diff --git "a/data/en108/text/00000035.txt" "b/data/en108/text/00000035.txt"
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+1hbPKKzlO-Y-00000-00000014-00000421 [Music]
+1hbPKKzlO-Y-00001-00000422-00001333 hey Abby I'll be downstairs hey Tina
+1hbPKKzlO-Y-00002-00001334-00002146 just go do a lap you done with that one
+1hbPKKzlO-Y-00003-00002147-00002840 hey just pop them in there thanks mate
+1hbPKKzlO-Y-00004-00002841-00003986 [Applause]
+1hbPKKzlO-Y-00005-00003988-00005389 [Music]
+1hbPKKzlO-Y-00006-00005390-00005952 [Music]
+1hbPKKzlO-Y-00007-00005953-00006511 [Music]
+1hbPKKzlO-Y-00008-00006512-00006547 [Applause]
+1hbPKKzlO-Y-00009-00006548-00006776 [Music]
+1hbPKKzlO-Y-00010-00006777-00006990 these cars look like that might have had
+1hbPKKzlO-Y-00011-00006991-00007346 a few the bar staff can't see them I
+1hbPKKzlO-Y-00012-00007347-00008016 wonder if anyone is an autumn I might
+1hbPKKzlO-Y-00013-00008017-00008256 all take care of them yeah thanks
+1hbPKKzlO-Y-00014-00008257-00008565 they're having a big one I'm stuck
+1hbPKKzlO-Y-00015-00008566-00008790 driving tonight don't worry they always
+1hbPKKzlO-Y-00016-00008791-00008931 get this way after a few drinks
+1hbPKKzlO-Y-00017-00008932-00009698 I'll be right
+1hbPKKzlO-Y-00018-00009699-00009954 looks like the designated drivers buying
+1hbPKKzlO-Y-00019-00009955-00010017 the drinks
+1hbPKKzlO-Y-00020-00010018-00010191 I bet the bar staff don't know what's
+1hbPKKzlO-Y-00021-00010192-00010473 going on back here I really don't think
+1hbPKKzlO-Y-00022-00010474-00010632 those two need any more to drink right
+1hbPKKzlO-Y-00023-00010633-00010662 now
+1hbPKKzlO-Y-00024-00010663-00010836 I should probably have a chat to the
+1hbPKKzlO-Y-00025-00010837-00011768 manager
+1hbPKKzlO-Y-00026-00011769-00012039 hey Carly there's a group back there in
+1hbPKKzlO-Y-00027-00012040-00012180 the corner looks like they might have
+1hbPKKzlO-Y-00028-00012181-00012378 had a few their friend is buying the
+1hbPKKzlO-Y-00029-00012379-00012552 drinks can we let everyone know to keep
+1hbPKKzlO-Y-00030-00012553-00012723 an eye out don't want things getting
+1hbPKKzlO-Y-00031-00012724-00013266 messy thanks I'll sort it straight away
+1hbPKKzlO-Y-00032-00013266-00013332 [Music]
+1hbPKKzlO-Y-00033-00013333-00013552 [Applause]
+1hbPKKzlO-Y-00034-00013553-00013588 [Music]
+1hbPKKzlO-Y-00035-00013590-00013890 [Applause]
+1hbPKKzlO-Y-00036-00013891-00013982 [Music]
+1hbPKKzlO-Y-00037-00013983-00014166 [Applause]
+1hbPKKzlO-Y-00038-00014168-00014484 [Music]
+1jiNFSaZEKy-00000-00000000-00000254 hey guys what's up welcome to my channel
+1jiNFSaZEKy-00001-00000254-00000607 Aaron fat boy my content varies because
+1jiNFSaZEKy-00002-00000608-00000983 entertainment isn't limited I do some
+1jiNFSaZEKy-00003-00000984-00002795 weird eating challenges I also do other
+1jiNFSaZEKy-00004-00002796-00004135 random stuff
+1jiNFSaZEKy-00005-00004136-00005176 I thought I should tell you guys my
+1jiNFSaZEKy-00006-00005177-00005463 shirt randomly comes off during videos
+1jiNFSaZEKy-00007-00005464-00005716 also I thought I should warn you I
+1jiNFSaZEKy-00008-00005717-00005941 scream really loud for no apparent
+1jiNFSaZEKy-00009-00005942-00006404 reason
+1jiNFSaZEKy-00010-00006405-00006643 this video doesn't even come close to
+1jiNFSaZEKy-00011-00006644-00006859 describing my channel so make sure to
+1jiNFSaZEKy-00012-00006859-00007012 subscribe for all the latest
+1jiNFSaZEKy-00013-00007013-00007423 entertainment I may be fat but boy can I
+1jiNFSaZEKy-00014-00007423-00007695 entertain
+1kJnr94wkq0-00000-00000051-00000340 pashtun isten pashtu Stan Stan also
+1kJnr94wkq0-00001-00000341-00000530 called patchy Aniston or Perth Aniston
+1kJnr94wkq0-00002-00000531-00000811 meaning the land of Pashtun x' is the
+1kJnr94wkq0-00003-00000812-00000979 geographic historical region inhabited
+1kJnr94wkq0-00004-00000980-00001189 by the indigenous Pashtun people of
+1kJnr94wkq0-00005-00001190-00001406 modern-day Afghanistan in Pakistan
+1kJnr94wkq0-00006-00001407-00001603 wherein Pashtun culture language and
+1kJnr94wkq0-00007-00001604-00001837 national identity have been based
+1kJnr94wkq0-00008-00001838-00002081 alternative names historically used for
+1kJnr94wkq0-00009-00002082-00002293 the region include posh Dunkwa
+1kJnr94wkq0-00010-00002294-00002748 PST ee enquire rho r wh n afghanistan
+1kJnr94wkq0-00011-00002749-00002977 afghanistan since at least the 3rd
+1kJnr94wkq0-00012-00002978-00003217 century ce onward Pashtun eastern
+1kJnr94wkq0-00013-00003218-00003434 borders punjab to the east Persian and
+1kJnr94wkq0-00014-00003435-00003631 Turkish speaking regions to the west and
+1kJnr94wkq0-00015-00003632-00003824 north Kashmir to the northeast and
+1kJnr94wkq0-00016-00003825-00004090 Balochistan to the south for
+1kJnr94wkq0-00017-00004092-00004370 administrative division in 1893 mortimer
+1kJnr94wkq0-00018-00004371-00004538 duran drew the Durand Line through
+1kJnr94wkq0-00019-00004539-00004720 Pashtun astern fixing the limits of the
+1kJnr94wkq0-00020-00004721-00004909 spheres of influence between King Abdul
+1kJnr94wkq0-00021-00004910-00005150 Rahman Khan and British India this
+1kJnr94wkq0-00022-00005151-00005329 porous line that runs through the centre
+1kJnr94wkq0-00023-00005330-00005506 of the Pashtun region forms the modern
+1kJnr94wkq0-00024-00005507-00005752 border between Afghanistan and Pakistan
+1kJnr94wkq0-00025-00005753-00006013 roughly the Pashtun homeland stretches
+1kJnr94wkq0-00026-00006014-00006188 from areas south of the Amur River in
+1kJnr94wkq0-00027-00006189-00006359 Afghanistan to west of the indus river
+1kJnr94wkq0-00028-00006360-00006566 in pakistan mainly consisting of
+1kJnr94wkq0-00029-00006567-00006761 southwestern Eastern and some northern
+1kJnr94wkq0-00030-00006762-00006956 and western districts of Afghanistan and
+1kJnr94wkq0-00031-00006956-00007112 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in northern
+1kJnr94wkq0-00032-00007113-00007445 Balochistan in Pakistan the two Pashtun
+1kJnr94wkq0-00033-00007445-00007673 warrior poets bayazid PIR Roshan and
+1kJnr94wkq0-00034-00007673-00007790 Khushal Khan Khattak
+1kJnr94wkq0-00035-00007791-00007948 assembled Pashtun armies to fight
+1kJnr94wkq0-00036-00007950-00008105 against the Mughal Empire in the 16th
+1kJnr94wkq0-00037-00008106-00008456 and 17th centuries respectively in those
+1kJnr94wkq0-00038-00008457-00008687 times the eastern parts of Pashtun isten
+1kJnr94wkq0-00039-00008688-00008849 were ruled by the moguls while the
+1kJnr94wkq0-00040-00008850-00009032 western parts were ruled by the Persian
+1kJnr94wkq0-00041-00009033-00009305 Safavid z-- the Pashtun region first
+1kJnr94wkq0-00042-00009306-00009584 gained an autonomous status in 1709 when
+1kJnr94wkq0-00043-00009585-00009785 millas ho tak successfully revolted
+1kJnr94wkq0-00044-00009786-00010064 against the Safavid Xin LOI Kandahar the
+1kJnr94wkq0-00045-00010065-00010256 passions again achieved unity under the
+1kJnr94wkq0-00046-00010257-00010394 leadership of armoured Shah Durrani
+1kJnr94wkq0-00047-00010395-00010625 founder of the Durrani dynasty when he
+1kJnr94wkq0-00048-00010626-00010916 established the Afghan Empire in 1747 in
+1kJnr94wkq0-00049-00010917-00011204 the 19th century however the Afghan
+1kJnr94wkq0-00050-00011205-00011405 Empire lost large parts of its eastern
+1kJnr94wkq0-00051-00011406-00011558 territory to the Sikh and British
+1kJnr94wkq0-00052-00011559-00011840 Empire's famous Pashtun independence
+1kJnr94wkq0-00053-00011841-00011984 activists against the rule of the
+1kJnr94wkq0-00054-00011985-00012209 British Raj include bacha Khan Abdul
+1kJnr94wkq0-00055-00012210-00012413 Samad Carnot shark's eye and MERS Ali
+1kJnr94wkq0-00056-00012414-00012707 Khan fattier of ipi voters in the
+1kJnr94wkq0-00057-00012708-00012892 Northwest Frontier Province voted
+1kJnr94wkq0-00058-00012893-00013030 overwhelmingly in favour of joining
+1kJnr94wkq0-00059-00013031-00013412 Pakistan in a July 1947 referendum
+1kJnr94wkq0-00060-00013413-00013646 however batcher can't coud I kid Matt
+1kJnr94wkq0-00061-00013647-00013793 Goss and the Indian National Congress
+1kJnr94wkq0-00062-00013794-00014018 had boycotted the referendum and some
+1kJnr94wkq0-00063-00014019-00014165 have argued that a segment of the
+1kJnr94wkq0-00064-00014166-00014338 population voted was barred from voting
+1kJnr94wkq0-00065-00014340-00014684 after the July 1947 referendum murrs Ali
+1kJnr94wkq0-00066-00014685-00014849 Khan and his followers refused to
+1kJnr94wkq0-00067-00014850-00015053 recognize Pakistan and continued their
+1kJnr94wkq0-00068-00015054-00015269 war from the base at gerweck Waziristan
+1kJnr94wkq0-00069-00015269-00015427 against the new States government
+1kJnr94wkq0-00070-00015428-00015697 growing participation of passions in the
+1kJnr94wkq0-00071-00015699-00015881 Pakistani government resulted in the
+1kJnr94wkq0-00072-00015882-00016010 erosion of the support for the
+1kJnr94wkq0-00073-00016011-00016196 secessionist pastina stand movement in
+1kJnr94wkq0-00074-00016197-00016940 the province by the end of the 1960s
+1kJnr94wkq0-00075-00016941-00017480 topic origin of term
+1kJnr94wkq0-00076-00017481-00017690 the name used for the region during the
+1kJnr94wkq0-00077-00017691-00017867 Middle Ages and up until the 20th
+1kJnr94wkq0-00078-00017868-00018176 century was Afghanistan Afghanistan is a
+1kJnr94wkq0-00079-00018177-00018377 reference to this land by its ethnicity
+1kJnr94wkq0-00080-00018378-00018566 which were the Afghans while Pashtun
+1kJnr94wkq0-00081-00018567-00018737 astern is a reference to this land by
+1kJnr94wkq0-00082-00018738-00019004 its language mention of this land by the
+1kJnr94wkq0-00083-00019005-00019219 name of Afghanistan predates mentioned
+1kJnr94wkq0-00084-00019220-00019394 by the name of Pashtun isten which has
+1kJnr94wkq0-00085-00019395-00019550 been mentioned by our mid Shah Durrani
+1kJnr94wkq0-00086-00019551-00019796 in his famous couplet by 6th century
+1kJnr94wkq0-00087-00019797-00020006 Indian astronomer Vera hammer Hara 7th
+1kJnr94wkq0-00088-00020007-00020228 century Chinese pilgrim hive and tisha
+1kJnr94wkq0-00089-00020229-00020465 yang 14th century Moroccan scholar IBN
+1kJnr94wkq0-00090-00020466-00020681 battuta mughal emperor babur 16th
+1kJnr94wkq0-00091-00020682-00020876 century historian forester and many
+1kJnr94wkq0-00092-00020877-00021065 others the men of kabul and killed you
+1kJnr94wkq0-00093-00021066-00021227 also went home and whenever they were
+1kJnr94wkq0-00094-00021228-00021389 questioned about the moose on one of the
+1kJnr94wkq0-00095-00021390-00021569 co-hosts on the mountains and how
+1kJnr94wkq0-00096-00021570-00021791 matters stood there they said don't call
+1kJnr94wkq0-00097-00021792-00022058 it co histone but afghanistan for there
+1kJnr94wkq0-00098-00022059-00022208 is nothing there but afghan and
+1kJnr94wkq0-00099-00022209-00022553 disturbances thus it is clear that for
+1kJnr94wkq0-00100-00022554-00022688 this reason the people of the country
+1kJnr94wkq0-00101-00022689-00022865 call their home in their own language
+1kJnr94wkq0-00102-00022866-00023174 afghanistan and themselves afghan but it
+1kJnr94wkq0-00103-00023175-00023357 occurs to me that when under the rule of
+1kJnr94wkq0-00104-00023358-00023572 Muhammad and sovereigns mu Salman first
+1kJnr94wkq0-00105-00023573-00023765 came to the city of patent or and dwelt
+1kJnr94wkq0-00106-00023766-00023924 there the people of India for that
+1kJnr94wkq0-00107-00023925-00024211 reason called them patent but God knows
+1kJnr94wkq0-00108-00024212-00024515 the Pashtun aim patchiness t'l Pashtun
+1kJnr94wkq0-00109-00024516-00024755 iStent posh to Stan Stern ask evolved
+1kJnr94wkq0-00110-00024756-00024968 originally from the Indian word perfe
+1kJnr94wkq0-00111-00024969-00025235 nestin Hindustani pants turn nastily
+1kJnr94wkq0-00112-00025236-00025522 path in Astana Devanagari the concept of
+1kJnr94wkq0-00113-00025523-00025740 Pashtun astern was inspired by the term
+1kJnr94wkq0-00114-00025741-00026018 Pakhtunkhwa british indian leaders
+1kJnr94wkq0-00115-00026019-00026245 including the coup by kid Makar started
+1kJnr94wkq0-00116-00026247-00026521 using the word Pathan isten to refer to
+1kJnr94wkq0-00117-00026522-00026780 the region and later the word Pashtun
+1kJnr94wkq0-00118-00026781-00027427 isten became more popular
+1kJnr94wkq0-00119-00027429-00027972 topic the native people
+1kJnr94wkq0-00120-00027973-00028173 the native or indigenous people of
+1kJnr94wkq0-00121-00028174-00028364 Pashtun astern of the passions also
+1kJnr94wkq0-00122-00028366-00028536 known as packed ins patterns and
+1kJnr94wkq0-00123-00028537-00028725 historically as ethnic afghans and a
+1kJnr94wkq0-00124-00028726-00028964 ranek ethnic group they are the largest
+1kJnr94wkq0-00125-00028966-00029163 ethnic group in Afghanistan and the
+1kJnr94wkq0-00126-00029164-00029457 second largest in Pakistan the Pashtun
+1kJnr94wkq0-00127-00029458-00029625 czar concentrated mainly in the south
+1kJnr94wkq0-00128-00029626-00029852 and east of Afghanistan but also exist
+1kJnr94wkq0-00129-00029854-00030002 in northern and western parts of the
+1kJnr94wkq0-00130-00030004-00030314 country as a minority group in Pakistan
+1kJnr94wkq0-00131-00030316-00030480 they are concentrated in the west and
+1kJnr94wkq0-00132-00030481-00030666 northwest inhabiting mainly Khyber
+1kJnr94wkq0-00133-00030667-00030873 Pakhtunkhwa and northern Balochistan
+1kJnr94wkq0-00134-00030874-00031137 in addition communities of passions are
+1kJnr94wkq0-00135-00031138-00031338 found in other parts of Pakistan such as
+1kJnr94wkq0-00136-00031339-00031583 Sindh Punjab gilgit-baltistan and in the
+1kJnr94wkq0-00137-00031585-00031851 nation's capital Islamabad the main
+1kJnr94wkq0-00138-00031852-00032013 language spoken in the delineated
+1kJnr94wkq0-00139-00032014-00032232 Pashtun isten region is pash - followed
+1kJnr94wkq0-00140-00032233-00032466 by others such as balochi hin co NGO
+1kJnr94wkq0-00141-00032467-00032772 tree and urdu the Pashtuns practiced
+1kJnr94wkq0-00142-00032773-00032976 Pashtunwali the indigenous culture of
+1kJnr94wkq0-00143-00032977-00033117 the passions and this pre-islamic
+1kJnr94wkq0-00144-00033118-00033342 identity remains significant for many
+1kJnr94wkq0-00145-00033343-00033507 passions and is one of the factors that
+1kJnr94wkq0-00146-00033508-00033713 have kept the Pashtun isten issue alive
+1kJnr94wkq0-00147-00033714-00033939 although the passions are politically
+1kJnr94wkq0-00148-00033940-00034113 separated by the Durand line between
+1kJnr94wkq0-00149-00034114-00034368 Pakistan and Afghanistan many Pashtun
+1kJnr94wkq0-00150-00034369-00034542 tribes from the farter area in the
+1kJnr94wkq0-00151-00034543-00034761 adjacent regions of Afghanistan tend to
+1kJnr94wkq0-00152-00034762-00034908 ignore the border and cross back and
+1kJnr94wkq0-00153-00034909-00035085 forth with relative ease to attend
+1kJnr94wkq0-00154-00035086-00035304 weddings family functions and take part
+1kJnr94wkq0-00155-00035305-00035511 in the joint tribal councils known as J
+1kJnr94wkq0-00156-00035512-00035757 gasps though this was common before the
+1kJnr94wkq0-00157-00035758-00035952 war on terror but after several military
+1kJnr94wkq0-00158-00035953-00036153 operations conducted in farter this
+1kJnr94wkq0-00159-00036154-00036321 cross-border movement is checked via
+1kJnr94wkq0-00160-00036322-00036504 military and has become very less in
+1kJnr94wkq0-00161-00036505-00036807 comparison to the past depending on the
+1kJnr94wkq0-00162-00036808-00037071 source the ethnic Pashtuns constitute 42
+1kJnr94wkq0-00163-00037072-00037335 to 60% of the population of afghanistan
+1kJnr94wkq0-00164-00037336-00037620 in neighboring Pakistan they constitute
+1kJnr94wkq0-00165-00037621-00037947 15 point 4 2% of the 190 million
+1kJnr94wkq0-00166-00037948-00038187 population which includes the Hinkins in
+1kJnr94wkq0-00167-00038188-00038415 the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of
+1kJnr94wkq0-00168-00038416-00038681 Pakistan - two speakers constitute above
+1kJnr94wkq0-00169-00038682-00039511 73% of the population as of 1998
+1kJnr94wkq0-00170-00039512-00040014 topic history
+1kJnr94wkq0-00171-00040015-00040230 since the second millennium BC the
+1kJnr94wkq0-00172-00040231-00040432 region now inhabited by the native
+1kJnr94wkq0-00173-00040433-00040599 Pashtun people had been conquered by
+1kJnr94wkq0-00174-00040600-00040824 ancient Iranian people's the Medes
+1kJnr94wkq0-00175-00040825-00041133 Akemi nerds Greeks Marius cushions Hef
+1kJnr94wkq0-00176-00041134-00041400 lights sassani ins Arab Muslims Turks
+1kJnr94wkq0-00177-00041401-00041760 moguls and others in recent age people
+1kJnr94wkq0-00178-00041761-00041913 of the Western world have nominally
+1kJnr94wkq0-00179-00041914-00042111 explored the area Arab Muslims arrived
+1kJnr94wkq0-00180-00042112-00042261 in the seventh century and began
+1kJnr94wkq0-00181-00042262-00042468 introducing Islam to the native Pashtun
+1kJnr94wkq0-00182-00042469-00042657 people some of the Arabs settled in the
+1kJnr94wkq0-00183-00042658-00042835 silliman mountains and slowly became
+1kJnr94wkq0-00184-00042836-00043092 Pashtun eyes Dover time the Pashtun
+1kJnr94wkq0-00185-00043093-00043279 astern area later fell to the Turkish
+1kJnr94wkq0-00186-00043280-00043461 ghaznavids whose main capital was at
+1kJnr94wkq0-00187-00043462-00043677 Ghazni with Lahore serving as the second
+1kJnr94wkq0-00188-00043678-00043974 powerhouse the ghaznavid empire was then
+1kJnr94wkq0-00189-00043975-00044179 taken over by the guards from today's G
+1kJnr94wkq0-00190-00044180-00044502 hor Afghanistan the army of Genghis Khan
+1kJnr94wkq0-00191-00044503-00044733 arrived in the 13th century and began
+1kJnr94wkq0-00192-00044734-00044925 destroying Persian speaking cities in
+1kJnr94wkq0-00193-00044926-00045087 the north while the Pashtun territory
+1kJnr94wkq0-00194-00045088-00045273 was defended by the khalji dynasty of
+1kJnr94wkq0-00195-00045274-00045588 Delhi in the 14th and 15th century the
+1kJnr94wkq0-00196-00045589-00045771 Timur a dynasty was in control of the
+1kJnr94wkq0-00197-00045772-00045975 nearby cities and towns until Babur
+1kJnr94wkq0-00198-00045976-00046656 captured Kabul in 1504
+1kJnr94wkq0-00199-00046657-00046986 topic delhi sultanate in the last afghan
+1kJnr94wkq0-00200-00046987-00047361 empire
+1kJnr94wkq0-00201-00047362-00047580 during the Delhi Sultanate era the
+1kJnr94wkq0-00202-00047581-00047772 region was ruled by various largely
+1kJnr94wkq0-00203-00047773-00048000 Sunni Hanafi jurisprudential driven
+1kJnr94wkq0-00204-00048001-00048206 Turkic dynasties from Delhi India an
+1kJnr94wkq0-00205-00048207-00048440 early Pashtun nationalist was their
+1kJnr94wkq0-00206-00048441-00048740 warrior-poet Khushal Khan Khattak who
+1kJnr94wkq0-00207-00048741-00048887 was imprisoned by the Mughal emperor
+1kJnr94wkq0-00208-00048888-00049047 Aurangzeb for trying to incite the
+1kJnr94wkq0-00209-00049048-00049230 passions to rebel against the rule of
+1kJnr94wkq0-00210-00049231-00049304 the moguls
+1kJnr94wkq0-00211-00049305-00049551 however despite sharing a common
+1kJnr94wkq0-00212-00049552-00049695 language in believing in a common
+1kJnr94wkq0-00213-00049696-00049890 ancestry the Pashtuns first achieved
+1kJnr94wkq0-00214-00049891-00050178 unity in the 18th century the eastern
+1kJnr94wkq0-00215-00050179-00050361 parts of Pashtun isten was ruled by the
+1kJnr94wkq0-00216-00050362-00050547 Mughal Empire while the western parts
+1kJnr94wkq0-00217-00050548-00050733 were ruled by the Persian Safavid zazz
+1kJnr94wkq0-00218-00050734-00050990 their easternmost provinces during the
+1kJnr94wkq0-00219-00050991-00051239 early 18th century Pashtun tribes led by
+1kJnr94wkq0-00220-00051240-00051450 mere wise ho tack successfully revolted
+1kJnr94wkq0-00221-00051451-00051614 against the Safavid xin the city of
+1kJnr94wkq0-00222-00051615-00051882 Kandahar in a chain of events he
+1kJnr94wkq0-00223-00051883-00052062 declared Kandahar and other parts of
+1kJnr94wkq0-00224-00052063-00052214 what is now southern Afghanistan
+1kJnr94wkq0-00225-00052215-00052563 independent by 1738 the Mughal Empire
+1kJnr94wkq0-00226-00052564-00052740 had been crushingly defeated in the
+1kJnr94wkq0-00227-00052741-00052953 capital sacked and looted by forces of a
+1kJnr94wkq0-00228-00052954-00053151 new Iranian ruler the military genius
+1kJnr94wkq0-00229-00053152-00053298 and command and nadir Shah
+1kJnr94wkq0-00230-00053299-00053595 besides Persian Turkmen and Caucasian
+1kJnr94wkq0-00231-00053596-00053814 forces Nader was also accompanied by the
+1kJnr94wkq0-00232-00053815-00054051 young armored Shah Durrani and 4,000
+1kJnr94wkq0-00233-00054052-00054237 well-trained Pashtun troops from what is
+1kJnr94wkq0-00234-00054238-00054466 now Afghanistan and northwest Pakistan
+1kJnr94wkq0-00235-00054467-00054830 after the death of nadir Shah in 1747
+1kJnr94wkq0-00236-00054832-00054992 and the disintegration of his massive
+1kJnr94wkq0-00237-00054994-00055229 empire armored Shah Durrani created his
+1kJnr94wkq0-00238-00055230-00055391 own large and powerful Durrani Empire
+1kJnr94wkq0-00239-00055392-00055644 which included Pashtun isten and most of
+1kJnr94wkq0-00240-00055645-00055880 nowadays Pakistan among other regions
+1kJnr94wkq0-00241-00055882-00056136 the famous couplet by Ahmed Shah Durrani
+1kJnr94wkq0-00242-00056137-00056357 describes the association that people
+1kJnr94wkq0-00243-00056358-00056579 have with the regional city of Kandahar
+1kJnr94wkq0-00244-00056579-00056919 dard elite act Haruma che ray ad cams
+1kJnr94wkq0-00245-00056920-00057191 Armour Dark Age Calais put Concord RGH
+1kJnr94wkq0-00246-00057192-00057669 re Serena translation I forget the
+1kJnr94wkq0-00247-00057670-00057846 throne of Delhi when I recall the
+1kJnr94wkq0-00248-00057847-00058035 mountain peaks of my beautiful put
+1kJnr94wkq0-00249-00058036-00058210 tongue Qin
+1kJnr94wkq0-00250-00058211-00058416 the last Afghan Empire was established
+1kJnr94wkq0-00251-00058417-00058732 in 1747 and United all the different
+1kJnr94wkq0-00252-00058733-00058897 Pashtun tribes as well as many other
+1kJnr94wkq0-00253-00058898-00059188 ethnic groups parts of the Pashtun isten
+1kJnr94wkq0-00254-00059189-00059379 region around Peshawar was invaded by
+1kJnr94wkq0-00255-00059380-00059578 Ranjit Singh and his Sikh Army in the
+1kJnr94wkq0-00256-00059579-00059815 early part of the 19th century but a few
+1kJnr94wkq0-00257-00059816-00059965 years later they were defeated by the
+1kJnr94wkq0-00258-00059966-00060166 British Raj the new powerful Empire
+1kJnr94wkq0-00259-00060166-00060340 which reached the Pashtun isten region
+1kJnr94wkq0-00260-00060341-00060892 from the east
+1kJnr94wkq0-00261-00060894-00061450 topic European influence
+1kJnr94wkq0-00262-00061451-00061633 following the decline of the Durrani
+1kJnr94wkq0-00263-00061634-00061822 dynasty and the establishment of the new
+1kJnr94wkq0-00264-00061823-00062035 barracks I dynasty in Afghanistan the
+1kJnr94wkq0-00265-00062036-00062221 Pashtun domains began to shrink as they
+1kJnr94wkq0-00266-00062222-00062407 lost control over other parts of South
+1kJnr94wkq0-00267-00062408-00062602 Asia to the British such the Punjab
+1kJnr94wkq0-00268-00062603-00062857 region in the Balochistan region the
+1kJnr94wkq0-00269-00062858-00063066 anglo-afghan wars were fought as part of
+1kJnr94wkq0-00270-00063067-00063259 the overall imperialistic great game
+1kJnr94wkq0-00271-00063260-00063400 that was waged between the Russian
+1kJnr94wkq0-00272-00063401-00063634 Empire and the British poor and
+1kJnr94wkq0-00273-00063635-00063841 landlocked newly-born Afghanistan was
+1kJnr94wkq0-00274-00063841-00064024 able to defend its territory and keep
+1kJnr94wkq0-00275-00064025-00064219 both sides at bay by using him against
+1kJnr94wkq0-00276-00064220-00064576 each other in 1893 as part of a way for
+1kJnr94wkq0-00277-00064577-00064723 fixing the limit of their respective
+1kJnr94wkq0-00278-00064724-00064885 spheres of influence the Durand Line
+1kJnr94wkq0-00279-00064886-00065127 agreement was signed between Afghan iron
+1kJnr94wkq0-00280-00065128-00065374 Amir Abdur Rahman and British Viceroy
+1kJnr94wkq0-00281-00065375-00065509 Mortimer Durand
+1kJnr94wkq0-00282-00065510-00065791 in 1905 the Northwest Frontier Province
+1kJnr94wkq0-00283-00065792-00066043 today's Khyber Pakhtunkhwa was created
+1kJnr94wkq0-00284-00066044-00066214 and roughly corresponded to Pashtun
+1kJnr94wkq0-00285-00066215-00066370 majority regions within the British
+1kJnr94wkq0-00286-00066371-00066661 domain the farter area was created to
+1kJnr94wkq0-00287-00066662-00066847 further placate the Pashtun tribes men
+1kJnr94wkq0-00288-00066848-00067027 who never fully accepted British rule
+1kJnr94wkq0-00289-00067028-00067201 and were prone to rebellions while the
+1kJnr94wkq0-00290-00067202-00067360 city of Peshawar was directly
+1kJnr94wkq0-00291-00067361-00067507 administered as part of a British
+1kJnr94wkq0-00292-00067508-00067702 protectorate state with full integration
+1kJnr94wkq0-00293-00067703-00067855 into the federal rule of law with the
+1kJnr94wkq0-00294-00067856-00068050 establishment of civic amenities in the
+1kJnr94wkq0-00295-00068051-00068197 construction of railway road
+1kJnr94wkq0-00296-00068198-00068380 infrastructure as well as educational
+1kJnr94wkq0-00297-00068381-00068560 institutes to bring the region at par
+1kJnr94wkq0-00298-00068561-00068830 with the developed world during World
+1kJnr94wkq0-00299-00068831-00069010 War one the Afghan government was
+1kJnr94wkq0-00300-00069011-00069187 contacted by the Ottoman Turkey in
+1kJnr94wkq0-00301-00069188-00069367 Germany through the Neda mayor Henty
+1kJnr94wkq0-00302-00069368-00069565 Commission to join the central Allies on
+1kJnr94wkq0-00303-00069566-00069772 behalf of the Caliph energy heart some
+1kJnr94wkq0-00304-00069773-00069985 revolutionaries tribals and Afghan
+1kJnr94wkq0-00305-00069986-00070156 leaders including a brother of the Emir
+1kJnr94wkq0-00306-00070157-00070339 named Nashville akan we're in favour of
+1kJnr94wkq0-00307-00070340-00070510 the delegation and wanted the Emir to
+1kJnr94wkq0-00308-00070511-00070638 declare jihad
+1kJnr94wkq0-00309-00070639-00070876 kazeem Bey carried a Fuhrman from the
+1kJnr94wkq0-00310-00070877-00071098 Khalifa in Persian it was addressed to
+1kJnr94wkq0-00311-00071099-00071389 the residents of Perth Anniston it said
+1kJnr94wkq0-00312-00071390-00071578 that when the British were defeated his
+1kJnr94wkq0-00313-00071579-00071797 Majesty the Khalifa in agreement with
+1kJnr94wkq0-00314-00071798-00072037 allied States will acquire guarantee for
+1kJnr94wkq0-00315-00072038-00072235 independence of the United State of
+1kJnr94wkq0-00316-00072236-00072409 Perth Aniston and will provide every
+1kJnr94wkq0-00317-00072410-00072715 kind of assistance to it thereafter I
+1kJnr94wkq0-00318-00072716-00072916 will not allow any interference in the
+1kJnr94wkq0-00319-00072917-00073180 country of Perth Aniston armoured
+1kJnr94wkq0-00320-00073181-00073813 checkers i 1989 PP 138 to 139 however
+1kJnr94wkq0-00321-00073814-00073996 the efforts failed in the afghan emir
+1kJnr94wkq0-00322-00073997-00074122 habib allah khan maintained
+1kJnr94wkq0-00323-00074123-00074299 Afghanistan's neutrality throughout
+1kJnr94wkq0-00324-00074300-00074515 World War one for more information see
+1kJnr94wkq0-00325-00074516-00074788 similarly during the 1942 Crips
+1kJnr94wkq0-00326-00074789-00075082 and 1946 cabinet mission to India the
+1kJnr94wkq0-00327-00075083-00075274 Afghan government made repeated attempts
+1kJnr94wkq0-00328-00075275-00075433 to ensure that any debate about the
+1kJnr94wkq0-00329-00075434-00075586 independence of India must include
+1kJnr94wkq0-00330-00075587-00075784 Afghanistan's role in the future of the
+1kJnr94wkq0-00331-00075785-00076078 N WFP the British government wavered
+1kJnr94wkq0-00332-00076079-00076243 between reassuring the Afghan to the
+1kJnr94wkq0-00333-00076244-00076414 rejection of their role in insistence
+1kJnr94wkq0-00334-00076415-00076630 that n WFP was an integral part of
+1kJnr94wkq0-00335-00076631-00076822 British India the coudé I kid maad garu
+1kJnr94wkq0-00336-00076823-00077014 a non-violent group and ghafir Khan
+1kJnr94wkq0-00337-00077015-00077203 claimed to have been inspired by Mahatma
+1kJnr94wkq0-00338-00077204-00077452 Gandhi while the red shirts were willing
+1kJnr94wkq0-00339-00077453-00077593 to work with the Indian National
+1kJnr94wkq0-00340-00077594-00077761 Congress from a political point of view
+1kJnr94wkq0-00341-00077762-00077950 the passions as a people desired
+1kJnr94wkq0-00342-00077951-00078552 independence from India
+1kJnr94wkq0-00343-00078553-00079080 topic Banu resolution
+1kJnr94wkq0-00344-00079081-00079485 in June 1947 MERS Alikhan fattier of ipi
+1kJnr94wkq0-00345-00079486-00079710 bachik on and other cou die kid Matt
+1kJnr94wkq0-00346-00079711-00079887 Goss declared the banner resolution
+1kJnr94wkq0-00347-00079888-00080061 demanding that the passions be given a
+1kJnr94wkq0-00348-00080062-00080238 choice to have an independent state of
+1kJnr94wkq0-00349-00080239-00080433 Pashtun esteem composing all Pashtun
+1kJnr94wkq0-00350-00080434-00080616 majority territories of British India
+1kJnr94wkq0-00351-00080617-00080787 instead of being made to join the new
+1kJnr94wkq0-00352-00080788-00080906 state of Pakistan
+1kJnr94wkq0-00353-00080907-00081162 however the British Raj refused to
+1kJnr94wkq0-00354-00081163-00081288 comply with the demand of this
+1kJnr94wkq0-00355-00081289-00081543 resolution voters in the Northwest
+1kJnr94wkq0-00356-00081544-00081705 Frontier Province voted overwhelmingly
+1kJnr94wkq0-00357-00081706-00081933 in favor of Pakistan in the referendum
+1kJnr94wkq0-00358-00081934-00082311 held in July 1947 two hundred and eighty
+1kJnr94wkq0-00359-00082312-00082524 nine thousand two hundred and forty four
+1kJnr94wkq0-00360-00082525-00082827 ninety nine oh two percent votes were
+1kJnr94wkq0-00361-00082828-00083381 cast in favor of Pakistan
+1kJnr94wkq0-00362-00083382-00084115 topic independence of Pakistan in 1947
+1kJnr94wkq0-00363-00084116-00084373 the concept of Pashtun isten has varying
+1kJnr94wkq0-00364-00084374-00084592 meanings across Pakistan in Afghanistan
+1kJnr94wkq0-00365-00084593-00084928 in Afghanistan Pashtun nationalist look
+1kJnr94wkq0-00366-00084929-00085069 after their interests of the Pashtun
+1kJnr94wkq0-00367-00085070-00085258 ethnic group and have support only from
+1kJnr94wkq0-00368-00085259-00085561 him they favor the ideas of Loya Aniston
+1kJnr94wkq0-00369-00085562-00085870 or Greater Afghanistan and maintain an
+1kJnr94wkq0-00370-00085871-00086065 irredentist claim on the entire Pashtun
+1kJnr94wkq0-00371-00086066-00086293 populated region the Pashtun astern
+1kJnr94wkq0-00372-00086294-00086500 demand also served the cause of domestic
+1kJnr94wkq0-00373-00086501-00086722 Afghan politics where several successive
+1kJnr94wkq0-00374-00086723-00086908 governments used the idea to strengthen
+1kJnr94wkq0-00375-00086909-00087196 Pashtun ethnic support for the state
+1kJnr94wkq0-00376-00087197-00087421 this policy intensified ethno-linguistic
+1kJnr94wkq0-00377-00087422-00087634 rivalry between Pashtun x' and non
+1kJnr94wkq0-00378-00087635-00087904 passions in the country these claims are
+1kJnr94wkq0-00379-00087905-00088111 contested in Pakistan where Pashtun
+1kJnr94wkq0-00380-00088112-00088279 politics centers on political autonomy
+1kJnr94wkq0-00381-00088280-00088609 rather than irredentist politics since
+1kJnr94wkq0-00382-00088610-00088828 the late 1940s with the dissolution of
+1kJnr94wkq0-00383-00088829-00088987 British India and the independence of
+1kJnr94wkq0-00384-00088988-00089224 Pakistan some rigid Pashtun nationalists
+1kJnr94wkq0-00385-00089225-00089416 proposed merging with Afghanistan or
+1kJnr94wkq0-00386-00089417-00089602 creating Pashtun astone as a future
+1kJnr94wkq0-00387-00089603-00089776 sovereign state for the local Pashtun
+1kJnr94wkq0-00388-00089777-00090025 inhabitants of the area at first
+1kJnr94wkq0-00389-00090026-00090229 Afghanistan became the only government
+1kJnr94wkq0-00390-00090230-00090439 to oppose the entry of Pakistan into the
+1kJnr94wkq0-00391-00090440-00090712 United Nations in 1947 although it was
+1kJnr94wkq0-00392-00090713-00091047 reversed a few months later on July 26
+1kJnr94wkq0-00393-00091048-00091363 1949 when afghanistan pakistan relations
+1kJnr94wkq0-00394-00091364-00091555 were rapidly deteriorating a Loya Jirga
+1kJnr94wkq0-00395-00091556-00091774 was held in Afghanistan after a military
+1kJnr94wkq0-00396-00091775-00091981 aircraft from the Pakistan Air Force
+1kJnr94wkq0-00397-00091982-00092161 bombed a village on the Afghan side of
+1kJnr94wkq0-00398-00092162-00092401 the Durand Line as a result of this
+1kJnr94wkq0-00399-00092402-00092620 violation the Afghan government declared
+1kJnr94wkq0-00400-00092621-00092860 that it recognized neither the imaginary
+1kJnr94wkq0-00401-00092861-00093148 Durand nor any similar line and that all
+1kJnr94wkq0-00402-00093149-00093334 previous Durand Line agreements were
+1kJnr94wkq0-00403-00093335-00093682 void during the 1950s to the late 1960s
+1kJnr94wkq0-00404-00093683-00093838 Pashtuns were promoted to higher
+1kJnr94wkq0-00405-00093839-00093967 positions within the Pakistani
+1kJnr94wkq0-00406-00093968-00094153 government and military thereby
+1kJnr94wkq0-00407-00094154-00094357 integrating pasterns into the Pakistani
+1kJnr94wkq0-00408-00094358-00094510 state and severely weakening
+1kJnr94wkq0-00409-00094511-00094678 secessionist sentiments to the point
+1kJnr94wkq0-00410-00094679-00094915 that by the mid-1960s popular support
+1kJnr94wkq0-00411-00094916-00095131 for an independent Pashtun isten had all
+1kJnr94wkq0-00412-00095132-00095332 but disappeared an important development
+1kJnr94wkq0-00413-00095333-00095626 in Pakistan during the Ayub period 1958
+1kJnr94wkq0-00414-00095627-00095917 to 1969 was the gradual integration into
+1kJnr94wkq0-00415-00095918-00096112 Pakistani society in the military
+1kJnr94wkq0-00416-00096113-00096358 bureaucratic establishment it was a
+1kJnr94wkq0-00417-00096359-00096571 period of Pakistan's political history
+1kJnr94wkq0-00418-00096572-00096739 which saw a large number of ethnic
+1kJnr94wkq0-00419-00096740-00096925 Pashtuns holding high positions in the
+1kJnr94wkq0-00420-00096926-00097159 military and the bureaucracy Ayub
+1kJnr94wkq0-00421-00097160-00097396 himself was a non Pashto speaking ethnic
+1kJnr94wkq0-00422-00097397-00097495 Pashtun belonging
+1kJnr94wkq0-00423-00097496-00097663 the Terran sub-tribe of the Hazra
+1kJnr94wkq0-00424-00097664-00097894 district in the frontier the growing
+1kJnr94wkq0-00425-00097895-00098059 participation of passions in the
+1kJnr94wkq0-00426-00098060-00098248 Pakistani government resulted in the
+1kJnr94wkq0-00427-00098249-00098401 erosion of the support for the pashmina
+1kJnr94wkq0-00428-00098402-00098575 stand movement in the province by the
+1kJnr94wkq0-00429-00098576-00098932 end of the 1960's Afghanistan and
+1kJnr94wkq0-00430-00098933-00099112 Pashtun nationalists did not exploit
+1kJnr94wkq0-00431-00099113-00099304 Pakistan's vulnerability during the
+1kJnr94wkq0-00432-00099305-00099661 nation's 1965 and 1971 Wars with India
+1kJnr94wkq0-00433-00099662-00099853 and even backed Pakistan against a
+1kJnr94wkq0-00434-00099854-00100168 largely Hindu India further had Pakistan
+1kJnr94wkq0-00435-00100169-00100393 being destabilized by India nationalists
+1kJnr94wkq0-00436-00100394-00100543 would have had to fight against a much
+1kJnr94wkq0-00437-00100544-00100729 bigger country than Pakistan for their
+1kJnr94wkq0-00438-00100730-00101008 independence in the 1970s the roles of
+1kJnr94wkq0-00439-00101009-00101203 Pakistan and Afghanistan reversed
+1kJnr94wkq0-00440-00101204-00101377 despite the fresh crackdown on Ballack
+1kJnr94wkq0-00441-00101378-00101512 and Pashtun nationalist by the
+1kJnr94wkq0-00442-00101513-00101721 government of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
+1kJnr94wkq0-00443-00101722-00101965 meanwhile the new Republican Afghan
+1kJnr94wkq0-00444-00101966-00102169 President Mohammed Daoud Khan was a
+1kJnr94wkq0-00445-00102170-00102364 Pashtun nationalist and tensions between
+1kJnr94wkq0-00446-00102365-00102532 the two countries over the past she
+1kJnr94wkq0-00447-00102533-00102711 missed an issue almost led to conflict
+1kJnr94wkq0-00448-00102713-00102967 the Pakistan government decided to
+1kJnr94wkq0-00449-00102968-00103078 retaliate against the Afghan
+1kJnr94wkq0-00450-00103079-00103284 government's past unist and policy by
+1kJnr94wkq0-00451-00103285-00103456 supporting Islamist opponents of the
+1kJnr94wkq0-00452-00103457-00103624 Afghan government including future
+1kJnr94wkq0-00453-00103625-00103777 Mujahideen leaders goal Burdine
+1kJnr94wkq0-00454-00103778-00104065 Hekmatyar an armoured Shah Massoud this
+1kJnr94wkq0-00455-00104066-00104281 operation was remarkably successful and
+1kJnr94wkq0-00456-00104282-00104566 by 1977 the Afghan government of Daoud
+1kJnr94wkq0-00457-00104567-00104707 Khan was willing to settle all
+1kJnr94wkq0-00458-00104708-00104890 outstanding issues in exchange for a
+1kJnr94wkq0-00459-00104891-00105073 lifting of the ban on the National Awami
+1kJnr94wkq0-00460-00105074-00105268 Party in a commitment towards provincial
+1kJnr94wkq0-00461-00105269-00105457 autonomy for Pashtuns which was already
+1kJnr94wkq0-00462-00105458-00105700 guaranteed by Pakistan's Constitution
+1kJnr94wkq0-00463-00105701-00105865 but stripped by the Bhutto government
+1kJnr94wkq0-00464-00105866-00106568 when the one unit scheme was introduced
+1kJnr94wkq0-00465-00106569-00107164 topic 21st century
+1kJnr94wkq0-00466-00107165-00107361 the past unist an issue is rarely
+1kJnr94wkq0-00467-00107363-00107514 mentioned anymore as a point of
+1kJnr94wkq0-00468-00107515-00107661 disagreement between Afghan and
+1kJnr94wkq0-00469-00107663-00107883 Pakistani officials a far cry from the
+1kJnr94wkq0-00470-00107884-00108141 1950s and 1960s when the issue was
+1kJnr94wkq0-00471-00108142-00108402 considered contentious there are several
+1kJnr94wkq0-00472-00108403-00108547 arguments from the governments of
+1kJnr94wkq0-00473-00108548-00108757 Afghanistan and Pakistan regarding the
+1kJnr94wkq0-00474-00108758-00108994 Pashtun isten issue these arguments
+1kJnr94wkq0-00475-00108995-00109164 sometimes overlap but can be
+1kJnr94wkq0-00476-00109165-00109365 distinctively defined the British
+1kJnr94wkq0-00477-00109366-00109551 influence in the region of Afghanistan
+1kJnr94wkq0-00478-00109552-00109752 and Pakistan was most prominent during
+1kJnr94wkq0-00479-00109753-00109963 the late 19th century and early portion
+1kJnr94wkq0-00480-00109964-00110139 of the 20th century when the British
+1kJnr94wkq0-00481-00110140-00110289 sought to re-establish efforts at
+1kJnr94wkq0-00482-00110290-00110460 colonization during Britain's imperial
+1kJnr94wkq0-00483-00110461-00110749 century this British experiment was
+1kJnr94wkq0-00484-00110750-00110896 known as the great game and was a
+1kJnr94wkq0-00485-00110897-00111066 subversive attempt at establishing
+1kJnr94wkq0-00486-00111067-00111216 Afghanistan as a buffer zone between
+1kJnr94wkq0-00487-00111217-00111523 British India and the Sodom of Russia by
+1kJnr94wkq0-00488-00111524-00111690 seeking to Accord certain terrain
+1kJnr94wkq0-00489-00111691-00111874 international legitimacy based upon
+1kJnr94wkq0-00490-00111875-00112048 British failures to assert control over
+1kJnr94wkq0-00491-00112049-00112251 the fiercely independent Pashtun Xand
+1kJnr94wkq0-00492-00112252-00112444 tribes in the region the establishment
+1kJnr94wkq0-00493-00112445-00112588 of a border that would separate British
+1kJnr94wkq0-00494-00112589-00112771 interests from tribal interests was
+1kJnr94wkq0-00495-00112772-00112953 extremely important to British foreign
+1kJnr94wkq0-00496-00112954-00113214 policy the British demarcation
+1kJnr94wkq0-00497-00113215-00113401 established as a result by the Durand
+1kJnr94wkq0-00498-00113402-00113596 Line was a deliberate strategy designed
+1kJnr94wkq0-00499-00113597-00113773 to divide the Pashtun territory along
+1kJnr94wkq0-00500-00113774-00113947 the border region of Afghanistan and
+1kJnr94wkq0-00501-00113948-00114199 Pakistan the overall effect of the
+1kJnr94wkq0-00502-00114200-00114378 division was to alienate the Pashtun
+1kJnr94wkq0-00503-00114379-00114544 tribes from their neighbors as part of
+1kJnr94wkq0-00504-00114545-00114726 the British divide and rule strategy
+1kJnr94wkq0-00505-00114727-00114994 this strategy had the ultimate effect of
+1kJnr94wkq0-00506-00114995-00115198 fostering anti-colonialist sentiment in
+1kJnr94wkq0-00507-00115199-00115383 the tribal regions and passions as a
+1kJnr94wkq0-00508-00115384-00115539 result had a deep desire for
+1kJnr94wkq0-00509-00115540-00115696 independence and freedom from British
+1kJnr94wkq0-00510-00115697-00115935 rule pasterns in Pakistan make up the
+1kJnr94wkq0-00511-00115936-00116098 second largest ethnic group after
+1kJnr94wkq0-00512-00116099-00116323 Punjabis with about 16 percent of the
+1kJnr94wkq0-00513-00116324-00116529 population totalling over 30 million
+1kJnr94wkq0-00514-00116530-00116778 this figure only includes the native
+1kJnr94wkq0-00515-00116779-00116968 Pashto speaking inhabitants of Khyber
+1kJnr94wkq0-00516-00116969-00117175 Pakhtunkhwa in northern Balochistan and
+1kJnr94wkq0-00517-00117176-00117363 does not include the Pathan settled in
+1kJnr94wkq0-00518-00117364-00117585 Punjab and Sindh who make up significant
+1kJnr94wkq0-00519-00117586-00117777 numbers alongside the native communities
+1kJnr94wkq0-00520-00117778-00118065 of these two provinces in addition there
+1kJnr94wkq0-00521-00118066-00118318 are 1.7 million Afghan refugees of whom
+1kJnr94wkq0-00522-00118319-00118606 majority of passions these refugees
+1kJnr94wkq0-00523-00118607-00118791 however are expected to leave Pakistan
+1kJnr94wkq0-00524-00118792-00119026 and settle in Afghanistan in the coming
+1kJnr94wkq0-00525-00119027-00119320 years three Pakistani presidents belong
+1kJnr94wkq0-00526-00119321-00119545 to the Pashtun ethnic group Pashtuns
+1kJnr94wkq0-00527-00119546-00119727 continued to occupy some important
+1kJnr94wkq0-00528-00119728-00119920 places in the military and politics with
+1kJnr94wkq0-00529-00119921-00120135 the major political party Awami national
+1kJnr94wkq0-00530-00120136-00120441 party led by us fan Garhwali in addition
+1kJnr94wkq0-00531-00120442-00120541 to this some
+1kJnr94wkq0-00532-00120542-00120772 in media music and cultural activities
+1kJnr94wkq0-00533-00120773-00120991 are based out of Pakistan with AVT
+1kJnr94wkq0-00534-00120992-00121225 Khyber being the only Pashtu TV channel
+1kJnr94wkq0-00535-00121226-00121525 in Pakistan hash to cinema is based out
+1kJnr94wkq0-00536-00121526-00121761 of the Pakistani city of Peshawar the
+1kJnr94wkq0-00537-00121763-00121990 Pakistani city of Karachi is believed to
+1kJnr94wkq0-00538-00121991-00122152 host the largest concentration of
+1kJnr94wkq0-00539-00122153-00122416 Pashtun x' there are more than 12
+1kJnr94wkq0-00540-00122417-00122583 million passions in Afghanistan
+1kJnr94wkq0-00541-00122584-00122932 constituting 42% of the population other
+1kJnr94wkq0-00542-00122933-00123154 sources say that up to 60% of
+1kJnr94wkq0-00543-00123155-00123352 Afghanistan's population is made up of
+1kJnr94wkq0-00544-00123353-00123544 ethnic Pashtuns forming the largest
+1kJnr94wkq0-00545-00123545-00123826 ethnic group in that country posh - is
+1kJnr94wkq0-00546-00123827-00123958 the first official language of
+1kJnr94wkq0-00547-00123958-00124174 Afghanistan the Afghan national anthem
+1kJnr94wkq0-00548-00124175-00124372 is recited in Pashto language and the
+1kJnr94wkq0-00549-00124373-00124543 Pashtun dress is the national dress of
+1kJnr94wkq0-00550-00124544-00124816 Afghanistan since the late 19th century
+1kJnr94wkq0-00551-00124817-00125061 the traditional Pashtun isten region has
+1kJnr94wkq0-00552-00125063-00125259 gradually expanded to the ammu River in
+1kJnr94wkq0-00553-00125260-00125336 the north
+1kJnr94wkq0-00554-00125338-00125566 majority of the key government positions
+1kJnr94wkq0-00555-00125567-00125776 in Afghanistan have always been held by
+1kJnr94wkq0-00556-00125777-00125845 Pashtuns
+1kJnr94wkq0-00557-00125846-00126100 in addition many of the non Pashtun
+1kJnr94wkq0-00558-00126101-00126292 groups in Afghanistan have adopted the
+1kJnr94wkq0-00559-00126293-00126475 Pashtun culture and used Pashtu as a
+1kJnr94wkq0-00560-00126476-00126769 second language for example nearly all
+1kJnr94wkq0-00561-00126770-00126967 leaders of non Pashtun ethnic groups in
+1kJnr94wkq0-00562-00126968-00127177 afghanistan practiced Pashtunwali to
+1kJnr94wkq0-00563-00127178-00127345 some degree in a fluent in Pashto
+1kJnr94wkq0-00564-00127346-00127615 language this includes non Pashtun
+1kJnr94wkq0-00565-00127616-00127785 leaders such as armoured shah massoud
+1kJnr94wkq0-00566-00127786-00127996 armoured xia Massoud Ishmael Khan
+1kJnr94wkq0-00567-00127997-00128230 Muhammad Fahim bismillah Khan Mohammed
+1kJnr94wkq0-00568-00128231-00128455 II Atta Muhammad nor Abdul Ali Mazari
+1kJnr94wkq0-00569-00128456-00128731 Kareem khalili husn belugas Anwar
+1kJnr94wkq0-00570-00128732-00128956 Muhammad Yunus nowand ich abdul kareem
+1kJnr94wkq0-00571-00128957-00129166 bra hui jamala Dean Bader as well as
+1kJnr94wkq0-00572-00129167-00129340 most other ministers governors and
+1kJnr94wkq0-00573-00129341-00129667 officials Afghanistan makes its claim on
+1kJnr94wkq0-00574-00129668-00129838 the Pashtun areas on the ground that it
+1kJnr94wkq0-00575-00129839-00130000 served as the Pashtun seat of power
+1kJnr94wkq0-00576-00130001-00130264 since 1709 with the rise of the Hatake
+1kJnr94wkq0-00577-00130265-00130461 dynasty followed by the establishment of
+1kJnr94wkq0-00578-00130463-00130614 the Durrani Afghan Empire
+1kJnr94wkq0-00579-00130615-00130873 according to historic sources Afghan
+1kJnr94wkq0-00580-00130874-00131086 tribes did not appear in Peshawar Valley
+1kJnr94wkq0-00581-00131087-00131302 until after 800 AD when the Islamic
+1kJnr94wkq0-00582-00131303-00131494 conquest of this area took place
+1kJnr94wkq0-00583-00131495-00131680 agreements cited by the Afghan
+1kJnr94wkq0-00584-00131681-00131848 government is proof of the claim over
+1kJnr94wkq0-00585-00131849-00132070 the Pashtun tribes include article 11 of
+1kJnr94wkq0-00586-00132071-00132349 the anglo-afghan treaty of 1921 which
+1kJnr94wkq0-00587-00132350-00132634 states the two contracting parties being
+1kJnr94wkq0-00588-00132635-00132844 mutually satisfied themselves each
+1kJnr94wkq0-00589-00132845-00133033 regarding the goodwill of the other and
+1kJnr94wkq0-00590-00133034-00133222 especially regarding the benevolent
+1kJnr94wkq0-00591-00133223-00133453 intentions towards the tribes residing
+1kJnr94wkq0-00592-00133454-00133633 close to their respective boundaries
+1kJnr94wkq0-00593-00133634-00133864 hereby undertake to inform each other of
+1kJnr94wkq0-00594-00133865-00133921 any feud
+1kJnr94wkq0-00595-00133922-00134107 to military operations which may appear
+1kJnr94wkq0-00596-00134108-00134320 necessary for the maintenance of order
+1kJnr94wkq0-00597-00134321-00134524 among the frontier tribes residing
+1kJnr94wkq0-00598-00134525-00134710 within their respective spheres before
+1kJnr94wkq0-00599-00134711-00135002 the commencement of such operations a
+1kJnr94wkq0-00600-00135003-00135199 supplementary letter to the anglo-afghan
+1kJnr94wkq0-00601-00135200-00135564 treaty of 1921 reads as the conditions
+1kJnr94wkq0-00602-00135565-00135739 of the frontier tribes of the two
+1kJnr94wkq0-00603-00135740-00135891 governments are of interest to the
+1kJnr94wkq0-00604-00135892-00136191 government of Afghanistan I inform you
+1kJnr94wkq0-00605-00136192-00136372 that the British government entertains
+1kJnr94wkq0-00606-00136373-00136561 feelings of goodwill towards all the
+1kJnr94wkq0-00607-00136562-00136747 frontier tribes and has every intention
+1kJnr94wkq0-00608-00136748-00137011 of treating him generously provided they
+1kJnr94wkq0-00609-00137012-00137190 abstained from outrages against the
+1kJnr94wkq0-00610-00137191-00137551 people of India the Durand Line and
+1kJnr94wkq0-00611-00137552-00137715 Pashtun astern issues have been raised
+1kJnr94wkq0-00612-00137716-00137943 by different Afghan regimes in the past
+1kJnr94wkq0-00613-00137944-00138225 however it may no longer be a concern
+1kJnr94wkq0-00614-00138226-00138469 Pashtuns are now so well integrated in
+1kJnr94wkq0-00615-00138470-00138688 Pakistani society that the majority will
+1kJnr94wkq0-00616-00138689-00138840 never opt for Pashtun isten or
+1kJnr94wkq0-00617-00138841-00139156 Afghanistan Afghan Pashtun refugees have
+1kJnr94wkq0-00618-00139157-00139345 been staying in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa for
+1kJnr94wkq0-00619-00139346-00139621 more than 30 years threat perceptions
+1kJnr94wkq0-00620-00139622-00139864 about Afghanistan need reevaluation so
+1kJnr94wkq0-00621-00139865-00140028 that suitable changes are made in our
+1kJnr94wkq0-00622-00140029-00140613 Afghan policy
+1kJnr94wkq0-00623-00140614-00141149 topic khyber-pakhtunkhwa
+1kJnr94wkq0-00624-00141150-00141388 prominent twentieth-century proponents
+1kJnr94wkq0-00625-00141389-00141536 of the Pashtun esteem cause have
+1kJnr94wkq0-00626-00141537-00141761 included Khan Abdul Ali Khan and Karn
+1kJnr94wkq0-00627-00141762-00141879 Abdul Ghaffar Khan
+1kJnr94wkq0-00628-00141880-00142124 gaffur Khan stated in the Pakistan
+1kJnr94wkq0-00629-00142125-00142378 Constituent Assembly in 1948 that he
+1kJnr94wkq0-00630-00142379-00142588 simply wanted the renaming of his
+1kJnr94wkq0-00631-00142589-00142864 provinces Patchi Aniston like Sindh
+1kJnr94wkq0-00632-00142865-00143183 Punjab etc another name mentioned is
+1kJnr94wkq0-00633-00143184-00143483 Afghani aware the initial a in Chaudhary
+1kJnr94wkq0-00634-00143484-00143689 Ramat Ali Khan's theory stated in their
+1kJnr94wkq0-00635-00143690-00143798 Now or Never
+1kJnr94wkq0-00636-00143799-00144034 pamphlet stands for the second letter in
+1kJnr94wkq0-00637-00144035-00144388 Pakistan however this name has failed to
+1kJnr94wkq0-00638-00144389-00144541 capture political support in the
+1kJnr94wkq0-00639-00144542-00144860 province there was support however to
+1kJnr94wkq0-00640-00144861-00145111 rename Northwest Frontier Province n WF
+1kJnr94wkq0-00641-00145112-00145334 p as Pakhtunkhwa which translates as
+1kJnr94wkq0-00642-00145335-00145501 area of Pashtun x'
+1kJnr94wkq0-00643-00145502-00145820 now seem well econ the wife of carnauba
+1kJnr94wkq0-00644-00145821-00146021 wali Khan declared in an interview I
+1kJnr94wkq0-00645-00146022-00146282 want an identity I want the name to
+1kJnr94wkq0-00646-00146283-00146498 change so that patents may be identified
+1kJnr94wkq0-00647-00146499-00146779 on the map of Pakistan
+1kJnr94wkq0-00648-00146780-00147136 on the 31st of March 2010 Pakistan's
+1kJnr94wkq0-00649-00147137-00147340 constitutional reform committee agreed
+1kJnr94wkq0-00650-00147341-00147484 that the province be named to Khyber
+1kJnr94wkq0-00651-00147485-00147742 Pakhtunkhwa this is now the official
+1kJnr94wkq0-00652-00147743-00148436 name for the former nwf P
+1kJnr94wkq0-00653-00148437-00148923 topic gallery
+1kJnr94wkq0-00654-00148924-00149562 images of the Pashtun isten region
+1kJnr94wkq0-00655-00149563-00150086 topic see also
+1kJnr94wkq0-00656-00150087-00150539 Pashtun nationalism by a new resolution
+1kJnr94wkq0-00657-00150540-00150842 wah me National Party Pashtun Camilla
+1kJnr94wkq0-00658-00150843-00151177 Awami party Afghan millet
+1kJnr94wkq0-00659-00151178-00151696 Durand Line bachik on MERS Ali Khan
+1kJnr94wkq0-00660-00151697-00152030 Kabyle astern
+1mV2srEZeAk-00000-00000794-00001073 live from Los Angeles
+1mV2srEZeAk-00001-00001074-00001384 it's the queues covering open-source
+1mV2srEZeAk-00002-00001385-00001712 summit North America 2017 brought to you
+1mV2srEZeAk-00003-00001713-00002339 by the Linux Foundation and redhead ok
+1mV2srEZeAk-00004-00002340-00002498 welcome back everyone live here in Los
+1mV2srEZeAk-00005-00002499-00002656 Angeles it's two cubes exclusive
+1mV2srEZeAk-00006-00002657-00002827 coverage of the open-source summit North
+1mV2srEZeAk-00007-00002828-00002974 America I'm John for your host with my
+1mV2srEZeAk-00008-00002975-00003127 co-host stood min a minute with wiki
+1mV2srEZeAk-00009-00003128-00003274 bond our next guest is Ross Turk
+1mV2srEZeAk-00010-00003275-00003556 director of evangelism at Red Hat mm-hmm
+1mV2srEZeAk-00011-00003557-00003710 well the cube good to see you again good
+1mV2srEZeAk-00012-00003711-00004090 to see so evangelizing is now gonna be
+1mV2srEZeAk-00013-00004092-00004343 super more important as open source
+1mV2srEZeAk-00014-00004344-00004640 summit formerly called the Linux con
+1mV2srEZeAk-00015-00004641-00004994 Linux kernel well so Linux is really now
+1mV2srEZeAk-00016-00004995-00005186 the foundation mm-hmm so now all these
+1mV2srEZeAk-00017-00005187-00005426 new projects are emerging hence the new
+1mV2srEZeAk-00018-00005427-00005675 name open source summit you guys are in
+1mV2srEZeAk-00019-00005676-00005813 the middle of it mm-hm
+1mV2srEZeAk-00020-00005814-00005942 what's the themes that you guys are
+1mV2srEZeAk-00021-00005943-00006044 pumping out there right now from an
+1mV2srEZeAk-00022-00006045-00006137 evangelist standpoint
+1mV2srEZeAk-00023-00006138-00006347 give me the order of operations in terms
+1mV2srEZeAk-00024-00006348-00006523 of priorities well gosh we're trying to
+1mV2srEZeAk-00025-00006525-00006763 tell stories about how people operate
+1mV2srEZeAk-00026-00006764-00006931 infrastructure in today's modern world
+1mV2srEZeAk-00027-00006933-00007184 right which is a lot about making sure
+1mV2srEZeAk-00028-00007184-00007403 that you know dealing with ephemeral
+1mV2srEZeAk-00029-00007404-00007502 infrastructure dealing with
+1mV2srEZeAk-00030-00007503-00007691 containerized applications and that sort
+1mV2srEZeAk-00031-00007692-00007853 of thing it gives a lot more flexibility
+1mV2srEZeAk-00032-00007854-00007925 to people who are doing modern
+1mV2srEZeAk-00033-00007926-00008126 operations it's about applications that
+1mV2srEZeAk-00034-00008127-00008339 spill over across multiple machines and
+1mV2srEZeAk-00035-00008340-00008444 doing so one way that doesn't require a
+1mV2srEZeAk-00036-00008445-00008645 lot of heavy lifting or wiring things up
+1mV2srEZeAk-00037-00008646-00008813 by hand so there's this whole modern
+1mV2srEZeAk-00038-00008814-00008960 operations experience thing we talk
+1mV2srEZeAk-00039-00008961-00009128 about but we also talk about a modern
+1mV2srEZeAk-00040-00009129-00009257 developer experience what does it mean
+1mV2srEZeAk-00041-00009258-00009485 to build applications today and of
+1mV2srEZeAk-00042-00009486-00009646 course you combine those together it
+1mV2srEZeAk-00043-00009647-00009806 turns into DevOps right but a lot of
+1mV2srEZeAk-00044-00009807-00009899 companies still work in these two
+1mV2srEZeAk-00045-00009900-00010049 separate worlds but people are building
+1mV2srEZeAk-00046-00010050-00010199 the technology differently than they
+1mV2srEZeAk-00047-00010200-00010298 ever did in the past and they're
+1mV2srEZeAk-00048-00010299-00010388 deploying it differently than they did
+1mV2srEZeAk-00049-00010389-00010499 in the past so there's lots of stories
+1mV2srEZeAk-00050-00010500-00010639 that can come out of that let's start
+1mV2srEZeAk-00051-00010640-00010775 with the story that we loves to and our
+1mV2srEZeAk-00052-00010776-00010901 talk about serverless the beginning
+1mV2srEZeAk-00053-00010902-00011042 because you have the DevOps movement
+1mV2srEZeAk-00054-00011043-00011207 certainly is going mainstream you're
+1mV2srEZeAk-00055-00011208-00011408 seeing a lot of enterprises looking at
+1mV2srEZeAk-00056-00011409-00011560 that as viable now there
+1mV2srEZeAk-00057-00011561-00011810 operationalizing it and they need to
+1mV2srEZeAk-00058-00011811-00012032 have that industrial strength Red Hat
+1mV2srEZeAk-00059-00012033-00012332 Linux but now kubernetes and server
+1mV2srEZeAk-00060-00012333-00012496 lists the younger developers they just
+1mV2srEZeAk-00061-00012497-00012698 want to infrastructure as code that
+1mV2srEZeAk-00062-00012699-00012902 seems to be a very hot story here and
+1mV2srEZeAk-00063-00012903-00013114 kubernetes serverless is kind of in the
+1mV2srEZeAk-00064-00013115-00013328 hallway conversations how do you guys
+1mV2srEZeAk-00065-00013329-00013541 bring that to bear well I think that
+1mV2srEZeAk-00066-00013541-00013655 what's what read
+1mV2srEZeAk-00067-00013656-00013826 that does is we give an operating
+1mV2srEZeAk-00068-00013827-00013949 environment to consider underneath all
+1mV2srEZeAk-00069-00013950-00014108 of it with rel and everything else we
+1mV2srEZeAk-00070-00014109-00014279 build it is stable and secure and
+1mV2srEZeAk-00071-00014280-00014530 reliable and you need that in order to
+1mV2srEZeAk-00072-00014531-00014788 have all of this chaos happening above
+1mV2srEZeAk-00073-00014790-00014972 it with with developers deploying micro
+1mV2srEZeAk-00074-00014972-00015125 services and moving things around and
+1mV2srEZeAk-00075-00015126-00015319 you know demands changing and all these
+1mV2srEZeAk-00076-00015320-00015463 other things you need to have something
+1mV2srEZeAk-00077-00015465-00015608 really stable and reliable underneath
+1mV2srEZeAk-00078-00015609-00015847 that something that you know can be you
+1mV2srEZeAk-00079-00015848-00016043 know if the applications and virtual
+1mV2srEZeAk-00080-00016044-00016136 machines and containers aren't
+1mV2srEZeAk-00081-00016137-00016277 long-running what sits underneath them
+1mV2srEZeAk-00082-00016278-00016475 is long-running and it still needs to be
+1mV2srEZeAk-00083-00016476-00016669 stable and reliable so a lot of the work
+1mV2srEZeAk-00084-00016670-00016825 we've been doing for the past 20 years
+1mV2srEZeAk-00085-00016826-00017055 around Linux engineering I think
+1mV2srEZeAk-00086-00017056-00017300 contributes to making this stable
+1mV2srEZeAk-00087-00017301-00017444 environment for a modern developer yeah
+1mV2srEZeAk-00088-00017445-00017597 we're also one of the challenges in
+1mV2srEZeAk-00089-00017598-00017762 scaling is usually you know I kind of
+1mV2srEZeAk-00090-00017763-00017909 worry about things like storage you know
+1mV2srEZeAk-00091-00017910-00018172 you know state is is there you know data
+1mV2srEZeAk-00092-00018173-00018335 gravity is something we need to concern
+1mV2srEZeAk-00093-00018336-00018467 about you know it's great to say
+1mV2srEZeAk-00094-00018468-00018625 ephemeral and I want everything anywhere
+1mV2srEZeAk-00095-00018626-00018782 and you know I can put it in this cloud
+1mV2srEZeAk-00096-00018783-00018944 or use it in that application but at the
+1mV2srEZeAk-00097-00018945-00019150 end of the day it's tough to you know
+1mV2srEZeAk-00098-00019151-00019375 build some of these pieces house Red Hat
+1mV2srEZeAk-00099-00019376-00019483 helping there is you know
+1mV2srEZeAk-00100-00019484-00019708 containerization and scale how does that
+1mV2srEZeAk-00101-00019709-00019862 fit into this kind of the storages yes
+1mV2srEZeAk-00102-00019863-00020039 it's a real struggle right because you
+1mV2srEZeAk-00103-00020040-00020165 can talk to people and they say oh you
+1mV2srEZeAk-00104-00020166-00020284 know every single one of our micro
+1mV2srEZeAk-00105-00020285-00020447 services is failover and they scale out
+1mV2srEZeAk-00106-00020448-00020578 in one and always and they talk about
+1mV2srEZeAk-00107-00020579-00020753 this really elaborate infrastructure
+1mV2srEZeAk-00108-00020754-00020858 like well where's all your data being
+1mV2srEZeAk-00109-00020859-00021059 stored well it's sitting in Oracle you
+1mV2srEZeAk-00110-00021060-00021266 know so you find us sort of like this
+1mV2srEZeAk-00111-00021267-00021440 this dissonance between how data is
+1mV2srEZeAk-00112-00021441-00021608 managed and how how applications are
+1mV2srEZeAk-00113-00021609-00021839 managed at Red Hat we believe that
+1mV2srEZeAk-00114-00021840-00022009 storage should be another micro service
+1mV2srEZeAk-00115-00022010-00022184 alongside all the other micro services
+1mV2srEZeAk-00116-00022185-00022367 make up an application so that's why we
+1mV2srEZeAk-00117-00022368-00022493 put a lot of engineering effort into
+1mV2srEZeAk-00118-00022494-00022664 making things like Ceph and Red Hat
+1mV2srEZeAk-00119-00022665-00022949 Gluster Storage work well alongside open
+1mV2srEZeAk-00120-00022950-00023117 shifts so that a developer can provision
+1mV2srEZeAk-00121-00023118-00023380 storage as needed without having to go
+1mV2srEZeAk-00122-00023381-00023530 to an office person and that when that
+1mV2srEZeAk-00123-00023531-00023731 storage gets provisions it's just it's
+1mV2srEZeAk-00124-00023732-00023966 in containers alongside other containers
+1mV2srEZeAk-00125-00023967-00024077 that are providing the other things that
+1mV2srEZeAk-00126-00024078-00024284 your application needs software-defined
+1mV2srEZeAk-00127-00024285-00024440 storage was the answer it's the Holy
+1mV2srEZeAk-00128-00024441-00024622 Grail we've heard software-defined
+1mV2srEZeAk-00129-00024623-00024824 datacenter we would cover enough so that
+1mV2srEZeAk-00130-00024825-00025187 VMware I heard a lot about that but that
+1mV2srEZeAk-00131-00025188-00025415 still is a key part of its software and
+1mV2srEZeAk-00132-00025416-00025730 now you have hardware stacks mm-hmm so
+1mV2srEZeAk-00133-00025731-00025909 IOT and cloud are opening up these new
+1mV2srEZeAk-00134-00025910-00026131 use cases for enterprises where what we
+1mV2srEZeAk-00135-00026132-00026233 actually kind of didn't test that
+1mV2srEZeAk-00136-00026235-00026515 hardware with that software so it's kind
+1mV2srEZeAk-00137-00026516-00026681 of interesting dynamic software-defined
+1mV2srEZeAk-00138-00026682-00026918 is still super important what's your
+1mV2srEZeAk-00139-00026919-00027023 view on somebody
+1mV2srEZeAk-00140-00027024-00027224 storage in particular is that an answer
+1mV2srEZeAk-00141-00027225-00027404 is it stable what's your thoughts well I
+1mV2srEZeAk-00142-00027405-00027539 think it's an answer but it depends on
+1mV2srEZeAk-00143-00027539-00027958 what the question is what is my story
+1mV2srEZeAk-00144-00027959-00028133 let's start with that one well so what
+1mV2srEZeAk-00145-00028133-00028252 is Software Defined story so I forgot my
+1mV2srEZeAk-00146-00028253-00028612 storage is okay so I'll say it in more
+1mV2srEZeAk-00147-00028613-00028733 like what it isn't the traditional
+1mV2srEZeAk-00148-00028733-00029014 storage traditional storage solutions
+1mV2srEZeAk-00149-00029016-00029204 get deployed as appliances which are
+1mV2srEZeAk-00150-00029205-00029371 vertically integrated hardware and
+1mV2srEZeAk-00151-00029372-00029518 software solutions that are built to do
+1mV2srEZeAk-00152-00029519-00029660 one thing and to do that one thing well
+1mV2srEZeAk-00153-00029661-00029876 and that one thing is store data they're
+1mV2srEZeAk-00154-00029877-00030062 kind of like big refrigerator sized
+1mV2srEZeAk-00155-00030063-00030268 things that you bring into your data
+1mV2srEZeAk-00156-00030269-00030392 center or the forklift and it's a big
+1mV2srEZeAk-00157-00030393-00030539 operation and then they provide storage
+1mV2srEZeAk-00158-00030539-00030733 for any number of applications
+1mV2srEZeAk-00159-00030734-00030946 what software-defined storage does is it
+1mV2srEZeAk-00160-00030947-00031130 implements those same services and those
+1mV2srEZeAk-00161-00031131-00031249 same capabilities but it does it
+1mV2srEZeAk-00162-00031250-00031454 entirely in software so instead of being
+1mV2srEZeAk-00163-00031455-00031555 this vertically integrated software
+1mV2srEZeAk-00164-00031556-00031712 hardware solution you end up with
+1mV2srEZeAk-00165-00031713-00031880 software that lets you build it on any
+1mV2srEZeAk-00166-00031881-00032039 hardware and that hardware can be
+1mV2srEZeAk-00167-00032039-00032162 physical hardware so you can build a
+1mV2srEZeAk-00168-00032163-00032371 storage cluster made up of a thousand
+1mV2srEZeAk-00169-00032372-00032567 bare metal servers or you could build
+1mV2srEZeAk-00170-00032568-00032752 that same cluster on a thousand VMs
+1mV2srEZeAk-00171-00032753-00033018 inside of a public cloud so in in making
+1mV2srEZeAk-00172-00033019-00033308 storage no longer a hardware problem
+1mV2srEZeAk-00173-00033309-00033439 like it used to be I mean fundamentally
+1mV2srEZeAk-00174-00033440-00033620 it's a hardware problem you get down fit
+1mV2srEZeAk-00175-00033621-00033802 to store it somewhere but the management
+1mV2srEZeAk-00176-00033803-00033940 of storage is no longer a hardware
+1mV2srEZeAk-00177-00033941-00034082 concerned it's a software concern now
+1mV2srEZeAk-00178-00034083-00034189 and that means it's a little bit more
+1mV2srEZeAk-00179-00034190-00034343 flexible you can containerize it you can
+1mV2srEZeAk-00180-00034344-00034477 deploy it in the public cloud you can
+1mV2srEZeAk-00181-00034478-00034612 deployed in VMs you can deploy it on
+1mV2srEZeAk-00182-00034613-00034799 bare metal so if that's what's offered
+1mV2srEZeAk-00183-00034800-00034931 if my storage is doing is its it's
+1mV2srEZeAk-00184-00034932-00035231 changing things around but it's um it
+1mV2srEZeAk-00185-00035232-00035357 requires different skills oh come on
+1mV2srEZeAk-00186-00035358-00035539 Ross I want a storage list environment
+1mV2srEZeAk-00187-00035540-00035695 can we get on that storage this
+1mV2srEZeAk-00188-00035696-00035939 environment sure I guess
+1mV2srEZeAk-00189-00035940-00036104 the research just becomes somebody
+1mV2srEZeAk-00190-00036105-00036362 else's problem at that point absolutely
+1mV2srEZeAk-00191-00036363-00036557 how about house containers changing that
+1mV2srEZeAk-00192-00036558-00036833 that whole discussion you know it did we
+1mV2srEZeAk-00193-00036834-00037015 it took us like a decade to kind of get
+1mV2srEZeAk-00194-00037016-00037165 storage working in a virtualized
+1mV2srEZeAk-00195-00037166-00037480 environment but networking seems to be
+1mV2srEZeAk-00196-00037481-00037661 really tackling you know the container
+1mV2srEZeAk-00197-00037662-00037840 piece storage seems a little further
+1mV2srEZeAk-00198-00037841-00038030 behind you know what are you seeing some
+1mV2srEZeAk-00199-00038031-00038183 of the big challenges there and how are
+1mV2srEZeAk-00200-00038184-00038320 we looking to solve that I think there's
+1mV2srEZeAk-00201-00038321-00038489 when you look at containers and storage
+1mV2srEZeAk-00202-00038490-00038824 there are really two two things to
+1mV2srEZeAk-00203-00038825-00039011 consider the first is how do you make
+1mV2srEZeAk-00204-00039012-00039236 storage such that a containerized
+1mV2srEZeAk-00205-00039237-00039389 environment can consume it easily right
+1mV2srEZeAk-00206-00039390-00039542 this is what it Red Hat we call
+1mV2srEZeAk-00207-00039543-00039629 container ready
+1mV2srEZeAk-00208-00039630-00039799 so we well a storage solution container
+1mV2srEZeAk-00209-00039800-00039980 ready what it means that your container
+1mV2srEZeAk-00210-00039981-00040240 platform knows how to consume it most
+1mV2srEZeAk-00211-00040241-00040385 storage is container ready
+1mV2srEZeAk-00212-00040386-00040537 all it takes is a kubernetes volume
+1mV2srEZeAk-00213-00040538-00040711 driver to be container ready and that's
+1mV2srEZeAk-00214-00040712-00040855 one half of it and that's really really
+1mV2srEZeAk-00215-00040856-00041071 important it's the same kind of thing we
+1mV2srEZeAk-00216-00041072-00041210 had to do with virtualization making
+1mV2srEZeAk-00217-00041211-00041348 sure every hypervisor could talk to
+1mV2srEZeAk-00218-00041349-00041486 every storage system now we're making
+1mV2srEZeAk-00219-00041487-00041630 sure every container platform can talk
+1mV2srEZeAk-00220-00041631-00041798 to every storage system that's important
+1mV2srEZeAk-00221-00041799-00041971 but it's only half the puzzle because
+1mV2srEZeAk-00222-00041972-00042170 the other half is now that you have
+1mV2srEZeAk-00223-00042171-00042455 storage as a software thing a
+1mV2srEZeAk-00224-00042456-00042608 distributed software thing you can
+1mV2srEZeAk-00225-00042609-00042779 actually deploy that storage inside the
+1mV2srEZeAk-00226-00042780-00043001 same containers that you're using that
+1mV2srEZeAk-00227-00043002-00043226 are driving a demand for that storage so
+1mV2srEZeAk-00228-00043227-00043387 it's just kind of weird you know snake
+1mV2srEZeAk-00229-00043388-00043636 eating its own tail thing where you as a
+1mV2srEZeAk-00230-00043637-00043817 developer let's say I'm deploying an
+1mV2srEZeAk-00231-00043818-00043958 application I need a database I need a
+1mV2srEZeAk-00232-00043959-00044077 web server and a bowl and a bunch of
+1mV2srEZeAk-00233-00044078-00044218 other things and I need a scale out
+1mV2srEZeAk-00234-00044219-00044296 storage system
+1mV2srEZeAk-00235-00044297-00044551 I can deploy that in containers just
+1mV2srEZeAk-00236-00044552-00044792 alongside everything else and it uses
+1mV2srEZeAk-00237-00044793-00044933 the local storage of each of the
+1mV2srEZeAk-00238-00044934-00045092 container hosts to build that shared
+1mV2srEZeAk-00239-00045093-00045324 storage that then is used to provide
+1mV2srEZeAk-00240-00045325-00045511 services to other containerized
+1mV2srEZeAk-00241-00045512-00045676 applications so it says it's it's the
+1mV2srEZeAk-00242-00045677-00046036 ability to have storage in containers
+1mV2srEZeAk-00243-00046037-00046195 yeah which is really strange we call
+1mV2srEZeAk-00244-00046196-00046339 that container native storage it's
+1mV2srEZeAk-00245-00046340-00046492 interesting the markets going pretty
+1mV2srEZeAk-00246-00046493-00046852 crazy so if you kind of take the DevOps
+1mV2srEZeAk-00247-00046853-00046990 and say assume for a minute
+1mV2srEZeAk-00248-00046991-00047210 infrastructure is programmable but then
+1mV2srEZeAk-00249-00047211-00047348 you look at the developer action right
+1mV2srEZeAk-00250-00047349-00047632 now on the on the app side you've seen
+1mV2srEZeAk-00251-00047633-00047776 all kinds of new stuff Apple has their
+1mV2srEZeAk-00252-00047777-00047948 announcement today with the new iPhone 8
+1mV2srEZeAk-00253-00047949-00048092 we've been covering that on Silicon
+1mV2srEZeAk-00254-00048093-00048323 angle comm Forbes has got great stories
+1mV2srEZeAk-00255-00048324-00048715 as well new AR kit so augmented reality
+1mV2srEZeAk-00256-00048716-00048989 is a huge deal virtual reality still
+1mV2srEZeAk-00257-00048990-00049177 hyped up it's still promised those are
+1mV2srEZeAk-00258-00049178-00049330 gonna require new chips that's gonna
+1mV2srEZeAk-00259-00049331-00049582 require consumer behavior change so the
+1mV2srEZeAk-00260-00049583-00049760 developers are staring at a different
+1mV2srEZeAk-00261-00049761-00049987 market than worrying about provisioning
+1mV2srEZeAk-00262-00049988-00050201 storage right so but these are now new
+1mV2srEZeAk-00263-00050202-00050521 pressures new hardware new opportunities
+1mV2srEZeAk-00264-00050522-00050864 as a as a developer advocate and
+1mV2srEZeAk-00265-00050865-00051086 evangelist and an industry participant
+1mV2srEZeAk-00266-00051087-00051481 and user how do you look at that and how
+1mV2srEZeAk-00267-00051482-00051652 are how's that impact in the developer
+1mV2srEZeAk-00268-00051653-00051826 market because androids got good stuff
+1mV2srEZeAk-00269-00051827-00052026 coming down to not just Apple Samsung
+1mV2srEZeAk-00270-00052027-00052369 yeah it's all multimedia what's obvious
+1mV2srEZeAk-00271-00052370-00052586 what station about AR kit is that if you
+1mV2srEZeAk-00272-00052587-00052775 go just back five years that same
+1mV2srEZeAk-00273-00052776-00052942 capability required a very very
+1mV2srEZeAk-00274-00052944-00053129 particular type of phone you know like
+1mV2srEZeAk-00275-00053129-00053300 the project tango stuff required all
+1mV2srEZeAk-00276-00053301-00053471 these deft cameras and like Connect
+1mV2srEZeAk-00277-00053472-00053626 style stuff to do the air kit and an
+1mV2srEZeAk-00278-00053627-00053776 Apple was able to solve a lot
+1mV2srEZeAk-00279-00053777-00053996 that in software just using to two
+1mV2srEZeAk-00280-00053997-00054181 cameras right and and in software and I
+1mV2srEZeAk-00281-00054182-00054442 think that's that's really on a phone on
+1mV2srEZeAk-00282-00054443-00054673 a phone on a phone no less and I think
+1mV2srEZeAk-00283-00054674-00054809 that's what's what's amazing about that
+1mV2srEZeAk-00284-00054810-00055042 is all of the all the capabilities that
+1mV2srEZeAk-00285-00055043-00055192 you we walk around with in our pocket
+1mV2srEZeAk-00286-00055193-00055462 now we're really hard to get a long time
+1mV2srEZeAk-00287-00055463-00055640 ago this is interesting your point that
+1mV2srEZeAk-00288-00055641-00055813 stay in this because this just really
+1mV2srEZeAk-00289-00055814-00055951 illustrates the point a our kid for
+1mV2srEZeAk-00290-00055952-00056179 example is proving that the iPhone now
+1mV2srEZeAk-00291-00056180-00056411 is smart enough and with software enough
+1mV2srEZeAk-00292-00056412-00056650 horsepower to do that kind of thing but
+1mV2srEZeAk-00293-00056651-00056836 that's replicable hold cross all devices
+1mV2srEZeAk-00294-00056837-00057071 now as an IOT device the Internet of
+1mV2srEZeAk-00295-00057072-00057316 Things is gonna be a freight train
+1mV2srEZeAk-00296-00057317-00057673 coming down the tracks security endpoint
+1mV2srEZeAk-00297-00057674-00057931 security whether it's I mean all kinds
+1mV2srEZeAk-00298-00057932-00058351 of private coolness but yet threats are
+1mV2srEZeAk-00299-00058352-00058555 there so software has to do all this
+1mV2srEZeAk-00300-00058556-00058762 right so how's that going to impact the
+1mV2srEZeAk-00301-00058763-00059078 cloud game your business you guys you
+1mV2srEZeAk-00302-00059079-00059222 have to move faster on hardening things
+1mV2srEZeAk-00303-00059223-00059466 be more organic on the innovation side
+1mV2srEZeAk-00304-00059467-00059719 not business-wise but technical strategy
+1mV2srEZeAk-00305-00059720-00059893 well I think a lot of it is enabling
+1mV2srEZeAk-00306-00059894-00060140 developers to work more quickly and
+1mV2srEZeAk-00307-00060141-00060278 build features more quickly also
+1mV2srEZeAk-00308-00060279-00060544 educating developers on the security and
+1mV2srEZeAk-00309-00060545-00060691 privacy ramifications of the things that
+1mV2srEZeAk-00310-00060692-00060896 they build because it's it's it's really
+1mV2srEZeAk-00311-00060897-00061156 easy to just go out in front and in
+1mV2srEZeAk-00312-00061157-00061310 advance and innovate and forget about
+1mV2srEZeAk-00313-00061311-00061519 all that stuff so it's about changing
+1mV2srEZeAk-00314-00061520-00061663 developer culture so that you consider
+1mV2srEZeAk-00315-00061664-00061855 security and privacy first as opposed to
+1mV2srEZeAk-00316-00061856-00062024 later and also maybe you want to
+1mV2srEZeAk-00317-00062025-00062141 consider storage as well if you're
+1mV2srEZeAk-00318-00062141-00062311 talking about the machine learning or
+1mV2srEZeAk-00319-00062312-00062486 IOT and all of these these types of
+1mV2srEZeAk-00320-00062487-00062684 things you gather video this is video
+1mV2srEZeAk-00321-00062685-00062984 software rendering yeah that's a storage
+1mV2srEZeAk-00322-00062985-00063088 nightmare you've all got to live
+1mV2srEZeAk-00323-00063089-00063280 somewhere and once you put it in that
+1mV2srEZeAk-00324-00063281-00063461 place where it lives it's really hard to
+1mV2srEZeAk-00325-00063462-00063623 move it so this is a thing you want to
+1mV2srEZeAk-00326-00063624-00063791 plan from the very beginning and I think
+1mV2srEZeAk-00327-00063791-00063941 that's what's cool about AI to M
+1mV2srEZeAk-00328-00063941-00064204 self-driving cars it's a consumer you
+1mV2srEZeAk-00329-00064205-00064559 know flashy coolness that can say hey
+1mV2srEZeAk-00330-00064560-00064754 this is happening yeah I mean how fast
+1mV2srEZeAk-00331-00064754-00064936 is have anybody the developers now bring
+1mV2srEZeAk-00332-00064937-00065096 into the business nough saying okay we
+1mV2srEZeAk-00333-00065097-00065338 don't have an AR virtual reality G for
+1mV2srEZeAk-00334-00065339-00065563 our retail for instance you potentially
+1mV2srEZeAk-00335-00065564-00065696 could be out of business so these are
+1mV2srEZeAk-00336-00065697-00065804 the kind of thoughts that are going in
+1mV2srEZeAk-00337-00065805-00066043 the c-level that now are going into what
+1mV2srEZeAk-00338-00066044-00066311 used to be IT but all of IT how do you
+1mV2srEZeAk-00339-00066312-00066448 handle this this is an architectural
+1mV2srEZeAk-00340-00066449-00066635 question so your thoughts on that
+1mV2srEZeAk-00341-00066636-00066769 because that seems to be a conversation
+1mV2srEZeAk-00342-00066770-00067010 we see a lot architectural that's gonna
+1mV2srEZeAk-00343-00067011-00067085 solve
+1mV2srEZeAk-00344-00067086-00067322 problems today not foreclosed future
+1mV2srEZeAk-00345-00067323-00067430 opportunities
+1mV2srEZeAk-00346-00067431-00067592 well it's cultural - inside of a company
+1mV2srEZeAk-00347-00067593-00067784 like everywhere instead of a company
+1mV2srEZeAk-00348-00067785-00068009 there used to be internet teams and
+1mV2srEZeAk-00349-00068010-00068207 companies remember used to be like oh go
+1mV2srEZeAk-00350-00068208-00068336 talk to the Internet team because
+1mV2srEZeAk-00351-00068337-00068465 something's wrong with the web or
+1mV2srEZeAk-00352-00068466-00068651 whatever now there's no internet team
+1mV2srEZeAk-00353-00068652-00068831 everybody's the internet team every
+1mV2srEZeAk-00354-00068832-00068957 single team in an organization is
+1mV2srEZeAk-00355-00068958-00069092 thinking about how to leverage the
+1mV2srEZeAk-00356-00069093-00069221 Internet to make their job more
+1mV2srEZeAk-00357-00069222-00069425 effective the same is going to be true
+1mV2srEZeAk-00358-00069426-00069533 for everything that we're talking about
+1mV2srEZeAk-00359-00069534-00069773 you know it's security interestingly
+1mV2srEZeAk-00360-00069774-00070124 enough so many people always thought
+1mV2srEZeAk-00361-00070125-00070280 security was somebody else's problem but
+1mV2srEZeAk-00362-00070281-00070394 just this week we were reminded that
+1mV2srEZeAk-00363-00070395-00070544 it's everybody's problem hundreds of
+1mV2srEZeAk-00364-00070545-00070760 millions of people's problem security so
+1mV2srEZeAk-00365-00070761-00070934 I think that as as these things kind of
+1mV2srEZeAk-00366-00070935-00071102 advanced security first and privacy
+1mV2srEZeAk-00367-00071103-00071273 first is critical it is absolutely
+1mV2srEZeAk-00368-00071274-00071420 critical and there used to be I mean I
+1mV2srEZeAk-00369-00071421-00071528 think at some point maybe there won't be
+1mV2srEZeAk-00370-00071529-00071651 a security team inside of a company
+1mV2srEZeAk-00371-00071652-00071786 because everybody's gonna view the
+1mV2srEZeAk-00372-00071787-00071939 security team it's like everybody's the
+1mV2srEZeAk-00373-00071940-00072107 internet team now and I always felt the
+1mV2srEZeAk-00374-00072108-00072251 same way about open-source communities I
+1mV2srEZeAk-00375-00072252-00072347 thought there would never there are
+1mV2srEZeAk-00376-00072348-00072464 always everybody people that roll in
+1mV2srEZeAk-00377-00072465-00072572 their own security now you have these
+1mV2srEZeAk-00378-00072573-00072773 leased life Locker or whatever they call
+1mV2srEZeAk-00379-00072774-00072911 in these services for password
+1mV2srEZeAk-00380-00072912-00073091 protection because you can't trust even
+1mV2srEZeAk-00381-00073092-00073277 all these databases that are out there
+1mV2srEZeAk-00382-00073278-00073472 yeah blockchain with immutability yeah
+1mV2srEZeAk-00383-00073473-00073619 certainly the wallets are not yet but I
+1mV2srEZeAk-00384-00073620-00073838 mean certainly this is where it might be
+1mV2srEZeAk-00385-00073839-00074036 a future scenario I mean yeah and I
+1mV2srEZeAk-00386-00074037-00074141 think I think for all these things
+1mV2srEZeAk-00387-00074142-00074399 agility is going to be key the ability
+1mV2srEZeAk-00388-00074400-00074744 to go down a path a certain distance and
+1mV2srEZeAk-00389-00074745-00074918 realize what I've run into a private
+1mV2srEZeAk-00390-00074919-00075086 privacy problem back up a little bit
+1mV2srEZeAk-00391-00075087-00075254 continue down another path I think that
+1mV2srEZeAk-00392-00075255-00075461 the faster we can make the development
+1mV2srEZeAk-00393-00075462-00075734 process I think the the less risky we
+1mV2srEZeAk-00394-00075735-00075899 make going into all these new frontiers
+1mV2srEZeAk-00395-00075900-00076151 yeah Ross one of the things we've really
+1mV2srEZeAk-00396-00076152-00076298 liked watching the last kind of five
+1mV2srEZeAk-00397-00076299-00076553 years or so is storage turning into a
+1mV2srEZeAk-00398-00076554-00076703 discussion of data and how can we
+1mV2srEZeAk-00399-00076704-00076892 leverage that data real time data you
+1mV2srEZeAk-00400-00076893-00077141 know decisions at the edge you know the
+1mV2srEZeAk-00401-00077142-00077366 analytics what's exciting you the most
+1mV2srEZeAk-00402-00077367-00077489 about the kind of the storage world
+1mV2srEZeAk-00403-00077490-00077903 these days oh boy well you know I just
+1mV2srEZeAk-00404-00077904-00078065 spent about five years in the storage
+1mV2srEZeAk-00405-00078066-00078239 infrastructure world so a lot of a lot
+1mV2srEZeAk-00406-00078240-00078437 of what kind of kept me going day and
+1mV2srEZeAk-00407-00078438-00078638 night was saving people money making
+1mV2srEZeAk-00408-00078639-00078785 things faster making things easier but
+1mV2srEZeAk-00409-00078786-00079181 also giving giving storage platforms
+1mV2srEZeAk-00410-00079182-00079322 that were elastic enough to handle all
+1mV2srEZeAk-00411-00079323-00079433 of this really interesting stuff that
+1mV2srEZeAk-00412-00079434-00079619 happens on top of them so there's all
+1mV2srEZeAk-00413-00079620-00079886 kinds of new big data stacks that I find
+1mV2srEZeAk-00414-00079887-00080012 particularly interesting a lot of the
+1mV2srEZeAk-00415-00080013-00080107 real-time analysis
+1mV2srEZeAk-00416-00080108-00080311 like Apache spark and things like that
+1mV2srEZeAk-00417-00080312-00080536 there's so much going into visualization
+1mV2srEZeAk-00418-00080537-00080755 right now as well how you handle large
+1mV2srEZeAk-00419-00080756-00080921 amounts of time series data and that
+1mV2srEZeAk-00420-00080922-00081217 sort of thing it's been a lot of there's
+1mV2srEZeAk-00421-00081218-00081341 been a lot of advancements in exactly
+1mV2srEZeAk-00422-00081342-00081635 that personally I'm really excited
+1mV2srEZeAk-00423-00081636-00081826 lately and all the data this stuff all
+1mV2srEZeAk-00424-00081827-00082111 the ways you can you can extract meaning
+1mV2srEZeAk-00425-00082112-00082342 from all this data you know the ways
+1mV2srEZeAk-00426-00082343-00082474 that you can you can make it make it to
+1mV2srEZeAk-00427-00082475-00082681 give it a business context that it
+1mV2srEZeAk-00428-00082682-00082835 allows you to make better decisions with
+1mV2srEZeAk-00429-00082836-00083005 it not a lot of data conversations here
+1mV2srEZeAk-00430-00083006-00083090 at this conference I was just
+1mV2srEZeAk-00431-00083091-00083291 open-source software but I mean data I
+1mV2srEZeAk-00432-00083292-00083459 mean I've said I wrote a blog post in
+1mV2srEZeAk-00433-00083460-00083662 2008 I was Dave always she even want
+1mV2srEZeAk-00434-00083663-00083747 they always jokes um because I always
+1mV2srEZeAk-00435-00083748-00083921 reference it but I said date is a new
+1mV2srEZeAk-00436-00083922-00084163 development kit meaning data is gonna be
+1mV2srEZeAk-00437-00084164-00084341 part of the software development model
+1mV2srEZeAk-00438-00084342-00084517 and it actually is with big data but
+1mV2srEZeAk-00439-00084518-00084623 you're not hearing a lot of it here
+1mV2srEZeAk-00440-00084624-00084754 because most people talking about their
+1mV2srEZeAk-00441-00084755-00084976 communities their projects but the role
+1mV2srEZeAk-00442-00084977-00085211 of data is fundamental mm-hmm at the
+1mV2srEZeAk-00443-00085212-00085421 edge absolutely and so how is that going
+1mV2srEZeAk-00444-00085422-00085567 to change some of these conversations
+1mV2srEZeAk-00445-00085568-00085912 and if ken data be developed on and his
+1mV2srEZeAk-00446-00085913-00086080 data now part of the software
+1mV2srEZeAk-00447-00086081-00086392 development lifecycle that's coming to
+1mV2srEZeAk-00448-00086393-00086666 fruition in the new way interesting i I
+1mV2srEZeAk-00449-00086667-00086776 think that that's an interesting
+1mV2srEZeAk-00450-00086777-00087047 observation that as we see sort of like
+1mV2srEZeAk-00451-00087048-00087211 Devon ops coming together right the
+1mV2srEZeAk-00452-00087212-00087329 world of the operator in the world of
+1mV2srEZeAk-00453-00087330-00087497 the developer coming together I think
+1mV2srEZeAk-00454-00087498-00087616 well probably at some point see the
+1mV2srEZeAk-00455-00087617-00087716 world of the developer come together
+1mV2srEZeAk-00456-00087717-00087832 with the world of the data scientist
+1mV2srEZeAk-00457-00087833-00088075 because as I kind of rack my brain I'm
+1mV2srEZeAk-00458-00088076-00088336 thinking what what type of future
+1mV2srEZeAk-00459-00088337-00088511 developer wouldn't have to be dealing
+1mV2srEZeAk-00460-00088512-00088657 with large amounts of data wouldn't have
+1mV2srEZeAk-00461-00088658-00088871 to have that kind of that kind of skill
+1mV2srEZeAk-00462-00088872-00088985 to be able to deal with it so I think I
+1mV2srEZeAk-00463-00088986-00089226 think we're gonna start to see more
+1mV2srEZeAk-00464-00089227-00089449 software developers getting more
+1mV2srEZeAk-00465-00089450-00089650 involved in in Big Data machine learning
+1mV2srEZeAk-00466-00089651-00089824 data analytics and things like that well
+1mV2srEZeAk-00467-00089825-00089984 either way this open source growth
+1mV2srEZeAk-00468-00089985-00090146 growth is coming is gonna be exponential
+1mV2srEZeAk-00469-00090147-00090355 data is already there I mean we had a
+1mV2srEZeAk-00470-00090356-00090497 joke in our office you know software's
+1mV2srEZeAk-00471-00090498-00090613 eating the world does Marc Andreessen
+1mV2srEZeAk-00472-00090614-00090799 would say years ago but data is eating
+1mV2srEZeAk-00473-00090800-00091024 software so in terms of interns how you
+1mV2srEZeAk-00474-00091025-00091186 look at it who someone's eating somebody
+1mV2srEZeAk-00475-00091187-00091591 but this becomes interesting for the IOT
+1mV2srEZeAk-00476-00091592-00091987 developer or the industrial developer
+1mV2srEZeAk-00477-00091988-00092216 those we're never connected to IT in the
+1mV2srEZeAk-00478-00092217-00092411 past was like they ran their own stuff
+1mV2srEZeAk-00479-00092412-00092650 yeah and their own terminals and there's
+1mV2srEZeAk-00480-00092651-00092810 this there's this idea that everybody's
+1mV2srEZeAk-00481-00092811-00093025 heard that data has gravity right and I
+1mV2srEZeAk-00482-00093026-00093124 actually was talking to somebody about
+1mV2srEZeAk-00483-00093125-00093331 this may say well actually the data has
+1mV2srEZeAk-00484-00093332-00093437 inertia
+1mV2srEZeAk-00485-00093438-00093647 that's not really it cuz once it's
+1mV2srEZeAk-00486-00093648-00093833 moving it doesn't you can't it's that's
+1mV2srEZeAk-00487-00093834-00093974 not hard to stop it but the idea that
+1mV2srEZeAk-00488-00093975-00094235 data has gravity means that it's let's
+1mV2srEZeAk-00489-00094236-00094388 say I'm putting together this new IOT
+1mV2srEZeAk-00490-00094389-00094511 application or whatever I'm gathering
+1mV2srEZeAk-00491-00094512-00094637 data from a bunch of you know sensors or
+1mV2srEZeAk-00492-00094638-00094817 whatever and I've got the data in that
+1mV2srEZeAk-00493-00094818-00095084 place now having all that data in that
+1mV2srEZeAk-00494-00095085-00095297 place is more meaningful to me than most
+1mV2srEZeAk-00495-00095298-00095453 of the software that I wrote do you know
+1mV2srEZeAk-00496-00095454-00095645 it's like that is the value the kernel
+1mV2srEZeAk-00497-00095646-00095858 that the data is there and data having
+1mV2srEZeAk-00498-00095859-00096020 gravity means that it's hard to move
+1mV2srEZeAk-00499-00096021-00096143 once it's in a certain place but it also
+1mV2srEZeAk-00500-00096144-00096332 means that it attracts workloads to it
+1mV2srEZeAk-00501-00096333-00096611 right so it used to be that software was
+1mV2srEZeAk-00502-00096612-00096782 king and software created data and
+1mV2srEZeAk-00503-00096783-00096989 manage data and now data is king and it
+1mV2srEZeAk-00504-00096990-00097169 brings software to it I think I told her
+1mV2srEZeAk-00505-00097170-00097298 you know I think they might even call
+1mV2srEZeAk-00506-00097299-00097511 this the open data summit soon well it's
+1mV2srEZeAk-00507-00097512-00097712 beyond open source now this is gonna be
+1mV2srEZeAk-00508-00097713-00097823 great and they work hand in hand
+1mV2srEZeAk-00509-00097824-00097979 software and data are gonna be great
+1mV2srEZeAk-00510-00097980-00098165 yeah us too what's your thoughts on the
+1mV2srEZeAk-00511-00098166-00098348 role that data is not being talked much
+1mV2srEZeAk-00512-00098349-00098573 here yeah Johnny Amazon reinvent last
+1mV2srEZeAk-00513-00098574-00098789 year when we talked to Andy Jesse it was
+1mV2srEZeAk-00514-00098790-00099017 the customers were the flywheel and I
+1mV2srEZeAk-00515-00099018-00099131 think data is gonna be that next
+1mV2srEZeAk-00516-00099132-00099293 flywheel we're really feeding into that
+1mV2srEZeAk-00517-00099294-00099473 date of gravity decision that you were
+1mV2srEZeAk-00518-00099474-00099629 having Ross you know we talked when
+1mV2srEZeAk-00519-00099630-00099761 Hadoop came out it was like oh we're
+1mV2srEZeAk-00520-00099762-00099941 gonna bring the code to the data well we
+1mV2srEZeAk-00521-00099942-00100139 know if I'm gonna have more data I'm
+1mV2srEZeAk-00522-00100140-00100274 gonna have my data sources I'm gonna
+1mV2srEZeAk-00523-00100275-00100409 have third-party data sources that I
+1mV2srEZeAk-00524-00100410-00100547 want to be able to work and interact
+1mV2srEZeAk-00525-00100548-00100787 with those so you know data absolutely
+1mV2srEZeAk-00526-00100788-00100994 huge opportunities there and the
+1mV2srEZeAk-00527-00100995-00101162 companies that can leverage that and get
+1mV2srEZeAk-00528-00101163-00101366 more value out of it it's going to be we
+1mV2srEZeAk-00529-00101367-00101513 already see is that additive advantage
+1mV2srEZeAk-00530-00101514-00101759 you no doubt but it's the privacy issues
+1mV2srEZeAk-00531-00101760-00101906 so the big debate that we know and our
+1mV2srEZeAk-00532-00101907-00102065 intermediate businesses look at Facebook
+1mV2srEZeAk-00533-00102066-00102233 I get a free app I get to you see all my
+1mV2srEZeAk-00534-00102234-00102433 friends photos their vacations
+1mV2srEZeAk-00535-00102434-00102551 everyone's live in a great life on
+1mV2srEZeAk-00536-00102552-00102827 Facebook but then all sudden I give my
+1mV2srEZeAk-00537-00102828-00103016 data away for free for that privilege to
+1mV2srEZeAk-00538-00103017-00103172 use that app but all sudden they start
+1mV2srEZeAk-00539-00103173-00103376 injecting fake news at me I didn't I
+1mV2srEZeAk-00540-00103377-00103490 didn't I don't want that anymore and
+1mV2srEZeAk-00541-00103491-00103633 you're still making money on my data so
+1mV2srEZeAk-00542-00103634-00103820 that's interesting Facebook makes money
+1mV2srEZeAk-00543-00103821-00104083 off my data yeah that's that's my
+1mV2srEZeAk-00544-00104084-00104327 contract with them yeah if you ask what
+1mV2srEZeAk-00545-00104328-00104471 their asset is one person might think
+1mV2srEZeAk-00546-00104472-00104720 it's traffic you know or eyeballs but I
+1mV2srEZeAk-00547-00104721-00104903 think it's data so they use Indian I
+1mV2srEZeAk-00548-00104904-00105038 might not like it so that might be an
+1mV2srEZeAk-00549-00105039-00105170 opportunity for somebody else to your
+1mV2srEZeAk-00550-00105171-00105371 points to do so if you start thinking
+1mV2srEZeAk-00551-00105372-00105569 about it differently data decisions are
+1mV2srEZeAk-00552-00105570-00105746 going to be an architectural challenge
+1mV2srEZeAk-00553-00105747-00105910 yeah absolutely I think Enterprise
+1mV2srEZeAk-00554-00105911-00106088 architects are thinking even today
+1mV2srEZeAk-00555-00106089-00106196 you're seeing Enterprise architects
+1mV2srEZeAk-00556-00106197-00106336 thinking more and more and more about
+1mV2srEZeAk-00557-00106338-00106420 data and
+1mV2srEZeAk-00558-00106421-00106573 have in the past Ross what do you think
+1mV2srEZeAk-00559-00106574-00106728 about the show final final were in the
+1mV2srEZeAk-00560-00106729-00106876 segment what's going on open source
+1mV2srEZeAk-00561-00106877-00106981 Amish here at the folks that are
+1mV2srEZeAk-00562-00106982-00107226 watching vibe here it's now a new name
+1mV2srEZeAk-00563-00107227-00107500 but still the same game multiple events
+1mV2srEZeAk-00564-00107501-00107632 come together yeah most of us together I
+1mV2srEZeAk-00565-00107633-00107778 like open source somebody's a name I
+1mV2srEZeAk-00566-00107779-00107916 think it's a good name it's it's a it's
+1mV2srEZeAk-00567-00107917-00108157 properly named for what's going on here
+1mV2srEZeAk-00568-00108158-00108360 it's been interesting experience for me
+1mV2srEZeAk-00569-00108361-00108469 because I've been in this community for
+1mV2srEZeAk-00570-00108470-00108627 a really long time so I come here and I
+1mV2srEZeAk-00571-00108628-00108838 run into all kinds of old friends the
+1mV2srEZeAk-00572-00108839-00109096 hallway tracks always a good track for
+1mV2srEZeAk-00573-00109097-00109273 me the content is fantastic but the
+1mV2srEZeAk-00574-00109274-00109399 hallway track is always really good and
+1mV2srEZeAk-00575-00109400-00109633 I just I can't think of anywhere else
+1mV2srEZeAk-00576-00109633-00109827 where you can go and get this selection
+1mV2srEZeAk-00577-00109828-00110050 of people right you have people who are
+1mV2srEZeAk-00578-00110051-00110272 working on all layers of the problem and
+1mV2srEZeAk-00579-00110273-00110431 they can all come together and talk so
+1mV2srEZeAk-00580-00110432-00110638 it's really across fertilization
+1mV2srEZeAk-00581-00110639-00110788 cross-pollinate whatever you want where
+1mV2srEZeAk-00582-00110789-00110958 you want to use I find I think this
+1mV2srEZeAk-00583-00110959-00111124 event is going to be in the thirty
+1mV2srEZeAk-00584-00111125-00111346 thousand pretty quickly I mean this is
+1mV2srEZeAk-00585-00111347-00111463 going to be well if you look at the
+1mV2srEZeAk-00586-00111464-00111759 growth in the numbers you know presented
+1mV2srEZeAk-00587-00111760-00111796 on stage
+1mV2srEZeAk-00588-00111797-00112029 Jim Zemin was pointing out the growth my
+1mV2srEZeAk-00589-00112030-00112377 20 26 400 million libraries and people
+1mV2srEZeAk-00590-00112378-00112563 still think that's underestimated yeah
+1mV2srEZeAk-00591-00112564-00112795 so yeah that's a lot of growth I think I
+1mV2srEZeAk-00592-00112796-00112933 think it could get there well and I
+1mV2srEZeAk-00593-00112933-00113163 think that III think these folks
+1mV2srEZeAk-00594-00113164-00113352 organize great shows so I look forward
+1mV2srEZeAk-00595-00113353-00113551 to seeing them scale up to 30,000 Rob's
+1mV2srEZeAk-00596-00113552-00113695 thanks for your commentary appreciate
+1mV2srEZeAk-00597-00113696-00113841 perspective and insight here in the
+1mV2srEZeAk-00598-00113842-00114019 queue thanks for joining us it's a cube
+1mV2srEZeAk-00599-00114020-00114226 live coverage from open source some in
+1mV2srEZeAk-00600-00114227-00114346 North America I'm John Force too many
+1mV2srEZeAk-00601-00114347-00114526 men back with more after this short
+1mV2srEZeAk-00602-00114527-00115358 break
+1mV2srEZeAk-00603-00115358-00115688 [Music]
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00000-00000032-00000271 my mom has not bought that one which
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00001-00000272-00000455 i don't know if i'm happy or sad about
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00002-00000456-00000551 but
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00003-00000552-00000886 i'm hoping someone does
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00004-00000888-00001366 she's familiar with your bowl i think
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00005-00001367-00001743 welcome to obsessed show a podcast that
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00006-00001744-00002039 is designed to inspire featuring some of
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00007-00002039-00002279 the most creative people in the world
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00008-00002280-00002415 i'm your host
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00009-00002416-00002591 josh miles
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00010-00002592-00002871 let's talk about today's episode
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00011-00002872-00003206 today on obsessed show i am once again
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00012-00003207-00003479 chatting with joseph zala if you are an
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00013-00003479-00003799 og listener of obsessed show you may
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00014-00003800-00004006 remember several episodes or maybe
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00015-00004007-00004199 you're an og listener of the grits and
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00016-00004200-00004399 grids podcast and maybe you've heard me
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00017-00004400-00004663 on there anyhow joseph is a long time
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00018-00004664-00004831 friend of mine and we recently
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00019-00004832-00005038 reconnected to learn a little bit about
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00020-00005039-00005279 his upcoming book and so we've got him
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00021-00005280-00005559 back on the show today so
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00022-00005560-00005767 as we dig in a little bit joseph is the
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00023-00005768-00006022 managing director of vigor a restaurant
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00024-00006023-00006111 and
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00025-00006112-00006351 a food branding and marketing agency
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00026-00006352-00006550 he's the founder and curator of grits
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00027-00006551-00006655 and grids
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00028-00006656-00007006 and host of the fork tales podcast and
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00029-00007008-00007246 as i mentioned a minute ago he's the
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00030-00007247-00007495 author of a brand new book called the
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00031-00007495-00007831 bullhearted brand so without further ado
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00032-00007831-00008319 please join me in welcoming joseph zala
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00033-00008320-00008519 okay kids all the way from atlanta
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00034-00008520-00008814 georgia we've got joseph zella joseph
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00035-00008815-00009078 welcome back to obsessed show
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00036-00009079-00009239 good to be back it's good to talk to you
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00037-00009240-00009478 again yeah you're looking well my friend
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00038-00009479-00009678 thank you thank you um i have a face for
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00039-00009679-00010063 radio as they all say
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00040-00010064-00010223 very nice well
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00041-00010224-00010455 last we left you you were doing a few
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00042-00010456-00010735 things differently um and you have just
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00043-00010736-00011046 really really leaned into the food
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00044-00011047-00011327 and restaurant marketing and branding uh
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00045-00011328-00011583 on all venues uh you know early on there
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00046-00011584-00011887 was the the grits and grids podcast uh
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00047-00011888-00012055 and now grits and grids has evolved a
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00048-00012056-00012174 little bit tell us a little bit about
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00049-00012175-00012351 how that has changed
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00050-00012352-00012551 yeah yeah so um we had the grits and
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00051-00012552-00012879 grits podcast it was fantastic uh to to
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00052-00012880-00013030 be able to speak to so many wonderful
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00053-00013031-00013279 creatives um at that time you you were
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00054-00013280-00013630 in your previous life uh as an agency
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00055-00013631-00013799 a little bit myself too that's right
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00056-00013800-00014055 just a little bit right um and it was
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00057-00014056-00014199 awesome because we got to get some good
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00058-00014200-00014422 perspectives from uh how different folks
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00059-00014423-00014758 approach creativity design uh challenges
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00060-00014759-00015030 um and you know whether it was speaking
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00061-00015031-00015222 i'm gonna name drop so hard whether it
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00062-00015223-00015350 was speaking with like debbie debbie
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00063-00015351-00015663 millman or uh paula sharer or michael
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00064-00015663-00015935 baroot uh or speaking just with up and
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00065-00015936-00016199 coming folks who are looking to be
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00066-00016200-00016383 better designers it was just wonderful
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00067-00016384-00016615 to connect but quite honestly it didn't
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00068-00016616-00016807 really um
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00069-00016808-00017055 do much for my my personal brand or or
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00070-00017056-00017327 the vigor brand or even grits and grids
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00071-00017328-00017567 uh in a way that i think was important
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00072-00017568-00017822 and if i'm being even more brutally
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00073-00017823-00017927 honest
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00074-00017928-00018143 there are plenty of podcasts out there
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00075-00018144-00018327 that were just doing a better job
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00076-00018328-00018583 um you know i had fun and i think i hope
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00077-00018584-00018735 my guest did too
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00078-00018736-00018871 but you know there's a lot of other
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00079-00018872-00019079 design podcasts that i think we're just
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00080-00019080-00019247 covering it better and a little bit more
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00081-00019248-00019430 reliable and so
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00082-00019431-00019711 we chose to to put it on hiatus and then
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00083-00019712-00019847 it turned into
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00084-00019848-00020175 permanent hiatus
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00085-00020176-00020391 but what i still wanted to do is
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00086-00020392-00020671 still bring knowledge and insight
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00087-00020672-00020871 to the world and to what audience we
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00088-00020872-00020967 have
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00089-00020968-00021255 um it just changed you know what what
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00090-00021256-00021399 insight i wanted to bring and what i
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00091-00021400-00021543 realized is i really want to speak to
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00092-00021544-00021799 restaurant owners so creatives can
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00093-00021800-00021958 actually hear from them
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00094-00021959-00022222 uh and learn what keeps them up at night
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00095-00022223-00022486 um but also because that's who we really
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00096-00022487-00022639 want to be speaking with that's who we
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00097-00022640-00022847 want to dialogue with
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00098-00022848-00023055 so we talk a lot of times on the show
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00099-00023056-00023303 about origin stories and if our
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00100-00023304-00023486 listeners really want to hear yours they
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00101-00023487-00023630 can go back and listen to previous
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00102-00023631-00023839 episodes so we won't dig into that again
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00103-00023840-00024167 but maybe as a refresh for everybody
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00104-00024168-00024455 how did you get into food and restaurant
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00105-00024456-00024614 branding you know what was it about that
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00106-00024615-00024775 i've heard lots of people say oh man i
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00107-00024776-00024950 really want to get into that but i don't
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00108-00024951-00025191 know where to start like how did how did
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00109-00025192-00025550 you find your way in that space yeah so
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00110-00025551-00025846 it it it wasn't uh totally haphazard you
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00111-00025847-00026006 know as with everything there there is a
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00112-00026007-00026134 bit of kismet there is a bit of a
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00113-00026135-00026383 alignment of stars um that always
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00114-00026383-00026558 happens but for me
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00115-00026560-00026895 my belief has always been that as humans
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00116-00026895-00027190 our most wonderful memories
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00117-00027191-00027446 are usually accentuated with food and
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00118-00027447-00027679 beverage somewhere in or around and that
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00119-00027680-00027862 could be something as simple as hanging
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00120-00027863-00028055 out in the kitchen at a party because
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00121-00028056-00028207 for whatever reason kitchens become the
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00122-00028208-00028431 epicenter of a party
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00123-00028432-00028646 or something a little more grandiose
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00124-00028647-00028895 where it's a a date with someone that
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00125-00028895-00028999 you're
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00126-00029000-00029158 that you've been with for a while and
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00127-00029160-00029327 you're in a place where you're going to
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00128-00029327-00029431 propose
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00129-00029432-00029695 usually that happens in a restaurant and
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00130-00029695-00029879 when i thought about
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00131-00029880-00030055 the types of restaurants i've been in i
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00132-00030056-00030127 i
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00133-00030127-00030279 know that there are some remarkable ones
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00134-00030280-00030455 there's also some pretty terrible ones
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00135-00030456-00030631 and i got pretty mad about the terrible
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00136-00030632-00030807 ones and it's like why why does this
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00137-00030808-00030911 happen
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00138-00030912-00031270 um and so it started there so my passion
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00139-00031272-00031487 for restaurants really did fuel my
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00140-00031488-00031718 purpose in life which i really do think
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00141-00031719-00031927 is to help create remarkable
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00142-00031927-00032062 extraordinary experiences for
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00143-00032063-00032414 restaurants um so vigor started as a
