3M-00028-00006062-00006256 continued productivity of the resources
+185Aj60XK3M-00029-00006257-00006395 and the accomplishment of other
+185Aj60XK3M-00030-00006396-00007014 fisheries objectives
+185Aj60XK3M-00031-00007015-00007513 topic history
+185Aj60XK3M-00032-00007514-00007756 fisheries have been explicitly managed
+185Aj60XK3M-00033-00007757-00007942 in some places for hundreds of years
+185Aj60XK3M-00034-00007943-00008198 more than 80 percent of the world's
+185Aj60XK3M-00035-00008199-00008392 commercial exploitation of fish and
+185Aj60XK3M-00036-00008393-00008570 shellfish are harvested from natural
+185Aj60XK3M-00037-00008571-00008767 occurring populations in the oceans and
+185Aj60XK3M-00038-00008768-00009083 freshwater areas for example the Maori
+185Aj60XK3M-00039-00009084-00009139 people
+185Aj60XK3M-00040-00009140-00009331 New Zealand residents for about seven
+185Aj60XK3M-00041-00009332-00009530 hundred years had prohibitions against
+185Aj60XK3M-00042-00009531-00009691 taking more than what could be eaten and
+185Aj60XK3M-00043-00009692-00009880 about giving back the first fish cut as
+185Aj60XK3M-00044-00009881-00010174 an offering to sea god Tangaroa starting
+185Aj60XK3M-00045-00010175-00010358 in the 18th century attempts were made
+185Aj60XK3M-00046-00010359-00010516 to regulate fishing in the north
+185Aj60XK3M-00047-00010517-00010792 Norwegian fishery this resulted in the
+185Aj60XK3M-00048-00010793-00011041 enactment of a law in 1816 on the
+185Aj60XK3M-00049-00011042-00011246 Lofoten fishery which established in
+185Aj60XK3M-00050-00011247-00011392 some measure what has come to be known
+185Aj60XK3M-00051-00011393-00011719 as territorial use rights the fishing
+185Aj60XK3M-00052-00011720-00011953 banks were divided into areas belonging
+185Aj60XK3M-00053-00011954-00012199 to the nearest fishing base on land and
+185Aj60XK3M-00054-00012200-00012433 further subdivided into fields where the
+185Aj60XK3M-00055-00012434-00012674 boats were allowed to fish the
+185Aj60XK3M-00056-00012675-00012910 allocation of the fishing fields was in
+185Aj60XK3M-00057-00012911-00013102 the hands of local governing committees
+185Aj60XK3M-00058-00013103-00013303 usually headed by the owner of the
+185Aj60XK3M-00059-00013304-00013535 onshore facilities which the fisherman
+185Aj60XK3M-00060-00013536-00013738 had to rent for accommodation and for
+185Aj60XK3M-00061-00013740-00013963 drying the fish
+185Aj60XK3M-00062-00013965-00014219 governmental resource protection based
+185Aj60XK3M-00063-00014219-00014444 fisheries management as a relatively new
+185Aj60XK3M-00064-00014444-00014644 idea first developed for North European
+185Aj60XK3M-00065-00014645-00014852 fisheries after the first overfishing
+185Aj60XK3M-00066-00014853-00015232 conference held in London in 1936 in
+185Aj60XK3M-00067-00015233-00015511 1957 British fisheries researchers rabe
+185Aj60XK3M-00068-00015512-00015706 Everton and Sidney Holt published a
+185Aj60XK3M-00069-00015707-00015899 seminal work on North Sea commercial
+185Aj60XK3M-00070-00015900-00016247 fisheries dynamics in the 1960s the work
+185Aj60XK3M-00071-00016247-00016450 became the theoretical platform for
+185Aj60XK3M-00072-00016451-00016763 North European management schemes after
+185Aj60XK3M-00073-00016764-00016916 some years away from the field of
+185Aj60XK3M-00074-00016917-00017128 fisheries management Bevin criticized
+185Aj60XK3M-00075-00017129-00017342 his earlier work in a paper given at the
+185Aj60XK3M-00076-00017343-00017555 first world fisheries Congress in Athens
+185Aj60XK3M-00077-00017556-00017900 in 1992 the dynamics of exploited fish
+185Aj60XK3M-00078-00017901-00018191 populations expressed his concerns
+185Aj60XK3M-00079-00018192-00018394 including the way his in Sydney Holt's
+185Aj60XK3M-00080-00018395-00018593 work had been misinterpreted and misused
+185Aj60XK3M-00081-00018594-00018755 by fishery biologists and managers
+185Aj60XK3M-00082-00018756-00018967 during the previous 30 years
+185Aj60XK3M-00083-00018968-00019208 nevertheless the institutional
+185Aj60XK3M-00084-00019209-00019405 foundation for modern fishery management
+185Aj60XK3M-00085-00019406-00019772 had been laid in 1996 the Marine
+185Aj60XK3M-00086-00019773-00019967 Stewardship Council was founded to set
+185Aj60XK3M-00087-00019968-00020191 standards for sustainable fishing in
+185Aj60XK3M-00088-00020192-00020468 2010 the aquaculture stewardship council
+185Aj60XK3M-00089-00020469-00020621 was created to do the same for
+185Aj60XK3M-00090-00020622-00020978 aquaculture a report by Prince Charles's
+185Aj60XK3M-00091-00020979-00021194 international sustainability unit the
+185Aj60XK3M-00092-00021195-00021362 new york-based Environmental Defense
+185Aj60XK3M-00093-00021363-00021640 Fund and 50 inches 10 published in July
+185Aj60XK3M-00094-00021641-00021917 2014 estimated global fisheries were
+185Aj60XK3M-00095-00021918-00022186 adding 270 billion dollars a year to
+185Aj60XK3M-00096-00022187-00022465 global GDP but by full implementation of
+185Aj60XK3M-00097-00022466-00022655 sustainable fishing that figure could
+185Aj60XK3M-00098-00022656-00022883 rise by an extra amount of as much as 50
+185Aj60XK3M-00099-00022884-00023478 billion dollars
+185Aj60XK3M-00100-00023479-00024078 topic political objectives
+185Aj60XK3M-00101-00024079-00024245 according to the FAO fisheries
+185Aj60XK3M-00102-00024246-00024483 management should be based explicitly on
+185Aj60XK3M-00103-00024484-00024689 political objectives ideally with
+185Aj60XK3M-00104-00024690-00025005 transparent priorities typical political
+185Aj60XK3M-00105-00025006-00025178 objectives when exploiting a fish
+185Aj60XK3M-00106-00025179-00025500 resource are to maximize sustainable
+185Aj60XK3M-00107-00025501-00025808 biomass yield maximize sustainable
+185Aj60XK3M-00108-00025810-00026093 economic yield secure an increase
+185Aj60XK3M-00109-00026094-00026408 employment secure protein production and
+185Aj60XK3M-00110-00026410-00026727 food supplies increase export income
+185Aj60XK3M-00111-00026727-00026933 such political goals can also be a weak
+185Aj60XK3M-00112-00026935-00027123 part of fisheries management since the
+185Aj60XK3M-00113-00027124-00027813 objectives can conflict with each other
+185Aj60XK3M-00114-00027814-00028411 topic international objectives
+185Aj60XK3M-00115-00028412-00028612 fisheries objectives need to be
+185Aj60XK3M-00116-00028613-00028820 expressed in concrete management rules
+185Aj60XK3M-00117-00028820-00029062 in most countries fisheries management
+185Aj60XK3M-00118-00029063-00029207 rules should be based on the
+185Aj60XK3M-00119-00029208-00029395 internationally agreed the non-binding
+185Aj60XK3M-00120-00029397-00029593 code of conduct for responsible
+185Aj60XK3M-00121-00029594-00029764 fisheries agreed at a meeting of the
+185Aj60XK3M-00122-00029766-00029920 UN's Food and Agriculture Organization
+185Aj60XK3M-00123-00029922-00030368 FAO session in 1995 the precautionary
+185Aj60XK3M-00124-00030369-00030577 approach it prescribes as typically
+185Aj60XK3M-00125-00030579-00030790 implemented in concrete management rules
+185Aj60XK3M-00126-00030791-00031027 as minimum spawning biomass maximum
+185Aj60XK3M-00127-00031029-00031433 fishing mortality rates etc in 2005 the
+185Aj60XK3M-00128-00031433-00031679 UBC fishery center at the University of
+185Aj60XK3M-00129-00031680-00031868 British Columbia comprehensively
+185Aj60XK3M-00130-00031869-00032048 reviewed the performance of the world's
+185Aj60XK3M-00131-00032049-00032245 major fishing nations against the code
+185Aj60XK3M-00132-00032247-00032477 international agreements are required in
+185Aj60XK3M-00133-00032477-00032630 order to regulate fisheries in
+185Aj60XK3M-00134-00032631-00032870 international waters the desire for
+185Aj60XK3M-00135-00032871-00033071 agreement on this and other maritime
+185Aj60XK3M-00136-00033072-00033287 issues led to three conferences on the
+185Aj60XK3M-00137-00033288-00033467 law of the sea and ultimately to the
+185Aj60XK3M-00138-00033468-00033640 treaty known as the United Nations
+185Aj60XK3M-00139-00033641-00033987 Convention on the law of the sea UNCLOS
+185Aj60XK3M-00140-00033988-00034211 concepts such as exclusive economic
+185Aj60XK3M-00141-00034212-00034587 zones EEZ extending 200 nautical miles
+185Aj60XK3M-00142-00034588-00034877 370 kilometers from a nation's coasts
+185Aj60XK3M-00143-00034878-00035065 allocate certain sovereign rights and
+185Aj60XK3M-00144-00035066-00035276 responsibilities for resource management
+185Aj60XK3M-00145-00035277-00035624 to individual countries other situations
+185Aj60XK3M-00146-00035625-00035798 need additional intergovernmental
+185Aj60XK3M-00147-00035799-00036017 coordination for example in the
+185Aj60XK3M-00148-00036018-00036221 Mediterranean Sea and other relatively
+185Aj60XK3M-00149-00036222-00036350 narrow bodies of water
+185Aj60XK3M-00150-00036351-00036749 EEZ of 200 nautical miles 370 kilometers
+185Aj60XK3M-00151-00036750-00037015 are irrelevant international waters
+185Aj60XK3M-00152-00037016-00037292 beyond 12 nautical mile 22 kilometers
+185Aj60XK3M-00153-00037293-00037582 from shore require explicit agreements
+185Aj60XK3M-00154-00037583-00037837 straddling fish stocks which migrate
+185Aj60XK3M-00155-00037838-00038065 through more than one EEZ also present
+185Aj60XK3M-00156-00038066-00038290 challenges here sovereign responsibility
+185Aj60XK3M-00157-00038291-00038543 must be agreed with neighboring coastal
+185Aj60XK3M-00158-00038544-00038833 states and fishing entities usually this
+185Aj60XK3M-00159-00038834-00039008 is done through the medium of a regional
+185Aj60XK3M-00160-00039009-00039212 organization set up for the purpose of
+185Aj60XK3M-00161-00039213-00039365 coordinating the management of that
+185Aj60XK3M-00162-00039366-00039712 stock UNCLOS does not prescribe
+185Aj60XK3M-00163-00039713-00039958 precisely how fisheries confined only to
+185Aj60XK3M-00164-00039959-00040158 international waters should be managed
+185Aj60XK3M-00165-00040159-00040448 several new fisheries such as high seas
+185Aj60XK3M-00166-00040449-00040643 bottom trawling fisheries are not yet
+185Aj60XK3M-00167-00040644-00040826 subject to international agreement
+185Aj60XK3M-00168-00040827-00041083 across their entire range in November
+185Aj60XK3M-00169-00041084-00041375 2004 the UN General Assembly issued a
+185Aj60XK3M-00170-00041376-00041567 resolution on fisheries that prepared
+185Aj60XK3M-00171-00041568-00041599 for
+185Aj60XK3M-00172-00041600-00041740 further development of international
+185Aj60XK3M-00173-00041741-00042406 fisheries management law
+185Aj60XK3M-00174-00042407-00042990 topic management mechanisms
+185Aj60XK3M-00175-00042991-00043233 many countries have set up ministries
+185Aj60XK3M-00176-00043234-00043491 government departments named Ministry of
+185Aj60XK3M-00177-00043492-00043809 Fisheries or similar controlling aspects
+185Aj60XK3M-00178-00043810-00043974 of Fisheries within their exclusive
+185Aj60XK3M-00179-00043975-00044274 economic zones four categories of
+185Aj60XK3M-00180-00044275-00044445 management means have been devised
+185Aj60XK3M-00181-00044446-00044682 regulating either input investment or
+185Aj60XK3M-00182-00044683-00044892 output and operating either directly or
+185Aj60XK3M-00183-00044893-00045269 indirectly technical means may include
+185Aj60XK3M-00184-00045270-00045519 prohibiting devices such as bows and
+185Aj60XK3M-00185-00045520-00045782 arrows and Spears or firearms
+185Aj60XK3M-00186-00045783-00046119 prohibiting Nets setting minimum mesh
+185Aj60XK3M-00187-00046120-00046410 sizes limiting the average potential
+185Aj60XK3M-00188-00046411-00046617 catch of a vessel in the fleet vessel
+185Aj60XK3M-00189-00046618-00046869 and crew size gear electronic gear and
+185Aj60XK3M-00190-00046870-00047351 other physical inputs prohibiting bait
+185Aj60XK3M-00191-00047352-00047820 snagging limits on fish traps limiting
+185Aj60XK3M-00192-00047821-00047979 the number of pulls or lines per
+185Aj60XK3M-00193-00047980-00048231 fishermen restricting the number of
+185Aj60XK3M-00194-00048232-00048546 simultaneous fishing vessels limiting of
+185Aj60XK3M-00195-00048547-00048759 vessels average operational intensity
+185Aj60XK3M-00196-00048760-00049062 per unit time at sea limiting average
+185Aj60XK3M-00197-00049063-00049553 time at sea
+185Aj60XK3M-00198-00049554-00050082 topic catch quotas
+185Aj60XK3M-00199-00050083-00050365 systems that use individual transferable
+185Aj60XK3M-00200-00050366-00050653 quotas itq also called individual
+185Aj60XK3M-00201-00050654-00050865 fishing quota limit the total catch and
+185Aj60XK3M-00202-00050866-00051049 allocate shares of that quota among the
+185Aj60XK3M-00203-00051050-00051298 Fisher's who worked at fishery Fisher's
+185Aj60XK3M-00204-00051299-00051514 can buy sell trade shares as they choose
+185Aj60XK3M-00205-00051515-00051904 a large-scale study in 2008 provided
+185Aj60XK3M-00206-00051904-00052126 strong evidence that IT queues can help
+185Aj60XK3M-00207-00052127-00052308 to prevent fishery collapse and even
+185Aj60XK3M-00208-00052309-00052482 restore fisheries that appear to be in
+185Aj60XK3M-00209-00052483-00052723 decline other studies have shown
+185Aj60XK3M-00210-00052724-00052972 negative socio-economic consequences of
+185Aj60XK3M-00211-00052973-00053221 IT queues especially on small-scale
+185Aj60XK3M-00212-00053222-00053503 fisheries these consequences include
+185Aj60XK3M-00213-00053504-00053722 concentration of quota in that hands of
+185Aj60XK3M-00214-00053723-00053887 few Fisher's increased number of
+185Aj60XK3M-00215-00053888-00054076 inactive Fisher's leasing their quotas
+185Aj60XK3M-00216-00054077-00054291 to others a phenomenon known as armchair
+185Aj60XK3M-00217-00054292-00054480 fishermen and detrimental effects on
+185Aj60XK3M-00218-00054482-00055088 coastal communities
+185Aj60XK3M-00219-00055089-00055690 topic precautionary principle
+185Aj60XK3M-00220-00055691-00055960 a fishery managers guidebook issued in
+185Aj60XK3M-00221-00055961-00056251 2002 by the FAO advises that a set of
+185Aj60XK3M-00222-00056252-00056452 working principles should be applied to
+185Aj60XK3M-00223-00056453-00056739 highlight the underlying key issues of
+185Aj60XK3M-00224-00056740-00056947 fisheries management there are eight
+185Aj60XK3M-00225-00056948-00057129 principles that should be considered as
+185Aj60XK3M-00226-00057130-00057307 a whole in order to best manage a
+185Aj60XK3M-00227-00057308-00057604 fishery the first principle focuses on
+185Aj60XK3M-00228-00057604-00057799 the finite nature of fish stocks and how
+185Aj60XK3M-00229-00057800-00058015 potential yields must be estimated based
+185Aj60XK3M-00230-00058016-00058204 on the biological constraints of the
+185Aj60XK3M-00231-00058204-00058582 population in a paper published in 2007
+185Aj60XK3M-00232-00058583-00058804 Scherzer and Prager suggested that there
+185Aj60XK3M-00233-00058804-00058990 can be significant benefits to stock
+185Aj60XK3M-00234-00058991-00059185 biomass in fishery yield if management
+185Aj60XK3M-00235-00059186-00059454 is stricter and more prompt this is
+185Aj60XK3M-00236-00059455-00059608 supported by recent work on the
+185Aj60XK3M-00237-00059609-00059797 management of North Sea fisheries in
+185Aj60XK3M-00238-00059798-00059979 accordance with ranges of acceptable
+185Aj60XK3M-00239-00059980-00060174 fishing where fishing at the top of the
+185Aj60XK3M-00240-00060175-00060469 acceptable ranges as many times more
+185Aj60XK3M-00241-00060470-00060661 risky than fishing near the bottom but
+185Aj60XK3M-00242-00060662-00061375 delivers only 20% more yield
+185Aj60XK3M-00243-00061376-00062062 topic fisheries law Fisheries law is an
+185Aj60XK3M-00244-00062063-00062278 emerging and specialized area of law
+185Aj60XK3M-00245-00062279-00062497 which includes the study and analysis of
+185Aj60XK3M-00246-00062498-00062629 different fisheries management
+185Aj60XK3M-00247-00062629-00062848 approaches including seafood safety
+185Aj60XK3M-00248-00062849-00063090 regulations and aquaculture regulations
+185Aj60XK3M-00249-00063091-00063342 despite its importance this area is
+185Aj60XK3M-00250-00063344-00063523 rarely taught at law schools around the
+185Aj60XK3M-00251-00063524-00063748 world which leaves a vacuum of advocacy
+185Aj60XK3M-00252-00063749-00064056 and research fisheries legislation on
+185Aj60XK3M-00253-00064057-00064198 the national level differs greatly
+185Aj60XK3M-00254-00064199-00064443 between countries fisheries may also be
+185Aj60XK3M-00255-00064444-00064711 managed on an international level one
+185Aj60XK3M-00256-00064712-00064966 the first laws enacted was the United
+185Aj60XK3M-00257-00064966-00065205 Nations Convention on the law of the sea
+185Aj60XK3M-00258-00065207-00065487 of the 10th of December 1982 lost
+185Aj60XK3M-00259-00065488-00065803 Convention which entered into force in
+185Aj60XK3M-00260-00065804-00066136 1994 this law set the foundation for all
+185Aj60XK3M-00261-00066137-00066325 international agreements related to
+185Aj60XK3M-00262-00066326-00066934 oceans that followed
+185Aj60XK3M-00263-00066935-00067483 topic climate change
+185Aj60XK3M-00264-00067484-00067714 in the past changing climate has
+185Aj60XK3M-00265-00067715-00067906 affected inland and offshore fisheries
+185Aj60XK3M-00266-00067907-00068122 and such changes are likely to continue
+185Aj60XK3M-00267-00068123-00068359 from a fisheries perspective the
+185Aj60XK3M-00268-00068360-00068563 specific driving factors of climate
+185Aj60XK3M-00269-00068564-00068773 change include rising water temperature
+185Aj60XK3M-00270-00068774-00068952 alterations in the hydrologic cycle
+185Aj60XK3M-00271-00068953-00069178 changes in nutrient fluxes and
+185Aj60XK3M-00272-00069179-00069361 relocation of spawning and mercer e
+185Aj60XK3M-00273-00069362-00069682 habitat further changes in such factors
+185Aj60XK3M-00274-00069683-00069883 would affect resources at all levels of
+185Aj60XK3M-00275-00069884-00070108 biological organization including the
+185Aj60XK3M-00276-00070109-00070312 genetic organism population and
+185Aj60XK3M-00277-00070313-00070612 ecosystem levels understanding how these
+185Aj60XK3M-00278-00070613-00070798 factors affect fisheries at a more
+185Aj60XK3M-00279-00070799-00071002 nuanced level stand as challenges that
+185Aj60XK3M-00280-00071003-00071248 fish biologists across multiple fields
+185Aj60XK3M-00281-00071249-00071863 still need to face
+185Aj60XK3M-00282-00071864-00072478 topic population dynamics
+185Aj60XK3M-00283-00072479-00072743 population dynamics describes the growth
+185Aj60XK3M-00284-00072744-00072932 and decline of a given fishery stock
+185Aj60XK3M-00285-00072933-00073139 over time as controlled by birth death
+185Aj60XK3M-00286-00073140-00073379 and migration it is the basis for
+185Aj60XK3M-00287-00073380-00073604 understanding changing fishery patterns
+185Aj60XK3M-00288-00073605-00073789 and issues such as habitat destruction
+185Aj60XK3M-00289-00073790-00074021 predation and optimal harvesting rates
+185Aj60XK3M-00290-00074022-00074339 the population dynamics of fisheries has
+185Aj60XK3M-00291-00074340-00074519 been traditionally used by fishery
+185Aj60XK3M-00292-00074520-00074720 scientists to determine sustainable
+185Aj60XK3M-00293-00074721-00074942 yields the basic accounting relation for
+185Aj60XK3M-00294-00074943-00075214 population dynamics as the buyed model N
+185Aj60XK3M-00295-00075215-00075677 1 equals n 0 plus B minus D plus I minus
+185Aj60XK3M-00296-00075678-00075887 e where N 1 as the number of individuals
+185Aj60XK3M-00297-00075888-00076142 at time 1 and 0 is the number of
+185Aj60XK3M-00298-00076143-00076403 individuals at time 0 B is the number of
+185Aj60XK3M-00299-00076404-00076640 individuals born D the number that died
+185Aj60XK3M-00300-00076641-00076838 by the number that emigrated and E the
+185Aj60XK3M-00301-00076839-00077048 number that emigrated between time 0 and
+185Aj60XK3M-00302-00077049-00077294 time one while immigration and
+185Aj60XK3M-00303-00077295-00077477 emigration can be present in wild
+185Aj60XK3M-00304-00077478-00077698 fisheries they are usually not measured
+185Aj60XK3M-00305-00077699-00077984 care is needed when applying population
+185Aj60XK3M-00306-00077985-00078236 dynamics to real-world fisheries in the
+185Aj60XK3M-00307-00078237-00078476 past over simplistic modeling such as
+185Aj60XK3M-00308-00078477-00078695 ignoring the size age and reproductive
+185Aj60XK3M-00309-00078696-00078905 status of the fish focusing solely on a
+185Aj60XK3M-00310-00078906-00079136 single species ignoring bycatch and
+185Aj60XK3M-00311-00079137-00079346 physical damage to the ecosystem has
+185Aj60XK3M-00312-00079347-00080063 accelerated the collapse of key stocks
+185Aj60XK3M-00313-00080064-00080690 topic ecosystem-based fisheries
+185Aj60XK3M-00314-00080691-00080951 according to marine ecologist Chris Fred
+185Aj60XK3M-00315-00080952-00081146 the fishing industry points to pollution
+185Aj60XK3M-00316-00081147-00081332 and global warming as the causes of
+185Aj60XK3M-00317-00081333-00081545 empresa dented Leeloo fish stocks in
+185Aj60XK3M-00318-00081546-00081773 recent years writing everybody would
+185Aj60XK3M-00319-00081774-00081944 like to see the rebuilding of fish
+185Aj60XK3M-00320-00081945-00082166 stocks and this can only be achieved if
+185Aj60XK3M-00321-00082167-00082373 we understand all of the influences
+185Aj60XK3M-00322-00082374-00082699 human and natural on fish dynamics
+185Aj60XK3M-00323-00082700-00083006 overfishing has also had an effect fred
+185Aj60XK3M-00324-00083007-00083207 adds fish communities can be altered in
+185Aj60XK3M-00325-00083208-00083393 a number of ways for example they can
+185Aj60XK3M-00326-00083394-00083630 decrease if particular sized individuals
+185Aj60XK3M-00327-00083631-00083804 of a species are targeted as this
+185Aj60XK3M-00328-00083805-00084016 affects predator and prey dynamics
+185Aj60XK3M-00329-00084017-00084254 fishing however is not the sole
+185Aj60XK3M-00330-00084255-00084458 perpetrator of changes to marine life
+185Aj60XK3M-00331-00084459-00084738 pollution as another example
+185Aj60XK3M-00332-00084739-00084966 know one factor operates in isolation
+185Aj60XK3M-00333-00084967-00085191 and components of the ecosystem respond
+185Aj60XK3M-00334-00085192-00085400 differently to each individual factor in
+185Aj60XK3M-00335-00085401-00085638 contrast to the traditional approach of
+185Aj60XK3M-00336-00085639-00085866 focusing on a single species the
+185Aj60XK3M-00337-00085867-00086142 ecosystem based approach is organized in
+185Aj60XK3M-00338-00086143-00086405 terms of ecosystem services
+185Aj60XK3M-00339-00086406-00086685 ecosystem-based fisheries concept's have
+185Aj60XK3M-00340-00086686-00087048 been implemented in some regions in 2007
+185Aj60XK3M-00341-00087049-00087240 a group of scientists offered the
+185Aj60XK3M-00342-00087241-00087615 following ten commandments report to
+185Aj60XK3M-00343-00087616-00087891 Congress 2009 the state of science to
+185Aj60XK3M-00344-00087892-00088071 support an ecosystem approach to
+185Aj60XK3M-00345-00088072-00088269 regional fishery management National
+185Aj60XK3M-00346-00088270-00088494 Marine Fisheries Service NOAA technical
+185Aj60XK3M-00347-00088495-00089318 memorandum and MF SF SPO 96
+185Aj60XK3M-00348-00089319-00089923 topic elderly maternal fish
+185Aj60XK3M-00349-00089924-00090173 traditional management practices aim to
+185Aj60XK3M-00350-00090174-00090361 reduce the number of old slow growing
+185Aj60XK3M-00351-00090362-00090599 fish leaving more room and resources for
+185Aj60XK3M-00352-00090600-00090886 younger faster growing fish most marine
+185Aj60XK3M-00353-00090887-00091144 fish produce huge numbers of eggs the
+185Aj60XK3M-00354-00091145-00091304 assumption was that younger spawners
+185Aj60XK3M-00355-00091305-00091523 would produce plenty of viable larva
+185Aj60XK3M-00356-00091524-00091801 however 2005 research on rockfish shows
+185Aj60XK3M-00357-00091802-00092003 that large elderly females are far more
+185Aj60XK3M-00358-00092004-00092167 important than younger fish in
+185Aj60XK3M-00359-00092168-00092353 maintaining productive fisheries the
+185Aj60XK3M-00360-00092354-00092611 larvae produced by these older maternal
+185Aj60XK3M-00361-00092612-00092806 fish grow faster survive starvation
+185Aj60XK3M-00362-00092807-00093001 better and are much more likely to
+185Aj60XK3M-00363-00093002-00093169 survive than the offspring of younger
+185Aj60XK3M-00364-00093170-00093422 fish failure to account for the role of
+185Aj60XK3M-00365-00093423-00093635 older fish may help explain recent
+185Aj60XK3M-00366-00093636-00093856 collapses of some major u.s. West Coast
+185Aj60XK3M-00367-00093857-00094142 fisheries recovery of some stocks is
+185Aj60XK3M-00368-00094143-00094367 expected to take decades one way to
+185Aj60XK3M-00369-00094368-00094549 prevent such collapses as to establish
+185Aj60XK3M-00370-00094550-00094780 marine reserves where fishing is not
+185Aj60XK3M-00371-00094781-00094957 allowed in fish populations age
+185Aj60XK3M-00372-00094958-00095535 naturally
+185Aj60XK3M-00373-00095536-00096084 topic data quality
+185Aj60XK3M-00374-00096085-00096330 according to fishery scientist Milo
+185Aj60XK3M-00375-00096331-00096543 Adkison the primary limitation in
+185Aj60XK3M-00376-00096544-00096737 fisheries management decisions as the
+185Aj60XK3M-00377-00096738-00096993 absence of quality data fisheries
+185Aj60XK3M-00378-00096994-00097205 management decisions are often based on
+185Aj60XK3M-00379-00097206-00097412 population models but the models need
+185Aj60XK3M-00380-00097413-00097694 quality data to be effective he asserts
+185Aj60XK3M-00381-00097695-00097890 that scientists and fishery managers
+185Aj60XK3M-00382-00097891-00098046 would be better served with simpler
+185Aj60XK3M-00383-00098047-00098231 models and improved data the most
+185Aj60XK3M-00384-00098232-00098438 reliable source for summary statistics
+185Aj60XK3M-00385-00098439-00099132 as the FAO fisheries department
+185Aj60XK3M-00386-00099133-00099597 topic Iko Beth
+185Aj60XK3M-00387-00099598-00099888 eeeek opeth with eco some you is an
+185Aj60XK3M-00388-00099889-00100194 ecosystem modeling software suite it was
+185Aj60XK3M-00389-00100195-00100366 initially a NOAA initiative led by
+185Aj60XK3M-00390-00100367-00100585 jeffrey paula veena later primarily
+185Aj60XK3M-00391-00100586-00100816 developed at the UBC fisheries Center of
+185Aj60XK3M-00392-00100817-00101085 the University of British Columbia in
+185Aj60XK3M-00393-00101086-00101331 2007 it was named as one of the 10
+185Aj60XK3M-00394-00101332-00101521 biggest scientific breakthroughs in
+185Aj60XK3M-00395-00101522-00101832 NOAA's 200 year history the citation
+185Aj60XK3M-00396-00101833-00102051 states that eco pyth revolutionized
+185Aj60XK3M-00397-00102052-00102280 scientists ability worldwide to
+185Aj60XK3M-00398-00102281-00102576 understand complex marine ecosystems
+185Aj60XK3M-00399-00102577-00102831 behind this lies two decades of
+185Aj60XK3M-00400-00102832-00103000 development work by Billy Christianson
+185Aj60XK3M-00401-00103001-00103254 Carl Walters Daniel Polly and other
+185Aj60XK3M-00402-00103255-00103578 fishery scientists as of 2010 there are
+185Aj60XK3M-00403-00103579-00103950 6,000 registered users in 155 countries
+185Aj60XK3M-00404-00103951-00104224 eco path is widely used in fisheries
+185Aj60XK3M-00405-00104225-00104422 management as a tool for modeling and
+185Aj60XK3M-00406-00104423-00104634 visualizing the complex relationships
+185Aj60XK3M-00407-00104635-00104802 that exist in real-world marine
+185Aj60XK3M-00408-00104803-00105395 ecosystems
+185Aj60XK3M-00409-00105396-00105947 topic human factors
+185Aj60XK3M-00410-00105948-00106186 managing fisheries is about managing
+185Aj60XK3M-00411-00106188-00106373 people and businesses and not about
+185Aj60XK3M-00412-00106374-00106660 managing fish fish populations are
+185Aj60XK3M-00413-00106661-00106850 managed by regulating the actions of
+185Aj60XK3M-00414-00106851-00107086 people if fisheries management is to be
+185Aj60XK3M-00415-00107088-00107339 successful then associated human factors
+185Aj60XK3M-00416-00107340-00107533 such as the reactions of fishermen are
+185Aj60XK3M-00417-00107534-00107690 of key importance and need to be
+185Aj60XK3M-00418-00107691-00107903 understood management regulations must
+185Aj60XK3M-00419-00107904-00108089 also consider the implications for
+185Aj60XK3M-00420-00108090-00108368 stakeholders commercial fishermen rely
+185Aj60XK3M-00421-00108369-00108563 on catches to provide for their families
+185Aj60XK3M-00422-00108564-00108881 just as farmers rely on crops commercial
+185Aj60XK3M-00423-00108882-00109046 fishing can be a traditional trade
+185Aj60XK3M-00424-00109047-00109199 passed down from generation to
+185Aj60XK3M-00425-00109200-00109486 generation most commercial fishing is
+185Aj60XK3M-00426-00109488-00109684 based in towns built around the fishing
+185Aj60XK3M-00427-00109685-00109885 industry regulation changes can impact
+185Aj60XK3M-00428-00109886-00110225 an entire towns economy cuts in harvest
+185Aj60XK3M-00429-00110226-00110414 quotas can have adverse effects on the
+185Aj60XK3M-00430-00110415-00110600 ability of fishermen to compete with the
+185Aj60XK3M-00431-00110601-00110828 tourism industry effective management of
+185Aj60XK3M-00432-00110829-00110993 Fisheries includes involving all
+185Aj60XK3M-00433-00110994-00111251 stakeholders in the fishery to do this
+185Aj60XK3M-00434-00111252-00111464 successfully stakeholders need to feel
+185Aj60XK3M-00435-00111465-00111614 empowered enough to make meaningful
+185Aj60XK3M-00436-00111615-00111820 contributions to the management process
+185Aj60XK3M-00437-00111821-00112076 empowerment has a wide application but
+185Aj60XK3M-00438-00112077-00112298 in this context it refers to a tool that
+185Aj60XK3M-00439-00112299-00112429 gives people within the fishing
+185Aj60XK3M-00440-00112430-00112609 communities an opportunity to shape
+185Aj60XK3M-00441-00112610-00112793 their own future in order to cope with
+185Aj60XK3M-00442-00112794-00112994 the impacts from large-scale commercial
+185Aj60XK3M-00443-00112995-00113215 fishing competition of resources and
+185Aj60XK3M-00444-00113216-00113386 other threats that impact fishing
+185Aj60XK3M-00445-00113388-00113576 communities however there are limits to
+185Aj60XK3M-00446-00113577-00113753 empowerment in the fisheries management
+185Aj60XK3M-00447-00113754-00114028 process empowerment maintains an
+185Aj60XK3M-00448-00114029-00114203 involvement on the part of the state and
+185Aj60XK3M-00449-00114204-00114395 fisheries management and no matter how
+185Aj60XK3M-00450-00114396-00114586 empowered the other stakeholders are the
+185Aj60XK3M-00451-00114588-00114778 success of fisheries isn't possible
+185Aj60XK3M-00452-00114779-00115001 without the legislative powers financial
+185Aj60XK3M-00453-00115002-00115210 resources educational support and
+185Aj60XK3M-00454-00115211-00115384 research the government provides this
+185Aj60XK3M-00455-00115385-00115619 concept is not accepted by all as some
+185Aj60XK3M-00456-00115620-00115814 communities and individuals argue that
+185Aj60XK3M-00457-00115815-00116000 the state should withdraw completely and
+185Aj60XK3M-00458-00116001-00116168 let the local communities handle their
+185Aj60XK3M-00459-00116169-00116369 own fishery management based on cultural
+185Aj60XK3M-00460-00116370-00116599 traditions and established practices
+185Aj60XK3M-00461-00116600-00116840 additionally others have argued that Co
+185Aj60XK3M-00462-00116841-00117034 management only empowers the wealthy and
+185Aj60XK3M-00463-00117035-00117251 powerful which in turn solidifies and
+185Aj60XK3M-00464-00117252-00117382 validates the already existing
+185Aj60XK3M-00465-00117383-00117640 inequalities of fisheries management
+185Aj60XK3M-00466-00117641-00117872 empowerment working as a function of CO
+185Aj60XK3M-00467-00117873-00118064 management carried out correctly will
+185Aj60XK3M-00468-00118065-00118214 not only enable but it will authorize
+185Aj60XK3M-00469-00118215-00118424 individuals and communities to make
+185Aj60XK3M-00470-00118425-00118615 meaningful contributions to fisheries
+185Aj60XK3M-00471-00118616-00118871 management it is a mechanism that works
+185Aj60XK3M-00472-00118872-00119051 in a loop where an individual gains
+185Aj60XK3M-00473-00119052-00119246 empowerment and encouragement from being
+185Aj60XK3M-00474-00119247-00119321 a part of the
+185Aj60XK3M-00475-00119322-00119477 group and the collective action is only
+185Aj60XK3M-00476-00119478-00119653 successful because of its empowered
+185Aj60XK3M-00477-00119654-00119948 individuals in order to effectively and
+185Aj60XK3M-00478-00119949-00120139 successfully use empowerment as Co
+185Aj60XK3M-00479-00120140-00120340 management it is imperative that study
+185Aj60XK3M-00480-00120341-00120586 programs guidelines reading materials
+185Aj60XK3M-00481-00120588-00120824 manuals and checklists are developed and
+185Aj60XK3M-00482-00120825-00120985 incorporated into all fisheries
+185Aj60XK3M-00483-00120986-00121547 management
+185Aj60XK3M-00484-00121548-00122067 topic performance
+185Aj60XK3M-00485-00122068-00122301 the biomass of certain global fish
+185Aj60XK3M-00486-00122302-00122558 stocks have been allowed to run down the
+185Aj60XK3M-00487-00122559-00122745 biomass of many species have now
+185Aj60XK3M-00488-00122746-00122901 diminished to the point where it is no
+185Aj60XK3M-00489-00122902-00123114 longer possible to sustainably catch the
+185Aj60XK3M-00490-00123115-00123286 amount of fish that could be caught
+185Aj60XK3M-00491-00123288-00123635 according to a 2008 UN report titled the
+185Aj60XK3M-00492-00123636-00123798 sunken billions the economic
+185Aj60XK3M-00493-00123799-00124023 justification for fisheries reform the
+185Aj60XK3M-00494-00124024-00124257 world's fishing fleets in Korea fifty
+185Aj60XK3M-00495-00124258-00124508 billion dollars annual economic loss
+185Aj60XK3M-00496-00124508-00124749 through depleted stocks and poor
+185Aj60XK3M-00497-00124750-00124995 fisheries management the report produced
+185Aj60XK3M-00498-00124996-00125223 jointly by the World Bank in the UN Food
+185Aj60XK3M-00499-00125224-00125508 and Agriculture Organization FAO asserts
+185Aj60XK3M-00500-00125508-00125670 that half the world's fishing fleet
+185Aj60XK3M-00501-00125671-00125888 could be scrapped with no change in cash
+185Aj60XK3M-00502-00125889-00126153 by improving governance of marine
+185Aj60XK3M-00503-00126154-00126381 fisheries society could capture a
+185Aj60XK3M-00504-00126382-00126611 substantial part of this 50 billion
+185Aj60XK3M-00505-00126613-00126933 dollars annual economic loss through
+185Aj60XK3M-00506-00126933-00127146 comprehensive reform the fisheries
+185Aj60XK3M-00507-00127147-00127341 sector could become a basis for economic
+185Aj60XK3M-00508-00127342-00127608 growth and the creation of alternative
+185Aj60XK3M-00509-00127608-00127914 livelihoods in many countries at the
+185Aj60XK3M-00510-00127915-00128193 same time a nation's natural capital in
+185Aj60XK3M-00511-00128194-00128397 the form of fish stocks could be greatly
+185Aj60XK3M-00512-00128398-00128636 increased in the negative impacts of the
+185Aj60XK3M-00513-00128638-00128766 fisheries on the marine environment
+185Aj60XK3M-00514-00128767-00129010 reduced
+185Aj60XK3M-00515-00129011-00129257 the most prominent failure of fisheries
+185Aj60XK3M-00516-00129258-00129449 management in recent times has perhaps
+185Aj60XK3M-00517-00129450-00129601 been the events that lead to the
+185Aj60XK3M-00518-00129602-00129783 collapse of the northern cod fisheries
+185Aj60XK3M-00519-00129784-00130036 more recently the international
+185Aj60XK3M-00520-00130038-00130256 consortium of investigative journalists
+185Aj60XK3M-00521-00130257-00130429 produced a series of journalistic
+185Aj60XK3M-00522-00130430-00130621 investigations called looting the sees
+185Aj60XK3M-00523-00130622-00130913 these detail investigations into the
+185Aj60XK3M-00524-00130914-00131101 black market for bluefin tuna the
+185Aj60XK3M-00525-00131102-00131273 subsidies propping up the Spanish
+185Aj60XK3M-00526-00131274-00131468 fishing industry and the overfishing of
+185Aj60XK3M-00527-00131469-00132107 the Chilean jack mackerel
+185Aj60XK3M-00528-00132108-00132633 topic see also
+185Aj60XK3M-00529-00132634-00132990 equals equals notes
+19XzRpW6ve0-00000-00000088-00000231 hey there commanders
+19XzRpW6ve0-00001-00000231-00000423 a little bit of a late upload this week
+19XzRpW6ve0-00002-00000424-00000591 um and that was a deliberate choice on
+19XzRpW6ve0-00003-00000592-00000703 my part
+19XzRpW6ve0-00004-00000704-00000839 i looked at this community goal and
+19XzRpW6ve0-00005-00000840-00001070 realized it was boring and my thursday
+19XzRpW6ve0-00006-00001071-00001254 was stacked
+19XzRpW6ve0-00007-00001255-00001607 so i ended up having to table the video
+19XzRpW6ve0-00008-00001607-00001751 that night
+19XzRpW6ve0-00009-00001752-00001942 and that meant not releasing anything on
+19XzRpW6ve0-00010-00001943-00002110 friday so uh
+19XzRpW6ve0-00011-00002111-00002271 here i am saturday morning just kind of
+19XzRpW6ve0-00012-00002272-00002487 slapping this baby together because
+19XzRpW6ve0-00013-00002488-00002663 you're not missing anything i just
+19XzRpW6ve0-00014-00002664-00002823 preface that on the front end if you're
+19XzRpW6ve0-00015-00002824-00002958 busy and you want to go do something
+19XzRpW6ve0-00016-00002959-00003095 else you can shut the video off right
+19XzRpW6ve0-00017-00003096-00003286 now but if you want to know why
+19XzRpW6ve0-00018-00003288-00003519 this community goes kind of bland just
+19XzRpW6ve0-00019-00003520-00003679 stick around and i'll go ahead and slam
+19XzRpW6ve0-00020-00003679-00003935 this out real quick there are no exotic
+19XzRpW6ve0-00021-00003936-00004135 modules on offer we're not getting any
+19XzRpW6ve0-00022-00004136-00004359 special physical reward
+19XzRpW6ve0-00023-00004360-00004470 right here
+19XzRpW6ve0-00024-00004471-00004654 blanket discount
+19XzRpW6ve0-00025-00004655-00004799 and if you go down here to the other
+19XzRpW6ve0-00026-00004800-00004935 community goal it's being offered in the
+19XzRpW6ve0-00027-00004936-00005135 same system these are competing goals
+19XzRpW6ve0-00028-00005136-00005351 only one can win and the benefit is only
+19XzRpW6ve0-00029-00005352-00005543 issued to the winner
+19XzRpW6ve0-00030-00005544-00005791 it's another blanket discount in both
+19XzRpW6ve0-00031-00005792-00006102 cases it's a 10 reduction to the cost of
+19XzRpW6ve0-00032-00006103-00006318 mining modules
+19XzRpW6ve0-00033-00006319-00006567 where the reduction will only apply to
+19XzRpW6ve0-00034-00006568-00006855 the community goal that wins in this
+19XzRpW6ve0-00035-00006856-00007039 case if you're working on torval it'll
+19XzRpW6ve0-00036-00007040-00007246 be the pride of bitter wood and if
+19XzRpW6ve0-00037-00007247-00007446 you're working with cane mining it's
+19XzRpW6ve0-00038-00007447-00007678 going to be smithport
+19XzRpW6ve0-00039-00007679-00007870 both of these stations are in the dulo
+19XzRpW6ve0-00040-00007872-00007983 system
+19XzRpW6ve0-00041-00007984-00008142 bitterwood is a mega ship that moves
+19XzRpW6ve0-00042-00008143-00008367 around so i would imagine if
+19XzRpW6ve0-00043-00008368-00008559 you know pride if torval mining wins
+19XzRpW6ve0-00044-00008560-00008727 that bitter wood will
+19XzRpW6ve0-00045-00008728-00008959 linger in the system and do its thing
+19XzRpW6ve0-00046-00008960-00009127 and if they lose then it will probably
+19XzRpW6ve0-00047-00009128-00009271 dip out
+19XzRpW6ve0-00048-00009272-00009495 probably a week after the community goal
+19XzRpW6ve0-00049-00009496-00009831 we'll we'll see what happens
+19XzRpW6ve0-00050-00009832-00010071 now the problem i have in specific with
+19XzRpW6ve0-00051-00010072-00010223 this community goal is that the reward
+19XzRpW6ve0-00052-00010224-00010359 structure is bland and the thing that
+19XzRpW6ve0-00053-00010360-00010599 it's asking you to go and get it's three
+19XzRpW6ve0-00054-00010600-00010814 mining commodities gallite bromeliad and
+19XzRpW6ve0-00055-00010815-00011110 samarium these are not particularly rare
+19XzRpW6ve0-00056-00011111-00011295 as mining commodities go but that means
+19XzRpW6ve0-00057-00011296-00011574 they're also not particularly valuable
+19XzRpW6ve0-00058-00011575-00011814 here's the spreadsheet of current known
+19XzRpW6ve0-00059-00011815-00012006 market rates at the pride of bitter wood
+19XzRpW6ve0-00060-00012007-00012206 which is one of the the stations
+19XzRpW6ve0-00061-00012207-00012438 involved and you'll see that sumerium
+19XzRpW6ve0-00062-00012439-00012638 and gali are highlighted as having
+19XzRpW6ve0-00063-00012639-00012966 abnormally high sell prices so if you're
+19XzRpW6ve0-00064-00012967-00013143 selling to the station you can get you
+19XzRpW6ve0-00065-00013144-00013343 know compared to galactic average a
+19XzRpW6ve0-00066-00013344-00013494 pretty good take but you'll note the
+19XzRpW6ve0-00067-00013495-00013711 bromeliad which is the other
+19XzRpW6ve0-00068-00013712-00013879 mineral that they're after
+19XzRpW6ve0-00069-00013880-00014143 it is only highlighted in blue
+19XzRpW6ve0-00070-00014144-00014351 and what that means is that its take
+19XzRpW6ve0-00071-00014352-00014551 rate isn't actually that good that means
+19XzRpW6ve0-00072-00014552-00014758 there's other places in the bubble that
+19XzRpW6ve0-00073-00014759-00014999 are buying bromeliad for more than what
+19XzRpW6ve0-00074-00015000-00015166 the community goal is currently taking
+19XzRpW6ve0-00075-00015168-00015383 it for and you can actually go and you
+19XzRpW6ve0-00076-00015384-00015550 can see where that's happening if i
+19XzRpW6ve0-00077-00015551-00015719 select bromeliad
+19XzRpW6ve0-00078-00015719-00015855 i can see
+19XzRpW6ve0-00079-00015856-00016063 maximum sell prices in the galaxy and
+19XzRpW6ve0-00080-00016063-00016238 you'll note there are a bunch of fleet
+19XzRpW6ve0-00081-00016240-00016591 carriers for whatever reason offering
+19XzRpW6ve0-00082-00016592-00016967 to buy this material for 300 000 credits
+19XzRpW6ve0-00083-00016968-00017391 for some reason that i don't know
+19XzRpW6ve0-00084-00017392-00017567 and that's if you want to sell to a
+19XzRpW6ve0-00085-00017568-00017758 station now if you want to buy from a
+19XzRpW6ve0-00086-00017759-00018311 station you go to the exports tab here
+19XzRpW6ve0-00087-00018312-00018575 and you can buy from a fleet carrier for
+19XzRpW6ve0-00088-00018576-00018830 roughly the same price
+19XzRpW6ve0-00089-00018831-00019071 in fact it's all fleet carriers
+19XzRpW6ve0-00090-00019072-00019271 and it looks like they're scattered all
+19XzRpW6ve0-00091-00019272-00019471 over the place um
+19XzRpW6ve0-00092-00019472-00019727 here's smith port we can check the take
+19XzRpW6ve0-00093-00019728-00019871 rates for smithport real quick and
+19XzRpW6ve0-00094-00019872-00020014 compare them to the pride of bitterwood
+19XzRpW6ve0-00095-00020015-00020150 i imagine the prices are going to be
+19XzRpW6ve0-00096-00020151-00020343 really similar though i
+19XzRpW6ve0-00097-00020344-00020535 i can't imagine that they're uh they're
+19XzRpW6ve0-00098-00020536-00020711 going to be very different
+19XzRpW6ve0-00099-00020712-00020958 but they do have a much
+19XzRpW6ve0-00100-00020959-00021150 a much greater breadth of operations in
+19XzRpW6ve0-00101-00021151-00021463 their market and it looks like 23 60 51
+19XzRpW6ve0-00102-00021464-00021630 looks like they're pretty close to uh
+19XzRpW6ve0-00103-00021631-00021758 yeah
+19XzRpW6ve0-00104-00021759-00022007 yeah smithport isn't offering anything
+19XzRpW6ve0-00105-00022008-00022222 higher anything better price wise which
+19XzRpW6ve0-00106-00022223-00022375 makes sense
+19XzRpW6ve0-00107-00022376-00022558 now here's the problem with these prices
+19XzRpW6ve0-00108-00022559-00022750 in general if you're trying to make
+19XzRpW6ve0-00109-00022751-00022950 money in a community goal there are more
+19XzRpW6ve0-00110-00022951-00023199 productive things that you can hunt for
+19XzRpW6ve0-00111-00023200-00023439 these fleet carriers that's weird i want
+19XzRpW6ve0-00112-00023440-00023614 to i i don't know if any of you guys
+19XzRpW6ve0-00113-00023615-00023767 have a fleet carrier that's selling this
+19XzRpW6ve0-00114-00023768-00023942 stuff but i would wonder
+19XzRpW6ve0-00115-00023943-00024094 how you're able to get away with prices
+19XzRpW6ve0-00116-00024095-00024239 that high because that that blows the
+19XzRpW6ve0-00117-00024240-00024430 galactic average out of the water i'll
+19XzRpW6ve0-00118-00024431-00024783 go over here and hit up mining tools
+19XzRpW6ve0-00119-00024784-00024958 the fleet carriers are beating the
+19XzRpW6ve0-00120-00024959-00025175 current best price for pay night and low
+19XzRpW6ve0-00121-00025176-00025367 temperature diamonds right now which is
+19XzRpW6ve0-00122-00025368-00025567 odd because painite and low temperature
+19XzRpW6ve0-00123-00025568-00025694 diamonds have been the kings of the
+19XzRpW6ve0-00124-00025695-00025846 mining meta for
+19XzRpW6ve0-00125-00025847-00026078 more than a year now if you're trying to
+19XzRpW6ve0-00126-00026079-00026270 generate credits to buy your next ship
+19XzRpW6ve0-00127-00026272-00026399 and you want to do it mining these are
+19XzRpW6ve0-00128-00026400-00026567 the two best ways to do it
+19XzRpW6ve0-00129-00026568-00026751 and you'll note that uh let's see let me
+19XzRpW6ve0-00130-00026752-00026895 get painite back up here make sure i'm
+19XzRpW6ve0-00131-00026895-00027007 looking at the right price right pay
+19XzRpW6ve0-00132-00027008-00027214 night is the undisputed king
+19XzRpW6ve0-00133-00027216-00027351 it's current take
+19XzRpW6ve0-00134-00027352-00027574 from the npc markets these are not fleet
+19XzRpW6ve0-00135-00027575-00027874 carriers these are stations 238
+19XzRpW6ve0-00136-00027875-00028314 288 per ton with a demand of
+19XzRpW6ve0-00137-00028316-00028583 7939 and this is a record that's 20
+19XzRpW6ve0-00138-00028583-00028839 hours old its closest hot spot if you
+19XzRpW6ve0-00139-00028839-00028999 wanted to sell to this station and just
+19XzRpW6ve0-00140-00029000-00029199 do direct mining without a fleet carrier
+19XzRpW6ve0-00141-00029200-00029614 h.r 8461 which you can see up here
+19XzRpW6ve0-00142-00029616-00029870 actually has a painite hot spot
+19XzRpW6ve0-00143-00029872-00030055 in
+19XzRpW6ve0-00144-00030056-00030287 planet six ring a
+19XzRpW6ve0-00145-00030288-00030470 so you do still need to have a detailed
+19XzRpW6ve0-00146-00030472-00030614 surface scanner to be able to find that
+19XzRpW6ve0-00147-00030616-00030790 specific hotspot but but this is an
+19XzRpW6ve0-00148-00030791-00031135 assurance that it is there
+19XzRpW6ve0-00149-00031136-00031270 i recommend if you're going to do this
+19XzRpW6ve0-00150-00031272-00031414 that you have or work with a fleet
+19XzRpW6ve0-00151-00031416-00031623 carrier because it lets you bank up a
+19XzRpW6ve0-00152-00031624-00031767 large amount of materials but there are
+19XzRpW6ve0-00153-00031768-00032014 places where the loop isn't too bad if
+19XzRpW6ve0-00154-00032016-00032102 you
+19XzRpW6ve0-00155-00032103-00032279 if you don't mind taking a hit to a
+19XzRpW6ve0-00156-00032280-00032502 maximum take rate petted orbital is
+19XzRpW6ve0-00157-00032503-00032871 taking 193 650 but you do have to have a
+19XzRpW6ve0-00158-00032872-00033143 medium pad ship in order to dock there
+19XzRpW6ve0-00159-00033144-00033359 and if you need a large pad ship
+19XzRpW6ve0-00160-00033360-00033607 the next most favorable distance is
+19XzRpW6ve0-00161-00033608-00033959 piercy gateway it's 86 light year 89
+19XzRpW6ve0-00162-00033960-00034111 well that's more like 87 light years
+19XzRpW6ve0-00163-00034112-00034262 from the nearest hot spot it's taking
+19XzRpW6ve0-00164-00034263-00034455 185 000
+19XzRpW6ve0-00165-00034456-00034551 um
+19XzRpW6ve0-00166-00034552-00034646 it's
+19XzRpW6ve0-00167-00034647-00034846 a little bit out of the way it's not too
+19XzRpW6ve0-00168-00034847-00035031 bad and that's just if you want to do
+19XzRpW6ve0-00169-00035032-00035302 npc mining now man
+19XzRpW6ve0-00170-00035303-00035518 i wonder what's going on here that these
+19XzRpW6ve0-00171-00035519-00035679 fleet carriers are able to take prices
+19XzRpW6ve0-00172-00035680-00035790 this high because i don't think they're
+19XzRpW6ve0-00173-00035791-00035927 going to be recovering them from the
+19XzRpW6ve0-00174-00035928-00036127 community goal directly i mean unless
+19XzRpW6ve0-00175-00036128-00036279 we're doing some kind of a completionist
+19XzRpW6ve0-00176-00036280-00036390 thing
+19XzRpW6ve0-00177-00036391-00036527 and i don't even know if these fleet
+19XzRpW6ve0-00178-00036528-00036815 carriers are dockable let me uh
+19XzRpW6ve0-00179-00036816-00037015 now let's let's see maybe it will tell
+19XzRpW6ve0-00180-00037016-00037255 us i have never actually tried to
+19XzRpW6ve0-00181-00037256-00037423 get into fleet carriers on inara very
+19XzRpW6ve0-00182-00037424-00037574 much so this will be a new experience
+19XzRpW6ve0-00183-00037575-00037673 for me um
+19XzRpW6ve0-00184-00037674-00037918 [Music]
+19XzRpW6ve0-00185-00037919-00038167 security level medium no permit of
+19XzRpW6ve0-00186-00038168-00038487 course no permit
+19XzRpW6ve0-00187-00038488-00038887 there have been 36 plus player ships
+19XzRpW6ve0-00188-00038888-00039111 based on in our commander profile
+19XzRpW6ve0-00189-00039112-00039367 updates
+19XzRpW6ve0-00190-00039368-00039527 so a lot of players are coming in and
+19XzRpW6ve0-00191-00039528-00039662 out of here
+19XzRpW6ve0-00192-00039663-00040246 um alliance office of statistics
+19XzRpW6ve0-00193-00040247-00040439 this is the uh this is the station
+19XzRpW6ve0-00194-00040440-00040551 information so there's been a lot of
+19XzRpW6ve0-00195-00040552-00040807 player ships coming into this system
+19XzRpW6ve0-00196-00040808-00041055 this fleet carrier is not telling us oh
+19XzRpW6ve0-00197-00041056-00041239 yep here we go
+19XzRpW6ve0-00198-00041240-00041487 docking status all but the last update
+19XzRpW6ve0-00199-00041488-00041846 on docking status was 154 days ago
+19XzRpW6ve0-00200-00041847-00042183 and it has a 25 service tariff which is
+19XzRpW6ve0-00201-00042184-00042367 pretty steep
+19XzRpW6ve0-00202-00042368-00042574 i don't know
+19XzRpW6ve0-00203-00042575-00042735 if you guys are buying or selling
+19XzRpW6ve0-00204-00042736-00042887 commodities from fleet carriers let us
+19XzRpW6ve0-00205-00042888-00043039 know in the comments
+19XzRpW6ve0-00206-00043040-00043183 how that's going
+19XzRpW6ve0-00207-00043184-00043335 because there's a lot of ways that you
+19XzRpW6ve0-00208-00043336-00043535 can pull shenanigans with fleet carriers
+19XzRpW6ve0-00209-00043536-00043902 and i'm a little nervous to uh
+19XzRpW6ve0-00210-00043903-00044183 encourage people to go straight to them
+19XzRpW6ve0-00211-00044184-00044302 because i don't know if that's a good
+19XzRpW6ve0-00212-00044303-00044518 deal or not and with prices that high
+19XzRpW6ve0-00213-00044519-00044727 i'm a little skeptical as to what's
+19XzRpW6ve0-00214-00044728-00044927 going on here because someone's
+19XzRpW6ve0-00215-00044928-00045327 if they're
+19XzRpW6ve0-00216-00045328-00045462 yeah i i don't know what's going on
+19XzRpW6ve0-00217-00045463-00045639 there so let me know in the comments if
+19XzRpW6ve0-00218-00045640-00045823 you know cause i'm kind of out on my ass
+19XzRpW6ve0-00219-00045824-00046039 on this one
+19XzRpW6ve0-00220-00046040-00046199 as for participation directly in the
+19XzRpW6ve0-00221-00046200-00046430 community goal i can't recommend it if
+19XzRpW6ve0-00222-00046431-00046686 you buy commodities at 300 000 tons from
+19XzRpW6ve0-00223-00046687-00046839 a fleet carrier and then try to sell
+19XzRpW6ve0-00224-00046840-00047062 them here you're gonna take a loss
+19XzRpW6ve0-00225-00047063-00047223 so i don't know maybe these guys are
+19XzRpW6ve0-00226-00047224-00047407 trying to scalp the markets or maybe
+19XzRpW6ve0-00227-00047408-00047590 there's something else taking place that
+19XzRpW6ve0-00228-00047591-00047686 i am
+19XzRpW6ve0-00229-00047687-00047974 not seeing so that's all i got for today
+19XzRpW6ve0-00230-00047975-00048344 i will catch you guys later
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00000-00000043-00000286 climate change mitigation consists of
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00001-00000287-00000467 actions to limit the magnitude or rate
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00002-00000468-00000626 of long-term global warming and its
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00003-00000627-00000877 related effect climate change mitigation
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00004-00000878-00001108 generally involves reductions in human
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00005-00001109-00001247 and frupa genic emissions of greenhouse
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00006-00001248-00001618 gases GHGs mitigation may also be
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00007-00001619-00001793 achieved by increasing the capacity of
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00008-00001794-00002074 carbon sinks eg through reforestation
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00009-00002075-00002297 mitigation policies can substantially
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00010-00002298-00002456 reduce the risks associated with
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00011-00002457-00002666 human-induced global warming according
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00012-00002667-00002915 to the IPCC s 2014 assessment report
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00013-00002916-00003142 mitigation is a public good climate
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00014-00003143-00003331 change is a case of the tragedy of the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00015-00003332-00003590 Commons effective climate change
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00016-00003590-00003785 mitigation will not be achieved if each
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00017-00003786-00004049 agent individual institution or country
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00018-00004050-00004256 acts independently in its own selfish
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00019-00004257-00004456 interest see International Cooperation
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00020-00004457-00004661 and emissions trading suggesting the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00021-00004662-00004901 need for collective action some
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00022-00004902-00005111 adaptation actions on the other hand
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00023-00005112-00005320 have characteristics of a private good
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00024-00005321-00005501 as benefits of actions may accrue more
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00025-00005502-00005752 directly to the individuals regions or
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00026-00005753-00005947 countries that undertake them at least
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00027-00005948-00006275 in the short term nevertheless financing
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00028-00006276-00006472 such adaptive activities remains an
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00029-00006473-00006689 issue particularly for poor individuals
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00030-00006690-00006970 and countries the examples of mitigation
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00031-00006972-00007159 include reducing energy demand by
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00032-00007161-00007391 increasing energy efficiency phasing out
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00033-00007392-00007601 fossil fuels by switching to low-carbon
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00034-00007602-00007774 energy sources and removing carbon
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00035-00007775-00007952 dioxide from Earth's atmosphere for
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00036-00007953-00008105 example through improved building
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00037-00008106-00008357 insulation another approach to climate
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00038-00008358-00008539 change mitigation is climate engineering
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00039-00008540-00008785 most countries are parties to the United
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00040-00008786-00008956 Nations Framework Convention on Climate
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00041-00008957-00009320 Change UNFCCC the ultimate objective of
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00042-00009321-00009599 the UNFCCC is to stabilize atmospheric
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00043-00009600-00009799 concentrations of GHGs at a level that
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00044-00009800-00009928 would prevent dangerous human
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00045-00009929-00010144 interference of the climate system
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00046-00010145-00010342 scientific analysis can provide
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00047-00010343-00010508 information on the impacts of climate
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00048-00010509-00010703 change but deciding which impacts are
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00049-00010704-00010892 dangerous requires value judgments in
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00050-00010893-00011203 2010 parties to the UNFCCC agreed that
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00051-00011204-00011384 future global warming should be limited
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00052-00011385-00011689 to below 2.0 degrees Celsius 3.6 degrees
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00053-00011690-00011816 fahrenheit relative to the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00054-00011817-00012053 pre-industrial level with the Paris
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00055-00012054-00012266 agreement of 2015 this was confirmed
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00056-00012267-00012416 that was revised with a new target
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00057-00012417-00012703 laying down parties will do the best to
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00058-00012704-00012916 achieve warming below 1.5 degrees
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00059-00012917-00013154 Celsius the current trajectory of global
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00060-00013155-00013330 greenhouse gas emissions does not appear
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00061-00013331-00013394 to be consistent
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00062-00013394-00013544 with limiting global warming to below
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00063-00013544-00013865 1.5 or 2 degrees Celsius other
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00064-00013866-00014060 mitigation policies have been proposed
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00065-00014061-00014219 some of which are more stringent or
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00066-00014219-00014408 modest than the 2 degrees Celsius limit
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00067-00014409-00014691 in 2019 after two years of research
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00068-00014693-00014900 scientists from Australia and Germany
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00069-00014901-00015133 presented thee one earth climate model
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00070-00015134-00015368 that shows how exactly we can stay below
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00071-00015369-00015653 1.5 degrees in price of 1.7 trillion
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00072-00015654-00016216 dollars per year
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00073-00016218-00016530 topic greenhouse gas concentrations and
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00074-00016531-00016977 stabilization
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00075-00016978-00017175 one of the issues often discussed in
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00076-00017176-00017364 relation to climate change mitigation is
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00077-00017365-00017544 the stabilization of greenhouse gas
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00078-00017545-00017781 concentrations in the atmosphere the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00079-00017782-00017976 United Nations Framework Convention on
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00080-00017977-00018225 Climate Change UNFCCC has the ultimate
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00081-00018226-00018405 objective of preventing dangerous
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00082-00018406-00018750 anthropogenic I a human interference of
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00083-00018751-00018984 the climate system as he stated in
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00084-00018985-00019140 article 2 of the convention this
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00085-00019141-00019332 requires that greenhouse gas GHG
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00086-00019333-00019509 concentrations are stabilized in the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00087-00019510-00019704 atmosphere at a level where ecosystems
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00088-00019705-00019869 can adapt naturally to climate change
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00089-00019870-00020043 food production is not threatened and
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00090-00020044-00020219 economic development can proceed in a
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00091-00020220-00020382 sustainable fashion there are a number
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00092-00020383-00020643 of anthropogenic greenhouse gases these
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00093-00020644-00020883 include carbon dioxide chemical formula
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00094-00020884-00021282 co2 methane ch4 nitrous oxide n2o and a
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00095-00021283-00021432 group of gases referred to as hello
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00096-00021433-00021690 carbons another greenhouse gas water
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00097-00021691-00021900 vapor has also risen as an indirect
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00098-00021901-00022161 result of human activities the emissions
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00099-00022162-00022329 reductions necessary to stabilize the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00100-00022330-00022500 atmospheric concentrations of these
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00101-00022501-00022818 gases varies co2 is the most important
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00102-00022819-00022997 of the anthropogenic greenhouse gases
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00103-00022998-00023151 see radiative forcing there is a
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00104-00023152-00023337 difference between stabilizing co2
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00105-00023338-00023535 emissions and stabilizing atmospheric
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00106-00023536-00023828 concentrations of co2 stabilizing
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00107-00023829-00024030 emissions of co2 at current levels would
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00108-00024031-00024197 not lead to a stabilization in the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00109-00024198-00024519 atmospheric concentration of co2 in fact
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00110-00024520-00024696 stabilizing emissions at current levels
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00111-00024697-00024855 would result in the atmospheric
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00112-00024856-00025074 concentration of co2 continuing to rise
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00113-00025075-00025299 over the 21st century and beyond see the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00114-00025300-00025542 graphs opposite the reason for this is
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00115-00025543-00025767 that human activities are adding co2 to
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00116-00025768-00025922 the atmosphere faster than natural
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00117-00025923-00026088 processes can remove it see carbon
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00118-00026089-00026262 dioxide in Earth's atmosphere for a
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00119-00026263-00026514 complete explanation this is analogous
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00120-00026514-00026757 to a flow of water into a bathtub so
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00121-00026758-00026958 long as the tap runs water analogous to
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00122-00026958-00027146 the emission of carbon dioxide into the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00123-00027147-00027318 tub faster than water escapes through
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00124-00027319-00027486 the plughole analogous to the natural
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00125-00027487-00027657 removal of carbon dioxide from the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00126-00027658-00027845 atmosphere the level of water in the tub
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00127-00027847-00028029 analogous to the concentration of carbon
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00128-00028030-00028230 dioxide in the atmosphere will continue
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00129-00028231-00028482 to rise according to some studies
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00130-00028483-00028677 stabilizing atmospheric co2
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00131-00028677-00028814 concentrations would require
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00132-00028816-00029015 anthropogenic co2 emissions to be
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00133-00029016-00029214 reduced by 80% relative to the peak
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00134-00029214-00029477 emissions level an 80% reduction in
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00135-00029479-00029620 emissions would stabilize co2
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00136-00029622-00029840 concentrations for around a century but
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00137-00029841-00029970 even greater reductions would be
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00138-00029970-00030227 required beyond this other research has
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00139-00030228-00030351 found that after leaving
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00140-00030352-00030504 for emissions for food production for
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00141-00030505-00030657 nine billion people and to keep the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00142-00030658-00030801 global temperature rise below two
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00143-00030802-00030980 degrees Celsius emissions from energy
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00144-00030981-00031152 production and transport will have to
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00145-00031152-00031329 peak almost immediately in the developed
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00146-00031330-00031586 world and decline at sea a 10 percent
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00147-00031587-00031752 per annum until zero emissions are
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00148-00031752-00032004 reached around 2030 in developing
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00149-00032005-00032168 countries energy and transport emissions
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00150-00032169-00032385 would have to peak by 2025 and then
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00151-00032386-00032570 decline similarly stabilizing the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00152-00032572-00032742 atmospheric concentration of the other
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00153-00032743-00032921 greenhouse gases humans emit also
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00154-00032922-00033099 depends on how fast their emissions are
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00155-00033100-00033279 added to the atmosphere and how fast the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00156-00033280-00033585 GHGs are removed stabilization for these
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00157-00033586-00033777 gases is described in the latest section
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00158-00033778-00034101 on non co2 GHGs in 2018 an international
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00159-00034102-00034257 team of scientists published research
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00160-00034258-00034401 saying that the current mitigation
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00161-00034402-00034548 policy in Paris agreement is
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00162-00034549-00034695 insufficient to limit the temperature
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00163-00034696-00034940 rise to two degrees they say that even
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00164-00034941-00035087 if all the current pledges will be
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00165-00035088-00035220 accomplished there is a chance for a
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00166-00035221-00035396 four point five degree temperature rise
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00167-00035397-00035687 in decades to preventing the restoration
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00168-00035688-00035901 of natural carbon sinks carbon dioxide
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00169-00035902-00036108 removal changes in society and values
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00170-00036109-00036348 will be necessary projections
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00171-00036349-00036512 projections of future greenhouse gas
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00172-00036513-00036726 emissions are highly uncertain in the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00173-00036727-00036879 absence of policies to mitigate climate
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00174-00036880-00037107 change GHG emissions could rise
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00175-00037108-00037268 significantly over the twenty first
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00176-00037269-00037323 century
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00177-00037324-00037499 numerous assessments have considered how
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00178-00037500-00037733 atmospheric GHG concentrations could be
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00179-00037734-00037952 stabilized below the desired
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00180-00037953-00038171 stabilization level the sooner global
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00181-00038172-00038526 GHG emissions must peak and decline GHG
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00182-00038527-00038730 concentrations are unlikely to stabilize
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00183-00038731-00038907 this century without major policy
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00184-00038908-00039429 changes
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00185-00039430-00040059 topic energy consumption by power source
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00186-00040060-00040306 to create lasting climate change
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00187-00040307-00040474 mitigation the replacement of high
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00188-00040475-00040666 carbon emission intensity power sources
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00189-00040667-00040924 such as conventional fossil fuels oil
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00190-00040925-00041191 coal and natural gas with low-carbon
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00191-00041192-00041470 power sources is required fossil fuels
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00192-00041471-00041677 supply humanity with the vast majority
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00193-00041678-00041845 of our energy demands and at a growing
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00194-00041846-00042175 rate in 2012 the IEA noted that coal
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00195-00042176-00042340 accounted for half the increased energy
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00196-00042341-00042559 use of the prior decade growing faster
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00197-00042560-00042817 than all renewable energy sources both
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00198-00042818-00043003 hydroelectricity and nuclear power
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00199-00043004-00043180 together provide the majority of the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00200-00043181-00043375 generated low-carbon power fraction of
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00201-00043376-00044122 global total power consumption topic
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00202-00044123-00044695 methods and means assessments often
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00203-00044696-00044869 suggest that GHG emissions can be
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00204-00044870-00045088 reduced using a portfolio of low-carbon
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00205-00045089-00045310 technologies at the core of most
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00206-00045311-00045463 proposals is the reduction of greenhouse
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00207-00045464-00045742 gas GHG emissions for reducing energy
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00208-00045743-00045934 waste and switching to low-carbon power
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00209-00045935-00046168 sources of energy as the cost of
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00210-00046169-00046345 reducing GHG emissions in the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00211-00046346-00046522 electricity sector appears to be lower
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00212-00046523-00046687 than in other sectors such as in the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00213-00046688-00046882 transportation sector the electricity
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00214-00046883-00047023 sector may deliver the largest
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00215-00047024-00047200 proportional carbon reductions under an
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00216-00047201-00047386 economically efficient climate policy
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00217-00047387-00047593 economic tools can be useful in
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00218-00047594-00047743 designing climate change mitigation
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00219-00047744-00048055 policies while the limitations of
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00220-00048056-00048283 economics and social welfare analysis
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00221-00048284-00048496 including cost-benefit analysis are
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00222-00048497-00048706 widely documented economics nevertheless
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00223-00048707-00048940 provides useful tools for assessing the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00224-00048941-00049123 pros and cons of taking or not taking
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00225-00049124-00049396 action on climate change mitigation as
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00226-00049397-00049588 well as of adaptation measures in
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00227-00049589-00049869 achieving competing societal goals
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00228-00049870-00050098 understanding these pros and cons can
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00229-00050099-00050299 help in making policy decisions on
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00230-00050300-00050482 climate change mitigation and can
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00231-00050483-00050697 influence the actions taken by countries
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00232-00050698-00051004 institutions and individuals other
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00233-00051005-00051178 frequently discussed means include
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00234-00051179-00051400 efficiency public transport increasing
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00235-00051401-00051562 fuel economy in automobiles which
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00236-00051563-00051727 includes the use of electric hybrids
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00237-00051728-00051883 charging plug-in hybrids and electric
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00238-00051884-00052123 cars by low-carbon electricity making
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00239-00052124-00052333 individual changes and changing business
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00240-00052334-00052594 practices many fossil fuel driven
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00241-00052595-00052716 vehicles can be converted
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00242-00052716-00052880 to use electricity the US has the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00243-00052882-00053132 potential to supply electricity for 73
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00244-00053133-00053394 percent of light duty vehicles LDV using
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00245-00053395-00053685 overnight charging the u.s. average co2
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00246-00053686-00053906 emissions for a battery electric car is
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00247-00053907-00054279 180 grams per mile BS 430 grams per mile
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00248-00054279-00054534 for a gasoline car the emissions would
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00249-00054535-00054690 be displaced away from street level
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00250-00054691-00054869 where they have high human health
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00251-00054870-00055065 implications increased use of
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00252-00055066-00055319 electricity generation for meeting the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00253-00055320-00055512 future transportation load is primarily
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00254-00055513-00055716 fossil fuel based mostly natural gas
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00255-00055716-00055916 followed by coal but could also be met
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00256-00055917-00056126 through nuclear tidal hydroelectric and
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00257-00056127-00056361 other sources a range of energy
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00258-00056362-00056541 technologies may contribute to climate
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00259-00056541-00056775 change mitigation these include nuclear
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00260-00056776-00056966 power and renewable energy sources such
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00261-00056967-00057222 as biomass hydroelectricity wind power
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00262-00057223-00057465 solar power geothermal power ocean
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00263-00057466-00057656 energy and the use of carbon sinks and
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00264-00057657-00057810 carbon capture and storage
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00265-00057811-00058053 for example Pacala and Socolow of
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00266-00058054-00058229 Princeton have proposed a 15 part
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00267-00058230-00058454 program to reduce co2 emissions by 1
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00268-00058455-00058694 billion metric tons per year - or 25
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00269-00058695-00058844 billion tons over the 50 year period
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00270-00058845-00059075 using today's technologies as a type of
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00271-00059076-00059207 global warming game another
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00272-00059208-00059338 consideration is how future
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00273-00059339-00059573 socio-economic development proceeds
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00274-00059574-00059925 development choices or pathways can lead
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00275-00059926-00060198 differences in GHG emissions political
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00276-00060199-00060390 and social attitudes may affect how easy
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00277-00060391-00060518 or difficult it is to implement
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00278-00060519-00061184 effective policies to reduce emissions
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00279-00061185-00062039 topic demand-side management
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00280-00062040-00062705 topic lifestyle and behavior the ipcc
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00281-00062707-00062901 fifth assessment report emphasizes that
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00282-00062902-00063114 behavior lifestyle and cultural change
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00283-00063115-00063305 have a high mitigation potential in some
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00284-00063307-00063489 sectors particularly when complementing
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00285-00063490-00063704 technological and structural change in
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00286-00063704-00063972 general higher consumption lifestyles
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00287-00063973-00064134 have a greater environmental impact
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00288-00064135-00064350 several scientific studies have shown
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00289-00064351-00064524 that when people especially those living
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00290-00064525-00064667 in developed countries but more
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00291-00064669-00064836 generally including all countries wish
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00292-00064837-00064998 to reduce their carbon footprint there
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00293-00064999-00065166 are four key high-impact
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00294-00065166-00065520 actions they can take one not having an
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00295-00065521-00065784 additional child 58.6 tons co2
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00296-00065785-00065985 equivalent emissions reductions per year
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00297-00065986-00066416 two living car-free 2.4 tons co2 3
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00298-00066417-00066651 avoiding one round-trip transatlantic
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00299-00066652-00066969 flight 1.6 tons before feeding a
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00300-00066970-00067236 plant-based diet 0.8 tons these appear
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00301-00067237-00067410 to differ significantly from the popular
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00302-00067411-00067593 advice for greening one's lifestyle
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00303-00067594-00067761 which seemed to fall mostly into the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00304-00067762-00067983 low-impact category replacing a typical
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00305-00067984-00068277 car with a hybrid 0.5 2 tons washing
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00306-00068278-00068388 clothes in cold water
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00307-00068389-00068841 0.25 tons recycling 0.21 tons upgrading
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00308-00068842-00069249 lightbulbs 0.10 tons etc the researchers
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00309-00069250-00069435 found that public discourse on reducing
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00310-00069436-00069609 one's carbon footprint overwhelmingly
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00311-00069610-00069831 focuses on low-impact behaviors and that
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00312-00069832-00070011 mention of the high impact behaviour is
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00313-00070012-00070167 almost non-existent in the mainstream
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00314-00070168-00070410 media government publications k-12
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00315-00070411-00070605 school textbooks etc the researchers
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00316-00070606-00070776 added that our recommended high-impact
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00317-00070777-00070932 actions are more effective than many
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00318-00070933-00071115 more commonly discussed options eg
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00319-00071116-00071322 eating a plant-based diet saves 8 times
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00320-00071323-00071514 more emissions and upgrading light bulbs
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00321-00071515-00071808 more significantly a u.s. family who
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00322-00071809-00071979 chooses to have one fewer child would
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00323-00071980-00072141 provide the same level of emissions
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00324-00072142-00072393 reductions as 680 for teenagers who
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00325-00072394-00072557 choose to adopt comprehensive recycling
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00326-00072558-00073226 for the rest of their lives
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00327-00073227-00073775 dietary change overall food accounts for
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00328-00073776-00073937 the largest share of consumption based
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00329-00073938-00074178 GHG emissions with nearly 20 percent of
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00330-00074179-00074367 the global carbon footprint followed by
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00331-00074368-00074622 housing mobility services manufactured
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00332-00074623-00074867 products and construction food and
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00333-00074868-00075044 services are more significant in poor
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00334-00075045-00075182 countries while mobility and
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00335-00075183-00075372 manufactured goods are more significant
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00336-00075373-00075692 in rich countries a 2014 study into the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00337-00075693-00075836 real-life diets of British people
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00338-00075837-00075996 estimates their greenhouse gas
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00339-00075997-00076268 contributions co2 a cue to be seven
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00340-00076269-00076440 point one nine kilograms per day for
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00341-00076441-00076611 high meat heaters through to three point
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00342-00076612-00076757 eight one kilograms per day for
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00343-00076758-00076949 vegetarians in two point eight nine
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00344-00076950-00077231 kilograms per day for vegans the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00345-00077232-00077423 widespread adoption of a vegetarian diet
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00346-00077424-00077618 could cut food-related greenhouse gas
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00347-00077619-00077905 emissions by sixty three percent by 2050
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00348-00077906-00078182 China introduced new dietary guidelines
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00349-00078183-00078374 in 2016 which aim to cut meat
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00350-00078375-00078609 consumption by 50% and thereby reduce
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00351-00078610-00078788 greenhouse gas emissions by 1 billion
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00352-00078789-00079179 ton by 2030 a 2016 study concluded that
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00353-00079180-00079329 taxes on meat and milk could
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00354-00079330-00079485 simultaneously result in reduced
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00355-00079486-00079655 greenhouse gas emissions and healthier
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00356-00079656-00079953 diets the study analyzed surcharges of
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00357-00079954-00080247 40% on beef and 20% on milk and suggests
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00358-00080248-00080369 that an optimum plan would reduce
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00359-00080370-00081001 emissions by 1 billion tons per year
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00360-00081002-00081617 topic energy efficiency and conservation
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00361-00081618-00081851 efficient energy use sometimes simply
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00362-00081852-00082139 called energy efficiency is the goal of
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00363-00082140-00082286 efforts to reduce the amount of energy
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00364-00082287-00082448 required to provide products and
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00365-00082449-00082733 services for example insulating a home
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00366-00082734-00082919 allows a building to use less heating
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00367-00082920-00083063 and cooling energy to achieve and
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00368-00083064-00083251 maintain a comfortable temperature
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00369-00083252-00083504 installing LED lighting fluorescent
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00370-00083505-00083684 lighting or natural skylight windows
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00371-00083685-00083888 reduces the amount of energy required to
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00372-00083889-00084026 attain the same level of illumination
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00373-00084027-00084176 compared to using traditional
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00374-00084177-00084458 incandescent light bulbs compact
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00375-00084459-00084713 fluorescent lamps use only 33% of the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00376-00084714-00084923 energy and may last 6 to 10 times longer
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00377-00084924-00085235 than incandescent lights LED lamps use
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00378-00085236-00085424 only about 10% of the energy an
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00379-00085425-00085715 incandescent lamp requires energy
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00380-00085716-00085850 efficiency has proved to be a
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00381-00085851-00086024 cost-effective strategy for building
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00382-00086025-00086201 economies without necessarily growing
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00383-00086202-00086501 energy consumption for example the state
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00384-00086502-00086687 of California began implementing energy
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00385-00086688-00086897 efficiency measures in the mid 1970s
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00386-00086898-00087098 including Building Code and appliance
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00387-00087099-00087242 standards with strict efficiency
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00388-00087243-00087491 requirements during the following years
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00389-00087492-00087677 California's energy consumption has
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00390-00087678-00087860 remained approximately flat on a per
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00391-00087861-00088031 capita basis while national u.s.