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00144-00032416-00032718 general practitioner uh just as with all
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00145-00032719-00032887 of our studios i'm sure like i can
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00146-00032888-00033031 design anything for everyone because i'm
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00147-00033032-00033311 a superhuman um but quickly
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00148-00033312-00033455 you know we got an opportunity to work
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00149-00033456-00033631 with a restaurant and that
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00150-00033632-00033815 that little morsel that little amuse
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00151-00033816-00034087 boosh as it were was enough to really
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00152-00034088-00034255 let's focus it in
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00153-00034256-00034527 um and then when the economy hit uh when
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00154-00034528-00034767 it crashed in in 2008
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00155-00034768-00034902 it really was a
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00156-00034903-00035071 come to jesus so to speak where it's
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00157-00035072-00035159 like
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00158-00035160-00035295 things aren't well
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00159-00035296-00035495 you know things aren't good so if i'm
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00160-00035496-00035679 going to spend my time i want to spend
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00161-00035680-00035855 it on something that i find fulfilling
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00162-00035856-00035935 and
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00163-00035936-00036215 it went right back to that purpose
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00164-00036216-00036318 yeah so
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00165-00036319-00036662 uh the grits and grids podcast is on
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00166-00036663-00036902 permanent hiatus as it were
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00167-00036903-00037071 and now we have fork tales tell us a
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00168-00037072-00037246 little bit about what that show is and
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00169-00037247-00037390 how that's different
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00170-00037391-00037559 yeah yeah so fork tales so grits and
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00171-00037560-00037751 grids was focusing on
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00172-00037752-00037959 bringing creative leaders
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00173-00037960-00038183 to creatives from around the world to
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00174-00038184-00038335 give some sort of insight in the way
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00175-00038336-00038543 they think the way they got started what
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00176-00038544-00038823 makes them tick uh again fun it was a
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00177-00038824-00038974 lot of fun it was great to speak to some
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00178-00038975-00039135 of these folks
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00179-00039136-00039359 fork tales on the other hand speaks to
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00180-00039360-00039615 restaurant industry leaders whether that
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00181-00039616-00039887 is c level executives at restaurant
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00182-00039888-00040279 brands like duck donuts and some others
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00183-00040280-00040415 another broken egg i just spoke with
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00184-00040416-00040718 paul macaluso on there
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00185-00040719-00041007 or folks who are in the industry in some
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00186-00041008-00041127 way so
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00187-00041128-00041358 uh one of my first episodes was with
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00188-00041359-00041639 kelly vallade who's heads up black box
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00189-00041640-00041790 intelligence they're a group that has
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00190-00041791-00042030 just been pulling a ton of data
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00191-00042031-00042207 from the restaurant industry from point
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00192-00042208-00042335 of sale
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00193-00042336-00042558 consumer perspective stuff like that
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00194-00042559-00042718 um and this has been absolutely
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00195-00042719-00042862 wonderful because
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00196-00042863-00043062 rare is the case that we get access to
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00197-00043063-00043287 those individuals to really hear not
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00198-00043288-00043462 just how they got to where they are but
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00199-00043463-00043630 the things that are keeping them up at
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00200-00043631-00043807 night the things that are
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00201-00043808-00044095 in their focus right now and so fork
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00202-00044096-00044255 tales is
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00203-00044256-00044495 meant to tell those tales and bring
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00204-00044496-00044774 those voices to the forefront
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00205-00044775-00044999 for our clients which are mostly
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00206-00045000-00045151 restaurants
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00207-00045152-00045390 folks in our network that as a mix of
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00208-00045391-00045574 restaurants and creatives and the
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00209-00045575-00045718 creative community because there's a lot
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00210-00045719-00045895 to learn from these folks
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00211-00045896-00046158 i would imagine as much as maybe other
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00212-00046159-00046311 creatives and designers aren't
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00213-00046312-00046558 necessarily the main audience there that
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00214-00046559-00046718 other creatives and designers who are
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00215-00046719-00046943 interested in the restaurant world and
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00216-00046944-00047143 how the business of food and beverage
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00217-00047144-00047390 works would find a lot of value and kind
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00218-00047391-00047535 of being a fly on the wall for those
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00219-00047536-00047662 episodes as well
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00220-00047663-00047830 yeah they certainly should because you
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00221-00047831-00047958 know
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00222-00047959-00048167 we we we can get a little naval gaze as
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00223-00048168-00048527 creatives you know um we we can hop on
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00224-00048528-00048807 to arm and vits uh brand new and you
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00225-00048808-00049055 know tear apart logos with the rest of
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00226-00049056-00049158 them
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00227-00049159-00049311 but at the end of the day at the
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00228-00049312-00049439 beginning of the day and at the middle
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00229-00049440-00049646 of the day actually the entire day
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00230-00049647-00049871 what we're doing is is an applied art it
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00231-00049872-00050190 is a it is a a commercial purpose behind
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00232-00050191-00050415 it and that commercial purpose is
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00233-00050416-00050679 to make money for our clients and i
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00234-00050680-00051007 think that gets lost um as we stare into
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00235-00051008-00051254 the abyss of creativity well a lot of
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00236-00051255-00051638 times creativity can be um
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00237-00051639-00051879 i think used for
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00238-00051879-00052079 uh vanity purposes
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00239-00052079-00052287 no and and you know sometimes there's
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00240-00052288-00052607 beautiful work and that business fails
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00241-00052608-00052879 and when i was speaking to michael barut
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00242-00052879-00053166 um on the grits and grits podcast
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00243-00053167-00053415 he he definitely you know shirked maybe
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00244-00053416-00053575 that's a harsh word he definitely kind
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00245-00053576-00053759 of brushed off
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00246-00053760-00054071 that their work had anything to do with
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00247-00054072-00054342 the failure and i'm not saying that
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00248-00054344-00054542 because of their work if they one of
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00249-00054544-00054775 these uh this this uh it was called on
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00250-00054776-00055015 rye this restaurant on rye i'm not
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00251-00055016-00055182 saying that their work somehow led to
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00252-00055183-00055382 their failure but you better believe
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00253-00055383-00055575 that designers and creatives and
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00254-00055576-00055735 advertising agencies they sure as hell
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00255-00055736-00055966 will take the wins and say it's because
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00256-00055967-00056238 of them but you know what what what i
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00257-00056239-00056454 wanted to do is um
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00258-00056455-00056719 really tap into how do you apply
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00259-00056720-00056879 creativity
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00260-00056879-00057182 to that end goal of successes whatever
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00261-00057183-00057382 successes look like for that particular
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00262-00057383-00057647 brand and company
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00263-00057648-00057903 so this one time i was on a plane and i
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00264-00057904-00058207 was flying to see a client and i thought
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00265-00058208-00058519 what do i need to have more
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00266-00058520-00058735 you know authority when i walk in the
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00267-00058736-00058926 room what do i need what would what
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00268-00058927-00059054 would help me
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00269-00059055-00059263 make a better case for why they should
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00270-00059264-00059463 hire this little branding agency from
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00271-00059464-00059703 indianapolis a fedora the answer is a
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00272-00059704-00059975 fedora well that may have been a correct
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00273-00059976-00060126 answer although they don't make fedora
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00274-00060127-00060438 is big enough for this noggin
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00275-00060439-00060542 it would just look like a little
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00276-00060544-00060830 yarmulke with a brim
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00277-00060832-00061103 so what i decided at 40 000 feet was i
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00278-00061104-00061279 should write a book
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00279-00061279-00061535 and you know i went several years of
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00280-00061536-00061750 knowing that i needed to write this book
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00281-00061751-00061991 before i actually got around to it
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00282-00061991-00062206 and uh and you've now written several
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00283-00062207-00062454 books your new book is called the
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00284-00062455-00062679 bullhearted brand
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00285-00062679-00062982 what inspired this particular book for
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00286-00062983-00063294 you like why why write this book
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00287-00063295-00063454 yeah so um
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00288-00063455-00063703 full unadulterated commitment to the
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00289-00063704-00064023 vigor brand uh so the name vigor which
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00290-00064024-00064311 is our uh branding and marketing agency
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00291-00064312-00064591 uh stems from the bull as a spirit
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00292-00064591-00064726 animal and
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00293-00064727-00064950 um there are a lot of attributes of
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00294-00064951-00065142 bulls that people maybe not don't really
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00295-00065144-00065406 know about there's of course virility uh
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00296-00065407-00065567 and we think that's like reality of
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00297-00065568-00065871 thought and creativity there's also this
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00298-00065872-00066103 this impetus this almost juggernautness
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00299-00066104-00066263 of bulls
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00300-00066264-00066479 and then when i started digging into
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00301-00066480-00066775 the metaphors that um
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00302-00066776-00067031 cultures and across the world and across
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00303-00067032-00067199 time the metaphors that have been
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00304-00067200-00067399 associated with bulls it just became
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00305-00067400-00067559 this rich well
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00306-00067560-00067782 of lessons
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00307-00067783-00068015 and those lessons inherently lined up
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00308-00068016-00068255 with the way we think at figure
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00309-00068256-00068487 which inherently lines up with how we
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00310-00068488-00068735 approach branding and marketing
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00311-00068736-00068999 and i drink my own kool-aid uh as it
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00312-00069000-00069126 were so
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00313-00069127-00069382 those lessons then started to you know
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00314-00069383-00069599 form a path for what i thought was a
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00315-00069600-00069823 good basis for a book
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00316-00069824-00070143 and so to me a bullhearted brand
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00317-00070144-00070279 is one that doesn't back down from
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00318-00070280-00070406 challenges and i think that's the lower
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00319-00070407-00070623 hanging fruit um it starts with a
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00320-00070624-00070879 bullhearted leader a leader who is
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00321-00070880-00071103 not just willing but eager to grab the
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00322-00071104-00071311 bull by the horns
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00323-00071312-00071479 not just because they're the end-all
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00324-00071480-00071750 be-all epicenter of the brand but
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00325-00071751-00071943 because there's a lot of lessons from
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00326-00071944-00072335 the 95 and 96 chicago bulls and which is
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00327-00072336-00072550 all about people right people in the
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00328-00072551-00072799 right place right processes and leaders
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00329-00072800-00072919 on that team
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00330-00072920-00073159 and so everywhere i looked
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00331-00073160-00073447 bulls had something to do with amazing
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00332-00073448-00073815 deep profound insights and successes
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00333-00073816-00074087 so i use those stories to deliver a
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00334-00074088-00074271 lesson and then i expound upon that
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00335-00074272-00074550 lesson with my knowledge
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00336-00074551-00074687 how to build
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00337-00074688-00074926 uh brand strategies which then
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00338-00074927-00075079 inevitably lead to
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00339-00075080-00075294 how that brand presents itself to the
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00340-00075295-00075487 market which is where designers and
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00341-00075488-00075750 creatives come in
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00342-00075751-00075950 how you evolve that brand forward over
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00343-00075951-00076191 time uh to make sure it doesn't get
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00344-00076192-00076511 sticky or not sticky doesn't get a dusty
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00345-00076512-00076759 uh or old and then how do you propel it
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00346-00076760-00076919 forward how do you propel that brand to
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00347-00076920-00077150 the forefront to the top and so the sub
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00348-00077151-00077391 line of the book is uh building bullish
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00349-00077392-00077535 restaurant brands that charge ahead of
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00350-00077536-00077767 the herd and that's the whole goal it's
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00351-00077768-00078079 not to fit in it's to stand out and um
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00352-00078080-00078526 so in the 275 pages uh i i think i lay
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00353-00078527-00078735 that out and at the very least you get
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00354-00078736-00078950 those lessons from the bulls and then i
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00355-00078951-00079103 finally i mix in some first-hand
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00356-00079104-00079375 experiences so in real life is i think
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00357-00079376-00079591 the title of those sections but
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00358-00079592-00079926 the good the bad and the really ugly um
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00359-00079927-00080079 so folks who are reading the book can
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00360-00080080-00080215 learn
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00361-00080216-00080399 i love that you included michael
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00362-00080400-00080791 jordan's bowls as part of that uh
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00363-00080792-00080967 you know it crossed my mind yeah it was
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00364-00080968-00081143 so funny because um you know i have this
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00365-00081144-00081311 whole section of the book is on on
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00366-00081312-00081591 people so it's um what we call patrons
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00367-00081592-00081775 what a lot of people call target
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00368-00081776-00082047 audience target market um for anyone
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00369-00082048-00082191 that knows me they know what i'm about
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00370-00082192-00082479 to say but i i can't stand that word i
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00371-00082480-00082638 think it's the most violent way of
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00372-00082639-00082782 talking about people you're supposed to
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00373-00082783-00082911 be friends with
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00374-00082912-00083071 and you know that and what you're trying
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00375-00083072-00083326 to do in business is you're not trying
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00376-00083327-00083526 to target you're not trying to shoot
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00377-00083527-00083599 them
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00378-00083600-00083879 you're trying to foster belief you're
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00379-00083880-00084135 trying to foster trust and and you're
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00380-00084136-00084367 trying to essentially foster patronage
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00381-00084368-00084567 so we call them patrons
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00382-00084568-00084782 and those patrons exist inside your
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00383-00084783-00085103 organization in in the form of your team
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00384-00085104-00085350 and your people and they of course exist
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00385-00085351-00085550 outside the organization and i think
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00386-00085551-00085743 specifically in restaurants they're
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00387-00085744-00085935 they're we're seeing the results of it
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00388-00085936-00086118 right now with this um
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00389-00086119-00086238 this uh
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00390-00086239-00086559 uh crisis of labor
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00391-00086560-00086647 where
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00392-00086648-00086871 restaurant owners are under
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00393-00086872-00087047 attack by people who don't understand
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00394-00087048-00087231 the industry
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00395-00087232-00087399 and restaurant owners also have been
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00396-00087400-00087631 really poor at fostering good patronage
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00397-00087632-00087831 within their their four walls and
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00398-00087832-00087991 instead a lot of them just see those
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00399-00087992-00088271 people as a means to an end and
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00400-00088272-00088479 when you start to realize that you have
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00401-00088480-00088638 michael jordan's
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00402-00088639-00088823 on your team you got scottie pippens
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00403-00088824-00089071 let's not forget scotty you know you
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00404-00089072-00089303 have these components that will win you
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00405-00089304-00089559 championships every day and yeah you
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00406-00089560-00089726 want to get fans in the seats so you can
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00407-00089727-00089950 make the money but that doesn't happen
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00408-00089951-00090223 by walking all over your your rock stars
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00409-00090224-00090391 and all the people that support them and
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00410-00090392-00090471 so
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00411-00090472-00090694 uh there was uh the the special on
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00412-00090695-00090871 netflix and it was an aha moment for me
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00413-00090872-00091126 i'm like how could i forget the chicago
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00414-00091127-00091511 bulls like what a bull story you know
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00415-00091512-00091655 and interesting how at least from the
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00416-00091656-00091887 perspective of that documentary how the
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00417-00091888-00092175 organization let the team fall apart
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00418-00092176-00092406 they just chose to let their rock stars
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00419-00092407-00092526 walk away
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00420-00092527-00092662 um
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00421-00092663-00092911 sunset yeah really sad i was a huge
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00422-00092912-00093111 bulls fan still am so
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00423-00093112-00093350 that's very cool um so
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00424-00093351-00093567 i understand from what you've said from
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00425-00093568-00093759 context that this sounds like it's a
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00426-00093760-00093838 book
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00427-00093839-00094031 for restaurant owners or those in the
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00428-00094032-00094287 food and bev world
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00429-00094288-00094559 is that just who this is for or uh
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00430-00094560-00094894 who else might be patrons of the book
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00431-00094895-00095103 yeah i think um
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00432-00095104-00095335 creatives who are aspiring to be more
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00433-00095336-00095550 than pixel pushers
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00434-00095551-00095735 should definitely read the book and
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00435-00095736-00095943 understand it
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00436-00095944-00096231 after absorbing its contents
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00437-00096232-00096479 i think that readers will have
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00438-00096480-00096838 a deep applicable understanding of what
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00439-00096839-00097174 a brand is the components of it and how
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00440-00097175-00097303 to build one
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00441-00097304-00097479 and there's only a small part that's
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00442-00097480-00097606 about design
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00443-00097607-00097799 you know design you can learn that
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00444-00097800-00097950 there's plenty of examples grits and
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00445-00097951-00098238 grids is a font of inspiration where you
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00446-00098239-00098431 can find great looks
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00447-00098432-00098662 it's not a design book
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00448-00098663-00098935 instead it's all the things that lead up
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00449-00098936-00099159 to ensuring that the design that you
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00450-00099160-00099279 create
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00451-00099280-00099511 applies and communicates
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00452-00099512-00099743 that brand's heartbeat
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00453-00099744-00099935 and so i do think it would be them and
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00454-00099936-00100087 then anyone that has any kind of
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00455-00100088-00100223 imagination could read the book and
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00456-00100224-00100431 easily see how this brand framework
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00457-00100432-00100638 applies to everything from personal
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00458-00100639-00100815 brands to
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00459-00100816-00101103 pharma medical like every industry like
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00460-00101104-00101382 brands are all comprised of the same
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00461-00101383-00101582 components and
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00462-00101583-00101887 this may sound arrogant but to date
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00463-00101888-00102199 i haven't i've had a gripe with the way
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00464-00102200-00102527 agencies and studios and strategists how
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00465-00102528-00102702 they've talked about those components
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00466-00102703-00102863 because there's always been something
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00467-00102864-00102975 missing
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00468-00102976-00103151 and so to give a little bit of a
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00469-00103152-00103406 insight there the missing thing for me
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00470-00103407-00103742 is everyone looks inside the brand
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00471-00103743-00104023 and they gaze inside the brand and it's
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00472-00104024-00104271 all about the components of the company
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00473-00104272-00104415 and all that and that's great that's
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00474-00104416-00104710 important um and then they'll talk about
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00475-00104711-00104886 the target market
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00476-00104888-00105158 and yada yada and then there's like this
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00477-00105159-00105286 this gap
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00478-00105288-00105463 just in between those two things and i'm
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00479-00105464-00105671 like well the whole purpose of what
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00480-00105672-00105807 we're doing
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00481-00105808-00106031 is we're trying to make that gap
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00482-00106032-00106310 non-existent we want to bring the people
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00483-00106311-00106551 the the patrons as we call them we want
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00484-00106552-00106902 to rope them closer or lasso them closer
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00485-00106903-00107134 to our brand and we want to create an
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00486-00107135-00107463 unbreakable bond and that's why
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00487-00107464-00107663 we created this this diagram that then
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00488-00107664-00107831 also fueled the book called the golden
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00489-00107832-00108078 lasso where the whole purpose of this
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00490-00108079-00108310 brand the whole reason um not purpose
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00491-00108311-00108431 because that's a word that means
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00492-00108432-00108695 something else but the the motivations
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00493-00108696-00108854 behind everything we do for this brand
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00494-00108855-00109054 is to essentially lasso
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00495-00109055-00109302 ourselves the brand closer to the people
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00496-00109303-00109471 that we want to love us
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00497-00109472-00109671 and the way that that's done is by
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00498-00109672-00109886 understanding that this is going to be a
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00499-00109888-00110086 news flash this might a good thing
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00500-00110088-00110327 you're sitting down but you know i i
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00501-00110328-00110510 look at josh and i see
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00502-00110511-00110823 a white uh 40-something male relatively
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00503-00110824-00111127 successful um
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00504-00111128-00111295 does that really is that really who you
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00505-00111296-00111543 are no that's not who you are you know
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00506-00111544-00111734 that you have all kinds of choices that
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00507-00111735-00111863 you've made that you've surrounded
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00508-00111864-00112031 yourself with that are based on more
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00509-00112032-00112263 than just function functional
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00510-00112264-00112463 requirements you know if that were the
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00511-00112464-00112647 case we'd all drive a black car with
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00512-00112648-00112815 four wheels same engine same steering
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00513-00112816-00113095 wheel blah blah blah no we choose brands
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00514-00113096-00113263 because we're looking to communicate
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00515-00113264-00113439 something to the world
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00516-00113440-00113678 and brands give us a way to do that and
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00517-00113679-00113958 so i have this anecdote of a
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00518-00113959-00114278 of a um fictional person called lauren
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00519-00114279-00114478 and if i told you
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00520-00114479-00114647 that lauren
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00521-00114648-00115031 uh shops wears lululemon drives a prius
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00522-00115032-00115231 goes to whole foods and has an orange
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00523-00115232-00115390 theory subscription
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00524-00115391-00115647 you would start to have a very realistic
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00525-00115648-00115878 understanding of who lauren wants you to
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00526-00115879-00116054 think she is
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00527-00116055-00116175 now
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00528-00116176-00116327 i could tell you that lauren only goes
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00529-00116328-00116495 to the hot bar at whole foods keeps the
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00530-00116496-00116775 prius in uh gas mode um only wears
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00531-00116776-00116910 lululemon wearing around the house and
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00532-00116911-00117047 hasn't actually been to a class at
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00533-00117048-00117239 orange siri it wouldn't change her
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00534-00117240-00117447 motivations her motivations are to
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00535-00117448-00117654 project this this person to the world so
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00536-00117655-00117958 they have an opinion the same goes for
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00537-00117959-00118086 restaurants
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00538-00118088-00118231 what we're trying to do when we're
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00539-00118232-00118439 developing brands and marketing is we
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00540-00118440-00118727 want to fill in the blanks of or what we
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00541-00118728-00118983 want people to empower people to say
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00542-00118983-00119119 i'm a
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00543-00119120-00119351 josh miles grill kind of guy
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00544-00119352-00119590 you know and that should mean something
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00545-00119591-00119807 so when my friends hear me say that
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00546-00119808-00120031 they're like oh and then all of a sudden
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00547-00120032-00120295 all of the juice from that brand is
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00548-00120296-00120631 absorbed into joseph's um you know
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00549-00120632-00120775 persona and we call that a projection
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00550-00120776-00120983 layer so we get really deep into this
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00551-00120983-00121119 and very heady and because i think
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00552-00121120-00121334 that's the magic that's the gap that a
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00553-00121335-00121590 lot of places have missed when they're
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00554-00121591-00121878 illustrating and talking about brands
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00555-00121879-00122039 that's really interesting
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00556-00122040-00122143 um
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00557-00122144-00122327 i have to imagine we have lots of
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00558-00122328-00122575 listeners who are thinking well
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00559-00122576-00122783 man i should write a book too
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00560-00122783-00123071 um you know or i'm i've maybe you were
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00561-00123072-00123343 in the place where i was that was
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00562-00123344-00123495 you've known for four years you should
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00563-00123496-00123639 be writing this book you just aren't
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00564-00123640-00123814 doing it yet so talk to us a little bit
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00565-00123815-00123951 about what the
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00566-00123952-00124183 process looked like for you like how you
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00567-00124183-00124447 got it started how long it took like
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00568-00124448-00124678 how you found time to
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00569-00124679-00124966 or made time to make this work
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00570-00124967-00125183 yeah yeah those are really big questions
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00571-00125183-00125375 um
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00572-00125376-00125495 so
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00573-00125496-00125799 in in reality one could say that i have
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00574-00125800-00126083 been writing this book for 10 years
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00575-00126083-00126327 um that
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00576-00126328-00126558 while true i haven't spent 10 years
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00577-00126559-00126790 writing it if that makes sense um so
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00578-00126791-00127119 when i first moved from pennsylvania to
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00579-00127120-00127231 georgia
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00580-00127232-00127447 um i had the same kind of discussion
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00581-00127448-00127631 with the inner joseph like i should
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00582-00127632-00127751 write a book
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00583-00127752-00127871 because
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00584-00127872-00128054 one i don't want to have to field the
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00585-00128055-00128207 same questions that i seem to be
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00586-00128208-00128351 fielding on every single phone call if i
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00587-00128352-00128566 can put that into a book one i establish
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00588-00128567-00128783 authority two i hopefully prevent having
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00589-00128783-00129086 to answer those questions and um
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00590-00129088-00129286 everyone's happy the other impetus
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00591-00129288-00129447 behind that is i started designing a
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00592-00129448-00129599 brochure and
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00593-00129600-00129743 for those who aren't sitting down you
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00594-00129744-00129966 should nobody wants a brochure
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00595-00129967-00130071 like
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00596-00130072-00130223 nobody
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00597-00130224-00130510 for 20 years yeah i mean that no one is
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00598-00130511-00130671 sitting at their desk saying gosh my
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00599-00130672-00130814 life would be complete if i would just
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00600-00130815-00131054 get a brochure so i wrote this book
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00601-00131055-00131231 called fire it up and it was full of
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00602-00131232-00131478 piss and vinegar and um it was my
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00603-00131479-00131678 attitude at the time again this is
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00604-00131679-00131943 coming from being in the throes of a
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00605-00131944-00132199 recession moving my entire life
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00606-00132200-00132495 um and just a complete uproot so it was
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00607-00132496-00132711 not the tone of voice that i wanted so i
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00608-00132712-00132887 knew i would say a year or two
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00609-00132888-00133031 afterwards that i wanted to rewrite fire
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00610-00133032-00133207 it up and i wanted to be more valuable
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00611-00133208-00133327 for the reader
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00612-00133328-00133463 um
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00613-00133464-00133623 and then it took a while you know and
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00614-00133624-00133911 there was there's hiatuses
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00615-00133912-00134071 i don't know what the
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00616-00134072-00134263 the plural is i really hope the plural
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00617-00134264-00134495 of hiatus ends in an eye that would
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00618-00134496-00134687 i want it to that would please me
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00619-00134688-00134951 hey english is a moving target man it's
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00620-00134952-00135031 uh
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00621-00135032-00135214 it can be if we want it to
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00622-00135215-00135319 um
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00623-00135320-00135390 so
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00624-00135391-00135623 i think i really started to hit
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00625-00135624-00135775 momentum
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00626-00135776-00136127 and um i really got energy behind it
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00627-00136128-00136399 uh i would say
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00628-00136400-00136631 the beginning of this year
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00629-00136632-00136927 um so i had written i had deleted i had
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00630-00136928-00137135 rewritten i had deleted i
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00631-00137136-00137375 you know back backtrack
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00632-00137376-00137671 yeah and it's terrible it really is
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00633-00137672-00137790 and so
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00634-00137791-00137935 um i got to a point in my brain while
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00635-00137936-00138119 i'm like okay
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00636-00138120-00138311 one last time
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00637-00138312-00138535 let's start with what do i want this
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00638-00138536-00138695 thing to do
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00639-00138696-00139047 and so i stepped out of the document i
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00640-00139048-00139254 was working on i said okay here are the
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00641-00139255-00139439 three things i want people to walk away
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00642-00139440-00139527 with this
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00643-00139528-00139807 starting with who do i want to read it
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00644-00139808-00140039 um and with vigor we have a an
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00645-00140040-00140239 interesting balance and so
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00646-00140240-00140431 while we have a niche
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00647-00140432-00140631 the reason why our niche works so well
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00648-00140632-00140878 is because it's so diverse
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00649-00140879-00141087 and what i realized is we have a large
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00650-00141088-00141366 swath of people that are starting brands
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00651-00141367-00141519 and that could be
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00652-00141520-00141751 mr and mrs miles that have fun and want
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00653-00141752-00141975 to find a cool way to blow it
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00654-00141976-00142151 have an idea for a restaurant there's
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00655-00142152-00142271 those folks
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00656-00142272-00142423 there are the big brands that are
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00657-00142424-00142590 launching a new brand and then there's
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00658-00142591-00142783 this big gap
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00659-00142784-00142935 of people we just can't work with
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00660-00142936-00143071 because of financial reasons they just
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00661-00143072-00143214 don't have the capital to work and
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00662-00143215-00143326 invest
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00663-00143327-00143502 and then on the other side of that is
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00664-00143503-00143702 where the money comes back again and
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00665-00143703-00143887 there's money fueled so i want to talk
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00666-00143888-00144159 to two different groups of people
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00667-00144160-00144366 so i got that under in my view here's
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00668-00144367-00144551 who i want to read this here's what i
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00669-00144552-00144695 think they need to walk away with and
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00670-00144696-00144863 what they're really going to want
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00671-00144864-00145223 and then i re-evaluated my outline
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00672-00145224-00145414 and then i got the outline together with
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00673-00145415-00145559 just headlines
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00674-00145560-00145823 that i committed to not caring if they
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00675-00145824-00145943 were perfect
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00676-00145944-00146166 just i needed the general idea yeah and
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00677-00146167-00146407 then i took what i had written so far
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00678-00146408-00146590 placed it underneath there and then i
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00679-00146591-00146766 found the gaps and then i just started
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00680-00146767-00146959 writing it and i took it like every
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00681-00146960-00147166 single one of them was an article
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00682-00147167-00147431 articles you can write yeah you know
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00683-00147432-00147575 and
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00684-00147576-00147839 i got to a point where um
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00685-00147840-00147983 you know i was doing this on saturdays
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00686-00147984-00148166 and sundays for about three hours each
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00687-00148167-00148287 day
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00688-00148288-00148519 and i got to a point where i started
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00689-00148520-00148663 losing momentum
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00690-00148664-00148790 again
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00691-00148791-00148887 and
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00692-00148888-00149078 i looked at my team and i said hey guys
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00693-00149079-00149223 i think we're in a pretty decent place
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00694-00149224-00149351 right now we have a good rhythm and a
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00695-00149352-00149535 good flow
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00696-00149536-00149799 i'm going to leave for a week
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00697-00149800-00150047 and i left and this uh coincided my wife
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00698-00150048-00150199 is in the film industry and she's
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00699-00150200-00150543 working in new orleans as we speak
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00700-00150544-00150847 so i wanted to visit her um and
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00701-00150848-00151047 i went down for two weeks and i spent
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00702-00151048-00151263 one one week where i
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00703-00151264-00151463 shut everything off and
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00704-00151464-00151654 i plowed through and
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00705-00151655-00151935 uh day one was good
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00706-00151936-00152143 day two and three i started losing
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00707-00152144-00152295 momentum because i was in new orleans
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00708-00152296-00152511 and i was like oh i wanna go get some
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00709-00152512-00152639 food yeah
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00710-00152640-00152871 and then um you know
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00711-00152872-00153135 for whatever you may believe for me uh i
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00712-00153136-00153383 feel like god took took some control and
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00713-00153384-00153551 said guess what
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00714-00153552-00153735 i'm gonna make it rain and thunderstorm
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00715-00153736-00153926 all day for five days
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00716-00153927-00154063 and so
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00717-00154064-00154287 so day one i looked up and i'm like okay
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00718-00154288-00154551 i hear you i hear you and so i buckled
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00719-00154552-00154631 down
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00720-00154632-00154814 got it over the finish line got it into
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00721-00154815-00155039 my editor's hands and then spent the two
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00722-00155040-00155254 more days just refining getting the foot
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00723-00155255-00155526 news and placing all that stuff so
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00724-00155527-00155814 that's how i got there um so
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00725-00155815-00156159 where can folks find your book
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00726-00156160-00156390 great question so um as we speak and
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00727-00156391-00156590 probably at the time of of when this
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00728-00156591-00156775 airs the book is right now on
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00729-00156776-00157023 kickstarter we're trying to um i i'm
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00730-00157024-00157247 trying to raise the funds
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00731-00157248-00157519 mostly to get the audiobook version done
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00732-00157520-00157799 um i i do not want to sit in a studio
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00733-00157800-00158054 and read that book into a microphone and
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00734-00158055-00158199 i'm convinced that somebody with a
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00735-00158200-00158326 british accent is going to do a better
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00736-00158327-00158631 job anyway so um i i want to hire the
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00737-00158632-00158863 talent and i want to get it produced uh
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00738-00158864-00159063 so we're i'm looking to raise uh twelve
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00739-00159064-00159311 thousand dollars and um
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00740-00159312-00159735 we're recording this on uh june 17th
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00741-00159736-00159919 and so far that kickstarter has been
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00742-00159920-00160151 live for a few days and we're 15 of the
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00743-00160152-00160254 way there
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00744-00160255-00160407 um hopefully when this errors we're a
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00745-00160408-00160814 lot closer but the goal is to get um
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00746-00160815-00161023 get that funded by people and that'll
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00747-00161024-00161207 also give me a gauge about how excited
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00748-00161208-00161439 people are about this there's some great
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00749-00161440-00161663 pledge
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00750-00161664-00161871 packages on there
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00751-00161872-00162119 so in the book i've i've designed and
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00752-00162120-00162439 created what i think are great collages
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00753-00162440-00162583 that represent those stories so this
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00754-00162584-00162863 should be a reminder of those lessons
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00755-00162864-00163087 and those are going to be available hand
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00756-00163088-00163343 signed and numbered limited edition
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00757-00163344-00163614 lithography uh prints um so there's some
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00758-00163615-00163863 of that in in the packages and then my
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00759-00163864-00164095 favorite is the ultimate package which
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00760-00164096-00164271 i'm pretty sure josh is going to hop on
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00761-00164272-00164566 guys so it may not be available but for
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00762-00164567-00164831 fifteen hundred dollars okay don't say
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00763-00164832-00165047 no just just consider for fifteen
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00764-00165048-00165295 hundred dollars you get book you get a
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00765-00165296-00165623 few of the prints the t-shirt uh yada
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00766-00165624-00165759 yada but
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00767-00165760-00165911 i will fly to wherever you are in the
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00768-00165912-00166119 continental united states of america
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00769-00166120-00166302 and i will hang out with you
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00770-00166303-00166559 for one hour wearing a full suit bull
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00771-00166560-00166663 costume
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00772-00166664-00166790 and you can ask me any question that you
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00773-00166791-00167031 want during that hour
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00774-00167032-00167119 so
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00775-00167120-00167319 that's amazing so
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00776-00167320-00167559 my mom has not bought that one which
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00777-00167560-00167743 i don't know if i'm happy or sad about
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00778-00167744-00167838 but
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00779-00167839-00168207 i'm hoping someone does
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00780-00168208-00168407 familiar with your bowl i think
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00781-00168408-00168623 yeah yeah she's like dude all i have to
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00782-00168624-00168735 do is ask you to come up and you're
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00783-00168736-00168887 going to come i'm like whatever but you
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00784-00168888-00169063 know
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00785-00169064-00169263 help your favorite son out you know
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00786-00169264-00169447 exactly exactly
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00787-00169448-00169671 now that is awesome so what was your
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00788-00169672-00169926 thought um so obviously i knew you had a
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00789-00169927-00170102 kickstarter that was the softball
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00790-00170103-00170311 question to get you to talk about that
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00791-00170312-00170599 but yeah what was the thinking behind um
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00792-00170600-00171007 going kickstarter um
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00793-00171008-00171166 like what what pushed you over the edge
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00794-00171167-00171326 i mean obviously you can get some cash
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00795-00171327-00171623 up front and go do the recording um
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00796-00171624-00171831 what what was some of the
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00797-00171832-00172063 i guess the trade-offs like oh if i
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00798-00172064-00172287 don't do kickstarter this is better but
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00799-00172288-00172487 if i do do kickstarter here's what's
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00800-00172488-00172647 what's a better option
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00801-00172648-00172831 yeah you know i talked to a few folks
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00802-00172832-00173126 who have had books published um
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00803-00173127-00173399 and i'm not anti-publisher but from what
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00804-00173400-00173551 i understand
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00805-00173552-00173711 is unless you're
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00806-00173712-00174007 a very well-known human and
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00807-00174008-00174166 have the fame
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00808-00174167-00174311 as your backing
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00809-00174312-00174559 uh you're not really going to get much
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00810-00174560-00174799 um you're not going to get some amazing
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00811-00174800-00175199 you know upfront bonus and yada yada
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00812-00175200-00175454 and what they're really offering you is
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00813-00175455-00175719 a mechanism for promotion and marketing
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00814-00175720-00175887 in pr
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00815-00175888-00176102 i own a marketing and
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00816-00176103-00176271 company and i'm like okay and i feel
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00817-00176272-00176431 like we have a pretty good network of
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00818-00176432-00176687 folks from the grits and grids work that
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00819-00176688-00176887 we've been selflessly doing
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00820-00176888-00177199 um and so for me it's like well i'm not
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00821-00177200-00177431 adverse to a publisher i'd rather spend
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00822-00177432-00177543 my time
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00823-00177544-00177887 uh one leveraging my network
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00824-00177888-00178159 two getting a gauge as to how much of a
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00825-00178160-00178438 uh a palette there is for this book
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00826-00178439-00178559 um
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00827-00178560-00178847 and then three i get to maintain
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00828-00178848-00179047 a lot of the money
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00829-00179048-00179238 from sales as opposed to giving most of
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00830-00179239-00179495 it away to a publisher in exchange for a
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00831-00179496-00179695 signing bonus that i probably already
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00832-00179696-00179831 blew through
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00833-00179832-00179926 um
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00834-00179927-00180151 so my thinking is
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00835-00180152-00180335 self-publish this
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00836-00180336-00180543 own it outright and own the creative
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00837-00180544-00180743 guidance and leadership i can get it out
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00838-00180744-00180935 quicker because i don't need to use one
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00839-00180936-00181095 of their editors and have them chop it
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00840-00181096-00181207 all up
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00841-00181208-00181326 and then
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00842-00181327-00181607 when it does well positive thinking when
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00843-00181608-00181766 it does well
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00844-00181767-00181983 it i'll have a more of a leg to stand on
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00845-00181984-00182254 with a publisher um you know meaning hey
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00846-00182255-00182495 guys i sold x amount of this so
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00847-00182496-00182726 what are you offering me for real
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00848-00182727-00182926 and you know that's that's me being
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00849-00182927-00183102 completely honest
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00850-00183103-00183326 yeah that totally makes sense i love the
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00851-00183327-00183487 fact that you're you're doing another
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00852-00183488-00183638 book that you're going the kickstarter
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00853-00183639-00183999 route you know i i started to try um
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00854-00184000-00184343 kickstarter myself for a book back in
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00855-00184344-00184638 gosh it was like 2008 2009 so it was
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00856-00184639-00184847 like right in the middle of all the junk
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00857-00184848-00185038 and was not good like we didn't know we
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00858-00185039-00185366 were doing launching on kickstarter um
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00859-00185367-00185614 but uh but i think it's such a cool
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00860-00185615-00185766 platform and i've seen others be really
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00861-00185767-00185926 successful with it so
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00862-00185927-00186126 wish you lots of luck there especially
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00863-00186127-00186399 with your british voiceover guy like
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00864-00186400-00186550 he's gonna be awesome or maybe she's
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00865-00186551-00186775 gonna be awesome i don't know
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00866-00186776-00186871 um
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00867-00186872-00186983 so
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00868-00186984-00187119 you know maybe
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00869-00187120-00187311 going back to some of the questions that
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00870-00187312-00187543 we probably talked through before
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00871-00187544-00187743 but it's been a few years so i want to
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00872-00187744-00188126 kind of get your gauge now um
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00873-00188127-00188278 when you think of all the things that
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00874-00188279-00188495 you're doing right now in the book and
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00875-00188496-00188607 uh
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00876-00188608-00188750 you know
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00877-00188751-00189083 vigor and all of the different
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00878-00189084-00189366 foci definitely yeah it's always good to
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00879-00189367-00189502 work in foci
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00880-00189503-00189687 what would you say it is that you are
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00881-00189688-00190119 most obsessed with right now
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00882-00190120-00190383 i i remain being
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00883-00190384-00190663 fully obsessed with this industry the
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00884-00190664-00190902 restaurant industry in particular
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00885-00190903-00191071 there there are just so
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00886-00191072-00191343 many nuances and details i know that i
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00887-00191344-00191543 mean every industry has that
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00888-00191544-00191847 but this is one that never ceases to
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00889-00191848-00192166 amaze me um it teaches me how much i
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00890-00192167-00192287 don't know
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00891-00192288-00192502 uh at the same time as teaching me how
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00892-00192503-00192654 much i do know
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00893-00192655-00192750 and
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00894-00192751-00192999 there's there's always a fire you know i
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00895-00193000-00193175 just feel like it's never it's never
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00896-00193176-00193254 done
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00897-00193255-00193495 in a beautiful way and so
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00898-00193496-00193687 i remain completely obsessed with the
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00899-00193688-00193902 restaurant industry from from beginning
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00900-00193903-00194047 to end from
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00901-00194048-00194335 the uh the the 13 year old busboy the
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00902-00194336-00194511 whole way up to the seasoned veteran
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00903-00194512-00194702 who's that you know a board member at
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00904-00194703-00195078 this point yeah that's super cool
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00905-00195079-00195254 um
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00906-00195255-00195390 you know another question i'm sure we
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00907-00195391-00195623 asked you before and we'll have to go
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00908-00195624-00195823 back and and review and see if your
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00909-00195824-00196095 answers have changed at all but um what
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00910-00196096-00196278 would you say is your favorite piece of
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00911-00196279-00196575 advice either that you have received or
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00912-00196576-00196750 your favorite piece of advice to pass
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00913-00196751-00197111 along to team members
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00914-00197112-00197487 um
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00915-00197488-00197695 there's so much advice out there that is
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00916-00197696-00197847 so good
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00917-00197848-00197926 if
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00918-00197927-00198271 if i had to pick one it's gonna be
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00919-00198272-00198526 something antithetical to a movement
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00920-00198527-00198687 that's been happening for the last like
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00921-00198688-00198943 three or four years i've seen a lot of
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00922-00198944-00199038 videos
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00923-00199039-00199335 and i've seen a lot of in-person um
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00924-00199336-00199454 speakers
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00925-00199455-00199719 before the pandemic uh
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00926-00199720-00199999 quite honestly tout f the hustle
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00927-00200000-00200150 and i gotta say
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00928-00200151-00200326 my biggest piece of advice now is f f
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00929-00200327-00200678 the hustle hustle hustle do it like
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00930-00200679-00200919 if everybody else is effing the hustle
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00931-00200920-00201102 there it is a ripe opportunity to hustle
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00932-00201103-00201199 hard
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00933-00201200-00201335 and
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00934-00201336-00201566 i i have this maybe it's because of the
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00935-00201567-00201750 time i spent in new york and and living
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00936-00201751-00201902 in pennsylvania but it's like this can't
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00937-00201903-00202126 stop old top stop attitude
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00938-00202127-00202350 and i refuse to believe any of those
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00939-00202351-00202511 speakers who say after hustle because
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00940-00202512-00202687 every single one of them hustled to get
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00941-00202688-00202823 to the point to where they could speak
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00942-00202824-00203014 to you about effing the hustle
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00943-00203015-00203223 um and so that that would be my one
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00944-00203224-00203375 piece of advice is
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00945-00203376-00203663 you know don't don't be swayed by
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00946-00203664-00203847 what other people around you are saying
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00947-00203848-00203966 or doing
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00948-00203967-00204071 um
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00949-00204072-00204263 don't go with the flow
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00950-00204264-00204359 just
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00951-00204360-00204687 hustle your ass off man and
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00952-00204688-00204838 things will start to fall into place be
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00953-00204839-00205071 open to seeing patterns
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00954-00205071-00205214 you know um
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00955-00205215-00205334 don't just do something because you
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00956-00205335-00205519 think it's the right move or the best
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00957-00205519-00205694 move just be open to what the world's
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00958-00205696-00205862 telling you and the world does tell you
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00959-00205863-00205951 things
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00960-00205952-00206119 yeah i love that
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00961-00206119-00206223 um
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00962-00206223-00206398 you know especially if you're young in
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00963-00206400-00206598 your career like there's so much
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00964-00206600-00206775 ground to be gained and
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00965-00206776-00206862 um
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00966-00206863-00206942 and
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00967-00206944-00207198 this is you know there are these moments
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00968-00207200-00207390 that will happen so like hopefully we'll
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00969-00207391-00207566 never have anything quite like covet
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00970-00207567-00207758 again but you know these things are
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00971-00207759-00208023 cyclical there are downturns there are
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00972-00208023-00208286 um recessions and and coming out of
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00973-00208287-00208494 those are the moments where you can get
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00974-00208496-00208742 catch-ups so far or get so much further
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00975-00208744-00208910 ahead if that's something you desire to
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00976-00208911-00209231 do so that definitely resonates so all
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00977-00209232-00209534 right before we wrap up here
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00978-00209535-00209775 um do you have any asks of our audience
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00979-00209776-00209991 like any challenges or any things that
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00980-00209992-00210294 you would like um encourage our audience
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00981-00210296-00210575 to try
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00982-00210576-00210663 oh
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00983-00210664-00210806 yeah i mean you know for personal
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00984-00210807-00210982 development um
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00985-00210983-00211103 i would say
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00986-00211104-00211382 try turning off the uh the music and
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00987-00211383-00211727 turn on books and podcasts i mean
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00988-00211728-00211846 obviously they're listening to a podcast
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00989-00211848-00211951 now but
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00990-00211952-00212094 um
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00991-00212096-00212310 you know you can multitask quite well
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00992-00212311-00212471 like
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00993-00212471-00212646 i know you're about to go for a run and
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00994-00212648-00212806 i've been
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00995-00212807-00213151 walking very fast and sort of running uh
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00996-00213152-00213367 during the pandemic i lost 40 pounds
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00997-00213367-00213687 doing it congratulations um so i would
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00998-00213688-00213887 say i'd encourage you to get get a hold
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-00999-00213888-00213998 of your diet
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01000-00214000-00214279 um you don't have to be a health freak
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01001-00214280-00214503 you don't have to be
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01002-00214504-00214727 someone that's counting every peanut
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01003-00214728-00214806 but
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01004-00214807-00215023 you'd be surprised how much garbage
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01005-00215023-00215175 you're putting into your to your body
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01006-00215176-00215279 every day
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01007-00215280-00215455 so think about your diet and here's why
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01008-00215456-00215582 it's not about aesthetics although
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01009-00215583-00215710 that's a nice
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01010-00215711-00216055 nice by-product it's about mental and in
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01011-00216056-00216263 when you are eating better
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01012-00216264-00216487 you become clearer in your mind and when
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01013-00216488-00216655 you're clear in your mind you're able to
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01014-00216656-00216927 absorb more and then when you do listen
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01015-00216928-00217167 to those audio books and those podcasts
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01016-00217167-00217319 you retain more information you have
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01017-00217319-00217527 more energy and you'll find yourself
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01018-00217528-00217758 writing a freaking book um
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01019-00217759-00217910 you know so that would be my challenge
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01020-00217911-00218142 to everyone is to start taking your
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01021-00218144-00218391 health very seriously
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01022-00218392-00218598 and this is coming from a person who at
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01023-00218600-00218910 the age of 34 had his chest cut open to
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01024-00218911-00219110 fix his heart you know had open heart
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01025-00219111-00219287 surgery very young
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01026-00219288-00219503 um and yet even after that i still
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01027-00219504-00219727 didn't get control of my health it
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01028-00219728-00219894 wasn't until the pandemic to where i
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01029-00219896-00220079 started taking it seriously
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01030-00220080-00220263 um and i would say that's the biggest
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01031-00220264-00220446 challenge and from there
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01032-00220448-00220631 springs forth
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01033-00220632-00220951 all the energy and momentum you need to
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01034-00220952-00221198 just grapple ahead and climb whatever
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01035-00221200-00221415 mountain you're trying to climb um when
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01036-00221416-00221694 you're clear-headed and you're um you
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01037-00221696-00221879 know you you have good nutrition in your
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01038-00221880-00221998 in your body
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01039-00222000-00222223 you tend to do everything so much better
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01040-00222223-00222423 yeah that's great advice all right
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01041-00222423-00222679 joseph so the kickstarter campaign will
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01042-00222680-00222839 still be live when this airs
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01043-00222840-00222958 theoretically
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01044-00222959-00223039 and
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01045-00223040-00223271 where else can folks find you on the web
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01046-00223271-00223455 and learn more about vicker
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01047-00223456-00223646 yeah so you can find me personally on
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01048-00223648-00223846 linkedin i pretty much accept every
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01049-00223848-00224015 single request so long as you're not
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01050-00224016-00224206 trying to sell me web development
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01051-00224207-00224310 services
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01052-00224311-00224406 sorry
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01053-00224407-00224542 um
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01054-00224544-00224719 you can find me on instagram at
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01055-00224719-00224846 xalapalooza that's
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01056-00224848-00225175 s-z-a-l-a-p-a-l-o-o-s-z-a
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01057-00225176-00225310 ooh mouthful
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01058-00225311-00225582 um and then vigor it's at vigor branding
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01059-00225583-00225919 on most platforms and vigorbranding.com
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01060-00225919-00226158 um we love talking to anyone and we're
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01061-00226159-00226406 very we're very open as a part of our
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01062-00226407-00226646 culture so please feel free to reach out
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01063-00226648-00226887 if you need advice one advice i'm happy
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01064-00226888-00227063 to take a 15 to 30 minute call just
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01065-00227064-00227263 spelling time well hey man it was great
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01066-00227264-00227415 to have you back for
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01067-00227416-00227598 whatever this is the third third go
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01068-00227600-00227823 round i think third time's charm maybe
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01069-00227823-00227967 fifth if we count the times i was on
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01070-00227967-00228191 your show or something like that yeah
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01071-00228192-00228351 which will be coming up again soon just
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01072-00228352-00228542 for those that don't know well there you
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01073-00228544-00228742 go well thanks for being with us again
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01074-00228744-00228958 and thanks for being obsessed with
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01075-00228959-00229079 design
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01076-00229080-00229319 always a pleasure josh thanks
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01077-00229319-00229615 okay kids that's episode 163
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01078-00229616-00229798 in the books
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01079-00229800-00230055 hey guys just a quick note to say the
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01080-00230056-00230327 boldhearted brand kickstarter has closed
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01081-00230328-00230582 it was successful and so we'll drop a
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01082-00230583-00230758 link to that in the show notes so you
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01083-00230759-00230975 can check out all of that original info
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01084-00230976-00231119 as well as you can head over to
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01085-00231119-00231287 wholehearted.com
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01086-00231288-00231494 to learn more about the book and follow
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01087-00231496-00231719 along on the production for all of
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01088-00231719-00231903 today's show notes head over to obsessed
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01089-00231904-00232110 show.com
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01090-00232111-00232231 and if you haven't already while you're
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01091-00232232-00232415 there add your email address to our
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01092-00232416-00232615 newsletter i'll update you on some of my
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01093-00232616-00232806 favorite new episodes and some cool
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01094-00232807-00233287 things i find in my daily obsessions
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01095-00233288-00233471 of course all the links are over at
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01096-00233471-00233687 obsessed show.com to all the places you
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01097-00233688-00233942 can find this show itunes stitcher i
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01098-00233944-00234167 heart radio soundcloud google play and
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01099-00234167-00234382 spotify so no matter where you find your
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01100-00234383-00234655 podcasts chances are you can listen to
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01101-00234656-00234855 obsessed show from there just head over
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01102-00234856-00235134 to obsessed show.com
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01103-00235135-00235358 the obsessed show is produced by yours
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01104-00235359-00235558 truly josh miles
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01105-00235559-00235823 to have me speak or mc at your next
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01106-00235823-00236103 event head over to joshmiles.com to
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01107-00236104-00236319 learn more thanks for listening we'll
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01108-00236319-00237215 see you next time
+1mX2ltH9Ht0-01109-00237216-00237423 you
+1noGh_NgPuu-00001-00003497-00004913 [Music]
+1noGh_NgPuu-00004-00011384-00011596 foreign and
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+1noGh_NgPuu-00018-00050831-00052601 foreign
+1noGh_NgPuu-00019-00052602-00054280 [Applause]
+1noGh_NgPuu-00020-00054282-00056938 foreign
+1noGh_NgPuu-00021-00056939-00057100 kitchen I am
+1noGh_NgPuu-00022-00057101-00057635 is
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+1noGh_NgPuu-00032-00077507-00079939 foreign
+1noGh_NgPuu-00033-00079940-00080650 [Laughter]
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+1noGh_NgPuu-00037-00090948-00091183 foreign
+1nFymohWY_o-00000-00000019-00000463 you go spirito September 9th 1896 arezzo
+1nFymohWY_o-00001-00000465-00000824 April 28th 1979 Rome was an Italian
+1nFymohWY_o-00002-00000825-00001079 philosopher at first a fascist political
+1nFymohWY_o-00003-00001080-00001298 philosopher and subsequently an idealist
+1nFymohWY_o-00004-00001299-00001589 thinker he has also been an academic in
+1nFymohWY_o-00005-00001590-00002005 a university teacher
+1nFymohWY_o-00006-00002005-00002527 topic early life
+1nFymohWY_o-00007-00002528-00002820 spirito undertook academic study in law
+1nFymohWY_o-00008-00002821-00003048 and philosophy he was initially an
+1nFymohWY_o-00009-00003049-00003318 advocate of positivism although in 1918
+1nFymohWY_o-00010-00003319-00003543 whilst attending Sapienza University of
+1nFymohWY_o-00011-00003544-00003759 Rome he abandoned his position to become
+1nFymohWY_o-00012-00003760-00003957 a follower of the actual idealism of
+1nFymohWY_o-00013-00003958-00004304 Giovanni Gentile by the age of 22 he was
+1nFymohWY_o-00014-00004305-00004848 a self-proclaimed fascist an actual list
+1nFymohWY_o-00015-00004849-00005361 topic fascism
+1nFymohWY_o-00016-00005362-00005656 spirito spur ticular interest in fascism
+1nFymohWY_o-00017-00005657-00005857 was corporatism and he came to discuss
+1nFymohWY_o-00018-00005858-00006043 the subject in depth through the journal
+1nFymohWY_o-00019-00006044-00006286 nuova studi di Dorito economical
+1nFymohWY_o-00020-00006287-00006367 political
+1nFymohWY_o-00021-00006368-00006595 he wrote extensively on his favorite
+1nFymohWY_o-00022-00006595-00006841 topic of integral corporatism a system
+1nFymohWY_o-00023-00006842-00007030 where ownership would be concentrated in
+1nFymohWY_o-00024-00007031-00007177 the hands of workers rather than
+1nFymohWY_o-00025-00007178-00007441 shareholders this belief in integral
+1nFymohWY_o-00026-00007442-00007636 corporatism was sometimes equated with
+1nFymohWY_o-00027-00007637-00007833 the commitment to common ownership
+1nFymohWY_o-00028-00007834-00008077 effectively therefore he represented the
+1nFymohWY_o-00029-00008078-00008269 left-wing of fascism by supporting
+1nFymohWY_o-00030-00008270-00008434 corporatism as a means of mass
+1nFymohWY_o-00031-00008435-00008620 nationalization and was the butt of
+1nFymohWY_o-00032-00008621-00008796 criticism from other fascists who
+1nFymohWY_o-00033-00008797-00009070 accused him of Bolshevism Spira doz
+1nFymohWY_o-00034-00009071-00009292 economically left-wing ideals did not
+1nFymohWY_o-00035-00009293-00009502 come to fruition in fascist Italy and in
+1nFymohWY_o-00036-00009503-00009724 the later years of fascism spirito fell
+1nFymohWY_o-00037-00009725-00009927 out of favor with benito mussolini
+1nFymohWY_o-00038-00009928-00010267 indeed in 1942 he even attempted to
+1nFymohWY_o-00039-00010268-00010483 publish a book of his theories entitled
+1nFymohWY_o-00040-00010484-00010684 Revolutionary War but permission was
+1nFymohWY_o-00041-00010685-00011184 denied by Mussolini
+1nFymohWY_o-00042-00011185-00011778 pick academic career outside of his
+1nFymohWY_o-00043-00011779-00012018 involvement in fascist politics spirito
+1nFymohWY_o-00044-00012019-00012228 held professorships at the University of
+1nFymohWY_o-00045-00012229-00012503 Pisa University of Messina University of
+1nFymohWY_o-00046-00012504-00012804 Genoa and at Rome itself initially his
+1nFymohWY_o-00047-00012805-00013002 academic attention was taken up with
+1nFymohWY_o-00048-00013003-00013230 economics in criminal law but later in
+1nFymohWY_o-00049-00013231-00013430 his career he became more interested in
+1nFymohWY_o-00050-00013431-00013713 philosophical questions in terms of
+1nFymohWY_o-00051-00013713-00013913 publications he served as editor of the
+1nFymohWY_o-00052-00013915-00014115 Giornale Kritika della philosophia
+1nFymohWY_o-00053-00014116-00014388 italiana and the encyclopedia italiana
+1nFymohWY_o-00054-00014388-00014619 and as joint director of the nuova studi
+1nFymohWY_o-00055-00014619-00015247 d dorito economically politically
+1nFymohWY_o-00056-00015247-00015659 references
+1nFymohWY_o-00057-00015660-00016182 topic further reading
+1nFymohWY_o-00058-00016183-00016488 Italian Antonio comma Rana proposed easy
+1nFymohWY_o-00059-00016489-00016683 oh nice Ulla philosophia DiGiovanni
+1nFymohWY_o-00060-00016684-00016935 Gentile pre-phase EO needle senator
+1nFymohWY_o-00061-00016936-00017208 Armando plea Roma grupo Parliament air
+1nFymohWY_o-00062-00017209-00017721 MSI DN senado della repubblica 1975 157
+1nFymohWY_o-00063-00017722-00017982 pageant biblioteca nacional e centrale
+1nFymohWY_o-00064-00017983-00018135 de Firenze bien
+1nFymohWY_o-00065-00018136-00018315 seven hundred fifty eight thousand nine
+1nFymohWY_o-00066-00018316-00018726 hundred fifty one Antonio Khurana Tirek
+1nFymohWY_o-00067-00018727-00018990 Adela reacción de la dica philosophy
+1nFymohWY_o-00068-00018991-00019221 adult post commune is mo Roma grupo
+1nFymohWY_o-00069-00019222-00019500 Parliament air MS IDN senato della
+1nFymohWY_o-00070-00019501-00019898 repubblica 1976 109 pageant biblioteca
+1nFymohWY_o-00071-00019899-00020184 nacional e centrale de Firenze bien
+1nFymohWY_o-00072-00020185-00020418 seven hundred seventy five thousand four
+1nFymohWY_o-00073-00020419-00020573 hundred ninety-two
+1nFymohWY_o-00074-00020574-00020904 antonio Russo you go spirit I'll doll
+1nFymohWY_o-00075-00020905-00021147 positive is mo all aunty she Anza Milano
+1nFymohWY_o-00076-00021148-00021744 Karenia de tour a 1999 240 pageant
+2oLfuCc-ir8-00000-00000071-00000262 i'm gonna [__] side cancel what the
+2oLfuCc-ir8-00001-00000263-00000471 [__]
+2oLfuCc-ir8-00002-00000472-00001070 job job job job
+2oLfuCc-ir8-00003-00001071-00001500 job nine to five question mark
+2oZZK2cWFho-00000-00000003-00000275 Cooper chemical company has been in
+2oZZK2cWFho-00001-00000276-00000740 business since 1857 the roots of the
+2oZZK2cWFho-00002-00000741-00000977 company were planted in the Ironbound
+2oZZK2cWFho-00003-00000977-00001328 section Clifford and Van Buren streets
+2oZZK2cWFho-00004-00001329-00001660 of Newark New Jersey by Charles Cooper
+2oZZK2cWFho-00005-00001661-00001891 and Jacob Kleinman's
+2oZZK2cWFho-00006-00001892-00002264 the company originally called Charles
+2oZZK2cWFho-00007-00002265-00002549 Cooper and co-developed chemicals
+2oZZK2cWFho-00008-00002550-00002899 additives paints and other materials for
+2oZZK2cWFho-00009-00002900-00003191 industries in the United States and
+2oZZK2cWFho-00010-00003192-00003611 consumers the main business office was
+2oZZK2cWFho-00011-00003611-00003904 located on worth street near Chatham
+2oZZK2cWFho-00012-00003905-00004297 Square in New York City today
+2oZZK2cWFho-00013-00004298-00004610 Cooper chemical company as still in bulk
+2oZZK2cWFho-00014-00004611-00004972 specialty chemical manufacturing the
+2oZZK2cWFho-00015-00004973-00005291 product line provides material to the
+2oZZK2cWFho-00016-00005292-00005511 United States government and
+2oZZK2cWFho-00017-00005512-00005768 pharmaceutical companies throughout the
+2oZZK2cWFho-00018-00005769-00006421 world topic external links Chaz Cooper
+2oZZK2cWFho-00019-00006422-00006931 and company website on old Newark com
+2oZZK2cWFho-00020-00006933-00007419 official website history page
+20gsx-EyMK8-00000-00000048-00000147 foreign
+20gsx-EyMK8-00001-00000148-00000730 [Music]
+20gsx-EyMK8-00002-00000731-00000928 the authorities reported Key's
+20gsx-EyMK8-00003-00000930-00001097 repressions against the residents of
+20gsx-EyMK8-00004-00001098-00001361 Carson the Kiev regime began to organize
+20gsx-EyMK8-00005-00001362-00001547 repressions against the civilians of
+20gsx-EyMK8-00006-00001548-00001810 kerasan there is already evidence of
+20gsx-EyMK8-00007-00001811-00002021 repression against civilians who simply
+20gsx-EyMK8-00008-00002022-00002249 continued to work in recent months
+20gsx-EyMK8-00009-00002250-00002495 we can expect any provocations from the
+20gsx-EyMK8-00010-00002496-00002663 expulsion of all remaining residents
+20gsx-EyMK8-00011-00002664-00002867 from Carson to damage to the dam of the
+20gsx-EyMK8-00012-00002868-00003245 kahovskaya HPP the report says in
+20gsx-EyMK8-00013-00003246-00003406 addition the Press service urged
+20gsx-EyMK8-00014-00003407-00003556 residents of the city to exercise
+20gsx-EyMK8-00015-00003557-00003790 caution due to the arrival of Ukrainian
+20gsx-EyMK8-00016-00003792-00004072 President Vladimir zelenski in Carson
+20gsx-EyMK8-00017-00004073-00004319 it is very similar to the situation when
+20gsx-EyMK8-00018-00004320-00004493 the head of the criminal regime came to
+20gsx-EyMK8-00019-00004494-00004649 Buca in April to look at the
+20gsx-EyMK8-00020-00004650-00004835 consequences of a bloody provocation
+20gsx-EyMK8-00021-00004836-00005135 staged by his militants and executioners
+20gsx-EyMK8-00022-00005136-00005369 the scenario in Carson may be the same
+20gsx-EyMK8-00023-00005370-00005567 because the plans for this artist are
+20gsx-EyMK8-00024-00005568-00005759 written by the same screenwriters the
+20gsx-EyMK8-00025-00005760-00005885 agency said
+20gsx-EyMK8-00026-00005886-00006095 the regional authorities will take all
+20gsx-EyMK8-00027-00006096-00006251 measures to ensure the safety of
+20gsx-EyMK8-00028-00006252-00006418 residents of the Left Bank part of the
+20gsx-EyMK8-00029-00006419-00006748 Carson region today the Associated Press
+20gsx-EyMK8-00030-00006750-00006970 agency published photos from Carson
+20gsx-EyMK8-00031-00006972-00007283 which depict people tied to polls it is
+20gsx-EyMK8-00032-00007284-00007427 reported that we are talking about
+20gsx-EyMK8-00033-00007428-00007619 punishment for cooperation with the
+20gsx-EyMK8-00034-00007620-00007763 Russian authorities
+20gsx-EyMK8-00035-00007764-00007991 on Saturday the office of Vladimir
+20gsx-EyMK8-00036-00007992-00008183 zelensky announced the beginning of the
+20gsx-EyMK8-00037-00008184-00008357 work of the Kiev Administration in
+20gsx-EyMK8-00038-00008358-00008692 kerasan later in his telegram Channel a
+20gsx-EyMK8-00039-00008693-00008831 representative of the authorities
+20gsx-EyMK8-00040-00008832-00009017 appointed by Ukraine announced the
+20gsx-EyMK8-00041-00009018-00009191 introduction of a curfew in the city
+20gsx-EyMK8-00042-00009192-00009455 from 1700 to 8 o'clock and plans to
+20gsx-EyMK8-00043-00009456-00009623 restrict entry and exit from the
+20gsx-EyMK8-00044-00009624-00009737 Regional Center
+20gsx-EyMK8-00045-00009738-00009977 in mid-october the Russian authorities
+20gsx-EyMK8-00046-00009978-00010121 called on residents of four
+20gsx-EyMK8-00047-00010122-00010324 municipalities on the right Bank of the
+20gsx-EyMK8-00048-00010325-00010499 Nipper River to travel deep into the
+20gsx-EyMK8-00049-00010500-00010703 kersan region and other Russian regions
+20gsx-EyMK8-00050-00010704-00010919 due to constant Ukrainian shelling the
+20gsx-EyMK8-00051-00010920-00011092 risk of flooding in the event of a blow
+20gsx-EyMK8-00052-00011093-00011321 to the kahovskaya hydroelectric Dam as
+20gsx-EyMK8-00053-00011322-00011513 well as the possible isolation of the
+20gsx-EyMK8-00054-00011514-00011669 grouping of Russian troops on the right
+20gsx-EyMK8-00055-00011670-00011753 Bank
+20gsx-EyMK8-00056-00011754-00011981 as the commander of the United group of
+20gsx-EyMK8-00057-00011982-00012191 troops Sergey sarovicin noted the
+20gsx-EyMK8-00058-00012192-00012413 situation in kersan has become dangerous
+20gsx-EyMK8-00059-00012414-00012605 for the lives of civilians
+20gsx-EyMK8-00060-00012606-00012916 at the beginning of November 115 000
+20gsx-EyMK8-00061-00012917-00013072 people were taken out from the right
+20gsx-EyMK8-00062-00013073-00013307 Bank after which defense minister Sergey
+20gsx-EyMK8-00063-00013308-00013493 shigu agreed to begin transferring
+20gsx-EyMK8-00064-00013494-00013703 troops To the Left Bank and organize a
+20gsx-EyMK8-00065-00013704-00014047 defense line along the Nipper
+20gSqo0Uisc-00000-00000023-00000332 frapp inaudible Toria or frappe Pato as
+20gSqo0Uisc-00001-00000333-00000578 a red Italian wine grape variety planted
+20gSqo0Uisc-00002-00000579-00000844 primarily in Sicily as a very tall
+20gSqo0Uisc-00003-00000846-00001064 frappe Pato produces light bodied wines
+20gSqo0Uisc-00004-00001065-00001354 with a distinct grapey aroma it is most
+20gSqo0Uisc-00005-00001355-00001586 commonly seen as a component of Sicily's
+20gSqo0Uisc-00006-00001587-00001922 only DOCG wine sera solo de Vitoria
+20gSqo0Uisc-00007-00001923-00002126 which consists of 30 to 50 percent
+20gSqo0Uisc-00008-00002127-00002438 frappe Pato and 50 to 70% Nero d'Avola
+20gSqo0Uisc-00009-00002439-00002774 an Italian study published in 2008 using
+20gSqo0Uisc-00010-00002775-00002963 DNA typing showed a close genetic
+20gSqo0Uisc-00011-00002964-00003197 relationship between Sangiovese on the
+20gSqo0Uisc-00012-00003198-00003395 one hand and 10 other Italian grape
+20gSqo0Uisc-00013-00003396-00003556 varieties on the other hand including
+20gSqo0Uisc-00014-00003557-00003659 frittata
+20gSqo0Uisc-00015-00003660-00003926 it is therefore likely that frappe Pato
+20gSqo0Uisc-00016-00003927-00004145 is a crossing of Sangiovese and another
+20gSqo0Uisc-00017-00004146-00004895 so far unidentified grape variety
+20gSqo0Uisc-00018-00004896-00005606 topic synonyms frappe Pato de Vitoria is
+20gSqo0Uisc-00019-00005607-00005804 also known under the synonyms frittata
+20gSqo0Uisc-00020-00005805-00006068 frappe on Tony Ryall frappe Tony Rhodey
+20gSqo0Uisc-00021-00006069-00006342 Victoria frappe the two rapid 2d vitória
+20gSqo0Uisc-00022-00006343-00006603 Nerello Nerello d Catania and Nero
+20gSqo0Uisc-00023-00006604-00006872 Capitano
+22KsxDCt2m4-00000-00000984-00001335 when disaster or emergency strike that
+22KsxDCt2m4-00001-00001336-00001563 caused major damage to your home or
+22KsxDCt2m4-00002-00001564-00001814 workplace such as fire or flooding
+22KsxDCt2m4-00003-00001814-00002051 naturally you want to restore your
+22KsxDCt2m4-00004-00002052-00002340 property to its original state so if
+22KsxDCt2m4-00005-00002341-00002544 you're looking for professional reliable
+22KsxDCt2m4-00006-00002545-00002844 and affordable fire or flood damage
+22KsxDCt2m4-00007-00002845-00003056 restoration you've come to the right
+22KsxDCt2m4-00008-00003057-00003333 place we're proud to be the premier
+22KsxDCt2m4-00009-00003334-00003600 local restoration company and customer
+22KsxDCt2m4-00010-00003601-00003856 satisfaction is our number one priority
+22KsxDCt2m4-00011-00003857-00004155 we are fully licensed and insured and
+22KsxDCt2m4-00012-00004156-00004413 our restoration specialists have years
+22KsxDCt2m4-00013-00004414-00004661 of experience dealing with every type of
+22KsxDCt2m4-00014-00004662-00004959 situation you can imagine so contact us
+22KsxDCt2m4-00015-00004960-00005202 now and let us help put your property
+22KsxDCt2m4-00016-00005203-00005525 back the way it was hey there thanks for
+22KsxDCt2m4-00017-00005526-00005718 watching our video to get more fresh
+22KsxDCt2m4-00018-00005719-00005877 content regularly click the subscribe
+22KsxDCt2m4-00019-00005878-00006152 button below and then also like us on
+22KsxDCt2m4-00020-00006153-00006356 Facebook and engage with us through
+22KsxDCt2m4-00021-00006357-00006579 social media by clicking these icons
+22KsxDCt2m4-00022-00006580-00006858 that are popping up
+23ym9GeK-_Y-00000-00000056-00000206 i have no idea what's creating that
+23ym9GeK-_Y-00001-00000208-00000383 noise
+23ym9GeK-_Y-00002-00000384-00000902 but it interrupts my
+23ym9GeK-_Y-00003-00000903-00001079 over there
+23ym9GeK-_Y-00004-00001080-00001287 banging
+23ym9GeK-_Y-00005-00001288-00001462 i've got noise and noise reduction
+23ym9GeK-_Y-00006-00001463-00002639 headphones on and i can still here
+23ym9GeK-_Y-00007-00002640-00003221 and it's drying me nuts
+23ym9GeK-_Y-00008-00003222-00004375 [Music]
+23ym9GeK-_Y-00009-00004376-00004535 between all the other things that are
+23ym9GeK-_Y-00010-00004536-00004719 stressing me out this stress is made the
+23ym9GeK-_Y-00011-00004720-00004822 most
+23ym9GeK-_Y-00012-00004823-00005015 well not maybe not burning down at the
+23ym9GeK-_Y-00013-00005016-00005151 gay bar
+23ym9GeK-_Y-00014-00005152-00005279 quite a bit
+23ym9GeK-_Y-00015-00005280-00005591 um my family stresses me out everybody's
+23ym9GeK-_Y-00016-00005592-00005727 about 50
+23ym9GeK-_Y-00017-00005728-00005975 noise it's amazing i'm not a hospital
+23ym9GeK-_Y-00018-00005976-00006391 right now locked away for life
+23ym9GeK-_Y-00019-00006392-00006575 you can't can you hear that
+23ym9GeK-_Y-00020-00006576-00006759 anyway i'm going to throw this up on
+23ym9GeK-_Y-00021-00006759-00006895 youtube
+23ym9GeK-_Y-00022-00006895-00007372 and you can decide if it's too loud
+23efNjIt6AU-00000-00000000-00000152 whenever I was a kid I went to sign
+23efNjIt6AU-00001-00000153-00000388 central and floor lane and it was really
+23efNjIt6AU-00002-00000389-00000526 exciting to me because I got to see all
+23efNjIt6AU-00003-00000527-00000719 these really cool exhibits and that's
+23efNjIt6AU-00004-00000720-00000899 initially got me interested in
+23efNjIt6AU-00005-00000900-00001148 technology so that's important to me to
+23efNjIt6AU-00006-00001149-00001372 be able to pass that on to kids nowadays
+23efNjIt6AU-00007-00001373-00001763 hello my name is trash ler I am the team
+23efNjIt6AU-00008-00001764-00001988 tech lead for the Imagination Station
+23efNjIt6AU-00009-00001989-00002348 epics team there's eight lasers per side
+23efNjIt6AU-00010-00002349-00002642 and they shoot into eight corresponding
+23efNjIt6AU-00011-00002643-00002842 photodiodes no send a signal to a
+23efNjIt6AU-00012-00002843-00003058 microcontroller and then that
+23efNjIt6AU-00013-00003059-00003247 microcontroller converts that into a
+23efNjIt6AU-00014-00003248-00003485 real-time MIDI command which sends it to
+23efNjIt6AU-00015-00003486-00003653 an audio chip which decodes and
+23efNjIt6AU-00016-00003654-00003872 transmits audio my favorite part was
+23efNjIt6AU-00017-00003872-00004100 just knowing that it was going into the
+23efNjIt6AU-00018-00004101-00004403 community and that it could be delivered
+23efNjIt6AU-00019-00004404-00004697 to children that will play with it we
+23efNjIt6AU-00020-00004698-00004868 are going to be taking it down doing it
+23efNjIt6AU-00021-00004869-00005102 physical delivery helping them set it up
+23efNjIt6AU-00022-00005103-00005315 in the location they want it including
+23efNjIt6AU-00023-00005316-00005431 throwing in all the weights and
+23efNjIt6AU-00024-00005432-00005591 everything in order to stabilize it
+23efNjIt6AU-00025-00005592-00005809 sealing up everything we'll do a little
+23efNjIt6AU-00026-00005810-00005990 bit of hands-on instruction in terms of
+23efNjIt6AU-00027-00005991-00006188 showing the staff if you need to do this
+23efNjIt6AU-00028-00006189-00006347 to it here's how you go through it I
+23efNjIt6AU-00029-00006348-00006587 really enjoy learning about like human
+23efNjIt6AU-00030-00006588-00006851 centered design and like knowing that
+23efNjIt6AU-00031-00006852-00007114 like we're working with a partner so
+23efNjIt6AU-00032-00007115-00007414 like it's not always like what we think
+23efNjIt6AU-00033-00007415-00007658 is like best for the harpist whatever is
+23efNjIt6AU-00034-00007659-00008017 like they need for the means and that
+23efNjIt6AU-00035-00008018-00008180 means that they have to when they're
+23efNjIt6AU-00036-00008181-00008366 designing everything they have to
+23efNjIt6AU-00037-00008367-00008645 account for it being abused well beyond
+23efNjIt6AU-00038-00008646-00008777 any way that they would have normally
+23efNjIt6AU-00039-00008778-00008996 thought to use it and Madison said
+23efNjIt6AU-00040-00008997-00009113 design constraints that you rarely ever
+23efNjIt6AU-00041-00009114-00009314 will get in any kind of class-based
+23efNjIt6AU-00042-00009315-00009517 project because they're always geared
+23efNjIt6AU-00043-00009518-00009710 towards demonstrating to an instructor
+23efNjIt6AU-00044-00009711-00009869 who's going to be using it in the way
+23efNjIt6AU-00045-00009870-00010010 that you would actually kind of intend
+23efNjIt6AU-00046-00010011-00010226 it to work and so it's just a very
+23efNjIt6AU-00047-00010227-00010406 different design experience that factors
+23efNjIt6AU-00048-00010407-00010595 in kind of the real-world dynamics of
+23efNjIt6AU-00049-00010596-00010751 whenever you're building something for a
+23efNjIt6AU-00050-00010752-00010874 customer yeah I definitely would
+23efNjIt6AU-00051-00010875-00011063 recommend epic it's a really cool
+23efNjIt6AU-00052-00011064-00011399 experience to get you know hands-on
+23efNjIt6AU-00053-00011400-00011444 learning
+23efNjIt6AU-00054-00011445-00011689 I enjoyed produce so much more as a
+23efNjIt6AU-00055-00011690-00011942 whole because I was able to use my
+23efNjIt6AU-00056-00011943-00012137 knowledge that I was gaining in classes
+23efNjIt6AU-00057-00012138-00012341 a lot more practically so that was a big
+23efNjIt6AU-00058-00012342-00012488 help and it's just a lot of fun to be
+23efNjIt6AU-00059-00012489-00012589 able to work on some
+23efNjIt6AU-00060-00012590-00012835 - OH
+23ac2WBmhwu-00000-00000192-00000487 if you are a real estate investor or you
+23ac2WBmhwu-00001-00000488-00000686 want to be a real estate investor and
+23ac2WBmhwu-00002-00000687-00000831 you're looking for more
+23ac2WBmhwu-00003-00000832-00001062 money and funding for your real estate
+23ac2WBmhwu-00004-00001063-00001143 deals
+23ac2WBmhwu-00005-00001144-00001447 without relying on banks or hard money
+23ac2WBmhwu-00006-00001448-00001535 lenders
+23ac2WBmhwu-00007-00001536-00001695 don't go anywhere because i'm getting
+23ac2WBmhwu-00008-00001696-00002942 ready to plug you into the money
+23ac2WBmhwu-00009-00002943-00003206 well hello there and welcome to another
+23ac2WBmhwu-00010-00003207-00003415 episode of real estate investing with
+23ac2WBmhwu-00011-00003415-00003454 jay
+23ac2WBmhwu-00012-00003455-00003719 connor i'm jay connor the host of the
+23ac2WBmhwu-00013-00003720-00003759 show
+23ac2WBmhwu-00014-00003760-00003990 also known as the private money
+23ac2WBmhwu-00015-00003992-00004111 authority
+23ac2WBmhwu-00016-00004112-00004254 and if you're brand new to the show a
+23ac2WBmhwu-00017-00004255-00004406 very special welcome to you here on the
+23ac2WBmhwu-00018-00004407-00004486 show we talk
+23ac2WBmhwu-00019-00004487-00004711 all things real estate investing how to
+23ac2WBmhwu-00020-00004712-00004838 find deals
+23ac2WBmhwu-00021-00004839-00005022 we talk about all kinds of real estate
+23ac2WBmhwu-00022-00005023-00005238 deals houses single-family houses
+23ac2WBmhwu-00023-00005239-00005399 commercial projects
+23ac2WBmhwu-00024-00005400-00005759 small apartments land deals self-storage
+23ac2WBmhwu-00025-00005760-00006111 you name it and we also of course talk a
+23ac2WBmhwu-00026-00006112-00006351 lot about funding for your deals we have
+23ac2WBmhwu-00027-00006352-00006527 got an amazing show
+23ac2WBmhwu-00028-00006528-00006767 lined up for you today before i bring on
+23ac2WBmhwu-00029-00006768-00006927 my special guest
+23ac2WBmhwu-00030-00006928-00007078 i want to just let you know i've got a
+23ac2WBmhwu-00031-00007079-00007310 special gift for you
+23ac2WBmhwu-00032-00007311-00007470 for being here on the show i just
+23ac2WBmhwu-00033-00007472-00007783 recently released my brand new book
+23ac2WBmhwu-00034-00007784-00008070 which is titled where to get the money
+23ac2WBmhwu-00035-00008072-00008174 now
+23ac2WBmhwu-00036-00008175-00008383 and the subtitle is how and where to get
+23ac2WBmhwu-00037-00008384-00008646 money for your real estate deals without
+23ac2WBmhwu-00038-00008647-00008807 relying on traditional
+23ac2WBmhwu-00039-00008808-00009206 or hard money lenders this book explains
+23ac2WBmhwu-00040-00009207-00009271 to you a
+23ac2WBmhwu-00041-00009272-00009591 step by step exactly how i raised over 2
+23ac2WBmhwu-00042-00009592-00009799 million dollars in less than 90 days
+23ac2WBmhwu-00043-00009800-00010078 when i lost my lines of credit
+23ac2WBmhwu-00044-00010079-00010295 we're talking private money this is so
+23ac2WBmhwu-00045-00010296-00010510 simple folks private money's not hard
+23ac2WBmhwu-00046-00010511-00010591 money
+23ac2WBmhwu-00047-00010592-00010878 this is getting money from individuals
+23ac2WBmhwu-00048-00010879-00010959 all right
+23ac2WBmhwu-00049-00010960-00011263 so this is a gift for you simply go on
+23ac2WBmhwu-00050-00011264-00011651 over to www.jayconnor
+23ac2WBmhwu-00051-00011652-00011895 j-a-y-c-o-n-n-n-e-r dot com
+23ac2WBmhwu-00052-00011896-00012199 forward slash book b-o-o-k
+23ac2WBmhwu-00053-00012200-00012591 that's www.j-a-y-c-o-n-n-e-r dot com
+23ac2WBmhwu-00054-00012592-00012670 forward slash
+23ac2WBmhwu-00055-00012671-00013007 book b-o-o-k the book is absolutely free
+23ac2WBmhwu-00056-00013008-00013222 i am going to ask you to cover delivery
+23ac2WBmhwu-00057-00013223-00013343 and we'll get it shipped
+23ac2WBmhwu-00058-00013344-00013638 right out to you as a gift to you for
+23ac2WBmhwu-00059-00013640-00013847 being here on the show
+23ac2WBmhwu-00060-00013847-00014111 well i launched the real estate
+23ac2WBmhwu-00061-00014112-00014343 investing with jay connor podcast
+23ac2WBmhwu-00062-00014344-00014551 right at three years ago and if you've
+23ac2WBmhwu-00063-00014552-00014727 been a follower you know that i
+23ac2WBmhwu-00064-00014728-00014975 always have an amazing guest and today
+23ac2WBmhwu-00065-00014976-00015222 is no exception whatsoever
+23ac2WBmhwu-00066-00015223-00015447 my guest today has been involved in
+23ac2WBmhwu-00067-00015447-00015719 several thousand not hundred
+23ac2WBmhwu-00068-00015719-00015950 but several thousand real estate
+23ac2WBmhwu-00069-00015951-00016063 transactions
+23ac2WBmhwu-00070-00016063-00016366 and has owned income properties in 11
+23ac2WBmhwu-00071-00016368-00016430 states
+23ac2WBmhwu-00072-00016431-00016807 and 17 cities now his companies
+23ac2WBmhwu-00073-00016808-00017086 help people achieve the american dream
+23ac2WBmhwu-00074-00017087-00017222 of what do we want
+23ac2WBmhwu-00075-00017223-00017455 financial freedom and how does he do
+23ac2WBmhwu-00076-00017456-00017527 that
+23ac2WBmhwu-00077-00017528-00017855 by purchasing income property in prudent
+23ac2WBmhwu-00078-00017856-00018143 markets nationwide when we say prudent
+23ac2WBmhwu-00079-00018144-00018271 markets what that means is
+23ac2WBmhwu-00080-00018272-00018575 there are some markets in the united
+23ac2WBmhwu-00081-00018576-00018743 states that you really should not be
+23ac2WBmhwu-00082-00018744-00018886 investing in right
+23ac2WBmhwu-00083-00018887-00019230 so my guess complete solution for real
+23ac2WBmhwu-00084-00019231-00019343 estate investors
+23ac2WBmhwu-00085-00019344-00019575 is a comprehensive system that's
+23ac2WBmhwu-00086-00019576-00019727 providing real estate investors with
+23ac2WBmhwu-00087-00019728-00019863 education
+23ac2WBmhwu-00088-00019864-00020214 research resources technology to deal
+23ac2WBmhwu-00089-00020215-00020247 with
+23ac2WBmhwu-00090-00020248-00020455 all areas of their income property
+23ac2WBmhwu-00091-00020456-00020607 investment needs now
+23ac2WBmhwu-00092-00020608-00020863 the united states you may find this to
+23ac2WBmhwu-00093-00020864-00020967 be interesting
+23ac2WBmhwu-00094-00020968-00021486 offers almost 400 that's right 400
+23ac2WBmhwu-00095-00021487-00021775 distinct and diverse markets while most
+23ac2WBmhwu-00096-00021776-00021927 media pundits
+23ac2WBmhwu-00097-00021928-00022230 characterize the housing market as if it
+23ac2WBmhwu-00098-00022231-00022335 were just one
+23ac2WBmhwu-00099-00022336-00022663 single entity you see there's no such
+23ac2WBmhwu-00100-00022664-00023014 thing as a united states real estate
+23ac2WBmhwu-00101-00023015-00023247 market i mean real estate cannot be
+23ac2WBmhwu-00102-00023248-00023439 described that simply it's not that
+23ac2WBmhwu-00103-00023440-00023663 accurate right so however
+23ac2WBmhwu-00104-00023664-00024078 there is in atlanta there is a georgia
+23ac2WBmhwu-00105-00024079-00024294 there is a dallas texas real estate
+23ac2WBmhwu-00106-00024295-00024439 market there's a
+23ac2WBmhwu-00107-00024440-00024639 charlotte north carolina market there's
+23ac2WBmhwu-00108-00024640-00024791 a las vegas market
+23ac2WBmhwu-00109-00024792-00025135 there's a san diego california market
+23ac2WBmhwu-00110-00025136-00025311 and you get the picture there's a saint
+23ac2WBmhwu-00111-00025312-00025486 louis right market so
+23ac2WBmhwu-00112-00025487-00025694 all these markets are different and what
+23ac2WBmhwu-00113-00025695-00025950 my guest brings to the table here today
+23ac2WBmhwu-00114-00025951-00026183 is to talk about how it is that these
+23ac2WBmhwu-00115-00026183-00026287 markets are different
+23ac2WBmhwu-00116-00026288-00026502 and how it is that you can decide which
+23ac2WBmhwu-00117-00026504-00026743 market that you would want to be
+23ac2WBmhwu-00118-00026744-00027014 investing in so to that end my very
+23ac2WBmhwu-00119-00027016-00027127 special guest
+23ac2WBmhwu-00120-00027127-00027414 and his team scours the entire country
+23ac2WBmhwu-00121-00027416-00027551 with what he calls an
+23ac2WBmhwu-00122-00027552-00028014 area agnostic an area agnostic approach
+23ac2WBmhwu-00123-00028016-00028287 and selection and help select you the
+23ac2WBmhwu-00124-00028288-00028567 most suitable and sensible markets to
+23ac2WBmhwu-00125-00028568-00028831 recommend to his clients the investors
+23ac2WBmhwu-00126-00028832-00029062 so they don't waste countless hours
+23ac2WBmhwu-00127-00029063-00029358 doing it themselves and to help mitigate
+23ac2WBmhwu-00128-00029360-00029574 risk to where they will be investing in
+23ac2WBmhwu-00129-00029575-00029718 real estate markets
+23ac2WBmhwu-00130-00029719-00029990 that prove or look to be the most
+23ac2WBmhwu-00131-00029991-00030079 profitable
+23ac2WBmhwu-00132-00030080-00030318 and the best potential markets to be in
+23ac2WBmhwu-00133-00030319-00030423 in these days
+23ac2WBmhwu-00134-00030424-00030679 so with that folks i'm so happy and so
+23ac2WBmhwu-00135-00030680-00030790 excited what an
+23ac2WBmhwu-00136-00030791-00030999 adventure we've got lined up for today's
+23ac2WBmhwu-00137-00031000-00031246 show as i welcome my very special guest
+23ac2WBmhwu-00138-00031247-00031351 here to the show
+23ac2WBmhwu-00139-00031352-00031583 my good friend fellow mastermind member
+23ac2WBmhwu-00140-00031583-00031743 mr jason
+23ac2WBmhwu-00141-00031744-00032014 hartman hello jason welcome to the show
+23ac2WBmhwu-00142-00032016-00032262 hey jay thank you it's great to be here
+23ac2WBmhwu-00143-00032263-00032399 and great to be talking to your
+23ac2WBmhwu-00144-00032400-00032655 people looking forward to uh talking
+23ac2WBmhwu-00145-00032656-00032807 about some really good stuff today that
+23ac2WBmhwu-00146-00032808-00032902 can help people
+23ac2WBmhwu-00147-00032903-00033183 uh invest better more effectively uh
+23ac2WBmhwu-00148-00033184-00033223 save
+23ac2WBmhwu-00149-00033224-00033479 time create wealth faster and all the
+23ac2WBmhwu-00150-00033480-00033599 good stuff
+23ac2WBmhwu-00151-00033600-00033887 absolutely well jason the reason i
+23ac2WBmhwu-00152-00033888-00034039 particularly
+23ac2WBmhwu-00153-00034040-00034223 wanted you to come on here to the show
+23ac2WBmhwu-00154-00034224-00034543 is because just about three weeks ago
+23ac2WBmhwu-00155-00034544-00034774 uh at our fellow mastermind meeting i
+23ac2WBmhwu-00156-00034775-00035015 saw you put on a presentation that just
+23ac2WBmhwu-00157-00035016-00035207 blew me away uh
+23ac2WBmhwu-00158-00035208-00035439 you know you're known as a as an expert
+23ac2WBmhwu-00159-00035440-00035543 or the expert
+23ac2WBmhwu-00160-00035544-00035718 when it comes to the real estate market
+23ac2WBmhwu-00161-00035719-00035862 and real estate investing
+23ac2WBmhwu-00162-00035863-00036223 combined with an economic lens right
+23ac2WBmhwu-00163-00036224-00036518 and an economic approach and you're just
+23ac2WBmhwu-00164-00036519-00036751 brilliant man and what's so
+23ac2WBmhwu-00165-00036752-00037079 more even exciting than that is you take
+23ac2WBmhwu-00166-00037080-00037159 the brilliance
+23ac2WBmhwu-00167-00037160-00037383 and you dumb it down so i can understand
+23ac2WBmhwu-00168-00037384-00037543 it and you keep it simple
+23ac2WBmhwu-00169-00037544-00037862 right well listen it's not dumbed down
+23ac2WBmhwu-00170-00037863-00038127 but uh but you know if you can't explain
+23ac2WBmhwu-00171-00038128-00038183 things
+23ac2WBmhwu-00172-00038184-00038535 in common everyday language what good
+23ac2WBmhwu-00173-00038536-00038583 are they
+23ac2WBmhwu-00174-00038584-00038767 one of our ex-presidents ronald reagan
+23ac2WBmhwu-00175-00038768-00038927 they called him the great communicator
+23ac2WBmhwu-00176-00038928-00038983 because
+23ac2WBmhwu-00177-00038984-00039239 he took really complex ideas and and
+23ac2WBmhwu-00178-00039240-00039287 made them
+23ac2WBmhwu-00179-00039288-00039495 understandable to everybody that's the
+23ac2WBmhwu-00180-00039496-00039790 goal of communication so that everybody
+23ac2WBmhwu-00181-00039791-00039943 gets it right
+23ac2WBmhwu-00182-00039944-00040255 absolutely jason before we dive into
+23ac2WBmhwu-00183-00040256-00040302 your
+23ac2WBmhwu-00184-00040303-00040495 uh information that i've asked you to
+23ac2WBmhwu-00185-00040496-00040735 share today how about give our
+23ac2WBmhwu-00186-00040736-00041007 listeners a a little teaser as to what
+23ac2WBmhwu-00187-00041008-00041158 you're going to be going over here in a
+23ac2WBmhwu-00188-00041159-00041287 few minutes
+23ac2WBmhwu-00189-00041288-00041535 yeah sure so uh you know i think that
+23ac2WBmhwu-00190-00041536-00041599 the uh
+23ac2WBmhwu-00191-00041600-00041807 the big thing we need to be thinking
+23ac2WBmhwu-00192-00041808-00042015 about nowadays jay
+23ac2WBmhwu-00193-00042016-00042287 is uh there there's so much talk about
+23ac2WBmhwu-00194-00042288-00042367 how much
+23ac2WBmhwu-00195-00042368-00042607 prices have increased with with real
+23ac2WBmhwu-00196-00042608-00042807 estate prices around the nation
+23ac2WBmhwu-00197-00042808-00043062 uh and many people are worried that
+23ac2WBmhwu-00198-00043063-00043151 there's a bubble
+23ac2WBmhwu-00199-00043152-00043287 it's probably the most common question
+23ac2WBmhwu-00200-00043288-00043487 we get you know are we in a bubble
+23ac2WBmhwu-00201-00043488-00043807 if so when's it gonna pop because we all
+23ac2WBmhwu-00202-00043808-00043871 remember
+23ac2WBmhwu-00203-00043872-00044111 just 12 13 years ago what happened
+23ac2WBmhwu-00204-00044112-00044311 during the great recession right
+23ac2WBmhwu-00205-00044312-00044511 and that was the worst economy in about
+23ac2WBmhwu-00206-00044512-00044743 seven decades since the great depression
+23ac2WBmhwu-00207-00044744-00044902 or really eight decades i guess
+23ac2WBmhwu-00208-00044903-00045207 depending on how you count and um uh
+23ac2WBmhwu-00209-00045208-00045390 you know everybody's fearful that that's
+23ac2WBmhwu-00210-00045391-00045599 going to happen again and rightly so
+23ac2WBmhwu-00211-00045600-00045902 but the circumstances today are very
+23ac2WBmhwu-00212-00045903-00046167 very different than they were then and
+23ac2WBmhwu-00213-00046168-00046223 so
+23ac2WBmhwu-00214-00046224-00046430 i think the way well there are many ways
+23ac2WBmhwu-00215-00046431-00046646 we can evaluate the the value
+23ac2WBmhwu-00216-00046647-00046839 of real estate and the value of
+23ac2WBmhwu-00217-00046840-00047015 everything else as a matter of fact
+23ac2WBmhwu-00218-00047016-00047318 but one of the really important ways
+23ac2WBmhwu-00219-00047319-00047639 is by comparing things to the value of
+23ac2WBmhwu-00220-00047640-00047879 other things and if we compare that
+23ac2WBmhwu-00221-00047880-00047943 value to
+23ac2WBmhwu-00222-00047944-00048223 many other things we get a really good
+23ac2WBmhwu-00223-00048224-00048302 sense
+23ac2WBmhwu-00224-00048303-00048679 of whether it's expensive or it's cheap
+23ac2WBmhwu-00225-00048680-00048862 right and and so that's what i want to
+23ac2WBmhwu-00226-00048863-00049055 do today is dive into that
+23ac2WBmhwu-00227-00049056-00049358 and in your uh fantastic intro you
+23ac2WBmhwu-00228-00049359-00049462 talked a bit jay
+23ac2WBmhwu-00229-00049463-00049839 about how there were uh nearly 400
+23ac2WBmhwu-00230-00049840-00050158 uh metropolitan statistical areas in the
+23ac2WBmhwu-00231-00050159-00050390 us or msas we hear that
+23ac2WBmhwu-00232-00050391-00050607 expression a lot msa's metropolitan
+23ac2WBmhwu-00233-00050608-00050758 statistical areas
+23ac2WBmhwu-00234-00050759-00050999 and there are in a country as large and
+23ac2WBmhwu-00235-00051000-00051190 diverse as the united states
+23ac2WBmhwu-00236-00051191-00051399 there's no such thing as a national real
+23ac2WBmhwu-00237-00051400-00051502 estate market
+23ac2WBmhwu-00238-00051503-00051742 and when we hear these talking heads in
+23ac2WBmhwu-00239-00051744-00051950 the media we read about them in in you
+23ac2WBmhwu-00240-00051951-00051999 know various
+23ac2WBmhwu-00241-00052000-00052190 publications you know they they talk
+23ac2WBmhwu-00242-00052191-00052342 about the housing market
+23ac2WBmhwu-00243-00052344-00052542 or the real estate market and you know
+23ac2WBmhwu-00244-00052544-00052766 jay i can't figure out where that is
+23ac2WBmhwu-00245-00052767-00052991 i don't know if the housing markets in
+23ac2WBmhwu-00246-00052991-00053071 new york
+23ac2WBmhwu-00247-00053072-00053375 or washington dc or boston or
+23ac2WBmhwu-00248-00053376-00053535 massachusetts or
+23ac2WBmhwu-00249-00053536-00053894 massachusetts boston um or uh or miami
+23ac2WBmhwu-00250-00053895-00053982 or la
+23ac2WBmhwu-00251-00053983-00054303 or portland or or you know memphis or
+23ac2WBmhwu-00252-00054304-00054615 uh little rock or dallas or houston
+23ac2WBmhwu-00253-00054616-00054935 or uh you know whatever or
+23ac2WBmhwu-00254-00054936-00055150 you know palm beach florida where i live
+23ac2WBmhwu-00255-00055151-00055375 uh that you know there's no such thing
+23ac2WBmhwu-00256-00055376-00055535 as a national real estate market in a
+23ac2WBmhwu-00257-00055536-00055671 country this big
+23ac2WBmhwu-00258-00055672-00055838 there are just a lot of little local
+23ac2WBmhwu-00259-00055839-00055982 markets but
+23ac2WBmhwu-00260-00055983-00056294 to simplify things i think we can help
+23ac2WBmhwu-00261-00056295-00056582 help people understand it this way that
+23ac2WBmhwu-00262-00056583-00056654 you can
+23ac2WBmhwu-00263-00056655-00056966 categorize all real estate markets not
+23ac2WBmhwu-00264-00056967-00057111 only all around the country but all
+23ac2WBmhwu-00265-00057112-00057199 around the world
+23ac2WBmhwu-00266-00057200-00057511 into three basic types and the three
+23ac2WBmhwu-00267-00057512-00057575 types
+23ac2WBmhwu-00268-00057576-00057894 are linear markets cyclical markets
+23ac2WBmhwu-00269-00057895-00058166 and hybrid markets so we'll kind of talk
+23ac2WBmhwu-00270-00058167-00058311 about that and then we'll talk about
+23ac2WBmhwu-00271-00058312-00058519 this comparison aspect as well
+23ac2WBmhwu-00272-00058520-00058823 uh so jay do you want me to go ahead and
+23ac2WBmhwu-00273-00058824-00058999 share my screen so i can show some
+23ac2WBmhwu-00274-00059000-00059287 visuals well actually before you do
+23ac2WBmhwu-00275-00059288-00059503 and we're gonna want to pick your brain
+23ac2WBmhwu-00276-00059504-00059630 uh but before you do
+23ac2WBmhwu-00277-00059632-00059799 how about take a moment and just tell
+23ac2WBmhwu-00278-00059800-00059975 everybody how in the world it is you're
+23ac2WBmhwu-00279-00059976-00060159 qualified to talk about what you're
+23ac2WBmhwu-00280-00060160-00060406 talking about
+23ac2WBmhwu-00281-00060407-00060582 well that's a good question because
+23ac2WBmhwu-00282-00060583-00060782 there are a lot of fake qualified
+23ac2WBmhwu-00283-00060783-00061030 uh unqualified people out there nowadays
+23ac2WBmhwu-00284-00061032-00061263 so uh you know i got my real estate well
+23ac2WBmhwu-00285-00061264-00061454 i first got inspired to get into real
+23ac2WBmhwu-00286-00061455-00061687 estate after growing up poor in los
+23ac2WBmhwu-00287-00061688-00061830 angeles california
+23ac2WBmhwu-00288-00061832-00062023 i didn't like being poor very much i
+23ac2WBmhwu-00289-00062024-00062199 wanted to you know when i turned 16 i
+23ac2WBmhwu-00290-00062200-00062350 wanted to have a cool car and all this
+23ac2WBmhwu-00291-00062351-00062526 stuff like all the other kids did
+23ac2WBmhwu-00292-00062527-00062742 and uh i didn't have any of that so i
+23ac2WBmhwu-00293-00062744-00062830 saw an
+23ac2WBmhwu-00294-00062832-00063126 uh an infomercial of a guru and i read
+23ac2WBmhwu-00295-00063127-00063326 three chapters of his book put it down
+23ac2WBmhwu-00296-00063327-00063487 my mom read the rest she got really
+23ac2WBmhwu-00297-00063488-00063591 interested
+23ac2WBmhwu-00298-00063591-00063959 and um anyway fast forward uh
+23ac2WBmhwu-00299-00063960-00064159 when i was in my first year of college i
+23ac2WBmhwu-00300-00064160-00064335 was 19 years old
+23ac2WBmhwu-00301-00064336-00064526 i got my real estate license just so i
+23ac2WBmhwu-00302-00064527-00064671 could learn the business learn the
+23ac2WBmhwu-00303-00064672-00064775 basics
+23ac2WBmhwu-00304-00064776-00065023 and i started helping uh first-time
+23ac2WBmhwu-00305-00065024-00065279 buyers and investors buy government repo
+23ac2WBmhwu-00306-00065279-00065526 properties these were really bad really
+23ac2WBmhwu-00307-00065527-00065631 ugly properties
+23ac2WBmhwu-00308-00065632-00065775 they had you know the windows were
+23ac2WBmhwu-00309-00065776-00066031 boarded up they were disgusting most of
+23ac2WBmhwu-00310-00066032-00066087 them
+23ac2WBmhwu-00311-00066088-00066303 and anyway i sold some of those to
+23ac2WBmhwu-00312-00066304-00066543 clients and about six months into my
+23ac2WBmhwu-00313-00066544-00066823 my career i was now 20 years old there
+23ac2WBmhwu-00314-00066824-00066943 was this one client
+23ac2WBmhwu-00315-00066944-00067167 his name was jim wool he bought a few
+23ac2WBmhwu-00316-00067168-00067375 properties from me and i was just a kid
+23ac2WBmhwu-00317-00067376-00067431 but i was
+23ac2WBmhwu-00318-00067432-00067575 i was working hard i was selling
+23ac2WBmhwu-00319-00067576-00067759 properties driving people around in my
+23ac2WBmhwu-00320-00067760-00067887 volkswagen jetta
+23ac2WBmhwu-00321-00067888-00068175 and doing the whole thing and uh uh you
+23ac2WBmhwu-00322-00068176-00068231 know
+23ac2WBmhwu-00323-00068232-00068399 jim wool came to me and said jason you
+23ac2WBmhwu-00324-00068400-00068543 know one of these properties i bought
+23ac2WBmhwu-00325-00068544-00068599 from you
+23ac2WBmhwu-00326-00068600-00068863 i don't like it too much why don't you
+23ac2WBmhwu-00327-00068864-00068982 take the listing
+23ac2WBmhwu-00328-00068983-00069175 sell it for me and i'll buy i'll buy
+23ac2WBmhwu-00329-00069176-00069303 something else from you
+23ac2WBmhwu-00330-00069304-00069487 and i said jim i don't want to sell it
+23ac2WBmhwu-00331-00069488-00069703 for you i want to buy it from you
+23ac2WBmhwu-00332-00069704-00069871 and that was my first investment
+23ac2WBmhwu-00333-00069872-00070047 property i still lived at home with my
+23ac2WBmhwu-00334-00070048-00070126 mom
+23ac2WBmhwu-00335-00070127-00070415 but i had a rental property at age 20.
+23ac2WBmhwu-00336-00070416-00070535 and uh
+23ac2WBmhwu-00337-00070536-00070782 it was actually you know it it was okay
+23ac2WBmhwu-00338-00070783-00070919 at first
+23ac2WBmhwu-00339-00070920-00071231 but then guess what happened like
+23ac2WBmhwu-00340-00071232-00071423 uh like many investors with horror
+23ac2WBmhwu-00341-00071424-00071679 stories i had my my first deal
+23ac2WBmhwu-00342-00071680-00071975 was a deal that could have discouraged i
+23ac2WBmhwu-00343-00071976-00072143 would have had every right jay to just
+23ac2WBmhwu-00344-00072144-00072262 give up right there
+23ac2WBmhwu-00345-00072263-00072591 because the tenants stopped paying rent
+23ac2WBmhwu-00346-00072592-00072831 and i had to evict them my very first
+23ac2WBmhwu-00347-00072832-00073062 tenant i had to evict
+23ac2WBmhwu-00348-00073063-00073287 and so i was pretty discouraged they
+23ac2WBmhwu-00349-00073288-00073462 beat up the property and
+23ac2WBmhwu-00350-00073463-00073655 all of that and so i thought i was going
+23ac2WBmhwu-00351-00073656-00073855 to give up so i sold the property
+23ac2WBmhwu-00352-00073856-00073991 and i actually made some money on the
+23ac2WBmhwu-00353-00073992-00074175 sale so that was okay
+23ac2WBmhwu-00354-00074176-00074438 and then i bought another property and
+23ac2WBmhwu-00355-00074439-00074623 another one and another one another one
+23ac2WBmhwu-00356-00074624-00074767 and you know i've had hundreds of
+23ac2WBmhwu-00357-00074768-00074982 tenants maybe probably over a thousand
+23ac2WBmhwu-00358-00074983-00075119 tenants now over the years
+23ac2WBmhwu-00359-00075120-00075271 maybe a couple thousand even i don't
+23ac2WBmhwu-00360-00075272-00075503 even know uh and a whole bunch of
+23ac2WBmhwu-00361-00075504-00075631 properties in a lot of different
+23ac2WBmhwu-00362-00075632-00075791 locations
+23ac2WBmhwu-00363-00075792-00076015 and then we help well i had a
+23ac2WBmhwu-00364-00076016-00076182 traditional real estate company
+23ac2WBmhwu-00365-00076183-00076447 and in 2005 i sold it to coldwell banker
+23ac2WBmhwu-00366-00076448-00076631 it was in southern california
+23ac2WBmhwu-00367-00076632-00076950 and i sold that and about a year before
+23ac2WBmhwu-00368-00076951-00077094 as i was negotiating the deal with
+23ac2WBmhwu-00369-00077095-00077255 coldwell banker it took a long time to
+23ac2WBmhwu-00370-00077256-00077350 negotiate
+23ac2WBmhwu-00371-00077351-00077550 i started thinking about what's my next
+23ac2WBmhwu-00372-00077551-00077671 gig what am i going to do
+23ac2WBmhwu-00373-00077672-00077838 and i had a non-compete agreement you
+23ac2WBmhwu-00374-00077839-00077991 know i knew i'd have that
+23ac2WBmhwu-00375-00077992-00078319 and um i i just my first love was always
+23ac2WBmhwu-00376-00078320-00078511 working with investors
+23ac2WBmhwu-00377-00078512-00078847 so i started looking at investing
+23ac2WBmhwu-00378-00078848-00079135 nationwide which i had never done before
+23ac2WBmhwu-00379-00079136-00079399 and this was in 2004 as i was kind of
+23ac2WBmhwu-00380-00079400-00079535 negotiating the deal with coldwell
+23ac2WBmhwu-00381-00079536-00079726 banker to buy the company
+23ac2WBmhwu-00382-00079727-00079991 and i started flying around the country
+23ac2WBmhwu-00383-00079992-00080191 i started researching other markets and
+23ac2WBmhwu-00384-00080192-00080294 jay
+23ac2WBmhwu-00385-00080295-00080623 it was so difficult to do this by myself
+23ac2WBmhwu-00386-00080624-00080887 i just i just had a really tough time
+23ac2WBmhwu-00387-00080888-00081031 you know realtors most of them don't
+23ac2WBmhwu-00388-00081032-00081199 know anything about investing
+23ac2WBmhwu-00389-00081200-00081487 um and it was very hard to get property
+23ac2WBmhwu-00390-00081488-00081631 managers that were good
+23ac2WBmhwu-00391-00081632-00081855 i couldn't get people to return my call
+23ac2WBmhwu-00392-00081856-00081935 i'd i'd
+23ac2WBmhwu-00393-00081936-00082191 fly into a city i'd only have a few days
+23ac2WBmhwu-00394-00082192-00082415 there so i had to do things really quick
+23ac2WBmhwu-00395-00082416-00082599 and i just thought this is too difficult
+23ac2WBmhwu-00396-00082600-00082799 but i want to be a nationwide investor
+23ac2WBmhwu-00397-00082800-00083071 because i remember uh you know over the
+23ac2WBmhwu-00398-00083072-00083238 course of my traditional real estate
+23ac2WBmhwu-00399-00083239-00083294 career
+23ac2WBmhwu-00400-00083295-00083511 as i was investing you know there were
+23ac2WBmhwu-00401-00083512-00083662 some times in the orange county
+23ac2WBmhwu-00402-00083663-00083855 california real estate market
+23ac2WBmhwu-00403-00083856-00084062 where you know there were some tough
+23ac2WBmhwu-00404-00084063-00084279 markets i went through some cycles
+23ac2WBmhwu-00405-00084280-00084494 and i thought you know i don't want to
+23ac2WBmhwu-00406-00084495-00084791 do that again i want to diversify
+23ac2WBmhwu-00407-00084792-00085103 geographically i always thought income
+23ac2WBmhwu-00408-00085104-00085375 property is the most historically proven
+23ac2WBmhwu-00409-00085376-00085655 asset class in the entire world
+23ac2WBmhwu-00410-00085656-00085950 but it's local there's an old saying in
+23ac2WBmhwu-00411-00085951-00086071 real estate i'm sure you've heard it
+23ac2WBmhwu-00412-00086072-00086231 you've probably repeated it
+23ac2WBmhwu-00413-00086232-00086550 all real estate is local all real estate
+23ac2WBmhwu-00414-00086551-00086750 is local right you've heard that one
+23ac2WBmhwu-00415-00086751-00087062 and um so i i thought well i should just
+23ac2WBmhwu-00416-00087063-00087223 diversify
+23ac2WBmhwu-00417-00087224-00087471 geographically be in the best asset
+23ac2WBmhwu-00418-00087472-00087526 class
+23ac2WBmhwu-00419-00087527-00087711 income property but diversify
+23ac2WBmhwu-00420-00087712-00087967 geographically so if one area is up
+23ac2WBmhwu-00421-00087968-00088215 the other areas down i'll be okay i can
+23ac2WBmhwu-00422-00088216-00088359 even things out
+23ac2WBmhwu-00423-00088360-00088543 and that's what i was trying to do for
+23ac2WBmhwu-00424-00088544-00088687 myself and
+23ac2WBmhwu-00425-00088688-00088935 what i realized is that after i was
+23ac2WBmhwu-00426-00088936-00089038 trying to do it to my
+23ac2WBmhwu-00427-00089039-00089343 for myself for my own account i thought
+23ac2WBmhwu-00428-00089344-00089471 you know there's probably a lot of other
+23ac2WBmhwu-00429-00089472-00089671 people that feel the same way i do
+23ac2WBmhwu-00430-00089672-00089862 and they would love it if if there was
+23ac2WBmhwu-00431-00089863-00089975 like a
+23ac2WBmhwu-00432-00089976-00090279 a financial services firm for real
+23ac2WBmhwu-00433-00090280-00090455 estate investors
+23ac2WBmhwu-00434-00090456-00090735 so like many entrepreneurs many would be
+23ac2WBmhwu-00435-00090736-00090847 entrepreneurs
+23ac2WBmhwu-00436-00090848-00091103 they experience a challenge or problem
+23ac2WBmhwu-00437-00091104-00091279 themselves
+23ac2WBmhwu-00438-00091280-00091518 and they think why isn't there a better
+23ac2WBmhwu-00439-00091519-00091623 way
+23ac2WBmhwu-00440-00091624-00091950 and so i basically created this business
+23ac2WBmhwu-00441-00091951-00092038 i'm in now
+23ac2WBmhwu-00442-00092039-00092238 to become my own customer i was the
+23ac2WBmhwu-00443-00092239-00092359 first customer
+23ac2WBmhwu-00444-00092360-00092615 in my business and uh you know i
+23ac2WBmhwu-00445-00092616-00092703 established a
+23ac2WBmhwu-00446-00092704-00093031 network of providers and a whole team
+23ac2WBmhwu-00447-00093032-00093223 and an infrastructure that could help
+23ac2WBmhwu-00448-00093224-00093511 people build nationwide real estate
+23ac2WBmhwu-00449-00093512-00093662 portfolios and invest
+23ac2WBmhwu-00450-00093663-00093943 nationally not just locally so that's
+23ac2WBmhwu-00451-00093944-00094031 that's
+23ac2WBmhwu-00452-00094032-00094223 kind of the start and and fast forward
+23ac2WBmhwu-00453-00094224-00094423 i've been doing this now i guess 17
+23ac2WBmhwu-00454-00094424-00094526 years
+23ac2WBmhwu-00455-00094527-00094750 and um you know we've helped thousands
+23ac2WBmhwu-00456-00094751-00094943 of people buy properties nationwide
+23ac2WBmhwu-00457-00094944-00095023 we've got
+23ac2WBmhwu-00458-00095024-00095318 you know zillions of testimonials from
+23ac2WBmhwu-00459-00095319-00095447 clients that have just
+23ac2WBmhwu-00460-00095448-00095647 you know really made fortunes uh
+23ac2WBmhwu-00461-00095648-00095774 following our plan
+23ac2WBmhwu-00462-00095775-00096023 and it's just a pretty simple plan it's
+23ac2WBmhwu-00463-00096024-00096247 it's not a do-it-yourself plan it's a
+23ac2WBmhwu-00464-00096248-00096438 kind of a done with you plan we help
+23ac2WBmhwu-00465-00096439-00096559 people do it
+23ac2WBmhwu-00466-00096560-00096847 and uh and and that's that's leads us up
+23ac2WBmhwu-00467-00096848-00096982 to where we are now
+23ac2WBmhwu-00468-00096983-00097167 that's awesome well and answer the
+23ac2WBmhwu-00469-00097168-00097343 question how are you qualified to do
+23ac2WBmhwu-00470-00097344-00097518 what you do you've been doing it 17
+23ac2WBmhwu-00471-00097519-00097662 years and you've been involved in
+23ac2WBmhwu-00472-00097663-00097718 several
+23ac2WBmhwu-00473-00097719-00097974 thousand transactions and you're helping
+23ac2WBmhwu-00474-00097975-00098143 thousands of others do the same thing
+23ac2WBmhwu-00475-00098144-00098218 that you are
+23ac2WBmhwu-00476-00098219-00098471 nationwide making sure that they're in
+23ac2WBmhwu-00477-00098472-00098647 the right markets that they should be
+23ac2WBmhwu-00478-00098648-00098831 so jason i want to turn it over to you
+23ac2WBmhwu-00479-00098832-00099038 for you to present the information that
+23ac2WBmhwu-00480-00099039-00099238 i ask you to bring here and do
+23ac2WBmhwu-00481-00099239-00099350 and i know you're going to share your
+23ac2WBmhwu-00482-00099351-00099479 screen but for those of you that are
+23ac2WBmhwu-00483-00099480-00099726 tuning in on itunes or google play don't
+23ac2WBmhwu-00484-00099727-00099903 worry you're not going to miss out on a
+23ac2WBmhwu-00485-00099904-00099967 thing
+23ac2WBmhwu-00486-00099968-00100094 jason's going to make sure you
+23ac2WBmhwu-00487-00100095-00100294 understand this information just with
+23ac2WBmhwu-00488-00100295-00100526 you listening on audio so take it away
+23ac2WBmhwu-00489-00100527-00100591 jason
+23ac2WBmhwu-00490-00100592-00100855 yeah good stuff so uh yeah i'll try and
+23ac2WBmhwu-00491-00100856-00101071 explain any visuals so if you're
+23ac2WBmhwu-00492-00101072-00101262 listening to audio only but of course
+23ac2WBmhwu-00493-00101263-00101438 you can catch this stuff on the youtube
+23ac2WBmhwu-00494-00101439-00101511 channel
+23ac2WBmhwu-00495-00101512-00101959 and um for our um our our producer
+23ac2WBmhwu-00496-00101960-00102150 if he could just make the slide screen
+23ac2WBmhwu-00497-00102151-00102326 larger that would be great
+23ac2WBmhwu-00498-00102327-00102582 because i'm going to have some small
+23ac2WBmhwu-00499-00102583-00102751 small numbers here i need you to really
+23ac2WBmhwu-00500-00102752-00102806 see
+23ac2WBmhwu-00501-00102807-00103023 so you know it's all about the measuring
+23ac2WBmhwu-00502-00103024-00103118 stick right
+23ac2WBmhwu-00503-00103119-00103342 and there are many ways to measure
+23ac2WBmhwu-00504-00103343-00103447 things
+23ac2WBmhwu-00505-00103448-00103806 and right now the media is measuring
+23ac2WBmhwu-00506-00103807-00104142 things in just one way when they
+23ac2WBmhwu-00507-00104143-00104351 talk about real estate prices they're
+23ac2WBmhwu-00508-00104352-00104527 only comparing them
+23ac2WBmhwu-00509-00104528-00104854 to one thing first off they're only
+23ac2WBmhwu-00510-00104855-00105095 talking about the price of the property
+23ac2WBmhwu-00511-00105096-00105286 not the monthly payment on the property
+23ac2WBmhwu-00512-00105288-00105439 and that's a huge mistake
+23ac2WBmhwu-00513-00105440-00105647 so we'll get into that one but they're
+23ac2WBmhwu-00514-00105648-00105831 also comparing
+23ac2WBmhwu-00515-00105832-00106231 the price of real estate only to dollars
+23ac2WBmhwu-00516-00106232-00106590 now guess what folks nobody told you
+23ac2WBmhwu-00517-00106591-00106743 that as you've been
+23ac2WBmhwu-00518-00106744-00106951 saving money to invest in whatever you
+23ac2WBmhwu-00519-00106952-00107086 want to invest in
+23ac2WBmhwu-00520-00107088-00107431 over the last five 10 or 20 years nobody
+23ac2WBmhwu-00521-00107432-00107710 forced you to keep your money in dollars
+23ac2WBmhwu-00522-00107711-00107863 although most of you did
+23ac2WBmhwu-00523-00107864-00108166 okay so mostly that's the way people
+23ac2WBmhwu-00524-00108167-00108423 measure things but i'm here to talk
+23ac2WBmhwu-00525-00108424-00108495 about some
+23ac2WBmhwu-00526-00108496-00108783 alternative ways to measure things and
+23ac2WBmhwu-00527-00108783-00109015 alternative ways to compare
+23ac2WBmhwu-00528-00109016-00109239 the price of real estate and then in
+23ac2WBmhwu-00529-00109240-00109327 part two
+23ac2WBmhwu-00530-00109328-00109551 the monthly payment on real estate which
+23ac2WBmhwu-00531-00109552-00109758 is really more important than the price
+23ac2WBmhwu-00532-00109759-00110023 because very few people buy on a price
+23ac2WBmhwu-00533-00110024-00110215 most people buy on a payment
+23ac2WBmhwu-00534-00110216-00110510 so we'll get into that too okay so a
+23ac2WBmhwu-00535-00110511-00110678 tale of three markets
+23ac2WBmhwu-00536-00110679-00110878 as i was talking about before there are
+23ac2WBmhwu-00537-00110879-00111086 three types of real estate markets in
+23ac2WBmhwu-00538-00111088-00111190 the country
+23ac2WBmhwu-00539-00111191-00111478 or in the entire world there are linear
+23ac2WBmhwu-00540-00111479-00111558 markets
+23ac2WBmhwu-00541-00111559-00111919 these markets are stable and profitable
+23ac2WBmhwu-00542-00111920-00112134 they are my favorite types of real
+23ac2WBmhwu-00543-00112135-00112254 estate markets
+23ac2WBmhwu-00544-00112255-00112495 jay i'm not sure about you but i kind of
+23ac2WBmhwu-00545-00112496-00112686 imagine knowing what i know about you
+23ac2WBmhwu-00546-00112688-00112871 and your content and your students
+23ac2WBmhwu-00547-00112872-00113063 that you like these good solid linear
+23ac2WBmhwu-00548-00113064-00113254 markets too i know you live in a linear
+23ac2WBmhwu-00549-00113255-00113358 market
+23ac2WBmhwu-00550-00113359-00113654 so yeah and then there are cyclical
+23ac2WBmhwu-00551-00113655-00113878 markets these are like a roller coaster
+23ac2WBmhwu-00552-00113879-00114086 they go up they have glorious highs they
+23ac2WBmhwu-00553-00114088-00114263 have really ugly lows
+23ac2WBmhwu-00554-00114264-00114471 and uh if you're looking at a graph or a
+23ac2WBmhwu-00555-00114472-00114647 chart that chart looks like a roller
+23ac2WBmhwu-00556-00114648-00114823 coaster ups and downs
+23ac2WBmhwu-00557-00114824-00115158 now the funny thing is most
+23ac2WBmhwu-00558-00115159-00115471 of the markets in the country and in the
+23ac2WBmhwu-00559-00115472-00115527 world
+23ac2WBmhwu-00560-00115528-00115751 that get all the attention are the
+23ac2WBmhwu-00561-00115752-00115958 cyclical markets
+23ac2WBmhwu-00562-00115959-00116151 they are there aren't that many of them
+23ac2WBmhwu-00563-00116152-00116310 but they get all the news media
+23ac2WBmhwu-00564-00116311-00116399 attention why
+23ac2WBmhwu-00565-00116400-00116607 is that because they're newsworthy
+23ac2WBmhwu-00566-00116608-00116734 they're not boring
+23ac2WBmhwu-00567-00116735-00116966 linear markets are boring they just chug
+23ac2WBmhwu-00568-00116967-00117199 along and kind of go up slowly
+23ac2WBmhwu-00569-00117200-00117375 okay they have little ups and downs but
+23ac2WBmhwu-00570-00117376-00117527 they're not very pronounced
+23ac2WBmhwu-00571-00117528-00117807 whereas cyclical markets oh wow there's
+23ac2WBmhwu-00572-00117808-00118007 news prices are going up like crazy
+23ac2WBmhwu-00573-00118008-00118143 prices are crashing
+23ac2WBmhwu-00574-00118144-00118327 you know that's newsworthy right there's
+23ac2WBmhwu-00575-00118328-00118495 an old saying in the news media if it
+23ac2WBmhwu-00576-00118496-00118623 bleeds it leads
+23ac2WBmhwu-00577-00118624-00118878 the media loves sensationalism so they
+23ac2WBmhwu-00578-00118879-00119047 tend to ignore
+23ac2WBmhwu-00579-00119048-00119278 all of these great linear markets and
+23ac2WBmhwu-00580-00119279-00119502 then the third one is the hybrid market
+23ac2WBmhwu-00581-00119503-00119686 as the name would imply it's in between
+23ac2WBmhwu-00582-00119688-00119775 the two
+23ac2WBmhwu-00583-00119776-00119951 so just understand that those are the
+23ac2WBmhwu-00584-00119952-00120119 three types of markets
+23ac2WBmhwu-00585-00120120-00120358 um i always ask this question on my
+23ac2WBmhwu-00586-00120359-00120543 podcast the creating wealth show and
+23ac2WBmhwu-00587-00120544-00120871 on my t youtube channel and i always say
+23ac2WBmhwu-00588-00120872-00121207 compared to what and this is a
+23ac2WBmhwu-00589-00121208-00121407 really important question in fact i say
+23ac2WBmhwu-00590-00121408-00121590 it so much my listeners
+23ac2WBmhwu-00591-00121591-00121751 have dubbed it the jason hartman
+23ac2WBmhwu-00592-00121752-00121886 question even though i did not invent
+23ac2WBmhwu-00593-00121888-00122078 the question
+23ac2WBmhwu-00594-00122079-00122214 but they kind of call it the jason
+23ac2WBmhwu-00595-00122215-00122495 hartman question so compared to what
+23ac2WBmhwu-00596-00122496-00122790 that is the million dollar question we
+23ac2WBmhwu-00597-00122791-00122983 need to be asking ourselves compared to
+23ac2WBmhwu-00598-00122983-00123054 what
+23ac2WBmhwu-00599-00123055-00123366 there's an old saying in economics the
+23ac2WBmhwu-00600-00123367-00123478 cure
+23ac2WBmhwu-00601-00123479-00123863 for high prices is high prices
+23ac2WBmhwu-00602-00123864-00124039 what does that mean well one
+23ac2WBmhwu-00603-00124040-00124190 interpretation of this
+23ac2WBmhwu-00604-00124191-00124495 famous saying is that when prices are
+23ac2WBmhwu-00605-00124496-00124599 high
+23ac2WBmhwu-00606-00124600-00124886 demand will fall off and prices will
+23ac2WBmhwu-00607-00124888-00124983 come down
+23ac2WBmhwu-00608-00124983-00125278 okay that's the simple most basic rule
+23ac2WBmhwu-00609-00125279-00125383 of economics
+23ac2WBmhwu-00610-00125383-00125599 is supply and demand there's another
+23ac2WBmhwu-00611-00125600-00125727 saying the corollary
+23ac2WBmhwu-00612-00125728-00126014 the corollary to it is the cure for low
+23ac2WBmhwu-00613-00126015-00126119 prices
+23ac2WBmhwu-00614-00126120-00126478 is low prices if the prices are too low
+23ac2WBmhwu-00615-00126479-00126719 the market's going to discover that and
+23ac2WBmhwu-00616-00126720-00126799 they're going to start
+23ac2WBmhwu-00617-00126800-00127127 buying up all the widgets all the houses
+23ac2WBmhwu-00618-00127128-00127454 all the whatever and the the sellers of
+23ac2WBmhwu-00619-00127455-00127599 these items are going to
+23ac2WBmhwu-00620-00127600-00127934 raise the prices and this is constantly
+23ac2WBmhwu-00621-00127935-00128031 going on
+23ac2WBmhwu-00622-00128032-00128286 as the market regulates itself through
+23ac2WBmhwu-00623-00128288-00128414 supply and demand
+23ac2WBmhwu-00624-00128415-00128678 now as i talked about before the most
+23ac2WBmhwu-00625-00128679-00128871 common thing i think on people's minds
+23ac2WBmhwu-00626-00128872-00128919 right now
+23ac2WBmhwu-00627-00128920-00129271 is are we in a bubble and if so
+23ac2WBmhwu-00628-00129272-00129447 if we're in a bubble when will the
+23ac2WBmhwu-00629-00129448-00129702 bubble pop that is the question
+23ac2WBmhwu-00630-00129703-00129934 now before we get into this comparison
+23ac2WBmhwu-00631-00129935-00130095 issue i want to tell you about another
+23ac2WBmhwu-00632-00130096-00130183 thing
+23ac2WBmhwu-00633-00130183-00130527 um for the last 18 years i've taught a
+23ac2WBmhwu-00634-00130528-00130639 concept i call
+23ac2WBmhwu-00635-00130640-00130943 packaged commodities investing
+23ac2WBmhwu-00636-00130944-00131199 when we look at a house jay we really
+23ac2WBmhwu-00637-00131200-00131295 need to consider
+23ac2WBmhwu-00638-00131296-00131471 whether it's a house an apartment
+23ac2WBmhwu-00639-00131472-00131847 complex and i've owned both many of both
+23ac2WBmhwu-00640-00131848-00132078 or whatever type of real estate deal
+23ac2WBmhwu-00641-00132079-00132254 we're looking at
+23ac2WBmhwu-00642-00132255-00132463 we're buying two components one
+23ac2WBmhwu-00643-00132464-00132654 component is the land
+23ac2WBmhwu-00644-00132655-00133014 and the other component is the structure
+23ac2WBmhwu-00645-00133015-00133383 sitting on the land and if it's a house
+23ac2WBmhwu-00646-00133384-00133639 or pretty much any structure it's made
+23ac2WBmhwu-00647-00133640-00133783 of commodities
+23ac2WBmhwu-00648-00133784-00134119 commodities that are traded worldwide
+23ac2WBmhwu-00649-00134120-00134454 that are not indexed to any
+23ac2WBmhwu-00650-00134455-00134871 particular currency they have intrinsic
+23ac2WBmhwu-00651-00134872-00134959 value
+23ac2WBmhwu-00652-00134960-00135231 so if all the world's currencies went
+23ac2WBmhwu-00653-00135232-00135287 away
+23ac2WBmhwu-00654-00135288-00135511 tomorrow and there was no such thing as
+23ac2WBmhwu-00655-00135512-00135607 a dollar
+23ac2WBmhwu-00656-00135608-00135927 a yen a euro a peso whatever
+23ac2WBmhwu-00657-00135928-00136295 if those didn't exist people could trade
+23ac2WBmhwu-00658-00136296-00136639 lumber steel petroleum products
+23ac2WBmhwu-00659-00136640-00136983 glass concrete and all the
+23ac2WBmhwu-00660-00136984-00137390 other ingredients of a house without
+23ac2WBmhwu-00661-00137391-00137478 currency
+23ac2WBmhwu-00662-00137479-00137783 without money because these products
+23ac2WBmhwu-00663-00137784-00137823 have
+23ac2WBmhwu-00664-00137824-00138054 intrinsic value and they are the
+23ac2WBmhwu-00665-00138055-00138159 ingredients
+23ac2WBmhwu-00666-00138160-00138431 to a house so when we think about a
+23ac2WBmhwu-00667-00138432-00138511 house
+23ac2WBmhwu-00668-00138512-00138702 i want you to think of it as investing
+23ac2WBmhwu-00669-00138703-00138871 in commodities
+23ac2WBmhwu-00670-00138872-00139190 okay we are really commodities investors
+23ac2WBmhwu-00671-00139191-00139439 more than we are real estate investors
+23ac2WBmhwu-00672-00139440-00139495 and
+23ac2WBmhwu-00673-00139496-00139727 unlike commodities investors buying
+23ac2WBmhwu-00674-00139728-00139902 these commodities
+23ac2WBmhwu-00675-00139903-00140263 on the mercantile exchange okay
+23ac2WBmhwu-00676-00140264-00140590 we get to finance them for three decades
+23ac2WBmhwu-00677-00140591-00140919 with artificially cheap fixed rate
+23ac2WBmhwu-00678-00140920-00141231 debt that is tax deductible we get all
+23ac2WBmhwu-00679-00141232-00141399 these tax advantages
+23ac2WBmhwu-00680-00141400-00141607 when we package these commodities in the
+23ac2WBmhwu-00681-00141608-00141719 form of a house
+23ac2WBmhwu-00682-00141720-00142007 or an apartment building they work
+23ac2WBmhwu-00683-00142008-00142095 differently
+23ac2WBmhwu-00684-00142096-00142343 and it's a beautiful beautiful thing
+23ac2WBmhwu-00685-00142344-00142423 okay
+23ac2WBmhwu-00686-00142424-00142719 one commodity is lumber and lumber
+23ac2WBmhwu-00687-00142720-00142783 prices
+23ac2WBmhwu-00688-00142784-00143014 as probably everybody knows by now have
+23ac2WBmhwu-00689-00143015-00143239 been skyrocketing
+23ac2WBmhwu-00690-00143240-00143478 they've just been going through the roof
+23ac2WBmhwu-00691-00143479-00143590 in fact
+23ac2WBmhwu-00692-00143591-00143926 the price of lumber is has
+23ac2WBmhwu-00693-00143927-00144159 uh put upward pressure on new home
+23ac2WBmhwu-00694-00144160-00144295 prices
+23ac2WBmhwu-00695-00144296-00144678 to the tune of 24 000
+23ac2WBmhwu-00696-00144679-00144990 already just due to the cost of
+23ac2WBmhwu-00697-00144991-00145351 lumber okay this is one super important
+23ac2WBmhwu-00698-00145352-00145439 commodity
+23ac2WBmhwu-00699-00145440-00145607 but a lot of these other commodity
+23ac2WBmhwu-00700-00145608-00145751 prices have gone through the roof as
+23ac2WBmhwu-00701-00145752-00145863 well
+23ac2WBmhwu-00702-00145864-00146102 just remember uh one commodity that
+23ac2WBmhwu-00703-00146103-00146263 economists look at all the time is
+23ac2WBmhwu-00704-00146264-00146359 copper
+23ac2WBmhwu-00705-00146360-00146599 and if you were to open up the walls of
+23ac2WBmhwu-00706-00146600-00146743 any property you own
+23ac2WBmhwu-00707-00146744-00146935 you'd see a lot of copper wire in those
+23ac2WBmhwu-00708-00146936-00147054 walls right
+23ac2WBmhwu-00709-00147055-00147302 so all of these ingredients to a house
+23ac2WBmhwu-00710-00147303-00147439 are very important
+23ac2WBmhwu-00711-00147440-00147783 so uh here you know lumber iron steel
+23ac2WBmhwu-00712-00147784-00148023 all these fabricated structural medical
+23ac2WBmhwu-00713-00148024-00148183 metal metal products
+23ac2WBmhwu-00714-00148184-00148351 you know you can see the prices have
+23ac2WBmhwu-00715-00148352-00148519 just gone through the roof
+23ac2WBmhwu-00716-00148520-00148783 okay now this is a funny meme it's a
+23ac2WBmhwu-00717-00148784-00148990 picture of a couple having a romantic
+23ac2WBmhwu-00718-00148991-00149063 dinner
+23ac2WBmhwu-00719-00149064-00149271 and um you know i suppose she's saying
+23ac2WBmhwu-00720-00149272-00149551 to him take me somewhere expensive
+23ac2WBmhwu-00721-00149552-00149935 they're at the lumber yard
+23ac2WBmhwu-00722-00149936-00150087 i just thought that was kind of funny
+23ac2WBmhwu-00723-00150088-00150247 right i love it
+23ac2WBmhwu-00724-00150248-00150559 and and that meme really does sum it up
+23ac2WBmhwu-00725-00150560-00150759 you know we're in this crazy market
+23ac2WBmhwu-00726-00150760-00150919 where these commodities have become
+23ac2WBmhwu-00727-00150920-00151190 super super expensive now when we look
+23ac2WBmhwu-00728-00151191-00151326 at home prices
+23ac2WBmhwu-00729-00151327-00151526 this chart goes back over a hundred
+23ac2WBmhwu-00730-00151527-00151726 years looking at home prices
+23ac2WBmhwu-00731-00151727-00151895 we can see something really interesting
+23ac2WBmhwu-00732-00151896-00152071 here we can see
+23ac2WBmhwu-00733-00152072-00152431 that from 1900 until
+23ac2WBmhwu-00734-00152432-00152678 uh the big boom in the economy with the
+23ac2WBmhwu-00735-00152679-00152895 baby boomers coming back from world war
+23ac2WBmhwu-00736-00152896-00153214 ii and building houses and uh
+23ac2WBmhwu-00737-00153215-00153487 just experiencing a wonderful booming
+23ac2WBmhwu-00738-00153488-00153590 economy
+23ac2WBmhwu-00739-00153591-00153766 when america had its love affair with
+23ac2WBmhwu-00740-00153767-00153895 the automobile
+23ac2WBmhwu-00741-00153896-00154183 detroit was booming i mean things were
+23ac2WBmhwu-00742-00154184-00154302 pretty darn great
+23ac2WBmhwu-00743-00154303-00154678 in the 50s okay and then
+23ac2WBmhwu-00744-00154679-00154895 we saw so we saw prices go up quite a
+23ac2WBmhwu-00745-00154896-00155102 bit and then there was another big
+23ac2WBmhwu-00746-00155103-00155339 change that occurred and that was in
+23ac2WBmhwu-00747-00155340-00155487 1971
+23ac2WBmhwu-00748-00155488-00155735 when richard nixon closed the gold
+23ac2WBmhwu-00749-00155736-00155807 window
+23ac2WBmhwu-00750-00155808-00156119 he took the last step of severing
+23ac2WBmhwu-00751-00156120-00156447 the tie between gold
+23ac2WBmhwu-00752-00156448-00156783 which has been considered real money
+23ac2WBmhwu-00753-00156784-00157102 for 5 000 years and
+23ac2WBmhwu-00754-00157103-00157375 he completely disconnected gold from the
+23ac2WBmhwu-00755-00157376-00157423 dollar
+23ac2WBmhwu-00756-00157424-00157726 in 1971 and then
+23ac2WBmhwu-00757-00157727-00158039 we saw housing prices end inflation
+23ac2WBmhwu-00758-00158040-00158223 in general broad inflation not just
+23ac2WBmhwu-00759-00158224-00158366 housing prices
+23ac2WBmhwu-00760-00158367-00158678 absolutely go through the roof and
+23ac2WBmhwu-00761-00158679-00158790 you know for those of you listening to
+23ac2WBmhwu-00762-00158791-00159014 audio only the chart we're looking at
+23ac2WBmhwu-00763-00159015-00159447 is a huge huge upsurge in housing prices
+23ac2WBmhwu-00764-00159448-00159614 and then of course during the great
+23ac2WBmhwu-00765-00159615-00159814 recession we saw them come down a bit
+23ac2WBmhwu-00766-00159815-00160014 and then we've seen them go up up up
+23ac2WBmhwu-00767-00160015-00160135 ever since
+23ac2WBmhwu-00768-00160136-00160319 and you know i won't be able to go into
+23ac2WBmhwu-00769-00160320-00160478 all of these concepts today but i just
+23ac2WBmhwu-00770-00160479-00160639 want to offer a free book
+23ac2WBmhwu-00771-00160640-00160823 that i have it's just a mini book it's
+23ac2WBmhwu-00772-00160824-00160966 totally free no
+23ac2WBmhwu-00773-00160967-00161175 credit card or anything like that needed
+23ac2WBmhwu-00774-00161176-00161471 uh it's at pandemicinvesting.com
+23ac2WBmhwu-00775-00161472-00161639 and it's really relates to a lot of
+23ac2WBmhwu-00776-00161640-00161854 these topics of how to invest
+23ac2WBmhwu-00777-00161855-00162166 during a pandemic the specifics of
+23ac2WBmhwu-00778-00162167-00162375 the mass migration that is going on
+23ac2WBmhwu-00779-00162376-00162519 where people are
+23ac2WBmhwu-00780-00162520-00162790 relocating wealth is being transferred
+23ac2WBmhwu-00781-00162791-00162951 and a lot of these topics that we'll
+23ac2WBmhwu-00782-00162952-00163111 talk about today
+23ac2WBmhwu-00783-00163112-00163359 but in much more detail so that free
+23ac2WBmhwu-00784-00163360-00163678 book is at pandemic investing.com
+23ac2WBmhwu-00785-00163679-00163954 one of the topics i talk about is called
+23ac2WBmhwu-00786-00163955-00164078 inflation-induced
+23ac2WBmhwu-00787-00164079-00164463 debt destruction and this concept
+23ac2WBmhwu-00788-00164464-00164799 is a way that people really really get
+23ac2WBmhwu-00789-00164800-00164959 rich with real estate and they don't
+23ac2WBmhwu-00790-00164960-00165078 even know it jay
+23ac2WBmhwu-00791-00165079-00165311 they're not even always aware of this
+23ac2WBmhwu-00792-00165312-00165431 because it happens so
+23ac2WBmhwu-00793-00165432-00165759 subtly behind the scenes and basically
+23ac2WBmhwu-00794-00165760-00166119 it works like this people uh
+23ac2WBmhwu-00795-00166120-00166431 use 30-year fixed-rate mortgages and
+23ac2WBmhwu-00796-00166432-00166471 then
+23ac2WBmhwu-00797-00166472-00166743 as inflation comes along it devalues
+23ac2WBmhwu-00798-00166744-00166854 that debt
+23ac2WBmhwu-00799-00166855-00167063 so as real estate investors we get to
+23ac2WBmhwu-00800-00167064-00167199 pay that debt back
+23ac2WBmhwu-00801-00167200-00167502 in cheaper dollars absolutely beautiful
+23ac2WBmhwu-00802-00167503-00167575 thing
+23ac2WBmhwu-00803-00167576-00167751 it's the hidden wealth creator in real
+23ac2WBmhwu-00804-00167752-00167887 estate that most people
+23ac2WBmhwu-00805-00167888-00168151 don't even realize is happening so
+23ac2WBmhwu-00806-00168152-00168199 there's a lot
+23ac2WBmhwu-00807-00168200-00168526 more about that in the book okay this uh
+23ac2WBmhwu-00808-00168527-00168863 chart shows home prices versus
+23ac2WBmhwu-00809-00168864-00169207 the consumer price index the consumer
+23ac2WBmhwu-00810-00169208-00169383 price index is important
+23ac2WBmhwu-00811-00169384-00169654 because it's the most widely used
+23ac2WBmhwu-00812-00169655-00169719 measure
+23ac2WBmhwu-00813-00169720-00170143 of inflation now i think it's a lie
+23ac2WBmhwu-00814-00170144-00170526 it's very understated it doesn't reflect
+23ac2WBmhwu-00815-00170527-00170799 real inflation that is much higher but
+23ac2WBmhwu-00816-00170800-00170831 it
+23ac2WBmhwu-00817-00170832-00171095 is the official measure of inflation so
+23ac2WBmhwu-00818-00171096-00171254 let's just go with it
+23ac2WBmhwu-00819-00171255-00171383 let's just all know that it is
+23ac2WBmhwu-00820-00171384-00171607 understated and uh there's a lot of
+23ac2WBmhwu-00821-00171608-00171719 stuff they're not telling you in the
+23ac2WBmhwu-00822-00171720-00171871 consumer price index because it's
+23ac2WBmhwu-00823-00171872-00171990 manipulated
+23ac2WBmhwu-00824-00171991-00172302 but here if we look at this we see
+23ac2WBmhwu-00825-00172303-00172566 that the case shiller home price index
+23ac2WBmhwu-00826-00172567-00172743 the most widely used index for home
+23ac2WBmhwu-00827-00172744-00172966 prices
+23ac2WBmhwu-00828-00172967-00173238 largely keeps in step mostly with the
+23ac2WBmhwu-00829-00173239-00173423 consumer price index
+23ac2WBmhwu-00830-00173424-00173726 except it gets out of sync at times
+23ac2WBmhwu-00831-00173727-00174054 but the problem is that this index
+23ac2WBmhwu-00832-00174055-00174454 only reports on 20 major metro areas
+23ac2WBmhwu-00833-00174455-00174823 and 75 percent of the those metro areas
+23ac2WBmhwu-00834-00174824-00174935 in the index
+23ac2WBmhwu-00835-00174936-00175151 are guess what remember those three
+23ac2WBmhwu-00836-00175152-00175343 types of markets we talked about
+23ac2WBmhwu-00837-00175344-00175671 well 75 of the 20 markets in other words
+23ac2WBmhwu-00838-00175672-00175823 15 of them
+23ac2WBmhwu-00839-00175824-00176166 are encyclical markets
+23ac2WBmhwu-00840-00176167-00176535 not linear markets so it's very
+23ac2WBmhwu-00841-00176536-00176838 very misleading you really have to peel
+23ac2WBmhwu-00842-00176839-00176935 back the onion
+23ac2WBmhwu-00843-00176936-00177278 on this stuff and really really slice
+23ac2WBmhwu-00844-00177279-00177359 and dice
+23ac2WBmhwu-00845-00177360-00177638 and that's why you need experts you need
+23ac2WBmhwu-00846-00177639-00177726 a team
+23ac2WBmhwu-00847-00177727-00177966 uh you know i have way more detail on my
+23ac2WBmhwu-00848-00177967-00178135 podcast on my youtube channel
+23ac2WBmhwu-00849-00178136-00178359 jay has the same on his podcast on his
+23ac2WBmhwu-00850-00178360-00178438 youtube
+23ac2WBmhwu-00851-00178439-00178614 and this is what experts are for people
+23ac2WBmhwu-00852-00178615-00178919 that live eat and breathe this stuff
+23ac2WBmhwu-00853-00178920-00179063 we're here to help you with it to
+23ac2WBmhwu-00854-00179064-00179271 understand it but just giving you some
+23ac2WBmhwu-00855-00179272-00179575 some uh outlines and ideas today so
+23ac2WBmhwu-00856-00179576-00179919 we all have this rich uncle
+23ac2WBmhwu-00857-00179920-00180151 and his name is jerome powell he's the
+23ac2WBmhwu-00858-00180152-00180351 chairman of the federal reserve board
+23ac2WBmhwu-00859-00180352-00180519 this is the guy that controls the money
+23ac2WBmhwu-00860-00180520-00180663 supply okay
+23ac2WBmhwu-00861-00180664-00180999 and just think about this money or
+23ac2WBmhwu-00862-00181000-00181278 really more accurately currency the
+23ac2WBmhwu-00863-00181279-00181359 dollar
+23ac2WBmhwu-00864-00181360-00181623 is not really money it's currency the
+23ac2WBmhwu-00865-00181624-00181678 yen
+23ac2WBmhwu-00866-00181679-00181959 the euro the peso uh all these other
+23ac2WBmhwu-00867-00181960-00182102 currencies around the world they're not
+23ac2WBmhwu-00868-00182103-00182287 really money they're just a
+23ac2WBmhwu-00869-00182288-00182535 symbol of what they're supposed to be
+23ac2WBmhwu-00870-00182536-00182638 money right
+23ac2WBmhwu-00871-00182639-00182959 and so all of these things are basically
+23ac2WBmhwu-00872-00182960-00183054 controlled by
+23ac2WBmhwu-00873-00183055-00183302 governments and central banks and just
+23ac2WBmhwu-00874-00183303-00183471 think about this
+23ac2WBmhwu-00875-00183472-00183783 if you ask yourself this question what
+23ac2WBmhwu-00876-00183784-00184054 makes anything in the world valuable
+23ac2WBmhwu-00877-00184055-00184095 right
+23ac2WBmhwu-00878-00184096-00184407 anything it could be an economic unit
+23ac2WBmhwu-00879-00184408-00184702 it could be a personal relationship what
+23ac2WBmhwu-00880-00184703-00184847 makes it valuable
+23ac2WBmhwu-00881-00184848-00185095 two basic things drive value for
+23ac2WBmhwu-00882-00185096-00185207 anything
+23ac2WBmhwu-00883-00185208-00185575 scarcity and utility okay
+23ac2WBmhwu-00884-00185576-00186014 so uh the scarcity and utility of lumber
+23ac2WBmhwu-00885-00186015-00186231 are driving up the prices of lumber
+23ac2WBmhwu-00886-00186232-00186319 right
+23ac2WBmhwu-00887-00186320-00186566 the scarcity and utility of your
+23ac2WBmhwu-00888-00186567-00186750 significant other
+23ac2WBmhwu-00889-00186751-00186959 make them the most valuable person in
+23ac2WBmhwu-00890-00186960-00187111 the world to you right
+23ac2WBmhwu-00891-00187112-00187559 uh the scarcity and utility of dollars
+23ac2WBmhwu-00892-00187560-00188023 dictate their value okay well guess what
+23ac2WBmhwu-00893-00188024-00188399 last year the experts will tell you that
+23ac2WBmhwu-00894-00188400-00188719 since the beginning of the dollar
+23ac2WBmhwu-00895-00188720-00189023 right last year between 20
+23ac2WBmhwu-00896-00189024-00189335 and 35 percent of all dollars
+23ac2WBmhwu-00897-00189336-00189775 ever created were created last year
+23ac2WBmhwu-00898-00189776-00189983 what does that do to the value of the
+23ac2WBmhwu-00899-00189984-00190102 dollar if there are
+23ac2WBmhwu-00900-00190103-00190390 so many additional dollars being created
+23ac2WBmhwu-00901-00190391-00190519 out of thin air
+23ac2WBmhwu-00902-00190520-00190975 well naturally it debases or devalues
+23ac2WBmhwu-00903-00190976-00191263 the value of the dollar and that simply
+23ac2WBmhwu-00904-00191264-00191438 means inflation
+23ac2WBmhwu-00905-00191439-00191783 because what happens is you have a large
+23ac2WBmhwu-00906-00191784-00191950 supply of dollars
+23ac2WBmhwu-00907-00191951-00192263 going into the economy chasing a limited
+23ac2WBmhwu-00908-00192264-00192335 supply
+23ac2WBmhwu-00909-00192336-00192647 of goods and services well guess what
+23ac2WBmhwu-00910-00192648-00192838 the sellers of the goods and services
+23ac2WBmhwu-00911-00192839-00193063 see this tidal wave of dollars coming at
+23ac2WBmhwu-00912-00193064-00193119 them
+23ac2WBmhwu-00913-00193120-00193343 and what do they naturally do they raise
+23ac2WBmhwu-00914-00193344-00193447 the price
+23ac2WBmhwu-00915-00193448-00193671 they say hey i can't keep up with the
+23ac2WBmhwu-00916-00193672-00193926 demand so i gotta raise my prices
+23ac2WBmhwu-00917-00193927-00194143 i gotta raise my prices so i can pay my
+23ac2WBmhwu-00918-00194144-00194247 suppliers
+23ac2WBmhwu-00919-00194248-00194438 so i can hire more people to keep up
+23ac2WBmhwu-00920-00194439-00194654 with the demand and fulfill the orders
+23ac2WBmhwu-00921-00194655-00194926 so i can uh you know buy a new factory
+23ac2WBmhwu-00922-00194927-00195102 to manufacture more
+23ac2WBmhwu-00923-00195103-00195350 whatever we manufacture right that's
+23ac2WBmhwu-00924-00195351-00195438 what happens
+23ac2WBmhwu-00925-00195439-00195790 that's how inflation happens okay so
+23ac2WBmhwu-00926-00195791-00196143 let's compare home prices not to dollars
+23ac2WBmhwu-00927-00196144-00196478 let's compare them to gold now why gold
+23ac2WBmhwu-00928-00196479-00196759 well gold is the most common measuring
+23ac2WBmhwu-00929-00196760-00196823 stick
+23ac2WBmhwu-00930-00196824-00197023 it's the one that's got the longest
+23ac2WBmhwu-00931-00197024-00197350 history of having intrinsic value
+23ac2WBmhwu-00932-00197351-00197654 for literally 5 millennia
+23ac2WBmhwu-00933-00197655-00197943 5 000 years of history now i'm not a
+23ac2WBmhwu-00934-00197944-00198150 gold bug i want to tell you that
+23ac2WBmhwu-00935-00198151-00198447 but it is a measuring stick and it's a
+23ac2WBmhwu-00936-00198448-00198511 very
+23ac2WBmhwu-00937-00198512-00198790 very popular measuring stick so in the
+23ac2WBmhwu-00938-00198791-00198911 year 2000
+23ac2WBmhwu-00939-00198912-00199383 21 years ago it took 610 ounces of gold
+23ac2WBmhwu-00940-00199384-00199702 to buy the median price house
+23ac2WBmhwu-00941-00199703-00199950 610 ounces you could buy the median
+23ac2WBmhwu-00942-00199951-00200054 price house
+23ac2WBmhwu-00943-00200055-00200471 okay in 2010 after the great recession
+23ac2WBmhwu-00944-00200472-00200735 as we were kind of you know maybe it but
+23ac2WBmhwu-00945-00200736-00200911 had bottomed out by then
+23ac2WBmhwu-00946-00200912-00201326 in 2010 it only took 162 ounces of gold
+23ac2WBmhwu-00947-00201327-00201638 to buy the median price house
+23ac2WBmhwu-00948-00201639-00201959 so the question is did gold go up in
+23ac2WBmhwu-00949-00201960-00202014 price
+23ac2WBmhwu-00950-00202015-00202350 or did the house go down in price well
+23ac2WBmhwu-00951-00202351-00202735 i don't know gold in dollars
+23ac2WBmhwu-00952-00202736-00203111 10 years earlier was 274 an ounce
+23ac2WBmhwu-00953-00203112-00203583 by 2010 10 years later it was 1373
+23ac2WBmhwu-00954-00203584-00203943 an ounce in dollars the median price
+23ac2WBmhwu-00955-00203944-00203999 home
+23ac2WBmhwu-00956-00204000-00204407 in 2000 was 167 000
+23ac2WBmhwu-00957-00204408-00204759 and in 2010 it was 223 000 i'm rounding
+23ac2WBmhwu-00958-00204760-00204823 off
+23ac2WBmhwu-00959-00204823-00205134 okay so the question of what went up or
+23ac2WBmhwu-00960-00205135-00205255 down is
+23ac2WBmhwu-00961-00205256-00205582 it's not exactly clear but if we simply
+23ac2WBmhwu-00962-00205583-00205646 use
+23ac2WBmhwu-00963-00205648-00205982 one measuring stick we are always going
+23ac2WBmhwu-00964-00205983-00206006 to
+23ac2WBmhwu-00965-00206007-00206246 wonder what is happening that's why we
+23ac2WBmhwu-00966-00206248-00206455 need to use multiple measuring sticks to
+23ac2WBmhwu-00967-00206456-00206503 really
+23ac2WBmhwu-00968-00206504-00206879 understand the value of anything okay
+23ac2WBmhwu-00969-00206880-00207158 what what's going on today well today if
+23ac2WBmhwu-00970-00207159-00207342 you want to buy the median price house
+23ac2WBmhwu-00971-00207344-00207671 it'll cost you 208 ounces
+23ac2WBmhwu-00972-00207671-00207998 of gold so
+23ac2WBmhwu-00973-00208000-00208431 compared to 21 years ago the house today
+23ac2WBmhwu-00974-00208432-00208894 only cost one-third of what it used to
+23ac2WBmhwu-00975-00208896-00209286 it's cheaper by two-thirds
+23ac2WBmhwu-00976-00209287-00209590 so i want to ask you this
+23ac2WBmhwu-00977-00209591-00209942 are houses cheap or expensive today
+23ac2WBmhwu-00978-00209944-00210239 compared to what compared to a thank you
+23ac2WBmhwu-00979-00210240-00210439 good answer
+23ac2WBmhwu-00980-00210440-00210751 hey let's let's let's uh let's use the
+23ac2WBmhwu-00981-00210752-00210975 right sound effect here
+23ac2WBmhwu-00982-00210976-00211358 yeah okay good i love it
+23ac2WBmhwu-00983-00211359-00211567 hey jason i want to make sure you i want
+23ac2WBmhwu-00984-00211567-00211734 to make sure you hit the ball
+23ac2WBmhwu-00985-00211735-00211910 a home run hit here to make sure
+23ac2WBmhwu-00986-00211911-00212071 everybody gets the main point
+23ac2WBmhwu-00987-00212071-00212263 so we've only got about three to four
+23ac2WBmhwu-00988-00212264-00212398 minutes left
+23ac2WBmhwu-00989-00212400-00212646 so main points main points yeah so so
+23ac2WBmhwu-00990-00212648-00212815 look if you compare it to gold
+23ac2WBmhwu-00991-00212816-00213071 housing is cheaper okay if you compare
+23ac2WBmhwu-00992-00213071-00213158 to bitcoin
+23ac2WBmhwu-00993-00213159-00213455 housing is super cheap because you know
+23ac2WBmhwu-00994-00213456-00213679 bitcoin in 2010 it doesn't go back much
+23ac2WBmhwu-00995-00213680-00213819 further than that
+23ac2WBmhwu-00996-00213819-00214103 773 000 bitcoin to buy a house
+23ac2WBmhwu-00997-00214104-00214358 today only seven and a half bitcoin okay
+23ac2WBmhwu-00998-00214359-00214542 so there's that how about oil
+23ac2WBmhwu-00999-00214544-00214791 oil it's about the same price hasn't
+23ac2WBmhwu-01000-00214792-00214991 changed much in 21 years
+23ac2WBmhwu-01001-00214992-00215182 same number of barrels of oil today as
+23ac2WBmhwu-01002-00215183-00215375 back then approximately will buy you a
+23ac2WBmhwu-01003-00215376-00215455 house
+23ac2WBmhwu-01004-00215456-00215727 how about um how about rice the most
+23ac2WBmhwu-01005-00215728-00215798 common food
+23ac2WBmhwu-01006-00215800-00215934 in the world two-thirds of the world
+23ac2WBmhwu-01007-00215935-00216127 survives on rice well
+23ac2WBmhwu-01008-00216128-00216367 uh in in rice houses are a little
+23ac2WBmhwu-01009-00216367-00216446 cheaper today
+23ac2WBmhwu-01010-00216448-00216727 just a tad cheaper than before how about
+23ac2WBmhwu-01011-00216728-00216767 in
+23ac2WBmhwu-01012-00216767-00217182 the standard and pours the s p 500 index
+23ac2WBmhwu-01013-00217183-00217431 houses are a lot cheaper compared to the
+23ac2WBmhwu-01014-00217432-00217558 s p today
+23ac2WBmhwu-01015-00217559-00217791 okay it would have taken you eight
+23ac2WBmhwu-01016-00217792-00217927 hundred and eighty four
+23ac2WBmhwu-01017-00217928-00218063 eighteen hundred and eighty four shares
+23ac2WBmhwu-01018-00218064-00218231 of the s p in two thousand to buy a
+23ac2WBmhwu-01019-00218232-00218294 house
+23ac2WBmhwu-01020-00218296-00218463 today only takes you eight hundred
+23ac2WBmhwu-01021-00218464-00218598 ninety eight
+23ac2WBmhwu-01022-00218600-00218871 houses are cheaper so the question here
+23ac2WBmhwu-01023-00218871-00219063 the point of all of this
+23ac2WBmhwu-01024-00219064-00219327 is is it cheap or is it expensive that's
+23ac2WBmhwu-01025-00219328-00219446 what we've got to ask ourselves
+23ac2WBmhwu-01026-00219448-00219719 how about comparing it to median income
+23ac2WBmhwu-01027-00219719-00219846 well in median income
+23ac2WBmhwu-01028-00219848-00220071 houses are a little bit more expensive
+23ac2WBmhwu-01029-00220071-00220151 than they were
+23ac2WBmhwu-01030-00220152-00220455 21 years ago but not nearly as expensive
+23ac2WBmhwu-01031-00220456-00220534 as people
+23ac2WBmhwu-01032-00220535-00220855 would think they are compared to income
+23ac2WBmhwu-01033-00220856-00221094 okay how about in hours worked at
+23ac2WBmhwu-01034-00221096-00221182 minimum wage
+23ac2WBmhwu-01035-00221183-00221423 it hours worked at minimum wage most
+23ac2WBmhwu-01036-00221423-00221582 minimum wage people can't afford a house
+23ac2WBmhwu-01037-00221583-00221710 sadly but if you did
+23ac2WBmhwu-01038-00221711-00222039 use that as a metric houses are pretty
+23ac2WBmhwu-01039-00222040-00222142 expensive
+23ac2WBmhwu-01040-00222144-00222471 compared to minimum wage okay but
+23ac2WBmhwu-01041-00222471-00222687 it's not about the price it's about the
+23ac2WBmhwu-01042-00222688-00222775 payment
+23ac2WBmhwu-01043-00222776-00222951 so let me just give you maybe one
+23ac2WBmhwu-01044-00222952-00223142 comparison on payment and we'll wrap it
+23ac2WBmhwu-01045-00223144-00223191 up
+23ac2WBmhwu-01046-00223192-00223510 okay so here is the payment in
+23ac2WBmhwu-01047-00223511-00223703 uh well let's not do bitcoin how about
+23ac2WBmhwu-01048-00223704-00223871 this how about you want the payment now
+23ac2WBmhwu-01049-00223871-00223998 orange juice
+23ac2WBmhwu-01050-00224000-00224246 mortgage payment hours minimum wage uh
+23ac2WBmhwu-01051-00224248-00224367 let's do minimum wage
+23ac2WBmhwu-01052-00224367-00224671 okay so here's the median
+23ac2WBmhwu-01053-00224671-00224982 house prices mortgage payment okay
+23ac2WBmhwu-01054-00224983-00225134 here's the mortgage payment not the
+23ac2WBmhwu-01055-00225135-00225255 price of the house
+23ac2WBmhwu-01056-00225256-00225631 okay in hours worked at uh
+23ac2WBmhwu-01057-00225632-00225958 at minimum wage all right so in minimum
+23ac2WBmhwu-01058-00225959-00226103 wage hours worked
+23ac2WBmhwu-01059-00226104-00226423 to afford the monthly payment 21 years
+23ac2WBmhwu-01060-00226423-00226587 ago we would have had to work
+23ac2WBmhwu-01061-00226588-00226903 192 hours to afford the monthly payment
+23ac2WBmhwu-01062-00226904-00227423 but today at minimum wage only 165 hours
+23ac2WBmhwu-01063-00227423-00227694 the house has gotten cheaper this is a
+23ac2WBmhwu-01064-00227696-00227775 very
+23ac2WBmhwu-01065-00227776-00228175 real world metric here this is
+23ac2WBmhwu-01066-00228176-00228582 entirely realistic because this compares
+23ac2WBmhwu-01067-00228583-00228782 what you know how many hours do you have
+23ac2WBmhwu-01068-00228783-00228975 to work to afford the payment
+23ac2WBmhwu-01069-00228976-00229279 and here's at the median income okay
+23ac2WBmhwu-01070-00229280-00229534 you only have to work about half of the
+23ac2WBmhwu-01071-00229535-00229758 hours today at the median income
+23ac2WBmhwu-01072-00229759-00229991 to make your house payment houses are
+23ac2WBmhwu-01073-00229992-00230215 cheaper so everybody keeps asking when's
+23ac2WBmhwu-01074-00230216-00230342 the bubble gonna pop
+23ac2WBmhwu-01075-00230344-00230615 why is it so expensive are you sure it's
+23ac2WBmhwu-01076-00230616-00230719 expensive
+23ac2WBmhwu-01077-00230719-00230958 that's my question for you what are you
+23ac2WBmhwu-01078-00230959-00231167 using as your measuring stick
+23ac2WBmhwu-01079-00231167-00231510 what are you comparing it to so jay
+23ac2WBmhwu-01080-00231511-00231663 i'm just going to speed ahead a couple
+23ac2WBmhwu-01081-00231664-00231863 of slides i want you to see this
+23ac2WBmhwu-01082-00231864-00232151 in 2020 here's your mortgage payment
+23ac2WBmhwu-01083-00232152-00232471 last year it's about 13 18 per month
+23ac2WBmhwu-01084-00232471-00232855 and in 2006 before the last bubble burst
+23ac2WBmhwu-01085-00232856-00233215 it was 1532 a month and guess what
+23ac2WBmhwu-01086-00233216-00233510 if you adjust that for inflation in 14
+23ac2WBmhwu-01087-00233511-00233582 years
+23ac2WBmhwu-01088-00233583-00233882 the housing payment in real dollars got
+23ac2WBmhwu-01089-00233883-00234087 657
+23ac2WBmhwu-01090-00234088-00234398 cheaper not more expensive
+23ac2WBmhwu-01091-00234400-00234646 well everybody is worried that housing
+23ac2WBmhwu-01092-00234648-00234751 prices are too
+23ac2WBmhwu-01093-00234752-00235079 high i would argue that they're still
+23ac2WBmhwu-01094-00235080-00235351 pretty cheap now that it's listen the
+23ac2WBmhwu-01095-00235352-00235423 bubble will
+23ac2WBmhwu-01096-00235423-00235694 get frothy over frothy at some point and
+23ac2WBmhwu-01097-00235696-00235798 it will burst
+23ac2WBmhwu-01098-00235800-00236055 it it will not last forever nothing goes
+23ac2WBmhwu-01099-00236056-00236342 up indefinitely but for right now
+23ac2WBmhwu-01100-00236344-00236582 it's housing is still looking pretty
+23ac2WBmhwu-01101-00236583-00236751 affordable to me
+23ac2WBmhwu-01102-00236752-00236991 lots more on my youtube channel where i
+23ac2WBmhwu-01103-00236992-00237223 talk about the refi to you die concept
+23ac2WBmhwu-01104-00237223-00237371 of course the free book at
+23ac2WBmhwu-01105-00237371-00237567 pandemicinvesting.com and jay
+23ac2WBmhwu-01106-00237567-00237855 any questions be happy to answer jason
+23ac2WBmhwu-01107-00237856-00238055 what an amazing presentation and you
+23ac2WBmhwu-01108-00238056-00238263 know i was just having a conversation
+23ac2WBmhwu-01109-00238264-00238398 with my realtor
+23ac2WBmhwu-01110-00238400-00238631 that i do business with uh i've had the
+23ac2WBmhwu-01111-00238632-00238758 same realtor relationship
+23ac2WBmhwu-01112-00238759-00239127 now since 2004 and he made an
+23ac2WBmhwu-01113-00239128-00239287 interesting comment to me last week he
+23ac2WBmhwu-01114-00239288-00239391 says jay i tell you
+23ac2WBmhwu-01115-00239392-00239558 like here in eastern north carolina in
+23ac2WBmhwu-01116-00239559-00239742 our little teeny tiny town
+23ac2WBmhwu-01117-00239744-00240094 our prices in dollars
+23ac2WBmhwu-01118-00240096-00240430 has gone up about 30 percent and i mean
+23ac2WBmhwu-01119-00240431-00240615 we're in a linear market
+23ac2WBmhwu-01120-00240616-00240919 really but we've gone up 30 percent
+23ac2WBmhwu-01121-00240919-00241191 in the past year he says we can't keep
+23ac2WBmhwu-01122-00241192-00241367 doing this for long
+23ac2WBmhwu-01123-00241367-00241630 and so now i get to introduce my realtor
+23ac2WBmhwu-01124-00241631-00241738 to jason hartman
+23ac2WBmhwu-01125-00241739-00242134 [Laughter]
+23ac2WBmhwu-01126-00242135-00242446 there's also an argument to be made
+23ac2WBmhwu-01127-00242448-00242727 because of this momentum in pricing and
+23ac2WBmhwu-01128-00242728-00242871 dollars that we have going on
+23ac2WBmhwu-01129-00242871-00243103 there's an argument to be made instead
+23ac2WBmhwu-01130-00243104-00243230 of flipping
+23ac2WBmhwu-01131-00243231-00243463 people might want to be holding on for
+23ac2WBmhwu-01132-00243464-00243534 another
+23ac2WBmhwu-01133-00243535-00243791 year or two but instead of flipping it
+23ac2WBmhwu-01134-00243792-00243967 out and throwing away a 30
+23ac2WBmhwu-01135-00243967-00244230 return in a year right well you know jay
+23ac2WBmhwu-01136-00244231-00244382 look it uh i have done
+23ac2WBmhwu-01137-00244383-00244679 flips uh and i'm mostly a buy and hold
+23ac2WBmhwu-01138-00244680-00244719 guy
+23ac2WBmhwu-01139-00244719-00244991 i you know the way i put it is this look
+23ac2WBmhwu-01140-00244992-00245142 you can make a lot of money flipping
+23ac2WBmhwu-01141-00245144-00245206 homes
+23ac2WBmhwu-01142-00245207-00245455 no doubt okay you can make money doing
+23ac2WBmhwu-01143-00245456-00245639 wholesale you could do a lot of things
+23ac2WBmhwu-01144-00245640-00245767 there's lots of ways to make money in
+23ac2WBmhwu-01145-00245767-00245975 real estate okay it's a it's a wonderful
+23ac2WBmhwu-01146-00245976-00246191 business wonderful industry we're in
+23ac2WBmhwu-01147-00246192-00246471 but i tell you the people who flip have
+23ac2WBmhwu-01148-00246471-00246646 a lot of spending money the people who
+23ac2WBmhwu-01149-00246648-00246855 buy and hold create real wealth
+23ac2WBmhwu-01150-00246856-00247167 so i would advise anybody at least have
+23ac2WBmhwu-01151-00247167-00247230 a dual
+23ac2WBmhwu-01152-00247231-00247423 strategy if you're flipping because you
+23ac2WBmhwu-01153-00247423-00247582 like those big pops you're going to pay
+23ac2WBmhwu-01154-00247583-00247775 some pretty big capital gains tax along
+23ac2WBmhwu-01155-00247776-00247855 the way
+23ac2WBmhwu-01156-00247856-00248127 have a buy and hold portfolio as well so
+23ac2WBmhwu-01157-00248128-00248206 that you can
+23ac2WBmhwu-01158-00248207-00248487 get a lot of tax benefits and of course
+23ac2WBmhwu-01159-00248488-00248542 build
+23ac2WBmhwu-01160-00248544-00248855 wealth through my refi to die plan
+23ac2WBmhwu-01161-00248856-00249079 inflation-induced debt destruction all
+23ac2WBmhwu-01162-00249080-00249239 the other stuff that i teach on the
+23ac2WBmhwu-01163-00249240-00249527 podcast in youtube that is amazing you
+23ac2WBmhwu-01164-00249528-00249598 not that
+23ac2WBmhwu-01165-00249600-00249919 you are amazing jason and one more time
+23ac2WBmhwu-01166-00249919-00250167 how can people connect with you um
+23ac2WBmhwu-01167-00250167-00250310 probably the best place since i
+23ac2WBmhwu-01168-00250311-00250458 mentioned it already is
+23ac2WBmhwu-01169-00250459-00250575 pandemicinvesting.com
+23ac2WBmhwu-01170-00250576-00250742 just for because you get the free book
+23ac2WBmhwu-01171-00250744-00250906 there my main website is
+23ac2WBmhwu-01172-00250907-00251046 jasonhartman.com
+23ac2WBmhwu-01173-00251048-00251279 uh and then the creating wealth podcast
+23ac2WBmhwu-01174-00251280-00251471 is in all the usual places and
+23ac2WBmhwu-01175-00251471-00251694 in my youtube channel and uh we just we
+23ac2WBmhwu-01176-00251696-00251782 just want to
+23ac2WBmhwu-01177-00251783-00252006 help people avoid the crooks on wall
+23ac2WBmhwu-01178-00252007-00252119 street
+23ac2WBmhwu-01179-00252119-00252415 that's our big goal and uh and and just
+23ac2WBmhwu-01180-00252416-00252575 help them you know invest in the most
+23ac2WBmhwu-01181-00252576-00252798 historically proven asset class
+23ac2WBmhwu-01182-00252800-00253015 in the entire world it's the most tax
+23ac2WBmhwu-01183-00253016-00253215 favored asset class in america
+23ac2WBmhwu-01184-00253216-00253534 and that is income property so
+23ac2WBmhwu-01185-00253535-00253694 thanks for having me and and happy
+23ac2WBmhwu-01186-00253696-00253839 investing to you and all of your
+23ac2WBmhwu-01187-00253840-00253975 followers jay
+23ac2WBmhwu-01188-00253976-00254206 thank you so much jason for joining me
+23ac2WBmhwu-01189-00254207-00254342 and i look forward to seeing you in
+23ac2WBmhwu-01190-00254344-00254439 person
+23ac2WBmhwu-01191-00254440-00254615 at one of our upcoming mastermind
+23ac2WBmhwu-01192-00254616-00254806 meetings as well thank you so much jason
+23ac2WBmhwu-01193-00254807-00254903 a dear friend
+23ac2WBmhwu-01194-00254904-00255198 i appreciate you so much and to everyone
+23ac2WBmhwu-01195-00255200-00255230 here
+23ac2WBmhwu-01196-00255231-00255391 thank you for joining us here for
+23ac2WBmhwu-01197-00255392-00255606 another episode of real estate investing
+23ac2WBmhwu-01198-00255607-00255663 with jay
+23ac2WBmhwu-01199-00255664-00255903 connor i'm jay connor the private money
+23ac2WBmhwu-01200-00255904-00256087 authority wishing you all the best
+23ac2WBmhwu-01201-00256088-00256358 and here's to taking your investing to
+23ac2WBmhwu-01202-00256359-00256406 the next
+23ac2WBmhwu-01203-00256407-00257983 level we'll see you on the next show
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00000-00000166-00000440 I'm still very honored to meet you it's
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00001-00000441-00000688 really great to have here in apartment
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00002-00000689-00000821 thank you so much for coming
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00003-00000822-00001157 it's a pleasure nice to meet you yeah so
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00004-00001158-00001412 your films you very often focus on the
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00005-00001413-00001568 working class and their everyday
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00006-00001569-00001909 struggle and yeah I was wondering why is
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00007-00001910-00002309 this topic so dear to you well if there
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00008-00002310-00002452 is to be changed you will come from the
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00009-00002453-00002527 working class
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00010-00002528-00002776 it won't come because they those who
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00011-00002777-00003091 control capital decide to give up power
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00012-00003092-00003713 it'll only come when those who who who
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00013-00003714-00004029 who live their lives exploited
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00014-00004030-00004460 struggling to survive and and those in
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00015-00004461-00004688 who think they're middle-class but
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00016-00004689-00004901 actually live by selling their labor it
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00017-00004902-00005152 learning change will come from them it
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00018-00005153-00005318 won't it won't come from the rich and
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00019-00005319-00005561 powerful so so in the way they are the
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00020-00005562-00005816 most important people they are the least
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00021-00005817-00006011 regarded but they are the most important
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00022-00006012-00006275 people historically if we are to change
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00023-00006276-00006454 things it has to come from the working
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00024-00006455-00006692 class yeah yeah I think I think that's
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00025-00006693-00006848 very right I think that's you know you
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00026-00006848-00007013 see the change coming from the people
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00027-00007014-00007226 that are at the moment at least that are
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00028-00007227-00007391 not the ones that are the most hurt
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00029-00007392-00007595 usually in society I mean if you look at
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00030-00007595-00007823 for example the climate movement which
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00031-00007823-00008033 which I've been a part of for many years
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00032-00008034-00008285 it's now the young kids I mean young
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00033-00008286-00008438 kids are usually not the people that
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00034-00008439-00008585 people are listening to and outer but
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00035-00008586-00008717 actually bringing change in the world
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00036-00008718-00009131 yes yes well and well I think that those
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00037-00009132-00009431 who who control business that they have
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00038-00009432-00009659 a different imperative and they have to
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00039-00009660-00009869 because their their objective is to
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00040-00009870-00010174 increase their profits year by year
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00041-00010175-00010355 which means increasing their market
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00042-00010356-00010673 share and that has to take be more
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00043-00010674-00010999 important for them than then climate
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00044-00011000-00011198 change because if they don't increase
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00045-00011199-00011459 their profits in the next 12 months the
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00046-00011460-00011645 investment will go to someone else yeah
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00047-00011646-00011869 so there's a isn't it there's a built-in
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00048-00011870-00012178 demand exactly that priorities
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00049-00012179-00012481 prioritizes profit over over over
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00050-00012482-00012719 everything else environmental issues
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00051-00012720-00013216 labor issues international law
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00052-00013218-00013486 over everything and that that's why it
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00053-00013487-00013694 is such a destructive economic system
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00054-00013694-00014089 yeah yeah I mean it's it's actually what
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00055-00014090-00014261 we're we're trying to fight here in the
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00056-00014262-00014447 Parliament is trying to make sure that
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00057-00014447-00014669 you know people and and the environment
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00058-00014669-00014884 are more important than the profits of
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00059-00014885-00015074 big corporations yes basically what we
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00060-00015075-00015350 stand for can I ask you something about
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00061-00015351-00015709 this yes well the founding document of
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00062-00015710-00015892 the European Union says it's based on
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00063-00015893-00016175 the free market yes well if you are to
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00064-00016176-00016592 challenge the priority of profit how can
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00065-00016593-00016819 that coexist with the free market well
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00066-00016820-00017056 all success which I find very inspiring
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00067-00017057-00017327 that the free market has to be there for
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00068-00017328-00017567 the people and it has to be better for
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00069-00017568-00017758 the people what's the internal market
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00070-00017759-00017936 does and I think that the way that we
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00071-00017937-00018211 have designed the internal market is not
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00072-00018212-00018494 a social way it's not a way that puts
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00073-00018495-00018680 people forward but it could have been we
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00074-00018681-00018820 could have made it made it a really
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00075-00018821-00019028 social market we could have made sure
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00076-00019029-00019372 that we we made boundaries to be
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00077-00019373-00019600 corporations to make profits to make
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00078-00019601-00019768 sure that they paid our taxes and we
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00079-00019769-00020075 could have made sure that we actually
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00080-00020076-00020272 made sure that all the people will have
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00081-00020273-00020458 the social rights that they deserve
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00082-00020459-00020711 within this internal market and I think
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00083-00020712-00021083 that's something that is has been going
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00084-00021084-00021334 wrong in the way we have built the
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00085-00021335-00021611 market but it's not the market itself
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00086-00021612-00021889 and it's one thing that you see now that
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00087-00021890-00022064 is changing you see that the narrative
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00088-00022065-00022214 around this is changing we have been
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00089-00022215-00022471 trying to take away all the the
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00090-00022472-00022669 boundaries for big corporations you just
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00091-00022670-00022871 make profits and actually see now that
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00092-00022872-00023036 people are saying okay this is actually
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00093-00023037-00023215 not what we want and this is not the way
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00094-00023216-00023392 forward because this big has become a
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00095-00023393-00023599 race to the bottom and you see that
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00096-00023600-00023806 there's a change coming that people see
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00097-00023807-00023905 that we have to do things differently
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00098-00023906-00024196 and that we are now trying to go or you
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00099-00024197-00024530 know that's I think that's a I think
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00100-00024531-00024728 that there's a problem there because I
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00101-00024729-00025028 think the the inevitable nature of a
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00102-00025029-00025292 market is to break those rules
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00103-00025293-00025624 that's the imperative because they will
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00104-00025625-00025840 find ways around it and the gig economy
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00105-00025841-00026094 is a classic example we are in the EU
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00106-00026095-00026468 with a parent labor
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00107-00026469-00026801 rules to protect the rights of labor yet
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00108-00026802-00027008 in the gig economy with so-called
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00109-00027008-00027356 self-employment all these rights go so
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00110-00027357-00027554 you lose the eight-hour day you lose the
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00111-00027555-00028016 minimum wage because the the worker is
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00112-00028017-00028327 apparently an entrepreneur of course he
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00113-00028329-00028532 isn't it's a fiction but it's a where
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00114-00028533-00028832 the employers exploiting workers more so
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00115-00028833-00029039 my position would be I think be slightly
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00116-00029039-00029357 different to yours Kim which is that the
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00117-00029358-00029519 social market is a contradiction in
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00118-00029520-00029774 terms and marketers are markets and
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00119-00029775-00030158 marketers is priorities our profit
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00120-00030158-00030569 market share shareholder value you can't
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00121-00030570-00030788 you can't the line will not lie down
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00122-00030789-00031160 with the lamb you cannot to my mind and
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00123-00031161-00031658 this is where we comradely emphasize
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00124-00031658-00031904 different things to my mind the market
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00125-00031905-00032189 is essentially about exploitation I
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00126-00032189-00032561 think oh you can't change it I think the
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00127-00032562-00033056 capitalist markets and I think that if
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00128-00033057-00033251 we make sure that companies actually
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00129-00033252-00033395 divide the profit that they're making
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00130-00033396-00033614 and we divide it equally we can actually
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00131-00033615-00033776 move forward but you're talking about
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00132-00033777-00033971 common ownership then cooperatives
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00133-00033972-00034175 collective that sound love not
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00134-00034176-00034319 privately-owned yes
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00135-00034320-00034493 well for example you know like I think
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00136-00034494-00034724 that's a democracy within corporations
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00137-00034725-00034913 is something that we have to fight for
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00138-00034914-00035321 more and to make sure that people anyway
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00139-00035322-00035534 big subject yeah I had another question
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00140-00035535-00035855 yeah so in I Daniel Blake you showed how
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00141-00035856-00036050 social welfare systems are correcting
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00142-00036051-00036329 people instead of helping them out and I
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00143-00036330-00036551 remember I felt so angry after seeing
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00144-00036552-00036809 this boofie but like I cursed as soon as
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00145-00036810-00036940 two credits started growing and I think
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00146-00036941-00037310 that never happened to me before and and
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00147-00037311-00037544 it makes also it made me really want to
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00148-00037545-00037856 do something about this and and is that
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00149-00037857-00038045 actually the reaction you try to provoke
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00150-00038046-00038255 do you try to make people want to fight
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00151-00038256-00038630 to change society um I think the first
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00152-00038631-00039146 thing is is to to rector's to recognize
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00153-00039147-00039549 that this is this is true and and
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00154-00039550-00039750 enjoy the story of these people and to
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00155-00039751-00040014 enjoy meeting them and to be feel the
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00156-00040015-00040188 the view of the world is slightly
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00157-00040189-00040428 expanded and and that the moment by
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00158-00040429-00040650 moment it's engaging you know you care
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00159-00040651-00040866 about the people yeah you laugh with
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00160-00040867-00041046 them if these or smile of them or you
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00161-00041047-00041499 you weep of them and and and have a view
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00162-00041500-00041793 into the characters dilemmas and choices
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00163-00041794-00042111 and limp and expectations and then out
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00164-00042112-00042297 of that then there are wider questions
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00165-00042298-00042819 social questions and yes if it's if
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00166-00042820-00043065 there's an intolerable situation and I
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00167-00043066-00043251 think there are there are intolerable