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00392-00088032-00088262 consumption doubled as part of its
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00393-00088263-00088457 strategy California implemented a
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00394-00088458-00088721 loading order for new energy resources
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00395-00088722-00088895 that put energy efficiency first
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00396-00088896-00089108 renewable electricity supplies second
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00397-00089109-00089306 and new fossil 5 power plants last
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00398-00089307-00089480 energy conservation is broader than
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00399-00089481-00089639 energy efficiency in that it encompasses
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00400-00089640-00089837 using less energy to achieve a lesser
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00401-00089838-00090044 energy demanding service for example
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00402-00090045-00090209 through behavioral change as well as
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00403-00090210-00090391 encompassing energy efficiency the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00404-00090392-00090602 examples of conservation without
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00405-00090603-00090779 efficiency improvements would be heating
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00406-00090780-00090965 a room less in winter driving less or
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00407-00090966-00091148 working in a less brightly lit room as
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00408-00091149-00091394 with other definitions the boundary
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00409-00091395-00091565 between efficient energy use and energy
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00410-00091566-00091784 conservation can be fuzzy but both are
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00411-00091785-00091976 important in environmental and economic
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00412-00091977-00092228 terms this is especially the case when
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00413-00092229-00092384 actions are directed at the saving of
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00414-00092385-00092615 fossil fuels reducing energy use is seen
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00415-00092616-00092768 as a key solution to the problem of
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00416-00092769-00092953 reducing greenhouse gas emissions
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00417-00092954-00093158 according to the International Energy
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00418-00093159-00093398 Agency improved energy efficiency in
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00419-00093399-00093572 buildings industrial processes and
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00420-00093573-00093740 transportation could reduce the world's
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00421-00093741-00094007 energy needs in 2050 by 1/3 and help
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00422-00094008-00094145 control global emissions of greenhouse
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00423-00094146-00094666 gases
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00424-00094667-00095309 topic demand-side switching sources fuel
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00425-00095310-00095476 switching on the demand side refers to
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00426-00095477-00095644 changing the type of fuel used to
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00427-00095645-00095930 satisfy a need for an energy service to
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00428-00095931-00096149 meet the decarbonisation goals like the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00429-00096150-00096394 80% reduction by 2050 goal being
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00430-00096395-00096596 discussed in California and the European
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00431-00096597-00096806 Union many primary energy changes are
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00432-00096807-00097061 needed energy efficiency alone may not
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00433-00097062-00097211 be sufficient to meet these goals
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00434-00097212-00097421 switching fuels used on the demand side
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00435-00097422-00097612 will help lower carbon emissions
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00436-00097613-00097853 progressively coal oil and eventually
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00437-00097854-00098015 natural gas for space and water heating
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00438-00098016-00098294 in buildings will need to be reduced for
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00439-00098295-00098453 an equivalent amount of heat burning
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00440-00098454-00098690 natural gas produces about 45 percent
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00441-00098691-00098899 less carbon dioxide than burning coal
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00442-00098900-00099128 there are various ways in which this
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00443-00099129-00099266 could happen and different strategies
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00444-00099267-00099449 will likely make sense in different
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00445-00099450-00099722 locations while the system efficiency of
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00446-00099723-00099884 a gas furnace may be higher than the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00447-00099885-00100076 combination of natural gas power plant
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00448-00100077-00100259 and electric heat the combination of the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00449-00100260-00100436 same natural gas power plant and an
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00450-00100437-00100622 electric heat pump has lower emissions
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00451-00100623-00100790 per unit of heat delivered in all but
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00452-00100791-00101032 the coldest climates this is possible
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00453-00101033-00101156 because of the very efficient
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00454-00101157-00101356 coefficient of performance of heat pumps
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00455-00101357-00101666 at the beginning of this century 70% of
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00456-00101667-00101867 all electricity was generated by fossil
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00457-00101868-00102044 fuels and as carbon free sources
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00458-00102045-00102191 eventually make up half of the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00459-00102192-00102380 generation mix replacing gas or oil
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00460-00102381-00102590 furnaces and water heaters with electric
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00461-00102591-00102824 ones will have a climate benefit in
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00462-00102825-00103046 areas like Norway Brazil and Quebec that
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00463-00103047-00103265 have abundant hydroelectricity electric
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00464-00103266-00103571 heat in hot water a common the economics
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00465-00103572-00103751 of switching the demand side from fossil
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00466-00103752-00103940 fuels to electricity for heating will
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00467-00103941-00104099 depend on the price of fuels vs
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00468-00104100-00104281 electricity and the relative prices of
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00469-00104282-00104560 the equipment the EIA annual Energy
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00470-00104561-00104804 Outlook 2014 suggests that domestic gas
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00471-00104805-00105010 prices will rise faster than electricity
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00472-00105011-00105119 prices which will encourage
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00473-00105120-00105391 electrification in the coming decades
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00474-00105392-00105602 electrifying heating loads may also
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00475-00105603-00105782 provide a flexible resource that can
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00476-00105783-00106043 participate in demand response since
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00477-00106044-00106214 thermostatically controlled loads have
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00478-00106215-00106394 inherent energy storage electrification
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00479-00106395-00106568 of heating could provide a valuable
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00480-00106569-00106783 resource to integrate variable renewable
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00481-00106784-00107081 resources into the grid alternatives to
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00482-00107082-00107288 electrification include decarbonizing
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00483-00107289-00107513 pipeline gas through power to gas biogas
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00484-00107514-00107833 or other carbon neutral fuels a 2015
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00485-00107834-00107916 study by
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00486-00107917-00108108 energy plus environmental economics
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00487-00108108-00108243 shows that a hybrid approach at
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00488-00108244-00108393 decarbonizing pipeline gas
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00489-00108394-00108618 electrification and energy efficiency
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00490-00108619-00108801 can meet carbon reduction goals of a
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00491-00108802-00109005 similar cost is only electrification and
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00492-00109006-00109633 energy efficiency in Southern California
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00493-00109634-00110201 topic demand side grid management
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00494-00110202-00110408 expanding intermittent electrical
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00495-00110409-00110598 sources such as wind power creates a
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00496-00110599-00110735 growing problem balancing grid
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00497-00110736-00110991 fluctuations some of the plans include
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00498-00110992-00111195 building pumped storage or continental
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00499-00111196-00111395 super grids costing billions of dollars
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00500-00111396-00111618 however instead of building for more
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00501-00111619-00111807 power there are a variety of ways to
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00502-00111808-00111942 affect the size and timing of
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00503-00111943-00112169 electricity demand on the consumer side
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00504-00112170-00112377 designing for reduced demands on a
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00505-00112378-00112559 smaller power grid is more efficient
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00506-00112560-00112701 than economic than having extra
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00507-00112702-00112842 generation and transmission for
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00508-00112843-00113025 intermittency power failures and peak
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00509-00113026-00113304 demands having these abilities is one of
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00510-00113305-00113489 the chief aims of a smart grid
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00511-00113490-00113727 time-of-use metering is a common way to
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00512-00113728-00113931 motivate electricity users to reduce
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00513-00113932-00114198 their peak load consumption for instance
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00514-00114199-00114372 running dishwashers and laundry at night
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00515-00114373-00114555 after the peak has passed reduces
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00516-00114556-00114882 electricity costs dynamic demand plans
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00517-00114883-00115071 have devices passively shut off when
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00518-00115072-00115229 stress is sensed on the electrical grid
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00519-00115230-00115473 this method may work very well with
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00520-00115474-00115668 thermostats when power on the grid sags
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00521-00115669-00115851 a small amount a low power temperature
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00522-00115852-00116022 setting is automatically selected
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00523-00116023-00116177 reducing the load on the grid for
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00524-00116178-00116397 instance millions of refrigerators
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00525-00116398-00116553 reduce their consumption when clouds
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00526-00116554-00116853 pass over solar installations consumers
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00527-00116854-00117003 would need to have a smart meter in
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00528-00117004-00117165 order for the utility to calculate
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00529-00117166-00117468 credits demand response devices could
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00530-00117469-00117639 receive all sorts of messages from the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00531-00117640-00117876 grid the message could be a request to
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00532-00117877-00118077 use a low power mode similar to dynamic
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00533-00118078-00118266 demand to shutoff entirely during a
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00534-00118267-00118401 sudden failure on the grid or
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00535-00118402-00118575 notifications about the current and
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00536-00118576-00118707 expected prices for power
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00537-00118708-00118938 this would allow electric cars to
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00538-00118939-00119094 recharge at the least expensive rates
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00539-00119095-00119322 independent of the time of day the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00540-00119323-00119493 vehicle to grid suggestion would use a
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00541-00119494-00119691 car's battery or fuel cell to supply the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00542-00119692-00120232 grid temporarily
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00543-00120233-00121220 topic alternative energy sources topic
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00544-00121221-00121603 renewable energy
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00545-00121604-00121843 renewable energy flows involve natural
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00546-00121844-00122044 phenomena such as sunlight wind rain
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00547-00122045-00122263 tides plant growth and geothermal heat
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00548-00122264-00122419 as the International Energy Agency
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00549-00122420-00122725 explains renewable energy is derived
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00550-00122726-00122866 from natural processes that are
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00551-00122867-00123103 replenished constantly in its various
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00552-00123104-00123307 forms it derives directly from the Sun
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00553-00123308-00123483 or from heat generated deep within the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00554-00123484-00123718 earth included in the definition is
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00555-00123719-00123877 electricity and heat generated from
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00556-00123878-00124141 solar wind ocean hydropower biomass
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00557-00124142-00124357 geothermal resources and biofuels and
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00558-00124358-00124474 hydrogen derived from renewable
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00559-00124475-00124789 resources climate change concerns and
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00560-00124790-00124951 the need to reduce carbon emissions at
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00561-00124952-00125085 driving increasing growth in the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00562-00125086-00125356 renewable energy industries low-carbon
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00563-00125357-00125554 renewable energy replaces conventional
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00564-00125555-00125760 fossil fuels in three main areas power
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00565-00125761-00125989 generation hot water space heating and
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00566-00125990-00126304 transport fuels in 2011 the share of
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00567-00126305-00126481 renewables in electricity generation
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00568-00126482-00126664 worldwide grew for the fourth year in a
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00569-00126665-00127129 row to 20.2% based on ren21 2014 report
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00570-00127130-00127366 renewables contributed 19% to supply
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00571-00127367-00127630 global energy consumption this energy
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00572-00127631-00127864 consumption is divided as 9% coming from
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00573-00127865-00128101 burning biomass 4.2 percent as heat
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00574-00128102-00128305 energy non biomass three point eight
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00575-00128306-00128515 percent hydroelectricity and two percent
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00576-00128516-00128650 there's electricity from wind solar
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00577-00128651-00128883 geothermal and biomass thermal power
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00578-00128884-00129082 plants renewable energy use has grown
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00579-00129083-00129349 much faster than anyone anticipated the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00580-00129350-00129475 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00581-00129476-00129724 Change IPCC has said that there are a
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00582-00129725-00129919 few fundamental technological limits to
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00583-00129920-00130066 integrating a portfolio of renewable
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00584-00130067-00130267 energy technologies to meet most of
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00585-00130268-00130489 total global energy demand at the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00586-00130490-00130666 national level at least 30 nations
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00587-00130667-00130840 around the world already have renewable
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00588-00130841-00131047 energy contributing more than 20% of
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00589-00131048-00131377 energy supply as of 2012 renewable
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00590-00131378-00131557 energy accounts for almost half of new
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00591-00131558-00131764 electricity capacity installed and costs
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00592-00131765-00132022 are continuing to fall public policy and
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00593-00132023-00132238 political leadership helps to level the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00594-00132239-00132436 playing field and drive the wider
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00595-00132437-00132586 acceptance of renewable energy
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00596-00132587-00132946 technologies as of 2011 118 countries
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00597-00132947-00133087 have targets for their own renewable
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00598-00133088-00133258 energy futures and have enacted
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00599-00133259-00133429 wide-ranging public policies to promote
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00600-00133430-00133696 renewables leading renewable energy
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00601-00133697-00133846 companies include BrightSource
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00602-00133847-00134074 Energy First Solar camisa GE Energy
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00603-00134075-00134335 Goldwyn so noble Sun tech Trina Solar
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00604-00134336-00134556 Vestas and young Li the incentive to use
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00605-00134557-00134821 100% renewable energy has been created
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00606-00134822-00135028 by global warming and other ecological
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00607-00135029-00135298 as well as economic concerns mark said
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00608-00135299-00135493 Jacobson says producing all new energy
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00609-00135494-00135658 with wind power solar power and
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00610-00135659-00135892 hydropower by 2030 is feasible and
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00611-00135893-00136081 existing energy supply arrangements
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00612-00136082-00136372 could be replaced by 2050 barriers to
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00613-00136373-00136543 implementing the renewable energy plan
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00614-00136544-00136759 is seen to be primarily social and
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00615-00136760-00137022 political not technological or economic
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00616-00137023-00137242 Jacobson says that energy costs with a
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00617-00137243-00137425 wind solar water system should be
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00618-00137426-00137613 similar to today's energy costs
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00619-00137614-00137875 according to a 2011 projection by the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00620-00137876-00138130 IAEA International Energy Agency solar
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00621-00138131-00138337 power generators may produce most of the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00622-00138338-00138517 world's electricity within 50 years
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00623-00138518-00138697 dramatically reducing harmful greenhouse
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00624-00138698-00139030 gas emissions critics of a 100%
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00625-00139031-00139327 renewable energy approach include Vaclav
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00626-00139328-00139576 SMIL and James E Hansen smilling Hansen
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00627-00139577-00139753 are concerned about the variable output
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00628-00139754-00139963 of solar and wind power NIMBYism and a
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00629-00139964-00140164 lack of infrastructure economic analysts
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00630-00140165-00140335 expect market gains for renewable energy
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00631-00140336-00140545 and efficient energy use following the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00632-00140546-00140860 2011 Japanese nuclear accident in his
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00633-00140861-00141043 2012 State of the Union address
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00634-00141044-00141238 President Barack Obama restated his
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00635-00141239-00141397 commitment to renewable energy and
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00636-00141398-00141550 mentioned the long-standing Interior
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00637-00141551-00141751 Department commitment to permit 10,000
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00638-00141752-00141937 megawatts of renewable energy projects
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00639-00141938-00142252 on public land in 2012 globally there
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00640-00142253-00142441 are an estimated 3 million direct jobs
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00641-00142442-00142606 in renewable energy industries with
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00642-00142607-00142765 about half of them in the biofuels
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00643-00142766-00143044 industry some countries with favourable
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00644-00143045-00143236 geography geology and weather well
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00645-00143237-00143434 suited to an economical exploitation of
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00646-00143435-00143626 renewable energy sources already get
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00647-00143627-00143749 most of their electricity from
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00648-00143750-00143944 renewables including from geothermal
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00649-00143945-00144145 energy in Iceland 100 percent and
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00650-00144146-00144400 hydroelectric power in Brazil 85 percent
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00651-00144401-00144688 Austria 62 percent New Zealand 65
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00652-00144689-00145024 percent and Sweden 54 percent renewable
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00653-00145025-00145201 power generators are spread across many
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00654-00145202-00145381 countries with wind power providing a
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00655-00145382-00145579 significant share of electricity in some
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00656-00145580-00145834 regional areas for example 14 percent in
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00657-00145835-00146050 the u.s. state of Iowa 40 percent in the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00658-00146051-00146161 northern German state of
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00659-00146162-00146359 schleswig-holstein and 20 percent in
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00660-00146360-00146620 Denmark solar water heating makes an
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00661-00146621-00146794 important and growing contribution in
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00662-00146795-00146983 many countries most notably in China
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00663-00146984-00147193 which now has 70 percent of the global
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00664-00147194-00147604 total 180 G wth worldwide total
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00665-00147605-00147787 installed solar water heating systems
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00666-00147788-00147937 made a portion of the water heating
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00667-00147938-00148213 needs of over 70 million households the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00668-00148214-00148411 use of biomass for heating continues
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00669-00148412-00148633 to grow as well in Sweden national use
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00670-00148634-00148828 of biomass energy has surpassed that of
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00671-00148829-00149104 oil direct geothermal heating is also
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00672-00149105-00149341 growing rapidly renewable biofuels for
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00673-00149342-00149554 transportation such as ethanol fuel and
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00674-00149555-00149719 biodiesel have contributed to a
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00675-00149720-00149896 significant decline in oil consumption
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00676-00149897-00150274 in the United States since 2006 the 93
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00677-00150275-00150439 billion litres of biofuels produced
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00678-00150440-00150670 worldwide in 2009 displaced the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00679-00150671-00150883 equivalent of an estimated 68 billion
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00680-00150884-00151132 litres of gasoline equal to about 5% of
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00681-00151133-00151852 world gasoline production topic nuclear
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00682-00151853-00152452 power since about 2001 the term nuclear
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00683-00152453-00152731 Renaissance has been used to refer to a
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00684-00152732-00152938 possible nuclear power industry revival
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00685-00152939-00153136 driven by rising fossil fuel prices and
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00686-00153137-00153307 new concerns about meeting greenhouse
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00687-00153308-00153574 gas emission limits however in March
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00688-00153575-00153820 2011 the Fukushima nuclear disaster in
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00689-00153821-00154012 Japan and associated shutdowns at other
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00690-00154013-00154189 nuclear facilities raised questions
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00691-00154190-00154357 among some commentators over the future
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00692-00154358-00154612 of nuclear power plants has reported
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00693-00154613-00154813 that the crisis at Japan's Fukushima
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00694-00154814-00155032 nuclear plants has prompted leading
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00695-00155033-00155239 energy consuming countries to review the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00696-00155240-00155425 safety of their existing reactors and
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00697-00155426-00155614 cast doubt on the speed and scale of
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00698-00155615-00155905 planned expansions around the world the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00699-00155906-00156121 world nuclear Association has reported
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00700-00156122-00156304 that nuclear electricity generation in
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00701-00156305-00156612 2012 was at its lowest level since 1999
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00702-00156613-00156856 several previous international studies
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00703-00156857-00157030 and assessments suggested that as part
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00704-00157031-00157204 of the portfolio of other low-carbon
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00705-00157205-00157402 energy technologies nuclear power will
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00706-00157403-00157522 continue to play a role in reducing
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00707-00157523-00157807 greenhouse gas emissions historically
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00708-00157808-00158032 nuclear power usage is estimated to have
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00709-00158033-00158245 prevented the atmospheric emission of 64
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00710-00158246-00158526 Giga tons of co2 equivalent as of 2013
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00711-00158527-00158758 public concerns about nuclear power
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00712-00158759-00158932 include the fate of spent nuclear fuel
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00713-00158933-00159196 nuclear accidents security risks nuclear
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00714-00159197-00159394 proliferation and a concern that nuclear
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00715-00159395-00159646 power plants are very expensive of these
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00716-00159647-00159862 concerns nuclear accidents and disposal
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00717-00159863-00160069 of long-lived radioactive fuel waste
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00718-00160070-00160303 have probably had the greatest public
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00719-00160304-00160507 impact worldwide although generally
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00720-00160508-00160669 unaware of it both of these glaring
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00721-00160670-00160798 public concerns are greatly diminished
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00722-00160799-00161020 by present passive safety designs the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00723-00161021-00161368 experimentally proven meltdown proof EBR
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00724-00161369-00161590 to future molten salt reactors and the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00725-00161591-00161755 use of conventional and more advanced
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00726-00161756-00161797 fuel
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00727-00161798-00162051 waste pyroprocessing with the latter
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00728-00162052-00162259 recycling or reprocessing not presently
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00729-00162260-00162394 being commonplace as it is often
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00730-00162395-00162562 considered to be cheaper to use a once
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00731-00162563-00162724 through nuclear fuel cycle in many
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00732-00162725-00162886 countries depending on the varying
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00733-00162887-00163060 levels of intrinsic value given by a
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00734-00163061-00163261 society in reducing the long-lived waste
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00735-00163262-00163425 in their country with France doing a
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00736-00163426-00163618 considerable amount of reprocessing when
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00737-00163619-00163825 compared to the u.s. nuclear power with
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00738-00163826-00163999 a ten point six percent share of world
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00739-00164000-00164221 electricity production as of 2013 is
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00740-00164222-00164419 second only to hydroelectricity is the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00741-00164420-00164688 largest source of low-carbon power over
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00742-00164689-00164826 four hundred reactors generate
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00743-00164827-00165049 electricity in 31 countries the Yale
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00744-00165050-00165211 University review published in the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00745-00165212-00165421 Journal of industrial ecology analyzing
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00746-00165422-00165697 co2 lifecycle assessment LCA emissions
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00747-00165698-00165888 from nuclear power light water reactors
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00748-00165889-00166101 determined that the collective LCA
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00749-00166102-00166384 literature indicates that lifecycle GHG
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00750-00166385-00166582 emissions from nuclear power are only a
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00751-00166583-00166762 fraction of traditional fossil sources
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00752-00166763-00167102 and comparable to renewable technologies
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00753-00167103-00167335 while some have raised uncertainty
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00754-00167336-00167538 surrounding the future GHG emissions of
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00755-00167539-00167725 nuclear power as a result of an extreme
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00756-00167726-00167916 potential decline in uranium ore grade
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00757-00167917-00168087 without a corresponding increase in the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00758-00168088-00168331 efficiency of enrichment methods in a
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00759-00168332-00168508 scenario analysis of future global
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00760-00168509-00168678 nuclear development as it could be
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00761-00168679-00168883 affected by a decreasing global uranium
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00762-00168884-00169084 market of average or grade the analysis
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00763-00169085-00169249 determined that depending on conditions
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00764-00169250-00169498 median lifecycle nuclear power GHG
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00765-00169499-00169716 emissions could be between 9 and 110
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00766-00169717-00170032 grams co2 equ per kilowatt-hour by 2050
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00767-00170033-00170236 with the latter - being derived from a
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00768-00170237-00170497 worst-case scenario that is not
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00769-00170498-00170787 considered very robust by the authors of
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00770-00170788-00171054 the paper as they all grade in the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00771-00171055-00171208 scenario is lower than the uranium
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00772-00171209-00171452 concentration in many lignite coal ashes
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00773-00171453-00171712 although this future analyzes primarily
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00774-00171713-00171895 deals with extrapolations for present
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00775-00171896-00172089 generation to reactor technology the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00776-00172090-00172254 same paper also summarizes the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00777-00172255-00172539 literature on FB ARS fast breeder
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00778-00172540-00172728 reactors of which two are in operation
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00779-00172729-00172924 as of 2014 with the newest being there
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00780-00172925-00173125 being 800 for these reactors it states
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00781-00173126-00173476 that the median lifecycle GHG emissions
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00782-00173477-00173710 ah similar to all lower-than present
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00783-00173711-00173953 light water reactors LWR s and purports
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00784-00173954-00174259 to consume little or no uranium ore in
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00785-00174260-00174559 their 2014 report the IPCC comparison of
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00786-00174560-00174748 energy sources global warming potential
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00787-00174749-00174964 per unit of electricity generated which
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00788-00174965-00175168 notably included albedo effects mirror
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00789-00175169-00175348 the median emission value derived from
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00790-00175349-00175564 the warner and he TL meta-analysis for
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00791-00175565-00175735 the more common non-breeding light water
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00792-00175736-00175990 reactors a co2 equivalent value of 12
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00793-00175991-00176287 grams co2 AQ per kilowatt hour which is
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00794-00176288-00176473 the lowest global warming forcing of old
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00795-00176474-00176659 base load power sources with comparable
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00796-00176660-00176872 low carbon power base load sources such
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00797-00176873-00177061 as hydropower and biomass producing
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00798-00177062-00177199 substantially more global warming
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00799-00177200-00177595 forcing 24 and 230 grams co2 a cubed per
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00800-00177596-00177859 kilowatt hour respectively in 2014
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00801-00177860-00178024 Brookings Institution published the net
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00802-00178025-00178171 benefits of low and no carbon
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00803-00178172-00178348 electricity technologies which states
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00804-00178349-00178495 are for performing an energy and
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00805-00178496-00178690 emissions cost analysis that the net
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00806-00178691-00178912 benefits of new nuclear hydro and
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00807-00178913-00179137 natural gas combined cycle plants far
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00808-00179138-00179344 outweigh the net benefits of new wind or
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00809-00179345-00179575 solar plants with the most
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00810-00179576-00179728 cost-effective low carbon power
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00811-00179729-00179899 technology being determined to be
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00812-00179900-00180091 nuclear power during his presidential
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00813-00180092-00180349 campaign Barack Obama stated nuclear
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00814-00180350-00180583 power represents more than 70 percent of
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00815-00180584-00180883 our non carbon generated electricity it
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00816-00180884-00181048 is unlikely that we can meet our
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00817-00181049-00181258 aggressive climate goals if we eliminate
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00818-00181259-00181660 nuclear power as an option analysis in
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00819-00181661-00181840 2015 by professor and chair of
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00820-00181841-00182044 environmental sustainability Barry W
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00821-00182045-00182209 Brooke and his colleagues on the topic
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00822-00182210-00182416 of replacing fossil fuels entirely from
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00823-00182417-00182557 the electric grid of the world has
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00824-00182558-00182695 determined that at the historically
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00825-00182696-00182878 modest and proven rate at which nuclear
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00826-00182879-00183061 energy was added to and replaced fossil
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00827-00183062-00183235 fuels in France and Sweden during each
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00828-00183236-00183463 nation's building programs in the 1980s
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00829-00183464-00183643 within 10 years nuclear energy could
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00830-00183644-00183832 displace or remove fossil fuels from the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00831-00183833-00184051 electric grid completely allow Inc the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00832-00184052-00184183 world to meet the most stringent
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00833-00184184-00184519 greenhouse gas mitigation targets in the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00834-00184520-00184687 similar analysis Brook had earlier
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00835-00184688-00184900 determined that 50% of all global energy
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00836-00184901-00185095 that is not solely electricity but
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00837-00185096-00185290 transportation syn fuels etc could be
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00838-00185291-00185488 generated within approximately 30 years
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00839-00185489-00185691 if the global nuclear fission build rate
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00840-00185692-00185860 was identical to each of these nations
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00841-00185861-00186054 already proven decade I'll rates in
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00842-00186055-00186298 units of installed nameplate capacity GW
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00843-00186299-00186601 per year per unit of global GDP GW per
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00844-00186602-00186793 year dollar this is in contrast to the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00845-00186794-00186864 completely
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00846-00186865-00187065 conceptual paper studies for a 100%
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00847-00187066-00187251 renewable energy world which would
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00848-00187252-00187416 require in orders of magnitude more
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00849-00187417-00187608 costly global investment per year an
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00850-00187609-00187800 investment rate that has no historical
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00851-00187801-00187969 precedent having never been attempted
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00852-00187970-00188148 due to its prohibitive cost and with far
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00853-00188149-00188328 greater land area that would be required
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00854-00188329-00188521 to be devoted to the wind wave and solar
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00855-00188522-00188679 projects along with the inherent
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00856-00188680-00188845 assumption that humanity will use less
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00857-00188846-00189047 and not more energy in the future as
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00858-00189048-00189333 Brooke notes the principle limitations
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00859-00189334-00189525 on nuclear fission are not technical
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00860-00189526-00189753 economic or fuel related but are instead
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00861-00189754-00189984 linked to complex issues of societal
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00862-00189985-00190191 acceptance fiscal and political inertia
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00863-00190192-00190422 and inadequate critical evaluation of
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00864-00190423-00190614 the real world constraints facing the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00865-00190615-00190933 other low-carbon alternatives nuclear
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00866-00190934-00191124 power may be uncompetitive compared with
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00867-00191125-00191325 fossil fuel energy sources in countries
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00868-00191326-00191506 without a carbon tax program and in
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00869-00191507-00191695 comparison to a fossil fuel plant of the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00870-00191696-00191908 same power output nuclear power plants
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00871-00191909-00192043 take a longer amount of time to
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00872-00192044-00192288 construct tuned you first of their kind
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00873-00192289-00192532 BPR reactors under construction in
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00874-00192533-00192702 Finland and France have been delayed in
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00875-00192703-00192939 a running over budget however learning
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00876-00192940-00193191 from experience to further APR reactors
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00877-00193192-00193371 under construction in China Iran and
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00878-00193372-00193633 ahead of schedule respectively as of
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00879-00193634-00193878 2013 according to the IAEA in the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00880-00193879-00194100 European nuclear society worldwide there
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00881-00194101-00194322 were 68 civil nuclear power reactors
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00882-00194323-00194608 under construction in 15 countries China
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00883-00194609-00194847 has 29 of these nuclear power reactors
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00884-00194848-00195102 under construction as of 2013 with plans
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00885-00195103-00195291 to build many more while in the US the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00886-00195292-00195481 licenses of almost half its reactors
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00887-00195482-00195690 have been extended to 60 years and plans
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00888-00195691-00195868 to build another dozen are under serious
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00889-00195869-00196086 consideration there are also a
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00890-00196087-00196236 considerable number of new reactors
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00891-00196237-00196464 being built in South Korea India and
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00892-00196465-00196758 Russia at least 100 older and smaller
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00893-00196759-00196983 reactors will most probably be closed
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00894-00196984-00197304 over the next 10 to 15 years this is
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00895-00197305-00197484 probable only if one does not factor in
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00896-00197485-00197632 the ongoing light water reactor
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00897-00197633-00197841 sustainability program created to permit
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00898-00197842-00197985 the extension of the lifespan of the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00899-00197986-00198285 USA's 104 nuclear reactors to 60 years
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00900-00198286-00198573 the licenses of almost half of the USA's
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00901-00198574-00198765 reactors have been extended to 60 years
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00902-00198766-00199284 as of 2008 two new passive safety ap1000
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00903-00199285-00199483 reactors are as of 2013 being
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00904-00199484-00199626 constructed at Vogt all electric
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00905-00199627-00199908 generating plant public opinion about
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00906-00199909-00200082 nuclear power varies widely between
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00907-00200083-00200212 countries
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00908-00200213-00200461 poll by Gallup International 2011 assess
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00909-00200462-00200767 public opinion in 47 countries the poll
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00910-00200768-00200947 was conducted following a tsunami an
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00911-00200948-00201103 earthquake which caused an accident at
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00912-00201104-00201286 the Fukushima nuclear power plant in
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00913-00201287-00201553 Japan forty-nine percent stated that
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00914-00201554-00201736 they held favorable views about nuclear
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00915-00201737-00201934 energy while 43 percent held an
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00916-00201935-00202210 unfavorable view another global survey
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00917-00202211-00202474 by Ipsos 2011 assessed public opinion in
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00918-00202475-00202732 24 countries respondents to this survey
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00919-00202733-00202936 showed a clear preference for renewable
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00920-00202937-00203188 energy sources / : nuclear energy refer
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00921-00203189-00203485 to graph opposite hip sauce 2012 found
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00922-00203486-00203629 that solar and wind were viewed by the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00923-00203630-00203782 public as being more environmentally
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00924-00203783-00203935 friendly and more viable long-term
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00925-00203936-00204148 energy sources relative to nuclear power
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00926-00204149-00204252 and natural gas
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00927-00204253-00204487 however solar and wind were viewed as
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00928-00204488-00204673 being less reliable relative to nuclear
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00929-00204674-00204976 power and natural gas in 2012 a poll
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00930-00204977-00205207 done in the UK found that 63 percent of
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00931-00205208-00205396 those surveyed support nuclear power and
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00932-00205396-00205596 with opposition to nuclear power at 11
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00933-00205598-00205863 percent in Germany strong anti-nuclear
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00934-00205864-00206091 sentiment led to 8 of the 17 operating
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00935-00206092-00206244 reactors being permanently shut down
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00936-00206246-00206436 following the March 2011 Fukushima
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00937-00206437-00206571 nuclear disaster
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00938-00206573-00206758 nuclear fusion research in the form of
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00939-00206759-00206854 the International thermonuclear
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00940-00206855-00207189 experimental reactor is underway fusion
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00941-00207190-00207361 powered electricity generation was
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00942-00207362-00207486 initially believed to be readily
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00943-00207487-00207678 achievable as fission power had been
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00944-00207679-00207939 however the extreme requirements for
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00945-00207940-00208092 continuous reactions and plasma
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00946-00208094-00208252 containment led to projections being
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00947-00208253-00208582 extended by several decades in 2010 more
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00948-00208583-00208767 than 60 years after the first attempts
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00949-00208769-00208941 commercial power production was still
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00950-00208942-00209148 believed to be unlikely before 2050
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00951-00209148-00209386 although rather than an either/or issue
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00952-00209387-00209569 economical fusion fission hybrid
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00953-00209569-00209707 reactors could be built before any
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00954-00209708-00209836 attempt at this more demanding
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00955-00209837-00210123 commercial pure fusion reactor demo
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00956-00210125-00210667 reactor takes place
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00957-00210667-00211252 topic Coulter gas fuel switching most
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00958-00211253-00211516 mitigation proposals imply rather than
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00959-00211517-00211771 directly state an eventual reduction in
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00960-00211771-00212011 global fossil fuel production also
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00961-00212012-00212217 proposed a direct quotas on global
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00962-00212219-00212434 fossil fuel production natural gas emits
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00963-00212435-00212673 far fewer greenhouse gases ie co2 and
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00964-00212675-00212946 methane ch4 than coal when burned at
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00965-00212948-00213100 power plants but evidence has been
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00966-00213101-00213246 emerging that this benefit could be
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00967-00213248-00213448 completely negated by methane leakage at
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00968-00213448-00213619 gas drilling fields and other points in
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00969-00213619-00213901 the supply chain a study performed by
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00970-00213902-00214102 the Environmental Protection Agency EPA
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00971-00214103-00214354 and the gas Research Institute GRI
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00972-00214355-00214596 in 1997 sought to discover whether the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00973-00214598-00214753 reduction in carbon dioxide emissions
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00974-00214754-00214996 from increased natural gas predominantly
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00975-00214996-00215148 methane use would be offset by a
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00976-00215150-00215314 possible increased level of methane
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00977-00215315-00215515 emissions from sources such as leaks in
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00978-00215516-00215740 the missions the study concluded that
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00979-00215741-00215875 the reduction in emissions from
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00980-00215876-00216067 increased natural gas use outweighs the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00981-00216067-00216253 detrimental effects of increased methane
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00982-00216254-00216502 emissions more recent peer-reviewed
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00983-00216503-00216664 studies have challenged the findings of
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00984-00216665-00216811 this study with researchers from the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00985-00216812-00216960 National Oceanic and Atmospheric
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00986-00216961-00217192 Administration NOAA reconfirming
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00987-00217192-00217398 findings of high rates of methane ch4
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00988-00217400-00217786 leakage from natural gas fields a 2011
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00989-00217787-00217981 study by noted climate research
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00990-00217982-00218179 scientist Tom Wiggly found that while
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00991-00218180-00218431 carbon dioxide co2 emissions from fossil
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00992-00218432-00218619 fuel combustion may be reduced by using
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00993-00218621-00218817 natural gas rather than coal to produce
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00994-00218819-00219019 energy it also found that additional
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00995-00219019-00219244 methane ch4 from leakage adds to the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00996-00219244-00219406 radiative forcing of the climate system
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00997-00219407-00219648 offsetting the reduction in co2 forcing
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00998-00219650-00219787 that accompanies the transition from
+1rIY3-c6Sig-00999-00219788-00220057 coal to gas the study looked at methane
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01000-00220058-00220248 leakage from coal mining changes in
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01001-00220250-00220438 radiative forcing due to changes in the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01002-00220439-00220591 emissions of sulfur dioxide and
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01003-00220592-00220801 carbonaceous aerosols and differences in
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01004-00220802-00220981 the efficiency of electricity production
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01005-00220982-00221158 between coal and gas-fired power
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01006-00221159-00221455 generation on balance these factors more
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01007-00221456-00221629 than offset the reduction in warming due
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01008-00221630-00221902 to reduced co2 emissions when gas
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01009-00221903-00222061 replaces coal there is additional
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01010-00222062-00222289 warming out to 2050 with an assumed
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01011-00222290-00222655 leakage rate of 0% and out to 2,140 if
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01012-00222656-00222931 the leakage rate is as high as 10% the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01013-00222932-00223090 overall effects on global mean
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01014-00223091-00223288 temperature over the 21st century
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01015-00223289-00223669 however are small patron ed al 2013 and
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01016-00223669-00223923 Alvarez at al 2012 note that estimated
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01017-00223925-00224063 that leakage from gas in four
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01018-00224064-00224239 structure is likely to be underestimated
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01019-00224240-00224458 these studies indicate that the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01020-00224459-00224635 exploitation of natural gases are
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01021-00224636-00224992 cleaner fuel is questionable 8 2014 meta
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01022-00224994-00225164 study of 20 years of natural gas
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01023-00225165-00225341 technical literature shows that methane
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01024-00225342-00225448 emissions are consistently
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01025-00225450-00225662 underestimated but on a 100 year scale
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01026-00225663-00225866 the climate benefits of coal to gas fuel
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01027-00225867-00226009 switching are likely larger than the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01028-00226010-00226612 negative effects of natural gas leakage
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01029-00226613-00227064 topic heat pump
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01030-00227065-00227276 a heat pump is a device that provides
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01031-00227277-00227442 heat energy from a source of heat to a
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01032-00227442-00227739 destination called a heat sink heat
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01033-00227740-00227882 pumps are designed to move thermal
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01034-00227883-00228042 energy opposite to the direction of
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01035-00228042-00228242 spontaneous heat flow by absorbing heat
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01036-00228244-00228410 from a cold space and releasing it to a
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01037-00228411-00228690 warmer one a heat pump uses some amount
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01038-00228691-00228864 of external power to accomplish the work
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01039-00228865-00229014 of transferring energy from the heat
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01040-00229015-00229259 source to the heat sink while air
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01041-00229260-00229416 conditioners and freezers are familiar
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01042-00229417-00229634 examples of heat pumps the term heat
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01043-00229635-00229887 pump is more general and applies to many
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01044-00229888-00230139 HVAC heating ventilating and air
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01045-00230140-00230306 conditioning devices used for space
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01046-00230307-00230546 heating or space cooling when a heat
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01047-00230548-00230717 pump is used for heating it employs the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01048-00230719-00230960 same basic refrigeration type cycle used
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01049-00230961-00231107 by an air conditioner or a refrigerator
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01050-00231108-00231383 but in the opposite direction releasing
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01051-00231384-00231533 heat into the conditioned space rather
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01052-00231534-00231771 than the surrounding environment in this
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01053-00231771-00231959 use heat pumps generally draw heat from
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01054-00231960-00232113 the color external air or from the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01055-00232114-00232367 ground in heating mode heat pumps are
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01056-00232369-00232529 three to four times more efficient in
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01057-00232530-00232703 their use of electric power than simple
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01058-00232704-00232967 electrical resistance heaters it has
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01059-00232969-00233108 been concluded that heat pumps are the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01060-00233109-00233285 single technology that could reduce the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01061-00233286-00233459 greenhouse gas emissions of households
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01062-00233460-00233606 better than every other technology that
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01063-00233607-00233867 is available on the market with a market
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01064-00233869-00234077 share of 30% and potentially clean
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01065-00234078-00234251 electricity heat pumps could reduce
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01066-00234252-00234438 global co2 emissions by 8 percent
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01067-00234439-00234719 annually using ground source heat pumps
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01068-00234721-00234929 could reduce around 60% of the primary
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01069-00234930-00235191 energy demand and 90% of co2 emissions
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01070-00235192-00235403 in Europe in 2050 and make handling high
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01071-00235404-00235685 shares of renewable energy easier using
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01072-00235686-00235880 surplus renewable energy in heat pumps
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01073-00235881-00236003 is regarded as the most effective
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01074-00236004-00236192 household means to reduce global warming
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01075-00236194-00236372 and fossil fuel depletion with
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01076-00236373-00236555 significant amounts of fossil fuel used
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01077-00236556-00236753 in electricity production demands on the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01078-00236754-00236942 electrical grid also generate greenhouse
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01079-00236944-00237224 gases without a high share of low carbon
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01080-00237225-00237414 electricity a domestic heat pump will
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01081-00237415-00237591 produce more carbon emissions than using
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01082-00237592-00238080 natural gas
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01083-00238081-00238387 topic fossil-fuel phase-out carbon
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01084-00238388-00238908 neutral and negative fuels fossil fuel
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01085-00238909-00239082 may be phased out with carbon neutral
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01086-00239083-00239235 and carbon negative pipeline and
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01087-00239236-00239421 transportation fuels created with power
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01088-00239423-00239637 to gas and gas to liquids technologies
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01089-00239638-00239919 carbon dioxide from fossil fuel flue gas
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01090-00239921-00240084 can be used to produce plastic lumber
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01091-00240085-00240742 allowing carbon negative reforestation
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01092-00240742-00241330 topic sinks and negative emissions
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01093-00241331-00241555 a carbon sink is a natural or artificial
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01094-00241556-00241741 reservoir that accumulates and stores
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01095-00241742-00241930 some carbon containing chemical compound
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01096-00241931-00242098 for an indefinite period such as a
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01097-00242098-00242380 growing forest a negative carbon dioxide
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01098-00242381-00242506 emission on the other hand is a
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01099-00242507-00242707 permanent removal of carbon dioxide out
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01100-00242708-00242965 of the atmosphere examples are direct
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01101-00242966-00243091 air capture enhanced weathering
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01102-00243092-00243267 technology such as storing it in
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01103-00243269-00243454 geologic formations underground and by
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01104-00243455-00243694 ochre these processes are sometimes
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01105-00243694-00243871 considered as variations of sinks or
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01106-00243871-00244017 mitigation and sometimes as
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01107-00244019-00244269 geoengineering in combination with other
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01108-00244271-00244501 mitigation measures sinks in combination
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01109-00244502-00244648 with negative carbon emissions are
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01110-00244648-00244876 considered crucial for meeting the 350
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01111-00244877-00245094 ppm target the Antarctic climate and
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01112-00245096-00245308 ecosystems Cooperative Research Center a
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01113-00245309-00245551 CRC notes that one third of humankind's
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01114-00245552-00245752 annual emissions of co2 are absorbed by
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01115-00245753-00246031 the oceans however this also leads to
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01116-00246032-00246219 ocean acidification with potentially
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01117-00246221-00246414 significant impacts on marine life
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01118-00246415-00246631 acidification lowers the level of
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01119-00246632-00246832 carbonate ions available for calcifying
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01120-00246833-00247081 organisms to form their shells these
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01121-00247082-00247285 organisms include plankton species that
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01122-00247286-00247423 contribute to the foundation of the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01123-00247423-00247644 Southern Ocean food web however
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01124-00247646-00247828 acidification may impact on a broad
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01125-00247829-00247981 range of other physiological and
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01126-00247982-00248164 ecological processes such as fish
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01127-00248165-00248344 respiration larval development and
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01128-00248344-00248494 changes in the solubility of both
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01129-00248494-00249211 nutrients and toxins topic reforestation
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01130-00249212-00249931 in a forestation almost 20% HGT co2 per
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01131-00249932-00250135 years of total greenhouse gas emissions
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01132-00250136-00250462 were from deforestation in 2007 it is
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01133-00250463-00250615 estimated that avoided deforestation
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01134-00250616-00250879 reduces co2 emissions at a rate of one
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01135-00250880-00251182 tonne of co2 per $1 - 5 an opportunity
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01136-00251183-00251446 cost from lost agriculture reforest
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01137-00251446-00251605 station could save at least another one
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01138-00251606-00251884 GT co2 per years at an estimated cost of
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01139-00251885-00252325 $5 - 15 T co2 a forestation is where
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01140-00252326-00252505 there was previously no forest such
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01141-00252506-00252682 plantations are estimated to have to be
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01142-00252683-00252832 prohibitively massive to be reduce
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01143-00252833-00252940 emissions by itself
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01144-00252941-00253105 transferring rights over land from
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01145-00253106-00253240 public domain to its indigenous
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01146-00253241-00253423 inhabitants who have had a stake for
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01147-00253423-00253591 millennia in preserving the forests that
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01148-00253592-00253744 they depend on is argued to be a
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01149-00253744-00253912 cost-effective strategy to conserve
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01150-00253913-00254167 forests this includes the protection of
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01151-00254167-00254350 such rights entitled in existing laws
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01152-00254351-00254592 such as India's forest Rights Act
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01153-00254594-00254764 the transferring of such rights in China
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01154-00254765-00254982 perhaps the largest land reform in
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01155-00254983-00255148 modern times has been argued to have
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01156-00255148-00255439 increased forest cover granting title of
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01157-00255440-00255616 the land has shown to have two or three
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01158-00255617-00255798 times less clearing than even state-run
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01159-00255800-00256041 parks notably in the Brazilian Amazon
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01160-00256042-00256267 excluding humans and even evicting
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01161-00256267-00256458 inhabitants from protected areas called
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01162-00256459-00256744 fortress conservation sometimes as a
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01163-00256744-00256902 result of lobbying by environmental
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01164-00256903-00257113 groups often lead to more exploitation
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01165-00257114-00257227 of the land as the native inhabitants
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01166-00257228-00257406 then turn to work for extractive
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01167-00257407-00257571 companies to survive with increased
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01168-00257573-00257727 intensive agriculture and urbanization
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01169-00257728-00257914 there is an increase in the amount of
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01170-00257915-00258187 abandoned farmland by some estimates for
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01171-00258188-00258337 every half a hectare of original
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01172-00258338-00258555 old-growth forests cut down more than 20
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01173-00258556-00258732 hectares of new secondary forests are
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01174-00258733-00258879 growing even though they do not have the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01175-00258880-00259056 same biodiversity as the original
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01176-00259057-00259281 forests and original forests store 60%
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01177-00259282-00259441 more carbon than these new secondary
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01178-00259442-00259696 forests according to a study in science
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01179-00259696-00259896 promoting regrowth on abandoned farmland
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01180-00259898-00260492 could offset years of carbon emissions
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01181-00260494-00261151 topic avoided desertification restoring
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01182-00261152-00261369 grasslands stored co2 from the air into
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01183-00261371-00261678 plant material grazing livestock usually
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01184-00261679-00261838 not left to wander will eat the grass
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01185-00261839-00262001 and would minimize any grass growth
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01186-00262002-00262243 however grass left alone would
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01187-00262244-00262414 eventually grow to cover its own growing
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01188-00262415-00262548 buds preventing him from
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01189-00262549-00262728 photosynthesizing in the dying plant
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01190-00262729-00262990 would stay in place a method proposed to
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01191-00262991-00263200 restore grasslands uses fences with many
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01192-00263201-00263385 small paddocks and moving herds from one
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01193-00263386-00263590 paddock to another after a day or two in
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01194-00263591-00263740 order to mimic natural grazers and
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01195-00263741-00263933 allowing the grass to grow optimally
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01196-00263934-00264172 additionally when part of leaf matter is
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01197-00264173-00264325 consumed by a herding animal a
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01198-00264326-00264501 corresponding amount of rude matter is
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01199-00264502-00264681 left off - as it would not be able to
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01200-00264682-00264838 sustain the previous amount of root
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01201-00264839-00264997 matter and while most of the lost root
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01202-00264998-00265128 matter would rot and into the atmosphere
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01203-00265129-00265345 part of the carbon is sequestered into
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01204-00265346-00265612 the soil it is estimated that increasing
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01205-00265613-00265776 the carbon content of the souls in the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01206-00265777-00265977 world's 3.5 billion hectares of
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01207-00265978-00266188 agricultural grassland by 1% would
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01208-00266189-00266439 offset nearly 12 years of co2 emissions
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01209-00266440-00266689 Allan savory as part of holistic
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01210-00266690-00266869 management claims that while large herds
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01211-00266870-00266995 are often blamed for desert off'
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01212-00266996-00267196 occation prehistoric lands supported
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01213-00267197-00267381 large or larger herds and areas where
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01214-00267382-00267555 herds were removed in the United States
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01215-00267556-00267748 are still desertified additionally the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01216-00267749-00267906 global warming induced flooring of the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01217-00267907-00267957 permit
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01218-00267958-00268120 which stores about two times the amount
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01219-00268121-00268305 of the carbon currently released in the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01220-00268306-00268458 atmosphere releases the potent
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01221-00268459-00268629 greenhouse gas methane in the positive
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01222-00268630-00268840 feedback cycle that is feared to lead to
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01223-00268841-00268995 a tipping point called runaway climate
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01224-00268996-00269250 change the method proposed to prevent
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01225-00269251-00269440 such a scenario is to bring back large
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01226-00269441-00269631 herbivores such as seen in Pleistocene
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01227-00269632-00269794 Park where they're trampling naturally
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01228-00269795-00269955 keep the ground cooler by eliminating
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01229-00269956-00270145 shrubs and keeping the ground exposed to
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01230-00270146-00270841 the cold air topic carbon capture and
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01231-00270842-00271431 storage carbon capture and storage CCS
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01232-00271432-00271594 is a method to mitigate climate change
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01233-00271595-00271875 by capturing carbon dioxide co2 from
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01234-00271876-00272044 large point sources such as power plants
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01235-00272045-00272266 and subsequently storing it away safely
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01236-00272267-00272406 instead of releasing it into the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01237-00272407-00272460 atmosphere
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01238-00272461-00272754 the IPCC estimates that the cost of
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01239-00272755-00272910 holding global warming would double
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01240-00272911-00273187 without CCS the International Energy
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01241-00273188-00273483 Agency says CCS is the most important
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01242-00273484-00273822 single new technology for co2 savings in
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01243-00273823-00274047 power generation and industry though it
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01244-00274048-00274296 requires up to 40% more energy to run a
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01245-00274297-00274530 CCS coal power plant than a regular coal
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01246-00274531-00274741 plant CCS could potentially capture
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01247-00274742-00274896 about 90 percent of all the carbon
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01248-00274897-00275178 emitted by the plant Norway's sliding a
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01249-00275179-00275437 gas field beginning in 1996 stores
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01250-00275438-00275658 almost a million tons of co2 a year to
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01251-00275659-00275866 avoid penalties in producing natural gas
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01252-00275867-00276180 with unusually high levels of co2 as of
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01253-00276181-00276453 late 2011 the total planned co2 storage
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01254-00276454-00276720 capacity of all 14 projects in operation
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01255-00276721-00276943 or under construction is over 33 million
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01256-00276944-00277015 tons a year
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01257-00277016-00277270 this is broadly equivalent to preventing
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01258-00277271-00277422 the emissions from more than 6 million
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01259-00277423-00277591 cars from entering the atmosphere each
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01260-00277592-00277891 year according to a Sierra Club analysis
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01261-00277892-00278100 the u.s. coal-fired Kemper project due
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01262-00278101-00278322 to be online in 2017 is the most
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01263-00278323-00278515 expensive power plant ever built for the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01264-00278516-00279181 watts of electricity it will generate
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01265-00279182-00279610 topic enhanced weathering
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01266-00279611-00279817 enhanced weathering is the removal of
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01267-00279818-00279949 carbon from the air into the earth
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01268-00279950-00280159 enhancing the natural carbon cycle where
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01269-00280160-00280420 carbon is mineralized into rock the carb
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01270-00280421-00280615 fix project couples with carbon capture
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01271-00280616-00280783 and storage in power plants to turn
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01272-00280784-00280954 carbon dioxide into stone in a
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01273-00280955-00281104 relatively short period of two years
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01274-00281105-00281308 addressing the common concern of leakage
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01275-00281309-00281614 in CCS projects while this project used
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01276-00281615-00281809 basalt rocks olivine has also shown
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01277-00281810-00282304 promise
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01278-00282305-00282824 topic geoengineering
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01279-00282825-00283079 geo-engineering is seen by olivier sterk
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01280-00283080-00283244 as an alternative to mitigation and
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01281-00283245-00283445 adaptation but by gonna partner as an
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01282-00283446-00283601 entirely separate response to climate
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01283-00283602-00283885 change in a literature assessment Barker
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01284-00283886-00284177 at al 2007 described geoengineering as a
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01285-00284178-00284582 type of mitigation policy IPCC 2007
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01286-00284583-00284771 concluded that geoengineering options
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01287-00284772-00284975 such as ocean fertilization to remove
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01288-00284976-00285191 co2 from the atmosphere remain largely
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01289-00285192-00285452 unproven it was judged that reliable
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01290-00285453-00285632 cost estimates for geoengineering had
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01291-00285633-00285938 not yet been published chapter 28 of the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01292-00285939-00286088 National Academy of Sciences report
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01293-00286089-00286289 policy implications of greenhouse
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01294-00286290-00286508 warming mitigation adaptation and the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01295-00286509-00286796 science base 1992 defined geoengineering
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01296-00286797-00286955 us options that would involve
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01297-00286956-00287129 large-scale engineering of our
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01298-00287130-00287318 environment in order to combat or
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01299-00287319-00287504 counteract the effects of changes in
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01300-00287505-00287816 atmospheric chemistry they evaluated a
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01301-00287817-00287948 range of options to try to give
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01302-00287949-00288149 preliminary answers to two questions can
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01303-00288150-00288269 these options work and could they be
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01304-00288270-00288518 carried out with a reasonable cost they
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01305-00288519-00288701 also sought to encourage discussion of a
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01306-00288702-00288929 third question what adverse side effects
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01307-00288930-00289151 might there be the following types of
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01308-00289152-00289316 option were examined brief forestation
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01309-00289317-00289523 increasing ocean absorption of carbon
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01310-00289524-00289706 dioxide carbon sequestration and
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01311-00289707-00289973 screening out some sunlight nas also
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01312-00289974-00290198 argued engineered countermeasures need
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01313-00290199-00290372 to be evaluated but should not be
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01314-00290373-00290573 implemented without broad understanding
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01315-00290574-00290756 of the direct effects and the potential
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01316-00290757-00290975 side effects the ethical issues and the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01317-00290976-00291302 risks in july 2011 a report by the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01318-00291303-00291467 United States Government Accountability
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01319-00291468-00291689 Office on geoengineering found that see
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01320-00291690-00291875 climate engineering technologies do not
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01321-00291876-00292076 now offer a viable response to global
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01322-00292077-00292796 climate change topic carbon dioxide
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01323-00292797-00293315 removal carbon dioxide
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01324-00293316-00293482 been proposed as a method of reducing
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01325-00293483-00293642 the amount of radiative forcing a
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01326-00293643-00293873 variety of means of artificially
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01327-00293874-00294065 capturing and storing carbon as well as
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01328-00294066-00294215 of enhancing natural sequestration
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01329-00294216-00294481 processes are being explored the main
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01330-00294482-00294685 natural process is photosynthesis by
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01331-00294686-00294887 plants and single-celled organisms see
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01332-00294888-00295169 bio sequestration artificial processes
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01333-00295170-00295333 vary and concerns have been expressed
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01334-00295334-00295510 about the long term effects of some of
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01335-00295511-00295684 these processes it is notable that the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01336-00295685-00295844 availability of cheap energy and
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01337-00295845-00296021 appropriate sites for geological storage
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01338-00296022-00296225 of carbon may make carbon dioxide air
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01339-00296226-00296447 capture viable commercially it is
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01340-00296448-00296639 however generally expected that carbon
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01341-00296640-00296840 dioxide air capture may be an economic
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01342-00296841-00296983 when compared to carbon capture and
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01343-00296984-00297218 storage from major sources in particular
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01344-00297219-00297425 fossil fuel powered power stations
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01345-00297426-00297706 refineries etc as in the case of the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01346-00297707-00297875 u.s. kemper project with carbon capture
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01347-00297876-00298064 costs of energy produced will grow
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01348-00298065-00298381 significantly however captured co2 can
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01349-00298382-00298544 be used to force more crude oil out of
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01350-00298545-00298739 oil fields as Statoil and shell have
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01351-00298740-00299075 made plans to do co2 can also be used in
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01352-00299076-00299225 commercial greenhouses giving an
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01353-00299226-00299406 opportunity to kick-start the technology
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01354-00299407-00299627 some attempts have been made to use
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01355-00299628-00299806 algae to capture smokestack emissions
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01356-00299807-00299983 notably the green fuel technologies
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01357-00299984-00300140 corporation who have now shut down
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01358-00300141-00300893 operations topic solar radiation
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01359-00300894-00301367 management the main purpose of solar
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01360-00301368-00301426 radiation
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01361-00301427-00301579 management's seek to reflect sunlight
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01362-00301580-00301828 and thus reduce global warming the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01363-00301829-00301993 ability of stratospheric sulfate
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01364-00301994-00302155 aerosols to create a global dimming
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01365-00302156-00302296 effect has made them a possible
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01366-00302297-00302446 candidate for use in climate engineering
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01367-00302447-00302982 projects
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01368-00302983-00303745 topic non co2 greenhouse gases co2 is
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01369-00303746-00303982 not the only GHG relevant to mitigation
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01370-00303983-00304156 and governments have acted to regulate
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01371-00304157-00304357 the emissions of other GHGs emitted by
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01372-00304358-00304600 human activities and ferpa genic ghgs
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01373-00304601-00304855 the emissions caps agreed to by most
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01374-00304856-00304996 developed countries under the Kyoto
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01375-00304997-00305197 Protocol regulate the emissions of
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01376-00305198-00305545 almost all the anthropogenic GHG s these
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01377-00305546-00305896 gases are co2 methane ch4 nitrous oxide
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01378-00305897-00306340 n2o the hydrofluorocarbons HFCS PFC and
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01379-00306341-00306724 sulfur hexafluoride sf6 stabilizing the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01380-00306725-00306883 atmospheric concentrations of the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01381-00306884-00307099 different anthropogenic GHG s requires
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01382-00307100-00307249 an understanding of their different
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01383-00307250-00307513 physical properties stabilization
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01384-00307514-00307735 depends both on how quickly GHGs are
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01385-00307736-00307891 added to the atmosphere and how fast
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01386-00307892-00308149 they are removed the rate of removal is
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01387-00308150-00308338 measured by the atmospheric lifetime of
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01388-00308339-00308590 the GHG in question see the main GHG
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01389-00308591-00308854 article for a list here if the lifetime
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01390-00308855-00309028 is defined as the time required for a
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01391-00309029-00309232 given perturbation of the GHG in the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01392-00309233-00309481 atmosphere to be reduced to 37% of its
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01393-00309482-00309772 initial amount methane has a relatively
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01394-00309773-00309991 short atmospheric lifetime of about 12
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01395-00309992-00310204 years while in two OHS lifetime is about
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01396-00310205-00310549 110 years for methane a reduction of
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01397-00310550-00310786 about 30% below current emission levels
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01398-00310787-00310963 would lead to a stabilization in its
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01399-00310964-00311158 atmospheric concentration while fer in
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01400-00311159-00311344 2o and the missions reduction of more
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01401-00311345-00311521 than 50% would be required
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01402-00311522-00311707 methane is a significantly more potent
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01403-00311708-00311911 greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide in
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01404-00311912-00312037 the amount of heat it can trap
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01405-00312038-00312316 especially in the short term burning one
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01406-00312317-00312493 molecule of methane generates one
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01407-00312494-00312718 molecule of carbon dioxide indicating
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01408-00312719-00312910 there may be no net benefit in using gas
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01409-00312911-00313177 as a fuel source reducing the amount of
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01410-00313178-00313333 waste methane produced in the first
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01411-00313334-00313531 place in moving away from use of gas as
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01412-00313532-00313669 a fuel source will have a greater
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01413-00313670-00313840 beneficial impact as might other
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01414-00313841-00313975 approaches to productive use of
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01415-00313976-00314257 otherwise wasted methane in terms of
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01416-00314258-00314425 prevention vaccines are being developed
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01417-00314426-00314626 in Australia to reduce the significant
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01418-00314627-00314776 global warming contributions from
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01419-00314777-00314956 methane released by livestock via
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01420-00314957-00315136 flatulence in a rotation another
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01421-00315137-00315295 physical property of the anthropogenic
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01422-00315296-00315529 GHG s relevant to mitigation is the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01423-00315530-00315706 different abilities of the gases to trap
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01424-00315707-00315903 heat in the form of infrared radiation
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01425-00315904-00316129 some gases are more effective at
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01426-00316130-00316279 trapping heat than others
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01427-00316280-00316630 sf6 is 22,200 times more effective at
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01428-00316631-00316923 GHG than co2 on a per kilogram basis a
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01429-00316924-00317161 measure for this physical property is
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01430-00317162-00317416 the global warming potential GWP and is
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01431-00317417-00317617 used in the Kyoto Protocol although not
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01432-00317618-00317794 designed for this purpose the Montreal
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01433-00317795-00318010 Protocol has probably benefitted climate
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01434-00318011-00318295 change mitigation efforts the Montreal
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01435-00318296-00318475 Protocol is an international treaty that
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01436-00318476-00318655 has successfully reduced emissions of
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01437-00318656-00318868 ozone depleting substances for example
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01438-00318869-00319582 CFCs which are also greenhouse gases
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01439-00319583-00320240 topic by sector topic transport
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01440-00320241-00320408 transportation emissions account for
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01441-00320409-00320540 roughly one-quarter of emissions
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01442-00320541-00320741 worldwide and are even more important in
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01443-00320742-00320915 terms of impact in developed nations
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01444-00320916-00321071 especially in North America and
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01445-00321072-00321329 Australia many citizens of countries
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01446-00321330-00321506 like the United States and Canada who
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01447-00321507-00321698 drive personal cars often see well over
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01448-00321699-00321884 half of their climate change impacts
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01449-00321885-00322019 stemming from the emissions produced
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01450-00322020-00322226 from their cars modes of mass
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01451-00322227-00322391 transportation such as bus light rail
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01452-00322392-00322682 Metro subway etc and long distance rail
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01453-00322683-00322841 are far and away the most energy
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01454-00322842-00322970 efficient means of motorized
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01455-00322971-00323159 transportation for passengers able to
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01456-00323160-00323378 use in many cases over 20 times less
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01457-00323379-00323543 energy per person distance than a
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01458-00323544-00323744 personal automobile modern
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01459-00323745-00323933 energy-efficient technologies such as
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01460-00323934-00324122 plug-in hybrid electric vehicles and
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01461-00324123-00324299 carbon neutral synthetic gasoline and
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01462-00324300-00324485 jet fuel may also help to reduce the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01463-00324486-00324653 consumption of petroleum land-use
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01464-00324654-00324800 changes in their missions of carbon
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01465-00324801-00325070 dioxide utilizing rail transport
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01466-00325071-00325268 especially electric rail over the far
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01467-00325269-00325445 less efficient air transport and truck
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01468-00325446-00325610 transport significantly reduces
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01469-00325611-00325838 emissions with the use of electric
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01470-00325839-00326018 trains and cars in transportation there
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01471-00326019-00326165 is the opportunity to run and with
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01472-00326166-00326369 low-carbon power producing far fewer
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01473-00326370-00327476 emissions topic urban planning effective
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01474-00327477-00327662 urban planning to reduce sprawl aims to
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01475-00327663-00327845 decrease vehicle miles traveled VMT
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01476-00327846-00328081 lowering emissions from transportation
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01477-00328082-00328298 personal cars are extremely inefficient
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01478-00328299-00328487 at moving passengers while public
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01479-00328488-00328667 transport and bicycles are many times
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01480-00328668-00328850 more efficient as is the simplest form
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01481-00328851-00329132 of human transportation walking all of
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01482-00329133-00329321 these are encouraged by urban community
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01483-00329322-00329456 planning and are an effective way to
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01484-00329457-00329714 reduce greenhouse gas emissions between
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01485-00329715-00330041 1982 and 1997 the amount of land
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01486-00330042-00330215 consumed for urban development in the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01487-00330216-00330491 United States increased by 47% while the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01488-00330492-00330863 nation's population grew by only 17% in
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01489-00330864-00331070 efficient land-use development practices
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01490-00331071-00331241 have increased infrastructure costs as
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01491-00331242-00331406 well as the amount of energy needed for
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01492-00331407-00331616 transportation community services and
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01493-00331617-00331937 buildings at the same time a growing
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01494-00331938-00332078 number of citizens and government
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01495-00332079-00332234 officials have begun advocating a
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01496-00332235-00332398 smarter approach to land-use planning
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01497-00332399-00332657 these Smart Growth practices include
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01498-00332658-00332849 compact Community Development more
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01499-00332850-00333041 simple transportation choices mixed land
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01500-00333042-00333230 users and practices to conserve green
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01501-00333231-00333524 space these programs offer environmental
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01502-00333525-00333707 economic and quality of life benefits
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01503-00333708-00333896 and they also serve to reduce energy
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01504-00333897-00334147 usage and greenhouse gas emissions
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01505-00334148-00334379 approaches such as New Urbanism and
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01506-00334380-00334553 transit oriented development seek to
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01507-00334554-00334748 reduce distances traveled especially by
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01508-00334749-00334913 private vehicles encourage public
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01509-00334914-00335078 transit and make walking and cycling
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01510-00335079-00335327 more attractive options this is achieved
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01511-00335328-00335579 through medium density mixed-use
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01512-00335580-00335765 planning in the concentration of housing
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01513-00335766-00335942 within walking distance of town centers
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01514-00335943-00336212 and transport nodes smarter growth
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01515-00336213-00336425 land-use policies have both a direct and
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01516-00336426-00336602 indirect effect on energy consuming
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01517-00336603-00336887 behavior for example transportation
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01518-00336888-00337073 energy usage the number-one user of
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01519-00337074-00337271 petroleum fuels could be significantly
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01520-00337272-00337460 reduced to a more compact and mixed-use
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01521-00337461-00337640 land development patterns which in turn
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01522-00337641-00337820 could be served by a greater variety of
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01523-00337821-00337976 non-automotive based transportation
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01524-00337977-00338960 choices topic building design
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01525-00338961-00339197 emissions from housing a substantial and
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01526-00339198-00339383 government supported energy efficiency
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01527-00339384-00339548 programs can make a difference for
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01528-00339549-00339701 institutions of higher learning in the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01529-00339702-00339902 United States greenhouse gas emissions
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01530-00339903-00340079 depend primarily on total area at
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01531-00340080-00340313 buildings and secondarily on climate if
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01532-00340314-00340541 climate is not taken into account annual
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01533-00340542-00340727 greenhouse gas emissions due to energy
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01534-00340728-00340910 consumed on campuses Plus purchased
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01535-00340911-00341081 electricity can be estimated with the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01536-00341082-00341345 formula e equals ASB where equals zero
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01537-00341346-00341564 point zero zero one six to one metric
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01538-00341565-00341780 tons of co2 equivalent square foot or
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01539-00341781-00342080 zero co2 for one metric tons of co2
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01540-00342081-00342389 equivalent per square meter and B equals
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01541-00342390-00342578 one point one three five four new
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01542-00342579-00342701 buildings can be constructed using
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01543-00342702-00342923 passive solar building design low-energy
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01544-00342924-00343103 building or zero energy building
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01545-00343104-00343321 techniques using renewable heat sources
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01546-00343322-00343529 existing buildings can be made more
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01547-00343530-00343682 efficient through the use of insulation
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01548-00343683-00343904 high efficiency appliances particularly
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01549-00343905-00344105 hot water heaters and furnaces double or
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01550-00344106-00344261 triple glazed gas filled windows
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01551-00344262-00344450 external window shades and building
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01552-00344451-00344711 orientation and citing renewable heat
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01553-00344712-00344900 sources such as shallow geothermal and
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01554-00344901-00345080 passive solar energy reduced the amount
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01555-00345081-00345335 of greenhouse gases emitted in addition
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01556-00345336-00345476 to designing buildings which are more
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01557-00345477-00345668 energy efficient to heat it is possible
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01558-00345669-00345800 to design buildings that are more energy
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01559-00345801-00345983 efficient to cool by using lighter
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01560-00345984-00346178 colored more reflective materials in the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01561-00346179-00346367 development of urban areas eg by
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01562-00346368-00346547 painting roofs white and planting trees
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01563-00346548-00346781 this saves energy because it cools
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01564-00346782-00346937 buildings and reduces the urban heat
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01565-00346938-00347111 island effect thus reducing the use of
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01566-00347112-00347346 air conditioning
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01567-00347347-00347725 equals
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01568-00347726-00348494 topic agriculture equals according to
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01569-00348495-00348709 the EPA agricultural soil management
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01570-00348710-00348863 practices can lead to production and
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01571-00348864-00349094 emission of nitrous oxide n2o a major
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01572-00349095-00349276 greenhouse gas and air pollutant
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01573-00349277-00349514 activities that can contribute to n to
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01574-00349515-00349694 our emissions include fertilizer usage
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01575-00349695-00349997 irrigation and tillage the management of
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01576-00349998-00350150 soils accounts for over half of the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01577-00350151-00350314 emissions from the agriculture sector
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01578-00350315-00350533 cattle live stocks account for one third
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01579-00350534-00350737 of emissions through methane emissions
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01580-00350738-00350954 manure management and rice cultivation
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01581-00350955-00351205 also produced gaseous emissions methods
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01582-00351206-00351362 that significantly enhance carbon
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01583-00351363-00351559 sequestration in soil include no-till
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01584-00351560-00351752 farming residue mulching cover cropping
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01585-00351753-00351950 and crop rotation all of which are more
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01586-00351951-00352127 widely used in organic farming than in
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01587-00352128-00352373 conventional farming because only five
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01588-00352374-00352577 percent of US farmland currently uses
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01589-00352578-00352748 no-till and residue mulching there is a
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01590-00352749-00352898 large potential for carbon sequestration
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01591-00352899-00353168 a 2015 study found that farming can
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01592-00353169-00353339 deplete soil carbon and render soil
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01593-00353340-00353564 incapable of supporting life however the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01594-00353565-00353717 study also showed that conservation
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01595-00353718-00353924 farming can protect carbon in soils and
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01596-00353925-00354119 repair damage over time the farming
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01597-00354120-00354256 practice of cover crops has been
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01598-00354257-00354437 recognized as climate smart agriculture
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01599-00354438-00354599 by the white house in Europe the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01600-00354600-00354770 estimation of the current 0 to 30
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01601-00354771-00354950 centimeters sock stock of agricultural
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01602-00354951-00355253 soils was 17 point 6 3 GT in a
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01603-00355254-00355454 subsequent study authors estimated the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01604-00355455-00355628 best management practices to mitigate
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01605-00355629-00355853 soil organic carbon conversion of arable
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01606-00355854-00356069 land to grassland and vice versa straw
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01607-00356070-00356270 incorporation reduced tillage straw
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01608-00356271-00356438 incorporation combined with reduced
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01609-00356439-00356608 tillage blade cropping system and cover
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01610-00356609-00357169 crops equals
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01611-00357170-00357976 topic societal controls equals another
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01612-00357977-00358159 method being examined is to make carbon
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01613-00358160-00358357 a new currency by introducing tradable
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01614-00358358-00358664 personal carbon credits the idea being
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01615-00358665-00358753 it will encourage and motivate
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01616-00358754-00358940 individuals to reduce their carbon
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01617-00358941-00359162 footprint by the way they live each
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01618-00359163-00359353 citizen will receive a free annual quota
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01619-00359354-00359506 of carbon that they can use to travel
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01620-00359507-00359779 buy food and go about their business it
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01621-00359780-00359950 has been suggested that by using this
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01622-00359951-00360113 concept it could actually solve two
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01623-00360114-00360304 problems pollution and poverty old-age
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01624-00360305-00360467 pensioners will actually be better off
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01625-00360468-00360647 because they fly less often so they can
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01626-00360648-00360788 cash in their quota at the end of the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01627-00360789-00361080 year to pay heating bills and so forth
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01628-00361081-00361473 equals
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01629-00361474-00362221 topic population equals various
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01630-00362222-00362446 organizations promote population control
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01631-00362447-00362658 as a means for mitigating global warming
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01632-00362659-00362878 proposed measures include improving
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01633-00362879-00363028 access to family planning and
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01634-00363029-00363187 reproductive health care and information
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01635-00363188-00363412 reducing nei ballistic politics public
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01636-00363413-00363598 education about the consequences of
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01637-00363599-00363766 continued population growth and
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01638-00363767-00363979 improving access of women to education
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01639-00363980-00364276 and economic opportunities according to
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01640-00364277-00364534 a 2017 study published in Environmental
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01641-00364535-00364726 Research Letters having one less child
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01642-00364727-00364831 would have a much more substantial
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01643-00364832-00365038 effect on greenhouse gas emissions
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01644-00365039-00365206 compared with for example living car
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01645-00365207-00365356 free or eating a plant-based diet
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01646-00365357-00365587 population control efforts are impeded
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01647-00365588-00365749 by their being somewhat of a taboo in
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01648-00365750-00365914 some countries against considering any
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01649-00365915-00366196 such efforts also various religions
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01650-00366197-00366391 discourage or prohibit some or all forms
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01651-00366392-00366697 of birth control population size has a
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01652-00366698-00366865 different per capita effect on global
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01653-00366866-00367054 warming in different countries since the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01654-00367055-00367216 per capita production of anthropogenic
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01655-00367217-00367414 greenhouse gases varies greatly by
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01656-00367415-00367931 country
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01657-00367932-00368793 topic costs and benefits
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01658-00368794-00369256 topic costs
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01659-00369257-00369491 the stone review proposes stabilizing
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01660-00369492-00369643 the concentration of greenhouse gas
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01661-00369644-00369823 emissions in the atmosphere at a maximum
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01662-00369824-00370069 of five hundred and 50 ppm co2 II by
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01663-00370070-00370342 2050 the review estimates that this
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01664-00370343-00370507 would mean cutting total greenhouse gas
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01665-00370508-00370735 emissions to three-quarters of 2007
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01666-00370736-00370981 levels the review further estimates that
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01667-00370982-00371128 the cost of these cuts would be in the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01668-00371129-00371374 range minus 1.0 to plus three point five
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01669-00371375-00371674 percent of world GDP ieg WP with an
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01670-00371675-00371837 average estimate of approximately one
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01671-00371838-00372085 percent stone has since revised his
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01672-00372086-00372376 estimate to two percent of GWP for
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01673-00372377-00372641 comparison the gross world product GWP
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01674-00372642-00372868 at PPP was estimated at seventy four
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01675-00372869-00373084 point five trillion dollars in 2010 thus
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01676-00373085-00373262 two percent is approximately one point
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01677-00373263-00373480 five trillion dollars the review
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01678-00373481-00373618 emphasizes that these costs are
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01679-00373619-00373787 contingent on steady reductions in the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01680-00373788-00373980 cost of low-carbon technologies
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01681-00373981-00374189 mitigation costs will also vary
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01682-00374190-00374350 according to how and when emissions are
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01683-00374351-00374516 cut early well-planned action will
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01684-00374517-00374674 minimize the costs one way of estimating
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01685-00374675-00374872 the cost of reducing emissions is by
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01686-00374873-00375065 considering the likely cost of potential
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01687-00375066-00375279 technological and output changes
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01688-00375280-00375488 policymakers can compare the marginal
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01689-00375489-00375646 abatement costs of different methods to
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01690-00375647-00375812 assess the cost and amount of possible
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01691-00375813-00376048 abatement over time the marginal
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01692-00376049-00376216 abatement cost of the various measures
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01693-00376217-00376405 will differ by country by sector and
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01694-00376406-00376920 over time
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01695-00376921-00377700 topic benefits yo hey al 2007 assess the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01696-00377701-00377869 literature on sustainability and climate
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01697-00377870-00378115 change with high confidence they
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01698-00378116-00378319 suggested that up to the year 2050 an
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01699-00378320-00378525 effort to cap greenhouse gas GHG
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01700-00378526-00378810 emissions at 550 ppm would benefit
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01701-00378811-00379056 developing countries significantly this
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01702-00379057-00379216 was judged to be especially the case
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01703-00379217-00379404 when combined with enhanced adaptation
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01704-00379405-00379758 by 2100 however he was still judged
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01705-00379759-00379918 likely that there would be significant
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01706-00379919-00380049 effects of global warming
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01707-00380050-00380290 this was judged to be the case even with
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01708-00380291-00380464 aggressive mitigation and significantly
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01709-00380465-00381056 enhanced adaptive capacity
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01710-00381057-00381539 topic sharing
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01711-00381540-00381764 one of the aspects of mitigation is how
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01712-00381765-00381904 to share the costs and benefits of
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01713-00381905-00382139 mitigation policies there is no
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01714-00382140-00382327 scientific consensus over how to share
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01715-00382328-00382445 these costs and benefits
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01716-00382446-00382787 Tophet al 2001 in terms of the politics
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01717-00382788-00383039 of mitigation the UNFCCC zalta mat
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01718-00383040-00383233 objective is to stabilize concentrations
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01719-00383234-00383434 of GHG in the atmosphere at a level that
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01720-00383435-00383714 would prevent dangerous climate change
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01721-00383715-00384041 Ragna EDL 2007 GHG emissions are an
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01722-00384042-00384226 important correlative wealth at least at
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01723-00384227-00384646 present failure at al 1996 PP 91 292
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01724-00384647-00384898 wealth as measured by per capita income
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01725-00384899-00385159 ie income per head of population varies
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01726-00385160-00385356 widely between different countries
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01727-00385357-00385552 activities of the poor that involve
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01728-00385553-00385772 emissions of GHGs are often associated
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01729-00385773-00385973 with basic needs such as heating to stay
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01730-00385974-00386227 tolerably warm in richer countries
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01731-00386228-00386396 emissions tend to be associated with
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01732-00386397-00386495 things like cars
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01733-00386496-00386776 central heating etc the impacts of
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01734-00386777-00386926 cutting emissions could therefore have
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01735-00386927-00387103 different impacts on human welfare
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01736-00387104-00387808 according to wealth topic distributing
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01737-00387809-00388246 emissions abatement costs
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01738-00388247-00388407 there have been different proposals on
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01739-00388408-00388573 how to allocate responsibility for
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01740-00388574-00388894 cutting emissions battery at al 1996 PP
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01741-00388895-00389358 103 to 105 egalitarian ISM this system
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01742-00389359-00389524 interprets the problem is one where each
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01743-00389525-00389701 person has equal rights to a global
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01744-00389702-00389937 resource ie polluting the atmosphere
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01745-00389938-00390145 basic needs this system would have
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01746-00390146-00390333 emissions allocated according to basic
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01747-00390334-00390510 needs as defined according to a minimum
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01748-00390511-00390756 level of consumption consumption above
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01749-00390757-00390940 basic needs would require countries to
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01750-00390941-00391162 buy more emission rights from this
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01751-00391163-00391330 viewpoint developing countries would
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01752-00391331-00391480 need to be at least as well-off under an
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01753-00391481-00391645 emissions control regime as they would
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01754-00391646-00391951 be outside the regime proportionality in
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01755-00391952-00392157 polluter pays principle proportionality
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01756-00392158-00392323 reflects the ancient Aristotelian
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01757-00392324-00392481 principle that people should receive in
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01758-00392482-00392650 proportion to what they put in and pay
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01759-00392651-00392812 in proportion to the damages they caused
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01760-00392813-00393081 this has a potential relationship with e
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01761-00393082-00393313 polluter pays principle which can be
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01762-00393314-00393525 interpreted in a number of ways
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01763-00393526-00393775 historical responsibilities this asserts
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01764-00393776-00393928 that allocation of emission rights
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01765-00393929-00394078 should be based on patterns of past
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01766-00394079-00394324 emissions two thirds of the stock of
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01767-00394325-00394557 GHGs in the atmosphere at present is due
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01768-00394558-00394707 to the past actions of developed
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01769-00394708-00395142 countries Goldenberg at al 1996 P 29
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01770-00395143-00395368 comparable burdens and ability to pay
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01771-00395369-00395530 with this approach countries would
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01772-00395531-00395692 reduce emissions based on comparable
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01773-00395693-00395878 burdens in their ability to take on the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01774-00395879-00396151 cost of reduction ways to assess burdens
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01775-00396152-00396313 include monetary cost per head of
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01776-00396314-00396538 population as well as other more complex
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01777-00396539-00396732 measures like the und Peace Human
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01778-00396733-00397015 Development Index willingness to pay
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01779-00397016-00397192 with this approach countries take on
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01780-00397193-00397339 emission reductions based on their
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01781-00397340-00397509 ability to pay along with how much they
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01782-00397510-00398105 benefit from reducing their emissions
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01783-00398106-00398630 topic specific proposals
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01784-00398631-00399026 adhoc lash off 1992 incline 1992
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01785-00399027-00399425 referred to by binary @ al 1996 P 106
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01786-00399426-00399623 for example suggested that allocations
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01787-00399624-00399824 based partly on GNP could be a way of
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01788-00399825-00399950 sharing the burdens of emission
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01789-00399951-00400196 reductions this is because GNP and
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01790-00400197-00400403 economic activity are partially tied to
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01791-00400404-00400658 carbon emissions equal per-capita
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01792-00400659-00400835 entitlements this is the most widely
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01793-00400836-00401027 cited method of distributing abatement
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01794-00401028-00401187 costs and is derived from a Gallet
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01795-00401188-00401688 Arianism binary at al 1996 PP 106 to 107
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01796-00401689-00401924 this approach can be divided into two
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01797-00401925-00402098 categories in the first category
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01798-00402099-00402293 emissions are allocated according to
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01799-00402294-00402527 national population in the second
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01800-00402528-00402710 category emissions are allocated in a
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01801-00402711-00402830 way that attempts to account for
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01802-00402831-00403142 historical cumulative emissions status
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01803-00403143-00403322 quo with this approach historical
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01804-00403323-00403469 emissions are ignored and current
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01805-00403470-00403640 emission levels are taken as a status
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01806-00403641-00403948 quo right to emit binary at al 1996 P
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01807-00403949-00404279 107 an analogy for this approach can be
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01808-00404280-00404441 made with fisheries which is a common
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01809-00404442-00404688 limited resource the analogy would be
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01810-00404689-00404852 with the atmosphere which can be viewed
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01811-00404853-00405002 as an exhaustible natural resource
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01812-00405003-00405392 Goldenberg at al 1996 P 27 in
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01813-00405393-00405608 international law one state recognised
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01814-00405609-00405749 the long-established use of another
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01815-00405750-00406001 state's use of the fisheries resource it
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01816-00406002-00406184 was also recognized by the state that
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01817-00406185-00406340 part of the other state's economy was
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01818-00406341-00407042 dependent on that resource topic
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01819-00407043-00407180 governmental and intergovernmental
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01820-00407181-00407789 action many countries both developing
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01821-00407790-00407954 and developed I need to use cleaner
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01822-00407955-00408419 technologies World Bank 2010 P 192 use
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01823-00408420-00408617 of these technologies AIDS mitigation
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01824-00408618-00408710 and could result in substantial
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01825-00408711-00409049 reductions in co2 emissions policies
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01826-00409050-00409239 include targets for emissions reductions
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01827-00409240-00409415 increased use of renewable energy and
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01828-00409416-00409691 increased energy efficiency it is often
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01829-00409692-00409841 argued that the results of climate
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01830-00409842-00409997 change are more damaging in poorer
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01831-00409998-00410172 nations where infrastructures are weak
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01832-00410172-00410429 and few social services exist the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01833-00410430-00410612 commitment to development index is one
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01834-00410613-00410807 attempt to analyze rich country policies
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01835-00410808-00410991 taken to reduce their disproportionate
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01836-00410992-00411254 use of the global Commons countries do
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01837-00411255-00411422 well if their greenhouse gas emissions
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01838-00411423-00411597 are falling if their gas taxes are high
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01839-00411597-00411776 if they do not subsidize the fishing
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01840-00411777-00411966 industry if they have a low fossil fuel
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01841-00411967-00412014 rate
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01842-00412014-00412191 capita and if they control imports of
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01843-00412192-00412782 illegally cut tropical timber
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01844-00412783-00413434 topic Kyoto Protocol the main current
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01845-00413435-00413609 international agreement on combating
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01846-00413610-00413824 climate change is the Kyoto Protocol on
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01847-00413825-00414128 the 11th of December 1997 it was
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01848-00414129-00414299 implemented by the 3rd Conference of
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01849-00414300-00414467 parties which was coming together in
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01850-00414468-00414692 Kyoto which came into force on the 16th
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01851-00414693-00415055 of February 2005 the Kyoto Protocol is
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01852-00415056-00415193 an amendment to the United Nations
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01853-00415193-00415372 Framework Convention on Climate Change
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01854-00415373-00415753 UNFCCC countries that have ratified this
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01855-00415754-00415930 protocol have committed to reduce their
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01856-00415931-00416143 emissions of carbon dioxide and 5 other
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01857-00416145-00416314 greenhouse gases or engaging the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01858-00416316-00416482 missions trading if they maintain or
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01859-00416483-00416728 increase emissions of these gases 4
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01860-00416729-00416932 Chiodo reporting governments are obliged
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01861-00416933-00417089 to be told on the present state of the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01862-00417089-00417278 country's forests in the related ongoing
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01863-00417279-00417789 processes
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01864-00417789-00418320 topic temperature targets
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01865-00418321-00418539 actions to mitigate climate changes
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01866-00418539-00418680 sometimes based on the goal of achieving
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01867-00418681-00418943 a particular temperature target one of
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01868-00418945-00419112 the targets that has been suggested is
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01869-00419113-00419268 to limit the future increase in global
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01870-00419268-00419463 mean temperature global warming to below
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01871-00419464-00419658 two degrees Celsius relative to the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01872-00419659-00419892 pre-industrial level the two degrees
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01873-00419893-00420114 Celsius target was adopted in 2010 by
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01874-00420114-00420285 parties to the United Nations Framework
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01875-00420285-00420549 Convention on Climate Change most
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01876-00420550-00420693 countries of the world are parties to
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01877-00420693-00421020 the UNFCCC the target had been adopted
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01878-00421021-00421352 in 1996 by the European Union Council
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01879-00421353-00421589 feasibility of 2 degrees C temperatures
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01880-00421591-00421830 have increased by 0.8 degrees Celsius
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01881-00421831-00422013 compared to the pre-industrial level and
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01882-00422014-00422331 another 0.5 to 0.7 degrees Celsius is
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01883-00422332-00422562 already committed the 2 degrees Celsius
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01884-00422563-00422796 rise is typically associated in climate
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01885-00422797-00422993 models with a carbon dioxide equivalent
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01886-00422995-00423255 concentration of 400 to 500 ppm by
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01887-00423256-00423300 volume
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01888-00423301-00423570 the current January 2015 level of carbon
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01889-00423571-00423831 dioxide alone is 400 ppm by volume and
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01890-00423832-00424160 rising at 1 to 3 ppm annually hence to
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01891-00424162-00424329 avoid a very likely breach of the 2
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01892-00424330-00424560 degrees Celsius target co2 levels would
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01893-00424560-00424749 have to be stabilized very soon this is
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01894-00424750-00424953 generally regarded as unlikely based on
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01895-00424954-00425199 current programs in place to date the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01896-00425200-00425370 importance of change is illustrated by
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01897-00425371-00425538 the fact that world economic energy
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01898-00425539-00425730 efficiency is improving at only half the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01899-00425731-00426021 rate of world economic growth using the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01900-00426022-00426180 literature there is disagreement among
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01901-00426181-00426339 experts over whether or not the 2
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01902-00426339-00426593 degrees Celsius target can be met for
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01903-00426595-00426774 example according to Anderson in Bo's
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01904-00426775-00427068 2011 there is little to no chance of
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01905-00427068-00427272 meeting the target on the other hand
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01906-00427272-00427583 according to Al Comeau at al 2013
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01907-00427584-00427809 policies adopted by parties to the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01908-00427810-00428114 UNFCCC a 2-week to meet a2 or 1.5
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01909-00428116-00428412 degrees Celsius target however these
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01910-00428413-00428583 targets might still be achievable if
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01911-00428584-00428766 more stringent mitigation policies are
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01912-00428767-00429063 adopted immediately cost effective 2
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01913-00429064-00429293 degrees Celsius scenarios project annual
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01914-00429295-00429464 global greenhouse gas emissions to peak
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01915-00429466-00429696 before the year 2020 with deep cutting
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01916-00429697-00429843 emissions thereafter leading to a
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01917-00429843-00430125 reduction in 2050 or 41% compared to
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01918-00430126-00430368 1990 levels discussion on other targets
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01919-00430368-00430521 scientific analysis can provide
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01920-00430522-00430683 information on the impacts of climate
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01921-00430684-00430902 change in Associated policies such as
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01922-00430903-00431256 reducing GHG emissions however deciding
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01923-00431257-00431433 what policies are best requires value
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01924-00431434-00431649 judgments for example limiting global
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01925-00431650-00431700 warm
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01926-00431701-00431877 to one degree Celsius relative to
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01927-00431878-00432072 pre-industrial levels may help to reduce
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01928-00432072-00432252 climate change damages more than a two
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01929-00432253-00432552 degrees Celsius limit however a 1 degree
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01930-00432553-00432731 Celsius limit may be more costly to
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01931-00432732-00432912 achieve than a 2 degrees Celsius limit
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01932-00432913-00433106 according to some analysts the 2 degrees
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01933-00433107-00433379 Celsius guardrail is inadequate for the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01934-00433380-00433514 needed degree in timeliness of
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01935-00433515-00433731 mitigation on the other hand some
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01936-00433732-00433908 economic studies suggest more modest
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01937-00433909-00434175 mitigation policies for example the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01938-00434176-00434322 emissions reductions proposed by
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01939-00434322-00434516 Nordhaus 2010 might lead to global
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01940-00434517-00434816 warming in the year 2100 of around 3
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01941-00434817-00434960 degrees Celsius relative to
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01942-00434961-00435258 pre-industrial levels official long-term
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01943-00435259-00435593 target of 1.5 degrees in 2015 - official
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01944-00435594-00435875 UNFCCC scientific expert bodies came to
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01945-00435876-00436085 the conclusion that in some regions and
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01946-00436086-00436304 vulnerable ecosystems high risks are
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01947-00436305-00436545 projected even for warming above 1.5
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01948-00436546-00436895 degrees Celsius this expert position was
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01949-00436896-00437012 together with the strong diplomatic
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01950-00437013-00437199 voice of the poorest countries and the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01951-00437200-00437358 island nations in the Pacific the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01952-00437359-00437525 driving force leading to the decision of
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01953-00437526-00437727 the Paris conference 2015 to lay down
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01954-00437728-00437964 this 1.5 degrees Celsius long term
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01955-00437964-00438152 target on top of the existing 2 degrees
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01956-00438153-00438668 Celsius goal
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01957-00438670-00439535 topic encouraging news changes
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01958-00439535-00440159 topic emissions tax an emissions tax on
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01959-00440160-00440314 greenhouse gas emissions requires
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01960-00440316-00440518 individual emitters to pay a fee charge
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01961-00440520-00440717 or tax for every tonne of greenhouse gas
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01962-00440718-00440951 released into the atmosphere most
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01963-00440952-00441131 environmentally related taxes with
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01964-00441132-00441284 implications for greenhouse gas
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01965-00441285-00441497 emissions in OECD countries are levied
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01966-00441497-00441677 on energy products and motor vehicles
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01967-00441678-00441896 rather than on co2 emissions directly
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01968-00441897-00442037 emission taxes can be both
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01969-00442038-00442172 cost-effective and environmentally
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01970-00442172-00442430 effective difficulties with emission
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01971-00442431-00442574 taxes include their potential
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01972-00442575-00442735 unpopularity and the fact that they
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01973-00442737-00442916 cannot guarantee a particular level of
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01974-00442917-00443189 emissions reduction emissions or energy
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01975-00443189-00443345 taxes also often fall disproportionately
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01976-00443346-00443681 on lower-income classes in developing
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01977-00443682-00443831 countries institutions may be
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01978-00443832-00443975 insufficiently developed for the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01979-00443976-00444149 collection of emissions fees from a wide
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01980-00444150-00445153 variety of sources topic subsidies
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01981-00445154-00445433 according to Mark Z Jacobson a program
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01982-00445434-00445610 of subsidization balanced against
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01983-00445610-00445754 expected flood cost could pay for
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01984-00445755-00446009 conversion to 100% renewable power by
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01985-00446010-00446318 2030 Jacobson and his colleague mark
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01986-00446318-00446518 Dellucci suggested the cost to generate
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01987-00446520-00446747 and transmit power in 2020 will be less
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01988-00446747-00447022 than 4 cents per kilowatt hour in 2007
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01989-00447024-00447233 dollars for wind about 4 cents for wave
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01990-00447234-00447452 and hydroelectric from 4 to 7 cents for
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01991-00447453-00447671 geothermal and 8 cents per kilowatt hour
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01992-00447672-00448366 for solar fossil and nuclear power
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01993-00448367-00448758 topic investment
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01994-00448759-00448983 another indirect method of encouraging
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01995-00448984-00449166 uses of renewable energy and pursue
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01996-00449167-00449329 sustainability and environmental
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01997-00449330-00449464 protection is that of prompting
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01998-00449464-00449614 investment in this area through legal
+1rIY3-c6Sig-01999-00449614-00449785 means something that is already being
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02000-00449785-00449956 done at national level as well as in the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02001-00449957-00450622 field of international investment topic
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02002-00450622-00451137 carbon emissions trading with the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02003-00451138-00451318 creation of a market for trading carbon
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02004-00451318-00451510 dioxide emissions within the Kyoto
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02005-00451510-00451689 Protocol it is likely that London
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02006-00451690-00451858 financial markets will be the Centre for
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02007-00451859-00451987 this potentially highly lucrative
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02008-00451988-00452208 business the new york and chicago stock
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02009-00452209-00452406 markets may have a low trade volume than
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02010-00452407-00452560 expected as long as the u.s. maintains
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02011-00452560-00452758 its rejection of the kyoto however
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02012-00452759-00452893 emissions trading may delay the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02013-00452893-00453052 phase-out of fossil fuels in the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02014-00453053-00453256 Northeast United States a successful
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02015-00453257-00453393 cap-and-trade program has shown
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02016-00453394-00453618 potential for this solution the European
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02017-00453619-00453874 Union emission trading scheme EU ETS is
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02018-00453875-00454075 the largest multinational greenhouse gas
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02019-00454076-00454324 emissions trading scheme in the world it
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02020-00454325-00454489 commenced operation on the 1st of
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02021-00454489-00454801 January 2005 and all 28 member states of
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02022-00454802-00454993 the European Union participate in the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02023-00454993-00455179 scheme which has created a new market in
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02024-00455180-00455389 carbon dioxide allowances estimated at
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02025-00455389-00455670 35 billion euros 43 billion dollars per
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02026-00455671-00455950 year the Chicago climate exchange was
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02027-00455951-00456151 the first voluntary emissions market and
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02028-00456152-00456337 is soon to be followed by ages first
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02029-00456338-00456631 market Asia carbon exchange a total of
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02030-00456632-00456850 107 million metric tons of carbon
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02031-00456851-00457056 dioxide equivalent have been exchanged
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02032-00457057-00457366 through projects in 2004 a 38% increase
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02033-00457367-00457783 relative to 2003 78 mount co2 e 23
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02034-00457784-00457954 multinational corporations have come
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02035-00457955-00458122 together in the g8 Climate Change
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02036-00458122-00458305 roundtable a business group formed at
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02037-00458306-00458575 the January 2005 World Economic Forum
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02038-00458576-00458872 the group includes Ford Toyota British
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02039-00458872-00459247 Airways and BP on the 9th of June 2005
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02040-00459247-00459408 the group published a statement stating
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02041-00459409-00459585 that there was a need to act on climate
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02042-00459586-00459718 change in claiming that market-based
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02043-00459718-00459960 solutions can help it called on
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02044-00459961-00460120 governments to establish clear
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02045-00460121-00460380 transparent and consistent price signals
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02046-00460381-00460702 through creation of a long term policy
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02047-00460703-00460914 framework that would include all major
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02048-00460915-00461191 producers of greenhouse gases the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02049-00461192-00461383 Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative is a
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02050-00461384-00461562 proposed carbon trading scheme being
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02051-00461563-00461731 created by nine northeastern and
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02052-00461732-00461943 mid-atlantic American State Connecticut
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02053-00461944-00462112 Delaware Maine Massachusetts
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02054-00462113-00462297 it's New Hampshire New Jersey New York
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02055-00462299-00462589 Rhode Island and Vermont the scheme was
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02056-00462589-00462838 due to be developed by April 2005 but
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02057-00462839-00463411 has not yet been completed
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02058-00463412-00463952 topic implementation
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02059-00463953-00464175 implementation puts into effect climate
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02060-00464176-00464370 change mitigation strategies and targets
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02061-00464371-00464532 these can be targets set by
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02062-00464533-00464745 international bodies or voluntary action
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02063-00464746-00465018 by individuals or institutions this is
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02064-00465018-00465192 the most important expensive and least
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02065-00465193-00465357 appealing aspect of environmental
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02066-00465358-00466410 governance topic funding implementation
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02067-00466410-00466587 requires funding sources but is often
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02068-00466588-00466752 beset by disputes over who should
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02069-00466753-00466875 provide funds and under what conditions
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02070-00466876-00467172 a lack of funding can be a barrier to
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02071-00467172-00467346 successful strategies as there are no
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02072-00467347-00467535 formal arrangements to finance climate
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02073-00467535-00467708 change development and implementation
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02074-00467709-00467972 funding is often provided by nations
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02075-00467974-00468183 groups of nations in increasingly NGO
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02076-00468184-00468438 and private sources these funds are
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02077-00468439-00468567 often channeled through the global
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02078-00468568-00468879 environmental facility GEF this is an
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02079-00468880-00469056 environmental funding mechanism in the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02080-00469057-00469206 World Bank which is designed to deal
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02081-00469207-00469521 with global environmental issues the GEF
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02082-00469522-00469695 was originally designed to tackle four
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02083-00469696-00469956 main areas biological diversity climate
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02084-00469957-00470135 change international waters an ozone
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02085-00470137-00470283 layer depletion to which land
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02086-00470284-00470430 degradation and persistent organic
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02087-00470431-00470714 pollutants were added the GEF funds
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02088-00470716-00470871 projects that are agreed to achieve
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02089-00470872-00471054 global environmental benefits that are
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02090-00471055-00471216 endorsed by governments and screened by
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02091-00471217-00471854 one of the gfs implementing agencies
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02092-00471855-00472306 topic problems
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02093-00472307-00472504 there are numerous issues which result
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02094-00472505-00472624 in a current perceived lack of
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02095-00472625-00472849 implementation it has been suggested
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02096-00472850-00473017 that the main barriers to implementation
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02097-00473018-00473224 are uncertainty fragmentation
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02098-00473225-00473455 institutional void short time horizon of
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02099-00473456-00473622 policies and politicians and missing
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02100-00473624-00473755 motives and willingness to start
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02101-00473756-00474010 adapting the relationships between many
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02102-00474010-00474184 climatic processes can cause large
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02103-00474185-00474352 levels of uncertainty as they are not
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02104-00474353-00474520 fully understood and can be a barrier to
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02105-00474521-00474781 implementation when information on
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02106-00474782-00474955 climate change is held between the large
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02107-00474956-00475117 numbers of actors involved it can be
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02108-00475118-00475312 highly dispersed context specific or
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02109-00475313-00475438 difficult to access causing
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02110-00475439-00475638 fragmentation to be a barrier
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02111-00475639-00475810 institutional void is the lack of
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02112-00475810-00475996 commonly accepted rules and norms for
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02113-00475997-00476197 policy processes to take place calling
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02114-00476197-00476332 into question the legitimacy and
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02115-00476333-00476617 efficacy of policy processes the short
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02116-00476618-00476824 time horizon of policies and politicians
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02117-00476825-00477016 often means that climate change policies
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02118-00477017-00477145 are not implemented in favour of
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02119-00477146-00477357 socially favored societal issues
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02120-00477358-00477564 statements are often posed to keep the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02121-00477566-00477742 illusion of political action to prevent
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02122-00477743-00478009 or postpone decisions being made missing
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02123-00478010-00478141 motives and willingness to start
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02124-00478142-00478303 adapting is a large barrier as it
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02125-00478304-00478558 prevents any implementation the issues
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02126-00478559-00478710 that arise with a system which involves
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02127-00478712-00478897 international government cooperation
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02128-00478897-00479085 such as cap-and-trade could potentially
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02129-00479087-00479254 be improved with a polycentric approach
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02130-00479255-00479407 where the rules are enforced by many
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02131-00479408-00479589 small sections of authority as opposed
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02132-00479591-00479789 to one overall enforcement agency
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02133-00479791-00480046 concerns about metal requirement and/or
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02134-00480047-00480178 availability for essential
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02135-00480179-00480372 decarbonisation technologies such as
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02136-00480374-00480622 photovoltaics nuclear power and plug-in
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02137-00480622-00480814 hybrid electric vehicles have also been
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02138-00480814-00481797 expressed as obstacles topic occurrence
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02139-00481797-00482029 despite a perceived lack of occurrence
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02140-00482030-00482224 evidence of implementation is emerging
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02141-00482225-00482464 internationally some examples of this
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02142-00482464-00482662 are the initiation of na pas and of
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02143-00482663-00482929 joint implementation many developing
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02144-00482930-00483121 nations have made national adaptation
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02145-00483122-00483334 programmes of action na pas which a
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02146-00483335-00483520 frameworks to prioritize adaption needs
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02147-00483521-00483784 the implementation of many of these is
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02148-00483785-00484060 supported by GE F agencies many
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02149-00484060-00484225 developed countries are implementing
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02150-00484226-00484453 first generation institutional adaption
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02151-00484454-00484600 plans particularly at the state and
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02152-00484601-00484831 local governments goal there has also
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02153-00484832-00484996 been a push towards joint implementation
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02154-00484997-00485302 between countries by the UNFCCC as this
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02155-00485303-00485485 has been suggested as a cost effective
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02156-00485485-00486091 way for objectives to be achieved
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02157-00486092-00486957 topic territorial policies
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02158-00486958-00487548 topic united states efforts to reduce
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02159-00487549-00487767 greenhouse gas emissions by the united
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02160-00487768-00487947 states include energy policies which
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02161-00487948-00488125 encourage efficiency through programs
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02162-00488126-00488325 like energy star commercial building
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02163-00488326-00488472 integration and the industrial
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02164-00488473-00488730 technologies program on the 12th of
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02165-00488731-00488991 november 1998 Vice President Al Gore
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02166-00488992-00489186 symbolically signed the Kyoto Protocol
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02167-00489187-00489375 but he indicated participation by the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02168-00489376-00489577 developing nations was necessary prior
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02169-00489578-00489771 it's being submitted for ratification by
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02170-00489772-00489996 the United States Senate in 2007
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02171-00489997-00490215 Transportation Secretary Mary Peters
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02172-00490216-00490354 with White House approval urged
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02173-00490355-00490518 governors and dozens of members of the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02174-00490519-00490662 House of Representatives to block
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02175-00490663-00490863 California's first-in-the-nation limits
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02176-00490864-00491064 on greenhouse gases from cars and trucks
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02177-00491065-00491262 according to emails obtained by Congress
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02178-00491263-00491556 the US climate change science program is
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02179-00491557-00491769 a group of about 20 federal agencies and
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02180-00491770-00491958 US cabinet departments all working
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02181-00491959-00492234 together to address global warming the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02182-00492235-00492411 Bush administration pressured American
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02183-00492412-00492573 scientists to suppress discussion of
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02184-00492574-00492717 global warming according to the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02185-00492718-00492864 testimony of the Union of Concerned
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02186-00492865-00493017 Scientists to the Oversight and
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02187-00493018-00493194 Government Reform Committee of the US
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02188-00493195-00493402 House of Representatives high quality
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02189-00493403-00493782 science was struggling to get out as the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02190-00493783-00493968 Bush administration pressured scientists
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02191-00493969-00494118 to tailor their writings on global
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02192-00494119-00494283 warming to fit the Bush administration's
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02193-00494284-00494469 skepticism in some cases at the behest
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02194-00494470-00494691 of an ex-oil industry lobbyists nearly
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02195-00494692-00494883 half of all respondents perceived or
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02196-00494884-00495057 personally experienced pressure to
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02197-00495058-00495234 eliminate the words climate change
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02198-00495235-00495447 global warming or other similar terms
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02199-00495448-00495710 from a variety of communications
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02200-00495711-00495948 similarly according to the testimony of
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02201-00495949-00496098 senior officers of the Government
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02202-00496099-00496279 Accountability Project the White House
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02203-00496280-00496485 attempted to bury the report national
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02204-00496486-00496638 assessment of the potential consequences
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02205-00496639-00496892 of climate variability and change
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02206-00496893-00497187 produced by US scientists pursuant to US
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02207-00497188-00497421 law some US scientists resigned their
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02208-00497422-00497583 jobs rather than give in to White House
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02209-00497584-00497796 pressure 200 global warming in the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02210-00497797-00497979 absence of substantial federal action
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02211-00497980-00498154 state governments have adopted emissions
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02212-00498155-00498309 control laws such as the Regional
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02213-00498310-00498447 Greenhouse Gas Initiative in the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02214-00498448-00498573 Northeast and the global warming
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02215-00498574-00498912 solutions Act of 2006 in California in
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02216-00498913-00499143 2019 a new climate change bill was
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02217-00499144-00499368 introduced in Minnesota one of the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02218-00499369-00499560 targets is making all the energy of the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02219-00499561-00500163 state carbon free by 2030
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02220-00500164-00500670 topic European Union
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02221-00500671-00500884 in April twenty nineteen the Spanish
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02222-00500885-00501070 Socialist Party takes the biggest number
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02223-00501071-00501313 of seats in the elections in Spain the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02224-00501314-00501484 party declares itself as part of the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02225-00501485-00501664 green New Deal and proposed reducing
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02226-00501664-00501859 emissions by 90 percent below 1990
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02227-00501860-00502084 levels by mid-century and generating all
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02228-00502085-00502252 of the country's power from renewables
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02229-00502253-00502485 along the same timeline 74 percent of
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02230-00502487-00502689 power would come from renewables by 2030
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02231-00502689-00502939 the bill would ban fracking nationwide
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02232-00502939-00503143 eliminate fossil fuel subsidies and
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02233-00503143-00503284 government investments in fossil fuels
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02234-00503285-00503512 and phase out fossil fuel vehicles with
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02235-00503513-00503668 the aim of banning the registration and
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02236-00503668-00504228 sale of carbon emitting vehicles by 2040
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02237-00504229-00504850 topic developing countries in order to
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02238-00504851-00505027 reconcile economic development with
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02239-00505028-00505222 mitigating carbon emissions developing
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02240-00505222-00505408 countries need particular support both
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02241-00505409-00505660 financial and technical one of the means
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02242-00505660-00505860 of achieving this is the Kyoto Protocol
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02243-00505862-00506170 Clean Development Mechanism CDM the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02244-00506171-00506374 World Bank's prototype carbon fund is a
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02245-00506375-00506563 public-private partnership that operates
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02246-00506564-00506872 within the CDM an important point of
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02247-00506872-00507072 contention however is how overseas
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02248-00507073-00507243 development assistance not directly
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02249-00507244-00507439 related to climate change mitigation is
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02250-00507439-00507628 effected by funds provided to climate
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02251-00507629-00507885 change mitigation one of the outcomes of
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02252-00507887-00508095 the UNFCCC Copenhagen climate conference
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02253-00508096-00508309 was the Copenhagen Accord in which
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02254-00508310-00508459 developed countries promised to provide
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02255-00508460-00508735 30 million dollars between 2010 and 2012
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02256-00508735-00508989 of new and additional resources yet it
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02257-00508991-00509145 remains unclear what exactly the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02258-00509146-00509295 definition of additional is in the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02259-00509296-00509470 European Commission has requested its
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02260-00509471-00509608 member states to define what they
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02261-00509609-00509743 understand to be additional and
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02262-00509743-00509874 researchers at the Overseas Development
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02263-00509875-00510072 Institute have found four main
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02264-00510073-00510337 understandings climate finance
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02265-00510338-00510510 classified as eight but additional to
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02266-00510512-00510916 over and above the 0.7% Oda target the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02267-00510917-00511087 increase on previous year's official
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02268-00511088-00511270 development assistance Oda spent on
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02269-00511271-00511560 climate change mitigation rising Oda
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02270-00511562-00511722 levels that include climate change
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02271-00511723-00511893 finance but where it is limited to a
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02272-00511894-00512185 specified percentage and increase in
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02273-00512185-00512404 climate finance not connected to Oda the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02274-00512405-00512527 main point being that there is a
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02275-00512528-00512752 conflict between the OECD States budget
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02276-00512753-00512953 deficit cuts the need to help developing
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02277-00512954-00513127 countries adapt to develop sustainably
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02278-00513128-00513292 and the need to ensure that funding does
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02279-00513293-00513442 not come from cutting aid to other
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02280-00513443-00513628 important Millennium Development Goals
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02281-00513629-00513784 however none of these initiatives
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02282-00513785-00513952 suggest a quantitative cap on the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02283-00513953-00514056 emissions from develop
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02284-00514057-00514279 country's this is considered as a
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02285-00514280-00514473 particularly difficult policy proposal
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02286-00514474-00514629 as the economic growth of developing
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02287-00514630-00514800 countries that proportionally reflected
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02288-00514801-00514970 in the growth of greenhouse emissions
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02289-00514971-00515223 critics of mitigation often argue that
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02290-00515224-00515397 the developing countries drive to attain
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02291-00515398-00515550 a comparable living standard to the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02292-00515551-00515677 developed countries would doom the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02293-00515678-00515891 attempted mitigation of global warming
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02294-00515892-00516132 critics also argue that holding down
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02295-00516133-00516309 emissions would shift the human cost of
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02296-00516310-00516492 global warming from a general one to one
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02297-00516493-00516633 that was born most heavily by the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02298-00516634-00516939 poorest populations on the planet in an
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02299-00516940-00517044 attempt to provide more opportunities
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02300-00517045-00517293 for developing countries to adapt clean
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02301-00517294-00517569 technologies UN EPA in WTO urged the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02302-00517570-00517746 international community to reduce trade
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02303-00517747-00517920 barriers and to conclude the Doha trade
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02304-00517921-00518133 round which includes opening trade in
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02305-00518134-00518799 environmental goods and services
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02306-00518800-00519386 topic non governmental approaches
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02307-00519387-00519590 while many of the proposed methods of
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02308-00519591-00519750 mitigating global warming require
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02309-00519751-00519944 governmental funding legislation and
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02310-00519945-00520133 regulatory action individuals and
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02311-00520134-00520304 businesses can also play a part in the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02312-00520305-00520827 mitigation effort
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02313-00520828-00521131 topic choices in personal actions and
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02314-00521132-00521568 business operations
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02315-00521570-00521741 environmental groups encourage
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02316-00521742-00521906 individual action against global warming
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02317-00521907-00522172 often aimed at the consumer common
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02318-00522174-00522356 recommendations include lowering home
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02319-00522357-00522535 heating and cooling usage burning less
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02320-00522537-00522728 gasoline supporting renewable energy
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02321-00522729-00522908 sources buying local products to reduce
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02322-00522909-00523072 transportation turning off unused
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02323-00523074-00523309 devices and various others a
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02324-00523310-00523562 geophysicist at Utrecht University has
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02325-00523563-00523742 urged similar institutions to hold the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02326-00523743-00523910 vanguard in voluntary mitigation
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02327-00523910-00524087 suggesting the use of communications
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02328-00524088-00524291 technology such as videoconferencing to
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02329-00524292-00524444 reduce their dependence on long-haul
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02330-00524445-00525426 flights topic air travel and shipment
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02331-00525427-00525726 in 2008 climate scientist Kevin Anderson
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02332-00525727-00525912 raised concern about the growing effect
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02333-00525913-00526065 of rapidly increasing global air
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02334-00526066-00526239 transport on the climate in a paper and
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02335-00526240-00526455 a presentation suggesting that reversing
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02336-00526456-00526587 this trend is necessary to reduce
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02337-00526588-00526872 emissions part of the difficulty is that
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02338-00526873-00527058 when aviation emissions are made at high
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02339-00527059-00527244 altitude the climate impacts are much
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02340-00527245-00527478 greater than otherwise others have been
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02341-00527479-00527637 raising the related concerns of the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02342-00527638-00527835 increasing hypermobility of individuals
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02343-00527836-00527976 whether traveling for business or
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02344-00527977-00528156 pleasure involving frequent and often
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02345-00528157-00528336 long-distance air travel as well as air
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02346-00528337-00529026 shipment of goods topic business
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02347-00529027-00529578 opportunities and risks on the 9th of
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02348-00529579-00529851 May 2005 Jeff Immelt the chief executive
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02349-00529852-00530058 of General Electric GE announced plans
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02350-00530059-00530268 to reduce G's global warming related
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02351-00530269-00530562 emissions by 1 percent by 2012 GE said
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02352-00530563-00530745 that given its projected growth those
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02353-00530746-00530946 emissions would have risen by 40 percent
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02354-00530947-00531309 without such action on the 21st of June
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02355-00531310-00531588 2005 a group of leading airlines Airport
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02356-00531589-00531795 and aerospace manufacturers pledged to
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02357-00531796-00531927 work together to reduce the negative
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02358-00531928-00532119 environmental impact of aviation
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02359-00532120-00532281 including limiting the impact of air
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02360-00532282-00532476 travel on climate change by improving
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02361-00532477-00532644 fuel efficiency in reducing carbon
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02362-00532645-00532899 dioxide emissions of new aircraft by 50
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02363-00532900-00533133 percent per seat kilometre by 2020 from
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02364-00533134-00533430 2000 levels the group aims to develop a
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02365-00533431-00533592 common reporting system for carbon
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02366-00533593-00533781 dioxide emissions per aircraft by the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02367-00533782-00534021 end of 2005 and pressed for the early
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02368-00534022-00534216 inclusion of aviation in the European
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02369-00534217-00534852 Union's carbon emission trading scheme
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02370-00534853-00535494 topic investor response climate change
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02371-00535495-00535635 is also a concern for large
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02372-00535636-00535791 institutional investors who have a
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02373-00535792-00535987 long-term time horizon and potentially
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02374-00535988-00536160 large exposure to the negative impacts
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02375-00536161-00536313 of global warming because of the large
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02376-00536314-00536442 geographic footprint of their
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02377-00536443-00536658 multinational holdings throughout
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02378-00536659-00536850 socially responsible investing funds
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02379-00536851-00537031 allow investors to invest in funds that
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02380-00537032-00537252 meet high ESG environmental social
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02381-00537253-00537433 governance standards as such funds
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02382-00537434-00537577 invest in companies that are aligned
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02383-00537578-00537843 with these goals proxy firms can be used
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02384-00537844-00538006 to draft guidelines for investment
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02385-00538007-00538164 managers that take these concerns into
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02386-00538165-00538655 account
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02387-00538656-00539160 topic legal action
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02388-00539161-00539373 in some countries those affected by
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02389-00539374-00539559 climate change may be able to sue major
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02390-00539560-00539820 producers attempts at litigation have
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02391-00539821-00540027 been initiated by entire peoples such as
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02392-00540028-00540177 Palau in the inuit as well as
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02393-00540178-00540360 non-governmental organizations such as
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02394-00540361-00540450 the sierra club
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02395-00540451-00540675 although proving that particular weather
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02396-00540676-00540849 events are do specifically to global
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02397-00540850-00540984 warming may never be possible
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02398-00540985-00541146 methodologies have been developed to
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02399-00541147-00541320 show the increased risk of such events
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02400-00541321-00541506 caused by global warming for a legal
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02401-00541507-00541677 action for negligence or similar to
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02402-00541678-00542064 succeed plaintiffs must show that more
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02403-00542065-00542244 probably than not their individual
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02404-00542245-00542436 injuries were caused by the risk factor
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02405-00542437-00542613 in question as opposed to any other
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02406-00542614-00542949 cause this has sometimes been translated
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02407-00542950-00543141 to a requirement of a relative risk of
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02408-00543142-00543405 at least to another route though with
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02409-00543406-00543582 little legal bite is the world heritage
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02410-00543583-00543717 convention if it can be shown that
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02411-00543718-00543882 climate change is affecting world
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02412-00543883-00544050 heritage sites like Mount Everest
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02413-00544051-00544203 besides countries suing one another
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02414-00544204-00544392 there are also cases where people in a
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02415-00544393-00544569 country have taken legal steps against
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02416-00544570-00544803 their own government legal action for
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02417-00544804-00544974 instance has been taken to try to force
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02418-00544975-00545175 the US Environmental Protection Agency
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02419-00545176-00545358 to regulate greenhouse gas emissions
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02420-00545359-00545520 under the Clean Air Act and against the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02421-00545521-00545733 export-import bank and OPI sea for
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02422-00545734-00545919 failing to assess environmental impacts
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02423-00545920-00546105 including global warming impacts under
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02424-00546106-00546260 NEPA in the Netherlands and Belgium
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02425-00546261-00546507 organizations such as agenda in the VZW
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02426-00546508-00546726 climatic in Belgium have also sued their
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02427-00546727-00546837 governments as they believe their
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02428-00546838-00546978 governments aren't meeting the emission
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02429-00546979-00547212 reductions they agreed to her gender
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02430-00547213-00547368 have already won their case against the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02431-00547369-00547590 Dutch government according to a 2004
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02432-00547591-00547740 study commissioned by Friends of the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02433-00547741-00547935 Earth ExxonMobil and its predecessors
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02434-00547936-00548220 caused 4.7 to 5.3 percent of the world's
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02435-00548221-00548397 man-made carbon dioxide emissions
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02436-00548398-00548712 between 1882 and 2002 the group
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02437-00548713-00548892 suggested that such studies could form
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02438-00548893-00549081 the basis for eventual legal action in
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02439-00549082-00549177 2015
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02440-00549178-00549432 Exxon received a subpoena according to
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02441-00549433-00549597 the Washington Post and confirmed by the
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02442-00549598-00549804 company the Attorney General of New York
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02443-00549805-00549945 Eric Schneiderman opened an
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02444-00549946-00550110 investigation into the possibility that
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02445-00550111-00550284 the company had misled the public and
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02446-00550285-00550416 investors about the risks of climate
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02447-00550417-00550921 change
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02448-00550922-00551427 topic activism
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02449-00551428-00551656 environmental organizations organized
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02450-00551657-00551815 different actions like people's climate
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02451-00551816-00552019 March --is divestment from fossil fuels
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02452-00552020-00552352 see pages 1,000 organizations who worth
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02453-00552353-00552526 a trillion dollars made commitments to
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02454-00552527-00552769 divest from fossil fuels to 2018 another
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02455-00552770-00553006 form of action is climate strike in
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02456-00553007-00553345 January 2019 12,500 students marched in
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02457-00553346-00553572 Brussels demanding climate action in
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02458-00553573-00553822 2019 the organization extinction
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02459-00553823-00554002 rebellion organized massive protests
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02460-00554003-00554230 demanding tell the truth about climate
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02461-00554231-00554449 change reduce carbon emissions to zero
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02462-00554450-00554722 by 2025 and create a citizen's assembly
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02463-00554723-00555064 to oversee progress including blocking
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02464-00555065-00555610 roads many were arrested
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02465-00555611-00556438 topic see also
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02466-00556439-00557060 topic by country debate over China's
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02467-00557061-00557252 economic responsibilities for climate
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02468-00557253-00557528 change mitigation European climate
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02469-00557529-00557816 change program mitigation of global
+1rIY3-c6Sig-02470-00557817-00558305 warming in Australia equals equals notes
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00000-00000008-00000175 press the bell icon so that you don't
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00001-00000176-00000463 miss any updates from workspace
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00002-00000463-00000839 there's no one specific place to learn
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00003-00000840-00001007 you know the world is yours but you can
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00004-00001008-00001174 learn from smallest to smallest to
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00005-00001175-00001215 biggest
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00006-00001216-00001423 biggest things and you know you just
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00007-00001424-00001558 have to have that
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00008-00001559-00001807 spark and you know that that want and
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00009-00001807-00001863 that
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00010-00001864-00002151 need to learn that's what i believe in
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00011-00002152-00002207 so no
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00012-00002208-00002453 film school is just one avenue that's
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00013-00002454-00002883 [Music]
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00014-00002884-00003095 all
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00015-00003096-00003270 so you've done like a lot of
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00016-00003271-00003399 documentaries for the
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00017-00003400-00003631 for the government like uh like over 100
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00018-00003632-00003735 i read and
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00019-00003736-00003943 you studied filmmaking then you've
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00020-00003944-00004103 worked in advertising
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00021-00004104-00004295 mostly creative work so where does this
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00022-00004296-00004486 love for cinema or like film making come
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00023-00004487-00004870 from or to tell a story
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00024-00004871-00005102 like all filmmakers uh i've been
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00025-00005103-00005191 fascinated
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00026-00005192-00005535 with 70 mm watching movies in theaters
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00027-00005536-00005799 and those few hours is you know they're
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00028-00005800-00005991 not yours when you sit in a theater in
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00029-00005992-00006118 front of a big screen
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00030-00006119-00006334 the credits start rolling the next few
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00031-00006335-00006463 hours is not in your hands you're
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00032-00006464-00006575 completely given to
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00033-00006576-00006767 what is there in front of you and you
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00034-00006768-00006983 you get engrossed you get completely
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00035-00006984-00007198 immersed into the story which is
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00036-00007200-00007503 being told uh on celluloid for us i
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00037-00007504-00007639 think so as i said as
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00038-00007640-00007942 many filmmakers like me
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00039-00007943-00008142 and uh you know i think the the
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00040-00008143-00008310 fascination towards the
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00041-00008311-00008678 art form and you know i think is what
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00042-00008679-00009006 um interested me uh pushed me
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00043-00009007-00009214 uh towards this whole world of
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00044-00009215-00009383 storytelling which i found it extremely
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00045-00009384-00009503 fascinating
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00046-00009504-00009855 um and i think that's where it started
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00047-00009856-00010095 and i i was brought up in delhi so we
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00048-00010096-00010246 used to have this place called pragati
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00049-00010247-00010399 maidan i think for
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00050-00010400-00010614 non-daily eights uh you can relate to
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00051-00010615-00010799 that place where book fair happens
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00052-00010800-00011191 every year every year in a huge book
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00053-00011192-00011423 fair like across the world uh
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00054-00011424-00011599 you know literally people authors
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00055-00011600-00011806 general public come to delhi for that
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00056-00011807-00012110 you know uh the book fair in delhi um
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00057-00012111-00012278 so prabhu maidan is a place wherein we
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00058-00012279-00012414 used to have these theaters small
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00059-00012415-00012487 theaters
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00060-00012488-00012759 and uh lang you know movies of all
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00061-00012760-00012902 languages used to be
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00062-00012903-00013230 screened in prague and uh i
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00063-00013231-00013463 were just you know asking my and
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00064-00013463-00013638 irritating my friends saying let's go
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00065-00013640-00013830 watch a film there and you know
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00066-00013831-00014111 uh we used to watch every language film
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00067-00014112-00014207 i used to watch
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00068-00014208-00014415 i just love watching other languages
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00069-00014416-00014630 from spanish french
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00070-00014631-00014863 german we had subtitles so i think i got
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00071-00014863-00015015 used to the subtitles
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00072-00015016-00015422 as a teenager um so yes i think that's
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00073-00015423-00015711 and i was fascinated by how uh films are
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00074-00015712-00015758 made
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00075-00015759-00016030 in you know different countries uh i i
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00076-00016031-00016191 fell in love with afghan films
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00077-00016191-00016350 and you know when i was watching that
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00078-00016351-00016550 and i was attending film festivals in
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00079-00016551-00016622 delhi
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00080-00016623-00016839 uh so i was watching a lot of films
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00081-00016840-00016927 across the
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00082-00016928-00017119 border like all the other countries and
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00083-00017120-00017279 all of that so
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00084-00017280-00017583 it just somehow um you know
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00085-00017584-00017807 you know i wanted to learn i think it's
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00086-00017808-00017991 a natural progression right so you know
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00087-00017992-00018055 you
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00088-00018056-00018327 you are fascinated the next step towards
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00089-00018328-00018583 that is to learn how to make those films
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00090-00018584-00018927 um so i think my the next
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00091-00018928-00019150 process was you know wanting to educate
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00092-00019151-00019239 myself
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00093-00019240-00019630 and equip myself with that skill set
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00094-00019631-00019958 and um i did my mass communication in
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00095-00019959-00020230 uh uh uh you know uh in france's
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00096-00020231-00020407 entrances in hyderabad
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00097-00020408-00020671 and uh post which i applied for film
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00098-00020672-00020894 schools across us and uk
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00099-00020895-00021119 i happened to go on a holiday to london
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00100-00021120-00021207 and i loved
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00101-00021208-00021439 uh you know what fascinated me is the
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00102-00021440-00021527 art
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00103-00021528-00021719 uh which was taken very seriously in
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00104-00021720-00021911 london and it it's like an art form
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00105-00021912-00022014 filmmaking is not an
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00106-00022015-00022222 art you know it's not a commercial it is
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00107-00022223-00022535 a commercial entity but i saw a whole
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00108-00022536-00022863 group and you know art artistic people
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00109-00022864-00023047 and they were treating film as an art
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00110-00023048-00023271 form and i wanted to learn that
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00111-00023272-00023558 before i dive into commercial uh you
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00112-00023559-00023591 know
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00113-00023592-00023783 a form of filmmaking i wanted to
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00114-00023784-00023967 understand the roots of it
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00115-00023968-00024222 and you know and all so uh you know
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00116-00024223-00024350 goldsmith's college studying in
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00117-00024351-00024583 goldsmiths college and experimenting and
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00118-00024584-00024871 understanding the uh the whole you know
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00119-00024872-00024958 aspect of
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00120-00024959-00025175 behind the scenes how do we do it where
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00121-00025176-00025286 the magic happens
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00122-00025287-00025567 and all of that was quite an eye-opener
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00123-00025568-00025606 um
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00124-00025607-00025943 i was exposed to even better filmmakers
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00125-00025944-00025990 and
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00126-00025991-00026311 you know classics uh and you know we had
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00127-00026312-00026343 to
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00128-00026344-00026702 uh in poetry uh we say in literature and
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00129-00026704-00026799 poetry we say reading
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00130-00026800-00026999 between the lines when you need to
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00131-00027000-00027207 understand what a poem is so you need to
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00132-00027208-00027374 read between the lines
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00133-00027375-00027590 so i think it was more about
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00134-00027591-00027711 understanding
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00135-00027712-00027951 the thought process behind making that
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00136-00027952-00028087 film for the filmmakers
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00137-00028088-00028407 so film school taught me how to read uh
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00138-00028408-00028614 you know the thought process of a
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00139-00028616-00028790 filmmaker in making that film
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00140-00028791-00029055 and you know which only uh till date has
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00141-00029056-00029143 been helping me
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00142-00029144-00029487 uh you know with my work yes
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00143-00029488-00029655 so in that sense do you prefer someone
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00144-00029656-00029831 who comes from a film background like
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00145-00029832-00030031 someone someone who's formally educated
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00146-00030032-00030343 or uh is that something that that has no
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00147-00030344-00030646 no yes see
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00148-00030647-00030918 as i said i equipped myself with a skill
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00149-00030919-00031190 set but what i do with my skill set
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00150-00031191-00031407 uh you know outside of the film school
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00151-00031408-00031543 is a whole new destiny
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00152-00031544-00031807 and a whole new world all together so uh
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00153-00031808-00031855 if i
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00154-00031856-00032079 learned it one year and you know my uh
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00155-00032080-00032262 my colleague or my counterpart
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00156-00032263-00032431 you know might have learned it on the
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00157-00032432-00032631 set for a year or two years
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00158-00032632-00033007 so uh you know i had uh that as i said i
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00159-00033008-00033183 had that interest in me to understand
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00160-00033184-00033335 world cinema you know to
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00161-00033336-00033535 learn more about world cinema hence the
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00162-00033536-00033639 film school
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00163-00033640-00033951 uh otherwise i think uh uh if on an i
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00164-00033952-00033999 think or
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00165-00034000-00034343 you know alternate space or
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00166-00034344-00034559 i also might have learned it on the go
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00167-00034560-00034671 on the set
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00168-00034672-00034943 um but yeah i chose a film school as i
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00169-00034944-00035023 said you know
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00170-00035024-00035399 there's no one specific place to learn
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00171-00035400-00035567 you know the world is yours you can
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00172-00035568-00035774 learn from smallest smallest biggest
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00173-00035775-00035983 biggest things and you know you just
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00174-00035984-00036127 have to have that
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00175-00036128-00036374 spark and you know that that want and
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00176-00036375-00036479 that need
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00177-00036480-00036774 to learn that's what i believe in so no
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00178-00036775-00037215 film school is just one avenue
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00179-00037216-00037439 so it's in your work the one that i'm
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00180-00037440-00037630 most familiar with is godzilla mopari
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00181-00037631-00037679 right
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00182-00037680-00037855 so i wanted to know maybe a little bit
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00183-00037856-00038007 about the history of it how did
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00184-00038008-00038302 it happen or like uh what why would you
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00185-00038303-00038430 choose something that is that
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00186-00038431-00038879 ambitious for uh a project right
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00187-00038880-00039223 okay um
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00188-00039224-00039583 i think as i said you know i i just
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00189-00039584-00039823 had this natural progression uh trying
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00190-00039824-00039974 to experiment and
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00191-00039975-00040271 uh i'm an independent filmmaker uh you
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00192-00040272-00040302 know
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00193-00040303-00040567 um and it's always i think the drive is
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00194-00040568-00040743 what keeps us going drive to do
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00195-00040744-00040830 something
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00196-00040831-00041062 uh we've been doing advertisements for
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00197-00041063-00041215 three to four years the drive to do
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00198-00041216-00041318 something bigger
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00199-00041319-00041502 i think it just comes naturally to all
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00200-00041503-00041687 of us that you know we would like to
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00201-00041688-00041927 experiment explore more than what you've
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00202-00041928-00042023 been doing
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00203-00042024-00042358 so i think from advertisements to uh
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00204-00042359-00042615 uh you know the corporate work it was a
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00205-00042616-00042815 natural progression
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00206-00042816-00043111 that uh you know uh uh the web space
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00207-00043112-00043223 three years back
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00208-00043224-00043511 uh the whole digital uh content was very
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00209-00043512-00043574 new
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00210-00043575-00043862 and otts were just starting up and uh so
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00211-00043863-00044015 that was a natural progression for me in
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00212-00044016-00044183 terms of trying to pitch
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00213-00044184-00044367 uh telling stories on a different
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00214-00044368-00044583 platform and what was exciting was there
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00215-00044584-00044702 were no barriers
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00216-00044703-00045015 as such we could experiment with the
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00217-00045016-00045239 stories and genres and you know
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00218-00045240-00045351 narratives
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00219-00045352-00045567 uh the length of the content which was
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00220-00045568-00045823 very interesting for me and i was
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00221-00045824-00046030 i was very excited so hence i started
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00222-00046031-00046183 pitching and you know i started
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00223-00046184-00046318 understanding if they're
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00224-00046319-00046671 uh collaborators who are as
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00225-00046672-00046951 i think you know on the same page as me
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00226-00046952-00046974 and
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00227-00046975-00047327 in that way but yes but god um
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00228-00047328-00047646 it it was a mixture of what we wanted to
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00229-00047647-00047718 tell and what
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00230-00047719-00047967 also the audiences wanted to see you
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00231-00047968-00048023 know i
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00232-00048024-00048255 i could see that specific genre which
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00233-00048256-00048430 was missing in the market
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00234-00048431-00048646 and you know uh i always say this that
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00235-00048647-00048758 you know filmmakers
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00236-00048759-00049062 have to uh also have to have that
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00237-00049063-00049462 uh you know a tinge of reality check
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00238-00049463-00049607 in terms of you know what we're going to
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00239-00049608-00049830 make uh you know what kind of audiences
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00240-00049831-00049911 are going to attract
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00241-00049912-00050071 is that something that the market or the
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00242-00050072-00050223 audiences are in
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00243-00050224-00050471 need for for that point and how much can
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00244-00050472-00050607 you push the envelope
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00245-00050608-00050855 you can't be completely uh you know uh
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00246-00050856-00050911 you can't
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00247-00050912-00051167 get this genre which audiences are not
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00248-00051168-00051238 ready for
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00249-00051239-00051399 you might be a little more early in the
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00250-00051400-00051542 market you know
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00251-00051544-00051782 uh i always have that uh in mind when i
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00252-00051783-00051982 uh when i pick up my projects and if i
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00253-00051983-00052119 have a story to tell
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00254-00052120-00052566 so uh god was a consciously made
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00255-00052567-00052694 decision that it should
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00256-00052695-00052991 have both uh in terms of the genre uh
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00257-00052991-00053047 which
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00258-00053048-00053335 will uh will be easy for the audiences
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00259-00053336-00053399 to
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00260-00053400-00053694 um you know digest at the same time
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00261-00053695-00053799 let's just
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00262-00053800-00054023 um you know wrap it or let's just
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00263-00054024-00054135 present it
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00264-00054136-00054350 that you know no other digital content
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00265-00054351-00054511 in south has
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00266-00054512-00054782 you know uh put it across yet at that
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00267-00054783-00054823 time
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00268-00054824-00055126 at that time i meant um so my
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00269-00055127-00055303 conversation with my team members was
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00270-00055304-00055399 all about this
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00271-00055400-00055726 like you know uh the constant hunger
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00272-00055727-00056071 to be uh you know to be to stand out
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00273-00056072-00056279 so that you know because i think if you
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00274-00056279-00056487 don't have that constant hunger to stand
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00275-00056488-00056559 out
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00276-00056560-00056766 uh you're going to get lost in the crowd
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00277-00056767-00056911 yeah you know uh
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00278-00056912-00057030 at the end of the day you need to ask
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00279-00057032-00057215 that question to yourself that if i'm if
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00280-00057216-00057303 i'm doing
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00281-00057304-00057550 am i different we live in a world which
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00282-00057551-00057750 is highly competitive
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00283-00057751-00058054 and you know uh so it's like a you need
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00284-00058055-00058191 to keep a balance you you know you have
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00285-00058191-00058311 to be happy with what you're doing at
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00286-00058312-00058487 the same time
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00287-00058488-00058759 you know uh you need to know uh you know
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00288-00058760-00058935 who you're making this fur
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00289-00058936-00059350 also so um i don't say a daring
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00290-00059351-00059519 attempt i would just say it's an honest
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00291-00059520-00059750 attempt it's an honest attempt
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00292-00059751-00059887 the idea was that it's like a
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00293-00059888-00060079 multi-decade narrative about
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00294-00060079-00060535 our culture you're introducing a
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00295-00060536-00060830 we were all hungry i think we were all
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00296-00060832-00060942 hungry we were
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00297-00060944-00061135 all of us i think as i said we were
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00298-00061136-00061303 those first movers
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00299-00061304-00061647 into such genres and ott we had
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00300-00061648-00062023 a good number of ott content before us
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00301-00062024-00062342 but there was no um you know reference
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00302-00062344-00062463 point for us saying that
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00303-00062464-00062703 we have to be like this our reference
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00304-00062704-00062799 point was all
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00305-00062800-00063006 bollywood-based uh and hollywood-based
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00306-00063007-00063230 uh content and series
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00307-00063232-00063511 so you know i think it was exciting that
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00308-00063512-00063654 we can make a difference
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00309-00063655-00063919 if everything falls into place we can
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00310-00063920-00064006 make a difference
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00311-00064007-00064263 is what i think all of us uh had in our
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00312-00064264-00064454 mind my whole team i meant
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00313-00064455-00064703 all of us had that so honest attempt is
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00314-00064704-00064926 what i would like to modestly put
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00315-00064927-00065230 so in that sense like what is uh so if
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00316-00065232-00065279 someone
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00317-00065279-00065391 brings a project to you someone's
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00318-00065391-00065535 pitching to you right what is the first
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00319-00065536-00065615 thing you
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00320-00065616-00065815 uh gravitate towards or what is the
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00321-00065816-00065967 thing that you're looking for
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00322-00065968-00066094 it's something you're already looking
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00323-00066095-00066375 for right um two things
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00324-00066376-00066782 first is am i itching to tell the story
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00325-00066783-00067087 is this a story that has to be told you
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00326-00067088-00067199 know am i
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00327-00067200-00067431 um you know i have to have that drive
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00328-00067432-00067615 within myself oh this is a story i have
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00329-00067616-00067719 to tell the audience
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00330-00067720-00067975 this is a story i have to you know i
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00331-00067976-00068167 want to experiment with
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00332-00068168-00068359 and you know uh in that manner that's
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00333-00068360-00068567 the first one the second one
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00334-00068568-00068855 uh would be um you know it has to have a
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00335-00068856-00068894 right
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00336-00068895-00069231 mix of uh you know uh art and commerce
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00337-00069232-00069326 is what we say
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00338-00069327-00069638 it needs to have both you know uh we
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00339-00069639-00069782 don't need funds to be
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00340-00069783-00069982 just you know lying in the cans right we
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00341-00069983-00070167 make fun so that we can take it
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00342-00070168-00070335 to the audiences for us to take it to
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00343-00070336-00070550 the audiences it has to have a fine
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00344-00070551-00070703 balance between art and congress this is
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00345-00070704-00070887 something i tell all my colleagues uh
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00346-00070888-00070999 and you know uh
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00347-00071000-00071247 uh producing uh people you know students
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00348-00071248-00071350 would like to produce
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00349-00071351-00071655 in the future um you know finances
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00350-00071656-00071831 and creative put together art and
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00351-00071832-00072015 commerce is what makes it full
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00352-00072016-00072238 yeah in that sense so when you once
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00353-00072239-00072367 you've selected the
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00354-00072368-00072623 film right or the project so how
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00355-00072624-00072719 hands-on are you
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00356-00072720-00073079 as a producer like in the sense are you
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00357-00073080-00073294 as creatively inclined as the person
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00358-00073295-00073431 who's making the thing or like how
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00359-00073432-00073871 handsome are you on set or offset
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00360-00073872-00074343 my work majorly is still pre-production
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00361-00074344-00074679 i believe that if i've entrusted a
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00362-00074680-00074894 person a creative person
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00363-00074895-00075279 as the director of the you know the film
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00364-00075280-00075575 i need to trust i have to trust that
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00365-00075576-00075671 person
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00366-00075672-00075975 so all my inputs all my discussions
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00367-00075976-00076247 uh all the creative sparring that has to
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00368-00076248-00076503 happen will happen during pre-production
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00369-00076504-00076726 i am a silent spectator on the set when
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00370-00076727-00076815 it comes uh
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00371-00076816-00077159 uh to uh you know as a producer i'm a
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00372-00077160-00077319 and silent spectator and as much as
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00373-00077320-00077550 possible try being useful and handy on
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00374-00077551-00077703 the set
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00375-00077704-00078023 so my work i think i i like to believe
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00376-00078024-00078350 that you know um i mean you know
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00377-00078351-00078606 you know again it's a fine balance you
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00378-00078607-00078703 need to
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00379-00078704-00078911 i like to be a team player uh you know
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00380-00078912-00079167 the the whole uh how a producer has to
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00381-00079168-00079262 be
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00382-00079263-00079423 it's not like i want to redefine it's
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00383-00079424-00079575 just that you know
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00384-00079576-00079775 you know i just want to set my own roots
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00385-00079776-00079943 when it comes to producing
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00386-00079944-00080350 uh content so um i am um
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00387-00080351-00080575 i have my opinions i have because as i
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00388-00080576-00080806 said i always say this the producer's
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00389-00080807-00080894 job is
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00390-00080895-00081206 you know it's like a bird's-eye view
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00391-00081207-00081479 right so from a bird's eye view is where
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00392-00081480-00081582 you can actually
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00393-00081583-00081982 know what the reality is so um
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00394-00081983-00082215 you know i i pride myself with the fact
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00395-00082216-00082375 that i can see that
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00396-00082376-00082718 and i'm able to um communicate the same
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00397-00082719-00082982 to my team members who are extremely
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00398-00082983-00083118 engrossed
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00399-00083119-00083406 and you know in in the process so much
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00400-00083407-00083550 that you know
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00401-00083551-00083767 you don't step back and see what the
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00402-00083768-00083943 reality is sometimes so
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00403-00083944-00084255 uh you know i see it that way
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00404-00084256-00084559 and uh my either my
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00405-00084560-00084815 opinions or my suggestions are something
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00406-00084816-00084950 that you know uh if i believe in
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00407-00084951-00085015 something
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00408-00085016-00085150 very strongly i'll put it across
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00409-00085151-00085294 strongly otherwise i'll leave it to the
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00410-00085295-00085487 discretion of the director
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00411-00085488-00086799 so
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00412-00086800-00086950 all of us have a similar vision all of
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00413-00086951-00087182 us have our own roles to play
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00414-00087183-00087487 and you know the whole the train needs
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00415-00087488-00087543 to go
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00416-00087544-00087879 in tandem with all the bogies and all
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00417-00087880-00088062 you know everything together is when you
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00418-00088063-00088223 reach a destination
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00419-00088224-00088615 so it's yeah
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00420-00088616-00088943 so uh another thing specific to god what
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00421-00088944-00089175 was maybe your most memorable moment
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00422-00089176-00089487 before after making the the
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00423-00089488-00089918 show um
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00424-00089919-00090238 i think getting such kind of a show
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00425-00090239-00090599 greenlit uh as an independent producer
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00426-00090600-00090959 three years back was itself uh
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00427-00090960-00091294 you know a confidence booster for me uh
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00428-00091295-00091647 with regards to i felt as if i'm
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00429-00091648-00092031 you know um a new avenue has opened up
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00430-00092032-00092335 and you know i can i can go
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00431-00092336-00092647 you know i can go all in i can i can
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00432-00092648-00092855 you know so the happiness was a little
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00433-00092856-00093047 boundless when it got green lit
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00434-00093048-00093294 and at the same time there was a huge
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00435-00093295-00093382 pressure
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00436-00093383-00093687 on my shoulders in terms of making sure
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00437-00093688-00093799 that this is
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00438-00093800-00094055 uh done in the timelines and in the
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00439-00094056-00094287 budgets and with the right team
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00440-00094288-00094503 how different shall i you know uh put
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00441-00094504-00094591 this team
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00442-00094592-00094743 together you know how different the
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00443-00094744-00094918 content has to be how novel
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00444-00094919-00095167 the content has to be how commercial the
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00445-00095168-00095287 content has to be you know
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00446-00095288-00095438 you know you have so many thoughts and
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00447-00095439-00095662 you need to put all of them together
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00448-00095663-00095926 uh to make this so i think the first
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00449-00095927-00096023 would be
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00450-00096024-00096159 you know just getting this green lit
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00451-00096160-00096326 itself was quite memorable for that
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00452-00096327-00096574 but uh it just quickly got washed away
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00453-00096575-00096847 with the pressure of making it um
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00454-00096848-00097287 but i post that uh um
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00455-00097288-00097526 we shot out you know uh for the whole
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00456-00097527-00097647 series 80
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00457-00097648-00097950 of which was shot outdoor and uh
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00458-00097951-00098206 we were we were searching for this right
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00459-00098207-00098303 dharmapuri
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00460-00098304-00098518 you know where do we go that we can
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00461-00098519-00098655 completely create
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00462-00098656-00098991 our world of dharmapuri so we went on a
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00463-00098992-00099238 recce mad reiki for a week ten days
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00464-00099239-00099494 i just remember going on this wreckage a
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00465-00099495-00099694 state to state just trying to find that
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00466-00099695-00099782 dharmapuri
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00467-00099783-00100094 where dhammapuri can be set in um
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00468-00100095-00100318 our head of the departments all of us we
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00469-00100319-00100518 just drove
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00470-00100519-00100679 from state to state and we were trying
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00471-00100680-00100935 to find it we we reached hampi
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00472-00100936-00101103 and i've never been to hampi before that
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00473-00101104-00101279 was the first time i you know i'd been
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00474-00101280-00101415 to hampi
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00475-00101416-00101711 and i was i was astonished to see the
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00476-00101712-00101982 kind of place hampi is the rocky
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00477-00101983-00102303 water rocky terrain and greenery and
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00478-00102304-00102423 blue sky
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00479-00102424-00102734 beautiful it was beautiful so
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00480-00102735-00102951 i think shooting in that area around
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00481-00102952-00103215 hampi anakundi host paid
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00482-00103216-00103558 uh you know the whole team 100 plus team
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00483-00103559-00103686 members were
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00484-00103688-00104006 uh you know there in uh anigundi for
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00485-00104007-00104358 uh close to 45 to 50 days and you know
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00486-00104359-00104471 uh
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00487-00104472-00104694 so i think i know for the fact that the
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00488-00104695-00104806 last day in our neighborhood
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00489-00104807-00104999 was so emotional for everyone we didn't
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00490-00105000-00105158 want to leave the place even people
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00491-00105159-00105302 there were so
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00492-00105303-00105527 um you know heartwarming they were so
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00493-00105528-00105695 welcoming and you know
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00494-00105696-00105886 i remember going to people's houses and
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00495-00105888-00106031 eating lunch dinner
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00496-00106032-00106310 while shooting this to invite us and you
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00497-00106311-00106431 know uh
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00498-00106432-00106639 it was beautiful i think shooting in
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00499-00106640-00106854 hampi anakumdi was something
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00500-00106855-00107127 extremely memorable for us and i think
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00501-00107128-00107271 the last day
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00502-00107272-00107519 our last schedule was actually in uh
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00503-00107520-00107663 baladi mines
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00504-00107664-00107847 and that was the last day in balari
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00505-00107848-00108119 mainz all of us were covered in suit
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00506-00108120-00108390 and you know uh uh i think all of us i
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00507-00108391-00108431 think
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00508-00108432-00108695 there was only one layer of black on all
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00509-00108696-00108775 of us and
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00510-00108776-00109078 we were it was you know it was very uh
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00511-00109079-00109302 funny because we were happy that you
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00512-00109303-00109534 know in the end now we get to make
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00513-00109535-00109775 uh you know it's it's one big step which
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00514-00109776-00109919 has you know which we
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00515-00109920-00110183 crossed to make this a reality at the
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00516-00110183-00110271 same time
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00517-00110272-00110590 as a team it was the last day for us to
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00518-00110591-00110823 you know work together this huge steam
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00519-00110824-00110958 so i think that last
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00520-00110959-00111231 day was uh in baladi mines was quite
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00521-00111232-00111319 memorable i think
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00522-00111320-00111551 it's still very fresh in my mind even
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00523-00111552-00111671 now so
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00524-00111672-00111990 yeah like there's a lot of detail in the
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00525-00111991-00112127 way you're describing it
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00526-00112128-00112463 seems very much yeah yeah
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00527-00112464-00112702 so something a little more general right
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00528-00112703-00112854 we can in business terms
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00529-00112855-00113031 right now because of the whole corona
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00530-00113032-00113190 situation like the
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00531-00113191-00113407 quarantine and stuff right the otp
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00532-00113408-00113599 market has grown like to a level
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00533-00113600-00113775 that i've never even thought that would
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00534-00113776-00113951 be possible it's been accelerated so
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00535-00113952-00114015 fast
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00536-00114016-00114231 so how do you see like has the
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00537-00114232-00114390 infrastructure or like the production
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00538-00114391-00114599 model become a lot better has
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00539-00114600-00114807 conversations and communication with ott
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00540-00114808-00115039 become easier in any way
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00541-00115040-00115310 or what do you think about them yes
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00542-00115311-00115399 absolutely
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00543-00115400-00115815 i think um lockdown has just forced all
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00544-00115816-00115951 of us to be
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00545-00115952-00116166 in between four walls and inside our
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00546-00116167-00116263 homes
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00547-00116264-00116423 and you know we did we didn't get the
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00548-00116424-00116575 chance to go you know get into
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00549-00116576-00116654 production
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00550-00116655-00116990 and you know uh uh make new films and
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00551-00116991-00117223 theaters were shut what do we do yeah i
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00552-00117224-00117390 think there was a natural
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00553-00117391-00117631 people just diverted towards video on
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00554-00117632-00117702 demand
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00555-00117703-00117966 on otts and on phones and the tvs and
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00556-00117967-00118078 all of that so
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00557-00118079-00118407 um all those independent films which
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00558-00118408-00118447 were
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00559-00118448-00118734 uh you know finding it hard to get into
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00560-00118735-00118775 the
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00561-00118776-00118966 the regular distribution format had
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00562-00118967-00119143 found uh you know
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00563-00119144-00119383 uh a way out uh found a way out to reach
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00564-00119383-00119551 out to the audiences
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00565-00119552-00119790 a hope and you know and that did get
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00566-00119791-00119966 realized and you know their dream did
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00567-00119967-00120223 get realized by all those films and
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00568-00120224-00120383 series which got released
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00569-00120383-00120678 during that time i think uh that's very
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00570-00120679-00120719 good
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00571-00120720-00120999 uh you know because there's a insurgence
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00572-00121000-00121078 there was
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00573-00121079-00121319 there was suddenly a demand for ready
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00574-00121320-00121407 content
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00575-00121408-00121599 and after that uh you know i think
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00576-00121600-00121751 because people started watching there's
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00577-00121752-00121919 been an exponential rise
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00578-00121920-00122095 in the percentage of people watching on
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00579-00122096-00122231 otd platforms
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00580-00122232-00122566 that only i think uh you know uh
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00581-00122567-00122919 it just progressed towards uh wanting
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00582-00122920-00123158 more of content and giving out more
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00583-00123159-00123310 content from the ott
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00584-00123311-00123566 uh to be producers and the filmmakers to
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00585-00123567-00123727 make that so it's always good
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00586-00123728-00123951 it's like a chain i think it's always
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00587-00123952-00124119 good i think more work
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00588-00124120-00124343 more stories to tell and you know it's
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00589-00124344-00124478 always good
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00590-00124479-00124799 um i think
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00591-00124800-00125054 you know it's all but at the same time
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00592-00125055-00125175 uh how
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00593-00125176-00125407 till how you know till when can we stay
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00594-00125408-00125502 inside uh
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00595-00125503-00125758 you know uh closed doors yeah some of
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00596-00125759-00125886 the other day we have to go
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00597-00125888-00126127 up and you know going to theaters is
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00598-00126128-00126310 part of a social experience
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00599-00126311-00126486 it's a social experience it's part of
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00600-00126488-00126663 the you know it's ingrained into a
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00601-00126664-00126831 social fabric
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00602-00126832-00127223 so we go out we will go out we will
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00603-00127224-00127486 you know go out to watch movies outside
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00604-00127488-00127599 in the theaters and
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00605-00127600-00127919 you know uh uh i think in general humans
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00606-00127920-00128039 are very social
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00607-00128040-00128239 you know uh we have to go out we have to
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00608-00128240-00128343 meet people
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00609-00128344-00128471 and you know you go with your friends
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00610-00128472-00128710 your family to just for a small
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00611-00128711-00128951 you know outing and you go watch a movie
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00612-00128952-00129095 so um
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00613-00129096-00129319 i see that there's going to be a balance
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00614-00129320-00129543 i think i see that they'll coexist
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00615-00129544-00129975 theaters and otd platforms will coexist
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00616-00129976-00130223 for sure and you know just i'm just
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00617-00130224-00130351 furthering i'm going
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00618-00130352-00130558 beyond the question you just asked
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00619-00130559-00130751 because i already spoke about theaters
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00620-00130752-00130814 here
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00621-00130815-00131166 um because i think it's a fear most of
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00622-00131167-00131439 us i think most of the uh makers have
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00623-00131440-00131663 that you know will we have full capacity
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00624-00131664-00131887 and uh uh i think these days we have
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00625-00131888-00132031 full capacity i've been hearing that
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00626-00132032-00132166 theaters are running full
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00627-00132167-00132423 they are always being pleased you know
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00628-00132424-00132511 and all of that
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00629-00132512-00132790 so i think the question i was asked a
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00630-00132791-00132887 couple of months back
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00631-00132888-00133087 is actually i i did say this that you
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00632-00133088-00133335 know we will find a way to coexist ott's
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00633-00133336-00133431 and theaters
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00634-00133432-00133647 will find a way to coexist and i think
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00635-00133648-00133751 that's quite evident
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00636-00133752-00134127 at this point yeah and uh in this
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00637-00134128-00134390 from the other perspective right i feel
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00638-00134391-00134511 like maybe the taste
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00639-00134512-00134743 of the audience has changed slightly do
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00640-00134744-00134871 you think that is going to affect the
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00641-00134872-00134966 production model
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00642-00134967-00135166 it may be theaters or ott maybe the
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00643-00135167-00135343 things that have been green lit could be
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00644-00135344-00135383 maybe
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00645-00135384-00135575 different than the stuff that used to be
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00646-00135576-00135783 created before you have anything
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00647-00135784-00136102 um i think you know
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00648-00136103-00136423 i also foresee when you you're right i
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00649-00136424-00136519 foresee that
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00650-00136520-00136775 there are certain genres that you look
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00651-00136776-00136943 forward to going to the theater to watch
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00652-00136944-00137190 for that visual experience on a 70 mm
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00653-00137191-00137302 with the dolby
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00654-00137303-00137575 with the sound the 5.1 you know all of
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00655-00137576-00137647 that
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00656-00137648-00137943 so uh i you know i think it is going to
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00657-00137944-00138111 be like that there are certain genres
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00658-00138112-00138327 and a certain kind of content which is
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00659-00138328-00138463 going to be made for ott
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00660-00138464-00138575 and there's certain genres and
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00661-00138576-00138759 controversial made for the theaters so
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00662-00138760-00138847 because
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00663-00138848-00139087 as i said you know as uh you know as an
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00664-00139088-00139207 ardent
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00665-00139208-00139502 uh film buff i love to go to watch
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00666-00139503-00139687 theaters for a basic reason that you
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00667-00139688-00139895 you have an environment which is created
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00668-00139896-00140199 for you which exists for you there
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00669-00140200-00140383 it's it's it's there you know either
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00670-00140384-00140583 it's it's completely audio visual for us
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00671-00140584-00140766 it's uh you know it's extremely uh
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00672-00140767-00141007 you know uh you immerse yourself in that
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00673-00141008-00141078 sitting in that
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00674-00141079-00141231 you know in the home at home and
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00675-00141232-00141375 watching you don't immerse yourself
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00676-00141376-00141535 you're watching it it's good content
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00677-00141536-00141711 okay you know it's a nice story
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00678-00141712-00141895 but you don't say oh the sound was very
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00679-00141896-00142078 nice you know the experience was very
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00680-00142079-00142151 nice
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00681-00142152-00142478 you don't say that so you know um
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00682-00142479-00142766 i think genres and the kind of content
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00683-00142767-00142926 which is going to be made is
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00684-00142927-00143223 will be i think distributed or will be
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00685-00143224-00143319 dedicated to
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00686-00143320-00143671 each of their own so yeah i see that
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00687-00143672-00143814 happening
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00688-00143815-00144007 uh i wanted to ask about your influences
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00689-00144008-00144126 right from
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00690-00144127-00144375 a filmmaking or production perspective
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00691-00144376-00144471 who would be your
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00692-00144472-00144926 biggest influences
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00693-00144927-00145375 okay all right per person
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00694-00145376-00145695 um see as i said
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00695-00145696-00146031 i've learned a lot from
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00696-00146032-00146351 you know uh uh from watching
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00697-00146352-00146711 is what i told you so i think as a child
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00698-00146712-00146919 and a teenager who was exposed
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00699-00146920-00147302 to a lot of films i remember watching
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00700-00147303-00147454 charlie chaplin's films
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00701-00147455-00147790 how in a silent genre you know they're
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00702-00147791-00147975 able to tell a story so beautifully
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00703-00147976-00148375 and so aptly i have been a big fan of
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00704-00148376-00148495 mani ratnam sir
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00705-00148496-00148823 from anjali to you know all the films i
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00706-00148824-00149063 remember anji very very clearly
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00707-00149064-00149495 and i think from then on
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00708-00149496-00149799 forrest gump i think tom hanks was one
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00709-00149800-00149878 of the first
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00710-00149879-00150159 few american actors i followed and
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00711-00150160-00150375 started watching his films
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00712-00150376-00150711 um i think from
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00713-00150712-00151102 there it went on to that was my initial
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00714-00151103-00151166 influence
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00715-00151167-00151502 watching those films was my
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00716-00151503-00151790 um initial influence from there it went
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00717-00151791-00151847 on to
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00718-00151848-00152159 a film school uh you know how film
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00719-00152160-00152214 school
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00720-00152215-00152511 influenced my classmates my tutors
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00721-00152512-00152647 people that i worked with
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00722-00152648-00152895 i've done odd jobs on short films in
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00723-00152896-00153023 london so all the people
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00724-00153024-00153366 i think uh my you know my tribe
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00725-00153367-00153775 in london influenced me from there um
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00726-00153776-00154047 you know uh in film school itself you
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00727-00154048-00154102 you know
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00728-00154103-00154271 you know i've learned a lot about akira
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00729-00154272-00154487 kurosova godard
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00730-00154488-00154790 all the world uh filmmakers uh you know
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00731-00154791-00155199 quentin tarantino um so
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00732-00155200-00155366 you know these people influenced me a
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00733-00155367-00155543 lot uh with that
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00734-00155544-00155678 you know process towards i'm only
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00735-00155679-00155895 talking about towards filmmaking i meant
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00736-00155896-00156054 like you know towards uh
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00737-00156055-00156326 uh you know you know wanting to be in
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00738-00156327-00156414 the space
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00739-00156415-00156663 and you know uh do my job and do what i
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00740-00156664-00156783 love doing
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00741-00156784-00157039 uh post which uh i think women
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00742-00157040-00157111 filmmakers
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00743-00157112-00157487 meera nairsh um you know i think was
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00744-00157488-00157790 uh salaam bombay uh monsoon wedding i
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00745-00157791-00157911 think i was in love
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00746-00157912-00158223 with her uh narratives narrative style
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00747-00158224-00158439 and how she's able to reach to the
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00748-00158440-00158559 global audiences
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00749-00158560-00158863 at one go even when ott platforms
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00750-00158864-00158935 weren't
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00751-00158936-00159111 there even then you know we didn't have
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00752-00159112-00159287 vods we didn't have
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00753-00159288-00159575 you know uh but i think she was sitting
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00754-00159576-00159631 in
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00755-00159632-00159895 a uh she's from u.s sitting in the u.s
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00756-00159896-00160054 she's able to reach the whole
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00757-00160055-00160214 uh the other countries the whole world
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00758-00160215-00160407 with her phone so that's powerful for me
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00759-00160408-00160439 and
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00760-00160440-00160702 it was quite uh you know she influenced
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00761-00160703-00160790 me a lot
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00762-00160791-00161095 um you know uh uh the recent
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00763-00161096-00161295 film siddhar congratum so i think you
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00764-00161296-00161423 know uh
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00765-00161424-00161726 she um but i think
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00766-00161727-00161983 utmost would be i think on an everyday
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00767-00161984-00162247 basis on an everyday basis my team
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00768-00162248-00162431 my team influences me because it's
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00769-00162432-00162566 always
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00770-00162567-00162854 you know uh apart from understanding
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00771-00162855-00163014 your own craft we need to also
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00772-00163015-00163239 understand the craft of our team members
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00773-00163240-00163383 and you know there's an everyday
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00774-00163384-00163559 learning everyday uh
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00775-00163560-00163838 it's a cycle you need to learn every day
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00776-00163839-00164007 so my team influences me a lot
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00777-00164008-00164254 i think it's a natural i think yeah
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00778-00164255-00164407 everyone gets influenced by their team
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00779-00164408-00164566 so yes
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00780-00164567-00164719 coming to the place what you what are
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00781-00164720-00164887 you guys working on next if your
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00782-00164888-00165047 audience would love to know or anything
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00783-00165048-00165311 you could reveal
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00784-00165312-00165631 oh yes yes yes so um it's called
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00785-00165632-00165943 unheard it's uh uh
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00786-00165944-00166175 it's the story uh it's it's actually
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00787-00166176-00166319 conversations
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00788-00166320-00166535 um i've been a fan of coffee and
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00789-00166536-00166743 cigarettes uh and i've always wanted to
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00790-00166744-00166823 watch uh
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00791-00166824-00167031 and make ink you know something with
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00792-00167032-00167247 regards to conversation
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00793-00167248-00167551 yes yes
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00794-00167552-00167990 yes yes absolutely absolutely so um
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00795-00167991-00168159 but so these are these conversations
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00796-00168160-00168335 between six people
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00797-00168336-00168543 happening in hyderabad during
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00798-00168544-00168775 pre-independence era like it starts in
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00799-00168776-00168902 1900
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00800-00168903-00169231 early 1900s to 1949.