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00168-00043252-00043494 situations in in that story and and in
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00169-00043495-00043872 this one then why are they there in
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00170-00043873-00044160 whose interest do they exist and and how
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00171-00044161-00044328 do we challenge them how do we change
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00172-00044329-00044850 them what are our strengths so yes all
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00173-00044851-00045140 all those questions really but I think I
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00174-00045141-00045606 think if it if it were reduced to a to a
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00175-00045607-00046014 program you know or a kind of political
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00176-00046015-00046443 set away it would be don't be propaganda
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00177-00046444-00046620 and that's not a very good film I mean
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00178-00046621-00046788 this one's about families as well it's
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00179-00046789-00047001 about relationships between fathers and
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00180-00047002-00047367 sons and how different parents play
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00181-00047368-00047671 different roles within families so you
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00182-00047672-00047964 hope it's about the human condition not
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00183-00047965-00048600 know with political implications in them
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00184-00048601-00048762 in sorry we missed you you're signing
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00185-00048763-00048975 the light on the platform economy and
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00186-00048976-00049196 yeah the devastating effect it has on
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00187-00049197-00049515 people and and their families and we see
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00188-00049516-00049653 that this platform work is really under
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00189-00049654-00049851 rice in Europe and that workers lack
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00190-00049852-00050232 basic social protection why did you pick
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00191-00050233-00050487 this specific subject for your fair and
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00192-00050488-00050661 well with me doing the previous film
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00193-00050662-00050862 which was about as you say about people
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00194-00050863-00051227 getting small amounts of money from the
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00195-00051228-00051566 states to survive the government our
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00196-00051567-00051687 government the British government was
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00197-00051688-00052050 using this as a as a deterrent for
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00198-00052051-00052320 people to say not not to claim benefits
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00199-00052321-00052544 they wanted to cut the benefits they
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00200-00052545-00052757 were paying so they they made it as
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00201-00052758-00052910 difficult as possible and
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00202-00052911-00053171 punishing and they they use hunger as a
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00203-00053172-00053513 weapon and so we've got a massive
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00204-00053514-00053713 increase in what we call food banks
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00205-00053714-00053921 which is where charities give food to
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00206-00053922-00054112 who would otherwise starve
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00207-00054113-00054382 we did some research into those when we
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00208-00054383-00054638 were making our daniel blake and we
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00209-00054639-00054854 found of course a lot of people get into
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00210-00054854-00055063 food banks are working they're working
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00211-00055064-00055448 and the working poor is now is a is a
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00212-00055449-00055891 big feature in our societies so we
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00213-00055892-00056060 thought well maybe that's the next story
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00214-00056061-00056423 and it is about just about the working
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00215-00056424-00056737 poor the danger of debt the fear of debt
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00216-00056738-00056963 the problems are finding somewhere to
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00217-00056964-00057373 live and also the destruction of our
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00218-00057374-00057740 family life because if you've got two
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00219-00057741-00057913 parents and they're both working on
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00220-00057914-00058187 either zero hours contracts no job
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00221-00058188-00058550 security poverty wages they're working
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00222-00058551-00058715 ten twelve hours a day
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00223-00058716-00058997 they dented the children you know and
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00224-00058998-00059266 the mother is i think many women will
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00225-00059266-00059597 say will they will understand this
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00226-00059598-00059786 they're trying to tell their kids you
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00227-00059787-00060137 know do you home on the phone the food
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00228-00060138-00060318 is in the fridge put it in the oven
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00229-00060319-00060706 don't spend all night on the computer do
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00230-00060707-00060976 your homework be in bed when i get home
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00231-00060977-00061334 you know old all the things and the
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00232-00061335-00061613 woman is toned I'm torn you know trying
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00233-00061614-00061756 to do our work and trying to bring up a
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00234-00061757-00062216 family and then can we don't conclude
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00235-00062216-00062429 that in general our governments are
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00236-00062429-00062638 neglecting their tasks to protect people
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00237-00062639-00062880 and sure the well-being of its citizens
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00238-00062882-00063179 the government see their task is project
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00239-00063179-00063430 protecting business they didn't see
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00240-00063432-00063706 their task is protecting the people the
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00241-00063707-00063848 the writer in government's our
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00242-00063849-00063994 government to be a fairly conservative
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00243-00063995-00064213 government for 10 years they and Blair
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00244-00064214-00064541 before him Tony Blair and Gordon Brown
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00245-00064541-00064850 their prime duty was to make business
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00246-00064851-00065348 successful secondary was taking care of
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00247-00065349-00065735 people secondary and I think we we don't
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00248-00065736-00065980 judge politics correctly if we think
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00249-00065981-00066254 they get elected in order to protect
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00250-00066255-00066569 people they don't they believe in a
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00251-00066570-00066901 system in which production for private
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00252-00066902-00067265 profit is progressive therefore that has
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00253-00067266-00067538 to work and if the bosses make enough
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00254-00067539-00067868 money you can get some taxation to look
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00255-00067869-00068099 after everyone else and the casualties
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00256-00068100-00068534 of their system but very ironic when
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00257-00068535-00068897 Tony Blair was elected first in members
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00258-00068898-00069194 in 1994 I think on 97 that come to
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00259-00069195-00069548 memories he had a slope 94 94 God my
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00260-00069549-00069923 memory he had a slogan and he went it
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00261-00069924-00070229 was Labor means business you know and in
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00262-00070230-00070375 English that means it can mean you
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00263-00070376-00070541 rolling your sleeve up you mean business
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00264-00070542-00070781 Benanti he made business big business
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00265-00070782-00071234 and and I think we because he ran on on
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00266-00071235-00071450 a Left ticket you know the Labour Party
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00267-00071451-00071719 left ticket people were fooled into
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00268-00071720-00071956 thinking this is a man whose government
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00269-00071957-00072197 will protect people he did the opposite
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00270-00072198-00072644 and it opened them to exploitation and
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00271-00072645-00072832 of course the Tories are only too
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00272-00072833-00073188 pleased to do the same so I think they
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00273-00073189-00073412 it's I think it's a matter of political
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00274-00073413-00073610 analysis they are there to protect
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00275-00073611-00074090 business that's their function so what
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00276-00074091-00074285 would you expect from a politician like
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00277-00074286-00075232 me to actually change them well I think
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00278-00075233-00075530 Spector last well and well I think I
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00279-00075531-00075740 think first of all and I'm sure you've
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00280-00075741-00075848 done then this would sound patronizing
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00281-00075849-00076091 and it doesn't mean to me but I'm sure
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00282-00076092-00076268 it doesn't apply to you but I think the
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00283-00076269-00076526 first thing is read history read history
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00284-00076527-00076811 to every everyone who purports to be on
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00285-00076812-00077042 the left you've got to read history you
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00286-00077043-00077290 know you've got to know that the the
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00287-00077291-00077549 irreconcilability of two classes in
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00288-00077550-00077824 society is based on that conflict and
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00289-00077825-00078068 then you've got a plan how you take
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00290-00078069-00078440 power and you you can you really room
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00291-00078441-00078803 yes you can make little changes you can
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00292-00078804-00079004 adapt things you can put in regulations
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00293-00079005-00079187 but in the end it's like water running
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00294-00079188-00079475 downhill you put a dam which is a rate
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00295-00079476-00079616 of regulation the water
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00296-00079617-00079859 we'll find its way around this you know
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00297-00079860-00080176 which is British capital so I think to
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00298-00080177-00080413 me I think you start by reading history
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00299-00080414-00080701 you work out how how you how you take
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00300-00080702-00081050 power and then then that's the strategic
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00301-00081051-00081262 aim you pursue and then you reorganize
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00302-00081263-00081436 Society on the basis of common ownership
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00303-00081437-00081878 common interests and to make that make
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00304-00081879-00082115 work and the planet and production work
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00305-00082116-00082424 for people and I think that that could
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00306-00082425-00082600 seem a long way off you know back in the
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00307-00082601-00082850 19th century in the 20th century they
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00308-00082851-00082979 you know better than I do
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00309-00082980-00083210 now there is an imperative because we're
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00310-00083211-00083528 on like we've never had before there's
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00311-00083529-00083750 an end game and the end game is the
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00312-00083751-00084025 destruction of the planet and so we
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00313-00084026-00084341 don't have time to mess around you know
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00314-00084342-00084521 with social democracy a little
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00315-00084522-00084755 regulation here regulation there you've
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00316-00084756-00084875 got to get you good to go for the big
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00317-00084876-00085150 one does it take power well I'm very
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00318-00085151-00085375 sorry that there's many many young
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00319-00085376-00085592 people now in this Parliament like me
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00320-00085593-00085829 that are really ready to fight our
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00321-00085830-00086009 future and for the future future
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00322-00086010-00086431 generations and we're best and to make
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00323-00086432-00086696 sure that both the social components of
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00324-00086697-00086879 the European Union and the planet in
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00325-00086880-00087137 general good ru alongside the workers in
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00326-00087138-00087331 France fighting macro of course you
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00327-00087332-00087560 gotta be I mean everybody if they're not
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00328-00087561-00087749 if they're not alongside them they're
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00329-00087750-00087826 not on the left
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00330-00087827-00088340 yes very good well thank you so much for
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00331-00088341-00088568 having this interview okay thanks about
+24Rp16Lh0rA-00332-00088569-00089020 yeah good nice to meet you yes
+2553j3bqWay-00000-00000038-00000308 decree dolls epistle I decree tales are
+2553j3bqWay-00001-00000309-00000476 letters of a pope that formulate
+2553j3bqWay-00002-00000476-00000698 decisions in ecclesiastical law of the
+2553j3bqWay-00003-00000699-00000869 Catholic Church they are generally given
+2553j3bqWay-00004-00000869-00001070 an answer to consultations but are
+2553j3bqWay-00005-00001071-00001253 sometimes given due to the initiative of
+2553j3bqWay-00006-00001254-00001495 the Pope himself these furnished with
+2553j3bqWay-00007-00001496-00001676 the canons of the council's the chief
+2553j3bqWay-00008-00001677-00001862 source of the legislation of the church
+2553j3bqWay-00009-00001863-00002021 and formed the greater part of the
+2553j3bqWay-00010-00002022-00002240 corpus I you our eyes Canon eg before
+2553j3bqWay-00011-00002241-00002432 they were formally replaced by the Codex
+2553j3bqWay-00012-00002433-00002807 I you our eyes Canon eg of 1917 however
+2553j3bqWay-00013-00002808-00003062 Cardinal Pietro Gasperi led the papal
+2553j3bqWay-00014-00003063-00003229 Commission for the revision of canon law
+2553j3bqWay-00015-00003230-00003422 and later on published a guide to the
+2553j3bqWay-00016-00003422-00003733 phone test sources used in the 1917 code
+2553j3bqWay-00017-00003734-00004015 many canons in this code can easily be
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+2553j3bqWay-00020-00004395-00004694 well as roman law in themselves the
+2553j3bqWay-00021-00004695-00004852 medieval decree Dalls form a very
+2553j3bqWay-00022-00004853-00005029 special source which throws light on
+2553j3bqWay-00023-00005030-00005243 medieval conflicts and the approaches to
+2553j3bqWay-00024-00005244-00005452 their solution they are sometimes
+2553j3bqWay-00025-00005453-00005642 concerned with very important issues
+2553j3bqWay-00026-00005643-00005840 touching on many aspects of medieval
+2553j3bqWay-00027-00005841-00006034 life for example marriage or legal
+2553j3bqWay-00028-00006035-00006456 procedure
+2553j3bqWay-00029-00006458-00007003 topic definition and early history
+2553j3bqWay-00030-00007004-00007378 topic in a wider sense the Latin term
+2553j3bqWay-00031-00007379-00007615 decretal is in full a pistola DEKRA
+2553j3bqWay-00032-00007616-00007828 telus signifies a Pontifical letter
+2553j3bqWay-00033-00007829-00008041 containing a decretum or Pontifical
+2553j3bqWay-00034-00008042-00008341 decision in a narrower sense it denotes
+2553j3bqWay-00035-00008342-00008521 a decision on the matter of discipline
+2553j3bqWay-00036-00008522-00008797 in the strictest sense of the word it
+2553j3bqWay-00037-00008798-00008995 means a papal Reis crypt Reis crypt him
+2553j3bqWay-00038-00008996-00009172 an answer of the Pope when he has been
+2553j3bqWay-00039-00009173-00009343 appealed to or his advice has been
+2553j3bqWay-00040-00009344-00009622 sought on a matter of discipline papal
+2553j3bqWay-00041-00009623-00009757 decree doles are therefore not
+2553j3bqWay-00042-00009758-00009940 necessarily general laws of the church
+2553j3bqWay-00043-00009941-00010150 but frequently the Pope ordered the
+2553j3bqWay-00044-00010151-00010333 recipient of his letter to communicate
+2553j3bqWay-00045-00010334-00010543 the papal answer to the ecclesiastical
+2553j3bqWay-00046-00010544-00010717 authorities of the district to which he
+2553j3bqWay-00047-00010718-00010885 belonged and it was their duty than to
+2553j3bqWay-00048-00010886-00011092 act in conformity with that decree when
+2553j3bqWay-00049-00011093-00011389 analogous cases are us it is generally
+2553j3bqWay-00050-00011390-00011569 stated that the most ancient to creedal
+2553j3bqWay-00051-00011570-00011901 is the letter of pope st. service 384 to
+2553j3bqWay-00052-00011902-00012226 398 - huh Marius bishop of Tarragona in
+2553j3bqWay-00053-00012227-00012529 spain dating from 385 but it would seem
+2553j3bqWay-00054-00012530-00012685 that the document of the 4th century
+2553j3bqWay-00055-00012686-00012916 known as canons Romanorum at gallows
+2553j3bqWay-00056-00012916-00013159 episkopos is simply an epistle a decra
+2553j3bqWay-00057-00013160-00013419 Tallis of his predecessor Pope Damasus
+2553j3bqWay-00058-00013419-00013794 366 to 384 addressed to the bishops of
+2553j3bqWay-00059-00013795-00014080 gaul babbitt blood plus an c and a crate
+2553j3bqWay-00060-00014081-00014425 ail paris 1904 the decree tolls ought to
+2553j3bqWay-00061-00014426-00014581 be carefully distinguished from the
+2553j3bqWay-00062-00014582-00014766 canons of the council's from the Epistle
+2553j3bqWay-00063-00014768-00014991 dogmatic the Pontifical documents
+2553j3bqWay-00064-00014993-00015178 touching on Catholic doctrine from the
+2553j3bqWay-00065-00015179-00015438 constitutio nays or Pontifical documents
+2553j3bqWay-00066-00015440-00015655 given Motu Proprio documents issued by
+2553j3bqWay-00067-00015656-00015844 the pope without being asked or being
+2553j3bqWay-00068-00015844-00016183 consulted upon a subject finally under
+2553j3bqWay-00069-00016184-00016462 the name decree Dalls are known certain
+2553j3bqWay-00070-00016463-00016678 collections containing especially but
+2553j3bqWay-00071-00016679-00016897 not exclusively Pontifical decree dolls
+2553j3bqWay-00072-00016898-00017158 these are the canonical collections of a
+2553j3bqWay-00073-00017159-00017455 later date than the decretum of Gration
+2553j3bqWay-00074-00017456-00017734 about 1150 the commentators on these
+2553j3bqWay-00075-00017735-00017935 collections are named decretal lists in
+2553j3bqWay-00076-00017936-00018127 country distinction to the decra discs
+2553j3bqWay-00077-00018128-00018358 or those who commented upon the decretum
+2553j3bqWay-00078-00018359-00018628 of Gration eventually some of these
+2553j3bqWay-00079-00018629-00018750 collections received official
+2553j3bqWay-00080-00018751-00018969 recognition they form what is now known
+2553j3bqWay-00081-00018970-00019239 as the corpus juris canon Ichi an
+2553j3bqWay-00082-00019240-00019477 account follows of the collections of
+2553j3bqWay-00083-00019478-00019663 decree dolls particularly of those of
+2553j3bqWay-00084-00019664-00019953 Pope Gregory the ninth decree dolls are
+2553j3bqWay-00085-00019954-00020152 known by the first two Latin words that
+2553j3bqWay-00086-00020153-00020683 begin the letter called the incipit
+2553j3bqWay-00087-00020684-00021188 topic de creedal collections
+2553j3bqWay-00088-00021189-00021524 topic the early collections of decree
+2553j3bqWay-00089-00021525-00021644 dolls were not commissioned by the
+2553j3bqWay-00090-00021645-00021920 Pope's a number of bishops collected
+2553j3bqWay-00091-00021921-00022103 decree dolls and tried to organize them
+2553j3bqWay-00092-00022104-00022376 into collections burr shard of worms an
+2553j3bqWay-00093-00022377-00022571 Evo of char trees made influential
+2553j3bqWay-00094-00022572-00022796 collections from the collectio franca
+2553j3bqWay-00095-00022797-00023075 for Tana around 1180 onwards collections
+2553j3bqWay-00096-00023076-00023282 get a more systematic character and a
+2553j3bqWay-00097-00023283-00023492 school appears the decretal lists who
+2553j3bqWay-00098-00023493-00023711 compiled organize and study the decree
+2553j3bqWay-00099-00023712-00023993 dolls is the basis of canon law in quick
+2553j3bqWay-00100-00023994-00024197 succession for so called compiled a
+2553j3bqWay-00101-00024198-00024539 Sione's appeared between 1191 and 12:26
+2553j3bqWay-00102-00024540-00024713 as a sign of the growing importance of
+2553j3bqWay-00103-00024714-00024992 papal decree dolls the fifth compilation
+2553j3bqWay-00104-00024993-00025211 the compiled a co Quinta was made by the
+2553j3bqWay-00105-00025212-00025457 canonist an craite d about twelve thirty
+2553j3bqWay-00106-00025458-00025736 five for hen aureus the third in 1226
+2553j3bqWay-00107-00025737-00025889 who send it immediately to the
+2553j3bqWay-00108-00025889-00026164 University of Bologna it was organized
+2553j3bqWay-00109-00026166-00026489 into five books Pope Gregory the ninth
+2553j3bqWay-00110-00026489-00026651 commissioned the Dominican Raymond of
+2553j3bqWay-00111-00026652-00026831 pena firt to edit a comprehensive
+2553j3bqWay-00112-00026832-00027077 collection of papal decree dolls this
+2553j3bqWay-00113-00027077-00027308 collection of nearly 2,000 decree dolls
+2553j3bqWay-00114-00027308-00027560 appeared in 1234 as the decretals
+2553j3bqWay-00115-00027561-00027779 Gregori ex also known as the library
+2553j3bqWay-00116-00027780-00027986 extra which was also immediately sent to
+2553j3bqWay-00117-00027987-00028264 the universities of Bologna in Paris in
+2553j3bqWay-00118-00028264-00028382 1298
+2553j3bqWay-00119-00028383-00028574 Pope Boniface the eighth published the
+2553j3bqWay-00120-00028575-00028850 next major collection of decree dolls he
+2553j3bqWay-00121-00028851-00029024 entrusted three canonists with its
+2553j3bqWay-00122-00029025-00029245 redaction this collection is known as
+2553j3bqWay-00123-00029247-00029600 the LIBOR Sextus in the 14th century a
+2553j3bqWay-00124-00029601-00029786 few small collections followed the
+2553j3bqWay-00125-00029787-00029963 Constitution as Clementina or
+2553j3bqWay-00126-00029964-00030269 clementines 1317 edited by anastasiya
+2553j3bqWay-00127-00030270-00030595 stramonium published by pope john xxii
+2553j3bqWay-00128-00030597-00030782 in the extravagant ease johannes the
+2553j3bqWay-00129-00030783-00031283 22nd 1325 - 1327 collections are known
+2553j3bqWay-00130-00031283-00031483 as systematic or primitive the chief
+2553j3bqWay-00131-00031485-00031685 distinguishing characteristic being the
+2553j3bqWay-00132-00031686-00031852 use of headings to organize the work
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+2553j3bqWay-00135-00032516-00032792 topic Quinn K compiled a Sione's
+2553j3bqWay-00136-00032793-00033222 antiquate Eliam
+2553j3bqWay-00137-00033223-00033657 topic the decretum of Gration was
+2553j3bqWay-00138-00033658-00033822 considered in the middle of the 12th
+2553j3bqWay-00139-00033823-00034035 century as a corpus juris cannon ichi
+2553j3bqWay-00140-00034036-00034380 i.e a code of the ecclesiastical laws
+2553j3bqWay-00141-00034381-00034650 then enforce as such however it was
+2553j3bqWay-00142-00034651-00034851 incomplete and many new laws were made
+2553j3bqWay-00143-00034852-00035076 by succeeding popes hence the necessity
+2553j3bqWay-00144-00035077-00035298 of new collections five of these
+2553j3bqWay-00145-00035299-00035487 collections exhibited Pontifical
+2553j3bqWay-00146-00035488-00035802 legislation from the decretum of Gration
+2553j3bqWay-00147-00035803-00035999 to the pontificate of Gregory the ninth
+2553j3bqWay-00148-00036000-00036456 1152 1227 these are known as the quinn k
+2553j3bqWay-00149-00036457-00036668 compiled a Sione's antique way on
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+2553j3bqWay-00151-00036874-00037074 made the text of canonical instruction
+2553j3bqWay-00152-00037075-00037293 at the University of Bologna and likethe
+2553j3bqWay-00153-00037294-00037587 decretum of Gration were glossed notes
+2553j3bqWay-00154-00037588-00037746 bearing on the explanation and
+2553j3bqWay-00155-00037747-00037944 interpretation of the text were added to
+2553j3bqWay-00156-00037945-00038256 the manuscripts the first collection de
+2553j3bqWay-00157-00038257-00038583 rivier 'i'm extravagant 'i'm or summary
+2553j3bqWay-00158-00038584-00038763 of the decree Dalls not contained in the
+2553j3bqWay-00159-00038764-00039084 decretum of Gration the ghonte x' extra
+2553j3bqWay-00160-00039085-00039276 decretum was compiled by bernard of
+2553j3bqWay-00161-00039277-00039738 Pavia in 1187 to 1191 it contains papal
+2553j3bqWay-00162-00039739-00039894 decree Dalls to the pontificate of
+2553j3bqWay-00163-00039895-00040260 clement the third inclusive 1187 to 1191
+2553j3bqWay-00164-00040261-00040497 the compilation known as the third
+2553j3bqWay-00165-00040498-00040722 compiled a co terza written however
+2553j3bqWay-00166-00040723-00040929 prior to the second collection compiled
+2553j3bqWay-00167-00040930-00041169 a co Secunda contains the documents of
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+2553j3bqWay-00169-00041308-00041493 pontificate of innocent the third the
+2553j3bqWay-00170-00041494-00041841 8th of January 11 98 the 7th of January
+2553j3bqWay-00171-00041842-00042054 1210 which are of a later date than
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+2553j3bqWay-00174-00042427-00042597 Dalls of Clement the 3rd and Celestine
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+2553j3bqWay-00177-00043390-00043551 of the legislation of the roman church
+2553j3bqWay-00178-00043552-00043794 for it was composed by cardinal Petra
+2553j3bqWay-00179-00043795-00044007 Scala Vasilis of Benevento by order of
+2553j3bqWay-00180-00044008-00044361 innocent the third 1198 - 1216 by whom
+2553j3bqWay-00181-00044362-00044574 it was approved in the bull devotion
+2553j3bqWay-00182-00044575-00044927 evaced ray of the 28th of December 1210
+2553j3bqWay-00183-00044928-00045215 the second compilation also called
+2553j3bqWay-00184-00045216-00045639 decretals media or decretals intermedia
+2553j3bqWay-00185-00045640-00045921 was the work of a private individual the
+2553j3bqWay-00186-00045922-00046137 englishman john of wales johannes de
+2553j3bqWay-00187-00046138-00046491 Alessio will Ensis or galantis around 12
+2553j3bqWay-00188-00046492-00046594 16 and
+2553j3bqWay-00189-00046595-00046819 known writer form de compiled a CEO
+2553j3bqWay-00190-00046820-00047083 kurta the fourth collection containing
+2553j3bqWay-00191-00047084-00047254 the decree Dalls of the pontificate of
+2553j3bqWay-00192-00047255-00047425 innocent the third which are of a later
+2553j3bqWay-00193-00047426-00047659 date than the seventh of January 12 10
+2553j3bqWay-00194-00047660-00047803 and the canons of the fourth Lateran
+2553j3bqWay-00195-00047804-00048160 Council held in 1215 finally the fifth
+2553j3bqWay-00196-00048161-00048331 compilation is like the third an
+2553j3bqWay-00197-00048332-00048526 official code compiled by order of
+2553j3bqWay-00198-00048527-00048880 Henault rias the third 1216 212 27 and
+2553j3bqWay-00199-00048881-00049117 approved by this pope in the bull Novik
+2553j3bqWay-00200-00049118-00049387 asaram twelve twenty six or twelve
+2553j3bqWay-00201-00049388-00049573 twenty seven
+2553j3bqWay-00202-00049574-00049801 it must also be noted that several of
+2553j3bqWay-00203-00049802-00049962 these collections contain two cradles
+2553j3bqWay-00204-00049963-00050193 anterior to the time of Gration but not
+2553j3bqWay-00205-00050194-00050512 inserted by him in the decretum bernard
+2553j3bqWay-00206-00050513-00050715 of Pavia divided his collection into
+2553j3bqWay-00207-00050716-00050896 five books arranged in titles and
+2553j3bqWay-00208-00050897-00051142 chapters the first book treats of
+2553j3bqWay-00209-00051143-00051373 persons possessing jurisdiction judex
+2553j3bqWay-00210-00051374-00051576 the second of the civil legal processes
+2553j3bqWay-00211-00051577-00051792 judicium the third of clerics and
+2553j3bqWay-00212-00051794-00052005 regulars klaris the fourth of marriage
+2553j3bqWay-00213-00052007-00052207 connubial the fifth of delinquencies and
+2553j3bqWay-00214-00052208-00052504 of Criminal Procedure crimen in the four
+2553j3bqWay-00215-00052504-00052690 other collections the same logical
+2553j3bqWay-00216-00052691-00052849 division of the subject matter was
+2553j3bqWay-00217-00052850-00053151 adopted for the text see fried bird Quin
+2553j3bqWay-00218-00053152-00053388 Kate compilation a zandig way Leipzig
+2553j3bqWay-00219-00053389-00053767 1882
+2553j3bqWay-00220-00053769-00054401 topic decretals Gregori ex
+2553j3bqWay-00221-00054402-00054751 topic Pope Gregory the ninth ordered in
+2553j3bqWay-00222-00054752-00055013 1230 his chaplain and confessor st.
+2553j3bqWay-00223-00055014-00055199 Raymond of Pena Forte Penna furred a
+2553j3bqWay-00224-00055200-00055397 dominican to form a new canonical
+2553j3bqWay-00225-00055398-00055555 collection destined to replace all
+2553j3bqWay-00226-00055557-00055932 former collections
+2553j3bqWay-00227-00055933-00056457 topic later collections
+2553j3bqWay-00228-00056458-00056796 topic the decree Dalls of the successors
+2553j3bqWay-00229-00056797-00056997 of Gregory the ninth were also arranged
+2553j3bqWay-00230-00056998-00057176 in collections of which several were
+2553j3bqWay-00231-00057177-00057357 official notably those of Pope's
+2553j3bqWay-00232-00057358-00057546 innocent the fourth Gregory the tenth
+2553j3bqWay-00233-00057547-00057719 and Nicholas the third who ordered their
+2553j3bqWay-00234-00057720-00057885 decree Dalls to be inserted among those
+2553j3bqWay-00235-00057886-00058137 of Gregory the ninth in addition to
+2553j3bqWay-00236-00058138-00058329 these several unofficial collections
+2553j3bqWay-00237-00058329-00058538 were drawn up the inconveniences which
+2553j3bqWay-00238-00058539-00058730 Gregory the ninth had wish to remedy
+2553j3bqWay-00239-00058732-00058976 presented themselves again for this
+2553j3bqWay-00240-00058977-00059166 reason Boniface the eighth made a new
+2553j3bqWay-00241-00059166-00059325 collection of decree dolls which he
+2553j3bqWay-00242-00059326-00059586 promulgated by the papal bull sacrosanct
+2553j3bqWay-00243-00059587-00059969 a of the 3rd of March 12 98 this is the
+2553j3bqWay-00244-00059970-00060269 sexiest libor decretal ium it has a
+2553j3bqWay-00245-00060270-00060450 value similar to that of the decree
+2553j3bqWay-00246-00060451-00060592 dolls of Gregory the ninth
+2553j3bqWay-00247-00060594-00060840 Boniface the eighth abrogated all the
+2553j3bqWay-00248-00060841-00061029 decree Dalls of the Pope's subsequent to
+2553j3bqWay-00249-00061029-00061185 the appearance of the decree dolls of
+2553j3bqWay-00250-00061186-00061325 Gregory the ninth which were not
+2553j3bqWay-00251-00061326-00061529 included or maintained enforced by the
+2553j3bqWay-00252-00061530-00061698 new collection but as this collection
+2553j3bqWay-00253-00061699-00061892 later than that of Gregory the ninth it
+2553j3bqWay-00254-00061894-00062081 modifies those decisions of the latter
+2553j3bqWay-00255-00062082-00062279 collection which are irreconcilable with
+2553j3bqWay-00256-00062280-00062625 its own Clement v also undertook to make
+2553j3bqWay-00257-00062626-00062775 an official collection but death
+2553j3bqWay-00258-00062776-00062954 prevented him from perfecting this work
+2553j3bqWay-00259-00062955-00063219 his collection was published by john
+2553j3bqWay-00260-00063220-00063603 xxii on the 25th of october 1317 under
+2553j3bqWay-00261-00063604-00063857 the title of library Septimus decretal
+2553j3bqWay-00262-00063858-00064062 IAM but it is better known under the
+2553j3bqWay-00263-00064063-00064454 name of constitución as Clementis V or
+2553j3bqWay-00264-00064454-00064725 Clementina this is the last official
+2553j3bqWay-00265-00064726-00064955 collection of decree dolls the two
+2553j3bqWay-00266-00064957-00065151 following collections the last in the
+2553j3bqWay-00267-00065152-00065456 corpus juris Canon each II are the work
+2553j3bqWay-00268-00065457-00065713 of private individuals they are called
+2553j3bqWay-00269-00065714-00065969 extravagant E's because they are not
+2553j3bqWay-00270-00065970-00066204 included in the official collections the
+2553j3bqWay-00271-00066205-00066462 first contains 20 constitutions of John
+2553j3bqWay-00272-00066463-00066750 the 22nd and his name extravagant eyes
+2553j3bqWay-00273-00066751-00067073 Joe and is 22 the second is called
+2553j3bqWay-00274-00067074-00067374 extravagant ease communes and contains
+2553j3bqWay-00275-00067375-00067530 the decree Dalls of different popes
+2553j3bqWay-00276-00067531-00067734 commonly met within the manuscripts and
+2553j3bqWay-00277-00067735-00067938 editions they were brought to their
+2553j3bqWay-00278-00067939-00068217 modern form by jean ship we in 1500 and
+2553j3bqWay-00279-00068218-00068676 1503
+2553j3bqWay-00280-00068677-00069200 topic extravagant ease
+2553j3bqWay-00281-00069201-00069722 topic this term Latin extra outside plus
+2553j3bqWay-00282-00069723-00070007 vagary to wander is employed to
+2553j3bqWay-00283-00070008-00070193 designate some papal decree Dalls not
+2553j3bqWay-00284-00070194-00070355 contained in certain canonical
+2553j3bqWay-00285-00070356-00070499 collections which possess a special
+2553j3bqWay-00286-00070500-00070685 Authority they're not found in the
+2553j3bqWay-00287-00070686-00070877 decree of Gration or the three official
+2553j3bqWay-00288-00070878-00071156 collections of that corpus juris the
+2553j3bqWay-00289-00071157-00071339 decree Dalls of Gregory the ninth the
+2553j3bqWay-00290-00071340-00071504 sixth book of the decree Dalls in the
+2553j3bqWay-00291-00071505-00071807 clementines the term was first applied
+2553j3bqWay-00292-00071808-00072014 to those papal documents which Gration
+2553j3bqWay-00293-00072015-00072295 had not inserted in his decree about
+2553j3bqWay-00294-00072296-00072569 1140 but yet were obligatory upon the
+2553j3bqWay-00295-00072570-00072764 whole church also to other decree Dalls
+2553j3bqWay-00296-00072765-00072932 of a later date and possessed of the
+2553j3bqWay-00297-00072933-00073178 same authority bernard of Pavia
+2553j3bqWay-00298-00073179-00073427 designated under the name of bravi areum
+2553j3bqWay-00299-00073428-00073705 extravagant ium or digest of the
+2553j3bqWay-00300-00073706-00074009 extravagant ease the collection of papal
+2553j3bqWay-00301-00074010-00074270 documents which he compiled between 1187
+2553j3bqWay-00302-00074271-00074573 and 1191 even the decree Dalls of
+2553j3bqWay-00303-00074574-00074825 gregory the knight published 1234 were
+2553j3bqWay-00304-00074826-00075170 long known as the library or collectio
+2553j3bqWay-00305-00075171-00075440 extra ie the collection of the canonical
+2553j3bqWay-00306-00075441-00075715 laws not contained in the decree of
+2553j3bqWay-00307-00075716-00076064 Gration this term is now applied to the
+2553j3bqWay-00308-00076065-00076292 collections known as the extravagant
+2553j3bqWay-00309-00076293-00076658 ease Joanne is 22 and the extravagant
+2553j3bqWay-00310-00076659-00076919 ease communes both of which are found in
+2553j3bqWay-00311-00076920-00077177 all editions of the corpus juris Canon
+2553j3bqWay-00312-00077178-00077666 Ichi when pope john xxii 13 16 to 13 34
+2553j3bqWay-00313-00077667-00077867 published the decree Dalls known as the
+2553j3bqWay-00314-00077868-00078068 clementines there already existed some
+2553j3bqWay-00315-00078069-00078311 Pontifical documents obligatory upon the
+2553j3bqWay-00316-00078312-00078482 whole church but not included in the
+2553j3bqWay-00317-00078483-00078611 corpus juris
+2553j3bqWay-00318-00078612-00078839 this is why these decree dolls were
+2553j3bqWay-00319-00078840-00079166 called extravagant ease their number was
+2553j3bqWay-00320-00079167-00079343 increased by the inclusion of all the
+2553j3bqWay-00321-00079344-00079565 Pontifical laws of later date added to
+2553j3bqWay-00322-00079566-00079826 the manuscripts of the corpus juris or
+2553j3bqWay-00323-00079827-00080146 gathered into separate collections in
+2553j3bqWay-00324-00080147-00080483 1325 Zen Salinas dick hasani's added a
+2553j3bqWay-00325-00080484-00080726 gloss to 20 constitutions of Pope John
+2553j3bqWay-00326-00080727-00080975 the 22nd and named this collection the
+2553j3bqWay-00327-00080976-00081290 GMT extravagant ease path Joanne is 22
+2553j3bqWay-00328-00081291-00081590 the others were known as extravagant
+2553j3bqWay-00329-00081591-00081878 ease communes a title given to the
+2553j3bqWay-00330-00081879-00082046 collection by jean-jacques we in the
+2553j3bqWay-00331-00082047-00082397 Paris edition of the corpus juris 1 4 9
+2553j3bqWay-00332-00082398-00082616 9 1 505
+2553j3bqWay-00333-00082617-00082835 he adopted the systematic order of the
+2553j3bqWay-00334-00082836-00083033 official collections of canon law and
+2553j3bqWay-00335-00083034-00083224 classified in a similar way the
+2553j3bqWay-00336-00083225-00083560 extravagant ease commonly met with pence
+2553j3bqWay-00337-00083561-00083834 extravagant ease communes in the
+2553j3bqWay-00338-00083835-00084071 manuscripts and editions of the corpus
+2553j3bqWay-00339-00084072-00084230 juris
+2553j3bqWay-00340-00084231-00084475 this collection contains decree Dalls of
+2553j3bqWay-00341-00084476-00084676 the Pope's Martin the 4th Boniface the
+2553j3bqWay-00342-00084677-00084890 8th notably the celebrated bull and Nam
+2553j3bqWay-00343-00084891-00085286 sanctum Benedict xi clement v john xxii
+2553j3bqWay-00344-00085287-00085525 benedict the 12th clement the 6th urban
+2553j3bqWay-00345-00085526-00085576 the 5th
+2553j3bqWay-00346-00085577-00085805 martin the 5th Eugene the 4th Callistus
+2553j3bqWay-00347-00085806-00086026 3 Paul the 2nd and 6th is the fourth
+2553j3bqWay-00348-00086027-00086499 1281 to 1484 ship we also classified the
+2553j3bqWay-00349-00086500-00086891 extravagant ease of john xxii under 14
+2553j3bqWay-00350-00086892-00087117 titles containing in all twenty chapters
+2553j3bqWay-00351-00087118-00087365 these two collections are of lesser
+2553j3bqWay-00352-00087366-00087536 value than the three others which form
+2553j3bqWay-00353-00087537-00087866 the corpus juris Canon Ichi they possess
+2553j3bqWay-00354-00087867-00088079 no official value nor has custom
+2553j3bqWay-00355-00088080-00088342 bestowed such on them on the other hand
+2553j3bqWay-00356-00088343-00088529 many of the decree Dalls comprised in
+2553j3bqWay-00357-00088530-00088744 them contain legislation obligatory upon
+2553j3bqWay-00358-00088745-00088892 the whole church such as the
+2553j3bqWay-00359-00088893-00089234 constitution of paul ii ambitious which
+2553j3bqWay-00360-00089235-00089471 forbade the alienation of ecclesiastical
+2553j3bqWay-00361-00089472-00089711 goods this is however not true of all of
+2553j3bqWay-00362-00089712-00089885 them some had even been formally
+2553j3bqWay-00363-00089886-00090079 abrogated at the time when ship we made
+2553j3bqWay-00364-00090080-00090250 his collection three decree Dalls of
+2553j3bqWay-00365-00090251-00090463 john xxii or reproduced in both
+2553j3bqWay-00366-00090464-00090746 collections both the collections were
+2553j3bqWay-00367-00090747-00091034 printed in the official 1582 edition of
+2553j3bqWay-00368-00091035-00091349 the corpus juris canon Ichi this
+2553j3bqWay-00369-00091350-00091537 explains the favour they enjoyed among
+2553j3bqWay-00370-00091538-00091768 canonists for a critical text of these
+2553j3bqWay-00371-00091769-00092042 collections see Fryeburg corpus juris
+2553j3bqWay-00372-00092043-00092332 canon ichi leipzig one eight seven nine
+2553j3bqWay-00373-00092333-00092795 one eight eight one two
+2553j3bqWay-00374-00092796-00093323 topic false decree dolls
+2553j3bqWay-00375-00093324-00093679 topic the sudo is a durian decree Dalls
+2553j3bqWay-00376-00093680-00093856 or false decree dolls are a set of
+2553j3bqWay-00377-00093857-00094054 extensive and influential medieval
+2553j3bqWay-00378-00094055-00094255 forgeries written by a scholar or group
+2553j3bqWay-00379-00094256-00094529 of scholars known as pseudo Isadora they
+2553j3bqWay-00380-00094530-00094721 aim to defend the position of bishops
+2553j3bqWay-00381-00094722-00094912 against metropolitans and secular
+2553j3bqWay-00382-00094913-00095149 authorities by creating false documents
+2553j3bqWay-00383-00095150-00095338 purportedly authored by early popes
+2553j3bqWay-00384-00095339-00095548 together with interpolated conciliar
+2553j3bqWay-00385-00095549-00095962 documents
+2553j3bqWay-00386-00095963-00096440 topic citations
+2553j3bqWay-00387-00096441-00096834 topic
+2553j3bqWay-00388-00096835-00097350 topic references
+2553j3bqWay-00389-00097351-00097907 topic McGuirk jjn 1970 a dictionary of
+2553j3bqWay-00390-00097908-00098100 medieval terms for the use of history
+2553j3bqWay-00391-00098101-00098432 students Reigate UK Reigate press for
+2553j3bqWay-00392-00098433-00098823 st. Mary's College of Education OCLC one
+2553j3bqWay-00393-00098824-00098985 hundred thirty eight thousand eight
+2553j3bqWay-00394-00098986-00099467 hundred fifty eight
+2553j3bqWay-00395-00099468-00099924 external links
+2553j3bqWay-00396-00099925-00100355 topic papal decree Dalls Catholic
+2553j3bqWay-00397-00100356-00100801 Encyclopedia the 20th of February 2007
+2553j3bqWay-00398-00100802-00101087 extravagant E's Catholic Encyclopedia
+2553j3bqWay-00399-00101088-00101580 the 20th of February 2007 this article
+2553j3bqWay-00400-00101581-00101796 incorporates text from a publication now
+2553j3bqWay-00401-00101797-00101922 in the public domain
+2553j3bqWay-00402-00101923-00102281 herbermann charles ii d 1913 article
+2553j3bqWay-00403-00102282-00102608 name needed Catholic Encyclopedia New
+2553j3bqWay-00404-00102609-00102975 York Robert Appleton won intro text
+2553j3bqWay-00405-00102976-00103154 edition of the decree Dalls of Gregory
+2553j3bqWay-00406-00103155-00103440 the knight Latin
+26IL4HmpvoE-00000-00000016-00000303 things like big lips things like big
+26IL4HmpvoE-00001-00000304-00000582 uh bird that when black women used to
+26IL4HmpvoE-00002-00000583-00000647 have them
+26IL4HmpvoE-00003-00000648-00000911 used to call us primitive and just ugly
+26IL4HmpvoE-00004-00000911-00001103 but people are getting buttocks people
+26IL4HmpvoE-00005-00001104-00001158 are getting
+26IL4HmpvoE-00006-00001159-00001439 bpm's love big lips and to have big
+26IL4HmpvoE-00007-00001440-00001519 botox
+26IL4HmpvoE-00008-00001520-00002030 and to be tanned just like us
+26IL4HmpvoE-00009-00002032-00002975 [Music]
+26IL4HmpvoE-00010-00002976-00003142 hey guys and welcome back to my channel
+26IL4HmpvoE-00011-00003143-00003383 my name is sami jay and i'm so glad to
+26IL4HmpvoE-00012-00003384-00003454 have you
+26IL4HmpvoE-00013-00003455-00003670 back so you know this channel we're just
+26IL4HmpvoE-00014-00003671-00003831 trying to grow we're trying to be better
+26IL4HmpvoE-00015-00003832-00003895 people
+26IL4HmpvoE-00016-00003896-00004175 evaluate ourselves and break down some
+26IL4HmpvoE-00017-00004176-00004383 toxic and difficult cycles so
+26IL4HmpvoE-00018-00004384-00004702 literally while really growing up so
+26IL4HmpvoE-00019-00004703-00004775 today
+26IL4HmpvoE-00020-00004776-00004999 i want to talk about fashion trend
+26IL4HmpvoE-00021-00005000-00005102 beauty trends
+26IL4HmpvoE-00022-00005103-00005351 body shaming because i feel like society
+26IL4HmpvoE-00023-00005352-00005438 has set some
+26IL4HmpvoE-00024-00005439-00005638 standards that have become more
+26IL4HmpvoE-00025-00005639-00005831 detrimental to we women
+26IL4HmpvoE-00026-00005832-00006159 especially black women and throughout
+26IL4HmpvoE-00027-00006160-00006318 the process we have somehow
+26IL4HmpvoE-00028-00006319-00006598 lost our identity lost our roots and
+26IL4HmpvoE-00029-00006600-00006655 just
+26IL4HmpvoE-00030-00006656-00006903 lost everything that truly represents
+26IL4HmpvoE-00031-00006904-00007031 who we are
+26IL4HmpvoE-00032-00007031-00007375 first of all oh good when did it become
+26IL4HmpvoE-00033-00007376-00007710 okay for people to bash
+26IL4HmpvoE-00034-00007711-00008063 insult and look down on people for
+26IL4HmpvoE-00035-00008064-00008342 things they didn't choose things they
+26IL4HmpvoE-00036-00008343-00008414 can't change
+26IL4HmpvoE-00037-00008415-00008655 or control and things they didn't even
+26IL4HmpvoE-00038-00008656-00008719 ask for
+26IL4HmpvoE-00039-00008720-00008935 in the first place i've seen things like
+26IL4HmpvoE-00040-00008936-00009199 acne acne scars and blemishes
+26IL4HmpvoE-00041-00009200-00009503 being seen as ugly i've seen things like
+26IL4HmpvoE-00042-00009504-00009806 dark ties and dark armpits been seen
+26IL4HmpvoE-00043-00009807-00010119 been seen as nasty i've seen things like
+26IL4HmpvoE-00044-00010120-00010495 having body hair be seen as disgusting
+26IL4HmpvoE-00045-00010496-00010767 it's like every single thing about us is
+26IL4HmpvoE-00046-00010768-00010871 a problem from
+26IL4HmpvoE-00047-00010872-00011174 our hair to our teeth to our lips
+26IL4HmpvoE-00048-00011175-00011367 we have to change everything and natural
+26IL4HmpvoE-00049-00011368-00011519 hair is not beautiful
+26IL4HmpvoE-00050-00011520-00011823 unless we straighten it our edges needs
+26IL4HmpvoE-00051-00011824-00011919 to be lit
+26IL4HmpvoE-00052-00011920-00012135 it's either you're too thin you're too
+26IL4HmpvoE-00053-00012136-00012270 fat you're too dark
+26IL4HmpvoE-00054-00012271-00012559 you're too ugly but according to whole
+26IL4HmpvoE-00055-00012560-00012663 standards
+26IL4HmpvoE-00056-00012664-00013030 according to who because even before
+26IL4HmpvoE-00057-00013031-00013166 you told me i was too dark or my
+26IL4HmpvoE-00058-00013168-00013351 handpiece were too dark or whatsoever
+26IL4HmpvoE-00059-00013352-00013671 i didn't notice it i was okay in my skin
+26IL4HmpvoE-00060-00013672-00013943 but now you season standing outside
+26IL4HmpvoE-00061-00013944-00014135 being an outsider you're uncomfortable
+26IL4HmpvoE-00062-00014136-00014535 for me in my own skin
+26IL4HmpvoE-00063-00014536-00014919 now wow i am i am surely flabbergasted
+26IL4HmpvoE-00064-00014919-00015079 and it just made me remember a statement
+26IL4HmpvoE-00065-00015080-00015222 that barack
+26IL4HmpvoE-00066-00015223-00015391 said if you don't know barack obama just
+26IL4HmpvoE-00067-00015391-00015566 one of the members of sexy honda so and
+26IL4HmpvoE-00068-00015568-00016199 he said
+26IL4HmpvoE-00069-00016200-00016422 my english people you think i'm ugly
+26IL4HmpvoE-00070-00016423-00016511 your taste is
+26IL4HmpvoE-00071-00016512-00016671 work and i feel like we have to
+26IL4HmpvoE-00072-00016672-00016894 understand because who are you to tell
+26IL4HmpvoE-00073-00016895-00017039 me how i'm supposed to be
+26IL4HmpvoE-00074-00017040-00017199 who are you to tell me what i'm supposed
+26IL4HmpvoE-00075-00017200-00017391 to wear who are you to tell me how i'm
+26IL4HmpvoE-00076-00017392-00017519 supposed to look
+26IL4HmpvoE-00077-00017520-00017758 and as soon as people even start telling
+26IL4HmpvoE-00078-00017759-00017958 us things like that even before is that
+26IL4HmpvoE-00079-00017959-00018047 affecting us
+26IL4HmpvoE-00080-00018048-00018311 or having us second guess who we are
+26IL4HmpvoE-00081-00018312-00018407 just block
+26IL4HmpvoE-00082-00018408-00018694 just push them aside because honestly i
+26IL4HmpvoE-00083-00018695-00018871 don't understand how
+26IL4HmpvoE-00084-00018872-00019175 being more lighter or just being
+26IL4HmpvoE-00085-00019176-00019375 flawless and being perfect is the
+26IL4HmpvoE-00086-00019376-00019519 definition of beauty
+26IL4HmpvoE-00087-00019520-00019671 i don't i don't believe that i don't
+26IL4HmpvoE-00088-00019672-00019822 think that so
+26IL4HmpvoE-00089-00019823-00020111 we shouldn't even have to start fixating
+26IL4HmpvoE-00090-00020112-00020263 on those strengths we even shouldn't
+26IL4HmpvoE-00091-00020264-00020391 have to start
+26IL4HmpvoE-00092-00020392-00020567 beginning and debating on those
+26IL4HmpvoE-00093-00020568-00020799 standards we simply have to own
+26IL4HmpvoE-00094-00020800-00021030 who we are if you want to even notice
+26IL4HmpvoE-00095-00021031-00021111 that
+26IL4HmpvoE-00096-00021112-00021335 some of things that used to be done in
+26IL4HmpvoE-00097-00021336-00021583 the past have suddenly started coming
+26IL4HmpvoE-00098-00021584-00021671 back to trend
+26IL4HmpvoE-00099-00021672-00021943 things like wide leg pants as we call it
+26IL4HmpvoE-00100-00021944-00022039 patelly fan
+26IL4HmpvoE-00101-00022040-00022214 i've come back to train and it's now you
+26IL4HmpvoE-00102-00022215-00022407 know it's the deal you have to have a
+26IL4HmpvoE-00103-00022408-00022535 wire leg trouser
+26IL4HmpvoE-00104-00022536-00022847 and things like big lips things like big
+26IL4HmpvoE-00105-00022848-00023119 uh bird that when black women used to
+26IL4HmpvoE-00106-00023120-00023191 have them
+26IL4HmpvoE-00107-00023192-00023455 used to call us primitive and just ugly
+26IL4HmpvoE-00108-00023456-00023647 but people are getting buttocks people
+26IL4HmpvoE-00109-00023648-00023703 are getting
+26IL4HmpvoE-00110-00023704-00023983 bbm's love big lips and to have big
+26IL4HmpvoE-00111-00023984-00024063 botox
+26IL4HmpvoE-00112-00024064-00024519 and to be tanned just like us
+26IL4HmpvoE-00113-00024520-00024775 okay things like freckle people i know
+26IL4HmpvoE-00114-00024776-00024927 some people who have have freckles and
+26IL4HmpvoE-00115-00024928-00025071 they used to be very insecure because
+26IL4HmpvoE-00116-00025072-00025207 people thought like was your skin
+26IL4HmpvoE-00117-00025208-00025319 discoloration
+26IL4HmpvoE-00118-00025320-00025599 do you have a skin problem but today
+26IL4HmpvoE-00119-00025600-00025758 people are doing their makeup
+26IL4HmpvoE-00120-00025760-00026022 and drawing freckle marks on their face
+26IL4HmpvoE-00121-00026023-00026143 and i'm just like hey
+26IL4HmpvoE-00122-00026144-00026727 so say so don't give me jesus
+26IL4HmpvoE-00123-00026727-00026918 and even people who used to have gap
+26IL4HmpvoE-00124-00026919-00027095 teeth they were uncomfortable because
+26IL4HmpvoE-00125-00027095-00027262 it's like are you going to fix that are
+26IL4HmpvoE-00126-00027263-00027351 you going to
+26IL4HmpvoE-00127-00027352-00027543 like join your teeth back together but
+26IL4HmpvoE-00128-00027544-00027774 today just because a mother came out and
+26IL4HmpvoE-00129-00027775-00027951 she's maybe the first mother with a gap
+26IL4HmpvoE-00130-00027952-00028046 to it
+26IL4HmpvoE-00131-00028047-00028255 everybody people are even going to their
+26IL4HmpvoE-00132-00028256-00028502 doctors to open their teachers to have a
+26IL4HmpvoE-00133-00028504-00028639 gap tooth can you
+26IL4HmpvoE-00134-00028639-00028911 can you just sit and imagine the whole
+26IL4HmpvoE-00135-00028912-00029095 combination of the whole thing
+26IL4HmpvoE-00136-00029095-00029446 i'm i'm tired honestly so imagine
+26IL4HmpvoE-00137-00029447-00029551 yourself
+26IL4HmpvoE-00138-00029552-00029743 just because you're not secure in who
+26IL4HmpvoE-00139-00029744-00029918 you are you start following all the
+26IL4HmpvoE-00140-00029919-00030135 strengths you think you're going to cope
+26IL4HmpvoE-00141-00030136-00030351 you you're going to die honestly you
+26IL4HmpvoE-00142-00030352-00030439 kill yourself
+26IL4HmpvoE-00143-00030439-00030702 because society keeps changing society
+26IL4HmpvoE-00144-00030703-00030831 is never satisfied
+26IL4HmpvoE-00145-00030832-00031046 so why do you think you have to change
+26IL4HmpvoE-00146-00031047-00031270 yourself just because somebody else is
+26IL4HmpvoE-00147-00031272-00031374 you have to
+26IL4HmpvoE-00148-00031375-00031623 anyways my message today just to get
+26IL4HmpvoE-00149-00031624-00031758 this video short
+26IL4HmpvoE-00150-00031760-00032127 please love yourself love your skin
+26IL4HmpvoE-00151-00032127-00032470 love your your body love your blackness
+26IL4HmpvoE-00152-00032472-00032687 love everything about yourself and i
+26IL4HmpvoE-00153-00032688-00032790 know what you're seeing
+26IL4HmpvoE-00154-00032791-00033071 this beyonce song brown skin girl you're
+26IL4HmpvoE-00155-00033072-00033167 spinning just like
+26IL4HmpvoE-00156-00033168-00033399 pearls you don't just have to sing the
+26IL4HmpvoE-00157-00033400-00033607 song for singing sick mama
+26IL4HmpvoE-00158-00033608-00033895 take those lyrics and include it in your
+26IL4HmpvoE-00159-00033896-00034095 life like sing the songs and believe
+26IL4HmpvoE-00160-00034096-00034143 them
+26IL4HmpvoE-00161-00034144-00034455 on your crown on your beauty
+26IL4HmpvoE-00162-00034456-00034646 on your uniqueness because there is no
+26IL4HmpvoE-00163-00034647-00034774 one like you
+26IL4HmpvoE-00164-00034775-00034983 what you're going to change today
+26IL4HmpvoE-00165-00034984-00035207 tomorrow they're going to tell you hey
+26IL4HmpvoE-00166-00035208-00035343 finally it's beautiful so what are you
+26IL4HmpvoE-00167-00035344-00035479 going to do are you going to keep
+26IL4HmpvoE-00168-00035480-00035590 changing your body up and down just
+26IL4HmpvoE-00169-00035591-00035767 because society say so
+26IL4HmpvoE-00170-00035768-00036143 no please we have to learn especially we
+26IL4HmpvoE-00171-00036144-00036302 black women we have to learn to love
+26IL4HmpvoE-00172-00036303-00036439 ourselves fully
+26IL4HmpvoE-00173-00036440-00036671 wholly authentically like i will say
+26IL4HmpvoE-00174-00036672-00036862 this is me real and authentic and i
+26IL4HmpvoE-00175-00036863-00036911 really
+26IL4HmpvoE-00176-00036912-00037190 hope i keep this this fire i keep this
+26IL4HmpvoE-00177-00037191-00037374 confidence not to be like oh my god i
+26IL4HmpvoE-00178-00037375-00037527 need to be this to be that
+26IL4HmpvoE-00179-00037528-00037735 to be beautiful i need to be this to be
+26IL4HmpvoE-00180-00037736-00037918 seen as beautiful because i know god
+26IL4HmpvoE-00181-00037919-00038095 created me wonderfully
+26IL4HmpvoE-00182-00038096-00038374 beautifully and i'm owning everything so
+26IL4HmpvoE-00183-00038375-00038574 guys i hope you guys like this video
+26IL4HmpvoE-00184-00038575-00038774 if you want to see more videos like this
+26IL4HmpvoE-00185-00038775-00038983 encouraging motivating
+26IL4HmpvoE-00186-00038984-00039230 you know what to do like subscribe leave
+26IL4HmpvoE-00187-00039231-00039383 your comments to tell me what you like
+26IL4HmpvoE-00188-00039384-00039502 about this video and
+26IL4HmpvoE-00189-00039503-00039845 hopefully see you guys in my next video
+26IL4HmpvoE-00190-00039846-00040274 [Music]
+26IL4HmpvoE-00191-00040275-00040575 bye
+27TPQBrK0QU-00000-00000009-00002564 [Music]
+27TPQBrK0QU-00001-00002565-00002826 Mumbai was witnessing its highest
+27TPQBrK0QU-00002-00002827-00003126 September rainfall in over 65 years and
+27TPQBrK0QU-00003-00003127-00003468 this day was no different with spirits
+27TPQBrK0QU-00004-00003469-00003647 high we reach command woodland
+27TPQBrK0QU-00005-00003649-00003890 vegetation by hopping into the pond
+27TPQBrK0QU-00006-00003892-00004134 royal bound passenger from Vasa railway
+27TPQBrK0QU-00007-00004135-00004527 station at about 7:00 a.m. in 20 minutes
+27TPQBrK0QU-00008-00004528-00004767 with each command and headed towards the
+27TPQBrK0QU-00009-00004768-00004857 main road
+27TPQBrK0QU-00010-00004858-00005172 a 20-minute bumpy rickshaw ride took us
+27TPQBrK0QU-00011-00005173-00005535 to DEFCON day no one was ready to guide
+27TPQBrK0QU-00012-00005536-00005850 us that day to the fourth so finally we
+27TPQBrK0QU-00013-00005851-00006200 decided to get going on our own
+27TPQBrK0QU-00014-00006201-00007913 [Music]
+27TPQBrK0QU-00015-00007914-00008216 the initial path is confusing and soon
+27TPQBrK0QU-00016-00008217-00008480 we were lost this beautiful soul guided
+27TPQBrK0QU-00017-00008481-00008753 us to the correct path after which the
+27TPQBrK0QU-00018-00008754-00009048 route is well defined with markings as
+27TPQBrK0QU-00019-00009049-00009273 this place is less frequented the
+27TPQBrK0QU-00020-00009274-00009498 vegetation was thick and at many places
+27TPQBrK0QU-00021-00009499-00009734 the path leading to commander just
+27TPQBrK0QU-00022-00009735-00010039 disappeared due to this take vegetation
+27TPQBrK0QU-00023-00010040-00011431 [Music]
+27TPQBrK0QU-00025-00014860-00015761 [Applause]
+27TPQBrK0QU-00026-00015762-00016059 for us after we had started the train we
+27TPQBrK0QU-00027-00016060-00016236 could see the first signs of the fourth
+27TPQBrK0QU-00028-00016237-00016494 however the part after this had become
+27TPQBrK0QU-00029-00016495-00016730 too dangerous to climb due to the rains
+27TPQBrK0QU-00030-00016731-00017076 just fifty meters before the top we came
+27TPQBrK0QU-00031-00017077-00017289 to a patch which would be very risky to
+27TPQBrK0QU-00032-00017290-00017559 climb during this weather so the first
+27TPQBrK0QU-00033-00017560-00017805 time after having completed n number of
+27TPQBrK0QU-00034-00017806-00018051 tricks I decided that I should call it
+27TPQBrK0QU-00035-00018052-00018372 off and return soon after the others to
+27TPQBrK0QU-00036-00018373-00018596 turn back after going a little ahead
+27TPQBrK0QU-00037-00018597-00018908 they thought it was not a good idea to
+27TPQBrK0QU-00038-00018909-00019242 we rested and had a great time at a flat
+27TPQBrK0QU-00039-00019243-00019467 section just before the tanks and then
+27TPQBrK0QU-00040-00019468-00019711 taken back
+27TPQBrK0QU-00041-00019712-00020551 [Music]
+27TPQBrK0QU-00042-00020552-00020747 [Applause]
+27TPQBrK0QU-00043-00020748-00022343 [Music]
+27TPQBrK0QU-00044-00022344-00022391 [Laughter]
+27TPQBrK0QU-00045-00022392-00022574 [Music]
+27TPQBrK0QU-00046-00022575-00022890 it took us around 2.5 hours to return
+27TPQBrK0QU-00047-00022891-00023145 back to DEFCON day village before which
+27TPQBrK0QU-00048-00023146-00023393 we enjoyed ourselves in a water stream
+27TPQBrK0QU-00049-00023394-00023646 overall it was a great track and he
+27TPQBrK0QU-00050-00023647-00023928 taught us many things
+28L2zakKNYY-00000-00000064-00000704 looking good together on tv four
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00000-00000909-00001365 our reactions and we strips that issue
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00001-00001366-00001614 that to be covered our extensive
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00002-00001614-00001854 reaction and we use conversion between
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00003-00001855-00002354 the right reasons so as our basis and
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00004-00002355-00002654 motive that we should make the species
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00005-00002655-00003203 that will work
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00006-00003204-00003483 version in terms of X pieces so it's the
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00007-00003484-00003999 what we consume / what you started open
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00008-00004000-00004470 Raju rate is the number of mobile and
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00009-00004471-00005121 reacting you a palpable so for a batch
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00010-00005122-00005511 system if we consider reaction where
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00011-00005512-00008385 we're not live to my equilibrium both
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00012-00008386-00008723 go to be very important system of course
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00013-00008724-00008948 there are two miles the rest of in many
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00014-00008949-00009269 cases there are commercial not tend to
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00015-00009270-00009566 under set even willing to talk our
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00016-00009567-00010526 system ain't so good in this class
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00017-00010527-00010700 initially
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00019-00013809-00014126 computer slide has not reacted the total
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00020-00014127-00014813 motion to / understand if i multiply
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00021-00014813-00015077 that by the number of holes page I've
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00022-00015078-00015287 got the same terms in the denominator
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00023-00015288-00015611 and numerator it's essentially the
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00024-00015612-00015830 number of moles reactive chemicals
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00025-00015831-00016222 reacted is the number of moles that are
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00026-00016222-00016579 really completed on my sister made
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00027-00016580-00016967 solely eight we have all this whole a
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00028-00016968-00018529 reaction I should put that
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00029-00018530-00018800 added material prices if I close the
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00030-00018801-00019202 valve is a zero additional moles added a
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00031-00019203-00019622 of those get reacted away I can
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00032-00019623-00019805 experience na then it turns off the
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00033-00019806-00020111 conversion x the android x so
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00034-00020112-00021688 straightforward equation of match n 800
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00035-00021689-00022013 x days solicited the key information for
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00036-00022014-00022211 a batch to convert between the
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00037-00022212-00022363 concentration convert between
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00038-00022364-00022646 conversions enemy is directly related
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00039-00022647-00023279 application x conversion or i can also
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00040-00023280-00023489 look at it at this time the number of
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00041-00023490-00023720 moles of a is remaining in the batch
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00042-00023721-00024194 system i started off with an e 0 minus
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00043-00024195-00024728 was consumed na minus na 0 x simplify
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00044-00024729-00025382 that expressed as actually
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00045-00025383-00025964 in a reference at any time the number of
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00046-00025966-00027060 moles left my lashes with any zero the
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00047-00027061-00027636 batch system is no floor plate is two
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00048-00027637-00027936 major wave inverters four reactors did
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00049-00027937-00028145 you see two yards and kia cars and then
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00050-00028147-00028312 this batch reactors with is no potable
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00051-00028313-00028668 so there's no but this linear
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00052-00028669-00029193 relationship ta da so if I said hey
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00053-00029194-00029523 divided by the Holy i'm going to explain
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00054-00029524-00030087 so can we support the key relationship
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00055-00030088-00030405 do that reaction is to relate my number
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00056-00030406-00030808 of moles to inversion of the dedication
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00057-00030810-00031283 if we go back to our mole balance we
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00058-00031285-00031464 ended up with this equation to get DNA
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00059-00031464-00031706 by DT
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00060-00031707-00032174 the reaction rate of a creative so are a
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00061-00032175-00032675 generative times B that was the heat
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00062-00032676-00032939 equation the design equation on the
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00063-00032940-00033290 ashes sly so you go back three or four
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00064-00033291-00033590 classes we derived an equation with the
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00065-00033591-00034521 assumptions they're getting to that
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00066-00034522-00035246 a list well based constant volume
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00067-00035247-00035715 warning else a lot at steady state okay
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00068-00035716-00036012 so this this was derived using those
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00069-00036013-00036255 assumptions well mixed constant volume
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00070-00036256-00036499 and other states
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00071-00036500-00036880 in fact this is assistant up here this
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00072-00036881-00038239 equation like how does this be he is a
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00073-00038240-00038717 function of time then I just comfort in
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00074-00038718-00039115 an integral so da by DT is already given
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00075-00039116-00039777 can't change I'm not very comfortable
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00076-00039778-00040079 living systems but go back systems if he
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00077-00040080-00040292 was a function of time I didn't make
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00078-00040293-00041230 that explicit writing are a nobody
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00079-00041231-00042054 changes so so this is a dependent flash
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00080-00042055-00042310 now what I happen is like a cell phone
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00081-00042311-00042595 that explains my hand ona is a function
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00082-00042596-00043067 conversion so anyways
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00083-00043068-00043476 so thank you sorry for that I can take
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00084-00043477-00043845 the derivative of DNA and then equal to
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00085-00043846-00044943 n a0 minus an 80 and just take I'm doing
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00086-00044944-00045132 every single steps of the play them
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00087-00045133-00045420 through to the constants is 0 that's
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00088-00045421-00046056 equal to minus n a0 yes so we're
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00089-00046057-00047087 comfortable with this from a nap so DNA
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00090-00047088-00048513 inside the same line
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00091-00048514-00048877 occasions in this third equation is this
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00092-00048878-00049024 where you started off with who is
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00093-00049025-00049267 working in terms of number of walls now
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00094-00049268-00049528 i'm working in terms of conversion and
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00095-00049529-00049678 that's where we're going to exceed your
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00096-00049679-00049963 expectations let's really Express are
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00097-00049964-00050116 designing pages instead of all
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00098-00050117-00050305 concentrations and instead of number of
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00099-00050306-00051158 moles Lexington you're going to see why
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00100-00051159-00051520 so a very simple replacement in genetic
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00101-00051521-00051775 derivative term we can integrate this
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00102-00051776-00052048 expression here as well so taken by Mt
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00103-00052049-00052411 the one side b PX on the other na 0
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00104-00052412-00052588 comes out of the integral was the total
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00105-00052589-00052842 number of moles of adam to imax reaction
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00106-00052844-00053194 to begin na 0 was charged to my back to
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00107-00053195-00053719 access initially the number of moles i
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00108-00053720-00053953 added to that next function and snowing
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00109-00053954-00054178 we're going to integrate in between the
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00110-00054179-00054642 limits from zero to X that's a total
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00111-00054644-00054878 time so at time zero at zero
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00112-00054879-00055654 version at the final time T
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00113-00055655-00056026 [Music]
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00114-00056027-00056603 zero so this the integral declare we're
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00115-00056604-00056723 going to integrate between the initial
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00116-00056724-00057365 time 0 and on time T version match so
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00117-00057366-00057736 this is a great way to design a tractor
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00118-00057737-00057898 remember for actually after I've
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00119-00057899-00058282 designed very this time how long so this
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00120-00058283-00058474 is telling me how long I need to
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00121-00058475-00058640 recognize managed to achieve a certain
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00122-00058641-00058922 conversion pass it is a little bit of an
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00123-00058923-00059254 almond that X is in the integral in as
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00124-00059255-00059579 the upper limit so I need to work
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00125-00059579-00059834 iterative if I give X that I can prop
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00126-00059835-00060130 Lexi or if I run that religion team and
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00127-00060131-00060422 use back up the index so combining both
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00128-00060423-00060874 work both ways notice we're leaving
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00129-00060875-00061165 everything else inside the integral ra
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00130-00061166-00061429 stays inside the integral V stays inside
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00131-00061430-00062171 minutes ago if you don't suppose
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00132-00062172-00062334 [Music]
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00133-00062335-00062613 you can put it either way so it depends
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00134-00062614-00062811 of what did you know it if you know all
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00135-00062812-00063075 you is going to be changing with time
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00136-00063076-00063334 you can take those guilty teesside if
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00137-00063335-00063480 you know all you guys accomplished Amell
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00138-00063481-00063657 conversion you're going to take the
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00139-00063658-00063934 commercial side which one we more likely
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00140-00063935-00065317 to know
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00141-00065319-00065778 so batch that's our existence now let's
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00142-00065779-00066048 take a look at flow system flow systems
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00143-00066049-00066278 are more than other types of reactors
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00144-00066279-00066885 PFR CST ours PDR and we're starting over
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00145-00066886-00067056 the general equation that applies to all
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00146-00067057-00067422 flow systems so let's uh yeah actually
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00147-00067423-00067644 let's take a look at what i want to
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00148-00067645-00067971 emphasize with flow systems so whether
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00149-00067972-00069120 we're dealing with the CSTR or VFR both
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00150-00069121-00069534 of these systems have a certain England
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00151-00069535-00070347 on authority fa 0 both of these systems
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00152-00070348-00071474 have an outlet flow
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00153-00071475-00071882 add the inlets if i buy material and the
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00154-00071883-00072173 image i consider that effect that
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00155-00072174-00072392 conversion at this particular point in
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00156-00072393-00072749 the pipe 0 it's not reacting with
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00157-00072750-00073084 anything yet so at that moment x is 0
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00158-00073085-00073412 leaving the reactor i have a certain
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00159-00073413-00073751 conversion eggs the material reacts away
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00160-00073752-00074078 in the reactor if it is some catalyst in
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00161-00074079-00074291 here something that's changing so that
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00162-00074292-00074482 this reaction starts to occur and
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00163-00074483-00074824 leaving and then exit of the CSTR is
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00164-00074825-00075257 captain s conversion related to nfa the
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00165-00075258-00075524 molar flow the question we're trying to
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00166-00075525-00075722 artis again with this derivation of the
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00167-00075723-00076175 slide how do we relate fitx another
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00168-00076176-00076666 variable we know here is concentration
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00169-00076667-00076922 this Ted let's take a look at the PFR
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00170-00076923-00077222 urbanism the PFR we've got our image
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00171-00077223-00077546 flow both for fa 0 right endless entry
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00172-00077547-00077891 points at that entry point x0 there's no
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00173-00077892-00078203 conversion encourages let's assume for
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00174-00078204-00078497 example is might be a PBR the screen
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00175-00078498-00078839 will fly to the airport or PG on it only
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00176-00078840-00079010 sees the catalyst right of the entrance
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00177-00079011-00079268 so only at that point is where to start
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00178-00079269-00079541 to react up until that point conversion
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00179-00079542-00079946 is 0 PBR have the some conditions in the
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00180-00079947-00080255 reactor that creates the reaction or
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00181-00080256-00080627 allow the reaction to initiate the way
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00182-00080628-00080864 right beginning of the reactor for PDR
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00183-00080865-00081269 and the PFR conversion is 0 we progress
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00184-00081270-00081805 on the reactor evening yet is a certain
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00185-00081806-00082055 created a visa credit at zero and as
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00186-00082056-00082307 I've received through the reactor X gets
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00187-00082308-00082796 larger and larger okay so for both these
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00188-00082797-00083195 systems both of CSTR and pokey be ours
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00189-00083196-00083551 kia bars the same flow equation is going
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00190-00083552-00083801 to apply we're going to derive it simply
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00191-00083802-00084050 saying our conversion recall the game is
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00192-00084051-00084325 defined as the number of moles reactors
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00193-00084326-00084668 so what sleeping of what's left over
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00194-00084669-00084988 we're having we can calculate them in
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00195-00084989-00085181 that context how many moles reacted
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00196-00085182-00085394 divided by the number of moles we r
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00197-00085395-00085535 effect with the agreement of the
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00198-00085536-00085784 reaction system all the times I by the
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00199-00085785-00086129 number of moles per unit time so that
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00200-00086130-00086615 product fa 0 x x gets me mole de main
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00201-00086616-00086849 reactor so the reason why i want
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00202-00086850-00086996 motivated Act is because I'm going to
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00203-00086997-00087230 bring it down here I'm going to
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00204-00087231-00087607 calculate what i put in FA 0 minus 1
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00205-00087608-00088094 reacted and phase 0 x x that difference
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00206-00088095-00088310 then is essentially what's been the
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00207-00088311-00088805 system okay so fa leaving is insane why
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00208-00088806-00089086 is what was consumed is what's going to
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00209-00089087-00089353 leaving the reactor I can simplify the
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00210-00089354-00089695 delights of it fa fa 0 1 minus X very
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00211-00089696-00090112 similar to the next batch equation so
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00212-00090113-00090724 lets up its make this key observation
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00213-00090725-00091128 and map systems and the flow systems
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00214-00091129-00091495 with similar looking expression but in
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00215-00091496-00091654 terms of the variables that matter for
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00216-00091655-00091849 respective reactors that we've actually
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00217-00091850-00092031 actually what matters is the moles
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00218-00092032-00092332 remaining inside the system models
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00219-00092333-00092755 paralytic student nh4 flow systems is
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00220-00092756-00093004 the flow of it matters how fast and how
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00221-00093005-00093229 slow this material is we instead of a
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00222-00093230-00093876 relationship is ma is FA 0 1 pint size
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00223-00093877-00095805 similar expression of eternity
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00224-00095806-00096172 okay so let's apply this for the CSTR
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00225-00096173-00096601 design equation in the previous class we
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00226-00096602-00096904 ended up with the expression based on
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00227-00096905-00097705 the mole balance that V is the inlet
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00228-00097706-00098206 flow provides the outlet flow / drink
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00229-00098207-00098770 consumption the assumptions made in this
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00230-00098771-00099508 derivation I cut they don't mix well mix
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00231-00099509-00100132 yes steady state well mix the steady
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00232-00100133-00100357 sales does that imply the volume is
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00233-00100358-00101010 constant steady state constant volume
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00234-00101011-00101359 system remains the same over time that's
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00235-00101360-00101551 why we've got a capital V out here
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00236-00101552-00101737 constant volume we're going to help it a
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00237-00101738-00102004 single lead single be that the
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00238-00102005-00102292 calculator name is related to the molar
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00239-00102293-00102781 flow in minus out / the race of at
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00240-00102782-00103078 Richard consuming thanks this is a so
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00241-00103079-00103413 something in my new mine uses a
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00242-00103414-00103657 calculation up here that the molar flow
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00243-00103658-00103939 leaving in terms of the conversion and
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00244-00103940-00104358 substitute that in FA 0 turns up here
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00245-00104359-00104701 cancel out and in are left with FA 0 x
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00246-00104702-00105521 conversion / reaction
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00247-00105522-00106128 the rate constant we had a bit of this
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00248-00106129-00106299 discussion last night but it's good that
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00249-00106300-00106454 is coming up again and wants to recap
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00250-00106455-00106683 this anyway is the rate constant minus
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00251-00106683-00108029 RA yeah cuz it's fedex and traditions
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00252-00108030-00108260 the exit conditions pull the reactor
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00253-00108261-00108458 everything inside the reactor the steady
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00254-00108459-00108833 state minus RA yet is the rate at which
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00255-00108834-00109182 the system is reacting based on internal
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00256-00109183-00109379 to the reality conditions it's saying
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00257-00109380-00109943 because of the CSTR assumption same
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00258-00109944-00110346 minus RA substituting that the values
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00259-00110347-00110625 for RNA as they are as they're occurring
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00260-00110626-00110871 inside the tanks or whatever but if it's
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00261-00110872-00111081 going on inside this tank is a certain
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00262-00111082-00111270 concentration perhaps that you can
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00263-00111271-00111581 measure that see a thing is going to
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00264-00111582-00111843 change what archive you can define our
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00265-00111844-00112119 agency answer but it's a constant number
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00266-00112120-00112586 that state based so here we've got the
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00267-00112588-00112968 design expression for CSTR for the
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00268-00112969-00113208 variable that we want to know quality in
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00269-00113208-00113486 terms of the other two are the other
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00270-00113488-00113542 three
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00271-00113543-00114075 in the flow conversion and razors so
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00272-00114076-00114358 write this this equation is is the key
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00273-00114358-00114684 equation rate of consumption unity
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00274-00114685-00114949 nominative molar flow and enumerate end
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00275-00114950-00115501 conversion very very easy great equation
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00276-00115502-00115744 to work with just an algebraic equation
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00277-00115745-00116436 no interviews no derivatives we're going
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00278-00116438-00116596 to work with this equation tonight it
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00279-00116597-00116779 looks to set to be simple but you have
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00280-00116780-00117124 to understand we're going to get let's
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00281-00117125-00117585 take a look at the PFR come one flow
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00282-00117586-00118063 reactor if things are changing across
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00283-00118064-00118330 the length of the reactor so ripple
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00284-00118331-00118570 through discussions last night my
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00285-00118571-00118761 coordinate system is in terms of volume
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00286-00118763-00119095 which is at the initial point B is equal
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00287-00119096-00119626 to 0 and the final point B capital B so
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00288-00119627-00119872 it's no surprise that the design
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00289-00119873-00120258 equation for VFR is a function of where
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00290-00120259-00120592 you are among the reaction TV so the
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00291-00120593-00120759 further and further ado belong the
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00292-00120760-00121069 reactive more and more things change DFA
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00293-00121070-00121405 by DV is equal to the rate on golf
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00294-00121406-00121642 generation of our episode please notice
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00295-00121643-00121867 here this is plus are a great of
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00296-00121868-00122545 generation i can summon together fa is
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00297-00122546-00122908 fa 0 times 1 minus the conversion same
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00298-00122908-00123111 idea here as before that size just work
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00299-00123113-00123463 for that to be experienced and you take
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00300-00123464-00123861 the derivative of FX is equal to the nfa
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00301-00123863-00124915 0 plus the derivative of a mindset is 0
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00302-00124916-00125623 times x which is equal to 0 minus if n0t
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00303-00125624-00125993 guess so
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00304-00125994-00126272 just using those rules from calculus it
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00305-00126273-00126589 very comfortable with a DFA is equal to
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00306-00126590-00127240 minus FA 0 and X sudden over here and I
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00307-00127241-00127585 simplify the expression equation that
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00308-00127586-00127987 shows f x0 DX DV z is the rate of
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00309-00127988-00128212 consumption outliers so i get my
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00310-00128213-00128471 negative are a Vatican we're comfortable
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00311-00128472-00128648 and we preferred even with minus our age
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00312-00128649-00128878 so actually that negative that we get
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00313-00128879-00129175 from the derivative of that expression
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00314-00129176-00129766 of it is quite hungry but I can't work
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00315-00129767-00129910 with this equation I can't design
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00316-00129911-00130082 systems in terms of the derivative
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00317-00130083-00130312 function so that we integrate that
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00318-00130313-00130588 between sensible limits the sensible
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00319-00130589-00130783 limits are of course the entry and exit
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00320-00130784-00131048 points of the practice of between 0 and
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00321-00131049-00131449 100 capital B that relates to conversion
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00322-00131450-00131672 at 0 at the entrance of capital exit the
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00323-00131673-00131971 exit so that's why I cover that get
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00324-00131972-00132311 initial point of my reactor x is 0 and
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00325-00132312-00132908 the final point X is equal to X but both
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00326-00132909-00133137 become the natural limits of integration
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00327-00133138-00133438 can I pull the minus RNA that's in the
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00328-00133439-00134050 denominator out of it it's changing as a
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00329-00134051-00134799 function along the reactor leg
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00330-00134800-00135216 okay so once again as with the CSTR and
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00331-00135217-00135445 metal PFR you've gone to the inverse of
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00332-00135446-00135760 the rate in neutral Suresh say we've got
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00333-00135761-00135903 to keep the rate expression in the
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00334-00135904-00136302 denominator I'm emphasizing that because
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00335-00136303-00136621 that's where we're going next so take it
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00336-00136622-00136866 off look at that what i mean by that the
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00337-00136867-00137076 other thing that matters for a 4pm car
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00338-00137077-00137299 is volume but it's a function of the
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00339-00137300-00137545 radius expression that rate expressions
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00340-00137546-00137754 and denominator let's go back to the
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00341-00137755-00138232 CSTR equation function of volume the
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00342-00138233-00138475 races in menomonie so let me just write
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00343-00138476-00139159 that up here so we've got it for these
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00344-00139160-00139384 comebacks the slider to Brazil often so
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00345-00139385-00140056 d is equal to fa 0 times X romance ra at
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00346-00140057-00140688 the expression for a CSTR for PF r is
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00347-00140689-00141283 equal to FX 0 the integral 0 to x of 1
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00348-00141284-00142457 over minus ra
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00349-00142458-00142862 okay so we can do the same time you're
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00350-00142863-00143111 14 EVR we were integrate relatives
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00351-00143112-00143612 academy now in your notes I had this son
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00352-00143613-00143825 this next slide the title was incorrect
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00353-00143826-00144016 so whether the correct time should it
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00354-00144017-00144188 means let's apply does not reverse order
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00355-00144189-00144528 system okay we're going to look at
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00356-00144529-00144758 expressing the first order reaction
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00357-00144759-00145890 makes in terms of conversion so this
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00358-00145891-00146222 follows from this I ones on the waters
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00359-00146223-00146377 here at Piraeus on the rate expression
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00360-00146378-00146834 minus R is KCH two personal system we
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00361-00146835-00147296 have an fa fa 0 and 1 minus X so this is
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00362-00147297-00147599 for flow system or not I'm not going to
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00363-00147600-00147806 deal with a battery software this is for
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00364-00147807-00148057 a flow examples of fas
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00365-00148058-00148416 1-2 conversion let's take this
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00366-00148417-00148684 expression and divide both sides by q
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00367-00148685-00149023 the volumetric flow rate entering my PF
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00368-00149024-00149323 r so here's a certain body motion flow
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00369-00149324-00149737 rate injured q0 leaving is cute this is
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00370-00149738-00149959 in general so Hugh zero doesn't always
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00371-00149960-00150321 equal q especially for gas bae systems
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00372-00150322-00151018 20 coming in leaving is cute so define
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00373-00151019-00151227 the left hand right hand side remember
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00374-00151228-00151471 this expression works for old CSTR s
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00375-00151472-00151762 opieop arsenal PDR so we're driving is
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00376-00151763-00152272 for all of them / q fa / q is equal to
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00377-00152273-00152599 my convert my concentration molar flow
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00378-00152600-00152920 could be a time / baba volumetric flow
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00379-00152921-00153118 you can show their that that's equal to
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00380-00153119-00153850 ca fa 0 / q that's not CA 0 in general
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00381-00153851-00154116 that's not 0 but if you make the
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00382-00154117-00154393 assumption at hubers q0 i can then write
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00383-00154394-00154739 q 0 over there and express that has ca
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00384-00154740-00155202 ca 0 x 1 minus conversion but only under
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00385-00155203-00155383 the conditions where q is Jews Europe
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00386-00155384-00155635 which are conditions where you have a
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00387-00155636-00155872 reaction that does not need to increase
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00388-00155873-00156259 in volume of the time it's a general
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00389-00156260-00156501 less political base systems or for gas
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00390-00156502-00156721 phase systems where there is no increase
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00391-00156722-00157375 in volume or pressure so CA is here is 0
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00392-00157376-00157740 for x 1 minus x for such systems then
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00393-00157741-00157957 substitute that into my rate expression
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00394-00157958-00158287 minus r its k CA now i have CA done here
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00395-00158288-00158587 in terms of conversion 1-6 so I get
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00396-00158588-00158961 minus rx KCA or minus RA
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00397-00158962-00159554 k 0 x 116 that's good that's my starting
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00398-00159555-00160247 point here minus RA is k times CA 0 1
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00399-00160248-00160698 minus s we like this expression k is
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00400-00160699-00161103 constant C a0 is a known constant value
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00401-00161104-00161325 as the number for the concentration I'm
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00402-00161326-00161646 coming into my PVR the concentration i
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00403-00161647-00161982 becoming into my CS to our way i noticed
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00404-00161983-00162252 for my the bar created a zero I know the
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00405-00162253-00162669 fam from the volunteer or user so now
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00406-00162670-00163011 I've got a way that keep my rates as a
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00407-00163012-00163332 humble conversion so everything we've
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00408-00163333-00163557 done up to now we're just switching over
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00409-00163558-00164244 to you as you have variable pathways now
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00410-00164245-00164579 this is where I want to pay attention
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00411-00164580-00164988 and appear far we notice we've got rate
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00412-00164989-00165404 in the denominator both instances so we
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00413-00165405-00165711 want to understand how to design CSTR s
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00414-00165712-00165993 what the phone is and what the volume is
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00415-00165994-00166224 for PDR we're going to have to
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00416-00166225-00166602 understand the nature of minus RA when
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00417-00166603-00166761 it's appears and if you donate what is a
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00418-00166762-00166902 function look like we're in the hood
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00419-00166903-00167253 let's take a look let me simply invert
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00420-00167254-00167514 both sides of the equation 1 over minus
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00421-00167515-00168577 RA is one of the case made zero big
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00422-00168578-00168881 so this isn't in your notes so this is
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00423-00168882-00171258 very out of this really example
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00424-00171259-00171973 this so this because the signal vs.
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00425-00171974-00172149 appears involved these equations we
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00426-00172150-00172338 really need to understand what this
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00427-00172339-00173146 function looks like what is my left hand
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00428-00173147-00173352 side going to look like when conversion
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00429-00173353-00174039 is zero
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00430-00174040-00174474 [Music]
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00431-00174475-00175005 it's going to be a constant value one
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00432-00175006-00175356 other k CA 0 so what we are going with
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00433-00175357-00175908 this is the following you can see this
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00434-00175909-00176109 in the cluster front of you we're going
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00435-00176110-00176769 to look at money conversion against one
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00436-00176770-00177330 of the one at one of the minus we want
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00437-00177331-00177573 to understand it college system behaves
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00438-00177574-00178004 and different initial conversion so at 0
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00439-00178005-00178287 conversion I'm going to get a point on
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00440-00178288-00178557 my y-axis the Interceptor that's equal
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00441-00178558-00179328 to 1 over k CA 0 and easily find that
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00442-00179329-00180057 point I know k and I notice EI 0 what's
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00443-00180058-00180366 going to have them as X tends towards
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00444-00180367-00181059 under set
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00445-00181060-00182145 do I want to hear from to eat
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00446-00182146-00182738 what happens to the y-axis minus one of
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00447-00182739-00183243 our t goes to infinity another way of
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00448-00183244-00183929 saying that is as X tends to 1 minus RA
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00449-00183930-00184371 it tends to 0 those two are equivalent
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00450-00184372-00185629 statements does that does it make sense
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00451-00185630-00185961 sighs reaction goes to completion 106
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00452-00185962-00186227 completion you're getting slower and
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00453-00186228-00186440 slower the rate of the reaction drops or
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00454-00186441-00186699 as you feel more and more conversion
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00455-00186700-00186984 through rate at which you're converting
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00456-00186985-00187263 topsail makes absolute sense especially
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00457-00187264-00187814 we consider that minus RA is KCA as my
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00458-00187815-00188070 reaction extinct it gets greater and
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00459-00188071-00188238 greatest i'm going to 100 second version
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00460-00188239-00188475 it's clear that CA is getting smaller
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00461-00188476-00188666 and smaller and smaller until I get a
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00462-00188667-00188943 hundred percent reaction CA doesn't
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00463-00188944-00189428 exist anymore 0 x rate is here so we now
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00464-00189429-00189657 have an idea of one to two extremes of
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00465-00189658-00190074 this plot look like at x equals 1 like
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00466-00190075-00190236 like what is going to tend towards
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00467-00190237-00190463 infinity at the beginning i'm going to
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00468-00190464-00190914 hit a point on my white ass
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00469-00190915-00191285 so let's take a look out as a CSTR so
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00470-00191286-00191416 you've got this page in front of you
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00471-00191417-00191749 that I would like you to use that plot
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00472-00191750-00192143 and calculate what the volume of the
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00473-00192144-00192454 CSTR is to achieve a certain conversion
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00474-00192455-00192746 conversion of a percent so let me
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00475-00192747-00193346 explain what's what's there okay the
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00476-00193347-00193540 person is not a laboratory experiments
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00477-00193541-00193769 and has different values of conversion
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00478-00193770-00194099 they've calculated what are endings so
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00479-00194100-00194239 we don't need to know exactly how
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00480-00194240-00194384 they've done this experiment will talk
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00481-00194385-00194614 about it in a few classes from now but
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00482-00194615-00194803 this is human carcass data available to
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00483-00194804-00195143 us so at 0 conversion my rate is point
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00484-00195144-00195514 four five most communicative civil at
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00485-00195515-00195782 point one conversion at 1.37 and so
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00486-00195783-00196303 forth of interest in is one over R a one
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00487-00196304-00196601 of a minus R so this third row in the
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00488-00196602-00196861 table is the inverse of a second book
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00489-00196862-00197104 there's also a fourth row here that
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00490-00197105-00197360 that's just really helping us a lot it's
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00491-00197361-00197618 something else because motor recognizes
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00492-00197619-00197774 also take
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00493-00197775-00197990 these two equations two side by side per
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00494-00197991-00198371 minute fa 0 of kids in the numerator and
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00495-00198372-00198749 in the numerator so what we've
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00496-00198750-00199019 essentially plotted is for much yet for
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00497-00199020-00199424 us an F zero divided by minus RA so I'm
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00498-00199425-00199619 going to emphasize that by putting just
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00499-00199620-00200237 rewriting it explodes mine is my
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00500-00200238-00200926 frustration is fa 0 times are a x
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00501-00200927-00201378 conversion XO
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00502-00201379-00201579 so it's a product of those two barriers
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00503-00201580-00201777 I didn't really change anything just
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00504-00201778-00202018 emphasize in an FA 0 minus our age and
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00505-00202019-00202263 useful value to calculate and that's
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00506-00202264-00202500 what's over here my integral in the same
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00507-00202501-00202720 way i can write it as far as i can
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00508-00202721-00202906 actually bring campaign 0 into the
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00509-00202907-00203232 integral is not being stopped in that
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00510-00203233-00203598 swim you're right fa 0 of them either
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00511-00203599-00203935 side so both these design equations rely
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00512-00203936-00204996 on this ratio of FX 0 minus ra fa 0 is
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00513-00204998-00205305 given to me i know by multiple my sister
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00514-00205306-00205546 this is a gas phase system is isothermal
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00515-00205546-00205785 and constant pressure so now a change in
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00516-00205786-00206148 volume I don't know what my rate my rate
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00517-00206150-00206364 is I have no idea this is a first order
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00518-00206365-00206904 second order third order system but what
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00519-00206905-00207180 I'm asking is from this data calculate
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00520-00207181-00207459 the volume of the CSTR trying to achieve
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00521-00207460-00207819 a percent mood so look at this equation
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00522-00207819-00208113 think about it for a few minutes to try
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00523-00208114-00208416 it on the plots how do you calculate the
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00524-00208417-00208627 volume of that seems you're required to
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00525-00208628-00209498 get a second version
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00526-00209498-00209692 use the design expression that we
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00527-00209694-00209998 calculated arrived in this class of
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00528-00210000-00210308 their up here in red do this design
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00529-00210309-00210521 expression to calculate the order to get
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00532-00217563-00217998 well just kind of ate the CSTR well now
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00533-00217998-00218244 if you've already done it then go ahead
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00534-00218244-00219104 and finish
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00535-00219105-00221939 [Music]
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00536-00221940-00223810 [Music]
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00537-00223811-00224948 okay bollywood cstr 6.4 is huge so my
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00538-00224948-00225496 y-axis is FA 0 divided by minus RA at at
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00539-00225496-00226139 8.00 for NATO should say I'm a 0.8
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00540-00226140-00226463 conversion I've got 8.0 on my y-axis the
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00541-00226464-00227134 project of 880 of RA x capital X is
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00542-00227135-00227350 equal to the balding requires so that's
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00543-00227351-00227573 where my CSTR equation product of these
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00544-00227573-00228000 two terms this be my model of my CSTR
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00545-00228001-00228392 geometrically what does that be doing on
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00546-00228392-00228856 the plot geometrically this is
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00547-00228857-00229282 represents an area NP 0 divided by minus
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00548-00229283-00229531 RA represents the height along my y-axis
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00549-00229532-00230008 and X I could also like this as a
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00550-00230009-00230615 distance we also collected at x minus 0
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00551-00230616-00230950 at the distance along my x axis from 0
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00552-00230951-00231215 to the desired conversion
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00553-00231216-00231839 so you can visualize this as an area
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00554-00231840-00232539 given by our attention so for a CSTR if
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00555-00232540-00233232 I have a plot of FA 0 divided by minus
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00556-00233233-00233562 RA on my y-axis I have that data that's
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00557-00233563-00233811 easy to get from a lavar entry and I
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00558-00233812-00233964 have conversion I'd also get them from
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00559-00233965-00234138 my lab experiment I don't need to know
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00560-00234139-00234348 its first or second board or whatever
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00561-00234348-00234696 water systems is this is a great way to
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00562-00234696-00234912 design reacts is from purely bad data
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00563-00234913-00235134 without any knowledge of the kinetics
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00564-00235135-00235598 and the kind of details of the dimension
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00565-00235598-00235977 notice that your x axis has no dimension
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00566-00235978-00236331 as so its unit for size dimensions X
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00567-00236332-00236715 human this y-axis we improve yourself
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00568-00236716-00236931 that units are we the student whenever
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00569-00236932-00237078 you calculate the product of two
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00570-00237079-00237392 variables your exercise why our area
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00571-00237392-00237630 remember from your integrals when you do
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00572-00237631-00237885 integrals geometrically your units of
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00573-00237886-00238071 the integral are equal to the units of
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00574-00238071-00238550 your X multiplied by the music why so
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00575-00238551-00238848 the product of those is a meters cubed
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00576-00238848-00239169 you get 6 20 visible so there's the
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00577-00239169-00239544 solution for CSTR simply related to this
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00578-00239544-00239775 shaded area you take the points of your
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00579-00239776-00240042 conversion and in the shade there I want
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00580-00240042-00240242 them to achieve a conversion of point 6
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00581-00240244-00240671 it's this area I go up 2.6 the total
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00582-00240673-00240987 area given by at shaking region so
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00583-00240988-00241359 notice though it's a bit solitary what's
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00584-00241360-00242564 the Pierre part sighs going
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00585-00242565-00242963 what's the volume of the PFI required to
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00586-00242964-00243909 achieve a descending area of the hood
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00587-00243910-00244432 roughly how much you can do
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00588-00244433-00245092 to point something okay here's the time
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00589-00245092-00245306 if you're stuck you can come playing
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00590-00245307-00245483 with the area one of these little cubes
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00591-00245484-00245813 off or that's 22 times too so it's an
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00592-00245814-00245959 area of each accused about the point of
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00593-00245960-00246179 boys formulas cute you can sum up
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00594-00246180-00246401 roughly how many of those cubes there
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00595-00246402-00246755 are so you can do just second one for
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00596-00246756-00246917 that is what the second one is on your
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00597-00246917-00247216 present of you to kill pit area for VFR
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00598-00247217-00247523 it's the integrated area between zero
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00599-00247523-00247823 and capital X so i want to go from zero
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00600-00247823-00248117 conversion at my entrance to capital X
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00601-00248117-00248591 conversion at the at an outlet so i can
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00602-00248592-00248860 simply read or as where i can
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00603-00248861-00249239 graphically integrated here but what's a
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00604-00249240-00249803 better alternative i'll be done nothing
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00605-00249804-00250046 but we don't know this function actually
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00606-00250046-00250283 this those pots is probably not drawn
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00607-00250284-00250435 quite accurately we don't really know
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00608-00250436-00250703 that black curve all we really have all
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00609-00250704-00251165 the data points on the table so we don't
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00610-00251166-00251383 really know that that value all we have
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00611-00251384-00251742 of those those dots on this on machines
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00612-00251744-00252782 so three
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00613-00252783-00253655 absolutely trapezoid translates too easy
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00614-00253656-00254032 which one is more accurate
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00615-00254033-00254348 okay so there you go lets you send some
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00616-00254348-00255502 trolls to be guaranteed also it
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00617-00255503-00255691 say we've got all the details in
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00618-00255692-00255928 Appendix A or your 53 notes from Tom
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00619-00255929-00256279 Adams or just use these will help you
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00620-00256280-00256642 out in many cases so the page don't like
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00621-00256642-00256821 this guy this is in noticed on the
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00622-00256823-00257026 websites and don't you get this wrong
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00623-00257027-00257215 because neuritis in the bowl of the
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00624-00257216-00257455 boarding credit I don't want you to mess
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00625-00257456-00257689 up is exactly so here's a rule by the
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00626-00257690-00257998 three equally spaced points i can
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00627-00257998-00258352 compute that missing Simpsons rule so I
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00628-00258353-00258802 could use 0.4 and point eight for
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00629-00258803-00259159 example or slightly more accurately i
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00630-00259160-00259623 could go use this is prevention is what
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00631-00259625-00259858 are the three english spaced points i've
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00632-00259859-00260260 got zero zeros on 20 points 5 4 I can do
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00633-00260261-00260488 it that use the first equation from 0 to
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00634-00260489-00260881 0 and 2 22 24 that's one those are three
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00635-00260882-00261127 evenly spaced points and I can go ad
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00636-00261128-00261387 these other three being respects points
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00637-00261388-00261760 news that first equation update of
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00638-00261761-00262021 social system creates ruinous twice back
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00639-00262021-00262492 to that this is about the extent of the
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00640-00262493-00262735 difficulty that you need for integration
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00641-00262736-00263017 so using this formula t43 evenly spaced
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00642-00263018-00263565 points off
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00643-00263566-00263821 ok so if I've just got this first
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00644-00263822-00264030 formula first will advise of three
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00645-00264031-00264279 equally spaced points just go back to my
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00646-00264280-00264555 original flight I can apply it once
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00647-00264556-00264973 between zero and zero or more so let's
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00648-00264974-00265267 ignore the start at Point 1 ok just go
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00649-00265268-00265570 from zero to point to 2.4 there's by 3
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00650-00265571-00265777 million each spaced points that
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00651-00265778-00266031 calculate this integral first then I can
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00652-00266032-00267306 help take this integral next oh ok so
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00653-00267307-00267601 zero to zero point two point four ok so
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00654-00267602-00267789 to bend your 3d evenly spaced points
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00655-00267790-00268042 then you can go ad the second region
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00656-00268043-00268482 here 24.6 parades for human space and
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00657-00268483-00268687 then they do something ok so if you go
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00658-00268688-00269084 do that this you can write down I didn't
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00659-00269085-00269798 double-check my numbers at home
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00660-00269799-00270155 we
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00661-00270156-00270410 okay so there you go to do the first one
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00662-00270411-00271060 so 10 area point five five miniscule
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00663-00271061-00271337 because let's just pay attention here if
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00664-00271338-00271520 you integrate from zero to zero point
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00665-00271521-00271910 more if you need a reactor of 25 5
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00666-00271911-00272144 meters cubed only 17 forty percent
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00667-00272145-00272384 conversion to the integration from 0 to
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00668-00272385-00272669 0 for four games mean afternoon the
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00669-00272670-00273116 integral from 24 to 28 ads on another
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00670-00273117-00273661 1.6 so that gives me a total area of
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00671-00273662-00274079 2.16 it's a philosophy that has tomato
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00672-00274080-00274328 puppy to these cubes on the pot visually
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00673-00274329-00275084 you use follow please use these
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00674-00275085-00275264 numerical techniques that we weren't
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00675-00275265-00275843 hungry okay so just just let you can pay
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00676-00275844-00276104 less than money so this I CSTR there's
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00677-00276105-00276407 my k bar i will post these to the
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00678-00276408-00276566 website you can obviously see why it is
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00679-00276567-00276773 impose these notes are watching builders
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00680-00276774-00277151 most efficient by the way so here is the
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00681-00277152-00277427 comparison between CSTR clear VAR c str
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00682-00277428-00277853 is more shaded region TFR is only only
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00683-00277854-00278148 then so this this might you might
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00684-00278149-00278424 well why are we keeping design to see
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00685-00278425-00278634 STRs it looks like Kiev bars are always
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00686-00278635-00278979 going to be small evolved that were to
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00687-00278980-00279447 be true always now we're going to see
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00688-00279448-00279678 very often that my curve does not always
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00689-00279679-00279906 go one and twenty give it up if that
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00690-00279907-00280230 happens a good goes monotonically up for
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00691-00280231-00280437 sure pfr is always going to give you a
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00692-00280438-00280716 smaller area than siesta by ccr is
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00693-00280717-00280956 always going to be the bigger region but
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00694-00280957-00281205 for many great curves we're going to get
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00695-00281206-00281544 especially start taking non-isothermal
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00696-00281545-00281772 behavior into account with systems
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00697-00281773-00282009 operating diabolically we're going to
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00698-00282010-00282648 start to curve that you this so if I
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00699-00282649-00283160 wanted a conversion over here CST R is
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00700-00283161-00283865 that much area where the PFR would be
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00701-00283866-00284271 moderated PFR the integral is the
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00702-00284272-00284659 interval under their part with all this
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00703-00284660-00284916 so that gives me some key if I will be a
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00704-00284917-00285273 bigger volume since you are so totally
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00705-00285274-00285516 dependent on the kinetics we cannot come
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00706-00285517-00285684 up with general rules that says one
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00707-00285685-00285834 reactor is better than the other it's
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00708-00285835-00286245 going to vary every now it gets really
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00709-00286246-00286449 fun is the next apartment because you're
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00710-00286450-00286650 going to say well let's put a CSTR first
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00711-00286651-00286905 and then PFR afterwards we're going to
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00712-00286906-00287214 put reaction in series okay so we're
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00713-00287215-00287463 going to say well there's any considered
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00714-00287464-00287933 trf to this region and then a PFR is
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00715-00287934-00288072 going to continue the rest of the
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00716-00288073-00288342 reaction Hortense to this conversion
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00717-00288343-00289177 required so what so this example
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00718-00289178-00289421 total damage
+2rcJECaQVdQ-00719-00289422-00289703 but does this
+2uGJiBAZfGU-00000-00000128-00000347 [Music]
+2uGJiBAZfGU-00001-00000348-00001003 foreign
+2uGJiBAZfGU-00002-00001005-00002430 [Music]
+2uGJiBAZfGU-00003-00002431-00003863 [Music]
+2uGJiBAZfGU-00004-00003864-00004453 but I carry them along with me
+2uGJiBAZfGU-00005-00004454-00004841 out on the sea
+2uGJiBAZfGU-00006-00004842-00005129 Broken Dreams
+2uGJiBAZfGU-00007-00005130-00005527 [Music]
+2uGJiBAZfGU-00008-00005528-00005875 I am a farmer
+2uGJiBAZfGU-00009-00005876-00006127 out in the
+2uGJiBAZfGU-00010-00006128-00006864 Delta I have put my back into the plow
+2uGJiBAZfGU-00011-00006865-00007213 my wife and children
+2uGJiBAZfGU-00012-00007214-00007620 are counting on me
+2uGJiBAZfGU-00013-00007622-00008027 but the rain has stayed within the
+2uGJiBAZfGU-00014-00008028-00008281 clouds
+2uGJiBAZfGU-00015-00008282-00008563 don't fall
+2uGJiBAZfGU-00016-00008564-00009085 I'll lose it all
+2uGJiBAZfGU-00017-00009086-00009605 well there's a name on every stone where
+2uGJiBAZfGU-00018-00009606-00009910 the story of Their Own
+2uGJiBAZfGU-00019-00009911-00010342 lived out in flesh and Bone
+2uGJiBAZfGU-00020-00010343-00010571 good
+2uGJiBAZfGU-00021-00010572-00011074 God will Mark for us the page as we
+2uGJiBAZfGU-00022-00011075-00011387 carry on our way
+2uGJiBAZfGU-00023-00011388-00011773 until we meet again
+2uGJiBAZfGU-00024-00011774-00012163 someday
+2uGJiBAZfGU-00025-00012164-00012523 I am a preacher
+2uGJiBAZfGU-00026-00012524-00012899 preaching salvation
+2uGJiBAZfGU-00027-00012900-00013303 I am lost but I'm already
+2uGJiBAZfGU-00028-00013304-00013465 found
+2uGJiBAZfGU-00029-00013466-00013855 by hands much bigger
+2uGJiBAZfGU-00030-00013856-00014249 then I can fathom
+2uGJiBAZfGU-00031-00014250-00014808 and they keep me planted in the ground
+2uGJiBAZfGU-00032-00014809-00015258 and when I die
+2uGJiBAZfGU-00033-00015259-00015653 I will fly
+2uGJiBAZfGU-00034-00015654-00016080 High
+2uGJiBAZfGU-00035-00016081-00016589 well there's a name on every stone where
+2uGJiBAZfGU-00036-00016590-00016894 the story of Their Own
+2uGJiBAZfGU-00037-00016895-00017255 lived out in flesh and Bone
+2uGJiBAZfGU-00038-00017256-00017572 [Music]
+2uGJiBAZfGU-00039-00017573-00018053 God will Mark for us the page as we
+2uGJiBAZfGU-00040-00018054-00018325 carry on our way
+2uGJiBAZfGU-00041-00018326-00018809 until we meet again someday
+2uGJiBAZfGU-00042-00018810-00018994 [Music]
+2uGJiBAZfGU-00043-00018995-00019493 there's a name on every stone where the
+2uGJiBAZfGU-00044-00019494-00019764 story of Their Own
+2uGJiBAZfGU-00045-00019765-00020214 lived out in flesh and Bone
+2uGJiBAZfGU-00046-00020215-00020364 [Music]
+2uGJiBAZfGU-00047-00020365-00020914 and God will Mark for us the page as we
+2uGJiBAZfGU-00048-00020915-00021239 carry on our ways
+2uGJiBAZfGU-00049-00021240-00021763 till we meet again someday
+2uGJiBAZfGU-00050-00021764-00022117 thank you
+2uGJiBAZfGU-00051-00022118-00022625 again someday
+2uGJiBAZfGU-00052-00022626-00022914 foreign
+2uGJiBAZfGU-00053-00022915-00023674 [Music]
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00000-00000888-00001095 in this task i'll export the map in two
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00001-00001096-00001327 parts the first part for the base map
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00002-00001328-00001478 and the second part for the proportional
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00003-00001479-00001718 symbols and the reason for doing this as
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00004-00001719-00001951 two exports is that the raster hill
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00005-00001952-00002134 shade and the transparency effects of
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00006-00002135-00002375 the vector layers can't be exported to
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00007-00002376-00002591 pdf as a vector file
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00008-00002592-00002799 to maintain these effects the export has
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00009-00002800-00003007 to be rasterized which prevents us from
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00010-00003008-00003231 getting access to the vector data
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00011-00003232-00003415 so i'll need to export the proportional
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00012-00003415-00003631 symbol layers separately as i want to
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00013-00003632-00003790 move and manipulate those once i get
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00014-00003792-00003959 them into inkscape
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00015-00003960-00004159 so i've got qgis desktop open here as i
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00016-00004160-00004375 left it at the end of task 2 and i'm
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00017-00004376-00004527 going to start out by turning off the
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00018-00004528-00004775 visibility for the idp layer and the
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00019-00004776-00004935 refugees layer
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00020-00004936-00005102 and now i'm going to go open a print
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00021-00005103-00005391 composer so i'll go to the project menu
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00022-00005392-00005683 new print composer and i'll name this
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00023-00005684-00005975 syria and i'll click ok to open the
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00024-00005976-00006191 print composer and i'm going to start on
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00025-00006192-00006414 the composition tab by setting some
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00026-00006415-00006663 settings for my composition
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00027-00006664-00006839 next to presets i'm going to set this to
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00028-00006840-00007006 custom and then i'm going to set a
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00029-00007008-00007463 custom size of 220
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00030-00007464-00007895 by 205
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00031-00007895-00008014 next i'm going to click the change
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00032-00008015-00008255 button for page background
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00033-00008256-00008478 select the simple fill symbol and change
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00034-00008479-00008735 the fill style to no brush
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00035-00008736-00008983 and click ok then finally i'll select
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00036-00008984-00009246 print as raster because remember i want
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00037-00009247-00009567 to export this as a raster next i'll
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00038-00009568-00009767 select the add new map button
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00039-00009768-00009935 and i'll drag a box
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00040-00009936-00010191 across my map composition
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00041-00010192-00010335 to add the map
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00042-00010336-00010519 once the map is on there i'm going to go
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00043-00010520-00010678 to item properties
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00044-00010679-00010846 i'm going to click set to map canvas
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00045-00010847-00010951 extent
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00046-00010952-00011174 and i'm going to set the scale
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00047-00011175-00011463 to three and a half million
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00048-00011464-00011655 click enter next i'm going to scroll
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00049-00011656-00012006 down to position and size
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00050-00012007-00012191 which control the size of my map on the
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00051-00012192-00012383 composition and i'm going to set the x
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00052-00012384-00012527 and y to zero
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00053-00012528-00012719 which puts the upper left hand corner in
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00054-00012720-00012838 the upper left hand corner of the
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00055-00012839-00013038 composition and then i'm going to set
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00056-00013039-00013215 the width and the height to equal the
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00057-00013216-00013471 map which is 220
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00058-00013472-00013655 by 205
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00059-00013656-00013830 so now the map fills the entire
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00060-00013831-00014015 composition perfectly
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00061-00014016-00014166 finally i'll go to background and
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00062-00014168-00014358 uncheck the background
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00063-00014359-00014527 with the map compose i'm going to export
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00064-00014528-00014751 this by going to the composer menu
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00065-00014752-00014991 choosing export as pdf
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00066-00014991-00015175 i'm going to save this as siri of base
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00067-00015176-00015494 map in my lab document folder and click
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00068-00015495-00015694 save to export it i've already saved
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00069-00015695-00015815 this so i'm actually overwriting a
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00070-00015816-00016071 previous one and i've exported my map so
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00071-00016072-00016238 i'm now going to close the print
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00072-00016240-00016358 composer
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00073-00016359-00016503 and you can always save it first if
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00074-00016504-00016622 you'd like
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00075-00016623-00016815 and back in cue just i'm now going to
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00076-00016816-00017111 turn off all the base map layers
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00077-00017112-00017335 and turn on the idp and refugee
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00078-00017336-00017527 proportional symbol layers
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00079-00017528-00017686 with that done i'll go to the project
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00080-00017687-00017799 menu
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00081-00017800-00018030 to the composer manager so i can reopen
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00082-00018031-00018222 my map composition
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00083-00018223-00018503 i'll check syria and the show button to
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00084-00018504-00018663 reopen that
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00085-00018664-00018807 and i'll scroll up on the map
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00086-00018808-00019063 composition page and check update
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00087-00019064-00019230 preview
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00088-00019231-00019391 i can see the scale has changed i'm
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00089-00019392-00019550 going to fix that put it back at three
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00090-00019551-00019735 and a half million
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00091-00019736-00019871 i'm going to go back to the composition
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00092-00019872-00020150 tab and uncheck print as raster remember
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00093-00020151-00020383 i want these proportional symbols to
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00094-00020384-00020686 export as vector objects in the pdf so i
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00095-00020687-00020894 can manipulate them in enscape later so
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00096-00020895-00021119 with the map composed i'll export the
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00097-00021120-00021391 map by going to composer
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00098-00021392-00021703 export as pdf if you get this message
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00099-00021704-00021983 just uncheck print as raster click close
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00100-00021984-00022119 and i'll call this
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00101-00022120-00022735 syria proportional symbols
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00102-00022736-00022911 that's all i need to do for composing
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00103-00022912-00023135 the map in qgis and in the next task
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00104-00023136-00023327 i'll prepare a rough map design in
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00105-00023328-00024263 inkscape
+2vyWW8fDcpU-00106-00024264-00024472 you
+2wvntmgDkbg-00000-00000025-00000730 hello and welcome
+2wvntmgDkbg-00001-00000731-00002215 I am Susan from Susan Lewis marketing
+2wvntmgDkbg-00002-00002216-00002812 welcome to graphics creator in use
+2wvntmgDkbg-00003-00002813-00003490 firstly
+2wvntmgDkbg-00004-00003492-00004396 I you a student or a member no try the
+2wvntmgDkbg-00005-00004397-00004915 graphics create a link
+2wvntmgDkbg-00006-00004916-00005604 you are a student or remember terrific
+2wvntmgDkbg-00007-00005605-00006291 let's get started then
+2wvntmgDkbg-00008-00006292-00007068 log in from SF in go through to the dbl
+2wvntmgDkbg-00009-00007069-00007521 there you are now go down to the
+2wvntmgDkbg-00010-00007522-00008184 graphics creator choose your e cover
+2wvntmgDkbg-00011-00008186-00008656 what it's going to be hey if you've come
+2wvntmgDkbg-00012-00008657-00009391 in from the dbl direct sign in now go to
+2wvntmgDkbg-00013-00009392-00009904 banner maker will make a picture or
+2wvntmgDkbg-00014-00009905-00010695 event of 300 by 300 pixels there it is
+2wvntmgDkbg-00015-00010696-00011392 what we're going to create with
+2wvntmgDkbg-00016-00011393-00011930 insert text
+2wvntmgDkbg-00017-00011931-00012698 choose to heavy fix or no effects for
+2wvntmgDkbg-00018-00012699-00012929 the purpose of this display let's choose
+2wvntmgDkbg-00019-00012930-00014047 little and effects see colorful
+2wvntmgDkbg-00020-00014049-00014707 add the text
+2wvntmgDkbg-00021-00014708-00015005 you will more than likely need to resize
+2wvntmgDkbg-00022-00015006-00015671 so drag and change there's the word
+2wvntmgDkbg-00023-00015672-00016535 little here's the word big as you see
+2wvntmgDkbg-00024-00016536-00017074 needs reach angel sizing there you go
+2wvntmgDkbg-00025-00017075-00017479 whoops i forgot to number the graphics
+2wvntmgDkbg-00026-00017480-00018080 and that is how you change the size
+2wvntmgDkbg-00027-00018081-00019176 follow the prompt there you go
+2wvntmgDkbg-00028-00019177-00019705 changed again
+2wvntmgDkbg-00030-00022749-00022976 oh yeah that's a really good one that
+2wvntmgDkbg-00031-00022977-00023397 one
+2wvntmgDkbg-00032-00023398-00024122 see now you modify the text
+2wvntmgDkbg-00033-00024123-00024755 you can make the letters arc swap them
+2wvntmgDkbg-00034-00024756-00026108 all around
+2wvntmgDkbg-00035-00026109-00026841 using the flip here goes big backwards
+2wvntmgDkbg-00036-00026842-00028193 and of course some things blue sea
+2wvntmgDkbg-00037-00028194-00028975 now the lease is shopping
+2wvntmgDkbg-00038-00028976-00029561 maybe the undo it didn't like it
+2wvntmgDkbg-00039-00029562-00030449 here you go little big things ah sign up
+2wvntmgDkbg-00040-00030450-00031051 and download
+2wvntmgDkbg-00041-00031052-00031527 ok now we're going to do the e cover
+2wvntmgDkbg-00042-00031527-00032417 choose your e cover
+2wvntmgDkbg-00043-00032418-00032993 have you signed up
+2wvntmgDkbg-00044-00032994-00033344 okay upload your own picture we've just
+2wvntmgDkbg-00045-00033345-00034333 created that from your files
+2wvntmgDkbg-00046-00034334-00035037 in your computer
+2wvntmgDkbg-00047-00035038-00035307 there it is so you'll need to click on
+2wvntmgDkbg-00048-00035308-00035784 it and it'll get a frame around it when
+2wvntmgDkbg-00049-00035785-00035973 the frames there you've got the left on
+2wvntmgDkbg-00050-00035974-00036291 the right side the right sides what it's
+2wvntmgDkbg-00051-00036292-00036801 actually going to look like ok select
+2wvntmgDkbg-00052-00036802-00037595 and continue there it is looks ok I
+2wvntmgDkbg-00053-00037596-00038199 think ah must claim your creation put
+2wvntmgDkbg-00054-00038200-00039387 your name on it sign up we finalize the
+2wvntmgDkbg-00055-00039388-00040091 picture
+2wvntmgDkbg-00056-00040092-00040821 put your stamp on it
+2wvntmgDkbg-00057-00040822-00041434 okay well maybe not this one
+2wvntmgDkbg-00058-00041435-00042366 so you can go to font
+2wvntmgDkbg-00059-00042367-00042996 oh ok try again you see you need to
+2wvntmgDkbg-00060-00042997-00044506 think of sizing that's better
+2wvntmgDkbg-00061-00044507-00045117 Oh copy the words
+2wvntmgDkbg-00062-00045118-00045627 you can change them as well
+2wvntmgDkbg-00063-00045628-00046064 okay those ones look too big will change
+2wvntmgDkbg-00064-00046065-00046593 them
+2wvntmgDkbg-00065-00046594-00047448 p for finalization undo button is handy
+2wvntmgDkbg-00066-00047449-00048246 if anything needs and doing oh yes um it
+2wvntmgDkbg-00067-00048247-00048651 helps to sign there's the finalized
+2wvntmgDkbg-00068-00048652-00049317 button finalize this is the slowest time
+2wvntmgDkbg-00069-00049318-00050022 of all whoopsie-daisy forgot to check
+2wvntmgDkbg-00070-00050023-00050364 the spine see how the curves rivers are
+2wvntmgDkbg-00071-00050365-00050834 curved our will change the coloring on
+2wvntmgDkbg-00072-00050835-00051491 the borders behind this is yellow see
+2wvntmgDkbg-00073-00051492-00051929 where you change the number the color
+2wvntmgDkbg-00074-00051930-00052170 coding number to the back and you get a
+2wvntmgDkbg-00075-00052171-00052641 blue background now change your back
+2wvntmgDkbg-00076-00052641-00053528 okay that's where the spine is
+2wvntmgDkbg-00077-00053529-00054672 so you upload it again long way
+2wvntmgDkbg-00078-00054673-00055035 and you can create your cavity cover
+2wvntmgDkbg-00079-00055036-00055674 from here see you've already got it
+2wvntmgDkbg-00080-00055675-00055916 downloaded sitting there waiting for you
+2wvntmgDkbg-00081-00055917-00056849 all over this it's a fantastic feature
+2wvntmgDkbg-00082-00056850-00057467 there's your edit button
+2wvntmgDkbg-00083-00057469-00058229 these your edit button
+2wvntmgDkbg-00084-00058229-00058562 now check all three you text effect your
+2wvntmgDkbg-00085-00058563-00058991 font and the alignment you've got to
+2wvntmgDkbg-00086-00058991-00059333 remember that there is a balance area
+2wvntmgDkbg-00087-00059334-00059774 you'll lose your work see little big
+2wvntmgDkbg-00088-00059775-00060166 things you can stretch it around change
+2wvntmgDkbg-00089-00060167-00060584 its position hey there where it's been
+2wvntmgDkbg-00090-00060585-00061433 to be okay there's the sign upsign just
+2wvntmgDkbg-00091-00061434-00062517 a reminder go back into the area here
+2wvntmgDkbg-00092-00062519-00063158 choose your picture your ebook cover go
+2wvntmgDkbg-00093-00063159-00063773 back into the e-book create Ecover hit
+2wvntmgDkbg-00094-00063774-00064554 the arrow
+2wvntmgDkbg-00095-00064555-00065196 upload your own picture
+2wvntmgDkbg-00096-00065197-00065456 okay you know this one was okay so
+2wvntmgDkbg-00097-00065457-00065640 you're going to upload it you've done
+2wvntmgDkbg-00098-00065641-00066585 that and now select and continue that is
+2wvntmgDkbg-00099-00066586-00066840 what your picture is got your ET cover
+2wvntmgDkbg-00100-00066841-00067607 is going to look like okay so we still
+2wvntmgDkbg-00101-00067608-00068210 taken back there you're confirming by
+2wvntmgDkbg-00102-00068211-00068841 finalizing see the button there's one
+2wvntmgDkbg-00103-00068842-00069476 book ii cover book another one with a
+2wvntmgDkbg-00104-00069477-00071519 blue background count time to download
+2wvntmgDkbg-00105-00071520-00072190 Oh white background
+2wvntmgDkbg-00106-00072191-00072567 one base picture several different at
+2wvntmgDkbg-00107-00072568-00073042 mission applicant next altar to suit for
+2wvntmgDkbg-00108-00073043-00073738 the video clip you want to make now try
+2wvntmgDkbg-00109-00073739-00074271 the graphics creator out hit the link
+2wvntmgDkbg-00110-00074272-00074652 graphics creator is now in use
+2wvntmgDkbg-00111-00074653-00075037 congratulations you've done well this is
+2wvntmgDkbg-00112-00075038-00075304 Susan from Susan Lewis marketing we'll
+2wvntmgDkbg-00113-00075305-00075682 meet again thank you
+2ytf6qPzHio-00000-00000000-00000356 here it started recording all right hmm
+2ytf6qPzHio-00001-00000357-00000722 here we go okay so we got a gazebo and
+2ytf6qPzHio-00002-00000723-00001108 we've got a what is this patio porch
+2ytf6qPzHio-00003-00001109-00001457 here's a patio and we want to be able to
+2ytf6qPzHio-00004-00001458-00001612 get up on top of the patio because
+2ytf6qPzHio-00005-00001613-00001748 there's a big flat space up there so I
+2ytf6qPzHio-00006-00001748-00002083 made these walkways and they're made of
+2ytf6qPzHio-00007-00002084-00002710 welded EMT this stuff and what it's not
+2ytf6qPzHio-00008-00002711-00002926 focusing focus focus there
+2ytf6qPzHio-00009-00002927-00003164 there we go EMT and we painted it
+2ytf6qPzHio-00010-00003165-00003467 everybody helped paint it and there's a
+2ytf6qPzHio-00011-00003468-00004334 step that goes on here go hey and none
+2ytf6qPzHio-00012-00004335-00004460 of the kids are allowed up on it right
+2ytf6qPzHio-00013-00004461-00004849 now because it's a little bit too spooky
+2ytf6qPzHio-00014-00004850-00005272 but let's see if I can make it up there
+2ytf6qPzHio-00015-00005273-00005788 so the railing is just a rope that runs
+2ytf6qPzHio-00016-00005789-00006478 across these things and there we go huh
+2ytf6qPzHio-00017-00006479-00006751 so you don't drop it now I wanted to
+2ytf6qPzHio-00018-00006752-00006883 have it up here with me so that I can
+2ytf6qPzHio-00019-00006884-00007186 hear myself because because the audio
+2ytf6qPzHio-00020-00007187-00007509 from that camera isn't gonna be so great
+2ytf6qPzHio-00021-00007509-00008047 and there we are up on the gazebo hi you
+2ytf6qPzHio-00022-00008048-00008650 can if you want a little bit hard to see
+2ytf6qPzHio-00023-00008651-00008971 me a little bit scary so then there's
+2ytf6qPzHio-00024-00008972-00009664 the the roof of the porch on the other
+2ytf6qPzHio-00025-00009665-00009829 side I don't want it to feel safe
+2ytf6qPzHio-00026-00009830-00010105 because it's not actually safe so this
+2ytf6qPzHio-00027-00010106-00010333 is all braced on there's a big heavy
+2ytf6qPzHio-00028-00010334-00012025 beam and there we go across this way you
+2ytf6qPzHio-00029-00012026-00012340 want to make a video to okay and there
+2ytf6qPzHio-00030-00012341-00012432 we go
+2ytf6qPzHio-00031-00012433-00013003 Here I am up here on the roof and so as
+2ytf6qPzHio-00032-00013004-00013544 a fun project the kids help to paint and
+2ytf6qPzHio-00033-00013545-00013855 they like watching the welds all the
+2ytf6qPzHio-00034-00013856-00014035 welding they like watching it big they
+2ytf6qPzHio-00035-00014036-00014196 call it fireworks so this is the
+2ytf6qPzHio-00036-00014197-00014485 fireworks show apparently look doesn't
+2ytf6qPzHio-00037-00014486-00014713 want to focus there we go
+2ytf6qPzHio-00038-00014713-00015072 yeah so it's all braced on there with
+2ytf6qPzHio-00039-00015073-00015571 EMT it's been welded and screwed in and
+2ytf6qPzHio-00040-00015572-00015793 stuff
+2_wMXYtKiJI-00000-00000171-00000794 [Music]
+2_wMXYtKiJI-00001-00000795-00000943 [Music]
+2_wMXYtKiJI-00002-00000944-00001357 so
+2_wMXYtKiJI-00003-00001358-00001663 [Music]
+2_wMXYtKiJI-00004-00001664-00001872 you
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00000-00000000-00000209 welcome back to Kids Fun Science my name
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00001-00000210-00000430 is Ken and today's experiment is the
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00002-00000431-00000701 rubber band cup rocket launcher so
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00003-00000702-00000935 basically you need rubber bands you need
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00004-00000936-00001283 uh three or four cups and uh then you're
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00005-00001284-00001493 off to ready to go so one cup is empty
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00006-00001494-00001787 no rubber band that is your launcher and
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00007-00001788-00001991 then you're gonna use another cup and
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00008-00001992-00002129 you're just going to put a rubber band
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00009-00002130-00002357 all the way around it and that's going
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00010-00002358-00002542 to be your rocket right so this set is
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00011-00002543-00002776 pretty easy grab a cup and just put a
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00012-00002777-00002945 rubber band all the way around it for
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00013-00002946-00003118 the first one so we only have one rubber
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00014-00003119-00003353 band for the second experiment just add
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00015-00003354-00003538 a second rubber band and a plus sign
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00016-00003539-00003695 right there you can tape it down if you
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00017-00003696-00003935 want to but you don't need to
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00018-00003936-00004115 there was just a regular cup with no
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00019-00004116-00004349 rubber band and you put it down and then
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00020-00004350-00004685 you're going to take your rocket with a
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00021-00004686-00004822 rubber band and you're going to stretch
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00022-00004823-00005027 it down to the bottom here as far as
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00023-00005028-00005213 it'll let it go and then you're gonna
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00024-00005214-00005375 try to release both fingers at the same
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00025-00005376-00005531 time
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00026-00005532-00005813 okay shoots out so pretty good they're
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00027-00005814-00005981 gonna angle off if you don't do it
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00028-00005982-00006179 exactly if you do this side one side
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00029-00006180-00006400 then let go here it's going to angle to
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00030-00006401-00006592 the side as you kind of saw there so
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00031-00006593-00006713 we're going to try to make an attempt to
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00032-00006714-00006989 do it again with the smaller cups
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00033-00006990-00007170 um and we'll let go
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00034-00007172-00007546 I need to shut that way yeah but hence
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00035-00007547-00007775 the potential energy storing up the
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00036-00007776-00007978 kinetic energy is released we're gonna
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00037-00007979-00008321 go uh one more step up to see by
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00038-00008322-00008609 increasing it to two rubber bands will
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00039-00008610-00008807 it go a little higher the first one went
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00040-00008808-00008981 about three feet we're going to measure
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00041-00008982-00009155 in a little bit but um we're gonna see
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00042-00009156-00009335 if this goes any higher so we're going
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00043-00009336-00009563 to take our launcher we got two rubber
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00044-00009564-00009773 bands here and they're just flipped
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00045-00009774-00009953 right over put it right in the middle
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00046-00009954-00010109 here you're going to try to release it
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00047-00010110-00010409 at the same time uh that's the tricky
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00048-00010410-00010642 part but it's still going to launch
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00049-00010643-00011063 and uh
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00050-00011064-00011278 definitely has a little more power
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00051-00011279-00011477 um it angled still probably about the
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00052-00011478-00011614 same height but it felt like it was
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00053-00011615-00011806 going up a little bit faster so let's
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00054-00011807-00012053 try a smaller cup same thing we got two
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00055-00012054-00012323 rubber bands these are both 64s so
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00056-00012324-00012527 they're a little thicker on the rubber
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00057-00012528-00012677 band
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00058-00012678-00012880 pull it down you can feel I can feel the
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00059-00012881-00013049 tension already so that potential energy
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00060-00013050-00013769 is just storing in it
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00061-00013769-00013955 four feet
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00062-00013956-00014093 um so that definitely want a good good
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00063-00014094-00014291 distance on there all right so we're
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00064-00014291-00014536 doing the larger cup now I think I'm
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00065-00014537-00014866 just gonna we know the we know the uh
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00066-00014868-00015053 oh you know the the jugular band's gonna
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00067-00015054-00015365 go higher so I'm just gonna skip uh the
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00068-00015366-00015616 similar band here we're gonna go double
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00069-00015618-00016013 rubber bands double rocket so double
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00070-00016013-00016193 here
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00071-00016194-00016567 I'll show you in a second so I got
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00072-00016568-00016853 all right I got two rubber bands on each
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00073-00016854-00017183 one we got one launcher right here and
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00074-00017184-00017483 then we're going to put the first rocket
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00075-00017484-00017765 down and then the second rocket down and
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00076-00017766-00017855 we're gonna see if we can hit the
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00077-00017856-00018029 ceiling with these larger uh rubber
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00078-00018030-00018629 bands pull down
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00079-00018630-00018941 I'll definitely hit the uh top of the
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00080-00018942-00019180 ceiling very hard and get it straight
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00081-00019181-00019535 back down uh definitely the highest
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00082-00019536-00019744 launch so far so
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00083-00019745-00020135 results are uh when you have the larger
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00084-00020136-00020477 cups and the double rubber band it
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00085-00020478-00020753 definitely shoots the highest so uh I
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00086-00020754-00020879 will come back and tell you the science
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00087-00020880-00021172 behind it right after this
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00088-00021173-00021383 so potential and kinetic energy the
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00089-00021384-00021605 science behind this is as you stretch
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00090-00021606-00021875 down the rubber band uh over the cup
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00091-00021876-00022114 you're storing up energy by putting
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00092-00022115-00022336 tension on the rubber band The stored up
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00093-00022337-00022594 energy is called potential energy the
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00094-00022595-00022841 more the rubber band stretches the more
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00095-00022842-00023105 energy that is stored this is why the
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00096-00023106-00023314 further the launcher is pressed down
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00097-00023315-00023669 over the cup the further it flies up
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00098-00023670-00023914 when you release the rubber band the
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00099-00023915-00024185 tension is is released is the potential
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00100-00024186-00024436 energy that's transformed into kinetic
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00101-00024437-00024803 energy which is energy in motion
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00102-00024804-00025025 I hope you like this uh video if you did
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00103-00025026-00025253 remember to click thumbs up and to
+2_PkPEFg0n0-00104-00025254-00025633 subscribe thanks for watching
+2C1BakLPxxQ-00000-00000048-00000351 if you weren't there at lacey green's uh
+2C1BakLPxxQ-00001-00000352-00000543 charity drive
+2C1BakLPxxQ-00002-00000544-00000839 then you missed out we had a troll
+2C1BakLPxxQ-00003-00000840-00001039 probably one of the richest trolls we've
+2C1BakLPxxQ-00004-00001040-00001191 ever had
+2C1BakLPxxQ-00005-00001192-00001415 and
+2C1BakLPxxQ-00006-00001416-00001527 he
+2C1BakLPxxQ-00007-00001528-00001767 was saying he was going to donate twenty
+2C1BakLPxxQ-00008-00001768-00001902 thousand dollars
+2C1BakLPxxQ-00009-00001903-00001991 uh
+2C1BakLPxxQ-00010-00001992-00002207 but we had to answer riddle
+2C1BakLPxxQ-00011-00002208-00002439 and in the very end we never quite got
+2C1BakLPxxQ-00012-00002440-00002671 the answer but he
+2C1BakLPxxQ-00013-00002672-00002958 uh gave us a song sort of
+2C1BakLPxxQ-00014-00002959-00003110 or gave uh
+2C1BakLPxxQ-00015-00003111-00003335 lacy green a song
+2C1BakLPxxQ-00016-00003336-00003663 and said he was the fresh prince of hong
+2C1BakLPxxQ-00017-00003664-00003838 kong
+2C1BakLPxxQ-00018-00003839-00003943 uh
+2C1BakLPxxQ-00019-00003944-00004103 basically the fresh prince of bel-air
+2C1BakLPxxQ-00020-00004104-00004527 and put hong kong in bel air and
+2C1BakLPxxQ-00021-00004528-00004895 said his name was wall smoth
+2C1BakLPxxQ-00022-00004896-00005159 best troll ever because right after that
+2C1BakLPxxQ-00023-00005160-00005543 he donated 20 000 to the charity
+2C1BakLPxxQ-00024-00005544-00005683 so
+2C1BakLPxxQ-00025-00005684-00005975 uh apparently we're gonna be able to see
+2C1BakLPxxQ-00026-00005976-00006054 uh
+2C1BakLPxxQ-00027-00006055-00006206 where she's gonna try to get the checks
+2C1BakLPxxQ-00028-00006207-00006391 into her and then donated directly to
+2C1BakLPxxQ-00029-00006392-00006583 her fund so we'll see how that goes
+2C1BakLPxxQ-00030-00006584-00006855 it'll be very interesting and
+2C1BakLPxxQ-00031-00006856-00007119 there was a very interesting blog tv
+2C1BakLPxxQ-00032-00007120-00007431 quite possibly the longest uh
+2C1BakLPxxQ-00033-00007431-00007606 and most interesting at the same time
+2C1BakLPxxQ-00034-00007608-00007870 blog tv i think it was like 36 hours or
+2C1BakLPxxQ-00035-00007872-00008046 something like that i don't know
+2C1BakLPxxQ-00036-00008047-00008207 but it was really long i didn't stay the
+2C1BakLPxxQ-00037-00008208-00008391 whole time but i was there for quite a
+2C1BakLPxxQ-00038-00008392-00008574 bit of it and it was
+2C1BakLPxxQ-00039-00008575-00008823 epic
+2C1BakLPxxQ-00040-00008824-00009023 he was the best troll
+2C1BakLPxxQ-00041-00009024-00009263 ever
+2C1BakLPxxQ-00042-00009264-00009423 wall smoth
+2C1BakLPxxQ-00043-00009424-00009655 or whatever your name isn't on
+2C1BakLPxxQ-00044-00009656-00010574 thank you
+2C1BakLPxxQ-00045-00010575-00010784 you
+2D-NFr4U_Mu-00000-00000396-00002151 [Music]
+2D-NFr4U_Mu-00001-00002152-00003073 that's good
+2D-NFr4U_Mu-00002-00003074-00004283 [Music]
+2D-NFr4U_Mu-00003-00004284-00004641 um
+2D-NFr4U_Mu-00004-00004642-00005683 [Music]
+2D-NFr4U_Mu-00005-00005684-00005784 i'm
+2D-NFr4U_Mu-00007-00011284-00011501 um
+2D-NFr4U_Mu-00008-00011502-00012683 [Music]
+2D-NFr4U_Mu-00009-00012684-00012913 um
+2D-NFr4U_Mu-00010-00012915-00014083 [Music]
+2D-NFr4U_Mu-00011-00014084-00015483 time
+2D-NFr4U_Mu-00012-00015484-00016446 do
+2D-NFr4U_Mu-00013-00016447-00018283 [Music]
+2D-NFr4U_Mu-00014-00018284-00018573 do
+2D-NFr4U_Mu-00015-00018574-00020091 [Music]
+2D-NFr4U_Mu-00016-00020092-00020878 [Music]
+2D-NFr4U_Mu-00017-00020879-00021087 you
+2IglMaLsjzA-00000-00000330-00000495 [Music]
+2IglMaLsjzA-00001-00000496-00000686 welcome to the watermark photography
+2IglMaLsjzA-00002-00000687-00000799 podcast
+2IglMaLsjzA-00003-00000800-00001015 an international offering of semarca
+2IglMaLsjzA-00004-00001016-00001135 diagoa
+2IglMaLsjzA-00005-00001136-00001319 a podcast for professionals and
+2IglMaLsjzA-00006-00001320-00001550 enthusiasts to connect and share their
+2IglMaLsjzA-00007-00001551-00001679 stories
+2IglMaLsjzA-00008-00001680-00001959 i'm jessica duque flood photographer and
+2IglMaLsjzA-00009-00001960-00002134 your host
+2IglMaLsjzA-00010-00002135-00002623 this podcast is brought to you by
+2IglMaLsjzA-00011-00002624-00003071 sigma sigmabenelux.com
+2IglMaLsjzA-00012-00003072-00003703 soho brand studio
+2IglMaLsjzA-00013-00003704-00004670 ytbakdrops.com
+2IglMaLsjzA-00014-00004671-00004879 for making fast photography is a form of
+2IglMaLsjzA-00015-00004880-00005038 communication
+2IglMaLsjzA-00016-00005039-00005159 an outlet
+2IglMaLsjzA-00017-00005160-00005631 an art form a hobby and since march 2015
+2IglMaLsjzA-00018-00005632-00005951 it became her full-time job
+2IglMaLsjzA-00019-00005952-00006134 micah worked as a teacher speech
+2IglMaLsjzA-00020-00006135-00006343 specialist in special and regular
+2IglMaLsjzA-00021-00006344-00006550 education
+2IglMaLsjzA-00022-00006551-00006806 the core of mike's photography lies in
+2IglMaLsjzA-00023-00006808-00006998 the interaction between the photographer
+2IglMaLsjzA-00024-00007000-00007167 and the model
+2IglMaLsjzA-00025-00007168-00007391 the feeling that comes up during each
+2IglMaLsjzA-00026-00007392-00007614 photoshoot is different
+2IglMaLsjzA-00027-00007615-00007895 she approaches her models camely
+2IglMaLsjzA-00028-00007895-00008303 expectantly and intuitively
+2IglMaLsjzA-00029-00008304-00008510 she perceived the subject's state of
+2IglMaLsjzA-00030-00008511-00008735 mind by reading their eyes
+2IglMaLsjzA-00031-00008736-00008951 it really comes down to a form of
+2IglMaLsjzA-00032-00008952-00009199 mindfulness
+2IglMaLsjzA-00033-00009200-00009406 with her photography she wants to give
+2IglMaLsjzA-00034-00009407-00009599 value to things that are important in
+2IglMaLsjzA-00035-00009600-00010014 life but are often taken for granted
+2IglMaLsjzA-00036-00010015-00010214 she had worked with important clients
+2IglMaLsjzA-00037-00010215-00010623 such as rabobank greenpeace pco vitek
+2IglMaLsjzA-00038-00010624-00010774 among others
+2IglMaLsjzA-00039-00010775-00011071 nikon netherlands and sigma benelux as
+2IglMaLsjzA-00040-00011072-00011351 brand ambassador
+2IglMaLsjzA-00041-00011352-00011614 this is no watermark photography podcast
+2IglMaLsjzA-00042-00011615-00012359 welcome micah fast portrait photographer
+2IglMaLsjzA-00043-00012360-00012655 and today i'm really happy to have here
+2IglMaLsjzA-00044-00012656-00012838 and at the no watermark photography
+2IglMaLsjzA-00045-00012839-00013143 podcast uh my dear friend micah faz
+2IglMaLsjzA-00046-00013144-00013351 she's an excellent photographer she's
+2IglMaLsjzA-00047-00013352-00013622 super talented she has her own studio
+2IglMaLsjzA-00048-00013623-00013847 she has three kids i don't know how she
+2IglMaLsjzA-00049-00013847-00014094 does it like that's my question all the
+2IglMaLsjzA-00050-00014095-00014319 time how do you do it and how are you
+2IglMaLsjzA-00051-00014319-00014471 mike welcome to the no watermark
+2IglMaLsjzA-00052-00014472-00014703 photography podcast i'm really happy to
+2IglMaLsjzA-00053-00014704-00014927 have you here
+2IglMaLsjzA-00054-00014928-00015279 thank you i'm really honored
+2IglMaLsjzA-00055-00015280-00015543 good to see you again yes
+2IglMaLsjzA-00056-00015544-00015871 well i don't see you since november last
+2IglMaLsjzA-00057-00015872-00016143 year to be honest but we are like you
+2IglMaLsjzA-00058-00016144-00016391 know in touch via sms or
+2IglMaLsjzA-00059-00016392-00016575 dms on instagram i'm always like
+2IglMaLsjzA-00060-00016576-00016799 checking what you're doing and and you
+2IglMaLsjzA-00061-00016800-00016999 are the responsible of my my latest
+2IglMaLsjzA-00062-00017000-00017271 pictures my profile pictures and i was
+2IglMaLsjzA-00063-00017272-00017415 so happy to
+2IglMaLsjzA-00064-00017416-00017711 to be at your studio and to have the
+2IglMaLsjzA-00065-00017712-00017855 honor that you photographed me because
+2IglMaLsjzA-00066-00017856-00018119 i'm really really really difficult it is
+2IglMaLsjzA-00067-00018120-00018383 really for i think for all of us when we
+2IglMaLsjzA-00068-00018384-00018599 are behind the camera to be in front of
+2IglMaLsjzA-00069-00018600-00018767 the camera correct
+2IglMaLsjzA-00070-00018768-00018927 i think we are behind the camera for a
+2IglMaLsjzA-00071-00018928-00019030 reason
+2IglMaLsjzA-00072-00019031-00019222 exactly
+2IglMaLsjzA-00073-00019223-00019455 but i i i'm really happy with the
+2IglMaLsjzA-00074-00019456-00019814 results and i knew immediately that okay
+2IglMaLsjzA-00075-00019815-00020094 i have to get my pictures like with her
+2IglMaLsjzA-00076-00020095-00020294 because you are such a professional and
+2IglMaLsjzA-00077-00020295-00020478 you have a beautiful and particular
+2IglMaLsjzA-00078-00020479-00020719 style i love your colors i love how you
+2IglMaLsjzA-00079-00020720-00020886 handle the lights
+2IglMaLsjzA-00080-00020887-00021143 everything is beautiful and so creative
+2IglMaLsjzA-00081-00021144-00021407 about your work well thank you likewise
+2IglMaLsjzA-00082-00021408-00021678 yeah thank you so much okay can you tell
+2IglMaLsjzA-00083-00021679-00021775 us
+2IglMaLsjzA-00084-00021776-00022030 who are you and how did everything
+2IglMaLsjzA-00085-00022031-00022167 started
+2IglMaLsjzA-00086-00022168-00022303 well um
+2IglMaLsjzA-00087-00022304-00022494 yeah most of it you already mentioned
+2IglMaLsjzA-00088-00022495-00022758 amica i'm 40.
+2IglMaLsjzA-00089-00022759-00022983 um i have three kids
+2IglMaLsjzA-00090-00022984-00023263 uh it started when i was young i already
+2IglMaLsjzA-00091-00023264-00023455 loved photography
+2IglMaLsjzA-00092-00023456-00023663 nevertheless i decided to
+2IglMaLsjzA-00093-00023664-00023807 do something else
+2IglMaLsjzA-00094-00023808-00024055 maybe because it was more secure more
+2IglMaLsjzA-00095-00024056-00024207 work so i
+2IglMaLsjzA-00096-00024208-00024399 worked for a few years in special
+2IglMaLsjzA-00097-00024400-00024758 education with kids between 12 and 18.