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00801-00169232-00169543 so uh i i think many of us know that
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00802-00169544-00169654 hyderabad
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00803-00169655-00169911 wasn't uh you know part of the uh
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00804-00169912-00170087 independence time because
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00805-00170088-00170326 nizam wanted a three-nation theory you
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00806-00170327-00170502 know hyderabad was
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00807-00170503-00170807 uh incorporated into the indian uh uh
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00808-00170808-00171111 you know the whole india in 1949 two
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00809-00171112-00171295 years after independence
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00810-00171296-00171743 so uh till 1949 so early 1900 to 1949
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00811-00171744-00171926 these conversations happen
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00812-00171927-00172207 between six people like their ideologies
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00813-00172208-00172407 their perspective so these are
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00814-00172408-00172687 unheard stories unheard perspectives of
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00815-00172688-00172847 unsung heroes
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00816-00172848-00173359 of freedom yeah so it's called unheard
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00817-00173360-00173535 we're going to start with the screenings
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00818-00173536-00173751 from next month when we liked
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00819-00173752-00174126 our focus yes we're done
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00820-00174127-00174519 our first copy is ready wow yes
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00821-00174520-00174878 we it was it was done in an extremely um
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00822-00174879-00175151 you know we started in september i think
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00823-00175152-00175199 my whole
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00824-00175200-00175438 team was itching to start making
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00825-00175439-00175575 something all of us were sitting at home
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00826-00175576-00175735 for more than a year by then
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00827-00175736-00175983 or you know nine months ten months so i
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00828-00175984-00176054 used to
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00829-00176055-00176247 utilize this lockdown time to write a
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00830-00176248-00176407 lot of stories uh
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00831-00176408-00176647 you know i had three or four uh four i
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00832-00176648-00176863 think writers rooms wherein four stories
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00833-00176864-00176966 were being churned
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00834-00176967-00177126 during lockdown so this is one of the
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00835-00177127-00177271 story which
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00836-00177272-00177511 got churned and made and it's ready
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00837-00177512-00177599 right now
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00838-00177600-00177895 can't wait to watch yeah apart from that
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00839-00177896-00177926 have
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00840-00177927-00178183 season two of god so that we are working
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00841-00178184-00178278 on right now
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00842-00178279-00178526 story is being written and we're quite
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00843-00178527-00178671 excited we're looking at a year and
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00844-00178672-00178759 release
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00845-00178760-00178959 for that so we're quite excited so you
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00846-00178960-00179102 want to produce it this year finish it
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00847-00179103-00179263 this year
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00848-00179264-00179883 yes yes yes that's always very ambitious
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00849-00179884-00180319 [Laughter]
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00850-00180320-00180543 so finally one thing i wanted to ask was
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00851-00180544-00180671 like see this there's a lot of
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00852-00180672-00180823 filmmakers who always stream for
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00853-00180824-00181007 a producer who thinks from a filmmaking
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00854-00181008-00181159 perspective right
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00855-00181160-00181566 so i would like you to give an advice to
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00856-00181567-00181878 future upcoming producers one thing that
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00857-00181879-00182047 they should concentrate on or think
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00858-00182048-00182519 about when coming into production maybe
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00859-00182520-00182823 um as i said
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00860-00182824-00183143 i think one thing i tell myself is
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00861-00183144-00183559 be epic you know every work
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00862-00183560-00183847 every work uh you know art piece that
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00863-00183848-00183878 you
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00864-00183879-00184166 uh produce has to be epic the ambition
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00865-00184167-00184351 should be that for sure i think
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00866-00184352-00184759 uh uh and you know
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00867-00184760-00184887 you know when you're learning as i said
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00868-00184888-00185071 when you're learning your craft
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00869-00185072-00185238 i think you also need to learn the craft
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00870-00185239-00185414 of others how they're doing it
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00871-00185415-00185663 and you know it's a teamwork and you
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00872-00185664-00185799 know um
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00873-00185800-00185999 one can be ambitious but one shouldn't
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00874-00186000-00186183 be reckless so there's a difference
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00875-00186184-00186247 between
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00876-00186248-00186431 being ambitious and you know being
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00877-00186432-00186575 reckless so
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00878-00186576-00186999 uh so that's that's that and just
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00879-00187000-00187199 i think believe in your self your
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00880-00187200-00187350 intuitions
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00881-00187351-00187654 um i think all of us have that
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00882-00187655-00187895 we believe in ourselves we have that
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00883-00187896-00188143 perseverance and patience to follow
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00884-00188144-00188359 because this is not an easy place to be
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00885-00188360-00188566 in it tests your patience
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00886-00188567-00188943 it tests your perseverance so
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00887-00188944-00189254 yeah passion perseverance and patience i
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00888-00189255-00189311 guess
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00889-00189312-00189463 yeah three piece i've just coined it
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00890-00189464-00189911 right now yeah
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00891-00189912-00190271 yeah yes so i think um
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00892-00190272-00190483 but that was really great like a great
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00893-00190484-00191854 conversation
+1sJX6oaLPuQ-00894-00191855-00192184 thank you
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00000-00000035-00000337 Space Mountain sometimes known as
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00001-00000338-00000805 hyperspace Mountain from 2015 to 2018 is
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00002-00000806-00001129 an indoor space themed rollercoaster in
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00003-00001130-00001370 Tomorrowland at Disneyland in Anaheim
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00004-00001371-00002039 California opened on May 27th 1977 it
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00005-00002039-00002291 was the second roller coaster built at
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00006-00002292-00002540 Disneyland and was the second of the
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00007-00002541-00002822 five versions of Space Mountain built by
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00008-00002823-00003008 the Walt Disney Company
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00009-00003009-00003340 its exterior facade is one of
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00010-00003342-00003745 Disneyland's four mountain structures
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00011-00003746-00004202 that serve as Park landmarks Walt Disney
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00012-00004203-00004490 originally conceived the idea of a space
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00013-00004491-00004720 themed roller coaster for Disneyland
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00014-00004721-00004988 following the success of the Matterhorn
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00015-00004989-00005543 bobsleds which opened in 1959 however a
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00016-00005544-00005768 number of factors including lack of
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00017-00005769-00006079 available space Walt Disney's death and
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00018-00006080-00006365 the Disney company's focus on building
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00019-00006366-00006628 what would become Walt Disney World led
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00020-00006629-00006859 to the project's postponement in the
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00021-00006861-00007328 late 1960s after the early success of
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00022-00007329-00007546 the Magic Kingdom park at Walt Disney
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00023-00007547-00007642 World
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00024-00007643-00007844 Disney revived the Space Mountain
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00025-00007845-00008105 project and opened the first space
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00026-00008106-00008551 mountain at the Magic Kingdom in 1975
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00027-00008552-00008942 soon after Disney began plans to build a
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00028-00008943-00009176 smaller version of Space Mountain at
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00029-00009177-00009470 Disneyland and open Disneyland Space
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00030-00009471-00009931 Mountain in 1977 the design of
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00031-00009932-00010181 Disneyland Space Mountain was replicated
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00032-00010182-00010634 at Tokyo Disneyland in 1983 and Hong
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00033-00010635-00011033 Kong Disneyland in 2005 the Tokyo
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00034-00011034-00011346 version was significantly changed in
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00035-00011347-00011609 2006 to become more similar to
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00036-00011610-00012109 refurbished 2009 Magic Kingdom version
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00037-00012110-00012442 Space Mountain has undergone a number of
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00038-00012443-00012728 major upgrades and refurbishments over
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00039-00012729-00012958 the years including the addition of an
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00040-00012959-00013386 onboard soundtrack in 1996 repainting
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00041-00013387-00013896 of the exterior in 1997 and 2003 and a
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00042-00013897-00014136 complete replacement of the original
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00043-00014137-00014528 track and ride vehicles from 2003 to
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00044-00014529-00015014 2005 it has also been given a third roof
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00045-00015015-00015344 up the mountain during late 2013 and
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00046-00015345-00015556 early 2014
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00047-00015557-00015897 every September during Halloween time at
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00048-00015897-00016133 Disneyland the mountain is given
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00049-00016134-00016439 projections for the ghost galaxy event
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00050-00016440-00016899 most recently in November 2015 Space
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00051-00016900-00017142 Mountain was given a new overlay and
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00052-00017143-00017459 theme in anticipation for Star Wars The
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00053-00017460-00017608 Force awakens
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00054-00017609-00017894 the attraction takes the name of
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00055-00017895-00018177 hyperspace mountain during Tomorrowland
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00056-00018178-00018567 season of the force following a two-day
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00057-00018568-00018881 closure the original Space Mountain was
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00058-00018882-00019346 restored and reopened on June 1st 2017
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00059-00019347-00019706 however hyperspace Mountain returned on
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00060-00019707-00020094 May 4th 2018 before reopening a Space
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00061-00020095-00020983 Mountain once again on June 4th 2018
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00062-00020984-00021852 topic history
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00063-00021853-00022224 topic concept and Walt Disney World
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00064-00022225-00022812 version the early success of the
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00065-00022813-00023174 Matterhorn bobsleds opened in 1959
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00066-00023175-00023457 convinced Walt Disney that thrill rides
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00067-00023458-00023985 did have a place in Disneyland in 1964
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00068-00023986-00024258 Walt Disney first approached designer
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00069-00024259-00024531 John hench with an idea for an indoor
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00070-00024532-00024897 dark roller coaster the roller coasters
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00071-00024898-00025158 design evolved over the next couple of
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00072-00025159-00025578 years and the name space mountain was
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00073-00025579-00026014 first used for the concept in June 1966
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00074-00026016-00026355 the design was later deemed impossible
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00075-00026356-00026631 due to technological limitations as well
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00076-00026632-00026889 as the limited space available at
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00077-00026889-00027233 Disneyland Walt Disney's death in
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00078-00027235-00027614 December 1966 as well as the company's
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00079-00027616-00027906 focus on the Disney World project led
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00080-00027907-00028127 the company to shelve the Space Mountain
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00081-00028129-00028439 project like Disneyland the Magic
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00082-00028441-00028689 Kingdom also lacked thrill rides at the
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00083-00028689-00029232 time of its opening in 1971 however the
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00084-00029233-00029517 Park became unexpectedly popular with
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00085-00029518-00029769 teenagers and young adults and as a
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00086-00029770-00030087 result Disney began plans to add thrill
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00087-00030088-00030468 rides there as well designers determined
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00088-00030469-00030708 that the Magic Kingdom's Fantasyland
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00089-00030708-00030987 lacked the necessary space to replicate
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00090-00030988-00031251 Disneyland's Matterhorn but noted a
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00091-00031252-00031479 large amount of space available in
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00092-00031480-00031857 Tomorrowland this coupled with advances
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00093-00031858-00032124 in technology since the project was
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00094-00032125-00032390 shelved led Disney to revive the Space
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00095-00032391-00032754 Mountain project the original Space
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00096-00032755-00033092 Mountain opened at the Magic Kingdom in
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00097-00033093-00033483 1975 and its early success led Disney to
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00098-00033484-00033726 revisit the idea of building Space
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00099-00033727-00034115 Mountain at Disneyland Disneyland Space
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00100-00034116-00034404 Mountain was designed by Bill Watkins of
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00101-00034405-00034677 Walt Disney Imagineering including a
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00102-00034678-00034986 tubular steel track design awarded US
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00103-00034987-00035273 patent for million twenty-nine
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00104-00035274-00035736 9019 because of space limitations the
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00105-00035737-00035996 dual track layout of the Magic Kingdom's
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00106-00035997-00036270 Space Mountain was not replicated at
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00107-00036271-00036534 Disneyland and a much smaller building
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00108-00036535-00037404 was constructed topic opening and early
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00109-00037405-00038037 years the second Space Mountain opened
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00110-00038038-00038448 in 1977 invigorating a decade old
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00111-00038449-00038732 Tomorrowland as Disneyland second
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00112-00038733-00039146 rollercoaster the $20,000,000 complex
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00113-00039147-00039456 opened May 27th including the roller
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00114-00039457-00040068 coaster 1,100 seat space stage 670 seat
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00115-00040069-00040337 space place restaurant and the starcade
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00116-00040338-00040668 video arcade six of the original seven
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00117-00040669-00040914 mercury astronauts attended space
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00118-00040915-00041249 mountains opening scott Carpenter Gordon
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00119-00041250-00041558 Cooper Senator John Glenn Wally schirra
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00120-00041559-00041964 Alan Shepard and deke Slayton the lone
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00121-00041965-00042255 exception was Gus Grissom who had died
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00122-00042256-00042518 along with two other astronauts in a
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00123-00042519-00042871 tragic launchpad fire ten years earlier
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00124-00042872-00043187 largely due in part to the opening of
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00125-00043188-00043461 Space Mountain the Memorial Day Day
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00126-00043462-00043842 attendance record was set with 185
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00127-00043843-00044096 thousand five hundred guests over the
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00128-00044097-00044324 three-day period the attraction
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00129-00044325-00044596 continued operating without much change
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00130-00044597-00044904 sponsors would come and go and various
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00131-00044905-00045186 minor changes including the addition of
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00132-00045187-00045627 a goodyear speed ramp moving sidewalk in
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00133-00045628-00046039 the entrance happened without fanfare in
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00134-00046040-00046415 1995 FedEx which had by this time was
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00135-00046416-00046637 holding sponsorship for the Magic
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00136-00046638-00046887 Kingdom's Space Mountain became the
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00137-00046888-00047177 official sponsor for the ride sparking a
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00138-00047178-00047495 number of significant alterations the
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00139-00047496-00047846 queue area was revamped with television
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00140-00047847-00048123 monitors looping safety videos the
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00141-00048124-00048352 loading station had a new audio
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00142-00048353-00048613 animatronic robot FedEx were
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00143-00048614-00048883 and other scenic areas were modeled to
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00144-00048884-00049725 include FedEx trademarks topic
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00145-00049726-00050560 soundtrack in 1996 composer a a Rin
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00146-00050561-00050830 Richard and show producer eddie sato
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00147-00050831-00051115 teamed up to create an onboard music
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00148-00051116-00051463 track the creative vision was to fuse
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00149-00051464-00051850 two iconic musical forms of the 1960s
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00150-00051851-00052213 sci-fi horror music and surf music into
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00151-00052214-00052594 a sensory ride experience all of the
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00152-00052595-00052987 music written for the 1996 version was
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00153-00052988-00053337 based on their Carnaval des anime o
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00154-00053338-00053661 aquarium the Carnival of the animals
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00155-00053662-00054066 written by Camille saint-saens the first
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00156-00054067-00054301 section of the rides music was
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00157-00054302-00054579 synthesized and entirely devoted to the
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00158-00054580-00054865 sci-fi aspect as the Rockets left the
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00159-00054866-00055116 station to begin their slow climb to the
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00160-00055117-00055507 top of the mountain after the vehicles
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00161-00055508-00055771 crested the third lift Hill a rocking
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00162-00055772-00056035 surf rendition of the piece kicked in as
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00163-00056036-00056290 gravity pulls the vehicles down through
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00164-00056291-00056572 the rides into weaving terns hills and
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00165-00056573-00056959 dips guitarist Dick Dale was brought
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00166-00056960-00057229 into the Disney Imagineering recording
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00167-00057229-00057492 studio to play his famous surf guitar
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00168-00057494-00057757 riffs for this section of the music as
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00169-00057758-00057966 the Rockets re-entered the loading
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00170-00057967-00058305 station a brief musical finale concluded
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00171-00058307-00058582 the experience with a soft synthesized
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00172-00058583-00059209 rendition of aquarium in 2005 the Dick
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00173-00059210-00059458 Dale soundtrack was replaced by an
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00174-00059459-00059746 original composition by composer Michael
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00175-00059747-00060046 Giacchino that is synchronized to the
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00176-00060047-00060388 track like the former soundtrack the
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00177-00060389-00060688 opening portion has a sci-fi sound with
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00178-00060689-00060958 terima influences during the ascent
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00179-00060959-00061222 switching to a beat-driven score during
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00180-00061223-00061420 the high-speed sections of the
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00181-00061421-00061989 attraction
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00182-00061990-00062902 topic renovations in 1997 the exterior
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00183-00062903-00063160 of the structure was painted in a green
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00184-00063161-00063460 gold copper and bronze to match the
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00185-00063461-00063733 recent facelift to Tomorrowland and the
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00186-00063734-00063997 Goodyear speed ramp was removed but the
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00187-00063998-00064282 main ride itself was unchanged space
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00188-00064283-00064522 mountains changes were rather minor
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00189-00064523-00064857 compared to other changes made in the
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00190-00064858-00065419 1997 1998 facelift the ride closed
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00191-00065420-00065815 suddenly on April 10 2003 with an
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00192-00065816-00066049 announcement that it would remain closed
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00193-00066050-00066484 until Disneyland's 50th anniversary the
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00194-00066485-00066754 ride had become unstable and would need
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00195-00066755-00067120 a complete tract replacement on June
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00196-00067121-00067543 25th 2005 Disneyland surprised its
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00197-00067544-00067795 guests by announcing that the reopening
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00198-00067796-00068041 of Space Mountain would open early on
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00199-00068042-00068332 July 15th instead of the projected
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00200-00068333-00068875 November date on July 15 2005 with soft
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00201-00068876-00069346 openings starting July 1st only two days
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00202-00069347-00069628 before Disneyland's official 50th
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00203-00069629-00069943 anniversary Space Mountain reopened from
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00204-00069944-00070204 a major refurbishment that started in
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00205-00070205-00070693 April 2003 the mountain was restored to
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00206-00070694-00071017 its original white a reopening ceremony
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00207-00071018-00071317 was held that day which featured a guest
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00208-00071318-00071629 speaker Neil Armstrong who received a
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00209-00071630-00071935 plaque that read presented to mr. Neil
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00210-00071936-00072160 Armstrong for his courage and
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00211-00072161-00072454 adventurous spirit that continues to
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00212-00072455-00072751 inspire all mankind to reach for the
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00213-00072752-00073174 stars the plaque also features the
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00214-00073175-00073519 Disney quote it's kind of fun to do the
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00215-00073520-00073834 impossible the new Space Mountain
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00216-00073835-00074176 featured new rocket sleds new special
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00217-00074177-00074569 effects and a storyline the completely
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00218-00074570-00074866 rebuilt track is exactly the same layout
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00219-00074867-00075112 as originally designed by Walt Disney
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00220-00075113-00075223 imagined
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00221-00075224-00075738 bill Watkins in 1976 the only original
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00222-00075739-00076162 track from the 1977 ride extends from
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00223-00076163-00076405 the back end of the station to the top
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00224-00076406-00076663 of third lifts and the storage and spur
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00225-00076664-00076966 tracks as evidenced by the weld marks on
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00226-00076967-00077191 these two track sections where the
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00227-00077192-00077410 original and new tracks were joined
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00228-00077411-00077815 together the foundation was laid 30 feet
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00229-00077816-00078057 deeper and floor of the mountain was
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00230-00078058-00078361 lowered about 10 feet to make evacuation
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00231-00078362-00078646 procedures easier making the ride much
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00232-00078647-00078813 safer than before
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00233-00078814-00079169 the Rockets no longer glow in the dark
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00234-00079170-00079498 before it had a major renovation the
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00235-00079499-00079768 ride was manufactured by Fabri weld
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00236-00079769-00080122 bending company after it had a major
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00237-00080123-00080413 renovation it was manufactured by
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00238-00080414-00080959 dynamic structures in 2015 the ride was
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00239-00080960-00081219 given a star wars overlay titled
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00240-00081220-00081505 hyperspace mountain which has come and
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00241-00081506-00081841 gone over the years among the changes
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00242-00081842-00082075 are that the ride vehicles are now
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00243-00082076-00082425 referred to as reconnaissance vessels
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00244-00082426-00082774 the setting being the planet jakku from
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00245-00082775-00083050 star wars the force awakens and the
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00246-00083051-00083326 pre-fight safety video featuring a
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00247-00083327-00083707 briefing from admiral ackbar in 2018 the
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00248-00083708-00083956 standby queue was extended into the
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00249-00083957-00084178 upper level of the former stockade
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00250-00084179-00084457 featuring a large futuristic Space
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00251-00084458-00084736 Telescope on display amongst the stark
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00252-00084737-00085749 aides original 1977 murals topic
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00253-00085750-00086286 experienced
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00254-00086287-00086538 begins in the loading station where
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00255-00086539-00086901 guests board the trains once the trains
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00256-00086902-00087129 are loaded they move forward to a
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00257-00087130-00087423 holding area where a lap bar check is
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00258-00087424-00087693 made and so the Train may wait it's turn
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00259-00087694-00088041 to start the circuit when the rocket is
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00260-00088042-00088239 released the red strobe lights
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00261-00088240-00088488 surrounding the Train flash and it makes
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00262-00088489-00088755 a right turn before climbing the first
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00263-00088756-00089133 lift Hill at the top two strobe lights
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00264-00089134-00089382 flash on and the rockets enter a tunnel
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00265-00089383-00089655 of flashing blue lights to signify the
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00266-00089656-00090048 transfer of power to the trains leaving
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00267-00090049-00090306 the tunnel the train then climbs the
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00268-00090307-00090573 second lift Hill a long tunnel filled
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00269-00090574-00090945 with screens as the trains begin their
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00270-00090946-00091173 climb red beams stretch along the
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00271-00091174-00091464 screens and spin as a galaxy is seen
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00272-00091465-00091692 swirling at the very top of the tunnel
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00273-00091693-00092097 as the trains crest the lift the galaxy
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00274-00092098-00092445 swells up and vanishes the music
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00275-00092446-00092727 climaxes as the trains emerge into the
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00276-00092728-00092994 main part of the ride the inside of the
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00277-00092995-00093363 dome trains make a u-turn before
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00278-00093364-00093680 ascending one more small lift Hill a
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00279-00093681-00093999 countdown begins as the vehicles crest
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00280-00094000-00094236 the hill and the Rockets are sent into a
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00281-00094237-00094578 high-speed ride through the dome the
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00282-00094579-00094857 ride consists of many turns and small
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00283-00094858-00095145 dips with the illusion of speed given by
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00284-00095146-00095337 the fact that the track is barely
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00285-00095338-00095661 visible to the riders the ride
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00286-00095662-00095910 approaches the end by plunging in a
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00287-00095911-00096162 series of tight right-hand turns
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00288-00096163-00096537 gradually picking up speed with a sudden
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00289-00096538-00096606 left turn
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00290-00096607-00096879 the trains enter the re-entry tunnel
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00291-00096880-00097182 with many colorful stars flying towards
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00292-00097183-00097434 them and two flashes of light as the on
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00293-00097435-00097842 ride photo is taken the trains hit the
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00294-00097843-00098106 final brake run and make a final right
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00295-00098107-00098842 you turn back into the station
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00296-00098843-00099616 topic rockin Space Mountain also part of
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00297-00099617-00100006 this major new Space Mountain was a
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00298-00100007-00100225 nighttime transformation of the
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00299-00100226-00100492 attraction to rock and Space Mountain in
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00300-00100493-00100705 which the Karma soundtrack of the
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00301-00100706-00100963 attraction in daytime hours was to be
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00302-00100964-00101206 replaced at night by a driving Rock
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00303-00101207-00101511 soundtrack and different special effects
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00304-00101512-00101842 the original version of rockin Space
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00305-00101843-00102073 Mountain called rocket mountain
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00306-00102074-00102478 premiered for grad night 2006 as part of
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00307-00102479-00102856 the happiest homecoming on earth rock
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00308-00102857-00103132 and Space Mountain premiered during the
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00309-00103133-00103611 year of a million dreams celebration and
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00310-00103613-00103930 was promoted alongside rockin California
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00311-00103931-00104211 screamin a similar modification to
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00312-00104213-00104508 Disney California Adventure Park Scalla
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00313-00104509-00104794 fornia screamin rollercoaster began
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00314-00104795-00105501 January 3rd 2007 and ended April 26 2007
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00315-00105502-00105796 contrary to the original plans for the
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00316-00105797-00106189 attraction to only be rockin in the
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00317-00106190-00106588 evening Rock and Space Mountain ran
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00318-00106589-00106860 during all operating hours of the park
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00319-00106861-00107211 Rock and Space Mountain does not use the
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00320-00107213-00107488 Dick Dale soundtrack this soundtrack
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00321-00107489-00107824 however makes one final appearance on
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00322-00107825-00108232 Disneyland 60th anniversary 3 CD box set
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00323-00108233-00108892 on December 28 2006 Disneyland announced
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00324-00108893-00109133 that the soundtrack to be featured for
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00325-00109134-00109555 rockin both parks are two songs by the
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00326-00109556-00109884 Red Hot Chili Peppers Space Mountain
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00327-00109885-00110226 received an edited version of the Bands
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00328-00110227-00110731 1989 song higher ground the song has
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00329-00110732-00111058 been remixed to heighten every twist
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00330-00111058-00111471 turn rise and drop of the attraction
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00331-00111472-00111799 rock and space mountains counterpart at
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00332-00111800-00112024 Disney's California Adventure
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00333-00112025-00112231 Rock and California scream
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00334-00112232-00112503 man uses a remixed version of the Red
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00335-00112504-00112906 Hot Chili Peppers around the world the
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00336-00112907-00113173 main differences between the regular and
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00337-00113174-00113400 rock and Space Mountain include a
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00338-00113401-00113664 different soundtrack new projections
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00339-00113665-00113886 within the mountain and many lights
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00340-00113888-00114261 alongside the track riders begin their
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00341-00114263-00114697 journey with Uncle Joe Benson a radio
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00342-00114698-00115104 disc jockey from the disney-owned 95.5
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00343-00115105-00115539 Klos introducing the riders to the space
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00344-00115540-00115849 stage where the Red Hot Chili Peppers
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00345-00115850-00116301 will be broad blasting live just like
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00346-00116302-00116572 the original the star tunnel was there
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00347-00116573-00117036 the rocket rockers continue the flight
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00348-00117037-00117424 weather sound check with guitar riffs
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00349-00117425-00117663 accompanied by projections of bright
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00350-00117664-00118048 colors and sound waves while looking up
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00351-00118049-00118345 the second lift Hill the spiral galaxy
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00352-00118346-00118662 is no longer in place but instead riders
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00353-00118663-00119112 see a Sun going Nova finally once riders
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00354-00119113-00119490 crest the lift the Sun explodes once on
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00355-00119491-00119835 the 180 degree turn next to the asteroid
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00356-00119836-00120200 there is a few seconds of no screaming
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00357-00120201-00120537 this allows riders to hear the sound of
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00358-00120538-00120789 screaming riders and the soundtrack from
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00359-00120790-00121096 other trains in the mountain the
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00360-00121097-00121335 soundtrack then transitions into the
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00361-00121336-00121744 song higher ground at the bottom of the
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00362-00121745-00122075 third lift hill during this lift Hill
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00363-00122076-00122502 uncle Joe Benson comes back to say no
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00364-00122503-00122724 matter which planet you're from we're
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00365-00122725-00123051 about to rock your world and it's all
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00366-00123052-00123429 gonna happen in five four three two rock
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00367-00123430-00123810 and roll some of the new special effects
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00368-00123811-00124028 include coloured strobe lights
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00369-00124029-00124294 projections of dancers and other bright
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00370-00124295-00124734 visualizer images many colored lights
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00371-00124735-00125028 line the tracks strobing in sequence and
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00372-00125029-00125387 projecting on walls and the surroundings
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00373-00125388-00125591 re-entry and the station
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00374-00125592-00125873 remain mostly unchanged except for some
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00375-00125874-00126179 added instruments drum set air electric
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00376-00126180-00126497 guitar etc floating in space with the
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00377-00126498-00126896 astronaut in the planet orbit screen
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00378-00126897-00127223 another notable change to the station is
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00379-00127224-00127601 that they neon lights that flash when a
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00380-00127602-00127988 rocket train is launched to the right
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00381-00127989-00128240 remain on and do not shut off which
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00382-00128241-00128551 makes the station a tad bit brighter
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00383-00128552-00128921 also the front attraction sign included
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00384-00128922-00129425 rockin above Space Mountain while a
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00385-00129426-00129685 color changing light illuminated the
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00386-00129686-00130064 spire above the sign at night the design
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00387-00130065-00130328 of the on ride photos were changed as
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00388-00130329-00130574 well which included the rock and Space
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00389-00130575-00130861 Mountain logo and many musical notes
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00390-00130863-00131714 floating in space around riders topic
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00391-00131715-00132360 Space Mountain ghost galaxies
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00392-00132361-00132614 after the failure of Space Mountain
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00393-00132615-00133068 nightmare nebula on October 2007 another
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00394-00133069-00133350 transformation took place in the form of
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00395-00133351-00133593 a scary replacement called Space
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00396-00133594-00133884 Mountain ghost galaxy which includes
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00397-00133885-00134148 special effects ghosts in space
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00398-00134149-00134424 new audio and projections on the outer
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00399-00134425-00134784 mountain of the building the overlay was
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00400-00134785-00135003 first featured at Hong Kong Disneyland
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00401-00135004-00135570 in 2007 it was a huge success so they
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00402-00135571-00135834 decided to bring it to Disneyland for
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00403-00135835-00136164 Halloween time 2009 and returned
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00404-00136165-00136553 seasonally every year noticeable
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00405-00136554-00136803 modifications to the ride include a
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00406-00136804-00137061 change in lighting during the first lift
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00407-00137062-00137343 the dimming of the hyperspeed tunnel the
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00408-00137344-00137601 addition of lightning visuals during the
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00409-00137602-00137874 second lift and ghostly images inside
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00410-00137875-00138264 the mountain itself these ghostly images
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00411-00138265-00138582 interact with the rocket trains swiping
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00412-00138583-00138945 chasing and throwing the trains around
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00413-00138946-00139311 the mountain the star field is unchanged
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00414-00139312-00139584 even though the re-entry tunnel is the
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00415-00139585-00139881 same a skull shaped nebula appears as
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00416-00139882-00140133 the trains make a right-hand turn back
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00417-00140134-00140544 into the station two-thirds of the queue
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00418-00140545-00140772 have been unchanged but the Space
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00419-00140773-00141048 Mountain sign is now changed to ghost
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00420-00141049-00141471 galaxies inside the spaceport the planet
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00421-00141472-00141711 screen at the front of the station has
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00422-00141712-00141960 been changed to reflect the overlay as
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00423-00141961-00142367 well while viewing the planet a green
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00424-00142368-00142763 storm appears over the planet causing
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00425-00142764-00143025 interruptions to the video feed
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00426-00143026-00143315 static appears then a blue screen
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00427-00143316-00143580 reminiscent of the windows blue screen
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00428-00143581-00144021 of death saying signal lost searching
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00429-00144022-00144774 and signal established outside on the
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00430-00144775-00145050 mountain six projections play with
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00431-00145051-00145314 several Halloween themed color schemes
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00432-00145315-00145711 appearing between these projection shows
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00433-00145712-00145981 the first projection shows the mountain
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00434-00145982-00146236 becoming a dull gray with cracks and
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00435-00146237-00146581 breaks forming on the mountain then a
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00436-00146582-00146800 green grid shows meaning to be
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00437-00146801-00147199 reconstructed the second projection
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00438-00147200-00147490 shows an alien arm resembling the Nebula
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00439-00147491-00147709 ghost running and pushing against the
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00440-00147710-00148069 mountain from the inside the third
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00441-00148070-00148348 projection shows yellow scratch marks
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00442-00148349-00148699 appearing on the mountain the fourth
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00443-00148700-00148939 projection shows lightning bolts
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00444-00148940-00149125 shooting up the left side of the
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00445-00149126-00149368 mountain then the right the middle and
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00446-00149369-00149718 finally the entire mountain itself a
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00447-00149719-00150004 green grid then appears at the top
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00448-00150005-00150343 section of the mountain the fifth
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00449-00150344-00150577 projection shows the mountain being
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00450-00150578-00150838 turned into a radar with red blotches
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00451-00150839-00151099 appearing on the mountain resembling
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00452-00151100-00151522 activity of the nebula ghost the sixth
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00453-00151523-00151777 and more rare projection turns the
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00454-00151778-00152056 entire mountain into a space scene with
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00455-00152057-00152326 swirling stars and nebulas projected
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00456-00152327-00153181 across the surface topic hyperspace
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00457-00153182-00153575 mountain
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00458-00153576-00154067 on November 14 2015 a star wars-themed
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00459-00154068-00154340 overlay known as hyperspace Mountain
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00460-00154341-00154673 debuted as part of season of the force
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00461-00154674-00155072 an event celebrating the release of Star
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00462-00155073-00155456 Wars The Force awakens the overlay
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00463-00155457-00155711 featured a soundtrack with selections
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00464-00155712-00155969 from John Williams's score of the Star
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00465-00155970-00156266 Wars films with projections depicting a
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00466-00156267-00156551 mission towards the planet jakku a site
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00467-00156552-00156836 introduced during the force awakens to
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00468-00156837-00157097 investigate the presence of an imperial
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00469-00157098-00157376 class Star Destroyer is commanded by
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00470-00157377-00157598 Admiral Ackbar flight through a
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00471-00157599-00157889 hyperspace jump and battles with x-wings
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00472-00157890-00158237 and TIE fighters the overlay was
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00473-00158238-00158630 temporarily removed on september 6 2016
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00474-00158631-00159032 for the ghost galaxy recreation the
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00475-00159033-00159275 overlay was brought back the following
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00476-00159276-00159560 November then was removed again on June
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00477-00159561-00160091 1st 2017 hyperspace Mountain returned on
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00478-00160092-00160487 May 4th 2018 for Disneyland Star Wars
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00479-00160488-00161425 night event lasting until June 3rd 2018
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00480-00161426-00162199 topic accessibility information the
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00481-00162200-00162433 park website lists for guests to
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00482-00162434-00162700 transfer from wheelchair or electric
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00483-00162701-00163033 convenience vehicle by themselves or
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00484-00163034-00163264 with assistance by members of their
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00485-00163265-00163684 party a maximum of three groups can ride
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00486-00163685-00163960 at a time or a maximum of twelve people
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00487-00163961-00164344 if three or fewer groups a track
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00488-00164345-00164707 transfer table installed for the 2005
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00489-00164708-00164965 reopening permits positioning of a
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00490-00164966-00165238 rocket at the ready platform enabling
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00491-00165239-00165541 unlimited time for accessibility loading
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00492-00165542-00165763 and unloading contrary to the time
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00493-00165764-00166614 critical ambulatory guests load process
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00494-00166615-00167653 topic incidents on August 14th 1979 a 31
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00495-00167654-00167917 year old woman became ill after riding
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00496-00167918-00168355 Space Mountain at the unload area she
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00497-00168356-00168618 was unable to exit the vehicle
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00498-00168619-00168910 although employees told her to stay
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00499-00168911-00169147 seated while the vehicle was removed
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00500-00169148-00169429 from the track other ride operators did
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00501-00169430-00169627 not realize that her vehicle was
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00502-00169628-00169897 supposed to be removed and sent her
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00503-00169898-00170230 through the ride a second time she
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00504-00170231-00170445 arrived at the unloading zone
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00505-00170446-00170713 semi-conscious the victim was
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00506-00170714-00170953 subsequently taken to Palm Harbor
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00507-00170954-00171193 hospital where she remained in a coma
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00508-00171194-00171601 and died one week later the coroner's
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00509-00171602-00171868 report attributed the death to natural
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00510-00171869-00172180 causes a heart tumor had dislodged and
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00511-00172181-00172546 entered her brain a subsequent lawsuit
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00512-00172547-00172924 against the park was dismissed in 1983
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00513-00172925-00173224 an 18 year old man from quartz Hill
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00514-00173225-00173539 California fell off Space Mountain and
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00515-00173540-00173806 was paralyzed from the waist down
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00516-00173807-00174184 a jury verdict found that Disneyland was
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00517-00174185-00174433 blameless in the accident that left the
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00518-00174434-00174829 teenager partially paralyzed during the
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00519-00174830-00175114 trial the jury was taken to the park to
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00520-00175115-00175387 ride Space Mountain and several of the
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00521-00175388-00175588 cars were brought into the court
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00522-00175589-00175831 room to demonstrate how they work on
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00523-00175832-00176217 August 2nd 2009 people suffered minor
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00524-00176218-00176473 injuries when a wheel on a Space
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00525-00176474-00176746 Mountain car became dislodged and the
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00526-00176747-00177037 ride safety control systems caused the
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00527-00177038-00177394 train to stop abruptly this was space
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00528-00177395-00177682 mountains first mechanical problem since
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00529-00177683-00178255 its opening in 1977 in April 2013 Disney
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00530-00178256-00178504 voluntarily closed space Mountain
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00531-00178505-00178765 Matterhorn bobsleds and Soarin over
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00532-00178766-00179146 California due to OSHA related issues so
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00533-00179147-00179404 employee safety protocols could be
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00534-00179405-00179767 reviewed downtime for each attraction
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00535-00179768-00179989 differed with Space Mountain being
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00536-00179990-00180346 closed the longest at one month the
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00537-00180347-00180601 safety review stemmed from seven OSHA
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00538-00180602-00180838 finds that were initiated from a
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00539-00180839-00181204 contractor injury in November 2012 where
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00540-00181205-00181441 the worker fell down the outside of the
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00541-00181442-00181645 Space Mountain building and broke
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00542-00181646-00182134 several bones On January 29th 2019 a man
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00543-00182135-00182398 was on the Space Mountain roller coaster
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00544-00182399-00182650 in Disneyland when he climbed out of the
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00545-00182651-00182866 ride and jumped down while it was moving
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00546-00182867-00183256 in its ascent up the lift hill the man
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00547-00183257-00184456 was uninjured topic see also incidents
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00548-00184457-00184756 at Disneyland Resort section Space
+1tIRAtSTxCY-00549-00184757-00185377 Mountain list of Disneyland attractions
+1vJObXkH1oY-00000-00000052-00000290 the highest-ranking Bishops in Eastern
+1vJObXkH1oY-00001-00000291-00000540 Orthodoxy oriental orthodoxy the
+1vJObXkH1oY-00002-00000541-00000755 catholic church above major Archbishop
+1vJObXkH1oY-00003-00000756-00000929 and primate and the Church of the East
+1vJObXkH1oY-00004-00000930-00001107 are termed patriarchs and in certain
+1vJObXkH1oY-00005-00001108-00001431 cases also Pope's the word is derived
+1vJObXkH1oY-00006-00001432-00001680 from Greek patriarchs patriarchs meaning
+1vJObXkH1oY-00007-00001680-00002025 chief or father of a family a compound
+1vJObXkH1oY-00008-00002026-00002291 of patria patria meaning family an
+1vJObXkH1oY-00009-00002292-00002693 arcane arcane meaning to rule originally
+1vJObXkH1oY-00010-00002694-00002900 a patriarch was a man who exercised
+1vJObXkH1oY-00011-00002901-00003125 autocratic authority as a Pater familias
+1vJObXkH1oY-00012-00003126-00003429 over an extended family the system of
+1vJObXkH1oY-00013-00003429-00003660 such rule of families by senior males is
+1vJObXkH1oY-00014-00003661-00003936 termed patriarchy historically a
+1vJObXkH1oY-00015-00003936-00004143 patriarchy has often been the logical
+1vJObXkH1oY-00016-00004144-00004347 choice to act as ethnic of the community
+1vJObXkH1oY-00017-00004348-00004560 identified with his religious confession
+1vJObXkH1oY-00018-00004561-00004761 within a state or empire of a different
+1vJObXkH1oY-00019-00004762-00004926 Creed such as Christians within the
+1vJObXkH1oY-00020-00004927-00005190 Ottoman Empire the term developed an
+1vJObXkH1oY-00021-00005191-00005364 ecclesiastical meaning within the
+1vJObXkH1oY-00022-00005365-00005568 Christian Church the office in the
+1vJObXkH1oY-00023-00005569-00005769 ecclesiastical circumscription of a
+1vJObXkH1oY-00024-00005770-00005931 Christian patriarch is termed a
+1vJObXkH1oY-00025-00005932-00006297 patriarch at Abraham Isaac and Jacob are
+1vJObXkH1oY-00026-00006298-00006485 referred to as the three patriarchs of
+1vJObXkH1oY-00027-00006486-00006666 the people of Israel and the period
+1vJObXkH1oY-00028-00006667-00006819 during which they lived as termed the
+1vJObXkH1oY-00029-00006820-00007098 patriarchal age the word patriarch
+1vJObXkH1oY-00030-00007098-00007281 originally acquired its religious
+1vJObXkH1oY-00031-00007281-00007455 meaning in the Septuagint version of the
+1vJObXkH1oY-00032-00007456-00007998 Bible
+1vJObXkH1oY-00033-00007998-00008546 topic Catholic Church
+1vJObXkH1oY-00034-00008547-00008886 you
+1vJObXkH1oY-00035-00008887-00009408 topic Patriarchs
+1vJObXkH1oY-00036-00009409-00009642 in the Catholic Church the bishop who is
+1vJObXkH1oY-00037-00009643-00009849 head of a particular autonomous Church
+1vJObXkH1oY-00038-00009850-00010064 known in canon law as a church sway I
+1vJObXkH1oY-00039-00010065-00010335 you are is is ordinarily a patriarch
+1vJObXkH1oY-00040-00010336-00010499 though this responsibility can be
+1vJObXkH1oY-00041-00010500-00010680 entrusted to a major Archbishop
+1vJObXkH1oY-00042-00010681-00010881 metropolitan or other prolly for a
+1vJObXkH1oY-00043-00010882-00011078 number of serious reasons since the
+1vJObXkH1oY-00044-00011079-00011307 Council of Nicaea the Bishop of Rome has
+1vJObXkH1oY-00045-00011308-00011471 been recognized as the first among
+1vJObXkH1oY-00046-00011472-00011769 patriarchs that council designated three
+1vJObXkH1oY-00047-00011770-00011985 bishops with this supra Metropolitan
+1vJObXkH1oY-00048-00011986-00012345 title Rome Alexandria and Antioch in the
+1vJObXkH1oY-00049-00012346-00012555 pen turkey formulated by Justinian's
+1vJObXkH1oY-00050-00012556-00013025 first 527 to 565 the Emperor assigned as
+1vJObXkH1oY-00051-00013026-00013191 a patriarch --it to the Bishop of Rome
+1vJObXkH1oY-00052-00013191-00013380 the whole of Christianized Europe
+1vJObXkH1oY-00053-00013381-00013578 including almost all of modern Greece
+1vJObXkH1oY-00054-00013579-00013772 except for the region of Thrace the
+1vJObXkH1oY-00055-00013773-00013988 areas near Constantinople and along the
+1vJObXkH1oY-00056-00013990-00014255 coast of the Black Sea he included in
+1vJObXkH1oY-00057-00014256-00014469 this patriarch it also the western part
+1vJObXkH1oY-00058-00014469-00014744 of North Africa the jurisdictions of the
+1vJObXkH1oY-00059-00014745-00014961 other patriarch it's extended over Roman
+1vJObXkH1oY-00060-00014962-00015263 Asia and the rest of Africa Justinian's
+1vJObXkH1oY-00061-00015265-00015497 system was given formal ecclesiastical
+1vJObXkH1oY-00062-00015498-00015699 recognition by the Quinnie sixth Council
+1vJObXkH1oY-00063-00015700-00016016 of 692 which the see of Rome has however
+1vJObXkH1oY-00064-00016018-00016302 not recognized there were at the time
+1vJObXkH1oY-00065-00016303-00016515 bishops of other Apostolic seas that
+1vJObXkH1oY-00066-00016516-00016731 operated with patriarchal authority
+1vJObXkH1oY-00067-00016732-00016884 beyond the borders of the roman empire
+1vJObXkH1oY-00068-00016885-00017144 such as the catholicos of solution t's
+1vJObXkH1oY-00069-00017145-00017310 phone
+1vJObXkH1oY-00070-00017311-00017586 today the patriarchal heads of Catholic
+1vJObXkH1oY-00071-00017587-00017871 autonomous churches are the Bishop of
+1vJObXkH1oY-00072-00017872-00018090 Rome Pope as head of the Latin Catholic
+1vJObXkH1oY-00073-00018091-00018363 Church the Armenian Catholic patriarch
+1vJObXkH1oY-00074-00018364-00018585 of Silesia and head of the Armenian
+1vJObXkH1oY-00075-00018586-00018893 Catholic Church formed 1740 recognized
+1vJObXkH1oY-00076-00018894-00019284 1742 the Chaldean Catholic patriarch of
+1vJObXkH1oY-00077-00019285-00019449 Babylon and head of the Chaldean
+1vJObXkH1oY-00078-00019450-00019781 Catholic Church formed 1550 - recognized
+1vJObXkH1oY-00079-00019782-00020163 15:53 the Coptic Catholic patriarch of
+1vJObXkH1oY-00080-00020164-00020352 Alexandria and head of the Coptic
+1vJObXkH1oY-00081-00020353-00020733 Catholic Church established 1824 the
+1vJObXkH1oY-00082-00020734-00020946 Maronite Catholic patriarch of Antioch
+1vJObXkH1oY-00083-00020947-00021096 and all the east and head of the
+1vJObXkH1oY-00084-00021097-00021428 Maronite Catholic Church established 685
+1vJObXkH1oY-00085-00021429-00021729 the Melkite Greek Catholic patriarchate
+1vJObXkH1oY-00086-00021730-00021885 of antioch and all the east of
+1vJObXkH1oY-00087-00021886-00022122 Alexandria and of Jerusalem head of the
+1vJObXkH1oY-00088-00022123-00022317 Melkite Greek Catholic Church in his
+1vJObXkH1oY-00089-00022318-00022530 case Antioch is the actual and sole
+1vJObXkH1oY-00090-00022531-00022788 patriarch at Alexandria and Jerusalem
+1vJObXkH1oY-00091-00022789-00022992 are just titular once residential
+1vJObXkH1oY-00092-00022993-00023283 patriarch it's vested in his see the
+1vJObXkH1oY-00093-00023284-00023514 Syrian Catholic patriarch of Antioch and
+1vJObXkH1oY-00094-00023515-00023667 all the East and head of the Syria
+1vJObXkH1oY-00095-00023668-00024143 Catholic Church
+1vJObXkH1oY-00096-00024144-00024680 topic major Archbishop Rick's
+1vJObXkH1oY-00097-00024681-00024894 four more of the Eastern Catholic
+1vJObXkH1oY-00098-00024895-00025092 churches are headed by a prelate known
+1vJObXkH1oY-00099-00025093-00025380 as a major archbishop a title
+1vJObXkH1oY-00100-00025381-00025527 essentially equivalent to that of
+1vJObXkH1oY-00101-00025528-00025737 patriarchy and originally created by
+1vJObXkH1oY-00102-00025738-00026058 Pope Paul the sixth in 1963 for Joseph
+1vJObXkH1oY-00103-00026058-00026379 sleep a the major Archbishop of Kiev
+1vJObXkH1oY-00104-00026380-00026568 haulage and head of the Ukrainian Greek
+1vJObXkH1oY-00105-00026569-00026892 Catholic Church the major Archbishop of
+1vJObXkH1oY-00106-00026893-00027077 Ernakulam and Emily and head of the
+1vJObXkH1oY-00107-00027078-00027293 syro-malabar Catholic Church the major
+1vJObXkH1oY-00108-00027294-00027498 Archbishop of Trivandrum and head of the
+1vJObXkH1oY-00109-00027499-00027824 Cyro malankara Catholic Church the major
+1vJObXkH1oY-00110-00027825-00028029 archbishop the figueres and Alba Iulia
+1vJObXkH1oY-00111-00028030-00028245 and head of the Romanian Greek Catholic
+1vJObXkH1oY-00112-00028245-00028410 Church with and their proper sway I you
+1vJObXkH1oY-00113-00028411-00028577 are I asked churches there is no
+1vJObXkH1oY-00114-00028578-00028770 difference between patriarchs and major
+1vJObXkH1oY-00115-00028770-00029085 Archbishop's however differences exist
+1vJObXkH1oY-00116-00029086-00029315 in the order of precedence ie patriarchs
+1vJObXkH1oY-00117-00029316-00029526 take precedence over major Archbishop's
+1vJObXkH1oY-00118-00029527-00029771 and in the mode of accession whereas the
+1vJObXkH1oY-00119-00029772-00029987 election of a major archbishop has to be
+1vJObXkH1oY-00120-00029988-00030186 confirmed by the Pope before he may take
+1vJObXkH1oY-00121-00030187-00030393 office no papal confirmation is needed
+1vJObXkH1oY-00122-00030394-00030636 for a newly elected patriarch before he
+1vJObXkH1oY-00123-00030637-00030890 takes office rather a newly installed
+1vJObXkH1oY-00124-00030891-00031127 patriarch is required to petition the
+1vJObXkH1oY-00125-00031128-00031287 Pope as soon as possible for the
+1vJObXkH1oY-00126-00031288-00031408 concession of what is called
+1vJObXkH1oY-00127-00031409-00031677 ecclesiastical Communion furthermore
+1vJObXkH1oY-00128-00031677-00031881 patriarchs who are created Cardinals
+1vJObXkH1oY-00129-00031882-00032058 form part of the order of Cardinal
+1vJObXkH1oY-00130-00032058-00032268 bishops whereas major Archbishop's are
+1vJObXkH1oY-00131-00032269-00032918 only created Cardinal priests
+1vJObXkH1oY-00132-00032919-00033532 topic titular latin patriarch it's
+1vJObXkH1oY-00133-00033533-00033748 titular patriarchs do not have
+1vJObXkH1oY-00134-00033749-00033901 jurisdiction over other metropolitan
+1vJObXkH1oY-00135-00033902-00034198 bishops the title is granted purely as
+1vJObXkH1oY-00136-00034199-00034402 an honor for various historical reasons
+1vJObXkH1oY-00137-00034403-00034668 they take precedence after the heads of
+1vJObXkH1oY-00138-00034669-00034858 autonomous churches in full communion
+1vJObXkH1oY-00139-00034859-00035052 whether Pope patriarch or major
+1vJObXkH1oY-00140-00035053-00035352 Archbishop the Latin patriarch of
+1vJObXkH1oY-00141-00035353-00035752 Jerusalem established 1099 the patriarch
+1vJObXkH1oY-00142-00035753-00035980 of the East Indies a titular patriarchal
+1vJObXkH1oY-00143-00035981-00036237 sea united to Goa and daemon established
+1vJObXkH1oY-00144-00036238-00036654 1886 the patriarch of Lisbon established
+1vJObXkH1oY-00145-00036655-00037064 1716 the patriarch of venice established
+1vJObXkH1oY-00146-00037065-00037584 1451
+1vJObXkH1oY-00147-00037585-00038195 topic historical Latin Patriarchate's
+1vJObXkH1oY-00148-00038196-00038456 the patriarch of Aquileia with rival
+1vJObXkH1oY-00149-00038457-00038633 line of succession moved to grado
+1vJObXkH1oY-00150-00038634-00039017 dissolved in 1750 to the patriarch of
+1vJObXkH1oY-00151-00039018-00039317 grado in 1451 merged with the bishopric
+1vJObXkH1oY-00152-00039318-00039496 of Costello and Venice to form the
+1vJObXkH1oY-00153-00039497-00039721 Metropolitan Archdiocese of Venice later
+1vJObXkH1oY-00154-00039722-00040037 a residential patriarch it itself the
+1vJObXkH1oY-00155-00040038-00040262 patriarch of the West Indies a titular
+1vJObXkH1oY-00156-00040263-00040676 patriarchal see vacant since 1963 the
+1vJObXkH1oY-00157-00040677-00040883 Latin patriarch of Antioch title
+1vJObXkH1oY-00158-00040884-00041270 abolished in 1964 the titular Latin
+1vJObXkH1oY-00159-00041271-00041524 patriarch of Alexandria title abolished
+1vJObXkH1oY-00160-00041525-00041882 in 1964 the Latin patriarch of
+1vJObXkH1oY-00161-00041883-00042301 Constantinople title abolished in 1964
+1vJObXkH1oY-00162-00042302-00042704 the Latin Patriarchate of Ethiopia 1555
+1vJObXkH1oY-00163-00042705-00043031 to 1663 never effective only held by
+1vJObXkH1oY-00164-00043032-00043498 Iberian Jesuits
+1vJObXkH1oY-00165-00043499-00044130 topic Patriarca steidel ad personam
+1vJObXkH1oY-00166-00044131-00044310 the Pope can confer the rank of
+1vJObXkH1oY-00167-00044311-00044568 patriarch without NEC upon an individual
+1vJObXkH1oY-00168-00044569-00044796 archbishop has happened on the 24th of
+1vJObXkH1oY-00169-00044797-00045093 February 1676 to Alessandro says
+1vJObXkH1oY-00170-00045094-00045336 Chengzhi of the soma scans former Latin
+1vJObXkH1oY-00171-00045337-00045604 titular patriarch of Alexandria the 19th
+1vJObXkH1oY-00172-00045605-00045989 of January 1671 retired the 27th of May
+1vJObXkH1oY-00173-00045990-00046270 1675 who nevertheless resigned the title
+1vJObXkH1oY-00174-00046271-00046950 on the 9th of January 1682
+1vJObXkH1oY-00175-00046951-00047602 topic patriarch of the West
+1vJObXkH1oY-00176-00047603-00047833 in theological and other scholarly
+1vJObXkH1oY-00177-00047834-00047992 literature of the early modern period
+1vJObXkH1oY-00178-00047993-00048358 the title patriarch of the West Latin
+1vJObXkH1oY-00179-00048359-00048626 Patriarca Occidental Greek patriarch
+1vJObXkH1oY-00180-00048627-00048814 stays de ciose was mainly used as
+1vJObXkH1oY-00181-00048815-00049018 designation for the jurisdiction of the
+1vJObXkH1oY-00182-00049019-00049217 Bishop of Rome over the Latin Church in
+1vJObXkH1oY-00183-00049218-00049636 the West from 1863 to 2005 the title
+1vJObXkH1oY-00184-00049637-00049927 patriarch of the West was appended to
+1vJObXkH1oY-00185-00049928-00050129 the list of papal titles in the annuario
+1vJObXkH1oY-00186-00050130-00050473 pontificio which in 1885 became a semi
+1vJObXkH1oY-00187-00050474-00050671 official publication of the Holy See
+1vJObXkH1oY-00188-00050672-00050911 this was done without historical
+1vJObXkH1oY-00189-00050912-00051079 precedent or theological justification
+1vJObXkH1oY-00190-00051080-00051355 there was no ecclesiastical office as
+1vJObXkH1oY-00191-00051356-00051604 such except occasionally as a truism the
+1vJObXkH1oY-00192-00051605-00051796 patriarch of Rome for the Latin Church
+1vJObXkH1oY-00193-00051797-00051986 was the only patriarch and the only
+1vJObXkH1oY-00194-00051987-00052438 Apostolic See in the West the title was
+1vJObXkH1oY-00195-00052439-00052715 not included in the 2006 anyou Aria on
+1vJObXkH1oY-00196-00052716-00053000 the 22nd of March 2006
+1vJObXkH1oY-00197-00053001-00053167 the Pontifical Council for promoting
+1vJObXkH1oY-00198-00053169-00053378 Christian unity offered an explanation
+1vJObXkH1oY-00199-00053379-00053654 for the decision to remove the title it
+1vJObXkH1oY-00200-00053654-00053893 stated that the title patriarch of the
+1vJObXkH1oY-00201-00053894-00054236 West had become obsolete and practically
+1vJObXkH1oY-00202-00054237-00054451 unusable when the term the West
+1vJObXkH1oY-00203-00054452-00054679 comprises Australia New Zealand and
+1vJObXkH1oY-00204-00054680-00054868 North America in addition to Western
+1vJObXkH1oY-00205-00054869-00055075 Europe and that it was pointless to
+1vJObXkH1oY-00206-00055076-00055337 insist on maintaining it given that
+1vJObXkH1oY-00207-00055338-00055541 since the Second Vatican Council the
+1vJObXkH1oY-00208-00055541-00055841 Latin Church for which the West is an
+1vJObXkH1oY-00209-00055841-00056017 equivalent has been organized as a
+1vJObXkH1oY-00210-00056019-00056222 number of Episcopal conferences and
+1vJObXkH1oY-00211-00056223-00056384 their international groupings though the
+1vJObXkH1oY-00212-00056385-00056707 formulation patriarch of the West is no
+1vJObXkH1oY-00213-00056708-00056921 longer used the Pope in that role issues
+1vJObXkH1oY-00214-00056922-00057098 the code of canon law for the Latin
+1vJObXkH1oY-00215-00057099-00057362 Church during the Synod of Bishops on
+1vJObXkH1oY-00216-00057363-00057625 the Middle East in 2009 Pope Benedict
+1vJObXkH1oY-00217-00057626-00057850 the 16th appeared as patriarch of the
+1vJObXkH1oY-00218-00057851-00058022 Latin Church with the other patriarchs
+1vJObXkH1oY-00219-00058023-00058211 but without the Latin patriarch of
+1vJObXkH1oY-00220-00058212-00058385 Jerusalem though he was present at the
+1vJObXkH1oY-00221-00058386-00058926 same Synod
+1vJObXkH1oY-00222-00058927-00059235 topic current and historical Catholic
+1vJObXkH1oY-00223-00059236-00059636 Patriarchate's
+1vJObXkH1oY-00224-00059637-00060017 you
+1vJObXkH1oY-00225-00060019-00060600 topic Eastern Christianity
+1vJObXkH1oY-00226-00060601-00060942 you
+1vJObXkH1oY-00227-00060944-00061501 topic Eastern Orthodox
+1vJObXkH1oY-00228-00061502-00061755 the five ancient Patriarchate's the pen
+1vJObXkH1oY-00229-00061757-00061932 turkey listed in order of preeminence
+1vJObXkH1oY-00230-00061933-00062169 ranked by the quinna Sixth Council in
+1vJObXkH1oY-00231-00062170-00062554 692 the patriarch of Rome the Pope of
+1vJObXkH1oY-00232-00062554-00062832 Rome originally Primus inter pares
+1vJObXkH1oY-00233-00062833-00063063 according to Eastern Orthodoxy
+1vJObXkH1oY-00234-00063064-00063403 recognized in 325 currently not an
+1vJObXkH1oY-00235-00063404-00063630 Episcopal or patriarchal Authority in
+1vJObXkH1oY-00236-00063632-00063819 the Eastern Orthodox Church following
+1vJObXkH1oY-00237-00063820-00064188 the Great Schism in 1054 the patriarch
+1vJObXkH1oY-00238-00064189-00064416 of Constantinople chief of the Orthodox
+1vJObXkH1oY-00239-00064417-00064669 Church of Constantinople anda Primus
+1vJObXkH1oY-00240-00064670-00064954 inter pares of post schism Eastern
+1vJObXkH1oY-00241-00064954-00065425 Orthodoxy recognized in 381 the
+1vJObXkH1oY-00242-00065426-00065659 patriarch of Alexandria the Pope of all
+1vJObXkH1oY-00243-00065660-00065826 Africa and the chief of the Greek
+1vJObXkH1oY-00244-00065827-00066082 Orthodox Church of Alexandria recognized
+1vJObXkH1oY-00245-00066083-00066507 in 325 the patriarch of Antioch in the
+1vJObXkH1oY-00246-00066508-00066667 head of the Greek Orthodox Church of
+1vJObXkH1oY-00247-00066668-00066862 Antioch and all the east in the Near
+1vJObXkH1oY-00248-00066863-00066901 East
+1vJObXkH1oY-00249-00066902-00067294 recognized in 325 the patriarch of
+1vJObXkH1oY-00250-00067295-00067488 Jerusalem and the chief of the Eastern
+1vJObXkH1oY-00251-00067489-00067713 Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem in
+1vJObXkH1oY-00252-00067714-00067972 Israel Palestine Jordan and all Arabia
+1vJObXkH1oY-00253-00067973-00068371 recognized in 451 the five junior
+1vJObXkH1oY-00254-00068372-00068544 patriarch it's created after the
+1vJObXkH1oY-00255-00068545-00068746 consolidation of the pen turkey in
+1vJObXkH1oY-00256-00068747-00068947 chronological order of their recognition
+1vJObXkH1oY-00257-00068948-00069160 as patriarch 'its by the ecumenical
+1vJObXkH1oY-00258-00069161-00069451 Patriarchate of Constantinople the
+1vJObXkH1oY-00259-00069452-00069667 patriarch of all Bulgaria and the chief
+1vJObXkH1oY-00260-00069668-00069862 of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church in
+1vJObXkH1oY-00261-00069863-00070093 Bulgaria recognized as a patriarch --it
+1vJObXkH1oY-00262-00070094-00070522 in 927 the catholicos patriarch of all
+1vJObXkH1oY-00263-00070523-00070707 Georgia and the chief of the Georgian
+1vJObXkH1oY-00264-00070708-00070938 Orthodox Church in Georgia recognized as
+1vJObXkH1oY-00265-00070939-00071376 a Catholic at Patriarchate in 1008
+1vJObXkH1oY-00266-00071377-00071635 the teeth of the serbian orthodox church
+1vJObXkH1oY-00267-00071636-00071844 in serbia and the former yugoslavia
+1vJObXkH1oY-00268-00071845-00072171 recognized as a patriarch tat in 1375
+1vJObXkH1oY-00269-00072172-00072444 the patriarch of Moscow and all Russia
+1vJObXkH1oY-00270-00072445-00072634 and the chief of the Russian Orthodox
+1vJObXkH1oY-00271-00072635-00072813 Church in Russia recognized as a
+1vJObXkH1oY-00272-00072814-00073198 patriarch it in 1589 the patriarch of
+1vJObXkH1oY-00273-00073199-00073356 all Romania and the chief of the
+1vJObXkH1oY-00274-00073357-00073561 Romanian Orthodox Church in Romania
+1vJObXkH1oY-00275-00073562-00074241 recognized as a patriarch --it in 1925
+1vJObXkH1oY-00276-00074242-00074547 topic Patriarchs outside the eastern
+1vJObXkH1oY-00277-00074548-00074988 orthodox communion
+1vJObXkH1oY-00278-00074989-00075231 the patriarch of Moscow and all Russia
+1vJObXkH1oY-00279-00075232-00075479 chief of the russian old orthodox church
+1vJObXkH1oY-00280-00075480-00075762 the patriarch of kiev chief of the
+1vJObXkH1oY-00281-00075763-00076013 ukrainian orthodox church kiev patriarch
+1vJObXkH1oY-00282-00076014-00076301 at the patriarch of kiev and all rus
+1vJObXkH1oY-00283-00076302-00076509 ukraine of the ukrainian autocephalous
+1vJObXkH1oY-00284-00076510-00076911 Orthodox Church canonical the patriarch
+1vJObXkH1oY-00285-00076912-00077124 of the autocephalous Orthodox Church of
+1vJObXkH1oY-00286-00077125-00077351 Europe the patriarch of the
+1vJObXkH1oY-00287-00077352-00077523 autocephalous Turkish Orthodox
+1vJObXkH1oY-00288-00077524-00077989 Patriarchate
+1vJObXkH1oY-00289-00077990-00078611 topic oriental Orthodox churches
+1vJObXkH1oY-00290-00078612-00078886 the Pope of Alexandria and patriarch of
+1vJObXkH1oY-00291-00078887-00079085 all Africa and the chief of the Coptic
+1vJObXkH1oY-00292-00079086-00079304 Orthodox Church of Alexandria in Egypt
+1vJObXkH1oY-00293-00079305-00079525 and all Africa and the spiritual leader
+1vJObXkH1oY-00294-00079526-00079861 of oriental orthodoxy the patriarch of
+1vJObXkH1oY-00295-00079862-00080056 Antioch and all the east and chief of
+1vJObXkH1oY-00296-00080057-00080240 the Syriac Orthodox Church of Antioch
+1vJObXkH1oY-00297-00080241-00080459 and supreme leader of the universal
+1vJObXkH1oY-00298-00080460-00080696 Syriac Orthodox Church in the Near East
+1vJObXkH1oY-00299-00080697-00080986 the Catholics of India is the head of
+1vJObXkH1oY-00300-00080987-00081191 the malankara jacobite syrian orthodox
+1vJObXkH1oY-00301-00081192-00081410 church which is the part of Syriac
+1vJObXkH1oY-00302-00081411-00081710 Orthodox Church the Catholicos of the
+1vJObXkH1oY-00303-00081711-00081898 east and the chief metropolitan of the
+1vJObXkH1oY-00304-00081899-00082109 malankara orthodox syrian church in
+1vJObXkH1oY-00305-00082110-00082384 India the Catholicos of Etchmiadzin
+1vJObXkH1oY-00306-00082385-00082667 Armenia and of all Armenians and supreme
+1vJObXkH1oY-00307-00082668-00082823 patriarch of the Armenian Apostolic
+1vJObXkH1oY-00308-00082824-00083032 Church in chief of the Armenian
+1vJObXkH1oY-00309-00083033-00083326 Apostolic Church the patriarch of
+1vJObXkH1oY-00310-00083327-00083518 Constantinople for the Armenians in
+1vJObXkH1oY-00311-00083519-00083584 Turkey
+1vJObXkH1oY-00312-00083585-00083879 the patriarch of Jerusalem and of holy
+1vJObXkH1oY-00313-00083880-00084076 Zion for the Armenians in Israel
+1vJObXkH1oY-00314-00084077-00084292 Palestine Jordan and the Persian Gulf
+1vJObXkH1oY-00315-00084293-00084635 the catholicos of Cilicia and chief of
+1vJObXkH1oY-00316-00084636-00084823 the Armenian Apostolic Church of the
+1vJObXkH1oY-00317-00084824-00085004 Great House of Silesia in Antelias
+1vJObXkH1oY-00318-00085005-00085330 Lebanon the Archbishop of Ochs Amman
+1vJObXkH1oY-00319-00085331-00085598 patriarch Catholicos of all ethiopia and
+1vJObXkH1oY-00320-00085599-00085754 the chief of the Ethiopian Orthodox
+1vJObXkH1oY-00321-00085755-00086086 Tewahedo Church in Ethiopia the
+1vJObXkH1oY-00322-00086087-00086317 Archbishop of oz Mara and patriarch of
+1vJObXkH1oY-00323-00086318-00086482 all Eritrea and the chief of the
+1vJObXkH1oY-00324-00086483-00086711 Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church in
+1vJObXkH1oY-00325-00086712-00087243 Eritrea
+1vJObXkH1oY-00326-00087244-00087781 topic Church of the east
+1vJObXkH1oY-00327-00087782-00087977 patriarchs of the Church of the East
+1vJObXkH1oY-00328-00087978-00088226 sometimes also referred to as Nestorian
+1vJObXkH1oY-00329-00088227-00088448 the Church of Persia the Sassanid church
+1vJObXkH1oY-00330-00088449-00088667 or in modern times the Assyrian Church
+1vJObXkH1oY-00331-00088668-00088856 of the East traced their lineage of
+1vJObXkH1oY-00332-00088857-00089171 patriarchs back to the first century the
+1vJObXkH1oY-00333-00089172-00089438 catholicos patriarch of Seleucia CTE
+1vJObXkH1oY-00334-00089439-00089660 syphon chief of the Assyrian Church of
+1vJObXkH1oY-00335-00089661-00089987 the east the patriarch Catholicos of the
+1vJObXkH1oY-00336-00089988-00090188 ancient church of the east a secession
+1vJObXkH1oY-00337-00090189-00090830 from the assyrian church of the east
+1vJObXkH1oY-00338-00090831-00091337 topic man aqui ism
+1vJObXkH1oY-00339-00091338-00091568 the term patriarchy has also been used
+1vJObXkH1oY-00340-00091569-00091769 for the leader of the extinct duelist
+1vJObXkH1oY-00341-00091770-00091994 heretical mantequilla sect initially
+1vJObXkH1oY-00342-00091995-00092231 based at sea te siphon near modern-day
+1vJObXkH1oY-00343-00092232-00092906 Baghdad and later at Samarkand
+1vJObXkH1oY-00344-00092907-00093510 topic other independent uses
+1vJObXkH1oY-00345-00093511-00093882 the title of patriarch is assumed also
+1vJObXkH1oY-00346-00093883-00094059 by the leaders of certain relatively
+1vJObXkH1oY-00347-00094060-00094257 recent groups who are in communion with
+1vJObXkH1oY-00348-00094258-00094448 none of the historic Christian churches
+1vJObXkH1oY-00349-00094449-00094725 many but not necessarily all such
+1vJObXkH1oY-00350-00094726-00094914 patriarchs are Church leaders of the
+1vJObXkH1oY-00351-00094915-00095141 independent Catholic churches
+1vJObXkH1oY-00352-00095142-00095382 independent Catholic the patriarch of
+1vJObXkH1oY-00353-00095383-00095571 the Brazilian Catholic Apostolic Church
+1vJObXkH1oY-00354-00095572-00095856 in Brazil the patriarch of the
+1vJObXkH1oY-00355-00095857-00096087 Venezuelan Catholic Apostolic Church in
+1vJObXkH1oY-00356-00096088-00096399 Venezuela the patriarch of the Catholic
+1vJObXkH1oY-00357-00096400-00096678 Apostolic Church of Antioch the
+1vJObXkH1oY-00358-00096679-00096885 patriarch of the apostolic Catholic
+1vJObXkH1oY-00359-00096886-00097095 Church in the Philippines independent
+1vJObXkH1oY-00360-00097096-00097293 Eastern Catholic the patriarch of the
+1vJObXkH1oY-00361-00097294-00097527 Ukrainian Orthodox Greek Catholic Church
+1vJObXkH1oY-00362-00097528-00097740 in Ukraine independent Orthodox the
+1vJObXkH1oY-00363-00097741-00097944 patriarch of the American Orthodox
+1vJObXkH1oY-00364-00097945-00098169 Catholic Church protested the patriarch
+1vJObXkH1oY-00365-00098170-00098418 of the international community's Matic
+1vJObXkH1oY-00366-00098419-00098598 Episcopal Church latter-day Saint
+1vJObXkH1oY-00367-00098599-00098847 movement in the Latter day Saint
+1vJObXkH1oY-00368-00098848-00099054 movement a patriarch is one who has been
+1vJObXkH1oY-00369-00099055-00099255 ordained to the office of patriarch in
+1vJObXkH1oY-00370-00099256-00099507 the Melchizedek Priesthood the term is
+1vJObXkH1oY-00371-00099508-00099657 considered synonymous with the term
+1vJObXkH1oY-00372-00099658-00099855 evangelist a term favored by the
+1vJObXkH1oY-00373-00099856-00100104 community of Christ in the Church of
+1vJObXkH1oY-00374-00100105-00100356 Jesus Christ of latter-day saints one of
+1vJObXkH1oY-00375-00100357-00100584 the patriarchs primary responsibilities
+1vJObXkH1oY-00376-00100585-00100779 is to give patriarchal blessings as
+1vJObXkH1oY-00377-00100780-00100998 Jacob did to his twelve sons according
+1vJObXkH1oY-00378-00100999-00101250 to the Old Testament patriarchs are
+1vJObXkH1oY-00379-00101251-00101433 typically assigned in each stake and
+1vJObXkH1oY-00380-00101434-00101732 possess the title for life
+1vJObXkH1oY-00381-00101733-00101924 others to patriarch of the Czechoslovak
+1vJObXkH1oY-00382-00101925-00102182 hussite church mainly in Czech Republic
+1vJObXkH1oY-00383-00102183-00102768 and also some part of Slovakia
+1vJObXkH1oY-00384-00102769-00103274 topic see also
+1vJObXkH1oY-00385-00103275-00103641 list of current patriarchs lists of
+1vJObXkH1oY-00386-00103642-00104123 patriarchs patriarchy patriarchy
+1vJObXkH1oY-00387-00104124-00104427 matriarchy list of bishops and
+1vJObXkH1oY-00388-00104428-00104850 archbishops major archbishop list of
+1vJObXkH1oY-00389-00104851-00105276 metropolitans and patriarchs of moscow
+1woJn__zbHA-00000-00000071-00000423 hey guys what is going on it's brycat23
+1woJn__zbHA-00001-00000424-00000615 here with xtrades
+1woJn__zbHA-00002-00000616-00000774 today i'm going to walk you guys through
+1woJn__zbHA-00003-00000775-00000927 the bull flag and some of the
+1woJn__zbHA-00004-00000927-00001191 characteristics associated with it
+1woJn__zbHA-00005-00001192-00001407 and just again how you can kind of use
+1woJn__zbHA-00006-00001408-00001495 these
+1woJn__zbHA-00007-00001496-00001726 price patterns to really help yourself
+1woJn__zbHA-00008-00001727-00001839 better dictate
+1woJn__zbHA-00009-00001839-00002071 future price movements because at the
+1woJn__zbHA-00010-00002072-00002223 end of the day that's all about what
+1woJn__zbHA-00011-00002224-00002295 these
+1woJn__zbHA-00012-00002296-00002463 what these price patterns are about is
+1woJn__zbHA-00013-00002464-00002726 their predictive power for the future
+1woJn__zbHA-00014-00002727-00002902 so that's really what we're going to be
+1woJn__zbHA-00015-00002903-00003031 looking into
+1woJn__zbHA-00016-00003032-00003199 in terms of the bull flag we'll be
+1woJn__zbHA-00017-00003200-00003503 talking about price trends volume trends
+1woJn__zbHA-00018-00003504-00003783 and really price targets based on based
+1woJn__zbHA-00019-00003784-00004047 on the pattern that we're observing so
+1woJn__zbHA-00020-00004047-00004438 without any further ado looking at price
+1woJn__zbHA-00021-00004439-00004622 for these bull flags
+1woJn__zbHA-00022-00004623-00004838 you're typically going to see a really
+1woJn__zbHA-00023-00004839-00004967 strong bullish
+1woJn__zbHA-00024-00004968-00005263 uptrend over the last few days or last
+1woJn__zbHA-00025-00005264-00005399 few sessions
+1woJn__zbHA-00026-00005400-00005627 and it's it's really a bullish
+1woJn__zbHA-00027-00005628-00005847 continuation pattern so you have the
+1woJn__zbHA-00028-00005848-00005895 strong
+1woJn__zbHA-00029-00005896-00006206 up trend before prices enter a
+1woJn__zbHA-00030-00006207-00006583 short term consolidation pattern and
+1woJn__zbHA-00031-00006584-00006751 the consolidation pattern really
+1woJn__zbHA-00032-00006752-00006934 shouldn't exceed three or four
+1woJn__zbHA-00033-00006936-00007175 weeks if it does you're probably looking
+1woJn__zbHA-00034-00007176-00007446 at a rectangle or another sort of
+1woJn__zbHA-00035-00007447-00007703 channel but really you're looking for
+1woJn__zbHA-00036-00007704-00007983 that short-term consolidation
+1woJn__zbHA-00037-00007984-00008319 a tight consolidation and one that's a
+1woJn__zbHA-00038-00008320-00008646 smaller percentage retracement from this
+1woJn__zbHA-00039-00008647-00008831 uptrend because you don't want there to
+1woJn__zbHA-00040-00008832-00008887 be
+1woJn__zbHA-00041-00008888-00009167 a large percentage retracement of your
+1woJn__zbHA-00042-00009168-00009246 uptrend
+1woJn__zbHA-00043-00009247-00009439 as that would indicate a little more
+1woJn__zbHA-00044-00009440-00009631 selling pressure and a little bit of
+1woJn__zbHA-00045-00009632-00009863 a lack of bullishness where you really
+1woJn__zbHA-00046-00009864-00010071 want a kind of a tight
+1woJn__zbHA-00047-00010072-00010391 and low volume retracement from the top
+1woJn__zbHA-00048-00010392-00010519 that you made
+1woJn__zbHA-00049-00010520-00010878 in that uptrend so again you want these
+1woJn__zbHA-00050-00010879-00011278 this tight trend to form probably a 40
+1woJn__zbHA-00051-00011279-00011559 retracement of the uptrend max i would i
+1woJn__zbHA-00052-00011560-00011742 would personally feel comfortable with
+1woJn__zbHA-00053-00011743-00011783 but
+1woJn__zbHA-00054-00011784-00011999 some sources might say otherwise but
+1woJn__zbHA-00055-00012000-00012183 that's usually what i look for within a
+1woJn__zbHA-00056-00012184-00012246 40
+1woJn__zbHA-00057-00012247-00012542 retracement of the top and then you want
+1woJn__zbHA-00058-00012543-00012583 that
+1woJn__zbHA-00059-00012584-00012791 low volume and descending volume
+1woJn__zbHA-00060-00012792-00012935 throughout the pattern and then
+1woJn__zbHA-00061-00012936-00013119 and then look for the breakout to the
+1woJn__zbHA-00062-00013119-00013319 upside but
+1woJn__zbHA-00063-00013319-00013543 as far as price goes really you want
+1woJn__zbHA-00064-00013544-00013822 that low percentage retracement and you
+1woJn__zbHA-00065-00013823-00013983 want a strong
+1woJn__zbHA-00066-00013984-00014343 uh uptrend leading into the flag
+1woJn__zbHA-00067-00014344-00014566 pattern the consolidation pattern where
+1woJn__zbHA-00068-00014568-00014679 it will
+1woJn__zbHA-00069-00014680-00014927 prices will channel for three to four
+1woJn__zbHA-00070-00014928-00015015 weeks max
+1woJn__zbHA-00071-00015016-00015471 typically as far as the volume goes
+1woJn__zbHA-00072-00015472-00015766 volume on the trend is strong on on the
+1woJn__zbHA-00073-00015768-00015991 way up and then the consolidation
+1woJn__zbHA-00074-00015991-00016175 pattern you'll have the most volume
+1woJn__zbHA-00075-00016176-00016366 typically on the left hand side and
+1woJn__zbHA-00076-00016368-00016519 it'll descend
+1woJn__zbHA-00077-00016520-00016807 throughout the flag itself and then
+1woJn__zbHA-00078-00016808-00017007 you'll have a lot of strong volume
+1woJn__zbHA-00079-00017008-00017311 at the breakout when buyers step in if
+1woJn__zbHA-00080-00017312-00017399 you do
+1woJn__zbHA-00081-00017400-00017735 get a breakout to the upside so
+1woJn__zbHA-00082-00017736-00017991 you'll have good volume on the uptrend
+1woJn__zbHA-00083-00017992-00018214 probably a relatively high volume
+1woJn__zbHA-00084-00018215-00018335 rejection
+1woJn__zbHA-00085-00018336-00018519 at the first touch of resistance and
+1woJn__zbHA-00086-00018520-00018775 then volume should trend downwards
+1woJn__zbHA-00087-00018776-00019055 and be lower in the flag since you're
+1woJn__zbHA-00088-00019056-00019255 making small price movements since it's
+1woJn__zbHA-00089-00019256-00019407 a small retracement
+1woJn__zbHA-00090-00019408-00019607 and then you get that large volume
+1woJn__zbHA-00091-00019608-00019935 breakout when you cross above resistance
+1woJn__zbHA-00092-00019936-00020191 and then as far as the price target goes
+1woJn__zbHA-00093-00020192-00020350 again we've spent a lot of time talking
+1woJn__zbHA-00094-00020351-00020407 about the
+1woJn__zbHA-00095-00020408-00020719 uptrend and that's called the flag pole
+1woJn__zbHA-00096-00020720-00020886 so that's what we're going to use to
+1woJn__zbHA-00097-00020887-00020983 dictate
+1woJn__zbHA-00098-00020984-00021191 the price target and we'll talk about
+1woJn__zbHA-00099-00021192-00021478 that more in detail in the next slides
+1woJn__zbHA-00100-00021479-00021767 but the flag pole is ultimately what
+1woJn__zbHA-00101-00021768-00021894 will be used
+1woJn__zbHA-00102-00021895-00022143 to dictate future price movement should
+1woJn__zbHA-00103-00022144-00022230 you get
+1woJn__zbHA-00104-00022231-00022494 a bullish breakout and and clear that
+1woJn__zbHA-00105-00022495-00022671 resistance area
+1woJn__zbHA-00106-00022672-00022983 of the flag
+1woJn__zbHA-00107-00022984-00023383 so here's actually an example where
+1woJn__zbHA-00108-00023384-00023655 the calculation is done incorrectly and
+1woJn__zbHA-00109-00023656-00023855 i i think it's important to show this
+1woJn__zbHA-00110-00023856-00024127 first because price targets are it's
+1woJn__zbHA-00111-00024128-00024207 important to
+1woJn__zbHA-00112-00024208-00024471 gauge price targets correctly because if
+1woJn__zbHA-00113-00024472-00024663 you don't you could be holding on
+1woJn__zbHA-00114-00024664-00024911 to a trade too long or just have
+1woJn__zbHA-00115-00024912-00025055 inaccurate
+1woJn__zbHA-00116-00025056-00025278 inaccurate calculations for your risk to
+1woJn__zbHA-00117-00025279-00025471 reward ratio that could just get you
+1woJn__zbHA-00118-00025472-00025527 entering
+1woJn__zbHA-00119-00025528-00025799 poor trades so it's very important to
+1woJn__zbHA-00120-00025800-00025999 understand how to calculate them
+1woJn__zbHA-00121-00026000-00026343 and both flags especially along with
+1woJn__zbHA-00122-00026344-00026583 rectangles and channels they're
+1woJn__zbHA-00123-00026583-00026823 calculated differently than our
+1woJn__zbHA-00124-00026824-00026990 triangles are than our head and
+1woJn__zbHA-00125-00026991-00027255 shoulders are because it's not
+1woJn__zbHA-00126-00027256-00027574 where prices break out that you add this
+1woJn__zbHA-00127-00027575-00027614 price
+1woJn__zbHA-00128-00027616-00027855 target onto it's it's actually the last
+1woJn__zbHA-00129-00027856-00028007 touch of support
+1woJn__zbHA-00130-00028008-00028246 in the flag where you take the price
+1woJn__zbHA-00131-00028247-00028343 target
+1woJn__zbHA-00132-00028344-00028607 and add to it so it's important to make
+1woJn__zbHA-00133-00028608-00028814 that distinction otherwise
+1woJn__zbHA-00134-00028816-00029014 you could be you could be missing out on
+1woJn__zbHA-00135-00029016-00029143 a few dollar move
+1woJn__zbHA-00136-00029144-00029302 obviously it depends on the ticker that
+1woJn__zbHA-00137-00029304-00029479 you're trading or certainly a few
+1woJn__zbHA-00138-00029480-00029695 percentage points of a move
+1woJn__zbHA-00139-00029695-00030023 if you end up taking this flagpole
+1woJn__zbHA-00140-00030024-00030279 and adding it to the breakout price and
+1woJn__zbHA-00141-00030280-00030439 and you could get caught holding a trade
+1woJn__zbHA-00142-00030439-00030623 that really doesn't have much hope of
+1woJn__zbHA-00143-00030624-00030743 hitting your
+1woJn__zbHA-00144-00030744-00031087 uh 100 price target so
+1woJn__zbHA-00145-00031088-00031358 that's the first distinction is you
+1woJn__zbHA-00146-00031360-00031607 don't want to take your price targets
+1woJn__zbHA-00147-00031608-00031911 and base them on you know
+1woJn__zbHA-00148-00031912-00032214 price target plus price at breakout you
+1woJn__zbHA-00149-00032216-00032390 want to make sure that you're taking the
+1woJn__zbHA-00150-00032391-00032631 price target and adding it to the price
+1woJn__zbHA-00151-00032632-00032951 at the last touch of support so that's
+1woJn__zbHA-00152-00032952-00033167 just the key distinction here
+1woJn__zbHA-00153-00033168-00033367 and it's again one of the reasons that
+1woJn__zbHA-00154-00033368-00033471 full flags
+1woJn__zbHA-00155-00033472-00033727 bullish pennants uh they're they're
+1woJn__zbHA-00156-00033728-00033935 unique because you have to add them to
+1woJn__zbHA-00157-00033936-00034231 the last touch of support as opposed to
+1woJn__zbHA-00158-00034232-00034511 at the breakout price so again you don't
+1woJn__zbHA-00159-00034512-00034671 want to be caught in that trap where
+1woJn__zbHA-00160-00034672-00034735 you're
+1woJn__zbHA-00161-00034736-00035007 improperly evaluating these price
+1woJn__zbHA-00162-00035008-00035111 targets
+1woJn__zbHA-00163-00035112-00035399 just based on what other patterns uh say
+1woJn__zbHA-00164-00035400-00035583 about price targets so it's important to
+1woJn__zbHA-00165-00035584-00035767 understand
+1woJn__zbHA-00166-00035768-00035990 that key distinction in between flags
+1woJn__zbHA-00167-00035991-00036183 and other patterns so
+1woJn__zbHA-00168-00036184-00036487 here is an example of what a bull flag
+1woJn__zbHA-00169-00036488-00036671 price target looks like when it's done
+1woJn__zbHA-00170-00036672-00036815 correctly so
+1woJn__zbHA-00171-00036816-00037039 you have this strong uptrend that forms
+1woJn__zbHA-00172-00037040-00037207 and again it's typically going to be on
+1woJn__zbHA-00173-00037208-00037390 strong volume
+1woJn__zbHA-00174-00037391-00037615 and then the price target is based on
+1woJn__zbHA-00175-00037616-00037807 the beginning of the uptrend
+1woJn__zbHA-00176-00037808-00037999 all the way to the first touch of
+1woJn__zbHA-00177-00038000-00038223 resistance so this would be the height
+1woJn__zbHA-00178-00038224-00038374 of the flagpole
+1woJn__zbHA-00179-00038375-00038518 and then you take the height of the
+1woJn__zbHA-00180-00038519-00038799 flagpole and you essentially flip it and
+1woJn__zbHA-00181-00038800-00039062 and this was our last touch of support
+1woJn__zbHA-00182-00039063-00039351 so we break resistance so then you look
+1woJn__zbHA-00183-00039352-00039446 and you say okay
+1woJn__zbHA-00184-00039447-00039687 we broke resistance here the price
+1woJn__zbHA-00185-00039688-00039879 target for this i'm expecting an
+1woJn__zbHA-00186-00039880-00040167 x dollar move based on this last touch
+1woJn__zbHA-00187-00040168-00040287 of support
+1woJn__zbHA-00188-00040288-00040487 i would say that the price target would
+1woJn__zbHA-00189-00040488-00040630 be here so
+1woJn__zbHA-00190-00040631-00040895 again you look at the price target based
+1woJn__zbHA-00191-00040896-00041023 on the uptrend
+1woJn__zbHA-00192-00041024-00041358 and you essentially kind of flip it over
+1woJn__zbHA-00193-00041359-00041567 and lay it on to the last touch of
+1woJn__zbHA-00194-00041568-00041662 support
+1woJn__zbHA-00195-00041663-00041967 and it'll give you the 100 price
+1woJn__zbHA-00196-00041968-00042279 target now another thing with the price
+1woJn__zbHA-00197-00042280-00042367 target is
+1woJn__zbHA-00198-00042368-00042639 you can also just kind of take a more
+1woJn__zbHA-00199-00042640-00042823 conservative approach
+1woJn__zbHA-00200-00042824-00043118 i don't have actual metrics you know
+1woJn__zbHA-00201-00043119-00043215 typically
+1woJn__zbHA-00202-00043216-00043487 price pattern site uh dot com or i'm
+1woJn__zbHA-00203-00043488-00043530 sorry
+1woJn__zbHA-00204-00043531-00043799 patternsite.com has really good reliable
+1woJn__zbHA-00205-00043800-00043911 information
+1woJn__zbHA-00206-00043912-00044143 for for pretty much every price pattern
+1woJn__zbHA-00207-00044144-00044295 but they don't have ball flags
+1woJn__zbHA-00208-00044296-00044423 specifically
+1woJn__zbHA-00209-00044424-00044590 so i can't really give you a strong
+1woJn__zbHA-00210-00044591-00044751 percentage meeting price
+1woJn__zbHA-00211-00044752-00044990 target but you know if you go around the
+1woJn__zbHA-00212-00044991-00045223 web you'll probably see anywhere from
+1woJn__zbHA-00213-00045224-00045599 between like 55 and 65
+1woJn__zbHA-00214-00045600-00045855 meeting price target so if you want you
+1woJn__zbHA-00215-00045856-00045911 can take
+1woJn__zbHA-00216-00045912-00046183 kind of a conservative price target and
+1woJn__zbHA-00217-00046184-00046246 take about
+1woJn__zbHA-00218-00046247-00046558 60 of the flagpole height
+1woJn__zbHA-00219-00046559-00046846 and take that as that first price target
+1woJn__zbHA-00220-00046847-00047023 so instead of the full height of this
+1woJn__zbHA-00221-00047024-00047151 flagpole
+1woJn__zbHA-00222-00047152-00047502 you you take a 60 move of this height
+1woJn__zbHA-00223-00047503-00047727 um and that would be kind of your
+1woJn__zbHA-00224-00047728-00047815 conservative
+1woJn__zbHA-00225-00047816-00048102 price target one uh and then you could
+1woJn__zbHA-00226-00048103-00048174 still
+1woJn__zbHA-00227-00048175-00048351 if you still feel bullish about it then
+1woJn__zbHA-00228-00048352-00048558 you could look to reach that full price
+1woJn__zbHA-00229-00048559-00048646 target
+1woJn__zbHA-00230-00048647-00048911 of the flagpole but just because a lot
+1woJn__zbHA-00231-00048912-00049118 of price patterns don't have that
+1woJn__zbHA-00232-00049119-00049279 that hundred percent meeting price
+1woJn__zbHA-00233-00049280-00049574 target or really any that i know of
+1woJn__zbHA-00234-00049575-00049783 uh then you definitely want to set some
+1woJn__zbHA-00235-00049784-00050015 more conservative price targets as
+1woJn__zbHA-00236-00050016-00050271 even the price target of the entire
+1woJn__zbHA-00237-00050272-00050383 flagpole
+1woJn__zbHA-00238-00050384-00050607 might not be the most realistic in terms
+1woJn__zbHA-00239-00050608-00050790 of expectations
+1woJn__zbHA-00240-00050791-00051079 but again this is really how you want to
+1woJn__zbHA-00241-00051080-00051223 calculate your price
+1woJn__zbHA-00242-00051224-00051558 targets based on the ball flag pattern
+1woJn__zbHA-00243-00051559-00051838 and again you can see just in terms of
+1woJn__zbHA-00244-00051839-00051982 the volume i know we talked about it
+1woJn__zbHA-00245-00051983-00052070 before
+1woJn__zbHA-00246-00052071-00052254 but you're going to have nice volume
+1woJn__zbHA-00247-00052255-00052399 here on the uptrend
+1woJn__zbHA-00248-00052400-00052526 you're probably going to have the
+1woJn__zbHA-00249-00052527-00052775 highest volume of the consolidation
+1woJn__zbHA-00250-00052776-00053007 pattern here on this first rejection of
+1woJn__zbHA-00251-00053008-00053119 resistance
+1woJn__zbHA-00252-00053120-00053359 and then volume should descend through
+1woJn__zbHA-00253-00053360-00053479 the flag
+1woJn__zbHA-00254-00053479-00053750 and then you should finally get a spike
+1woJn__zbHA-00255-00053751-00054007 in volume that's associated with
+1woJn__zbHA-00256-00054008-00054247 the breakout and where the buyers step
+1woJn__zbHA-00257-00054248-00054311 in
+1woJn__zbHA-00258-00054312-00054454 and that's really going to indicate
+1woJn__zbHA-00259-00054455-00054623 where you can kind of take a long
+1woJn__zbHA-00260-00054624-00054766 position
+1woJn__zbHA-00261-00054767-00055023 and hope to reach your price targets as
+1woJn__zbHA-00262-00055024-00055303 dictated by the flag pole
+1woJn__zbHA-00263-00055304-00055671 and then again flags are a great way
+1woJn__zbHA-00264-00055672-00055911 to kind of just set your trade because
+1woJn__zbHA-00265-00055912-00056071 you know the area
+1woJn__zbHA-00266-00056072-00056294 of resistance and once you break above
+1woJn__zbHA-00267-00056295-00056542 this area of resistance of the flag
+1woJn__zbHA-00268-00056544-00056807 you can set your stop loss based on that
+1woJn__zbHA-00269-00056808-00056871 so
+1woJn__zbHA-00270-00056872-00057119 if you do get a high volume breakout and
+1woJn__zbHA-00271-00057120-00057238 prices run
+1woJn__zbHA-00272-00057239-00057423 that's awesome that's a it's a great
+1woJn__zbHA-00273-00057424-00057623 trade but if you get
+1woJn__zbHA-00274-00057624-00057942 a decent breakout and but prices kind of
+1woJn__zbHA-00275-00057944-00058271 retrace on low volume or prices retrace
+1woJn__zbHA-00276-00058272-00058447 on high volume even
+1woJn__zbHA-00277-00058448-00058726 you know what your stop loss is you know
+1woJn__zbHA-00278-00058727-00058782 you can
+1woJn__zbHA-00279-00058783-00059094 use this previous area of resistance
+1woJn__zbHA-00280-00059095-00059359 as a stop loss this was your entry and
+1woJn__zbHA-00281-00059360-00059599 you know that if prices retrace beyond
+1woJn__zbHA-00282-00059600-00059679 here
+1woJn__zbHA-00283-00059679-00059879 and then and they break this level with
+1woJn__zbHA-00284-00059879-00060094 volume then prices are likely going to
+1woJn__zbHA-00285-00060095-00060159 fall and
+1woJn__zbHA-00286-00060160-00060575 enter this flag this flag range again
+1woJn__zbHA-00287-00060576-00060806 so again once it breaks beyond that
+1woJn__zbHA-00288-00060807-00060879 level
+1woJn__zbHA-00289-00060879-00061071 it's likely to kind of develop a new
+1woJn__zbHA-00290-00061072-00061311 trend or develop a new pattern so
+1woJn__zbHA-00291-00061312-00061623 that's kind of a good example of using
+1woJn__zbHA-00292-00061624-00061735 the flag
+1woJn__zbHA-00293-00061736-00061991 to be able to place your entries and
+1woJn__zbHA-00294-00061991-00062182 also your stop losses and understand
+1woJn__zbHA-00295-00062183-00062319 what would happen if
+1woJn__zbHA-00296-00062320-00062599 if things went well but also have a plan
+1woJn__zbHA-00297-00062600-00062687 if things went
+1woJn__zbHA-00298-00062688-00063054 poorly so again the bull flag is just a
+1woJn__zbHA-00299-00063055-00063230 really solid pattern that
+1woJn__zbHA-00300-00063232-00063375 if you don't have i would highly
+1woJn__zbHA-00301-00063376-00063630 recommend adding it to your arsenal
+1woJn__zbHA-00302-00063632-00063887 of of trading patterns that you watch
+1woJn__zbHA-00303-00063888-00064023 out for
+1woJn__zbHA-00304-00064024-00064254 on a daily basis so it's definitely one
+1woJn__zbHA-00305-00064255-00064447 of my favorites and
+1woJn__zbHA-00306-00064448-00064703 i hope you learned something about both
+1woJn__zbHA-00307-00064704-00064879 flags today so if you guys have
+1woJn__zbHA-00308-00064879-00065150 any questions at all please just leave a
+1woJn__zbHA-00309-00065151-00065294 comment below
+1woJn__zbHA-00310-00065295-00065479 and i hope that you guys have had a
+1woJn__zbHA-00311-00065479-00065671 great time trading this week
+1woJn__zbHA-00312-00065672-00065919 and thank you so much for joining me so
+1woJn__zbHA-00313-00065920-00066031 have a great day
+1woJn__zbHA-00314-00066032-00066400 thanks so much bye
+1xV262IdZWk-00000-00001705-00003082 stories from Parliament the fire of 1834
+1xV262IdZWk-00001-00003083-00003647 I keep coming back to this dreadful spot
+1xV262IdZWk-00002-00003648-00003996 it's so horrible to see it like this
+1xV262IdZWk-00003-00003997-00004288 but you want to hear about the fire
+1xV262IdZWk-00004-00004289-00004661 don't you not listen to me rabbiting on
+1xV262IdZWk-00005-00004662-00005143 so first things first I'm mrs. Wright
+1xV262IdZWk-00006-00005144-00005422 deputy housekeeper at the Palace of
+1xV262IdZWk-00007-00005423-00005866 Westminster but is sorry was the home of
+1xV262IdZWk-00008-00005867-00006181 parliament right here next to the River
+1xV262IdZWk-00009-00006182-00006475 Thames in London way back in history
+1xV262IdZWk-00010-00006476-00006828 kings and queens lived here Henry VIII
+1xV262IdZWk-00011-00006829-00007039 8th was the last of them and he thought
+1xV262IdZWk-00012-00007040-00007339 the place was getting a bit rundown so
+1xV262IdZWk-00013-00007340-00007606 he gave the building to Parliament and
+1xV262IdZWk-00014-00007606-00007801 why shouldn't the people have a palace
+1xV262IdZWk-00015-00007802-00008206 to make their laws in so come the awful
+1xV262IdZWk-00016-00008207-00008674 day October the 16th 1834 and two
+1xV262IdZWk-00017-00008675-00008935 workmen arrived to speak to the clerk of
+1xV262IdZWk-00018-00008936-00009259 works come on Matthew look sharp
+1xV262IdZWk-00019-00009260-00009628 I knew what they were about the clerk of
+1xV262IdZWk-00020-00009629-00009895 Works had hired them to burn a pile of
+1xV262IdZWk-00021-00009896-00010207 old tally sticks they were an old way of
+1xV262IdZWk-00022-00010208-00010501 remembering if someone owed money with a
+1xV262IdZWk-00023-00010502-00010858 mark made on a stick Parliament didn't
+1xV262IdZWk-00024-00010859-00011083 use the system anymore and there was a
+1xV262IdZWk-00025-00011084-00011344 huge pile of these old sticks cluttering
+1xV262IdZWk-00026-00011345-00011599 up the basement so they all had to be
+1xV262IdZWk-00027-00011600-00011889 burned as the clerk of works explained
+1xV262IdZWk-00028-00011890-00012079 so is that clear
+1xV262IdZWk-00029-00012080-00012409 two of you two furnaces get this pile of
+1xV262IdZWk-00030-00012410-00012622 old wood out of the way once and for all
+1xV262IdZWk-00031-00012623-00012829 burn along exactly burn the whole
+1xV262IdZWk-00032-00012830-00013269 wretched lot and so they did they worked
+1xV262IdZWk-00033-00013270-00013539 all morning and into the afternoon and
+1xV262IdZWk-00034-00013540-00013791 when I took some visitors into the House
+1xV262IdZWk-00035-00013793-00014283 of Lords
+1xV262IdZWk-00036-00014284-00015028 I am dreadfully sorry I was rather
+1xV262IdZWk-00037-00015029-00015253 worried and told the clerk of Works
+1xV262IdZWk-00038-00015254-00015613 about the smoke fire makes smoke mrs.
+1xV262IdZWk-00039-00015613-00015943 Wright I don't fret it will soon be over
+1xV262IdZWk-00040-00015944-00016303 I retired to my room with no idea what
+1xV262IdZWk-00041-00016304-00016432 was going on beneath
+1xV262IdZWk-00042-00016433-00016768 House of Lords you see the fire had
+1xV262IdZWk-00043-00016769-00017086 become so hot that it had set the floor
+1xV262IdZWk-00044-00017087-00017557 alight I must have dozed off because the
+1xV262IdZWk-00045-00017558-00018418 next thing I knew the doorkeepers wife
+1xV262IdZWk-00046-00018419-00018538 raised the alarm
+1xV262IdZWk-00047-00018539-00018790 and now the clerk of works had changed
+1xV262IdZWk-00048-00018791-00019723 his June I hurried out and on with
+1xV262IdZWk-00049-00019724-00019942 everyone else and stood a safe distance
+1xV262IdZWk-00050-00019943-00020302 away boats began to stop along the river
+1xV262IdZWk-00051-00020303-00020560 is a great crowd gathered to watch on
+1xV262IdZWk-00052-00020561-00020878 land and on the water by 7:00 that
+1xV262IdZWk-00053-00020879-00021115 evening the whole of the House of Lords
+1xV262IdZWk-00054-00021116-00021679 was ablaze you may fetch water for
+1xV262IdZWk-00055-00021680-00022132 Machane fetch water mr. bradwood chief
+1xV262IdZWk-00056-00022133-00022344 of the London Fire angel establishment
+1xV262IdZWk-00057-00022345-00022896 arrived on the scene get that engine
+1xV262IdZWk-00058-00022897-00023672 right there but it was no use
+1xV262IdZWk-00059-00023673-00024576 at 7:30 the roof caved in then at 8
+1xV262IdZWk-00060-00024577-00024990 o'clock the House of Commons caught fire
+1xV262IdZWk-00061-00024991-00025302 and suddenly it seemed like the whole of
+1xV262IdZWk-00062-00025303-00026052 Parliament was burning for a moment all
+1xV262IdZWk-00063-00026052-00026382 the frantic activity stopped as everyone
+1xV262IdZWk-00064-00026383-00026685 who looked up in horror we couldn't
+1xV262IdZWk-00065-00026686-00026945 believe what we were seeing
+1xV262IdZWk-00066-00026945-00028064 then James grave with rallied his men
+1xV262IdZWk-00067-00028064-00028370 one works as if there was no tomorrow
+1xV262IdZWk-00068-00028370-00028637 but for the Old Palace of Westminster
+1xV262IdZWk-00069-00028638-00028889 there was no tomorrow
+1xV262IdZWk-00070-00028889-00029183 just one part of the ancient palace
+1xV262IdZWk-00071-00029185-00029465 remains the great magnificent
+1xV262IdZWk-00072-00029466-00029600 Westminster Hall
+1xV262IdZWk-00073-00029601-00030002 it was nearly 800 years old and it had
+1xV262IdZWk-00074-00030004-00030344 the most splendid huge wooden beams roof
+1xV262IdZWk-00075-00030345-00030827 surely it would survive but then at 10
+1xV262IdZWk-00076-00030829-00031227 o'clock we can't stop it sir whispering
+1xV262IdZWk-00077-00031227-00031362 stall has caught fire
+1xV262IdZWk-00078-00031363-00031683 don't give up there point your hoses at
+1xV262IdZWk-00079-00031683-00031902 the roof I don't care what it takes
+1xV262IdZWk-00080-00031902-00032292 Daniel's back room quick water save
+1xV262IdZWk-00081-00032293-00032645 whispers to hold it over that was Lord
+1xV262IdZWk-00082-00032647-00032943 now born the Prime Minister himself you
+1xV262IdZWk-00083-00032944-00033195 are the primary stop
+1xV262IdZWk-00084-00033196-00033768 water quickly this is the point of your
+1xV262IdZWk-00085-00033769-00034133 life they're saved Westminster together
+1xV262IdZWk-00086-00034134-00034437 do not let the whole of Parliament be
+1xV262IdZWk-00087-00034438-00034870 destroyed then maybe the Lord heard our
+1xV262IdZWk-00088-00034871-00035187 prayers because the wind shifted just a
+1xV262IdZWk-00089-00035188-00035508 little and maybe the thick old wheels of
+1xV262IdZWk-00090-00035509-00035799 the whole played their part and there
+1xV262IdZWk-00091-00035800-00036012 were ladders and scaffolding already in
+1xV262IdZWk-00092-00036013-00036310 the hole from some repair work whatever
+1xV262IdZWk-00093-00036311-00036662 the reason the fire was finally beaten
+1xV262IdZWk-00094-00036663-00037892 god be praised
+1xV262IdZWk-00095-00037893-00038423 but oh when the Sun came up the next day
+1xV262IdZWk-00096-00038424-00038740 it looked down on a charred landscape
+1xV262IdZWk-00097-00038741-00039195 and they're right in front of me half
+1xV262IdZWk-00098-00039196-00039596 buried and half Birds was a single tally
+1xV262IdZWk-00099-00039597-00039933 stick sticking out of the ground like it
+1xV262IdZWk-00100-00039934-00040215 was mocking me for not complaining more
+1xV262IdZWk-00101-00040216-00040655 the day before but Westminster Hall was
+1xV262IdZWk-00102-00040656-00041083 saved that magnificent medieval
+1xV262IdZWk-00103-00041084-00041318 masterpiece with it's stunning wooden
+1xV262IdZWk-00104-00041319-00041835 roof survived and now there is to be a
+1xV262IdZWk-00105-00041836-00042108 competition amongst architects to design
+1xV262IdZWk-00106-00042109-00042489 a new Palace of Westminster there is
+1xV262IdZWk-00107-00042490-00042864 talk of an enormous clock tower so that
+1xV262IdZWk-00108-00042865-00043068 people will be able to see their
+1xV262IdZWk-00109-00043069-00043499 Parliament for miles around I wonder if
+1xV262IdZWk-00110-00043500-00043767 I will live to hear that giant clock
+1xV262IdZWk-00112-00048010-00048216 you
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00000-00000461-00001819 a hog farmer is not just a customer of
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00001-00001820-00002127 ours I view a hog farmer as somebody who
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00002-00002128-00002442 produces food for a hungry world the
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00003-00002443-00002680 real true this it's in my opinion one of
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00004-00002681-00002925 the most noble professions this earth
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00005-00002926-00003289 has for over 30 years
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00006-00003290-00003475 crystal spring hog equipment has
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00007-00003476-00003693 manufactured proven equipment to help
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00008-00003694-00003921 swine producers meet annual increases in
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00009-00003922-00004321 the global demand for pork combining the
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00010-00004322-00004539 innovative ideas of a creative community
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00011-00004540-00004702 of inventors with old-world
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00012-00004703-00004975 craftsmanship crystal spring helps their
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00013-00004976-00005325 customers feed pigs to feed the world a
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00014-00005326-00005532 combination of a farming lifestyle
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00015-00005533-00005788 communal atmosphere an entrepreneurial
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00016-00005789-00006054 spirit allowed Jonathan Kleinsasser and
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00017-00006055-00006277 other community members to imagine a
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00018-00006278-00006673 better way to feed hogs in the early
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00019-00006673-00006958 1980s crystal spring hog equipment was
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00020-00006959-00007147 formed to leverage the expertise and
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00021-00007148-00007359 ideas of the members of the crystal
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00022-00007361-00007600 spring Hutterite community in Manitoba
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00023-00007601-00008005 Canada these ideas led to several
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00024-00008006-00008179 remarkable innovations that helped
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00025-00008180-00008377 revolutionize modern pork production
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00026-00008378-00008578 including the original patented and
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00027-00008579-00009228 still the ultimate wet/dry hog feeder
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00028-00009229-00009548 one person alone doesn't invent things
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00029-00009549-00009905 it's a group effort makes an inventor an
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00030-00009906-00010130 inventor is a person who is passionate
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00031-00010131-00010355 about the work he does and if you're
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00032-00010356-00010559 passionate enthusiastic about the work
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00033-00010560-00010757 you do you will continue to think of
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00034-00010758-00010988 ways to make it better and better and
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00035-00010989-00011048 better
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00036-00011049-00011288 kristan spring hog equipment is a
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00037-00011289-00011467 company that was started by some
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00038-00011468-00011710 innovation a few years before it was
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00039-00011711-00011999 started we didn't plan it and didn't
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00040-00012000-00012349 think that it would be could be having
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00041-00012350-00012641 your own ideas on how to farm how to
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00042-00012642-00012890 build and rebuild the equipment you get
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00043-00012891-00013060 to the point where never you get some
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00044-00013061-00013241 piece of equipment you try and improve
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00045-00013241-00013565 over what it is and that started in our
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00046-00013566-00013768 hog barn when we started manufacturing
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00047-00013769-00014116 very first feeders way back when we
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00048-00014118-00014336 didn't build feeders we bought feeders
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00049-00014337-00014534 and I had some good friends and one a
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00050-00014535-00014747 peg who had a manufacturing plant and we
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00051-00014747-00014888 approached them could you make some
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00052-00014888-00015062 stainless steel feeders for us in the
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00053-00015063-00015230 year later they were falling apart
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00054-00015231-00015503 everywhere that's kind of the time when
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00055-00015504-00015683 I was working in a shop here where I
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00056-00015684-00015947 made the decision we're not gonna throw
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00057-00015947-00016130 good money after bad money we're gonna
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00058-00016131-00016538 try and make our own feeders the crystal
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00059-00016539-00016763 spring hog feeder came out of some ideas
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00060-00016764-00016925 some collaboration between several
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00061-00016926-00017114 people on the community that they
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00062-00017115-00017309 thought there would be a better way and
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00063-00017310-00017531 they took the time to make the better
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00064-00017532-00017777 way and then they iterated on it until
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00065-00017778-00017990 it was a great idea since then we've
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00066-00017991-00018215 been able to improve on it come up with
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00067-00018216-00018431 ideas smaller ideas that keep it better
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00068-00018432-00018689 we have a broad customer base that tells
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00069-00018690-00018934 us what to do so when we get ideas we
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00070-00018935-00019169 take them from the customers we bounce
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00071-00019170-00019369 them around here and try and turn those
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00072-00019370-00019730 ideas into better products as a company
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00073-00019731-00020033 we have a lot of freedom to make
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00074-00020034-00020336 mistakes the benefit to that is it
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00075-00020337-00020564 allows us to be more creative to give
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00076-00020565-00020780 the customer better products because
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00077-00020781-00020950 we're not afraid of innovating and
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00078-00020951-00021344 taking risky moves on our products our
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00079-00021345-00021562 motivational tool is having great
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00080-00021563-00021775 machinery learning how to build that
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00081-00021776-00021994 learning how to make great products and
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00082-00021995-00022199 always improving it
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00083-00022200-00022453 and it's all part of inventing and then
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00084-00022454-00022748 fine-tuning your product if we have the
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00085-00022749-00022988 best feeder today I can assure you a
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00086-00022989-00023189 year down the road or two there will be
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00087-00023190-00023384 another improvement and another
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00088-00023385-00023633 improvement and another improvement we
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00089-00023634-00023855 work very closely with our customers and
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00090-00023856-00024086 we work very closely together with the
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00091-00024087-00024523 group in this colony if we have a
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00092-00024524-00024812 problem we don't depend on just one
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00093-00024813-00025106 person solving it it becomes the problem
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00094-00025107-00025325 for all of us to solve I have never
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00095-00025326-00025658 looked at a problem as an obstacle I've
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00096-00025658-00025955 always looked at a problem as a stepping
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00097-00025956-00026194 stone to a better product I'm not in
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00098-00026195-00026354 this business for so many years and then
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00099-00026355-00026695 out of it I pass this on to my children
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00100-00026697-00026885 and I expect my children to pass it on
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00101-00026886-00027139 to their children and hopefully in the
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00102-00027141-00027443 process of working together with them I
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00103-00027444-00027650 can instill in them that passion to
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00104-00027651-00027998 improve that passion to make this good
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00105-00027999-00028390 product even better crystal spring hard
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00106-00028391-00028580 equipment is part of crystal spring
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00107-00028581-00028829 Hutterite colony a communal branch of
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00108-00028830-00029039 the Anabaptist christian faith who
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00109-00029039-00029225 traced their religion to the same 16th
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00110-00029226-00029432 century roots as many Amish and
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00111-00029433-00030035 Mennonite communities I feel that every
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00112-00030036-00030194 one of the younger people that are
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00113-00030195-00030490 working out they're a part of my family
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00114-00030491-00030782 somehow they are not related to me but
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00115-00030783-00031010 we have a camaraderie here in the shop
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00116-00031011-00031358 we have a a bond that if somebody hurts
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00117-00031358-00031586 I would hurt with them I like to think
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00118-00031587-00031877 they feel the same way about me you
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00119-00031877-00032177 become so tied together so bonded that
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00120-00032177-00032474 it can operate as one unit every person
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00121-00032475-00032732 the whole manufacturing facility you've
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00122-00032733-00032876 lived together with them for many years
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00123-00032877-00033056 you went to school with them you went to
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00124-00033057-00033239 high school with them you went went to
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00125-00033240-00033521 grade school their families their
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00126-00033522-00033770 brothers their sisters their working
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00127-00033771-00034088 here as well as a community we all work
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00128-00034089-00034174 here
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00129-00034175-00034504 we live here the legacy that we've been
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00130-00034505-00034678 given and the responsibility to that
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00131-00034679-00034987 that we have to pass on these ethics and
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00132-00034988-00035272 the culture that we have we are
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00133-00035273-00035527 surrounded by so much loved by so much
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00134-00035528-00035809 family by so many friends here I think
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00135-00035810-00036315 that's what makes this life so rich
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00136-00036316-00036595 crystal spring hog equipment is a group
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00137-00036596-00036991 of dedicated passionate people they're
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00138-00036992-00037159 very passionate about what they do
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00139-00037160-00037429 they're very responsible with what they
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00140-00037430-00037654 do where no one is how you put the
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00141-00037655-00037927 Builder so it can start as an idea
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00142-00037928-00038197 sometimes from a customer sometimes from
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00143-00038198-00038419 someone in here and turn into a product
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00144-00038420-00038668 the technology we have here at Crystal
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00145-00038669-00038884 Springs it's allowed us to give
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00146-00038885-00039115 consistent parts to our customers in
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00147-00039116-00039367 addition to that it also freed up our
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00148-00039368-00039615 operators from the repetitive heavy work
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00149-00039616-00039802 to allow them to become precision
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00150-00039803-00040003 machine operators and to drive our
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00151-00040004-00040534 innovation from that point everybody
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00152-00040535-00040885 here at Crystal Spring is motivated by
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00153-00040886-00041098 making a great product that is really
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00154-00041099-00041320 our only motivation that we try and
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00155-00041321-00041503 improve things whether in the product of
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00156-00041504-00041719 the process or the business or our
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00157-00041720-00041881 relationships and our relationships with
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00158-00041882-00042100 our customer as crystal spring equipment
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00159-00042101-00042418 or our vendors they know why we need
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00160-00042419-00042607 things the way we do because that helps
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00161-00042608-00042796 our customer get a better product here
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00162-00042797-00042996 at Crystal spring hog equipment we build
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00163-00042997-00043261 a piece of metal anybody else can
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00164-00043262-00043495 measure that look at it
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00165-00043496-00043804 duplicate it if we allow that to be all
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00166-00043805-00044077 that we do then we'll be duplicated and
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00167-00044078-00044332 driven out of the market very quickly if
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00168-00044333-00044515 we are listening to our customers and
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00169-00044516-00044689 the problems they are seeing then we
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00170-00044690-00044857 have the opportunity to catch a good
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00171-00044858-00045148 idea first and then use that and ride
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00172-00045149-00045579 that to our next innovation
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00173-00045580-00045855 I think you should buy my feet or
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00174-00045856-00046208 because of the history behind it the
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00175-00046209-00046443 many years of development and experience
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00176-00046444-00046814 and the generation after generation of
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00177-00046815-00047118 service that's behind it since spring
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00178-00047119-00047427 hog equipment is a company they can rest
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00179-00047428-00047687 assured will look after their product
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00180-00047688-00048054 their customers not just now but many
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00181-00048055-00048330 years down the road in the future
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00182-00048331-00048645 generation after generation and you're
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00183-00048646-00048855 not alone if you have a problem we will
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00184-00048856-00049062 look after you we will improve your
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00185-00049063-00049287 product we will stand behind what you
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00186-00049288-00049542 have we will help you use it so it makes
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00187-00049543-00049802 money for you we're not here today and
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00188-00049803-00050073 gone tomorrow we're here to stay I have
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00189-00050074-00050280 full confidence that the next generation
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00190-00050281-00050430 and the generation after that will
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00191-00050431-00050883 continue that legacy
+1zeX_9mFHvy-00192-00050884-00052053 [Music]
+1_i0dji9Om8-00000-00000757-00001491 [Music]
+1_i0dji9Om8-00001-00001492-00002850 hmm huh
+1_i0dji9Om8-00002-00002851-00003503 [Music]
+1_i0dji9Om8-00003-00003504-00004327 oh so good
+1_i0dji9Om8-00004-00004328-00004527 nope
+1_i0dji9Om8-00005-00004528-00004916 hello
+1_i0dji9Om8-00006-00004917-00005831 [Music]
+1_i0dji9Om8-00007-00005832-00006311 this big brain time
+1_i0dji9Om8-00008-00006312-00006440 oh come on man
+1_i0dji9Om8-00009-00006441-00007127 [Music]
+1_i0dji9Om8-00010-00007128-00007339 forget billy bill is dead
+1_i0dji9Om8-00011-00007340-00008469 [Music]
+1_i0dji9Om8-00012-00008470-00009303 [Music]
+1_i0dji9Om8-00013-00009304-00009652 here we go
+1_GzEHEhph8-00000-00000024-00000353 this is the first Dodge Viper this is
+1_GzEHEhph8-00001-00000354-00000634 the latest Dodge Viper and this is every
+1_GzEHEhph8-00002-00000635-00000857 Viper in between throughout the 90s and
+1_GzEHEhph8-00003-00000858-00001097 2000s the Viper was America's Supercar
+1_GzEHEhph8-00004-00001098-00001391 and then they canceled it
+1_GzEHEhph8-00005-00001392-00001636 why did a seemingly incredible car fail
+1_GzEHEhph8-00006-00001637-00001810 why are so many people obsessed with it
+1_GzEHEhph8-00007-00001811-00002032 and which one's the best well today
+1_GzEHEhph8-00008-00002034-00002260 we're gonna drive each of them to find
+1_GzEHEhph8-00009-00002261-00002597 out
+1_GzEHEhph8-00010-00002598-00003095 oh
+1_GzEHEhph8-00011-00003096-00003511 okay I'm gonna stop welcome to Donut
+1_GzEHEhph8-00012-00003511-00003670 [Applause]
+1_GzEHEhph8-00013-00003671-00003856 the Viper brand as a whole has a
+1_GzEHEhph8-00014-00003857-00004036 reputation for being extremely
+1_GzEHEhph8-00015-00004037-00004186 unforgiving putting you at risk of
+1_GzEHEhph8-00016-00004187-00004409 spitting out at every turn and for no
+1_GzEHEhph8-00017-00004410-00004613 generation is that notoriety stronger
+1_GzEHEhph8-00018-00004614-00004765 than with the first generation
+1_GzEHEhph8-00019-00004766-00005370 [Music]
+1_GzEHEhph8-00020-00005371-00005645 the one that started it all Nolan now
+1_GzEHEhph8-00021-00005646-00005818 back in the day this thing was pretty
+1_GzEHEhph8-00022-00005819-00006083 wild it made 400 horsepower went 0 to 60
+1_GzEHEhph8-00023-00006084-00006436 in 4.5 seconds and only cost you 50 000
+1_GzEHEhph8-00024-00006437-00006628 bucks right now we're standing next to
+1_GzEHEhph8-00025-00006629-00006778 one of our all-time dream cars right
+1_GzEHEhph8-00026-00006779-00007084 here let's just drive it Jerry
+1_GzEHEhph8-00027-00007086-00007342 all right pretty snug very Spartan
+1_GzEHEhph8-00028-00007343-00007625 interior very 90s Dodge in here from the
+1_GzEHEhph8-00029-00007626-00007913 radio to the climate control to the
+1_GzEHEhph8-00030-00007914-00008159 gauges the these vents are pretty wild
+1_GzEHEhph8-00031-00008159-00008459 yeah
+1_GzEHEhph8-00032-00008460-00008717 there you go a beach in Crank It Up and
+1_GzEHEhph8-00033-00008718-00009095 we're off baby
+1_GzEHEhph8-00034-00009096-00009341 I can't believe I'm doing this dude I
+1_GzEHEhph8-00035-00009342-00009545 can't believe we're doing this Jerry but
+1_GzEHEhph8-00036-00009546-00009737 this is like a dream come true if
+1_GzEHEhph8-00037-00009738-00009910 there's ever a Florida car it's this
+1_GzEHEhph8-00038-00009911-00010405 yeah
+1_GzEHEhph8-00039-00010406-00010673 let's talk about why this car exists at
+1_GzEHEhph8-00040-00010674-00010901 all in the late 80s Dodge mostly built
+1_GzEHEhph8-00041-00010902-00011153 economy cars and they weren't very good
+1_GzEHEhph8-00042-00011154-00011351 Dodge's reputation was in the gutter
+1_GzEHEhph8-00043-00011352-00011621 they needed a cool car it came about
+1_GzEHEhph8-00044-00011622-00011896 primarily because Dodge was developing a
+1_GzEHEhph8-00045-00011897-00012088 V10 engine for their trucks and a couple
+1_GzEHEhph8-00046-00012089-00012317 people at Chrysler got together and said
+1_GzEHEhph8-00047-00012318-00012485 hey wouldn't it be cool if we built a
+1_GzEHEhph8-00048-00012486-00012683 sports car that had a V10 in it the
+1_GzEHEhph8-00049-00012684-00012844 accepted narrative is that the Viper
+1_GzEHEhph8-00050-00012845-00013037 lacks any Creature Comforts because team
+1_GzEHEhph8-00051-00013038-00013313 Viper wanted to build as raw a car as
+1_GzEHEhph8-00052-00013313-00014038 possible
+1_GzEHEhph8-00053-00014040-00014194 is that skipping things like traction
+1_GzEHEhph8-00054-00014195-00014399 control air conditioning and a roof
+1_GzEHEhph8-00055-00014400-00014572 mainly just helped save a bunch of money
+1_GzEHEhph8-00056-00014573-00014765 they were given less than 50 million
+1_GzEHEhph8-00057-00014766-00014965 dollars to build an entire car
+1_GzEHEhph8-00058-00014966-00015244 manufacturers regularly spend over a
+1_GzEHEhph8-00059-00015245-00015436 billion dollars developing new models
+1_GzEHEhph8-00060-00015437-00015707 when the rt-10 Viper debuted it blew
+1_GzEHEhph8-00061-00015708-00015994 people's minds the car was extremely raw
+1_GzEHEhph8-00062-00015995-00016211 no driver AIDS meant that you were on
+1_GzEHEhph8-00063-00016212-00016421 your own if things went wrong and a lot
+1_GzEHEhph8-00064-00016422-00016594 of early vipers were crashed by their
+1_GzEHEhph8-00065-00016595-00016691 owners
+1_GzEHEhph8-00066-00016692-00017513 oh
+1_GzEHEhph8-00067-00017514-00017711 nice
+1_GzEHEhph8-00068-00017712-00017915 yeah
+1_GzEHEhph8-00069-00017916-00018611 yes
+1_GzEHEhph8-00070-00018612-00018808 I feel good dude you know after you get
+1_GzEHEhph8-00071-00018809-00019030 like a massage yeah that's how I feel
+1_GzEHEhph8-00072-00019031-00019294 right now a little bit of Viper therapy
+1_GzEHEhph8-00073-00019295-00019571 I got some hypotherapy I feel great and
+1_GzEHEhph8-00074-00019572-00019733 they're scared no one a little bit I
+1_GzEHEhph8-00075-00019734-00019883 don't know all right here's the d-list
+1_GzEHEhph8-00076-00019884-00020099 we're gonna rank all the Vipers uh on
+1_GzEHEhph8-00077-00020100-00020267 the basis of which one we want the most
+1_GzEHEhph8-00078-00020268-00020483 right that was really good that's up
+1_GzEHEhph8-00079-00020484-00020749 there I'm gonna put it right here
+1_GzEHEhph8-00080-00020750-00021144 childhood dream also achieve dude
+1_GzEHEhph8-00081-00021145-00021407 it's so much fun oh dude that was
+1_GzEHEhph8-00082-00021408-00021869 amazing oh next car yeah
+1_GzEHEhph8-00083-00021870-00022067 the team had more time to develop the
+1_GzEHEhph8-00084-00022068-00022289 next Viper and it basically revised the
+1_GzEHEhph8-00085-00022290-00022535 entire car a staggering ninety percent
+1_GzEHEhph8-00086-00022536-00022721 of the first Viper's parts were changed
+1_GzEHEhph8-00087-00022722-00022943 but that's likely because Dodge upgraded
+1_GzEHEhph8-00088-00022944-00023158 their design software and had to redraw
+1_GzEHEhph8-00089-00023159-00023386 every piece which brings us to the
+1_GzEHEhph8-00090-00023387-00023557 second generation
+1_GzEHEhph8-00091-00023558-00023905 [Music]
+1_GzEHEhph8-00092-00023906-00024178 the Gen 2 Viper is basically the Evil
+1_GzEHEhph8-00093-00024179-00024394 Dead 2 of Viper basically it was a
+1_GzEHEhph8-00094-00024395-00024622 remake of the first one they just had a
+1_GzEHEhph8-00095-00024623-00024767 bigger budget this is the big one for me
+1_GzEHEhph8-00096-00024768-00024953 Jerry this is my dream car right now
+1_GzEHEhph8-00097-00024954-00025228 this is my model of a 1997 GTS Coupe
+1_GzEHEhph8-00098-00025229-00025385 like this my grandma gave this to me
+1_GzEHEhph8-00099-00025386-00025600 when I was four years old and I can't
+1_GzEHEhph8-00100-00025601-00025744 believe I finally get to drive home well
+1_GzEHEhph8-00101-00025745-00025900 let's not waste any more time come on
+1_GzEHEhph8-00102-00025901-00026081 drive this sucker oh my God the pedals
+1_GzEHEhph8-00103-00026082-00026320 are even further over to the left you
+1_GzEHEhph8-00104-00026322-00026501 have to move over even further yeah
+1_GzEHEhph8-00105-00026502-00026693 how's that shifter feel this feels
+1_GzEHEhph8-00106-00026694-00026861 better than the first gen already it's
+1_GzEHEhph8-00107-00026862-00027101 easier to find the gears let's crank her
+1_GzEHEhph8-00108-00027102-00027324 up
+1_GzEHEhph8-00109-00027325-00027467 [Music]
+1_GzEHEhph8-00110-00027468-00027683 I'm just
+1_GzEHEhph8-00111-00027683-00027899 enjoying this right here because Viper
+1_GzEHEhph8-00112-00027900-00028108 had more time to tweak the Viper the Gen
+1_GzEHEhph8-00113-00028110-00028301 2 is a little easier to drive the
+1_GzEHEhph8-00114-00028302-00028451 revised suspension and weight balance
+1_GzEHEhph8-00115-00028452-00028907 means it's more forgiving in theory
+1_GzEHEhph8-00116-00028908-00029062 I'm going for it man this is my dream
+1_GzEHEhph8-00117-00029063-00029383 car
+1_GzEHEhph8-00118-00029383-00029693 definitely on a Razor's Edge I can kind
+1_GzEHEhph8-00119-00029694-00029843 of feel right when you're getting close
+1_GzEHEhph8-00120-00029844-00030107 to it stepping out but it lets you know
+1_GzEHEhph8-00121-00030108-00030311 what's going on you know it tells you
+1_GzEHEhph8-00122-00030312-00030514 what it likes and what it does and as
+1_GzEHEhph8-00123-00030516-00030670 we'll see over course of the Viper's
+1_GzEHEhph8-00124-00030672-00030839 life that's kind of what him Viper was
+1_GzEHEhph8-00125-00030839-00030977 going for they wanted a car that could
+1_GzEHEhph8-00126-00030977-00031229 commit
+1_GzEHEhph8-00127-00031230-00031457 it feels like an upgraded version for
+1_GzEHEhph8-00128-00031458-00031552 sure
+1_GzEHEhph8-00129-00031554-00031696 for sure it's similar but it just feels
+1_GzEHEhph8-00130-00031697-00031883 like it's up a notch everything's just
+1_GzEHEhph8-00131-00031883-00032123 been upgraded elevated yeah a big change
+1_GzEHEhph8-00132-00032124-00032302 for the second generation was the GTS
+1_GzEHEhph8-00133-00032303-00032573 coupe's roof the first gen's Target top
+1_GzEHEhph8-00134-00032574-00032837 was super leaky and buyers didn't like
+1_GzEHEhph8-00135-00032838-00033077 that plus a hard top roof would improve
+1_GzEHEhph8-00136-00033078-00033281 aerodynamics immensely you could still
+1_GzEHEhph8-00137-00033282-00033490 buy an rg10 Roadster with a removable
+1_GzEHEhph8-00138-00033491-00033718 hardtop but the GTS is the one people
+1_GzEHEhph8-00139-00033719-00033940 remember probably because it was in a
+1_GzEHEhph8-00140-00033941-00034102 bunch of video games and won a bunch of
+1_GzEHEhph8-00141-00034103-00034390 races the GTS and gtsr race car were
+1_GzEHEhph8-00142-00034391-00034595 developed side by side and going on to
+1_GzEHEhph8-00143-00034596-00034901 win 42 world-class events between 1995
+1_GzEHEhph8-00144-00034902-00035171 and 2002 including class wins at Le Mans
+1_GzEHEhph8-00145-00035172-00035321 and the car wasn't even sold in Europe
+1_GzEHEhph8-00146-00035322-00035512 for a few of those years Dodge built a
+1_GzEHEhph8-00147-00035513-00035711 track Focus variant called The American
+1_GzEHEhph8-00148-00035712-00036011 Club racer or ACR but we'll talk about
+1_GzEHEhph8-00149-00036012-00036943 that a little more later
+1_GzEHEhph8-00150-00036944-00037974 oh my God oh my God
+1_GzEHEhph8-00151-00037975-00038374 let me shake your hand Jerry dude it's
+1_GzEHEhph8-00152-00038375-00038530 like a workout someone once said Don't
+1_GzEHEhph8-00153-00038531-00038759 Drive Your Heroes Jerry yeah their hero
+1_GzEHEhph8-00154-00038760-00038873 must not have been that card because
+1_GzEHEhph8-00155-00038874-00039130 that was dead awesome that was so much
+1_GzEHEhph8-00156-00039131-00039377 fun like you say take this put more
+1_GzEHEhph8-00157-00039378-00039545 money in it to make it better this is
+1_GzEHEhph8-00158-00039546-00039683 what you get all right can it get any
+1_GzEHEhph8-00159-00039684-00039856 better we'll see
+1_GzEHEhph8-00160-00039857-00040109 [Music]
+1_GzEHEhph8-00161-00040110-00040307 the second gen Viper was similar to the
+1_GzEHEhph8-00162-00040308-00040468 first generation Viper the engineers
+1_GzEHEhph8-00163-00040469-00040745 improved what was right and corrected
+1_GzEHEhph8-00164-00040746-00040918 some things that were a little less
+1_GzEHEhph8-00165-00040919-00041189 right however for the next car the
+1_GzEHEhph8-00166-00041190-00041393 engineer started from scratch to give us
+1_GzEHEhph8-00167-00041394-00041657 the completely redesigned third gen
+1_GzEHEhph8-00168-00041658-00041911 Viper
+1_GzEHEhph8-00169-00041912-00042055 [Music]
+1_GzEHEhph8-00170-00042056-00042383 with Gen 3 the Viper was all new Every
+1_GzEHEhph8-00171-00042384-00042712 Viper was now called SRT10 SRT stood for
+1_GzEHEhph8-00172-00042713-00042874 Street and racing technology the
+1_GzEHEhph8-00173-00042875-00043055 performance division which had begun as
+1_GzEHEhph8-00174-00043056-00043283 team Viper over a decade earlier and was
+1_GzEHEhph8-00175-00043284-00043462 now engineering hot versions of many
+1_GzEHEhph8-00176-00043463-00043673 Dodge cars I think if you're a hardcore
+1_GzEHEhph8-00177-00043674-00043912 Viper fan this one might be your least
+1_GzEHEhph8-00178-00043913-00044111 favorite but we're gonna give it a fair
+1_GzEHEhph8-00179-00044112-00044362 chance yeah SRT we're giving a clean
+1_GzEHEhph8-00180-00044363-00044579 sheet for the Gen 3 design but there
+1_GzEHEhph8-00181-00044580-00044771 were some critical directives more power
+1_GzEHEhph8-00182-00044772-00045107 less weight with a few Creature Comforts
+1_GzEHEhph8-00183-00045108-00045329 but no unnecessary frails like cruise
+1_GzEHEhph8-00184-00045330-00045545 control digital gauges traction control
+1_GzEHEhph8-00185-00045546-00045862 or cup holders this car feels a little
+1_GzEHEhph8-00186-00045863-00046139 tighter love that the side exit exhaust
+1_GzEHEhph8-00187-00046140-00046415 and the convertible combo is awesome
+1_GzEHEhph8-00188-00046416-00046655 [Music]
+1_GzEHEhph8-00189-00046656-00046907 gen 3's heart was a heavily revised V10
+1_GzEHEhph8-00190-00046908-00047105 with a larger boring stroke for a total
+1_GzEHEhph8-00191-00047106-00047596 displacement of 8.3 liters or 505 cubic
+1_GzEHEhph8-00192-00047597-00047674 inches
+1_GzEHEhph8-00193-00047675-00047923 [Applause]
+1_GzEHEhph8-00194-00047924-00048167 the car communicates with you when
+1_GzEHEhph8-00195-00048168-00048467 you're doing uh being a dumbass
+1_GzEHEhph8-00196-00048468-00049030 let you know
+1_GzEHEhph8-00197-00049031-00049235 used to improve flow of both intake and
+1_GzEHEhph8-00198-00049236-00049457 exhaust helping the engine produce 500
+1_GzEHEhph8-00199-00049458-00049811 horsepower and 525 foot-pounds of torque
+1_GzEHEhph8-00200-00049812-00050093 speaking of complete redesigns Jerry I'm
+1_GzEHEhph8-00201-00050094-00050351 wearing our all new Shimmer t-shirt
+1_GzEHEhph8-00202-00050352-00050524 right here it's got a green hit on the
+1_GzEHEhph8-00203-00050525-00050735 front it has Shimmer text on the back
+1_GzEHEhph8-00204-00050736-00050890 that means shiny it's one of my favorite
+1_GzEHEhph8-00205-00050891-00051077 designs so far I love the font and I
+1_GzEHEhph8-00206-00051078-00051220 love the design so go check that out at
+1_GzEHEhph8-00207-00051221-00052061 donutmedia.com get yourself one
+1_GzEHEhph8-00208-00052062-00052282 oh dude the clutch is way different yeah
+1_GzEHEhph8-00209-00052283-00052492 oh yeah this car feels pretty damn bro
+1_GzEHEhph8-00210-00052494-00052847 yeah man
+1_GzEHEhph8-00211-00052848-00053123 gen 3 had a 0-60 time that Dodge claimed
+1_GzEHEhph8-00212-00053124-00053338 was 3.8 seconds for the Roadster but
+1_GzEHEhph8-00213-00053339-00053525 magazines struggled to match that time
+1_GzEHEhph8-00214-00053526-00053753 simply because like its predecessor it
+1_GzEHEhph8-00215-00053754-00053932 was hard to get all the Vipers powered
+1_GzEHEhph8-00216-00053933-00054454 down on the road
+1_GzEHEhph8-00217-00054455-00054576 nice game
+1_GzEHEhph8-00218-00054577-00054854 underneath baby
+1_GzEHEhph8-00219-00054855-00055079 [Music]
+1_GzEHEhph8-00220-00055079-00055432 oh dude yeah let's take rips we got a
+1_GzEHEhph8-00221-00055433-00055613 problem here Jared I know so that one
+1_GzEHEhph8-00222-00055614-00055961 the motor's super good but the looks I
+1_GzEHEhph8-00223-00055962-00056141 don't think it looks better than the GTS
+1_GzEHEhph8-00224-00056141-00056321 but I do think it is better than the
+1_GzEHEhph8-00225-00056322-00056632 first gen I agree so there we go look at
+1_GzEHEhph8-00226-00056633-00056909 that red white and blue okay time for
+1_GzEHEhph8-00227-00056910-00057088 something a little different okay really
+1_GzEHEhph8-00228-00057089-00057379 what what's that
+1_GzEHEhph8-00229-00057379-00058129 what's up
+1_GzEHEhph8-00230-00058130-00058349 [Applause]
+1_GzEHEhph8-00231-00058350-00058757 it's it's scary
+1_GzEHEhph8-00232-00058758-00059379 yeah I mean I guess that's clean enough
+1_GzEHEhph8-00233-00059380-00060107 [Music]
+1_GzEHEhph8-00234-00060108-00060454 Mom Zach that car is filthy look at all
+1_GzEHEhph8-00235-00060455-00060653 those spots and streams give me a break
+1_GzEHEhph8-00236-00060654-00060916 Mom I just cleaned it honey that's not
+1_GzEHEhph8-00237-00060917-00061223 clean this is clean whoa what are you
+1_GzEHEhph8-00238-00061224-00061475 magic it's not magic it's Mother's
+1_GzEHEhph8-00239-00061476-00061649 polish and lucky for you they're
+1_GzEHEhph8-00240-00061650-00061841 sponsoring today's video now start
+1_GzEHEhph8-00241-00061841-00062038 cleaning and don't make me say it again
+1_GzEHEhph8-00242-00062039-00062357 all right God
+1_GzEHEhph8-00243-00062358-00062537 mothers has been revolutionizing the
+1_GzEHEhph8-00244-00062538-00062813 industry since 1973 and has over a
+1_GzEHEhph8-00245-00062814-00062992 hundred unique Car Care Products whether
+1_GzEHEhph8-00246-00062994-00063232 it's paint metal Chrome glass plastic
+1_GzEHEhph8-00247-00063233-00063485 vinyl leather and even rubber mother's
+1_GzEHEhph8-00248-00063486-00063659 products are specialized to tackle any
+1_GzEHEhph8-00249-00063660-00063838 problem and designed with ease of use in
+1_GzEHEhph8-00250-00063839-00063976 mind so if you're looking to give your
+1_GzEHEhph8-00251-00063977-00064138 car the love care and attention to
+1_GzEHEhph8-00252-00064139-00064342 detail it deserves head to mothers.com
+1_GzEHEhph8-00253-00064344-00064600 or click the link below and give it that
+1_GzEHEhph8-00254-00064601-00064816 Mother's Love and do something about all
+1_GzEHEhph8-00255-00064817-00065009 those water bottles on the floor I mean
+1_GzEHEhph8-00256-00065010-00065585 come on
+1_GzEHEhph8-00257-00065586-00065975 come on
+1_GzEHEhph8-00258-00065976-00066521 dang my mom's crazy as hell
+1_GzEHEhph8-00259-00066522-00066761 a year after the gen three debut Dodge
+1_GzEHEhph8-00260-00066762-00067031 shocked the World by stuffing the V10
+1_GzEHEhph8-00261-00067032-00067331 engine from the SRT Viper into a truck
+1_GzEHEhph8-00262-00067332-00067829 creating the Ram SRT10
+1_GzEHEhph8-00263-00067830-00068026 yes we know it's not a Viper but it's
+1_GzEHEhph8-00264-00068027-00068200 almost impossible to talk about vipers
+1_GzEHEhph8-00265-00068201-00068394 without talking about this insane truck
+1_GzEHEhph8-00266-00068395-00068711 boom Diggity oh yeah dude this feels so
+1_GzEHEhph8-00267-00068712-00068903 familiar we got a lot of customized
+1_GzEHEhph8-00268-00068904-00069803 orange bits and pieces in here and back
+1_GzEHEhph8-00269-00069804-00069994 driving vipers I've been waiting away
+1_GzEHEhph8-00270-00069995-00070205 for you all right well I'm glad you're
+1_GzEHEhph8-00271-00070206-00070361 here Justin because about to drive a
+1_GzEHEhph8-00272-00070362-00070805 truck with a Viper engine I'm excited
+1_GzEHEhph8-00273-00070806-00070979 oh loud
+1_GzEHEhph8-00274-00070980-00071165 obviously the ram couldn't outperform
+1_GzEHEhph8-00275-00071166-00071326 the Viper but it's still one of the
+1_GzEHEhph8-00276-00071327-00071519 fastest pickup trucks ever made the quad
+1_GzEHEhph8-00277-00071520-00071711 cab version is the only pairing of a
+1_GzEHEhph8-00278-00071712-00071837 viper motor with an automatic
+1_GzEHEhph8-00279-00071838-00072137 transmission 0-60 took just 5.2 seconds
+1_GzEHEhph8-00280-00072138-00072359 which is amazing for a vehicle weighing
+1_GzEHEhph8-00281-00072360-00072743 5 400 pounds
+1_GzEHEhph8-00282-00072744-00073079 oh my God
+1_GzEHEhph8-00283-00073080-00073373 I don't like this at all no but you're a
+1_GzEHEhph8-00284-00073374-00073600 psycho it doesn't feel that scary from
+1_GzEHEhph8-00285-00073601-00073823 the driver's seat guys I didn't sign up
+1_GzEHEhph8-00286-00073824-00074188 for this
+1_GzEHEhph8-00287-00074189-00074909 I'm having a lot of fun guys
+1_GzEHEhph8-00288-00074910-00076026 oh boy this is is a truck it sure is
+1_GzEHEhph8-00289-00076027-00076403 now you know Nolan
+1_GzEHEhph8-00290-00076404-00076588 I think that I think we're good I think
+1_GzEHEhph8-00291-00076589-00077021 we're good got the gist
+1_GzEHEhph8-00292-00077022-00077369 I mean it's it's scary dude all right
+1_GzEHEhph8-00293-00077370-00077603 Jerry it's not a Viper but that doesn't
+1_GzEHEhph8-00294-00077604-00077819 mean that it's the bottom of the list I
+1_GzEHEhph8-00295-00077820-00077932 think it's kind of just like over here
+1_GzEHEhph8-00296-00077933-00078125 doing its own thing having a great time
+1_GzEHEhph8-00297-00078126-00078244 but you know what I think it's time for
+1_GzEHEhph8-00298-00078245-00078485 us to get back to some real vipers yes
+1_GzEHEhph8-00299-00078486-00078719 how about we go drive a fourth gym I
+1_GzEHEhph8-00300-00078720-00078929 like the sound of that chair in 2007
+1_GzEHEhph8-00301-00078930-00079132 there was no Dodge Viper the car kind of
+1_GzEHEhph8-00302-00079133-00079319 took a gap year the factory that was
+1_GzEHEhph8-00303-00079320-00079444 building them closed down and people
+1_GzEHEhph8-00304-00079445-00079588 were afraid that the car would disappear
+1_GzEHEhph8-00305-00079589-00079955 forever but in 2008 Dodge gave us
+1_GzEHEhph8-00306-00079956-00080376 the Gen 4 Viper right here
+1_GzEHEhph8-00307-00080377-00080867 [Music]
+1_GzEHEhph8-00308-00080868-00081112 it's serious Nolan I know man just like
+1_GzEHEhph8-00309-00081113-00081323 the gem one and two the fourth gen car
+1_GzEHEhph8-00310-00081324-00081491 improved on everything from the third
+1_GzEHEhph8-00311-00081492-00081671 gen car underneath everything's been
+1_GzEHEhph8-00312-00081672-00081923 revised more power better suspension yep
+1_GzEHEhph8-00313-00081924-00082121 we're in the perfect place to test this
+1_GzEHEhph8-00314-00082122-00082271 guy out and I think we should go give it
+1_GzEHEhph8-00315-00082272-00082456 a rip yeah
+1_GzEHEhph8-00316-00082457-00082876 feels good to be back in a car yeah like
+1_GzEHEhph8-00317-00082877-00083081 the change from gen 1 to 2 the
+1_GzEHEhph8-00318-00083082-00083261 transition from three to four wasn't a
+1_GzEHEhph8-00319-00083262-00083482 total shift compared to the Gen 3 I mean
+1_GzEHEhph8-00320-00083483-00083687 it's extremely similar in here we're
+1_GzEHEhph8-00321-00083688-00083975 still using this kind of pushy plastic
+1_GzEHEhph8-00322-00083976-00084191 whatever type stuff the interior and
+1_GzEHEhph8-00323-00084192-00084382 body remained largely the same with the
+1_GzEHEhph8-00324-00084383-00084532 exception of the hood which contained
+1_GzEHEhph8-00325-00084533-00084706 much larger vents those give us some
+1_GzEHEhph8-00326-00084707-00084893 hint but the changes that lurk
+1_GzEHEhph8-00327-00084894-00085055 underneath
+1_GzEHEhph8-00328-00085056-00085438 oh yeah God there's just such a small
+1_GzEHEhph8-00329-00085439-00085612 amount of window in front of you it's
+1_GzEHEhph8-00330-00085613-00085781 like looking out of a tank dude under
+1_GzEHEhph8-00331-00085782-00085991 the hood was a revised version of the
+1_GzEHEhph8-00332-00085992-00086303 Gen 3's V10 displacement was up to 8.4
+1_GzEHEhph8-00333-00086304-00086540 liters but the real story is the power
+1_GzEHEhph8-00334-00086541-00087311 [Music]
+1_GzEHEhph8-00335-00087312-00087544 brakes are just so they're just insane
+1_GzEHEhph8-00336-00087545-00087706 Jerry I could have gone so much faster
+1_GzEHEhph8-00337-00087707-00087862 but I don't want to because I'm scared
+1_GzEHEhph8-00338-00087863-00088043 with help from McLaren team Viper
+1_GzEHEhph8-00339-00088044-00088247 Engineers had gotten the v10's output to
+1_GzEHEhph8-00340-00088248-00088517 600 horsepower the Gen 4 just gave you a
+1_GzEHEhph8-00341-00088518-00088667 lot more warning before letting loose
+1_GzEHEhph8-00342-00088668-00088876 this Viper might have looked similar to
+1_GzEHEhph8-00343-00088877-00089123 gen 3 but everything had been precisely
+1_GzEHEhph8-00344-00089124-00090100 engineered to provide more more
+1_GzEHEhph8-00345-00090101-00090341 found out I feel scared
+1_GzEHEhph8-00346-00090342-00090617 I know that I cannot extract everything
+1_GzEHEhph8-00347-00090618-00090797 from this car this this is meant for
+1_GzEHEhph8-00348-00090798-00091206 legit endurance racing drivers not some
+1_GzEHEhph8-00349-00091207-00091426 so you're probably wondering why this
+1_GzEHEhph8-00350-00091427-00091588 gen Ford looks radically different from
+1_GzEHEhph8-00351-00091589-00091756 our gen 3 and that's because one of the
+1_GzEHEhph8-00352-00091757-00091949 biggest changes for the Viper was the
+1_GzEHEhph8-00353-00091950-00092206 American Club racer package the ACR came
+1_GzEHEhph8-00354-00092207-00092459 with carbon fiber splitter canards and a
+1_GzEHEhph8-00355-00092460-00092626 rear wing that provided a thousand
+1_GzEHEhph8-00356-00092627-00092837 pounds of downforce at 150 miles per
+1_GzEHEhph8-00357-00092838-00092993 hour its minimalist interior and
+1_GzEHEhph8-00358-00092994-00093167 additional carbon fiber in the exterior
+1_GzEHEhph8-00359-00093168-00093371 produced an 80 pound weight reduction
+1_GzEHEhph8-00360-00093372-00093617 all of that meant 0-60 in three and a
+1_GzEHEhph8-00361-00093618-00093821 half seconds and a quarter mile time in
+1_GzEHEhph8-00362-00093822-00095015 the 11s
+1_GzEHEhph8-00363-00095016-00095567 so much crap dude
+1_GzEHEhph8-00364-00095568-00095881 oh my God how is this possible
+1_GzEHEhph8-00365-00095882-00097417 oh my God
+1_GzEHEhph8-00366-00097418-00097841 I don't think I I took a breath in oh my
+1_GzEHEhph8-00367-00097842-00098135 gosh this car is nuts I mean it's better
+1_GzEHEhph8-00368-00098136-00098423 than all of them yeah but I don't know
+1_GzEHEhph8-00369-00098424-00098638 if I like it more than the GTS what do
+1_GzEHEhph8-00370-00098639-00098875 you think oh yeah I like it way more
+1_GzEHEhph8-00371-00098876-00099167 from an aesthetic I love the GTS but
+1_GzEHEhph8-00372-00099168-00099365 from Just Pure Performance and pure fun
+1_GzEHEhph8-00373-00099366-00099791 that car is just wild perfect There She
+1_GzEHEhph8-00374-00099792-00100049 Goes
+1_GzEHEhph8-00375-00100050-00100349 the Gen 4 ACR was truly a Viper Supercar
+1_GzEHEhph8-00376-00100350-00100565 setting laps at Laguna Seca and the
+1_GzEHEhph8-00377-00100566-00100841 Nurburgring unfortunately in 2010 the
+1_GzEHEhph8-00378-00100842-00101076 unthinkable happened
+1_GzEHEhph8-00379-00101077-00101332 Dodge's financial situation was at an
+1_GzEHEhph8-00380-00101333-00101609 all-time low and then CEO Ralph GEOS
+1_GzEHEhph8-00381-00101610-00101879 announced the Viper
+1_GzEHEhph8-00382-00101880-00102112 was canceled
+1_GzEHEhph8-00383-00102113-00102406 by 2013 Chrysler's reputation was once
+1_GzEHEhph8-00384-00102407-00102640 again in shambles it had been three
+1_GzEHEhph8-00385-00102641-00102875 years without the Viper but Ralph GEOS
+1_GzEHEhph8-00386-00102876-00103139 the head of Dodge had convinced Fiat to
+1_GzEHEhph8-00387-00103140-00103642 let them bring it back
+1_GzEHEhph8-00388-00103643-00103997 this is the Viper gtsr it's a version of
+1_GzEHEhph8-00389-00103998-00104225 the ACR and even crazier version of the
+1_GzEHEhph8-00390-00104226-00104506 car we just drove yeah this is a full-on
+1_GzEHEhph8-00391-00104507-00104765 race car this is the closest thing to a
+1_GzEHEhph8-00392-00104766-00104951 Le Mans winning Championship race car
+1_GzEHEhph8-00393-00104952-00105143 that I'm maybe ever drive yeah so
+1_GzEHEhph8-00394-00105144-00105334 without further Ado let's get going
+1_GzEHEhph8-00395-00105335-00105515 Let's Get It Ralph knew that for the car
+1_GzEHEhph8-00396-00105516-00105713 to be successful it needed to appeal to
+1_GzEHEhph8-00397-00105714-00105893 a wider audience than just existing
+1_GzEHEhph8-00398-00105894-00106084 Viper fans and owners they needed to
+1_GzEHEhph8-00399-00106085-00106252 design a car that could woo Porsche
+1_GzEHEhph8-00400-00106253-00106439 owners while still delivering that raw
+1_GzEHEhph8-00401-00106440-00106825 feel Viper fans expected finally leather
+1_GzEHEhph8-00402-00106826-00107051 Alcantara don't know if that's real or
+1_GzEHEhph8-00403-00107052-00107243 very nicely appointed in here yes
+1_GzEHEhph8-00404-00107244-00107447 definitely more of a luxury cart with
+1_GzEHEhph8-00405-00107448-00107608 this car they knew that sports car
+1_GzEHEhph8-00406-00107609-00107728 drivers and people could afford
+1_GzEHEhph8-00407-00107729-00107866 something like this wanted something a
+1_GzEHEhph8-00408-00107867-00107969 little nicer so they're actually
+1_GzEHEhph8-00409-00107970-00108352 benchmarking the Porsche 911.
+1_GzEHEhph8-00410-00108353-00108539 there's a big one there the final one
+1_GzEHEhph8-00411-00108540-00109123 this is a big one
+1_GzEHEhph8-00412-00109124-00109654 I just glued to the road dude
+1_GzEHEhph8-00413-00109655-00109877 the Gen 5 Viper utilized more carbon
+1_GzEHEhph8-00414-00109878-00110051 fiber than ever before with the roof
+1_GzEHEhph8-00415-00110052-00110260 hood and deck lid all being made from
+1_GzEHEhph8-00416-00110261-00110447 the lightweight material the new car had
+1_GzEHEhph8-00417-00110448-00110639 a completely revised suspension geometry
+1_GzEHEhph8-00418-00110640-00110873 for improved handling gosh that sounds
+1_GzEHEhph8-00419-00110874-00111125 so good sounds nasty dude to retain that
+1_GzEHEhph8-00420-00111126-00111352 raw feel the software Engineers tweaked
+1_GzEHEhph8-00421-00111353-00111569 the now federally mandated traction and
+1_GzEHEhph8-00422-00111570-00111797 stability control systems only to kick
+1_GzEHEhph8-00423-00111798-00112019 in at the last possible moment I mean
+1_GzEHEhph8-00424-00112020-00112199 again this thing can just go so much
+1_GzEHEhph8-00425-00112200-00112669 faster than I can
+1_GzEHEhph8-00426-00112670-00113057 holy crap oh my God my God like every
+1_GzEHEhph8-00427-00113058-00113266 Viper before it Corners were cut to save
+1_GzEHEhph8-00428-00113267-00113507 money wherever possible for example the
+1_GzEHEhph8-00429-00113508-00113699 mirrors are from the previous car the
+1_GzEHEhph8-00430-00113700-00114034 side markers are from the Fiat 500 my
+1_GzEHEhph8-00431-00114035-00114245 heart is pounding bro
+1_GzEHEhph8-00432-00114246-00114634 oh my God
+1_GzEHEhph8-00433-00114635-00115384 oh my god dude holy crap
+1_GzEHEhph8-00434-00115385-00115660 we're a roller coaster like versus like
+1_GzEHEhph8-00435-00115661-00116458 an animal yeah
+1_GzEHEhph8-00436-00116459-00116669 faster but doesn't want to kill you as
+1_GzEHEhph8-00437-00116670-00116843 much as a previous car but if you want
+1_GzEHEhph8-00438-00116844-00117143 something that can be anything else on a
+1_GzEHEhph8-00439-00117144-00117471 track day that's this car
+1_GzEHEhph8-00440-00117472-00117690 [Applause]
+1_GzEHEhph8-00441-00117691-00117940 unfortunately though that wasn't enough
+1_GzEHEhph8-00442-00117941-00118252 to save Viper Dodge wanted to sell 2500
+1_GzEHEhph8-00443-00118253-00118510 units a year the Gen 5 Viper hit a sales
+1_GzEHEhph8-00444-00118511-00118943 peak of just 760 in 2016. Dodge ended
+1_GzEHEhph8-00445-00118944-00119116 their own Viper racing program to save
+1_GzEHEhph8-00446-00119117-00119284 money on the project but even that
+1_GzEHEhph8-00447-00119285-00119519 wasn't enough Viper ended production in
+1_GzEHEhph8-00448-00119520-00119833 2017.
+1_GzEHEhph8-00449-00119833-00120208 all right I'm not as scared as dude
+1_GzEHEhph8-00450-00120209-00120347 there's something about you know how
+1_GzEHEhph8-00451-00120348-00120521 like when we first started this it was
+1_GzEHEhph8-00452-00120522-00120766 like oh like you're giggling you're like
+1_GzEHEhph8-00453-00120767-00121060 like such a visceral experience this is
+1_GzEHEhph8-00454-00121061-00121301 like you're going much faster than we've
+1_GzEHEhph8-00455-00121302-00121595 gone but it feels safe yeah that like
+1_GzEHEhph8-00456-00121596-00121847 scare factor is not in this car which is
+1_GzEHEhph8-00457-00121848-00122021 scary because that means like we're just
+1_GzEHEhph8-00458-00122022-00122249 not pushing this car the Gen 4 was
+1_GzEHEhph8-00459-00122250-00122525 terrifying this
+1_GzEHEhph8-00460-00122526-00122777 great yeah this is great holy crap that
+1_GzEHEhph8-00461-00122778-00122939 was fun that was so awesome all right
+1_GzEHEhph8-00462-00122940-00123113 this is gonna be a tough decision the
+1_GzEHEhph8-00463-00123114-00123299 dedicated Engineers of Team Viper were
+1_GzEHEhph8-00464-00123300-00123497 able to perfect a Relentless race car
+1_GzEHEhph8-00465-00123498-00123754 for 25 years there are tons of cars out
+1_GzEHEhph8-00466-00123755-00123928 there that don't make it that long so
+1_GzEHEhph8-00467-00123929-00124175 don't be sad the Viper is over be happy
+1_GzEHEhph8-00468-00124176-00124421 it happened at all the Viper set the
+1_GzEHEhph8-00469-00124422-00124571 stage for what Dodge would later become
+1_GzEHEhph8-00470-00124572-00124840 the Hemi charger Hellcat and Demon would
+1_GzEHEhph8-00471-00124841-00125045 not be without this car it empowered
+1_GzEHEhph8-00472-00125046-00125207 Dodge to return to what it was in the
+1_GzEHEhph8-00473-00125208-00125525 1970s a brand synonymous with loud and
+1_GzEHEhph8-00474-00125526-00125790 ridiculous power and Shameless access
+1_GzEHEhph8-00475-00125791-00126149 and that's the Viper this is The Last of
+1_GzEHEhph8-00476-00126150-00126473 a Dying Breed it's sad because I want
+1_GzEHEhph8-00477-00126474-00126652 more of these things out there where do
+1_GzEHEhph8-00478-00126653-00126839 you put it on the list
+1_GzEHEhph8-00479-00126840-00126995 in my head it's a very difficult
+1_GzEHEhph8-00480-00126996-00127139 decision but honestly it's it's really
+1_GzEHEhph8-00481-00127140-00127481 not it's right there it's at the topper
+1_GzEHEhph8-00482-00127482-00127649 oh thank you so much for watching this
+1_GzEHEhph8-00483-00127650-00127786 video make sure you like And subscribe
+1_GzEHEhph8-00484-00127788-00127960 so we can continue making more of this
+1_GzEHEhph8-00485-00127961-00128152 stuff not sure where we go from here to
+1_GzEHEhph8-00486-00128153-00128315 be honest but you know we got some ideas
+1_GzEHEhph8-00487-00128316-00128602 now there's also the Supra to be done so
+1_GzEHEhph8-00488-00128603-00128783 we'll do that in the future if you hit
+1_GzEHEhph8-00489-00128783-00128933 like And subscribe make sure you go to
+1_GzEHEhph8-00490-00128933-00129136 donutmedia.com get yourself some donut
+1_GzEHEhph8-00491-00129138-00129340 media t-shirts of course there are a lot
+1_GzEHEhph8-00492-00129341-00129460 of people we gotta thank for making this
+1_GzEHEhph8-00493-00129461-00129640 video possible first up Joey at Four
+1_GzEHEhph8-00494-00129641-00129743 Eyes you can check out his YouTube
+1_GzEHEhph8-00495-00129744-00129958 channel down below next up is Rahim and
+1_GzEHEhph8-00496-00129959-00130186 Harris Khan of Paris Burger in Moreno
+1_GzEHEhph8-00497-00130188-00130313 Valley check them out they got a drive
+1_GzEHEhph8-00498-00130314-00130445 through and some good old food get
+1_GzEHEhph8-00499-00130446-00130625 yourself some then there's Nikki B with
+1_GzEHEhph8-00500-00130626-00130847 the Gen 3 Robert Kennedy at badass
+1_GzEHEhph8-00501-00130848-00131063 performance David with the Gen 4 and
+1_GzEHEhph8-00502-00131064-00131237 Kaiser cars thank you guys so much from
+1_GzEHEhph8-00503-00131238-00131369 the bottom of my heart for making this
+1_GzEHEhph8-00504-00131370-00131531 video possible thank you for letting us
+1_GzEHEhph8-00505-00131532-00131681 have a lot of fun with your cars all
+1_GzEHEhph8-00506-00131682-00131777 their links are down in the description
+1_GzEHEhph8-00507-00131778-00131987 go support them thank you so much for
+1_GzEHEhph8-00508-00131988-00132882 watching see you next time
+1_GzEHEhph8-00509-00132883-00132995 [Music]
+1_GzEHEhph8-00510-00132996-00133337 and foreign
+1_GzEHEhph8-00511-00133338-00133433 foreign
+1_GzEHEhph8-00512-00133434-00133652 foreign
+1AkyWurDaoU-00000-00000017-00000183 foreign
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+1AkyWurDaoU-00003-00002287-00002789 [Music]
+1AkyWurDaoU-00004-00002790-00003106 remember
+1AkyWurDaoU-00005-00003107-00003632 [Music]
+1AkyWurDaoU-00006-00003633-00004671 [Music]
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+1AkyWurDaoU-00012-00013862-00014179 Bangladesh
+1AkyWurDaoU-00013-00014180-00014458 problems in the world to defend the
+1AkyWurDaoU-00014-00014459-00014599 Bangladesh
+1AkyWurDaoU-00015-00014600-00015293 always ready to provide
+1AkyWurDaoU-00016-00015294-00015838 foreign
+1AkyWurDaoU-00018-00018971-00019608 [Music]
+1AkyWurDaoU-00019-00019609-00019869 [Applause]
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+1AkyWurDaoU-00037-00037037-00037152 [Music]
+1AkyWurDaoU-00038-00037153-00037433 problems in the world to defend the
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+1AkyWurDaoU-00040-00038082-00038469 foreign
+1AkyWurDaoU-00041-00038470-00040637 [Music]
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+1AkyWurDaoU-00046-00043880-00045673 [Music]
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00000-00000400-00000671 welcome everybody to today's webinar on
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00001-00000672-00000935 purposeful leadership and welcome back
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00002-00000936-00001079 after the summer
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00003-00001080-00001319 so our last webinar in this leadership
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00004-00001320-00001623 series was on evolving leadership on the
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00005-00001623-00001942 24th of june with dr lou drake and
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00006-00001943-00002199 monish data and that is still available
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00007-00002200-00002423 on the website and today i'm being
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00008-00002424-00002526 joined
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00009-00002527-00002855 by dr victoria hirth who's an associate
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00010-00002856-00003095 director here at cisl and most recently
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00011-00003096-00003351 assistant professor at plymouth and also
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00012-00003352-00003527 ben kellard who is our director of
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00013-00003528-00003775 business strategy so so welcome ben and
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00014-00003776-00004022 welcome victoria who's joining us
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00015-00004023-00004167 remotely
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00016-00004168-00004470 and welcome to all of you we've had over
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00017-00004471-00004767 400 people sign up for this webinar and
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00018-00004768-00004902 thank you for making the time in your
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00019-00004903-00005111 busy schedules to be with us
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00020-00005112-00005406 we've already received questions from a
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00021-00005407-00005606 number of you in advance which we will
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00022-00005607-00005863 be addressing at the end of our initial
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00023-00005864-00006086 presentation and you will see that there
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00024-00006087-00006375 is also the functionality to
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00025-00006376-00006583 have a conversation in the chat as we go
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00026-00006584-00006670 along
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00027-00006672-00006959 and also submit questions for us to ask
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00028-00006959-00007095 at the end
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00029-00007095-00007303 so a couple of points just to cover off
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00030-00007304-00007495 quickly before we get going
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00031-00007495-00007663 um in addition to that firstly a
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00032-00007664-00007863 recording of this webinar will be
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00033-00007864-00008095 available afterwards so welcome to those
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00034-00008095-00008246 of you who are joining us
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00035-00008247-00008455 um by listening to the recording
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00036-00008456-00008831 and secondly the next webinar in our
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00037-00008832-00009071 leadership series is going to be on the
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00038-00009072-00009287 6th of november where we'll be looking
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00039-00009288-00009478 at leadership development in the 21st
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00040-00009479-00009623 century and we're very excited about
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00041-00009624-00009742 that too
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00042-00009743-00009951 all right and we'll be referencing a
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00043-00009952-00010310 couple of um recent reports from cisl
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00044-00010311-00010519 during this webinar that are available
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00045-00010520-00010614 on
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00046-00010615-00010871 our website and those include rewiring
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00047-00010872-00011159 leadership and also rewiring the economy
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00048-00011160-00011583 so with no further ado let's get started
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00049-00011584-00011791 and in this session we're really going
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00050-00011792-00012014 to be looking at a couple of things so
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00051-00012015-00012142 firstly we're going to be looking at
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00052-00012143-00012391 what we mean by purposeful leadership
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00053-00012392-00012599 and how to achieve it secondly we're
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00054-00012600-00012774 really going to be unpacking the link
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00055-00012775-00012935 between purpose
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00056-00012936-00013183 and the definition of purpose
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00057-00013184-00013463 leadership and also how purpose and
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00058-00013463-00013694 leadership are inextricably linked with
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00059-00013695-00013886 sustainability and sustainability
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00060-00013887-00014063 leadership so that's what we're going to
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00061-00014063-00014303 be kicking off with in the first 25
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00062-00014304-00014479 30 minutes of the webinar and then it's
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00063-00014480-00014791 very much over to you and your questions
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00064-00014791-00014871 so
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00065-00014872-00015055 with no further due victoria's going to
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00066-00015056-00015166 kick us off
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00067-00015168-00015263 and
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00068-00015263-00015519 victoria want to start
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00069-00015519-00015671 by asking you
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00070-00015672-00015886 what we need mean by purpose because
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00071-00015887-00016094 this was something that we began to
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00072-00016095-00016399 explore in the last webinar in june
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00073-00016400-00016599 why is it so powerful for individuals
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00074-00016600-00016839 and organizations and what does it mean
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00075-00016840-00017158 for leadership so so firstly in good
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00076-00017159-00017422 academic tradition victoria can you kick
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00077-00017423-00017550 us off by
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00078-00017551-00017830 actually defining purpose for us
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00079-00017831-00018111 okay yes absolutely before i do in good
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00080-00018112-00018343 academic tradition um i just want to
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00081-00018344-00018535 make a couple of points um firstly that
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00082-00018536-00018719 that's a really good question zoe
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00083-00018720-00018919 because unless we really and that's
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00084-00018920-00019086 obviously very academic but unless we
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00085-00019087-00019311 understand something and pin it down we
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00086-00019312-00019519 can't hold it to account we can't work
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00087-00019520-00019807 out how to deliver it and we really also
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00088-00019808-00019967 in this respect can't understand the
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00089-00019968-00020255 leadership required um so it's really
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00090-00020256-00020503 important to uh to keep us on track if
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00091-00020504-00020758 we really want to deliver purpose um
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00092-00020759-00020991 uh and uh yeah so that's that's the
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00093-00020992-00021278 first point to make um and then
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00094-00021279-00021543 moving on to the the next slide and just
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00095-00021544-00021775 to outline some of the research that
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00096-00021776-00022014 we've been doing on um
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00097-00022015-00022350 purpose so um yes here we go here are
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00098-00022351-00022678 some of my lovely colleagues um
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00099-00022679-00022975 and we've been looking at the the what
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00100-00022976-00023078 the why
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00101-00023079-00023335 and the how of purpose in order to start
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00102-00023336-00023558 to really pin down this this idea of you
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00103-00023559-00023830 know what is it um get the basics in
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00104-00023831-00024030 place obviously lots of stuff being done
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00105-00024031-00024255 and this is our contribution to it
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00106-00024256-00024471 brilliant so um thank you victoria and
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00107-00024472-00024711 as you said this piece of research comes
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00108-00024712-00024894 actually at a time where we're seeing
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00109-00024895-00025063 lots and lots of
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00110-00025064-00025358 real uh interest in purpose relation to
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00111-00025359-00025639 organizations i picked up this copy of
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00112-00025639-00025758 the economist
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00113-00025760-00025927 from the train station this morning i
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00114-00025927-00026022 don't know why they were giving out an
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00115-00026023-00026279 old one but this we've seen financial
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00116-00026280-00026511 times we've seen a lot of articles so
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00117-00026512-00026711 moving back to your particular piece of
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00118-00026712-00026935 research what did you conclude in this
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00119-00026936-00027158 piece of research
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00120-00027160-00027302 well we
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00121-00027304-00027535 interviewed having interviewed a range
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00122-00027536-00027799 of leading organizations in the area and
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00123-00027800-00027990 also looking at range of other research
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00124-00027991-00028174 we concluded the definition you can see
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00125-00028175-00028358 on the screen now so
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00126-00028360-00028558 the purpose is an organization's
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00127-00028560-00028911 meaningful and enduring reason to exist
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00128-00028912-00029135 that aligns with long-term financial
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00129-00029136-00029246 performance
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00130-00029247-00029470 provides a clear context for daily
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00131-00029472-00029727 decision making and unifies and
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00132-00029727-00030118 motivates relevant stakeholders so we we
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00133-00030119-00030262 felt that that sort of gave enough
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00134-00030263-00030462 detail to people to really understand
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00135-00030463-00030662 what what we mean and what the essence
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00136-00030663-00030823 of purpose is and i just want to pull
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00137-00030824-00031087 out one word there particularly which is
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00138-00031088-00031335 the word meaningful
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00139-00031336-00031687 because by meaningful we mean about
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00140-00031688-00031918 being aligned to the service of others
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00141-00031919-00032095 and particularly the long-term
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00142-00032095-00032431 well-being of of humanity um so meaning
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00143-00032432-00032599 is at the heart of purpose and i will go
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00144-00032600-00032783 into that in a little bit more detail in
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00145-00032784-00033039 a minute brilliant okay so thank you for
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00146-00033040-00033231 that fantastic definition there set us
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00147-00033232-00033574 up now this feels quite different from
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00148-00033575-00033799 the long-held view and what i think we'd
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00149-00033800-00033983 say is the old view of
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00150-00033984-00034199 companies maximizing profit for
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00151-00034200-00034431 shareholders no longer being the core
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00152-00034432-00034631 reason that that an organization will
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00153-00034632-00034855 exist this is a big change this this
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00154-00034856-00035079 shift towards purpose
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00155-00035080-00035335 yeah it's it's a massive massive change
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00156-00035336-00035639 at the very logic of an organization and
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00157-00035640-00035902 of of economics really so we we can't
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00158-00035903-00036111 underestimate it um
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00159-00036112-00036327 i mean what it means is that
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00160-00036328-00036502 profitability
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00161-00036503-00036718 still is key so
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00162-00036719-00036839 first thing to say we're not saying
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00163-00036840-00036983 profits are bad or they shouldn't be you
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00164-00036984-00037174 know they are absolutely cool call to
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00165-00037175-00037367 delivering purpose but
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00166-00037368-00037607 it's not about profit maximization
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00167-00037608-00037862 profitability not profit maximization so
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00168-00037863-00038079 what it means is that profits become an
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00169-00038080-00038287 enabler of delivering your purpose and a
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00170-00038288-00038502 really good marker of your success but
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00171-00038503-00038751 not the point of your business um and
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00172-00038752-00039062 that means um also this is quite an
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00173-00039063-00039318 important detail that
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00174-00039319-00039551 whereas at the moment it's assumed that
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00175-00039552-00039751 people will maximize their own
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00176-00039752-00039999 well-being through the market and it's
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00177-00040000-00040199 not the role of the bus of businesses to
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00178-00040200-00040374 sort of get involved with that just to
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00179-00040375-00040559 sort of read what people are buying and
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00180-00040560-00040846 then respond to that um but actually
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00181-00040847-00041111 purpose is about an organization taking
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00182-00041112-00041335 direct responsibility for delivering
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00183-00041336-00041551 well-being and orientating their whole
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00184-00041552-00041862 operations uh towards that goal and
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00185-00041863-00042046 we've seen um
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00186-00042047-00042343 larry fink um the ceo the biggest
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00187-00042344-00042574 investment management company blackrock
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00188-00042575-00042862 um saying this recently in terms of that
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00189-00042863-00043062 society is expecting that companies
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00190-00043063-00043302 deliver directly on social issues and
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00191-00043303-00043527 don't as would have in the past or
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00192-00043528-00043815 currently leave that up to government um
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00193-00043816-00044046 so it's a major shift but massive
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00194-00044047-00044239 massive opportunity if we if we get this
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00195-00044240-00044446 right um and the cambridge impact
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00196-00044447-00044679 leadership model as we know um and for
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00197-00044680-00044902 those that don't know puts purpose
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00198-00044903-00045143 really at the center of aligning a
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00199-00045144-00045367 profitable business with a bright future
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00200-00045368-00045511 for humanity
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00201-00045512-00045743 fantastic so this leads me into this
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00202-00045744-00045974 next slide and the next question which
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00203-00045975-00046071 is
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00204-00046072-00046183 um
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00205-00046184-00046351 the reasons for this shift towards
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00206-00046352-00046679 profit and why is purposely important to
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00207-00046680-00046839 businesses today
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00208-00046840-00047135 yeah okay thank you so yeah what why why
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00209-00047136-00047239 are people
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00210-00047240-00047486 making this shift it's such a big shift
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00211-00047487-00047646 um we've been doing it for a long time
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00212-00047647-00047927 the other way why yeah absolutely well
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00213-00047928-00048007 um
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00214-00048008-00048239 the the reason that we found and and
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00215-00048240-00048583 here we summarize five of the reasons um
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00216-00048584-00048927 um is that basically business is
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00217-00048928-00049190 facing multiple pressures um and one
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00218-00049191-00049374 might say that but
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00219-00049375-00049495 most of those are a lot of those
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00220-00049496-00049695 pressures are coming from having been
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00221-00049696-00049918 overly focused on profit maximization
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00222-00049919-00050183 for a few people um and so purpose comes
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00223-00050184-00050374 along and therefore funnily enough seems
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00224-00050375-00050483 to
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00225-00050484-00050807 address many if not all of these really
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00226-00050808-00051046 deep issues that business are facing um
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00227-00051047-00051214 so yeah the five that you can see up
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00228-00051215-00051294 there
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00229-00051295-00051511 that we pull out in our report are
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00230-00051512-00051719 firstly to maintain and increase
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00231-00051720-00051950 legitimacy in business so that's really
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00232-00051951-00052150 the social license to operate you know
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00233-00052151-00052326 why society lets a business exist in the
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00234-00052327-00052566 first place to attract and motivate and
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00235-00052567-00052726 retain talent
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00236-00052727-00052966 to drive strong customer and stakeholder
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00237-00052967-00053111 relationships
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00238-00053112-00053350 to increase directly the employees
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00239-00053351-00053542 psychological well-being
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00240-00053544-00053959 and to increase business performance
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00241-00053960-00054142 fantastic well those those are pretty
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00242-00054144-00054382 powerful and i know that in addition to
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00243-00054383-00054582 sort of academic researching including
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00244-00054583-00054791 yours there there's also as you
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00245-00054791-00054959 reference been a number of sort of
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00246-00054960-00055142 practitioner reports
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00247-00055144-00055494 which
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00248-00055495-00055759 yes yeah there are um a number of
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00249-00055760-00056063 reports that really uh pull out the sort
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00250-00056064-00056366 of the detail of of how purpose can
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00251-00056367-00056726 positively affect business um so we see
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00252-00056727-00057079 um some examples here um two examples
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00253-00057079-00057303 firstly um on the left you can see
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00254-00057304-00057550 edelman's good purpose study
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00255-00057551-00057766 perhaps the the key piece of information
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00256-00057767-00057966 here is what's circled at the bottom
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00257-00057967-00058054 there
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00258-00058055-00058311 which says when quality and price are
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00259-00058312-00058415 equal
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00260-00058416-00058630 social purpose ranks as the most
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00261-00058632-00058935 important factor in selecting a brand
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00262-00058936-00059159 and secondly on the right we have some
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00263-00059160-00059511 stats from the global survey by linkedin
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00264-00059512-00059679 and that showed a connection between
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00265-00059679-00060007 purpose and financial revenue growth um
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00266-00060008-00060366 the the key statistic here is 85
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00267-00060367-00060526 of purpose-led companies have
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00268-00060527-00060823 experienced revenue growth whereas over
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00269-00060824-00061175 the same period 42 of non-purpose-led
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00270-00061176-00061463 companies experienced revenue reductions
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00271-00061464-00061615 so the key takeaway here is the
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00272-00061616-00061879 commercial success and serving society's
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00273-00061879-00062391 long-term goods can be highly compatible
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00274-00062391-00063271 i've lost sound zoe
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00275-00063272-00063542 you're back okay great all right welcome
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00276-00063544-00063750 good to glad you can hear us back so i
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00277-00063751-00063926 was just saying that those are really
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00278-00063927-00064238 compelling data points victoria and why
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00279-00064239-00064335 is this
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00280-00064336-00064550 now how can purpose be so powerful for
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00281-00064551-00064694 business
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00282-00064695-00064894 well you know obviously purpose is a
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00283-00064895-00065047 rich topic and we've got a short period
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00284-00065048-00065263 of time but i'd just like to pick out
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00285-00065264-00065479 i think the two underpinning
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00286-00065479-00065631 pieces of the puzzle of purpose that
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00287-00065632-00065831 really gives it its power
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00288-00065832-00066111 so um firstly when you
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00289-00066112-00066294 look at how people talk about purpose
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00290-00066295-00066543 one of the first ways so one of two ways
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00291-00066544-00066759 the first way that people talk about it
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00292-00066760-00067055 is that it's about um generally doing
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00293-00067056-00067215 good for all people
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00294-00067216-00067423 particularly for stakeholders and not
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00295-00067424-00067679 just shareholders so we saw what was
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00296-00067680-00067806 coming out of the u.s business
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00297-00067807-00068055 roundtable recently a couple of weeks
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00298-00068056-00068335 ago um echoing that and also echoing
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00299-00068336-00068694 what larry thinks said on purpose um so
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00300-00068695-00068911 in this way a lot of what some of these
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00301-00068912-00069182 um people are saying can sound a lot
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00302-00069183-00069431 like what we know as stakeholder theory
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00303-00069432-00069663 so the picture on the slide here is ed
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00304-00069664-00069863 freeman uh the father of stakeholder
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00305-00069864-00070111 theory and a really lovely man um and he
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00306-00070112-00070343 states here um he's also written a lot
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00307-00070344-00070487 on purpose but we're just talking here
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00308-00070488-00070735 about his stakeholder theory um but the
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00309-00070736-00070967 idea that business is about maximizing
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00310-00070968-00071238 profits for shareholders is outdated and
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00311-00071239-00071471 doesn't work very well the task of
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00312-00071472-00071726 executives is to create as much value as
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00313-00071727-00071982 possible for stakeholders without
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00314-00071983-00072191 resorting to trade-offs
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00315-00072192-00072462 so here the responsibility of companies
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00316-00072463-00072671 is to serve the good of stakeholders and
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00317-00072672-00072831 by doing that they will ultimately
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00318-00072832-00073062 benefit so this is also aligned with a
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00319-00073063-00073255 long-term perspective of business value
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00320-00073256-00073382 creation
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00321-00073383-00073503 and also
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00322-00073504-00073703 what is known as enlightened shareholder
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00323-00073704-00073799 value
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00324-00073800-00074135 um but the real you know at the heart of
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00325-00074136-00074455 of why doing good is important
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00326-00074456-00074550 is
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00327-00074551-00074862 because what we we know about humanity
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00328-00074863-00075175 that as humans we're actually geared to
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00329-00075176-00075406 serving the well-being of others
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00330-00075407-00075606 so i'd just like to
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00331-00075607-00075838 take a moment to just reflect on that
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00332-00075839-00075991 and this links back to what i was saying
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00333-00075992-00076215 about meaningfulness and meaning being
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00334-00076216-00076462 at the heart of purpose um
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00335-00076463-00076535 so
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00336-00076536-00076782 viktor frankl uh drawing from ancient
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00337-00076783-00077094 philosophy summarizes this really well
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00338-00077095-00077367 this core human motivation
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00339-00077368-00077479 success
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00340-00077480-00077815 like happiness cannot be pursued it must
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00341-00077816-00077935 ensue
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00342-00077936-00078223 and it only does so as the unintended
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00343-00078224-00078535 side effect of one's personal dedication
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00344-00078536-00078838 to a cause greater than oneself or as
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00345-00078839-00079119 the byproduct of one's surrender to a
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00346-00079120-00079375 person other than oneself
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00347-00079376-00079526 and this is
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00348-00079527-00079815 viktor frankl's definition of of meaning
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00349-00079816-00080159 and for him a a purposeful life is a
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00350-00080160-00080311 meaningful life and these things are
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00351-00080312-00080447 highly connected
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00352-00080448-00080631 so we're hardwired to want to have
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00353-00080632-00080743 meaning we don't want to have
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00354-00080744-00080999 meaningless lives um it's it's totally
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00355-00081000-00081326 core to us so organizational purpose is
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00356-00081327-00081511 about connecting a company with that
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00357-00081512-00081735 motivation um
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00358-00081736-00081903 and this is what unlocks a lot of the
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00359-00081904-00082135 power of purpose so again that's a
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00360-00082136-00082375 massive shift for business because as we
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00361-00082376-00082606 probably probably know
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00362-00082607-00082767 businesses are generally based on the
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00363-00082768-00083006 assumption that we're mostly driven by
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00364-00083007-00083191 self-interest and money and that's quite
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00365-00083192-00083511 hardwired into business thinking um
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00366-00083512-00083743 so um and i'd further just just finally
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00367-00083744-00083991 suggest on on this point around the
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00368-00083992-00084262 first point around business doing good
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00369-00084263-00084343 is
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00370-00084344-00084575 that global humanity i'd say probably
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00371-00084576-00084799 has already an implicit shared purpose
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00372-00084800-00085062 at the very largest level um which is to
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00373-00085063-00085375 achieve long-term well-being for all
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00374-00085376-00085567 and if that isn't our shared project
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00375-00085568-00085879 then what is so answers on a postcard um
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00376-00085880-00086087 so the question uh for leaders when
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00377-00086088-00086382 thinking about defining their purpose is
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00378-00086383-00086599 how can their organization uniquely
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00379-00086600-00086847 contribute to that um in relation to
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00380-00086848-00087087 other people in the in the marketplace
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00381-00087088-00087335 and that's where organization purpose
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00382-00087336-00087518 organizational purpose sits and what
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00383-00087519-00087743 underpins it so that was the the first
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00384-00087744-00087950 key point of what gives purpose its
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00385-00087951-00088175 power is
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00386-00088176-00088359 fantastic so that's the sort of the
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00387-00088360-00088494 profound
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00388-00088495-00088726 first point in terms of doing good for
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00389-00088727-00088823 others
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00390-00088824-00089111 um what's what's your second key point
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00391-00089112-00089326 okay so the second way the purpose is
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00392-00089327-00089535 talked about sometimes totally in
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00393-00089536-00089775 abstract to anything around around what
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00394-00089776-00089943 i just talked about there
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00395-00089944-00090182 is the purpose is about having a really
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00396-00090183-00091223 clear goal that galvanizes and energizes
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00397-00091224-00092482 we've lost your
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00398-00092483-00092671 sound can
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00399-00092672-00092815 people on the chat just let us know
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00400-00092816-00092967 whether you actually can
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00401-00092968-00093143 still hear victoria
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00402-00093144-00093479 or just sort out this momentary glitch
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00403-00093480-00093679 doesn't matter what kind of goal it is
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00404-00093680-00093879 it doesn't have to be about doing good
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00405-00093880-00094071 so in that way the mafia could be seen
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00406-00094072-00094335 to be purpose-driven
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00407-00094336-00094455 however
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00408-00094456-00094647 we in fact uh
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00409-00094648-00094815 find that purpose is a unique
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00410-00094816-00095094 combination of both these things
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00411-00095095-00095438 so firstly it's a north star but all
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00412-00095439-00095671 stakeholders no matter where they see
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00413-00095672-00095831 where they sit in the constellation they
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00414-00095832-00096062 can see this north star and they can
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00415-00096063-00096206 understand it and they can make
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00416-00096207-00096431 decisions in relation to it
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00417-00096432-00096662 and at the same time purpose is about
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00418-00096663-00096838 that deep motivation
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00419-00096839-00097062 that you human motivation to walk in the
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00420-00097063-00097335 direction of that north star because it
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00421-00097336-00097511 is deeply
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00422-00097512-00097687 meaningful and motivational because it's
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00423-00097688-00097903 about serving the good of others
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00424-00097904-00098159 so for purpose to be a north star it's
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00425-00098160-00098367 important to note that um
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00426-00098368-00098694 it has to be specific it can't just be
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00427-00098695-00098918 too general um
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00428-00098919-00099047 so
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00429-00099048-00099247 it's got to be about therefore about
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00430-00099248-00099391 certain groups that you're serving
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00431-00099392-00099574 whilst of course taking care of your
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00432-00099575-00099767 stakeholders help you to achieve that
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00433-00099768-00099935 purpose um and that was a point that
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00434-00099936-00100174 professor eccles made on the front page
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00435-00100175-00100415 of the ft recently you might have seen
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00436-00100416-00100638 um but of course purpose therefore is
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00437-00100639-00100935 about uh both these things um so purpose
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00438-00100936-00101087 cannot just be about serving all
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00439-00101088-00101303 stakeholders and it can't just be about
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00440-00101304-00101550 any old ambition just gone
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00441-00101551-00101774 fantastic so thank you victoria and
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00442-00101775-00101926 thank you for mentioning that other
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00443-00101927-00102023 recent
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00444-00102024-00102271 uh piece that covered off purpose in the
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00445-00102272-00102502 financial times that um people on the
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00446-00102503-00102663 webinar might have seen
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00447-00102664-00102927 super so you've effectively unpacked the
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00448-00102928-00103254 first piece in terms of purpose
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00449-00103255-00103447 now now the second piece in terms of
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00450-00103448-00103558 connecting
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00451-00103559-00103823 purpose with leadership and what purpose
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00452-00103824-00103951 means for leadership can you can you
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00453-00103952-00104158 take us into that
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00454-00104159-00104399 yeah absolutely um and as i said purpose
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00455-00104400-00104606 is a rich topic and it really
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00456-00104607-00104815 transforms what we need to think about
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00457-00104816-00104958 in terms of leadership a lot of that
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00458-00104959-00105086 thinking has already been done but it's
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00459-00105088-00105215 about bringing it together and being
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00460-00105216-00105439 really clear um and obviously this is a
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00461-00105440-00105686 short webinar so i'm just gonna outline
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00462-00105688-00106023 three key areas um and these align um
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00463-00106024-00106207 very much and build on
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00464-00106208-00106319 what's in the cambridge impact
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00465-00106320-00106463 leadership model
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00466-00106464-00106695 which you can see here um so that bottom
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00467-00106696-00106919 part the leadership we need the three
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00468-00106920-00107175 areas there are guided by purpose
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00469-00107176-00107366 cultivating the necessary thinking
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00470-00107367-00107663 values and practice and being reflective
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00471-00107664-00107854 and adaptive so i'm going to mention
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00472-00107855-00108054 three arrows around purpose and how they
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00473-00108055-00108351 uh interact with those points so
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00474-00108352-00108678 the first point i'm going to mention is
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00475-00108679-00108966 about being brave bold and humble this
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00476-00108967-00109095 is the sort of leadership that we're
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00477-00109096-00109231 talking about
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00478-00109232-00109486 um and and just to say that this and all
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00479-00109488-00109631 these points really are about this
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00480-00109632-00109871 bringing humanity back into business so
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00481-00109872-00110023 that underpins a lot of this thinking
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00482-00110024-00110231 and particularly this point here
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00483-00110232-00110463 so any for any company who's about to
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00484-00110464-00110695 set up out on a purpose journey or start
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00485-00110696-00110863 a purpose-driven business
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00486-00110864-00111023 but particularly if you're transitioning
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00487-00111024-00111343 it's a long difficult and uncharted road
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00488-00111344-00111471 for change i mean any change is
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00489-00111472-00111631 difficult this is massive
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00490-00111632-00111895 um and so we had a lot through our
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00491-00111896-00112102 research people talking about the need
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00492-00112103-00112390 for brave and vulnerable leadership
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00493-00112391-00112551 so think about marks and spencers you
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00494-00112552-00112727 walk into a shop now and you'll still
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00495-00112728-00112927 see things that do not fit planning that
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00496-00112928-00113190 are not very sustainable at all however
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00497-00113191-00113454 we're okay with that and why
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00498-00113455-00113663 because from the very beginning the
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00499-00113664-00113934 leadership was very clear that m s are
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00500-00113935-00114054 not perfect
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00501-00114055-00114223 that it would take many years to
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00502-00114224-00114471 implement their purpose intent
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00503-00114472-00114590 but and that they would get lots of
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00504-00114591-00114790 things right wrong along that journey
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00505-00114791-00115063 but that they were nonetheless 100
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00506-00115064-00115310 committed to that in purpose intent
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00507-00115311-00115654 because there was no plan b there is no
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00508-00115655-00115863 uh and so this approach this brave
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00509-00115864-00116039 vulnerable leadership is reflected in
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00510-00116040-00116295 the cambridge impact leadership model in
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00511-00116296-00116510 their emphasis on being reflective and
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00512-00116511-00116734 adaptive because you really have to be
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00513-00116735-00116854 tuned in
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00514-00116855-00117039 in order to be able to be brave and
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00515-00117040-00117215 vulnerable and open out to your
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00516-00117216-00117390 stakeholders rather than being closed
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00517-00117391-00117686 and isolated so that's point number one
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00518-00117688-00117943 point number two is about
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00519-00117944-00118215 being clear that this is this is about
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00520-00118216-00118534 um leadership but it that is not heroic
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00521-00118535-00118807 it's not about having all the answers
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00522-00118808-00119023 it's about setting a frame and not
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00523-00119024-00119190 making all the decisions and purpose
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00524-00119191-00119390 really is a frame at the very highest
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00525-00119391-00119702 level it's a clear bold and uh
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00526-00119703-00119999 motivating frame um and therefore it
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00527-00120000-00120190 actually one of its key benefits is that
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00528-00120191-00120407 it allows you to take out lots of that
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00529-00120408-00120647 micro decision making and strategy
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00530-00120648-00120847 because you're not trying to stop people
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00531-00120848-00120999 being self-interested and you're not
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00532-00121000-00121151 trying to dictate what they do you're
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00533-00121152-00121431 trying to enable them to to achieve the
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00534-00121432-00121543 purpose
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00535-00121544-00121863 so um so basically leaders need to be
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00536-00121864-00122158 really astute to how much guidance they
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00537-00122159-00122431 need to give in relation to the purpose
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00538-00122432-00122639 so they need enough so that that frame
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00539-00122640-00122871 is clear enough and that people know how
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00540-00122872-00123071 to interpret it and it is relatively
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00541-00123072-00123247 consistently interpreted at that high
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00542-00123248-00123543 level but if they give um and they can
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00543-00123544-00123727 do that through written statements
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00544-00123728-00124007 stories proof points but if they give
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00545-00124008-00124302 too little um then um people don't
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00546-00124303-00124558 really understand what the purpose uh
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00547-00124559-00124871 is but um if they give too much then
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00548-00124872-00125190 they basically end up being uh feeling
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00549-00125191-00125351 like they have no ownership that they
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00550-00125352-00125519 can't connect and really lead that
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00551-00125520-00125727 purpose they're being led rather than
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00552-00125728-00125910 being enabled to lead
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00553-00125911-00126151 so again reflexivity and adaptability
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00554-00126152-00126366 from the cambridge leadership model is
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00555-00126367-00126575 critical to this
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00556-00126576-00126751 so yeah this is about leadership in
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00557-00126752-00127007 context
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00558-00127008-00127110 okay
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00559-00127111-00127302 finally third point
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00560-00127303-00127671 is to focus on the purpose really focus
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00561-00127672-00127895 on the purpose and people's emotional
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00562-00127896-00128095 connection with it because the answers
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00563-00128096-00128263 are there if your purpose is truly
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00564-00128264-00128407 meaningful
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00565-00128408-00128583 and contributes to the well-being of
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00566-00128583-00128871 others then leading for purpose is about
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00567-00128872-00129127 making those connections between
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00568-00129128-00129375 um what people do in their work and
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00569-00129376-00129543 achieving that purpose on behalf of
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00570-00129544-00129751 others you know really reinforcing those
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00571-00129752-00130023 connections and academics like bartlett
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00572-00130024-00130166 and goshell and this was actually back
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00573-00130167-00130439 in the 90s a great article they wrote
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00574-00130440-00130727 is that a leader's core role so
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00575-00130728-00130951 especially senior leadership their core
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00576-00130952-00131143 role is to help employees and
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00577-00131144-00131375 stakeholders connect emotionally with
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00578-00131376-00131614 the organizational purpose not to
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00579-00131615-00131975 dictate strategy so as a leader the
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00580-00131976-00132175 amount of time and energy you put into
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00581-00132176-00132431 both yourself and others being able to
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00582-00132432-00132695 think through how their work delivers on
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00583-00132696-00132919 the organizational purpose and what that
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00584-00132920-00133071 therefore means
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00585-00133072-00133311 for the good of others um the more that
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00586-00133312-00133495 that can be done the stronger the
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00587-00133496-00133847 purpose will come to life and be lived
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00588-00133848-00134087 fantastic so so thank you very much
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00589-00134088-00134239 victoria i think that that last section
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00590-00134240-00134407 in particular how to lead for purpose
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00591-00134408-00134671 was was really powerful in showing the
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00592-00134672-00134839 connection between purpose and
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00593-00134840-00135143 leadership and just a note any of the
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00594-00135144-00135311 the references that are made in this
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00595-00135312-00135543 webinar are at the back
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00596-00135544-00135743 of the webinar so if you want to dig in
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00597-00135744-00135871 some of the articles that victoria
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00598-00135872-00136087 mentioned super so we've heard from
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00599-00136088-00136214 victoria in terms of the connection
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00600-00136215-00136439 between purpose and leadership i now
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00601-00136440-00136702 want to hand over um for a few minutes
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00602-00136703-00136887 to ben callard who's going to take us
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00603-00136888-00137007 from
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00604-00137008-00137199 purpose and leadership through to the
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00605-00137200-00137375 relationship between purpose and
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00606-00137376-00137551 sustainability so
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00607-00137552-00137735 tell us about that then thanks yeah well
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00608-00137736-00137911 i i guess last year i was really struck
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00609-00137912-00138047 as i was hearing more and more about the
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00610-00138048-00138214 purpose debate and looking into it and
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00611-00138215-00138447 talking to great people like victoria so
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00612-00138448-00138607 there's huge potential with purpose but
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00613-00138608-00138766 like a lot of the leaders i was working
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00614-00138767-00138871 with it
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00615-00138872-00139031 was saying how do these fit together are
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00616-00139032-00139287 they compatible if so how and so on and
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00617-00139288-00139502 so as i was talking to purpose and
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00618-00139503-00139759 sustainability experts over last year
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00619-00139760-00139911 they have shared that same impression
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00620-00139912-00140071 that it was unclear how this fits
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00621-00140072-00140295 together so at the end of last year i
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00622-00140296-00140487 basically got essentially a dream team
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00623-00140488-00140654 of experts together from both the
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00624-00140655-00140799 purpose side of the debate and the
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00625-00140800-00140983 sustainability side of the debate to
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00626-00140984-00141190 thrash this out and what we came up with
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00627-00141191-00141351 you can see the great group there many
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00628-00141352-00141559 of whom seem very familiar and we came
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00629-00141560-00141743 up with this definition which is so
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00630-00141744-00141911 sustainable purpose
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00631-00141912-00142111 is a meaningful enduring reason for an
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00632-00142112-00142287 organization to exist
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00633-00142288-00142454 that provides solution to global
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00634-00142455-00142711 challenges like the sdgs
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00635-00142712-00142966 all benefit society but in a way that
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00636-00142967-00143143 sustains the social environmental
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00637-00143144-00143326 systems we rely upon and so that's what
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00638-00143327-00143471 we kind of got to so building on the
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00639-00143472-00143631 great work of victoria i was delighted
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00640-00143632-00143878 that she was able to be part of that um
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00641-00143879-00144054 you can see the definition
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00642-00144055-00144254 and so i think what that's doing is it's
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00643-00144255-00144366 delivering us
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00644-00144367-00144511 crucially a couple of other additional
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00645-00144512-00144751 benefits to purpose in isolation which
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00646-00144752-00145031 is i think helping businesses say well
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00647-00145032-00145223 what do we you know given that the level
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00648-00145224-00145447 of the change taking place in society is
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00649-00145448-00145695 exponential so is our business our
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00650-00145696-00145919 business model and our purpose resilient
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00651-00145920-00146135 and relevant in that future and that's
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00652-00146136-00146287 what is helping answer that question i
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00653-00146288-00146502 think by bringing sustainability to bear
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00654-00146503-00146687 with purpose so you're combining both
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00655-00146688-00146871 that relevance and resilience into the
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00656-00146872-00146999 future
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00657-00147000-00147199 with that positive articulation of a
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00658-00147200-00147407 business's contribution and towards it
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00659-00147408-00147535 and i think that's what the power of
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00660-00147536-00147735 bringing these two ideas together and we
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00661-00147736-00147878 just felt that
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00662-00147879-00148135 the group that it was both inextricably
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00663-00148136-00148335 linked purpose and sustainability
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00664-00148336-00148623 fantastic now where do the sdgs fit in
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00665-00148624-00148790 all of this because obviously a lot of
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00666-00148791-00148975 people when they talk about
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00667-00148976-00149151 purposeful leadership they mention the
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00668-00149152-00149407 sdgs yeah we know from um so the
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00669-00149408-00149590 research you can see here is showing
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00670-00149591-00149743 that we know a lot of businesses are
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00671-00149744-00149902 looking at the sdgs thinking what it
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00672-00149903-00150143 means for them and that's not just here
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00673-00150144-00150295 in europe but across the world we're
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00674-00150296-00150519 seeing that and
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00675-00150520-00150663 and i think that that's a provides a
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00676-00150664-00150959 really powerful tool the sdgs to help
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00677-00150960-00151095 think about what the business model
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00678-00151096-00151239 needs to look like into the future and
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00679-00151240-00151399 think about well what would that
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00680-00151400-00151590 business look like that purpose if it
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00681-00151591-00151775 were delivering the sdgs
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00682-00151776-00152031 to help both understand whether if you
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00683-00152032-00152287 like the big drawdowns on natural social
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00684-00152288-00152423 assets are but also crucially the
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00685-00152424-00152607 contribution they can make to well-being
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00686-00152608-00152799 as as victoria describes as this
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00687-00152800-00153047 research shows as well that um and this
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00688-00153048-00153231 comes only just from last from this year
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00689-00153232-00153478 which is that 34 of businesses and this
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00690-00153479-00153735 is over a thousand global responses
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00691-00153736-00154014 um are mapping sdgs against their future
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00692-00154015-00154126 strategy
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00693-00154127-00154295 and 46
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00694-00154296-00154454 are in the process of integrating the
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00695-00154455-00154766 sdgs into their broader strategy so so
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00696-00154767-00155014 it seems there's this um alignment
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00697-00155015-00155247 opportunity between potentially bringing
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00698-00155248-00155526 purpose into that um above and beyond
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00699-00155527-00155783 just looking at um at the sdgs
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00700-00155784-00155902 deloitte did a piece of research a
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00701-00155903-00156054 couple of years ago which which found
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00702-00156055-00156319 that they looked at the ftse 350 so 350
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00703-00156320-00156535 biggest companies in the uk and found
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00704-00156536-00156807 that only um it was 13
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00705-00156808-00157031 were both having an explicit purpose
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00706-00157032-00157175 that was linked to sustainable
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00707-00157176-00157326 development in some way be that the
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00708-00157327-00157478 sustainable development goals so already
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00709-00157479-00157614 we know it's quite a minority at the
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00710-00157615-00157807 moment but we also know a lot of
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00711-00157808-00158078 companies are looking at this right okay
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00712-00158079-00158271 so if a lot of companies are looking at
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00713-00158272-00158614 this what does how how do we make an
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00714-00158615-00158943 organizational purpose fit for purpose
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00715-00158944-00159143 what's that look like good question well
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00716-00159144-00159366 i think one of the things that um ci
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00717-00159367-00159559 cell's already set out in the rewiring
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00718-00159560-00159895 leadership are these characteristics um
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00719-00159896-00160166 that makes a fit for purpose and so the
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00720-00160167-00160375 first is that relevance to the nature
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00721-00160376-00160526 and scale of the challenges we're facing
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00722-00160527-00160719 we sometimes call that evidence-based so
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00723-00160720-00160887 that as i was talking about you're
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00724-00160888-00161014 really thinking about what does the
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00725-00161015-00161278 future hold how does it is it is
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00726-00161279-00161447 addressing those exponential changes
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00727-00161448-00161575 that we're facing with that climate
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00728-00161576-00161863 change biodiversity loss and so on
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00729-00161864-00161999 the other thing is that it's holistic so
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00730-00162000-00162151 it has to look really across the whole
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00731-00162152-00162311 business it's no good looking at just
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00732-00162312-00162487 your media you know
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00733-00162488-00162678 who you're buying or selling from but
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00734-00162679-00162854 right across from where you're buying
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00735-00162855-00163039 raw materials sourcing them right way
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00736-00163040-00163207 through to how the product is used and
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00737-00163208-00163407 disposed of
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00738-00163408-00163566 it needs to be authentic coming back to
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00739-00163567-00163695 what victoria is saying that it really
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00740-00163696-00163838 needs to be you know people who need to
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00741-00163839-00163990 be walking the talk in the business and
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00742-00163991-00164135 i think particularly we've seen when
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00743-00164136-00164295 businesses particularly big businesses
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00744-00164296-00164447 that have been profit focused are
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00745-00164448-00164775 shifting to a more a broader purpose
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00746-00164776-00164951 everyone's watching and saying okay one
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00747-00164952-00165126 of those moments of truth decisions
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00748-00165127-00165287 where you're really evidencing that that
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00749-00165288-00165519 authenticity is important
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00750-00165520-00165687 and also i think that the purpose
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00751-00165688-00165935 becomes prior to both the business model
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00752-00165936-00166207 and strategy it forms and underpins both
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00753-00166208-00166343 and that's something we've seen when
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00754-00166344-00166478 when businesses are figuring out what
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00755-00166479-00166671 their purpose is often there comes that
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00756-00166672-00166783 point where they realize that their
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00757-00166784-00166990 business model isn't resilient
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00758-00166991-00167126 in the future
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00759-00167127-00167326 and so we have to come back and say well
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00760-00167327-00167559 what has that need to be adapted to find
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00761-00167560-00167759 a purpose which is relevant and
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00762-00167760-00167935 resilient in that future
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00763-00167936-00168199 so it can then inform strategy planning
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00764-00168200-00168414 and so on and then finally that it's
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00765-00168415-00168559 owned across the organization so it's
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00766-00168560-00168743 not just in an executive team or the
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00767-00168744-00168935 board it's really seen as something
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00768-00168936-00169119 owned across the organization
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00769-00169120-00169359 um and then yeah so i think an example
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00770-00169360-00169543 of that might be
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00771-00169544-00169702 so olam are an interesting business
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00772-00169703-00169959 they're based on southeast asia huge
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00773-00169960-00170247 great um agricultural business and their
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00774-00170248-00170414 purpose is to reimagine global
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00775-00170415-00170631 agriculture and food systems and they've
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00776-00170632-00170831 underpinned that by saying they want to
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00777-00170832-00171031 be regenerative and net positive in key
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00778-00171032-00171238 areas like communities agricultural
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00779-00171239-00171438 techniques and the farmers and so
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00780-00171439-00171590 they're bringing that idea that that's
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00781-00171591-00171759 underpinning that purpose i think that's
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00782-00171760-00171926 a that's something that struck me
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00783-00171927-00172095 fantastic and thank you for that because
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00784-00172096-00172287 i was going to ask you to bring
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00785-00172288-00172583 some examples to life of ones that you
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00786-00172584-00172823 particularly like that you've seen super
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00787-00172824-00173038 okay so you've outlined five key
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00788-00173039-00173319 characteristics there of how to have a
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00789-00173320-00173511 purpose that is fit for purpose
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00790-00173512-00173695 now on the flip side what are some of
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00791-00173696-00173959 the pitfalls to avoid so we've got a lot
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00792-00173960-00174087 of people on the webinar might be
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00793-00174088-00174247 thinking about how they integrate a
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00794-00174248-00174375 sustainable purpose into their
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00795-00174376-00174543 organization yeah what what are the
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00796-00174544-00174671 watch outs
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00797-00174672-00174838 so i think there's probably three i'd
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00798-00174839-00175078 pull out as sort of quite typical um if
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00799-00175079-00175343 you like pitfalls i think the first is
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00800-00175344-00175623 not engaging widely enough and as
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00801-00175624-00175799 victoria was saying as we're shifting
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00802-00175800-00175975 from this idea that organizations are
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00803-00175976-00176247 like big complex machines or cars with
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00804-00176248-00176447 drivers who are the executive team you
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00805-00176448-00176599 know pushing their decisions through the
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00806-00176600-00176854 organization as we're shifting to more
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00807-00176855-00177166 organic agile responsive organizations i
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00808-00177167-00177383 think it means that you need to engage
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00809-00177384-00177543 the culture and there's examples of
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00810-00177544-00177775 where that's both bottom up top down
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00811-00177776-00178047 inside out outside in and a combination
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00812-00178048-00178287 those work well a lot of organizations
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00813-00178288-00178399 are you know going back to their
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00814-00178400-00178583 original heritage i mean unilever is an
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00815-00178584-00178854 example of that where their purpose of
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00816-00178855-00179038 uh create you know making sustainable
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00817-00179039-00179231 living commonplace echoes lord levers
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00818-00179232-00179399 making clean in this commonplace that
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00819-00179400-00179526 underpins you know the original
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00820-00179527-00179726 victorian soap business
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00821-00179727-00179823 um
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00822-00179824-00180031 so so there's definitely that i think um
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00823-00180032-00180126 also
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00824-00180127-00180351 diluting these powerful ideas of
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00825-00180352-00180623 sustainability and purpose and diluting
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00826-00180624-00180751 them or maybe not understanding them
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00827-00180752-00180975 well enough to say how can they really
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00828-00180976-00181119 inform that future direction the
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00829-00181120-00181287 business and having a robust
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00830-00181288-00181487 evidence-based approach to
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00831-00181488-00181647 thinking about the businesses role in
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00832-00181648-00181823 the future
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00833-00181824-00181983 and i think then finally is it can often
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00834-00181984-00182166 get very fragmented and diverged across
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00835-00182167-00182383 an organization so you might have a i've
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00836-00182384-00182559 seen you know purpose directors or
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00837-00182560-00182766 sustainability directors and strategy
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00838-00182767-00182959 teams who aren't talking to each other
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00839-00182960-00183199 aren't aligned and so i think what this
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00840-00183200-00183447 uh so i think connecting those together
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00841-00183448-00183631 so that it's really becomes one and the
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00842-00183632-00183799 same where you might then as a result of
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00843-00183800-00183975 a purpose have roles and
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00844-00183976-00184135 responsibilities for functions but
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00845-00184136-00184326 they're connected together so it's
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00846-00184327-00184535 really underpinning decision making at
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00847-00184536-00184759 all levels of the organization yeah
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00848-00184760-00185031 brilliant okay so we've nearly come to
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00849-00185032-00185190 the end of our talking and i'd like you
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00850-00185191-00185295 to just
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00851-00185296-00185383 um
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00852-00185384-00185566 also talk about
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00853-00185567-00185735 um really interesting to know so you
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00854-00185736-00185926 mentioned rewiring the economy and
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00855-00185927-00186143 rewiring the economy that a recent
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00856-00186144-00186438 report that we published also brings in
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00857-00186439-00186559 elements of
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00858-00186560-00186750 purpose what are what are the related
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00859-00186751-00187031 tasks there so i think the four tasks
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00860-00187032-00187199 for business that's within rewiring the
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00861-00187200-00187495 economy are great ways of avoiding those
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00862-00187496-00187711 pitfalls so we've already talked about
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00863-00187712-00187926 the importance of aligning that purpose
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00864-00187927-00188111 strategy um
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00865-00188112-00188295 and with sustainability i think one just
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00866-00188296-00188447 thing to add there is that often i think
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00867-00188448-00188559 that
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00868-00188560-00188735 from working with businesses there's
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00869-00188736-00188887 often that moment when you realize the
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00870-00188888-00189038 current business model isn't fit for the
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00871-00189039-00189135 future
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00872-00189136-00189278 so there is often a point where you need
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00873-00189279-00189447 to engage the exact team and the board
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00874-00189448-00189671 on saying well what is a relevant
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00875-00189672-00189807 purpose and business model how do we
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00876-00189808-00190111 need to be moving towards that um
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00877-00190112-00190278 setting evidence-based targets as part
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00878-00190279-00190447 of that underpinning it like olam have
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00879-00190448-00190711 done setting evidence-based goals um is
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00880-00190712-00190878 really important
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00881-00190879-00191054 task nine which is about embedding it in
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00882-00191055-00191247 working practices now some working
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00883-00191248-00191383 practices are more important than others
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00884-00191384-00191526 depending on the business you're in so
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00885-00191527-00191726 if you're a product manufacturer
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00886-00191727-00191887 probably your new product development
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00887-00191888-00192078 process is really important to make sure
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00888-00192079-00192247 that those stage gates are reflecting
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00889-00192248-00192559 the purpose in a meaningful way um
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00890-00192560-00192711 reward and recognition is really
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00891-00192712-00192831 critical i think we're going to come on
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00892-00192832-00192966 and talk a bit about that but getting
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00893-00192967-00193159 into people's personal objectives and
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00894-00193160-00193295 building on what victoria was saying
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00895-00193296-00193502 making sure it's clear enough as a frame
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00896-00193503-00193678 but leaving room for people to interpret
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00897-00193679-00193966 and sort of make sense of that
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00898-00193967-00194183 um and then finally playing that role of
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00899-00194184-00194350 engaging externally we know that a lot
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00900-00194351-00194566 of organizations that are within systems
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00901-00194567-00194711 where that's you know pressures from
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00902-00194712-00194959 capital markets or distribution channels
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00903-00194960-00195111 supply chains that are currently
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00904-00195112-00195278 unsustainable and they need to play a
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00905-00195279-00195375 role in
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00906-00195376-00195590 shaping that to create and where they
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00907-00195591-00195766 can't fix these issues alone whether
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00908-00195767-00195975 that's deforestation human rights
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00909-00195976-00196135 whatever so playing that external
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00910-00196136-00196335 pro-aggressive role and the sort of
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00911-00196336-00196495 final thing i think to mention there is
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00912-00196496-00196678 that often people talk about trust and
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00913-00196679-00196895 resilience as if or trust and reputation
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00914-00196896-00197087 if it's something you can go after i
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00915-00197088-00197214 think there's victory saying that i
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00916-00197215-00197350 think it's also something that comes
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00917-00197351-00197566 from doing other things is a result of
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00918-00197567-00197878 being transparent being consistent and
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00919-00197879-00198031 actually delivering you know great
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00920-00198032-00198207 products and services so trust and
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00921-00198208-00198326 reputation i think is something is an
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00922-00198327-00198478 outcome of doing these things is not
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00923-00198479-00198743 something you go after as a goal on its
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00924-00198744-00199102 own great super so lots and lots from um
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00925-00199103-00199254 consider there and i'm sure people will
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00926-00199255-00199599 be revisiting these great ideas so
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00927-00199600-00199919 final your final elish words of advice
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00928-00199920-00200087 what would they be
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00929-00200088-00200207 so i guess just picking out a couple of
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00930-00200208-00200423 other things i i did write a piece a
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00931-00200424-00200654 blog looking at 10 questions to consider
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00932-00200655-00200990 when aligning purpose sustainability and
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00933-00200991-00201135 and strategy and i just want to draw out
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00934-00201136-00201319 a few i guess is we've talked about the
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00935-00201320-00201575 importance of engaging widely um within
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00936-00201576-00201719 the organization
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00937-00201720-00201935 was a big multinational that used an
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00938-00201936-00202214 online platform to engage north of 70 of
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00939-00202215-00202319 colleagues
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00940-00202320-00202478 which was really powerful
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00941-00202479-00202583 um
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00942-00202584-00202726 look at the importance of looking at the
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00943-00202727-00202902 overall business the whole of the value
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00944-00202903-00202990 chain
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00945-00202991-00203214 and using evidence-based science to
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00946-00203215-00203311 inform
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00947-00203312-00203631 what's important and what the goals are
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00948-00203632-00203831 i think another thing is is being clear
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00949-00203832-00204135 about once you've got your purpose what
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00950-00204136-00204238 are the key
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00951-00204239-00204414 strategic priorities or plays over the
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00952-00204415-00204583 next three to five years where are the
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00953-00204584-00204814 big investments like for example for
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00954-00204815-00204990 vertically integrating your supply chain
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00955-00204991-00205214 more or going down a certification route
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00956-00205215-00205375 so that can provide real connections
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00957-00205376-00205662 between functions so that say brands can
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00958-00205663-00205910 draw on investments in the supply chain
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00959-00205911-00206198 um talks about that
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00960-00206200-00206406 creating space for innovation and
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00961-00206407-00206542 interpretation
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00962-00206544-00206751 by people in functions like in product
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00963-00206752-00206886 development or
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00964-00206887-00207055 marketing
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00965-00207056-00207223 also building the capacity particularly
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00966-00207223-00207358 if key populations they're going to have
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00967-00207359-00207551 to take the lead on this first and that
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00968-00207552-00207727 might be taking it to market developing
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00969-00207728-00207910 the products in the first place
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00970-00207911-00208023 and it's really important i think that
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00971-00208023-00208294 that's done um you you do embed it in
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00972-00208296-00208519 the business before you go shouting too
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00973-00208519-00208646 much about it some business has been
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00974-00208648-00208894 caught out by talking very quickly about
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00975-00208896-00209103 their purpose without really delivering
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00976-00209104-00209310 the goods because i think it's
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00977-00209311-00209455 doing these things getting into the
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00978-00209456-00209606 organizational disciplines which is
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00979-00209607-00209806 where the heavy lifting is and that's
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00980-00209807-00209975 the bit where the performance is
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00981-00209976-00210127 delivered that's where the benefits are
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00982-00210128-00210358 accrued and that's also what's very hard
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00983-00210359-00210575 for competitors to replicate as well and
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00984-00210576-00210767 i think once you're doing all that stuff
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00985-00210767-00210975 telling the story you know showing the
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00986-00210976-00211158 metrics where you've got it but also
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00987-00211159-00211391 using storytelling to show the progress
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00988-00211392-00211519 you're making along the way great
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00989-00211519-00211719 fantastic what a brilliant point to end
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00990-00211719-00211967 on telling a compelling story always one
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00991-00211967-00212158 of my personal favorites
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00992-00212159-00212334 super so
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00993-00212335-00212598 i am actually not going to cover off the
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00994-00212600-00212855 key takeaways because i want to get onto
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00995-00212856-00213094 the questions but i think in summary
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00996-00213096-00213310 what we've done over the last
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00997-00213311-00213615 30 minutes is we've taken you from
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00998-00213616-00213831 definitions of purpose connecting that
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-00999-00213832-00214046 to leadership and then finally with you
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01000-00214048-00214287 ben talking about the connection between
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01001-00214288-00214551 purpose and sustainability so what i'd
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01002-00214552-00214727 now like to do with no further ado
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01003-00214728-00214871 because we've got a lot of people on the
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01004-00214871-00215127 call is get us into our questions
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01005-00215128-00215375 now we did get a few questions in
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01006-00215376-00215694 advance so thank you to people that
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01007-00215696-00215855 submitted those so i'm gonna kick off
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01008-00215856-00216023 with a couple of those
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01009-00216023-00216103 and
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01010-00216104-00216182 um
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01011-00216183-00216471 so sort of a first question
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01012-00216471-00216727 um victoria which i'm gonna come to you
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01013-00216728-00216975 on if i may is
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01014-00216976-00217255 we had a question about um you know how
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01015-00217256-00217479 do you begin to identify purpose and
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01016-00217480-00217679 meaning at an individual level so so
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01017-00217680-00218023 what's our what's our starting point
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01018-00218023-00218231 well i yeah i would just refer back
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01019-00218232-00218446 really to the to the point that i made
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01020-00218448-00218879 earlier um about that that warm glow and
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01021-00218880-00219127 so i i don't know if people are um
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01022-00219128-00219327 are familiar with that sense of warm
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01023-00219328-00219527 glow that you get when you open the door
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01024-00219528-00219679 for someone or pick something up for
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01025-00219680-00219894 someone um and that's really the hard
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01026-00219896-00220094 wiring that i talked about earlier in
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01027-00220096-00220263 terms of you know humans wanting to
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01028-00220264-00220527 serve others so if you're going to start
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01029-00220528-00220758 to identify person meaning for yourself
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01030-00220759-00220942 or for others it's really starting to
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01031-00220944-00221134 tune into that to begin with and that
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01032-00221135-00221303 could be from those little things that
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01033-00221304-00221487 you do and really starting to realize
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01034-00221488-00221758 that um it's then maybe thinking about
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01035-00221759-00221927 some of those bigger issues that really
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01036-00221928-00222127 drive meaning for you and that could be
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01037-00222128-00222294 something you've had experience of like
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01038-00222296-00222503 maybe you're you're really concerned
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01039-00222504-00222679 about uh disabled people and their
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01040-00222680-00222831 families because you've had a disabled
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01041-00222832-00223015 person in your family or you really know
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01042-00223016-00223134 about climate change and you're really
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01043-00223135-00223303 concerned about it so
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01044-00223304-00223527 focusing on those topics but the point
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01045-00223528-00223719 is to really get beneath the topics to
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01046-00223719-00223910 remember that this is about if you're
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01047-00223911-00224082 human then
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01048-00224083-00224375 you're being purpose driven is is about
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01049-00224376-00224606 helping you know everyone so getting out
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01050-00224607-00224775 to that broader level if you possibly
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01051-00224776-00224982 can um but i think it's about taking
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01052-00224983-00225134 that time i'd say the first the
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01053-00225135-00225351 beginning steps are taking the time to
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01054-00225352-00225631 really think about what purpose means
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01055-00225632-00225806 for you and what that feeling is and
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01056-00225807-00225991 what it does for your life noticing it
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01057-00225992-00226103 where it's
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01058-00226104-00226351 not sometimes even apparent for example
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01059-00226352-00226663 like you you're doing some work um
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01060-00226664-00226831 you might not realize that you you're
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01061-00226832-00226975 doing something meaningful so try and
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01062-00226976-00227215 unpick how you might be doing it
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01063-00227216-00227439 great that's that's brilliant thank you
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01064-00227440-00227694 yes and we all recognize that warm glow
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01065-00227696-00227894 it's when everyone can hear the webinar
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01066-00227896-00228103 right the way through
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01067-00228104-00228398 great okay so so ben um another question
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01068-00228400-00228615 that we had and um
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01069-00228616-00228798 which was a nice one which was what are
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01070-00228800-00229015 some of your favorite purpose statements
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01071-00229016-00229215 and why did they resonate with you and
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01072-00229216-00229423 and this is just you personally i asked
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01073-00229423-00229806 you to consider some that you found and
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01074-00229807-00229967 we always want to give practical
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01075-00229967-00230182 examples to people so i thought it would
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01076-00230183-00230327 i thought it was a good question so
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01077-00230328-00230494 you've got a few that you could draw on
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01078-00230496-00230663 yeah a few i mean i'd still always like
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01079-00230664-00230863 to see a lot more but i think and i
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01080-00230864-00230991 think there's a whole
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01081-00230992-00231231 clutch of what i call values-led
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01082-00231232-00231391 businesses who've got some fantastic
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01083-00231392-00231631 purposes like um
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01084-00231632-00231782 seventh generation which is around
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01085-00231783-00231942 transforming the world into a healthy
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01086-00231944-00232127 sustainable and excellent place for the
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01087-00232128-00232334 next seven generations and they make
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01088-00232335-00232487 home care and personal care products
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01089-00232488-00232655 they're a us-based company they've
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01090-00232656-00232879 actually been acquired by unilever but
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01091-00232880-00233039 also we're starting to see some of the
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01092-00233040-00233327 the big companies um big multinationals
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01093-00233328-00233534 shifting towards sustainable purposes
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01094-00233535-00233879 like danone and dsm so dsm
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01095-00233880-00234031 have a purpose which is creating
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01096-00234032-00234223 brighter lives for all so they're
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01097-00234223-00234334 interesting their roots are in the
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01098-00234335-00234510 mining industry but in our science-based
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01099-00234511-00234775 company looking to deliver solutions to
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01100-00234776-00235031 health nutrition climate change resource
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01101-00235032-00235327 scarcity energy needs and using their
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01102-00235328-00235575 site so i think there's some interesting
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01103-00235576-00235758 purposes there that i've yeah caught my
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01104-00235759-00235927 eye great lovely thank you for those
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01105-00235928-00236046 examples
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01106-00236048-00236255 um and by all means if there's anyone on
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01107-00236256-00236439 the webinar that want to to throw in
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01108-00236440-00236671 some examples that we can give to others
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01109-00236671-00236919 for inspiration then please do
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01110-00236919-00237110 um victoria
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01111-00237111-00237246 we've had a question come in on the
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01112-00237248-00237431 webinar just now and i believe this was
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01113-00237432-00237558 an area that you covered in your
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01114-00237559-00237758 research as well so i'd like to put this
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01115-00237759-00237927 one to you if i may
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01116-00237928-00238246 um it's around targets so the question
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01117-00238248-00238455 that we've had is how do we find
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01118-00238456-00238719 tangible concrete targets in the domain
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01119-00238719-00238919 of purposeful leadership that can
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01120-00238919-00239239 overlay traditional metrics
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01121-00239240-00239455 and actually that that aligns with a
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01122-00239456-00239663 question that we also had in advance
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01123-00239664-00239839 which is around
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01124-00239840-00240046 examples that you might have reward
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01125-00240048-00240279 strategies that shift the focus from
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01126-00240280-00240510 short-term to longer-term performance
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01127-00240511-00240727 results so be interested to get your
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01128-00240728-00240967 your thoughts on on those two related
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01129-00240967-00241071 questions
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01130-00241071-00241327 absolutely and like ben said before it's
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01131-00241328-00241623 purpose is not some fluffy nice you know
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01132-00241623-00241775 thing that sits there it's got to be
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01133-00241776-00241991 made tangible you need to have targets
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01134-00241992-00242215 around it even if some of those targets
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01135-00242216-00242503 are more difficult than traditionally um
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01136-00242504-00242710 and yes i think that you know that the
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01137-00242711-00243030 the question around say particularly um
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01138-00243031-00243267 targets that might uh interact with
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01139-00243267-00243494 incentives is a really interesting
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01140-00243496-00243767 question so in the research that we did
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01141-00243767-00244046 um uh one organization was a large
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01142-00244048-00244327 education provider that was that was
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01143-00244328-00244510 more than one that was a large education
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01144-00244511-00244839 provider um and they had um centers that
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01145-00244840-00245023 people would come in off the streets and
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01146-00245023-00245279 then connect online and uh
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01147-00245280-00245542 engage in some online learning um and
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01148-00245544-00245734 previous to that and for a long period
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01149-00245735-00245975 of time the people who ran those centers
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01150-00245976-00246206 were incentivized on how many people
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01151-00246207-00246367 came through the door
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01152-00246367-00246615 paid up and logged on to the system um
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01153-00246616-00246767 and that's you know i'm sure people will
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01154-00246767-00246942 realize that's a common sort of way of
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01155-00246944-00247215 incentivizing people in an organization
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01156-00247216-00247398 they then went through a very profound
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01157-00247400-00247615 purpose journey where they wanted to
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01158-00247616-00247887 focus absolutely on the well-being of
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01159-00247888-00248103 those people that they serve of those
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01160-00248104-00248382 learners so it was very much about how
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01161-00248383-00248591 can we improve their lives and so that
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01162-00248592-00248775 made them change their incentive
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01163-00248776-00248951 structure for the people who worked in
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01164-00248952-00249182 those centers to be around
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01165-00249183-00249455 what was the learning that was gained by
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01166-00249456-00249694 the people that came into the centers
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01167-00249696-00249910 and that totally shifted any everything
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01168-00249911-00250110 it transformed the productivity the
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01169-00250111-00250391 morale um as well as of course
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01170-00250392-00250591 delivering on the purpose and uh
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01171-00250592-00250791 bringing better results to the lens so
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01172-00250792-00250967 that's a i think
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01173-00250967-00251158 one example
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01174-00251159-00251319 brilliant thank you
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01175-00251319-00251582 um and any other sort of comments on
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01176-00251583-00251791 tangible concrete targets and how you
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01177-00251792-00251863 over
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01178-00251864-00252303 overlay those on traditional metrics
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01179-00252304-00252446 oh sorry me
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01180-00252448-00252663 um well there's a lot of work being done
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01181-00252664-00252863 in that area i mean obviously we we
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01182-00252864-00253167 already have lots of progress around um
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01183-00253167-00253367 so there's a difference between
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01184-00253367-00253591 organizational specific targets and i
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01185-00253592-00253798 know some organizations might for
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01186-00253800-00253942 example when they're going on a purpose
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01187-00253944-00254127 journey they might have their
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01188-00254128-00254342 traditional targets and then bring in
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01189-00254344-00254567 almost in parallel purpose-driven
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01190-00254567-00254815 targets and then live with that tension
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01191-00254816-00254982 and use that tension to work out where
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01192-00254983-00255191 the issues in the organization's
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01193-00255192-00255415 you know where that is so that's one
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01194-00255416-00255758 approach um there um there's an and i'd
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01195-00255759-00255967 say in the realm of saying you know what
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01196-00255967-00256223 are the the sort of targets that might
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01197-00256223-00256430 be shared across organizations so we can
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01198-00256431-00256615 start to benchmark performance in this
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01199-00256616-00256815 area i think that's a really emerging
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01200-00256816-00257006 area at the moment and i think we should
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01201-00257007-00257215 expect to see a lot of a lot coming out
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01202-00257216-00257391 of that that draws on all of the great
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01203-00257392-00257575 work around sustainability targets
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01204-00257576-00257846 sustainable development goals sdgs um
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01205-00257848-00258110 and brings that together so um i think
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01206-00258111-00258279 yeah it's it's an emerging and
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01207-00258280-00258423 interesting area
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01208-00258423-00258646 super and and perhaps um relate well
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01209-00258648-00258815 definitely related to that actually
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01210-00258816-00258967 another question that we've had come
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01211-00258967-00259151 through the webinar is
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01212-00259152-00259239 um
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01213-00259240-00259406 how it related to the b corp
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01214-00259407-00259567 accreditation so obviously that's
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01215-00259567-00259719 something that's emerged over recent
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01216-00259719-00259806 years
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01217-00259807-00260023 so so ben your thoughts on that question
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01218-00260023-00260175 how effective do you think b corp
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01219-00260176-00260391 accreditation is in achieving the
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01220-00260392-00260567 aspirations that we've talked about
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01221-00260567-00260775 today yeah i think in a couple of ways
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01222-00260776-00260951 so one of the significant things that b
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01223-00260952-00261151 corp does is it requires
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01224-00261152-00261391 a profit beyond uh sorry purpose beyond
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01225-00261392-00261558 profit to be part of the articles of the
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01226-00261559-00261830 business which is a significant step and
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01227-00261831-00261998 there's a lot of a bit expiration in
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01228-00262000-00262142 corporate governance code at the moment
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01229-00262144-00262295 and there's even a movement that all
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01230-00262296-00262463 listed companies should have a statement
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01231-00262464-00262623 of purpose so that's the first thing
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01232-00262624-00262895 does it ensures it in law with b core
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01233-00262896-00263015 the second thing is that i think they've
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01234-00263016-00263223 got fantastic criteria which help a
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01235-00263224-00263487 business really think through robustly
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01236-00263488-00263695 how it's adding value to society and
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01237-00263696-00263879 beyond so it's a great framework for
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01238-00263880-00264143 businesses to do that i think where it's
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01239-00264144-00264230 um
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01240-00264231-00264479 typically been adopted by more smaller
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01241-00264480-00264679 values-led start-up businesses but it's
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01242-00264680-00264879 definitely going increasingly mainstream
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01243-00264880-00265182 so famously danone have all credited to
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01244-00265183-00265319 european business and is looking
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01245-00265320-00265527 elsewhere and i know there are other big
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01246-00265528-00265767 multinationals that are looking at the
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01247-00265768-00265999 criteria to help them think through
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01248-00266000-00266095 um
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01249-00266096-00266255 how they can be same in the future so i
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01250-00266256-00266351 think it's
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01251-00266352-00266495 it's definitely part of the movement
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01252-00266496-00266695 it's very powerful they've also done a
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01253-00266696-00266855 really interesting piece of work at the
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01254-00266856-00267063 moment helping organizations respond to
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01255-00267064-00267191 the climate crisis and they have what
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01256-00267192-00267351 they call a playbook that's further work
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01257-00267352-00267510 they've been doing but i think it's one
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01258-00267511-00267647 of a number of tools it's not the only
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01259-00267648-00267767 way there are other there are other
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01260-00267768-00267943 frameworks out there not least the
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01261-00267944-00268110 sustainable development goals but also
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01262-00268111-00268263 future fit business framework there are
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01263-00268264-00268471 other tools to help businesses think
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01264-00268472-00268606 through how they can be resilient and
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01265-00268607-00268855 relevant in the future yeah super great
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01266-00268856-00269103 thank you for that so i want to to move
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01267-00269104-00269263 on to a question that actually is a
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01268-00269264-00269495 common theme that we often
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01269-00269496-00269751 um sort of come up this idea of you know
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01270-00269752-00269982 how how do you lead from wherever you
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01271-00269983-00270167 are in the organization
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01272-00270168-00270399 um and so the the question that we
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01273-00270400-00270630 specifically had was um someone on the
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01274-00270631-00270839 webinar just announced how can the cogs
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01275-00270840-00271071 in a bigger machine eg more junior
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01276-00271072-00271391 employees drive change and purpose
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01277-00271392-00271463 so
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01278-00271464-00271655 interest in your thoughts on that yeah
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01279-00271656-00271839 it's a really good question i think
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01280-00271840-00272023 if you're in one of those big you know
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01281-00272024-00272215 companies that are in that sort of
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01282-00272216-00272351 treated like a machine run like a
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01283-00272352-00272519 machine it's important to be realistic
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01284-00272520-00272727 about about that having said that i
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01285-00272728-00272910 think is what can really help is be
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01286-00272911-00273087 really clear about where your boundaries
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01287-00273088-00273263 of control and influence lie and often
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01288-00273264-00273447 people can underestimate their boundary
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01289-00273448-00273639 of inference in particular so of course
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01290-00273640-00273743 there are lots of things you can be
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01291-00273744-00273910 doing within you know say with your team
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01292-00273911-00274158 with your direct reports um for example
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01293-00274159-00274375 triodos bank they have meetings at the
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01294-00274376-00274558 beginning of every day to think about
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01295-00274559-00274799 how our actions today going to
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01296-00274800-00274943 activate purpose well if you hadn't got
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01297-00274944-00275071 a purpose you could still ask that
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01298-00275072-00275239 question you could say for example we
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01299-00275240-00275423 use the sustainable development goals
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01300-00275424-00275630 and say how can we contribute to the
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01301-00275631-00275743 sustainable development goals for
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01302-00275744-00275887 example
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01303-00275888-00276055 and i think the other thing is using
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01304-00276056-00276247 questions is really powerful of those
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01305-00276248-00276382 around you both
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01306-00276383-00276630 with peers with senior managers and a
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01307-00276631-00276799 lot of the businesses i work with one of
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01308-00276800-00276967 the main reasons they're looking at this
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01309-00276968-00277319 is to attract and motivate talent so
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01310-00277320-00277479 and one of the really interesting
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01311-00277480-00277679 insights from the edelman recent
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01312-00277680-00277943 research um was that
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01313-00277944-00278134 people actually trust their employer it
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01314-00278135-00278327 has one of the highest ratings of trust
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01315-00278328-00278439 so there's a really important
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01316-00278440-00278615 relationship there so i think it's so
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01317-00278616-00278758 people shouldn't underestimate the
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01318-00278759-00278943 influence they can have
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01319-00278944-00279151 brilliant no thank you for that and
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01320-00279152-00279319 actually victor i want to give you an
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01321-00279320-00279582 opportunity to jump in so a slightly
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01322-00279583-00279719 different question that we got in
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01323-00279720-00279934 advance the webinar was
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01324-00279935-00280143 uh do you have thoughts on how you can
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01325-00280144-00280367 begin to identify purpose and meaning at
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01326-00280368-00280727 an individual level
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01327-00280728-00280830 um
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01328-00280831-00281071 yeah um i think that's yeah quite
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01329-00281072-00281351 similar um i'd say my response to that
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01330-00281352-00281527 would be similar to what i i mentioned
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01331-00281528-00281719 just before so probably
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01332-00281720-00282030 you know really trying to focus in on
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01333-00282031-00282327 your um on your personal what what
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01334-00282328-00282455 matters to you
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01335-00282456-00282527 not
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01336-00282528-00282799 just so that you can then change jobs
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01337-00282800-00282879 and
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01338-00282880-00283055 try and make your organization fit that
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01339-00283056-00283206 but so that you can really try and
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01340-00283207-00283399 understand what
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01341-00283400-00283615 how you are as a meaningful human being
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01342-00283616-00283887 and what it feels like to do to to to
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01343-00283888-00284087 produce meaning and then be able to
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01344-00284088-00284319 think through the work that you do on a
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01345-00284320-00284543 daily basis and the meaningful impacts
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01346-00284544-00284727 that it's having that you might not have
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01347-00284728-00284958 noticed yet and if you can think about
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01348-00284959-00285063 those
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01349-00285064-00285215 whilst you're doing that work you're
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01350-00285216-00285351 going to be more motivated with what
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01351-00285352-00285495 you're doing and you're going to be more
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01352-00285496-00285734 attuned to your individual drive for
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01353-00285735-00285847 purpose
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01354-00285848-00286030 great thank you
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01355-00286031-00286158 now there's an expression that we've
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01356-00286159-00286367 managed to avoid so far on this uh
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01357-00286368-00286582 webinar but it's um kind of snuck in
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01358-00286583-00286743 through the questions which is purpose
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01359-00286744-00286839 wash
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01360-00286840-00287095 and one of the questions that we had was
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01361-00287096-00287263 is there a risk
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01362-00287264-00287527 that purpose is the new green wash and
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01363-00287528-00287775 actually uh another question that we had
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01364-00287776-00288023 which is related and then i'll get ben's
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01365-00288024-00288223 thoughts on this first is
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01366-00288224-00288527 um is there a danger that's a purple
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01367-00288528-00288767 school leadership is is a transient
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01368-00288768-00289087 fashion so so ben is is this a fad and
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01369-00289088-00289263 how do we avoid purpose wash there you
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01370-00289264-00289479 go i've said it yeah yeah
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01371-00289480-00289591 so for those aren't familiar with the
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01372-00289592-00289799 idea that in the same way that you had
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01373-00289800-00289958 green washes this idea that government
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01374-00289959-00290134 is making great environmental or
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01375-00290135-00290343 sustainability claims without backing
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01376-00290344-00290575 them up the same can be true of purpose
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01377-00290576-00290710 i mean i think there's a huge risk of
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01378-00290711-00290830 that and that's one of the reasons i
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01379-00290831-00290999 think i'm really passionate about
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01380-00291000-00291175 integrating purpose with sustainability
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01381-00291176-00291351 because i think it's one of two ways in
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01382-00291352-00291534 which you you avoid that risk so the
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01383-00291535-00291767 first is by not diluting these concepts
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01384-00291768-00291975 and thinking robustly about how the
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01385-00291976-00292206 business can provide real value to
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01386-00292207-00292415 society within the environmental limits
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01387-00292416-00292575 into the future and if you're doing that
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01388-00292576-00292767 and your products and services are