+2IglMaLsjzA-00098-00024759-00024919 with autism
+2IglMaLsjzA-00099-00024920-00025158 dyslexia adhd
+2IglMaLsjzA-00100-00025159-00025367 i love that but
+2IglMaLsjzA-00101-00025368-00025599 well then i got really ill and then i
+2IglMaLsjzA-00102-00025600-00025839 thought okay life could be short can be
+2IglMaLsjzA-00103-00025839-00026070 short can be over tomorrow it doesn't
+2IglMaLsjzA-00104-00026072-00026231 have to be like that but
+2IglMaLsjzA-00105-00026232-00026439 it opened my eyes and then i decided to
+2IglMaLsjzA-00106-00026439-00026727 do what i love and that's photography so
+2IglMaLsjzA-00107-00026727-00027031 i completely changed the course
+2IglMaLsjzA-00108-00027032-00027311 yeah and that is an inspiring story
+2IglMaLsjzA-00109-00027312-00027535 because we when we met you told me
+2IglMaLsjzA-00110-00027536-00027711 everything and i was like
+2IglMaLsjzA-00111-00027712-00027990 wow we we end up here like being
+2IglMaLsjzA-00112-00027991-00028183 photographers because it's a beautiful
+2IglMaLsjzA-00113-00028183-00028518 scape if i can call it like that
+2IglMaLsjzA-00114-00028519-00028639 like
+2IglMaLsjzA-00115-00028639-00028855 i mentioned before many times that i was
+2IglMaLsjzA-00116-00028856-00029070 a graphic designer and i was so
+2IglMaLsjzA-00117-00029072-00029439 fed up of the agency work and how is the
+2IglMaLsjzA-00118-00029439-00029774 advertising work the atmosphere and
+2IglMaLsjzA-00119-00029775-00029951 everything and i needed something else
+2IglMaLsjzA-00120-00029952-00030214 and i found my piece
+2IglMaLsjzA-00121-00030216-00030502 and and my niche in a food photography
+2IglMaLsjzA-00122-00030503-00030814 and the same happened to you
+2IglMaLsjzA-00123-00030816-00030974 amazing
+2IglMaLsjzA-00124-00030975-00031246 so tell me something can you describe
+2IglMaLsjzA-00125-00031247-00031558 your work and how is your process once
+2IglMaLsjzA-00126-00031560-00031823 your clients uh contact you and they
+2IglMaLsjzA-00127-00031824-00032070 want to photoshoot with you
+2IglMaLsjzA-00128-00032072-00032279 i try to not um
+2IglMaLsjzA-00129-00032280-00032558 decide everything in advance
+2IglMaLsjzA-00130-00032560-00032711 sometimes people get a bit nervous
+2IglMaLsjzA-00131-00032712-00032927 because that i don't ask them questions
+2IglMaLsjzA-00132-00032928-00033111 i do ask well what do you want what do
+2IglMaLsjzA-00133-00033112-00033246 you need it for
+2IglMaLsjzA-00134-00033247-00033462 and then i basically stop asking and i
+2IglMaLsjzA-00135-00033463-00033543 just
+2IglMaLsjzA-00136-00033544-00033751 meet the person in front of me
+2IglMaLsjzA-00137-00033752-00033918 and then it's just like buying new
+2IglMaLsjzA-00138-00033919-00034231 clothes i i start looking what suits the
+2IglMaLsjzA-00139-00034232-00034327 person
+2IglMaLsjzA-00140-00034328-00034567 color-wise light-wise
+2IglMaLsjzA-00141-00034568-00034759 i talk to them i get to know them and
+2IglMaLsjzA-00142-00034760-00034999 then something
+2IglMaLsjzA-00143-00035000-00035111 develops
+2IglMaLsjzA-00144-00035112-00035423 so it's it's a process that i can only
+2IglMaLsjzA-00145-00035424-00035511 do
+2IglMaLsjzA-00146-00035512-00035735 when the person is with me in the same
+2IglMaLsjzA-00147-00035736-00035951 room in front of my camera
+2IglMaLsjzA-00148-00035952-00036174 so my process is
+2IglMaLsjzA-00149-00036175-00036295 well pretty
+2IglMaLsjzA-00150-00036296-00036439 how do you say that
+2IglMaLsjzA-00151-00036440-00036871 i use my intuition
+2IglMaLsjzA-00152-00036872-00037071 that's amazing and uh one of the things
+2IglMaLsjzA-00153-00037072-00037351 that i read about you is like do you
+2IglMaLsjzA-00154-00037352-00037495 like to capture
+2IglMaLsjzA-00155-00037496-00037702 like the innocence of the people when
+2IglMaLsjzA-00156-00037703-00037783 you
+2IglMaLsjzA-00157-00037784-00038062 when you're photographing them well in a
+2IglMaLsjzA-00158-00038063-00038230 sense much
+2IglMaLsjzA-00159-00038231-00038407 maybe yeah maybe
+2IglMaLsjzA-00160-00038408-00038583 um
+2IglMaLsjzA-00161-00038584-00038783 i have to think about that actually i
+2IglMaLsjzA-00162-00038784-00038999 like to change the the
+2IglMaLsjzA-00163-00039000-00039143 uniqueness
+2IglMaLsjzA-00164-00039144-00039390 the the weirdness i love it everyone has
+2IglMaLsjzA-00165-00039391-00039671 it the vulnerability
+2IglMaLsjzA-00166-00039672-00039830 um
+2IglMaLsjzA-00167-00039831-00039918 yes
+2IglMaLsjzA-00168-00039919-00040302 when you know when you um
+2IglMaLsjzA-00169-00040303-00040567 when you get to love someone
+2IglMaLsjzA-00170-00040568-00040735 they become beautiful
+2IglMaLsjzA-00171-00040736-00040983 yes and that's interesting to me that's
+2IglMaLsjzA-00172-00040984-00041174 more interesting than looks
+2IglMaLsjzA-00173-00041175-00041471 i i want to find out why people love
+2IglMaLsjzA-00174-00041472-00041671 that person and that's what i try to
+2IglMaLsjzA-00175-00041672-00041815 capture
+2IglMaLsjzA-00176-00041816-00041983 amazing and
+2IglMaLsjzA-00177-00041984-00042262 do you have like a special ritual when
+2IglMaLsjzA-00178-00042263-00042462 you're photographing and
+2IglMaLsjzA-00179-00042463-00042646 everybody because i remember from my
+2IglMaLsjzA-00180-00042647-00042790 experience with you
+2IglMaLsjzA-00181-00042791-00043062 we talked for about an hour before
+2IglMaLsjzA-00182-00043063-00043246 starting the photo shoot and i was so
+2IglMaLsjzA-00183-00043247-00043415 worried about your time and then you
+2IglMaLsjzA-00184-00043416-00043711 said don't worry we have uh the whole
+2IglMaLsjzA-00185-00043712-00043999 day for for us so first i need to get to
+2IglMaLsjzA-00186-00044000-00044151 know you and
+2IglMaLsjzA-00187-00044152-00044390 and then we will you know we will start
+2IglMaLsjzA-00188-00044391-00044615 shooting shooting shooting and then
+2IglMaLsjzA-00189-00044616-00044895 i remember one of the exercises uh how
+2IglMaLsjzA-00190-00044896-00045127 you made me feel comfortable in my own
+2IglMaLsjzA-00191-00045128-00045374 skin like okay close your eyes and then
+2IglMaLsjzA-00192-00045375-00045783 boom open them and then you start like
+2IglMaLsjzA-00193-00045784-00045902 and
+2IglMaLsjzA-00194-00045903-00046062 do you have like a special ritual is
+2IglMaLsjzA-00195-00046063-00046183 that part of your ritual as a
+2IglMaLsjzA-00196-00046184-00046367 photographer to make feel you know make
+2IglMaLsjzA-00197-00046368-00046574 the people feel uh comfortable in front
+2IglMaLsjzA-00198-00046575-00046695 of the camera
+2IglMaLsjzA-00199-00046696-00046862 well it's interesting to hear that you
+2IglMaLsjzA-00200-00046863-00047071 mentioned this because i know i do it
+2IglMaLsjzA-00201-00047072-00047327 but i'm not really aware of it
+2IglMaLsjzA-00202-00047328-00047502 um
+2IglMaLsjzA-00203-00047503-00047815 well i i think i realized how it feels
+2IglMaLsjzA-00204-00047816-00047983 to be in front of a camera you feel
+2IglMaLsjzA-00205-00047984-00048143 vulnerable
+2IglMaLsjzA-00206-00048144-00048318 you feel
+2IglMaLsjzA-00207-00048319-00048583 yeah you feel like really i go to
+2IglMaLsjzA-00208-00048584-00048830 people's personal space and i respect
+2IglMaLsjzA-00209-00048831-00049127 that and i i value that so i try to be
+2IglMaLsjzA-00210-00049128-00049374 respectful and i try to make them feel
+2IglMaLsjzA-00211-00049375-00049511 like they can
+2IglMaLsjzA-00212-00049512-00049790 be in control so by asking them to close
+2IglMaLsjzA-00213-00049791-00049943 their eyes and open it when they are
+2IglMaLsjzA-00214-00049944-00050239 ready i hope that they feel that
+2IglMaLsjzA-00215-00050240-00050439 they have control of the situation
+2IglMaLsjzA-00216-00050440-00050615 because i don't want to get too close to
+2IglMaLsjzA-00217-00050616-00050815 people when they don't feel like it i
+2IglMaLsjzA-00218-00050816-00051046 don't have any rituals no well maybe i
+2IglMaLsjzA-00219-00051047-00051287 do yes i think other people have to tell
+2IglMaLsjzA-00220-00051288-00051414 me
+2IglMaLsjzA-00221-00051415-00051654 i think you do because from that moment
+2IglMaLsjzA-00222-00051655-00051823 and also because you talk with a really
+2IglMaLsjzA-00223-00051824-00052087 soft voice do you make uh you make
+2IglMaLsjzA-00224-00052088-00052358 people feel in this in this case me you
+2IglMaLsjzA-00225-00052359-00052694 make me feel like i'm in a safe space
+2IglMaLsjzA-00226-00052695-00052919 and i think that's really important i
+2IglMaLsjzA-00227-00052920-00053175 had an experience or yeah not an
+2IglMaLsjzA-00228-00053176-00053447 experience like several experiences with
+2IglMaLsjzA-00229-00053448-00053615 portrait photos
+2IglMaLsjzA-00230-00053616-00053863 and i'm really difficult because first i
+2IglMaLsjzA-00231-00053864-00054159 need to be in control of everything
+2IglMaLsjzA-00232-00054160-00054438 of my emotions of my gestures of my
+2IglMaLsjzA-00233-00054439-00054742 everything and then you made me forget
+2IglMaLsjzA-00234-00054744-00054966 about that oh thank you
+2IglMaLsjzA-00235-00054967-00055326 i'm happy to hear that yes yeah and then
+2IglMaLsjzA-00236-00055327-00055487 when i see the results of all the
+2IglMaLsjzA-00237-00055488-00055823 pictures i feel like so comfortable and
+2IglMaLsjzA-00238-00055824-00056087 i don't know from that moment i really
+2IglMaLsjzA-00239-00056088-00056487 like how i look and i'm not a model i'm
+2IglMaLsjzA-00240-00056488-00056815 not like uh 90 60 19 like you know like
+2IglMaLsjzA-00241-00056816-00057030 a video agent
+2IglMaLsjzA-00242-00057032-00057223 like a beauty pageant but
+2IglMaLsjzA-00243-00057224-00057447 i don't know from something happened to
+2IglMaLsjzA-00244-00057448-00057663 me after that that photo shoot i i start
+2IglMaLsjzA-00245-00057664-00057879 like loving myself more in front in
+2IglMaLsjzA-00246-00057879-00058094 front of the camera yes that's giving me
+2IglMaLsjzA-00247-00058095-00058342 goosebumps i'm really happy to hear that
+2IglMaLsjzA-00248-00058344-00058623 yes yes i feel like more confident and i
+2IglMaLsjzA-00249-00058624-00058894 feel like okay you sure yeah because
+2IglMaLsjzA-00250-00058895-00059182 you show me what other people see in me
+2IglMaLsjzA-00251-00059183-00059319 like like for example my husband my
+2IglMaLsjzA-00252-00059320-00059503 husband all the time is like oh my god
+2IglMaLsjzA-00253-00059504-00059735 i'm so pretty and i'm i'm like like
+2IglMaLsjzA-00254-00059736-00060438 really like i didn't cut my hair today
+2IglMaLsjzA-00255-00060439-00060671 beautiful as long as they're when you
+2IglMaLsjzA-00256-00060672-00060854 know you know the feeling i mean i'm
+2IglMaLsjzA-00257-00060855-00061023 pretty sure you're
+2IglMaLsjzA-00258-00061024-00061311 much more mild towards other people
+2IglMaLsjzA-00259-00061312-00061575 and much more strict to yourself but
+2IglMaLsjzA-00260-00061576-00061719 when you really like someone's
+2IglMaLsjzA-00261-00061720-00061935 personality you automatically think that
+2IglMaLsjzA-00262-00061936-00062111 person is beautiful
+2IglMaLsjzA-00263-00062112-00062191 yeah
+2IglMaLsjzA-00264-00062191-00062287 so
+2IglMaLsjzA-00265-00062288-00062582 yeah yeah that's right
+2IglMaLsjzA-00266-00062583-00062679 yeah
+2IglMaLsjzA-00267-00062679-00063015 and how do you find your inspirations or
+2IglMaLsjzA-00268-00063016-00063182 your inspiration sorry for your photo
+2IglMaLsjzA-00269-00063183-00063375 shoot yes and
+2IglMaLsjzA-00270-00063376-00063519 one of the things that i wanted to ask
+2IglMaLsjzA-00271-00063520-00063687 you is like how do you
+2IglMaLsjzA-00272-00063688-00063894 cope with those days
+2IglMaLsjzA-00273-00063895-00064342 that you don't feel inspired at all
+2IglMaLsjzA-00274-00064344-00064566 those days are difficult
+2IglMaLsjzA-00275-00064567-00064830 and then it's like a wave i'm sure you
+2IglMaLsjzA-00276-00064832-00065111 know it goes really up really high and
+2IglMaLsjzA-00277-00065112-00065199 then
+2IglMaLsjzA-00278-00065200-00065335 it goes low
+2IglMaLsjzA-00279-00065336-00065623 and and sometimes it's a really long low
+2IglMaLsjzA-00280-00065624-00065838 and sometimes pretty short
+2IglMaLsjzA-00281-00065839-00066079 and it's difficult i just
+2IglMaLsjzA-00282-00066080-00066511 yeah i try to talk to myself and then
+2IglMaLsjzA-00283-00066512-00066671 it's i don't know i don't have the
+2IglMaLsjzA-00284-00066672-00066879 solution to be honest it's
+2IglMaLsjzA-00285-00066880-00067063 it's difficult there are so many great
+2IglMaLsjzA-00286-00067064-00067335 photographers around us and social media
+2IglMaLsjzA-00287-00067336-00067599 yeah shows it to me every day and
+2IglMaLsjzA-00288-00067600-00067775 really insecure and
+2IglMaLsjzA-00289-00067776-00067999 it makes me inspired at the same time
+2IglMaLsjzA-00290-00068000-00068135 and it's just like
+2IglMaLsjzA-00291-00068136-00068375 a lesson that you have to keep teaching
+2IglMaLsjzA-00292-00068376-00068638 yourself to not get it too close to
+2IglMaLsjzA-00293-00068639-00068871 yourself it's just like a long long
+2IglMaLsjzA-00294-00068872-00069182 lesson and sometimes it goes easier than
+2IglMaLsjzA-00295-00069183-00069350 other times
+2IglMaLsjzA-00296-00069351-00069599 it's it's based on so many factors in
+2IglMaLsjzA-00297-00069600-00069847 your personal life how close it gets to
+2IglMaLsjzA-00298-00069848-00070031 you i don't have an answer
+2IglMaLsjzA-00299-00070032-00070247 to it sometimes i'm just fine with it
+2IglMaLsjzA-00300-00070248-00070415 it's okay and other days i'm just like
+2IglMaLsjzA-00301-00070416-00070599 oh god i'm going to stop i'm going to
+2IglMaLsjzA-00302-00070600-00070743 look for a job
+2IglMaLsjzA-00303-00070744-00070950 i don't want to do it anymore not good
+2IglMaLsjzA-00304-00070951-00071055 enough
+2IglMaLsjzA-00305-00071056-00071135 yeah
+2IglMaLsjzA-00306-00071136-00071335 it all happens and i think realizing
+2IglMaLsjzA-00307-00071336-00071543 that it's part of this job and
+2IglMaLsjzA-00308-00071544-00071767 part of makes us
+2IglMaLsjzA-00309-00071768-00071991 who we are where we are and that we are
+2IglMaLsjzA-00310-00071992-00072255 so critical towards ourselves and that
+2IglMaLsjzA-00311-00072256-00072535 i think in the end it keeps us growing
+2IglMaLsjzA-00312-00072536-00072847 yes um i say us because i i think we
+2IglMaLsjzA-00313-00072848-00073071 recognized each other yes
+2IglMaLsjzA-00314-00073072-00073375 when it goes to this topic but yeah i i
+2IglMaLsjzA-00315-00073376-00073543 definitely have those days that i'm
+2IglMaLsjzA-00316-00073544-00073782 trying to say i quit social media i'm
+2IglMaLsjzA-00317-00073783-00073911 just gonna
+2IglMaLsjzA-00318-00073912-00074126 not gonna do it anymore so many great
+2IglMaLsjzA-00319-00074127-00074271 people but
+2IglMaLsjzA-00320-00074272-00074526 yeah i mean that's called the drive i
+2IglMaLsjzA-00321-00074527-00074599 think
+2IglMaLsjzA-00322-00074600-00074767 it always comes back
+2IglMaLsjzA-00323-00074768-00074967 yeah so far
+2IglMaLsjzA-00324-00074968-00075167 that's the life of an artist and i
+2IglMaLsjzA-00325-00075168-00075471 learned that or or reminded myself that
+2IglMaLsjzA-00326-00075472-00075703 i recently watched the documentary
+2IglMaLsjzA-00327-00075704-00075999 series of the war hope that i i admire
+2IglMaLsjzA-00328-00076000-00076199 so much i love his work
+2IglMaLsjzA-00329-00076200-00076438 and how difficult and the struggles of
+2IglMaLsjzA-00330-00076439-00076671 an artist and you know to face the
+2IglMaLsjzA-00331-00076672-00076815 critic and
+2IglMaLsjzA-00332-00076816-00077031 sometimes you don't want to you know
+2IglMaLsjzA-00333-00077032-00077294 keep doing the same and then to try to
+2IglMaLsjzA-00334-00077295-00077543 innovate and you feel at the same time
+2IglMaLsjzA-00335-00077544-00077623 that
+2IglMaLsjzA-00336-00077624-00077911 everything is already photographed so
+2IglMaLsjzA-00337-00077912-00078038 and
+2IglMaLsjzA-00338-00078039-00078175 the thing is like
+2IglMaLsjzA-00339-00078176-00078471 don't try to follow or you want to avoid
+2IglMaLsjzA-00340-00078472-00078806 to follow tendencies and or trends so
+2IglMaLsjzA-00341-00078807-00078991 you want to create your own trend you
+2IglMaLsjzA-00342-00078992-00079159 want to be a trend
+2IglMaLsjzA-00343-00079160-00079399 and i think it's completely normal how
+2IglMaLsjzA-00344-00079400-00079655 do you say we have ups and downs
+2IglMaLsjzA-00345-00079656-00079855 at the moment uh
+2IglMaLsjzA-00346-00079856-00080047 and i i feel that i i'm not taking
+2IglMaLsjzA-00347-00080048-00080191 pictures at the moment because my
+2IglMaLsjzA-00348-00080192-00080447 students in remodelation right now
+2IglMaLsjzA-00349-00080448-00080735 but i feel that a break is necessary
+2IglMaLsjzA-00350-00080736-00080847 yeah
+2IglMaLsjzA-00351-00080848-00081006 a break is necessary from from the
+2IglMaLsjzA-00352-00081007-00081119 camera
+2IglMaLsjzA-00353-00081120-00081223 and
+2IglMaLsjzA-00354-00081224-00081479 and from the creative part and and then
+2IglMaLsjzA-00355-00081480-00081638 use the time to
+2IglMaLsjzA-00356-00081639-00081838 maybe read a little bit
+2IglMaLsjzA-00357-00081839-00082126 and this music is very inspiring for me
+2IglMaLsjzA-00358-00082127-00082399 exactly listening some music or maybe
+2IglMaLsjzA-00359-00082400-00082679 watching some documentaries
+2IglMaLsjzA-00360-00082680-00082967 and and i watched that from from warhol
+2IglMaLsjzA-00361-00082968-00083287 and other documentaries about the these
+2IglMaLsjzA-00362-00083288-00083494 fraudsters that oh my god they have
+2IglMaLsjzA-00363-00083495-00083623 everything to be you know like
+2IglMaLsjzA-00364-00083624-00083911 successful and they mess it up yeah yeah
+2IglMaLsjzA-00365-00083912-00084206 but what also helps me it's like buy new
+2IglMaLsjzA-00366-00084207-00084423 gear
+2IglMaLsjzA-00367-00084424-00084567 retail therapy
+2IglMaLsjzA-00368-00084568-00084775 that also works
+2IglMaLsjzA-00369-00084776-00084879 yeah
+2IglMaLsjzA-00370-00084880-00085215 so it's amazing but normally
+2IglMaLsjzA-00371-00085216-00085350 normally how do you find your
+2IglMaLsjzA-00372-00085351-00085511 inspiration when you when you are
+2IglMaLsjzA-00373-00085512-00085726 planning a photo shoot like where all
+2IglMaLsjzA-00374-00085727-00086023 those ideas come from it comes from my
+2IglMaLsjzA-00375-00086024-00086167 model
+2IglMaLsjzA-00376-00086168-00086375 that's why i basically only photograph
+2IglMaLsjzA-00377-00086376-00086647 people because their story inspires me
+2IglMaLsjzA-00378-00086648-00086767 yes
+2IglMaLsjzA-00379-00086768-00086959 and the light of course the light that
+2IglMaLsjzA-00380-00086960-00087062 falls
+2IglMaLsjzA-00381-00087063-00087343 yes but yeah it's always a surprise
+2IglMaLsjzA-00382-00087344-00087550 sometimes i wonder why do i give myself
+2IglMaLsjzA-00383-00087551-00087799 so much stress by not defining in
+2IglMaLsjzA-00384-00087800-00088071 advance how it's going to look
+2IglMaLsjzA-00385-00088072-00088215 because i never know what it's going to
+2IglMaLsjzA-00386-00088216-00088287 be
+2IglMaLsjzA-00387-00088288-00088638 yeah but yeah that's the only way i can
+2IglMaLsjzA-00388-00088639-00088847 work apparently i just have to wait and
+2IglMaLsjzA-00389-00088848-00089062 see what happens yes
+2IglMaLsjzA-00390-00089063-00089206 i think it's wise
+2IglMaLsjzA-00391-00089207-00089375 i mean it's good to have everything like
+2IglMaLsjzA-00392-00089376-00089703 plan in advance but in the end
+2IglMaLsjzA-00393-00089704-00090006 i believe photographers uh we are you
+2IglMaLsjzA-00394-00090007-00090262 know program problem solvers
+2IglMaLsjzA-00395-00090263-00090455 yeah in the end because yeah not
+2IglMaLsjzA-00396-00090456-00090623 everything always
+2IglMaLsjzA-00397-00090624-00090894 you know goes like in the script exactly
+2IglMaLsjzA-00398-00090895-00091062 as it is on the script
+2IglMaLsjzA-00399-00091063-00091199 so i don't have to be stressed when
+2IglMaLsjzA-00400-00091200-00091335 something goes different when the
+2IglMaLsjzA-00401-00091336-00091599 light's bad or when the location's not
+2IglMaLsjzA-00402-00091600-00091855 good or the model it's not a problem i
+2IglMaLsjzA-00403-00091856-00091975 just
+2IglMaLsjzA-00404-00091976-00092215 have nothing planned yet so
+2IglMaLsjzA-00405-00092216-00092479 we can change easily yeah exactly more
+2IglMaLsjzA-00406-00092480-00092631 spontaneous
+2IglMaLsjzA-00407-00092632-00092967 okay you know how do you do it mike like
+2IglMaLsjzA-00408-00092968-00093191 you know with three kids how do you do
+2IglMaLsjzA-00409-00093192-00093415 it like you're running a business
+2IglMaLsjzA-00410-00093416-00093615 just get not enough sleep
+2IglMaLsjzA-00411-00093616-00093871 yeah i don't know how i do it it's just
+2IglMaLsjzA-00412-00093872-00094079 always always tired
+2IglMaLsjzA-00413-00094080-00094279 um
+2IglMaLsjzA-00414-00094280-00094438 yeah
+2IglMaLsjzA-00415-00094439-00094647 my husband works from nine to five on
+2IglMaLsjzA-00416-00094648-00094847 weekdays and i work on evenings and in
+2IglMaLsjzA-00417-00094848-00095174 the weekends yes so um that's how it's
+2IglMaLsjzA-00418-00095175-00095503 now it started during corona
+2IglMaLsjzA-00419-00095504-00095743 um we we had to do it like this
+2IglMaLsjzA-00420-00095744-00095943 before that we were both freelance so we
+2IglMaLsjzA-00421-00095944-00096087 could plan it a bit more but on the
+2IglMaLsjzA-00422-00096088-00096359 other hand the stability is okay and
+2IglMaLsjzA-00423-00096360-00096535 yeah
+2IglMaLsjzA-00424-00096536-00096767 yeah my workflow just gets quicker and
+2IglMaLsjzA-00425-00096768-00096911 quicker because
+2IglMaLsjzA-00426-00096912-00097087 that's that's good
+2IglMaLsjzA-00427-00097088-00097326 what is that thing that people can't
+2IglMaLsjzA-00428-00097327-00097591 recognize off your photo and say
+2IglMaLsjzA-00429-00097592-00097911 that's my kiss that's mike's photo
+2IglMaLsjzA-00430-00097912-00098167 do you have like a how can you describe
+2IglMaLsjzA-00431-00098168-00098374 your your style
+2IglMaLsjzA-00432-00098375-00098526 ah
+2IglMaLsjzA-00433-00098527-00098815 i would say uh contrast
+2IglMaLsjzA-00434-00098816-00099047 is always there
+2IglMaLsjzA-00435-00099048-00099223 um i don't know i would have to ask
+2IglMaLsjzA-00436-00099224-00099431 those people because i heard it before
+2IglMaLsjzA-00437-00099432-00099518 and
+2IglMaLsjzA-00438-00099519-00099662 in my opinion
+2IglMaLsjzA-00439-00099663-00100006 i i make lots of different styles yes
+2IglMaLsjzA-00440-00100007-00100191 and my feed is not like really insta
+2IglMaLsjzA-00441-00100192-00100343 proof
+2IglMaLsjzA-00442-00100344-00100487 everything's different
+2IglMaLsjzA-00443-00100488-00100655 but um i don't know i think it's
+2IglMaLsjzA-00444-00100656-00100999 probably contrast and focus on the eyes
+2IglMaLsjzA-00445-00101000-00101094 um
+2IglMaLsjzA-00446-00101095-00101303 apart from that i don't really know
+2IglMaLsjzA-00447-00101304-00101471 um
+2IglMaLsjzA-00448-00101472-00101774 dark maybe a bit darker not like light
+2IglMaLsjzA-00449-00101775-00102023 and airy yes
+2IglMaLsjzA-00450-00102024-00102415 yeah but mysterious and i remember when
+2IglMaLsjzA-00451-00102416-00102623 i met you the first time
+2IglMaLsjzA-00452-00102624-00102951 it was uh through a photo that uh sigma
+2IglMaLsjzA-00453-00102952-00103086 repost
+2IglMaLsjzA-00454-00103088-00103327 and it was about this little girl with
+2IglMaLsjzA-00455-00103328-00103575 the teacup and steam
+2IglMaLsjzA-00456-00103576-00103847 yeah and those those eyes
+2IglMaLsjzA-00457-00103848-00104215 of that kid on the photo were like boom
+2IglMaLsjzA-00458-00104216-00104630 yeah and i i started like you know like
+2IglMaLsjzA-00459-00104631-00104878 stalking you like okay who's this girl
+2IglMaLsjzA-00460-00104879-00105134 what is she doing and oh my god her
+2IglMaLsjzA-00461-00105135-00105439 instagram is so cool her photos she's so
+2IglMaLsjzA-00462-00105440-00105647 creative and i started like following
+2IglMaLsjzA-00463-00105648-00105823 you immediately
+2IglMaLsjzA-00464-00105824-00106007 because i said this is magical when i
+2IglMaLsjzA-00465-00106008-00106102 see your
+2IglMaLsjzA-00466-00106103-00106319 your pictures they're magical they they
+2IglMaLsjzA-00467-00106320-00106534 tell a story but
+2IglMaLsjzA-00468-00106535-00106727 not uh straightforward they are like
+2IglMaLsjzA-00469-00106728-00106902 more like
+2IglMaLsjzA-00470-00106903-00107151 you give me you give me that that that
+2IglMaLsjzA-00471-00107152-00107390 teasing and then i want to you know get
+2IglMaLsjzA-00472-00107391-00107663 to know you more it's just like a little
+2IglMaLsjzA-00473-00107664-00107919 you know please thank you yeah what i
+2IglMaLsjzA-00474-00107920-00108158 actually do try is i know that when you
+2IglMaLsjzA-00475-00108159-00108431 use certain colors you can transfer a
+2IglMaLsjzA-00476-00108432-00108671 certain feeling towards the viewer yeah
+2IglMaLsjzA-00477-00108672-00108854 you can enter them
+2IglMaLsjzA-00478-00108855-00109231 so by using like cool colors or warm or
+2IglMaLsjzA-00479-00109232-00109471 dark you can transmit like a certain
+2IglMaLsjzA-00480-00109472-00109599 feeling
+2IglMaLsjzA-00481-00109600-00109854 when the viewer is open to it of course
+2IglMaLsjzA-00482-00109855-00110031 and i think that sometimes happens not
+2IglMaLsjzA-00483-00110032-00110278 with everyone but apparently with you
+2IglMaLsjzA-00484-00110279-00110358 um
+2IglMaLsjzA-00485-00110359-00110543 yeah you can you can
+2IglMaLsjzA-00486-00110544-00110751 creep into their minds a little bit and
+2IglMaLsjzA-00487-00110752-00110966 then they make their own story out of an
+2IglMaLsjzA-00488-00110967-00111231 image yeah i made my own story
+2IglMaLsjzA-00489-00111232-00111502 with you with your photos and
+2IglMaLsjzA-00490-00111503-00111783 and that's amazing i mean
+2IglMaLsjzA-00491-00111783-00112031 they are open for anybody like
+2IglMaLsjzA-00492-00112032-00112207 and and that's that's a cool thing it's
+2IglMaLsjzA-00493-00112208-00112415 not like oh yeah here's a beautiful girl
+2IglMaLsjzA-00494-00112416-00112599 with the teacup like no and then i'm
+2IglMaLsjzA-00495-00112600-00112919 going to like a movie you know yeah
+2IglMaLsjzA-00496-00112920-00113183 it's nice to hear actually yeah
+2IglMaLsjzA-00497-00113183-00113375 and it is really beautiful it's like i
+2IglMaLsjzA-00498-00113376-00113599 don't know it took me like really like
+2IglMaLsjzA-00499-00113600-00113775 you know the movie the others from
+2IglMaLsjzA-00500-00113776-00113999 nicole kidman
+2IglMaLsjzA-00501-00114000-00114263 not that creepy
+2IglMaLsjzA-00502-00114264-00114527 exactly but you know that kind of a time
+2IglMaLsjzA-00503-00114528-00114799 of the of period time like okay that
+2IglMaLsjzA-00504-00114800-00115015 girl i think belongs to that kind of
+2IglMaLsjzA-00505-00115016-00115254 movies yeah and it was like mysterious
+2IglMaLsjzA-00506-00115255-00115502 at the same time and cute
+2IglMaLsjzA-00507-00115503-00115654 and i loved it
+2IglMaLsjzA-00508-00115655-00115815 yeah it's funny that this kind of stuff
+2IglMaLsjzA-00509-00115816-00116015 always comes out of my images because
+2IglMaLsjzA-00510-00116016-00116199 i'm not really like that
+2IglMaLsjzA-00511-00116200-00116495 i'm really positive and i'm i like like
+2IglMaLsjzA-00512-00116496-00116695 happy things and stuff but my images are
+2IglMaLsjzA-00513-00116696-00116934 always like a bit more dark don't take
+2IglMaLsjzA-00514-00116935-00117134 it wrong i i mean
+2IglMaLsjzA-00515-00117135-00117439 what's my my own imagination
+2IglMaLsjzA-00516-00117440-00117639 i hear it a lot and it just happens and
+2IglMaLsjzA-00517-00117640-00117807 it's funny but yeah on the other hand
+2IglMaLsjzA-00518-00117808-00117975 it's also the viewer
+2IglMaLsjzA-00519-00117976-00118399 yeah yeah but it's a it's a powerful um
+2IglMaLsjzA-00520-00118400-00118695 weapon color and light yes
+2IglMaLsjzA-00521-00118696-00118983 you can control your viewers yeah you
+2IglMaLsjzA-00522-00118983-00119207 know how to use color really really
+2IglMaLsjzA-00523-00119208-00119486 really well
+2IglMaLsjzA-00524-00119488-00119643 it has to look yummy
+2IglMaLsjzA-00525-00119644-00119775 [Laughter]
+2IglMaLsjzA-00526-00119776-00119919 and tell me something how is that
+2IglMaLsjzA-00527-00119920-00120086 normally a photo session with you how
+2IglMaLsjzA-00528-00120088-00120447 many photos can you take oh about 800
+2IglMaLsjzA-00529-00120448-00120743 and how do you process all that oh it's
+2IglMaLsjzA-00530-00120744-00120927 just like
+2IglMaLsjzA-00531-00120928-00121047 it's done in
+2IglMaLsjzA-00532-00121048-00121286 15 minutes i just wow
+2IglMaLsjzA-00533-00121288-00121599 i just select them and give them ratings
+2IglMaLsjzA-00534-00121600-00121910 yes and that's really quickly done wow
+2IglMaLsjzA-00535-00121911-00122239 that that is a fast one and then and
+2IglMaLsjzA-00536-00122240-00122463 yeah considering that you don't like to
+2IglMaLsjzA-00537-00122464-00122854 program posing and you know stuff that
+2IglMaLsjzA-00538-00122855-00123078 probably for some photographers
+2IglMaLsjzA-00539-00123079-00123302 makes it easier like yeah when you have
+2IglMaLsjzA-00540-00123303-00123527 a formula okay the model is posing like
+2IglMaLsjzA-00541-00123528-00123743 this like that you know okay from where
+2IglMaLsjzA-00542-00123744-00123951 do you have to choose this is something
+2IglMaLsjzA-00543-00123952-00124166 that i heard from other photographers
+2IglMaLsjzA-00544-00124167-00124319 and then i said okay
+2IglMaLsjzA-00545-00124320-00124614 for social media and stuff
+2IglMaLsjzA-00546-00124615-00124766 oh yeah i'm not i'm not really good at
+2IglMaLsjzA-00547-00124767-00124975 that i could learn from you
+2IglMaLsjzA-00548-00124976-00125119 um
+2IglMaLsjzA-00549-00125120-00125231 just
+2IglMaLsjzA-00550-00125232-00125495 just try and see what happens and it's
+2IglMaLsjzA-00551-00125496-00125743 it's so difficult for me what what works
+2IglMaLsjzA-00552-00125744-00126014 on monday and it's fantastic a week
+2IglMaLsjzA-00553-00126015-00126390 later is like zero views five views i
+2IglMaLsjzA-00554-00126391-00126471 don't
+2IglMaLsjzA-00555-00126472-00126671 that's not my uh
+2IglMaLsjzA-00556-00126672-00126799 yeah it's not my
+2IglMaLsjzA-00557-00126800-00127095 specialty yeah and for example when i
+2IglMaLsjzA-00558-00127096-00127431 make photos and normally before
+2IglMaLsjzA-00559-00127432-00127639 tethering because i know you don't
+2IglMaLsjzA-00560-00127640-00127983 tether now go with the free hand and and
+2IglMaLsjzA-00561-00127983-00128158 that that this is something that i
+2IglMaLsjzA-00562-00128159-00128327 really admired
+2IglMaLsjzA-00563-00128328-00128599 and yeah because i when i went to the
+2IglMaLsjzA-00564-00128600-00128790 the first photography school
+2IglMaLsjzA-00565-00128791-00129063 the teacher told us he encourages like
+2IglMaLsjzA-00566-00129064-00129271 you have to take pictures without a
+2IglMaLsjzA-00567-00129272-00129510 tripod you have to go with your camera
+2IglMaLsjzA-00568-00129511-00129647 with your hands
+2IglMaLsjzA-00569-00129648-00129934 and it was funny because okay yeah
+2IglMaLsjzA-00570-00129935-00130190 sometimes you have to do a an overlay
+2IglMaLsjzA-00571-00130191-00130295 photo
+2IglMaLsjzA-00572-00130296-00130486 and you know keeping the breathing and
+2IglMaLsjzA-00573-00130488-00130727 stuff it's like oh difficult when you
+2IglMaLsjzA-00574-00130728-00130895 are like on top of a chair or something
+2IglMaLsjzA-00575-00130896-00131143 like that before uh tethering i used to
+2IglMaLsjzA-00576-00131144-00131431 make like more than 500 pictures of
+2IglMaLsjzA-00577-00131432-00131551 something
+2IglMaLsjzA-00578-00131552-00131663 and then
+2IglMaLsjzA-00579-00131664-00131895 yeah with tethering i just take probably
+2IglMaLsjzA-00580-00131896-00132047 three
+2IglMaLsjzA-00581-00132048-00132319 dish time and then it's easier
+2IglMaLsjzA-00582-00132320-00132654 so that's why every process and every uh
+2IglMaLsjzA-00583-00132655-00132871 you know workflow is different
+2IglMaLsjzA-00584-00132872-00133014 yeah but it also has to do with your
+2IglMaLsjzA-00585-00133015-00133254 subject i mean food does not walk away
+2IglMaLsjzA-00586-00133255-00133374 exactly
+2IglMaLsjzA-00587-00133375-00133599 [Laughter]
+2IglMaLsjzA-00588-00133600-00133718 don't have feelings
+2IglMaLsjzA-00589-00133719-00134175 [Laughter]
+2IglMaLsjzA-00590-00134176-00134399 this is something yeah this is something
+2IglMaLsjzA-00591-00134400-00134639 to me photographing people is very
+2IglMaLsjzA-00592-00134640-00134871 difficult because they are not food i
+2IglMaLsjzA-00593-00134872-00135143 mean i can put the cake there and then
+2IglMaLsjzA-00594-00135144-00135407 like just stay there yeah yeah and then
+2IglMaLsjzA-00595-00135408-00135566 i can move around
+2IglMaLsjzA-00596-00135567-00135759 and then yeah that is the victim
+2IglMaLsjzA-00597-00135760-00136127 different story um can you tell us what
+2IglMaLsjzA-00598-00136128-00136263 uh
+2IglMaLsjzA-00599-00136264-00136527 what your favorite gear is
+2IglMaLsjzA-00600-00136528-00136743 it's my um 17
+2IglMaLsjzA-00601-00136744-00137031 70 200 lens from sigma
+2IglMaLsjzA-00602-00137032-00137327 yeah daily lens like
+2IglMaLsjzA-00603-00137328-00137463 the heavy one
+2IglMaLsjzA-00604-00137464-00137719 yes and and what is the what what is so
+2IglMaLsjzA-00605-00137720-00138014 special about this lens yeah i only use
+2IglMaLsjzA-00606-00138015-00138271 it zoomed in at 200
+2IglMaLsjzA-00607-00138272-00138559 and it makes the subject pop out so much
+2IglMaLsjzA-00608-00138560-00138887 and the background is so soft bokeh
+2IglMaLsjzA-00609-00138888-00139223 yes so soft and sharp i just love how it
+2IglMaLsjzA-00610-00139224-00139527 flows from sharp to unsharp it's
+2IglMaLsjzA-00611-00139528-00139759 and then and also um the distance
+2IglMaLsjzA-00612-00139760-00140014 between me and the model makes it really
+2IglMaLsjzA-00613-00140015-00140159 comfortable for the model because i'm
+2IglMaLsjzA-00614-00140160-00140399 not too much in their face
+2IglMaLsjzA-00615-00140400-00140614 and i also like when you photograph like
+2IglMaLsjzA-00616-00140615-00140878 a few people it makes them like
+2IglMaLsjzA-00617-00140879-00141143 compressed it's like the image get more
+2IglMaLsjzA-00618-00141144-00141343 gets more balanced
+2IglMaLsjzA-00619-00141344-00141623 yeah i just really love how it um makes
+2IglMaLsjzA-00620-00141624-00141854 everything compact
+2IglMaLsjzA-00621-00141855-00142151 i just love lens it's quick
+2IglMaLsjzA-00622-00142152-00142407 normally what is in your camera bag
+2IglMaLsjzA-00623-00142408-00142607 uh well my my camera of course that's
+2IglMaLsjzA-00624-00142608-00142799 the
+2IglMaLsjzA-00625-00142800-00143014 850 that's like the best camera i've
+2IglMaLsjzA-00626-00143015-00143239 ever owned
+2IglMaLsjzA-00627-00143240-00143423 um i've had it now for like three years
+2IglMaLsjzA-00628-00143424-00143695 and i'm still not uh fed up with it it's
+2IglMaLsjzA-00629-00143696-00143878 really good
+2IglMaLsjzA-00630-00143879-00144159 uh i have my
+2IglMaLsjzA-00631-00144160-00144287 20 uh
+2IglMaLsjzA-00632-00144288-00144654 yeah 2470 lens yes just for like
+2IglMaLsjzA-00633-00144655-00144943 overview shots um
+2IglMaLsjzA-00634-00144944-00145071 and um
+2IglMaLsjzA-00635-00145072-00145287 the 50 millimeters when
+2IglMaLsjzA-00636-00145288-00145478 comfortable with me i can show it's like
+2IglMaLsjzA-00637-00145479-00145671 some close jobs it's not really a
+2IglMaLsjzA-00638-00145672-00145863 portrait lens especially not combined
+2IglMaLsjzA-00639-00145864-00146071 with the full frame camera but i love it
+2IglMaLsjzA-00640-00146072-00146263 for details
+2IglMaLsjzA-00641-00146264-00146431 really light
+2IglMaLsjzA-00642-00146432-00146543 and quick
+2IglMaLsjzA-00643-00146544-00146823 yes um it's an older one it's like a d
+2IglMaLsjzA-00644-00146824-00146943 series
+2IglMaLsjzA-00645-00146944-00147278 it's a bit of a vintage lens finish yes
+2IglMaLsjzA-00646-00147279-00147590 and what else yeah my spare body
+2IglMaLsjzA-00647-00147591-00147951 yes um apart from that not much
+2IglMaLsjzA-00648-00147952-00148119 just in case
+2IglMaLsjzA-00649-00148120-00148423 just in case yes yeah that is a good one
+2IglMaLsjzA-00650-00148424-00148702 a good advice to to carry with you an
+2IglMaLsjzA-00651-00148703-00149054 extra body just in case that is
+2IglMaLsjzA-00652-00149055-00149278 really handy and what is your favorite
+2IglMaLsjzA-00653-00149279-00149471 subject to photograph
+2IglMaLsjzA-00654-00149472-00149583 kids
+2IglMaLsjzA-00655-00149584-00149751 ah yeah well
+2IglMaLsjzA-00656-00149752-00150063 i do love kids yes yes so it's always a
+2IglMaLsjzA-00657-00150064-00150175 returning
+2IglMaLsjzA-00658-00150176-00150431 theme in my life in my work
+2IglMaLsjzA-00659-00150432-00150647 i have so many
+2IglMaLsjzA-00660-00150648-00150814 it's just i love them because they're so
+2IglMaLsjzA-00661-00150815-00150919 pure
+2IglMaLsjzA-00662-00150920-00151223 and it's so easy for me to get like
+2IglMaLsjzA-00663-00151224-00151423 to the essence of them they're just like
+2IglMaLsjzA-00664-00151424-00151519 so
+2IglMaLsjzA-00665-00151520-00151863 not posing not acting it just surprises
+2IglMaLsjzA-00666-00151864-00152039 me all the time
+2IglMaLsjzA-00667-00152040-00152207 that's what's inside them
+2IglMaLsjzA-00668-00152208-00152366 that's beautiful
+2IglMaLsjzA-00669-00152367-00152719 and are you a big fan of natural or
+2IglMaLsjzA-00670-00152720-00152878 artificial
+2IglMaLsjzA-00671-00152879-00152999 well i i
+2IglMaLsjzA-00672-00153000-00153119 really
+2IglMaLsjzA-00673-00153120-00153439 my comfort zone is natural light
+2IglMaLsjzA-00674-00153440-00153639 it's just um
+2IglMaLsjzA-00675-00153640-00153871 i think i i
+2IglMaLsjzA-00676-00153872-00154207 yeah i got to know it pretty well
+2IglMaLsjzA-00677-00154208-00154399 and it's still challenging because you
+2IglMaLsjzA-00678-00154400-00154607 never know it completely
+2IglMaLsjzA-00679-00154608-00154743 um
+2IglMaLsjzA-00680-00154744-00154943 and i love that you can directly see how
+2IglMaLsjzA-00681-00154944-00155111 it falls and how it's going to end up on
+2IglMaLsjzA-00682-00155112-00155239 your photo
+2IglMaLsjzA-00683-00155240-00155575 but i also love flashlights yes i i
+2IglMaLsjzA-00684-00155576-00155759 doing more and more of it i have to
+2IglMaLsjzA-00685-00155760-00155966 learn a lot but i love the challenge i
+2IglMaLsjzA-00686-00155967-00156151 love learning about it so yeah i love
+2IglMaLsjzA-00687-00156152-00156319 both
+2IglMaLsjzA-00688-00156320-00156607 but i'm better at natural light yeah
+2IglMaLsjzA-00689-00156608-00156751 and that's easier
+2IglMaLsjzA-00690-00156752-00156959 and those portraits that you do for
+2IglMaLsjzA-00691-00156960-00157214 companies uh what do you normally use
+2IglMaLsjzA-00692-00157215-00157454 like a flashlight
+2IglMaLsjzA-00693-00157455-00157614 okay it's like when you have to
+2IglMaLsjzA-00694-00157615-00157847 photograph more people flashlight is
+2IglMaLsjzA-00695-00157848-00158063 easier because then you get this uniform
+2IglMaLsjzA-00696-00158064-00158326 look all the things are the same
+2IglMaLsjzA-00697-00158327-00158695 yes and to close this can you give us
+2IglMaLsjzA-00698-00158696-00158990 some some golden advice for those uh
+2IglMaLsjzA-00699-00158991-00159247 beginners who want to
+2IglMaLsjzA-00700-00159248-00159511 level up in a portrait photograph
+2IglMaLsjzA-00701-00159512-00159839 yes um keep looking with the eyes
+2IglMaLsjzA-00702-00159840-00160063 don't focus on gear don't think that you
+2IglMaLsjzA-00703-00160064-00160287 can make better images with better gear
+2IglMaLsjzA-00704-00160288-00160399 yes um
+2IglMaLsjzA-00705-00160400-00160599 it's way more important to look with
+2IglMaLsjzA-00706-00160600-00160751 your eyes and
+2IglMaLsjzA-00707-00160752-00160975 see the the quality of the light and
+2IglMaLsjzA-00708-00160976-00161166 what you see is what you photograph and
+2IglMaLsjzA-00709-00161167-00161319 it does not really matter if you do that
+2IglMaLsjzA-00710-00161320-00161535 with your telephone or with a
+2IglMaLsjzA-00711-00161536-00161783 good camera or a bad camera
+2IglMaLsjzA-00712-00161784-00161975 um don't focus too much on that just
+2IglMaLsjzA-00713-00161976-00162175 keep practicing and keep yeah using your
+2IglMaLsjzA-00714-00162176-00162375 eyes
+2IglMaLsjzA-00715-00162376-00162631 that's amazing and the question that i
+2IglMaLsjzA-00716-00162632-00162847 always get on dm and probably you as
+2IglMaLsjzA-00717-00162848-00163102 well because you are um
+2IglMaLsjzA-00718-00163103-00163407 sigma brand ambassador congratulations i
+2IglMaLsjzA-00719-00163408-00163607 know you have been for a long time and
+2IglMaLsjzA-00720-00163608-00163959 also you wear a nikon or nikon
+2IglMaLsjzA-00721-00163960-00164095 photography
+2IglMaLsjzA-00722-00164096-00164366 ambassador as well for the netherlands
+2IglMaLsjzA-00723-00164367-00164623 how is the the experience because uh the
+2IglMaLsjzA-00724-00164624-00164814 question is like how do you get into
+2IglMaLsjzA-00725-00164815-00165111 that how did you uh how do you do to
+2IglMaLsjzA-00726-00165112-00165399 work with brands and what's the secret
+2IglMaLsjzA-00727-00165400-00165559 well i think
+2IglMaLsjzA-00728-00165560-00165702 i think
+2IglMaLsjzA-00729-00165703-00165878 first of all is because
+2IglMaLsjzA-00730-00165879-00166143 i'm a woman and when you're into
+2IglMaLsjzA-00731-00166144-00166311 technical things
+2IglMaLsjzA-00732-00166312-00166463 it's just like
+2IglMaLsjzA-00733-00166464-00166735 that's not for everybody
+2IglMaLsjzA-00734-00166736-00166871 it's just like that
+2IglMaLsjzA-00735-00166872-00167151 um yeah and try not to follow too many
+2IglMaLsjzA-00736-00167152-00167326 trends i think i mean
+2IglMaLsjzA-00737-00167327-00167502 if you just it's really difficult but
+2IglMaLsjzA-00738-00167503-00167799 try to stay unique and stick to your own
+2IglMaLsjzA-00739-00167800-00168023 style and then you stand out they're not
+2IglMaLsjzA-00740-00168024-00168335 looking for like yeah
+2IglMaLsjzA-00741-00168336-00168447 one in a
+2IglMaLsjzA-00742-00168448-00168566 dozen
+2IglMaLsjzA-00743-00168567-00168719 apart from that i don't know i guess i'm
+2IglMaLsjzA-00744-00168720-00168966 just lucky um
+2IglMaLsjzA-00745-00168967-00169102 i don't really know to be honest i
+2IglMaLsjzA-00746-00169103-00169383 posted on a few platforms i was active
+2IglMaLsjzA-00747-00169384-00169590 on that maybe that helps as well like
+2IglMaLsjzA-00748-00169591-00169695 zoom
+2IglMaLsjzA-00749-00169696-00169878 and 500 pics
+2IglMaLsjzA-00750-00169879-00170063 but apart from that i don't know i think
+2IglMaLsjzA-00751-00170064-00170175 it's just
+2IglMaLsjzA-00752-00170176-00170487 a combination of luck and
+2IglMaLsjzA-00753-00170488-00170607 hard work
+2IglMaLsjzA-00754-00170608-00170719 hard work
+2IglMaLsjzA-00755-00170720-00170895 yeah i think especially
+2IglMaLsjzA-00756-00170896-00171111 but it is something tells me that it's
+2IglMaLsjzA-00757-00171112-00171366 more about hard work
+2IglMaLsjzA-00758-00171367-00171519 yes actually
+2IglMaLsjzA-00759-00171520-00171695 sometimes people do think that you get
+2IglMaLsjzA-00760-00171696-00171895 like this thrown into your lap like a
+2IglMaLsjzA-00761-00171896-00172023 gift
+2IglMaLsjzA-00762-00172024-00172326 wow it's not really like that no no we
+2IglMaLsjzA-00763-00172327-00172447 are awake
+2IglMaLsjzA-00764-00172448-00172743 working when other people are relaxing
+2IglMaLsjzA-00765-00172744-00172854 exactly
+2IglMaLsjzA-00766-00172855-00173023 it's it's a lot of work it's more than a
+2IglMaLsjzA-00767-00173024-00173407 full-time job yes yes yes i think that
+2IglMaLsjzA-00768-00173408-00173687 we had this wrong idea then when we
+2IglMaLsjzA-00769-00173688-00173911 decided to you know go into the
+2IglMaLsjzA-00770-00173912-00174199 freelancing uh work yeah world like oh
+2IglMaLsjzA-00771-00174200-00174390 yeah i'm not going to work from nine to
+2IglMaLsjzA-00772-00174391-00174575 five anymore
+2IglMaLsjzA-00773-00174576-00174647 like
+2IglMaLsjzA-00774-00174648-00174999 no we're more than that exactly it's it
+2IglMaLsjzA-00775-00175000-00175238 is and also it's you don't have to you
+2IglMaLsjzA-00776-00175239-00175438 should not be picky you should take a
+2IglMaLsjzA-00777-00175439-00175671 lot of jobs take a lot of work and then
+2IglMaLsjzA-00778-00175672-00175919 something comes out of it in the end but
+2IglMaLsjzA-00779-00175920-00176135 yeah i was never in a position to say i
+2IglMaLsjzA-00780-00176136-00176326 will take that job and i will not take
+2IglMaLsjzA-00781-00176327-00176526 that job i was in a position where i had
+2IglMaLsjzA-00782-00176527-00176775 to take every job yes and
+2IglMaLsjzA-00783-00176776-00176983 well that also brings you further i
+2IglMaLsjzA-00784-00176984-00177071 think
+2IglMaLsjzA-00785-00177072-00177287 yeah because you practice more and more
+2IglMaLsjzA-00786-00177288-00177414 and then you are
+2IglMaLsjzA-00787-00177415-00177702 facing situations yes and you meet like
+2IglMaLsjzA-00788-00177703-00177966 people that bring you further yes that's
+2IglMaLsjzA-00789-00177967-00178238 maybe the luck part but that's also like
+2IglMaLsjzA-00790-00178239-00178543 yeah the hard work part at the same time
+2IglMaLsjzA-00791-00178544-00178854 so yeah it's it's a lot of
+2IglMaLsjzA-00792-00178855-00178983 combination of
+2IglMaLsjzA-00793-00178984-00179214 factors i think yes
+2IglMaLsjzA-00794-00179215-00179566 well mike i'm so happy to have you here
+2IglMaLsjzA-00795-00179567-00179814 on this interview we were like talking
+2IglMaLsjzA-00796-00179815-00179943 and talking
+2IglMaLsjzA-00797-00179944-00180247 since last year oh god yeah yeah before
+2IglMaLsjzA-00798-00180248-00180575 i decided to uh you know release the the
+2IglMaLsjzA-00799-00180576-00180726 english uh
+2IglMaLsjzA-00800-00180727-00180959 podcast before we did it in spanish i
+2IglMaLsjzA-00801-00180960-00181238 mean you know only me i i tried to do it
+2IglMaLsjzA-00802-00181239-00181431 in spanish first to see how it goes but
+2IglMaLsjzA-00803-00181432-00181631 then the people started like asking
+2IglMaLsjzA-00804-00181632-00181799 please can you do it in english as well
+2IglMaLsjzA-00805-00181800-00182031 like okay i will i will i will and here
+2IglMaLsjzA-00806-00182032-00182351 we are finally i'm so happy to have you
+2IglMaLsjzA-00807-00182352-00182599 here can you please remind us your
+2IglMaLsjzA-00808-00182600-00182854 website social media i'm going to leave
+2IglMaLsjzA-00809-00182855-00183159 it anyways uh on the description box and
+2IglMaLsjzA-00810-00183160-00183335 but i wanted to hear from you where we
+2IglMaLsjzA-00811-00183336-00183726 can find you my website is
+2IglMaLsjzA-00812-00183727-00184038 www.studiominmen.com
+2IglMaLsjzA-00813-00184039-00184126 yes
+2IglMaLsjzA-00814-00184127-00184414 um my instagram is
+2IglMaLsjzA-00815-00184415-00184671 mikey shower photography
+2IglMaLsjzA-00816-00184672-00185119 and that's about it i think
+2IglMaLsjzA-00817-00185120-00185319 yeah and then on your on her website you
+2IglMaLsjzA-00818-00185320-00185623 can uh contact her you can email her
+2IglMaLsjzA-00819-00185624-00185950 also on instagram she responds the dms
+2IglMaLsjzA-00820-00185951-00186183 so she's really cool and sometimes it
+2IglMaLsjzA-00821-00186184-00186335 takes a bit but
+2IglMaLsjzA-00822-00186336-00186462 i respond that night
+2IglMaLsjzA-00823-00186463-00186663 [Laughter]
+2IglMaLsjzA-00824-00186664-00186902 well mike i'm so happy to have you here
+2IglMaLsjzA-00825-00186903-00187095 and for this opportunity if you want to
+2IglMaLsjzA-00826-00187096-00187326 say something to the audience it is well
+2IglMaLsjzA-00827-00187327-00187511 i want to say to you thank you and i
+2IglMaLsjzA-00828-00187512-00187735 hope to see you soon again we should do
+2IglMaLsjzA-00829-00187736-00187902 something together and
+2IglMaLsjzA-00830-00187903-00188102 thank you so much for this i'm really
+2IglMaLsjzA-00831-00188103-00188287 honored and i enjoyed it
+2IglMaLsjzA-00832-00188288-00188502 thank you so much for being here i'm
+2IglMaLsjzA-00833-00188503-00188687 really i'm really happy and i know we
+2IglMaLsjzA-00834-00188688-00188959 are going to do a cool stuff together
+2IglMaLsjzA-00835-00188960-00189231 really soon stay tuned stay tuned well
+2IglMaLsjzA-00836-00189232-00189390 thank you so much for this interview and
+2IglMaLsjzA-00837-00189391-00189519 thank you well
+2IglMaLsjzA-00838-00189520-00191126 i'll see you on the next one bye bye bye
+2IglMaLsjzA-00839-00191127-00191336 you
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00000-00000146-00000574 this presentation is called what is w
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00001-00000575-00000954 from Hamilton's rule 2 Axelrod's rule
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00002-00000955-00001664 hurt one in this first part of the
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00003-00001664-00001925 presentation we're going to answer three
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00004-00001926-00002464 questions first what is axelrod's rule
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00005-00002465-00002975 second what is W and thirdly how does
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00006-00002976-00003251 Axelrod's rule compared to Hamilton's
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00007-00003252-00003833 rule so as we've discussed we've
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00008-00003834-00004133 identified two roads to cooperation so
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00009-00004134-00004508 far and one of those we is inclusive
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00010-00004509-00004856 fitness and inclusive fitness turns on
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00011-00004857-00005227 close genetic relatedness we've also
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00012-00005228-00005531 discussed reciprocity in this segment of
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00013-00005532-00005768 the course and what's important about
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00014-00005769-00006106 reciprocity is that it does not turn on
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00015-00006107-00006439 close genetic relatedness so it gives us
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00016-00006440-00006725 a way to try to model the evolution of
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00017-00006726-00007091 cooperation without relying upon close
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00018-00007092-00007667 genetic relatedness in relation to this
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00019-00007668-00007898 we're going to introduce a new model and
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00020-00007898-00008162 we're going to call this Axelrod's rule
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00021-00008163-00008459 although that label isn't generally in
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00022-00008460-00008767 use it's very helpful for our purposes
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00023-00008768-00009248 and axelrod's rule states that altruism
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00024-00009249-00009635 can evolve when W times B is greater
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00025-00009636-00010106 than C and you'll see why I'm calling it
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00026-00010107-00010445 Axelrod's rule because it's so similar
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00027-00010446-00010778 to Hamilton's rule which we've already
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00028-00010779-00011167 discussed now on point of fact this
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00029-00011168-00011363 inequality was developed by a
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00030-00011364-00011912 mathematician named Martin Nowak and it
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00031-00011913-00012158 isn't again generally referred to as
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00032-00012159-00012560 axelrod's rule that it all goes back to
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00033-00012561-00012922 Robert axelrod's work in his book the
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00034-00012923-00013349 evolution of cooperation with that said
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00035-00013350-00013660 I highly recommend if you are interested
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00036-00013661-00013952 to take a look at Martin Nowak's book
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00037-00013953-00014519 which is called super co-operators so
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00038-00014519-00014843 our question then is how does w differ
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00039-00014844-00015347 from our so in Hamilton's rule we have
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00040-00015347-00015694 our x the benefit which has to be
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00041-00015695-00016061 greater than the cost and we know that
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00042-00016062-00016331 Hamilton's real turns on our and at this
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00043-00016332-00016586 point in the course you know what r is
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00044-00016587-00016990 so we don't need to discuss that again
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00045-00016991-00017300 Axelrod's rule then we're going to say
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00046-00017301-00017641 as W times B must be greater than C and
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00047-00017642-00017924 what we don't know at this point is what
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00048-00017925-00018281 W means so this is our first question
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00049-00018282-00018863 that we have to answer what is w let's
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00050-00018864-00019219 define our terms here we'll start with
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00051-00019220-00019586 the letter B and just as in Hamilton's
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00052-00019587-00019946 rule the letter B stands for the
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00053-00019947-00020249 reproductive benefit that goes to the
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00054-00020250-00020741 recipient of an altruistic act so be has
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00055-00020742-00021110 a same meaning an Axelrod's rule that it
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00056-00021111-00021650 does in Hamilton's rule and in both
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00057-00021651-00021908 cases our primary interest is in
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00058-00021909-00022187 reproductive fitness this is how we're
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00059-00022188-00022489 measuring our costs and benefits
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00060-00022490-00022865 similarly the letter C in axelrod's rule
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00061-00022866-00023200 refers to the reproductive cost to an
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00062-00023201-00023600 altruistic donor so again this is just
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00063-00023601-00024002 cost-benefit analysis and so far two of
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00064-00024003-00024262 the three terms are identical in
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00065-00024263-00024919 Hamilton's rule and in axelrod's rule so
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00066-00024920-00025238 we have one less last term to discuss
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00067-00025239-00025427 and this is the one that makes the
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00068-00025428-00025984 difference so what is w well W is
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00069-00025985-00026308 defined as the shadow of the future on
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00070-00026309-00026737 our present activities so if we have
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00071-00026738-00027052 two agents one is orange and one is blue
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00072-00027053-00027392 and orange has acted in such a manner as
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00073-00027393-00027898 to benefit blue the question that W
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00074-00027899-00028155 answers is what is the probability that
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00075-00028156-00028545 the altruist who receive that benefit
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00076-00028546-00028945 will encounter the recipient again so
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00077-00028946-00029151 that they have the opportunity to
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00078-00029152-00029558 reciprocate so what we're saying here is
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00079-00029558-00029804 that orange is acted altruistically
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00080-00029805-00030271 towards blue W refers to the probability
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00081-00030272-00030592 that orange and blue will meet again and
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00082-00030593-00030860 blue will have the opportunity to
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00083-00030861-00031596 reciprocate how then do we define w as a
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00084-00031597-00032051 quantity well we can use this set of
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00085-00032052-00032474 inequalities w is any number that is
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00086-00032475-00033037 greater than 0 that less than 1 so we
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00087-00033038-00033392 can push w as close to zero as we want
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00088-00033393-00033851 to but we can't make it 0 and on the
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00089-00033852-00034154 other hand we can push w as close to one
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00090-00034155-00034542 as we want to but we can't make it one
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00091-00034543-00035054 and to illustrate what we're meaning by
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00092-00035055-00035524 this if w equals 0 point 5 this means
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00093-00035525-00035774 that the probability of the two actors
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00094-00035775-00036479 meeting again is 50% and if w instead
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00095-00036480-00036842 were equal to 0 point 9 this would mean
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00096-00036843-00037067 that the probability of the actors
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00097-00037068-00037430 meeting again is now ninety percent so
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00098-00037431-00037982 it's very high and if w is equal to
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00099-00037983-00038330 point one then the probability of the
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00100-00038331-00038682 actors meeting again is only ten percent
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00101-00038683-00039058 so as W gets closer to zero the
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00102-00039059-00039337 likelihood of meeting again gets closer
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00103-00039338-00039799 to zero and as W gets closer to 1 the
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00104-00039800-00040030 likelihood of meeting again gets very
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00105-00040031-00040282 high
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00106-00040283-00040568 so here's one way that we can think
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00107-00040569-00041024 about this and let's begin by rewriting
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00108-00041025-00041315 this inequality in the same manner that
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00109-00041316-00041636 we work with Hamilton's rule so now
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00110-00041637-00042008 we'll say that W times the benefit less
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00111-00042009-00042482 the cost is greater than 0 and this is
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00112-00042483-00042911 just how we worked our examples with
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00113-00042912-00043496 Hamilton's rule so imagine then the W is
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00114-00043497-00043931 50% and that the cost is one unit of
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00115-00043932-00044312 fitness or one offspring what does the
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00116-00044313-00044663 benefit have to be for it to be possible
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00117-00044664-00045152 for cooperation to evolve and what has
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00118-00045153-00045452 to be the case then is that point five
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00119-00045453-00045824 times the benefit has to be greater than
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00120-00045825-00046342 zero when one is subtracted from it and
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00121-00046343-00046634 a simple way to think of this is that if
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00122-00046635-00046958 w is 50% the benefit has to be greater
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00123-00046959-00047276 than twice the cost in order for this
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00124-00047277-00047744 inequality to hold so the cost is one if
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00125-00047745-00048086 we make the benefit 3 then certainly the
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00126-00048087-00048503 inequality holds because point 5 times 3
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00127-00048504-00048899 is 1.5 and if we subtract one from that
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00128-00048900-00049256 we've still got point 5 left end point 5
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00129-00049257-00049694 is greater than 0 so if we're thinking
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00130-00049695-00050195 in terms of whole offspring and w is 50%
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00131-00050196-00050576 and the cost is one the benefit has to
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00132-00050577-00051137 be 3 or higher now let's imagine now
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00133-00051138-00051346 that we're going to push w higher to
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00134-00051347-00051749 ninety percent what's going to happen to
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00135-00051750-00052151 this equation so now we're taking point
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00136-00052152-00052379 nine times the benefit and subtracting
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00137-00052379-00052613 the cost and there has to be something
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00138-00052614-00053104 left for axelrod's rule to hold so if W
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00139-00053105-00053441 equals point nine that means W is ninety
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00140-00053441-00053498 percent
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00141-00053499-00053863 and the benefit must be greater than 1.1
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00142-00053864-00054391 times the cost so we can put 1.1 in
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00143-00054392-00054707 there but that at a benefit has to be
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00144-00054708-00055196 more than 1.1 and if that's the case
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00145-00055197-00055415 this holds and this lets us draw a
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00146-00055416-00055760 conclusion as we went from fifty percent
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00147-00055761-00056048 to ninety percent the cost and the
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00148-00056049-00056313 benefits came much closer together and
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00149-00056314-00056687 we can say then that as W approaches one
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00150-00056688-00056988 hundred percent as it gets closer to one
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00151-00056989-00057441 the benefit comes closer to the cost and
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00152-00057442-00057812 we can interpret this to mean that when
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00153-00057813-00058001 the likelihood we will meet again is
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00154-00058002-00058417 high altruism can evolve more easily and
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00155-00058419-00058712 that's because the cost-benefit ratio is
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00156-00058713-00059317 so close and that's a fairly intuitive
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00157-00059319-00059623 idea that it's going to be easier for
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00158-00059624-00059873 reciprocate errs to benefit one another
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00159-00059874-00060430 if they meet frequently so let's compare
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00160-00060432-00060844 that finding to Hamilton's rule and in
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00161-00060845-00061211 Hamilton's rule we found that altruism
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00162-00061212-00061506 could evolve most easily when the
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00163-00061507-00061879 relatedness was high so when r is
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00164-00061880-00062276 largest Hamilton's rule is most powerful
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00165-00062277-00062603 and a similar thing holds in parallel
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00166-00062604-00063130 for axelrod's rule if we're looking at
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00167-00063132-00063440 the evolution of altruism that's going
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00168-00063441-00064040 to be most easy when W is large and what
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00169-00064041-00064337 this means is that relatedness and the
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00170-00064338-00064576 likelihood of meeting again are
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00171-00064577-00064916 operating in parallel ways in these two
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00172-00064916-00065494 models so now let's imagine the W is
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00173-00065495-00065840 small so we reduce it down below fifty
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00174-00065841-00066235 percent all the way to ten percent and
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00175-00066236-00066826 if w is only point one then
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00176-00066827-00067069 does that mean about the benefit well it
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00177-00067070-00067271 means the benefit has to be greater than
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00178-00067272-00067681 10 times the cost and in terms of the
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00179-00067682-00067886 numbers that we're using in this
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00180-00067887-00068180 particular inequality it means that the
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00181-00068181-00068354 benefit has to be a number that's
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00182-00068355-00068725 greater than 10 so we can come as close
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00183-00068726-00069029 to 10 as we want without going without
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00184-00069030-00069424 the number being 10 maybe we would use
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00185-00069425-00069919 11 and this leads us to our second
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00186-00069920-00070259 conclusion and this is that as W
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00187-00070260-00070622 approaches 0 the benefit is going to
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00188-00070623-00070807 exceed the cost by an ever greater
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00189-00070808-00071167 amount in order for this model to work
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00190-00071168-00071593 and let's compare that finding to
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00191-00071594-00072076 Hamilton's rule so we found with
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00192-00072077-00072301 Hamilton's rule that inclusive fitness
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00193-00072302-00072694 had less impact as relatedness approach
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00194-00072695-00073048 0 and we said that is relatedness
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00195-00073049-00073354 approach 0 inclusive fitness is very
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00196-00073355-00073719 hard to calculate in a meaningful manner
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00197-00073720-00074197 similarly with axelrod's rule as a
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00198-00074198-00074474 probability of meeting again approaches
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00199-00074475-00074828 0 reciprocity will have less impact on
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00200-00074829-00075266 the actors behavior so again both of
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00201-00075267-00075442 these models are operating in parallel
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00202-00075443-00075860 as relatedness or the probability of
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00203-00075861-00076143 interacting again gets smaller the
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00204-00076144-00076553 significance of inclusive fitness or
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00205-00076554-00077135 reciprocity also become less now there
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00206-00077136-00077479 is another way to calculate W and we're
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00207-00077480-00077707 going to discuss that in the next part
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00208-00077708-00077960 of this presentation thank you for
+2IkNDKA-ULk-00209-00077961-00078179 listening
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00000-00000976-00001111 okay
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00001-00001112-00001391 okay welcome everyone to the alg
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00002-00001392-00001607 featured speaker series thank you so
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00003-00001607-00001775 much for joining us or if you are
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00004-00001776-00001934 watching the recording thank you for
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00005-00001935-00002047 watching
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00006-00002048-00002207 today we're going to be hearing from
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00007-00002208-00002526 jean mangan at the university of georgia
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00008-00002527-00002655 school of law
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00009-00002656-00002950 on the legal writing manual
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00010-00002951-00003110 if you have any questions during the
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00011-00003111-00003286 presentation please feel free to put
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00012-00003288-00003486 them in the chat and we will get to them
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00013-00003488-00003711 at the end of the presentation
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00014-00003711-00004015 if you are ready the floor is yours
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00015-00004015-00004327 all right hello welcome everyone i can
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00016-00004328-00004479 see the people in the chat and i know
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00017-00004480-00004679 most of them that makes me feel better
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00018-00004680-00004870 um for those of you who may be watching
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00019-00004871-00005015 this and don't know me or watching it
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00020-00005016-00005302 recorded my name is jean mangan and i
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00021-00005303-00005543 teach at the uga school of law i'm going
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00022-00005544-00005686 to talk to you guys about my legal
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00023-00005687-00005911 writing manual the second edition that i
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00024-00005912-00006038 did through the affordable learning
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00025-00006039-00006286 continuous improvement grant so real
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00026-00006287-00006431 quick here's me
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00027-00006431-00006606 my title here's where i work
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00028-00006608-00006863 i don't have my camera on because one
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00029-00006864-00007151 max and teams don't work well together
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00030-00007152-00007398 and also i'm actually sitting on the
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00031-00007400-00007719 floor of a fitness center at a hotel so
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00032-00007720-00007991 um this is what i look like i also am
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00033-00007992-00008423 always this excited when i talk okay so
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00034-00008424-00008719 i have been teaching legal writing since
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00035-00008720-00008991 august of 2018 so i'm still new
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00036-00008992-00009199 and i want to make sure like as i'm
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00037-00009200-00009359 moving forward through this presentation
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00038-00009360-00009535 i'm going to talk about
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00039-00009536-00009783 open educational resource.oer
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00040-00009784-00009959 and
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00041-00009960-00010119 i will be really
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00042-00010120-00010310 enthusiastic about my way but i
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00043-00010311-00010503 recognize that my way of pursuing this
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00044-00010504-00010735 is not the only way i just want to give
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00045-00010736-00010855 you guys
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00046-00010856-00011151 a vision or a way to look at doing this
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00047-00011152-00011310 and i but up front i want to acknowledge
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00048-00011311-00011471 there are plenty of other ways to use
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00049-00011472-00011710 oer or create oer rather than how i did
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00050-00011711-00011991 it although i like how i did it so
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00051-00011992-00012142 okay
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00052-00012143-00012487 first things first why did i even start
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00053-00012488-00012719 creating oer resources
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00054-00012720-00012846 well
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00055-00012847-00013030 it first started
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00056-00013031-00013215 not without i had no idea what open
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00057-00013216-00013383 educational resource was i was just
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00058-00013384-00013519 feeling like
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00059-00013519-00013783 a commercial textbook cost way too much
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00060-00013784-00013951 the first year that i taught the
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00061-00013952-00014263 textbook that i was using was 120
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00062-00014263-00014391 um
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00063-00014391-00014486 and
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00064-00014487-00014719 i also felt like we weren't using a huge
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00065-00014719-00014999 percentage of that book in class
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00066-00015000-00015158 or um
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00067-00015159-00015350 the percentage that we did i was finding
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00068-00015351-00015566 that i was saying okay we're gonna do
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00069-00015568-00015758 what paragraphs one and three say but
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00070-00015759-00015983 ignore paragraph two
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00071-00015984-00016063 and
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00072-00016063-00016255 i thought to myself
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00073-00016256-00016439 as a student i would be really
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00074-00016440-00016671 frustrated if i were spending
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00075-00016672-00017022 120 on a book that we're not even using
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00076-00017023-00017230 or the teacher is saying disregard parts
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00077-00017231-00017422 of it or
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00078-00017423-00017711 it just felt like it wasn't
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00079-00017712-00017879 fair to the student
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00080-00017880-00017983 and
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00081-00017984-00018183 legal writing is a required class for
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00082-00018184-00018414 law students and i i use this book for
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00083-00018415-00018614 the first year law students so they're
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00084-00018615-00018807 brand new to law school they all think
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00085-00018808-00019039 they're excellent writers and i have a
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00086-00019040-00019286 lot of hurdles to overcome
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00087-00019287-00019591 anyway to convince students to
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00088-00019592-00019871 consider my way of doing legal writing
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00089-00019872-00020079 and i thought this textbook is creating
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00090-00020080-00020350 an unnecessary barrier towards students
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00091-00020351-00020591 buying into what the class is teaching
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00092-00020592-00020799 and because it's required class and
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00093-00020800-00020967 because it was so important that we
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00094-00020968-00021158 develop a rapport
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00095-00021159-00021375 i wanted to see is there a way that i
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00096-00021376-00021511 can fix it
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00097-00021512-00021719 so the first thing that i did was to
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00098-00021720-00021975 create a course packet um
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00099-00021976-00022239 i call it my preliminary efforts
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00100-00022240-00022535 so what i did is i read through legal
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00101-00022536-00022750 writing textbooks
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00102-00022751-00022950 i read through probably 20 different
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00103-00022951-00023158 ones and i pulled the chapters that i
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00104-00023159-00023375 liked the best i also used some online
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00105-00023376-00023550 resources
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00106-00023551-00023894 and i went to our local print
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00107-00023895-00024271 place in athens that does course packets
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00108-00024272-00024439 and asked them to go ahead and get me
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00109-00024440-00024575 the copyright permissions and all that
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00110-00024576-00024750 kind of stuff and so we put together
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00111-00024751-00024855 this packet
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00112-00024856-00024991 and it was it was great it was
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00113-00024992-00025230 definitely more targeted i knew
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00114-00025231-00025511 why each reading was in there i had
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00115-00025512-00025711 selected it on purpose
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00116-00025712-00025950 it most closely matched what i wanted
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00117-00025951-00026055 and
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00118-00026056-00026239 but it still wasn't
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00119-00026239-00026479 exactly the way that i was teaching
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00120-00026480-00026687 because we all as faculty teach in our
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00121-00026688-00026951 own unique ways and the cost of it was
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00122-00026952-00027070 still
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00123-00027072-00027407 i'm 63.86 that's how much it cost but
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00124-00027408-00027783 this only covered the first semester so
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00125-00027783-00028014 i had this goal of
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00126-00028016-00028135 not
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00127-00028136-00028287 spending as having a student spend as
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00128-00028288-00028423 much on the book
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00129-00028424-00028607 but cost wise it was going to come out
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00130-00028608-00028790 about the same
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00131-00028791-00028943 um
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00132-00028944-00029151 so
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00133-00029152-00029351 i was kind of like okay well what do i
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00134-00029352-00029623 do i need to you know copyright is
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00135-00029624-00029743 something that's important i don't want
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00136-00029744-00029862 to take other people's work there's a
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00137-00029863-00030039 lot of value in the work that people
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00138-00030039-00030223 have put together and put in commercial
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00139-00030224-00030607 textbooks um but one of my priorities as
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00140-00030608-00030807 an instructor
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00141-00030808-00031239 was to lower every hurdle possible
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00142-00031239-00031470 to increase diversity in the legal
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00143-00031472-00031646 profession and one of those places is
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00144-00031647-00031758 cost
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00145-00031760-00031831 so
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00146-00031832-00032062 while i was wrestling with all of this
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00147-00032063-00032327 i had a student who i actually worked
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00148-00032327-00032502 with in a different capacity before i
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00149-00032503-00032695 started teaching legal writing i was a
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00150-00032695-00032871 staff attorney for
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00151-00032872-00033055 the world bank child endangerment and
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00152-00033056-00033262 sexual exploitation clinic at the law
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00153-00033263-00033423 school and so a student that i had
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00154-00033424-00033687 worked with there was also in an upper
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00155-00033688-00033855 upper-level class with me
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00156-00033856-00034127 and he asked me if i happen to be hiring
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00157-00034128-00034231 a ta
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00158-00034232-00034367 um he said you know i'm going to
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00159-00034368-00034543 graduate next semester
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00160-00034544-00034799 and um
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00161-00034800-00034887 i
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00162-00034888-00035167 i need funding i need something
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00163-00035168-00035279 so
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00164-00035280-00035487 i didn't have a budget to do that but i
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00165-00035488-00035687 went around searching and i actually
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00166-00035688-00035871 ended up talking to
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00167-00035872-00036079 stephen wilson who is one of the law
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00168-00036080-00036318 librarians at the law school and he told
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00169-00036319-00036559 me about this magical thing called open
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00170-00036560-00036759 educational resources
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00171-00036760-00037023 and i thought this is awesome and he was
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00172-00037024-00037207 like and you know there's there's a
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00173-00037208-00037479 grant right now actually and i first
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00174-00037480-00037751 found out about it um this way and so
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00175-00037752-00037902 the grant that i used for the first
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00176-00037903-00038343 edition was through uga's office um
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00177-00038344-00038646 the vice provost and this first edition
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00178-00038647-00038862 i created with chase um and with
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00179-00038863-00039071 gabrielle gravel
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00180-00039072-00039399 and i liked it um
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00181-00039400-00039567 but one of the other things that stephen
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00182-00039568-00039718 had cautioned me and that i was seeing
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00183-00039719-00039927 about oer when i did all this research
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00184-00039928-00040111 online about how the heck do i do this
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00185-00040112-00040183 is
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00186-00040184-00040471 take it small so my first takeaway i
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00187-00040472-00040687 want to give to everyone
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00188-00040688-00040911 who is thinking about creating your own
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00189-00040912-00041135 oer resources or
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00190-00041136-00041415 adapting or adopting someone else's oer
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00191-00041416-00041535 resources
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00192-00041536-00041751 is give yourself permission not to get
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00193-00041752-00041990 it right on the first time or the second
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00194-00041991-00042158 time or the third time
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00195-00042159-00042415 um and so with this first edition my big
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00196-00042416-00042743 goal was just to get
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00197-00042744-00043046 the text i didn't have any examples um
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00198-00043047-00043343 it's actually 126 page pdf it's all in
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00199-00043344-00043727 times new roman 14 point font um
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00200-00043728-00043918 i had designed it so you could download
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00201-00043919-00044111 each chapter to stand alone but that
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00202-00044112-00044262 meant there were no cross references
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00203-00044263-00044415 between the chapters and there were no
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00204-00044416-00044527 numbers
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00205-00044528-00044662 um
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00206-00044663-00044862 and the reason for picking the
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00207-00044863-00045087 formatting that i did is i was thinking
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00208-00045088-00045246 i want my audience to be able to pick
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00209-00045247-00045495 this apart as quickly as they can
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00210-00045496-00045695 but i failed to
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00211-00045696-00045958 acknowledge that my primary audience was
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00212-00045959-00046127 going to be students
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00213-00046128-00046446 um and they had difficulty with
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00214-00046447-00046702 this format because they
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00215-00046703-00046935 it didn't look like a book it didn't
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00216-00046936-00047143 feel like a book and it was really hard
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00217-00047144-00047423 to navigate um again i mentioned student
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00218-00047424-00047567 co-authors and i really want to shout
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00219-00047568-00047758 out to them this is something that i've
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00220-00047759-00047958 also made really important to my work in
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00221-00047959-00048215 the oer space is to always be bringing
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00222-00048216-00048423 students in to help me write
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00223-00048424-00048583 again this is a choice i make not
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00224-00048584-00048839 everyone wants to do that but i think
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00225-00048840-00049271 that having students involved
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00226-00049272-00049446 means that i get over that problem that
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00227-00049447-00049646 so many faculty have which is i'm an
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00228-00049647-00049807 expert at this point and sometimes i
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00229-00049808-00050007 forget what it's like to be new and i
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00230-00050008-00050183 was really fortunate that both chase and
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00231-00050184-00050390 gabby were able to
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00232-00050391-00050679 work with me on this first edition and
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00233-00050680-00050902 provide research resources and research
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00234-00050903-00051167 but more importantly i sent them the
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00235-00051168-00051311 draft and i said okay does this make
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00236-00051312-00051390 sense
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00237-00051391-00051582 and they would be able to be like
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00238-00051583-00051663 no
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00239-00051664-00051902 actually this does not help at all
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00240-00051903-00052126 and gabby actually came in after she had
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00241-00052127-00052326 just taken my class and so she was able
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00242-00052327-00052591 to provide feedback as a student of your
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00243-00052591-00052687 class
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00244-00052688-00052894 the book is helpful here but it's not
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00245-00052895-00053094 helpful here so and gabby used the
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00246-00053095-00053215 packet
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00247-00053216-00053423 so
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00248-00053424-00053550 i'm sitting here and i'm going okay i
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00249-00053551-00053726 started small i've got my first edition
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00250-00053727-00053911 i'm already seeing that there are issues
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00251-00053912-00054015 with it
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00252-00054016-00054119 um
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00253-00054120-00054326 i still like it because we're all on the
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00254-00054327-00054566 same page in terms of vocabulary
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00255-00054567-00054887 but i um it needs more work
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00256-00054888-00055038 and this is when i found out about
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00257-00055039-00055254 affordable learning georgia
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00258-00055255-00055487 i feel like most of my oer journey is
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00259-00055488-00055750 just stumbling into excellent resources
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00260-00055751-00055894 because
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00261-00055895-00056038 they just come in
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00262-00056039-00056287 at a fortuitous or serendipitous moment
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00263-00056288-00056638 and so
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00264-00056639-00056775 when i found out about alg and what they
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00265-00056776-00056903 were asking for i was like this is
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00266-00056904-00057079 awesome
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00267-00057079-00057207 so
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00268-00057208-00057471 knowing i needed to improve um i was
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00269-00057472-00057719 using it but what i also did while i was
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00270-00057720-00057911 looking for more grant funding to write
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00271-00057912-00058175 the second edition was i actually gave
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00272-00058176-00058287 my class
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00273-00058288-00058487 that year a series of qualtric surveys
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00274-00058488-00058663 for each chapter and it was the same
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00275-00058664-00058854 questions each time it was essentially
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00276-00058855-00059007 what worked what didn't what would you
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00277-00059008-00059150 like to see changed
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00278-00059151-00059303 they were anonymous
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00279-00059304-00059487 students would
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00280-00059488-00059782 i never got 100 participation um
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00281-00059783-00059894 typically if they didn't like the
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00282-00059895-00060023 chapter i'd get more feedback on
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00283-00060024-00060247 something that was bad
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00284-00060248-00060399 but it was really nice to collect that
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00285-00060400-00060638 data from the students using the text so
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00286-00060639-00060854 i could decide how to improve it
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00287-00060855-00061006 and then of course using the materials
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00288-00061007-00061311 for the school year let me see
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00289-00061312-00061447 where there were errors i talked about a
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00290-00061448-00061582 couple of those before
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00291-00061583-00061775 so
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00292-00061776-00062103 alg continuous improvement grant
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00293-00062104-00062191 again
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00294-00062191-00062342 recognizing there's probably a mix of
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00295-00062344-00062606 audience and who's taking in this
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00296-00062607-00062903 presentation or this recording um alg
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00297-00062904-00063087 affordable learning georgia offers two
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00298-00063088-00063287 types of grants they have a textbook
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00299-00063288-00063582 transformation grant which is for
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00300-00063583-00063750 doing a whole new thing which is
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00301-00063751-00063879 essentially what i did with my first
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00302-00063879-00064071 edition but they also offer these
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00303-00064072-00064311 excellent continuous improvement grants
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00304-00064312-00064447 and what they allow for i just pulled
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00305-00064448-00064606 this from their website but they let for
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00306-00064607-00064830 that revision of oer creation of
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00307-00064832-00065094 ancillaries or to replace current oer
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00308-00065095-00065350 with new and improved and honestly i
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00309-00065351-00065599 wanted to do all three of those things
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00310-00065600-00065671 so
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00311-00065672-00065911 i submitted for this grant and waited
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00312-00065912-00066167 with baited breath and i got it it was
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00313-00066168-00066503 so exciting um but of course with
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00314-00066504-00066815 a new grant and a new funding agency
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00315-00066816-00066982 there ended up being some new variables
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00316-00066983-00067215 that i had to keep in mind
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00317-00067216-00067343 so
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00318-00067344-00067735 rather than using the pdf as the final
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00319-00067736-00067959 deliverable
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00320-00067960-00068079 alg
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00321-00068080-00068279 has a platform an online platform to
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00322-00068280-00068431 host your resources that's called
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00323-00068432-00068703 manifold and i will tell you i'm still
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00324-00068704-00068894 intimidated by talking about online
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00325-00068895-00069087 hosting anything so if i use these words
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00326-00069088-00069294 wrong this is me not anyone who tried to
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00327-00069295-00069543 train me um
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00328-00069544-00069655 but
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00329-00069656-00069823 it was something i wanted i wanted to
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00330-00069824-00070082 use but i had to figure out how to use
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00331-00070083-00070263 tiffany
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00332-00070264-00070367 would
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00333-00070368-00070526 guided me every step of the way on how
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00334-00070527-00070743 to do this so if you're
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00335-00070744-00070879 thinking about doing this but you're
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00336-00070880-00071094 feeling intimidated by online affordable
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00337-00071095-00071326 learning georgia has folks that are
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00338-00071327-00071647 willing able and nice when they help and
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00339-00071648-00071855 something else that was a new thing for
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00340-00071856-00072038 me
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00341-00072039-00072206 with the second edition and getting the
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00342-00072207-00072382 grant for continuous improvement is they
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00343-00072383-00072519 had added that everything had to be
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00344-00072520-00072694 completely accessible
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00345-00072695-00072894 and i hadn't really considered before
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00346-00072895-00073094 what
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00347-00073095-00073271 what that meant i mean when i was
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00348-00073272-00073455 thinking accessible i was thinking in
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00349-00073456-00073647 terms of cost i was thinking in terms of
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00350-00073648-00073903 paywalls but i was able to learn through
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00351-00073904-00074031 the kickoff meeting and through the
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00352-00074032-00074215 training and the handouts the materials
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00353-00074216-00074455 were provided by alg accessibility is
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00354-00074456-00074647 more than that it's recognizing not
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00355-00074648-00074975 every student can arrive
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00356-00074976-00075206 to encounter a textbook in the way that
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00357-00075207-00075367 we consider to be the weight main way
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00358-00075368-00075503 you consume it which is you hold it in
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00359-00075504-00075671 your hands and you use your eyes to read
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00360-00075672-00075855 it so
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00361-00075856-00076038 one of the big things that was new about
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00362-00076039-00076326 the second edition for me is that
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00363-00076327-00076406 the
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00364-00076407-00076671 product i created had to be able to also
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00365-00076672-00076926 be in a microsoft word document
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00366-00076927-00077119 that could be accessible for those who
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00367-00077120-00077287 have vision impairments so they could
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00368-00077288-00077543 use their screen readers in order to
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00369-00077544-00077687 read the text
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00370-00077688-00077919 and what that meant was
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00371-00077920-00078094 i had to make sure i used the microsoft
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00372-00078095-00078238 word formatting for different headings
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00373-00078239-00078503 and things but i also had to think about
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00374-00078504-00078711 okay if i insert a table
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00375-00078712-00079079 that looks great but is the reader the
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00376-00079080-00079303 screen reader going to be able to read
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00377-00079304-00079431 that table
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00378-00079432-00079575 in the way that i'm intending the
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00379-00079576-00079767 audience to take it in
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00380-00079768-00080055 and the answer was no so there were a
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00381-00080056-00080215 lot of things that i had to think about
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00382-00080216-00080423 and redesign
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00383-00080424-00080567 the content was fine but i had to think
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00384-00080568-00080791 about how i presented it and what i
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00385-00080792-00081031 found through doing this was not only
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00386-00081032-00081262 does this help folks who need to use a
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00387-00081263-00081431 screen reader there's plenty of people
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00388-00081432-00081567 who prefer
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00389-00081568-00081671 to
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00390-00081672-00081879 use a screen reader just as a matter of
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00391-00081880-00081975 preference
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00392-00081976-00082126 and the more i got into learning about
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00393-00082127-00082279 accessibility the more i thought you
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00394-00082280-00082543 know if my goal is to reduce barriers
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00395-00082544-00082806 and obstacles to access then yes in
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00396-00082807-00082991 addition to cost i absolutely need to be
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00397-00082992-00083159 thinking about including
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00398-00083160-00083503 not just a neurotypical student um but
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00399-00083504-00083671 also people with neurodivergencies
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00400-00083672-00083894 people with learning and vision and
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00401-00083895-00084062 other developmental
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00402-00084063-00084311 hate deficit model but deficit uh delays
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00403-00084312-00084479 and that kind of thing because
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00404-00084480-00084638 if we want to have a diverse profession
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00405-00084639-00084823 that that means more than just the
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00406-00084824-00084999 people who can afford to go it means
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00407-00085000-00085111 people with all kinds of different
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00408-00085112-00085215 thinking
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00409-00085216-00085375 um the other things were i wanted to add
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00410-00085376-00085518 in graphics but i had to figure out how
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00411-00085519-00085703 to do that and make it accessible and
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00412-00085704-00085959 then i needed to add an example
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00413-00085960-00086055 so
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00414-00086056-00086247 the biggest thing i got from students
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00415-00086248-00086343 was
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00416-00086344-00086599 they did not
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00417-00086600-00086750 like that there were no examples that
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00418-00086751-00086903 was not okay
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00419-00086904-00087135 so i needed to come up with a whole
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00420-00087136-00087271 series of
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00421-00087272-00087543 examples for the book um that students
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00422-00087544-00087767 could use and so what i had i designed
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00423-00087768-00088015 the the book to be uh starting from the
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00424-00088016-00088247 beginning of law school through creating
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00425-00088248-00088606 a memo and then a brief um
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00426-00088607-00088791 and so i took
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00427-00088792-00088950 we decided to create a series of
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00428-00088951-00089199 examples starting with raw cases just go
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00429-00089200-00089399 read this case and then show how could
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00430-00089400-00089567 that case get annotated how could it be
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00431-00089568-00089831 brief use those same test cases for rule
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00432-00089832-00090047 synthesis case synthesis so essentially
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00433-00090048-00090279 we created a case study for this
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00434-00090280-00090726 um and i really like the result um
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00435-00090727-00090903 but before we get to that let's talk a
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00436-00090904-00091126 little bit about the process so
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00437-00091127-00091303 one of the things like throwing all
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00438-00091304-00091471 these different things out at you how
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00439-00091472-00091750 did i keep up with all of this and so
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00440-00091751-00091918 this was something that i struggled with
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00441-00091919-00092055 when i was first starting on this
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00442-00092056-00092350 journey of how do i
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00443-00092351-00092671 write a book with a call with a
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00444-00092672-00092887 colleague with a student co-author
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00445-00092888-00093247 and also maintain my teaching load and
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00446-00093248-00093399 not lose track of what the heck i'm
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00447-00093400-00093494 doing
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00448-00093495-00093718 and so what britney and i did is we had
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00449-00093719-00093935 a shared google doc and i've just taken
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00450-00093936-00094118 some screenshots of what we did
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00451-00094119-00094335 we would give lists of what i needed to
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00452-00094336-00094543 do what she needed to do we would write
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00453-00094544-00094847 notes to each other we would um
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00454-00094848-00095015 we essentially
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00455-00095016-00095262 had a very very long text thread through
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00456-00095263-00095479 google docs but it was able to update us
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00457-00095480-00095606 as we went
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00458-00095607-00095774 and and i built from this process from
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00459-00095775-00095991 the first edition where when chase was
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00460-00095992-00096247 doing research for me and he would scan
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00461-00096248-00096406 everything in and upload it to a google
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00462-00096407-00096503 drive
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00463-00096504-00096687 folder and so we could share it that way
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00464-00096688-00096894 rather than having to do hard copy and
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00465-00096895-00097071 then we finally got to using google docs
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00466-00097072-00097174 so
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00467-00097175-00097462 not very high tech but it worked really
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00468-00097463-00097679 well for us and it's the process that i
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00469-00097680-00097823 i keep using
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00470-00097824-00098062 okay so here is the cover of the legal
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00471-00098063-00098238 writing manual second edition
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00472-00098239-00098462 um i also
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00473-00098463-00098687 so i want to just kind of note i know on
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00474-00098688-00098879 the title it doesn't have the
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00475-00098880-00099143 page excuse me on the cover page it
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00476-00099144-00099374 doesn't have the edition number and it
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00477-00099375-00099767 doesn't have my student co-authors
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00478-00099768-00099959 honestly this was for budgetary reasons
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00479-00099960-00100126 i paid a graphic designer out of my own
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00480-00100127-00100279 pocket to make this and i wanted to be
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00481-00100280-00100406 able to keep using it and i knew i
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00482-00100407-00100574 wanted to keep updating it
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00483-00100575-00100694 um
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00484-00100695-00100799 so
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00485-00100800-00100959 i know that that's kind of not in line
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00486-00100960-00101071 but
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00487-00101072-00101206 that's what we have i just think it
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00488-00101207-00101399 helps again that create that initial
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00489-00101400-00101662 buy-in when you encounter it of oh
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00490-00101663-00101887 this has been designed to teach rather
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00491-00101888-00102103 than just like a cover page that looks
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00492-00102104-00102247 like someone typed it on their computer
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00493-00102248-00102399 which is what i did with the first
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00494-00102400-00102510 position
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00495-00102511-00102599 okay
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00496-00102600-00102823 two student co-authors i had brittany
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00497-00102824-00103175 goad and connolly duase britney is the
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00498-00103176-00103447 one who wrote
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00499-00103448-00103694 all of the examples with me and also
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00500-00103695-00103902 helped me comb through the qualtrics
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00501-00103903-00104134 survey data and
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00502-00104135-00104375 we decided what what's a trend versus
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00503-00104376-00104518 what is a one-off
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00504-00104519-00104654 and connolly
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00505-00104655-00104934 did the graphic design for everything
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00506-00104935-00105247 that's inside the book so it's really
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00507-00105248-00105399 neat these are students that i
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00508-00105400-00105607 encountered from teaching them in class
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00509-00105608-00105815 and we were able to connect over an
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00510-00105816-00106166 interest in
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00511-00106167-00106407 in creating more access to legal
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00512-00106408-00106631 education in different ways connolly
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00513-00106632-00106823 also expressed that she had an interest
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00514-00106824-00107151 in developing a design portfolio because
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00515-00107152-00107471 she's she's a very talented artist so
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00516-00107472-00107678 what i also love about doing these oer
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00517-00107679-00107854 textbooks particularly through these
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00518-00107855-00108158 grants is i'm able to pay students
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00519-00108159-00108431 for them to try out something that they
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00520-00108432-00108639 are excited about
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00521-00108640-00108807 and i also give them a line on their
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00522-00108808-00109063 resume we get a great resource out of it
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00523-00109064-00109223 and i get to see my students more as
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00524-00109224-00109478 whole people rather than just names on a
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00525-00109479-00109599 list and i think that that is really
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00526-00109600-00109727 really cool
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00527-00109728-00109815 okay
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00528-00109816-00110039 so what i'm going to do now is actually
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00529-00110040-00110319 show you guys a quick video minute and
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00530-00110320-00110510 36 seconds of
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00531-00110511-00110758 what does this book look like
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00532-00110759-00110895 on manifold
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00533-00110896-00110999 so
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00534-00111000-00111295 hopefully this is good yeah okay
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00535-00111296-00111471 so this is the opening page when you go
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00536-00111472-00111671 in you can scroll down
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00537-00111672-00111886 you'll see table of contents each of
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00538-00111888-00112083 these is linked
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00539-00112083-00112302 to it will take you to the chapter if
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00540-00112303-00112439 you click on them
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00541-00112440-00112590 in addition to chapters you also have
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00542-00112591-00112734 the appendices
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00543-00112735-00112878 so these are the things i attached on
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00544-00112879-00113078 these are all the different resources
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00545-00113079-00113295 for example
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00546-00113296-00113502 now if you want to start reading it you
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00547-00113503-00113727 click here and this is what it takes you
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00548-00113728-00113910 to this is the first page you'll see my
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00549-00113911-00114054 shout out to my folks i worked with so
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00550-00114055-00114175 far
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00551-00114176-00114334 if you go in the top left there's a
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00552-00114335-00114575 table of contents this is another way to
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00553-00114576-00114775 navigate through the book
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00554-00114776-00114951 i also wrote this chapter of how to use
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00555-00114952-00115119 this book because i wanted people to
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00556-00115120-00115358 actually look at it here are the
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00557-00115359-00115607 beautiful beautiful oh it has a paws i
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00558-00115608-00115766 just they're so beautiful
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00559-00115767-00115975 connolly made these excellent excellent
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00560-00115976-00116071 graphics
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00561-00116072-00116254 and so this one that i paused on right
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00562-00116255-00116431 here
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00563-00116432-00116719 this is the entire year's worth of
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00564-00116720-00117015 writing summarized in one graphic
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00565-00117016-00117183 i will tell you this is really
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00566-00117183-00117295 challenging
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00567-00117296-00117551 for me to even conceive of and finally
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00568-00117552-00117751 worked very patiently with me on how to
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00569-00117752-00117839 make this
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00570-00117840-00118023 but here's kind of my next plug for why
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00571-00118024-00118278 doing oer is helpful beyond just saving
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00572-00118279-00118527 folks money is
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00573-00118528-00118710 going through this process of writing
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00574-00118711-00118839 this book and putting together this
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00575-00118840-00118999 graphic made me really have to think
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00576-00119000-00119278 about why am i teaching each thing how
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00577-00119279-00119454 does it connect what are my learning
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00578-00119455-00119558 objectives
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00579-00119559-00119686 and so
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00580-00119688-00119919 writing this book really has helped me
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00581-00119920-00120207 hone my why for each thing we do in
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00582-00120208-00120334 class
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00583-00120335-00120478 so also we do a lot of building so we
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00584-00120479-00120654 have a summary of law that builds to a
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00585-00120655-00120790 memo
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00586-00120791-00120910 objective writing we switch over to
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00587-00120911-00121110 persuasive writing
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00588-00121111-00121302 okay so then you can just next chapter
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00589-00121303-00121454 oh i didn't do that good i just scrolled
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00590-00121455-00121631 down oh right okay so what we're going
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00591-00121632-00121799 to do now is look at the last chapter
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00592-00121800-00121934 parts of appellate brief because this
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00593-00121935-00122263 also shows another neat part of manifold
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00594-00122264-00122343 um
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00595-00122344-00122583 which is this chapter is really long so
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00596-00122583-00122734 this is one of the downsides i think to
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00597-00122735-00122990 the screen to being online
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00598-00122991-00123190 is it it's on but we're scroll down
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00599-00123191-00123390 eventually we're going to get to word
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00600-00123391-00123639 documents they're actually linked in the
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00601-00123640-00123766 chapter
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00602-00123767-00123999 that students can access right then so
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00603-00124000-00124151 in this parts of appellate brief they're
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00604-00124152-00124247 having to write all these different
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00605-00124248-00124431 components but they need to make a title
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00606-00124432-00124743 page well i have a doc embedded in there
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00607-00124744-00124919 they're just manual
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00608-00124920-00125143 to fill in but it gives them an idea
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00609-00125144-00125319 about where to start so they're not
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00610-00125320-00125534 spending their time
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00611-00125535-00125871 um
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00612-00125872-00126039 fighting with word and instead are able
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00613-00126040-00126175 to spend time focusing on the learning
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00614-00126176-00126358 outcomes that i want them to do
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00615-00126359-00126543 so this is the second edition that i was
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00616-00126544-00126766 able to create with the affordable
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00617-00126767-00127031 learning grant that i got for round 19.