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01389-00292768-00292943 delivering that that's going to be
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01390-00292944-00293151 incredible i think the second piece is
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01391-00293152-00293287 around really enjoying that it's
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01392-00293288-00293430 embedded well in the business you know
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01393-00293431-00293623 really integrated decisions at all
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01394-00293624-00293934 levels um and and that as as victoria
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01395-00293935-00294127 said is a long and deliberate journey
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01396-00294128-00294415 for an organization to go on um and as
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01397-00294416-00294558 long as you're not over claiming along
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01398-00294559-00294710 the way then i think there's huge
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01399-00294711-00294919 potential in the per in the movement if
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01400-00294920-00295047 you like to
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01401-00295048-00295215 create businesses that are generally
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01402-00295216-00295382 delivering that that that sort of
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01403-00295383-00295487 outcomes
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01404-00295488-00295639 and we know they have to engage in
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01405-00295640-00295806 systems around them so they will come up
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01406-00295807-00295991 against powerful external you know
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01407-00295992-00296254 dynamics that might limit it so i think
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01408-00296255-00296423 there's a huge potential for the
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01409-00296424-00296591 positives but there is also potential
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01410-00296592-00296743 for getting this really wrong if we
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01411-00296744-00296919 don't anchor it into business and
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01412-00296920-00297143 sustainability yeah absolutely and what
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01413-00297144-00297399 i'd say is revisit this webinar because
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01414-00297400-00297719 there is an awful lot of great advice
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01415-00297720-00297887 and guidance in here to actually make
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01416-00297888-00298134 sure that we're not getting into uh the
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01417-00298135-00298375 new types of green wash um victoria we
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01418-00298376-00298503 just want to give you an opportunity to
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01419-00298504-00298687 come in and comment
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01420-00298688-00298903 um if you have if you want to if not
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01421-00298904-00299158 i'll go on some other questions um yeah
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01422-00299159-00299343 just to underline i mean you know that's
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01423-00299344-00299463 one of the reasons why we wanted to
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01424-00299464-00299630 really pin down that definition because
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01425-00299631-00299815 once we're clear what it is then
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01426-00299816-00300039 organizations can be held to account for
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01427-00300040-00300223 it and i think that's really critical
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01428-00300224-00300406 but not everything about purpose will be
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01429-00300407-00300630 able to be held to account to a figure
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01430-00300631-00300871 on a spreadsheet and a percentage mark
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01431-00300872-00301206 so it really is is an art and it's going
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01432-00301207-00301399 to require all stakeholders to hold
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01433-00301400-00301582 organizations to account
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01434-00301583-00301751 um ultimately some of that will end up
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01435-00301752-00301934 in legislation and regulation and we
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01436-00301935-00302110 certainly need change there but that
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01437-00302111-00302303 will never drive the deep culture change
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01438-00302304-00302551 we need so it's really about everyone
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01439-00302552-00302727 being part of saying no this is too
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01440-00302728-00302975 precious as a concept to let slip to be
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01441-00302976-00303127 another trend because honestly if we
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01442-00303128-00303367 don't grab purpose and implement it i
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01443-00303368-00303534 can't see anything else on horizon that
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01444-00303535-00303703 is going to be able to transform
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01445-00303704-00303895 business as we need to
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01446-00303896-00304263 there you go i think that's a mic drop
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01447-00304264-00304423 just ten minutes early
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01448-00304424-00304630 um okay so just carrying on through the
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01449-00304631-00304743 questions
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01450-00304744-00305127 so um we we had a question
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01451-00305128-00305430 um with regard to
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01452-00305431-00305654 whether the learnings
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01453-00305655-00305854 and the guidance in this weather webinar
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01454-00305855-00306134 only apply only to business
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01455-00306135-00306367 big business or
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01456-00306368-00306582 how they also apply to
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01457-00306583-00307030 smes ngos public sector so would welcome
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01458-00307031-00307271 a comment from from one or either of you
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01459-00307272-00307415 on that
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01460-00307416-00307623 i could kick off with something short if
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01461-00307624-00307791 only because this is something very very
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01462-00307792-00307919 passionate
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01463-00307920-00308110 because and one of the reasons we called
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01464-00308111-00308367 it organizational purpose is um is
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01465-00308368-00308575 because really this is a concept that
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01466-00308576-00308895 that spans all organizations um i i
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01467-00308896-00309143 personally don't understand um the
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01468-00309144-00309358 definite you know the difference between
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01469-00309359-00309534 profit and not-for-profit when you look
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01470-00309535-00309710 at it you have a system you know
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01471-00309711-00309919 resources go in business will happen and
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01472-00309920-00310079 things go out whether your money comes
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01473-00310080-00310295 from donors or from customers you know
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01474-00310296-00310543 the system is the same um so really this
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01475-00310544-00310791 concept is the same a lot of it's
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01476-00310792-00311015 borrowing and learning from maybe but
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01477-00311016-00311271 some of the social sectors beforehand
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01478-00311272-00311415 but that's not to say that because
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01479-00311416-00311599 you're in a social sector you're purpose
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01480-00311600-00311815 driven and i think one of the main
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01481-00311816-00312079 benefits of it coming into the uh what
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01482-00312080-00312254 would be traditionally the uh the
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01483-00312255-00312503 traditional for-profit uh place is that
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01484-00312504-00312703 there's cross-learning that can be done
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01485-00312704-00312854 around what do we really mean by this
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01486-00312855-00313054 and how do we really do deliver
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01487-00313055-00313271 well-being for the long term
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01488-00313272-00313534 great fantastic and i absolutely agree
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01489-00313535-00313719 that i just i think to add that i think
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01490-00313720-00313967 it's absolutely relevant that um because
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01491-00313968-00314191 ngos public sectors we know are under
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01492-00314192-00314415 huge strain huge changes they're facing
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01493-00314416-00314575 into all the same challenges that
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01494-00314576-00314806 business are but in the similar way that
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01495-00314807-00314943 for business it will look different
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01496-00314944-00315110 depending on how regulated it is how big
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01497-00315111-00315358 it is how dynamic the space is so what
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01498-00315359-00315510 was happening in tech is very different
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01499-00315511-00315679 to what's happening in the energy sector
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01500-00315680-00315815 in the similar way so i think that
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01501-00315816-00315975 absolutely is relevant and you need to
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01502-00315976-00316182 work but i think that whole idea of how
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01503-00316183-00316399 are you again resilient you know and
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01504-00316400-00316558 relevant in the future and then working
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01505-00316559-00316743 back from that to say what contribution
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01506-00316744-00316975 you're making is that just as essential
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01507-00316976-00317134 for whichever sect you're in yeah and of
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01508-00317135-00317295 course we're also seeing blurring
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01509-00317296-00317606 between the sectors right so actually we
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01510-00317607-00317775 don't have these hard lines anymore and
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01511-00317776-00317919 that's a good thing because we need to
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01512-00317920-00318110 be collaborating across silence to be
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01513-00318111-00318279 coming up with new solutions and this
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01514-00318280-00318406 was just picking up that point i think
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01515-00318407-00318567 we are an unusual point in history where
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01516-00318568-00318719 there is this astonishing alignment
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01517-00318720-00318887 between the sectors actually between
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01518-00318888-00319095 what government what ngos and even
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01519-00319096-00319287 businesses now i think we're probably at
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01520-00319288-00319439 a more aligned period of history
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01521-00319440-00319582 probably than we have done for some time
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01522-00319583-00319799 now yeah and civil society of course
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01523-00319800-00320119 yeah yeah yeah great okay um so we've
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01524-00320120-00320399 got a few minutes left and
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01525-00320400-00320495 um
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01526-00320496-00320830 a nice big juicy one for you here ben um
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01527-00320831-00321054 so is profitability still a marker of
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01528-00321055-00321287 success yeah good question
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01529-00321288-00321487 so this is obviously a key question
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01530-00321488-00321695 building on what victoria said um so
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01531-00321696-00321863 simon sinek a great thing in this area
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01532-00321864-00322047 talks about the analogy of fuel in a car
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01533-00322048-00322327 he said profit is like fuel without it
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01534-00322328-00322495 the car won't go anywhere but you don't
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01535-00322496-00322639 get in the car to drive to the petrol
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01536-00322640-00322791 station you know and i think that's a
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01537-00322792-00323030 great analogy the reality is that our
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01538-00323031-00323223 capital markets and external reporting
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01539-00323224-00323510 on financial reporting is set up to look
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01540-00323511-00323687 at purely financial
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01541-00323688-00323951 value the reality is it's not telling us
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01542-00323952-00324167 at the moment i think what other forms
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01543-00324168-00324334 of value creation are going on there so
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01544-00324335-00324454 it tells us
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01545-00324455-00324679 accompanies how much money it's made but
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01546-00324680-00324863 it doesn't tell you how it made it or
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01547-00324864-00325079 its ability to make into the future and
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01548-00325080-00325358 i think as investors like through the um
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01549-00325359-00325551 increasingly waking up to both the risks
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01550-00325552-00325687 and increasing the opportunities of
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01551-00325688-00325863 businesses have really thought through
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01552-00325864-00326047 their resilience their value creation
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01553-00326048-00326279 model into the future and particularly
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01554-00326280-00326454 around this is tied into the whole area
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01555-00326455-00326687 of understanding intangible assets but
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01556-00326688-00326830 also understanding what natural and
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01557-00326831-00327039 social assets you're both drawing on and
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01558-00327040-00327151 at the moment that's not really
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01559-00327152-00327382 appearing on balance sheets at all
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01560-00327383-00327558 and so so i think that yes it's
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01561-00327559-00327734 important part of success but increasing
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01562-00327735-00327991 what purpose helps us to do is unpack
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01563-00327992-00328143 how that's linked to other forms of
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01564-00328144-00328375 value creation that are needed to
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01565-00328376-00328647 support the profit and profit creation
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01566-00328648-00328847 as well brilliant fantastic tell that's
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01567-00328848-00328982 one that you think feel very
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01568-00328983-00329158 passionately about victoria i'm going to
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01569-00329159-00329367 hand over to you for the the final
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01570-00329368-00329487 question i i know that you've got
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01571-00329488-00329671 something you want to add here uh which
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01572-00329672-00329871 will just leave me a couple of minutes
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01573-00329872-00330047 to wrap up and and
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01574-00330048-00330415 say what's coming next so so victoria um
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01575-00330416-00330582 just just a question for you in terms of
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01576-00330583-00330806 that we had in advance was
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01577-00330807-00330975 do we make a decision to become a
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01578-00330976-00331230 purposeful leader or is there a maturity
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01579-00331231-00331423 process that one goes through and if so
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01580-00331424-00331710 please can i have it
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01581-00331711-00331863 any thoughts on that victoria just to
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01582-00331864-00332071 sort of finish off the the questions
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01583-00332072-00332527 here
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01584-00332528-00332710 and we can't hear you so you might still
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01585-00332711-00333678 be on mute
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01586-00333679-00333830 victoria we're not we're not hearing you
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01587-00333831-00334215 here but maybe some other people are
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01588-00334216-00334495 uh zoe okay i lost sound i'm back again
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01589-00334496-00334734 now yeah it's fantastic welcome back
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01590-00334735-00334951 okay so the question uh could you just
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01591-00334952-00335230 remind me sure yeah so sort of fine
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01592-00335231-00335447 final point on this so
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01593-00335448-00335623 um we had a question do you make a
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01594-00335624-00336015 decision to become a purposeful leader
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01595-00336016-00336334 okay yeah interesting point um yeah i i
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01596-00336335-00336647 think uh yes i would say you do um
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01597-00336648-00336958 because it is a it's a a skill to be
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01598-00336959-00337119 able to lead
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01599-00337120-00337303 purposefully to know yourself well
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01600-00337304-00337463 enough to be a purposeful leader and to
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01601-00337464-00337671 lead others and to understand how you're
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01602-00337672-00337806 operating
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01603-00337807-00338063 in context so i think you do need to
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01604-00338064-00338327 decide and learn and and go on that
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01605-00338328-00338606 journey absolutely um and i think the
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01606-00338607-00338951 point at which do you decide that
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01607-00338952-00339054 is probably
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01608-00339055-00339254 a shift from when you're thinking about
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01609-00339255-00339551 how do i optimize the meaning i feel in
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01610-00339552-00339719 the work i do which i talked about
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01611-00339720-00340006 earlier um and and how can i
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01612-00340007-00340215 feel more meaningfully about my work to
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01613-00340216-00340575 saying how can we actually optimize
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01614-00340576-00340878 the outcomes for others so not just how
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01615-00340879-00341127 can i connect with what i do for others
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01616-00341128-00341463 but how can i expand that so that i can
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01617-00341464-00341743 impact the well-being and that long-term
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01618-00341744-00342039 well-being for all meta frame what can i
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01619-00342040-00342287 do how can i change my organization how
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01620-00342288-00342471 can i change myself and how can i work
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01621-00342472-00342758 with others to deliver that um to the
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01622-00342759-00342982 maximum uh in the period of time that
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01623-00342983-00343143 i've got with the skills that i have and
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01624-00343144-00343454 i think that is the real shifting point
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01625-00343455-00343703 brilliant thank you well thank you i
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01626-00343704-00343919 think that's a super point on which to
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01627-00343920-00344015 end
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01628-00344016-00344423 so i would um firstly just like to flag
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01629-00344424-00344751 that our next webinar in this series
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01630-00344752-00344982 is on the 7th of october and we're
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01631-00344983-00345167 looking at leadership development in the
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01632-00345168-00345382 21st century and then we're going to
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01633-00345383-00345567 squeeze one more in
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01634-00345568-00345823 um before the end of the year so so stay
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01635-00345824-00346071 with us on this leadership webinar
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01636-00346072-00346206 series
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01637-00346207-00346382 but before we finish first of all i'd
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01638-00346383-00346558 like to thank everyone who's joined us
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01639-00346559-00346751 on the webinar for being with us today
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01640-00346752-00346999 we know that you're joining us from many
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01641-00347000-00347263 parts of the world and many of you are
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01642-00347264-00347487 not existing within our network before
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01643-00347488-00347606 so welcome
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01644-00347607-00347927 secondly i'd like to thank um ben ben
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01645-00347928-00348095 kellogg thank you very much for joining
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01646-00348096-00348367 me and also victoria hearth thank you
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01647-00348368-00348671 very much enjoy for joining me too
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01648-00348672-00348943 this webinar has been recorded and will
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01649-00348944-00349151 be available on our website along with
+1ABzrV-Hnwg-01650-00349152-00349552 all our webinars in the series
+1AHZxUMbaNg-00001-00013640-00015587 [Applause]
+1AHZxUMbaNg-00002-00015588-00016262 [Applause]
+1AHZxUMbaNg-00003-00016263-00017577 [Applause]
+1AHZxUMbaNg-00004-00017578-00019350 [Applause]
+1AHZxUMbaNg-00006-00023460-00024592 [Applause]
+1AHZxUMbaNg-00007-00024593-00024953 [Applause]
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00000-00000021-00001710 [Music]
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00001-00001711-00001926 okay
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00002-00001927-00002350 thick milf garnet
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00003-00002351-00002510 oh [__]
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00004-00002511-00002851 who's this
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00005-00002852-00003126 [Music]
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00006-00003127-00003415 okay hey look i just want you to know
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00007-00003415-00003575 your [__] third eye is throwing
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00008-00003576-00003751 everybody off and that's why you still
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00009-00003752-00004159 can't get a date
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00010-00004160-00004615 i'd be insulted if it weren't true
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00011-00004616-00004799 you hit me right now hit me in my
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00012-00004800-00005063 [__] chest i want to get shot do it
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00013-00005064-00005311 now you [__] cowardly tell me
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00014-00005312-00005502 that's a weird teacher but sure i'll do
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00015-00005503-00005622 it
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00016-00005623-00006569 who are you
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00017-00006570-00006998 [Music]
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00018-00007000-00007214 i don't feel very comfortable with that
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00019-00007215-00007439 but i appreciate the offer it has a cat
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00020-00007440-00007559 in it
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00021-00007559-00007767 what do you why do you have that [__]
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00022-00007768-00008142 oh you don't care anymore
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00023-00008143-00008399 oh andy hi
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00024-00008400-00008671 oh damn lesbians
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00025-00008672-00008878 uh uh hi hi
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00026-00008879-00009103 um i'm just gonna go [__] look at
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00027-00009104-00009319 sport i guess
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00028-00009320-00009774 uh you're there you talking about that
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00029-00009775-00009871 dad
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00030-00009872-00010095 okay so you're gay thing whatever um
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00031-00010096-00010303 just we need your help please help us
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00032-00010304-00010455 because bosh is a [__] [__] and
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00033-00010456-00010719 she's the captain
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00034-00010720-00011014 look i'm a lesbian uh please i'm a
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00035-00011015-00011574 bisexual
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00036-00011575-00011870 maybe if you give me a dollar i give you
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00037-00011871-00012078 twenty dollars
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00038-00012079-00012199 right now
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00039-00012200-00012391 all right then
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00040-00012392-00012519 i'm convinced
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00041-00012520-00014071 i lost my eyes please
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00042-00014072-00014375 must i tell you these rules once again
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00043-00014376-00014511 first off
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00044-00014512-00014766 no stretchable elves
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00045-00014768-00015111 i feel fat i want to lose weight go away
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00046-00015112-00015311 he's an hour damn it sister it's always
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00047-00015312-00015591 been like this you'll never let me speak
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00048-00015591-00015783 at the rules of these
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00049-00015784-00015903 magics
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00050-00015904-00016166 eat this
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00051-00016168-00016311 water
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00052-00016312-00016391 no
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00053-00016392-00016686 i i'm living off water now bye
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00054-00016687-00016903 yeah no i'm not interested
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00055-00016904-00017103 rules are meant to be broken yes our
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00056-00017104-00017199 laws
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00057-00017200-00017447 and rules are meant to have some
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00058-00017448-00017863 fortitude
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00059-00017864-00018175 this house is very well structured
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00060-00018176-00018503 i must teach you this again must i
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00061-00018504-00018671 you look like a
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00062-00018672-00018894 [__] and i who's better than you and
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00063-00018895-00019255 everybody in these categories
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00064-00019256-00019399 don't even don't even worry about it
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00065-00019400-00019614 just sniff it all up it's cocaine don't
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00066-00019615-00019750 even worry about it
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00067-00019751-00019855 come on
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00068-00019856-00020127 drugs aren't my forte i thought i knew
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00069-00020128-00020311 you guys better but now i know that
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00070-00020312-00020855 you're not my friends anymore go to hell
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00071-00020856-00020991 [__]
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00072-00020992-00021103 come on
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00073-00021104-00021294 i know you want to go sniff out that
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00074-00021295-00021511 cocaine outside come on leave me alone
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00075-00021512-00021767 i'm studying i'm doing your taxes
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00076-00021768-00022143 no i'm doing quantum physics mom
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00077-00022144-00022367 but it's coke it's go you know what i'm
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00078-00022368-00023591 gonna touch i'm gonna
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00079-00023592-00023855 oh sorry i can't feel my flags
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00080-00023856-00024158 i can't feel
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00081-00024159-00025150 [Music]
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00082-00025151-00025350 hey look i saw what you did to the
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00083-00025351-00025535 [__] nerds why would you put them in
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00084-00025536-00025814 sports they don't know how i i
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00085-00025816-00025918 i don't know
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00086-00025919-00026183 i i just
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00087-00026183-00026431 they got weak bones dude
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00088-00026432-00026639 they
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00089-00026639-00026799 they just want to watch sports they
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00090-00026800-00027287 don't want to be in them
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00091-00027288-00027558 like only i i was in sports and i
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00092-00027560-00027774 [__] hated it
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00093-00027775-00028070 because look at how bad my makeup was
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00094-00028072-00028270 you can't see this flashback but my
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00095-00028272-00028511 makeup was horrible this is part of the
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00096-00028512-00028718 plan you're distracting me from paying
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00097-00028719-00028999 my taxes or are you studying quantum
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00098-00029000-00029351 physics
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00099-00029352-00029574 oh you ready to play is it i realize
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00100-00029575-00029783 your name is basha
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00101-00029783-00030135 not [__]
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00102-00030136-00030246 [__]
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00103-00030247-00030423 hey yo uh
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00104-00030424-00030711 it's almost done tactical nukes out in
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00105-00030712-00030935 the sports ball area i know y'all don't
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00106-00030936-00031239 like sports but like bro so someone's
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00107-00031239-00031462 gonna [__] die i'm gonna grab you
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00108-00031463-00031623 like a spider
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00109-00031624-00031870 seven goddamn please
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00110-00031872-00031999 how am i supposed to cheat with his
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00111-00032000-00032199 pants didn't know this is what happens
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00112-00032200-00032287 when
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00113-00032288-00032735 you study quantum physics
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00114-00032736-00032959 you get shield i
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00115-00032960-00033207 wanted to help you because
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00116-00033208-00033535 you seemed cool and i hate [__] who
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00117-00033536-00033743 take my hairpin what a very
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00118-00033744-00033943 disrespectful child i know i might be
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00119-00033944-00034327 illiterate
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00120-00034328-00034968 you're taking advantage of my empathy
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00121-00034969-00035079 [Music]
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00122-00035080-00035287 [__] leg
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00123-00035288-00035479 bro this is why i quit
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00124-00035480-00035662 i can help you [__] like me to help
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00125-00035663-00035839 you gone
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00126-00035840-00036071 oh no don't don't worry we'll take you
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00127-00036072-00036390 out lesbian energy cures it oh [__] hot
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00128-00036391-00036695 milfs in your area
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00129-00036696-00036862 would you guys like to hear about the
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00130-00036863-00037135 mesothelioma fitness program
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00131-00037136-00037279 yes i would
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00132-00037280-00037502 i'm here to play sports well
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00133-00037503-00037727 i got your [__] eyes you can get a
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00134-00037728-00037902 date
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00135-00037903-00038078 [__] losers
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00136-00038079-00040223 [Music]
+1CLYHc2LKA8-00137-00040224-00040431 you
+1CaTavvmFMk-00000-00000024-00001116 [Music]
+1CaTavvmFMk-00001-00001117-00001270 thank you
+1CaTavvmFMk-00003-00005636-00005806 thank you
+1CaTavvmFMk-00004-00005807-00007020 [Music]
+1CaTavvmFMk-00005-00007022-00007276 thank you foreign
+1CaTavvmFMk-00007-00011725-00011894 thank you
+1CaTavvmFMk-00008-00011895-00014557 [Music]
+1CaTavvmFMk-00009-00014558-00014697 thank you
+1CaTavvmFMk-00011-00018284-00018574 thank you
+1CaTavvmFMk-00013-00023786-00024226 thank you
+1CaTavvmFMk-00014-00024227-00025956 [Music]
+1CaTavvmFMk-00015-00025957-00026435 thank you
+1CaTavvmFMk-00016-00026436-00026842 foreign
+1DGFnMqGlXA-00000-00012624-00014763 awesome
+1DGFnMqGlXA-00001-00014765-00015101 stealthy shopper
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00000-00000050-00000316 monaco listened french pronunciation
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00001-00000317-00000542 NACO officially the principality of
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00002-00000543-00000827 monaco french principality de Monaco is
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00003-00000827-00001028 a sovereign city-state country and
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00004-00001029-00001216 microstate on the French Riviera in
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00005-00001217-00001462 Western Europe France borders the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00006-00001463-00001630 country on three sides while the other
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00007-00001632-00001855 side borders the Mediterranean Sea
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00008-00001855-00002143 Monaco is also located close to Italy
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00009-00002144-00002476 although it has no direct border Monaco
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00010-00002477-00002717 has an area of two point zero two zero
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00011-00002718-00003071 square kilometres 0.78 zero square miles
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00012-00003072-00003286 making it the second smallest country in
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00013-00003288-00003506 the world after the Vatican its
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00014-00003507-00003683 population was about thirty-eight
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00015-00003684-00003869 thousand four hundred based on the last
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00016-00003870-00004231 census of 2016 with 19 thousand nine
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00017-00004232-00004451 inhabitants per square kilometre it is
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00018-00004452-00004645 the most densely populated sovereign
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00019-00004646-00004922 state in the world Monaco has a land
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00020-00004923-00005093 border of five point four seven
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00021-00005094-00005443 kilometres 3.40 miles a coastline of
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00022-00005444-00005647 three point eight three kilometers two
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00023-00005648-00005852 point three eight miles and a width that
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00024-00005853-00006421 varies between 1700 and 349 metres 1859
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00025-00006422-00006814 and 382 yards the highest point in the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00026-00006815-00007034 country is a narrow pathway named chemin
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00027-00007034-00007231 de rêve wores on the slopes of Monteagle
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00028-00007233-00007544 in the les revoir sward which is 161
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00029-00007545-00007873 metres 528 feet above sea level
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00030-00007873-00008167 Monaco's most populous courtier is Monte
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00031-00008168-00008360 Carlo and the most populous Ward as
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00032-00008361-00008624 larvae da bomb Mullins through land
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00033-00008625-00008855 reclamation Monaco's landmass has
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00034-00008856-00009214 expanded by 20% in 2005 it had an area
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00035-00009215-00009460 of only one point nine seven four square
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00036-00009461-00009928 kilometers 0.76 to square miles Monaco
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00037-00009929-00010085 is known as a playground for the rich
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00038-00010086-00010474 and famous due to its tax laws in 2014
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00039-00010475-00010699 it was noted about 30% of the population
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00040-00010700-00010967 was made up of millionaires Monaco is a
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00041-00010968-00011171 Principality governed under a form of
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00042-00011172-00011371 constitutional monarchy with Prince
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00043-00011372-00011545 Albert ii as head of state
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00044-00011546-00011792 although prince albert ii as a
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00045-00011793-00012008 constitutional monarch he wields immense
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00046-00012009-00012251 political power the house of Grimaldi
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00047-00012252-00012445 have ruled Monaco with brief
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00048-00012446-00012533 interruptions
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00049-00012534-00012847 since 1297 the official language is
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00050-00012848-00013072 French but Monegasque Italian and
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00051-00013073-00013366 English are widely spoken and understood
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00052-00013368-00013544 the state sovereignty was officially
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00053-00013544-00013738 recognized by the Franco Monegasque
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00054-00013740-00014044 Treaty of 1861 with Monaco becoming a
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00055-00014045-00014253 full United Nations voting member in
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00056-00014254-00014374 1993
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00057-00014375-00014627 despite Monaco's independence and
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00058-00014628-00014846 separate foreign policy its defense as
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00059-00014847-00015022 the responsibility of France
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00060-00015022-00015316 however Monaco does maintain two small
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00061-00015318-00015664 military units economic development was
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00062-00015665-00015878 spurred in the late 19th century with
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00063-00015879-00016030 the opening of the country's first
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00064-00016031-00016255 casino monte carlo and a railway
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00065-00016256-00016561 connection to paris since then Monaco's
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00066-00016562-00016766 mild climate scenery and gambling
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00067-00016767-00016943 facilities have contributed to the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00068-00016944-00017134 Principality status as a tourist
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00069-00017135-00017344 destination and recreation center for
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00070-00017345-00017650 the rich in more recent years Monaco has
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00071-00017651-00017852 become a major banking center and has
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00072-00017853-00018061 sought to diversify its economy into the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00073-00018062-00018239 services sector and small high
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00074-00018240-00018542 value-added non polluting industries the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00075-00018543-00018749 state has no income tax low business
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00076-00018750-00018977 taxes and is well known for being a tax
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00077-00018978-00019234 haven it is also the host of the annual
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00078-00019235-00019486 Street circuit motor race Monaco Grand
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00079-00019487-00019687 Prix one of the original Grand Prix of
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00080-00019688-00020003 Formula One the Principality has a club
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00081-00020004-00020243 football team as Monaco who have become
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00082-00020244-00020518 French champions on multiple occasions
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00083-00020519-00020765 Monaco is not formally a part of the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00084-00020766-00021047 European Union EU but it participates in
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00085-00021048-00021283 certain EU policies including customs
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00086-00021284-00021505 and border controls through its
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00087-00021506-00021746 relationship with France Monaco uses the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00088-00021747-00021950 euro as its sole currency prior to this
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00089-00021951-00022231 it used the Monegasque franc Monaco
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00090-00022232-00022493 joined the Council of Europe in 2004 it
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00091-00022494-00022687 is a member of the organisation
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00092-00022688-00023464 Internationale de la Francophonie oh I F
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00093-00023465-00023965 topic history
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00094-00023966-00024235 Monaco's name comes from the nearby 6th
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00095-00024236-00024471 century BC fo C and Greek colony
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00096-00024472-00024709 referred to by the Ligurian z-- as mono
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00097-00024710-00025066 echoes from the Greek mono eCos single
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00098-00025067-00025537 house from manos manos a lone single
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00099-00025538-00025993 plus boy Coase boy Coase house which
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00100-00025994-00026149 bears the sense of a people either
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00101-00026150-00026473 settled in a single habitation or of
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00102-00026474-00026808 living apart from others according to an
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00103-00026810-00027001 ancient myth hercules passed through the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00104-00027002-00027189 Monico area and turned away the previous
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00105-00027191-00027481 gods as a result a temple was
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00106-00027482-00027645 constructed there the temple of hercules
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00107-00027647-00027964 mono echoes because the only temple of
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00108-00027964-00028282 this area was the house of hercules the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00109-00028283-00028552 city was called mono eCos it ended up in
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00110-00028552-00028764 the hands of the holy roman empire which
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00111-00028766-00029050 gave it to the Genoese an ousted branch
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00112-00029051-00029251 of a Genoese family the Grimaldi
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00113-00029252-00029439 contested it for a hundred years before
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00114-00029441-00029695 actually gaining control though the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00115-00029695-00029889 Republic of Genoa would last until the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00116-00029891-00030112 19th century they allowed the Grimaldi
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00117-00030113-00030358 family to keep Monaco and likewise both
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00118-00030358-00030538 France and Spain left it alone for
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00119-00030539-00030795 hundreds of years France did not end
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00120-00030797-00030979 exit until the French Revolution but
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00121-00030980-00031180 after the defeat of Napoleon it was put
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00122-00031181-00031312 under the care of the kingdom of
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00123-00031313-00031602 Sardinia in the 19th century when
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00124-00031604-00031801 sardinia became a part of italy the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00125-00031802-00032017 region came under French influence again
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00126-00032018-00032158 but France allowed it to remain
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00127-00032158-00032443 independent like France Monaco was
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00128-00032444-00032650 overrun by the Axis powers during the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00129-00032651-00032839 Second World War and for a short time
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00130-00032840-00033043 was administered by Italy then the third
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00131-00033044-00033244 reich before finally being liberated
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00132-00033245-00033517 although the occupation lasted for just
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00133-00033518-00033736 a short time it meant the deportation of
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00134-00033737-00033952 the Jewish population and execution of
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00135-00033953-00034161 several resistance members from Monica
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00136-00034162-00034447 since then Monaco has been independent
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00137-00034448-00034642 it has taken some steps towards
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00138-00034643-00035265 integration with the European Union
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00139-00035266-00035870 topic a rival of the Grimaldi family
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00140-00035871-00036108 following a land grant from Emperor
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00141-00036109-00036376 Henry the sixth in 1191 Monica was
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00142-00036377-00036686 refounded in 1215 as a colony of genoa
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00143-00036687-00036942 Monaco was first ruled by a member of
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00144-00036943-00037198 the house of Grimaldi in 1297 when
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00145-00037199-00037539 Francesco Grimaldi known as ill militia
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00146-00037540-00037818 translated from Italian either as the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00147-00037819-00038185 malicious one or the cunning one and his
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00148-00038186-00038386 men captured the fortress protecting the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00149-00038387-00038548 rock of Monaco while dressed as
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00150-00038549-00038833 Franciscan monks a Monaco in Italian
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00151-00038834-00039007 although this is a coincidence as the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00152-00039008-00039239 area was already known by this name
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00153-00039240-00039526 Francesco however was evicted only a few
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00154-00039527-00039742 years afterwards by the Genoese forces
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00155-00039743-00040039 and the struggle over the rock continued
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00156-00040040-00040233 for another century the Grimaldi family
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00157-00040234-00040432 was Genoese and the struggle was
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00158-00040433-00040579 something of a family feud
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00159-00040580-00040861 however the Genoese became engaged in
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00160-00040862-00041076 other conflicts and in the late 1300s
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00161-00041077-00041326 genoa became involved in a conflict with
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00162-00041327-00041592 the crown of Aragon over Corsica the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00163-00041593-00041826 crown of Aragon eventually became a part
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00164-00041827-00042018 of Spain through marriage see modern-day
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00165-00042019-00042211 Aragon and other parts drifted into
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00166-00042212-00042399 various pieces of other kingdoms and
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00167-00042400-00042924 nations
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00168-00042925-00043567 topic 1400 to 1800
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00169-00043568-00043887 in 1419 the Grimaldi family purchased
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00170-00043888-00044083 Monaco from the crown of Aragon and
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00171-00044084-00044257 became the official and undisputed
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00172-00044258-00044662 rulers of the rock of Monica in 1612 on
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00173-00044663-00044926 a raid two began to style himself Prince
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00174-00044927-00045301 of Monaco in the 1630s he sought French
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00175-00045302-00045505 protection against the Spanish forces
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00176-00045506-00045796 and in 1642 was received at the court of
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00177-00045797-00046174 Louis xiii duck at Pere etranger the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00178-00046175-00046414 princes of Monaco thus became vassals of
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00179-00046415-00046567 the French Kings while at the same time
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00180-00046568-00046831 remaining sovereign princes though
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00181-00046832-00047017 successive princes and their families
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00182-00047018-00047218 spent most of their lives in Paris and
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00183-00047219-00047401 intermarried with French and Italian
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00184-00047402-00047587 nobilities the house of Grimaldi is
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00185-00047588-00047884 Italian the Principality continued its
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00186-00047885-00048070 existence as a protectorate of France
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00187-00048071-00048345 until the French Revolution in 1793
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00188-00048346-00048621 revolutionary forces captured Monaco and
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00189-00048622-00048811 it remained under direct French control
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00190-00048812-00049045 until 1814 when the Grimaldi family
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00191-00049046-00049660 returned to the throne
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00192-00049661-00050198 topic nineteenth century
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00193-00050199-00050596 between 1793 and 1814 Monaco was
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00194-00050597-00050810 occupied by the French in this period
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00195-00050811-00050984 much of Europe had been overrun by the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00196-00050985-00051269 French under command of Napoleon the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00197-00051270-00051569 Principality was re-established in 1814
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00198-00051570-00051782 only to be designated a protectorate of
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00199-00051783-00051970 the kingdom of Sardinia by the Congress
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00200-00051971-00052313 of Vienna in 1815 Monaco remained in
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00201-00052314-00052559 this position until 1860 when by the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00202-00052560-00052780 Treaty of Turin the Sardinian forces
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00203-00052782-00052957 pulled out of the Principality in the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00204-00052958-00053150 surrounding county of nice as well as
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00205-00053151-00053476 Savoy was ceded to France Monaco became
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00206-00053477-00053699 a French protectorate once again before
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00207-00053700-00053917 this time there was unrest in Menten and
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00208-00053919-00054094 Rica Bern where the townspeople had
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00209-00054095-00054290 become weary of heavy taxation by the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00210-00054291-00054529 Grimaldi family they declared their
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00211-00054530-00054746 independence hoping for annexation by
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00212-00054747-00055034 Sardinia France protested the unrest
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00213-00055035-00055235 continued until Charles the third gave
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00214-00055236-00055426 up his claim to the two main land towns
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00215-00055427-00055726 some 95% of the Principality at the time
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00216-00055727-00055891 that had been ruled by the Grimaldi
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00217-00055892-00056078 family for over 500 years
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00218-00056079-00056357 these were ceded to France in return for
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00219-00056358-00056551 four million one hundred thousand francs
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00220-00056552-00056842 the transfer and Monaco sovereignty were
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00221-00056844-00057035 recognized by the Franco Monegasque
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00222-00057036-00057524 Treaty of 1861 in 1869 the Principality
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00223-00057525-00057719 stopped collecting income tax from its
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00224-00057720-00057955 residents an indulgence the Grimaldi
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00225-00057957-00058144 family could afford to entertain thanks
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00226-00058145-00058340 solely to the extraordinary success of
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00227-00058341-00058630 the casino this made Monaco not only a
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00228-00058632-00058823 playground for the rich but a favoured
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00229-00058824-00059402 place for them to live
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00230-00059403-00059944 topic 20th century
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00231-00059945-00060220 until the Monegasque Revolution of 1910
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00232-00060221-00060447 forced the adoption of the 1911
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00233-00060448-00060685 Constitution the princes of Monaco were
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00234-00060686-00060979 absolute rulers the new constitution
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00235-00060979-00061198 however barely reduced the autocratic
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00236-00061199-00061390 rule of the Grimaldi family and Prince
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00237-00061391-00061579 Albert the first soon suspended it
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00238-00061579-00061954 during the first world war in July 1918
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00239-00061954-00062149 the Franco Monegasque treaty was signed
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00240-00062150-00062391 providing for limited French protection
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00241-00062392-00062766 over Monaco the treaty endorsed in 1919
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00242-00062767-00062974 by the Treaty of Versailles established
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00243-00062975-00063184 that Monegasque international policy
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00244-00063185-00063358 would be aligned with French political
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00245-00063359-00063567 military and economic interests and
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00246-00063569-00063891 resolved the monaco succession crisis in
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00247-00063891-00064204 1943 the italian army invaded and
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00248-00064204-00064420 occupied monaco forming a fascist
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00249-00064421-00064641 administration shortly thereafter
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00250-00064642-00064866 following the collapse of Mussolini the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00251-00064867-00065113 German Wehrmacht occupied Monaco and the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00252-00065114-00065280 Nazi deportation of the Jewish
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00253-00065282-00065623 population began Rene Blum the prominent
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00254-00065624-00065812 French Jew who founded the ballet de
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00255-00065813-00066034 l'opéra in Monte Carlo was arrested in
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00256-00066035-00066204 his Paris home and held in the Drancy
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00257-00066205-00066415 deportation camp outside the French
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00258-00066416-00066628 capital before being transported to the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00259-00066629-00066832 Auschwitz concentration camp where he
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00260-00066833-00067108 was later killed blooms colleague Raoul
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00261-00067109-00067315 günzburg the director of the Oprah de
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00262-00067316-00067486 monte-carlo helped by the French
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00263-00067487-00067705 Resistance escaped arrest and fled to
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00264-00067706-00068065 Switzerland in August 1944 the Germans
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00265-00068066-00068335 executed Rene borghini Josef von real is
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00266-00068336-00068503 you and Esther poggio who were
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00267-00068504-00068845 resistance leaders Rainier 3 who ruled
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00268-00068846-00069070 until 2005 succeeded to the throne
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00269-00069071-00069247 following the death of his grandfather
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00270-00069248-00069694 Prince Louis ii in 1949 on the 19th of
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00271-00069695-00069994 april 1956 Prince Rainier married the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00272-00069995-00070216 American actress Grace Kelly the event
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00273-00070217-00070423 was widely televised and covered in the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00274-00070424-00070618 popular press focusing the world's
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00275-00070619-00070825 attention on the tiny principality a
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00276-00070826-00071107 1962 amendment to the Constitution
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00277-00071108-00071317 abolished capital punishment provided
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00278-00071318-00071500 for women's suffrage and established a
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00279-00071501-00071689 Supreme Court of Monaco to guarantee
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00280-00071690-00072112 fundamental liberties in 1963 a crisis
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00281-00072113-00072262 developed when Charles de Gaulle
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00282-00072263-00072499 blockaded Monaco angered by its status
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00283-00072500-00072763 as a tax haven for wealthy French the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00284-00072764-00073054 2014 film Grace of Monaco is loosely
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00285-00073055-00073333 based on this crisis in 1993
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00286-00073334-00073525 the Principality of Monaco became a
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00287-00073526-00073723 member of the United Nations with full
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00288-00073724-00074279 voting rights
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00289-00074280-00074847 topic 21st century
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00290-00074848-00075180 in 2002 a new treaty between france and
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00291-00075181-00075393 monaco specified that should there be no
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00292-00075394-00075591 errors to carry on the Grimaldi dynasty
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00293-00075592-00075786 the Principality would still remain an
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00294-00075787-00075981 independent nation rather than revert to
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00295-00075982-00076311 France Monaco's military defense however
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00296-00076312-00076548 is still the responsibility of France on
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00297-00076549-00076917 the 31st of March 2005 Rainier 3 who was
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00298-00076918-00077082 too old to exercise his duties
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00299-00077083-00077250 relinquished them to his only son and
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00300-00077251-00077565 heir Albert he died six days later after
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00301-00077566-00077799 a reign of 56 years with his son
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00302-00077800-00078033 succeeding him as albert ii sovereign
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00303-00078034-00078336 prince of monaco following a period of
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00304-00078337-00078564 official mourning prince albert ii
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00305-00078565-00078762 formally assumed the princely crown on
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00306-00078763-00079050 the 12th of july 2005 in a celebration
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00307-00079051-00079239 that began with a solemn Mass at st.
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00308-00079240-00079455 Nicholas Cathedral where his father had
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00309-00079456-00079692 been buried three months earlier his
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00310-00079693-00079893 accession to the Monegasque throne was a
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00311-00079894-00080070 two-step event with a further ceremony
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00312-00080071-00080304 drawing heads of state for an elaborate
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00313-00080305-00080523 reception held on the 18th of November
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00314-00080524-00080823 2005 at the historic princes Palace in
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00315-00080824-00081111 Monaco Ville on the 27th of August 2015
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00316-00081112-00081417 albert ii apologized for Monaco's role
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00317-00081418-00081648 during world war ii in facilitating the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00318-00081649-00081891 deportation of a total of 90 jews and
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00319-00081892-00082071 resistance fighters of whom only nine
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00320-00082072-00082326 survived we committed the irreparable in
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00321-00082327-00082473 handing over to the neighbouring
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00322-00082474-00082707 authorities women men and a child who
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00323-00082708-00082935 had taken refuge with us to escape the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00324-00082936-00083225 persecutions they had suffered in France
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00325-00083226-00083484 Albert said at a ceremony in which a
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00326-00083485-00083673 monument to the victims was unveiled at
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00327-00083674-00083931 the Monaco cemetery in distress they
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00328-00083932-00084150 came specifically to take shelter with
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00329-00084151-00084360 us thinking they would find neutrality
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00330-00084361-00084771 in 2015 Monaco unanimously approved a
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00331-00084772-00084969 modest land reclamation expansion
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00332-00084970-00085176 intended primarily for some desperately
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00333-00085177-00085377 needed housing in a small Green Park
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00334-00085378-00085698 area Monaco had previously considered an
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00335-00085699-00086034 expansion in 2008 but called it off the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00336-00086035-00086229 plan is for about six hectares of
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00337-00086230-00086457 apartment buildings parks shops and
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00338-00086458-00086685 offices for about 1 billion euros for
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00339-00086686-00086898 the land the development will be
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00340-00086899-00087078 adjacent to the larvae dough district
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00341-00087079-00087255 and also will include a small marina
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00342-00087256-00087531 there were four main proposals and the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00343-00087532-00087738 final mix of use will be finalised as
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00344-00087739-00088014 the development progresses the name for
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00345-00088015-00088319 the new district has aunts du port here
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00346-00088320-00088671 you
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00347-00088672-00089168 topic government
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00348-00089169-00089369 monaco has been governed under a
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00349-00089370-00089660 constitutional monarchy since 1911 with
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00350-00089661-00089840 the sovereign Prince of Monaco as head
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00351-00089841-00090143 of state the executive branch consists
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00352-00090144-00090299 of a Minister of State as the head of
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00353-00090300-00090453 government who presides over a
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00354-00090454-00090734 five-member Council of government until
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00355-00090735-00091007 2002 the Minister of State was a French
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00356-00091008-00091187 citizen appointed by the prince from
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00357-00091188-00091385 among candidates proposed by the French
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00358-00091386-00091562 government since a constitutional
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00359-00091563-00091815 amendment in 2002 the minister of state
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00360-00091816-00092097 can be French or Monegasque however
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00361-00092098-00092303 Prince Albert the second appointed on
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00362-00092304-00092540 the 3rd of March 2010 the Frenchman
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00363-00092541-00092765 Michel Roger as Minister of State under
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00364-00092766-00093056 the 1962 Constitution the Prince shares
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00365-00093057-00093218 his veto power with the unicameral
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00366-00093219-00093548 National Council the 24 members of the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00367-00093549-00093722 National Council are elected for
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00368-00093723-00093962 five-year terms 16 are chosen through a
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00369-00093963-00094154 majority electoral system and eight by
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00370-00094155-00094394 proportional representation all
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00371-00094395-00094631 legislation requires the approval of the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00372-00094632-00094811 National Council which is currently
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00373-00094812-00095012 dominated by the conservative rally in
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00374-00095013-00095240 issues for Monaco REM party which holds
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00375-00095241-00095561 20 seats Union Monegasque holds three
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00376-00095562-00095759 seats while Renaissance holds one seat
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00377-00095760-00096002 the Principality city affairs are
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00378-00096003-00096197 directed by the communal council which
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00379-00096198-00096434 consists of 14 elected members and is
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00380-00096435-00096698 presided over by a mayor unlike the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00381-00096699-00096887 National Council councillors are elected
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00382-00096888-00097100 for four-year terms and are strictly
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00383-00097101-00097349 nonpartisan however opposition's inside
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00384-00097350-00097973 the council frequently form
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00385-00097974-00098549 topic administrative divisions
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00386-00098550-00098819 Monaco is the second smallest country by
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00387-00098820-00099050 area in the world only Vatican City is
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00388-00099051-00099332 smaller Monaco is also the world's
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00389-00099333-00099551 second smallest monarchy and as the most
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00390-00099552-00099745 densely populated country in the world
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00391-00099746-00099977 the state consists of only one
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00392-00099978-00100250 municipality commune the municipality of
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00393-00100251-00100483 Monaco there is no geographical
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00394-00100484-00100703 distinction between the state and city
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00395-00100704-00100793 of Monaco
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00396-00100794-00100955 although responsibilities of the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00397-00100956-00101114 government state level and of the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00398-00101115-00101341 municipality city level are different
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00399-00101342-00101612 according to the constitution of 1911
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00400-00101613-00101858 the Principality was subdivided into
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00401-00101859-00102221 three municipalities Monaco vill the old
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00402-00102222-00102455 city on a rocky promontory extending
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00403-00102456-00102638 into the Mediterranean known as the rock
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00404-00102639-00103076 of Monaco or simply the rock monte carlo
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00405-00103077-00103285 the principal residential and resort
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00406-00103286-00103510 area with the monte carlo casino in the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00407-00103511-00103651 east in northeast
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00408-00103652-00103922 Lokhande mean the southwestern section
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00409-00103923-00104126 including the port area port hercules
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00410-00104127-00104330 the municipalities were merged into one
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00411-00104331-00104627 in 1917 after accusations that the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00412-00104628-00104777 government was acting according to the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00413-00104778-00105058 motto divide and conquer and they were
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00414-00105059-00105233 accorded the status of wards or
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00415-00105233-00105551 courtiers thereafter font VA was added
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00416-00105552-00105773 as a 4th Ward a newly constructed area
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00417-00105774-00106139 claimed from the sea in the 1970s mana
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00418-00106140-00106364 Getty became the fifth Ward created from
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00419-00106365-00106682 part of la Condamine lar vato became the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00420-00106683-00106904 sixth Ward created from part of Monte
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00421-00106905-00107228 Carlo Larousse st. Roman including
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00422-00107229-00107461 latina became the seventh Ward also
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00423-00107463-00107621 created from part of Monte Carlo
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00424-00107622-00107867 subsequently three additional wards were
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00425-00107868-00108218 created san michele created from part of
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00426-00108219-00108554 Monte Carlo like Kohl created from part
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00427-00108555-00108866 of la condamine les rev wores also
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00428-00108867-00109052 created from part of la Condamine an
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00429-00109053-00109253 additional award was planned by new land
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00430-00109254-00109439 reclamation to be settled beginning in
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00431-00109440-00109730 2014 but Prince Albert ii announced in
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00432-00109731-00109958 his 2009 New Year speech that he had
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00433-00109958-00110123 ended plans due to the current economic
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00434-00110124-00110211 climate
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00435-00110213-00110489 however Prince Albert the second in mid
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00436-00110490-00110818 201 au firmly restarted the program in
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00437-00110819-00111098 2015 a new development called on to do
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00438-00111099-00111369 poor deer was announced
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00439-00111370-00111667 you
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00440-00111668-00111973 topic traditional quarters and modern
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00441-00111974-00112402 geographic areas
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00442-00112403-00112666 the for traditional courtiers of Monaco
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00443-00112667-00112933 or Monaco vill la Condamine Monte Carlo
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00444-00112933-00113224 in font VA however the suburb of mana
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00445-00113225-00113407 Getty the high-level part of la
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00446-00113408-00113626 Condamine is generally seen today as an
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00447-00113627-00113806 effective fifth courtier of the Monaco
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00448-00113807-00114031 having a very distinct atmosphere and
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00449-00114032-00114202 topography when compared with low-level
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00450-00114203-00114738 akanda mean
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00451-00114739-00115200 topic wards
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00452-00115201-00115482 currently Monaco is subdivided into ten
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00453-00115483-00115658 wards with their official numbers either
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00454-00115659-00115896 font va2 or Laporte e'er would become
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00455-00115897-00116202 the effective 11th ward if built note
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00456-00116203-00116421 for statistical purposes the wards of
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00457-00116422-00116733 Monaco are further subdivided into 178
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00458-00116733-00116949 city blocks islands which are comparable
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00459-00116950-00117138 to the census blocks in the United
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00460-00117139-00117334 States
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00461-00117335-00117575 other possible expansions are Lepore
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00462-00117576-00117841 tear a project relaunched in 2012
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00463-00117842-00118103 another possibility was font VA to
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00464-00118104-00118709 development to commence in 2013
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00465-00118710-00119219 topic security
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00466-00119220-00119432 the wider defense of the nation is
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00467-00119433-00119734 provided by France Monaco has no Navy or
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00468-00119735-00119953 Air Force but on both a per capita and
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00469-00119954-00120184 per area basis Monaco has one of the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00470-00120185-00120478 largest police forces 515 police
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00471-00120479-00120743 officers for about 36,000 people and
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00472-00120744-00121027 police presences in the world its police
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00473-00121028-00121240 includes a special unit which operates
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00474-00121241-00121441 patrol and surveillance boats there is
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00475-00121442-00121708 also a small military force this
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00476-00121709-00121915 consists of a bodyguard unit for the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00477-00121916-00122104 prince and the palace in Monaco Vil
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00478-00122105-00122299 called the company de carabinier do
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00479-00122300-00122497 Prince princes company of carabinier
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00480-00122498-00122709 which is equipped with weapons such as
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00481-00122710-00122996 m16a2 rifles and nine millimetres
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00482-00122997-00123262 pistols Glock 17 and which together with
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00483-00123263-00123470 the militarized armed fire and civil
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00484-00123471-00123709 defence Corps sabers Pompey airs forms
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00485-00123710-00124031 Monaco's total public forces the company
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00486-00124032-00124252 de carabinier do prints was created by
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00487-00124253-00124532 Prince honoré the fourth in 1817 for the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00488-00124533-00124721 protection of the Principality in the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00489-00124722-00124982 princely family the company numbers
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00490-00124983-00125297 exactly 116 officers and men while the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00491-00125298-00125551 NCOs and soldiers are local the officers
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00492-00125552-00125728 have generally served in the French army
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00493-00125729-00125993 in addition to their guard duties as
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00494-00125994-00126190 described the carabinier patrolled the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00495-00126191-00126358 principality's beaches and coastal
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00496-00126359-00126923 waters
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00497-00126924-00127463 topic geography
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00498-00127464-00127721 Monaco is a sovereign city-state with
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00499-00127722-00127958 five courtiers and ten Ward's located on
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00500-00127958-00128185 the French Riviera in Western Europe it
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00501-00128186-00128386 is bordered by France's alpes-maritimes
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00502-00128388-00128648 de part Amman on three sides with one
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00503-00128649-00128930 side bordering the Mediterranean Sea its
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00504-00128931-00129200 center is about 16 kilometres nine point
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00505-00129201-00129428 nine miles from Italy and only 13
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00506-00129429-00129719 kilometres 8.1 miles northeast of Nice
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00507-00129720-00130115 France it has an area of 2.02 square
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00508-00130116-00130510 kilometres 0.78 square miles or 202
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00509-00130511-00130867 hectares 500 acres and a population of
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00510-00130868-00131144 38,400 making Monaco the second smallest
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00511-00131145-00131369 and the most densely populated country
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00512-00131370-00131609 in the world the country has a land
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00513-00131610-00131810 border of only five point four seven
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00514-00131811-00132161 kilometres 3.40 miles a coastline of
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00515-00132162-00132371 three point eight three kilometers two
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00516-00132372-00132614 point three eight miles a maritime claim
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00518-00136956-00137228 the largest lake approximately 0.5
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00519-00137229-00137528 hectares 5000 point zero zero square
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00520-00137529-00137780 metres one point to four acres fifty
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00521-00137781-00137951 three thousand eight hundred nineteen
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00522-00137952-00138208 point five five square feet in area
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00523-00138209-00138518 Monaco's most populated Cordier is monte
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00524-00138519-00138728 carlo and the most populated Ward as
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00525-00138729-00138938 larvae damu lands after a recent
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00526-00138939-00139169 expansion of port Hercules Monaco's
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00527-00139170-00139451 total area grew to 2.0 two square
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00528-00139452-00139850 kilometers 0.78 square miles or 202
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00529-00139851-00140129 hectares 500 acres consequently new
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00530-00140130-00140315 plans have been approved to extend the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00531-00140316-00140600 district of font VA by 0.08 square
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00532-00140601-00140843 kilometers 0.03
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00533-00140844-00141101 one square miles or eight hectares 20
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00534-00141102-00141278 acres with land reclaimed from the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00535-00141279-00141518 Mediterranean Sea current land
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00536-00141519-00141740 reclamation projects include extending
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00537-00141741-00141950 the district of font VA there are two
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00538-00141951-00142193 ports in Monaco port hercules in port
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00539-00142194-00142529 font VA Monaco's only natural resources
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00540-00142530-00142691 fishing with almost the entire country
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00541-00142692-00142853 being an urban area
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00542-00142854-00143045 Monaco lacks any sort of commercial
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00543-00143046-00143270 agriculture industry there is a
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00544-00143271-00143471 neighboring French port called cap del
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00545-00143472-00144062 that is near Monaco
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00546-00144063-00144570 topic architecture
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00547-00144571-00144808 Monaco exhibits a wide range of
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00548-00144809-00145006 architecture but the principality's
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00549-00145007-00145224 signature style particularly in Monte
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00550-00145225-00145483 Carlo is that of the Belle Epoque it
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00551-00145484-00145695 finds its most florid expression in the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00552-00145696-00145972 1878 2/9 casino and the Salle Garnier
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00553-00145973-00146209 created by Charles Garnier and Jules
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00554-00146210-00146494 Dutra decorative elements including
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00555-00146495-00146770 turrets balconies pinnacles multicolored
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00556-00146771-00146998 ceramics and caryatids and borrowed and
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00557-00146999-00147201 blended to create a picturesque fantasy
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00558-00147202-00147387 of pleasure and luxury and an alluring
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00559-00147388-00147583 expression of how Monaco sought and
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00560-00147584-00147856 still seeks to portray itself this
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00561-00147857-00148077 Capriccio of French Italian and Spanish
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00562-00148078-00148336 elements was incorporated into Hacienda
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00563-00148337-00148585 villas and apartments following major
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00564-00148586-00148866 development in the 1970s Prince Rainier
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00565-00148867-00149049 the third banned high-rise development
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00566-00149050-00149301 in the Principality however his
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00567-00149302-00149557 successor Prince Albert ii overturned
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00568-00149558-00149836 this sovereign order in recent years the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00569-00149837-00150027 accelerating demolition of Monaco's
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00570-00150028-00150232 architectural heritage including its
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00571-00150233-00150465 single-family villas has created dismay
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00572-00150466-00150721 the Principality currently has no
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00573-00150722-00151360 heritage protection legislation
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00574-00151361-00151827 topic climate
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00575-00151828-00152019 monaco has a hot-summer mediterranean
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00576-00152020-00152298 climate köppen climate classification
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00577-00152299-00152594 csa which is influenced by oceanic
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00578-00152595-00152815 climate and humid subtropical climate as
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00579-00152816-00153121 a result it has warm dry summers and
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00580-00153122-00153385 mild rainy winters cool and rainy
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00581-00153386-00153583 interludes can interrupt the dry summer
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00582-00153584-00153766 season the average length of which is
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00583-00153767-00154039 also shorter summer afternoons are
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00584-00154040-00154244 infrequently hot indeed temperatures
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00585-00154245-00154510 greater than 30 degrees Celsius or 86
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00586-00154511-00154702 degrees Fahrenheit are rare as the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00587-00154703-00154864 atmosphere is temperate because of
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00588-00154865-00155137 constant sea breezes on the other hand
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00589-00155138-00155318 the nights are very mild due to the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00590-00155319-00155491 fairly high temperature of the sea in
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00591-00155492-00155756 summer generally temperatures do not
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00592-00155757-00156079 drop below 20 degrees Celsius 68 degrees
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00593-00156080-00156325 Fahrenheit in this season in the winter
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00594-00156326-00156593 Frost's and snowfalls are extremely rare
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00595-00156594-00156806 and generally occur once or twice every
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00596-00156807-00157268 10 years On February 27 2018 both monaco
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00597-00157269-00157626 and monte carlo experienced snowfall
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00598-00157627-00157912 topic economy monaco has the world's
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00599-00157913-00158271 second highest gdp nominal per capita at
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00600-00158272-00158809 153,000 $177 GDP PPP per capita at one
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00601-00158810-00158998 hundred thirty two thousand five hundred
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00602-00158999-00159294 seventy one dollars in GNI per capita at
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00603-00159295-00159586 183 thousand one hundred fifty dollars
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00604-00159587-00159869 it also has an unemployment rate of two
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00605-00159870-00160087 percent with over 48 thousand workers
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00606-00160088-00160285 who commute from france and italy each
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00607-00160286-00160575 day according to the CIA World Factbook
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00608-00160576-00160844 Monaco has the world's lowest poverty
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00609-00160845-00160978 rate and the highest number of
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00610-00160979-00161179 millionaires and billionaires per capita
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00611-00161180-00161422 in the world for the fourth year in a
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00612-00161423-00161704 row Monaco in 2012 had the world's most
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00613-00161705-00161938 expensive real estate market at fifty
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00614-00161939-00162124 eight thousand three hundred dollars per
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00615-00162125-00162301 square meter one of Monaco's main
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00616-00162302-00162478 sources of income is tourism
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00617-00162479-00162743 each year many foreigners are attracted
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00618-00162744-00163003 to its casino and pleasant climate it
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00619-00163004-00163219 has also become a major banking center
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00620-00163220-00163471 holding over 100 billion euros worth of
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00621-00163472-00163781 funds banks in Monaco specialize in
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00622-00163782-00163987 providing private banking asset and
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00623-00163988-00164209 wealth management services the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00624-00164210-00164428 Principality has successfully sought to
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00625-00164429-00164623 diversify its economic base into
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00626-00164624-00164866 services and small high value-added non
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00627-00164867-00165095 polluting industries such as cosmetics
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00628-00165096-00165218 and biotherm --ax the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00629-00165219-00165403 state retains monopolies in numerous
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00630-00165404-00165632 sectors including tobacco in the postal
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00631-00165633-00165913 service the telephone network Monaco
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00632-00165914-00166106 Telecom used to be fully owned by the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00633-00166107-00166397 state it now owns only 45% while the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00634-00166398-00166694 remaining 55% is owned by both cable and
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00635-00166695-00167002 wireless communications 49% and company
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00636-00167003-00167318 Monegasque de Bank 6% it is still
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00637-00167319-00167602 however a monopoly living standards are
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00638-00167603-00167795 high roughly comparable to those in
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00639-00167796-00168008 prosperous French metropolitan areas
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00640-00168009-00168221 Monaco is not a member of the European
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00641-00168222-00168533 Union however it is very closely linked
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00642-00168534-00168731 via a customs union with France and as
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00643-00168732-00168940 such its currency is the same as that of
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00644-00168941-00169322 France the euro before 2002 Monaco
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00645-00169323-00169501 minted its own coins the Monegasque
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00646-00169502-00169786 franc Monaco has acquired the right to
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00647-00169787-00170009 mint euro coins with Monegasque designs
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00648-00170010-00170420 on its national side topic gambling
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00649-00170421-00170590 industry the plan for casino gambling
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00650-00170591-00170761 was drafted during the reign of
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00651-00170762-00171001 Florestan I in 1846
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00652-00171002-00171245 under louis philippe's petit bourgeois
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00653-00171246-00171509 regime however a dignitary such as the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00654-00171510-00171679 Prince of Monaco was not allowed to
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00655-00171680-00171925 operate a gambling house all this
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00656-00171926-00172111 changed in the dissolute second French
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00657-00172112-00172382 Empire under Napoleon the third the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00658-00172383-00172568 house of Grimaldi was in dire need of
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00659-00172569-00172816 money the towns of Menten and recoverin
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00660-00172817-00172966 which had been the main sources of
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00661-00172967-00173149 income for the Grimaldi family for
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00662-00173150-00173336 centuries were now accustomed to a much
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00663-00173337-00173543 improved standard of living and lenient
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00664-00173544-00173708 taxation thanks to Sardinian
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00665-00173709-00173924 intervention and clamored for financial
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00666-00173925-00174100 and political concession even for
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00667-00174101-00174379 separation the Grimaldi family hoped the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00668-00174380-00174538 newly legal industry would help
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00669-00174539-00174707 alleviate the difficulties they faced
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00670-00174708-00174911 above all the crushing debt the family
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00671-00174912-00175126 had incurred but Monaco's first casino
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00672-00175127-00175300 would not be ready to operate until
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00673-00175301-00175493 after Charles the 3rd assumed the throne
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00674-00175494-00175825 in 1856 the grantee of the princely
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00675-00175826-00176060 concession license was unable to attract
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00676-00176061-00176270 enough business to sustain the operation
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00677-00176271-00176491 and after relocating the casino several
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00678-00176492-00176686 times sold the concession to French
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00679-00176687-00176921 casino magnates Francois and Louis Blanc
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00680-00176922-00177265 for 1.7 million francs the Blanc's had
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00681-00177266-00177422 already set up a highly successful
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00682-00177423-00177688 casino in fact the largest in Europe in
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00683-00177689-00177896 Bad Homburg in the Grand Duchy of Hesse
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00684-00177897-00178126 Hamburg a small German principality
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00685-00178127-00178324 comparable to Monaco and quickly
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00686-00178325-00178510 petitioned Charles the 3rd to rename a
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00687-00178511-00178595 depressed
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00688-00178596-00178826 area known as les Ledger's den of
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00689-00178827-00179063 thieves to Monte Carlo mount Charles
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00690-00179064-00179261 they then constructed their casino in
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00691-00179262-00179465 the newly dubbed Monte Carlo and cleared
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00692-00179466-00179666 out the areas less than savory elements
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00693-00179667-00179819 to make the neighborhood surrounding the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00694-00179820-00180007 establishment more conducive to tourism
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00695-00180008-00180296 the Blanc's opened lagron Casino de
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00696-00180297-00180563 monte-carlo in 1858 and the casino
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00697-00180564-00180755 benefited from the tourist traffic the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00698-00180756-00180938 newly built French railway system
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00699-00180939-00181181 created due to the combination of the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00700-00181182-00181433 casino and the railroads Monaco finally
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00701-00181434-00181580 recovered from the previous half-century
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00702-00181581-00181844 of economic slump and the principality's
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00703-00181845-00182081 success attracted other businesses in
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00704-00182082-00182324 the years following the casinos opening
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00705-00182325-00182534 Monaco founded its oceanographic museum
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00706-00182535-00182753 and the Monte Carlo Opera House
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00707-00182754-00182978 46 hotels were built and the number of
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00708-00182979-00183188 jewelers operating in Monaco increased
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00709-00183189-00183470 by nearly fivefold in an apparent effort
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00710-00183471-00183704 to not overtax citizens it was decreed
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00711-00183705-00183872 that the Monegasque citizens were
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00712-00183873-00184022 prohibited from entering the casino
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00713-00184023-00184415 unless they were employees by 1869 the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00714-00184416-00184631 casino was making such a vast sum of
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00715-00184632-00184814 money that the Principality could afford
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00716-00184815-00184964 to end tax collection from the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00717-00184965-00185186 Monegasque s' a masterstroke that was to
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00718-00185187-00185354 attract affluent residents from all over
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00719-00185355-00185582 Europe in a policy that still exists
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00720-00185583-00185948 today today so siete de Baynes de Mer de
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00721-00185949-00186206 Monaco which owns lagron Casino still
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00722-00186207-00186392 operates in the original building that
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00723-00186393-00186566 the Blanc's constructed and has since
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00724-00186567-00186767 been joined by several other casinos
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00725-00186768-00186962 including the lake Casino Cafe de Paris
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00726-00186963-00187241 the Monte Carlo Sporting Club and Casino
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00727-00187242-00187499 and the Sun Casino the most recent
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00728-00187500-00187697 edition in Monte Carlo is the monte
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00729-00187698-00187916 carlo bay casino which sits on four
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00730-00187917-00188123 hectares of the mediterranean sea and
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00731-00188124-00188417 among other things offers 145 slot
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00732-00188418-00188606 machines all equipped with ticket in
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00733-00188607-00188795 ticket out Tito it is the first
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00734-00188796-00188975 Mediterranean casino to use this
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00735-00188976-00189529 technology
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00736-00189530-00190018 topic taxes
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00737-00190019-00190311 monaco has high social insurance taxes
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00738-00190312-00190522 payable by both employers and employees
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00739-00190523-00190812 the employers contributions are between
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00740-00190813-00191194 28% and 40% averaging 35 percent of
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00741-00191195-00191415 gross salary including benefits and
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00742-00191416-00191675 employees pay a further 10% to 14%
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00743-00191676-00192109 averaging 13% Monaco has never levied
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00744-00192110-00192346 income tax on individuals and foreigners
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00745-00192347-00192563 are thus able to use it as a tax haven
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00746-00192564-00192823 from their own countries taxes because
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00747-00192824-00193065 as an independent country Monaco is not
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00748-00193066-00193243 obligated to pay taxes to other
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00749-00193244-00193510 countries the absence of a personal
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00750-00193511-00193713 income tax in the Principality has
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00751-00193714-00193909 attracted to it a considerable number of
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00752-00193910-00194238 wealthy tax refugee residents from
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00753-00194239-00194410 European countries who derive the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00754-00194411-00194604 majority of their income from activity
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00755-00194605-00194811 outside Monaco celebrities such as
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00756-00194812-00195046 Formula One drivers attract most of the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00757-00195047-00195244 attention but the vast majority of them
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00758-00195245-00195493 are lesser known business people however
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00759-00195494-00195711 due to a bilateral treaty with France
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00760-00195712-00195943 French citizens are still required to
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00761-00195944-00196149 pay applicable income and wealth taxes
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00762-00196150-00196311 to the French state even if they are
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00763-00196312-00196539 resident in Monaco and the Principality
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00764-00196540-00196708 also actively discourages the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00765-00196709-00196897 registration of foreign corporations
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00766-00196898-00197194 charging a 33% corporation tax on
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00767-00197195-00197376 profits unless it can be shown that at
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00768-00197377-00197565 least three-quarters of the turnover has
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00769-00197566-00197845 been generated within its borders unlike
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00770-00197846-00198051 classic tax havens it does not offer
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00771-00198052-00198373 offshore financial services in 1998 the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00772-00198374-00198586 Centre for tax policy and administration
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00773-00198587-00198762 part of the Organisation for Economic
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00774-00198763-00199113 Cooperation and Development OECD issued
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00775-00199114-00199318 a first report on the consequences of
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00776-00199319-00199491 the financial systems of known tax
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00777-00199492-00199788 havens Monaco did not appear in the list
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00778-00199789-00200071 of these territories until 2004 when the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00779-00200072-00200299 OECD became indignant regarding the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00780-00200300-00200514 Monegasque situation and denounced it in
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00781-00200515-00200668 a report as well as Andorra
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00782-00200669-00200911 Liechtenstein Liberia and the Marshall
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00783-00200912-00201082 Islands underlining its lack of
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00784-00201083-00201252 cooperation regarding financial
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00785-00201253-00201491 information disclosure and availability
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00786-00201492-00201772 however Monaco went on to overcome the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00787-00201773-00201994 objections of the OECD and was thus
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00788-00201995-00202239 removed from its grey list of
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00789-00202240-00202587 uncooperative jurisdictions in 2009 it
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00790-00202588-00202783 went a step farther and secured a place
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00791-00202784-00203107 on it white list after signing 12
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00792-00203108-00203296 information exchange treaties with other
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00793-00203297-00203413 jurisdictions
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00794-00203414-00203674 in 2000 the Financial Action Task Force
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00795-00203675-00203947 on money laundering f ATF stated the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00796-00203948-00204193 anti-money laundering system in Monaco
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00797-00204194-00204319 is comprehensive
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00798-00204320-00204511 however difficulties have been
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00799-00204512-00204751 encountered with Monaco by countries in
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00800-00204752-00205006 international investigations on serious
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00801-00205007-00205215 crimes that appear to be linked also
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00802-00205216-00205587 with tax matters in addition the fiu of
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00803-00205588-00205948 Monaco si si si fi n suffers a great
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00804-00205948-00206230 lack of adequate resources the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00805-00206231-00206463 authorities of Monaco have stated that
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00806-00206464-00206598 they will provide additional resources
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00807-00206600-00207148 to si si si fi n also in 2000 a report
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00808-00207148-00207346 by the French parliamentarians Arnaud
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00809-00207346-00207559 Montebourg and Vincent Pei young stated
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00810-00207560-00207771 that Monaco had relaxed policies with
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00811-00207773-00207963 respect to money laundering including
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00812-00207964-00208110 within its casino and that the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00813-00208111-00208300 government of Monaco had been placing
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00814-00208301-00208494 political pressure on the judiciary
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00815-00208496-00208671 so that alleged crimes were not being
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00816-00208673-00208927 properly investigated in its progress
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00817-00208928-00209203 report of 2005 the International
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00818-00209204-00209484 Monetary Fund IMF identified Monaco
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00819-00209485-00209776 along with 36 other territories as a tax
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00820-00209777-00210001 haven but in its f8 TF report of the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00821-00210002-00210187 same year it took a positive view of
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00822-00210188-00210346 Monaco's measures against money
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00823-00210346-00210534 laundering the Council of Europe also
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00824-00210535-00210748 decided to issue reports naming tax
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00825-00210748-00211108 havens 22 territories including Monaco
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00826-00211109-00211378 were thus evaluated between 1998 and
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00827-00211379-00211554 2000 on the first round
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00828-00211555-00211798 Monaco was the only territory that
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00829-00211798-00211981 refused to perform the second round
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00830-00211982-00212292 between 2001 and 2003 whereas the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00831-00212294-00212488 twenty-one other territories had planned
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00832-00212489-00212662 implementing the third and final round
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00833-00212663-00213428 planned between 2005 and 2007
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00834-00213429-00213942 topic numismatics
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00835-00213944-00214207 of interest to numismatists in Monaco
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00836-00214208-00214483 the euro was introduced in 2002 having
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00837-00214484-00214728 been preceded by the Monegasque franc in
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00838-00214729-00214951 preparation for this date the mending of
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00839-00214952-00215152 the new euro coins started as early as
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00840-00215153-00215530 2001 like Belgium Finland France the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00841-00215531-00215779 Netherlands and Spain Monaco decided to
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00842-00215780-00216034 put the minting date on its coins this
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00843-00216035-00216250 is why the first euro coins from Monaco
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00844-00216251-00216487 have the year 2001 on them instead of
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00845-00216488-00216727 2002 like the other countries of the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00846-00216728-00216925 eurozone that decided to put the year of
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00847-00216926-00217209 first circulation 2002 on their coins
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00848-00217210-00217467 three different designs were selected
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00849-00217469-00217810 for the Monegasque coins however in 2006
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00850-00217811-00218002 the design was changed after the death
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00851-00218003-00218179 of ruling Prince Rainier to have the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00852-00218180-00218410 effigy of Prince Albert Monaco also
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00853-00218411-00218626 mints collectors coins with face value
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00854-00218627-00218962 ranging from 5 euros to 100 euros these
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00855-00218963-00219151 coins are a legacy of an old national
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00856-00219152-00219358 practice of minting silver and gold
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00857-00219359-00219658 commemorative coins unlike normal issues
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00858-00219659-00219867 these coins are not legal tender in all
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00859-00219869-00220105 the eurozone the same practice
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00860-00220106-00220276 concerning commemorative coins is
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00861-00220277-00220991 exercised by all eurozone countries
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00862-00220992-00221513 topic population
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00863-00221514-00221853 you
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00864-00221854-00222378 topic demographics
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00865-00222379-00222790 Monaco's total population was 38,400 in
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00866-00222791-00223173 2015 Monaco's population is unusual in
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00867-00223175-00223317 that the native montag asks are a
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00868-00223319-00223492 minority in their own country the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00869-00223492-00223690 largest group are french nationals at
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00870-00223691-00223888 twenty eight point four percent followed
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00871-00223889-00224329 by Monegasque 21.6% italian 18.7%
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00872-00224330-00224731 british 7.5 percent belgian 2.8 percent
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00873-00224732-00225157 german 2.5 percent swiss 2.5 percent in
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00874-00225158-00225358 u.s. nationals one point two percent
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00875-00225359-00225607 citizens of monaco whether born in the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00876-00225608-00225784 country are naturalized are called
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00877-00225785-00226057 Monegasque monaco has the world's
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00878-00226058-00226279 highest life expectancy at nearly 90
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00879-00226280-00226763 years
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00880-00226764-00227248 topic language
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00881-00227248-00227479 the official language of Monaco is
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00882-00227480-00227680 French while Italian is spoken by the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00883-00227681-00227896 principalities sizeable community from
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00884-00227896-00228207 Italy thus French and Italian supplants
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00885-00228208-00228423 Monegasque the vernacular language of
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00886-00228425-00228565 the Monegasque s' which is not
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00887-00228566-00228708 recognized as an official language
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00888-00228709-00228952 English is used by American British
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00889-00228953-00229308 Anglo Canadian and Irish residents the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00890-00229309-00229569 Grimaldi princes of Monaco have Ligurian
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00891-00229571-00229758 origin thus the traditional national
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00892-00229759-00229987 language as Monegasque a variety of
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00893-00229988-00230196 Ligurian now spoken by only a minority
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00894-00230198-00230409 of residents and as a common second
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00895-00230410-00230616 language by many native residents in
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00896-00230617-00230896 Monaco Ville street signs are printed in
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00897-00230896-00231514 both French and Monegasque
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00898-00231515-00231983 topic religion
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00899-00231984-00232301 you
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00900-00232302-00232817 topic Catholic Church
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00901-00232819-00233042 the official religion is the Catholic
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00902-00233044-00233226 Church with freedom of other religions
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00903-00233227-00233492 guaranteed by the Constitution there are
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00904-00233494-00233729 five Catholic parish churches in Monaco
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00905-00233730-00233909 and one Cathedral which is the seat of
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00906-00233910-00234073 the Archbishop of Monaco
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00907-00234075-00234369 the diocese which has existed since the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00908-00234369-00234576 mid 19th century was raised to a
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00909-00234577-00234869 non-metropolitan archbishopric in 1981
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00910-00234871-00235094 as the archdiocese of Monaco and remains
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00911-00235096-00235314 exempt ie immediately subject to the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00912-00235315-00235676 Holy See the patron saint is st. avodah
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00913-00235677-00236054 Christians comprise a total of 83.2% of
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00914-00236055-00236614 Monaco's population
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00915-00236615-00237104 topic protestantism
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00916-00237105-00237416 according to Monaco 2012 International
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00917-00237417-00237632 Religious Freedom report Protestants are
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00918-00237633-00237823 the second largest group after Roman
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00919-00237825-00238117 Catholics there are various Evangelical
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00920-00238119-00238280 Protestant communities that gather
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00921-00238281-00238514 periodically the report states that
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00922-00238515-00238658 there are two Protestant churches
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00923-00238659-00238889 including the local Anglican Church in a
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00924-00238890-00239429 Reformed Church
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00925-00239430-00239906 topic Anglicanism
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00926-00239907-00240138 there is one Anglican Church Street
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00927-00240139-00240398 Paul's Church located in the Avenue de
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00928-00240399-00240792 grande Britannia in Monte Carlo in 2007
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00929-00240792-00241062 this had a formal membership of 135
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00930-00241063-00241253 Anglicans resident in the Principality
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00931-00241254-00241464 but was also serving a considerably
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00932-00241465-00241670 larger number of Anglicans temporarily
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00933-00241671-00241967 in the country mostly as tourists the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00934-00241969-00242147 church site also accommodates an
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00935-00242148-00242394 english-language library of over 3,000
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00936-00242394-00242654 books the church is part of the Anglican
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00937-00242655-00243185 Diocese in Europe
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00938-00243186-00243714 topic Greek orthodoxy
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00939-00243715-00244019 Monaco's 2012 International Religious
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00940-00244021-00244212 Freedom report states that there is one
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00941-00244213-00244860 Greek Orthodox Church in Monica
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00942-00244861-00245329 topic Judaism
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00943-00245330-00245590 the Association culturelle israelite
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00944-00245591-00245908 demonaco founded in 1948 is a converted
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00945-00245909-00246127 house containing a synagogue a community
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00946-00246128-00246331 Hebrew school and a kosher food shop
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00947-00246332-00246634 located in Monte Carlo the community
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00948-00246635-00246856 mainly consists of retirees from Britain
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00949-00246857-00247183 40 percent in North Africa two-thirds of
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00950-00247184-00247375 the Jewish population is Sephardic
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00951-00247376-00247567 mainly from North Africa while the other
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00952-00247567-00248142 third is Ashkenazi
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00953-00248144-00248602 topic Islam
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00954-00248603-00248902 the Muslim population of Monaco consists
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00955-00248903-00249151 of about 280 people most of whom are
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00956-00249152-00249454 exclusively residents not citizens the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00957-00249455-00249661 majority of the Muslim population of
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00958-00249662-00249819 Monaco are Arabs though there are
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00959-00249821-00250038 smaller Turkish minorities as well
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00960-00250039-00250248 Monaco does not have any official
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00961-00250250-00250483 mosques there is a Muslim mosque in
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00962-00250484-00250702 nearby Beausoleil France with an easy
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00963-00250703-00251371 walking distance of Monaco
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00964-00251371-00251876 topic sports
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00965-00251877-00252214 you
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00966-00252215-00252707 topic formula 1
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00967-00252708-00253066 since 1929 the Monaco Grand Prix has
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00968-00253067-00253224 been held annually in the streets of
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00969-00253225-00253519 Monaco it is widely considered to be one
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00970-00253519-00253731 of the most prestigious automobile races
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00971-00253732-00253996 in the world the erection of the Circuit
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00972-00253996-00254169 de Monaco takes six weeks to complete
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00973-00254171-00254373 and the removal after the race takes
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00974-00254375-00254623 another three weeks the circuit is
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00975-00254623-00254812 incredibly narrow and tight and it's
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00976-00254813-00255021 tunnel tight corners and many elevation
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00977-00255023-00255187 changes make it perhaps the most
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00978-00255188-00255456 demanding Formula one track driver
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00979-00255457-00255657 Nelson Piquet compared driving the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00980-00255658-00255916 circuit to riding a bicycle around your
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00981-00255917-00256254 living room despite the challenging
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00982-00256255-00256431 nature of the course it has only had one
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00983-00256432-00256687 fatality Lorenzo Bandini who crashed
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00984-00256688-00256884 burned and died three days later from
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00985-00256885-00257221 his injuries in 1967 two other drivers
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00986-00257221-00257433 had lucky escapes after they crashed
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00987-00257434-00257628 into the harbour the most famous being
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00988-00257629-00257962 Alberto Ascari in the 1955 Monaco Grand
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00989-00257963-00258238 Prix and Paul Hawkins during the 1965
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00990-00258239-00258765 Race
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00991-00258766-00259294 topic monte carlo rally
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00992-00259294-00259621 since 1911 part of the monte carlo rally
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00993-00259623-00259787 has been held in the Principality
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00994-00259788-00260017 originally held at the behest of Prince
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00995-00260019-00260216 Albert the first like the Grand Prix the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00996-00260217-00260411 rally is organized by Automobile Club
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00997-00260412-00260732 Demonica it has long been considered to
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00998-00260733-00260864 be one of the toughest and most
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-00999-00260865-00261071 prestigious events in rallying and from
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01000-00261071-00261413 1973 to 2008 was the opening round of
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01001-00261414-00261761 the World Rally Championship WRC from
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01002-00261762-00262082 2009 until 2011 the rally served as the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01003-00262083-00262259 opening round of the Intercontinental
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01004-00262260-00262517 Rally challenge the rally returned to
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01005-00262518-00262802 the WRC calendar in 2012 and has been
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01006-00262803-00263063 held annually since due to Monica's
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01007-00263064-00263267 limited size all but the ending of the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01008-00263268-00263925 rally is held on French territory
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01009-00263926-00264410 topic football
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01010-00264411-00264720 Monaco hosts two major football teams in
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01011-00264721-00264948 the Principality the men's football club
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01012-00264949-00265176 as Monaco FC and the women's football
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01013-00265177-00265539 club OS Monica as Monaco plays at the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01014-00265540-00265758 state louis ii and competes in Ligue 1
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01015-00265759-00265955 the first division of French football
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01016-00265956-00266232 the club is historically one of the most
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01017-00266233-00266418 successful clubs in the French league
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01018-00266419-00266622 having won Ligue 1 eight times most
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01019-00266623-00266922 recently in 2016-17 and competed at the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01020-00266923-00267138 top level for all but six seasons since
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01021-00267139-00267531 1953 the club reached the 2004 UEFA
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01022-00267532-00267765 Champions League final with a team that
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01023-00267766-00268035 included dato payaso Fernando Mori antes
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01024-00268036-00268311 Jerome Rothen Aki's Zico's and Ludovic
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01025-00268312-00268587 Giuly but lost 3-2 0 to Portuguese team
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01026-00268588-00268917 FC Porto many international stars have
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01027-00268918-00269121 played for the club such as French World
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01028-00269122-00269385 Cup winners Thierry Henry Fabien Bart s
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01029-00269386-00269724 David Trezeguet and Killian M ba pay the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01030-00269725-00269967 state louis ii also played host to the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01031-00269968-00270294 annual UEFA Super Cup 1998 to 2012
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01032-00270295-00270438 between the winners of the UEFA
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01033-00270439-00270651 Champions League in the UEFA Europa
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01034-00270652-00270704 League
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01035-00270705-00271047 the women's team OS Monaco competes in
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01036-00271048-00271197 the Women's French football league
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01037-00271198-00271455 system the club currently plays in the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01038-00271456-00271644 local regional league deep down in the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01039-00271645-00271875 league system it once played in the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01040-00271876-00272148 Division one feminine in the 1994-95
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01041-00272149-00272472 season but was quickly relegated current
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01042-00272473-00272670 France women's national football team
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01043-00272671-00272880 goalkeeper Sarah bouhanni had a short
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01044-00272881-00273057 stint at the club before going to the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01045-00273058-00273405 INF Clairefontaine Academy the Monaco
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01046-00273406-00273618 national football team represents the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01047-00273619-00273831 nation in association football and is
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01048-00273832-00274017 controlled by the Monegasque football
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01049-00274018-00274209 federation the governing body for
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01050-00274210-00274551 football in Monaco however Monaco is one
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01051-00274552-00274752 of only three sovereign states in Europe
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01052-00274753-00274905 along with the United Kingdom and
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01053-00274906-00275097 Vatican City that is not a member of
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01054-00275098-00275301 UEFA and so does not take part in any
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01055-00275302-00275553 UEFA European football championship or
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01056-00275554-00275832 FIFA World Cup competitions the team
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01057-00275833-00276003 plays its home matches in the Stade
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01058-00276004-00276563 Louis the second
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01059-00276564-00277040 topic rugby
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01060-00277041-00277307 Monaco's national rugby team as of
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01061-00277308-00277571 october 2013 is 91st in the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01062-00277572-00278236 International Rugby Board rankings
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01063-00278237-00278745 topic other sports
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01064-00278746-00279000 the Monte Carlo Masters is held annually
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01065-00279001-00279192 in neighboring Rica burn cap Martin
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01066-00279193-00279410 France as a professional tournament for
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01067-00279411-00279629 men as part of Tennessee's ATP Masters
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01068-00279630-00279860 Series the tournament has been held
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01069-00279861-00280221 since 1897 golf's Monte Carlo Open was
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01070-00280222-00280433 also held at the Monte Carlo Golf Club
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01071-00280434-00280722 at Mont Abel in France between 1984 and
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01072-00280723-00280850 1992
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01073-00280851-00281127 Monaco has also competed in the Olympic
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01074-00281128-00281340 Games although no athlete from Monaco
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01075-00281341-00281688 has ever won an Olympic medal the 2009
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01076-00281689-00281933 Tour de France the world's premier cycle
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01077-00281934-00282158 race started from Monaco with a 15
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01078-00282159-00282387 kilometre nine miles closed circuit
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01079-00282388-00282581 individual time trial starting and
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01080-00282582-00282762 finishing there on the first day and the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01081-00282763-00283143 182 kilometer 113 miles second leg
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01082-00283144-00283323 starting there on the following day and
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01083-00283324-00283583 ending in brig Noel's France Monaco also
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01084-00283584-00283784 staged part of the global Champions Tour
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01085-00283785-00284073 international show jumping acknowledged
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01086-00284074-00284253 as the most glamorous of the series
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01087-00284254-00284454 Monaco will be hosting the world's most
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01088-00284455-00284697 celebrated writers including Monaco zone
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01089-00284698-00284937 Charlotte Casiraghi in a setting facing
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01090-00284938-00285078 out over the world's most beautiful
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01091-00285079-00285300 yachts and framed by the port hercules
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01092-00285301-00285663 and princes palace in 2009 the Monaco
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01093-00285664-00285881 stage of the global Champions Tour took
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01094-00285882-00286302 place between 25 to 27 June the Monaco
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01095-00286303-00286497 marathon is the only marathon in the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01096-00286498-00286665 world to pass through three separate
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01097-00286666-00286887 countries those of Monaco France and
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01098-00286888-00287054 Italy before the finish at the Stade
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01099-00287055-00287423 Louis ii the Monaco Ironman 70.3
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01100-00287424-00287673 triathlon race is an annual event with
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01101-00287674-00287889 over 1,000 athletes competing and
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01102-00287890-00288099 attracts top professional athletes from
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01103-00288100-00288428 around the world the race includes a 1.9
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01104-00288429-00288843 kilometres 1.2 mile swim 90 kilometer 56
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01105-00288844-00289354 mile bike ride and 21.1 kilometers
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01106-00289355-00289685 since 1993 the headquarters of the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01107-00289686-00289866 International Association of Athletics
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01108-00289867-00290127 Federations the world governing body of
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01109-00290128-00290487 athletics is located in Monaco an IAAF
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01110-00290488-00290691 Diamond League meat has annually held at
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01111-00290692-00290850 Stade Louis the second a municipal
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01112-00290851-00291123 Sports Complex the Rainier 3 nautical
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01113-00291124-00291339 stadium in the port Hercules district
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01114-00291340-00291557 consists of a heated saltwater Olympic
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01115-00291558-00291774 sized swimming pool diving boards and a
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01116-00291775-00292050 slide the pool is converted into an ice
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01117-00292051-00292130 rink from dis
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01118-00292131-00292403 number two March from 10 to 12 July 2014
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01119-00292404-00292670 Monaco inaugurated the solar one Monte
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01120-00292671-00292890 Carlo Cup a series of ocean races
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01121-00292891-00293604 exclusively for solar powered boats
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01122-00293605-00294103 topic culture
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01123-00294104-00294445 you
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01124-00294446-00294932 topic music
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01125-00294933-00295206 monaco has an opera house a symphony
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01126-00295207-00295910 orchestra and a classical ballet company
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01127-00295911-00296425 topic visual arts
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01128-00296426-00296662 monaco has a national museum of
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01129-00296663-00296842 contemporary visual art at the new
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01130-00296843-00297130 national museum of monaco the country
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01131-00297131-00297337 also has numerous works of public art
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01132-00297338-00297640 statues museums and memorials see list
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01133-00297641-00298269 of public art in monaco
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01134-00298270-00298835 topic museums in Monaco
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01135-00298836-00299220 Monaco top cars collection napoleon
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01136-00299221-00299953 museum monaco oceanographic museum
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01137-00299954-00300594 topic events festivals and shows
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01138-00300595-00300864 the Principality of Monaco hosts major
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01139-00300865-00301103 international events such as
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01140-00301104-00301353 international circus festival of Monte
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01141-00301354-00301805 Carlo Monday all duty otra Monte Carlo
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01142-00301806-00302328 television festival
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01143-00302329-00302852 topic education
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01144-00302853-00303192 you
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01145-00303193-00303840 topic primary and secondary schools
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01146-00303841-00304113 Monaco has ten state operated schools
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01147-00304114-00304323 including seven nursery and primary
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01148-00304324-00304590 schools one secondary school College
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01149-00304591-00304788 Charles the third one lie say that
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01150-00304789-00304979 provides general and technological
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01151-00304980-00305204 training lice a Albert Wonder and one
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01152-00305205-00305405 lie say that provides vocational and
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01153-00305406-00305652 Hotel training lice a technique at Hotel
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01154-00305653-00305903 EUR de monte-carlo there are also two
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01155-00305904-00306126 grant aided denominational private
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01156-00306127-00306390 schools institution Francois di sighs
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01157-00306391-00306605 Nicholas beret and a cold day sirs
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01158-00306606-00306779 Dominic Haynes and one international
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01159-00306780-00306993 school the international school of
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01160-00306994-00307699 Monaco founded in 1994
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01161-00307700-00308293 topic colleges and universities
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01162-00308294-00308529 there is one University located in
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01163-00308530-00308725 Monaco namely the International
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01164-00308726-00308985 University of Monaco I um an English
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01165-00308986-00309180 language school specializing in business
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01166-00309181-00309432 education and operated by the institut
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01167-00309433-00309627 de hoax etudes economy except
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01168-00309628-00310441 commercials I NSE EC group of schools
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01169-00310442-00310934 topic flag
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01170-00310935-00311187 the flag of Monaco is one of the world's
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01171-00311188-00311501 oldest national flag designs the flag of
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01172-00311502-00311769 Monaco which Monaco adopted in April 4th
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01173-00311770-00312077 1881 is almost identical to the flag of
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01174-00312078-00312320 Indonesia adopted by Indonesia in August
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01175-00312321-00312644 17 1945 except for the ratio of height
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01176-00312645-00313190 to width
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01177-00313191-00313708 topic transport
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01178-00313709-00313975 the monaco monte carlo station is served
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01179-00313976-00314230 by the SNCF the french national rail
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01180-00314231-00314509 system the monaco heliport provides
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01181-00314510-00314701 helicopter service to the closest
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01182-00314702-00314902 airport Cote d'Azur Airport in Nice
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01183-00314903-00315289 France the Monaco bus company cam covers
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01184-00315290-00315493 all the tourist attractions museums
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01185-00315494-00315730 exotic garden business centers and the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01186-00315731-00316448 casino or the louis ii stadium
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01187-00316449-00317070 topic relations with other countries
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01188-00317071-00317309 Monaco is so old that it has outlived
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01189-00317310-00317510 many of the nations and institutions
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01190-00317511-00317763 that it has had relations with the crown
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01191-00317764-00318003 of Aragon and Republic of Genoa became a
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01192-00318004-00318182 part of other countries as did the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01193-00318183-00318507 kingdom of Sardinia honoré - Prince of
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01194-00318508-00318702 Monaco secured recognition of his
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01195-00318703-00318897 independent sovereignty from Spain in
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01196-00318898-00319208 1633 and then from louis xiii of france
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01197-00319209-00319634 by the Treaty of Perrin 1641 Monaco made
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01198-00319635-00319926 a special agreement with France in 1963
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01199-00319927-00320127 in which French customs laws apply in
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01200-00320128-00320454 Monaco and its territorial waters Monaco
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01201-00320455-00320664 uses the euro but is not a member of the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01202-00320665-00320952 European Union Monaco shares a six
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01203-00320953-00321198 kilometre 3.7 mile border with France
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01204-00321199-00321513 but also has about two kilometre 1.2
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01205-00321514-00321690 mile of coastline with the Mediterranean
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01206-00321691-00321983 Sea two important agreements that
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01207-00321984-00322160 support Monaco's independence from
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01208-00322161-00322368 France include the Franco Monegasque
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01209-00322369-00322644 Treaty of 1861 and the French Treaty of
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01210-00322645-00322955 1918 see also kingdom of Sardinia the
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01211-00322956-00323360 United States CIA Factbook records 1419
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01212-00323361-00323584 as the year of Monaco's independence
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01213-00323585-00324006 France Monaco relations Monaco United
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01214-00324007-00324345 States relations Monaco Russia relations
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01215-00324346-00324557 there are two embassies in Monaco those
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01216-00324558-00324792 of France and Italy there are about
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01217-00324793-00325092 another 30 or so consulates by the 21st
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01218-00325093-00325329 century Monaco maintained embassies in
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01219-00325330-00325599 Belgium Brussels France Paris Germany
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01220-00325600-00325910 Berlin the Vatican Italy Rome Spain
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01221-00325911-00326205 Madrid Switzerland Bern United Kingdom
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01222-00326206-00326400 London and the United States Washington
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01223-00326401-00326676 in the year 2000 nearly two-thirds of
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01224-00326677-00326865 the residents of Monaco were foreigners
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01225-00326866-00327126 in 2015 the immigrant population was
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01226-00327127-00327414 estimated at 60% however it is reported
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01227-00327415-00327597 to be difficult to gain citizenship in
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01228-00327598-00327804 Monaco or at least in relative number
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01229-00327805-00328037 there is not many people who do so in
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01230-00328038-00328344 2015 an immigration rate of about 4
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01231-00328345-00328578 people per 1000 was noted which works
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01232-00328579-00328875 out to something like 100 to 150 people
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01233-00328876-00329181 a year the population of Monaco went
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01234-00329182-00329628 from 35,000 in 2008 to 36,000 in 2013
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01235-00329629-00329844 and of that about 20% were native
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01236-00329845-00330081 Monegasque see also nationality law of
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01237-00330082-00330390 monaco a recurring issue Monaco
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01238-00330391-00330468 encounters with
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01239-00330469-00330618 other countries is the attempt by
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01240-00330619-00330837 foreign nationals to use Monaco to avoid
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01241-00330838-00331043 paying taxes in their own country
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01242-00331044-00331293 Monaco actually collects a number of
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01243-00331294-00331575 taxes including a 20% VAT and 33 percent
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01244-00331576-00331848 on companies unless they make over 75%
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01245-00331849-00332178 of their income inside Monaco Monaco
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01246-00332179-00332381 does not allow dual citizenship but does
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01247-00332382-00332562 have multiple paths to citizenship
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01248-00332563-00332712 including by Declaration and
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01249-00332713-00333012 naturalization in many cases the key
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01250-00333013-00333219 issue for obtaining citizenship rather
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01251-00333220-00333438 than attaining residency in Monaco is
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01252-00333439-00333608 the person's ties to their departure
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01253-00333609-00333939 country for example French citizens must
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01254-00333940-00334152 still pay taxes to France even if they
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01255-00334153-00334334 live full-time in Monaco unless they
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01256-00334335-00334617 resided in the country before 1962 for
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01257-00334618-00334950 at least five years in the early 1960s
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01258-00334951-00335115 there was some tension between france
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01259-00335116-00335333 and monaco over taxation there are no
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01260-00335334-00335507 border formalities entering or leaving
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01261-00335508-00335778 to france for visitors a souvenir
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01262-00335779-00336003 passport stamp is available on request
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01263-00336004-00336297 at Monaco's tourist office this is
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01264-00336298-00336495 located on the far side of the gardens
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01265-00336496-00337115 that face the casino
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01266-00337116-00337660 topic see also
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01267-00337661-00337999 outline of monaco list of sovereign
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01268-00338000-00338188 states and dependent territories by
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01269-00338189-00338521 population density Foreign Relations of
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01270-00338522-00338971 Monaco list of rulers of Monaco Japanese
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01271-00338972-00339304 garden Monaco telecommunications in
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01272-00339305-00339607 Monaco microstates and the European
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01273-00339608-00339901 Union list of diplomatic missions in
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01274-00339902-00340213 Monaco list of diplomatic missions of
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01275-00340214-00340590 Monaco Monaco European Union relations
+1Gzsbq_ncZM-01276-00340591-00340957 equals equals notes
+1OPrknDaN7M-00000-00000000-00000173 you know you want replacement windows
+1OPrknDaN7M-00001-00000174-00000416 for your house and really what is it
+1OPrknDaN7M-00002-00000417-00000596 that you want you want to know the price
+1OPrknDaN7M-00003-00000597-00000833 right I mean do you want somebody in
+1OPrknDaN7M-00004-00000834-00000986 your home for a couple of hours to
+1OPrknDaN7M-00005-00000986-00001235 lecture to you the priest to you to tell
+1OPrknDaN7M-00006-00001236-00001415 you how great their windows are and to
+1OPrknDaN7M-00007-00001416-00001616 do everything in their power to get you
+1OPrknDaN7M-00008-00001617-00001955 to buy right then no nobody would not
+1OPrknDaN7M-00009-00001955-00002213 stat I don't think my name is Dan
+1OPrknDaN7M-00010-00002214-00002420 Hatcher and my company is Zen windows of
+1OPrknDaN7M-00011-00002421-00002593 Austin you want replacement windows
+1OPrknDaN7M-00012-00002594-00002879 right well what color do you want want
+1OPrknDaN7M-00013-00002880-00003170 white beige white okay great you want
+1OPrknDaN7M-00014-00003171-00003406 grids or no grits grits great do you
+1OPrknDaN7M-00015-00003407-00003560 have any special shapes or anything
+1OPrknDaN7M-00016-00003561-00003749 special about the windows that we need
+1OPrknDaN7M-00017-00003750-00003944 to know not they're all just you know
+1OPrknDaN7M-00018-00003945-00004154 double hugs or sliders or what have you
+1OPrknDaN7M-00019-00004155-00004499 great okay well here's your price is it
+1OPrknDaN7M-00020-00004500-00004813 really that simple yes it's really that
+1OPrknDaN7M-00021-00004814-00005063 simple one of the things that people
+1OPrknDaN7M-00022-00005064-00005201 really like about the way we do business
+1OPrknDaN7M-00023-00005202-00005481 is that we never take any money upfront
+1OPrknDaN7M-00024-00005482-00005713 we don't collect any money until your
+1OPrknDaN7M-00025-00005714-00005849 windows are installed and you're a
+1OPrknDaN7M-00026-00005850-00006077 hundred percent happy with them and what
+1OPrknDaN7M-00027-00006078-00006247 that does that really puts the pressure
+1OPrknDaN7M-00028-00006248-00006520 on me to deliver if you decide you want
+1OPrknDaN7M-00029-00006522-00006683 the windows the process is pretty simple
+1OPrknDaN7M-00030-00006684-00006956 you just let us know I'm gonna have my
+1OPrknDaN7M-00031-00006956-00007159 installation form and give you a call it
+1OPrknDaN7M-00032-00007161-00007328 set up a time to come measure your
+1OPrknDaN7M-00033-00007329-00007459 windows and then he's going to order
+1OPrknDaN7M-00034-00007461-00007673 them about two to three weeks later
+1OPrknDaN7M-00035-00007673-00007841 they're going to come in and he's going
+1OPrknDaN7M-00036-00007842-00007994 to call you to set up a convenient time
+1OPrknDaN7M-00037-00007995-00008471 to install them done so if you're
+1OPrknDaN7M-00038-00008472-00008696 looking for replacement windows what are
+1OPrknDaN7M-00039-00008697-00008888 you waiting for these give us a call or
+1OPrknDaN7M-00040-00008889-00009142 fill out the form on the website give
+1OPrknDaN7M-00041-00009143-00009362 you a quote five minutes later simple as
+1OPrknDaN7M-00042-00009363-00009822 that
+1OPrknDaN7M-00043-00009823-00010029 you
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00000-00000516-00000797 I thought we'd never get back
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00001-00000798-00001493 not all of us did
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00002-00001494-00001763 but he'll get better now
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00003-00001764-00002734 we all will
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00004-00002735-00003076 come talk if you want all right
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00005-00003077-00004063 sure
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00006-00004064-00004319 passed out
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00007-00004320-00004463 stay there
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00008-00004464-00004631 you don't want to wake up after the
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00009-00004632-00004931 how's the view yes nice what's on your
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00010-00004932-00005051 mind
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00011-00005052-00005386 do you think I'm Different well I don't
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00012-00005387-00005591 know
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00013-00005592-00005854 are you hungry huh
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00014-00005855-00006469 yes well still the same
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00015-00006470-00006820 I feel different
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00016-00006822-00007001 things
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00017-00007002-00007241 feel different
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00018-00007242-00007553 it's called growing up Hugo
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00019-00007554-00007967 some things just make it go faster yes
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00020-00007968-00008213 yes
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00021-00008214-00008489 slow things down from now on
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00022-00008490-00008717 we'll take all the time we need
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00023-00008718-00008951 I can't wait to be in the mountain
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00024-00008952-00009083 soon
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00025-00009084-00009274 very soon
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00026-00009275-00009628 we're going home Hugo
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00027-00009629-00010696 yes
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00028-00010697-00010889 hey
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00029-00010890-00011117 is that well
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00030-00011118-00011410 I woke up thinking I was dead
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00031-00011411-00011699 I know that one
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00032-00011700-00012059 what will you do now
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00033-00012060-00012238 my mother
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00034-00012239-00012485 she had a house an old house in the
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00035-00012486-00012677 mountains
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00036-00012678-00012965 I promised him a chance to be happy
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00037-00012966-00013186 that's where we'll get it
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00038-00013187-00013451 sounds nice
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00039-00013452-00013672 you'll always be welcome there
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00040-00013673-00013877 I know you don't like heights
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00041-00013878-00016330 hey people change
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00042-00016331-00016522 the rascus
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00043-00016523-00017147 you saved Our Lives
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00044-00017148-00017435 hey oh hey
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00045-00017436-00017891 how do you feel you first
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00046-00017892-00018035 like
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00047-00018036-00018347 after a strange dream yeah a terrible
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00048-00018348-00018497 one
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00049-00018498-00018683 but I couldn't wake up until I dreamed
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00050-00018684-00018772 it
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00051-00018773-00019000 changed Reborn
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00052-00019001-00019469 almost there's a home ahead now Lucas
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00053-00019470-00019894 will you come with us well I think
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00054-00019895-00020197 you and Kiko are my home so
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00055-00020198-00020980 yes we're glad to have you with us
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00056-00020981-00021322 I could sleep for weeks
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00057-00021323-00022378 I need a bath too
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00058-00022379-00022817 hey what's going on is he fine who knows
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00059-00022818-00023464 how about we ask him directly all right
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00060-00023465-00023693 are you alive
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00061-00023694-00023885 sink
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00062-00023886-00024557 dead people don't talk
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00063-00024558-00024817 hey
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00064-00024818-00025169 I'm sorry for
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00065-00025170-00025336 well
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00066-00025337-00025637 everything
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00067-00025638-00025822 thank you for getting your sister to
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00068-00025823-00026002 help me
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00069-00026004-00026212 you saved me
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00070-00026213-00026890 look who finally decided to be nice
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00071-00026891-00027208 the war's over Arno we've all earned a
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00072-00027210-00027640 rest you should try it too
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00073-00027641-00028061 hey [__]
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00074-00028062-00028414 down the count
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00075-00028416-00028577 is coming fast
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00076-00028577-00028891 you see that's the thing with war
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00077-00028892-00029117 [Music]
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00078-00029118-00029801 you don't get to decide when it's over
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00079-00029802-00030112 no this can't be happening
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00080-00030113-00030612 go inside you guys
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00081-00030613-00030995 Alicia I'm here with me and the others
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00082-00030995-00032320 will manage
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00083-00032320-00033517 [Music]
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00084-00033518-00033829 them now
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00085-00033830-00034087 good they're still closing the distance
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00086-00034088-00034721 no no what now turn the sail to the wind
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00087-00034722-00034889 I'll give you some snack while you pull
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00088-00034890-00035195 it towards you yes we have no right s
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00089-00035196-00035226 available
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00090-00035227-00036874 [Music]
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00091-00036875-00037073 oh
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00092-00037074-00038652 down everyone
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00093-00038653-00039412 kill the rest
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00094-00039413-00040368 time now
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00095-00040369-00041068 they're going to rhyme us
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00096-00041069-00041802 no
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00097-00041803-00042059 what's going on
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00098-00042060-00043901 no they fell ever born get out with me
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00099-00043902-00044095 no
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00100-00044096-00044543 come on I've got to look to pieces
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00101-00044544-00045835 oh no not if there are two of us
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00102-00045836-00047430 we're not surprised
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00103-00047431-00047711 don't worry I'm refreshed until this
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00104-00047712-00048293 bastards [__]
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00105-00048294-00048461 come on
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00106-00048462-00049595 yes I'm dancing
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00107-00049596-00050280 now
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00108-00050281-00050857 [Music]
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00109-00050858-00051102 red is just fine
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00110-00051103-00051649 [Music]
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00111-00051650-00052548 enjoying stay again
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00112-00052549-00054553 [Music]
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00113-00054554-00055379 tomorrow begins
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00114-00055379-00055792 we can do that
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00115-00055794-00055949 keep coming
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00116-00055950-00056321 getting warmer you will die quicker you
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00117-00056322-00057257 don't deserve that child
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00118-00057258-00057869 friend give us back
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00119-00057870-00058121 how many are there they're less and less
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00120-00058122-00059692 that's all that matters
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00121-00059694-00059832 shoot
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00122-00059833-00061475 [Music]
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00123-00061476-00061703 it killed her
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00124-00061704-00062615 Cuco come with me
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00125-00062616-00063061 Hugo come here
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00126-00063062-00064313 sorry child the rats can't help you here
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00127-00064314-00064650 such a fragile little thing all right
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00128-00064651-00064847 You've Won
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00129-00064848-00065404 don't hurt him
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00130-00065405-00065956 he's Emily's son my son
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00131-00065957-00066173 he's our God
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00132-00066174-00066419 he's out too Victor
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00133-00066420-00066994 you need to let him go to his sister no
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00134-00066995-00067229 I owe this to Emily
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00135-00067230-00067517 with her I tried so hard to believe this
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00136-00067518-00067985 world wasn't just blood and War
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00137-00067986-00068237 that I could throw a blanket over these
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00138-00068238-00068513 flames
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00139-00068514-00068819 but the truth is
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00140-00068820-00069161 people like us we are born to feed that
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00141-00069162-00069394 fire
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00142-00069395-00069617 whatever you're planning with him it
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00143-00069618-00069917 won't work he will destroy you he'll
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00144-00069918-00070697 destroy what I tell him to
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00145-00070698-00071044 we'll set this world a flame
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00146-00071045-00071417 and a fortune Empire from that fire a
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00147-00071418-00071621 more righteous one
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00148-00071622-00071909 It's Not Over You carrot you owe me
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00149-00071910-00072053 blood
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00150-00072054-00072437 I paid that price already now my son
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00151-00072438-00072653 needs to rest
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00152-00072654-00072936 finish this
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00153-00072937-00073999 [Music]
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00154-00074000-00075787 [Music]
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00155-00075788-00076265 you are damn you you goddamn Pig
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00156-00076266-00076781 stop shouting
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00157-00076782-00076943 for the pain
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00158-00076944-00077981 we use it on the battlefield
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00159-00077982-00078329 um I'm sorry
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00160-00078330-00078611 I was stuck
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00161-00078612-00078959 I had to pull this out or we'd be dead
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00162-00078960-00079259 I need to take him back the count knows
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00163-00079260-00079541 what Hugo can do we need to reach them
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00164-00079542-00079769 before
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00165-00079770-00080021 he hugs him even more
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00166-00080022-00080237 let's go
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00167-00080238-00080411 because I've gone ahead looking for
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00168-00080412-00080531 horses
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00169-00080532-00080897 trench your teeth
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00170-00080898-00081832 God damn it yeah
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00171-00081833-00082205 hold on it'll kick in soon
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00172-00082206-00082343 the count
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00173-00082344-00082661 did he say something you broke his heart
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00174-00082662-00082859 so now he wants War
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00175-00082860-00083087 he said he'll use your brother
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00176-00083088-00083315 conquer there'll be nothing left to
+1PrlZ8qpXKy-00177-00083316-00083666 conquer I know
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00000-00000000-00000269 good afternoon I am Celeste Watkins
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00001-00000270-00000515 Hayes interim dean of the Gerald R Ford
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00002-00000516-00000724 School of Public Policy here at the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00003-00000725-00000965 University of Michigan and it is my
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00004-00000966-00001216 pleasure and high honor to welcome you
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00005-00001217-00001504 here tonight for a very special policy
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00006-00001505-00001607 talks
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00007-00001607-00001930 governing for environmental justice this
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00008-00001932-00002260 event is held in support with the Alumni
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00009-00002261-00002392 Association of the University of
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00010-00002393-00002573 Michigan and you can view the recording
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00011-00002574-00002789 from today's event and more great
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00012-00002790-00003083 material from across campus online at
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00013-00003084-00003370 their alumni education Gateway
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00014-00003371-00003688 to open our event I have the great honor
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00015-00003689-00003899 and privilege of presenting one of our
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00016-00003900-00004169 panelists with the forest schools top
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00017-00004170-00004469 award for alumni service
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00018-00004470-00004727 state senator Stephanie Chang is the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00019-00004728-00005129 recipient of the 2022 Neil Stabler
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00020-00005130-00005407 distinguished service award
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00021-00005408-00005922 [Applause]
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00022-00005923-00006286 this award
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00023-00006287-00006689 this award was established in honor of
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00024-00006690-00006917 Neil Stabler one of Michigan's leading
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00025-00006918-00007139 political activists who devoted his life
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00026-00007140-00007367 to improving democratic government by
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00027-00007368-00007589 increasing the participation of citizens
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00028-00007590-00007931 in all aspects of government Affairs and
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00029-00007931-00008213 I am so happy that Neil's son Mike could
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00030-00008214-00008495 join us tonight who has really become a
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00031-00008496-00008741 dear partner to the Ford school and to
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00032-00008742-00008999 me in this interim Dean year thank you
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00033-00009000-00009767 Mike
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00034-00009768-00010085 the Stabler award recognizes a Ford
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00035-00010086-00010306 School alum for outstanding professional
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00036-00010307-00010546 achievement consistent with Neil's
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00037-00010547-00010709 dedication to Excellence in public
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00038-00010710-00010985 service the award has a long history of
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00039-00010986-00011231 distinguished recipients a few of whom I
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00040-00011232-00011519 know are joining us virtually tonight
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00041-00011520-00011728 Senator Chang is the first
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00042-00011729-00011963 Asian-American woman to be elected to
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00043-00011964-00012238 the Michigan legislator legislature she
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00044-00012239-00012424 worked as a community organizer in
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00045-00012425-00012592 Detroit for nearly a decade before
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00046-00012593-00012802 serving two terms in the Michigan House
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00047-00012803-00013085 of Representatives and in 2018 she was
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00048-00013086-00013336 elected to the Michigan Senate where she
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00049-00013337-00013619 served as the minority floor leader now
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00050-00013619-00013858 in her second term in the Senate Chang
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00051-00013859-00014116 serves as the caucus policy and steering
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00052-00014118-00014266 committee chair as well as the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00053-00014268-00014465 chairpersons of the senate committee on
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00054-00014466-00014819 civil rights Judiciary and Public Safety
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00055-00014819-00015077 prior to running for office
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00056-00015078-00015311 Chang was an activist with organizations
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00057-00015312-00015557 including next-gen climate Michigan the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00058-00015558-00015701 center for Progressive leadership in
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00059-00015702-00015911 Michigan the campaign for justice and
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00060-00015912-00016205 Michigan United won United Michigan she
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00061-00016206-00016372 also worked as a community engagement
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00062-00016373-00016613 coordinator for the James and Grace Lee
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00063-00016614-00016877 bogg School an assistant to Grace Lee
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00064-00016878-00017122 Boggs the legendary Detroit activist
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00065-00017123-00017339 writer and speaker
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00066-00017340-00017585 Chang is a co-founder and past president
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00067-00017586-00017830 of Asian and Pacific Islander American
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00068-00017831-00018113 vote Michigan a mentor with the Detroit
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00069-00018114-00018347 Asian youth project a founder and board
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00070-00018348-00018569 member of rising voices of Asian
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00071-00018570-00018779 American families and a board member of
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00072-00018780-00018989 the Southwest Detroit Community Justice
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00073-00018990-00019127 Center
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00074-00019128-00019385 State Legislature Chang has worked on
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00075-00019386-00019522 issues that affect vulnerable
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00076-00019523-00019744 communities including air quality
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00077-00019745-00019979 protection education criminal justice
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00078-00019980-00020207 reforms improving economic opportunities
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00079-00020208-00020425 and affordable safe drinking water
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00080-00020426-00020680 during her time at the Ford school which
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00081-00020681-00020843 we got to talk about today that was a
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00082-00020844-00021089 lot of fun Chang has it was a David
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00083-00021090-00021275 Bonet leadership and public service
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00084-00021276-00021503 fellow that's a graduate Fellowship that
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00085-00021504-00021761 includes a funded summer internship with
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00086-00021762-00021953 the Detroit mayor's office where she
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00087-00021954-00022150 helped with cost estimates and spatial
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00088-00022151-00022367 analysis of the city's street light
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00089-00022368-00022672 project from internship to here
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00090-00022673-00022943 members of our Ford School alumni board
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00091-00022944-00023183 had the on
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00092-00023184-00023471 very difficult very difficult burden of
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00093-00023472-00023663 choosing between several accomplished
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00094-00023664-00023878 alumni with outstanding professional
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00095-00023879-00024113 achievements in public service for this
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00096-00024114-00024377 award they selected Stephanie Chang and
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00097-00024378-00024563 her incredible track record of
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00098-00024564-00024822 leadership on public policy issues
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00099-00024823-00025080 impacting the lives of michiganders
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00100-00025081-00025378 please join me
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00101-00025379-00025714 in congratulating this year's Neil
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00102-00025716-00026020 Stabler distinguished service award
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00103-00026022-00027749 recipient Senator Stephanie Chang
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00104-00027750-00028001 so thank you Stephanie and I'm actually
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00105-00028002-00028223 going to turn the mic
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00106-00028224-00028414 um over to my colleague in just a few
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00107-00028416-00028595 moments but first we would love to just
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00108-00028595-00028937 hear a few remarks from you sure well
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00109-00028938-00029093 thank you so much
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00110-00029094-00029387 um to the fourth school and to the dean
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00111-00029388-00029764 um I is this on it is okay I can't
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00112-00029766-00029939 really hear that
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00113-00029939-00030179 um but it's really an honor to be back
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00114-00030180-00030467 um and so grateful for the honor of
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00115-00030468-00030635 receiving the Neil Stabler distinguished
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00116-00030636-00030970 alumni service award uh and this
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00117-00030972-00031168 actually does really mean quite a quite
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00118-00031169-00031396 a lot the staler family has contributed
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00119-00031397-00031818 so much to this state and really been a
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00120-00031819-00032111 a model in terms of good public service
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00121-00032112-00032374 over many many years so I appreciate
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00122-00032375-00032764 this award and I'm really grateful to be
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00123-00032766-00033095 in Ford school alumna as we talked about
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00124-00033096-00033359 earlier today uh you know being a Ford
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00125-00033360-00033683 school grad actually really did provide
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00126-00033684-00033911 a lot of really important skills and
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00127-00033912-00034231 resources to be a successful
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00128-00034232-00034487 lawmaker and just really honored to
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00129-00034488-00034667 receive this award so thank you so much
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00130-00034668-00034811 to the Ford School
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00131-00034812-00035233 you are welcome thank you
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00132-00035234-00035645 so much so I am now going to hand it
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00133-00035646-00035885 over to my colleague shobita partha
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00134-00035886-00036167 sarathi professor of public policy at
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00135-00036168-00036346 the Ford school and director of the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00136-00036347-00036581 science technology and public policy
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00137-00036582-00037361 program
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00138-00037362-00037679 thank you so much Dean Watkins Hayes and
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00139-00037680-00037943 congratulations Senator Chang I'm
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00140-00037944-00038117 incredibly excited about this
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00141-00038118-00038333 afternoon's conversation because to my
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00142-00038334-00038680 mind good public policy is crucial to
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00143-00038681-00038939 achieving environmental justice
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00144-00038940-00039185 low-income neighborhoods particularly
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00145-00039186-00039449 those from with black latinx and
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00146-00039450-00039718 Indigenous residents tend to Bear the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00147-00039719-00039943 costs of national and international
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00148-00039944-00040277 Economic Development and sometimes even
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00149-00040278-00040529 also policy efforts to improve the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00150-00040530-00040637 environment
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00151-00040638-00040979 but they often don't enjoy the benefits
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00152-00040980-00041207 this includes becoming sites for the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00153-00041208-00041435 congregation of polluting Industries and
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00154-00041436-00041668 disposal of toxic waste
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00155-00041669-00041959 we need look no further than zip code
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00156-00041960-00042311 48217 in Southwest Detroit where
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00157-00042312-00042496 residents have complained for years
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00158-00042497-00042790 about the environmental health and
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00159-00042791-00043102 lifestyle impacts of having AK Steel
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00160-00043103-00043445 Marathon Oil and DTE Energy at their
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00161-00043446-00043577 door
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00162-00043578-00043780 but environmental justice communities
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00163-00043781-00044117 like the residents of 48217 often
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00164-00044118-00044429 struggle to have their voices heard
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00165-00044430-00044621 as historically disadvantaged
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00166-00044622-00044927 communities they often lack access to
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00167-00044928-00045118 corridors of power
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00168-00045119-00045437 and their knowledge and expertise is
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00169-00045438-00045646 rarely valued in the technical
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00170-00045647-00045946 instruments used to evaluate the citing
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00171-00045947-00046145 of projects the development of
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00172-00046146-00046415 Technologies and public policies that
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00173-00046416-00046655 are met to benefit society and the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00174-00046656-00046787 environment
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00175-00046788-00047021 we discuss many of these cases in the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00176-00047022-00047201 science technology and public policy
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00177-00047202-00047418 program or stpp program that I direct
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00178-00047419-00047711 and support communities as they advocate
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00179-00047712-00047962 for more representative practices and
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00180-00047963-00048137 policies through our Community
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00181-00048138-00048389 Partnerships initiative
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00182-00048390-00048761 and things are changing politicians and
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00183-00048762-00048946 Technical experts are starting to
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00184-00048947-00049127 recognize that in order to develop
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00185-00049128-00049367 public policies that truly benefit all
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00186-00049368-00049612 of us and particularly that Advance
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00187-00049613-00049889 environmental equity and Justice they
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00188-00049890-00050117 must Center the concerns and
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00189-00050118-00050321 perspectives of the most marginalized
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00190-00050322-00050423 Among Us
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00191-00050424-00050735 and all of our speakers today so clearly
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00192-00050736-00050968 embody this approach
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00193-00050969-00051196 tonight's conversation will be moderated
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00194-00051197-00051485 by Dr Abdul al-sayed a former Ford
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00195-00051486-00051707 School Tousley policy maker in Residence
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00196-00051708-00051958 and the newly appointed director of the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00197-00051959-00052192 Wayne County Health Human and Veterans
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00198-00052194-00052361 Services Department
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00199-00052362-00052619 he will be joined by our honoree Senator
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00200-00052620-00052763 Stephanie Chang
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00201-00052764-00052954 whose many accomplishments you've just
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00202-00052955-00053363 heard and congresswoman Rashida Talib
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00203-00053364-00053603 representative Talib serves Michigan's
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00204-00053604-00053765 12th congressional district which
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00205-00053766-00053987 includes the city of Detroit and many
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00206-00053988-00054179 surrounding communities
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00207-00054179-00054503 she made history in 2008 by becoming the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00208-00054504-00054742 first Muslim woman to ever serve in the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00209-00054744-00054923 Michigan legislature
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00210-00054924-00055199 her work on environmental just Justice
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00211-00055200-00055415 in Michigan includes organizing
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00212-00055416-00055619 residents with the we have a right to
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00213-00055620-00055792 breathe campaign to protect Public
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00214-00055794-00055882 Health
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00215-00055883-00056116 exposing environmental threats on the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00216-00056117-00056357 Detroit Riverfront and working with the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00217-00056358-00056591 sugar Law Center for economic and social
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00218-00056591-00056879 justice to fight for Community benefits
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00219-00056879-00057053 agreements that promote Equitable
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00220-00057054-00057257 development
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00221-00057258-00057485 a reminder that there will be time for
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00222-00057486-00057676 questions at the end so please write
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00223-00057677-00057892 them down on the provided question cards
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00224-00057894-00058121 throughout tonight's event and then pass
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00225-00058122-00058366 them to the center aisle my colleague
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00226-00058367-00058576 Molly Kleinman the managing director of
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00227-00058577-00058750 the science technology and public policy
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00228-00058751-00058985 program will be helping to curate the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00229-00058986-00059219 questions for tonight's q a
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00230-00059220-00059525 those tuning in virtually can tweet your
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00231-00059526-00059926 questions to hashtag policytalks
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00232-00059927-00060203 so please join me in welcoming Dr El
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00233-00060204-00060430 Syed Senator Chang and congresswoman
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00234-00060432-00060671 Talib to reflect on their work to
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00235-00060672-00060880 address environmental Injustice in
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00236-00060882-00061150 Michigan and Beyond and the challenges
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00237-00061151-00061439 and opportunities ahead
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00238-00061440-00062519 [Applause]
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00239-00062520-00062759 all right good evening
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00240-00062760-00062950 that was pretty good good evening
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00241-00062951-00063215 hasn't been better all right so um thank
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00242-00063216-00063382 you uh Professor parthusarthy for that
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00243-00063383-00063563 lovely introduction and getting us right
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00244-00063564-00063791 to it uh I want to just jump right in
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00245-00063791-00064061 this is a interesting moment to have
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00246-00064062-00064223 this conversation I gotta be honest with
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00247-00064224-00064469 you when I pitched this discussion I had
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00248-00064470-00064619 no clue that I would be back in public
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00249-00064620-00064775 service by the time we actually had it
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00250-00064776-00064949 and I would certain I had certainly had
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00251-00064950-00065080 no clue that we would be in a situation
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00252-00065082-00065399 where we were discussing uh this the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00253-00065400-00065597 second or third at train derailment in a
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00254-00065598-00065776 matter of months from the same uh
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00255-00065777-00065915 Corporation
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00256-00065916-00066256 um one of which uh led to the trucking
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00257-00066257-00066521 of toxic waste products uh into Wayne
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00258-00066522-00066671 County which is a county that all three
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00259-00066672-00066905 of us up here uh serve in in one way or
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00260-00066906-00067025 another so I just want to jump in
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00261-00067026-00067235 because I think what's interesting about
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00262-00067236-00067385 um both of you I've got an opportunity
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00263-00067386-00067505 to work with you in a number of
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00264-00067506-00067732 different ways but both of you um you
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00265-00067733-00067871 did this work before you did this work
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00266-00067872-00068129 right before you were in positions in
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00267-00068130-00068567 Halls of power uh to lead on legislation
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00268-00068568-00068849 um you were advocating for a more
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00269-00068850-00069017 sustainable more environment just
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00270-00069018-00069293 Michigan and Wayne County so I want to
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00271-00069294-00069485 ask you what do you bring of your
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00272-00069486-00069700 activism and Community engagement to the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00273-00069701-00070099 work that you do every day in government
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00274-00070100-00070273 okay
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00275-00070274-00070553 uh well good evening again
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00276-00070554-00070763 um before I do anything else just wanted
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00277-00070764-00070906 to give a shout out to my colleague
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00278-00070907-00071200 Senator Sue shank who's here as well as
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00279-00071201-00071459 Jennifer Collins state representative uh
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00280-00071460-00071626 thanks both for both of you for your
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00281-00071627-00071771 public service and for being here
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00282-00071772-00071993 hopefully I didn't miss anyone uh
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00283-00071994-00072131 representative Ryan oh and
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00284-00072132-00072431 representative Brian Gans awesome
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00285-00072432-00072641 um yeah hello
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00286-00072642-00072911 oh I should have brought Sonia anyway
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00287-00072912-00073073 next time
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00288-00073074-00073493 um so I you know I think that we use I I
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00289-00073494-00073750 feel that I use my organizing background
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00290-00073751-00073991 uh quite often and actually I was
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00291-00073992-00074213 thinking about the fact that when I was
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00292-00074214-00074369 still deciding about whether or not to
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00293-00074370-00074494 run for office I don't know for you to
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00294-00074495-00074675 remember this but uh one of the things
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00295-00074676-00074938 that she said to try to convince me to
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00296-00074939-00075167 run was that I would still be organizing
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00297-00075168-00075371 that I would get to or be organizing my
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00298-00075372-00075682 colleagues so it's very persuasive and
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00299-00075683-00076091 uh and so that actually did help me to
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00300-00076092-00076271 um realize okay I can yeah use those
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00301-00076272-00076432 same organizing skills
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00302-00076433-00076612 um but I also think one of the most
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00303-00076613-00076732 amazing things that I love about this
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00304-00076733-00076925 job is being able to work with community
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00305-00076926-00077056 members to come up with what the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00306-00077057-00077375 solution should be and so whether it's
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00307-00077376-00077609 uh you know whippets in Southwest
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00308-00077610-00077950 Detroit littering the streets and you
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00309-00077951-00078191 know a huge substance abuse issue in the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00310-00078192-00078443 community actually working hand in hand
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00311-00078444-00078599 with them to do the research to figure
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00312-00078600-00078821 out uh what the legislative solution
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00313-00078822-00078953 should be and then actually getting it
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00314-00078954-00079156 passed and having them you know come
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00315-00079157-00079319 testify
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00316-00079320-00079553 um or working on water affordability and
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00317-00079554-00079703 working hand in hand with the groups who
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00318-00079704-00079931 are uh you know not only coming up with
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00319-00079932-00080093 Solutions but also the ones making sure
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00320-00080094-00080332 that people have access to water
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00321-00080333-00080569 um I love that work I love being able to
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00322-00080570-00080812 use the Coalition building skills that I
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00323-00080813-00081094 had I developed prior to running for
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00324-00081095-00081469 office and still use those every day
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00325-00081470-00081755 and honestly I think it's been really
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00326-00081756-00081887 beneficial in terms of being an
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00327-00081888-00082247 effective lawmaker and also I think that
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00328-00082248-00082637 it really shows in the community they
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00329-00082638-00082973 recognize the work and also are happy to
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00330-00082974-00083182 be a part of it because usually
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00331-00083183-00083356 community members don't get to be a part
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00332-00083357-00083579 of coming up with the solutions so when
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00333-00083580-00083717 they are I think it's even that much
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00334-00083718-00083897 more valuable
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00335-00083898-00084232 yeah so uh you know I'm the eldest of
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00336-00084233-00084541 14. so I've been a community organizer
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00337-00084542-00084743 plus I grew up in the most beautiful
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00338-00084744-00084905 blackest city in the country in the city
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00339-00084906-00085085 of Detroit Community organized and it's
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00340-00085086-00085241 just part of your nature even as a
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00341-00085242-00085379 mother on the Block it wasn't just my
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00342-00085380-00085576 mom it was the black mothers the Latino
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00343-00085577-00085756 mothers everyone had our back and they
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00344-00085757-00085912 were always organizing I don't care if
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00345-00085913-00086261 it was trying to get us to to stop you
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00346-00086262-00086465 know throwing our garbage in the streets
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00347-00086466-00086638 or figuring out all these other things
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00348-00086639-00086861 but it's just part of you know growing
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00349-00086862-00086975 up there
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00350-00086976-00087149 um and and growing up in the in the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00351-00087150-00087359 community and in the family that I was
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00352-00087360-00087556 part of it was just always
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00353-00087557-00087712 um a trigger apart so it's made me
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00354-00087713-00087976 tenacious It's Made Me determined and
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00355-00087977-00088229 you know uh you know Senator Sanders
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00356-00088230-00088379 said that to me like you know I'm a
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00357-00088380-00088588 labor organizer on the on in the Senate
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00358-00088589-00088787 Rashida that's not going to change when
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00359-00088788-00089003 I walk in on that floor that's what I am
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00360-00089004-00089225 and that's what I do when I'm working on
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00361-00089226-00089423 all these issues and you know of course
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00362-00089424-00089579 when you are a community organized you
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00363-00089580-00089741 tend to move a lot more urgency than
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00364-00089742-00090138 many colleagues and so I'm really um
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00365-00090139-00090371 incredibly you know grateful to be able
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00366-00090372-00090718 to take all of that and uh it's been you
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00367-00090719-00090868 know it's been an honor sometimes you
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00368-00090869-00091012 know just trying to like not imagine
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00369-00091013-00091235 that I'm like a congress member but like
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00370-00091236-00091391 um that organizer still from Southwest
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00371-00091392-00091817 Detroit actually is much more fun and uh
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00372-00091818-00092068 inspiring uh when I'm on that floor and
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00373-00092069-00092261 I feel like I convinced my colleagues
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00374-00092262-00092441 more when I speak in that language if
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00375-00092442-00092747 that makes any sense and so uh it is
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00376-00092748-00093041 very much what continues to bring value
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00377-00093042-00093250 to to myself when when I when I do this
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00378-00093251-00093335 work
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00379-00093336-00093538 I appreciate that I I came to government
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00380-00093539-00093844 as a technocrat uh way too much school
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00381-00093845-00094000 didn't graduate until I was like 30
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00382-00094001-00094181 years old from grad school and I was
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00383-00094182-00094325 like all the way through I didn't have a
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00384-00094326-00094667 pause and I came to the work that you
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00385-00094668-00094955 all do uh backwards
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00386-00094956-00095117 um asking how do you actually get
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00387-00095118-00095261 practical solutions to technical
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00388-00095262-00095525 questions so the question I want to ask
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00389-00095526-00095812 here is there is this almost this
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00390-00095813-00096043 Continuum between
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00391-00096044-00096299 Grassroots Community organizing and
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00392-00096300-00096437 activism
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00393-00096438-00096694 the kind of work that is done in
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00394-00096695-00096862 government be it at the executive side
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00395-00096863-00097132 or the legislative side and then the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00396-00097133-00097331 science and the technical work that goes
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00397-00097332-00097462 into trying to educate them and if they
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00398-00097463-00097649 work together right there's this
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00399-00097650-00097853 beautiful flywheel that happens the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00400-00097854-00098032 challenge often is that they don't
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00401-00098033-00098206 really work together we're speaking
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00402-00098207-00098429 different languages uh conversations are
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00403-00098430-00098567 being missed there's a lot of research
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00404-00098568-00098755 that's done over here that really help
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00405-00098756-00098999 answer a lot of questions there might be
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00406-00099000-00099167 of academic interest and I mean that in
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00407-00099168-00099406 the most technical sense but but but not
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00408-00099407-00099593 necessarily a practical interest or
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00409-00099594-00099755 narrative interest
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00410-00099756-00100062 um so I guess I'd ask what do you wish
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00411-00100063-00100312 scientists understood about the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00412-00100313-00100468 legislative process
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00413-00100469-00100787 and um and and what is it that you've
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00414-00100788-00101087 learned about the the the science that
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00415-00101088-00101218 gets done
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00416-00101219-00101356 um that you can sort of pull into the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00417-00101357-00101482 legislative process what is the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00418-00101483-00101687 crosstalk why why do we sometimes miss
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00419-00101688-00101867 each other
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00420-00101868-00102161 I mean there's so many layers to that uh
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00421-00102162-00102394 no it's it's outside money
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00422-00102395-00102527 um
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00423-00102528-00102780 you know I was I was in a class today
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00424-00102781-00103097 a a second third grade class and you
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00425-00103098-00103258 know trying they don't know who I am you
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00426-00103259-00103427 know I'm like explaining they're like
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00427-00103428-00103565 congresswoman and the kids are like you
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00428-00103566-00103715 know are you you know and I tell them
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00429-00103716-00103894 the three branches of government and I'm
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00430-00103895-00104032 on the legislative branch when I tell
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00431-00104033-00104165 them I know President Biden they're like
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00432-00104166-00104471 you do you know but I was telling them
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00433-00104472-00104680 honestly I was telling them about how
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00434-00104681-00104884 one of the first bills I ever worked on
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00435-00104885-00105040 in the Michigan house was the smoking
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00436-00105041-00105233 ban and they were like what is that you
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00437-00105233-00105328 know and I was like you know how you go
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00438-00105329-00105557 to a restaurant your family asks you
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00439-00105558-00105689 know they'll ask how many people in your
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00440-00105690-00105839 party and they're like yeah you know
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00441-00105840-00105971 they're like nodding their heads I said
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00442-00105972-00106181 well when I was your age they used to
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00443-00106182-00106307 ask do you want the smoking or
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00444-00106308-00106445 non-smoking section
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00445-00106446-00106636 and they're like
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00446-00106638-00107021 and I was like they used to smoke no and
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00447-00107022-00107184 I'm like in schools
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00448-00107185-00107495 and one girl I said airplane she goes no
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00449-00107496-00107710 that's crazy and I was like yes in
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00450-00107711-00108054 hospital and why say that Doc is because
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00451-00108055-00108304 like you know I told them even though
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00452-00108305-00108502 doctors and scientists were telling us
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00453-00108503-00108695 this there were studies there were
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00454-00108696-00108893 studies way before we passed the smoking
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00455-00108894-00108989 ban in Michigan in the Michigan
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00456-00108990-00109199 legislature I mean there were so many
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00457-00109200-00109408 folks that came and testified and talked
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00458-00109409-00109697 about the the harms of secondhand Story
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00459-00109698-00109936 I mean we've had so many people testify
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00460-00109938-00110158 study the heck out of my community I
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00461-00110159-00110297 don't know how many U of M students have
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00462-00110298-00110483 been the Delray and studied Delray
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00463-00110483-00110669 neighborhood so many times
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00464-00110670-00110873 but it gets shelled to the point where a
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00465-00110874-00111028 lot of my colleagues are not listening
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00466-00111029-00111208 and moving even though these second and
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00467-00111209-00111484 third graders are like wow what yeah of
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00468-00111485-00111713 course that makes you sick
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00469-00111714-00111899 um and so of course you all know that
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00470-00111900-00112084 but then you have the arm is so
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00471-00112085-00112307 complicated as the money that comes into
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00472-00112308-00112619 that where those that profit off of the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00473-00112620-00112913 pollution the public health disparities
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00474-00112914-00113116 and all those folks continue to profit
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00475-00113117-00113278 and they have more access to my
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00476-00113279-00113477 colleagues who will not understand
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00477-00113478-00113681 unless they live in Frontline
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00478-00113682-00113860 communities and environmental justice
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00479-00113861-00114047 communities they will not know or fully
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00480-00114048-00114371 understand what it means to not be able
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00481-00114372-00114581 to go outside because the smell is so
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00482-00114582-00114719 bad that you could have an asthma attack
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00483-00114720-00115019 or the respiratory you know issues and
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00484-00115020-00115115 so
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00485-00115116-00115427 one thing is true and I I your studies
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00486-00115428-00115715 and and and the things that come out of
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00487-00115716-00115943 that arm does give credibility what I'm
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00488-00115944-00116273 saying I don't I feel less like you know
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00489-00116274-00116440 I'm not making this up this actually is
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00490-00116441-00116578 true we have high rates of infant
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00491-00116579-00116843 mortality and they have gotten it to the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00492-00116844-00116986 fact that maybe we haven't met the Clean
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00493-00116988-00117251 Air Act standards in so long so all of
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00494-00117252-00117425 that to say is at least there are folks
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00495-00117426-00117551 myself and others in Frontline
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00496-00117552-00117713 communities that depend on this because
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00497-00117714-00118025 sometimes they're not believed I I one
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00498-00118026-00118175 of my seniors told me I just I feel like
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00499-00118176-00118457 they don't believe me Rashida and uh it
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00500-00118458-00118631 is true but when you all do the work
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00501-00118632-00118739 that you do
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00502-00118740-00118889 one thing that's more profitable it
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00503-00118890-00119057 might be the not the legislatures as
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00504-00119058-00119293 much but the people in our community
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00505-00119294-00119651 they can use it to organize uh and I'm a
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00506-00119652-00119860 True Believer that you know we have
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00507-00119861-00120202 transformative change that uh doesn't
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00508-00120203-00120377 happen because of who's president of the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00509-00120378-00120533 United States or who's in Congress I
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00510-00120533-00120683 mean Civil Rights Act wasn't like oh
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00511-00120683-00120893 this was a great idea it was because of
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00512-00120894-00121102 boycotts and protests and marches
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00513-00121103-00121349 outside of those places of power that
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00514-00121350-00121534 moved towards that same thing with
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00515-00121535-00121816 organizing unions in the workplace Dr
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00516-00121817-00122069 al-said and so for me I hope that you
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00517-00122070-00122195 all are also thinking how do you bring
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00518-00122196-00122351 those Frontline communities and the work
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00519-00122352-00122536 that you're doing on that end because
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00520-00122538-00122723 they're going to be able to use that to
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00521-00122724-00122904 organize more people because
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00522-00122905-00123131 it's hard when I tell my colleagues
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00523-00123132-00123281 there's not one congressional district
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00524-00123282-00123545 not one that doesn't have lead in their
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00525-00123546-00124043 water and this is not just flint and
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00526-00124044-00124373 Pontiac and Hamtramck or Garden City or
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00527-00124374-00124631 Wayne in my district it's it's every
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00528-00124632-00124828 single Community every corner of our
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00529-00124829-00125093 country is now suffering because we've
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00530-00125094-00125416 allowed it to continue
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00531-00125417-00125699 so I guess I was Echo a lot of what uh
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00532-00125700-00125866 congresswoman sleep said and also just
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00533-00125867-00125999 add a couple things also by the way
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00534-00126000-00126227 there's like four chairs in the front I
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00535-00126228-00126365 see there's people standing back there
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00536-00126366-00126545 including representative Morgan
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00537-00126546-00126760 um folks want to fill in
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00538-00126761-00127102 um but I think so one of the things that
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00539-00127103-00127378 I think is important is um so I love
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00540-00127379-00127619 this idea of Citizen science and so you
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00541-00127620-00127816 know across Detroit and other places too
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00542-00127817-00128051 there's all of these folks who are
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00543-00128052-00128345 actually using their own air monitors to
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00544-00128346-00128549 gather data and be able to make their
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00545-00128550-00128884 own case for uh what do they call it
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00546-00128885-00129047 Stephanie although the purple air no the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00547-00129048-00129227 one they called the air Bucket Brigade
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00548-00129228-00129443 you remember they went and grabbed and
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00549-00129444-00129652 they would oh yeah it's so cool anyways
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00550-00129653-00129947 it was really cool but I just love you
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00551-00129948-00130133 know when folks are actually like let's
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00552-00130133-00130354 just take science into our own hands
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00553-00130355-00130649 whether it's you know using your own air
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00554-00130650-00131027 monitors or I remember there was a guy
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00555-00131028-00131278 in Riverview who
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00556-00131279-00131416 um was really concerned about what was
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00557-00131417-00131602 going on when they were demolishing the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00558-00131603-00131831 McLeod steel plant down river it's like
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00559-00131832-00131969 oh well let me get you some air matters
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00560-00131970-00132233 like really so yeah just like yes we're
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00561-00132234-00132407 gonna get you these air monitors so that
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00562-00132408-00132551 you can collect this data and then be
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00563-00132552-00132725 able to use it and advocate for what you
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00564-00132726-00132833 need
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00565-00132834-00133097 um so I love that so I think like as
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00566-00133098-00133266 much as we can actually connect
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00567-00133267-00133601 people who are doing this science with
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00568-00133602-00133804 folks on the ground and there's lots so
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00569-00133805-00133978 many examples of that but I feel like
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00570-00133979-00134207 that's really uh something we need to do
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00571-00134208-00134363 more of
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00572-00134364-00134627 um and then I also think that
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00573-00134628-00134764 um one of the things that we need to do
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00574-00134765-00134971 better at is
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00575-00134972-00135233 there's so much good data out there and
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00576-00135234-00135473 so much uh there's all these amazing
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00577-00135474-00135599 reports
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00578-00135600-00135743 um but a lot of times legislators have
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00579-00135744-00135947 never read them or they because we never
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00580-00135948-00136187 got them and there's just so much
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00581-00136188-00136445 critical data and critical reports that
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00582-00136446-00136619 the Ford school for example is putting
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00583-00136620-00136864 out their uh that could be really really
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00584-00136865-00137177 useful so especially if you have a
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00585-00137178-00137519 lawmaker who's advocating on an issue if
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00586-00137520-00137704 if you can get that person the data then
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00587-00137705-00137878 they they can use that right and combine
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00588-00137879-00138047 it with the first-hand accounts the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00589-00138048-00138304 stories from folks who are experiencing
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00590-00138305-00138635 whatever the problem is and be able to
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00591-00138636-00138827 really make their argument even stronger
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00592-00138828-00139061 so one of the things that I remember
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00593-00139062-00139404 from 2020 was after
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00594-00139405-00139690 the Michigan Supreme Court basically
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00595-00139691-00139927 invalidated all of the executive orders
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00596-00139928-00140164 we needed to get a water shut off
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00597-00140165-00140345 moratorium put back into place and the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00598-00140346-00140464 only way that was going to happen was
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00599-00140465-00140639 through the legislature and everyone
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00600-00140640-00140783 thought there's no way you're going to
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00601-00140784-00140933 get a report you know a republican
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00602-00140934-00141131 legislature to pass a watershed off
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00603-00141132-00141359 moratorium but we did and part of the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00604-00141360-00141616 reason why was because we had the data
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00605-00141617-00141887 we had all of the like this giant
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00606-00141888-00142151 spreadsheet because we use the federal
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00607-00142152-00142289 money through the Department of Health
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00608-00142290-00142451 and Human Services to get water
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00609-00142452-00142685 providers uh you know money to help pay
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00610-00142686-00142913 down our rear urges and so we literally
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00611-00142914-00143225 had this is how many households in your
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00612-00143226-00143525 Tiny Village in the U.P or you know your
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00613-00143526-00143837 suburban Township in West Michigan these
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00614-00143838-00143963 are the people who are behind on their
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00615-00143964-00144173 water bills and so that way we were able
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00616-00144174-00144304 to show because sometimes people think
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00617-00144305-00144454 it's a Detroit issue and of course it is
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00618-00144455-00144635 but it's also a Statewide problem right
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00619-00144636-00144911 and so being able to use that data and
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00620-00144912-00145139 then pair it with again the first-hand
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00621-00145140-00145271 accounts of what yeah they couldn't even
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00622-00145272-00145511 access the federal dollars unless they
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00623-00145512-00145619 supported
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00624-00145620-00145823 they literally some actually wanted to
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00625-00145824-00146057 take the rearage money and pay the back
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00626-00146058-00146249 Bill and not actually and keep them shut
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00627-00146250-00146351 off
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00628-00146352-00146633 so just you have to yeah but when
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00629-00146634-00146849 somebody comes to me a constituent with
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00630-00146850-00147040 the the stuff that many of you bring you
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00631-00147041-00147257 know the studies and it's so much more
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00632-00147258-00147352 powerful
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00633-00147353-00147647 let them code to them not just you alone
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00634-00147648-00147916 if that makes any sense
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00635-00147917-00148085 one of the big challenges with
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00636-00148086-00148337 environmental justice disasters is that
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00637-00148338-00148421 we hear about them when they're
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00638-00148422-00148601 disasters right whether it's East
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00639-00148602-00148727 Palestine
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00640-00148728-00148978 which is a story that goes back to
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00641-00148979-00149327 Railroad deregulation for decades or
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00642-00149328-00149561 it's Flint as we talked about or it's
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00643-00149562-00149716 water shutoffs in Detroit or it's
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00644-00149717-00150101 covid-19 as a pandemic and the fact that
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00645-00150102-00150307 we hear about them is disasters implies
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00646-00150308-00150689 that between the legislative work that
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00647-00150690-00151133 is done on oversight and legislation and
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00648-00151134-00151295 the executive work that's done in
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00649-00151296-00151552 enforcement we generally don't pay
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00650-00151553-00151823 attention to issues that could Bubble Up
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00651-00151824-00152081 and it is a fundamental flaw of
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00652-00152082-00152381 government insofar as we keep finding
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00653-00152382-00152645 ourselves in the same spot and one of
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00654-00152646-00152771 the interesting things that that sort of
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00655-00152772-00153047 came up is that whether it is Eagle or
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00656-00153048-00153281 its EPA you think about East Palestine
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00657-00153282-00153575 there is a remit to actually regulate
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00658-00153576-00153797 some of these things and unfortunately
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00659-00153798-00154078 so much of the rulemaking ends up in
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00660-00154079-00154385 automatic okays of processes that
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00661-00154386-00154607 probably shouldn't be okay
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00662-00154608-00154913 what does it take for us to tell the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00663-00154914-00155195 story of all the work that has to go in
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00664-00155196-00155351 to keep those disasters from happening
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00665-00155352-00155452 because it's kind of self-defeating
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00666-00155453-00155614 right part of the challenge we have this
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00667-00155615-00155747 issue in public health more generally
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00668-00155748-00156028 but when nothing bad happens
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00669-00156029-00156173 then
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00670-00156174-00156437 we stop funding the things that keep bad
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00671-00156438-00156628 things from happening right and then bad
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00672-00156629-00156785 things happen right and then we wonder
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00673-00156786-00156947 why there wasn't funding to keep them
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00674-00156948-00157126 from happening and so it's just a cycle
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00675-00157127-00157397 over and over and over again what is it
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00676-00157398-00157607 that we need to do from a activist
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00677-00157608-00157913 scientific legislative and executive
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00678-00157914-00158171 function right this ecosystem what needs
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00679-00158172-00158345 to be done to keep us funding and
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00680-00158346-00158554 investing in the things that keep bad
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00681-00158555-00158669 stuff from happening in the first place
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00682-00158670-00158902 and then what what what do we do to keep
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00683-00158903-00159095 our attention on it right this is a a
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00684-00159096-00159269 thing I think about all the time because
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00685-00159270-00159407 I'm sitting here trying to justify a
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00686-00159408-00159502 public health budget people are like why
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00687-00159503-00159628 are we going to do that we haven't had
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00688-00159629-00159869 that problem in years I'm like yes so we
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00689-00159870-00160054 don't have that problem in years
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00690-00160055-00160216 um how do we think about that problem
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00691-00160217-00160366 how should we wrap our minds around that
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00692-00160367-00160511 problem
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00693-00160512-00160787 so I can think of two examples that just
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00694-00160788-00160931 popped into my brain as you were talking
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00695-00160932-00161104 so one
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00696-00161105-00161425 um both of us dealt with this in 2019
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00697-00161426-00161669 this was pre-pandemic so it feels like
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00698-00161670-00162047 10 years ago but in November 2019 there
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00699-00162048-00162425 was this uh former Revere Copper Dock
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00700-00162426-00162904 site that collapsed and no one knew
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00701-00162905-00163057 about it until
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00702-00163058-00163337 the owner of the Windsor Detroit truck
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00703-00163338-00163552 fairy sent drone shots of what was going
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00704-00163553-00163883 on uh to me and to Eagle and The Windsor
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00705-00163884-00164225 Star and then we realized okay this is a
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00706-00164226-00164519 problem uh there's a major dock that
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00707-00164520-00164951 collapsed into the river and through the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00708-00164952-00165197 response to that we learned a lot of
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00709-00165198-00165407 things that we should have known before
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00710-00165408-00165604 so
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00711-00165605-00165857 this is a site that was a former site of
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00712-00165858-00166043 the Manhattan Project at one point there
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00713-00166044-00166337 was uranium rods that were stored on
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00714-00166338-00166487 site and so there was a folk that were
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00715-00166488-00166685 just like freaking out
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00716-00166686-00166925 um rightly so thankfully there was a lot
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00717-00166926-00167051 of testing that got done and there was
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00718-00167052-00167261 no uranium but there were contamination
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00719-00167262-00167411 there was contamination that did go into
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00720-00167412-00167514 the river
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00721-00167515-00167740 and then it just raised all of these
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00722-00167741-00167926 questions about the fact that there
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00723-00167927-00168149 wasn't any notification this was I think
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00724-00168150-00168275 it was the day after Thanksgiving or
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00725-00168276-00168425 something like that
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00726-00168426-00168575 um or it was the day before it was it
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00727-00168576-00168881 was around Thanksgiving in 2019 and
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00728-00168882-00169054 there was no notification to Eagle
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00729-00169055-00169240 because there was this sort of this Gap
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00730-00169241-00169463 in the law that we identified
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00731-00169464-00169654 um even part of this regulations
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00732-00169655-00169883 requiring notification it sometimes
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00733-00169884-00170045 doesn't happen and they get a slap on
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00734-00170046-00170183 the wrist but go ahead I'm sorry well
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00735-00170184-00170333 and so one of the things that is even
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00736-00170334-00170554 crazier about what happened was that the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00737-00170555-00170849 the or the occupants of this property
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00738-00170850-00171035 apparently didn't really know what
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00739-00171036-00171190 potential contamination there might be
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00740-00171191-00171449 and so in our this is my this is getting
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00741-00171450-00171635 a little bit into the Weeds now but in
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00742-00171636-00172043 our laws
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00743-00172044-00172223 um there's you know all these
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00744-00172224-00172378 requirements for if it's this type of
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00745-00172379-00172528 contamination you have to contact this
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00746-00172529-00172757 agency within this time period And if
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00747-00172758-00172876 it's this contamination you have to
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00748-00172877-00173045 contact this agency within this time
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00749-00173046-00173302 period but if you don't know what kind
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00750-00173303-00173495 of contamination it is there's kind of
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00751-00173496-00173740 like not really a requirement so
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00752-00173741-00173926 um so anyway we developed some bills
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00753-00173927-00174071 around
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00754-00174072-00174269 um to fill in that Gap around
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00755-00174270-00174539 notification of to Eagle within 24 hours
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00756-00174540-00174833 and then we also realize we need a
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00757-00174834-00175013 Statewide database of what types of
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00758-00175014-00175175 contaminated properties there are along
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00759-00175176-00175361 our major waterways in the state of
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00760-00175362-00175469 Michigan you know where the Great Lakes
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00761-00175470-00175643 State we've got all of these former
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00762-00175644-00175937 industrial sites no one we basically we
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00763-00175938-00176164 have to rely on you know Eagle digging
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00764-00176165-00176404 up old files and then newspapers trying
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00765-00176405-00176602 to figure out whatever they had to to be
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00766-00176603-00176771 able to find out well what kind of
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00767-00176772-00176993 contamination is on this site right and
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00768-00176994-00177088 so that's something that the public
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00769-00177089-00177316 could not have access to we need to be
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00770-00177317-00177647 able to identify risk levels based on uh
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00771-00177648-00177863 you know what type of contamination how
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00772-00177864-00178025 long ago was the most recent inspection
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00773-00178026-00178228 we don't have a doc inspection
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00774-00178229-00178528 requirement in the state of Michigan and
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00775-00178529-00178745 so we just there's all of these things
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00776-00178746-00179026 that we're missing in our laws but also
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00777-00179027-00179285 our Regulators you know should have been
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00778-00179286-00179531 more on top of it as well so I think
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00779-00179532-00179788 that that just in terms and then now
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00780-00179789-00179969 we've kind of forgotten about this
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00781-00179970-00180257 because kovitz happened and then now
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00782-00180258-00180478 it's years later yet we still haven't
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00783-00180479-00180778 passed our our bills to get this done so
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00784-00180779-00180904 I think just what you're saying about
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00785-00180905-00181109 how we quickly move on to the next
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00786-00181110-00181361 Crisis we've forgotten about that and
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00787-00181362-00181697 then even before then we had worked on a
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00788-00181698-00181907 bunch of bills related to asbestos so
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00789-00181908-00182225 you may remember that there was this
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00790-00182226-00182416 during the time while still happening
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00791-00182417-00182614 there the city of Detroit was doing a
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00792-00182615-00182788 lot of demolitions
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00793-00182789-00182926 um they had to pay some money back in
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00794-00182927-00183193 school not later I'll tell you okay yeah
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00795-00183194-00183473 uh so I think it was on the contracts or
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00796-00183474-00183611 something but you're right they were
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00797-00183612-00183826 using they were using these contractors
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00798-00183827-00184007 that actually had prior criminal
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00799-00184008-00184319 convictions for violating environmental
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00800-00184320-00184547 laws and you're losing dirty like they
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00801-00184548-00184714 were putting filling the holes in yes
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00802-00184715-00184931 like with like stuff that had especially
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00803-00184932-00185243 contaminated soil
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00804-00185244-00185507 dual sentence Mike Duggan poisoned you
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00805-00185508-00185681 know the kids and then he endorsed him
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00806-00185682-00185873 in the next election you said that was a
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00807-00185874-00186028 poisoning scheme by Duggan that
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00808-00186029-00186202 contaminated soil and then you endorsed
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00809-00186203-00186269 it
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00810-00186270-00186449 so we want to get into specifics I'd be
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00811-00186450-00186635 happy to do that with you I'd be happy
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00812-00186636-00186851 to do it with you what's your name
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00813-00186852-00187085 I don't know you I asked your name for a
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00814-00187086-00187314 reason what's your name
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00815-00187315-00187933 okay uh so dude I blocked on Twitter
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00816-00187934-00188207 we're going to move on I'm happy I'm
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00817-00188208-00188393 happy to talk to you after the fact but
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00818-00188394-00188933 we're going to move on
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00819-00188934-00189113 pain in history she's never said a word
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00820-00189114-00189287 about it the bombing of the Nordstrom
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00821-00189288-00189509 pipeline view ten thousand dollars from
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00822-00189510-00189719 GTE these are your ecological Warriors
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00823-00189720-00189971 this is why people um this is why people
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00824-00189972-00190175 block you on Twitter but
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00825-00190176-00190331 no these are your ecological Warriors we
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00826-00190332-00190552 got 10 000 from DTE Chang we got to
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00827-00190553-00190673 leave doesn't care about the biggest
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00828-00190674-00190954 release of methane in history Hey Dean
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00829-00190955-00191321 we got after duels dug in poison
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00830-00191322-00191483 so I would love to if it's okay I'll
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00831-00191484-00191590 just finish what I was saying please
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00832-00191591-00191807 thank you so we had
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00833-00191808-00192052 um all of these asbestos violations over
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00834-00192053-00192209 the course of a couple years in the city
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00835-00192210-00192466 of Detroit and they were preventable
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00836-00192467-00192683 right like we could the there is more
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00837-00192684-00192790 regulation that could have been done
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00838-00192791-00193019 anyway we've kind of forgotten about
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00839-00193020-00193163 this but we still have bills that are
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00840-00193164-00193301 out there that I would hope that I'm
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00841-00193302-00193504 hoping we can get done this year
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00842-00193505-00193757 um but again there's so many crises when
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00843-00193758-00193925 it comes to environmental justice that
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00844-00193926-00194140 uh unless we take action right away then
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00845-00194141-00194278 the public sort of forgets about them
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00846-00194279-00194452 and then we move on to the next thing
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00847-00194453-00194554 and so I think it's really important
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00848-00194555-00194675 that folks who care about these things
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00849-00194676-00194902 or that experience the harm although in
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00850-00194903-00195101 the case of asbestos you know mesothelia
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00851-00195102-00195233 was not going to show up until sometimes
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00852-00195234-00195431 decades later so it's very concerning
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00853-00195432-00195557 that we're not going to know the full
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00854-00195558-00195785 ramifications of what happened until you
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00855-00195786-00196025 know decades from now yeah actually so
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00856-00196026-00196211 the next question I wanted to ask
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00857-00196212-00196528 is actually very apropos it's what
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00858-00196529-00196804 should activists know about the about
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00859-00196805-00196985 the legislative and in governmental
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00860-00196986-00197213 process so one of the things I I think
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00861-00197214-00197416 is really important to understand is
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00862-00197417-00197764 that in so many circumstances you get up
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00863-00197765-00197909 and you say we're going to take on X
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00864-00197910-00198040 problem
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00865-00198041-00198287 and you do you take on X problem and
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00866-00198288-00198431 then you realize that the process by
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00867-00198432-00198683 which you take on X problem is so much
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00868-00198684-00198875 more complex than you initially thought
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00869-00198876-00199138 it was and it is important for activists
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00870-00199139-00199300 and Advocates I have no doubt that the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00871-00199301-00199493 gentleman who is just here has the best
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00872-00199494-00199690 intentions and you know it's somebody
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00873-00199691-00199919 would probably agree with on 95 of
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00874-00199920-00200093 things the challenge though is actually
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00875-00200094-00200297 getting the work done and one of the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00876-00200298-00200428 things that I find very frustrating
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00877-00200429-00200699 about this moment in activism is that it
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00878-00200700-00200902 is very words are cheap right
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00879-00200903-00201173 particularly cheap now and so you can
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00880-00201174-00201335 you can publish whatever you want to
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00881-00201336-00201575 publish in the form of a tweet 240 280
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00882-00201576-00201773 characters right and say this ought to
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00883-00201774-00201947 be done but then the question becomes
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00884-00201948-00202078 okay so like what is the work of
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00885-00202079-00202223 actually getting that thing done how do
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00886-00202224-00202397 you actually put your nose to the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00887-00202398-00202661 grindstone to achieve that outcome and
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00888-00202662-00202907 the hard part is that usually you end up
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00889-00202908-00203099 having to work through the government
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00890-00203100-00203290 that exists in the space
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00891-00203291-00203483 and you may very well be the government
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00892-00203484-00203711 that exists in the space and you may say
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00893-00203712-00204028 we're going to address 95 to 99 of cases
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00894-00204029-00204202 and they're still going to be those one
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00895-00204203-00204449 percent of cases that still pop up so
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00896-00204450-00204635 you know I I one of the things I wanted
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00897-00204636-00204946 to ask you is what should activists know
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00898-00204948-00205181 about government right because we have a
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00899-00205182-00205312 lot of self-styled activists these days
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00900-00205313-00205510 what should they know about the work of
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00901-00205511-00205648 actually governing the work of actually
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00902-00205650-00205757 legislating the work of actually
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00903-00205758-00206008 enforcing on some of these challenges
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00904-00206009-00206279 I mean you know enforcement is really
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00905-00206280-00206482 critical here because even if Stephanie
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00906-00206483-00206710 Chang's bills pass how are they getting
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00907-00206711-00206957 enforced by the way there are laws right
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00908-00206958-00207166 now they're not perfect but those are
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00909-00207167-00207527 not even enforced uh so it is incredibly
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00910-00207528-00207701 important to understand like many of
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00911-00207702-00207916 these companies again that profit off of
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00912-00207917-00208169 these broken systems or the lack of
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00913-00208169-00208379 capacity for oversight and not paying
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00914-00208380-00208553 attention you know all these things
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00915-00208554-00208907 is resulting in you know these companies
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00916-00208908-00209116 basically budgeting for this is going to
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00917-00209117-00209321 be just the cost of doing business
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00918-00209321-00209525 the Department of Justice has been in my
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00919-00209526-00209819 district y'all they have filed you know
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00920-00209819-00210179 uh violations against them on behalf of
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00921-00210180-00210455 the EPA a number of them have entered in
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00922-00210456-00210694 consent decrees some of those consent
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00923-00210696-00210851 decrees haven't even been followed
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00924-00210852-00210965 through and they're on their second
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00925-00210966-00211205 consent decree the third consent decree
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00926-00211206-00211510 and again it results in just
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00927-00211511-00211805 just not enough for them to be fearful
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00928-00211806-00212110 that God if I if I don't follow my air
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00929-00212111-00212542 permit if I do this uh you know oh this
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00930-00212544-00212663 is just going to cost this amount of
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00931-00212664-00212842 money right it's it's just it's not
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00932-00212844-00213089 going to be feasible so even if we pass
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00933-00213090-00213346 these bills if enforcement is not
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00934-00213348-00213653 meaningful real and yes people don't
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00935-00213654-00213905 like when I say shut it down but like
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00936-00213906-00214175 there should be a threat uh of whether
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00937-00214176-00214306 or not you're going to follow law I'll
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00938-00214307-00214589 tell you my residents they get all kinds
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00939-00214590-00214751 of violations some of them get their
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00940-00214752-00214967 homes taken away from them for you know
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00941-00214967-00215260 all kinds of look so I think it seems
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00942-00215261-00215544 that we are always shy or always
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00943-00215546-00215896 hesitant to do enforcement in such a
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00944-00215898-00216101 very strong way when it comes to
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00945-00216102-00216313 multi-billion Dollar you know Industries
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00946-00216314-00216646 but it's critically important I used to
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00947-00216648-00216844 get excited as a state House member when
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00948-00216846-00217042 I heard the Department of Justice is in
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00949-00217044-00217246 there you know going up against U.S
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00950-00217248-00217421 steel which as a kid I would take
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00951-00217421-00217648 pictures of the smoke coming out and I'm
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00952-00217650-00217798 like oh my God and then I find out
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00953-00217800-00218044 that's like their fourth one
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00954-00218046-00218356 and the consent decree says they have to
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00955-00218357-00218531 do this or do that and oh my God if I
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00956-00218532-00218710 see one more that says plant trees I
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00957-00218711-00218969 love trees don't get me wrong but it's
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00958-00218969-00219106 just not enough
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00959-00219107-00219329 it's not enough because my residents
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00960-00219330-00219641 already breathed it in uh they're
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00961-00219642-00219803 they're literally quality of life is
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00962-00219804-00220013 impacted I don't know if you feel you
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00963-00220014-00220258 know or realize how dehumanizing it is
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00964-00220259-00220631 it is so incredibly dehumanizing to be
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00965-00220632-00220841 you know folks to tell well just get out
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00966-00220842-00221075 they have nowhere to go they can't
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00967-00221076-00221381 afford to go anywhere and so it is so
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00968-00221382-00221596 important that when we talk about this
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00969-00221598-00221860 and understanding legislative process is
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00970-00221861-00222106 I sometimes think is it really only
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00971-00222107-00222451 about new laws or is it about also
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00972-00222452-00222737 enforcement what is is it going to be
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00973-00222738-00222946 clawbacks is it going to be all these
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00974-00222948-00223091 days because some of these polluters
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00975-00223092-00223246 actually get subsidies from the federal
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00976-00223248-00223415 and state government
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00977-00223416-00223619 so it's almost like as a one resident
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00978-00223619-00223781 would say in the sacrifice zone of
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00979-00223782-00223937 482-17
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00980-00223938-00224225 oh this is permission to pollute we're
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00981-00224226-00224465 basically legalizing it saying it's okay
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00982-00224466-00224639 this is the way to do it
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00983-00224640-00224825 you know we're gonna we're gonna smack
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00984-00224826-00224987 your hand DT you're gonna have to pay
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00985-00224988-00225196 ninety thousand dollars DTE ninety
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00986-00225198-00225569 thousand dollars ain't okay so it
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00987-00225569-00225725 is something that again we need to be
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00988-00225726-00225965 thinking about as as many of uh state
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00989-00225966-00226127 house and state center members are here
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00990-00226128-00226348 think about those things that is what's
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00991-00226350-00226565 going to make it meaningful uh because
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00992-00226566-00226684 you can do all these things in
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00993-00226685-00226798 notification but if they're not
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00994-00226800-00226991 following through I promise you they're
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00995-00226992-00227123 just gonna wipe it out hire some
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00996-00227123-00227351 attorneys get rid of it and move on and
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00997-00227352-00227675 continue to violate uh uh the processes
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00998-00227676-00227896 and things and and impact our public
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-00999-00227898-00228106 health so you know in my work I sit on
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01000-00228107-00228365 the enforcement side of things and uh
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01001-00228366-00228719 you know it's interesting uh when when
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01002-00228719-00228910 we audited the demolitions program what
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01003-00228911-00229139 we looked at wasn't asbestos yeah and
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01004-00229140-00229294 contractors what we looked at was
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01005-00229296-00229681 fugitive dust and Lead after the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01006-00229682-00229931 demolitions and I did that you know sort
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01007-00229932-00230117 of I went rogue on that analysis we
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01008-00230117-00230339 showed what we showed yeah uh and
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01009-00230340-00230537 ultimately ended up leaving the the city
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01010-00230538-00230753 Administration and the truth is is that
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01011-00230754-00230921 they actually did fix the problem right
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01012-00230921-00231094 they really did rethink a lot of their
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01013-00231096-00231329 Contracting they really did uh make sure
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01014-00231330-00231503 contractors were our city it was
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01015-00231504-00231665 happening across everywhere but our
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01016-00231666-00231779 responsibility like my responsibility
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01017-00231780-00231994 was was Arsenal right
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01018-00231996-00232217 um the interesting thing is uh you know
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01019-00232217-00232360 on the back end
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01020-00232361-00232577 you do get to the point where then there
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01021-00232578-00232829 are other challenges and one of the hard
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01022-00232830-00232955 parts and I kind of want to flip this is
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01023-00232956-00233051 we've been talking quite a bit
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01024-00233052-00233201 implicitly about oversight and
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01025-00233202-00233392 Regulation and enforcement but the other
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01026-00233394-00233573 thing that we don't do very well in
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01027-00233573-00233789 public service in the United States in
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01028-00233790-00234071 general is to build so you know we've
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01029-00234071-00234281 got this amazing gift of arpa dollars
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01030-00234282-00234610 right and our County took 300 we got 339
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01031-00234611-00234844 million dollars to build stuff right to
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01032-00234846-00235108 actually do some really great things and
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01033-00235109-00235331 the hard part is so much of the way that
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01034-00235332-00235589 we've built government is so oversight
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01035-00235590-00235829 focused right on the notion that the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01036-00235830-00235948 assumption is that every government
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01037-00235950-00236242 dollar is subject to Fraud and Abuse so
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01038-00236244-00236392 we need to make sure that there is no
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01039-00236394-00236531 Fraud and Abuse we build all kinds of
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01040-00236532-00236692 infrastructure against protecting
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01041-00236694-00236794 against Fraud and Abuse and that's
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01042-00236796-00236969 that's an important thing to do but it
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01043-00236969-00237191 also makes it very very difficult to
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01044-00237192-00237394 actually use money right to actually
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01045-00237396-00237665 spend money to build stuff and so our
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01046-00237666-00237839 government isn't very good at building
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01047-00237840-00238067 things and so much of what we think
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01048-00238067-00238234 about now ought to be building you think
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01049-00238235-00238439 about where we're headed where with you
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01050-00238440-00238601 know the automotive transfer and whether
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01051-00238602-00238721 or not you think Automotive ought to be
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01052-00238721-00238894 our future right the idea that we're
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01053-00238896-00239075 moving to a cleaner version and I don't
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01054-00239076-00239225 want to say clean but a cleaner version
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01055-00239226-00239375 of Automotive transport is a good thing
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01056-00239376-00239519 but in order to be able to do that you
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01057-00239519-00239632 have to build a lot of stuff which means
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01058-00239633-00239771 government has to be able to both Grant
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01059-00239771-00239992 and has to be able to build a Novo and
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01060-00239994-00240155 so I wanted to ask you how you think
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01061-00240156-00240401 about that trade-off between regulation
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01062-00240402-00240731 and and spending right what is it that
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01063-00240732-00240953 we ought to be doing to invest more I
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01064-00240954-00241103 got my ideas I think one of the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01065-00241104-00241289 challenges is that you know folks who
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01066-00241290-00241517 oppose a lot of these goals will always
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01067-00241517-00241703 point at Fraud and Abuse and will always
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01068-00241704-00241865 go there because they know it makes it
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01069-00241866-00242021 harder for government to build stuff
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01070-00242021-00242146 right
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01071-00242148-00242284 um but I'd love to hear about how you're
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01072-00242285-00242429 thinking about it what does it take for
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01073-00242430-00242639 government to actually be able to build
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01074-00242640-00242806 right beyond the enforcement mechanism
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01075-00242807-00243005 to actually build to do the spending
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01076-00243006-00243431 part of what government ought to do
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01077-00243432-00243677 um so I think
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01078-00243678-00244163 a couple things one uh we as I say I'm
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01079-00244164-00244384 hoping that we are going to move towards
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01080-00244385-00244805 uh a system in which where where we so
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01081-00244806-00245123 okay so we're right now uh the state of
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01082-00245123-00245339 Michigan has been investing a lot of
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01083-00245340-00245855 money in uh EV you know manufacturing
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01084-00245856-00246046 um which is you know a big part of our
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01085-00246048-00246184 future
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01086-00246185-00246437 um and there are those of us who feel
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01087-00246438-00246587 really strongly that we need to make
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01088-00246588-00246779 sure that for future practice we
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01089-00246780-00247006 absolutely need to Club X were mentioned
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01090-00247007-00247319 earlier make sure that for folks who for
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01091-00247319-00247756 companies that are uh that are
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01092-00247757-00248098 doing this work if they are in violation
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01093-00248100-00248381 of environmental laws that we are
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01094-00248382-00248608 calling back money because we
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01095-00248609-00248915 I asked if we have done that and uh
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01096-00248916-00249094 apparently there are Provisions that are
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01097-00249096-00249258 very permissive but they don't require
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01098-00249259-00249503 our state to actually claw back that
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01099-00249504-00249610 money
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01100-00249611-00249719 um and that's something we absolutely
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01101-00249719-00249892 need to be doing and
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01102-00249894-00250175 uh you know both the congresswoman and I
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01103-00250176-00250355 uh
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01104-00250356-00250834 rep well used to represent a facility on
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01105-00250835-00251021 the east side of Detroit that has had
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01106-00251021-00251315 six violations over the course of you
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01107-00251316-00251615 know a year and a half uh that did
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01108-00251616-00251998 receive uh State taxpayer dollars uh
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01109-00252000-00252239 which was a program that I voted no on
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01110-00252240-00252598 uh when I was in the house
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01111-00252600-00252929 um but I but there was no Provisions in
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01112-00252930-00253277 place to call back that money and I'm
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01113-00253278-00253481 hopeful that we are learning from those
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01114-00253482-00253642 mistakes
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01115-00253644-00253979 um and you know in our current roles in
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01116-00253980-00254171 the legislature I know a number of us
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01117-00254171-00254321 are going to be pushing really hard to
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01118-00254321-00254494 make sure that whatever we are doing
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01119-00254496-00254777 going forward we incorporate that type
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01120-00254778-00254969 of accountability
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01121-00254969-00255232 um and uh you know I think one of the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01122-00255233-00255371 other things that hopefully the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01123-00255371-00255521 congresswoman will talk more about is
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01124-00255521-00255689 around Community benefits and really
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01125-00255690-00255934 making sure that uh whatever taxpayer
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01126-00255935-00256210 dollars we're spending especially
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01127-00256211-00256510 um on you know big projects in
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01128-00256511-00256667 communities that are really vulnerable
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01129-00256667-00256858 that we absolutely you know there's
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01130-00256859-00256996 models at the city level but at the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01131-00256998-00257146 state level we also should get
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01132-00257148-00257267 Innovative and make sure that we're
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01133-00257267-00257429 building in that type of language to
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01134-00257430-00257555 protect the communities that are right
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01135-00257556-00257837 around there but I also just think that
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01136-00257838-00257971 in general
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01137-00257971-00258277 not even just around how we're
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01138-00258278-00258556 incentivizing different projects just in
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01139-00258557-00258725 general I think that we need to be
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01140-00258726-00258994 bigger and Bolder period on a lot of our
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01141-00258996-00259253 laws because we know that our agencies
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01142-00259254-00259432 uh
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01143-00259433-00259763 although they might have authority to go
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01144-00259764-00260080 farther than they currently do they're
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01145-00260081-00260341 often unwilling to go there unless it's
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01146-00260342-00260621 written into the law
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01147-00260621-00260819 um and so you know I I love our
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01148-00260819-00260939 department of environment Great Lakes
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01149-00260940-00261173 and energy but they're not necessarily
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01150-00261173-00261358 going to be go out there and go further
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01151-00261359-00261725 than they're told to by the law uh which
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01152-00261726-00261875 you know I wish that they would do
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01153-00261876-00262156 sometimes a little bit more
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01154-00262157-00262379 um and there's lots of examples of that
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01155-00262380-00262589 but at the same time I also kind of
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01156-00262590-00262727 understand we have we need to push them
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01157-00262728-00263117 to do more uh uh as lawmakers but also I
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01158-00263118-00263423 think folks in the community also can
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01159-00263424-00263680 play a role in pushing departments to do
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01160-00263681-00264017 to be bolder to go a little bit further
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01161-00264018-00264275 than the law requires so I think all of
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01162-00264276-00264437 those things are super important and I
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01163-00264438-00264767 think especially on the enforcement side
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01164-00264768-00264887 um you know we've seen when public
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01165-00264888-00265079 pressure has worked I remember I think
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01166-00265080-00265349 the 2016. uh you know there's been
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01167-00265350-00265534 examples whether is Marathon or other
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01168-00265535-00265769 things that that we've been able to
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01169-00265770-00266165 force change in part most you know due
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01170-00266166-00266358 to the organizing in the community
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01171-00266359-00266584 but I think that we need to just keep
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01172-00266585-00266837 that going and also I think it's our job
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01173-00266838-00267005 as elected officials also to make sure
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01174-00267006-00267143 that we're sharing information and
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01175-00267144-00267443 getting folks engaged when these types
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01176-00267444-00267689 of issues are going on yeah I mean I
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01177-00267690-00267934 think oversight is important okay but as
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01178-00267935-00268073 much as the government can be as
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01179-00268074-00268282 transparent as possible what I mean by
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01180-00268283-00268432 that is some of the things that you've
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01181-00268433-00268643 already seen there was a hearing if it
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01182-00268644-00268858 was transparency and the request
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01183-00268859-00268960 proposals out there and everything
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01184-00268961-00269182 because there is sometimes this
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01185-00269183-00269423 perception that's all public it is
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01186-00269424-00269632 public money but there are so many
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01187-00269633-00269837 private entities and private Contracting
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01188-00269838-00270071 out that's where the abuse comes in and
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01189-00270072-00270215 we've seen it over and over again across
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01190-00270216-00270497 the country and so it is important as
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01191-00270498-00270653 much as possible to include transparency
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01192-00270654-00270791 because like for instance Detroit got
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01193-00270792-00271055 over 800 million dollars right in arpa a
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01194-00271056-00271241 lot more than the county did
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01195-00271242-00271432 there is still a lack of transparency
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01196-00271433-00271643 where is that money going what is it
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01197-00271644-00271810 being invested in my residents don't
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01198-00271811-00272051 want the sexy name of like housing
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01199-00272052-00272189 whatever you know they give them a big
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01200-00272190-00272321 name and they'll have a press conference
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01201-00272322-00272567 on it but for them it's like where is it
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01202-00272568-00272705 getting implemented which neighborhood
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01203-00272706-00272860 is it going in what is it going to
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01204-00272861-00273017 produce they actually would want to know
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01205-00273018-00273232 is this like 10 houses and what's the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01206-00273233-00273341 record you know
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01207-00273342-00273682 so for me it has to be a balance but I I
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01208-00273683-00273910 promise if that's embedded I really
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01209-00273911-00274121 truly this is my if it's embedded into
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01210-00274122-00274384 the process then you won't have to
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01211-00274385-00274517 invest so much you know some people are
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01212-00274518-00274721 behind on this oversight and they get in
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01213-00274722-00274871 trouble because there isn't that checks
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01214-00274872-00275158 and balances of these private entities
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01215-00275159-00275339 are coming in or because we're pro we're
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01216-00275340-00275477 out there like
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01217-00275478-00275675 you know I give unemployment agent our
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01218-00275676-00275879 employment agency and our con in the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01219-00275880-00276113 state of Michigan is is really suffered
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01220-00276114-00276395 because before they pushed out and
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01221-00276396-00276629 privatized and we ended up I mean you
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01222-00276630-00276856 saw that right but I mean
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01223-00276857-00277091 even then I don't think we have the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01224-00277092-00277229 checks about because your question to me
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01225-00277230-00277439 sounded more about I want to be able to
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01226-00277440-00277558 go do all these things but I feel like
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01227-00277559-00277691 I'm being held back because I got to do
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01228-00277692-00277877 all this oversight and transparency
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01229-00277878-00278027 which I think is critically important
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01230-00278028-00278177 government's supposed to be about people
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01231-00278178-00278339 they need to know what's going on
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01232-00278340-00278597 instead we I feel like folks are like
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01233-00278598-00278825 distrusted get it going but but
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01234-00278826-00278993 especially when there's that much of a
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01235-00278994-00279275 heavy hand in privatizing and and
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01236-00279276-00279532 Contracting out it could be a balance
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01237-00279533-00279689 but if it's so much the point we're
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01238-00279690-00279827 going to be in that situation where
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01239-00279828-00279989 they're putting
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01240-00279990-00280289 you know uh dirt in in the ground in a
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01241-00280290-00280510 community by a park in a school that is
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01242-00280511-00280684 going to hurt the community is hurting
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01243-00280685-00280877 the community so implicit in your
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01244-00280878-00281069 response which I appreciate it and I
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01245-00281070-00281291 agree with you is that actually we have
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01246-00281292-00281453 so given up
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01247-00281454-00281689 in government on building as government
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01248-00281690-00281939 that everything is implied Contracting
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01249-00281940-00282119 you know what I'm saying like we've
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01250-00282120-00282305 privatized so much of what government
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01251-00282306-00282551 actually does that it's implicit that
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01252-00282552-00282689 you're talking about contracts going out
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01253-00282690-00282934 to private companies it used to be a
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01254-00282935-00283079 time right where government actually
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01255-00283080-00283241 built stuff like actually government
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01256-00283242-00283510 right not not Government Contracting to
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01257-00283511-00283673 subcontractors to build stuff I'm
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01258-00283674-00283780 talking about government actually
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01259-00283781-00283967 building stuff and the point that you're
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01260-00283968-00284087 making right is you're absolutely right
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01261-00284088-00284249 I'm not saying oversight is not good I
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01262-00284250-00284393 think it's really important but it's
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01263-00284394-00284549 particularly important when you end up
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01264-00284550-00284849 having private interests benefiting from
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01265-00284850-00285203 public money but that's in part assuming
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01266-00285204-00285430 that government will never get back to a
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01267-00285431-00285682 world where government itself built do
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01268-00285683-00285827 you see what I'm saying and that's the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01269-00285828-00286055 thing that like I I I I I hope that
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01270-00286056-00286217 someday we can get back to I think we
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01271-00286218-00286337 would have gotten closer to it if we
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01272-00286338-00286523 passed Bill back better but we can uh
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01273-00286524-00286637 yeah I think we all agree on that one
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01274-00286638-00286913 maybe not our friend but
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01275-00286914-00287195 um I want to um I wanna I wanna move to
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01276-00287196-00287387 ask a question we we've talked a little
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01277-00287388-00287501 bit about
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01278-00287502-00287632 um about some of these big picture
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01279-00287633-00287819 questions what are the issues that
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01280-00287820-00287945 you're paying attention to right now
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01281-00287946-00288071 whether it's at the state or the federal
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01282-00288072-00288184 level
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01283-00288185-00288305 um that you're particularly worried
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01284-00288306-00288521 about that um you're hoping to to work
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01285-00288522-00288832 on action for
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01286-00288833-00288982 um so we kind of mentioned water
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01287-00288983-00289223 affordability earlier
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01288-00289224-00289487 um 2023 is going to be the year that we
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01289-00289488-00289613 get something done at the state level
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01290-00289614-00289841 around water affordability
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01291-00289842-00290147 um it has been a really long time
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01292-00290148-00290387 um but I am hopeful that we can get this
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01293-00290388-00290579 done um so
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01294-00290580-00290771 um so for folks that are maybe less
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01295-00290772-00291005 familiar this is uh this is a giant
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01296-00291006-00291221 issue it has been a crisis for a long
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01297-00291222-00291467 time but I think that covid actually
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01298-00291468-00291791 really highlighted even more uh people
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01299-00291792-00291995 got it more like oh yes you actually
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01300-00291996-00292271 need running water to wash your hands
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01301-00292272-00292505 with soap and water during a pandemic
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01302-00292506-00292697 and people don't have access to drinking
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01303-00292698-00292777 water
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01304-00292778-00293075 because they can't afford their water
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01305-00293076-00293249 bills and I also think that you know
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01306-00293250-00293399 there's been reported after a report
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01307-00293400-00293632 including from U of M and MSU and others
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01308-00293633-00293839 that have shown that
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01309-00293840-00294106 increasingly water rates are going to
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01310-00294107-00294341 become more unaffordable for Michigan
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01311-00294342-00294580 families and so I think that we're at
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01312-00294581-00294725 the moment right now where there's just
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01313-00294726-00294899 more awareness about decision than ever
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01314-00294900-00295084 before
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01315-00295085-00295397 um and there's been an evolution in
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01316-00295398-00295708 terms of what uh what folks are willing
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01317-00295709-00295967 to do and so I'm you know whether it's
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01318-00295968-00296206 you know they're you know lots of
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01319-00296207-00296375 critiques of different programs that are
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01320-00296376-00296591 out there but there's programs that are
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01321-00296592-00296753 out there right now
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01322-00296754-00297053 um to get at uh water rates that are
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01323-00297054-00297221 based on household income so I think
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01324-00297222-00297497 that there are a lot of things that we
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01325-00297498-00297793 can do so right now my team has been
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01326-00297794-00298132 starting can could the convenings of
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01327-00298133-00298463 sort of a really large work group of uh
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01328-00298464-00298721 environmental Advocates water Advocates
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01329-00298722-00299021 the water providers themselves uh
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01330-00299022-00299303 Michigan Municipal league and then the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01331-00299304-00299423 Department of Health and Human Services
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01332-00299424-00299669 at Eagle and probably forgetting there's
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01333-00299670-00299963 a number of folks involved where I'm
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01334-00299964-00300143 hoping that we can take all of the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01335-00300144-00300269 different proposals that are out there
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01336-00300270-00300508 and come to some consensus and get
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01337-00300509-00300725 something done by the end of the year we
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01338-00300726-00300910 really honestly just we have to
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01339-00300911-00301147 um this is going to get worse
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01340-00301148-00301553 unless we take action soon so I'm hoping
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01341-00301554-00301721 that we can build some infrastructure at
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01342-00301722-00301967 the state level that basically ensures
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01343-00301968-00302087 that we have a water affordability
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01344-00302088-00302321 program at the state level unless a
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01345-00302322-00302608 local water utility has something on
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01346-00302609-00302758 their own as long as it meets certain
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01347-00302759-00302975 standards and then of course providing
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01348-00302976-00303130 funding for all of these things and all
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01349-00303131-00303467 of that you know related to this issue
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01350-00303468-00303665 of water infrastructure which is like a
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01351-00303666-00303977 whole other our conversation but
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01352-00303978-00304127 um there's there's a lot that we need to
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01353-00304128-00304319 do but water affordability is really
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01354-00304320-00304577 high on the list for me that is a round
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01355-00304578-00304967 of applause in my book so thank you
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01356-00304968-00305260 so uh I'm hoping when the water becomes
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01357-00305261-00305491 affordable it's water that's clean
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01358-00305492-00305801 we know our folks are paying for I think
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01359-00305802-00306089 the the rate of water increased by 400
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01360-00306090-00306365 percent across the country and it's also
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01361-00306366-00306713 dirty water uh and no really and so you
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01362-00306714-00306977 know I'm school of thought uh children
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01363-00306978-00307199 uh can't Thrive they can't learn if
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01364-00307200-00307421 they're taking in these kinds of poisons
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01365-00307422-00307601 is impacting their brain development so
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01366-00307602-00307715 much more I think we're going to learn
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01367-00307716-00307979 more and more about plastics pfas it's
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01368-00307980-00308171 not just lead anymore it's not just lead
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01369-00308172-00308482 anymore it's uh you know I've read up to
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01370-00308483-00308758 12 contaminants in some cases so it's
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01371-00308759-00308891 really important so I started the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01372-00308892-00309184 bipartisan get the let out caucus this
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01373-00309185-00309371 is you know again pushing my colleagues
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01374-00309372-00309545 that we got to get to 60 billion dollars
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01375-00309546-00309760 that is needed right now of what is
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01376-00309761-00309971 identified as needing complete
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01377-00309972-00310073 replacement you know the federal
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01378-00310074-00310234 government was in the business of
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01379-00310235-00310415 allowing partial replacement of lines
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01380-00310416-00310751 and we're saying no more Gotti actually
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01381-00310752-00310949 nine Republicans support me on a carve
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01382-00310950-00311189 out amendment to carve out like complete
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01383-00311190-00311410 full replacement so I know there's
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01384-00311411-00311573 interest and there's a pathway here and
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01385-00311574-00311771 I think again you can go anywhere in the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01386-00311772-00311939 state of Michigan or anywhere really and
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01387-00311940-00312137 people say this is a this is important
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01388-00312138-00312287 we should do something about it and this
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01389-00312288-00312497 is something that they want to see their
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01390-00312498-00312725 government investing in be much more
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01391-00312726-00312856 aggressive in moving with the urgency
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01392-00312857-00313054 the other really important thing is
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01393-00313055-00313169 there you know there's a really
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01394-00313170-00313289 important Bell because we talked about
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01395-00313290-00313408 enforcement a lot it's called
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01396-00313409-00313571 environmental justice for all
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01397-00313572-00313751 environmental justice for all Raul
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01398-00313752-00313937 garava who really LED this effort before
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01399-00313938-00314177 I got into Congress and you know I came
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01400-00314178-00314297 in there like I got to do something
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01401-00314298-00314477 about air permitting commuter live
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01402-00314478-00314663 impact analysis looking at all the per
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01403-00314664-00314860 all the all the pollutants collectively
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01404-00314861-00315077 around uh where you know if there's one
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01405-00315078-00315334 uh plant X is applying for this and
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01406-00315335-00315473 they're outputting this but what about
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01407-00315474-00315719 you know X Y you know about the other
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01408-00315720-00315910 ones around there and collectively what
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01409-00315911-00316223 does that mean and again having
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01410-00316224-00316432 um you know much more I think you know
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01411-00316433-00316637 Public Health focus of what it means to
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01412-00316638-00316841 to get a grant that air permit in that
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01413-00316842-00317027 community and the communal impact
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01414-00317028-00317182 analysis bill is in there but what I
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01415-00317183-00317327 love about environmental justice for all
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01416-00317328-00317471 is enforcement is in there there's
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01417-00317472-00317723 liability private action I mean things
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01418-00317724-00317951 that would actually make them do what
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01419-00317952-00318125 they're supposed to do double checking
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01420-00318126-00318304 everything people don't realize like
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01421-00318305-00318545 they were required for instance uh you
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01422-00318546-00318701 know one of the big threes it was
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01423-00318702-00318941 stellantis on the east side was required
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01424-00318942-00319169 to put some mitigation in you know they
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01425-00319170-00319547 imp they actually put it in incorrectly
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01426-00319548-00319721 and we didn't know for seven eight
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01427-00319722-00319843 months
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01428-00319844-00320110 and they still I don't think they fixed
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01429-00320111-00320189 it yet
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01430-00320190-00320339 and we're sitting I don't think they're
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01431-00320340-00320465 working out but I don't they haven't
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01432-00320466-00320687 fixed it right we're sitting here and
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01433-00320688-00320884 they're supposed to do this
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01434-00320885-00321106 I'm sorry but if it was some a little
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01435-00321107-00321269 recall on the car they would move
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01436-00321270-00321406 quicker
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01437-00321407-00321575 and it's just nothing so you know
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01438-00321576-00321737 environmental justice for all gets to
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01439-00321738-00321971 the core because I think Raul did was
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01440-00321972-00322103 very good he went around the country
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01441-00322104-00322319 came to to Michigan a number of times
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01442-00322320-00322506 listened to the residents who said
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01443-00322507-00322703 enforcement enforcement enforcement
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01444-00322704-00322937 we've tried the consent decrees it's not
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01445-00322938-00323075 working we tried the public hearings
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01446-00323076-00323284 it's not working we tried the fines
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01447-00323285-00323567 don't work I mean so what can we do and
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01448-00323568-00323723 so this is something really important so
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01449-00323724-00323975 these are two things that I think uh you
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01450-00323976-00324154 know would be really great to move very
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01451-00324155-00324347 closely on and again I think there's
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01452-00324348-00324521 enough support outside of Congress to
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01453-00324522-00324725 have organizers and people pushing from
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01454-00324726-00324941 outside in to get them to pay attention
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01455-00324942-00325115 to it now we're going to move to
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01456-00325116-00325247 questions I want to ask one last thing
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01457-00325248-00325429 before we get to questions
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01458-00325430-00325679 the environment in which we talk about
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01459-00325680-00325858 environmental justice the environment
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01460-00325859-00326045 that disproportionately bears down on
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01461-00326046-00326267 black and brown folks low-income folks
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01462-00326268-00326632 in our country isn't just the air in the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01463-00326633-00326873 water and that that sort of table Stakes
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01464-00326874-00327149 it's also walkability it's also access
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01465-00327150-00327497 to basic Commerce it's also uh a
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01466-00327498-00327775 communal stability and housing
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01467-00327776-00328025 how do we need to rethink the way we
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01468-00328026-00328163 talk about environmental justice to
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01469-00328164-00328337 include all of that not just the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01470-00328338-00328523 physical environment but the the social
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01471-00328524-00328721 and the legal and the policy in the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01472-00328722-00328937 commercial environment as well
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01473-00328938-00329165 yeah so really good question I mean I
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01474-00329166-00329447 think that uh for a number of us it's
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01475-00329448-00329632 about talking about really just what is
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01476-00329633-00329819 the human impact and also linking things
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01477-00329820-00330101 to Public Health and really making the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01478-00330102-00330317 case for you know people might not
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01479-00330318-00330521 understand sort of like the broader
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01480-00330522-00330869 bigger uh Environmental
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01481-00330870-00331037 thing but if you break it down and say
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01482-00331038-00331295 this is how it's going to impact you
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01483-00331296-00331630 um I mean on the east side When people's
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01484-00331631-00331877 basements got flooded and then they had
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01485-00331878-00332147 raw sewage in their basement and then
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01486-00332148-00332315 they had like to take all their
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01487-00332316-00332458 belongings out on the curb and have it
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01488-00332459-00332753 sit there for a while I mean then people
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01489-00332754-00332921 were like let's have a conversation
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01490-00332922-00333179 about climate change right and so
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01491-00333180-00333395 um and then now I feel like one of the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01492-00333396-00333593 big areas where there's a lot of
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01493-00333594-00333784 interest that I'm hoping that we can
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01494-00333785-00333982 continue to weave this together is the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01495-00333983-00334193 connection between housing and
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01496-00334194-00334451 weatherizing our homes
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01497-00334452-00334697 um and like just basic home repairs
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01498-00334698-00334979 right for some of our older homes where
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01499-00334980-00335134 they don't qualify yet for
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01500-00335135-00335284 weatherization programs because they
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01501-00335285-00335482 have like a roof that's falling apart or
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01502-00335483-00335627 they have lead in their house you know
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01503-00335628-00335758 they have to deal with that stuff before
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01504-00335759-00335891 they can even deal with any of the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01505-00335892-00336082 Energy Efficiency
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01506-00336083-00336401 um and but it's being able to talk to
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01507-00336402-00336569 people about
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01508-00336570-00336821 um this is about climate change but it's
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01509-00336822-00337030 also about lowering your utility bill
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01510-00337031-00337367 it's about fixing your roof and making
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01511-00337368-00337667 sure that you have a healthy safe home
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01512-00337668-00337895 to live in so I think like really
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01513-00337896-00338063 boiling it down to the basics for people
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01514-00338064-00338273 is super important because that's why
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01515-00338274-00338458 you know and more and more I feel like
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01516-00338459-00338663 there's unfortunately because climate
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01517-00338664-00338927 change is very much happening uh there's
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01518-00338928-00339160 more and more examples whether it's you
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01519-00339161-00339299 know the folks that were without power
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01520-00339300-00339521 for a week or the flooding in their
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01521-00339522-00339784 basement or you know the tree you know
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01522-00339785-00339977 just all of these different things more
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01523-00339978-00340193 and more people get it and I think more
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01524-00340194-00340451 and more people are outraged and so
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01525-00340452-00340613 we've got to make all of those
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01526-00340614-00340829 connections though between all of those
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01527-00340830-00340930 different issues so that we're not
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01528-00340931-00341063 working in silos
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01529-00341064-00341284 I mean I I think you guys know where I
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01530-00341285-00341669 stand on um Bill back better and kind of
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01531-00341670-00341860 what went down and I want to go too much
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01532-00341861-00342160 detail on it but just know the the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01533-00342161-00342358 so-called bipartisan infrastructure bill
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01534-00342359-00342515 was part of buildback better it was one
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01535-00342516-00342617 package
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01536-00342618-00342977 and it was separated out uh it's like
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01537-00342978-00343223 they wanted to put you know electric
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01538-00343224-00343475 vehicle like charging stations but then
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01539-00343476-00343630 they didn't want to do the rebates to
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01540-00343631-00343769 actually get them off the line into
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01541-00343770-00343930 people's driveway the affordability of
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01542-00343931-00344189 it right so that regular folks can have
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01543-00344190-00344404 access to it the number of the climate
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01544-00344405-00344530 Progressive
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01545-00344531-00344765 policies were in buildback better the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01546-00344766-00344932 housing I mean
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01547-00344933-00345154 as my good colleague from California
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01548-00345155-00345389 Maxine Waters always says housing is
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01549-00345390-00345653 infrastructure why isn't housing part of
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01550-00345654-00345845 the bipartisan infrastructure Bill and
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01551-00345846-00346043 so it was really a false narrative out
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01552-00346044-00346330 there that somehow you know saying okay
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01553-00346331-00346517 we deserve safe roads and bridges but we
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01554-00346518-00346732 don't deserve clean air or clean water
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01555-00346733-00346979 because there was extra actually dollars
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01556-00346980-00347147 in build back better that would have got
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01557-00347148-00347423 our state I think a lot I mean we would
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01558-00347424-00347584 have made a huge debt in our state in
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01559-00347585-00347734 regards to getting Lead Out of Water and
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01560-00347735-00347830 so
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01561-00347831-00348004 you know it is important to understand
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01562-00348005-00348293 and you know folks like myself who you
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01563-00348294-00348460 know are tired of the trinkets of just a
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01564-00348461-00348634 little bit a little bit I mean every
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01565-00348635-00348839 time we do that it sets us back because
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01566-00348840-00349013 when they made that one action then they
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01567-00349014-00349156 we haven't heard about Bill back better
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01568-00349157-00349282 since
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01569-00349283-00349391 you know people are like we're going to
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01570-00349392-00349679 work on it later when spent
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01571-00349680-00350039 months on it months and everywhere I
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01572-00350040-00350201 went it was the first time I've ever
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01573-00350202-00350375 seen I told us the president this is the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01574-00350376-00350549 first time I've ever seen folks working
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01575-00350550-00350723 on child care in the same room of folks
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01576-00350724-00350830 working on climate in the same room
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01577-00350831-00351023 working on housing the same room they
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01578-00351024-00351203 were I've never seen anything like it it
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01579-00351204-00351456 was remarkable to see and I was excited
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01580-00351457-00351910 and then at the last end we allowed you
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01581-00351911-00352103 know a handful of folks that you know
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01582-00352104-00352241 have been bought and paid for in their
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01583-00352242-00352480 sellouts I'll call them that and they
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01584-00352481-00352745 pretty much sold us out and put that all
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01585-00352746-00352978 aside and those were the important
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01586-00352979-00353141 things I think would have
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01587-00353142-00353482 you know brought those things together
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01588-00353483-00353734 all right so we have some questions uh
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01589-00353735-00354047 from folks in the audience and I believe
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01590-00354048-00354304 Molly is going to read them out for us
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01591-00354305-00354503 thank you both so much so I've got some
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01592-00354504-00354682 questions here from the room and also
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01593-00354683-00354880 from online given the conversation you
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01594-00354881-00355073 were just having uh we've had a few
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01595-00355074-00355289 questions about sort of city and
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01596-00355290-00355445 Municipal level policies I'm going to
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01597-00355446-00355601 try and boil them down a little bit so
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01598-00355602-00355817 local policies like housing as you were
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01599-00355818-00355984 just talking about zoning and land use
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01600-00355985-00356201 and transportation and especially public
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01601-00356202-00356441 transportation are critical for reducing
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01602-00356442-00356603 emissions minimizing destruction of
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01603-00356604-00356908 natural areas and also for remedying our
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01604-00356909-00357095 long history of racist housing policy
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01605-00357096-00357317 but it can be difficult to make these
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01606-00357318-00357617 changes on a city by City level so what
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01607-00357618-00357856 are leaders able to do on the state or
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01608-00357857-00358108 the federal level to encourage these
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01609-00358109-00358258 kinds of zoning and land use changes and
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01610-00358259-00358517 transportation plan uh changes that can
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01611-00358518-00358673 address environmental justice and also
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01612-00358674-00358930 racial Justice issues
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01613-00358931-00359080 I mean you know for me at the federal
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01614-00359081-00359197 government
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01615-00359198-00359506 the money really has the leverage to get
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01616-00359507-00359723 I mean if you think about how we were
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01617-00359724-00359891 able to push some of the Civil Rights
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01618-00359892-00360125 measures is we said you want this that's
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01619-00360126-00360328 fine but you got to desegregate you know
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01620-00360329-00360515 what I mean like so the leverage that we
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01621-00360516-00360730 can have with the funding is really
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01622-00360731-00360863 important and you know you hear my
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01623-00360864-00360982 colleagues we have really good
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01624-00360983-00361247 thoughtful uh public you know committee
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01625-00361248-00361487 hearings about this of we're going to
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01626-00361488-00361793 push this forward but you know what are
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01627-00361794-00361943 some of the requirements that we should
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01628-00361944-00362106 maybe have in there just just again
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01629-00362107-00362399 incentivizing moving so you get a little
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01630-00362400-00362549 bit more if you're going to move towards
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01631-00362550-00362873 this you know policy or if you're going
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01632-00362874-00363089 to focus on Frontline communities then
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01633-00363090-00363245 you should get a bump up or whatever it
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01634-00363246-00363587 is but again pushing again this idea I
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01635-00363588-00363767 think President Biden is constantly
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01636-00363768-00364054 pushing it around Equity but we can
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01637-00364055-00364313 legislate Equity by using again the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01638-00364314-00364456 funding that comes in the majority of
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01639-00364457-00364582 things that are being done in many
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01640-00364583-00364745 municipalities
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01641-00364746-00364930 is brought in by the federal even though
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01642-00364931-00365158 it goes through the state it is much of
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01643-00365159-00365351 its Federal especially on housing and
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01644-00365352-00365617 around development and things like that
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01645-00365618-00365927 but it is important I mean
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01646-00365928-00366095 it isn't perfect I'll tell you you know
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01647-00366096-00366256 there's cases like the opportunity Zone
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01648-00366257-00366443 which I'm not going to go into that was
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01649-00366444-00366701 supposed to help pour communities and
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01650-00366702-00366856 those census tracts and of course that
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01651-00366857-00367078 gets hijacked by the billionaires and of
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01652-00367079-00367210 course nobody does anything I'm like go
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01653-00367211-00367397 get our money back
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01654-00367398-00367739 um but that's the way you can do it but
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01655-00367740-00367919 we got to enforce it and make sure
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01656-00367920-00368141 nobody comes in and tries to
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01657-00368142-00368393 tell you
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01658-00368394-00368578 um just echoing the sentiment about the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01659-00368579-00368806 money right it follows the money
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01660-00368807-00368932 um
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01661-00368933-00369113 you know whether it's transit or
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01662-00369114-00369245 anything else I feel like we've got a
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01663-00369246-00369406 we've gotta do better in terms of
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01664-00369407-00369671 tracking it and then also uh making sure
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01665-00369672-00369863 it's going to where it should go and
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01666-00369864-00370115 then building in requirements directing
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01667-00370116-00370306 the money to where it needs to go and
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01668-00370307-00370577 and you know really prioritizing
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01669-00370578-00370732 um EJ communities I think one other
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01670-00370733-00371003 thing that I we I think the person asked
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01671-00371004-00371237 about land use
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01672-00371238-00371477 um you know I think that we're starting
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01673-00371478-00371704 to see more and more cities starting to
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01674-00371705-00371897 think about this question around land
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01675-00371898-00372125 use and how it connects to like climate
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01676-00372126-00372323 resilience and all these things
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01677-00372324-00372467 um one of the things that I would love
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01678-00372468-00372558 to see
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01679-00372559-00372949 uh is some type of State policy around
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01680-00372950-00373204 incentivizing local communities or
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01681-00373205-00373378 giving grants to communities to come up
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01682-00373379-00373606 with climate resilience plans that you
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01683-00373607-00373739 know tie in all of these different
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01684-00373740-00373954 things that we're talking about I know
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01685-00373955-00374243 there's been some there's been some some
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01686-00374244-00374477 of this happening uh but we should be
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01687-00374478-00374603 doing a lot more
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01688-00374604-00374699 um because I don't really think there's
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01689-00374700-00374891 that many last time I checked anyway
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01690-00374892-00375058 less last time I asked there were not
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01691-00375059-00375239 that many cities or communities in the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01692-00375240-00375460 state of Michigan that have any type of
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01693-00375461-00375599 sustainability plan or climate
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01694-00375600-00375803 resilience plan and certainly not very
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01695-00375804-00375982 many when you know taking into
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01696-00375983-00376228 consideration land use so I'm a little
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01697-00376229-00376534 bit we can maybe move in that direction
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01698-00376535-00376656 great
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01699-00376657-00376919 so how do you find the balance between
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01700-00376920-00377099 fighting for the policies that bring
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01701-00377100-00377230 Justice and Equity to Frontline
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01702-00377231-00377465 communities and the policies that you
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01703-00377466-00377753 can feasibly pass and enforce
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01704-00377754-00378053 it's so hard for me
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01705-00378054-00378221 I mean I you know you know like I
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01706-00378222-00378497 supported the inflation reduction act
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01707-00378498-00378737 um because I I did feel like there was
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01708-00378738-00378947 direct Community engagement
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01709-00378948-00379169 I feel you know one of the ways I
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01710-00379170-00379373 balance it is you know we have this uh
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01711-00379374-00379523 we have a number of work groups in my
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01712-00379524-00379739 district we check in with them even when
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01713-00379740-00379943 National groups call me I was like well
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01714-00379944-00380117 I got to call United Community Housing
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01715-00380118-00380303 Coalition in my district was a member of
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01716-00380304-00380506 that national network just to get to
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01717-00380507-00380632 understand what's going on in the ground
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01718-00380633-00380884 is I balance it by working with them and
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01719-00380885-00381077 making sure they're directly involved
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01720-00381078-00381395 and get to that point of a possible yes
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01721-00381396-00381671 but uh you know it is it has really been
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01722-00381672-00381958 very difficult I'll tell you though you
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01723-00381959-00382084 know I don't want to wait for another
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01724-00382085-00382301 like we already have so many communities
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01725-00382302-00382541 that experience what Flint has and it's
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01726-00382542-00382751 like well how much more you know how
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01727-00382752-00382967 much more do we continue to wait to say
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01728-00382968-00383230 we have to we have to move quick or we
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01729-00383231-00383404 can't budge on this it has to be 60
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01730-00383405-00383608 billion like why are we you know I think
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01731-00383609-00383908 they only put 20 or 25 in the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01732-00383909-00384143 infrastructure bill which doesn't go far
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01733-00384144-00384382 along we got very little in Michigan and
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01734-00384383-00384628 so it is really important
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01735-00384629-00384719 um
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01736-00384720-00385001 to stay grounded with the community and
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01737-00385002-00385241 move with them that always helps me get
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01738-00385242-00385445 to the point of feeling okay as long as
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01739-00385446-00385637 we're working together to get that point
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01740-00385638-00385858 but it is hard there's some things I'm
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01741-00385859-00386080 just not you know we're just we as a
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01742-00386081-00386237 community we look at we just like well
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01743-00386238-00386519 we did that last time you know and and
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01744-00386520-00386693 as long as we have that to back us up
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01745-00386694-00386891 like we did that that approach last time
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01746-00386892-00387077 it didn't work so this is why we're
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01747-00387078-00387287 we're going to be a no here and we're
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01748-00387288-00387454 going to say look we tried it in our
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01749-00387455-00387658 backyard it didn't work we got to push
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01750-00387659-00388006 for a more aggressive you know policy
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01751-00388007-00388217 so I've served in the minority for eight
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01752-00388218-00388493 years uh and none of my environmental
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01753-00388494-00388660 related bills went anywhere except for
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01754-00388661-00388804 my asbestos bills which made it like
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01755-00388805-00389063 half of the way through so I haven't yet
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01756-00389064-00389410 been in a position to be able uh to uh
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01757-00389411-00389591 but I'm hopeful that you know we're in a
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01758-00389592-00389795 New Year we're in a new legislature uh
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01759-00389796-00389987 we'll have many more opportunities to
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01760-00389988-00390323 figure out that balance uh so but we
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01761-00390324-00390478 gotta we gotta get there first let me
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01762-00390479-00390617 put in a word for uh local government
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01763-00390618-00390851 here so the the nice thing about working
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01764-00390852-00391049 locally is that you have a very defined
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01765-00391050-00391199 scope right it's not the 10 million
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01766-00391200-00391432 people who live in Michigan it's not the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01767-00391433-00391582 350 million people who live in the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01768-00391583-00391727 United States it's the 1.8 million
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01769-00391728-00391889 people who live in Wayne County and
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01770-00391890-00392134 about border is very clear
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01771-00392135-00392351 um and one of the things that I find
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01772-00392352-00392639 really gratifying is that if you can get
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01773-00392640-00392801 a thing done at a local level because
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01774-00392802-00392951 the politics aren't as Fierce because
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01775-00392952-00393167 the public interest is not as cute I
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01776-00393168-00393317 mean the private interest is not as huge
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01777-00393318-00393503 you can always tell the story in The
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01778-00393504-00393682 Narrative of what was done at the local
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01779-00393683-00393856 level a lot of what I found you know
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01780-00393857-00394073 when I ran for office was everybody said
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01781-00394074-00394337 you can't do it right and I'd be sitting
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01782-00394338-00394439 there I mean I remember Healthcare
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01783-00394440-00394582 conversations with folks who didn't know
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01784-00394583-00394769 that much about health care I mean like
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01785-00394770-00394943 it's impossible I'm like I kind of know
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01786-00394944-00395141 the space pretty well and it's decidedly
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01787-00395142-00395297 possible I understand that a lot of
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01788-00395298-00395410 people don't want it done that's a
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01789-00395411-00395539 different thing than it being possible
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01790-00395540-00395813 but being able to actually do it at a
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01791-00395814-00395932 local level and then put it on a
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01792-00395933-00396154 pedestal and tell a story changes the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01793-00396155-00396323 conversation about what people say is
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01794-00396324-00396556 possible or not possible and so for all
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01795-00396557-00396719 y'all thinking about doing great work
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01796-00396720-00396965 we're hiring in Wayne County but also
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01797-00396966-00397265 um but also uh there is something really
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01798-00397266-00397523 nice about your the problems for which
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01799-00397524-00397739 you have oversight beginning and ending
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01800-00397740-00397967 once you cross a particular Road
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01801-00397968-00398177 um and uh and it is nice to be able to
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01802-00398178-00398273 say all right we're gonna Advance the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01803-00398274-00398530 ball and then this project will serve as
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01804-00398531-00398741 a proof Point against all the folks who
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01805-00398742-00399089 say it's not possible
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01806-00399090-00399293 so I think that ties nicely to the next
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01807-00399294-00399443 question
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01808-00399444-00399569 um we've been talking about all the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01809-00399570-00399689 different communities across Michigan
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01810-00399690-00400006 facing environmental justice issues how
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01811-00400007-00400169 do you make the problems that are facing
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01812-00400170-00400469 your District or your state a priority
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01813-00400470-00400667 for the entire chamber as you work for
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01814-00400668-00400852 environmental justice and how do you
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01815-00400853-00401015 build connections across communities
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01816-00401016-00401201 they're experiencing these injustices
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01817-00401202-00401399 that maybe they'd look different from
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01818-00401400-00401710 place to place but are all connected
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01819-00401711-00401921 yeah I mean I I bring Congress to the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01820-00401922-00402149 district I've had three Congressional
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01821-00402150-00402443 hearings I think now where I I bring
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01822-00402444-00402610 them I literally bring them to the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01823-00402611-00402832 neighborhood where it smells and you
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01824-00402833-00403001 know it's interesting no I've done it
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01825-00403002-00403277 and it's interesting that like one one
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01826-00403278-00403552 instance it didn't smell that day
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01827-00403553-00403775 and they must no they they must have saw
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01828-00403776-00403978 the Press advisory or something you know
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01829-00403979-00404213 they do it all the time you laugh all
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01830-00404214-00404554 you want no and then or or one actually
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01831-00404555-00404813 because I what I also did with a couple
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01832-00404814-00405004 of the chairs is I always put take them
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01833-00405005-00405245 on my toxic tour and it's always with
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01834-00405246-00405467 the residents and we'll go through and
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01835-00405468-00405719 there's like street sweepers and the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01836-00405720-00405887 resident is like I've never seen that
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01837-00405888-00406084 thing before
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01838-00406085-00406325 it is so important to bring Congress to
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01839-00406326-00406487 the district because like a lot of my
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01840-00406488-00406708 colleagues I did one on housing so I did
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01841-00406709-00406913 three but I also did one a hearing on
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01842-00406914-00407182 the housing crisis in my district and
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01843-00407183-00407410 when I took two members from Texas were
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01844-00407411-00407656 in the in the in this van and they were
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01845-00407657-00407843 looking around and they were like this
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01846-00407844-00408101 is negligence this is and these are from
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01847-00408102-00408365 communities in Texas where like Al Green
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01848-00408366-00408551 has had you know hurricanes after
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01849-00408552-00408815 hurricanes impacting his community and
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01850-00408816-00408982 they're just looking at this like oh my
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01851-00408983-00409151 God this is you know and then started
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01852-00409152-00409282 working with me with the small dollar
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01853-00409283-00409517 mortgage uh with you know looking at
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01854-00409518-00409649 like what can we do about Community
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01855-00409650-00409799 investment act because it's not working
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01856-00409800-00409972 like it's intended
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01857-00409973-00410272 same thing with the environment I I find
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01858-00410273-00410464 that all of a sudden you know my
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01859-00410466-00410626 colleagues are like oh go talk to
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01860-00410627-00410830 Rashida that she'll tell you why
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01861-00410831-00411028 cumulative impact analysis so important
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01862-00411029-00411287 or she has this whole like issue with
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01863-00411288-00411497 you know right now with this
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01864-00411497-00411791 um landfill uh in her district and it
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01865-00411792-00412097 really to me it keeps me obviously
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01866-00412097-00412397 rooted in what's going on but bringing
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01867-00412397-00412595 them there I feel like now I have a
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01868-00412596-00412805 partner instantly I've never ever done
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01869-00412806-00412984 any of my resident any of my colleagues
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01870-00412985-00413201 actually go back and say like I don't
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01871-00413202-00413393 want to do this you know like they want
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01872-00413393-00413513 to work with me more and more and
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01873-00413514-00413722 bringing Congress to the district has
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01874-00413723-00414076 been one of the most impactful Tool uh
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01875-00414077-00414232 in in way of using my community
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01876-00414233-00414424 organizing experience and actually
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01877-00414425-00414593 showing them so they can smell it and
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01878-00414593-00414851 see it and hear from folks that are like
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01879-00414852-00415132 you know I've never had there's never we
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01880-00415133-00415307 don't know where nasal cancer came from
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01881-00415308-00415541 but I have you know like my uncle has it
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01882-00415542-00415745 like what's going on you know those
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01883-00415746-00415918 kinds of things and when you take them
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01884-00415919-00416189 and show them a school in the South End
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01885-00416189-00416441 of Dearborn like behind it is the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01886-00416442-00416597 biggest polluter in like in the state
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01887-00416597-00416747 and they're like there's it's an
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01888-00416747-00416951 elementary school and I'm like not one
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01889-00416952-00417310 but two it is really powerful
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01890-00417312-00417610 echoing the tour so we we
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01891-00417612-00418007 um uh also did a tour for well now she's
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01892-00418008-00418330 the former Eagle director but to really
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01893-00418331-00418522 make sure that she understood sort of
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01894-00418523-00418714 what was going on
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01895-00418716-00418913 um and I think it's really impactful
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01896-00418914-00419153 right because people are very visual I
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01897-00419154-00419332 have to see it and experience it to know
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01898-00419333-00419483 but
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01899-00419484-00419705 sorry to your question I keep going back
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01900-00419706-00419914 to water affordability but it's really
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01901-00419916-00420191 true you know when we uh started
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01902-00420192-00420413 connecting people in Detroit and then
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01903-00420414-00420670 also bringing other stories from around
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01904-00420671-00420916 the state of how they were impacted by
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01905-00420917-00421241 water affordability issues people
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01906-00421242-00421468 started recognizing oh this is this
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01907-00421469-00421739 actually is a Statewide problem
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01908-00421739-00421966 um but uh I mean hopefully we'll get to
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01909-00421967-00422153 a place where we don't constantly have
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01910-00422154-00422375 to do that just the fact that anyone
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01911-00422376-00422579 anywhere is experiencing an injustice
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01912-00422580-00422716 should be enough to just take action
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01913-00422717-00422843 right but
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01914-00422843-00422999 um but unfortunately yes we absolutely
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01915-00423000-00423149 do need to do that and make sure that
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01916-00423150-00423281 our colleagues around the state
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01917-00423282-00423610 recognize that yes what happens uh you
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01918-00423612-00423797 know uh in Detroit often does happen in
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01919-00423797-00423964 other places and is something that needs
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01920-00423965-00424127 to be addressed so just one note on this
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01921-00424128-00424372 so I work locally but I ran Statewide
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01922-00424373-00424553 and one of the things that you come to
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01923-00424554-00424768 understand is that a lot of the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01924-00424769-00424991 challenge that we Face most acutely in
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01925-00424992-00425183 communities like Detroit some of the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01926-00425184-00425333 communities in Wayne County places like
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01927-00425334-00425568 Flint those are issues as as
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01928-00425569-00425831 congresswoman to leave raised there are
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01929-00425832-00426005 issues that exist all over the state and
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01930-00426006-00426251 if you give them voice it's almost like
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01931-00426252-00426431 you give people the opportunity to tap
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01932-00426432-00426610 into that narrative and it's a narrative
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01933-00426612-00426809 that they've been told is not theirs and
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01934-00426810-00426959 I think I'll be honest with you I think
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01935-00426960-00427253 I think activist communities are part we
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01936-00427254-00427445 have we have unfortunately aired on this
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01937-00427446-00427763 we missed on this we're so focused on on
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01938-00427764-00427877 on
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01939-00427878-00428116 um being specific about who faces the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01940-00428117-00428345 most that we miss the opportunity to
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01941-00428346-00428543 extend that narrative to everybody who's
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01942-00428543-00428747 experiencing it and making it a truly
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01943-00428747-00428957 Collective issue and so it is important
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01944-00428958-00429160 for us to call out racial inequities and
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01945-00429162-00429347 disparities but it's also important in
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01946-00429347-00429641 the second voice to say and folks in
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01947-00429642-00429833 rural white communities face these same
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01948-00429834-00429983 issues too
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01949-00429984-00430114 um and I think when people see
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01950-00430115-00430289 themselves bought into these issues and
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01951-00430289-00430420 they're like actually that does happen
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01952-00430421-00430697 in my community they're I my family does
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01953-00430697-00430816 drink water from a well that was
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01954-00430817-00430943 poisoned by some corporation that was
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01955-00430943-00431218 here decades ago right I'm worried about
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01956-00431219-00431464 the situation that my kid is facing at
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01957-00431465-00431639 out there decrepit underfunded public
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01958-00431639-00431945 school that it actually it creates a
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01959-00431946-00432095 space for folks to say well actually I
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01960-00432096-00432263 need to be part of the solution and I
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01961-00432264-00432359 think it's actually really powerful
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01962-00432360-00432563 because a lot of times it is those
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01963-00432564-00432827 legislators in those out communities who
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01964-00432828-00433037 want to tell them that the reason you're
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01965-00433038-00433229 not getting the solution is because
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01966-00433230-00433427 we're so busy trying to offer the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01967-00433428-00433618 solution to these black folks in these
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01968-00433619-00433757 these predominantly black communities
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01969-00433758-00433943 rather than saying actually the reason
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01970-00433943-00434105 you're not getting the solution is
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01971-00434106-00434303 because your Congress your your state
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01972-00434304-00434447 representative or your congressperson
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01973-00434447-00434614 has been a part of blocking the solution
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01974-00434615-00434855 for everybody actually right and they're
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01975-00434856-00435064 ignoring your pain and their pain right
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01976-00435065-00435227 as a matter of trying specifically
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01977-00435228-00435407 discriminate against them so just so you
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01978-00435408-00435533 know what's happening and so I think
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01979-00435534-00435743 it's really important for us always to
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01980-00435743-00435910 remember that there's a there's a second
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01981-00435912-00436139 piece we call out the the inequity but
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01982-00436139-00436307 also remind folks that these are not
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01983-00436308-00436481 challenges that are unique in one
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01984-00436482-00436637 Community they exist all over our state
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01985-00436638-00436816 if we care to look
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01986-00436817-00436972 yeah
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01987-00436973-00437218 uh so all of you come from organizing
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01988-00437219-00437470 and community-based work and while
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01989-00437471-00437651 policy for environmental justice is
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01990-00437652-00437920 progressing it's often based in Science
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01991-00437921-00438137 and Technology Solutions that are driven
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01992-00438138-00438407 by sort of like big tech companies or
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01993-00438408-00438803 the like technological Elite so what
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01994-00438804-00438970 um like what experience do you have in
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01995-00438971-00439264 curating policy or creating policy
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01996-00439265-00439487 um based on community expertise so
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01997-00439488-00439625 you've talked about
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01998-00439626-00439781 um citizen science but other are there
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-01999-00439782-00439960 other ways that maybe don't involve data
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02000-00439962-00440093 collection at all but that involve
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02001-00440093-00440345 listening to the direct experiences of
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02002-00440346-00440566 community members that can inform these
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02003-00440567-00440885 kinds of policies
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02004-00440885-00441083 um so this is not this has been an
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02005-00441084-00441443 environmental justice example okay
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02006-00441443-00441575 um so
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02007-00441576-00441827 uh I'm losing track of my day and what
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02008-00441828-00441995 I've mentioned at this talk versus other
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02009-00441996-00442385 talks but uh one of the so this is not
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02010-00442385-00442547 an environmental justice example but
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02011-00442547-00442660 it's just the first one that popped in
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02012-00442662-00442949 my brain is uh in Southwest is right
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02013-00442950-00443122 when these whip-its were everywhere and
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02014-00443123-00443266 people were like what is going on with
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02015-00443267-00443827 these whippets uh then we
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02016-00443828-00444035 anyway I don't know if people remember
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02017-00444035-00444220 the whippets but they're the little
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02018-00444221-00444359 silver now they're actually different
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02019-00444360-00444563 colors but they're the little nitrous
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02020-00444564-00444743 oxide canisters the legitimate purpose
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02021-00444743-00444922 is for dispensing whipped cream but
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02022-00444923-00445072 obviously the illegitimate of purpose is
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02023-00445073-00445229 to get high but it's also really
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02024-00445230-00445391 dangerous because you can you know lose
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02025-00445392-00445547 oxygen to your brain and people can get
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02026-00445547-00445685 in car accidents and all this stuff it's
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02027-00445685-00445859 really bad um it's also a huge litter
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02028-00445860-00446051 problem but anyway people were like what
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02029-00446052-00446159 are you gonna do about the whippets and
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02030-00446160-00446279 I I had no idea what I was going to do
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02031-00446280-00446410 about the whippets until we started
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02032-00446412-00446585 getting these meetings together where
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02033-00446585-00446722 people were like well let's look at
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02034-00446723-00446897 other states and then we did all this
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02035-00446897-00447089 research and so they actually came up
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02036-00447089-00447293 with what they wanted to do so it was
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02037-00447293-00447497 great I love that because
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02038-00447497-00447743 um it was Southwest Detroit Community
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02039-00447743-00447941 leaders who said we got to do something
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02040-00447942-00448145 and then we had all these meetings and
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02041-00448146-00448307 then they were like well we gotta make
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02042-00448308-00448463 sure that miners can't buy these things