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00618-00127032-00127175 um
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00619-00127176-00127343 keep going
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00620-00127344-00127566 so just wanted to kind of say once you
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00621-00127567-00127727 start you just can't stop it's like
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00622-00127728-00127854 pringles
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00623-00127855-00127999 um
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00624-00128000-00128223 i actually have also been able to get a
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00625-00128224-00128390 grant from affordable learning georgia
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00626-00128391-00128631 to do a legal excerpt
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00627-00128632-00128807 textbook and that one was written very
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00628-00128808-00128975 differently i just took a lot it was
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00629-00128976-00129175 case law case law is all public domain
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00630-00129176-00129375 but textbooks for law school again are
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00631-00129376-00129599 super expensive so gabe doster worked
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00632-00129600-00129686 with me
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00633-00129688-00129854 on this he's the one on the left in
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00634-00129855-00130102 order to as a student who took my class
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00635-00130103-00130247 he reviewed everything i put together
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00636-00130248-00130471 and made sure it made sense right now
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00637-00130472-00130654 i'm working on creating the annotated
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00638-00130655-00130878 examples again that building piece by
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00639-00130879-00131183 piece nav ali is working with me on that
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00640-00131184-00131295 and we're going around the state of
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00641-00131296-00131502 georgia pulling criminal law
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00642-00131503-00131631 documents have actually been filed in
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00643-00131632-00131751 courts and we're going to annotate those
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00644-00131752-00131911 for students to see
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00645-00131912-00132207 um and my next steps i fortunately just
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00646-00132208-00132343 received another affordable learning
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00647-00132344-00132495 georgia grant i'm going to work on the
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00648-00132496-00132735 third edition for legal writing
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00649-00132736-00132966 max museco who took me last year as a
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00650-00132967-00133102 current 2l
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00651-00133103-00133327 and he is working on the next set of
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00652-00133328-00133551 examples and he actually has to write a
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00653-00133552-00133799 full brief for this so
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00654-00133800-00134207 shout out to max for his enthusiasm with
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00655-00134208-00134478 full examples and then i'm dylan cohen
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00656-00134479-00134631 who is a current student of mine right
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00657-00134632-00134847 now is going to work with me on really
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00658-00134848-00134990 updating the persuasive writing and
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00659-00134991-00135214 part-time appellate brief chapter
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00660-00135215-00135478 another practice tip i'd say is that so
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00661-00135479-00135654 often when we work on projects we want
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00662-00135655-00135799 to start at the beginning and go to the
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00663-00135800-00135902 end
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00664-00135903-00136119 but i was finding that i was never
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00665-00136120-00136287 saving enough time for that persuasive
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00666-00136288-00136439 writing piece which is the second
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00667-00136440-00136702 semester in the book so this time with
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00668-00136703-00137014 this alg grant i chose to focus on
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00669-00137015-00137223 that second semester worth of materials
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00670-00137224-00137407 in an effort to get them to be really
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00671-00137408-00137687 more kind of where i want them to be
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00672-00137688-00137911 um so with that it's me i'm jean mangan
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00673-00137912-00138095 here's my email
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00674-00138096-00138335 i love talking about oer it's one of my
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00675-00138336-00138487 favorite topics
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00676-00138488-00138631 um
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00677-00138632-00138790 and i think it's super duper awesome in
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00678-00138791-00139047 lots and lots of ways so
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00679-00139048-00139214 that's how i put together the second
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00680-00139215-00139431 edition and where i'm going here
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00681-00139432-00139559 oh oh i'm supposed to tell you about
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00682-00139560-00139751 implementation results
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00683-00139752-00139990 y'all once everyone is on the same
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00684-00139991-00140207 vocabulary page we're like we're all
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00685-00140208-00140375 talking about the same legal writing
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00686-00140376-00140511 paradigm or we're all talking about a
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00687-00140512-00140743 question presented in the same way
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00688-00140744-00141078 it has reduced the miscommunication for
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00689-00141079-00141231 the fundamental
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00690-00141232-00141414 basics so we really aren't spending a
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00691-00141415-00141631 lot of time agreeing on terms and
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00692-00141632-00141790 instead we're able to start diving into
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00693-00141791-00142031 the whys in the house and applications
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00694-00142032-00142263 so i'll say another thing that has been
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00695-00142264-00142519 a benefit that i've seen just from a
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00696-00142520-00142711 a classroom pedagogy standpoint has been
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00697-00142712-00142895 we are able to all be on the same page
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00698-00142896-00143071 and have conversations
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00699-00143072-00143326 about what we're doing quickly
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00700-00143327-00143519 more so than we were before and i will
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00701-00143520-00143702 say that since i've implemented my
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00702-00143703-00143983 textbook i have seen all of my students
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00703-00143984-00144278 every year master the organization
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00704-00144279-00144439 that is needed for legal writing which
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00705-00144440-00144575 is honestly
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00706-00144576-00144783 the most important part and sometimes
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00707-00144784-00144951 the hardest part to get
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00708-00144952-00145135 uh so i would say implementation-wise
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00709-00145136-00145359 this has been really successful for me
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00710-00145360-00145526 um and
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00711-00145527-00145959 that's all i got
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00712-00145960-00146135 thank you that was awesome
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00713-00146136-00146311 um and it's actually really cool though
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00714-00146312-00146526 that that last part that you were
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00715-00146527-00146878 talking about with uh classroom changes
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00716-00146879-00147111 it's really great to hear about um how
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00717-00147112-00147239 this affects
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00718-00147240-00147414 that sort of different kind of classroom
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00719-00147415-00147614 that is the law classroom because we
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00720-00147615-00147863 haven't heard from that um
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00721-00147864-00147951 and
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00722-00147952-00148175 so yeah it's really great to hear that
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00723-00148176-00148375 things are working well
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00724-00148376-00148623 uh in your classroom with your textbook
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00725-00148624-00148895 and that you are going to continue on
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00726-00148896-00149087 that path
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00727-00149088-00149743 do we have any questions
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00728-00149744-00150039 feel free to use your mic or use the
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00729-00150040-00150151 chat
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00730-00150152-00150359 and i apologize if you hear thunder in
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00731-00150360-00151071 the background
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00732-00151072-00151231 we have in the chat
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00733-00151232-00151511 from ramy haddad thank you so much for
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00734-00151512-00151678 this amazing presentation and best of
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00735-00151679-00151911 luck with your third edition
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00736-00151912-00153487 thank you
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00737-00153488-00153639 go ahead
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00738-00153640-00153887 oh i was just gonna say i the audience i
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00739-00153888-00154183 kind of packed the audience with people
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00740-00154184-00154319 but you'll see
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00741-00154320-00154478 two of my student co-authors are
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00742-00154479-00154631 actually here both chase glendale and
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00743-00154632-00154766 max and seiko
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00744-00154767-00154863 um
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00745-00154864-00155102 you'll also see stephen wilson is here
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00746-00155103-00155399 he was so he is still my my oer go-to
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00747-00155400-00155478 and
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00748-00155479-00155735 he's wonderful um and and then megan
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00749-00155736-00155926 flanagan is
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00750-00155927-00156102 a peer reviewer who has had to read
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00751-00156103-00156247 multiple editions of this thing she's a
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00752-00156248-00156414 practicing attorney but she always was
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00753-00156415-00156575 willing to come in and look at what i've
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00754-00156576-00156735 written and be like yes this is still
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00755-00156736-00156990 useful thank you um oh and marianne
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00756-00156991-00157175 daniels here and she and i have gotten
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00757-00157176-00157326 to talk about how much i love oer and
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00758-00157327-00157511 she's seen my obsessive excitement with
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00759-00157512-00157735 it so this is cool so basically hi
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00760-00157736-00158319 everyone
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00761-00158320-00158663 that's awesome and and i am i am very
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00762-00158664-00158847 sure that we will also have a lot of
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00763-00158848-00159071 people watching the video
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00764-00159072-00159311 um because uh we have quite a few people
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00765-00159312-00159454 who actually go back and watch all of
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00766-00159455-00159631 the videos after they happen instead of
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00767-00159632-00159951 attending live um and so you may end up
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00768-00159952-00160119 with uh some
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00769-00160120-00160351 questions or um
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00770-00160352-00160607 some email discussions uh later on as
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00771-00160608-00160759 well
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00772-00160760-00160887 yeah and
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00773-00160888-00161143 so tiffany i when i say that i love
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00774-00161144-00161359 talking about this and i'm happy to talk
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00775-00161360-00161575 with folks i really really am
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00776-00161576-00161654 um
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00777-00161655-00161863 actually i think
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00778-00161864-00162078 so james mcnis who's on i'm trying to
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00779-00162079-00162399 talk him into doing an oer for his class
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00780-00162400-00162551 um
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00781-00162552-00162799 and i'm happy to talk with anyone about
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00782-00162800-00162999 my idea how how i went through it but
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00783-00163000-00163207 also if you have things you think that
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00784-00163208-00163495 maybe i could improve on working forward
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00785-00163496-00163631 um or if you've done something really
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00786-00163632-00163775 cool that you think maybe would be
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00787-00163776-00163919 beneficial for me to incorporate i'd
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00788-00163920-00164111 also love to hear from folks about that
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00789-00164112-00164254 like i've always been looking for what
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00790-00164255-00164414 worked what didn't and how can i improve
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00791-00164415-00164583 next time because ideally there's always
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00792-00164584-00164902 going to be a next time
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00793-00164903-00165119 yeah absolutely and if i you know if i
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00794-00165120-00165238 think of things
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00795-00165239-00165407 i definitely try to reach out to people
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00796-00165408-00165551 when i'm
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00797-00165552-00165671 thinking of things that might benefit
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00798-00165672-00165752 their projects
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00799-00165753-00166087 [Music]
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00800-00166088-00166319 we've got some more uh
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00801-00166320-00166575 some more thank yous and awesome works
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00802-00166576-00166719 kinds of
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00803-00166720-00167876 comments
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00804-00167877-00168295 [Music]
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00805-00168296-00169078 well um oh do we have
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00806-00169079-00169559 did you have a lot of questions marianne
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00807-00169560-00169854 i hear your microphone uh marianne you
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00808-00169855-00170031 uh unmuted your mic do you did you have
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00809-00170032-00170271 a question oh i'm sorry can you all hear
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00810-00170272-00170351 me
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00811-00170352-00170526 yeah yeah
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00812-00170527-00170790 accidental um i love this presentation
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00813-00170791-00170975 so much because
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00814-00170976-00171238 i appreciated how you talked about
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00815-00171239-00171447 access being broader than just the
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00816-00171448-00171711 financial aspect uh in terms of
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00817-00171712-00171983 accessibility for like under ada for
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00818-00171984-00172095 example
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00819-00172096-00172390 and um you know just the broader
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00820-00172391-00172599 perspective is is really nice to hear
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00821-00172600-00172719 because
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00822-00172720-00172959 most of you know the concern is
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00823-00172960-00173278 generally around the dollar figure so
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00824-00173279-00173447 it's refreshing to hear more than just
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00825-00173448-00173847 that
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00826-00173848-00174119 thank you yeah i the more i learn
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00827-00174120-00174343 about education i feel like i'm an
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00828-00174344-00174478 accidental
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00829-00174479-00174790 professor the more i just realized
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00830-00174791-00174943 there's so many layers out there to
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00831-00174944-00175263 think about and um right now i'm really
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00832-00175264-00175390 big on
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00833-00175391-00175590 getting everyone who wants to be at the
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00834-00175591-00175951 table to the table
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00835-00175952-00176038 yeah
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00836-00176039-00176214 i think so
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00837-00176215-00176351 you know we're called affordable
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00838-00176352-00176543 learning georgia and so
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00839-00176544-00176735 obviously our sort of first order of
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00840-00176736-00176935 business is that affordability aspect
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00841-00176936-00177190 but we have been um
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00842-00177191-00177471 really trying to increase the
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00843-00177472-00177926 accessibility and uh you know
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00844-00177927-00178111 applying
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00845-00178112-00178238 the
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00846-00178239-00178423 beautiful things about affordability and
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00847-00178424-00178623 openness to
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00848-00178624-00178871 how they can affect the classroom like
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00849-00178872-00179087 pedagogically and
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00850-00179088-00179375 so it's really exciting to
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00851-00179376-00179519 you know hear about projects that are
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00852-00179520-00179783 doing that and to continue funding
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00853-00179784-00180038 projects that do that so
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00854-00180039-00180359 and this is one of those ones
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00855-00180360-00180526 and tiffany to kind of
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00856-00180527-00180759 go off of that oer can often be a great
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00857-00180760-00181038 starting point for just open pedagogy or
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00858-00181039-00181175 pedagogy and that's something that i'm
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00859-00181176-00181343 trying to explore more
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00860-00181344-00181559 um i think i have my first test case i
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00861-00181560-00181735 actually had a student who really valued
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00862-00181736-00181902 a reading i did in the upper level class
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00863-00181903-00182047 and the rest of the class was like we
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00864-00182048-00182247 didn't want to read that 30 pages
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00865-00182248-00182407 so i've asked the student if she just
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00866-00182408-00182678 wants to work with me to write a chapter
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00867-00182679-00182999 for this book that will be to
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00868-00183000-00183231 synthesize that material um and it's
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00869-00183232-00183495 just hey do you want to do this
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00870-00183496-00183695 and she is really excited and so it's
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00871-00183696-00183814 neat to be able to work with her she
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00872-00183815-00183951 wants to refine her editing skills
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00873-00183952-00184135 because she's on a journal and so we're
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00874-00184136-00184351 going to work on a how do you revise and
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00875-00184352-00184487 edit other work
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00876-00184488-00184726 chapter um in order to benefit future
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00877-00184727-00184887 classes but also so she can develop her
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00878-00184888-00185119 skills
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00879-00185120-00185247 that's awesome
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00880-00185248-00185438 that's awesome and i i'm i'm excited to
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00881-00185439-00186159 see it see the results of that
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00882-00186160-00186287 do you have any other thoughts or
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00883-00186288-00187463 questions
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00884-00187464-00187647 we have a couple people typing in the
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00885-00187648-00189159 chat
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00886-00189160-00189295 well so while
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00887-00189296-00189447 kind of seeing if someone has something
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00888-00189448-00189566 to put in the chat i also just want to
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00889-00189567-00189743 give a shout out to affordable learning
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00890-00189744-00189935 georgia and for how they've been working
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00891-00189936-00190190 on the process for applying for grants
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00892-00190191-00190454 um with each round there has been an
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00893-00190455-00190663 improvement in the efficiency and the
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00894-00190664-00190775 flow
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00895-00190776-00191054 of how to apply for and get the grant
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00896-00191055-00191278 and the ease of accessing information
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00897-00191279-00191454 and it's really neat for me to see an
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00898-00191455-00191743 iterative process being used for a grant
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00899-00191744-00191926 agency who is
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00900-00191927-00192119 itself trying to
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00901-00192120-00192326 encourage people to be iterative in
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00902-00192327-00192438 their work
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00903-00192439-00192663 and um i would just also say again if
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00904-00192664-00192775 you're thinking about applying but
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00905-00192776-00192926 you're a little nervous tiffany and jeff
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00906-00192927-00193023 are both
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00907-00193024-00193207 super kind and helpful and if they can
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00908-00193208-00193463 walk me through how to use the internet
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00909-00193464-00193983 i promise you they can help you too
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00910-00193984-00194271 we are always available um so yes
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00911-00194272-00194614 definitely reach out um and thank you
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00912-00194615-00194831 we uh we try every round to make things
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00913-00194832-00195047 a little easier so
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00914-00195048-00195166 um
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00915-00195167-00195454 we actually just added something uh that
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00916-00195455-00195607 will hopefully
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00917-00195608-00195895 uh improve future rounds assuming that
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00918-00195896-00196238 we continue with funding um and the
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00919-00196239-00196414 that is a
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00920-00196415-00196726 a decision tool that will help teams
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00921-00196727-00196902 make decisions on which type of grant
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00922-00196903-00197119 they should be applying for so
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00923-00197120-00197326 hopefully that will be our next
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00924-00197327-00197526 improvement on
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00925-00197527-00197983 the uh proposal process
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00926-00197984-00198071 add
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00927-00198072-00198254 something well never mind i won't go
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00928-00198255-00198583 into my advocacy role yet
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00929-00198584-00198750 maybe i will so
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00930-00198751-00198863 if you're ever if you're thinking about
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00931-00198864-00199063 oer also and maybe you have any kind of
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00932-00199064-00199423 like administrative concern
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00933-00199424-00199631 right now i don't know how institutions
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00934-00199632-00199790 are considering whether this counts for
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00935-00199791-00200023 teaching scholarship or service but
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00936-00200024-00200183 definitely check with your department
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00937-00200184-00200359 head or your dean
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00938-00200360-00200702 about how it can be considered and just
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00939-00200703-00200950 be open to trying it
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00940-00200951-00201111 even doesn't quite fit in because there
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00941-00201112-00201302 are so many intangible benefits even if
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00942-00201303-00201519 it doesn't really check off a box for
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00943-00201520-00202254 your teaching and stuff
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00944-00202255-00202487 and i'm totally okay if we just
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00945-00202488-00202711 hang up before one my feelings will not
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00946-00202712-00203711 be hurt
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00947-00203712-00203847 i just realized i was just talking
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00948-00203848-00204047 without my mic on
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00949-00204048-00204335 um yeah i was just just about to say
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00950-00204336-00204511 that if we don't have any other
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00951-00204512-00204671 questions or comments that we can go
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00952-00204672-00204814 ahead and wrap up but if you have
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00953-00204815-00205031 anything else that you wanted to close
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00954-00205032-00206255 out with please feel free to do so
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00955-00206256-00206406 okay
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00956-00206407-00206598 all right um
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00957-00206600-00206855 let's go ahead and end the recording
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00958-00206856-00207182 then thank you everyone for joining us
+2IFdV8MM8Jk-00959-00207183-00207583 we'll stop the recording now
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00000-00000287-00000423 welcome everybody and
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00001-00000424-00000638 and thanks for this opportunity it's an
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00002-00000639-00000767 honor to be the first
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00003-00000768-00001062 presenter of this lining talks i will be
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00004-00001063-00001231 presenting briefly
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00005-00001232-00001470 their celia project which is to create a
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00006-00001471-00001550 hub of
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00007-00001551-00001887 artificial intelligence models related
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00008-00001888-00002039 to global health
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00009-00002039-00002302 so we at terracillia are trying to
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00010-00002303-00002463 address the issue that there is
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00011-00002464-00002671 clearly a western bias in biomedical
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00012-00002672-00002839 research so basically
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00013-00002840-00003055 although most of the population in the
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00014-00003056-00003206 world live in low and middle income
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00015-00003207-00003399 countries and the
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00016-00003400-00003583 majority of the disease burden in such
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00017-00003584-00003727 countries is due to communicable
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00018-00003728-00003822 diseases meaning
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00019-00003823-00004063 infectious diseases malaria tuberculosis
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00020-00004064-00004238 hiv among others
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00021-00004239-00004551 actually 80 of the drugs in the pipeline
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00022-00004552-00004695 of development are actually for
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00023-00004696-00004870 non-communicable diseases such as
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00024-00004871-00005063 alzheimer's cancers
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00025-00005064-00005415 cardiovascular diseases the
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00026-00005416-00005735 the reason for this bias is brought
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00027-00005736-00005863 there are many
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00028-00005864-00006127 among them mainly it's because there is
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00029-00006128-00006295 a lack of investment due to the low
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00030-00006296-00006478 return for the pharma companies in
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00031-00006479-00006614 developing drugs for
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00032-00006615-00006991 such diseases and that the
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00033-00006992-00007303 scientific output the research capacity
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00034-00007304-00007391 of the
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00035-00007392-00007559 the lower middle income countries is
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00036-00007559-00007719 actually quite low in
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00037-00007720-00008006 2018 it was only 9 of the total
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00038-00008008-00008127 publications
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00039-00008128-00008527 coming from these countries so what we
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00040-00008528-00008742 tackled is we tackle this issue by using
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00041-00008743-00008887 artificial intelligence
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00042-00008888-00009151 because artificial intelligence based
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00043-00009152-00009255 research
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00044-00009256-00009471 can first decrease the time for drug
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00045-00009472-00009583 discovery making it
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00046-00009584-00009759 cheaper and increase the number of
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00047-00009760-00009935 molecules that are assessed
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00048-00009936-00010255 very briefly for those non familiar with
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00049-00010256-00010567 with the biomedical research with
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00050-00010568-00010735 machine learning models what we can do
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00051-00010736-00010919 is identify drugs among
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00052-00010920-00011142 large panels of compounds identify the
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00053-00011143-00011327 targets for such drugs
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00054-00011328-00011663 the side effects and even optimize these
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00055-00011664-00011806 these compounds so that they have a
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00056-00011807-00011983 specific um
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00057-00011984-00012191 characteristics such as that they can be
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00058-00012192-00012374 orally taken for example
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00059-00012375-00012583 the problem in applying this and to
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00060-00012584-00012719 day-to-day research
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00061-00012720-00013127 for let's say wet lab scientists
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00062-00013128-00013319 is that they are perceived as black
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00063-00013319-00013566 boxes mainly because most of the papers
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00064-00013568-00013751 even when they are open source they do
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00065-00013752-00013943 not share the entirety of their code so
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00066-00013944-00014143 it's not really reproducible
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00067-00014144-00014383 and also there are not clear benchmarks
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00068-00014384-00014551 for the validation of such
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00069-00014552-00014879 models and mostly scientists report that
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00070-00014880-00015079 the main bottleneck is the lack of
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00071-00015080-00015271 people with the ability to actually
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00072-00015272-00015630 understand the code and use them in
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00073-00015631-00015943 in research in everyday research so our
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00074-00015944-00016135 solution to this is to create this
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00075-00016136-00016439 model of of um
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00076-00016440-00016686 these this type of models harboring
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00077-00016687-00016791 different types of
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00078-00016792-00016967 models mostly related to infectious
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00079-00016968-00017175 diseases but not limited to
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00080-00017176-00017463 and so the researchers can go into our
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00081-00017464-00017567 modern hut
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00082-00017568-00017839 and search for the models that they are
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00083-00017840-00018014 interested in and then basically they
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00084-00018015-00018047 can
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00085-00018048-00018399 run it using a web app and for example
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00086-00018400-00018711 for this paper published recently in a
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00087-00018712-00018791 scientific
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00088-00018792-00019167 in in cell and it predicts it's a
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00089-00019168-00019383 predictor of antibiotic activity so if i
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00090-00019384-00019614 am a researcher and i have some
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00091-00019615-00019791 drugs that i may think they have
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00092-00019792-00019983 antibiotic activity i can go in
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00093-00019984-00020286 the website i can just input my molecule
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00094-00020287-00020439 for example halisin
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00095-00020440-00020647 and it will tell me whether it's an
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00096-00020648-00020903 active or inactive antibiotic according
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00097-00020904-00021175 to this model whereas if i put ibuprofen
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00098-00021176-00021303 for example it will
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00099-00021304-00021663 say it's inactive this is for non
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00100-00021664-00021886 experts in coding so the majority of
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00101-00021887-00022094 biomedical researchers actually
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00102-00022095-00022303 and then of course we also provide
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00103-00022304-00022527 programmatic access or our models are
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00104-00022528-00022743 stock stored in docker containers so
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00105-00022744-00022863 they can download it
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00106-00022864-00023039 download and run in their own
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00107-00023040-00023271 environments
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00108-00023272-00023463 so basically what we are doing at their
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00109-00023464-00023655 syria is collecting these models
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00110-00023656-00023863 the models start with raw data mostly
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00111-00023864-00024047 coming from experimental labs that has
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00112-00024048-00024150 to be processed
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00113-00024151-00024342 then the model has to be trained and
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00114-00024343-00024550 validated first internally and if
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00115-00024551-00024678 possible
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00116-00024679-00024919 externally so presenting data that it
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00117-00024920-00025047 has not already been seen
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00118-00025048-00025342 and when possible also validated in
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00119-00025343-00025542 experimental labs and what is
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00120-00025543-00025846 unique over syria is this deployment so
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00121-00025847-00026046 as i was explaining we are putting all
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00122-00026047-00026167 the models
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00123-00026168-00026399 inside the our model hub in a way that
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00124-00026400-00026599 is user friendly so
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00125-00026600-00026799 if i have an input such as a drag i can
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00126-00026800-00026902 choose the model i
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00127-00026904-00027127 that fits better to my conditions and
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00128-00027127-00027302 then i get my output without
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00129-00027304-00027646 knowing anything about coding
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00130-00027647-00027895 um the type of models that we feature in
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00131-00027895-00028095 our website first there are models that
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00132-00028095-00028246 come from the literature
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00133-00028247-00028423 so we just bundle a model that has been
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00134-00028424-00028670 developed by others of course
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00135-00028672-00028887 acknowledging appropriately the original
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00136-00028888-00029095 authors of this model
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00137-00029095-00029295 we also have models that we have
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00138-00029295-00029455 developed ourselves
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00139-00029456-00029687 based on data published by someone else
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00140-00029688-00029774 so for example
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00141-00029775-00030023 in this paper they publish a great data
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00142-00030024-00030246 set for anti-malarial so we may develop
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00143-00030247-00030302 a model
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00144-00030303-00030646 that predicts whether these molecules
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00145-00030647-00030846 are actually anti-malarials or not and
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00146-00030847-00031070 finally we also aim at developing
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00147-00031072-00031207 collaborations
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00148-00031208-00031423 with research groups and as we said we
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00149-00031424-00031574 are mostly interested in infectious
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00150-00031575-00031662 diseases and
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00151-00031663-00031839 we are seeking collaborations in low and
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00152-00031839-00031999 middle income countries so for the
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00153-00032000-00032079 moment
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00154-00032080-00032390 we are working with hcd which is a to
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00155-00032391-00032439 this
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00156-00032439-00032823 drug discovery institute in south africa
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00157-00032824-00033135 so basically we are
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00158-00033136-00033343 just building the largest open source
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00159-00033344-00033535 repository to date of ready to use
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00160-00033536-00033718 machine learning models so pre-trained
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00161-00033719-00033807 that they can be
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00162-00033808-00034127 already um applied to research
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00163-00034128-00034351 our focus is in infectious diseases and
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00164-00034352-00034439 the mission of
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00165-00034440-00034679 er syria is to create a molecularitarian
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00166-00034680-00034879 scientific community by democratizing
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00167-00034880-00034935 the use
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00168-00034936-00035183 of artificial intelligence we are a very
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00169-00035184-00035383 recently born initiative we were just
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00170-00035384-00035615 incorporated as a charity
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00171-00035616-00035902 last october so the milestones for the
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00172-00035903-00036030 coming year is to
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00173-00036031-00036262 have a first release of the platform
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00174-00036263-00036383 that contains
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00175-00036384-00036615 hopefully over 100 models already
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00176-00036616-00036735 establish at least
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00177-00036736-00036871 three collaborations with different
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00178-00036872-00037102 research groups publish
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00179-00037103-00037343 one paper in an of course open science
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00180-00037344-00037487 peer review journal
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00181-00037488-00037790 and grow a user community in this first
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00182-00037791-00037935 year
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00183-00037936-00038207 the team for now is composed of eduardo
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00184-00038208-00038374 michael and myself
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00185-00038375-00038662 we are three molecular biologists by
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00186-00038663-00038830 training and chemists
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00187-00038831-00039071 and we are very excited about this new
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00188-00039072-00039262 project we are starting so you can find
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00189-00039263-00039455 us here in our website
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00190-00039456-00039662 and of course you can also check the
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00191-00039663-00039823 progress of our platform
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00192-00039824-00040118 in this app or check how our code is
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00193-00040119-00040287 going in github because
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00194-00040288-00040559 everything is stored there so thank you
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00195-00040560-00040646 very much
+2J8qxAeMwV8-00196-00040647-00040984 for your attention
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+2TbmMvu6v0A-00045-00011574-00011842 the US military called suicides at the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00046-00011843-00012070 time were in fact homicides under
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00047-00012071-00012353 torture no murder charges have been
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00048-00012354-00012551 brought for these or for acknowledged
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00049-00012552-00012802 torture related homicides at Abu Ghraib
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00050-00012803-00013083 and at Bagram debates arose over whether
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00051-00013084-00013352 enhanced interrogation
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00052-00013353-00013643 violated us anti-torture statutes or
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00053-00013644-00013856 international laws such as the UN
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00054-00013857-00014269 Convention Against Torture in 2005 the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00055-00014271-00014543 CIA destroyed videotapes depicting
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00056-00014544-00014738 prisoners being interrogated under
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00057-00014738-00014981 torture an internal justification was
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00058-00014982-00015152 that what they showed was so horrific
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00059-00015153-00015536 they would be devastating to the CIA and
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00060-00015537-00015905 that the heat from destroying is nothing
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00061-00015906-00016109 compared to what it would be if the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00062-00016110-00016499 tapes ever got into public domain the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00063-00016500-00016709 United Nations Special Rapporteur on
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00064-00016710-00016961 torture Juan Mendez stated that
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00065-00016962-00017252 waterboarding is torture immoral and
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00066-00017253-00017606 illegal and in 2008 fifty-six House
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00067-00017607-00017825 Democrats asked for an independent
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00068-00017826-00018044 investigation American and European
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00069-00018045-00018350 officials including former CIA director
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00070-00018351-00018644 Leon Panetta former CIA officers a
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00071-00018645-00018869 Guantanamo prosecutor and a military
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00072-00018870-00019194 tribunal judge have called enhanced
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00073-00019195-00019572 interrogation a euphemism for torture in
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00074-00019573-00019903 2009 both President Barack Obama and
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00075-00019904-00020132 Attorney General Eric Holder said that
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00076-00020133-00020342 certain techniques amount to torture and
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00077-00020343-00020660 repudiated their use they declined to
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00078-00020661-00021056 prosecute CIA DoD or Bush administration
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00079-00021057-00021260 officials who authorized the program
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00080-00021261-00021464 while leaving open the possibility of
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00081-00021465-00021722 convening an investigatory truth
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00082-00021723-00022000 Commission for what President Obama
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00083-00022001-00022412 called a further accounting in July 2014
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00084-00022413-00022631 the European Court of Human Rights
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00085-00022632-00022903 formally ruled that enhanced
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00086-00022904-00023216 interrogation is torture an ordered
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00087-00023217-00023431 Poland to pay restitution to men
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00088-00023432-00023714 tortured at a CIA black site there in
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00089-00023715-00024125 December 2014 the US Senate made public
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00090-00024126-00024308 around 10 percent of the Senate
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00091-00024309-00024530 Intelligence Committee report on CIA
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00092-00024531-00024850 torture a report about the CIA's use of
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00093-00024851-00025037 torture during the George W Bush
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00094-00025038-00025677 administration
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00095-00025677-00026003 topic history of approval by the Bush
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00096-00026004-00026468 administration
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00097-00026469-00026738 almost immediately after the 9/11
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00098-00026739-00026927 attacks Bush administration officials
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00099-00026927-00027194 conferring by video linked from bunkers
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00100-00027195-00027425 decided to treat the attacks as acts of
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00101-00027426-00027727 war rather than merely crimes the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00102-00027729-00027964 question arose were captured prisoners
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00103-00027966-00028210 to be treated as prisoners of war
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00104-00028211-00028487 officials including Justice Department
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00105-00028488-00028733 lawyer John you recommended classifying
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00106-00028733-00029114 them as detainees outside the protection
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00107-00029114-00029312 of the Geneva Conventions or any other
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00108-00029313-00029510 domestic or military law and
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00109-00029511-00029732 incarcerating them in special prisons
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00110-00029733-00029999 instead of the barracks like prisoner of
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00111-00030000-00030293 war camp you saw in Hogan's Heroes or
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00112-00030294-00030845 Stalag 17 on September 17 2001 President
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00113-00030845-00031106 Bush signed a still classified directive
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00114-00031107-00031349 giving the CIA the power to secretly
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00115-00031350-00031586 imprison and interrogate detainees in
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00116-00031587-00031864 late 2001 the first detainees including
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00117-00031866-00032117 men like Moroccan Oz and lakhdar
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00118-00032118-00032314 Boumediene later established to be
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00119-00032316-00032480 innocent and arrested on flawed
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00120-00032481-00032689 intelligence or sold to the CIA for
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00121-00032691-00032894 bounties were brought to hastily
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00122-00032895-00033206 improvised CIA military bases such as
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00123-00033207-00033587 Kandahar Afghanistan they were subjected
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00124-00033588-00033854 to beatings electric shocks exposure to
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00125-00033855-00034100 extreme cold suspension from the ceiling
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00126-00034101-00034334 by their arms and drowning in buckets of
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00127-00034335-00034652 water an unknown number died as a result
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00128-00034653-00035026 in late 2001 and early 2002
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00129-00035027-00035264 interrogation under torture at secret
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00130-00035265-00035528 sites was still ad-hoc not yet organized
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00131-00035529-00035786 as a bureaucratic program nor sanctioned
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00132-00035787-00036017 under Justice Department legal cover as
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00133-00036018-00036386 early as November 2001 the CIA general
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00134-00036387-00036614 counsel began considering the legality
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00135-00036615-00036875 of torture writing that the Israeli
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00136-00036876-00037199 example using physical force against
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00137-00037200-00037445 hundreds of detainees could serve as a
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00138-00037446-00037781 possible basis for arguing torture was
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00139-00037782-00037967 necessary to prevent imminent
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00140-00037968-00038237 significant physical harm to persons
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00141-00038238-00038477 where there is no other available means
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00142-00038478-00038732 to prevent the harm
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00143-00038733-00039107 in April 2002 the CIA had captured its
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00144-00039108-00039260 first important prisoner
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00145-00039261-00039482 Abu Zubaydah who was transferred to a
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00146-00039483-00039752 CIA black site and at the suggestion of
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00147-00039753-00039977 psychologists James Mitchell the CIA
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00148-00039978-00040240 embarked on interrogation methods which
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00149-00040241-00040483 included sleep deprivation using bright
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00150-00040484-00040771 lights and loud music still prior to any
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00151-00040772-00041021 legal authorization from the US Justice
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00152-00041022-00041264 Department later that April dr. Mitchell
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00153-00041265-00041483 proposed a list of additional tactics
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00154-00041484-00041683 including locking people in cramped
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00155-00041684-00041893 boxes shackling them in painful
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00156-00041894-00042104 positions keeping them awake for a week
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00157-00042105-00042335 at a time covering them with insects and
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00158-00042336-00042542 waterboarding a practice which the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00159-00042543-00042721 United States had previously
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00160-00042722-00042917 characterized in war crimes prosecutions
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00161-00042918-00043223 as torture Jose Rodriguez head of the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00162-00043224-00043502 CIA's clandestine service asked his
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00163-00043503-00043718 superiors for authorization for what
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00164-00043719-00044011 Rodriguez called in alternative said of
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00165-00044012-00044393 interrogation procedures the CIA sought
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00166-00044394-00044627 immunity from prosecution sometimes
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00167-00044628-00044939 known as a get-out-of-jail-free card
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00168-00044940-00045323 in May 2002 senior Bush administration
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00169-00045324-00045595 officials including CIA director George
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00170-00045596-00045814 Tenet national security adviser
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00171-00045815-00046070 Condoleezza Rice Vice President Dick
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00172-00046071-00046295 Cheney Secretary of State Colin Powell
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00173-00046296-00046592 defense secretary Donald Rumsfeld an
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00174-00046593-00046849 Attorney General John Ashcroft met to
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00175-00046850-00047101 discuss which techniques the CIA could
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00176-00047102-00047362 legally use against Abu Zubaydah
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00177-00047363-00047680 Condoleezza Rice recalled being told
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00178-00047681-00047942 that US military personnel were
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00179-00047943-00048155 subjected in training to certain
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00180-00048156-00048433 physical and psychological interrogation
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00181-00048434-00048662 techniques
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00182-00048663-00048973 during the discussions john ashcroft is
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00183-00048974-00049249 reported to have said why are we talking
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00184-00049250-00049525 about this in the White House history
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00185-00049526-00049864 will not judge this kindly after the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00186-00049865-00050056 Justice Department completed what are
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00187-00050057-00050217 now known as the torture memos
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00188-00050218-00050527 Condoleezza Rice told the CIA that the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00189-00050528-00050844 techniques were approved in July 2002
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00190-00050845-00051226 dick cheney said i signed off on it
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00191-00051227-00051627 so did others in 2010 cheney said I was
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00192-00051628-00051829 in remain a strong proponent of our
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00193-00051829-00052283 enhanced interrogation program quote in
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00194-00052284-00052789 2009 Rice said w/e never tortured anyone
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00195-00052790-00053226 she maintained the abuse was not torture
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00196-00053227-00053784 but was legal and right in addition in
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00197-00053785-00054057 2002 in 2003
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00198-00054058-00054322 the CIA says they briefed several
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00199-00054323-00054567 Democratic congressional leaders on the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00200-00054569-00054916 proposed enhanced interrogation
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00201-00054916-00055228 technique program these congressional
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00202-00055229-00055542 leaders included Nancy Pelosi the future
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00203-00055544-00055729 Speaker of the House and House
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00204-00055729-00055990 Intelligence Committee ranking Democrat
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00205-00055991-00056314 Jane Harman the response to the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00206-00056315-00056677 briefings was quiet acquiescence if not
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00207-00056678-00056986 downright support according to officials
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00208-00056987-00057241 present miss Harmon was the only
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00209-00057241-00057490 congressional leader to object to the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00210-00057491-00057859 tactics being proposed former Senator
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00211-00057860-00058078 Bob Graham D Florida
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00212-00058079-00058228 chairman of the Senate Intelligence
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00213-00058229-00058573 Committee after the 9/11 attacks said he
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00214-00058574-00058789 was not briefed on waterboarding and
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00215-00058790-00059071 that in three instances agency officials
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00216-00059072-00059302 said he'd attended briefings on days
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00217-00059303-00059566 that his personal journal shows he was
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00218-00059566-00059772 elsewhere at least one Bush
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00219-00059773-00059967 administration official opposed
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00220-00059969-00060238 torturing prisoners Condoleezza Rice
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00221-00060239-00060679 most senior advisor Philip Zelikow upon
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00222-00060679-00060966 learning details of the program Zelikow
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00223-00060967-00061210 wrote a memo to rice contesting the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00224-00061211-00061419 Justice Department's torture memos
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00225-00061420-00061707 believing them wrong both legally and as
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00226-00061708-00061911 a matter of policy
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00227-00061912-00062163 zelich Al's memo warned that the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00228-00062164-00062445 interrogation techniques breached US law
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00229-00062446-00062715 and could lead to prosecutions for war
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00230-00062716-00063066 crimes the Bush administration attempted
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00231-00063066-00063345 to collect all the copies of Zelikow s--
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00232-00063346-00063735 memo and destroy them jane mayer author
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00233-00063736-00064032 of the dark side quotes Zelikow as
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00234-00064033-00064386 predicting that america's descent into
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00235-00064387-00064620 torture will in time be viewed like the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00236-00064621-00064976 Japanese internment in that f ear and
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00237-00064977-00065216 anxiety were exploited by zealots and
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00238-00065217-00065759 fools
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00239-00065760-00066056 topic development of techniques and
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00240-00066057-00066472 training
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00241-00066473-00066804 the authorized enhanced interrogation
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00242-00066805-00067096 the originator of this term is unknown
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00243-00067097-00067324 but it appears to be a calque of the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00244-00067325-00067707 german verse Arverne among meaning
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00245-00067708-00068161 intensified interrogation used in 1937
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00246-00068162-00068410 by Gestapo chief Heinrich Muller was
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00247-00068411-00068650 based on work done by James Elmer
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00248-00068651-00068836 Mitchell and Bruce Jessen in the Air
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00249-00068837-00068995 Force's survival evasion resistance
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00250-00068996-00069472 escape Serra program the CIA contracted
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00251-00069473-00069682 with the two psychologists to develop
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00252-00069683-00069877 alternative harsh interrogation
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00253-00069878-00070167 techniques however neither of the two
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00254-00070168-00070405 psychologists had any experience in
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00255-00070406-00070711 conducting interrogations Air Force
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00256-00070712-00070957 Reserve Colonel Steve Kleinman stated
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00257-00070958-00071250 that the CIA chose two clinical
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00258-00071251-00071494 psychologists who had no intelligence
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00259-00071495-00071734 background whatsoever who had never
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00260-00071735-00072065 conducted an interrogation
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00261-00072066-00072317 to do something that had never been
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00262-00072318-00072698 proven in the real world Associates of
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00263-00072699-00072896 Mitchell and Jessen were skeptical of
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00264-00072897-00073082 their methods and believed they did not
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00265-00073083-00073307 possess any data about the impact of
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00266-00073308-00073616 serra training on the human psyche the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00267-00073617-00073886 CIA came to learn that mitchell and yes
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00268-00073887-00074093 ins expertise in waterboarding was
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00269-00074094-00074447 probably misrepresented and thus there
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00270-00074448-00074624 was no reason to believe it was
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00271-00074625-00074921 medically safe or effective despite
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00272-00074922-00075122 these shortcomings of experience and
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00273-00075123-00075350 know-how the two psychologists boasted
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00274-00075351-00075674 of being paid $1,000 a day equivalent to
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00275-00075675-00075818 one thousand three hundred ninety
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00276-00075819-00076112 dollars in 2018 plus expenses
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00277-00076113-00076403 tax-free by the CIA for their work the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00278-00076404-00076613 sara program which Mitchell and Jessen
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00279-00076614-00076871 would reverse engineer was used to train
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00280-00076872-00077081 pilots and other soldiers on how to
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00281-00077082-00077447 resist brainwashing techniques assumed
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00282-00077448-00077675 to have been employed by the Chinese to
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00283-00077676-00077906 extract false confessions from captured
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00284-00077907-00078206 Americans during the Korean War the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00285-00078207-00078454 program subjected trainees to
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00286-00078455-00078638 waterboarding sleep deprivation
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00287-00078639-00078962 isolation exposure to extreme
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00288-00078963-00079252 temperatures enclosure in tiny spaces
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00289-00079253-00079520 bombardment with agonizing sounds at
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00290-00079521-00079793 extremely damaging decibel levels and
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00291-00079794-00080216 religious and sexual humiliation under
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00292-00080217-00080537 CIA supervision Miller and yesan adapted
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00293-00080538-00080792 Sara into an offensive program designed
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00294-00080793-00081080 to Train CIA agents on how to use the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00295-00081081-00081299 harsh interrogation techniques to gather
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00296-00081300-00081577 information from terrorist detainees in
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00297-00081578-00081872 fact all of the tactics listed above
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00298-00081873-00082034 would later be reported in the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00299-00082035-00082205 International Committee of the Red Cross
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00300-00082206-00082568 report on 14 high-value detainees in CIA
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00301-00082569-00082814 custody as having been used on Abu
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00302-00082815-00083090 Zubaydah Stephen solds Stephen Reisner
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00303-00083091-00083252 and Brad Olsen wrote an article
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00304-00083253-00083525 describing how the techniques used mimic
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00305-00083526-00083765 what was taught in the Sarah program the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00306-00083766-00084122 military survival evasion resistance and
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00307-00084123-00084425 escape program that trains US Special
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00308-00084426-00084734 Operations Forces aviators and others at
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00309-00084735-00084982 high risk of capture on the battlefield
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00310-00084983-00085256 to evade capture and to resist breaking
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00311-00085257-00085412 under torture
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00312-00085413-00085565 ocularly through giving false
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00313-00085566-00085805 confessions or collaborating with their
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00314-00085806-00086141 captors the psychologists relied heavily
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00315-00086142-00086399 on experiments done by American
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00316-00086400-00086629 psychologist Martin Seligman in the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00317-00086630-00086993 1970s on learned helplessness in these
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00318-00086994-00087260 experiments cage dogs were exposed to
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00319-00087261-00087488 severe electric shocks in a random way
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00320-00087489-00087707 in order to completely break their will
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00321-00087708-00088022 to resist Mitchell and Jessen applied
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00322-00088023-00088271 this idea to the interrogation of Abu
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00323-00088272-00088505 Zubaydah many of the interrogation
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00324-00088506-00088760 techniques used in the Sarah program
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00325-00088761-00088982 including waterboarding cold sell
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00326-00088983-00089210 longtime standing and sleep deprivation
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00327-00089211-00089489 were previously considered illegal under
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00328-00089490-00089750 US and international law and treaties at
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00329-00089751-00090005 the time of Abu Zubaydah's capture in
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00330-00090006-00090323 fact the United States had prosecuted
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00331-00090324-00090578 Japanese military officials after World
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00332-00090579-00090833 War Two and American soldiers after the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00333-00090834-00091058 Vietnam War for waterboarding and as
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00334-00091059-00091568 recently as 1983 since 1930 the United
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00335-00091569-00091826 States had defined sleep deprivation as
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00336-00091827-00092129 an illegal form of torture many other
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00337-00092130-00092338 techniques developed by the CIA
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00338-00092339-00092519 constitute inhuman and degrading
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00339-00092520-00092768 treatment and torture under the United
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00340-00092769-00092990 Nations Convention Against Torture and
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00341-00092991-00093221 article 3 of the European Convention on
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00342-00093222-00093437 Human Rights according to human rights
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00343-00093438-00093812 first internal FBI memos and press
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00344-00093813-00094046 reports have pointed to Sara training as
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00345-00094047-00094223 the basis for some of the harshest
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00346-00094224-00094418 techniques authorized for use on
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00347-00094419-00094741 detainees by the Pentagon in 2002 in
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00348-00094742-00095170 2003 and salon stated
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00349-00095171-00095563 a March 22nd 2005 sworn statement by the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00350-00095564-00095722 former chief of the interrogation
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00351-00095723-00095988 control element at Guantanamo said
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00352-00095989-00096217 instructors from Sara also taught their
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00353-00096218-00096391 methods to interrogators of the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00354-00096392-00096709 prisoners in Cuba while Jane Mayer
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00355-00096710-00097044 reported for The New Yorker according to
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00356-00097045-00097261 the Sara affiliate and two other sources
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00357-00097262-00097441 familiar with the program after
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00358-00097442-00097711 September 11th several psychologists
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00359-00097712-00097969 versed in Sara techniques began advising
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00360-00097970-00098194 interrogators at Guantanamo Bay and
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00361-00098195-00098503 elsewhere some of these psychologists
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00362-00098504-00098766 essentially tried to reverse-engineer
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00363-00098767-00099121 the Sara program as the affiliate put it
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00364-00099122-00099391 they took good knowledge and used it in
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00365-00099392-00099513 a bad way
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00366-00099514-00099768 another of the sources said
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00367-00099769-00100044 interrogators and BSC team members at
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00368-00100045-00100255 Guantanamo adopted coercive techniques
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00369-00100256-00100486 similar to those employed in the Sara
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00370-00100487-00100942 program and continues to report many of
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00371-00100943-00101163 the interrogation methods used in Sara
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00372-00101164-00101365 trainings seem to have been applied at
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00373-00101366-00101722 Guantanamo a bipartisan report released
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00374-00101723-00102193 in 2008 stated that a February 2002
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00375-00102194-00102451 memorandum signed by president george w
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00376-00102452-00102669 bush stating that the third geneva
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00377-00102670-00102874 convention guaranteeing humane treatment
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00378-00102875-00103138 to prisoners of war did not apply to al
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00379-00103139-00103372 Qaeda or Taliban detainees and a
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00380-00103373-00103659 December 2002 memo signed by former
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00381-00103660-00103881 defense secretary Donald Rumsfeld
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00382-00103882-00104118 approving the use of aggressive
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00383-00104119-00104425 techniques against detainees held at
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00384-00104426-00104698 Guantanamo Bay as key factors that lead
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00385-00104699-00105082 to the extensive abuses however the Bush
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00386-00105083-00105340 administration's February 2002
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00387-00105341-00105607 memorandum had in fact stated that only
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00388-00105608-00105865 al-qaeda detainees were not covered by
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00389-00105866-00106174 the Geneva Conventions that same order
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00390-00106175-00106414 held that Taliban detainees would be
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00391-00106415-00106608 entitled to treatment under common
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00392-00106609-00106875 article 3 of the Geneva Conventions
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00393-00106876-00107140 these standards were ordered for all
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00394-00107141-00107454 detainees in 2006 al-qaeda members
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00395-00107455-00107665 included following the Supreme Court's
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00396-00107666-00108022 ruling in Hamdan V Rumsfeld Donald
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00397-00108023-00108307 Rumsfeld rescinded his December 2002
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00398-00108308-00108526 memo after six weeks common or
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00399-00108527-00108793 three remains the policy under the Obama
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00400-00108794-00109015 administration and not the balance of
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00401-00109016-00109681 the third Geneva Convention
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00402-00109682-00110333 topic Central Intelligence Agency
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00403-00110333-00110599 a congressional bipartisan report in
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00404-00110600-00110969 December 2008 established that harsh
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00405-00110970-00111238 interrogation techniques used by the CIA
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00406-00111239-00111478 and the US military were directly
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00407-00111479-00111671 adapted from the training techniques
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00408-00111672-00111896 used to prepare Special Forces personnel
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00409-00111897-00112183 to resist interrogation by enemies that
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00410-00112184-00112453 torture and abuse prisoners the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00411-00112454-00112633 techniques included forced nudity
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00412-00112634-00112864 painful stress positions sleep
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00413-00112865-00113215 deprivation and until 2003 waterboarding
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00414-00113216-00113582 a form of simulated drowning according
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00415-00113583-00113875 to ABC News former and current CIA
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00416-00113876-00114119 officials have come forward to reveal
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00417-00114120-00114337 details of interrogation techniques
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00418-00114338-00114550 authorized in the CIA
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00419-00114551-00114956 these include waterboarding the prisoner
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00420-00114957-00115204 is bound to a declined board feet raised
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00421-00115205-00115456 and head slightly below the feet
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00422-00115457-00115702 material has rapped over the prisoners
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00423-00115703-00115918 face and water has poured over them
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00424-00115919-00116192 asphyxiating the prisoner
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00425-00116193-00116426 hypothermia the prisoner is left to
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00426-00116427-00116666 stand naked in a Cell kept near 50
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00427-00116667-00116888 degrees Fahrenheit 10 degrees Celsius
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00428-00116889-00117136 while being regularly doused with cold
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00429-00117138-00117377 water in order to increase the rate at
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00430-00117378-00117719 which heat is lost from the body stress
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00431-00117720-00117956 positions prisoners are forced to stand
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00432-00117957-00118157 handcuffed and with their feet shackled
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00433-00118158-00118408 to an eyebolt in the floor and nor wall
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00434-00118409-00118649 for more than 40 hours causing the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00435-00118650-00118865 prisoners weight to be placed on just
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00436-00118866-00119158 one or two muscles this creates an
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00437-00119159-00119359 intense amount of pressure on the legs
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00438-00119360-00119603 leading first to pain and then muscle
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00439-00119604-00119942 failure abdomen strikes a hard
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00440-00119943-00120133 open-handed slap as belt to the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00441-00120134-00120488 prisoners abdomen doctors consulted over
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00442-00120489-00120713 the matter advised against using a punch
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00443-00120714-00120929 which could cause lasting internal
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00444-00120930-00121319 damage insult slap an open-handed slap
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00445-00121320-00121532 as delivered to the prisoners face aimed
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00446-00121533-00121822 at causing pain and triggering fear
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00447-00121823-00122083 shaking the interrogator forcefully
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00448-00122084-00122276 grabs the front of the prisoners shirt
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00449-00122277-00122606 and shakes them in December 2007 CIA
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00450-00122607-00122864 director Michael Hayden stated that of
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00451-00122865-00123188 about 100 prisoners held to date in the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00452-00123189-00123503 CIA program the enhanced techniques were
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00453-00123504-00123806 used on about 30 and waterboarding used
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00454-00123807-00124265 on just three the report experiments in
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00455-00124266-00124529 torture human subject research and
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00456-00124530-00124739 evidence of experimentation in the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00457-00124740-00125171 enhanced interrogation program published
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00458-00125172-00125399 by the advocacy group physicians for
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00459-00125400-00125639 human rights described personnel in the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00460-00125640-00125906 CIA's office of medical services Ohm's
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00461-00125907-00126149 performing research on the prisoners as
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00462-00126150-00126344 the above techniques were used both
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00463-00126345-00126695 serially and in combination this report
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00464-00126696-00126895 was based on previously classified
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00465-00126896-00127159 documents made available by the Obama
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00466-00127160-00127565 administration in 2010 according to ABC
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00467-00127566-00127949 News in 2007 the CIA removed
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00468-00127950-00128126 waterboarding from its list of
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00469-00128127-00128356 acceptable interrogation techniques in
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00470-00128357-00128783 2006 ABC stated further that the last
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00471-00128783-00129572 use of waterboarding was in 2003
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00472-00129573-00130234 topic Defense Intelligence Agency
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00473-00130235-00130613 in 2003 the Defense Secretary Donald
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00474-00130614-00130911 Rumsfeld's working group on
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00475-00130913-00131138 interrogations requested that the DIA
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00476-00131139-00131348 come up with prisoner interrogation
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00477-00131349-00131601 techniques for the group's consideration
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00478-00131602-00131938 according to the 2008 US Senate Armed
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00479-00131939-00132115 Services Committee report on the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00480-00132116-00132376 treatment of detainees in US custody the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00481-00132377-00132563 DIA began drawing up the list of
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00482-00132564-00132763 techniques with the help of its civilian
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00483-00132764-00132943 employee a former Guantanamo
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00484-00132944-00133238 interrogation control element ice chief
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00485-00133239-00133535 David Becker Becker claimed that the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00486-00133536-00133729 working group members were particularly
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00487-00133730-00133954 interested in aggressive methods and
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00488-00133955-00134186 that he was encouraged to talk about
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00489-00134187-00134527 techniques that inflict pain
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00490-00134528-00134752 it is unknown to what extent the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00491-00134753-00134980 agency's recommendations were used or
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00492-00134981-00135193 for how long but according to the same
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00493-00135194-00135448 Senate report the list drawn up by dia
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00494-00135449-00135757 included the use drugs such as sodium
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00495-00135758-00136090 pentothal and Demerol humiliating
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00496-00136091-00136327 treatment using female interrogators and
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00497-00136328-00136618 sleep deprivation becquer claimed that
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00498-00136619-00136840 he recommended the use of drugs due to
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00499-00136841-00137062 rumors that another Intelligence Agency
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00500-00137063-00137299 name of which was redacted in the Senate
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00501-00137300-00137530 report had successfully used them in the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00502-00137531-00137821 past according to the analysis of the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00503-00137822-00138067 office of defense inspector general the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00504-00138068-00138346 DIA cited justification for the use of
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00505-00138347-00138646 drugs was to relax detainee to
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00506-00138647-00138934 cooperative state and that mind-altering
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00507-00138935-00139204 substances were not used some more lurid
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00508-00139205-00139444 revelations of dia s alleged harsh
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00509-00139445-00139723 interrogations came from FBI officers
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00510-00139724-00139927 who conducted their own screenings of
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00511-00139928-00140179 detainees in Guantanamo along with other
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00512-00140180-00140500 agencies according to one account the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00513-00140501-00140725 interrogators of what was then di-azo
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00514-00140726-00140941 fence Human Service currently the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00515-00140942-00141151 defense clandestine service forced
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00516-00141152-00141397 subjects to watch gay porn drape them
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00517-00141398-00141613 with the Israeli flag and interrogated
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00518-00141614-00141832 them in rooms lit by strobe lights for
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00519-00141833-00142084 16 to 18 hours all the while telling
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00520-00142085-00142270 prisoners that they were from the FBI
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00521-00142271-00142579 the real FBI operative was concerned
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00522-00142580-00142774 that dia s-- harsh methods and
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00523-00142775-00143011 impersonation of FBI agents would
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00524-00143012-00143227 complicate the bureau's ability to do
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00525-00143228-00143527 its job properly saying the next time a
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00526-00143528-00143824 real agent tries to talk to that guy you
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00527-00143825-00144184 can imagine the result a subsequent
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00528-00144185-00144403 military inquiry countered FBI's
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00529-00144404-00144634 allegations by saying that the prisoner
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00530-00144635-00144847 treatment was degrading but not inhuman
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00531-00144848-00145078 without addressing the allegation of dia
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00532-00145079-00145321 staff regularly impersonating FBI
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00533-00145322-00145726 officers usually a felony offense a year
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00534-00145727-00145915 before this investigation was concluded
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00535-00145916-00146173 it was revealed that interrogations by
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00536-00146174-00146395 special units of the US military
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00537-00146396-00146599 services were much harsher and more
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00538-00146600-00146791 physical than any of the above dia
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00539-00146792-00147001 practices to the point that - dia
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00540-00147002-00147211 officials reportedly complained after
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00541-00147212-00147421 which they were threatened by non dia
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00542-00147422-00147658 interrogators similar activities are
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00543-00147659-00147865 thought to have transpired at the hands
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00544-00147866-00147889 of
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00545-00147890-00148093 the operatives in Bagram where as
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00546-00148094-00148384 recently as 2010 the organization ran
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00547-00148385-00148629 the so-called blacked Jail
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00548-00148630-00148882 according to a report published by the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00549-00148883-00149185 Atlantic the jail was manned by dia SD
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00550-00149186-00149437 CHC staff who were accused of beating
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00551-00149438-00149692 and sexually humiliating high-value
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00552-00149693-00150004 targets held at the site the detention
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00553-00150005-00150235 center outlived the black sites ran by
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00554-00150236-00150469 the Central Intelligence Agency with the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00555-00150470-00150708 DIA allegedly continuing to use
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00556-00150709-00151030 restricted interrogation methods in the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00557-00151031-00151282 facility under a secret authorization it
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00558-00151283-00151537 is unclear what happened to the secret
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00559-00151538-00151822 facility after the 2013 transfer of the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00560-00151823-00152047 base to Afghan authorities following
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00561-00152048-00152675 several postponements
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00562-00152676-00153286 topic US Armed Forces
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00563-00153287-00153528 the following techniques were authorized
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00564-00153529-00154012 by the US military yelling loud music
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00565-00154013-00154324 and light control environmental
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00566-00154325-00154632 manipulation sleep deprivation
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00567-00154633-00155101 adjustment stress positions 20-hour
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00568-00155102-00155473 interrogations controlled fear including
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00569-00155474-00155841 use of dogs in November 2006 former US
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00570-00155842-00156058 Army Brigadier General Janis Karpinski
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00571-00156059-00156327 in charge of Abu Ghraib prison until
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00572-00156328-00156646 early 2004 told spain's el pase
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00573-00156647-00156879 newspaper she had seen a letter signed
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00574-00156880-00157138 by United States Secretary of Defense
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00575-00157139-00157396 Donald Rumsfeld that allowed contractors
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00576-00157397-00157633 employed by the u.s. to use techniques
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00577-00157634-00157837 such as sleep deprivation during
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00578-00157838-00158110 interrogation quote the methods
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00579-00158111-00158376 consisted of making prisoners stand for
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00580-00158377-00158759 long periods sleep deprivation
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00581-00158760-00159071 playing music at full volume having to
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00582-00159072-00159455 sit uncomfortably Rumsfeld
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00583-00159456-00159830 authorized these specific techniques she
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00584-00159831-00160007 said that this was contrary to the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00585-00160008-00160244 Geneva Conventions and quoted the Geneva
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00586-00160245-00160526 Convention as saying prisoners of war
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00587-00160527-00160757 who refused to answer may not be
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00588-00160758-00161033 threatened insulted or exposed to any
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00589-00161034-00161318 unpleasant or disadvantageous treatment
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00590-00161319-00161491 of any kind
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00591-00161492-00161747 according to kirpan skee the handwritten
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00592-00161748-00161996 signature was above his printed name and
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00593-00161997-00162200 in the same handwriting in the margin
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00594-00162201-00162410 was written make sure this has
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00595-00162411-00162809 accomplished on May 1st 2005 the New
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00596-00162810-00162983 York Times reported on an ongoing
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00597-00162984-00163259 high-level military investigation into
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00598-00163260-00163475 accusations of detainee abuse at
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00599-00163476-00163703 Guantanamo conducted by Lieutenant
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00600-00163704-00163898 General Randall M Schmidt of the Air
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00601-00163899-00164147 Force and dealing with accounts by
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00602-00164148-00164365 agents for the Federal Bureau of
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00603-00164366-00164579 Investigation who complained after
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00604-00164580-00164828 witnessing detainees subjected to
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00605-00164829-00165218 several forms of harsh treatment the FBI
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00606-00165219-00165479 agents wrote in memorandums that were
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00607-00165480-00165668 never meant to be disclosed publicly
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00608-00165669-00165971 that they had seen female interrogators
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00609-00165972-00166262 forcibly squeeze male prisoners genitals
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00610-00166263-00166424 and that they had witnessed other
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00611-00166425-00166676 detainees stripped and shackled low to
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00612-00166677-00167095 the floor for many hours on July 12th
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00613-00167096-00167432 2005 members of a military panel told
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00614-00167433-00167570 the committee that they proposed
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00615-00167571-00167765 disciplining prison commander Major
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00616-00167766-00167957 General Jeffrey Miller over the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00617-00167958-00168218 interrogation of Mohammed al-qahtani who
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00618-00168219-00168434 was forced to wear a bra danced with
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00619-00168435-00168761 another man and threatened with dogs the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00620-00168762-00169007 recommendation was overruled by General
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00621-00169008-00169235 Ban J Craddock commander of u.s.
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00622-00169236-00169418 Southern Command who referred the matter
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00623-00169419-00169673 to the Army's Inspector General in an
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00624-00169674-00170033 interview with AP on February 14 2008
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00625-00170034-00170312 Paul rester chief military interrogator
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00626-00170313-00170534 at Guantanamo Bay and director of the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00627-00170535-00170762 Joint Intelligence Group said most of
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00628-00170763-00170984 the information gathered from detainees
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00629-00170985-00171227 came from non-coercive questioning in
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00630-00171228-00171614 rapport building not harsh interrogation
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00631-00171615-00171798 methods
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00632-00171799-00172133 you
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00633-00172134-00172804 topic initial reports and complains
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00634-00172805-00173179 in 2006 senior law enforcement agents
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00635-00173180-00173371 with the criminal investigation task
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00636-00173372-00173720 force told msnbc.com that they began to
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00637-00173721-00174008 complain in 2002 inside the US
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00638-00174009-00174182 Department of Defense that the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00639-00174183-00174445 interrogation tactics used in Guantanamo
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00640-00174446-00174625 Bay by a separate team of military
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00641-00174626-00174833 intelligence investigators were
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00642-00174834-00175024 unproductive not likely to produce
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00643-00175025-00175270 reliable information and probably
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00644-00175271-00175600 illegal unable to get satisfaction from
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00645-00175601-00175801 the army commanders running the detainee
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00646-00175802-00176035 camp they took their concerns to David
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00647-00176036-00176219 brand director of the Naval Criminal
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00648-00176220-00176371 Investigative Service
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00649-00176372-00176686 NCIS who alerted Navy general counsel
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00650-00176687-00176950 alberto jay mora general counsel Moore
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00651-00176951-00177178 and Navy Judge Advocate General Michael
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00652-00177179-00177409 Moore believed the detainee treatment to
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00653-00177410-00177625 be unlawful and campaigned among other
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00654-00177626-00177862 top lawyers and officials in the Defense
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00655-00177863-00178106 Department to investigate and to provide
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00656-00178107-00178333 clear standards prohibiting coercive
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00657-00178334-00178663 interrogation tactics in response On
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00658-00178664-00179074 January 15 2003 Rumsfeld suspended the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00659-00179075-00179282 approved interrogation tactics at
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00660-00179283-00179495 Guantanamo Bay until a new set of
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00661-00179496-00179695 guidelines could be produced by a
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00662-00179696-00179941 working group headed by General Counsel
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00663-00179942-00180298 of the Air Force Mary Walker the working
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00664-00180299-00180506 group based its new guidelines on a
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00665-00180507-00180709 legal memo from the United States
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00666-00180710-00180910 Department of Justice office of legal
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00667-00180911-00181181 counsel written by John U and signed by
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00668-00181182-00181522 Jay s by B in August 2002 which would
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00669-00181523-00181816 later become widely known as the torture
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00670-00181817-00182156 memo general counsel morally defection
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00671-00182157-00182369 of the working group in arguing against
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00672-00182370-00182582 these standards and argued the issues
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00673-00182583-00182728 with you in person
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00674-00182729-00183013 the working groups final report was
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00675-00183014-00183208 signed and delivered to Guantanamo
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00676-00183209-00183395 without the knowledge of Moore and the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00677-00183396-00183712 others who had opposed its content Mora
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00678-00183713-00183940 has maintained that detainee treatment
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00679-00183941-00184138 has been consistent with the law since
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00680-00184139-00184501 the January 15 2003 suspension of
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00681-00184502-00184706 previously approved interrogation
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00682-00184707-00184945 tactics it was not known publicly until
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00683-00184946-00185185 2008 that you wrote another legal
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00684-00185186-00185543 opinion dated March 14 2003 which he
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00685-00185544-00185791 issued to the General Counsel of DoD
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00686-00185792-00186040 five days before the invasion of Iraq
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00687-00186041-00186147 started
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00688-00186148-00186387 in it he concluded that federal laws
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00689-00186388-00186626 related to torture and other abuse did
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00690-00186627-00186846 not apply to interrogators overseas
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00691-00186847-00187010 which at that time the administration
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00692-00187011-00187275 applied to Guantanamo as well as
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00693-00187276-00187954 locations such as Iraq
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00694-00187955-00188652 topic public positions and reactions
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00695-00188653-00188970 President Bush stated the United States
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00696-00188971-00189279 of America does not torture and that's
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00697-00189280-00189543 important for people around the world to
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00698-00189544-00189849 understand the administration adopted
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00699-00189850-00190173 the detainee Treatment Act of 2005 to
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00700-00190174-00190377 address the multitude of incidents of
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00701-00190378-00190725 detainee abuse however in his signing
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00702-00190726-00190914 statement Bush made clear that he
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00703-00190915-00191127 reserved the right to waive this bill if
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00704-00191128-00191325 he thought that was needed Porter Goss
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00705-00191326-00191553 the director of Central Intelligence in
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00706-00191554-00191757 testimony before the Senate Armed
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00707-00191758-00192075 Services Committee on March 17 2005
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00708-00192076-00192330 described waterboarding as falling into
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00709-00192331-00192618 the area of professional interrogation
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00710-00192619-00192864 techniques differentiating them from
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00711-00192865-00193257 torture as I said publicly before and I
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00712-00193258-00193488 know for a fact that torture is not it's
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00713-00193489-00193830 not productive mr. gauss said quote
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00714-00193831-00194118 that's not professional interrogation
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00715-00194119-00194376 we don't do torture
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00716-00194377-00194627 The Washington Post reported in January
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00717-00194628-00194958 2009 that Susan J Crawford convening
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00718-00194959-00195213 authority of Military Commissions stated
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00719-00195214-00195408 about the interrogation of Mohammed
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00720-00195409-00195702 al-qahtani one of the alleged 20th
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00721-00195703-00196066 hijackers of the September 11th attacks
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00722-00196067-00196316 the techniques they used were all
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00723-00196317-00196539 authorized but the manner in which they
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00724-00196540-00196749 applied them was overly aggressive and
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00725-00196750-00196993 too persistent
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00726-00196994-00197215 you think of torture you think of some
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00727-00197216-00197419 horrendous physical act done to an
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00728-00197420-00197692 individual this was not any one
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00729-00197693-00197890 particular act this was just a
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00730-00197891-00198103 combination of things that had a medical
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00731-00198104-00198328 impact on him that hurt his health
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00732-00198329-00198639 it was abusive and uncalled for and
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00733-00198640-00198976 coercive clearly coercive it was that
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00734-00198977-00199183 medical impact that pushed me over the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00735-00199184-00199213 edge
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00736-00199214-00199645 ie to call it torture Crawford decided
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00737-00199646-00199885 not to prosecute al-qahtani because his
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00738-00199886-00200086 treatment fell within the definition of
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00739-00200087-00200308 torture so evidence was tainted by it
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00740-00200309-00200565 having been gained through coercion
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00741-00200566-00200842 former President Bush in his published
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00742-00200843-00201165 memoirs defends the utility of enhanced
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00743-00201166-00201469 interrogation techniques and continues
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00744-00201470-00201652 to assert that they are not torture
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00745-00201653-00201901 former President Obama former attorney
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00746-00201902-00202174 General Holder and Guantanamo military
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00747-00202175-00202381 prosecutor Crawford have called the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00748-00202382-00202624 techniques torture the British
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00749-00202625-00202822 government has determined the techniques
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00750-00202823-00203029 would be classified as torture and
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00751-00203030-00203260 dismissed President Bush's claim to the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00752-00203261-00203611 contrary a report by Human Rights first
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00753-00203612-00203938 hrf and physicians for Human Rights PHR
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00754-00203939-00204172 stated that these techniques constitute
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00755-00204173-00204508 torture they also cite the u.s. office
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00756-00204509-00204727 of the Inspector General report which
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00757-00204728-00204996 concluded Sarah type interrogation
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00758-00204998-00205261 techniques constitute physical or mental
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00759-00205262-00205515 torture and coercion under the Geneva
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00760-00205516-00205882 Conventions a United Nations report
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00761-00205883-00206164 denounced the u.s. abuse of prisoners as
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00762-00206165-00206488 tantamount to torture the UN report
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00763-00206489-00206744 called for cessation of the u.s. term
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00764-00206746-00207133 enhanced interrogation techniques as the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00765-00207134-00207366 UN sees these methods as a form of
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00766-00207367-00207721 torture the UN report also admonishes
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00767-00207721-00207955 against secret prisons the use of which
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00768-00207956-00208167 is considered to amount to torture as
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00769-00208169-00208450 well and should be discontinued in 2009
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00770-00208451-00208716 Paul Kane of the Washington Post said
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00771-00208717-00208915 that the press was hesitant to define
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00772-00208916-00209128 these techniques as torture as it is a
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00773-00209129-00209464 crime and nobody who engaged in enhanced
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00774-00209465-00209758 interrogation has been charged or
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00775-00209759-00210042 convicted the New York Times terms the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00776-00210044-00210277 techniques harsh
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00777-00210278-00210562 and brutal while avoiding the word
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00778-00210563-00210901 torture in most but not all news
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00779-00210902-00211182 articles though it routinely identifies
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00780-00211183-00211552 enhanced interrogation as torture in
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00781-00211553-00211879 editorials Slate Magazine terms enhanced
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00782-00211880-00212173 interrogation the u.s. torture program
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00783-00212173-00212659 in the summer of 2009 NPR decided to ban
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00784-00212660-00212866 using the word torture in what was a
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00785-00212867-00213184 controversial act its Ombudsman Alicia
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00786-00213185-00213423 Shepards defense of the policy was that
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00787-00213425-00213601 calling waterboarding torture as
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00788-00213602-00214029 tantamount to taking sides quote however
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00789-00214030-00214263 Berkeley professor of linguistics
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00790-00214264-00214521 Geoffrey nunberg pointed out that
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00791-00214523-00214738 virtually all media around the world
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00792-00214739-00215104 other than what he called the spineless
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00793-00215105-00215473 US media call these techniques torture
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00794-00215473-00215779 in an article on the euphemisms invented
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00795-00215780-00216106 by the media that also criticized NPR
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00796-00216107-00216486 Glenn Greenwald discussed the enabling
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00797-00216487-00216850 corruption of American journalism this
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00798-00216851-00217069 active media complicity in concealing
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00799-00217069-00217303 that our government created a systematic
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00800-00217304-00217552 torture regime by refusing ever to say
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00801-00217553-00217792 so is one of the principal reasons it
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00802-00217792-00218077 was allowed to happen for so long the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00803-00218078-00218335 steadfast ongoing refusal of our leading
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00804-00218336-00218587 media institutions to refer to what the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00805-00218588-00218959 Bush administration did is torture even
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00806-00218960-00219192 in the face of more than 100 detainee
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00807-00219194-00219427 deaths the use of that term by a leading
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00808-00219428-00219661 Bush official to describe what was done
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00809-00219662-00219901 at Guantanamo and the fact that media
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00810-00219902-00220194 outlets frequently used the word torture
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00811-00220196-00220489 to describe exactly the same methods
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00812-00220490-00220711 when used by other countries reveals
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00813-00220712-00220915 much about how the modern journalist
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00814-00220916-00221452 thinks
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00815-00221453-00222121 topic effectiveness and reliability
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00816-00222121-00222417 you
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00817-00222417-00222677 topic Senate Intelligence Committee
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00818-00222678-00223065 report
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00819-00223066-00223461 on December 9 2014 United States Senate
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00820-00223462-00223704 Select Committee on Intelligence SSCI
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00821-00223705-00224085 released a 525 page document containing
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00822-00224086-00224259 the key findings and an executive
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00823-00224260-00224535 summary of their report into the CIA's
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00824-00224536-00224871 detention and interrogation program the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00825-00224871-00225123 remainder of the 6,000 page report
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00826-00225123-00225432 remains classified the report concluded
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00827-00225433-00225621 that the interrogation techniques were
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00828-00225621-00225848 far more vicious and widespread than the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00829-00225850-00226130 CIA had previously reported that
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00830-00226131-00226413 brutality dishonesty and seemingly
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00831-00226414-00226713 arbitrary violence at times brought even
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00832-00226714-00227190 CIA employees to moments of anguish the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00833-00227191-00227448 report said that CIA officials had
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00834-00227448-00227637 deceived their superiors at the White
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00835-00227638-00227846 House members of Congress and even
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00836-00227848-00228027 sometimes their peers about how the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00837-00228028-00228269 interrogation program was being run and
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00838-00228271-00228456 what it had achieved the executive
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00839-00228457-00228858 summary lists 20 key findings the CIA's
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00840-00228859-00229077 use of its enhanced interrogation
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00841-00229078-00229298 techniques was not an effective means of
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00842-00229300-00229488 acquiring intelligence or gaining
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00843-00229489-00229892 cooperation from detainees the CIA's
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00844-00229892-00230088 justification for the use of its
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00845-00230089-00230334 enhanced interrogation techniques rested
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00846-00230335-00230492 on inaccurate claims of their
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00847-00230494-00230859 effectiveness the interrogations of CIA
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00848-00230860-00231105 detainees were brutal and far worse than
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00849-00231106-00231429 the CIA represented to policy makers and
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00850-00231430-00231771 others the conditions of confinement for
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00851-00231771-00232059 CIA detainees were harsher than the CIA
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00852-00232060-00232319 had represented to policymakers and
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00853-00232321-00232701 others the CIA repeatedly provided
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00854-00232702-00232919 inaccurate information to the Department
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00855-00232921-00233139 of Justice impeding a proper legal
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00856-00233140-00233391 analysis of the CIA's detention and
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00857-00233392-00233778 interrogation program the CIA has
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00858-00233779-00233961 actively avoided or impeded
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00859-00233962-00234203 congressional oversight of the program
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00860-00234204-00234552 the CIA impeded effective White House
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00861-00234553-00234942 Oversight and decision making the CIA's
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00862-00234942-00235166 operation and management of the program
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00863-00235167-00235437 complicated and in some cases impeded
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00864-00235438-00235659 the national security missions of other
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00865-00235660-00236031 executive branch agencies the CIA
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00866-00236032-00236355 impeded oversight by the CIA's Office of
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00867-00236356-00236754 Inspector General the CIA coordinated
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00868-00236755-00236982 the release of classified information to
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00869-00236983-00237167 the media including inaccurate
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00870-00237169-00237378 information concerning the effectiveness
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00871-00237379-00237657 of the CIA's enhanced interrogation
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00872-00237658-00238053 techniques the CIA was unprepared as it
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00873-00238054-00238260 began operating its detention and
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00874-00238261-00238479 interrogation program more than six
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00875-00238480-00238704 months after being granted detention
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00876-00238705-00239073 authorities the CIA's management and
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00877-00239073-00239253 operation of its detention and
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00878-00239254-00239490 interrogation program was deeply flawed
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00879-00239491-00239673 throughout the program's duration
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00880-00239673-00240119 particularly sir in 2002 and early 2003
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00881-00240119-00240444 to contract psychologists devised the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00882-00240444-00240705 CIA's enhanced interrogation techniques
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00883-00240706-00240885 and played a central role in the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00884-00240886-00241142 operation assessments and management of
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00885-00241144-00241326 the CIA's detention and interrogation
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00886-00241327-00241806 program by 2005 the CIA had
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00887-00241807-00242021 overwhelmingly out sourced operations
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00888-00242023-00242385 related to the program CIA detainees
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00889-00242386-00242673 were subjected to coercive interrogation
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00890-00242673-00242886 techniques that had not been approved by
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00891-00242887-00243084 the Department of Justice or had not
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00892-00243085-00243489 been authorized by CIA headquarters the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00893-00243490-00243783 CIA did not conduct a comprehensive or
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00894-00243784-00243960 accurate accounting of the number of
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00895-00243961-00244032 individual
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00896-00244033-00244284 detained and held individuals who did
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00897-00244285-00244461 not meet the legal standard for
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00898-00244462-00244530 detention
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00899-00244531-00244857 the CIA's claims about the number of
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00900-00244858-00245076 detainees held and subjected to its
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00901-00245077-00245294 enhanced interrogation techniques were
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00902-00245296-00245667 inaccurate the CIA failed to adequately
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00903-00245667-00245873 evaluate the effectiveness of its
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00904-00245875-00246210 enhanced interrogation techniques the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00905-00246211-00246273 CIA
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00906-00246273-00246504 rarely reprimanded or held personnel
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00907-00246505-00246723 accountable for serious or significant
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00908-00246723-00246981 violations inappropriate activities and
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00909-00246982-00247223 systematic and individual management
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00910-00247225-00247596 failures the CIA marginalized and
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00911-00247596-00247800 ignored numerous internal critiques
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00912-00247801-00248069 criticisms and objections concerning the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00913-00248071-00248310 operation and management of the CIA's
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00914-00248311-00248744 detention and interrogation program the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00915-00248746-00248916 CIA's detention and interrogation
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00916-00248917-00249231 program was inherently unsustainable and
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00917-00249232-00249519 had effectively ended by 2006 due to
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00918-00249519-00249762 unauthorized press disclosures reduced
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00919-00249763-00250026 cooperation from other nations and legal
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00920-00250027-00250365 and oversight concerns the CIA's
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00921-00250366-00250575 detention and interrogation program
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00922-00250576-00250823 damaged the United States standing in
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00923-00250825-00250878 the world
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00924-00250879-00251061 and resulted in other significant
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00925-00251062-00251319 monetary and non-monetary costs the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00926-00251319-00251489 Senate report examined in detail
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00927-00251490-00251736 specifically whether torture provided
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00928-00251737-00251973 information helpful in locating Osama
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00929-00251973-00252186 bin Laden and concluded that it did not
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00930-00252187-00252456 and that the CIA deliberately misled
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00931-00252457-00252644 political leaders and the public in
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00932-00252646-00252879 saying it had the three former CIA
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00933-00252880-00253062 directors George Tenet
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00934-00253063-00253287 Porter Goss and Michael Hayden who had
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00935-00253288-00253482 supervised the program during their
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00936-00253483-00253713 tenure objected to the Senate report in
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00937-00253714-00253908 a Wall Street Journal op-ed piece
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00938-00253909-00254232 calling it poorly done and partisan they
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00939-00254233-00254448 insisted that some information derived
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00940-00254448-00254688 from the CIA program was useful
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00941-00254689-00254889 specifically that interrogation
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00942-00254890-00255129 techniques made some detainees compliant
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00943-00255130-00255398 and that the information provided by the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00944-00255400-00255888 totality of detainees in CIA custody had
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00945-00255889-00256206 led to Osama bin Laden according to the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00946-00256207-00256563 CIA enhanced interrogation conditions
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00947-00256564-00256923 were used for security and other valid
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00948-00256923-00257226 reasons such as to create an environment
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00949-00257227-00257387 conducive to
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00950-00257388-00257657 captured and resistant terrorists sick
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00951-00257658-00257891 to detainees participating in
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00952-00257892-00258251 debriefings Republican Senator John
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00953-00258252-00258554 McCain citing Obama administration CIA
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00954-00258555-00258817 director Leon Panetta who did not join
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00955-00258819-00258959 with the others in the Wall Street
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00956-00258960-00259217 Journal op-ed had previously said that
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00957-00259217-00259442 brutality produced no useful information
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00958-00259442-00259744 in the hunt for Osama bin Laden leads
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00959-00259746-00260012 were obtained through standard non
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00960-00260013-00260426 coercive means in May 2011 Panetta had
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00961-00260427-00260762 written to Senator McCain that we first
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00962-00260763-00260984 learned about the facilitator couriers
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00963-00260985-00261271 nom de guerre from a detainee not in CIA
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00964-00261273-00261701 custody in 2002 it is also important to
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00965-00261702-00261878 note that some detainees who were
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00966-00261879-00262109 subjected to enhanced interrogation
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00967-00262110-00262337 techniques attempted to provide false or
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00968-00262338-00262511 misleading information about the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00969-00262512-00262832 facilitator courier these attempts to
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00970-00262833-00263084 falsify the facilitator couriers role
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00971-00263085-00263387 were alerting in the end no detainee in
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00972-00263388-00263651 CIA custody revealed the facilitator
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00973-00263652-00263906 couriers full true name or specific
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00974-00263907-00264176 whereabouts this information was
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00975-00264177-00264356 discovered through other intelligence
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00976-00264357-00264526 means
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00977-00264527-00264826 in 2014 Panetta wrote that torture did
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00978-00264827-00265048 produce some useful information but that
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00979-00265049-00265264 the product was not worth the price and
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00980-00265265-00265453 if asked whether America should engage
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00981-00265454-00265785 in similar practices he would say no
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00982-00265786-00266170 Obama administration CIA director John
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00983-00266171-00266433 Brennan said that it is unknowable
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00984-00266434-00266728 whether brutality helped or hindered in
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00985-00266729-00266898 the collection of useful intelligence
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00986-00266899-00267220 White House press secretary Josh earnest
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00987-00267221-00267424 said whether information derived from
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00988-00267425-00267718 CIA torture may have helped find Osama
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00989-00267719-00268030 bin Laden President Obama believes the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00990-00268031-00268291 use of these techniques was not worth it
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00991-00268292-00268534 because of the harm that was done to our
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00992-00268535-00268810 national values and the sense of what we
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00993-00268811-00269058 believe in as Americans
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00994-00269059-00269368 similarly Republican McCain agreed with
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00995-00269369-00269644 Democrat Dianne Feinstein in remarks on
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00996-00269645-00269881 the Senate floor that torture stained
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00997-00269882-00270214 our national honor and did much harm in
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00998-00270215-00270778 little practical good
+2TbmMvu6v0A-00999-00270779-00271189 topic CIA assessment on efficacy of the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01000-00271190-00271590 eyeties
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01001-00271591-00271812 on request by the National Security
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01002-00271813-00272190 Advisor Susan Rice in 2015 the CIA
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01003-00272191-00272415 compiled a summary of key intelligence
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01004-00272416-00272616 which according to their records had
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01005-00272617-00272825 been collected after the application of
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01006-00272826-00273083 unspecified interrogation techniques
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01007-00273084-00273350 the memorandum lists intelligence
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01008-00273351-00273551 related to the following topics the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01009-00273552-00273779 Karachi plot the Heathrow plot the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01010-00273780-00274149 second wave the ghurabaa cell isa al
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01011-00274150-00274499 hindi abu talha al Pakistani chem Bali's
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01012-00274500-00274812 capture Jafar Altair dirty bomb plot
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01013-00274813-00275231 shoe bomber and shish Alki Pakistan the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01014-00275232-00275463 CIA concluded that the enhanced
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01015-00275464-00275640 interrogation techniques had been
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01016-00275641-00275855 effective in providing intelligence and
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01017-00275856-00276114 has been a key reason why al Qaeda has
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01018-00276115-00276348 failed to launch a spectacular attack in
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01019-00276349-00276564 the West since the 11th of September
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01020-00276565-00277182 2001
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01021-00277183-00277801 topic destruction of videotapes
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01022-00277802-00278152 in December 2007 it became known that
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01023-00278153-00278437 the CIA had destroyed many videotapes
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01024-00278438-00278735 recording the interrogation of prisoners
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01025-00278736-00279046 disclosures in 2010 revealed that Jose
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01026-00279047-00279295 Rodriguez jr. head of the Directorate of
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01027-00279296-00279721 operations at the CIA from 2004 to 2007
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01028-00279722-00279949 ordered the tapes destroyed because he
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01029-00279950-00280195 thought they would be devastating to the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01030-00280196-00280639 CIA and that the heat from destroying is
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01031-00280640-00280882 nothing compared to what it would be if
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01032-00280883-00281190 the tapes ever got into public domain
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01033-00281191-00281452 the New York Times reported that
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01034-00281453-00281835 according to some insiders an inquiry
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01035-00281836-00282127 into the CIA's secret detention program
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01036-00282128-00282382 which analyzed these techniques might
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01037-00282383-00282648 end with criminal charges for abusive
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01038-00282649-00282964 interrogations in an op-ed for the New
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01039-00282965-00283240 York Times Thomas H Kean and Lee H
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01040-00283241-00283456 Hamilton chair and vice-chair of the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01041-00283457-00283840 9/11 Commission stated as a legal matter
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01042-00283841-00284131 it is not up to us to examine the CIA's
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01043-00284132-00284374 failure to disclose the existence of
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01044-00284375-00284709 these tapes that is for others what we
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01045-00284710-00284866 do know is that government officials
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01046-00284867-00285118 decided not to inform a lawfully
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01047-00285119-00285394 constituted body created by Congress and
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01048-00285395-00285625 the President to investigate one of the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01049-00285626-00285826 greatest tragedies to confront this
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01050-00285827-00286209 country we call that obstruction
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01051-00286210-00286489 responding to the so called torture
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01052-00286490-00286870 memoranda Scott Horton noted the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01053-00286871-00287059 possibility that the authors of these
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01054-00287060-00287275 memoranda counseled the use of lethal
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01055-00287276-00287500 and unlawful techniques and therefore
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01056-00287501-00287737 faced criminal culpability themselves
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01057-00287738-00288076 that after all is the teaching of United
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01058-00288077-00288427 States v altstadt er the nuremberg case
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01059-00288428-00288609 brought against german Justice
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01060-00288610-00288814 Department lawyers whose memoranda
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01061-00288815-00289045 crafted the basis for implementation of
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01062-00289046-00289414 the infamous night and fog decree Jordan
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01063-00289415-00289648 Post concurred by responding to mucus
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01064-00289649-00289867 e's refusal to investigate and/or
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01065-00289868-00290085 prosecute anyone that relied on these
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01066-00290086-00290284 legal opinions
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01067-00290285-00290551 it is legally and morally impossible for
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01068-00290552-00290779 any member of the executive branch to be
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01069-00290780-00290986 acting lawfully or within the scope of
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01070-00290987-00291262 his or her authority while following OLC
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01071-00291263-00291439 opinions that are manifestly
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01072-00291440-00291655 inconsistent with or violative of the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01073-00291656-00291994 law general mucousy just following
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01074-00291995-00292544 orders as no defense
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01075-00292545-00292862 topic International Committee of the Red
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01076-00292863-00293303 Cross report
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01077-00293304-00293714 on March 15 2009 mark Danner provided a
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01078-00293715-00293897 report in the New York Review of Books
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01079-00293898-00294137 with an abridged version in the New York
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01080-00294138-00294371 Times describing and commenting on the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01081-00294372-00294515 contents of a report by the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01082-00294516-00294695 International Committee of the Red Cross
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01083-00294696-00295099 ICRC report on the treatment of 14
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01084-00295100-00295586 high-value detainees in CIA custody 43
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01085-00295587-00296126 pp February 2007 report
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01086-00296127-00296345 is a record of interviews with black
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01087-00296346-00296618 site detainees conducted between October
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01088-00296619-00297011 6th and 11 and December 4th and 14 2006
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01089-00297012-00297245 after they're transferred to Guantanamo
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01090-00297246-00297440 according to Danner the report was
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01091-00297441-00297728 marked confidential and was not
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01092-00297729-00297959 previously made public before being made
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01093-00297960-00298256 available to him Danner provides
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01094-00298257-00298475 excerpts of interviews with detainees
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01095-00298476-00298748 including Abu Zubaydah will lead Bennett
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01096-00298749-00299072 ash and Khalid Sheikh Mohammed according
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01097-00299073-00299288 to Danner the report contains sections
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01098-00299289-00299657 on methods of ill treatment including
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01099-00299658-00299906 suffocation by water prolonged stress
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01100-00299907-00300128 standing beatings by use of a collar
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01101-00300129-00300386 beating and kicking confinement in a box
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01102-00300387-00300656 prolonged nudity sleep deprivation and
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01103-00300657-00300893 use of loud music exposure to cold
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01104-00300894-00301172 temperature cold water prolonged use of
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01105-00301173-00301397 handcuffs and shackles threats forced
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01106-00301398-00301628 shaving and deprivation restricted
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01107-00301629-00301940 provision of solid food Danner quotes
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01108-00301941-00302309 the ICRC report as saying that in many
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01109-00302310-00302561 cases the ill treatment to which they
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01110-00302562-00302795 were subjected while held in the CIA
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01111-00302796-00303130 program either singly or in combination
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01112-00303131-00303506 constituted torture in addition many
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01113-00303507-00303656 other elements of the ill treatment
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01114-00303657-00303952 either singly or in combination
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01115-00303953-00304202 constituted cruel inhuman or degrading
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01116-00304203-00304622 treatment a heavily redacted version of
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01117-00304623-00304889 the November 8th 2006 meeting was
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01118-00304890-00305260 released by the CIA On June 10th 2016
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01119-00305261-00305666 the report tells that the ICRC finds the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01120-00305667-00305891 detainees stories largely credible
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01121-00305892-00306116 having put much stock in the fact that
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01122-00306117-00306332 the story each detainee told about his
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01123-00306333-00306542 transfer treatment and conditions of
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01124-00306543-00306761 confinement was basically consistent
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01125-00306762-00306914 even though they had been incommunicado
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01126-00306915-00307094 with each other throughout their
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01127-00307095-00307800 detention by us the CIA
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01128-00307801-00308081 topic Senate Armed Services Committee
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01129-00308082-00308510 report
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01130-00308511-00308732 a bipartisan Senate Armed Services
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01131-00308733-00308994 Committee report released in part in
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01132-00308995-00309358 December 2008 and in full in April 2009
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01133-00309359-00309608 concluded that the legal authorization
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01134-00309609-00309983 of enhanced interrogation techniques led
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01135-00309984-00310197 directly to the abuse and killings of
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01136-00310198-00310467 prisoners in u.s. military facilities at
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01137-00310468-00310823 Abu Ghraib Bagram and elsewhere brutal
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01138-00310824-00311070 abuse believed to originate in Chinese
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01139-00311071-00311276 Communist torture techniques to extract
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01140-00311277-00311544 false confessions from American Powell's
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01141-00311545-00311729 migrated from Guantanamo Bay to
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01142-00311730-00312028 Afghanistan then to Iraq and Abu Ghraib
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01143-00312029-00312291 the report concludes that some
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01144-00312292-00312581 authorized techniques including use of
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01145-00312582-00312815 stress positions and sleep deprivation
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01146-00312816-00313164 combined with other mistreatment caused
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01147-00313165-00313424 or were direct contributing factors in
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01148-00313425-00313643 the cases of several prisoners who were
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01149-00313644-00313985 tortured to death the report also notes
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01150-00313986-00314196 that authorizing abuse created the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01151-00314197-00314432 conditions for other unauthorized abuse
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01152-00314433-00314657 by creating a legal and moral climate
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01153-00314658-00315002 encouraging inhumane treatment the legal
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01154-00315003-00315326 memos condoning enhanced interrogation
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01155-00315327-00315779 had redefine torture distorted the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01156-00315780-00316022 meaning and intent of anti torture laws
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01157-00316023-00316432 and rationalized the abuse of detainees
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01158-00316433-00316724 conveying the message that physical
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01159-00316725-00316917 pressures and degradation were
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01160-00316918-00317234 appropriate treatment what followed was
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01161-00317235-00317525 in erosion of standards dictating that
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01162-00317526-00317916 detainees be treated humanely the report
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01163-00317917-00318176 accused defense secretary Rumsfeld and
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01164-00318177-00318383 his deputies of being according to the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01165-00318384-00318653 Washington Post directly responsible as
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01166-00318654-00318875 the authors and chief promoters of harsh
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01167-00318876-00319109 interrogation policies that disgraced
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01168-00319110-00319863 the nation and undermined US security
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01169-00319864-00320158 topic comparison to the Gestapo
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01170-00320159-00320418 interrogation method called ver sharped
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01171-00320419-00320837 Vern among
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01172-00320838-00321087 Atlantic Monthly writer Andrew Sullivan
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01173-00321088-00321347 has pointed out similarities between the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01174-00321348-00321588 Gestapo interrogation method called ver
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01175-00321589-00321782 sharped Verne among and what the u.s.