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02043-00448464-00448768 uh so then we that I found a republican
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02044-00448769-00449014 partner and we got the bills passed so
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02045-00449015-00449249 uh and then now the issue has evolved
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02046-00449250-00449393 and now we have another set of bills
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02047-00449393-00449507 around with this that we need to get
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02048-00449508-00449747 done uh but it's
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02049-00449747-00450029 I love that because it literally like I
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02050-00450030-00450287 didn't know what they were but and so it
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02051-00450288-00450443 was community members who told me this
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02052-00450443-00450616 is what they are this is how it's
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02053-00450617-00450839 affecting our community and here's what
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02054-00450839-00451085 we want you to do so um and they really
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02055-00451085-00451270 drove the whole issue they came up and
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02056-00451271-00451643 testified and they got it done so that's
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02057-00451643-00451829 just one example not environmental
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02058-00451830-00451997 justice related except for maybe the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02059-00451997-00452351 litter but uh uh they they made it
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02060-00452352-00452518 happen so
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02061-00452519-00452789 I mean I I think
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02062-00452789-00453005 my residence without this I can come up
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02063-00453006-00453275 with a solution it's solutions that my
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02064-00453276-00453520 colleagues don't want but uh most of the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02065-00453521-00453683 time because it's like shut it down or
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02066-00453684-00453922 whatever but in some cases I am
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02067-00453923-00454091 sometimes
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02068-00454092-00454445 I I'm really like impressed at ways that
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02069-00454446-00454637 they're thinking about this cumulative
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02070-00454638-00454822 impact analysis did not come from
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02071-00454823-00455093 science it came from residents because
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02072-00455093-00455255 they had found out about it but they
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02073-00455256-00455513 started talking about it in a way that
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02074-00455514-00455741 wasn't scientific as much as like this
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02075-00455742-00455920 is going to actually look at what the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02076-00455921-00456179 impact is and really humanize what that
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02077-00456180-00456389 means instead of the science the the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02078-00456389-00456660 other really interesting thing is
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02079-00456662-00457007 much of my especially the the residents
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02080-00457008-00457253 that Advocate and have become experts on
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02081-00457254-00457553 environmental law and environmental
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02082-00457554-00457781 um you know research and everything most
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02083-00457782-00458027 of that doesn't actually have solutions
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02084-00458028-00458309 to the problem like much of it will
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02085-00458310-00458441 executive summary this is the problem
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02086-00458442-00458741 but they actually will come up with
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02087-00458742-00459022 sometimes really effective Solutions
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02088-00459023-00459185 around rockability housing anything
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02089-00459185-00459497 without like it being really some of it
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02090-00459497-00459760 is Data during but really more about how
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02091-00459762-00459970 does it what it would look like in their
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02092-00459971-00460120 community and so they have that kind of
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02093-00460121-00460337 lens and understanding that well that
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02094-00460338-00460607 worked in like a couple of my residents
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02095-00460608-00460870 went to Georgia and saw this like uh you
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02096-00460871-00460997 know how that we have the Joel Lucid of
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02097-00460997-00461105 Greenway and they saw the green one
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02098-00461106-00461195 they're like yeah but that's not going
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02099-00461196-00461393 to work in our community and so
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02100-00461393-00461620 listening to them understand that that's
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02101-00461621-00461813 just not going to work you're going to
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02102-00461814-00461933 have to do them in the alley like
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02103-00461934-00462083 there's no way you can do that in
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02104-00462084-00462431 Detroit and so it I find that sometimes
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02105-00462432-00462653 allowing people that live in the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02106-00462654-00462797 communities that you're trying to like
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02107-00462797-00462977 work having them come up with the with
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02108-00462978-00463127 the solutions and again it's not
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02109-00463128-00463379 scientific or Technology based it's like
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02110-00463380-00463655 lived experience based and it's it is
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02111-00463656-00463913 it's actually moments I'm like aha like
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02112-00463914-00464122 all the time I'm like yeah that makes
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02113-00464123-00464207 sense
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02114-00464208-00464572 yeah one just thing that I found really
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02115-00464573-00464779 valuable when I was serving in Detroit
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02116-00464780-00465022 sometimes there are two groups that
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02117-00465023-00465335 you're always here with hear from one is
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02118-00465335-00465563 private interests who have money to make
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02119-00465564-00465749 or money to lose you always hear from
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02120-00465750-00465820 them
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02121-00465821-00466072 the other is
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02122-00466073-00466295 um organizations that have been built
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02123-00466296-00466583 around a particular interest right and
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02124-00466584-00466793 usually not financially oriented but
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02125-00466793-00466918 this is an interest area that they're
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02126-00466919-00467147 really focused on and the question I'd
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02127-00467147-00467435 always ask as an epidemiologist was what
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02128-00467435-00467633 aspect of the data am I not seeing right
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02129-00467634-00467903 because this is this is clearer clearly
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02130-00467904-00468107 I'm getting some sort of bias in my in
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02131-00468108-00468329 my analysis so we literally like a
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02132-00468330-00468491 couple of us would just go knock on
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02133-00468492-00468670 random doors and be like hey we're from
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02134-00468671-00468839 the health department got no business
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02135-00468839-00469001 here we're just asking you what's on
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02136-00469002-00469109 your mind what are the issues that you
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02137-00469110-00469313 face and you get some like really
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02138-00469314-00469499 interesting feedback because it hadn't
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02139-00469500-00469714 been professionalized right there's a
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02140-00469715-00469883 way sometimes in which you know having
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02141-00469884-00470159 sort of worked on the activist 501c3
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02142-00470160-00470272 side of things is there's a
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02143-00470273-00470483 professionalized activism that happens
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02144-00470484-00470705 and it takes on its own language and its
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02145-00470706-00470860 own skills and it's really really
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02146-00470862-00471005 important right I'm not I'm not taking
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02147-00471006-00471185 anything away from professionalized
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02148-00471185-00471401 activists I am saying though that
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02149-00471402-00471575 sometimes there's a particular interest
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02150-00471576-00471809 right that feeds through that right
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02151-00471810-00471910 where you're going to get certain
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02152-00471912-00472066 information saved in a particular way
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02153-00472067-00472301 right that's specific to what you are
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02154-00472302-00472487 supposed to be hearing and if you sort
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02155-00472488-00472660 of step back for a second and say who is
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02156-00472662-00472918 this person who doesn't have the time or
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02157-00472919-00473159 energy to spend trying to talk to me
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02158-00473160-00473351 right that that I can spend some time
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02159-00473352-00473537 trying to trying to go find and learn
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02160-00473538-00473687 from it you learn a lot of amazing
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02161-00473688-00473818 things about how people are solving
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02162-00473819-00473999 their own problems that then can be
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02163-00474000-00474160 collectivized and generalized out into
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02164-00474162-00474335 actual into like big picture Solutions
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02165-00474335-00474514 and I think it's being able to sort of
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02166-00474515-00474689 see that side of things that's really
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02167-00474689-00474827 important and sometimes government
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02168-00474828-00475055 misses because everybody's busy and it's
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02169-00475056-00475216 hard to go find the person who's not
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02170-00475217-00475420 trying to find you
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02171-00475421-00475547 all right so this is
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02172-00475547-00475937 this is the last question
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02173-00475938-00476263 nope
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02174-00476264-00476549 County region that it would come from
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02175-00476550-00476747 the 100 billion dollars that we've sent
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02176-00476747-00477016 to over 100 billion to Ukraine to fight
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02177-00477017-00477281 a war which I can't imagine if we're
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02178-00477282-00477485 talking about moneyed interests it
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02179-00477485-00477689 sounds about big big lobbying groups
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02180-00477689-00477910 that there wouldn't be more of an effort
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02181-00477912-00478103 to go after that
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02182-00478104-00478372 um further the revelations recently over
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02183-00478373-00478703 the Nordstrom pipeline explosion from
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02184-00478704-00478943 Seymour Hearst which points in a very
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02185-00478943-00479141 clear evidence that it was the United
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02186-00479142-00479513 States that did the bombing
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02187-00479514-00479572 um
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02188-00479573-00479795 I think is a very important thing to
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02189-00479796-00480113 identify because you Congressman women
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02190-00480114-00480370 have not voted against the funding of
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02191-00480371-00480545 Ukraine
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02192-00480546-00481213 um
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02193-00481214-00481445 it's an important question let me finish
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02194-00481446-00481925 it
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02195-00481926-00482809 write it down
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02196-00482810-00483205 including an ally Germany
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02197-00483206-00483491 will you continue to go along with this
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02198-00483492-00483743 lie hi baby thank you uh we really
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02199-00483743-00483983 appreciate the input and thank you for
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02200-00483984-00484210 your care and consideration we have a
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02201-00484212-00484349 process that we've been following I
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02202-00484350-00484493 think your your question is a very
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02203-00484493-00484693 important one it's not really the space
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02204-00484693-00484943 right it's kind of out of context there
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02205-00484943-00485051 are a lot of important questions we're
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02206-00485052-00485225 not trying to answer all of them here
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02207-00485226-00485339 so
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02208-00485339-00485560 so we're talking about specifically
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02209-00485562-00485705 environmental justice specifically in
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02210-00485706-00485818 this region really appreciate your
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02211-00485819-00485975 question and appreciate your care on the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02212-00485976-00486107 issue we're not actually going to take
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02213-00486108-00486227 it because there's a whole process here
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02214-00486228-00486316 that we'd really appreciate you
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02215-00486317-00486514 respected so thank you for your question
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02216-00486515-00486785 really appreciate it understood not the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02217-00486785-00486953 right venue not the right time not the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02218-00486954-00487145 right space thank you so much all right
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02219-00487146-00487914 next question so this is the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02220-00487915-00488155 thank you
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02221-00488156-00488333 I think you should just read the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02222-00488334-00488483 question yeah here we go ready I'm gonna
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02223-00488484-00488705 hold the mic up right here so this last
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02224-00488706-00488981 question is in first person so it's not
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02225-00488982-00489179 actually me asking the question I work
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02226-00489180-00489425 for the U.S Environmental Protection
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02227-00489426-00489953 Agency
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02228-00489954-00490145 where are you gonna tell the truth this
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02229-00490146-00490307 is a line that you're allowing to
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02230-00490308-00490649 continue to be told
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02231-00490650-00491020 of your own
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02232-00491021-00491189 because 100 billion dollars that could
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02233-00491189-00491393 be going to Detroit could be going to
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02234-00491393-00491651 Dearborn all right
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02235-00491652-00492259 um I I try to say kindly
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02236-00492260-00492551 so here I'm just like so everybody
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02237-00492552-00492731 everybody focus on me focus on me all
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02238-00492732-00492893 right I want to say something here
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02239-00492893-00493168 there's a world in which sometimes
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02240-00493169-00493414 people with great intentions miss the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02241-00493415-00493637 mark on the folks to whom they should be
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02242-00493638-00494838 aiming those great intentions
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02243-00494839-00495199 [Music]
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02244-00495200-00495539 all right so this question says
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02245-00495539-00495731 I work for the U.S Environmental
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02246-00495732-00495916 Protection Agency myself and many of my
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02247-00495917-00496018 colleagues work tirelessly to
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02248-00496019-00496222 incorporate environmental justice
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02249-00496223-00496475 in so much as we can into the work we do
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02250-00496476-00496727 every day still many people believe we
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02251-00496728-00496985 are quote powerless power hungry
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02252-00496985-00497231 beholden tax wisy cynical Etc what
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02253-00497232-00497399 advice do you have as policy makers for
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02254-00497400-00497572 those of us who work in policy to build
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02255-00497573-00497735 trust with the public and people we
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02256-00497735-00497945 serve uh that we have their best
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02257-00497946-00498066 interests at art
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02258-00498067-00498472 so this is just me speaking and I'm
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02259-00498473-00498659 don't want to make anybody uncomfortable
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02260-00498660-00498881 but please don't take money from the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02261-00498882-00499103 community from the industries and the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02262-00499104-00499289 corporate polluters that are hurting
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02263-00499289-00499420 your community if you really want to
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02264-00499421-00499643 build trust within the community again
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02265-00499643-00499877 you're fighting for it is so important
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02266-00499878-00499985 because
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02267-00499985-00500218 even though as well intended as you are
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02268-00500219-00500591 as policy makers if you are and you can
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02269-00500592-00500795 have meetings and everything but when
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02270-00500796-00500939 you are taking
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02271-00500939-00501172 dollars from again the same people that
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02272-00501173-00501316 are hurting your residence it doesn't
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02273-00501317-00501593 build that trust and to be honest it's
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02274-00501593-00501875 it really takes away from pushing back
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02275-00501876-00502120 and saying you know look I I want to
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02276-00502121-00502301 work with you on this but I have to hold
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02277-00502302-00502510 you accountable and so forth It's So
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02278-00502512-00502841 critically important because
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02279-00502842-00503225 I know that when I take not one dime
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02280-00503226-00503513 from Marathon not one dime from you know
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02281-00503514-00503716 the industry many actually send it and
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02282-00503717-00503933 we send it back I don't even call them
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02283-00503934-00504101 and ask them for I mean they send it and
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02284-00504102-00504322 I send it back with the note saying I
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02285-00504323-00504485 have to build trust within my community
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02286-00504485-00504785 and I I will not accept these these
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02287-00504785-00504935 these these you know corporate dogs
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02288-00504935-00505085 because they rather do that and spend it
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02289-00505085-00505231 on lobbyists and stuff and actually
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02290-00505232-00505553 enforcing their own air permits
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02291-00505554-00505751 um the other really important thing is
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02292-00505752-00505918 it's the inside they call it the inside
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02293-00505919-00506051 outside game I hate that name but I
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02294-00506052-00506260 don't know how to explain it so right
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02295-00506262-00506399 now we're going to have a big town hall
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02296-00506400-00506597 in my district in Westland and and it's
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02297-00506597-00506831 it's around DTE you know our power our
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02298-00506832-00507137 community holding DTE accountable and
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02299-00507138-00507335 you know it is literally the outside
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02300-00507335-00507485 folks saying what can we do whatever
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02301-00507485-00507725 it's me using the power to convene right
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02302-00507726-00507875 using the power of this office to
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02303-00507876-00508001 convene using the power of the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02304-00508002-00508181 letterhead all of those things that's
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02305-00508182-00508385 how you build trust I'm of your fellow
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02306-00508385-00508510 Community organizer but I'm going to use
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02307-00508512-00508618 this title I'm going to use this office
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02308-00508619-00508901 to help elevate your voices give you
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02309-00508902-00509093 that you know be that bull horn for you
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02310-00509093-00509291 all and so that's how you do it through
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02311-00509292-00509518 action that way and also through action
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02312-00509519-00509770 and Shane I'm not going to engage with
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02313-00509771-00509951 them in this because I feel like you
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02314-00509952-00510095 know those campaign finance and those
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02315-00510096-00510337 things are so broken and it plays into
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02316-00510338-00510629 the whole system where folks don't trust
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02317-00510630-00510916 us uh you know they really don't and
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02318-00510917-00511091 they they don't want to even you know
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02319-00511092-00511229 believe that you know we've been let
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02320-00511230-00511577 down so much uh I was that young girl in
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02321-00511578-00511763 Southwestern literally every time I turn
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02322-00511764-00511943 around I see my own city council
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02323-00511943-00512213 allowing Marathon to expand every single
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02324-00512214-00512585 time I see it just continuing on and it
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02325-00512585-00512753 was so disheartening and then you hear
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02326-00512754-00512885 about the court you know the the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02327-00512885-00513095 donations that came in before their
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02328-00513096-00513239 elections and things and I think to
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02329-00513239-00513341 myself
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02330-00513342-00513635 you know is it because we're poor
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02331-00513635-00513827 is it because you know we're just like
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02332-00513828-00514001 regular folks like it doesn't matter we
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02333-00514002-00514259 you feel so incredibly less than because
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02334-00514260-00514510 of that so it's really important that
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02335-00514512-00514733 one after you're in there and you're a
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02336-00514734-00514949 real policy maker that you're helping
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02337-00514950-00515351 them you're pushing from the inside uh
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02338-00515352-00515572 it is where I've gotten more things done
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02339-00515573-00515729 I wouldn't have never been able to get
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02340-00515730-00515933 the 1.1 billion dollars to stop water
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02341-00515934-00516149 shut off in our car we we have a lot we
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02342-00516150-00516455 have a water fun program because of the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02343-00516456-00516689 outside folks pushing in and so it's
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02344-00516689-00516833 really important again to develop that
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02345-00516834-00517007 relationship because I find that we we
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02346-00517008-00517168 get in these positions we get elected
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02347-00517169-00517331 and we're like okay
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02348-00517332-00517583 it's like no you continue on engaging
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02349-00517584-00517762 them as if you're at a non-profit
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02350-00517763-00517997 Community movement organization if you
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02351-00517997-00518218 do that I've one you have a lot more fun
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02352-00518219-00518512 and two you're gonna really truly be
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02353-00518513-00518735 able to make sure you're still speaking
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02354-00518735-00519101 in a way that people feel heard and seen
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02355-00519102-00519293 yeah so I guess two things one it sounds
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02356-00519293-00519545 like this person works for the EPA and
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02357-00519546-00519762 so whether it's
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02358-00519763-00520157 local state or federal government
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02359-00520158-00520403 um if even you know so I have a friend
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02360-00520404-00520612 who works for the EPA I I working with
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02361-00520613-00520810 the new bureaucracy can be tough right
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02362-00520812-00520960 and I I know it's really challenging
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02363-00520962-00521057 I've never worked for the federal
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02364-00521058-00521260 government my husband used to and I hear
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02365-00521262-00521603 that it yeah lots of bureaucracy but
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02366-00521604-00521855 um you know remember why you ran why
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02367-00521856-00521993 you're not ran but why I remember why
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02368-00521993-00522131 you sought that job in the first place
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02369-00522132-00522412 right and just like I remind Kylie's
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02370-00522413-00522568 like remember why you ran for office
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02371-00522569-00522833 even if you're in in the executive
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02372-00522834-00523055 branch you still obviously wanted that
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02373-00523056-00523235 job to make a difference in some way
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02374-00523235-00523420 right and so
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02375-00523421-00523697 um I feel like there there are
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02376-00523697-00523853 there are those people who work for
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02377-00523854-00524081 these agencies that the community does
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02378-00524082-00524351 trust because they spend time there and
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02379-00524352-00524620 they listen to people it's just basic
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02380-00524621-00525012 human like let's listening skills right
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02381-00525013-00525293 uh and being able to build a connection
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02382-00525294-00525568 and not just sticking to like here's my
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02383-00525569-00525772 sheet of paper and here's the right the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02384-00525773-00525916 things that I need to follow in this
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02385-00525917-00526079 process and recognizing that people are
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02386-00526080-00526247 human beings and they're when they show
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02387-00526248-00526468 up to a public hearing to testify
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02388-00526469-00526618 of course there's going to be emotions
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02389-00526619-00526781 and of course there's going to be anger
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02390-00526782-00527068 and being on the receiving end of that
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02391-00527069-00527285 it's like showing compassion and empathy
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02392-00527286-00527429 it's kind of just like a basic human
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02393-00527430-00527675 thing that sometimes we forget right and
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02394-00527676-00527837 so whether you're in the executive
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02395-00527838-00528059 branch or the legislative branch or
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02396-00528060-00528185 whatever
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02397-00528186-00528335 um like remembering that people are
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02398-00528336-00528461 human
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02399-00528462-00528791 um but just no but doctor I'll say it I
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02400-00528792-00528941 have to whoever this is I don't know who
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02401-00528942-00529187 you are it was well at that time it was
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02402-00529188-00529541 Michigan DEQ but it was the eagle person
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02403-00529542-00529757 that put me in the car and took me
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02404-00529758-00529966 around because I didn't understand I was
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02405-00529967-00530147 like I don't get it what he's like we
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02406-00530148-00530345 have 11 inspectors Rashida for all of
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02407-00530346-00530543 Wayne County this again was few years it
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02408-00530544-00530783 was when I was in the state house and he
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02409-00530784-00531112 showed me like literally again this
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02410-00531113-00531293 moment of you wouldn't think it but he
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02411-00531294-00531437 was like he was a community organizer
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02412-00531438-00531647 for that moment and showing me like
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02413-00531648-00531797 where the data points and he goes
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02414-00531798-00532066 everybody's paying attention to them but
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02415-00532067-00532235 that's the 800 pound gorilla and I'm
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02416-00532236-00532343 like why
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02417-00532344-00532607 and they go boom boom boom boom same
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02418-00532608-00532816 thing with MDOT once I didn't understand
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02419-00532817-00533057 why their spurge was being built I
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02420-00533058-00533218 didn't get it I was like there's no way
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02421-00533219-00533387 that this could be happening goes nope
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02422-00533388-00533627 let me takes me into this Plaza area and
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02423-00533628-00533885 shows me how this billionaire literally
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02424-00533886-00534112 cut off a park a public Street
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02425-00534113-00534322 everything put me in the car and showed
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02426-00534323-00534575 me and I just think like
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02427-00534576-00534761 there are folks you're going to run into
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02428-00534762-00534935 maybe like Stephanie or myself or others
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02429-00534936-00535318 that are in uh you know are like just
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02430-00535319-00535499 eager to hear from that perspective
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02431-00535500-00535720 again not giving us can't go past that
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02432-00535721-00535961 line but they are incredibly
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02433-00535962-00536164 knowledgeable have the institutional
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02434-00536165-00536422 knowledge tell me oh you know you got to
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02435-00536423-00536722 figure out act 901 I'm like What's Next
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02436-00536723-00536939 I know what you know like really going
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02437-00536940-00537197 through that process with me yeah as an
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02438-00537198-00537485 unelected bureaucrat myself uh look the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02439-00537486-00537797 the thing about being in public in this
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02440-00537798-00538037 side of public service is you can do a
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02441-00538038-00538222 lot you just can't say a lot
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02442-00538223-00538481 and so you want to be that person who
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02443-00538482-00538672 gets stuff done who nobody is ever going
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02444-00538673-00538918 to think right the one behind the scenes
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02445-00538919-00539170 who moves a piece of information gets a
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02446-00539171-00539416 principal focused on an issue right and
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02447-00539417-00539518 sometimes people aren't going to know
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02448-00539519-00539711 that you did it but that that wasn't the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02449-00539712-00539891 point of the work right the you know
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02450-00539892-00540041 having been on the political side and
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02451-00540042-00540281 having been on the the sort of unelected
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02452-00540282-00540479 appointed side they're they're they're
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02453-00540480-00540755 mirrors of each other right oftentimes a
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02454-00540756-00540899 politician can say whatever they want to
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02455-00540900-00541066 say and they may not have the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02456-00541067-00541229 positionality to always act in a
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02457-00541230-00541391 particular space whereas sometimes when
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02458-00541392-00541499 you're appointed you actually have a lot
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02459-00541500-00541679 of positionality to act but you can't
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02460-00541680-00541877 always say what you want to say and so
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02461-00541878-00542062 the trick is being able right to check
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02462-00542063-00542231 your own self sometimes and be like what
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02463-00542232-00542495 can I do even if this person thinks I'm
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02464-00542496-00542699 the one who's on the wrong side of it I
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02465-00542700-00542843 I know that I did what I could to move
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02466-00542844-00542957 the ball down the field and sometimes
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02467-00542958-00543143 you can't right but it's always saying
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02468-00543144-00543322 all right how do I set up myself the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02469-00543323-00543491 next time right or set us up to do the
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02470-00543492-00543629 right thing the next time
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02471-00543630-00543839 um with that I uh I know we're six
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02472-00543840-00544072 minutes late deeply deeply appreciate
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02473-00544073-00544319 and if we can give a big forward
+1Sz87Oz46Bu-02474-00544320-00545543 [Applause]
+1VdRUSz49Wc-00000-00000896-00001119 i see the community
+1VdRUSz49Wc-00001-00001120-00001247 damaged
+1VdRUSz49Wc-00002-00001248-00001503 i see a lot of hurt i see a lot of pain
+1VdRUSz49Wc-00003-00001504-00001823 i see a lot of stress anxiety anger it's
+1VdRUSz49Wc-00004-00001823-00001982 been a real struggle for a lot of people
+1VdRUSz49Wc-00005-00001984-00002247 to find affordable housing i feel that
+1VdRUSz49Wc-00006-00002248-00002550 there is a recovery
+1VdRUSz49Wc-00007-00002551-00002799 because the housing prices are rising
+1VdRUSz49Wc-00008-00002800-00003150 obviously they're rising faster in
+1VdRUSz49Wc-00009-00003151-00003351 other neighborhoods
+1VdRUSz49Wc-00010-00003352-00003583 but that is also causing them to rise in
+1VdRUSz49Wc-00011-00003584-00003863 north since the recession we lost a
+1VdRUSz49Wc-00012-00003864-00004047 number of houses so there's been
+1VdRUSz49Wc-00013-00004047-00004270 committed development by some of our
+1VdRUSz49Wc-00014-00004271-00004495 non-profit developers to either rehab
+1VdRUSz49Wc-00015-00004496-00004759 those houses or building new
+1VdRUSz49Wc-00016-00004760-00004951 vacant houses
+1VdRUSz49Wc-00017-00004952-00005167 boarded up houses
+1VdRUSz49Wc-00018-00005168-00005527 damaged homes just visually i noticed a
+1VdRUSz49Wc-00019-00005528-00005767 difference in my in the community if a
+1VdRUSz49Wc-00020-00005768-00005927 people person doesn't have a decent
+1VdRUSz49Wc-00021-00005928-00006063 place to live
+1VdRUSz49Wc-00022-00006064-00006247 how are they supposed to continue on
+1VdRUSz49Wc-00023-00006248-00006446 with their lives and improve their lives
+1VdRUSz49Wc-00024-00006447-00006742 when you can't uh provide stability in
+1VdRUSz49Wc-00025-00006743-00006910 your home it affects everything it
+1VdRUSz49Wc-00026-00006911-00007255 affects your mental health it affects
+1VdRUSz49Wc-00027-00007256-00007446 your physical health you know we got
+1VdRUSz49Wc-00028-00007447-00007631 people in minnesota out here on the
+1VdRUSz49Wc-00029-00007631-00007839 corners under bridges
+1VdRUSz49Wc-00030-00007840-00007991 shelters are full
+1VdRUSz49Wc-00031-00007992-00008999 we are suffering world we are suffering
+1VdRUSz49Wc-00032-00009000-00009208 you
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00000-00000008-00000391 [Music]
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00001-00000392-00001000 this is so exciting
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00002-00001001-00001211 all right so now that all the windows
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00003-00001212-00001462 are installed and the exterior framing
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00004-00001463-00001732 is officially done we're going to shift
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00005-00001734-00002021 our Focus to the doors so we can get
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00006-00002022-00002302 this place dried in and also get rid of
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00007-00002303-00002450 this pretty Turbo
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00008-00002451-00003199 [Music]
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00009-00003200-00003358 much better
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00010-00003359-00005386 [Music]
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00011-00005387-00005693 well I got some bad news that door you
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00012-00005694-00005915 see behind me I was sent the wrong size
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00013-00005916-00006286 I received that door probably two months
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00014-00006287-00006532 ago so hopefully it's not going to be an
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00015-00006533-00006833 issue returning it
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00016-00006834-00007167 good
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00017-00007168-00007345 [Music]
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00018-00007345-00007720 what do we have here
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00019-00007722-00008128 [Music]
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00020-00008129-00008273 I've never dealt with the snapping
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00021-00008274-00008435 turtle but I know you can still pick
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00022-00008436-00008585 them up from the sides
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00023-00008586-00008723 um I don't know if this is a good idea
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00024-00008724-00009017 no Spencer seriously I'll be trapped in
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00025-00009018-00009214 our yard otherwise because of the fence
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00026-00009215-00009509 well how to get here
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00027-00009510-00009755 well it can go back that way otherwise
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00028-00009756-00009989 it'll dig underneath the fence well what
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00029-00009990-00010145 it did gets better than losing your
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00030-00010146-00010385 finger well then the dogs can get out
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00031-00010386-00010978 yeah this thing's got some claws on it
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00032-00010979-00011449 could it take your finger off
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00033-00011450-00012083 maybe we should look this up
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00034-00012084-00012328 what's a turtle but they can snap fast
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00035-00012329-00012623 baby it's ready its head is changing
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00036-00012624-00012833 position it's gonna snap back at you
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00037-00012834-00013030 like that neck is gonna come out I'm not
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00038-00013031-00013193 trying to scare you I'm just trying to
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00039-00013194-00013438 prepare you do you think it can reach
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00040-00013440-00014177 out back to my the side 100 no 100 no
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00041-00014178-00014429 let me look this up real quick
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00042-00014430-00014638 snapping turtle and sides as they have
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00043-00014640-00014807 deceptively long necks and can turn
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00044-00014808-00015058 around and bite your hands so instead
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00045-00015059-00015227 grab it from the back of the shell just
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00046-00015228-00015641 above the toe
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00047-00015641-00016063 why am I nervous to deal with a turtle
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00048-00016063-00016319 it gets slippery
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00049-00016321-00016867 [Music]
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00050-00016868-00017466 I may look cute but I will destroy you
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00051-00017467-00018199 [Music]
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00052-00018200-00018443 there you go little guy
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00053-00018444-00018679 you did it
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00054-00018680-00018899 first time ever moving a snapping turtle
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00055-00018900-00019121 to move plenty other Turtles but you're
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00056-00019122-00019343 really breathing heavy there babe well
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00057-00019344-00019558 no I had to hold like the very back of
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00058-00019559-00019769 him and he's like not only kicking off
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00059-00019770-00020122 my hands but he's also slimy and when he
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00060-00020123-00020435 does that lunge messes up the grip on
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00061-00020436-00020597 him I bet I could have grabbed them from
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00062-00020598-00020807 the sides his neck never came out far
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00063-00020808-00021017 enough I don't know it came out pretty
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00064-00021018-00021203 far
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00065-00021204-00021557 today let me work on this front door as
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00066-00021558-00021814 far as the other door the door that we
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00067-00021815-00022049 planned for was a 30 by 80 and we
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00068-00022050-00022450 received a 34 by 80 so yeah that's uh no
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00069-00022451-00022780 good so on to the store and yes I did
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00070-00022781-00022985 check the store it works out perfectly
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00071-00022986-00023278 so I have the other door ordered I'm
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00072-00023279-00023549 about uh another month out on that so
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00073-00023550-00023705 we're going to be about a month out
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00074-00023706-00023885 before we're technically going to be
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00075-00023886-00024130 dried in so at least for the most part
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00076-00024131-00024389 will be dried in I'll just have to rely
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00077-00024390-00024593 on that beautiful tarp in order to keep
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00078-00024594-00024680 the weather out
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00079-00024681-00025283 [Music]
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00080-00025284-00027227 [Music]
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00081-00027227-00027455 six
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00082-00027456-00027820 day
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00083-00027822-00028018 come on
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00084-00028019-00028211 oh my gosh I thought they were gonna hit
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00085-00028212-00028295 the camera
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00086-00028295-00028595 [Music]
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00087-00028595-00030474 foreign
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00088-00030475-00031056 page here we come
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00089-00031057-00031223 [Music]
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00090-00031224-00032531 oh my gosh good job oh
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00091-00032532-00033066 oh
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00092-00033067-00033517 [Music]
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00093-00033518-00033737 all right we're ready to get the door in
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00094-00033738-00034307 I believe so
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00095-00034308-00034531 excited
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00096-00034532-00034909 [Music]
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00097-00034910-00035273 oh my God it's so weird being a good
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00098-00035274-00035339 door here
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00099-00035340-00035590 [Music]
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00100-00035591-00035724 foreign
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00101-00035725-00037221 [Music]
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00102-00037222-00037973 [Music]
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00103-00037974-00038267 ER
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00104-00038268-00038477 it's hot
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00105-00038478-00039077 is that why you always wear a band
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00106-00039078-00039311 like so you were seen
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00107-00039312-00040318 so who saw you you saw me
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00108-00040319-00040529 all right just from kind of looking at
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00109-00040530-00040793 it I feel like this one is almost too
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00110-00040794-00041051 similar to the green I know it's not the
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00111-00041052-00041212 same that's exactly what I was thinking
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00112-00041213-00041477 just for my initial thoughts I kind of
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00113-00041478-00041662 feel like this one once there's the
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00114-00041663-00041902 black trim around it like you said just
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00115-00041903-00042046 for it to pop a little bit more because
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00116-00042047-00042240 these are just darker so
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00117-00042241-00042443 [Music]
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00118-00042444-00042785 I think this is the one
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00119-00042786-00043111 foreign
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00120-00043112-00043373 we're going with with the paint I'll
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00121-00043374-00043607 pick that up later tonight but uh what
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00122-00043608-00043829 I'm going to work on in the meantime is
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00123-00043830-00044068 uh take care of some dead plants our
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00124-00044069-00044327 Jasmine over here along with several
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00125-00044328-00044530 other plants that we've planted have
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00126-00044531-00044758 died we had a hard freeze in December
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00127-00044759-00044957 yeah it did a number on a lot of my
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00128-00044958-00045155 plants you want to plant a different
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00129-00045156-00045461 variety of Jasmine come winter time I'll
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00130-00045462-00045629 take a little bit extra precaution I
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00131-00045630-00045779 just kind of thought they would do okay
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00132-00045780-00046162 I'll cover them up this year
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00133-00046163-00046487 you know what we should have put
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00134-00046488-00047146 a plane about it what that loofah plant
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00135-00047147-00047452 yeah so there's this plant that Vines
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00136-00047453-00047896 and it makes natural it's a they're
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00137-00047897-00048143 loofahs and I think that that is the
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00138-00048144-00048383 coolest thing having something literally
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00139-00048384-00048587 be able to grow on your home that you
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00140-00048588-00048790 could use for other things other than
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00141-00048791-00049001 just looking pretty I don't know I've
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00142-00049002-00049187 been trying to talk Spencer into growing
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00143-00049188-00049433 this for a long time and I just I've
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00144-00049434-00049630 forgotten about it until now but he
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00145-00049631-00049840 doesn't I don't know he's not like the
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00146-00049841-00050093 way they look it's so cool we could have
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00147-00050094-00050327 a loofah for the shower let's grow
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00148-00050328-00050639 sponges you like loofahs I have a
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00149-00050640-00051149 question what what color loofah hot pink
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00150-00051150-00051333 oh
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00151-00051334-00051738 [Music]
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00152-00051739-00051945 my God
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00153-00051946-00052369 [Music]
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00154-00052370-00052642 putting mulch on our plants that you
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00155-00052644-00052841 made
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00156-00052841-00053116 we got some mod activity yeah you touch
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00157-00053117-00053497 it
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00158-00053498-00053726 thank you baby
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00159-00053727-00054726 [Music]
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00160-00054727-00055597 do you like gardening
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00161-00055598-00055979 it's good
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00162-00055980-00057144 [Music]
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00163-00057145-00057459 all right farewell other colors
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00164-00057460-00057647 [Music]
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00165-00057648-00057976 these Brown's not good these Browns
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00166-00057977-00058126 aren't good
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00167-00058127-00059700 foreign
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00168-00059701-00059969 okay I love the color on the door
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00169-00059970-00060244 originally when we put the paint on I
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00170-00060245-00060407 mean Spencer and I both thought it was
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00171-00060408-00060599 too light it's so funny because I feel
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00172-00060600-00060815 like nine times out of ten whenever we
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00173-00060816-00061097 paint anything at first we always hate
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00174-00061098-00061373 it and then once it dries and it's just
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00175-00061374-00061582 been given some time we end up really
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00176-00061583-00061816 liking it and I think that this just it
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00177-00061817-00062003 turned out great yeah so I really like
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00178-00062004-00062207 it what do you think I wish it was a
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00179-00062208-00062387 little bit darker but I'm not going to
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00180-00062388-00062704 nitpick this you know you don't dislike
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00181-00062705-00063047 it enough to repaint it exactly yeah no
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00182-00063048-00063226 I think it looks good especially once we
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00183-00063227-00063335 get the trim on there and everything
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00184-00063336-00063616 it's just really gonna pop yeah black
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00185-00063617-00063965 handles black trim yeah especially once
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00186-00063966-00064157 I mean everything is done like once this
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00187-00064158-00064342 is moved it's going to have a deck in
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00188-00064344-00064619 front of it an overhang and I just I
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00189-00064620-00064787 think all of it when it's complete is
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00190-00064788-00064966 going to look really nice
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00191-00064967-00065261 foreign
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00192-00065262-00065519 so now that the front door is painted
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00193-00065520-00065687 and all ready to go I'm going to work on
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00194-00065688-00065855 these container doors right here behind
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00195-00065856-00066113 me reassembling all the hardware but
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00196-00066114-00066323 first before I can actually put it back
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00197-00066324-00066544 on I have to clean them up the reason
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00198-00066545-00066779 being is because I guess leaning up
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00199-00066780-00067031 against this fence either pollen is
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00200-00067032-00067276 collected on them which I don't really
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00201-00067277-00067475 see that just because it doesn't come
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00202-00067476-00067759 off it very easy it's a yellowish color
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00203-00067760-00068225 or the pressure treated fence is kind of
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00204-00068226-00068531 caused the discoloration honestly I
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00205-00068532-00068717 don't know I'm just speculating but I'm
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00206-00068718-00068861 going to try to clean these up hopefully
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00207-00068862-00069076 I'm successful and then we can throw it
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00208-00069077-00069287 all back together judging on how easy
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00209-00069288-00069485 this is coming off I'm just going to
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00210-00069486-00069649 chalk it up to pollen
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00211-00069650-00071813 [Music]
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00212-00071814-00072218 oh
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00213-00072219-00072863 [Music]
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00214-00072864-00073126 well you guys I messed up when putting
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00215-00073127-00073391 all this Hardware on it's designed to be
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00216-00073392-00073673 in certain spots and I didn't really
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00217-00073674-00073853 realize that I mean I should have
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00218-00073854-00074063 because one of them even has like a
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00219-00074064-00074350 little hoop for a a pen or a lock to go
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00220-00074351-00074644 through so my fault on that one but the
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00221-00074645-00074855 other ones are specifically designed for
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00222-00074856-00075094 certain positions and guess what I got
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00223-00075095-00075406 all four of them wrong I did have them
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00224-00075407-00075611 in an initial order when I took them off
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00225-00075612-00075923 just to keep them in a uniform order but
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00226-00075924-00076144 I mean when cleaning them they fell over
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00227-00076145-00076444 and so they just all kind of got jumbled
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00228-00076445-00076691 and I just guessed and I didn't think it
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00229-00076692-00076937 was going to be a big deal but yeah so
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00230-00076938-00077135 this one has to be solved with this one
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00231-00077136-00077531 and then this one has to be swapped with
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00232-00077532-00077729 this one so that means I just have to
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00233-00077730-00078039 completely redo everything
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00234-00078040-00078573 [Applause]
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00235-00078574-00079787 [Music]
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00236-00079788-00080674 foreign
+1V9svJjbSvQ-00237-00080675-00082995 [Music]
+1YmDapeL9qo-00000-00000131-00000497 how do I deal with drips the best way to
+1YmDapeL9qo-00001-00000498-00000655 deal with drips is to prevent them from
+1YmDapeL9qo-00002-00000656-00000841 happening in the first place and to do
+1YmDapeL9qo-00003-00000842-00000983 this you can take a piece of masking
+1YmDapeL9qo-00004-00000984-00001187 tape and run it along the underside of
+1YmDapeL9qo-00005-00001188-00001408 your piece to collect those drips as
+1YmDapeL9qo-00006-00001409-00001742 they're forming at the 24 hour mark you
+1YmDapeL9qo-00007-00001743-00001930 can pull that tape off and all those
+1YmDapeL9qo-00008-00001932-00002075 cheer drips will come along with that
+1YmDapeL9qo-00009-00002076-00002333 tape now as you're working you can use a
+1YmDapeL9qo-00010-00002334-00002573 gloved hand or a brush to smooth the
+1YmDapeL9qo-00011-00002574-00002873 drips out and minimize the effect and if
+1YmDapeL9qo-00012-00002874-00003109 you do have cure drips on your actual
+1YmDapeL9qo-00013-00003110-00003299 artwork the best way to take care of
+1YmDapeL9qo-00014-00003300-00003500 those is with a dremel or an electric
+1YmDapeL9qo-00015-00003501-00003588 sander
+1YmDapeL9qo-00016-00003589-00003902 [Music]
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00000-00000163-00000582 okay so Brian your team shows that space
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00001-00000583-00000839 starts with expanding slowly but it's
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00002-00000840-00000956 actually been accelerating the expansion
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00003-00000957-00001225 it's been getting faster and faster yeah
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00004-00001226-00001516 it's a crazy result it seems to mean
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00005-00001517-00001668 things are working completely
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00006-00001669-00001892 counter-intuitively so what could be
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00007-00001893-00002174 causing us well we really need to have
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00008-00002175-00002551 something like gravity pushing rather
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00009-00002552-00002873 than pulling and that seat doesn't seem
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00010-00002874-00003010 you know we always think of gravity
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00011-00003011-00003286 pulling all around us so this is a bit
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00012-00003288-00003547 of a surprise but it turns out Albert
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00013-00003548-00003908 Einstein back in 1917 figure it out a
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00014-00003909-00004202 way to make gravity push rather than
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00015-00004203-00004445 pull and it was by there really just
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00016-00004446-00004756 being energy everywhere that was part of
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00017-00004757-00005245 space itself and so when space gets a
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00018-00005246-00005431 little bigger it turns out this stuff
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00019-00005432-00005668 gets created as space gets a little
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00020-00005669-00005900 bigger and that gives it a bizarre
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00021-00005901-00006224 property a property which we call
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00022-00006225-00006431 negative pressure now I think everyone
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00023-00006431-00006670 knows what pressure is pressure is that
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00024-00006672-00006885 when I push on something it pushes back
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00025-00006886-00007148 right but this stuff has negative
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00026-00007148-00007406 pressure when I push on it it wants to
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00027-00007406-00007706 shrink when I pull on it it wants to
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00028-00007706-00007880 pull even farther so it sort of does
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00029-00007881-00008144 exactly the opposite what everything
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00030-00008145-00008539 else should have should do but that's
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00031-00008540-00008746 presumably only one possibility this
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00032-00008747-00008969 idea of Einstein what we call the lambda
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00033-00008970-00009278 is one way to do it but presumably any
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00034-00009279-00009569 force that is stronger than gravity and
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00035-00009570-00009767 pushes I mean gravity could only ever
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00036-00009768-00009931 slow things down so if you want this
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00037-00009932-00010088 expansion we have to have a forces
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00038-00010089-00010249 opposite to gravity pushes rather than
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00039-00010250-00010412 pulling and has to be stronger than
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00040-00010413-00010628 gravity and any force that does that
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00041-00010629-00010742 could do the trick
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00042-00010743-00010888 lambda Einstein's theory is one
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00043-00010889-00011021 possibility but I believe there are
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00044-00011022-00011237 several thousand other possibilities the
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00045-00011238-00011363 tribe would have to be this force have
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00046-00011364-00011578 to be long-range gravity is strongest
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00047-00011579-00011723 when things are close together but if
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00048-00011724-00011852 you had a force that's as strong as
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00049-00011853-00012083 stronger than gravity but repels and
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00050-00012084-00012242 also as strong as some things are close
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00051-00012243-00012398 together it would be blow the earth
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00052-00012399-00012595 apart will Las Vegas off the floor of
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00053-00012596-00012802 this room so today we everyday force its
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00054-00012803-00013030 long range and pushes rather than
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00055-00013031-00013277 pulling right and so Einsteins version
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00056-00013278-00013394 really does
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00057-00013396-00013599 to do this with gravity because it
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00058-00013600-00013806 spread everywhere so that sort of makes
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00059-00013807-00014069 it very long-range there's no extra of
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00060-00014071-00014501 it anywhere but it has this property of
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00061-00014502-00014838 of of as I said this negative pressure
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00062-00014838-00015300 which is genuinely counterintuitive but
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00063-00015301-00015513 there's as you said thousands upon
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00064-00015513-00015675 thousands of theories that have been
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00065-00015676-00015951 developed a lot of them are a lot like
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00066-00015952-00016263 Einsteins they make this this this
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00067-00016263-00016449 negative pressure stuff fill the
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00068-00016450-00016698 universe in all sorts of ways but then
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00069-00016699-00016974 have people have the universe being sort
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00070-00016975-00017229 of lumpy or having new forces or all
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00071-00017230-00017463 sorts of things so you know the only way
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00072-00017464-00017675 we're gonna know this is by testing
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00073-00017676-00017886 it'll be asked a personal question I
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00074-00017887-00018111 mean your team was responsible for
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00075-00018112-00018420 discovering this repulsive force that we
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00076-00018421-00018777 now have taken to calling dark energy do
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00077-00018778-00019004 you are you really short sexually there
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00078-00019005-00019389 well I have to admit in 1998 when we
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00079-00019390-00019680 made the discovery I I knew what our
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00080-00019681-00019935 data set I knew the data said that the
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00081-00019936-00020205 universe was speeding up but I had my
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00082-00020206-00020487 doubts because it was just a crazy thing
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00083-00020488-00020718 for the universe to be doing I figured
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00084-00020719-00020880 maybe some other explanation would come
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00085-00020881-00021009 along I felt pretty much our
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00086-00021010-00021219 observations were right but you know you
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00087-00021220-00021345 have to interpret your operat
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00088-00021346-00021888 observations but now in the current time
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00089-00021889-00022260 we've had many many experiments not only
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00090-00022261-00022500 do they see the same thing that we see
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00091-00022501-00022707 so okay that tells us our observations
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00092-00022708-00022956 right but they've looked at it many many
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00093-00022957-00023211 different ways and so the interpretation
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00094-00023212-00023391 the idea that the universe is speeding
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00095-00023392-00023808 up has many manifestations of how it
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00096-00023809-00023997 affects the universe and every time we
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00097-00023998-00024321 look at the universe how fast galaxies
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00098-00024322-00024582 form how sound waves travel through the
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00099-00024583-00024849 early universe you keep on getting the
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00100-00024850-00025125 same crazy answer that the universe is
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00101-00025126-00025398 full of something that is speeding it up
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00102-00025399-00025784 so at this point I think that's a good
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00103-00025785-00026027 sound way of describing the universe so
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00104-00026029-00026214 I'm pretty confident it's gonna stand
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00105-00026214-00026505 the test of time at this point I'd
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00106-00026506-00026658 presumably this whole idea that the
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00107-00026658-00026777 universe is
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00108-00026777-00027030 accelerating there's something dark
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00109-00027031-00027174 energy whatever it might be one of these
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00110-00027175-00027399 10,000 theories it's making it go faster
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00111-00027400-00027699 that must have incredible implications
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00112-00027700-00027974 for the future of the universe well it
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00113-00027975-00028170 does because you know the big question
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00114-00028170-00028487 that I had when I started this work back
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00115-00028488-00028914 in 1994 was does the universe you know
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00116-00028914-00029145 exist forever or does it eventually
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00117-00029145-00029414 collapse and go into the Big Bang
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00118-00029416-00029799 backwards the gonna a begin and but this
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00119-00029800-00030123 gives us gives us an answer tells us the
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00120-00030124-00030381 universe is going to last forever but
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00121-00030382-00030677 with a twist the more the universe
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00122-00030678-00031064 expands the faster it expands so it
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00123-00031066-00031421 accelerates so imagine that I'm looking
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00124-00031422-00031614 at a galaxy on the other side of the
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00125-00031614-00031857 universe that I can see right now well
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00126-00031858-00032108 in the future because space is being
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00127-00032109-00032370 created so quickly to scale factors
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00128-00032370-00032664 being you know increased so quickly
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00129-00032664-00032987 light is going to get stranded is the
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00130-00032988-00033171 scale factor
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00131-00033172-00033345 you know stretches the universe faster
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00132-00033346-00033590 and faster and so things we can see
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00133-00033591-00033936 right now will not be visible in the
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00134-00033937-00034098 distant future you will they will sort
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00135-00034099-00034356 of get frozen in time and fade away so
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00136-00034357-00034635 if I had galaxies on the other side of
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00137-00034636-00034782 the universe its clock would stop it
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00138-00034783-00035007 would fade away so for future
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00139-00035008-00035243 generations of scientists a hundred
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00140-00035244-00035364 billion years in the future
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00141-00035365-00035610 they're gonna look out and they're gonna
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00142-00035611-00035837 see no galaxies all the galaxies we see
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00143-00035838-00036099 today will be so far away there'll be
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00144-00036100-00036380 nothing left to see and that I find
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00145-00036381-00036675 profoundly disturbing why would we live
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00146-00036676-00036914 in a place where we can see the universe
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00147-00036915-00037121 not in the future when it will be
+1aMCk6Iyg0u-00148-00037122-00037428 nothing to see
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00000-00000046-00000300 johann friedrich wilhelm adolf von
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00001-00000301-00000630 baeyer german bah the 31st of october
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00002-00000631-00001011 1835 to the 20th of august 1917 was a
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00003-00001011-00001220 german chemist who synthesized indigo
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00004-00001221-00001419 developed a nomenclature for cyclic
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00005-00001420-00001623 compounds that was subsequently extended
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00006-00001623-00001922 and adopted as part of the IUPAC organic
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00007-00001923-00002172 nomenclature he was ennobled in the
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00008-00002173-00002445 kingdom of bavaria in 1885 and was the
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00009-00002446-00002681 1905 recipient of the Nobel Prize in
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00010-00002682-00003058 Chemistry
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00011-00003059-00003631 topic family and education
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00012-00003632-00003877 bayar was born in berlin as the son of
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00013-00003878-00004081 the noted geodesist and lieutenant
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00014-00004082-00004240 general in the royal prussian army
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00015-00004241-00004441 johann jakob bei air and his wife
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00016-00004442-00004834 usually bayern a hit siq 1807 to 1843
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00017-00004835-00005095 both his parents were Lutheran's at the
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00018-00005096-00005269 time of his birth and he was raised in
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00019-00005270-00005524 the Lutheran religion his mother was the
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00020-00005525-00005743 daughter of Julius Edouard hit Zig and a
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00021-00005744-00005929 member of the originally Jewish Itzik
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00022-00005930-00006103 family and had converted to Christianity
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00023-00006104-00006340 before marrying his father who was of
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00024-00006341-00006621 non-jewish German descent bei air had
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00025-00006622-00007020 four sisters Klara 1826 Emma 1831
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00026-00007022-00007468 Johanna Jeanette 1839 Adelaide 1843 and
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00027-00007469-00007534 two brothers
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00028-00007534-00008029 Georg 1829 Edward 1832 bei air loss to
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00029-00008030-00008203 his mother at a young age while she was
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00030-00008204-00008371 giving birth to his sister Adelaide
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00031-00008372-00008533 although his birth name was Johann
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00032-00008534-00008776 Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf bei air he was
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00033-00008777-00009088 known simply as Adolf bei air throughout
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00034-00009089-00009343 most of his life the poet Adelbert von
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00035-00009344-00009538 Cammisa and the astronomer Friedrich
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00036-00009539-00009742 Wilhelm Bessel were his godparents on
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00037-00009743-00010030 his 50th birthday he was raised to the
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00038-00010031-00010309 hereditary nobility by king ludwig ii of
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00039-00010310-00010486 bavaria conferring on him the vaunt
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00040-00010487-00010705 distinction Bayard charted his own path
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00041-00010706-00010894 into science early on performing
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00042-00010895-00011095 experiments on plant nutrition at his
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00043-00011096-00011278 paternal grandfather's Miguel's Heim
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00044-00011279-00011478 farm as a boy back in the confines of
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00045-00011479-00011680 Berlin he took to the test tubes with
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00046-00011681-00011889 chemical experimentation starting at the
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00047-00011890-00012142 age of nine three years later he
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00048-00012143-00012321 synthesized a previously unknown
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00049-00012322-00012510 chemical compound double carbonate of
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00050-00012511-00012784 copper and sodium on his 13th birthday
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00051-00012785-00013030 he initiated his life work buying a
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00052-00013031-00013275 chunk of indigo worth $2 for his first
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00053-00013276-00013488 dye experiments when still a schoolboy
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00054-00013490-00013681 his chemistry teacher at the friedrich
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00055-00013682-00013869 wilhelm gymnasium appointed him as his
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00056-00013870-00013930 assistant
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00057-00013931-00014209 after graduating from secondary school
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00058-00014210-00014518 in 1853 he entered the Berlin University
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00059-00014519-00014818 to study physics and mathematics a stint
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00060-00014819-00014983 in the Prussian army interrupted his
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00061-00014984-00015175 study until 1856
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00062-00015176-00015349 when he returned to academia at the
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00063-00015350-00015547 University of Heidelberg intending to
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00064-00015547-00015753 study chemistry under Robert Bunsen
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00065-00015754-00015966 after an argument with the renowned
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00066-00015968-00016024 chemist
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00067-00016025-00016243 however he changed his mentor to August
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00068-00016244-00016497 kekulé II he continued to collaborate
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00069-00016498-00016702 with Kaku lay even after he returned to
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00070-00016703-00016969 Berlin in 1858 for the completion of his
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00071-00016970-00017017 Doctor
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00072-00017018-00017604 arsenic methyl chloride or cata Dilek
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00073-00017605-00018174 topic academic career and achievements
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00074-00018175-00018393 after completing his doctorate he
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00075-00018394-00018582 followed Kaku Lee to the university of
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00076-00018583-00018771 ghent when Kaku Lee became professor
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00077-00018772-00019035 there he became a lecturer at the Berlin
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00078-00019036-00019260 gallery in stitute royal trade academy
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00079-00019261-00019473 in 1860 and a professor at the
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00080-00019474-00019938 University of Strasbourg in 1871 in 1875
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00081-00019939-00020163 he succeeded Justus von Liebig as
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00082-00020164-00020376 chemistry professor at the University of
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00083-00020377-00020604 Munich Bayers chief achievements include
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00084-00020605-00020778 the synthesis and description of the
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00085-00020779-00020982 plant dye indigo the discovery of the
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00086-00020983-00021183 thousand eyes and the investigation of
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00087-00021184-00021462 poly acetylenes oxonium salts nitroso
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00088-00021463-00021806 compounds 1869 and uric acid derivatives
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00089-00021807-00022086 1860 and onwards including the discovery
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00090-00022087-00022401 of barbiturate acid 1864 the parent
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00091-00022402-00022656 compound of the barbiturates he was the
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00092-00022657-00022860 first to propose the correct formula for
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00093-00022861-00023147 indle in 1869 after publishing the first
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00094-00023148-00023394 synthesis three years earlier his
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00095-00023395-00023625 contributions to theoretical chemistry
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00096-00023626-00023811 include the strength spanning theory of
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00097-00023812-00024024 triple bonds and strain theory in small
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00098-00024025-00024402 carbon rings in 1871 he discovered the
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00099-00024403-00024569 synthesis of phenolphtalein by
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00100-00024570-00024780 condensation of phthalic anhydride with
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00101-00024781-00024972 two equivalents of phenol under acidic
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00102-00024973-00025278 conditions hence the name that same year
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00103-00025279-00025464 he was the first to obtain synthetic
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00104-00025465-00025677 fluorescein a fluorophore pigment which
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00105-00025677-00025893 is similar to naturally-occurring pi /
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00106-00025894-00026015 dim that is synthesized by
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00107-00026016-00026252 microorganisms eg by some fluorescent
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00108-00026254-00026558 strains of Pseudomonas Bayer named his
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00109-00026560-00026844 finding resort in Tallinn as he had
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00110-00026845-00027000 synthesized it from phthalic anhydride
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00111-00027001-00027210 and resource and all the term
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00112-00027211-00027393 fluorescein would not start to be used
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00113-00027394-00027885 until 1878 in 1872 he experimented with
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00114-00027886-00028104 phenol and formaldehyde the resinous
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00115-00028105-00028271 product was a precursor for leo
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00116-00028272-00028467 baekeland later commercialization of
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00117-00028468-00028842 bakelite in 1881 the Royal Society of
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00118-00028843-00029058 London awarded Bayer the Davy medal for
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00119-00029058-00029319 his work with indigo he was elected a
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00120-00029320-00029469 foreign honorary member of the American
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00121-00029470-00029882 Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1884 in
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00122-00029883-00030150 1905 he was awarded the Nobel Prize in
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00123-00030151-00030446 Chemistry in recognition of his services
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00124-00030447-00030663 in the advancement of organic chemistry
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00125-00030664-00030873 and the chemical industry through his
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00126-00030874-00031139 work on organic dyes and hydro aromatic
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00127-00031141-00031298 compounds
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00128-00031299-00031529 and he continued in full active work as
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00129-00031530-00031691 one of the best known teachers in the
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00130-00031692-00031883 world of organic chemistry up to within
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00131-00031883-00032329 a year of his death
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00132-00032330-00032793 topic honors
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00133-00032794-00033133 1881 Davy medal of the Royal Society in
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00134-00033134-00033550 London 1884 American Academy of Arts and
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00135-00033551-00033928 Sciences fellow 1885 survey in the
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00136-00033929-00034129 hereditary nobility of the kingdom of
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00137-00034130-00034516 Bavaria 1895 admission into the order
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00138-00034517-00034906 por la merit for sciences and arts 1903
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00139-00034907-00035122 Liebig medal awarded by the German
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00140-00035123-00035542 Chemical Society 1905 Nobel Prize in
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00141-00035543-00035806 Chemistry since 1911 is established the
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00142-00035807-00036010 adolf von baeyer medal which is awarded
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00143-00036011-00036096 annually
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00144-00036097-00036418 his name is reflected in various name
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00145-00036419-00036685 reactions as the Bay Area lager
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00146-00036686-00036940 oxidation and Bayers reagent there is
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00147-00036941-00037147 also the von Bayer nomenclature in
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00148-00037148-00037354 structural chemistry and Bayer strain
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00149-00037355-00037540 theory which granted him the Nobel Prize
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00150-00037541-00037891 of alicyclic compounds he was elected
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00151-00037892-00038113 member to several scientific academies
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00152-00038114-00038360 in 1884 to the Prussian Academy of
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00153-00038361-00038638 Sciences in 1885 a foreign member of the
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00154-00038639-00038962 Royal Society in 2009 von Bayern lunar
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00155-00038963-00039389 crater was named after him
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00156-00039390-00039925 topic personal life
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00157-00039926-00040264 in 1868 Bayer married Adelheid Leda
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00158-00040265-00040465 Penman the daughter of a family friend
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00159-00040466-00040609 and together the couple had three
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00160-00040610-00041162 children Eugenie Hans and Otto
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00161-00041163-00041678 topic references
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00162-00041679-00042236 topic external links
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00163-00042237-00042499 biography biography from nobelprize.org
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00164-00042500-00042901 website speech given by Professor a
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00165-00042902-00043151 linstedt president of the Royal Swedish
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00166-00043152-00043392 Academy of Sciences on December 10th
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00167-00043393-00043673 1905 upon Bayers receiving the Nobel
+1dNJBax7Ys0-00168-00043674-00043899 Prize
+1eoRk_NQduA-00000-00001003-00001579 [Music]
+1eoRk_NQduA-00001-00001580-00001998 thank you
+1eoRk_NQduA-00002-00001998-00003107 [Music]
+1eoRk_NQduA-00003-00003108-00003461 me
+1eoRk_NQduA-00005-00006840-00007527 foreign
+1eoRk_NQduA-00006-00007528-00010027 [Music]
+1eoRk_NQduA-00007-00010028-00010445 [Applause]
+1eoRk_NQduA-00008-00010446-00010717 [Music]
+1eoRk_NQduA-00009-00010718-00011536 thank you
+1eoRk_NQduA-00010-00011537-00012558 [Music]
+1eoRk_NQduA-00011-00012559-00013607 [Music]
+1eoRk_NQduA-00012-00013608-00013707 foreign
+1eoRk_NQduA-00013-00013708-00014433 [Music]
+1e-d9UTy0Ak-00000-00000000-00000304 foreign
+1e-d9UTy0Ak-00001-00000305-00000651 [Music]
+1e-d9UTy0Ak-00002-00000652-00000680 [Applause]
+1e-d9UTy0Ak-00003-00000681-00000868 [Music]
+1e-d9UTy0Ak-00004-00000869-00001002 [Applause]
+1e-d9UTy0Ak-00005-00001003-00003503 [Music]
+1e-d9UTy0Ak-00006-00003504-00003699 for you
+1e-d9UTy0Ak-00007-00003700-00005263 [Music]
+1e-d9UTy0Ak-00008-00005264-00005448 all the times
+1e-d9UTy0Ak-00009-00005449-00006600 [Music]
+1e-d9UTy0Ak-00010-00006601-00007483 [Music]
+1e-d9UTy0Ak-00011-00007484-00009749 [Music]
+1e-d9UTy0Ak-00012-00009750-00009907 foreign
+1e-d9UTy0Ak-00013-00009908-00012486 [Music]
+1eGZtEUrTUo-00000-00000014-00000790 really strange behavior that I get with
+1eGZtEUrTUo-00001-00000791-00001385 school screen flickering and all kinds
+1eGZtEUrTUo-00002-00001386-00001639 of artifacts and that I don't know if
+1eGZtEUrTUo-00003-00001641-00001948 and being frame rate is able to capture
+1eGZtEUrTUo-00004-00001950-00003915 I get this with Colonel 4.4 and 4.13 and
+1eGZtEUrTUo-00005-00003917-00004822 4.14 and it all and it always happens
+1eGZtEUrTUo-00006-00004823-00005333 whenever I get whenever my my my
+1eGZtEUrTUo-00007-00005334-00005869 computer wakes up from sleep
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00000-00000145-00000361 well it's very nice to be here thank you
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00001-00000362-00000507 all for coming especially in the rain
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00002-00000508-00000835 and what I want to do today is to talk a
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00003-00000836-00001215 little bit about what happens when
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00004-00001216-00001431 different forms of local scientific
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00005-00001432-00001752 knowledge collide and how they interact
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00006-00001753-00002049 we have a picture that we inherited from
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00007-00002050-00002395 the 1920s and 1930s about how knowledge
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00008-00002396-00002595 and innovation in science functioned and
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00009-00002596-00002872 it began with a picture that the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00010-00002873-00003066 positivist wanted to use as a cudgel
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00011-00003067-00003288 against the metaphysical systems and
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00012-00003289-00003622 clericalism of Austria and they thought
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00013-00003622-00003790 they could do this by bringing things
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00014-00003790-00004155 down to logic on the one side and to
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00015-00004156-00004417 immediate sense experience on the other
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00016-00004418-00004690 and so they thought that innovation and
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00017-00004691-00004852 change in science occurred in an
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00018-00004853-00005077 accumulative or aggregated way that
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00019-00005078-00005254 would minimize the use of theory which
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00020-00005255-00005476 was seen more as a way of codifying the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00021-00005477-00005626 accumulated knowledge and the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00022-00005627-00005794 relationship of sense perceptions
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00023-00005795-00006088 through the new Frager Russell logic
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00024-00006089-00006317 that had been developed and that
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00025-00006318-00006681 scientific perception and language would
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00026-00006683-00006898 come in bits little bricks that could be
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00027-00006898-00007147 built together of the form smell ozone
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00028-00007148-00007498 here 8:00 a.m. and that by using the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00029-00007498-00007705 logical connectives and the immediate
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00030-00007706-00007906 sense perceptions that you would be able
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00031-00007906-00008080 to construct something that was out of
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00032-00008081-00008428 the reach of metaphysical systems and so
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00033-00008429-00008614 if you wanted to make a kind of schema
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00034-00008615-00008902 of this picture of this idea it was the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00035-00008903-00009124 theory changed but theory was a kind of
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00036-00009125-00009379 f of phenomenal thing it was not a great
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00037-00009380-00009571 weight and what really mattered was
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00038-00009572-00009769 observation and it's logical connectives
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00039-00009770-00009961 so as time went on from left-to-right
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00040-00009962-00010216 theories successively got better enable
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00041-00010217-00010402 in being able to grasp a larger and
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00042-00010403-00010678 larger percentage of the observed world
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00043-00010679-00010807 and the observed world was getting
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00044-00010808-00011101 larger and this represented the kind of
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00045-00011102-00011350 golden thread that went through science
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00046-00011351-00011703 and that held it in one piece and gave
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00047-00011704-00011889 what they hoped would be a unification
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00048-00011890-00012308 project of science its merit and
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00049-00012309-00012683 that's political cast in the 1930s as it
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00050-00012684-00013016 was seen to be a weapon against the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00051-00013016-00013403 bakeries of nationalism and Nazism that
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00052-00013404-00013622 were dividing the world and that instead
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00053-00013622-00013919 one could ground some language of
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00054-00013919-00014072 science which was cumulative and
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00055-00014072-00014282 aggregative and would represent a
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00056-00014283-00014630 worldview a way of living and not just a
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00057-00014631-00015032 way of doing science after World War two
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00058-00015033-00015288 and I'm schematized ruthlessly here
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00059-00015290-00015557 they're developed through the work of
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00060-00015558-00015968 Thomas Kuhn and many others a kind of
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00061-00015969-00016222 revolt against this aggregate of a
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00062-00016222-00016532 cumulus picture of knowledge and their
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00063-00016533-00016747 view was that in fact theory far from
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00064-00016748-00017015 being secondary was actually the bedrock
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00065-00017016-00017210 it was the beginning of things and
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00066-00017211-00017575 theory subordinated observation
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00067-00017576-00017813 attending too much to experiment was a
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00068-00017814-00018050 mistake instruments were not even in the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00069-00018051-00018275 picture and the goal was to study
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00070-00018276-00018553 through perceptual psychology and
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00071-00018554-00018824 philosophical moves at Vidkun Stein and
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00072-00018825-00019075 others Kuhn Mary has such aural Holton
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00073-00019076-00019397 Anson and others began to see a world of
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00074-00019398-00019667 science that was framed to such a degree
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00075-00019668-00019952 by theory that what counted as a valid
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00076-00019953-00020272 observation itself was dictated from
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00077-00020273-00020741 above by the framework of theory and so
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00078-00020742-00021097 you had a picture from experimental site
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00079-00021098-00021314 uh it's like perceptual psychology for
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00080-00021315-00021505 instance where people had noticed that
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00081-00021506-00021887 if you flip through cards rapidly that
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00082-00021888-00022030 you wouldn't even notice that one of
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00083-00022031-00022228 them was a red card as opposed to a
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00084-00022229-00022469 spade and so it would simply be
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00085-00022470-00022831 assimilated to your expectations this is
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00086-00022832-00023069 a simple example there are others of
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00087-00023070-00023240 course like the famous
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00088-00023241-00023512 duck rabbit Gestalt switch that seemed
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00089-00023513-00023780 to indicate for people of this anti
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00090-00023781-00023999 positivist generation in the 1960s and
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00091-00024000-00024416 1970s that theory dictated what counted
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00092-00024417-00024611 is what there is no perception of this
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00093-00024612-00024968 figure that is simply neutral line it is
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00094-00024969-00025609 either ears or a beak on
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00095-00025610-00025877 screen but we never have the view of raw
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00096-00025877-00026149 perception outside of the framing
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00097-00026150-00026392 conceptual structure of our theories and
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00098-00026393-00026914 that was fundamental for that generation
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00099-00026915-00027205 of anti positivists who saw theory as
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00100-00027206-00027424 framing the observations to such a
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00101-00027425-00027721 degree that science itself fell into
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00102-00027722-00028157 islands in Koons metaphor these were
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00103-00028158-00028367 like ships passing in the night or
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00104-00028368-00028523 elsewhere he talks about a conversion
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00105-00028524-00028751 experience that could take you from one
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00106-00028752-00028907 way of looking at the world to another
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00107-00028908-00029210 which would include or dis include this
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00108-00029211-00029486 included or exclude certain observations
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00109-00029487-00029732 altogether there was no magic strand
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00110-00029733-00029902 that carried through and held science
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00111-00029903-00030076 together instead science was
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00112-00030077-00030629 fundamentally discrete in this sense so
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00113-00030630-00030851 an example might be special relativity
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00114-00030852-00031055 where the positivist saw this is this
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00115-00031056-00031261 long sequence of careful experiments
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00116-00031262-00031471 that show to a better and better degree
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00117-00031472-00031682 that there was no ether ether which
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00118-00031683-00031826 couldn't be more than this effect and
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00119-00031827-00031967 that effect and so on and then
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00120-00031968-00032267 asymptotically Minds mind simply took
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00121-00032268-00032539 the capstone on on that arch and said
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00122-00032540-00032857 there's no ether the anti positivist
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00123-00032858-00033052 reading was very different it said that
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00124-00033053-00033268 in the you know in one world the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00125-00033269-00033542 Newtonian world space and time were
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00126-00033543-00033808 parts of the sensorium of God and in the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00127-00033809-00034027 Einsteinian world space and time was the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00128-00034028-00034312 behavior of rulers and clocks and there
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00129-00034313-00034474 really had very little to do with one
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00130-00034475-00034708 another even if in a formal sense you
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00131-00034709-00034886 could show certain correspondence
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00132-00034887-00035135 between the equations that the term T or
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00133-00035136-00035417 the term X in those equations referred
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00134-00035418-00035701 to a different world one to God and the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00135-00035702-00036187 other to a ruler um and so in the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00136-00036188-00036424 particular case of looking at relativity
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00137-00036425-00036680 Newtonian theory and his picture of the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00138-00036681-00036857 deity in its role in it shaped
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00139-00036858-00037067 observation and Einsteinian theory
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00140-00037068-00037240 shaped Einstein Ian's observation and
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00141-00037241-00037627 never the two should meet the problem is
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00142-00037628-00037957 from a point of view of the history of
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00143-00037958-00038245 physics is that the big breaks of theory
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00144-00038246-00038474 like 1900 with the quantum 1905 with
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00145-00038475-00038762 special relativity 1915 with generality
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00146-00038763-00039036 19:26 with non relativistic quantum
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00147-00039037-00039297 mechanics are good brakes in the history
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00148-00039298-00039477 of theory but they don't correspond to
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00149-00039478-00039633 much of anything in the change of
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00150-00039634-00039906 instrumentation or experimentation and
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00151-00039907-00040304 in fact a lot of my work has been
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00152-00040305-00040548 looking at these different subcultures
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00153-00040549-00040794 of physics at the way experiments work
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00154-00040795-00041004 and way experimenters see the world at
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00155-00041005-00041217 the way instrument makers see the world
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00156-00041218-00041430 and at the way theorists see the world
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00157-00041431-00041751 and the question is first to understand
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00158-00041752-00041961 the different rhythms and dynamics of
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00159-00041962-00042123 the changes within these cultures how
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00160-00042124-00042381 they fabricate knowledge in their domain
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00161-00042382-00042636 and then the question is how do they put
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00162-00042637-00042861 this together and that becomes to
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00163-00042862-00043197 dominate the dominant strand of of work
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00164-00043198-00043503 that has occupied me for a very long
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00165-00043504-00043749 time so if one wanted to make a
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00166-00043750-00044051 periodization again in the same crude
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00167-00044052-00044346 cartoonish way as I indicated for the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00168-00044347-00044580 positivist and anti positivist picture
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00169-00044581-00044778 we would see that there were breaks at
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00170-00044779-00044991 the level of experiment breaks at the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00171-00044992-00045195 level of instrumentation breaks at the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00172-00045196-00045381 level of theory but that it was a
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00173-00045382-00045633 contingent not a necessary fact that
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00174-00045634-00045825 these should occur at the same time and
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00175-00045826-00046020 in fact there's good reason to expect
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00176-00046021-00046248 they wouldn't occur at the same time if
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00177-00046249-00046482 you have a brand new theory you're a lot
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00178-00046483-00046689 more likely to be able to persuade your
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00179-00046690-00047004 colleagues to believe it on the basis of
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00180-00047005-00047133 instruments that are known to work
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00181-00047134-00047346 rather than saying I have a new theory
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00182-00047347-00047541 that's going to require a new instrument
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00183-00047542-00047715 that you don't trust and a new
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00184-00047716-00047868 experimental procedure that you've never
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00185-00047869-00048153 seen before so you actually have some
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00186-00048154-00048294 incentive in the construction of
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00187-00048295-00048597 knowledge to intercalate these different
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00188-00048598-00048879 strands then the question is I mean this
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00189-00048880-00049005 seems to me more or less a
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00190-00049006-00049167 straightforward
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00191-00049168-00049392 historical empirical fact that
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00192-00049393-00049674 experiments instruments and theories
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00193-00049675-00049763 don't
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00194-00049764-00050082 kopi realized that 1905 doesn't
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00195-00050083-00050208 correspond to much of anything in the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00196-00050209-00050373 history of instrumentation or the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00197-00050374-00050615 development of the cloud chamber doesn't
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00198-00050616-00050928 instantaneously change theory and then
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00199-00050929-00051180 the question is how do if it's true that
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00200-00051181-00051450 these different subcultures of physics
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00201-00051451-00051711 actually parse the world differently to
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00202-00051712-00051755 see
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00203-00051757-00051965 with different rhythms organized their
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00204-00051966-00052119 demonstration strategies in different
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00205-00052120-00052284 ways that is to say have different ways
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00206-00052285-00052539 of securing the knowledge please come in
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00207-00052540-00052935 and then the question is how do they
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00208-00052936-00053112 communicate at all doesn't thus this
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00209-00053113-00053307 simply redouble the problem with which
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00210-00053308-00053688 we began namely the kuhnian disjunction
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00211-00053689-00053877 makes it impossible to understand the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00212-00053878-00054092 felt continuity of science over time by
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00213-00054094-00054336 scientists working in these schools that
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00214-00054337-00054674 don't actually suddenly fail to talk in
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00215-00054675-00055044 1905 and the question then is how did
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00216-00055045-00055946 these different strands interact so what
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00217-00055947-00056388 the the principal idea of what I've
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00218-00056389-00056640 called the training zone is that we've
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00219-00056641-00056859 come to see the development of science
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00220-00056860-00057069 as having important local effects that
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00221-00057070-00057228 is to say to understand the development
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00222-00057229-00057450 of a new technique in biology or
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00223-00057451-00057732 chemistry or physics that we can't treat
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00224-00057733-00057888 ideas as if they're freely floating
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00225-00057889-00058203 things and that we need to see in fact
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00226-00058204-00058482 how in detail the particular
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00227-00058483-00058716 circumstances of instruments and related
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00228-00058716-00059005 technologies available certain places or
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00229-00059007-00059255 computational techniques so we need to
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00230-00059257-00059520 sort of see the origin of science in its
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00231-00059521-00059796 particularity in a particular spot at
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00232-00059797-00060000 the same time this has been associated
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00233-00060001-00060279 or married to a completely non-local
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00234-00060279-00060603 idea of language in the work of Kuhn and
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00235-00060604-00060852 even much more modern figures in the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00236-00060853-00061011 history sociology and philosophy of
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00237-00061012-00061287 science in that picture you go from some
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00238-00061288-00061497 speaking Newtonian to speaking
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00239-00061498-00061683 einsteinium and it's supposed to
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00240-00061684-00061926 resemble the radical difference between
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00241-00061927-00062141 trying to translate between say french
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00242-00062142-00062535 and german the problem is that this
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00243-00062536-00062691 picture of a local construction of
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00244-00062691-00062883 knowledge and a non-local picture of
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00245-00062884-00063060 language doesn't go together very well
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00246-00063061-00063432 and we can ask the question how when say
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00247-00063433-00063704 a string theorist wants to talk to an
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00248-00063705-00064004 algebraic geometers or a chemist and
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00249-00064004-00064233 biologists want to talk at the beginning
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00250-00064234-00064405 of what we come to know is biochemistry
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00251-00064407-00064635 how do they in fact speak to one another
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00252-00064636-00064947 is it the kind of radical translation
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00253-00064948-00065100 that was advocated
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00254-00065101-00065417 by the anti positivists in the 60s 70s
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00255-00065419-00065697 and 80s and I think that's not what in
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00256-00065698-00066000 fact what happens is much more like what
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00257-00066001-00066267 happens in Alsace Lorraine were in the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00258-00066268-00066516 creoles and pidgins and jargons that
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00259-00066517-00066771 exist that are built up at the real
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00260-00066772-00067092 thick boundaries in natural language
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00261-00067093-00067301 that is to say we're quite used to the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00262-00067302-00067718 formulation of specific jargons or
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00263-00067719-00067992 localized set of terms that develop in
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00264-00067993-00068300 the coordination say between a fishing
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00265-00068301-00068481 community and a wheat growing community
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00266-00068482-00068748 on the beach of their exchange so to
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00267-00068749-00068931 speak with pigeons which are more
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00268-00068932-00069162 functional exchange languages that have
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00269-00069163-00069342 particular applications they might be
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00270-00069343-00069543 for instance a specific trade language
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00271-00069544-00069851 and Creoles which are full-fledged inter
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00272-00069852-00070023 languages which are developed to the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00273-00070024-00070209 point where you can so to speak grow up
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00274-00070210-00070625 in them and what's interested me is to
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00275-00070626-00070850 take these ideas that come from
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00276-00070851-00071087 anthropological linguistics and to look
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00277-00071088-00071241 at what happens in the formation of
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00278-00071242-00071517 knowledge especially in the relationship
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00279-00071518-00071754 of different scientific domains whether
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00280-00071755-00071969 they're different subcultures within a
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00281-00071970-00072263 specific field like physics or between
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00282-00072264-00072504 physics and biology or biology chemistry
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00283-00072505-00072837 or one of the sciences and fields
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00284-00072838-00073149 outside of the range of the sciences in
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00285-00073150-00073313 the more technological domains whether
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00286-00073314-00073463 it's military technology or
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00287-00073464-00073718 computational technology and to look at
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00288-00073719-00074141 the way that language is coordinated
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00289-00074142-00074448 language and techniques get coordinated
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00290-00074449-00074742 in this thick boundary area and how it
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00291-00074743-00074898 develops from very specific
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00292-00074899-00075048 coordinations of the level the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00293-00075049-00075240 scientific of scientific jargons to
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00294-00075241-00075476 scientific pigeons to scientific Creoles
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00295-00075477-00075924 and this isn't to make I think it's
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00296-00075925-00076193 important to note that my argument is
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00297-00076194-00076355 not that there are pure fields like
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00298-00076356-00076605 physics and biology chemistry and then
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00299-00076606-00076844 hybrid fields that's in fact everything
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00300-00076845-00077231 is hybrid in this way physics that we
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00301-00077232-00077462 know today as the pure field of physics
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00302-00077463-00077738 is an amalgamation very complicated one
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00303-00077739-00078074 of different branches of thought
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00304-00078075-00078292 my way partly from the new
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00305-00078293-00078497 experimentation that has owes a lot to
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00306-00078498-00078886 crafts in the early modern era to the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00307-00078887-00079132 antique exact sciences that dealt only
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00308-00079133-00079399 with static or pure systems from the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00309-00079400-00079760 time of Plato and before and these mixed
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00310-00079761-00080049 fields of experimental and mathematical
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00311-00080050-00080324 combinations that helped get got formed
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00312-00080325-00080449 in what we call the Scientific
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00313-00080450-00080857 Revolution of the 17th century if one
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00314-00080858-00081116 thinks about these training zones these
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00315-00081117-00081376 coordinate of zones where techniques and
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00316-00081377-00081653 language are built up from say a
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00317-00081654-00081848 specific set of shared terms and
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00318-00081849-00082006 techniques between biology and chemistry
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00319-00082007-00082261 to biochemistry which has journals and
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00320-00082262-00082681 meetings and biochemists that this is
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00321-00082682-00082876 something that occurs over time and
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00322-00082877-00083165 rather than the picture of translating
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00323-00083166-00083401 in a radical way French to English this
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00324-00083402-00083624 idea of a diatonic concept of the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00325-00083625-00083891 coordination of knowledge in both its
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00326-00083892-00084236 material and its and its linguistic form
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00327-00084237-00084466 is something that can give us some
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00328-00084467-00084925 process locality then is also something
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00329-00084926-00085217 that can help here because unlike saying
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00330-00085218-00085517 English as if it was something Universal
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00331-00085518-00085679 that we can look at language as
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00332-00085680-00085892 associated not with a free-floating
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00333-00085893-00086104 entity but with particular places in
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00334-00086105-00086317 person something that we can see in its
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00335-00086318-00086573 detail and contextual 'ti because
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00336-00086574-00086729 scientific technical language is always
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00337-00086730-00086936 evolved in the wider world at the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00338-00086937-00087122 intersection for instance in the 20th
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00339-00087123-00087382 and 21st century of science and military
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00340-00087383-00087590 so for example if you want to understand
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00341-00087591-00087775 the development of computer simulations
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00342-00087776-00088046 it's impossible not to see that in the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00343-00088047-00088204 context of understanding Neutron
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00344-00088205-00088523 diffusion in attempts to model the first
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00345-00088524-00088812 atomic bomb or the very complicated
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00346-00088813-00088976 hydrodynamic anew
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00347-00088977-00089259 the hydrogen bomb and those techniques
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00348-00089260-00089562 carry over in a very immediate way into
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00349-00089563-00089859 the development of physics in the 19
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00350-00089860-00090387 late 1940s beyond a specific example of
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00351-00090388-00090573 the way you might see these trading
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00352-00090574-00090789 zones would be to go back to the example
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00353-00090790-00091023 of special relativity where one of
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00354-00091024-00091230 Einstein's great and famous innovations
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00355-00091231-00091494 was to say that time needed to be
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00356-00091495-00091782 reconsidered to be nothing other than
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00357-00091783-00091959 the behavior of properly synchronized
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00358-00091960-00092211 clocks if we wanted to know what was
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00359-00092212-00092472 simultaneous right here that's not a
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00360-00092473-00092664 problem of the Train excellence as
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00361-00092665-00092859 arrives in front of my nose at 7 o'clock
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00362-00092860-00093042 I mean just that the small hand of my
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00363-00093043-00093315 watch is pointing to the 7 but if I want
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00364-00093316-00093504 to say it arrived at the next town over
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00365-00093505-00093795 there at 7 o'clock I need some way of
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00366-00093796-00094005 coordinating those clocks and he
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00367-00094006-00094206 suggested the simple but profound notion
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00368-00094207-00094395 that you should coordinate your clocks
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00369-00094396-00094587 by exchanging a light signal between the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00370-00094588-00094842 two clocks send it on a round-trip see
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00371-00094843-00095016 how long it takes and then setting the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00372-00095017-00095223 distant clock to be half that speed that
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00373-00095224-00095487 half that time difference when it was
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00374-00095488-00095715 the signal so if it takes two seconds
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00375-00095716-00095943 these are far away towns to go back and
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00376-00095944-00096411 forth then we know that it could take
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00377-00096412-00096579 one second to go one way and so I
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00378-00096580-00096843 flashed my signal at 12:00 and you set
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00379-00096844-00097203 your clock at 12 plus one second and for
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00380-00097204-00097401 Parker who was also working on similar
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00381-00097402-00097647 problems in the late 19th century he
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00382-00097648-00097863 began by being head of the bureau of
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00383-00097864-00098294 longitude in Paris and his job was to
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00384-00098295-00098568 figure out how to synchronize clocks all
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00385-00098569-00098700 over the world through the French
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00386-00098701-00098904 telegraphic network which was going to
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00387-00098905-00099039 give him a way of determining the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00388-00099040-00099324 longitude of places like Brazil which
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00389-00099325-00099471 was rather important if you didn't want
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00390-00099472-00099912 your ships to all think so and then he
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00391-00099913-00100116 came to understand that this was a
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00392-00100117-00100428 routine matter in finding longitude and
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00393-00100429-00100668 coordinating clocks and he began to use
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00394-00100669-00100836 that as part of his arguments within the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00395-00100837-00101037 philosophy of science about what it
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00396-00101038-00101325 meant just talk about simultaneity at
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00397-00101326-00101520 all so in that intersection between
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00398-00101521-00101739 philosophy this burgeoning field of
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00399-00101740-00101919 philosophy of science that he helped
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00400-00101920-00102159 create and the technology of time sink
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00401-00102160-00102465 this notion of coordination became very
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00402-00102466-00102617 important which I've marked in the red
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00403-00102618-00103023 square marked T and then in 1900 he
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00404-00103024-00103176 realized that there was actually kind of
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00405-00103177-00103379 triple intersection kind of this is a
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00406-00103380-00103565 very minimal training zone this is it
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00407-00103566-00103790 what's in common between these fields of
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00408-00103791-00103985 the electrodynamics of moving bodies and
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00409-00103986-00104204 his relativity theory the technology of
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00410-00104205-00104432 time synchronization of making maps and
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00411-00104433-00104684 the philosophy of time was simply this
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00412-00104685-00104940 notion of how to coordinate clocks so
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00413-00104941-00105260 this notion of coordinating clocks stood
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00414-00105261-00105483 at the intersection if you say is it
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00415-00105483-00105733 really part of relativity really part of
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00416-00105734-00105953 longitude finding a really part of the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00417-00105954-00106166 philosophy of time that doesn't make
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00418-00106167-00106343 much sense it's like asking whether
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00419-00106344-00106731 which road the intersection is in the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00420-00106732-00107015 intersection is defined by the crossing
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00421-00107016-00107331 of those different roads and this sort
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00422-00107332-00107552 of thing is what's interested me in many
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00423-00107553-00107777 different context during World War two
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00424-00107778-00108006 for instance the atomic bomb project
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00425-00108007-00108203 looked like it was going to grind to a
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00426-00108204-00108410 halt Vigna wrote the President of the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00427-00108411-00108582 United States mos'ly dealt a letter
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00428-00108583-00108873 saying that if the engineers and the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00429-00108874-00109108 physicists and the theorists didn't
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00430-00109109-00109358 start doing things in coordination
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00431-00109359-00109685 Hitler would win the war and Compton
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00432-00109686-00109908 came down and through this chart about
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00433-00109908-00110100 how the engineers the development people
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00434-00110101-00110327 the theorists the physicists and the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00435-00110328-00110550 chemists had to speak to one another and
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00436-00110551-00110804 they had to develop languages to make
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00437-00110805-00111198 that coordination and now we see in in
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00438-00111199-00111399 the current world all sorts of places
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00439-00111400-00111663 where these local coordinated trading
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00440-00111664-00111888 zones occur we see that for instance in
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00441-00111889-00112119 the nanotechnology building just around
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00442-00112120-00112352 the corner we are surface chemists
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00443-00112353-00112484 electrical engineers and atomic
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00444-00112485-00112685 physicists have to sometimes very
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00445-00112686-00112857 laborious ly learn to be able to
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00446-00112858-00113070 coordinate their terms how each of them
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00447-00113071-00113382 uses the term nanotubes for example is
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00448-00113383-00113585 somewhat different and yet there's
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00449-00113586-00113828 enough in common for them to begin to
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00450-00113829-00114164 construct first a jargon than a pidgin
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00451-00114165-00114452 then ultimately a Creole in string
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00452-00114453-00114738 theory at the high end of abstraction
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00453-00114739-00114939 the geometers the algebraic geometers
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00454-00114940-00115128 and the field theorists had a very hard
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00455-00115129-00115266 time for speaking to one
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00456-00115267-00115439 and they too have had to develop
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00457-00115440-00115658 commonalities not only in the objects
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00458-00115659-00115851 they're talking about but the nature of
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00459-00115852-00116141 intuitions and demonstrations so on and
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00460-00116142-00116358 simulations as I've mentioned across
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00461-00116358-00116601 many different scientific fields this is
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00462-00116602-00116898 the nano building this is an example of
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00463-00116899-00117138 a simulation but these come on to Carlo
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00464-00117139-00117359 simulations wander back and forth among
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00465-00117360-00117588 many different domains statistics
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00466-00117589-00117938 physics nuclear weapons astronomy and
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00467-00117939-00118281 even in particle physics especially in
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00468-00118282-00118530 particle physics one begins to see ways
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00469-00118531-00118704 in which the myriad of different
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00470-00118705-00118995 industrial and scientific groups have to
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00471-00118996-00119190 coordinate the different parts in a big
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00472-00119191-00119367 detector like this which was never built
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00473-00119368-00119640 analogous ones were built at CERN just
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00474-00119641-00119861 about to start up each of these
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00475-00119863-00120057 different colored parts of the detector
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00476-00120058-00120233 is actually owned by different groups
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00477-00120234-00120465 around the world and the coordination of
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00478-00120466-00120611 the knowledge that they produce in these
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00479-00120613-00120780 different sectors is actually
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00480-00120781-00120986 fundamental to demonstrating anything at
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00481-00120988-00121575 all so in a way what I'm these are the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00482-00121576-00121752 kinds of concerns that interest me what
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00483-00121753-00122189 are not to say something like there is
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00484-00122190-00122568 symbiosis between fields not to say
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00485-00122569-00122793 there's collaboration that seems to me a
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00486-00122794-00123033 little bit like Moliere is famous it
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00487-00123033-00123195 puts you to sleep because of its dormant
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00488-00123196-00123426 powers I know their work I know they're
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00489-00123427-00123708 collaborating that's the problem not the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00490-00123708-00123881 answer
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00491-00123882-00124058 interdisciplinarity doesn't tell you
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00492-00124059-00124356 anything that just labels the site where
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00493-00124357-00124733 we need to dig and what I think we
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00494-00124734-00124983 should be digging for is to understand
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00495-00124983-00125277 quite precisely what are the shared
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00496-00125278-00125394 techniques what are the shared
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00497-00125395-00125534 instruments what are the shared
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00498-00125535-00125778 theoretical notions how do they work how
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00499-00125779-00125933 do they expand how do they relate to the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00500-00125934-00126231 larger context of use in the constituent
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00501-00126232-00126458 subcultures that are trying to trade
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00502-00126459-00126690 what works in the coordinate of zone
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00503-00126691-00126915 what doesn't work or systematically you
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00504-00126916-00127148 could ask for instance what
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00505-00127149-00127347 characteristically when chemists and
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00506-00127348-00127503 physicists or chemists and biologists
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00507-00127504-00127752 what characteristically comes from each
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00508-00127753-00127944 of these domains so for example during
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00509-00127945-00128145 World War two they let the radio
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00510-00128146-00128310 engineers and the business
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00511-00128311-00128545 had to coordinate their work at MIT and
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00512-00128546-00128989 in poverty and the physicists said oh
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00513-00128990-00129127 you know we had this complicated device
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00514-00129128-00129354 we now to solve that we just used you
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00515-00129355-00129556 know use our greens functions and we'll
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00516-00129557-00129729 solve it and the engineers said sure
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00517-00129730-00129979 yeah solve it and the physicists came
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00518-00129980-00130108 back a couple of weeks later these are
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00519-00130108-00130233 some of the best physicists the world
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00520-00130234-00130576 and they said we have no idea and the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00521-00130577-00130717 radio engineer said well how about this
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00522-00130718-00130908 what we do and we have a problem like
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00523-00130909-00131079 how does a loudspeaker function in a
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00524-00131080-00131251 certain a circuit is you don't try to do
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00525-00131252-00131395 the physics of the loudspeaker we say
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00526-00131396-00131632 what comes in what goes out now let's
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00527-00131633-00131872 solve ignore what happens in the black
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00528-00131873-00132129 box oh that's interesting
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00529-00132130-00132334 the engineers sent make us a black box
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00530-00132335-00132561 so the physicists began to learn a
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00531-00132562-00132931 coordinate of coordinate their work we
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00532-00132932-00133126 have the engineers the physicists
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00533-00133127-00133402 providing certain fundamental notions
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00534-00133403-00133669 about microwaves and so on and the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00535-00133670-00133921 engineers providing a whole algebra and
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00536-00133922-00134185 way of understanding black box circuitry
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00537-00134186-00134509 so then you can say okay so the sort of
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00538-00134510-00134707 the syntax so to speak is coming from
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00539-00134708-00135007 the radio engineers and the vocabulary
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00540-00135008-00135286 the semantics is coming from the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00541-00135287-00135514 physicists how does that work and what
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00542-00135515-00135712 comes out of that as it begins to be
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00543-00135713-00135934 produced in other words what I want to
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00544-00135935-00136225 push on is what exactly is the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00545-00136226-00136423 coordinated process how does it change
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00546-00136424-00136669 over time and what does that tell us
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00547-00136670-00136957 about the way nonlocalized knowledge
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00548-00136958-00137164 gets produced about the way from
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00549-00137165-00137308 different local settings at different
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00550-00137309-00137506 local scientific cultures we need to do
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00551-00137507-00137788 something that isn't reliant in its
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00552-00137789-00138016 entirety on any one of its constituent
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00553-00138017-00138443 groups
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00554-00138444-00139770 [Applause]
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00555-00139771-00140034 I was really happy to hear that the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00556-00140035-00140217 radar lab example come up because of
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00557-00140218-00140376 course there's been a decent amount of
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00558-00140377-00140655 research done on how cybernetics should
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00559-00140656-00140910 have emerged as if not a Creole coming
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00560-00140911-00141015 out of it but at least a sort of a
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00561-00141016-00141309 shared language for this my approach
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00562-00141310-00141594 into this whole world is that the the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00563-00141595-00141840 most ignoble which is coming out of the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00564-00141841-00142053 venture capital and technology community
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00565-00142054-00142245 and I'm wondering to what extent have
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00566-00142246-00142670 people looked at trade languages between
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00567-00142671-00142929 the engineering community and the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00568-00142930-00143163 business community as have sort of come
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00569-00143164-00143409 out of the innovation communities in
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00570-00143410-00143676 Silicon Valley route 128 so on and so
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00571-00143677-00143916 forth are we seeing any of these sort of
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00572-00143917-00144087 things for now I'm gonna come out of
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00573-00144088-00144360 that meeting of the scientific language
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00574-00144361-00144555 in the commercial language I think
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00575-00144556-00144648 that's a very interesting problem
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00576-00144649-00144783 there's been a little bit of work on it
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00577-00144784-00144999 not a huge amount but it seems to me a
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00578-00145000-00145173 very important area of the search and
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00579-00145174-00145413 you can see the impact of it in all
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00580-00145414-00145653 sorts of ways for instance even in the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00581-00145654-00146117 architecture when a biology lab is built
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00582-00146118-00146382 what any laboratory is built it reflects
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00583-00146383-00146604 certain ideals about what we're that
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00584-00146605-00146775 knowledge sits in the world does your
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00585-00146776-00147069 laboratory resemble a church does your
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00586-00147070-00147360 laboratory resemble a factory does your
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00587-00147361-00147773 laboratory represent I mean these things
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00588-00147774-00148029 altered radically so when laboratory
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00589-00148030-00148269 architecture shifted in and after World
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00590-00148270-00148491 War two to be these more you know
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00591-00148492-00148782 traveling cranes and large bay areas and
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00592-00148783-00149262 it took on the ethos of a large scale
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00593-00149263-00149481 factory not accidentally I mean this is
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00594-00149482-00149676 these were techniques of architecture
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00595-00149677-00149916 and design and production that came out
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00596-00149917-00150120 of building the Bombers and and and
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00597-00150121-00150411 other things for for World War two and
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00598-00150412-00150621 when the people came out of the atomic
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00599-00150622-00150851 bomb project and the radar project they
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00600-00150852-00151104 they began to see themselves as
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00601-00151105-00151347 functioning in what they considered to
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00602-00151348-00151596 be the non-precious academic but rather
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00603-00151597-00152016 than an industrial scale a sense of who
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00604-00152017-00152217 they were and what their what they were
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00605-00152218-00152463 doing and they began to say okay we can
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00606-00152464-00152667 imagine building laboratories the size
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00607-00152668-00152955 of cities we're gonna build
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00608-00152956-00153117 Fermilab and we're gonna build
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00609-00153118-00153306 Brookhaven and we're gonna and and their
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00610-00153307-00153552 model was this industrial one which
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00611-00153553-00153762 comes out of economic industrial
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00612-00153763-00154038 production and it began to shift how
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00613-00154039-00154227 scientists worked in the kinds of
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00614-00154228-00154380 equipment that they use the scale and
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00615-00154381-00154638 scope of of their ambitions it went you
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00616-00154639-00154809 know Harvard's budget was the physics
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00617-00154810-00155031 department went from 20,000 to millions
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00618-00155032-00155343 between 1939 and 1940 six it was a
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00619-00155344-00155703 changed sense of who they were and in
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00620-00155704-00155958 the venture capital inflection of this
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00621-00155959-00156155 story you know when you begin to see
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00622-00156156-00156680 biology or nano labs built with
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00623-00156681-00156969 lacquered wood and wall-to-wall
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00624-00156970-00157224 carpeting and I mean you know you have
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00625-00157225-00157383 to say look you're gonna bring in
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00626-00157384-00157572 venture capitalists to come and talk
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00627-00157573-00157854 about patenting and and moving beyond
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00628-00157855-00158073 the laboratory they don't want to go to
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00629-00158074-00158514 PS 101 circa 1956 they don't that's not
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00630-00158515-00158757 what that's not who they expect you to
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00631-00158758-00159114 be that's not who they are and the or
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00632-00159115-00159294 for instance at a more abstract level a
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00633-00159295-00159675 more conceptual level you know if you're
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00634-00159676-00159783 old enough you can remember
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00635-00159784-00159990 presentations in the sciences you know
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00636-00159991-00160380 scribbled on overhead projector sheets
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00637-00160381-00160668 and put on the you know flashed on the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00638-00160669-00160947 screen too fast to read and then you
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00639-00160948-00161175 know powerpoints and there's been a sort
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00640-00161176-00161420 of escalation and the idea of
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00641-00161421-00161901 presentation in both its venture capital
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00642-00161902-00162351 in economic sense and presentation in
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00643-00162352-00162684 its academic sense begin to merge
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00644-00162685-00162876 because if you're going to present
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00645-00162877-00163182 things the visual language that you use
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00646-00163183-00163454 requires not just a generic
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00647-00163455-00163713 sophistication but address a certain
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00648-00163714-00163941 visual idiom that's because people are
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00649-00163942-00164064 used to
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00650-00164065-00164436 so that also so and then there's lots of
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00651-00164437-00164655 things in between the laboratory and the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00652-00164656-00164964 presentation but in all sorts of ways I
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00653-00164965-00165357 think the the role of the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00654-00165358-00165603 industrialization of the sciences and
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00655-00165604-00166155 then this new world of venture capital
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00656-00166156-00166572 and startup has begun to alter not just
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00657-00166573-00166958 the biological or biochemical but also
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00658-00166959-00167163 the relationship between engineering
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00659-00167164-00169904 physics chemistry and biology something
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00660-00169905-00170175 can you guys hear back there I can't
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00661-00170176-00170247 hear sorry
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00662-00170248-00170586 so so we're doing work on what what was
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00663-00170587-00170847 the code so we have users innovating and
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00664-00170848-00171060 they have to deal with manufacturers of
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00665-00171061-00171294 a different language and so what we do
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00666-00171295-00171453 is we try to create a toolkit in the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00667-00171454-00171765 middle mm-hmm now each time you approach
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00668-00171766-00172029 for example a website you know like
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00669-00172030-00172221 MATLAB fidelity investments are
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00670-00172222-00172383 something that you go in with your
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00671-00172384-00172659 language and you're saying well I expect
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00672-00172660-00172977 bonds to be over here and traditionally
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00673-00172978-00173157 what's happened is that site is totally
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00674-00173158-00173430 rigid and one side figures it out but
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00675-00173431-00173631 now you know with the equivalent methods
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00676-00173632-00173757 like Google search and so on what's
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00677-00173758-00173982 happening is they say oh you think a
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00678-00173983-00174204 bond is on something right huh will we
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00679-00174205-00174537 configure the site so the point is that
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00680-00174538-00174714 what you're studying over a period of
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00681-00174715-00174993 time we actually have to deal with in
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00682-00174994-00175392 minor ways every day yes and so the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00683-00175393-00175719 principles here you know of adaptation
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00684-00175720-00175905 and efficient adaptation are going to be
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00685-00175906-00176174 enormously powerful that's really
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00686-00176175-00176436 important all around it is it seems to
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00687-00176437-00176565 me very closely related to what
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00688-00176566-00176945 interests me and it's an interesting
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00689-00176946-00177216 specific model of this of this case I
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00690-00177217-00177753 mean you the analog in in in in physics
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00691-00177754-00177924 might be when the business of the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00692-00177925-00178035 physicists were used to telling the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00693-00178036-00178248 engineers what to do right so Louie
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00694-00178249-00178467 Alvarez Nobel Prize winner in particle
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00695-00178468-00178761 physics wanted to build something he he
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00696-00178762-00178869 got engineer you hired engineers
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00697-00178870-00179054 cryogenic engineers electrical engineers
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00698-00179055-00179313 civil engineers and he said Dobie this
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00699-00179314-00179479 here's what I want
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00700-00179480-00179680 and that sort of was fine it seemed like
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00701-00179681-00179809 very big physics at the time these were
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00702-00179810-00179980 million-dollar bubble chambers chambers
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00703-00179981-00180247 but then that you know had a zero and
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00704-00180248-00180400 another zero took a hundred million
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00705-00180401-00180628 dollars machines and this started to be
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00706-00180629-00180751 a big fraction of the Department of
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00707-00180752-00181102 Energy's budget so now now you get the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00708-00181103-00181228 physicist saying okay
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00709-00181229-00181555 well I changed my mind we want this
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00710-00181556-00181771 shifted and the engineers said sure
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00711-00181772-00181990 that's gonna cost thirty million dollars
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00712-00181991-00182227 and they said yeah do what we say which
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00713-00182228-00182347 is the better way of doing it and
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00714-00182348-00182599 eventually the project spiraled out of
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00715-00182600-00182749 control it threatened the whole of the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00716-00182750-00182896 high-energy physics program threatened
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00717-00182897-00183097 the Department of Energy and finally the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00718-00183098-00183229 physicists had to go to the engineers
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00719-00183230-00183499 and say you have to learn to say no to
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00720-00183500-00183672 us
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00721-00183673-00184243 Gillian master/slave moment right on the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00722-00184244-00184399 ground has to tell the master what's
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00723-00184400-00184765 real and but the physicists eventually I
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00724-00184766-00184911 mean their feet were to the fire
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00725-00184912-00185182 understood that it's a little bit like
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00726-00185183-00185328 the top-down
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00727-00185329-00185602 fidelity site that wasn't responsive to
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00728-00185603-00185821 the way the users are working you know
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00729-00185822-00185980 the engineers and the physicists aren't
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00730-00185981-00186169 exactly user an innovator but they are
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00731-00186170-00186574 the it's a unilateral move that turns
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00732-00186575-00186817 out to be very destructive and in the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00733-00186818-00187234 limit and that was only fixed when they
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00734-00187235-00187399 learned how to have something that was
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00735-00187400-00187591 more dialogic and to create something
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00736-00187592-00187864 that was not quite either physics or
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00737-00187865-00188074 engineering and eventually in the in the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00738-00188075-00188278 1983 eventually no but even the Nobel
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00739-00188279-00188455 Prize Committee not the most radical
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00740-00188456-00188686 organization I've ever heard of split
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00741-00188687-00188857 the Nobel Prize between an engineer and
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00742-00188858-00189076 a physicist because the world had
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00743-00189077-00189526 changed another dilemma is here so so in
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00744-00189527-00189727 effect if you think about IBM coming
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00745-00189728-00190129 into some company to tell them how to
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00746-00190130-00190495 automate their process right this is an
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00747-00190496-00190729 event that happens every day they have
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00748-00190730-00190993 totally different languages so they have
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00749-00190994-00191380 a person in the middle is every day
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00750-00191381-00191554 having to learn the language and affect
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00751-00191555-00191835 and make rough translations mm-hmm and
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00752-00191836-00192121 what would be an enormous help to think
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00753-00192122-00192215 about
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00754-00192216-00192341 and we've been sort of thinking about
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00755-00192342-00192524 well can we get these things to common
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00756-00192525-00192727 primitives or what's the story here
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00757-00192728-00193040 would be to make this more efficient the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00758-00193041-00193307 way they are now doing this by the way
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00759-00193308-00193526 we all speak to each other is sort of a
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00760-00193527-00193733 guess and by gosh thing so it really is
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00761-00193734-00193889 you know the things that you talked
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00762-00193890-00194006 about over decades
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00763-00194007-00194201 we're gonna go she any every minute
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00764-00194202-00194438 right so so now what are the underlying
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00765-00194439-00194725 I'm sort of principles you can imagine
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00766-00194726-00195014 instilling from this that would allow us
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00767-00195015-00195877 to say okay I can do this in finance um
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00768-00195878-00196772 not a hard task I you know I I mean one
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00769-00196773-00196958 thing seems to me to try to characterize
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00770-00196959-00197522 what it is that the constituent oh it
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00771-00197523-00197717 may be that there isn't a generic
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00772-00197718-00198071 solution to this problem and that what
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00773-00198072-00198350 one needs to do is to look in the in the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00774-00198351-00198659 collabo in the potential coordination
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00775-00198660-00198944 which I prefer to the term collaboration
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00776-00198945-00199226 but in the coordinate of process what is
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00777-00199227-00199534 it that's characteristically coming from
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00778-00199535-00199847 the different groups and I mean I gave
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00779-00199848-00200075 the example of radar because there's a
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00780-00200076-00200312 place where actually you can say
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00781-00200313-00200525 something quite specific about what it
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00782-00200526-00200747 was it's not just any old bit of radio
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00783-00200748-00200942 engineering in any old bit of physics
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00784-00200943-00201188 it really was characteristic that the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00785-00201189-00201473 radio engineers had a very you know good
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00786-00201474-00201863 engineering toolkit and when they took a
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00787-00201864-00202127 problem they said voltage in voltage and
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00788-00202128-00202442 amperage in amperage out you know line
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00789-00202443-00202700 these up in these wagons make it into a
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00790-00202701-00202955 matrix solve it and think this is what
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00791-00202956-00203252 they did every day and they said we want
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00792-00203253-00203456 this this is what we need to do to be
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00793-00203457-00203618 able to build these radars if we're
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00794-00203619-00203861 gonna have any chance of saving England
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00795-00203862-00204266 from battle bring and so the physicists
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00796-00204267-00204455 after much resistance because they
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00797-00204456-00204722 really didn't this was not the way they
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00798-00204723-00205031 thought about right they had to give
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00799-00205032-00205307 something up and they had to give up
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00800-00205308-00205500 some very sophisticated tools to
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00801-00205501-00206244 back and say okay what do we have that
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00802-00206244-00206423 the engineers don't that we can
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00803-00206425-00206658 contribute to this problem and how can
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00804-00206659-00207071 we make that work with their toolkit so
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00805-00207073-00207336 what is it from what we do well for
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00806-00207337-00207515 instance let's give up what happens in
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00807-00207516-00207906 the limit in some corner of a copper
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00808-00207907-00208200 tube of a copper donor we kick because
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00809-00208201-00208350 you know in physics you say well let's
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00810-00208351-00208503 solve it completely figured out exactly
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00811-00208504-00208694 got the analytic solution and the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00812-00208696-00208844 engineers could care less they want to
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00813-00208846-00209037 know what comes in what goes that so the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00814-00209038-00209219 engineer I'm saying last one Eric this
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00815-00209221-00209931 part I'm sorry but what is the principle
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00816-00209932-00210264 here so I can do it faster next time so
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00817-00210265-00210576 I get a generic way the only thing I can
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00818-00210577-00210909 say is try in the case say of IBM with
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00819-00210910-00211185 these various companies more generally
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00820-00211186-00211479 than asking for just a facilitator who
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00821-00211480-00211815 was good man for all jobs I would say
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00822-00211816-00212001 try to figure out what
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00823-00212002-00212301 characteristically IBM is contributing
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00824-00212302-00212427 to these things and what is part of
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00825-00212428-00212613 their culture that actually is fairly
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00826-00212614-00212883 irrelevant to these interactions and it
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00827-00212884-00212982 turns out that there's a lot of
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00828-00212983-00213242 irrelevant stuff if I trade this for
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00829-00213244-00213567 that you and I do not have to agree that
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00830-00213567-00213789 this is for coffee you can use it as a
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00831-00213790-00213996 paperweight it is not relevant to the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00832-00213996-00214260 trade so part of understanding the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00833-00214261-00214571 dynamics of exchange is knowing what
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00834-00214573-00214737 what doesn't matter
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00835-00214738-00215721 that's a great you talk about new or new
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00836-00215721-00215976 language being created like biochemistry
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00837-00215977-00216336 coming together is it predicted if there
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00838-00216337-00216585 are many new words that this is a bigger
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00839-00216586-00216957 larger amazing leap in why is the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00840-00216958-00217590 language and I'm thinking of course
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00841-00217591-00217839 because I'm a net person all the crazy
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00842-00217840-00218048 terms and words we've had to come up
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00843-00218050-00218244 with quickly to try and describe what
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00844-00218244-00218437 the heck is going on here but
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00845-00218438-00218716 in a more reasonable place bio and
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00846-00218717-00219009 chemistry is there a war of words where
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00847-00219010-00219225 a combo word won't do and a new word
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00848-00219226-00219415 must be created and does that it's not
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00849-00219416-00219603 predicted is it telling you something
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00850-00219604-00219882 about this is thought that's much bigger
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00851-00219883-00220162 than we anticipated I think that one
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00852-00220163-00220350 place that there's a sorting out of this
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00853-00220351-00220635 is is that in these thick back what I'm
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00854-00220636-00220794 going to thick down so you might think
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00855-00220796-00220942 that a boundary is like a mathematical
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00856-00220942-00221437 line of one dimensional object but part
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00857-00221438-00221746 of what I think is important to see here
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00858-00221746-00221883 is that boundaries are always
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00859-00221884-00222060 dimensionally they're always thick
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00860-00222061-00222435 they're always like the biochemistry in
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00861-00222436-00222715 the beginning years or or geographically
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00862-00222716-00223098 right the bosk region is not a line it's
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00863-00223099-00223323 a region that exists on the boundaries
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00864-00223324-00223569 between France and Spain and I think
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00865-00223571-00223809 that understand that in these thick
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00866-00223810-00224160 regions of exchange a lot of the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00867-00224161-00224504 vocabulary that was produced by these
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00868-00224505-00224791 individual fields gets thrown out
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00869-00224792-00225217 because it's sort of endogenous to the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00870-00225217-00225432 originating culture and they can
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00871-00225433-00225645 proliferate proliferate vocabulary as
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00872-00225646-00225844 they wish but it turns out that when
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00873-00225844-00225978 other people start to when you have
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00874-00225979-00226266 these user innovator relationships or it
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00875-00226267-00226527 exchanges that there's a stripping away
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00876-00226528-00226848 and so in some ways I think the acid
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00877-00226849-00227092 test for the vocabularies is what
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00878-00227092-00227424 happens in these boundary regions I like
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00879-00227425-00227542 to think of the Berkman Center is a
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00880-00227542-00228021 region of exchange stripping away
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00881-00228022-00229656 extraneous language
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00882-00229657-00230571 for instance where a lot of what they
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00883-00230573-00230809 are the there's a different type of
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00884-00230810-00231055 cooperation while they may be trying to
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00885-00231056-00231529 cooperate with their cooperation and a
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00886-00231530-00231736 great deal of what they're trying to do
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00887-00231737-00232129 is use a new language to convince them
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00888-00232130-00232351 that they have something new there and
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00889-00232352-00232623 so you see you know a new language and
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00890-00232625-00232831 new technology they're very very they're
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00891-00232832-00233244 very fashionable and it's a lot of it is
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00892-00233246-00233539 about I've tried to holiday a new way of
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00893-00233540-00234163 looking at it would be something and a
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00894-00234164-00234337 lot of it is knowing that this notion
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00895-00234338-00234538 that they're going that there's lots of
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00896-00234539-00234696 management books that come out of RIA
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00897-00234698-00234892 they're about sweeping the saying very
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00898-00234892-00235075 simple concepts and putting a very
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00899-00235076-00235339 complex entitling around them so that
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00900-00235340-00235711 you feel like you know and so I think
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00901-00235712-00235894 the more general point that may be
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00902-00235894-00236215 interesting it's also take stick part of
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00903-00236216-00236419 it is the question of how much is your
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00904-00236419-00236584 seeming cooperation about the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00905-00236585-00236851 competition and it's a competition in
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00906-00236852-00238115 the world but I think you
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00907-00238116-00238338 well I think there two points you make
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00908-00238339-00238494 that both seem to me very important one
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00909-00238494-00238830 is that complexification can sometimes
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00910-00238831-00239127 be obfuscation right and not making more
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00911-00239128-00239273 precise the terms and I think this is
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00912-00239275-00239505 something whether it's unintentional in
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00913-00239506-00239688 the case of aspects of Internet
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00914-00239689-00239814 vocabulary there's also a kind of
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00915-00239815-00240135 intellectual property everybody nobody
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00916-00240136-00240255 can write a PhD thesis without
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00917-00240256-00240408 introducing new vocabulary that they
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00918-00240409-00240861 hope will become and that their so there
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00919-00240862-00241479 is a kind of incentive to and then the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00920-00241480-00241830 second aspect is that competition and
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00921-00241831-00242187 cooperation are often closer together
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00922-00242188-00242316 than we think
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00923-00242317-00242535 Boyd once said that ambivalence is the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00924-00242536-00242865 base emotion and and and not the lowest
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00925-00242866-00243134 emotion but ground state of motion and
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00926-00243135-00243498 and I think that that we may we may see
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00927-00243498-00243791 see that here and that when people
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00928-00243792-00244080 coordinate there they may have many
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00929-00244081-00244469 different motives in a way what I'm what
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00930-00244471-00244728 I'm trying to do is in some ways to pull
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00931-00244729-00244980 away from an intentional list account
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00932-00244981-00245267 and to sort of say at a very minimal
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00933-00245269-00245679 level what is being coordinated now it's
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00934-00245680-00245994 a sort of reduced question a simpler
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00935-00245994-00246201 question than you might want to ask for
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00936-00246202-00246456 you to try to say well is one side
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00937-00246457-00246708 motivated by the desire for fame or the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00938-00246709-00246867 desire for fortune and desire for
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00939-00246867-00247260 symbolic capital in the in the in the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00940-00247261-00247521 world of academics or what I mean I in a
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00941-00247521-00247721 way I want to sort of bracket that and
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00942-00247723-00248103 say what is it when people are making
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00943-00248104-00248286 these sorts of coordination goes into
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00944-00248287-00248529 that and then you can ask you know there
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00945-00248530-00248706 there is a world of other questions you
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00946-00248707-00248867 can ask about how these things that
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00947-00248869-00249098 relate to the starting culture the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00948-00249100-00249291 endogenous questions what does it mean
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00949-00249292-00249537 within the physics community to be doing
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00950-00249538-00249666 this what does it mean within the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00951-00249667-00249828 chemistry community to be making this
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00952-00249829-00250131 coordination but I want to hold that in
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00953-00250132-00250344 a sense bracketed while we ask how the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00954-00250344-00250578 coordination works and then we can sort
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00956-00256031-00257723 no no I cede my time and when do you
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00957-00257723-00258448 last something on this so when two
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00958-00258450-00258821 fields are we negotiate these sorts of
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00959-00258821-00259475 understandings over time says groovy
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00960-00259476-00259798 which where he that says groovy
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00961-00259800-00260648 understand these things are when two
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00962-00260648-00261244 cultures well two cultures your sense
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00963-00261244-00261533 does the languages they come up with
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00964-00261534-00261746 striptease or they're primitives behind
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00965-00261746-00261971 it so the language is a simplification
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00966-00261971-00262370 of what's being said which would require
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00967-00262371-00262538 that there be some sense of community or
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00968-00262539-00262796 do they and which also might mean that
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00969-00262797-00263105 they their own internal senses of what
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00970-00263106-00263284 they're doing is change because now they
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00971-00263285-00263492 seem that somebody else is calling it
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00972-00263493-00263735 this the two welcome to two fields are
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00973-00263736-00263864 calling an intellectual property and
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00974-00263865-00264038 suddenly the users who start calling it
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00975-00264039-00264101 intellectual
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00976-00264102-00264414 oh it's property changes this so it does
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00977-00264415-00264662 it strip away is it is it a reduction
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00978-00264663-00265130 does it affect each of the theories so
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00979-00265131-00265468 to speak theoretical space of each of
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00980-00265469-00265865 the fields or do they translate back
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00981-00265866-00266159 into their original own terminology
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00982-00266160-00266357 where the term is richer and thicker and
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00983-00266358-00266698 more ambiguous and has more semantics
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00984-00266699-00267063 okay this is a very interesting question
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00985-00267064-00267374 and I think so I want to make a
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00986-00267375-00267581 distinction between regularization and
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00987-00267582-00267767 simplification and here's what I have in
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00988-00267768-00268094 mind when we we humans have the capacity
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00989-00268095-00268319 to change register in the way we speak
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00990-00268320-00268514 we know how to speak to children we know
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00991-00268515-00268643 how to speak to foreigners we know how
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00992-00268644-00268812 to speak to technical people we have I
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00993-00268813-00269468 mean we have to do things now in a kind
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00994-00269469-00269897 of metaphorical way when one of the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00995-00269898-00270189 things that you do in language so below
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00996-00270190-00270398 the level of the kind of conceptual high
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00997-00270399-00270506 level structures that we're talking
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00998-00270507-00270791 about is in English you can regularize
+1ga_kIzm_JA-00999-00270792-00271046 to subject-verb-object this SVO
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01000-00271047-00271355 structure is we don't always speak in
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01001-00271356-00271466 subject-verb-object
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01002-00271467-00271601 well we can do much more complicated
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01003-00271602-00271826 things in English than that but that's
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01004-00271827-00272102 something that we do now does that mean
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01005-00272103-00272381 that the idea or we take constant you
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01006-00272382-00272514 know phonetically we make you know
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01007-00272515-00272708 consonant a consonant vowel consonant
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01008-00272709-00273023 vowel is much simpler to communicate
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01009-00273024-00273245 with or session say that it's it's
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01010-00273246-00273572 easier to grasp but in some ways for a
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01011-00273573-00273770 non speaker than consonant consonant
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01012-00273771-00274346 some very complicated and semantically -
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01013-00274347-00274649 there are ways that we regularize and so
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01014-00274650-00275015 the regularization doesn't however mean
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01015-00275016-00275330 that you're simplifying the ideas they
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01016-00275331-00275516 used to be a whole you know a 19th
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01017-00275517-00275666 century linguistics was dominated by
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01018-00275667-00275798 also you know the Dutch thought that the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01019-00275799-00275948 Dutch language was the superior language
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01020-00275949-00276152 that could explain serious ideas in the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01021-00276153-00276458 German but only philosophize in German
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01022-00276459-00276588 are you're wasting your time in the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01023-00276589-00276743 English and the French each have their
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01024-00276744-00276941 own views right so there are plenty of
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01025-00276942-00277070 cracks that will tell you that every
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01026-00277071-00277273 major Imperial jerk
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01027-00277274-00277647 was the only language to do accent
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01028-00277648-00278299 nobody believes that and I think that if
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01029-00278300-00278536 you look at it more technical example
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01030-00278537-00278797 would be when two famous physicists
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01031-00278798-00278935 burek and andro wrote a book on quantum
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01032-00278936-00279133 field theory they wrote a second volume
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01033-00279134-00279409 for experimenters you say oh this is
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01034-00279410-00279547 going to be simple it's for their poor
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01035-00279548-00279775 cousins the experimenters and it's true
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01036-00279776-00279982 there were all sorts of interest
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01037-00279983-00280153 theoretical connections that were
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01038-00280154-00280510 dropped out and regularization z' of the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01039-00280511-00280714 rules that were used to calculating what
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01040-00280715-00280972 the calculations got more complex
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01041-00280973-00281185 because now the experiment just really
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01042-00281186-00281332 wanted to know what happened when it's
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01043-00281333-00281485 spinning electron hit a subsystem and
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01044-00281486-00281689 where's the theorist you know they just
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01045-00281690-00281940 want to know the framework and whether
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01046-00281941-00282187 something old I mean they more abstract
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01047-00282188-00282526 endogenous theoretical questions so this
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01048-00282527-00282757 is an example of something that is along
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01049-00282758-00283084 one axis more regular but more complex
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01050-00283085-00283339 and calculational terms I think that's
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01051-00283340-00283696 actually what happens a lot so that when
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01052-00283697-00283924 we take a field and we're speaking to
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01053-00283925-00284161 another field we try to regularize
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01054-00284162-00284452 things we try to not deal with the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01055-00284453-00284767 relationship between terms in our own
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01056-00284768-00285190 field so much but rather to look at the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01057-00285191-00285750 connective tissue to the other field so
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01058-00285751-00285973 the answer to your question is this
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01059-00285974-00286339 simplification I would say careful
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01060-00286340-00286546 because simplification can occur long
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01061-00286547-00286807 simple is not a simple concept and there
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01062-00286808-00286993 are different axes you could and the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01063-00286994-00287095 example that I gave there's
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01064-00287096-00287422 simplification in terms of endogenous
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01065-00287423-00287638 theoretical connections yes it got
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01066-00287639-00287830 simpler along that in calculational
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01067-00287831-00288100 dimension got more complicated and so
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01068-00288101-00288304 what I would say is the out speak
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01069-00288305-00288688 becomes regularized then your second
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01070-00288689-00288868 part of your question was does this
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01071-00288869-00289174 feedback into the original one of the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01072-00289175-00289393 original or constitutive parent
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01073-00289394-00289593 languages or parent cultures
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01074-00289594-00289859 and I think the answer is yes and that's
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01075-00289860-00290046 actually what interests me most this
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01076-00290047-00290420 sort of dog bites man's story to me is
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01077-00290421-00290673 physics teaches chemistry teaches
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01078-00290674-00290937 biology teach psychology you know the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01079-00290938-00291423 sort of Compton story that doesn't sort
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01080-00291424-00291612 of pure medical notion of knowledge I'm
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01081-00291613-00291750 much more interested in the Man Bites
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01082-00291751-00292077 Dog story like the radar story where the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01083-00292078-00292320 physicists learned by their interaction
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01084-00292321-00292626 with the radio engineers then they went
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01085-00292627-00293016 back and swinger rewrote the most
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01086-00293017-00293172 fundamental kind of physics quantum
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01087-00293173-00293402 field theory using this black box
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01088-00293403-00293802 attitude towards so that happens and so
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01089-00293803-00294021 I think yes that's particularly
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01090-00294022-00294438 interesting to me when the very fact of
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01091-00294439-00294672 the coordinate of activity begins to
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01092-00294673-00294951 shift to back form the originally
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01093-00294952-00295127 scientific culture I think that happens
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01094-00295128-00295352 all the time and it's really really
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01095-00295353-00295590 interesting and it's what happens in the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01096-00295591-00295818 analogous structure here would be if if
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01097-00295819-00295995 what if fidelity actually learned
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01098-00295996-00296199 something not just how to sell their
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01099-00296200-00296337 stuff but they actually learned about
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01100-00296338-00296592 how to think about their their their
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01101-00296593-00296814 instruments their financial instruments
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01102-00296815-00297075 on the basis of their interaction and
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01103-00297076-00297326 that must happen occasionally but but
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01104-00297327-00297656 the top-down picture not only is bad
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01105-00297657-00297731 business
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01106-00297732-00299798 but it actually keeps you from learning
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01107-00299799-00300012 despite being an intellectual property
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01108-00300013-00300363 attorney and just being interested in
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01109-00300364-00300530 your question that wasn't the direction
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01110-00300531-00300860 I was thinking okay there I was thinking
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01111-00300861-00301098 about from the direction of an attorney
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01112-00301099-00301409 who goes out and learns lots of
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01113-00301410-00301727 different disciplines and is called on
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01114-00301728-00302054 or in a former life it was called on to
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01115-00302055-00302327 litigate in different disciplines and to
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01116-00302328-00302630 go in and learn a little bit and then go
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01117-00302631-00302879 out and present that back to partners or
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01118-00302880-00303032 judges or
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01119-00303033-00303377 so I was going to ask about the role of
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01120-00303378-00303711 formal education in this different
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01121-00303712-00303966 disciplines versus the sort of learning
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01122-00303967-00304212 on the job that you get from working
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01123-00304213-00304404 with someone in a technical field and
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01124-00304405-00304745 learning from them what they're doing
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01125-00304746-00304982 some law firms would go out and hire
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01126-00304983-00305169 biochemists to go and talk to the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01127-00305170-00305406 biochemistry clients and others would go
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01128-00305407-00305730 out and hire generally interested people
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01129-00305731-00306179 and send them and to go and learn my my
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01130-00306180-00306603 thinking tends to be that the general
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01131-00306604-00306894 interest that people would learn more
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01132-00306895-00307089 that was then helpful to explain it to a
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01133-00307090-00307476 non biochemist judge jury and senior
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01134-00307477-00307857 partner wonder if that's the very last
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01135-00307858-00308277 bit you said it's more useful to that
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01136-00308278-00308586 when you're trying to then go back and
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01137-00308587-00308895 explain to people outside of the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01138-00308896-00309200 specific discipline that someone who
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01139-00309201-00309537 learns it from the ground up can then go
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01140-00309538-00309951 and teach others and in the process
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01141-00309952-00310125 learn something for their own
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01142-00310126-00310401 disciplines as well versus somebody
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01143-00310402-00310680 who's gotten the formal education in a
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01144-00310681-00311157 different field and may know different
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01145-00311158-00311364 silos but not the way they fit together
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01146-00311365-00311642 well you know it's I think there's a
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01147-00311643-00311985 pedagogical confusion that is visible in
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01148-00311986-00312462 our in our writing about in writing in
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01149-00312463-00312669 our culture about science that's very
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01150-00312670-00312888 related to this which is it seems to me
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01151-00312889-00313209 that when people often think that what's
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01152-00313210-00313470 wanted in a book or an article or an
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01153-00313471-00313764 explanation about science is to is to is
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01154-00313765-00314412 to make it stupider and that that seems
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01155-00314413-00314718 to me empirically wrong that is to say
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01156-00314719-00315297 people actually are pretty smart I mean
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01157-00315298-00315519 a broad range of people are quite smart
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01158-00315520-00315744 our culture has a lot of technical
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01159-00315745-00315972 people or who deal with technical things
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01160-00315973-00316280 whether they're in the medical field or
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01161-00316281-00316778 they're engineers or the numbers of the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01162-00316779-00317083 numbers are very very large actually and
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01163-00317084-00317501 we write about science in explaining it
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01164-00317502-00317903 as if they're as if we're talking to
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01165-00317904-00318122 stupid people and even people who are
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01166-00318123-00318344 not in technical fields deal with very
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01167-00318345-00318587 complicated concepts and it seems to me
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01168-00318588-00318824 that pedagogically what we need to do is
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01169-00318825-00319162 to develop ways of speaking about
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01170-00319163-00319508 technical scientific ideas in ways that
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01171-00319509-00319898 are not weighed down by jargon don't
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01172-00319899-00320222 require prior knowledge but that
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01173-00320223-00320405 recognized the sophistication of
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01174-00320406-00320645 conceptual reasoning that the audience
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01175-00320646-00320903 is in fact capable of and we don't do
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01176-00320904-00321185 that very well and it has terrible
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01177-00321186-00321458 consequences it means that you know if
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01178-00321459-00321728 you go to an art museum hmm you go to
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01179-00321729-00321934 the Metropolitan Museum in New York and
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01180-00321935-00322142 some great artists Dorian likes that
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01181-00322143-00322310 Lana offers is organizing a Rembrandt
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01182-00322311-00322637 show it's written for adults if you go
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01183-00322638-00322871 to a science museum it's written for
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01184-00322872-00323432 children and I'm not saying you know you
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01185-00323433-00323603 should have an exhibit that requires
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01186-00323604-00323783 people to be able to solve a partial
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01187-00323784-00323903 differential equation that they won't
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01188-00323904-00324044 understand what's going on that's stupid
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01189-00324045-00324362 but you don't have to address people
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01190-00324363-00324572 using one syllable words and assuming
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01191-00324573-00324761 that the entire audience wants to climb
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01192-00324762-00325685 on the exhibit but it seems to me that a
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01193-00325686-00325892 lot of times the what goes wrong in the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01194-00325893-00326228 interaction between the scientists and
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01195-00326229-00326495 the non scientists is that the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01196-00326496-00326801 scientists or people writing in their
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01197-00326802-00327056 name think that the translation
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01198-00327057-00327311 dimension the translation mechanism is
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01199-00327312-00327677 making it conceptually stupid and that's
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01200-00327678-00327998 just ridiculous we don't do it in other
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01201-00327999-00328202 places in the world if we know if you
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01202-00328203-00328421 pick up art for them or something like
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01203-00328422-00328685 that which is got a gigantic circulation
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01204-00328686-00328922 or the New York Times arts page or the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01205-00328923-00329191 New York Times Book Review section or
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01206-00329192-00329462 the way even the way people describe you
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01207-00329463-00329627 know you listen to the radio and you
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01208-00329628-00329658 hear
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01209-00329659-00329853 arguments about what Petraeus is saying
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01210-00329854-00329990 I mean we have pretty sophisticated
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01211-00329991-00330186 discussions though suddenly when it
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01212-00330187-00330515 comes to science we feel like we mistake
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01213-00330516-00330810 on the one side jargon or technical
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01214-00330811-00330942 manipulation with on the other side the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01215-00330943-00331104 sophistication of an argument and I
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01216-00331105-00331401 think if we could get that right it
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01217-00331402-00331644 would allow people to bring back this
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01218-00331645-00331878 information and go whether it's simple
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01219-00331879-00332085 legal or the ethical or the the other
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01220-00332086-00332247 domains I mean some of the things that
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01221-00332248-00332493 I've been talking about here I have come
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01222-00332494-00332676 up with in political contexts where
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01223-00332677-00332927 groups that are interested say and
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01224-00332928-00333180 there's one group in Switzerland where
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01225-00333181-00333393 the soil scientists and the farmers were
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01226-00333394-00333618 ready to kill each other and soil
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01227-00333619-00333981 scientists wanted to regulate farms and
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01228-00333982-00334107 the farmer said you don't know what
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01229-00334108-00334191 you're talking about
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01230-00334192-00334398 or the lobster men in Maine you know
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01231-00334399-00334623 they think lobsters do x and y and z and
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01232-00334624-00334902 the Bureau of fisheries says no no no
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01233-00334903-00335468 that's not what lobsters and so in a way
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01234-00335469-00335736 and what some of these groups have been
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01235-00335737-00335900 talking with me about is how to find
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01236-00335901-00336408 ways of talking that sit between where
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01237-00336409-00336816 the soil scientist and the farmer could
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01238-00336817-00337101 actually coordinate what they're saying
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01239-00337102-00337281 not because the farmers are going to
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01240-00337282-00337473 suddenly become soil scientists where
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01241-00337474-00337602 the soil scientists are going to take
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01242-00337603-00337935 out a farm but rather that there is
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01243-00337936-00338184 enough the week one can build up enough
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01244-00338185-00338559 common language and experience to be
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01245-00338560-00339105 able to speak to I actually was watch
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01246-00339106-00339303 the answer so I will cede my time if you
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01247-00339304-00340445 would like to make it
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01248-00340446-00340644 plenty of ways too much but you said
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01249-00340645-00341006 already it's obviously relevant to our
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01250-00341007-00341367 work but take patent this is one example
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01251-00341368-00341643 of intellectual property one might argue
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01252-00341644-00342548 based on what you suggested that
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01253-00342549-00342849 exclusive rights to something with an
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01254-00342850-00343476 idea or a bad idea because there are a
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01255-00343477-00343662 bunch of conversations that might be
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01256-00343663-00344210 going on in cooperative society and the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01257-00344211-00344421 mock-up that we achieve properties
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01258-00344422-00344646 vanity impact others might say no in
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01259-00344647-00344766 fact one of the great things about the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01260-00344767-00344981 patent system for instance is the force
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01261-00344982-00345203 disclosure but at some point in the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01262-00345204-00345489 process you suppose mr. Commissioner the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01263-00345490-00345795 patient or you might say in fact patent
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01264-00345796-00346074 is a it helps to organize groups of
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01265-00346075-00346304 people are working together on
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01266-00346305-00346500 innovation and they collectively cope
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01267-00346501-00346724 this so you can see people making
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01268-00346725-00347177 multiple arguments for whether or not
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01269-00347178-00347496 the questions you are asking might be
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01270-00347497-00348540 support about board it's a really
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01271-00348541-00349034 interesting question and so let me just
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01272-00349035-00349235 take it's a gigantic cost
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01273-00349236-00349443 so let me just take two aspects of it
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01274-00349444-00350108 one is I actually think the idea of
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01275-00350109-00350448 completely individual innovation is with
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01276-00350449-00350778 a mythopoetic and some we don't anybody
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01277-00350779-00351174 I mean in science but we have
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01278-00351175-00351332 institutions that are constantly trying
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01279-00351333-00351600 to recuperate at the Nobel Prize is the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01280-00351601-00351758 best example sorry to pick on Stockholm
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01281-00351759-00352038 but right we have experiments that are
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01282-00352039-00352235 starting now we'll give them one you
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01283-00352236-00352674 guys
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01284-00352675-00352932 with over 2,000 people on an experiment
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01285-00352933-00353166 right and that's just the people who are
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01286-00353167-00353325 signatories that doesn't include all the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01287-00353326-00353633 engineers and the technicians what does
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01288-00353634-00353805 that mean right
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01289-00353806-00353973 if you eventually one of these
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01290-00353974-00354117 experiments will get a Nobel Prize and
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01291-00354118-00354315 they'll give it to two people or the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01292-00354316-00354860 legal limit three and but it's it's
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01293-00354861-00355173 really trying to imagine ourselves back
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01294-00355174-00355533 to a non-existent to Zdenek pass which
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01295-00355534-00355713 would have already you know it was
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01296-00355714-00355908 always we've always been just after the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01297-00355909-00356262 fall right in that in the 19th there was
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01298-00356263-00356466 always a time when things were more
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01299-00356467-00356781 individual but it it's like you know
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01300-00356782-00357189 chasing the sunset and so I think that
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01301-00357190-00357693 in science as an engineering innovation
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01302-00357694-00357924 always has aspects of Co activity which
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01303-00357925-00358062 is not to say that individuals don't
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01304-00358063-00358283 make identifiable contributions but it
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01305-00358284-00358674 never has the pure crystalline form that
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01306-00358675-00358872 our institutions often demand to make
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01307-00358873-00359073 promotions to hire people to reward them
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01308-00359074-00359247 to give them grant I mean we have a
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01309-00359248-00359601 large scale structure on the academic
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01310-00359602-00360180 symbolic side and that that a reward
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01311-00360181-00360506 system that tries to recuperate
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01312-00360507-00360785 individual to isolate and draw a sharp
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01313-00360786-00361104 line around the individual and in the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01314-00361105-00361272 patent and and the engineers have much
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01315-00361273-00361374 more experience that much more
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01316-00361375-00361587 integrated with the engineer with the a
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01317-00361588-00361875 patent world than the scientist and it's
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01318-00361876-00362076 interesting to see what happens when
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01319-00362077-00362435 these paths cross for instance in the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01320-00362436-00362732 beginning of Silicon Valley route 128
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01321-00362733-00363156 time there was intense efforts to try to
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01322-00363157-00363846 get all these new radar devices and
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01323-00363847-00364305 silicon also to try to get patents out
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01324-00364306-00364610 of this and there were tensions because
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01325-00364611-00364866 for instance the the companies wanted
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01326-00364867-00365166 the scientists to do all the variations
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01327-00365167-00365217 possible
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01328-00365218-00365483 okay so you've made this kind of
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01329-00365484-00365602 resonator
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01330-00365603-00365875 by this way it that way with this and
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01331-00365876-00366085 you use a different substance voltage I
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01332-00366086-00366379 mean so the the pack of people were
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01333-00366380-00366541 pushing them to do a kind of
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01334-00366542-00366688 intellectual work that the physicists
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01335-00366689-00366922 didn't want to do they they found the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01336-00366923-00367126 thing now they wanted to you know plug
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01337-00367127-00367405 it in and use it something else but so
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01338-00367406-00367597 that's a case where there is tension on
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01339-00367598-00367738 the other side I think you're quite
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01340-00367739-00367915 right and when part of your question
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01341-00367916-00368065 saying that the pathless can be an
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01342-00368066-00368338 enormous incentive and the end as
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01343-00368339-00368518 engineering and science grow closer
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01344-00368519-00368647 together which i think is the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01345-00368648-00369172 characteristic ethos of this time in the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01346-00369173-00369583 Nano world for instance questions of the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01347-00369584-00369808 existence of something is less important
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01348-00369809-00370096 than its robustness and it's being able
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01349-00370097-00370282 to produce it in molar and not molecular
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01350-00370283-00370414 quantities and so I mean it's you know
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01351-00370415-00370684 if there's a kind of engineering ethos
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01352-00370685-00370936 that has begun to back form in the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01353-00370937-00371206 sciences so my colleagues over here
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01354-00371207-00371572 physics you know I know begun more and
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01355-00371573-00371767 more to be able think more like
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01356-00371768-00371950 engineers in certain respects along
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01357-00371951-00372184 these lines and I think the patents and
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01358-00372185-00372364 intellectual property and the star
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01359-00372365-00372789 possibility of startups and so on has a
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01360-00372790-00373141 is an incentive and does you know pull
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01361-00373142-00373375 people together who you need to do
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01362-00373376-00373630 Wadden and also tends to make us maybe a
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01363-00373631-00373821 little bit less interested in the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01364-00373822-00374038 classical philosophical ontological
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01365-00374039-00374260 questions that have been such part of
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01366-00374261-00374629 physics certainly since Newton and maybe
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01367-00374630-00374980 since Lucretius and and more thinking
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01368-00374981-00375307 like engineers and I don't say that if
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01369-00375308-00375517 wistful elegiac well I mean I'm just I
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01370-00375518-00375721 just think that's a fact that that is
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01371-00375722-00376054 shifting the way physics feels in some
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01372-00376055-00376215 ways and I think that's happening across
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01373-00376216-00376537 many scientific disciplines so the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01374-00376538-00376804 patents and intellectual property play a
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01375-00376805-00377059 very complicated role in the changing
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01376-00377060-00377227 ethos of the relationship between
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01377-00377228-00378032 science
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01378-00378033-00378263 and your comment about not dumbing the
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01379-00378264-00378455 science down too far I was actually
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01380-00378456-00378608 gonna close by suggest and there's this
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01381-00378609-00379027 finish another found ways to speak to
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01382-00379028-00379217 non-scientists near-field truly
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01383-00379218-00379487 intelligently like though I was afraid
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01384-00379488-00380979 at the beginning I would
+1ga_kIzm_JA-01385-00380980-00381523 [Applause]
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00000-00000459-00000827 [Music]
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00001-00000827-00001107 good afternoon it's Friday the 19th of
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00002-00001108-00001316 June 2020 just after 1 o'clock welcome
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00003-00001317-00001464 to UK column news I'm your host Mike
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00004-00001465-00001605 Robinson joining me in the studio today
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00005-00001605-00001869 is Patrick Henningsen from 21st century
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00006-00001870-00002004 wire welcome to the programme Patrick
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00007-00002005-00002145 great to be with you Mike
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00008-00002146-00002445 well good news Patrick it is really good
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00009-00002446-00002697 news because here is the traffic light
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00010-00002698-00003009 system the DEF CON system of coronavirus
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00011-00003010-00003290 for the UK government and as you know as
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00012-00003292-00003552 of yesterday we were still at level 4
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00013-00003553-00003861 the virus not contained but this morning
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00014-00003861-00004077 it was announced that we have in fact
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00015-00004078-00004302 moved to level 3 so this is an update
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00016-00004303-00004494 from the chief medical officers for
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00017-00004495-00004647 England Scotland Wales and Northern
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00018-00004648-00004905 Ireland and the information has come
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00019-00004906-00005061 from where the assessment has come from
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00020-00005062-00005238 the joint biosecurity centre which of
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00021-00005239-00005430 course is the the new intelligence
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00022-00005431-00005634 service and they have recommended that
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00023-00005635-00005811 the kovat 19 alert level should move
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00024-00005812-00006318 from level 4 to level 3 this is just
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00025-00006319-00006584 covert confusion Patrick because as you
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00026-00006586-00006848 can see on screen there level 3 means
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00027-00006850-00007008 that the virus is contained that R is
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00028-00007009-00007263 less than 1 and it involves a partial
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00029-00007264-00007409 lifting of the lockdown but it doesn't
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00030-00007411-00007617 say anything about shops and offices and
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00031-00007618-00007869 yet we've been opening shops and offices
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00032-00007870-00008148 for a week 2 weeks whatever it is which
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00033-00008148-00008453 is level 2 so we're really in - no we're
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00034-00008454-00008678 in three but we're really in - is that
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00035-00008679-00008805 sort of like that
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00036-00008806-00009141 it's it's just completely it's just a
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00037-00009142-00009393 mess total confusion total confusion
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00038-00009394-00009633 that's so completely unclear exactly
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00039-00009634-00009675 where we are
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00040-00009676-00009846 other than apparently we've moved from
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00041-00009847-00010026 level 4 this is just the most
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00042-00010027-00010320 extraordinary virus Mike it changes it
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00043-00010321-00010492 morphs it has different capabilities
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00044-00010493-00010778 different powers depending on what time
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00045-00010779-00010998 of day it is where it's at what country
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00046-00010999-00011184 it's in like the corona virus is
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00047-00011185-00011571 completely amazing in this flexibility
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00048-00011572-00011789 and as part let's look at some of the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00049-00011790-00012060 confusion though we've just devised this
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00050-00012061-00012270 little chart here there he is
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00051-00012271-00012594 up and that's Corona he's our mascot and
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00052-00012595-00012780 you can see he's a bit confused Mike he
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00053-00012781-00013049 doesn't know really what he's doing but
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00054-00013050-00013401 we can we can say that he doesn't thrive
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00055-00013402-00013668 he doesn't thrive before 5:00 p.m. this
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00056-00013669-00013904 is why the shops are closing earlier
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00057-00013905-00014138 because coronavirus doesn't thrive
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00058-00014140-00014441 before 5:00 but after 5:00 it thrives
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00059-00014443-00014505 right
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00060-00014506-00014766 corporate supermarkets he doesn't really
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00061-00014766-00014949 thrive in corporate supermarkets it's
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00062-00014950-00015249 it's safe but he does thrive in local
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00063-00015250-00015483 market stalls so fruit and veg stalls
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00064-00015484-00015702 small shops this is where the corona
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00065-00015703-00015879 thrives the most
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00066-00015880-00016149 okay so Marks and Spencers completely
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00067-00016150-00016512 safe he's not interested but independent
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00068-00016513-00016743 shops very interested it definitely
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00069-00016744-00016986 thrives up there so we goes why there's
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00070-00016987-00017150 more restrictions and why they've been
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00071-00017151-00017454 shut longer bank tellers doesn't thrive
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00072-00017455-00017750 between 10 a.m. and 2 p.m. night back
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00073-00017751-00017949 it's 1 p.m. the boss p.m. it's a problem
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00074-00017950-00018147 so and that's high that must be the high
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00075-00018148-00018468 point of the day for for the corona but
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00076-00018469-00018762 it but we it does thrive massively in
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00077-00018763-00019025 dentists and hairstylist dog groomers
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00078-00019026-00019224 things like that Mike that's why these
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00079-00019225-00019566 have all been shut take away coffee cups
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00080-00019567-00019697 it no problem there
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00081-00019698-00019914 it doesn't live on those surfaces but it
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00082-00019915-00020277 does live on banknotes we're told police
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00083-00020278-00020672 and plumbers no problem but massage
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00084-00020673-00020906 therapists manicurists things like that
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00085-00020907-00021210 a big problem it thrives massively there
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00086-00021211-00021428 even if they're wearing masks Mike and
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00087-00021429-00021656 of course we all know manicurist don't
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00088-00021657-00022062 wear masks do they muta-do dentists I'm
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00089-00022063-00022200 just joking of course they do
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00090-00022201-00022512 social justice mass protests it doesn't
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00091-00022513-00022743 thrive it so from a political point of
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00092-00022744-00022902 view this is a very canny political
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00093-00022903-00023169 animal he doesn't really get involved in
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00094-00023170-00023508 massive social justice protests but he
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00095-00023509-00023691 does thrive in church his schools
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00096-00023692-00023889 concerts and sporting events so you can
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00097-00023890-00024084 see this there's a lot of confusion
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00098-00024085-00024480 because he's such a crafty little sprite
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00099-00024481-00024867 Mike absolutely no yesterday the live
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00100-00024868-00025044 stream the coronavirus briefing live
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00101-00025045-00025221 stream from the UK government was hosted
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00102-00025222-00025515 by Matt Hancock and he had quite a bit
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00103-00025516-00025767 to say and he began by talking about
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00104-00025768-00026031 routine vaccines so let's have a listen
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00105-00026032-00026352 to this before I talk about Korona
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00106-00026352-00026608 vaccines I just want to mention a very
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00107-00026610-00026906 important reminder about other routine
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00108-00026907-00027107 vaccines that are there to protect you
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00109-00027108-00027266 throughout the crisis we've tried to
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00110-00027267-00027445 keep the vaccination programs for
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00111-00027447-00027689 children going and that has been largely
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00112-00027689-00028045 successful but if you or your child is
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00113-00028047-00028397 invited for a vaccination like MMR then
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00114-00028398-00028658 please make sure you attend it's very
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00115-00028658-00028850 important that we don't fall behind on
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00116-00028851-00029070 the vaccinations for other diseases
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00117-00029072-00029392 because of this crisis
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00118-00029393-00029723 so Patrick extremely important that
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00119-00029724-00029924 people continue to get their MMR vaccine
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00120-00029925-00030080 and so he made that statement yesterday
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00121-00030081-00030419 afternoon and this morning but this was
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00122-00030420-00030638 in the meal MMR jab used to prevent
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00123-00030639-00030839 measles mumps and rubella could help
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00124-00030839-00031094 protect against kovat 19 by boosting the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00125-00031095-00031322 immune system and reducing the risk of
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00126-00031323-00031577 developing deadly symptoms so my
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00127-00031577-00031808 question is why why is man Hank have my
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00128-00031808-00032000 tongue caught bringing this up at this
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00129-00032001-00032162 point I suspect the reason is because
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00130-00032163-00032435 people haven't been keeping up with the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00131-00032436-00032597 vaccinations during the period of the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00132-00032598-00032807 lockdown just as many people haven't
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00133-00032808-00033023 been keeping up with other medical
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00134-00033024-00033206 treatments during that time but the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00135-00033207-00033332 government obviously concerned about
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00136-00033333-00033536 this and immediately he makes that
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00137-00033537-00033779 statement here comes the mill riding to
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00138-00033780-00033962 the rescue with an appropriate piece of
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00139-00033963-00034154 absolute propaganda the key words there
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00140-00034155-00034415 my car could help protect okay so
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00141-00034416-00034571 there's it's nothing certain there
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00142-00034572-00034796 there's no science there this is typical
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00143-00034797-00034988 medical propaganda that we're saying a
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00144-00034989-00035153 lot of this stuff you'll see in the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00145-00035154-00035342 Daily Mail in fact this story came out
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00146-00035343-00035474 the other day we don't we're not going
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00147-00035475-00035633 to feature it on this program like but
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00148-00035634-00036058 they were saying that asymptomatic skus
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00149-00036059-00036404 MIT the disease and that lungs were
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00150-00036405-00036679 being ravaged by Diamond Princess
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00151-00036680-00036944 passengers because of CT scans that they
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00152-00036945-00037142 have a study that they've done that when
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00153-00037143-00037268 you drill down into some of these
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00154-00037269-00037460 stories there's nothing scientific there
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00155-00037461-00037718 it's just they've done a kind of an
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00156-00037719-00037940 associative thing where they put stuff
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00157-00037941-00038123 together and come to some assumption or
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00158-00038124-00038348 conclusion the media mic is just
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00159-00038349-00038627 littered with these types of stories but
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00160-00038628-00038816 Patrick I'm particularly lucky because
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00161-00038817-00039122 I'm old enough not a beacon to be placed
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00162-00039123-00039392 in the prioritization group for the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00163-00039393-00039755 future of vaccine so plants have been
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00164-00039756-00039953 published for the vaccine program
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00165-00039954-00040109 and they're going to be two groups
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00166-00040110-00040490 prioritized anybody over 50 and those
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00167-00040491-00040700 who are in vulnerable categories so
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00168-00040701-00040940 that's fantastic stuff but the question
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00169-00040941-00041156 here is Matt Hancock saying that he
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00170-00041157-00041552 relieved no stone unturned in finding a
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00171-00041553-00041867 solution to the coronavirus problem but
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00172-00041868-00042038 he seems to be pretty keen to leave
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00173-00042039-00042379 stones unturned with respect to Hydra
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00174-00042380-00042575 hydroxychloroquine and we have an
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00175-00042576-00042806 article on the UK column website here
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00176-00042807-00043078 now the hydroxychloroquine scandal I
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00177-00043079-00043343 absolutely urge people to read this it's
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00178-00043344-00043580 a fantastic article by and Divis and
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00179-00043581-00043844 share it as widely as possible and one
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00180-00043845-00044132 of the key points that in is making in
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00181-00044133-00044360 this article of course is that there
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00182-00044361-00044651 seems to have been a global attempt to
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00183-00044652-00044951 demonize this drug which is out of
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00184-00044952-00045143 patent and therefore not much profit to
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00185-00045144-00045413 be made and it the people that advocate
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00186-00045414-00045662 its use advocate its uses prophylactic
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00187-00045663-00045959 switch there as a preventative and it
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00188-00045960-00046091 should be taken as a preventative
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00189-00046092-00046361 medication before the major onset of of
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00190-00046362-00046598 illness but the trials that have been
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00191-00046599-00047003 run which apparently seem to result in
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00192-00047004-00047213 the thing being discredited have been
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00193-00047214-00047384 given in high doses to people that are
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00194-00047385-00047636 already extremely ill on ventilators and
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00195-00047637-00047960 so on and in highlights the recovery
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00196-00047961-00048236 trials in particular and what he's
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00197-00048237-00048449 saying is that it isn't really clear of
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00198-00048450-00048728 what the objective was in these trials
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00199-00048729-00048863 and the reason that is because he said
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00200-00048864-00049328 100 across 175 UK hospitals 1542 patient
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00201-00049329-00049562 participants in these trials were given
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00202-00049563-00049694 twenty two thousand four hundred
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00203-00049695-00049937 milligrams this is six times the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00204-00049938-00050168 recommended maximum dose in the first 24
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00205-00050169-00050444 hours of hydroxychloroquine and this was
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00206-00050445-00050615 followed up by ten days at twice the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00207-00050616-00050834 recommended maximum dose of 800
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00208-00050835-00051074 milligrams he said it didn't it isn't
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00209-00051075-00051215 really clear what the objective was this
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00210-00051216-00051389 wasn't so much a trial of effectiveness
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00211-00051390-00051620 it looked more like an experiment in
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00212-00051621-00051860 toxic poisoning it would seem to account
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00213-00051861-00052148 for the atrocious mortality rate and you
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00214-00052149-00052304 know we there are some major questions
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00215-00052304-00052550 to be asked over the way that some of
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00216-00052551-00052834 these trials have been have been run and
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00217-00052835-00053103 one of the questions has to be asked
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00218-00053104-00053391 is have there been run in that way with
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00219-00053391-00053641 the intention of discrediting Hydra
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00220-00053642-00053832 hydroxychloroquine as an effective
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00221-00053833-00054095 treatment or a prevent a preventive
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00222-00054096-00054554 treatment with a view to assuring in the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00223-00054555-00054716 vaccines and they withdrew the paper
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00224-00054717-00055044 from from The Lancet month that was
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00225-00055045-00055205 historic as well so that it's really
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00226-00055207-00055401 discredited that story but the headlines
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00227-00055402-00055623 were already made before the paper was
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00228-00055624-00055821 withdrawn Mike and that that negative
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00229-00055822-00056030 campaign against hydroxychloroquine was
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00230-00056032-00056214 kind of advanced through that in America
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00231-00056215-00056361 it's become a political issue because
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00232-00056362-00056634 Trump put it on the agenda early then it
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00233-00056635-00056886 became a trump drug yes and so the media
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00234-00056887-00057153 attacked hydroxychloroquine and and then
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00235-00057154-00057440 promoting REM des aveer from Gilead
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00236-00057441-00057723 pharmaceuticals so it because obvious at
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00237-00057724-00057900 some point Mike that they're trying to
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00238-00057901-00058179 submerge a cheap easily effective
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00239-00058179-00058464 available drug in in to substitute that
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00240-00058465-00058674 with a big pharma more expensive
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00241-00058675-00058923 treatment that might not be as effective
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00242-00058924-00059160 a totally political totally corporate
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00243-00059161-00059478 okay so my Hancock had more to say about
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00244-00059479-00059691 vaccines I'm sorry to do this to you
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00245-00059691-00059832 they're going to be three short clips
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00246-00059833-00060009 from Matt Hancock here it's never
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00247-00060010-00060150 pleasant to listen to him but let's
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00248-00060151-00060450 listen to what he had to say during the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00249-00060451-00060735 pandemic we've put the stringent mr.
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00250-00060736-00060975 measures in place to protect people who
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00251-00060976-00061278 are getting vaccinations and in the long
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00252-00061279-00061584 run the best way to defeat this virus is
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00253-00061585-00061863 of course the discovery of a vaccine and
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00254-00061864-00062082 since the start we've been supporting
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00255-00062083-00062313 the most promising projects as of this
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00256-00062314-00062574 week the Imperial vaccine is now in the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00257-00062575-00062840 first phase of human clinical trials and
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00258-00062841-00063104 AstraZeneca has struck a deal for the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00259-00063105-00063321 manufacture of the oxford vaccine
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00260-00063322-00063648 they're starting manufacturing now even
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00261-00063649-00063969 ahead of approval so we can build up a
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00262-00063970-00064296 stockpile and be ready it should it be
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00263-00064297-00064636 clinically approved
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00264-00064637-00064816 patroclus must be unprecedented I've
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00265-00064816-00065050 never heard of this before this is a
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00266-00065051-00065292 vaccine which has not been approved the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00267-00065294-00065473 Astra Zeneca one this is the joint
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00268-00065474-00065692 effort by Astra Zeneca and Oxford
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00269-00065693-00065839 University which has been receiving a
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00270-00065840-00066040 lot of UK government money if you look
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00271-00066041-00066310 back through the last few UK column news
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00272-00066311-00066576 reports you'll find us covering this so
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00273-00066577-00066694 they've been in receipt of a lot of
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00274-00066695-00066811 government money
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00275-00066812-00067032 AstraZeneca what have they done here
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00276-00067033-00067210 they've done a deal he says what kind of
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00277-00067211-00067456 deal is this is the government paying
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00278-00067457-00067660 for these vaccines from Astra Zeneca
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00279-00067661-00067993 whether or not they are effective we can
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00280-00067994-00068146 have a discussion about whether what the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00281-00068147-00068365 chances of them being effective are but
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00282-00068366-00068635 since when did a commercial organization
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00283-00068636-00068980 which is for-profit make a drug before
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00284-00068981-00069193 it was approved and much been
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00285-00069194-00069337 mass-produced a drug before it was
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00286-00069338-00069571 approved in order to have stockpiles
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00287-00069572-00069823 available my question is is it because
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00288-00069824-00070048 they've been assured that approval is
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00289-00070049-00070246 guaranteed and therefore there's no risk
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00290-00070247-00070506 for them or is it because they are
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00291-00070507-00070780 absolutely being paid for these whether
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00292-00070781-00071059 the approval is awarded or not either
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00293-00071060-00071326 way that's a pretty disgraceful set of
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00294-00071327-00071371 affairs
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00295-00071372-00071535 instead of affairs the inference by
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00296-00071536-00071806 Hancock Mike is that we don't have any
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00297-00071807-00072037 time to waste this is such an emergency
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00298-00072038-00072238 that we need to stockpile these in
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00299-00072239-00072523 advance of you know approvals and I
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00300-00072524-00072744 don't know did they even do animal
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00301-00072745-00072898 trials they skipped animal trials
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00302-00072899-00073090 altogether didn't that's right right so
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00303-00073091-00073225 they put it out into the population
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00304-00073226-00073405 already through the people who have been
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00305-00073406-00073654 tested on it sorry it's technically the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00306-00073655-00073813 virus whatever they've injected with
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00307-00073814-00073975 Mike it's going to it's going to be out
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00308-00073976-00074215 in the population before it's out on
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00309-00074216-00074479 release basically with animal testing
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00310-00074480-00074682 you have much more control over that
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00311-00074683-00074836 sort of situation so they're already
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00312-00074837-00075124 breaching a number of protocols with
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00313-00075125-00075334 regards to safety and testing on
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00314-00075335-00075535 vaccines and pharmaceuticals
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00315-00075536-00075874 and so in the assumption right up front
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00316-00075875-00076119 the first statement by Hancock was the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00317-00076120-00076407 best way to defeat the virus is with a
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00318-00076408-00076729 vaccine who is Matt Hancock to make a
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00319-00076730-00076843 statement like that
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00320-00076844-00077047 first of all knowing that there has
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00321-00077048-00077230 never been an effective coronavirus
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00322-00077231-00077464 vaccine in history if there had they
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00323-00077465-00077605 probably would have already invented it
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00324-00077606-00077834 by now the flu shot is an exact
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00325-00077835-00078119 Klee a success story it seems to be a
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00326-00078120-00078329 repeated failure year after year and
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00327-00078330-00078524 there are studies there are academic
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00328-00078525-00078716 studies there are medical studies that
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00329-00078717-00078904 show there is a correlation between
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00330-00078905-00079205 increased illness and getting the flu
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00331-00079206-00079436 shot in many cases so with all of those
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00332-00079437-00079637 problems wouldn't you be more cautious
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00333-00079638-00079892 or at least more reserved about this
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00334-00079893-00080150 kind of fait accompli of a corona virus
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00335-00080151-00080402 vaccine oh we put so much money and
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00336-00080403-00080558 energy into it and so many different
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00337-00080559-00080747 people are working on it bill Gates told
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00338-00080748-00081026 us this months ago is does that all of a
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00339-00081027-00081328 sudden make it more viable as a
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00340-00081329-00081545 conclusion that's going to be effective
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00341-00081546-00081740 and it's going to be safe it depends
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00342-00081741-00081926 whether your intention is to save lives
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00343-00081927-00082100 or whether your intention is to make
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00344-00082101-00082397 profits and it's certainly viable from
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00345-00082398-00082607 the profit point of view I'm not so
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00346-00082608-00082781 certain about the save lives point of
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00347-00082782-00083060 view so I really do arch people to share
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00348-00083061-00083303 that hydrochloric Queen article from the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00349-00083304-00083462 coulomb website but this this statement
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00350-00083463-00083720 by Hancock should be a scandal this
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00351-00083721-00083906 should be a massive scandal the papers
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00352-00083907-00084113 the press should jump all over this that
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00353-00084114-00084266 he actually said that he said we're
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00354-00084267-00084500 stockpiling them before it's been
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00355-00084501-00084751 approved but they're not they're not
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00356-00084752-00084989 questionable last thing I'll say what is
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00357-00084990-00085214 the urgency what is the urgency the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00358-00085215-00085490 virus is on its way out Elvis has left
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00359-00085491-00085922 the building it's a seasonal virus the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00360-00085923-00086135 majority of the population were never at
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00361-00086136-00086483 any serious risk it specifically targets
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00362-00086484-00086768 one specific demographic overwhelmingly
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00363-00086769-00086981 which is elderly with multiple
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00364-00086982-00087173 comorbidities and within that
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00365-00087174-00087470 demographic specifically targets nursing
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00366-00087471-00087605 home residents so far
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00367-00087606-00087878 so the general population children
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00368-00087879-00088178 middle aged people teenagers 20s and 30s
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00369-00088179-00088409 were never at any serious risk of
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00370-00088410-00088649 hospitalization to the Krone rice in
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00371-00088650-00088847 fact Mike for the year for the younger
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00372-00088848-00089042 age groups and Johnny and eNOS from
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00373-00089043-00089225 Stanford University dr. Johnny Unitas
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00374-00089226-00089543 said that there's more of a threat of
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00375-00089544-00089747 the seasonal flu to the younger age
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00376-00089748-00090152 groups then corona virus which sorry i
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00377-00090153-00090353 was going to say that leads very well
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00378-00090354-00090596 into this because because this is
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00379-00090597-00090863 perhaps pretty concerning of the shape
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00380-00090864-00091028 of things to come this is from the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00381-00091029-00091168 netherlands let's say they're quick
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00382-00091169-00091397 translation the headline is roughly
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00383-00091398-00091537 speaking because this is just a google
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00384-00091538-00091828 translator who will get a place in
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00385-00091829-00092053 intensive care at the next crisis and
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00386-00092054-00092269 who will not these the criteria are
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00387-00092270-00092515 decisive and so what's this about the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00388-00092516-00092773 Royal Dutch Medical Association is has
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00389-00092774-00092980 come up with a proposal to introduce age
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00390-00092981-00093262 discrimination and medical care so if
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00391-00093263-00093469 you're talking about the demographic
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00392-00093470-00093665 most susceptible to this being the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00393-00093666-00093934 elderly over it ease of course the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00394-00093935-00094081 people dying in care homes were dying
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00395-00094082-00094219 because they weren't getting any medical
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00396-00094220-00094387 treatment at all but not well as well
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00397-00094388-00094684 but nonetheless if the people we're
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00398-00094685-00094909 talking about is that demographic then
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00399-00094910-00095078 what's happening in the Netherlands
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00400-00095079-00095428 seems to be that those people will be
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00401-00095429-00095779 have their medical care rationed so the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00402-00095780-00096004 Federation medical specialists chairman
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00403-00096005-00096232 Peter Paul van Bentham said the ethics
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00404-00096233-00096515 people with me at the choice for us will
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00405-00096516-00096715 deal with patients from a purely medical
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00406-00096716-00097141 standpoint but who with who is going to
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00407-00097142-00097438 get to get access to that medical
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00408-00097439-00097606 treatment so effectively this is a
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00409-00097607-00097918 euthanasia policy this is death pathway
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00410-00097919-00098209 policy by Fiat right absolutely
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00411-00098210-00098471 absolutely so will that come here
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00412-00098472-00098802 probably well some might say Mike the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00413-00098803-00099129 administrative did it already did
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00414-00099130-00099397 absolutely but Patrick what about the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00415-00099398-00099592 chances of a second way of that well if
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00416-00099593-00099757 you look at any of your news feeds over
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00417-00099758-00099922 the last to say three or four days
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00418-00099923-00100192 you'll see it's absolute second wave
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00419-00100193-00100421 hysteria we've just done a shot here of
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00420-00100422-00100640 the top searches on this particular
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00421-00100641-00100825 story you've got the BBC of course
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00422-00100826-00101084 notice the BBC brandishing the Chinese
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00423-00101085-00101410 men in hazmat suits with landscape leaf
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00424-00101411-00101615 blowers have been repurposed to
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00425-00101616-00101962 disinfect the walls and buildings of I
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00426-00101963-00102181 don't know the street because Corona
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00427-00102182-00102442 could be on the side of the paint job on
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00428-00102443-00102694 the side of that building so 27
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00429-00102695-00102889 neighbourhoods is a keyword like 27
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00430-00102890-00103279 there were 27 new cases that caused the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00431-00103280-00103448 new second wave in Beijing one of the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00432-00103449-00103615 biggest populated cities in the world
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00433-00103616-00103882 but 27 cases showed up and it was a
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00434-00103883-00104080 second wave already so that's sorry
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00435-00104081-00104367 that's 27 cases in 27 neighbourhoods
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00436-00104368-00104526 oh um Casper neighborhood something
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00437-00104527-00104802 that's pretty dense and then China race
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00438-00104803-00105030 to contain a second wave and then
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00439-00105031-00105255 al-jazeera back to where we were
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00440-00105256-00105477 Beijing fears a second wave of the crown
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00441-00105478-00105678 of Russia so a complete overreaction
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00442-00105679-00106058 here and we'll move on and to see that
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00443-00106059-00106221 how the coverage looks on this this is
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00444-00106222-00106482 Sky News of course never let a good
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00445-00106483-00106685 crisis go to waste coronavirus China
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00446-00106686-00107019 fears nuke ovid 19 ripple will lead to a
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00447-00107020-00107352 second wave so no talk on all of these
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00448-00107353-00107609 about deaths it's all about cases cases
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00449-00107610-00107858 cases if you watch the media you look at
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00450-00107859-00108042 the chattering classes on social media
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00451-00108043-00108294 cases everything's about cases not
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00452-00108295-00108653 deaths and as we pointed out in previous
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00453-00108654-00108993 program Mike dr. Sinatra Gupta from
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00454-00108994-00109139 Oxford University one of the top
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00455-00109140-00109464 epidemiologists in the UK at the top of
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00456-00109465-00109638 her field she said this is a really
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00457-00109639-00109902 difficult number to be basing anything
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00458-00109903-00110097 on which is they call cases or
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00459-00110098-00110313 infections the word case makes it sound
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00460-00110314-00110529 like it's a case it's a serious case but
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00461-00110530-00110727 it could be someone who tested positive
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00462-00110728-00111051 for coronavirus so but deaths that's a
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00463-00111052-00111359 more reliable at least even with all the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00464-00111360-00111710 chicanery and all of the amping up and
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00465-00111711-00111918 over exaggeration overblown death
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00466-00111919-00112170 figures in the UK in the US by the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00467-00112171-00112385 reporting that systems that they're
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00468-00112386-00112590 using even with that mic it's still a
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00469-00112591-00112896 more reliable figure in terms of what is
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00470-00112897-00113115 the level of the emergency what is the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00471-00113116-00113285 level of the threat with regards to
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00472-00113286-00113490 cases now the more testing we do the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00473-00113491-00113711 more asymptomatic cyou find out the more
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00474-00113713-00113946 people have it to lower the infection
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00475-00113947-00114195 fatality rate the death rate goes over
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00476-00114196-00114354 all I know that sounds counterintuitive
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00477-00114355-00114672 to hysterical mob but it's actually true
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00478-00114673-00114924 so you'll see a lot of this in terms of
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00479-00114925-00115101 the second wave pushing the second wave
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00480-00115102-00115338 theory so why is there not been a second
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00481-00115339-00115575 wave across Europe Mike they've been out
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00482-00115576-00115770 a lot been out of lockdown most of these
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00483-00115771-00116031 countries for awhile like Denmark know
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00484-00116032-00116166 second wave they're even talking about a
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00485-00116167-00116391 second wave and Sweden Mike how is that
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00486-00116392-00116594 possible when they didn't go into
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00487-00116595-00116936 lockdown to begin with but the meet for
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00488-00116938-00117153 the media none of these questions matter
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00489-00117154-00117389 of fact are in they just run with this
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00490-00117390-00117624 campaign this fear campaign
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00491-00117625-00117827 absolutely well we'll combine sir the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00492-00117828-00118091 media a little bit later now back on the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00493-00118092-00118395 sixth of May we were talking about the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00494-00118396-00118788 NHS as contact tracing apps and well as
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00495-00118789-00119043 we mentioned of course these being
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00496-00119044-00119238 created with the help of the national
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00497-00119239-00119463 cybersecurity Center Coda's truth they
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00498-00119464-00119666 said and they produced a document all
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00499-00119667-00119949 about the NHS X up this document is
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00500-00119950-00120083 correct at the time of writing but the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00501-00120084-00120273 system is still in development so there
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00502-00120274-00120458 may be detailed changes before release
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00503-00120459-00120645 well indeed there have been significant
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00504-00120646-00120846 detail changes welcome on to that in a
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00505-00120847-00120983 second now what was it that they were
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00506-00120984-00121257 proposing well they were highlighting
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00507-00121258-00121453 the fact that there are two models for
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00508-00121454-00121731 contact tracing decentralized model and
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00509-00121732-00121998 a centralized model Apple and Google had
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00510-00121999-00122319 begun their efforts with by creating an
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00511-00122320-00122574 application programming interface till I
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00512-00122575-00122915 opted developers to base their systems
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00513-00122916-00123177 on a decentralized model I that's never
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00514-00123178-00123452 talking to a centralized server and but
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00515-00123453-00123608 the UK wasn't happy with that they
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00516-00123609-00124004 wanted a centralized server so we said
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00517-00124005-00124211 at the time that this wasn't going to go
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00518-00124213-00124436 very well and one of the reasons that it
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00519-00124438-00124684 wasn't going to go very well was because
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00520-00124685-00124928 basically the way that Apple phones work
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00521-00124929-00125204 the Bluetooth connection which blew
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00522-00125205-00125400 these apps are relying on Bluetooth to
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00523-00125401-00125652 identify if it's one phone's close to
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00524-00125653-00126198 another Apple's phones work by their
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00525-00126199-00126402 battery lasts longer by switching
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00526-00126403-00126560 Bluetooth off or at least put aside
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00527-00126561-00126744 putting it to sleep when it's not needed
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00528-00126745-00126929 and so there's no prospect of a
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00529-00126930-00127383 centralized system working for for the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00530-00127383-00127802 NHS X app so Patrick unfortunately mat
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00531-00127803-00127974 Hancock had to make a statement about
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00532-00127975-00128373 the the NHS efforts last night and this
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00533-00128374-00128706 is what he said because of this testing
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00534-00128707-00128964 we discovered a technical barrier that
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00535-00128965-00129171 every other country building their own
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00536-00129172-00129464 app is also now hitting we found that
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00537-00129465-00129726 our app works well on Android devices
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00538-00129727-00130077 but Apple software prevents iPhones
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00539-00130078-00130328 being used effectively for contact
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00540-00130329-00130615 tracing unless you're using Apple's own
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00541-00130616-00130982 technology
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00542-00130983-00131116 so it's a real shame they've had to
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00543-00131117-00131447 abandon their plans for the NHS up and
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00544-00131448-00131608 go back to the drawing board because
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00545-00131609-00131849 they didn't realize what everybody else
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00546-00131850-00132025 was commenting on this at the time had
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00547-00132026-00132151 realised that it wasn't going to work
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00548-00132152-00132362 their entire approach didn't work so we
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00549-00132363-00132560 knew we knew it wasn't gonna work
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00550-00132561-00132814 earlier Mike but the government didn't
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00551-00132815-00133031 no no no but was that possible well they
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00552-00133032-00133196 never do with these things but he went
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00553-00133197-00133426 on to say that don't worry though
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00554-00133427-00133610 that he is going to be or the government
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00555-00133611-00133753 is going to be working with or they've
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00556-00133754-00133951 already made contact with Apple and
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00557-00133952-00134156 they're now working with Apple to
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00558-00134157-00134387 re-engineer this and he said that the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00559-00134388-00134704 main problem was that the reason they
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00560-00134705-00134977 chose not to use Apple's applicative a
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00561-00134978-00135163 the application programming interface
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00562-00135164-00135441 was because Apple weren't providing a
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00563-00135442-00135725 robust enough mechanism for discovering
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00564-00135726-00136007 the distance between two folds the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00565-00136008-00136211 distance so so he was saying they're
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00566-00136212-00136433 gonna share the UK government's
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00567-00136434-00136637 algorithm for measuring the distance
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00568-00136638-00136888 between the two phones with Apple and
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00569-00136889-00137012 they're gonna work with Apple to
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00570-00137013-00137333 re-engineer the NHS app unfortunately
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00571-00137334-00137573 Apple doesn't agree that that's what
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00572-00137574-00137740 happened they don't see it that way at
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00573-00137741-00137900 all they say that they have not been
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00574-00137901-00138233 consulted in any way that mat Hancock
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00575-00138234-00138395 was basically lying through his teeth
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00576-00138396-00138743 last night and they said we don't know
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00577-00138744-00138964 what they mean by hybrid model they
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00578-00138965-00139181 haven't spoken to us about it is what
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00579-00139182-00139516 Apple told The Times so where does that
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00580-00139517-00139741 leave us well the the key thing Patrick
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00581-00139742-00140135 that Mac Hancock was claiming was that
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00582-00140136-00140408 the distance between the two phones was
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00583-00140409-00140771 the issue and so because of this testing
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00584-00140772-00140965 sort of do apologize what we're saying
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00585-00140966-00141206 here now is that this is not a contact
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00586-00141207-00141524 tracing app at all in fact we can wipe
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00587-00141525-00141787 that out what this is is these are
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00588-00141788-00141979 social distancing apps these are about
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00589-00141980-00142279 making sure that they know that you are
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00590-00142280-00142441 maintaining following the social
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00591-00142442-00142726 distancing rules I believe is nothing to
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00592-00142727-00142931 do with track and trace really is it
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00593-00142932-00143179 because at the end of the day doesn't
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00594-00143180-00143483 matter whether you are one meter away or
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00595-00143484-00143854 two meters away what really matters is
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00596-00143855-00144038 that
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00597-00144039-00144272 if it's about contact tracing it only
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00598-00144273-00144449 matters whether you're one meter away or
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00599-00144450-00144688 two meters away if really you're
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00600-00144689-00144923 confirming whether social distancing is
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00601-00144924-00145165 taking place is a social distancing up
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00602-00145166-00145337 at the end of the day that's how it
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00603-00145338-00145556 seems but we don't just remind you what
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00604-00145557-00145748 he had said before of course it is our
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00605-00145749-00145973 civic duty to make sure that we take
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00606-00145974-00146195 part in tests and Tristan and our
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00607-00146196-00146459 specific Judy that we install these apps
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00608-00146460-00146641 when they come along this will be
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00609-00146642-00146788 voluntary at first because we trust
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00610-00146789-00146926 everyone to do the right thing but we
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00611-00146927-00147149 can quickly make it mandatory if that's
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00612-00147150-00147332 what it takes I remember when he said
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00613-00147333-00147707 that yes it was on May the 6th or so no
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00614-00147708-00148058 just a quick reminder of course the this
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00615-00148059-00148307 is all about intelligence gathering and
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00616-00148308-00148562 at the moment they are already gathering
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00617-00148563-00148910 data from various symptom tracking apps
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00618-00148911-00149075 because their symptom tracking apps out
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00619-00149076-00149309 there already and that data of course
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00620-00149310-00149618 going to the Ministry of Defense J hub
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00621-00149619-00150025 and then to the NHS for sim for symptom
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00622-00150026-00150187 tracking and we were asking at the time
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00623-00150188-00150454 where else is this data going yeah cuz
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00624-00150455-00150679 Jacobs just just cleansing it and it's
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00625-00150680-00150850 just cleansing it to anonymize the data
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00626-00150851-00151085 before it goes on to give it to the NHS
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00627-00151086-00151204 and they wouldn't they wouldn't possibly
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00628-00151205-00151433 want to take any of the details of of
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00629-00151434-00151702 that app why would the military one
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00630-00151703-00151823 thing went down why would the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00631-00151824-00152018 intelligence services want that I can't
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00632-00152019-00152171 imagine they would never do that would
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00633-00152172-00152207 they
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00634-00152208-00152549 no but let's come back to Oxford Patrick
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00635-00152550-00152819 well just a couple of days ago this
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00636-00152820-00153011 story came out and this definitely
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00637-00153012-00153283 caught our eye this is the Oxford
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00638-00153284-00153506 Institute for evidence-based medicine
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00639-00153507-00153700 they've come out with some pretty
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00640-00153701-00153881 groundbreaking research that's really
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00641-00153882-00154121 flying flies in the face of what the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00642-00154122-00154250 government has been saying like so
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00643-00154251-00154525 there's no scientific evidence for the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00644-00154526-00154793 kovat 2-meter rule now mine do you
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00645-00154794-00154931 remember the timing of this this is
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00646-00154932-00155179 early this week this is what they said
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00647-00155180-00155432 much of the evidence in the current
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00648-00155433-00155689 outbreak informing policy is poor
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00649-00155690-00155929 quality encouragement and hand-washing
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00650-00155930-00156265 or what we need not formalized rules and
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00651-00156266-00156589 our conclusion is that avoiding contact
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00652-00156590-00156836 is very important that a one meter
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00653-00156837-00157073 distance might be slightly better than
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00654-00157074-00157319 just avoiding contact but the difference
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00655-00157320-00157516 is unlikely to be
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00656-00157517-00157793 these data give no indication that the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00657-00157794-00158158 2-meter rule is better than one meter so
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00658-00158159-00158440 again we see the experts we see the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00659-00158441-00158638 academics saying one thing and the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00660-00158639-00158926 government is still clinging to their
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00661-00158927-00159110 original position the signs have already
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00662-00159111-00159274 been printed the catalogues have been
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00663-00159275-00159529 sent out we've received one recently
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00664-00159530-00159691 that was quite entertaining to let
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00665-00159692-00159872 through absolutely but again we're
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00666-00159873-00160058 seeing difference between the UK
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00667-00160059-00160237 government and the devolved governments
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00668-00160238-00160373 because the Northern Irish government
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00669-00160374-00160583 announced today that they are for
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00670-00160584-00160871 educational purposes at least reducing
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00671-00160872-00161147 the distance from 2 meters to 1 this 1
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00672-00161148-00161410 meter so common sense is creeping into
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00673-00161411-00161641 four schools not for the for the rest
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00674-00161642-00161843 just yet but for school so just after
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00675-00161844-00162056 this story is released the next day the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00676-00162057-00162301 government goes into slight panic mode
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00677-00162302-00162523 here and then Boris basically says we're
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00678-00162524-00162710 willing to cut the 2 meter rule we're
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00679-00162711-00162913 just working on it now and if you watch
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00680-00162914-00163162 the press conference on June 16th him
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00681-00163163-00163312 and Patrick valence were going back and
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00682-00163313-00163501 forth saying it's it's safe to be
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00683-00163502-00163718 outside all the sudden and again this is
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00684-00163719-00163958 the amazing thing about the corona it's
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00685-00163959-00164210 safe to be outside they've just told us
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00686-00164211-00164386 this last few weeks it's safe to be
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00687-00164387-00164539 outside before we were told to be
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00688-00164540-00164752 indoors and only go out for an hour day
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00689-00164753-00165001 of exercise but the disease or the virus
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00690-00165002-00165260 has changed in those two months Mike
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00691-00165261-00165502 it's changed its behavior this is the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00692-00165503-00165647 incredible thing about the government's
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00693-00165648-00165889 position absolutely so where does that
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00694-00165890-00166160 take us well related to social
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00695-00166161-00166390 distancing of course in equally as
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00696-00166391-00166706 controversial is the issue of masks and
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00697-00166707-00167035 of course leave it to Donald Trump to
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00698-00167036-00167227 weigh in on anything and make it even
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00699-00167228-00167423 more incendiary this is what Trump said
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00700-00167424-00167783 just yesterday Trump says he he thinks
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00701-00167784-00168020 some Americans are wearing masks to show
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00702-00168021-00168347 they disapprove of him and not as a
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00703-00168348-00168639 preventive measure during the pandemic
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00704-00168640-00169048 so it a throwaway comment of course by
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00705-00169049-00169319 Donald Trump but he does bring up an
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00706-00169320-00169493 interesting point and let's just look
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00707-00169494-00169709 back at what the government has said
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00708-00169710-00169939 Mike watch this short video clip what
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00709-00169940-00170147 the government said just over the last
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00710-00170148-00170260 couple of months on
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00711-00170261-00170446 asks how they've changed their tune this
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00712-00170447-00170587 is what they said previously go ahead
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00713-00170588-00170884 and roll this when the evidence around
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00714-00170885-00171103 the use of masks by the general public
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00715-00171104-00171490 especially outdoors is extremely weak
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00716-00171491-00171658 the evidence on face masks has always
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00717-00171659-00171835 been quite variable quite weak quite
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00718-00171836-00171991 difficult to know exactly there's no
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00719-00171992-00172201 real trials on it in terms of wearing a
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00720-00172202-00172459 mask our advice is clear that wearing a
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00721-00172460-00172612 mask if you don't have in fact an
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00722-00172613-00172966 infection really reduces the risk almost
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00723-00172967-00173206 not not at all the recommendation from
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00724-00173207-00173470 Sage has been is completely clear which
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00725-00173471-00173656 is that there is weak evidence or a
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00726-00173657-00173974 small effect in which a face mask can
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00727-00173975-00174298 prevent a source of infection going from
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00728-00174299-00174562 somebody who is infected to the people
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00729-00174563-00175104 around them don't let it happen it
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00730-00175105-00175485 depends on you
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00731-00175486-00175758 it depends on you Patrick it does now
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00732-00175759-00175971 that was a video from keep britain free
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00733-00175972-00176211 calm and on that website you could go
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00734-00176212-00176499 visit has a amazing video intro video on
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00735-00176500-00176826 it but it links also to simon Dolan's a
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00736-00176827-00177048 legal challenge to the government on
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00737-00177049-00177258 behalf of businesses across the UK so I
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00738-00177259-00177423 do recommend people go and visit that
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00739-00177424-00177645 website and also click through to that
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00740-00177646-00177876 which seems to be something a lot of
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00741-00177877-00178038 businesses small to medium-size
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00742-00178039-00178206 independent businesses are really
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00743-00178207-00178482 getting behind that legal campaign by
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00744-00178483-00178713 Simon Dolan not so much the big
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00745-00178714-00178845 corporations might because I think
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00746-00178846-00179066 they're in a different queue yes the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00747-00179067-00179349 bailout queue so if you have that sort
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00748-00179350-00179556 of access to government note so on the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00749-00179557-00179753 issue of masks let's look at this study
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00750-00179754-00179969 that just came out this is from the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00751-00179970-00180258 Journal of physics of fluids Mike and
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00752-00180259-00180522 it's on respiratory droplets and face
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00753-00180523-00180795 masks and what they did is they reviewed
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00754-00180796-00180969 a number of different studies but also
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00755-00180970-00181290 kind of collated a lot of data on this
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00756-00181291-00181541 and for the issue of mandatory masks
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00757-00181542-00181719 this is actually important and let's
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00758-00181720-00181916 look at some of their conclusions here
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00759-00181917-00182283 this by the way this image from boohoo
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00760-00182284-00182475 this was quite controversial says if you
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00761-00182476-00182625 can read this you're too close they've
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00762-00182626-00182748 come out with all all of these
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00763-00182749-00183156 fashionista messaging on their mass to
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00764-00183157-00183435 show you how did this whole mask culture
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00765-00183436-00183740 is becoming twisted fashion really but
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00766-00183741-00183948 this is what the journal for physics of
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00767-00183949-00184251 fluids said the droplet sizes change and
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00768-00184252-00184440 fluctuate continuously during cough
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00769-00184441-00184598 cycles as a result of several
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00770-00184599-00184878 interactions with the mask and the face
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00771-00184879-00185123 and mask decrease the droplet
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00772-00185124-00185361 accumulation during repeated cough
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00773-00185362-00185571 cycles so that's a very important point
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00774-00185572-00185808 and finally however it remains unclear
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00775-00185809-00186108 whether large droplets or small droplets
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00776-00186109-00186339 are more infectious so totally
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00777-00186340-00186641 inconclusive in terms of this idea that
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00778-00186642-00186981 masks can somehow protect not only you
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00779-00186982-00187239 but also protect other people from
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00780-00187240-00187452 possibly getting infected from Kovich
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00781-00187453-00187665 should you Koff or should you sneeze or
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00782-00187666-00187887 breathe or talk or whatever shout
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00783-00187888-00188196 through your mask so totally
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00784-00188197-00188529 inconclusive and again all of a sudden
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00785-00188530-00188664 we've seen those that you turn in
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00786-00188665-00188837 promoting masks have
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00787-00188838-00189134 by the UK and by the US government and
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00788-00189135-00189308 of course other countries are following
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00789-00189309-00189626 suit because the Anglosphere leads the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00790-00189627-00189923 globalist agenda on most things Mike yes
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00791-00189924-00190250 but let's look at masks new developments
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00792-00190251-00190475 in mass this is quite incredible this is
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00793-00190476-00190718 a this is a tweet that was just put out
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00794-00190719-00191012 by a professor a Jay dip ray and we'll
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00795-00191013-00191195 look at him in a second but he says face
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00796-00191196-00191525 masks are here to stay with gusto the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00797-00191526-00191744 new yes mask it's called the yes mask
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00798-00191745-00192047 enables communication for all whilst
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00799-00192048-00192308 reducing transmission let us know what
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00800-00192309-00192622 you think very appealing isn't it Mike
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00801-00192623-00192863 she's quite rightful she is quite
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00802-00192864-00193157 fetching especially in her new yes mask
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00803-00193158-00193469 so that's a clear plastic veneer there
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00804-00193470-00193811 so it so it is an enclosed mask but it's
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00805-00193812-00194072 clear plastic so there's something not
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00806-00194073-00194246 quite right about that if you ever seen
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00807-00194247-00194669 that movie the twelve Monkeys and before
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00808-00194670-00194936 Bruce Willis came up over ground this is
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00809-00194937-00195191 what the people sort of looked like yes
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00810-00195192-00195404 down there but you know so this is the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00811-00195405-00195638 new normal that the professor here is
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00812-00195639-00195911 promoting but we're going to say no it's
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00813-00195912-00196217 actually the new abnormal so I encourage
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00814-00196218-00196403 people to start using this term the new
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00815-00196404-00196658 abnormal it's not the new normal
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00816-00196659-00196853 there's nothing normal about people
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00817-00196854-00197054 walking around with a getup like that
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00818-00197055-00197303 but let's look at the mask Avenger here
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00819-00197304-00197654 this is Professor Jada ray he's a deputy
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00820-00197655-00197977 lieutenant South Yorkshire professor of
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00821-00197978-00198257 Neurology University of Sheffield great
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00822-00198258-00198461 resume here Royal Society of Medicine
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00823-00198462-00198731 yeah he's got a great resume so he's
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00824-00198732-00198959 saying masks are here to stay and he's
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00825-00198960-00199447 promoting the new bizarre-looking
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00826-00199448-00199760 quite depressing looking yes mask I'm
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00827-00199761-00199946 gonna say no to the yes man yeah I think
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00828-00199947-00200147 we do they turn that into the gnome ah
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00829-00200148-00200558 yes absolutely right if you like what
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00830-00200559-00200681 the UK called doors you'd like to
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00831-00200682-00200894 support us then please go over the UK
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00832-00200895-00201116 column to org for slash community there
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00833-00201117-00201272 are options to help us out there and
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00834-00201273-00201455 your support much needed much
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00835-00201456-00201551 appreciated
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00836-00201552-00201998 no Patrick I've chosen Surrey live here
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00837-00201999-00202074 but the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00838-00202075-00202317 Tyrel mainstream press talking about a
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00839-00202318-00202545 level of GCSE results today these are
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00840-00202546-00202788 the the sixteen year old and 18-year old
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00841-00202789-00203052 exams national exams in the UK and
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00842-00203053-00203217 they're saying that a third of the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00843-00203218-00203529 results that are going to be marked on
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00844-00203530-00203733 by the exam bar it's not of course what
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00845-00203734-00203901 has happened this year is because nobody
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00846-00203902-00204087 has been allowed to set any exams is
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00847-00204088-00204372 that their school teachers have made
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00848-00204373-00204522 assessments about what their exams
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00849-00204523-00204765 grades would have been and those
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00850-00204766-00204938 assessments have been submitted to the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00851-00204939-00205182 examination boards and the examination
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00852-00205183-00205373 boards will make decisions about whether
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00853-00205375-00205782 to award those grids or not now of
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00854-00205783-00205971 course the example words have nothing on
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00855-00205971-00206304 which to base that other than previous
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00856-00206305-00206682 year's results and and the word if the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00857-00206683-00206888 teachers because the exam boards have no
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00858-00206889-00207126 knowledge of any of the pupils for whom
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00859-00207127-00207450 the data has been sent so where does
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00860-00207451-00207633 this come from well let's have a look at
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00861-00207634-00208032 this this is the FTT Education data lab
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00862-00208033-00208262 they say that they produce independent
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00863-00208263-00208466 cutting-edge research that can be used
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00864-00208467-00208707 by policy makers to inform education
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00865-00208708-00208865 policy and by schools to improve
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00866-00208866-00209082 practice and they produced this a couple
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00867-00209083-00209334 of days ago GCSE results 2020 a look at
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00868-00209335-00209610 the grades proposed by schools and what
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00869-00209611-00209778 they're saying is that they between the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00870-00209779-00209942 20th of April and the 1st of June they
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00871-00209944-00210242 ran a statistic moderation service which
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00872-00210244-00210423 allowed schools to submit preliminary
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00873-00210423-00210759 grids that those were then analyzed and
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00874-00210760-00210971 in this particular post they had a look
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00875-00210973-00211296 at them and they produced this graph and
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00876-00211296-00211515 the red dots there show the average
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00877-00211516-00211935 grade for each subject from 2019 and the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00878-00211936-00212246 blue dot shows the average grid for each
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00879-00212248-00212478 subject from 2020 which is based on the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00880-00212479-00212712 teachers assessments and they are
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00881-00212713-00213060 therefore suggesting that the grids are
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00882-00213061-00213296 overestimated by the teachers based on
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00883-00213298-00213569 that particular data they're saying that
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00884-00213571-00213723 for computer science that that was by
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00885-00213723-00214014 one and one full grid and that by other
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00886-00214015-00214323 subjects it was less than a full grid
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00887-00214323-00214536 but more than half a grid in most cases
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00888-00214537-00215004 so these are averages of course so how
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00889-00215005-00215123 is this going to end up
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00890-00215125-00215508 or for pupils it's very hard to know now
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00891-00215509-00215700 of course the other fantastic news is
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00892-00215701-00215883 that the government has decided to push
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00893-00215884-00216092 hundreds of millions of pounds into the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00894-00216094-00216333 education sector to try to make up for
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00895-00216334-00216510 the fact that children are basically
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00896-00216511-00216753 lost half their years education this
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00897-00216754-00217113 year so I think it's if I remember
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00898-00217114-00217430 rightly 250 million pounds available for
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00899-00217431-00217767 for people to apply for to get
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00900-00217767-00218042 one-to-one tuition and another 650
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00901-00218044-00218241 million or so going to the schools to
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00902-00218242-00218444 provide additional tuition over the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00903-00218446-00218634 summer period perhaps that's one
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00904-00218635-00218952 suggestion anyway so I don't know what
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00905-00218953-00219108 your thoughts are on this but there are
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00906-00219109-00219344 also money allocated for summer camps
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00907-00219346-00219555 Mike yes summer camps so that they could
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00908-00219556-00219696 the money could be used for that into
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00909-00219696-00219867 aid you have social distanced summer
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00910-00219867-00220041 camps of course it would have to be with
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00911-00220042-00220254 the kovin shields and all the sort of
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00912-00220255-00220425 PPE gear for the kids
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00913-00220426-00220694 Mike the point is what where did where
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00914-00220696-00220881 does any of the science say anywhere
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00915-00220882-00221271 that children are at risk of kovat 19
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00916-00221271-00221676 where where is this no the argument is
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00917-00221677-00221877 that the children of course aren't at
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00918-00221878-00222171 risk but they the possibility is that
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00919-00222171-00222348 they may infect the teacher or they may
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00920-00222348-00222546 pass it between themselves and then take
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00921-00222546-00222729 it home to an older parent or
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00922-00222730-00223005 grandparent that's that's the argument
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00923-00223006-00223191 whether you buy that or not is another
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00924-00223192-00223386 question I would suggest that that's not
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00925-00223387-00223656 a reasonable argument remote possibility
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00926-00223657-00223863 yes so so why have they not done this in
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00927-00223864-00224184 22 European countries why are schools
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00928-00224185-00224475 been open why are the kids not wearing
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00929-00224476-00224802 protective gear in 22 European countries
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00930-00224803-00225017 well why is Britain different that it
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00931-00225019-00225303 has to keep schools closed and totally
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00932-00225304-00225555 fret over every single possibility of
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00933-00225556-00225786 health and safety and if they can
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00934-00225787-00225960 possibly open it's going to have to be
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00935-00225961-00226121 with all of these regulations and so
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00936-00226123-00226287 much of it's coming from pressure from
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00937-00226288-00226575 the teaching unions and that's that's
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00938-00226576-00226791 actually where much of the problem lies
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00939-00226792-00227004 with the teaching unions themselves and
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00940-00227005-00227184 it's an incredible state of affairs by
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00941-00227185-00227342 the way last thing is you know if
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00942-00227344-00227550 they're behind this year that's not
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00943-00227551-00227694 going to put them ahead next year Mike
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00944-00227694-00227862 no no absolutely not it put some
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00945-00227863-00228060 absolutely behind it and a year after
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00946-00228061-00228236 and the horse
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00947-00228237-00228448 of course anybody that falls behind and
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00948-00228450-00228836 has to reset or has to you know there
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00949-00228837-00229004 may not be places available for them in
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00950-00229005-00229175 colleges because colleges are then gonna
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00951-00229176-00229462 have to try to take two years worth of
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00952-00229463-00229859 students into one year it's it's pretty
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00953-00229860-00230057 it's gonna be pretty difficult looking
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00954-00230058-00230189 at how they're handling this right now
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00955-00230190-00230396 Mike my guess is they're gonna lower the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00956-00230396-00230636 bar next year and they'll lower the bar
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00957-00230637-00230735 for colleges
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00958-00230736-00231026 so overall England or the UK it's been a
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00959-00231027-00231326 a lowered standard of education going
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00960-00231327-00231389 forward
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00961-00231390-00231527 well that's being the policy for the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00962-00231528-00231704 last 40 years don't say any reason to
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00963-00231705-00231917 stop my is another step down absolute
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00964-00231917-00232096 opportunity that's not good for
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00965-00232098-00232328 competitiveness for global Britain I
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00966-00232329-00232532 would think unless you can just import
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00967-00232533-00232841 all of your talent of course may be good
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00968-00232842-00233173 question so where does that take us u.s.
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00969-00233175-00233354 schools this is what we're looking at
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00970-00233355-00233639 for US schools the CDC have just issued
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00971-00233640-00233963 this guidelines for reopening schools
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00972-00233964-00234203 safely Mike is the Safe Schools report
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00973-00234204-00234461 and we scrolled through this and found
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00974-00234462-00234638 some interesting things and critical
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00975-00234639-00234796 initiatives and activities and there's a
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00976-00234798-00235211 big focus here Mike on testing and
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00977-00235212-00235481 survey medical surveillance here testing
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00978-00235482-00235692 and surveillance outbreak control
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00979-00235694-00235954 enabling public health systems etc
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00980-00235955-00236327 supporting existing surveillance efforts
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00981-00236328-00236636 identifying infections routine testing
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00982-00236637-00236891 personal clinical and calories etc case
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00983-00236892-00237206 investigation can you just imagine the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00984-00237207-00237401 bureaucracy Mike that this is gonna
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00985-00237402-00237689 unleash on kids as if they don't have
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00986-00237690-00237923 enough on their plate already with this
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00987-00237923-00238142 sort of thing so this is interesting so
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00988-00238142-00238484 what this document Mike spurred on was
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00989-00238485-00238859 the efforts of one mother this is her
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00990-00238860-00239180 her YouTube channel and we'll play this
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00991-00239181-00239371 clip from her video and we'll show you
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00992-00239373-00239639 her account afterwards but we'll go
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00993-00239640-00239837 ahead and roll this this is a response
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00994-00239838-00240094 to the CDC guidelines basically okay
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00995-00240094-00240248 this week
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00996-00240248-00240446 the CDC released their guidelines for
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00997-00240446-00240608 the reopening of schools across our
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00998-00240609-00240779 nation and while it's important to
+1hl3Mm6inlI-00999-00240780-00240967 mention that these are not hard and fast
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01000-00240969-00241214 rules that all institutions must obey
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01001-00241215-00241416 these guidelines are being held up
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01002-00241417-00241644 a roadmap for reopening procedures and
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01003-00241644-00241890 are in fact already being trialed and
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01004-00241891-00242052 initiated in many schools throughout the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01005-00242053-00242273 country the guidelines are being held as
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01006-00242275-00242502 a gold standard for operating safe
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01007-00242503-00242727 schools but what do they say what does a
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01008-00242728-00242988 safe school day look like it begins on
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01009-00242989-00243221 the school bus where students will sit
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01010-00243223-00243542 alone in empty rows they will ideally be
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01011-00243544-00243765 surrounded by plastic partitions and
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01012-00243766-00243951 spread out so that no student has
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01013-00243952-00244121 another student sitting adjacent to them
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01014-00244123-00244308 or in a neighboring seat when they
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01015-00244309-00244500 arrive at school they will be created by
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01016-00244501-00244755 teachers and staff members in masks they
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01017-00244756-00244962 will be encouraged and depending on age
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01018-00244963-00245262 required to wear masks as well for the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01019-00245263-00245644 entire school day seven hours or more
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01020-00245646-00245898 hallways will be unidirectional to
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01021-00245898-00246071 discourage social interaction or
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01022-00246073-00246294 face-to-face connections among students
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01023-00246294-00246531 in the classroom desks will be spaced
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01024-00246532-00246732 six feet apart and they will all face
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01025-00246733-00246957 the same direction as well once again to
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01026-00246958-00247152 discourage social interaction
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01027-00247153-00247415 there will be no recess there will be no
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01028-00247416-00247671 cafeteria there will be no sharing of
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01029-00247671-00247878 pencils books or learning games
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01030-00247879-00248148 backpacks will not touch their world
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01031-00248148-00248286 however be regular announcements
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01032-00248287-00248469 reminding everyone to wear their masks
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01033-00248469-00248712 wash their hands and avoid touching
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01034-00248713-00248940 their faces or each other to prevent the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01035-00248941-00249261 spread the bathroom will have class so
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01036-00249262-00249534 there you go I mean what would you want
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01037-00249535-00249719 to send your kid to school and that sort
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01038-00249721-00249960 of environment Mike this seems to be
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01039-00249961-00250134 quite similar to waters being ruled out
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01040-00250135-00250260 in the UK at the moment
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01041-00250261-00250491 absolutely it's a big sales and
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01042-00250492-00250728 marketing push for homeschooling
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01043-00250729-00251055 actually if anything it's just good to
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01044-00251056-00251235 go back quickly the video this was done
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01045-00251236-00251433 but this week the seat I'm sorry I've
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01046-00251434-00251604 done that again I do apologize so this
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01047-00251605-00251886 is a mother at a Lorraine she's an
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01048-00251887-00252126 advocate for education
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01049-00252127-00252351 she's a mother herself of course she's
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01050-00252352-00252528 got some great informative videos I do
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01051-00252529-00252732 encourage people to go check out her
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01052-00252733-00253011 YouTube channel Taylor rein she put that
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01053-00253012-00253284 video together he watched the full four
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01054-00253285-00253469 and a half minute video up at her
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01055-00253471-00253782 channel Mike okay now let's move on well
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01056-00253783-00254202 as we mentioned last week the monetary
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01057-00254203-00254358 policy committee of the Bank of England
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01058-00254359-00254601 has now I met yesterday and they have
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01059-00254602-00254636 two
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01060-00254637-00254954 to increase quantitative easing by 100
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01061-00254955-00255200 billion pounds so that was pretty much
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01062-00255201-00255548 expected but they also said that recent
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01063-00255548-00255712 dinner suggests at the fall in global
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01064-00255713-00256004 GDP in quarter twos less severe than
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01065-00256005-00256241 initial estimates and there are signs of
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01066-00256242-00256427 consumer spending and services already
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01067-00256428-00256648 picking up services activity already
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01068-00256650-00256862 picking up so that's fantastic news
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01069-00256863-00257069 Patrick the economy is going to come
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01070-00257069-00257336 back booming just as the forecasts
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01071-00257337-00257582 suggested why do I find out highly
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01072-00257583-00257930 unlikely turn the taps on turn the taps
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01073-00257931-00258148 on just talk printing money yes
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01074-00258150-00258389 let's go back to the other side of the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01075-00258390-00258656 Atlantic and Patrick John Bolton has
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01076-00258657-00258919 published a book yes has he actually
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01077-00258921-00259171 published it yet he well this is this is
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01078-00259173-00259358 the whole point Myka so quite so here he
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01079-00259359-00259661 is the world's most dangerous oldest and
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01080-00259662-00259963 most dangerous walrus here John Bolton
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01081-00259964-00260225 basically put out this book and right
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01082-00260226-00260417 right before the elections about to heat
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01083-00260417-00260441 up
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01084-00260442-00260639 basically criticizing the Trump
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01085-00260640-00260900 presidency but the DOJ the Department of
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01086-00260901-00261137 Justice has moved in to block the book
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01087-00261138-00261386 they filed I think I believe a complaint
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01088-00261387-00261638 On June 16th Mike to block the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01089-00261639-00261854 publication this book will show you why
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01090-00261855-00262112 but here's Bolton right now talking in
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01091-00262113-00262397 this exclusive interview to ABC this guy
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01092-00262398-00262718 is absolutely amazing how he's able to
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01093-00262719-00263024 generate publicity for himself but woke
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01094-00263025-00263321 will go on and look at this here this is
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01095-00263322-00263549 what Trump had to say and this is the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01096-00263550-00263855 typical classic Trump comment here just
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01097-00263856-00264065 a couple of days ago on on Fox News in
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01098-00264066-00264407 terms of Bolton he broke the law he was
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01099-00264408-00264695 a washed up guy I gave him a chance
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01100-00264696-00264908 he couldn't get Senate confirmed so I
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01101-00264909-00265124 got him in on a Senate unconfirmed
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01102-00265125-00265364 position where I could just you know put
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01103-00265365-00265643 him in there and see how he worked and I
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01104-00265644-00265871 wasn't very enamored says Trump and he
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01105-00265872-00266252 goes on he broke the law very simple I
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01106-00266253-00266470 mean as much as it's going to be broken
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01107-00266471-00266693 this is highly classified
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01108-00266694-00266945 that's the highest stage it's highly
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01109-00266946-00267260 classified information and he did it he
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01110-00267261-00267533 did not have approval says Donald Trump
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01111-00267534-00267755 so what he's saying there is really that
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01112-00267756-00267914 john bolton is in breach
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01113-00267915-00268130 of the equivalent of the Official
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01114-00268131-00268424 Secrets Act in in the United States so
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01115-00268425-00268610 he's divulging confidential information
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01116-00268611-00268886 that's sensitive to national security
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01117-00268887-00269090 but that first that first comment the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01118-00269091-00269309 ease of almost applying it I worked
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01119-00269310-00269537 really hard to get him into the job he's
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01120-00269538-00269807 not there's no acknowledgment there that
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01121-00269808-00270059 that he was so desperate to find anybody
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01122-00270060-00270266 that was going to take the job in the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01123-00270267-00270443 first place that's truly had to dredge
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01124-00270444-00270626 it you know he was there he was elected
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01125-00270627-00270812 on the idea of draining the swamp he
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01126-00270813-00271025 actually had to the the way drain the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01127-00271026-00271208 swamp was to put them into positions in
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01128-00271209-00271442 the administration because he had nobody
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01129-00271443-00271643 else that he could employ anybody that
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01130-00271644-00271826 he wanted to employ this is the point of
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01131-00271827-00271997 the whole trump presidency in the first
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01132-00271998-00272192 year Mike he couldn't get them through
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01133-00272193-00272384 confirmation anyway because everybody
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01134-00272385-00272639 was gunning for anybody Trump put up for
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01135-00272640-00272804 any cabinet position so most of the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01136-00272805-00273047 positions went unfilled early on of
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01137-00273048-00273239 course who's waiting in the wings is the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01138-00273240-00273512 old walrus Waldo waddles in an old war
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01139-00273513-00273821 Hawk neocon and Trump takes him on and
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01140-00273822-00274064 the media loved it CNN loved it all of
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01141-00274065-00274280 the war hawks loved it the think tanks
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01142-00274281-00274472 loved it they loved Bolton of course
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01143-00274473-00274619 they loved Pompeo because they're
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01144-00274620-00274787 they're tough they're war hawks they
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01145-00274788-00274934 want to start wars and things like that
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01146-00274935-00275153 so yeah I think even Trump knew that he
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01147-00275154-00275246 was going to be trouble
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01148-00275247-00275647 he Trump was advised at mar-a-lago by
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01149-00275648-00275912 Michael Savage who is one of the top
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01150-00275913-00276203 radio hosts in America he Trump asked
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01151-00276204-00276497 him at mar-a-lago before inauguration he
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01152-00276498-00276698 said Bolton was hovering around the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01153-00276699-00276950 buffet table and so and Trump said to
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01154-00276951-00277094 savage what do you think of john bolton
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01155-00277095-00277469 and savage told trump point-blank he
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01156-00277470-00277793 said he's a snake he's a liar get rid of
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01157-00277794-00277832 him
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01158-00277833-00277976 you don't want him he's trouble and of
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01159-00277977-00278153 course Trump went and hired him
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01160-00278154-00278354 eventually because he couldn't get
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01161-00278355-00278609 anybody else that the media or the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01162-00278610-00278792 establishment the swamp would approve of
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01163-00278793-00279026 so but but Bolton's incredible Mike how
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01164-00279027-00279293 he's been able to be a kind of hero of
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01165-00279294-00279518 the left because anybody that Trump has
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01166-00279519-00279653 an argument with whether it's John
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01167-00279654-00279887 McCain or anybody else all becomes an
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01168-00279888-00280148 icon of the Democrats and the resistance
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01169-00280149-00280328 so let's look at what they're saying
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01170-00280329-00280514 though about the seriousness of it the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01171-00280515-00280712 National Security Council has determined
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01172-00280713-00280771 that in
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01173-00280772-00280981 Meishan in the manuscript of Bolton's
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01174-00280982-00281248 book is classified confidential secret
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01175-00281249-00281551 and top secret levels so accordingly the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01176-00281552-00281812 publication release of the room where it
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01177-00281813-00282016 happened would cause irreparable harm
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01178-00282017-00282268 because the disclosures and classified
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01179-00282269-00282583 information in the manuscript reasonably
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01180-00282584-00282814 could be caused it could cause serious
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01181-00282815-00283132 damage and exceptional grave damage to
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01182-00283133-00283330 the national security of the United
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01183-00283331-00283621 States so that's quite a serious charge
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01184-00283622-00283795 that bolton's in Hot Wok could
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01185-00283796-00283969 potentially be in hot water I think they
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01186-00283970-00284230 will get the injunction on publication
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01187-00284231-00284446 of course the left there are political
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01188-00284447-00284650 opposition's gonna spin that as trump's
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01189-00284651-00284818 trying to cover up this great
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01190-00284819-00285060 whistleblowing effort by john bolton
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01191-00285061-00285244 but anybody's been following the career
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01192-00285245-00285448 of john bolton knows that everything
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01193-00285449-00285727 that's bad in US policy has had john
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01194-00285728-00285967 bolton behind it really for the last 20
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01195-00285968-00286018 years
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01196-00286019-00286306 so absolutely i'm pretty cynical to be
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01197-00286307-00286458 publishing it right at this moment as
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01198-00286459-00286666 you say in the run just as the election
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01199-00286667-00286783 come here and is about to heat up
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01200-00286784-00287173 I smelled Mitt Romney in the background
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01201-00287174-00287515 and this this crowd as well yes okay
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01202-00287516-00287878 well good news on the UK side then five
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01203-00287879-00288088 ice have held a summit another five eyes
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01204-00288089-00288469 of course is intelligence network and
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01205-00288470-00288637 well who was attending the summit well
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01206-00288638-00288775 you can see pretty Patel we're at the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01207-00288776-00288935 top left hand side she was the co-chair
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01208-00288936-00289207 the other co-chair was New Zealand's
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01209-00289208-00289440 Minister for justice and read little
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01210-00289441-00289642 Australia's Minister for Home Affairs
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01211-00289643-00289816 Peter Dutton was their Canadian Minister
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01212-00289817-00290080 for Public Safety Bill Blair US Attorney
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01213-00290081-00290302 General William bar and u.s. acting
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01214-00290303-00290497 deputy secretary of homeland security
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01215-00290498-00290660 can
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01216-00290661-00290893 choo-choo-choo Nui if I pronounced that
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01217-00290894-00291178 correctly and so they were discussing
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01218-00291179-00291364 all the threats that were facing at the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01219-00291365-00291517 moment from an intelligence standpoint
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01220-00291518-00291712 including increased risk of online child
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01221-00291713-00291952 sexual abuse disinformation in hostile
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01222-00291953-00292195 state activity so they're really keen to
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01223-00292196-00292432 make sure that online harms are dealt
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01224-00292433-00292594 with there but hostile state activity
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01225-00292595-00292758 was an important one it's a bit
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01226-00292759-00292983 coincidental Patrick that they're
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01227-00292984-00293259 talking about hostile state activity at
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01228-00293260-00293658 this a day ago and the next thing the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01229-00293659-00293960 Australians are shouting about China
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01230-00293961-00294164 carrying on a cyber attack
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01231-00294165-00294451 and online some online hostile state
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01232-00294452-00294638 activity against Australia one of the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01233-00294639-00294926 five hi members so there you go it's a
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01234-00294927-00295169 coincidence just a coincidence China did
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01235-00295170-00295477 it apparently and well let's that's what
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01236-00295478-00295651 Scott Morrison the Morrison the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01237-00295652-00295807 Australian Prime Minister he's a great
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01238-00295808-00296114 globalist operative Mike absolutely
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01239-00296115-00296335 absolutely so that's let's look at this
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01240-00296336-00296503 guy then Peter Jennings he's from the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01241-00296504-00296795 strategic policy institute in Australia
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01242-00296796-00297109 he said I'm 95% sure that the attacker
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01243-00297110-00297334 is China the Russians could do it the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01244-00297335-00297508 North Koreans could do it but neither of
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01245-00297509-00297805 them has an interest in on the scale of
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01246-00297806-00298156 this high degree of confidence 95 I'm
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01247-00298157-00298451 95% sure the attacker was China not
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01248-00298452-00298609 directly China though Mike isn't it
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01249-00298610-00298871 through a third party or were they what
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01250-00298872-00299053 they're saying they're alleging that
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01251-00299054-00299280 it's it's it's state backed
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01252-00299281-00299557 state back yes it's very much the same
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01253-00299558-00299677 type of language that we've heard about
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01254-00299678-00299902 Russia over the last few years state
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01255-00299903-00300197 backed we don't know none of like fancy
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01256-00300198-00300430 bare and cozy exactly that type of thing
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01257-00300431-00300623 now of course Russia and Austria have
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01258-00300624-00300835 been fighting quite a lot recently
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01259-00300836-00301177 Australia accusing China of effectively
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01260-00301178-00301405 attacking them by sending them the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01261-00301406-00301801 coronavirus and so as a result China got
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01262-00301802-00302000 a bit annoyed with this rhetoric and
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01263-00302001-00302237 they then stuck an 80 percent tariff on
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01264-00302238-00302546 Astra an Australian barley exports so
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01265-00302547-00302809 that's a pretty heavy bit of economic
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01266-00302810-00302944 warfare there I think it was
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01267-00302945-00303154 understandable bearing in mind the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01268-00303155-00303323 attitude that these trends have been
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01269-00303324-00303685 taking but nonetheless we have a summit
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01270-00303686-00303839 of the five eyes and the next thing we
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01271-00303840-00304049 know one of the five eyes countries is
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01272-00304050-00304309 being attacked what a coincidence as you
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01273-00304310-00304595 say let's look at China and Ear elation
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01274-00304596-00304970 said because here is Margaret vestager
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01275-00304971-00305178 who's the from the European Commission
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01276-00305179-00305492 and she's concerned about Chinese
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01277-00305493-00305788 companies not domiciled in China itself
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01278-00305789-00306014 distorting the EU market so they're
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01279-00306015-00306338 particularly talking about two Egyptian
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01280-00306339-00306565 subsidiaries of a Chinese fiber glass
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01281-00306566-00306852 producer who which has been receiving
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01282-00306853-00307252 state subsidy from China too they allege
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01283-00307253-00307514 undercut European competitors so
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01284-00307515-00307706 is following on from Pompeii OHS visit
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01285-00307707-00307913 the last week which many people
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01286-00307914-00308165 considered as as an effort by Pompeo to
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01287-00308166-00308414 encourage some antique Chinese failing
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01288-00308415-00308615 within the EU and we're starting to see
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01289-00308616-00308927 the results of that perhaps and then we
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01290-00308928-00309284 come on to this another round of Major
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01291-00309285-00309473 General level talks between India and
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01292-00309474-00309671 China because of course yesterday the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01293-00309672-00309967 day before was yesterday we had this
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01294-00309968-00310223 problem on the Indian Chinese border
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01295-00310224-00310541 Patrick and a number of Indian soldiers
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01296-00310542-00310751 killed including the commanding officer
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01297-00310752-00311150 of 16 Bihar regiment and China being
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01298-00311151-00311348 blamed for that was the Chinese one of
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01299-00311349-00311585 22 deaths I think 20 deaths in total a
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01300-00311586-00311765 number injured there were injured on the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01301-00311766-00311990 Chinese side as well but this is an old
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01302-00311991-00312260 border dispute Mike this goes back to I
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01303-00312261-00312449 think we're gonna lay the blame at the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01304-00312450-00312734 feet of the British Empire for the map
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01305-00312735-00313070 making exercise when India gained its
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01306-00313071-00313259 independence as well and a lot of these
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01307-00313260-00313448 countries were being formed and the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01308-00313449-00313610 borders being formed but that's a major
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01309-00313611-00313898 thoroughfare from China Tibet and that's
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01310-00313899-00314168 also contested region between India and
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01311-00314169-00314348 China yeah absolutely so many people
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01312-00314349-00314576 asking what will this mean for Indian
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01313-00314577-00314747 Chinese diplomacy will it mean more
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01314-00314748-00314966 importantly for Indian and Chinese trade
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01315-00314967-00315272 because India is I think probably the I
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01316-00315273-00315470 think India is the largest importer of
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01317-00315471-00315758 Chinese goods on the planet so where
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01318-00315759-00315917 that leaves that we don't know but
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01319-00315918-00316226 certainly it's not great in terms of
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01320-00316227-00316586 Chinese External Relations and then as
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01321-00316587-00316802 we mentioned webmin sees program on
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01322-00316803-00316976 Wednesday and Thursday this week we had
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01323-00316977-00317318 the noodle defense ministers meeting and
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01324-00317319-00317435 as you can see they're all social
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01325-00317436-00317615 distances are not wearing any masks mind
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01326-00317616-00317849 you but they are socially distancing so
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01327-00317850-00317948 they're staying two metres apart
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01328-00317949-00318245 apparently and here's another image of
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01329-00318246-00318428 the room as they all stay two metres
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01330-00318429-00318599 apart I don't know Mike that looks like
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01331-00318600-00318863 one and a half meters to me I don't
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01332-00318864-00319019 think that's a full two meters
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01333-00319020-00319298 especially those two on the left-hand
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01334-00319299-00319472 side I think they should be fine well
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01335-00319473-00319553 absolutely
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01336-00319554-00319757 quite possibly now of course this
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01337-00319758-00319955 follows on from needle the announcement
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01338-00319956-00320252 of NATO 2030 which is moving needles
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01339-00320253-00320678 interests perhaps less on the European
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01340-00320679-00320858 theater and more in the Southeast Asian
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01341-00320859-00320900 theater
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01342-00320901-00321038 so they're wanting to get Australia New
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01343-00321039-00321326 Zealand and so on involved because they
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01344-00321327-00321554 want to encircle China as well as Russia
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01345-00321555-00321797 so what were they talking about here
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01346-00321798-00322019 they were talking about deterrence and
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01347-00322020-00322247 defense concept for NATO which sets out
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01348-00322248-00322427 a framework for their military activity
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01349-00322428-00322652 in response to threats across land air
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01350-00322653-00322892 sea and so on this is usual rhetoric
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01351-00322893-00323177 they wanted to address Russia's diploma
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01352-00323178-00323354 deployment of new intermediate-range
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01353-00323355-00323609 missiles so they're still concerned
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01354-00323610-00323937 about the threat of Russia they were
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01355-00323938-00324128 discussing the nuclear deterrent that
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01356-00324129-00324443 NATO has control of and so there was a
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01357-00324444-00324593 meeting of the nuclear planning group to
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01358-00324594-00324872 discuss how to ensure nuclear deterrent
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01359-00324873-00325178 remains safe secure and effective and so
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01360-00325179-00325402 on but of course a large portion of this
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01361-00325403-00325697 Patrick was about burden sharing so
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01362-00325698-00325853 we'll just come back to Donald Trump for
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01363-00325854-00326042 one well once because of course he was
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01364-00326043-00326243 talking about removing 10,000 troops out
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01365-00326244-00326498 of Germany reducing the u.s. contingent
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01366-00326499-00326787 in Germany to 25,000 nobody should have
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01367-00326788-00326956 been surprised by that announcement
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01368-00326957-00327262 because this Trump has been banging the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01369-00327263-00327476 fair burden-sharing
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01370-00327477-00327779 with an it'll drum since 2016 since he
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01371-00327780-00328046 was its first visit to the to open the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01372-00328047-00328376 new NATO headquarters in in Brussels if
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01373-00328377-00328634 you remember and so he's been talking
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01374-00328635-00328976 about this for years the EU haven't all
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01375-00328977-00329399 of the EU countries have until 2024 to
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01376-00329400-00329708 put in their full 2% of GDP in the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01377-00329709-00329927 defence there's still no sign of them
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01378-00329928-00330128 actually moving terribly quickly towards
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01379-00330129-00330338 our target so this is him attempting to
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01380-00330339-00330539 keep the pressure on and that's really
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01381-00330540-00330614 all it is
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01382-00330615-00330929 now he said that he was removing troops
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01383-00330930-00331151 from Syria and it didn't happen he said
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01384-00331152-00331298 he's going to remove troops from Germany
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01385-00331299-00331424 I don't think it's going to happen but
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01386-00331425-00331721 if it does the Polish are extremely keen
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01387-00331722-00331916 for him to move the troops and Poland in
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01388-00331917-00332096 support okay that's our lead Germany
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01389-00332097-00332444 10,000 in 10,000 Interpol I think if
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01390-00332445-00332567 they're gonna go anywhere that's
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01391-00332568-00332833 probably where they're gonna go yes well
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01392-00332834-00333032 the last thing I'll say might through
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01393-00333033-00333248 the NATO countries and all the different
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01394-00333249-00333587 sites and fields and training they've
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01395-00333588-00333797 got drills and training things going on
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01396-00333798-00334010 every week now this is absolutely very
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01397-00334011-00334137 easy to disperse
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01398-00334138-00334428 a few thousand American troops rotating
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01399-00334429-00334563 around different countries doing
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01400-00334564-00334797 different exercises so it's a lot of
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01401-00334798-00335004 it's a shell game in terms of numbers
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01402-00335005-00335310 but what does it mean in terms of NATO
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01403-00335311-00335484 what does it mean in terms of European
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01404-00335485-00335712 defence is this mean that is is there
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01405-00335713-00336012 any competition between NATO and the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01406-00336013-00336306 potential EU defence with regards to you
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01407-00336307-00336471 know who is going to be responsible for
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01408-00336472-00336666 the security of Europe well these are
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01409-00336667-00336840 all good questions and everything seems
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01410-00336841-00336999 to be in flux and as we mentioned in the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01411-00337000-00337214 program to think of Wednesday or Monday
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01412-00337215-00337676 the the brexit negotiations go
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01413-00337677-00337950 reinvigorated at the moment and it looks
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01414-00337951-00338229 very much like the UK's involvement in
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01415-00338230-00338382 the u defense is going to be one of the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01416-00338383-00338610 key bargaining chips for a trade deal
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01417-00338611-00338745 what comes out of that so you want the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01418-00338746-00339087 UK in they want the UK in the UK wants
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01419-00339088-00339360 an independent trade deal where the UK
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01420-00339361-00339687 is seen as as a sovereign equal to the
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01421-00339688-00339873 EU it doesn't want to be under EU rules
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01422-00339874-00340038 with respect to trade because we want to
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01423-00340039-00340251 do trade deals under this new global
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01424-00340252-00340533 Britain tag line with other countries
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01425-00340534-00340686 we've just started negotiations with
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01426-00340687-00340884 Australia by coincidence on the on with
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01427-00340885-00341085 respect to trade we've got negotiations
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01428-00341086-00341220 going on in the United States with
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01429-00341221-00341505 respect to trade and the the the UK's
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01430-00341506-00341736 defense is going to be the bargaining
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01431-00341737-00341922 chip that's used to get this trade deal
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01432-00341923-00342345 with the EU so so EU defense are very
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01433-00342346-00342510 much in a state of flux at the moment
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01434-00342511-00342684 it's very important to people keep an
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01435-00342685-00342987 eye on that an earless relationship is
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01436-00342988-00343137 going to be part and parcel of that as
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01437-00343138-00343308 well and where and where is the u.s.
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01438-00343309-00343467 gonna sit in that because it's old
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01439-00343468-00343683 levers of control and power might be
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01440-00343684-00343914 dissipated somewhat NATO's not going
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01441-00343915-00344130 away of course no no but the US I think
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01442-00344131-00344322 will be very very keen to seen it'll
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01443-00344323-00344580 pursue this 2030 agenda and seen it Oh
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01444-00344581-00344889 in South Southeast Asia and the South
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01445-00344890-00345096 China Sea and so on this would be this
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01446-00345097-00345228 would be something with the US would
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01447-00345229-00345411 support yeah absolutely so the new
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01448-00345412-00345690 cabinet is is containing China is yes
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01449-00345691-00345918 in closing China as they have Russia on
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01450-00345919-00346173 the on Russia's western border
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01451-00346174-00346467 absolutely yeah absolutely we'll leave
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01452-00346468-00346635 it there for today thank you very much
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01453-00346636-00346794 for joining us today Patrick thank you
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01454-00346795-00346923 for joining us
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01455-00346924-00347178 we will be back at the same time won't
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01456-00347179-00347412 on Monday as usual have a great weekend
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01457-00347413-00347565 and we will see you then
+1hl3Mm6inlI-01458-00347566-00347820 bye-bye