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01176-00321783-00322188 called enhanced interrogation he asserts
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01177-00322189-00322453 the first use of the term comparable to
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01178-00322454-00322920 enhanced interrogation was a 1937 memo
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01179-00322921-00323135 by de stop Oh chief Heinrich Muller
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01180-00323136-00323397 coining the phrase ver sharped Verne
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01181-00323398-00323857 among German for sharpened questioning
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01182-00323858-00324366 intensified or enhanced interrogation to
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01183-00324367-00324584 describe subjection to extreme cold
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01184-00324585-00324867 sleep deprivation suspension in stress
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01185-00324868-00325079 positions and deliberate exhaustion
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01186-00325080-00325400 among other techniques Sullivan reports
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01187-00325401-00325743 that in 1948 Norway prosecuted German
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01188-00325744-00325989 officials for what trial documents term
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01189-00325990-00326364 versus Verne among including subjection
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01190-00326365-00326618 to cold water and repeated beatings
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01191-00326619-00327023 Sullivan concludes the very phrase used
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01192-00327024-00327240 by the President to describe torture
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01193-00327241-00327512 that isn't somehow torture enhanced
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01194-00327513-00327800 interrogation techniques is a term
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01195-00327801-00328038 originally coined by the Nazis the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01196-00328039-00328307 techniques are indistinguishable the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01197-00328308-00328620 methods were clearly understood in 1948
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01198-00328621-00328944 as war crimes the punishment for them
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01199-00328945-00329483 was death
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01200-00329484-00329813 topic investigation and calls for
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01201-00329814-00330084 prosecution
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01202-00330085-00330288 you
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01203-00330289-00330610 you
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01204-00330611-00331302 topic request for special counsel probe
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01205-00331303-00331765 On June 8 2008 56 House Democrats asked
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01206-00331766-00332007 for an independent investigation raising
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01207-00332008-00332212 the possibility that authorizing these
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01208-00332213-00332445 techniques may constitute a crime by
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01209-00332446-00332730 Bush administration officials the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01210-00332731-00332958 congressman involved in calling for such
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01211-00332959-00333195 an investigation included John Conyers
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01212-00333196-00333487 jan Schakowsky and Jerrold Nadler the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01213-00333488-00333693 letter was addressed to attorney General
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01214-00333694-00333971 Michael B mucusy observing that
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01215-00333972-00334191 information indicates that the Bush
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01216-00334192-00334401 administration may have systematically
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01217-00334402-00334650 implemented from the top-down detainee
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01218-00334651-00334899 interrogation policies that constitute
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01219-00334900-00335265 torture or otherwise violate the law the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01220-00335266-00335590 letter continues to state because these
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01221-00335591-00335788 apparent enhanced interrogation
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01222-00335789-00335967 techniques were used under cover of
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01223-00335968-00336216 Justice Department legal opinions the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01224-00336217-00336453 need for an outside special prosecutor
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01225-00336454-00336783 as obvious according to the Washington
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01226-00336784-00336981 Post the request was denied because
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01227-00336982-00337254 Attorney General Michael B mucousy felt
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01228-00337255-00337716 that officials acted in good faith when
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01229-00337717-00337932 they sought legal opinions and that the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01230-00337933-00338124 lawyers who provided them used their
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01231-00338125-00338502 best judgment the article also reported
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01232-00338503-00338802 that he warned that criminalizing the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01233-00338803-00339006 process could cause policymakers to
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01234-00339007-00339262 second-guess themselves in harm our
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01235-00339263-00339663 national security well into the future
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01236-00339664-00339867 after Chaney acknowledged his
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01237-00339868-00340095 involvement in authorizing these tactics
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01238-00340096-00340320 Senator Carl Levin chair of the Armed
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01239-00340321-00340524 Services Committee a New York Times
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01240-00340525-00340770 editorial Glenn Greenwald and Scott
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01241-00340771-00340955 Horton stressed the importance of a
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01242-00340956-00341295 criminal investigation a prosecutor
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01243-00341296-00341501 should be appointed to consider criminal
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01244-00341502-00341724 charges against top officials at the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01245-00341725-00341940 Pentagon and others involved in planning
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01246-00341941-00342514 the abuse
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01247-00342515-00342895 topic United Nations Convention Against
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01248-00342896-00343291 Torture
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01249-00343292-00343549 shortly before the end of Bush's second
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01250-00343550-00343792 term news media in other countries were
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01251-00343793-00344008 opining that under the United Nations
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01252-00344009-00344248 Convention Against Torture the u.s. is
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01253-00344249-00344476 obligated to hold those responsible to
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01254-00344477-00344668 account under criminal law the United
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01255-00344669-00344890 Nations Special Rapporteur on torture
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01256-00344891-00345100 and other cruel inhuman or degrading
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01257-00345101-00345337 treatment or punishment professor
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01258-00345338-00345670 manfred Novak On January 20th 2009
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01259-00345671-00345913 remarked on German television that
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01260-00345914-00346105 following the inauguration of Barack
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01261-00346106-00346411 Obama as new president george w bush has
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01262-00346412-00346618 lost his head of state immunity and
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01263-00346619-00346864 under international law the US has now
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01264-00346865-00347089 mandated to start criminal proceedings
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01265-00347090-00347293 against all those involved in these
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01266-00347294-00347566 violations of the UN Convention Against
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01267-00347567-00347875 Torture law professor deep markers
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01268-00347876-00348142 explained no X comments by saying that
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01269-00348143-00348394 under US and international law former
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01270-00348395-00348580 President Bush as criminally responsible
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01271-00348581-00348859 for adopting torture as an interrogation
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01272-00348860-00349409 tool
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01273-00349410-00350000 topic Binyam Mohammed case
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01274-00350001-00350378 On February 4 2009 the High Court of
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01275-00350379-00350603 England and Wales ruled that evidence of
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01276-00350604-00350822 possible torture in the case of Binyam
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01277-00350823-00351047 Mohammed an Ethiopian born British
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01278-00351048-00351263 resident who was held in Guantanamo Bay
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01279-00351264-00351611 until 2009 could not be disclosed to the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01280-00351612-00351926 public as a result of a statement by
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01281-00351927-00352118 David Miliband the Foreign Secretary
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01282-00352119-00352391 that if the evidence was disclosed the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01283-00352392-00352613 US would stop sharing intelligence with
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01284-00352614-00352904 Britain that would directly threaten the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01285-00352905-00353099 UK's national security
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01286-00353100-00353384 Miliband had told the court
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01287-00353385-00353568 the judges said they found it difficult
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01288-00353569-00353967 to conceive the rationale for the USA's
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01289-00353968-00354138 objections to releasing the information
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01290-00354139-00354462 which contained no disclosure of
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01291-00354463-00354713 sensitive intelligence matters
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01292-00354714-00355019 adding we did not consider that a
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01293-00355020-00355253 democracy governed by the rule of law
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01294-00355254-00355469 would expect a court in another
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01295-00355470-00355733 democracy to suppress a summary of the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01296-00355734-00356000 evidence contained in reports by its own
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01297-00356001-00356394 officials responding to the ruling David
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01298-00356395-00356609 Davis the Conservative MP and former
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01299-00356610-00356988 shadow home secretary commented the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01300-00356989-00357224 ruling implies that torture has taken
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01301-00357225-00357455 place in the Binyam Mohammed case that
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01302-00357456-00357674 British agencies may have been complicit
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01303-00357675-00357860 and further that the United States
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01304-00357861-00358094 government has threatened our High Court
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01305-00358095-00358319 that if it releases this information the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01306-00358320-00358499 US government will withdraw its
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01307-00358500-00358740 intelligence cooperation with the United
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01308-00358741-00359064 Kingdom the High Court judges also
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01309-00359065-00359303 stated in 2009 that a criminal
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01310-00359304-00359552 investigation by the UK's Attorney
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01311-00359553-00359771 General in two possible torture had
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01312-00359772-00360114 begun in February 2010 the UK Court of
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01313-00360115-00360347 Appeal ruled that material held by the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01314-00360348-00360650 UK Foreign Secretary must be made public
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01315-00360651-00360959 the judges also concluded that Binyam
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01316-00360960-00361225 Mohammed had been subjected to cruel
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01317-00361226-00361493 inhuman and degrading treatment by the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01318-00361494-00361815 United States authorities and that
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01319-00361816-00362045 British intelligence knew that Mohammed
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01320-00362046-00362784 was being tortured by the CIA
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01321-00362785-00363326 topic legality
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01322-00363327-00363572 after the disclosure of the use of the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01323-00363573-00363830 technics debate arose over the legality
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01324-00363831-00364037 of the techniques whether they had
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01325-00364038-00364786 violated US or international law
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01326-00364787-00365349 topic US government
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01327-00365350-00365628 following the September 11th attacks in
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01328-00365629-00365940 2001 several memoranda analyzing the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01329-00365941-00366147 legality of various interrogation
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01330-00366148-00366366 methods were written by John you from
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01331-00366367-00366666 the Office of Legal Counsel the memos
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01332-00366667-00366852 known today as the torture memos
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01333-00366853-00367085 advocate enhanced interrogation
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01334-00367086-00367259 techniques while pointing out that
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01335-00367260-00367473 avoiding the Geneva Conventions would
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01336-00367474-00367685 reduce the possibility of prosecution
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01337-00367686-00368070 under the US War Crimes Act of 1996 for
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01338-00368071-00368339 actions taken in the war on terror in
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01339-00368340-00368619 addition a new u.s. definition of
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01340-00368620-00368937 torture was issued most actions that
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01341-00368938-00369158 fall under the International definition
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01342-00369159-00369371 do not fall within this new definition
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01343-00369372-00369594 advocated by the u.s. the bush
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01344-00369595-00369963 administration told the CIA in 2002 that
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01345-00369964-00370188 its interrogators working abroad would
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01346-00370189-00370433 not violate u.s. prohibitions against
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01347-00370434-00370695 torture unless they have the specific
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01348-00370696-00370914 intent to inflict severe pain or
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01349-00370915-00371234 suffering according to a previously
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01350-00371235-00371454 secret US Justice Department memo
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01351-00371455-00371882 released on July 24 2008 the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01352-00371883-00372273 interrogators good faith and honest
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01353-00372274-00372557 belief that the interrogation will not
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01354-00372558-00372744 cause such suffering protects the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01355-00372745-00372983 interrogator the memo ads because
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01356-00372984-00373239 specific intent as an element of the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01357-00373240-00373506 offense the absence of specific intent
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01358-00373507-00373890 negates the charge of torture Jay Bybee
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01359-00373891-00374073 then the assistant attorney general
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01360-00374074-00374430 wrote in the memo dated August 1st 2002
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01361-00374431-00374679 addressed to the CIA acting general
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01362-00374680-00375114 counsel John a Rizzo the 18 page memo is
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01363-00375115-00375345 heavily redacted with ten of its 18
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01364-00375346-00375597 pages completely blacked out and only a
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01365-00375598-00375881 few paragraphs legible on the others
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01366-00375882-00376176 another memo released on the same day
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01367-00376177-00376581 advises that the waterboard does not
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01368-00376582-00376920 violate the torture statute it also
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01369-00376921-00377118 cites a number of warnings against
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01370-00377119-00377316 torture including statements by
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01371-00377317-00377547 President Bush and a then new Supreme
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01372-00377548-00377817 Court ruling which raises possible
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01373-00377818-00378150 concerns about future US judicial review
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01374-00378151-00378533 of the interrogation program
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01375-00378534-00378806 a third memo instructs interrogators to
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01376-00378807-00379015 keep records of sessions in which
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01377-00379016-00379349 enhanced interrogation techniques are
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01378-00379350-00379670 used the memo is signed by then CIA
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01379-00379671-00379946 director George Tenet and dated January
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01380-00379947-00380429 28 2003 the memos were made public by
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01381-00380430-00380672 the American Civil Liberties Union which
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01382-00380673-00380972 obtained the three CIA related documents
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01383-00380973-00381146 under Freedom of Information Act
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01384-00381147-00381557 requests they were among nearly 140,000
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01385-00381558-00381770 formerly classified documents from the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01386-00381771-00381974 Department of Defense the Justice
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01387-00381975-00382214 Department and the CIA that provide
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01388-00382215-00382457 details on the treatment of prisoners in
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01389-00382458-00382853 US custody in the war on terror gathered
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01390-00382854-00383162 by the ACLU the less redacted version of
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01391-00383163-00383471 the August 1st 2002 memo signed by
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01392-00383472-00383699 Assistant Attorney General J by B
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01393-00383700-00383954 regarding Abu Zubaydah and four memos
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01394-00383955-00384269 from 2005 signed by principal deputy
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01395-00384270-00384491 assistant attorney general Stephen G
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01396-00384492-00384779 Bradbury addressed to CIA and analyzing
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01397-00384780-00384949 the legality of various specific
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01398-00384950-00385160 interrogation methods including
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01399-00385161-00385370 waterboarding were released by Barack
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01400-00385371-00385721 Obama's administration on April 16 2009
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01401-00385722-00385925 following the release of the CIA
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01402-00385926-00386120 documents Philip Zelikow
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01403-00386121-00386345 a former State Department lawyer an
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01404-00386346-00386555 adviser to then Secretary of State
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01405-00386556-00386888 Condoleezza Rice said that in 2005 he
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01406-00386889-00387092 had written a legal memo objecting to
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01407-00387093-00387395 torture in it he argued that it was
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01408-00387396-00387680 unlikely that any federal court would
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01409-00387681-00387880 agree that the approval of harsh
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01410-00387881-00388250 interrogation techniques was a
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01411-00388251-00388466 reasonable interpretation of the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01412-00388467-00388805 Constitution he claimed that the Bush
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01413-00388806-00389045 administration had ordered all copies of
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01414-00389046-00389243 his legal memo be collected and
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01415-00389244-00389777 destroyed
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01416-00389778-00390396 topic subsequent torture memoranda
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01417-00390397-00390771 in May 2005 in response to requests from
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01418-00390772-00390855 the CIA
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01419-00390856-00391104 Redbury authored several memoranda that
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01420-00391105-00391296 confirmed that several so-called
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01421-00391297-00391662 enhanced interrogation techniques did
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01422-00391663-00391878 not constitute torture including
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01423-00391879-00392115 waterboarding walling stress positions
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01424-00392116-00392385 striking a prisoner exposure to extreme
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01425-00392386-00392631 temperatures dousing with cold water and
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01426-00392632-00392922 forced sleep deprivation of up to 180
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01427-00392923-00393186 hours seven and a half days even when
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01428-00393187-00393513 used in combination these memoranda
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01429-00393514-00393789 found the CIA's practices to be lawful
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01430-00393790-00394008 if applied in accordance with specified
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01431-00394009-00394284 conditions limitations and safeguards
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01432-00394285-00394479 including those set forth in the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01433-00394480-00394748 agency's interrogation procedures
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01434-00394749-00395025 Bradbury's memoranda were described by
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01435-00395026-00395235 Democrats as an attempt to sidestep
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01436-00395236-00395559 anti-torture laws and subvert a 2004
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01437-00395560-00395814 Public Justice Department legal opinion
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01438-00395815-00396192 characterizing torturers abhorrent these
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01439-00396193-00396423 memoranda were publicly released by the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01440-00396424-00396893 Obama administration on April 16 2009
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01441-00396894-00397140 Bradbury authored an additional memo
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01442-00397141-00397506 dated July 2007 seeking to reconcile the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01443-00397507-00397683 interrogation techniques with new
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01444-00397684-00397866 developments including intervening
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01445-00397867-00398049 legislation such as the military
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01446-00398050-00398378 commissions Act of 2006 and the December
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01447-00398379-00398787 2005 detainee Treatment Act in response
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01448-00398788-00399023 to this and other new legislation the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01449-00399024-00399345 2007 memo provided legal authorization
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01450-00399346-00399609 and OLC approval for a more limited set
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01451-00399610-00399825 of actions for use when interrogating
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01452-00399826-00400149 high-value detainees this approval
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01453-00400150-00400341 encompassed six listed techniques
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01454-00400342-00400617 including temporary food deprivation no
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01455-00400618-00400857 less than 1,000 calories per day
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01456-00400858-00401103 sleep deprivation by being forced to
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01457-00401104-00401415 hold a standing position for as many as
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01458-00401416-00401739 four days and several types of physical
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01459-00401740-00401997 striking the cumulative effect of Bush
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01460-00401998-00402252 administration legal memos and exemption
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01461-00402253-00402462 from prosecution had been to create a
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01462-00402463-00402840 law free zone according to the former
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01463-00402841-00403071 chief prosecutor at Guantanamo where
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01464-00403072-00403278 civilian politicians expected the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01465-00403279-00403527 military to use torture against our will
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01466-00403528-00403654 and judgment
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01467-00403655-00404101 you
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01468-00404102-00404743 topic international legal bodies
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01469-00404744-00405097 on May 19th 2006 the UN Committee
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01470-00405098-00405346 Against Torture issued a report stating
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01471-00405347-00405568 the US should stop secretly detaining
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01472-00405569-00405778 torturing and ill-treating terror
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01473-00405779-00406008 suspects since such treatment as illegal
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01474-00406009-00406354 under international law in July 2014 the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01475-00406355-00406588 European Court of Human Rights condemned
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01476-00406589-00406731 the government of Poland for
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01477-00406732-00407002 participating in CIA extraordinary
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01478-00407003-00407230 rendition to a black site in Poland for
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01479-00407231-00407460 enhanced interrogation which the court
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01480-00407461-00407719 called torture inhumane and degrading
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01481-00407720-00408016 treatment the court ordered the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01482-00408017-00408199 government of Poland to pay restitution
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01483-00408200-00408946 to men who had been tortured there
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01484-00408947-00409589 topic human rights organizations
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01485-00409590-00409928 a report by Human Rights first hrf and
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01486-00409929-00410222 physicians for Human Rights pfh stated
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01487-00410222-00410451 that these techniques constitute torture
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01488-00410452-00410828 their press release said the report
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01489-00410829-00411032 concludes that each of the ten tactics
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01490-00411033-00411310 as likely to violate US laws including
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01491-00411312-00411562 the War Crimes Act the us torture Act
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01492-00411563-00411903 and the detainee Treatment Act of 2005
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01493-00411904-00412210 the Constitution Project convened a
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01494-00412212-00412414 review of interrogation and detention
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01495-00412415-00412603 programs in the years after the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01496-00412604-00413026 September 11th 2001 terrorist attacks it
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01497-00413027-00413318 concluded in 2013 that it is
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01498-00413318-00413551 indisputable that the United States
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01499-00413552-00413853 engaged in the practice of torture and
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01500-00413854-00414145 that the nation's highest officials bore
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01501-00414146-00414818 ultimate responsibility for it
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01502-00414819-00415513 topic ban on interrogation techniques
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01503-00415514-00415876 on December 14 2005 the detainee
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01504-00415877-00416071 treatment Act was passed into law
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01505-00416072-00416350 setting the army policy as standard for
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01506-00416351-00416613 all agencies and prohibiting cruel
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01507-00416614-00416896 inhuman or degrading treatment or
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01508-00416897-00417352 punishment On February 13 2008 the US
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01509-00417353-00417604 Senate in a fifty one to forty five vote
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01510-00417605-00417859 approved a bill clarifying this language
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01511-00417860-00418135 allowing only those interrogation
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01512-00418135-00418425 techniques explicitly authorized by the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01513-00418426-00418891 2006 Army Field Manual the Washington
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01514-00418892-00419158 Post stated the measure would
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01515-00419159-00419383 effectively ban the use of simulated
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01516-00419384-00419605 drowning temperature extremes and other
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01517-00419606-00419875 harsh tactics that the CIA used on
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01518-00419876-00420112 al-qaeda prisoners after the September
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01519-00420113-00420601 11 2001 attacks President George W Bush
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01520-00420602-00420897 has said in a BBC interview he would
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01521-00420899-00421108 veto such a bill after previously
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01522-00421109-00421362 signing an executive order that allows
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01523-00421363-00421657 enhanced interrogation techniques and
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01524-00421658-00422008 may exempt the CIA from common article 3
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01525-00422009-00422242 of the Geneva Conventions on March 8
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01526-00422243-00422613 2008 President Bush vetoed this bill
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01527-00422614-00422908 because the danger remains we need to
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01528-00422909-00423121 ensure our intelligence officials have
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01529-00423122-00423316 all the tools they need to stop the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01530-00423317-00423631 terrorists Bush said in his weekly radio
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01531-00423632-00424024 address quote the bill Congress sent me
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01532-00424025-00424239 would take away one of the most valuable
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01533-00424241-00424501 tools in the war on terror the CIA
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01534-00424502-00424753 program to detain and question key
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01535-00424754-00425010 terrorist leaders and operatives Bush
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01536-00425012-00425221 said that the methods used by the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01537-00425222-00425571 military are designed for interrogating
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01538-00425572-00425827 lawful combatants captured on the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01539-00425828-00426172 battlefield not the hardened terrorists
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01540-00426172-00426601 normally questioned by the CIA quote if
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01541-00426602-00426862 we were to shut down this program and
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01542-00426863-00427120 restrict the CIA to methods in the field
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01543-00427121-00427339 manual we could lose vital information
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01544-00427339-00427597 from senior al Qaeda terrorists and that
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01545-00427597-00427964 could cost American lives Bush said
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01546-00427966-00428157 Massachusetts Senator Edward Kennedy
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01547-00428158-00428509 described Bush's veto as one of the most
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01548-00428510-00428818 shameful acts of his presidency
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01549-00428818-00429151 he said unless Congress overrides the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01550-00429152-00429421 veto it will go down in history as a
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01551-00429422-00429709 flagrant insult to the rule of law in a
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01552-00429710-00429916 serious stain on the good name of
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01553-00429917-00430212 America in the eyes of the world
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01554-00430213-00430480 according to Jane Mayer during the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01555-00430481-00430635 transition period for then
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01556-00430637-00430903 president-elect Barack Obama his legal
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01557-00430904-00431097 intelligence and national security
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01558-00431097-00431341 advisors had met at the CIA's
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01559-00431342-00431547 headquarters in Langley to discuss
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01560-00431549-00431781 whether a ban on brutal interrogation
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01561-00431782-00432067 practices would hurt their ability to
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01562-00432068-00432409 gather intelligence and among the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01563-00432410-00432700 consulted experts there was unanimity
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01564-00432701-00433113 among Obama's expert advisors
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01565-00433114-00433305 that to change the practices would not
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01566-00433306-00433493 in any material way affect the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01567-00433495-00433835 collection of intelligence on January
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01568-00433835-00434187 22nd 2009 President Obama signed
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01569-00434188-00434766 executive order 13502 CIA to use only
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01570-00434767-00435039 the 19 interrogation methods outlined in
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01571-00435039-00435291 the United States Army Field Manual on
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01572-00435292-00435495 interrogations unless the Attorney
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01573-00435496-00435689 General with appropriate consultation
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01574-00435691-00436410 provides further guidance
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01575-00436411-00437062 topic decision not to prosecute
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01576-00437063-00437350 US and international law states that if
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01577-00437351-00437535 a country is unwilling or unable to
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01578-00437537-00437770 prosecute its own officials for torture
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01579-00437771-00438037 an international tribunal may do so the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01580-00438038-00438241 United Nations Special Rapporteur on
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01581-00438242-00438510 torture Human Rights Watch and American
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01582-00438512-00438682 legal scholars have called for the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01583-00438683-00438892 prosecution of Bush administration
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01584-00438893-00439110 officials who ordered torture conspired
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01585-00439112-00439342 to provide legal cover for torture and
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01586-00439343-00439651 CIA and DOD personnel and contract
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01587-00439652-00439963 workers who carried it out former Bush
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01588-00439964-00440200 administration attorney John Yoo has
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01589-00440201-00440503 said that CIA officers risk prosecution
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01590-00440504-00440683 for acts outside what the Justice
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01591-00440684-00440939 Department specifically authorized a
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01592-00440941-00441238 dozen lower-ranking Defense Department
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01593-00441239-00441478 personnel were prosecuted for abuses at
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01594-00441479-00441778 Abu Ghraib one CIA contractor who beat a
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01595-00441779-00442003 prisoner to death in Afghanistan was
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01596-00442004-00442239 prosecuted for assault however neither
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01597-00442241-00442468 US domestic nor international
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01598-00442468-00442714 prosecution of high-ranking officials as
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01599-00442714-00443258 likely
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01600-00443259-00444003 topic US domestic prosecution refused
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01601-00444004-00444293 president obama while condemning torture
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01602-00444295-00444495 ruled out prosecuting his bush
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01603-00444496-00444816 administration predecessors according to
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01604-00444817-00445068 university of california law school dean
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01605-00445068-00445314 Christopher Edley jr. who served on
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01606-00445314-00445554 President Obama's transition team the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01607-00445555-00445764 decision not to prosecute predated
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01608-00445764-00445983 Obama's taking office and was due to
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01609-00445984-00446220 concern about a backlash by leaders of
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01610-00446221-00446402 the military the National Security
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01611-00446403-00446829 Agency and the CIA in an interview Ben
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01612-00446830-00447102 Rhodes deputy national security adviser
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01613-00447103-00447351 under Obama commented on the difficult
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01614-00447352-00447522 political problems that torture
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01615-00447522-00447756 prosecutions would have created both in
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01616-00447757-00447951 distracting from the administration's
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01617-00447952-00448152 response to the Great Recession and
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01618-00448153-00448356 potentially alienating the president
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01619-00448357-00448683 from his own agencies legal analysts
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01620-00448684-00448872 such as Eric Posner and Andrew
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01621-00448872-00449118 Napolitano have said that prosecutions
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01622-00449118-00449325 would create a precedent putting Obama
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01623-00449326-00449541 administration officials at risk of
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01624-00449542-00449768 politically motivated prosecutions by
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01625-00449770-00450000 their successors the US Department of
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01626-00450001-00450201 Justice announced that there will be no
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01627-00450202-00450408 trials even of those who went well
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01628-00450409-00450606 beyond what the torture memos allowed
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01629-00450607-00450804 including those who tortured detainees
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01630-00450805-00451149 to death the rationale has not been
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01631-00451150-00451446 disclosed in response to a FOIA lawsuit
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01632-00451447-00451716 the Obama administration argued that the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01633-00451717-00451910 rationale should be kept secret because
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01634-00451912-00452135 disclosing them could affect the candor
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01635-00452137-00452339 of law enforcement deliberations about
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01636-00452341-00453043 whether to bring criminal charges
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01637-00453045-00453404 topic foreign prosecution possible but
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01638-00453405-00453806 unlikely
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01639-00453807-00454093 there is no statute of limitations for
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01640-00454095-00454435 war crimes in international law however
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01641-00454435-00454679 prosecutions in either the International
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01642-00454680-00454868 Criminal Court or in the courts of a
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01643-00454868-00455087 particular nation invoking the doctrine
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01644-00455088-00455288 of universal jurisdiction are also
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01645-00455289-00455564 regarded as unlikely the u.s. under the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01646-00455564-00455924 Bush administration unsigned the treaty
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01647-00455925-00456143 that had conferred on the International
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01648-00456143-00456314 Criminal Court jurisdiction over
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01649-00456314-00456647 Americans in addition President Bush
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01650-00456647-00456974 signed the 2002 American servicemembers
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01651-00456975-00457163 Protection Act allowing military
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01652-00457164-00457372 invasion of the Hague to rescue any
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01653-00457374-00457618 Americans the court might detain for war
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01654-00457620-00457952 crimes trials some torture occurred in
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01655-00457953-00458237 CIA black site prisons in countries that
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01656-00458238-00458480 remain parties to the treaty like Poland
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01657-00458481-00458872 Afghanistan Lithuania and Romania but
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01658-00458874-00459080 for political reasons those countries
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01659-00459081-00459272 are not in a position to initiate a
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01660-00459272-00459514 prosecution nor to extradite US
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01661-00459516-00459755 officials to face charges invoking the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01662-00459756-00459971 universal jurisdiction doctrine the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01663-00459972-00460193 Center for Constitutional Rights tried
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01664-00460193-00460424 first in Switzerland and then in Canada
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01665-00460425-00460631 to prosecute former President George
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01666-00460632-00460945 Bush on behalf of for tortured detainees
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01667-00460946-00461207 Bush cancelled his trip to Switzerland
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01668-00461208-00461471 after news of the planned prosecution
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01669-00461472-00461753 came to light Bush has traveled to
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01670-00461754-00461987 Canada but the Canadian government shut
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01671-00461988-00462214 down the prosecution in advance of his
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01672-00462216-00462479 arrest the center has filed a grievance
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01673-00462480-00462731 with the United Nations for Canada's
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01674-00462732-00462929 failure to enforce the Convention
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01675-00462930-00463142 Against Torture on which action is
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01676-00463143-00463691 pending
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01677-00463692-00463959 topic consequence of failing to
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01678-00463960-00464375 prosecute
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01679-00464376-00464654 without any prosecutions the possibility
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01680-00464655-00464847 remains that a future presidential
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01681-00464848-00465074 administration could claim torture as
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01682-00465075-00465355 legal and revive its practice in
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01683-00465356-00465701 February 2016 several leading u.s.
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01684-00465702-00465938 presidential candidates openly argued
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01685-00465939-00466204 for reintroducing torture including
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01686-00466205-00466475 president Donald Trump who expressed his
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01687-00466476-00466822 desire to bring back waterboarding the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01688-00466823-00467063 u.s. reluctance to punish torturers has
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01689-00467064-00467234 setback the fight against torture
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01690-00467235-00467534 worldwide according to one amend s the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01691-00467535-00467747 United Nations Special Rapporteur on
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01692-00467747-00468339 torture
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01693-00468341-00469042 topic prosecution of John Kiriakou
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01694-00469043-00469507 former CIA officer John Kiriakou in 2007
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01695-00469508-00469714 was the first official within the US
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01696-00469714-00469893 government to confirm the use of
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01697-00469895-00470118 waterboarding of al-qaeda prisoners as
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01698-00470120-00470310 an interrogation technique which he
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01699-00470312-00470614 described as torture on October 22nd
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01700-00470614-00470878 2012 Kiriakou pleaded guilty to
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01701-00470879-00471118 disclosing classified information about
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01702-00471118-00471393 a fellow CIA officer that connected the
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01703-00471395-00471654 covert operative to a specific operation
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01704-00471655-00471960 he was sentenced to 30 months in prison
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01705-00471962-00472768 On January 25th 2013
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01706-00472769-00473083 topic European Court of Human Rights
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01707-00473084-00473553 decisions
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01708-00473554-00473976 on July 24 2014 the European Court of
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01709-00473977-00474225 Human Rights ruled that Poland violated
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01710-00474226-00474420 the European Convention on Human Rights
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01711-00474421-00474630 when it cooperated with the u.s.
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01712-00474631-00474947 allowing the CIA to hold and torture Abu
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01713-00474949-00475160 Zubaydah and Abbott al-rahim al-nashiri
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01714-00475162-00475716 on its territory in 2002-2003 the court
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01715-00475717-00475910 ordered the Polish government to pay
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01716-00475912-00476247 each of the men 100,000 euros in damages
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01717-00476247-00476618 it also awarded Abu Zubaydah 30,000
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01718-00476620-00476907 euros to cover his costs on the 31st of
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01719-00476908-00477297 May 2018 the ECHR ruled that Romania and
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01720-00477297-00477546 Lithuania also violated the rights of
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01721-00477547-00477753 Abu Zubaydah and Abbott al-rahim
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01722-00477754-00478264 al-nashiri in 2003 to 2005 and in
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01723-00478266-00478568 2005-2006 respectively and Lithuania and
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01724-00478570-00478851 Romania were ordered to pay 100,000
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01725-00478852-00479112 euros in damages each to Abu Zubaydah
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01726-00479113-00479416 and Abba Dalma shiri
+2TbmMvu6v0A-01727-00479417-00479835 equals equals see also
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00000-00000009-00000345 the Allahabad address are do HDB
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00001-00000346-00000582 al-abaad as a speech by Pakistani
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00002-00000583-00000802 scholar Sir Mohammad Iqbal one of the
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00003-00000802-00001087 best known in Pakistan history it was
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00004-00001088-00001297 delivered by Iqbal during the 25th
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00005-00001298-00001510 annual session of the All India Muslim
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00006-00001511-00001698 League on the afternoon of Monday the
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00007-00001700-00001954 29th of December 1930 at Allahabad
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00008-00001955-00002269 British India in this address Iqbal
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00009-00002270-00002419 outlined a vision of an independent
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00010-00002420-00002677 state for muslim-majority provinces in
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00011-00002678-00002860 northwestern India thus becoming the
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00012-00002861-00003070 first politician to articulate what
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00013-00003071-00003210 would become known as the two-nation
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00014-00003211-00003460 theory that Muslims are a distinct
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00015-00003461-00003634 nation and thus deserve political
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00016-00003635-00003804 independence from other regions and
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00017-00003806-00003970 communities of India allama iqbal
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00018-00003971-00004231 defined the Muslims of India as a nation
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00019-00004232-00004375 and suggested that there could be no
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00020-00004376-00004558 possibility of peace in the country
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00021-00004559-00004768 unless and until they were recognized as
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00022-00004769-00004966 a nation and under a federal system the
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00023-00004967-00005145 Muslim majority units were given the
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00024-00005146-00005329 same privileges which were to be given
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00025-00005330-00005593 to the Hindu majority units it was the
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00026-00005594-00005791 only way in which both the Muslims and
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00027-00005792-00005968 the Hindus could prosper in accordance
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00028-00005969-00006163 with their respective cultural values in
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00029-00006164-00006432 his speech he emphasized that unlike
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00030-00006433-00006687 Christianity Islam came with legal
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00031-00006688-00007080 concepts with civic significance with
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00032-00007081-00007395 its religious ideals considered as
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00033-00007396-00007578 inseparable from social order
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00034-00007579-00007830 therefore the construction of a policy
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00035-00007831-00008034 on national lines if it means a
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00036-00008035-00008280 displacement of the Islamic principle of
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00037-00008281-00008364 solidarity
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00038-00008365-00008698 is simply unthinkable to a Muslim it
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00039-00008699-00008877 bald thus stressed not only the need for
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00040-00008878-00009051 the political unity of Muslim
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00041-00009052-00009231 communities but the undesirability of
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00042-00009232-00009462 blending the Muslim population into a
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00043-00009463-00009694 wider society not based on Islamic
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00044-00009695-00009937 principles however he would not
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00045-00009938-00010164 elucidate or specify if his ideal
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00046-00010165-00010353 Islamic state would construe a theocracy
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00047-00010354-00010594 even as he rejected secularism and
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00048-00010595-00010855 nationalism the latter part of Iqbal 's
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00049-00010856-00011055 life was concentrated on political
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00050-00011056-00011301 activity he would travel across Europe
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00051-00011302-00011508 and West Asia to garner political and
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00052-00011509-00011703 financial support for the league and he
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00053-00011704-00011994 reiterated his ideas in his 1932 address
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00054-00011995-00012156 and during the third roundtable
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00055-00012157-00012355 conference he opposed the Congress and
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00056-00012356-00012562 proposals for transfer of power without
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00057-00012563-00012714 considerable autonomy or independence
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00058-00012715-00013060 for Muslim provinces
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00059-00013061-00013413 you
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00060-00013413-00013918 topic history
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00061-00013919-00014152 the Hindu Muslim question had great
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00062-00014153-00014356 importance and stood crucial to British
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00063-00014357-00014674 Indian history after 1857 especially in
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00064-00014675-00014965 the 20th century but the key issue for
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00065-00014966-00015222 Muslims remained separate identity on
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00066-00015224-00015481 several occasions and addresses the
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00067-00015482-00015663 issue gets highlighted that the Muslims
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00068-00015665-00015832 are a separate nation with different
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00069-00015833-00016044 culture and civilization interests and
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00070-00016046-00016297 rights the two-nation theory was not
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00071-00016297-00016525 accepted by the Muslims Hindus and the
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00072-00016526-00016687 British people's because they believed
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00073-00016688-00016996 in territorial nationalism the
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00074-00016997-00017200 Congress's perspective of Hindu Muslim
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00075-00017201-00017413 relationship was that any perceived rift
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00076-00017414-00017602 between the Hindus and Muslims was the
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00077-00017603-00017773 product of the British divide and rule
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00078-00017774-00018046 policy according to the Congress
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00079-00018047-00018214 the British had consciously created
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00080-00018215-00018424 splits and divisions therefore it was an
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00081-00018425-00018586 artificial issue which should not be
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00082-00018587-00018874 emphasized for Muslims it was the core
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00083-00018875-00019225 issue I was the central issue it related
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00084-00019226-00019456 to their culture civilization heritage
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00085-00019457-00019630 and the type of arrangement that were to
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00086-00019631-00019810 be done in the future political and
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00087-00019811-00020029 constitutional arrangements of India the
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00088-00020030-00020245 idea of separate homeland based on many
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00089-00020246-00020419 issues the first was the decline and
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00090-00020420-00020713 degeneration of the Muslims most of the
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00091-00020714-00020914 Muslim states became the colonies of the
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00092-00020915-00021193 European states then the Industrial
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00093-00021194-00021409 Revolution development of Science and
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00094-00021410-00021586 Technology became a preserve of the
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00095-00021587-00021856 European nations so the question for
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00096-00021857-00022015 Muslims was why the decline and
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00097-00022016-00022194 degeneration have set in among the
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00098-00022195-00022480 Muslims the second issue was how to work
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00099-00022481-00022708 for revival and regeneration of Muslims
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00100-00022709-00022879 in general and how Muslims could
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00101-00022880-00023056 overcome the decline and again assume
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00102-00023057-00023164 their rightful place in the
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00103-00023165-00023449 international system the third issue was
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00104-00023450-00023644 specific to the Muslims of South Asia
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00105-00023645-00023833 who shared the problems of the Muslims
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00106-00023834-00023992 as a whole problem of decline and
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00107-00023993-00024196 degeneration but in addition to this
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00108-00024197-00024364 certain specific problems which
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00109-00024365-00024538 pertained to British India and one
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00110-00024539-00024766 important problem which Muslim faced was
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00111-00024767-00024961 that that of minority the majority were
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00112-00024962-00025138 not Muslims and this makes the situation
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00113-00025139-00025333 in British India different from the
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00114-00025334-00025483 situation in the Middle Eastern
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00115-00025484-00025687 countries where Muslims were in majority
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00116-00025688-00025944 in British India the problem was that
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00117-00025945-00026101 they could be overwhelmed by the other
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00118-00026102-00026242 community therefore they were
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00119-00026243-00026449 emphasizing on their identity value
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00120-00026450-00026629 culture and also heritage and
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00121-00026630-00026806 civilization which they thought and
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00122-00026807-00027004 emphasized time and again that it gave
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00123-00027005-00027151 them a different distinct in an
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00124-00027152-00027297 exclusive identity
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00125-00027298-00027522 they were not simply a minority but a
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00126-00027523-00027783 community and a nation the reason was
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00127-00027783-00027936 that they did not want to be absorbed
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00128-00027937-00028558 into the majority community
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00129-00028558-00029108 topic phases of development
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00130-00029108-00029399 by 1930 this sentiment had developed
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00131-00029400-00029555 very clearly which was very much
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00132-00029556-00029744 demonstrated in the development of
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00133-00029745-00029945 history of India or the question of the
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00134-00029945-00030127 relationship between the Muslims and the
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00135-00030129-00030422 other communities it was in this context
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00136-00030423-00030581 that allama iqbal delivered his
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00137-00030582-00030893 presidential address Iqbal political
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00138-00030894-00031479 thoughts developed in three phases
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00139-00031480-00032157 topic first phase
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00140-00032158-00032469 the first phase pertains to the pre 195
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00141-00032470-00032868 people addresses the factors for the
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00142-00032869-00033045 decline of the Muslims and he tries to
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00143-00033046-00033276 focus on Indian nationality nationhood
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00144-00033277-00033597 or Indian unity Iqbal explained about
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00145-00033598-00033789 resolving differences in his book bang
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00146-00033790-00034026 idara and writes Tirana I Hindi and Naya
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00147-00034027-00034715 chaiwalla to reunite Muslims with Hindus
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00148-00034716-00035033 topic second phase the stay in Europe
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00149-00035034-00035528 1905 208
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00150-00035529-00035765 the second phase pertains the period
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00151-00035766-00036083 from 1905 to 1908 Iqbal spent these
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00152-00036084-00036227 years in Europe during his higher
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00153-00036228-00036422 education and in Germany at Monique
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00154-00036423-00036734 University for PhD his stay in England
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00155-00036735-00037004 helps to crystallize his ideas Iqbal
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00156-00037005-00037205 appreciated certain things in the West
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00157-00037206-00037382 for example the quest for knowledge
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00158-00037383-00037612 their efforts for innovation and change
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00159-00037613-00037867 Iqbal was critical of materialism
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00160-00037868-00038069 capitalism and competition and
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00161-00038070-00038240 unrestricted and unlimited competition
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00162-00038241-00038477 that was undermining the society and it
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00163-00038478-00038651 is during this period that he began to
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00164-00038652-00038834 think philosophically and scientifically
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00165-00038835-00039050 about the Muslims and he emphasized on
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00166-00039051-00039254 the importance of spiritualism in one's
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00167-00039255-00039745 life
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00168-00039746-00040150 topic third phase return to India 1908
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00169-00040151-00040505 and onward
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00170-00040506-00040754 the third phase occurs when Iqbal comes
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00171-00040755-00041036 back to India after his education here
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00172-00041037-00041240 his exclusive attention and focus were
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00173-00041241-00041420 on the Muslim he talked about the
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00174-00041421-00041627 centrality of Islam the question of
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00175-00041628-00041849 submission to God oneness of God he
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00176-00041850-00042047 emphasized in his writings prose as well
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00177-00042048-00042248 as poetry and he talked about Mohammed
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00178-00042249-00042422 as the ideal leader as the leader that
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00179-00042423-00042683 the Muslims should try to follow however
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00180-00042684-00042923 his focus was on primarily Muslims of
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00181-00042924-00043058 this region when he dealt with the
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00182-00043059-00043265 political or the constitutional issues
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00183-00043266-00043561 of India Iqbal got the title of sir in
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00184-00043562-00043841 1922 in recognition of his intellectual
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00185-00043842-00044210 work in 1927 Iqbal was elected to the
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00186-00044211-00044477 Punjab Legislative Council so far next
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00187-00044478-00044654 little over two years he served in the
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00188-00044655-00044879 Punjab Legislative Council that is from
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00189-00044880-00045104 1927 to 1930
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00190-00045105-00045698 two years
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00191-00045699-00046315 topic revival of Islamic polity
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00192-00046316-00046546 Iqbal's six english lectures were
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00193-00046547-00046795 published first from Lahore in 1930 and
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00194-00046796-00047095 then by Oxford University Press in 1934
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00195-00047096-00047290 in the book titled the reconstruction of
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00196-00047291-00047542 religious thought in Islam which were
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00197-00047543-00047761 read at Madras Hyderabad and Ali ger
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00198-00047762-00047948 these lectures dwell on the role of
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00199-00047949-00048133 Islam as a religion as well as a
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00200-00048134-00048340 political and legal philosophy in the
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00201-00048341-00048608 modern age in these lectures Iqbal
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00202-00048609-00048833 firmly rejects the political attitudes
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00203-00048834-00049064 and conduct of Muslim politicians whom
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00204-00049065-00049280 he saw as morally misguided attached to
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00205-00049281-00049442 power and without any standing with
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00206-00049443-00049792 Muslim masses Iqbal expressed fears that
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00207-00049793-00049987 not only would secularism weaken the
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00208-00049988-00050198 spiritual foundations of Islam and
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00209-00050199-00050398 Muslim society but that India's Hindu
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00210-00050399-00050599 majority population would crowd out
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00211-00050600-00050786 Muslim heritage culture and political
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00212-00050787-00051073 influence in his travels to Egypt
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00213-00051074-00051350 Afghanistan Iran and Turkey he promoted
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00214-00051351-00051529 ideas of greater Islamic political
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00215-00051530-00051773 cooperation and unity calling for the
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00216-00051774-00052037 shedding of nationalist differences he
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00217-00052038-00052252 also speculated on different political
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00218-00052253-00052417 arrangements to guarantee Muslim
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00219-00052419-00052651 political power in a dialogue with dr.
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00220-00052652-00052891 BR Ambedkar Iqbal expressed his desire
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00221-00052892-00053125 to see Indian provinces as autonomous
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00222-00053126-00053305 units under the direct control of the
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00223-00053307-00053474 British government and with no central
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00224-00053475-00053684 Indian government he envisaged
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00225-00053685-00053926 autonomous Muslim provinces in India
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00226-00053927-00054169 under one Indian Union he feared for
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00227-00054170-00054325 Muslims who would suffer in many
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00228-00054326-00054526 respects especially with regard to their
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00229-00054527-00055257 existentially separate entity as Muslims
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00230-00055258-00055854 topic address 1930
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00231-00055855-00056083 iqbal was elected president of the
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00232-00056084-00056332 Muslim League in 1930 at its session in
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00233-00056333-00056545 Allahabad in the United Provinces as
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00234-00056546-00056713 well as for the session in Lahore in
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00235-00056714-00057076 1932 in his presidential address on the
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00236-00057077-00057385 29th of December 1930 Iqbal outlined a
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00237-00057386-00057535 vision of an independent state for
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00238-00057536-00057724 muslim-majority provinces in
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00239-00057725-00058301 northwestern India
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00240-00058302-00058854 topic the address basis
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00241-00058854-00059172 in 1930 Iqbal delivered the presidential
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00242-00059173-00059373 address the Allahabad address before
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00243-00059374-00059619 address Iqbal also delivered landmark
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00244-00059620-00059994 lectures on Islam in 1928 and 1929 in a
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00245-00059995-00060291 leaguer Hyderabad and Madras because it
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00246-00060291-00060530 balls address I plot was based on Islam
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00247-00060532-00060789 Iqbal's views on Islam and introversion
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00248-00060790-00060975 with the modern conditions and modern
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00249-00060976-00061166 situation helps him to generate the
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00250-00061167-00061572 Allahabad address in 1932 Iqbal also
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00251-00061573-00061785 presided over all India conference that
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00252-00061786-00061932 was held at Lahore and during that
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00253-00061933-00062145 conference he repeated some of the ideas
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00254-00062146-00062289 and some of the thoughts which he had
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00255-00062290-00062988 presented in his address at 1930
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00256-00062989-00063529 topic the address outline
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00257-00063529-00063766 in his address iqbal called for the
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00258-00063766-00064077 creation of a Muslim India within India
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00259-00064078-00064363 especially in northwestern India Iqbal
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00260-00064364-00064501 demanded the right of self-government
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00261-00064502-00064840 for the Muslims as he said India is a
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00262-00064841-00065053 continent of human groups belonging to
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00263-00065054-00065209 different races speaking different
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00264-00065210-00065407 languages and professing different
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00265-00065408-00065565 religions
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00266-00065566-00065767 personally I would like to see the
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00267-00065768-00066019 Punjab Northwest Frontier Province Sindh
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00268-00066020-00066247 in Baluchistan amalgamated into a single
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00269-00066248-00066499 state self-government within the British
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00270-00066500-00066736 Empire or without the British Empire the
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00271-00066737-00066958 formation of a consolidated Northwest
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00272-00066959-00067174 Indian Muslim state appears to me to be
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00273-00067175-00067357 the final destiny of the Muslims at
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00274-00067358-00067642 least of Northwest India within his
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00275-00067643-00067708 address
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00276-00067709-00067882 Iqbal also touched on his fear that
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00277-00067883-00068068 Islam may have a similar fate as
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00278-00068069-00068365 Christianity to Islam matter as spirit
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00279-00068366-00068637 realizing itself in space and time
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00280-00068638-00068908 whereas Europe had accepted the
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00281-00068909-00069121 separation of church and state and
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00282-00069122-00069289 disliked the fact that their leaders
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00283-00069290-00069598 were indirectly forcing the world to
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00284-00069599-00069895 accept it as unquestionable dogma
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00285-00069896-00070096 I do not know what will be the final
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00286-00070097-00070258 fate of the national idea in the world
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00287-00070259-00070564 of Islam whether Islam will assimilate
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00288-00070565-00070726 and transform it as it has before
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00289-00070727-00070969 assimilated and transformed many ideas
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00290-00070970-00071164 expressive of a different spirit or
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00291-00071165-00071371 allow radical transformation of its own
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00292-00071372-00071575 structure by the force of this idea is
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00293-00071576-00071851 hard to predict professor when sync of
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00294-00071852-00072019 light in Holland wrote to me the other
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00295-00072020-00072208 day it seems to me that Islam is
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00296-00072209-00072385 entering upon a crisis through which
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00297-00072386-00072586 Christianity has been passing for more
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00298-00072587-00072850 than a century the great difficulty is
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00299-00072851-00073048 how to save the foundations of religion
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00300-00073049-00073246 when many antiquated notions have to be
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00301-00073247-00073654 given up Iqbal spoke of the unity of an
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00302-00073655-00073861 Indian nation therefore must be sought
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00303-00073862-00074047 not in the negation but in the mutual
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00304-00074048-00074347 harmony and cooperation of the many true
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00305-00074348-00074545 statesmanship cannot ignore facts
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00306-00074546-00074843 however unpleasant they may be
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00307-00074844-00075026 and it is on the discovery of Indian
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00308-00075027-00075209 unity in this direction that the fate of
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00309-00075210-00075580 India as well as of Asia really depends
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00310-00075581-00075817 if an effective principle of cooperation
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00311-00075818-00075997 is discovered in India it will bring
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00312-00075998-00076176 peace and mutual goodwill to this
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00313-00076177-00076507 ancient land which has suffered so long
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00314-00076508-00076696 and it will at the same time solve the
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00315-00076697-00076947 entire political problem of Asia in
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00316-00076948-00077344 regards to the army Iqbal stated Punjab
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00317-00077345-00077608 with 56 percent Muslim population
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00318-00077609-00077821 supplies 54 percent of the total
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00319-00077822-00078043 combatant troops to the Indian army and
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00320-00078044-00078262 if the 19,000 gurke is recruited from
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00321-00078263-00078439 the independent state of Nepal are
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00322-00078440-00078667 excluded the Punjab contingent amounts
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00323-00078668-00078904 to 62 percent of the whole Indian army
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00324-00078905-00079138 this percentage does not take into
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00325-00079139-00079390 account nearly 6000 combatants applied
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00326-00079391-00079567 to the Indian army by the Northwest
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00327-00079568-00079843 Frontier Province in Baluchistan from
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00328-00079844-00080014 this you can easily calculate the
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00329-00080015-00080203 possibilities of Northwest Indian
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00330-00080204-00080392 Muslims in regards to the defense of
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00331-00080393-00080554 India against foreign aggression
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00332-00080555-00080821 thus processing full opportunity of
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00333-00080822-00081019 development within the body politic of
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00334-00081020-00081244 India the Northwest Indian Muslims will
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00335-00081245-00081409 prove the best defenders of India
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00336-00081410-00081727 against a foreign invasion Iqbal also
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00337-00081728-00081988 addresses how it was painful to observe
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00338-00081989-00082291 the failed attempts to discover such a
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00339-00082292-00082645 principle of internal harmony however he
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00340-00082646-00082972 still felt hopeful he expressed great
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00341-00082973-00083161 concerns that the British politicians
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00342-00083162-00083440 were cleverly exploiting Hindu Muslim
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00343-00083441-00083653 differences regarding the ultimate form
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00344-00083654-00083950 of central government through princes of
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00345-00083951-00084220 the princely states he was also critical
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00346-00084221-00084403 of the Simon report that it did great
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00347-00084404-00084727 injustice to Muslims to not be given a
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00348-00084728-00084984 statutory majority for Punjab and Bengal
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00349-00084985-00085258 furthermore he demanded sin to be united
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00350-00085259-00085423 with baluchistan and turned into a
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00351-00085424-00085600 separate province as it did not have
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00352-00085601-00085732 anything in common with Bombay
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00353-00085733-00085982 presidency
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00354-00085983-00086200 comparing the European democracy to
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00355-00086201-00086441 Indian democracy he justified the Muslim
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00356-00086442-00086705 demand for a Muslim India within India
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00357-00086706-00087038 saying the principle of European
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00358-00087039-00087250 democracy cannot be applied to India
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00359-00087251-00087449 without recognizing the fact of communal
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00360-00087450-00087688 groups the Muslim demand for the
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00361-00087689-00087896 creation of a Muslim India within India
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00362-00087897-00088181 as therefore perfectly justified the
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00363-00088182-00088388 resolution of the all parties Muslim
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00364-00088389-00088598 conference at Delhi is to my mind wholly
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00365-00088599-00088799 inspired by this noble ideal of a
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00366-00088800-00088969 harmonious whole which instead of
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00367-00088970-00089147 stifling the respect of individuality
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00368-00089148-00089363 zuv its component holes affords them
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00369-00089364-00089519 chances of fully working out the
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00370-00089520-00089705 possibilities that may be latent in them
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00371-00089706-00089944 and I have no doubt that this house will
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00372-00089945-00090151 emphatically endorse the Muslim demands
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00373-00090152-00090461 embodied in this resolution commenting
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00374-00090462-00090668 on the Hindu fears of religious rule in
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00375-00090669-00090940 the Muslim autonomous states Iqbal said
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00376-00090941-00091196 Muslim demand is not actuated by the
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00377-00091197-00091412 kind of motive he imputes to us it is
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00378-00091413-00091625 actuated by a genuine desire for free
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00379-00091626-00091775 development which is practically
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00380-00091776-00091975 impossible under the type of unitary
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00381-00091976-00092117 government contemplated by the
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00382-00092118-00092312 nationalist Hindu politicians with a
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00383-00092313-00092471 view to secure permanent command
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00384-00092472-00092719 dominance in the whole of India nor
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00385-00092720-00092888 should the Hindus fear that the creation
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00386-00092889-00093098 of autonomous Muslim states will mean
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00387-00093099-00093287 the introduction of a kind of religious
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00388-00093288-00093532 rule in such States I have already
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00389-00093533-00093728 indicated to you the meaning of the word
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00390-00093729-00094025 religion as applied to Islam the truth
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00391-00094026-00094333 is that Islam is not a church
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00392-00094334-00094528 right therefore demand the formation of
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00393-00094529-00094744 a consolidated Muslim state in the best
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00394-00094745-00095041 interests of India and Islam for India
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00395-00095042-00095263 it means security and peace resulting
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00396-00095264-00095458 from an internal balance of power for
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00397-00095459-00095676 Islam an opportunity to rid itself of
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00398-00095677-00095887 the stamp that Arabian imperialism was
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00399-00095888-00096070 forced to give it to mobilise its law
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00400-00096071-00096307 its education its culture and to bring
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00401-00096308-00096484 them into closer contact with its own
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00402-00096485-00096667 original spirit and with the spirit of
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00403-00096668-00096991 modern times in his concluding remarks
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00404-00096992-00097309 Iqbal said India demands complete
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00405-00097310-00097498 organization and unity of will and
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00406-00097499-00097705 purpose in the Muslim community both in
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00407-00097706-00097897 your own interest as a community and in
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00408-00097898-00098239 the interest of India as a whole we have
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00409-00098240-00098401 a duty toward India where we are
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00410-00098402-00098644 destined to live and die we have the
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00411-00098645-00098901 duty towards Asia especially Muslim Asia
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00412-00098902-00099169 and since 70 millions of Muslims in
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00413-00099170-00099373 single country constitute a far more
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00414-00099374-00099586 valuable asset to Islam than all the
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00415-00099587-00099817 countries of Muslim Asia put together we
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00416-00099818-00099991 must look at the Indian problem not only
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00417-00099992-00100180 from the Muslim point of view but also
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00418-00100181-00100396 from the standpoint of the Indian Muslim
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00419-00100397-00100957 as such
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00420-00100958-00101472 topic importance
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00421-00101473-00101693 Iqbal's address was known to have a
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00422-00101694-00101918 forceful and logical presentation of the
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00423-00101919-00102234 Muslim case in India his address arises
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00424-00102235-00102426 the awareness that why should Muslims be
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00425-00102427-00102600 treated as a political entity rather
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00426-00102601-00102884 than a minority his address highlights
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00427-00102885-00103034 the following views that would prove
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00428-00103035-00103377 highly beneficial in future territorial
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00429-00103378-00103575 adjustments will enable the Muslims to
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00430-00103576-00103736 develop themselves in accordance with
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00431-00103738-00103993 their ideas and serve the cause of Ummah
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00432-00103994-00104261 redistribution of territory developed
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00433-00104263-00104432 later on the concept of a Muslim
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00434-00104433-00104703 homeland he further expressed these
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00435-00104704-00104984 ideas in letters to Jinnah from may 1936
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00436-00104985-00105341 to November 1937 he talked of a separate
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00437-00105342-00105576 Federation of Muslim provinces that
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00438-00105577-00105798 northwestern India and Ben Gong can be
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00439-00105799-00105927 considered as entitled to
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00440-00105928-00106136 self-determination like other nations in
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00441-00106138-00106433 India and outside Sharia z-- development
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00442-00106434-00106616 is impossible without a free Muslim
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00443-00106617-00106872 state or States he advised the Muslims
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00444-00106873-00107054 to be above self-interest and devote
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00445-00107055-00107360 themselves to Islam in difficult times
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00446-00107361-00107676 Islam has saved the Muslims faith
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00447-00107677-00107883 culture and historical traditions are
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00448-00107883-00108503 more important than patriotism
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00449-00108504-00109043 topic see also
+2Uw-NHC5kkc-00450-00109044-00109612 Islam in India Islam in Pakistan
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00000-00000071-00000231 my name is barry grave i'm a professor
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00001-00000231-00000471 here at the ford school and director of
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00002-00000472-00000759 the center for local state policy which
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00003-00000760-00001119 is just delighted to host today's event
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00004-00001120-00001350 uh this event directly links to
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00005-00001351-00001543 close-ups energy
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00006-00001544-00001759 policy initiative which is interested in
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00007-00001760-00001934 a range of issues at the intersection of
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00008-00001935-00002151 energy development and environmental
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00009-00002152-00002399 protection including failure including
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00010-00002400-00002495 fracking
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00011-00002496-00002791 um this is a special edition of a public
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00012-00002792-00003079 event for us and that not only is this
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00013-00003080-00003295 alternative to the general community we
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00014-00003296-00003470 have so many folks with us today but
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00015-00003471-00003703 it's also very closely linked to a major
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00016-00003704-00003959 teaching initiative in the ford school
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00017-00003960-00004199 namely professor paul karan's
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00018-00004200-00004463 public policy 201 class thinking
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00019-00004464-00004638 analytically about the problems of the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00020-00004639-00004895 day which is paul's
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00021-00004896-00005151 brain child id way to bring
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00022-00005152-00005383 public policy questions to michigan
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00023-00005384-00005679 undergraduates in a very very unique way
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00024-00005680-00005911 so this is actually part of the module
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00025-00005912-00006086 in paul's class and we're delighted to
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00026-00006087-00006311 have so many of the students from 201
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00027-00006312-00006439 with us this morning as we've been
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00028-00006440-00006687 talking about issues of disclosure
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00029-00006688-00007023 environmental protection energy and even
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00030-00007023-00007375 shale so we link those two together
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00031-00007376-00007678 the question of disclosing information
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00032-00007679-00007870 to the general citizenry
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00033-00007872-00008103 is an enduring question
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00034-00008104-00008263 in political systems like the united
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00035-00008264-00008567 states but really around the world
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00036-00008568-00008814 this comes up in almost every arena of
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00037-00008815-00009055 public policy almost every area that the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00038-00009056-00009295 ford school faculty and students engage
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00039-00009296-00009367 in
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00040-00009368-00009599 this question of information disclosure
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00041-00009600-00009759 access to information how you present
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00042-00009760-00009967 that information what information is not
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00043-00009968-00010246 disclosed is a millennial issue in
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00044-00010247-00010359 question
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00045-00010360-00010606 perhaps nowhere is that issue as
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00046-00010607-00010838 sensitive and conflictual or potentially
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00047-00010839-00010959 conflictual
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00048-00010960-00011159 as in issues of energy
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00049-00011160-00011383 and environment and so this gives us a
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00050-00011384-00011551 very interesting opportunity to think
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00051-00011552-00011799 about this intersection in some very
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00052-00011800-00012014 creative ways let me introduce the folks
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00053-00012015-00012142 who are going to be speaking today in
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00054-00012143-00012335 reverse order that you'll be hearing
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00055-00012336-00012574 from them we hope to have time to open
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00056-00012575-00012799 up q a to a larger audience but we have
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00057-00012800-00013015 a large agenda today so we actually have
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00058-00013016-00013255 an expert panel of questioners and i'm
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00059-00013256-00013519 delighted to welcome sarah gossman from
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00060-00013519-00013647 who came across the way from the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00061-00013647-00013838 university of michigan law school
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00062-00013840-00014022 sarah took a lead role at some of the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00063-00014023-00014238 great work that the graham institute has
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00064-00014240-00014519 done on the issues of shale gas and
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00065-00014519-00014735 hydraulic fracturing in michigan wrote
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00066-00014736-00014943 one of the technical reports that was
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00067-00014944-00015119 submitted to the state the deal is
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00068-00015119-00015303 actually with disclosure issues
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00069-00015304-00015535 extensively she will be raising a
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00070-00015536-00015758 question in q a i've already introduced
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00071-00015759-00016007 uh paul curran a member of the faculty
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00072-00016008-00016215 here and holder of many current and
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00073-00016216-00016358 former administrative roles at the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00074-00016359-00016575 university uh and always a thoughtful
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00075-00016576-00016822 commentator and delight to have both
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00076-00016823-00017015 cassie brown and colleen campbell who
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00077-00017016-00017271 have been the gsis for this course all
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00078-00017272-00017422 will have an opportunity to ask
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00079-00017423-00017686 questions at the very end of our event
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00080-00017687-00017871 then if we have time we will open things
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00081-00017872-00017983 up
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00082-00017984-00018150 with that let me turn to our two
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00083-00018151-00018439 speakers and two main topics we're
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00084-00018440-00018663 really interested in doing here is
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00085-00018664-00018967 looking at the larger experience with
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00086-00018968-00019222 information disclosure programs in the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00087-00019223-00019511 environmental protection arena
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00088-00019512-00019694 what is the history what are the lessons
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00089-00019695-00019927 and when you have that conversation you
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00090-00019928-00020158 often turn to the one
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00091-00020159-00020391 dominant program the toxics release
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00092-00020392-00020567 inventory of the federal government a
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00093-00020568-00020735 program that's been in place now for
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00094-00020736-00020911 over a quarter of a century although
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00095-00020912-00021014 it's modeled heavily on the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00096-00021015-00021191 experimentation underway in a number of
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00097-00021192-00021486 states prior to that time the tri has
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00098-00021487-00021686 been used extensively has been studied
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00099-00021687-00021903 extensively but we're very pleased today
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00100-00021904-00022150 to have the author of the leading
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00101-00022151-00022383 political science interpretation of of
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00102-00022384-00022583 that that book before i say a few more
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00103-00022584-00022814 words about my craft i want to also
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00104-00022815-00023022 welcome chris borick
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00105-00023023-00023207 chris is a wonderful partner for a
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00106-00023208-00023430 close-up in every possible way as many
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00107-00023431-00023607 of you know close-up has expanded its
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00108-00023608-00023814 survey research into issues of energy
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00109-00023815-00023958 and environmental protection
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00110-00023959-00024127 particularly with a focus on the role of
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00111-00024128-00024358 state and local governments chris
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00112-00024359-00024583 directs an extraordinary institute a
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00113-00024584-00024799 student-run institute at muhlenberg
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00114-00024800-00025014 college in allentown pennsylvania that
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00115-00025015-00025207 does extraordinary work in public
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00116-00025208-00025447 opinion even holds a very very high nate
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00117-00025448-00025614 silver ranking
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00118-00025616-00025862 so you know he's the real deal uh and is
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00119-00025863-00025974 partnering with
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00120-00025975-00026206 us with a whole range of issues and
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00121-00026207-00026407 questions chris will actually follow
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00122-00026408-00026655 mike and provide a bit of input that we
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00123-00026656-00026807 have been able to discern thus far
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00124-00026808-00026943 through some of our work
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00125-00026944-00027127 related to public opinion on the issue
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00126-00027127-00027374 of shale gas fracking and questions of
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00127-00027375-00027631 disclosure but he will follow my craft
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00128-00027632-00027839 and it's a real pleasure to welcome
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00129-00027839-00028095 mike here mike is the herbert fisk
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00130-00028095-00028302 johnson professor of political science
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00131-00028304-00028470 and public affairs emeritus at the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00132-00028472-00028695 university of wisconsin green bay i do
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00133-00028695-00028967 not want to repeat that sentence again
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00134-00028968-00029111 for many years
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00135-00029112-00029383 mike has really played a
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00136-00029383-00029527 central role
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00137-00029527-00029743 in bringing the tools of the discipline
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00138-00029744-00029918 of political science to a range of
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00139-00029919-00030151 environmental policy issues he is the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00140-00030152-00030414 author and editor of the two premier
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00141-00030416-00030655 textbooks on environmental politics and
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00142-00030656-00030862 policy which have been frequently
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00143-00030863-00031087 routinely used in both undergraduate and
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00144-00031088-00031327 graduate courses on this campus
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00145-00031327-00031495 and campuses really all around the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00146-00031495-00031670 united states
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00147-00031672-00031927 has worked extensively in a range of
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00148-00031927-00032174 areas and with a pair of colleagues mark
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00149-00032175-00032439 stefan and troy abel produced an
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00150-00032439-00032735 extraordinary book called coming clean
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00151-00032736-00032927 information disclosure in environmental
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00152-00032928-00033223 protection published by mit press just
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00153-00033224-00033502 about a year and a half or two years ago
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00154-00033503-00033655 this book has already received the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00155-00033656-00033862 linton keith caldwell award from the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00156-00033863-00034111 american political science association
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00157-00034112-00034390 it is the highest apsa award for a book
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00158-00034391-00034615 on environmental politics and policy and
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00159-00034616-00034871 in effect tells the story of the tri the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00160-00034872-00035062 toxics release inventory but looking
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00161-00035063-00035239 very much not so much exclusively at
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00162-00035240-00035374 corporate behavioral that's a key
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00163-00035375-00035583 component in much previous research but
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00164-00035584-00035718 the governmental aspects and how
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00165-00035719-00035911 different states respond and use this
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00166-00035912-00036079 tool so we've given mike a really
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00167-00036080-00036215 interesting challenge this morning how
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00168-00036216-00036390 do you take an arena where you spent a
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00169-00036391-00036559 lot of time and spend a lot of research
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00170-00036560-00036799 looking at the tri and then
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00171-00036800-00037087 begin to apply it to a new arena
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00172-00037088-00037239 which was not really being thought of at
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00173-00037240-00037415 the time the tri was created or for most
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00174-00037416-00037623 of it being implemented namely shale gas
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00175-00037624-00037839 and hydraulic fracturing with horizontal
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00176-00037840-00037935 drilling
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00177-00037936-00038127 how do you begin to even think about
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00178-00038128-00038327 transitioning lessons from that one
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00179-00038328-00038559 experience to another or can one so
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00180-00038560-00038735 mike's presentation will focus very
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00181-00038736-00038895 heavily on the experience and lessons
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00182-00038896-00039087 from the from the tri
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00183-00039088-00039351 transition toward issues of shale gas
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00184-00039352-00039583 toward the end he'll then hand the baton
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00185-00039584-00039855 to chris borick for a deeper dive into
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00186-00039856-00039999 some of the issues of shale related to
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00187-00040000-00040215 public opinion and then we'll open it up
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00188-00040216-00040351 into q a
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00189-00040352-00040455 without
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00190-00040456-00040607 further comment please join me in
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00191-00040608-00041095 welcoming my craft
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00192-00041096-00041367 thank you
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00193-00041368-00041551 is this mike on now
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00194-00041552-00041718 well thanks very much barry for the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00195-00041719-00041846 introduction
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00196-00041847-00042055 we'll be mindful of the time and i'm
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00197-00042056-00042230 very happy to be here and to talk about
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00198-00042231-00042343 the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00199-00042344-00042558 the tri um we're not going to cover
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00200-00042559-00042767 everything in the book it's about a
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00201-00042768-00042951 280 page
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00202-00042952-00043111 book i've got 40 minutes to take you
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00203-00043112-00043302 through
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00204-00043303-00043567 a lot of material so let's
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00205-00043568-00043774 start the outline aside from the title i
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00206-00043775-00043871 didn't mean to put the title on the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00207-00043872-00043999 outline
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00208-00044000-00044087 so i'll give you a little bit of
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00209-00044088-00044239 background i think many of you already
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00210-00044240-00044430 have studied natural gas fracking we'll
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00211-00044431-00044727 be very brief on that as to why
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00212-00044728-00044879 why this has become an important issue
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00213-00044880-00045135 and the role of information disclosure
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00214-00045136-00045302 and i just say right out i don't think
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00215-00045303-00045462 merely disclosing
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00216-00045463-00045639 chemical information about fracking is
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00217-00045640-00045823 going to accomplish very much at all as
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00218-00045824-00045999 you will see turn on
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00219-00046000-00046223 how you design a disclosure policy what
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00220-00046224-00046455 you release how it's interpreted and how
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00221-00046456-00046607 much the public can understand there's a
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00222-00046608-00046790 lot of misconception about
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00223-00046791-00046983 the tri program which we'll go into as i
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00224-00046984-00047239 review the history of that a bit so i'll
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00225-00047240-00047358 present as barry said some of the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00226-00047359-00047558 findings from the coming clean book
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00227-00047559-00047751 but also to try to draw that out a bit
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00228-00047752-00047879 some of the findings are pretty
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00229-00047880-00048055 technical and it did supply their i
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00230-00048056-00048262 think they're about 31 or 32 slides here
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00231-00048263-00048486 we'll skip over some of them
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00232-00048487-00048679 but the the full presentation is
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00233-00048680-00048862 available for those who want it i guess
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00234-00048863-00049023 it's been posted already on a site that
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00235-00049024-00049311 you can access so
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00236-00049312-00049518 what's written is interesting about the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00237-00049519-00049686 uh tracking issue it's developed very
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00238-00049687-00049927 rapidly this is unlike many other
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00239-00049928-00050095 industries and of course this is part of
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00240-00050096-00050343 the larger context of uh energy concern
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00241-00050344-00050615 environmental concerns united states has
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00242-00050616-00050815 moved remarkably fast to developing
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00243-00050816-00051007 domestic sources of oil and gas that has
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00244-00051008-00051135 greatly reduced our dependence on
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00245-00051136-00051446 foreign oil that's the energy security
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00246-00051447-00051630 aspect energy independence as we used to
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00247-00051632-00051882 see back in the ford and the gerald ford
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00248-00051883-00052102 school uh we talked a lot about energy
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00249-00052103-00052302 independence and and the reality is it
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00250-00052303-00052542 kept uh the reliance on imported oil
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00251-00052544-00052711 kept going up every year and only under
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00252-00052712-00052871 barack obama has it actually declined
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00253-00052872-00053087 from about 60 to 40 percent that's
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00254-00053088-00053199 because of
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00255-00053200-00053711 of uh a fracking in part um
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00256-00053712-00054063 the other interesting thing about
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00257-00054064-00054311 fracking activities on a policy and is
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00258-00054312-00054438 it's been mostly at the state level
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00259-00054439-00054582 that's because congress and its wisdom
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00260-00054583-00054775 pretty much excluded federal
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00261-00054776-00054966 regulations so it's been left up to the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00262-00054967-00055094 states the states
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00263-00055095-00055271 have taken
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00264-00055272-00055447 quite a varied response but generally
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00265-00055448-00055607 been friendly to the fracking industry
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00266-00055608-00055775 because it's producing energy at low
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00267-00055776-00055863 cost
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00268-00055864-00056054 and creating jobs
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00269-00056055-00056254 and and only more recently i keep
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00270-00056255-00056463 hitting the wrong button here have uh
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00271-00056464-00056647 environmental groups have been calling
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00272-00056648-00056854 for a ban uh more and more it seems in
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00273-00056855-00057023 the in the past year
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00274-00057024-00057142 uh but
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00275-00057144-00057335 natural gas production has soared prices
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00276-00057336-00057503 have declined
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00277-00057504-00057663 that's made a big difference to a lot of
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00278-00057664-00057847 industries it's a reason why many coal
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00279-00057848-00058047 fire power plants are not protesting
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00280-00058048-00058207 even more because they're switching over
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00281-00058208-00058342 to natural gas
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00282-00058344-00058494 in the state of wisconsin and one other
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00283-00058495-00058679 state nuclear power plants have shut
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00284-00058679-00058935 down saying the main reason for doing
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00285-00058936-00059199 that is they can't be competitive with
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00286-00059200-00059399 natural gas fired plants some may view
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00287-00059400-00059575 that as a good thing and some
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00288-00059576-00059679 not
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00289-00059679-00059935 and like you know reviewing any energy
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00290-00059936-00060079 source is problematic because there are
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00291-00060079-00060254 multiple criteria you have to take into
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00292-00060255-00060399 account one obviously is cost and
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00293-00060400-00060566 efficiency and sometimes that's the only
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00294-00060567-00060719 consideration
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00295-00060720-00060830 what we're talking about today is the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00296-00060832-00061071 environmental and health impacts
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00297-00061072-00061335 and every energy source has some even
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00298-00061336-00061479 putting solar
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00299-00061479-00061703 panels in the southwest desert you know
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00300-00061704-00061823 are environmental groups concerned about
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00301-00061824-00062054 the desert tortoise so there's no being
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00302-00062055-00062382 no completely benign source of energy
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00303-00062383-00062599 and we're concerned
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00304-00062600-00062766 as they say about energy security as
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00305-00062767-00062887 well
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00306-00062888-00063142 mostly we're focusing today and the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00307-00063144-00063319 importance of the tri here is on the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00308-00063320-00063454 health and environmental effects of
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00309-00063455-00063687 using natural gas and i'm going to talk
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00310-00063688-00063823 about methane leakage but some people
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00311-00063824-00063942 are actually more worried about that
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00312-00063944-00064094 than they are about fracking chemicals
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00313-00064095-00064254 and that's because natural gas is
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00314-00064255-00064471 appealing because it has fewer
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00315-00064472-00064719 greenhouse gas emissions than coal the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00316-00064720-00064919 problem is if you have only a little bit
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00317-00064920-00065063 of methane leakage it wipes out the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00318-00065064-00065238 difference between natural gas and coal
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00319-00065239-00065447 so it really becomes important and aside
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00320-00065448-00065631 from information disclosure regulation
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00321-00065632-00065838 of natural gas could mean tighter
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00322-00065839-00066094 pipelines that don't leak and more care
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00323-00066095-00066182 but
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00324-00066183-00066382 as far as i can tell nobody really knows
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00325-00066383-00066526 how much methane is leaking because we
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00326-00066527-00066703 haven't studied it carefully and that's
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00327-00066704-00066871 something that's very important mostly
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00328-00066872-00067087 the concern is the effect on water
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00329-00067088-00067263 quality and that's the concern of the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00330-00067264-00067423 chemicals that are injected i think most
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00331-00067424-00067591 of you know it's combination of sand
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00332-00067592-00067775 some of which comes from wisconsin when
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00333-00067776-00067935 we mine that sand
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00334-00067936-00068182 sand and water and chemicals
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00335-00068183-00068350 mixture chemicals some of which we know
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00336-00068351-00068526 about some of which the companies that
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00337-00068527-00068671 drill for oil and gas don't like to
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00338-00068672-00068806 disclose because they claim that would
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00339-00068807-00068982 be an unfair advantage to their
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00340-00068983-00069206 competitors
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00341-00069207-00069359 and we're talking about especially the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00342-00069360-00069543 impact of the for the fracking chemicals
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00343-00069544-00069687 on health presumably they would be
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00344-00069688-00069943 transported by a drinking water or
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00345-00069944-00070111 surface water that would somehow affect
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00346-00070112-00070335 people and what does this have to do
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00347-00070336-00070479 with information disclosure because
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00348-00070480-00070687 people are attracted to this notion that
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00349-00070688-00070871 we have a right to know about chemicals
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00350-00070872-00071031 in the environment that could adversely
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00351-00071032-00071199 effective it's pretty simple principle
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00352-00071200-00071423 kind of rooted in ethics
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00353-00071424-00071575 and has a long tradition as barry said
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00354-00071576-00071703 at the state level as well as at the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00355-00071704-00071838 federal level
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00356-00071839-00072119 in many uh areas
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00357-00072120-00072303 so it's been widely used and by the way
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00358-00072304-00072471 i would draw this distinction as we do
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00359-00072472-00072703 in the book information disclosure is
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00360-00072704-00072926 not the same as
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00361-00072927-00073103 releasing information because typically
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00362-00073104-00073247 when you say disclosure it means
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00363-00073248-00073491 mandatory disclosure it's still a
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00364-00073492-00073782 non-regulatory policy but merely
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00365-00073783-00074038 releasing information voluntarily is not
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00366-00074039-00074199 the same as information disclosure
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00367-00074200-00074471 that's compelled by law it's widely used
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00368-00074472-00074647 food labels
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00369-00074648-00074935 drug safety drinking water quality
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00370-00074936-00075087 one of the earliest efforts actually
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00371-00075088-00075247 campaign finance we may not think of it
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00372-00075248-00075406 that way campaign finance is basically a
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00373-00075407-00075550 disclosure policy there's very little
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00374-00075551-00075775 regulation especially these days is that
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00375-00075776-00075950 you can find out who is contributing
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00376-00075951-00076047 unless of course to one of the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00377-00076048-00076247 organizations that file under a certain
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00378-00076248-00076479 irs rule where you don't get the full
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00379-00076480-00076591 disclosure
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00380-00076592-00076782 so it's widely used i think it's easy to
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00381-00076783-00076982 understand there's a belief here that if
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00382-00076983-00077175 people have information they will use
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00383-00077176-00077406 the information this therefore empowers
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00384-00077407-00077526 people
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00385-00077527-00077726 and particularly for the toxic release
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00386-00077727-00077862 inventory i think there's a lot of
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00387-00077863-00078079 belief that it empowers communities to
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00388-00078080-00078343 respond to community-wide
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00389-00078344-00078482 threats
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00390-00078483-00078655 um
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00391-00078656-00078911 and uh to address some of those concerns
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00392-00078912-00079175 uh we'll draw uh from the uh the book
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00393-00079176-00079406 that i did was with troy and abel and
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00394-00079407-00079543 mark stefan
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00395-00079544-00079791 and i would say we started with
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00396-00079792-00079950 a proposition that
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00397-00079951-00080126 maybe the mechanisms through which
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00398-00080127-00080359 disclosure policies work aren't really
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00399-00080360-00080487 understood well and maybe they don't
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00400-00080488-00080703 work the way most people think they do
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00401-00080704-00080879 tri is as
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00402-00080880-00081062 very indicated the prime example at the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00403-00081063-00081238 federal level to resign relying on
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00404-00081239-00081367 information disclosure it's been in
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00405-00081368-00081494 effect now
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00406-00081495-00081743 since 1986 when sarah superfund
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00407-00081744-00081903 amendments act
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00408-00081904-00082238 was passed is widely considered to be
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00409-00082239-00082471 the leading federal non-regulatory
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00410-00082472-00082838 environmental program of this kind the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00411-00082839-00083094 law mandates annual reports this uh i
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00412-00083095-00083255 should clarify some of you know the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00413-00083256-00083415 history of this it only apply it doesn't
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00414-00083416-00083550 apply to every company it applies to
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00415-00083551-00083750 those that are above a certain threshold
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00416-00083751-00083894 that threshold is defined in terms of
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00417-00083895-00084023 the size of the company number of
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00418-00084024-00084231 employees and the pounds of chemicals
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00419-00084232-00084423 released there are about 20 000
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00420-00084424-00084575 companies that released these reports in
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00421-00084576-00084743 recent years but there are many others
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00422-00084744-00084911 that fall below the threshold in our
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00423-00084912-00085071 study we actually found interestingly
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00424-00085072-00085303 companies knew where that threshold was
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00425-00085304-00085535 they would try to get just under it so
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00426-00085536-00085679 they didn't have to file the paperwork
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00427-00085680-00085871 so you're not getting everything you're
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00428-00085872-00086006 getting only those companies that
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00429-00086007-00086191 because of their size and production
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00430-00086192-00086462 levels
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00431-00086463-00086623 exceed those limits
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00432-00086624-00086767 in the most recent years it's about
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00433-00086768-00086943 twenty thousand twenty one thousand
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00434-00086944-00087087 companies there's a vast amount of
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00435-00087088-00087294 information there
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00436-00087295-00087479 what i tried to underscore and the and
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00437-00087480-00087726 the slides will go through is that tri
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00438-00087727-00087903 is widely considered to be
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00439-00087904-00088126 effective and widely considered to be
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00440-00088127-00088311 doing what it was designed to do to
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00441-00088312-00088438 inform the public
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00442-00088439-00088582 and the evidence cited is that the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00443-00088583-00088767 release of toxic chemicals has declined
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00444-00088768-00089047 precipitously since the beginning since
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00445-00089048-00089279 that first report in 1988 the number
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00446-00089280-00089503 widely cited is from 1988 to about the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00447-00089504-00089838 year we finished the work from the book
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00448-00089839-00090087 about 2007 or so the decline was about
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00449-00090088-00090399 61 percent okay with a caveat
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00450-00090400-00090567 it's hard to measure over time because
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00451-00090568-00090887 the tri chemical this keeps changing
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00452-00090888-00091126 it's up to over 650 now but the track
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00453-00091127-00091294 over time you obviously can't include
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00454-00091295-00091438 those that weren't on the list to begin
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00455-00091439-00091638 with so you have to only track core
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00456-00091639-00091903 chemicals so core chemicals about 286 of
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00457-00091904-00092118 them have declined
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00458-00092119-00092262 but we really can't speak to the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00459-00092263-00092438 historical change for other chemicals
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00460-00092439-00092599 and i looked just last week again at the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00461-00092600-00092815 latest trr report they're no longer even
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00462-00092816-00093038 providing the historical
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00463-00093039-00093231 change so i i can't tell whether we're
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00464-00093232-00093518 getting better or worse they have a a
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00465-00093519-00093679 period i'll show you more recently but
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00466-00093680-00093903 they don't any longer go back to 88
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00467-00093904-00094231 which they did just a few years ago
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00468-00094232-00094399 so what we asked about because this is
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00469-00094400-00094567 what intrigued us
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00470-00094568-00094706 why should a program that is
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00471-00094707-00094894 non-regulatory achieve the kind of
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00472-00094895-00095182 effects that it does and i think this
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00473-00095183-00095406 leads us to believe
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00474-00095407-00095574 there must be some mechanism by which if
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00475-00095575-00095774 a company releases information this
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00476-00095775-00096023 changes their behavior in some
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00477-00096024-00096118 way
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00478-00096119-00096462 i guess i had that on a later slide
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00479-00096463-00096671 and so let me come back to that
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00480-00096672-00096831 the assumption is releasing information
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00481-00096832-00097006 will change the way people think and the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00482-00097007-00097238 way communities respond but also does
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00483-00097239-00097447 something within the corporation because
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00484-00097448-00097623 once they know gosh now everybody can
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00485-00097624-00097855 see what we're doing we better not do
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00486-00097856-00098006 something wrong
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00487-00098007-00098167 and i think there's an assumption this
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00488-00098168-00098311 isn't this is you've changed the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00489-00098312-00098582 internal motivation for production
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00490-00098583-00098799 even if the community doesn't respond to
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00491-00098800-00098982 the information that internal change is
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00492-00098983-00099182 taking place and i guess the same is
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00493-00099183-00099399 expected to be true of fracking if this
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00494-00099400-00099606 if you have to disclose maybe you don't
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00495-00099607-00099743 want to do things you'd be embarrassed
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00496-00099744-00099911 to disclose
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00497-00099912-00100118 in fact the tri's been described by one
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00498-00100119-00100294 of my colleagues wrote an article on it
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00499-00100295-00100535 called regulation by embarrassment
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00500-00100536-00100711 it's technically non-regulatory but
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00501-00100712-00100862 there's the embarrassment factor you
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00502-00100863-00101006 want you don't want to be ashamed of
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00503-00101007-00101191 doing something the community especially
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00504-00101192-00101335 the local community is going to blame
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00505-00101336-00101494 you for
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00506-00101495-00101574 so
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00507-00101575-00101774 why not just have regulatory policies
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00508-00101775-00101950 and i think that the backdrop to looking
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00509-00101951-00102167 at disclosure is disclosure is called a
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00510-00102168-00102359 non-regulatory response regulation
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00511-00102360-00102575 meaning we'd have a u.s epa or
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00512-00102576-00102799 department of environmental protection
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00513-00102800-00102975 that would set standards
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00514-00102976-00103199 and you'd hire staff to enforce the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00515-00103200-00103375 standards and companies that violate the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00516-00103376-00103534 standards would be subject to some legal
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00517-00103535-00103878 sanctions
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00518-00103879-00104094 regulation is pretty complicated as dan
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00519-00104095-00104318 fiorino puts it in his book from 2006
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00520-00104319-00104478 and we have an elaborate system of
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00521-00104479-00104718 reporting inspections and penalties to
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00522-00104719-00105039 make people follow the rules
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00523-00105040-00105183 corporations like people don't really
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00524-00105183-00105415 like rules they they don't want somebody
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00525-00105416-00105607 telling them how to run their business
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00526-00105608-00105799 and regulation has been gone through
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00527-00105800-00106102 several phases of change in the last 30
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00528-00106103-00106223 years
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00529-00106224-00106358 uh
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00530-00106359-00106478 part
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00531-00106479-00106743 come back to that but uh they're very
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00532-00106744-00106902 large number of facilities in this you
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00533-00106903-00107086 know a big country so a lot of
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00534-00107088-00107310 facilities one reason regulation can't
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00535-00107311-00107471 work is you can't hire enough people and
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00536-00107472-00107631 have enough agencies spending enough
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00537-00107632-00107886 money to regulate everybody
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00538-00107888-00108047 my students were often surprised to hear
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00539-00108048-00108215 that most companies are not inspected
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00540-00108216-00108439 not only weekly or monthly not even
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00541-00108440-00108639 annually some go years and years without
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00542-00108640-00108807 a single inspection
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00543-00108808-00109007 so the information that's released
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00544-00109008-00109286 particularly in a tri type program is
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00545-00109288-00109631 information the company releases
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00546-00109632-00109727 uh
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00547-00109728-00109975 on its own volition more or less and it
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00548-00109976-00110254 it chooses how to uh compile the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00549-00110255-00110375 information
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00550-00110376-00110599 but regulation is less gonna put
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00551-00110600-00110783 regulation is less regulatory than it
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00552-00110783-00111031 seems because the the notion that a
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00553-00111032-00111286 monitor or a regulator is looking over
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00554-00111288-00111495 the shoulders of corporate executive 24
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00555-00111496-00111719 hours a day is clearly not it may work
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00556-00111720-00111886 in meat packing and
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00557-00111888-00112078 and some pharmaceutical companies this
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00558-00112079-00112239 is not the way it works in environmental
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00559-00112240-00112502 protection companies are pretty much
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00560-00112503-00112734 implementing policies on a voluntary
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00561-00112735-00112847 basis
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00562-00112848-00113007 with occasional inspections and
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00563-00113008-00113231 penalties imposed
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00564-00113232-00113439 but we also have a political reaction
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00565-00113440-00113831 regulation which is heavily criticized
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00566-00113832-00113975 uh particularly of course by those who
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00567-00113976-00114110 are more conservative who don't like
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00568-00114111-00114295 government regulation and
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00569-00114296-00114471 spending and don't like private
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00570-00114472-00114719 decision-making incorporations
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00571-00114720-00114951 imposed but it's criticized also because
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00572-00114952-00115119 invariably it's bureaucratic you have to
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00573-00115120-00115399 set up a u.s epa epa has about 17 000
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00574-00115400-00115527 employees
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00575-00115528-00115719 state agencies that
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00576-00115720-00115863 even though i would argue it's not
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00577-00115864-00116047 nearly enough it makes it the largest
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00578-00116048-00116254 federal regulatory agency so it's the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00579-00116255-00116495 subject of frequent criticism it's
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00580-00116496-00116719 prescriptive as i was saying agencies by
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00581-00116720-00116847 definition are setting rules and
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00582-00116848-00117047 regulations and enforcing them that
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00583-00117048-00117286 means companies and individuals can't do
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00584-00117288-00117486 what they might prefer to do
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00585-00117488-00117766 in the u.s system
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00586-00117767-00117966 this is a kind of long-standing tends to
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00587-00117967-00118175 be adversarial by its nature again
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00588-00118176-00118271 people
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00589-00118272-00118502 fight the rules they may sue the epa
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00590-00118503-00118678 when the agency finally develops its
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00591-00118679-00118839 greenhouse gas regulations for
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00592-00118840-00119031 coal-fired power plants
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00593-00119032-00119223 i guess i put the probability that
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00594-00119224-00119375 somewhere near 100 percent they're going
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00595-00119376-00119615 to go to court for years to defend it no
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00596-00119616-00119807 matter how carefully they develop it
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00597-00119808-00120031 that's the adversarial system
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00598-00120032-00120295 it's also fragmented the epa works with
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00599-00120296-00120527 the states in enforcing laws most of the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00600-00120528-00120678 day-to-day regulation is done at the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00601-00120679-00120847 state level with federal oversight it's
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00602-00120848-00121047 highly varied across the states very
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00603-00121048-00121239 business nationally recognized student
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00604-00121240-00121431 to that phenomenon so
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00605-00121432-00121686 it's it's not a not as uniform and
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00606-00121688-00121958 hierarchical a system as you might think
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00607-00121959-00122078 and then economists have other
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00608-00122079-00122327 criticisms it's inefficient that you
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00609-00122328-00122471 companies are spending much more money
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00610-00122472-00122623 than they need to
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00611-00122624-00123095 if we could impose some kind of economic
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00612-00123096-00123334 device if we could have economic
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00613-00123335-00123534 incentives and disincentive market-based
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00614-00123535-00123647 approaches
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00615-00123648-00123807 they argue that would be more efficient
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00616-00123808-00123966 and to some extent i think they would
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00617-00123967-00124102 say it would be more effective because
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00618-00124103-00124286 you get away from relying on this
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00619-00124288-00124519 cumbersome system of regulation
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00620-00124520-00124702 now what's interesting is most of the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00621-00124703-00124886 environmental laws we have date back to
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00622-00124888-00125095 the early to mid 1970s virtually all the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00623-00125096-00125254 major environmental protection statutes
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00624-00125255-00125534 were enacted between 1970 and 1976.
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00625-00125535-00125719 there have been amendments since then
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00626-00125720-00125839 none of which has been all that
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00627-00125840-00125966 significant
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00628-00125967-00126334 despite all the criticism from 1970 to
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00629-00126335-00126527 the president especially the from the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00630-00126528-00126727 reagan 80s to the president almost
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00631-00126728-00126910 nothing has changed
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00632-00126911-00127007 and if you know the way the current
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00633-00127008-00127183 congress operates i think it's safe to
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00634-00127183-00127375 say nothing's going to change
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00635-00127376-00127543 in the near term
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00636-00127544-00127678 they can't agree on a budget they can't
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00637-00127679-00127966 agree on much of anything
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00638-00127967-00128143 so political gridlock almost ensures
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00639-00128144-00128334 we're stuck with the system we have even
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00640-00128335-00128447 if
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00641-00128448-00128639 alternatives like information disclosure
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00642-00128640-00128847 or market-based approaches make more
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00643-00128848-00129247 sense
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00644-00129248-00129454 what does the outcome be outcome been
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00645-00129455-00129543 for
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00646-00129544-00129702 the regulatory system we have on air
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00647-00129703-00129871 quality water quality toxic chemicals
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00648-00129872-00130054 generally good i think we have some
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00649-00130055-00130254 pretty good data on air quality it's
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00650-00130255-00130502 definitely improved quite a bit since
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00651-00130503-00130783 1970 dramatically in some cities
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00652-00130783-00130966 the number of unhealthy
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00653-00130967-00131159 days in most major cities has declined
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00654-00131160-00131311 quite a bit water quality is a bit more
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00655-00131312-00131535 problematic but let's not dwell on that
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00656-00131536-00131766 now the problem with regulation is i
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00657-00131767-00131935 think it's it's reaching the limits of
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00658-00131936-00132078 what it can do
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00659-00132079-00132271 and there are some problems most notably
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00660-00132272-00132439 i put up here indoor air pollution and
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00661-00132440-00132607 non-point source water pollution farm
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00662-00132608-00132759 runoff urban runoff
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00663-00132760-00132975 regulations simply cannot address those
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00664-00132976-00133087 there are too many
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00665-00133088-00133287 too many sites you obviously can't
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00666-00133288-00133439 regulate every home in the country that
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00667-00133440-00133639 has radon leaking in from
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00668-00133640-00133807 from the basement so you rely on things
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00669-00133808-00133943 like information disclosure and
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00670-00133944-00134183 voluntary testing and guidelines and
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00671-00134184-00134431 education and maybe some kind of market
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00672-00134432-00134590 incentives you could make radon testing
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00673-00134591-00134735 kits free if you wanted to do it
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00674-00134736-00134887 something like that
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00675-00134888-00135063 so there's been a lot of discussion in
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00676-00135064-00135199 the last several decades about
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00677-00135200-00135390 alternatives to regulations such as
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00678-00135391-00135543 market incentives and information
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00679-00135544-00135654 disclosure
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00680-00135655-00135863 and what we decided to do was to put
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00681-00135864-00136014 this
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00682-00136015-00136239 put our study of the tri in that context
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00683-00136240-00136431 that is how can information disclosure
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00684-00136432-00136751 be assessed for its potential to do a
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00685-00136752-00136863 better job
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00686-00136864-00137102 than conventional regulation so we
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00687-00137103-00137327 selected the pre the premier federal
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00688-00137328-00137559 program the toxic release inventory as i
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00689-00137560-00137783 said it was part of the uh
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00690-00137784-00138071 the sarah superfund rewrite called the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00691-00138072-00138223 emergency planning community right to
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00692-00138224-00138478 know epcra 1986.
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00693-00138479-00138719 interestingly took the bopal chemical
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00694-00138720-00138927 accident in india which i still i
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00695-00138928-00139071 believe is still considered to be the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00696-00139072-00139247 most serious industrial accident the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00697-00139248-00139431 world has ever experienced you get
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00698-00139432-00139566 different counts of how many people were
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00699-00139567-00139727 killed in an injury but
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00700-00139728-00139990 it's very was a very severe accident and
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00701-00139991-00140247 that prompted congress to finally enact
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00702-00140248-00140414 this many states had already developed
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00703-00140415-00140678 policies of this kind
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00704-00140679-00141007 now so again the key assumption
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00705-00141008-00141159 if you release information people will
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00706-00141160-00141359 come people will find the information
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00707-00141360-00141527 pertinent they will
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00708-00141528-00141711 devour it
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00709-00141712-00141854 they will talk to their neighbors they
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00710-00141855-00142102 will they will petition companies to cut
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00711-00142103-00142295 back that was i think the assumption
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00712-00142296-00142454 because it seemed a logical assumption
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00713-00142455-00142639 if only people knew
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00714-00142640-00142799 what they were breathing and what was in
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00715-00142800-00142943 their water they would naturally not
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00716-00142944-00143287 want something adverse to continue it
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00717-00143288-00143495 makes sense it just it doesn't work like
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00718-00143496-00143751 that and i don't know that it ever did
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00719-00143752-00143959 so again i reviewed the numbers epcot
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00720-00143960-00144135 mandates annual public reports from
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00721-00144136-00144343 about 21 000 facilities currently on
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00722-00144344-00144663 over 650 chemicals
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00723-00144664-00144847 the progress on the original core
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00724-00144848-00145166 chemicals was quite substantial and the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00725-00145167-00145423 most recent report which is came out in
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00726-00145424-00145671 january of this year covers data through
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00727-00145672-00146039 2011 says another eight percent decrease
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00728-00146040-00146207 my suspicion is when nearing the end of
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00729-00146208-00146399 the decreases because i can't see you
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00730-00146400-00146495 gonna make
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00731-00146496-00146647 more progress that eight percent would
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00732-00146648-00146966 mean for all the chemicals that were i s
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00733-00146967-00147095 actually i'm not sure about that i'm
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00734-00147096-00147302 assuming they're counting
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00735-00147303-00147447 all the chemicals that were on the list
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00736-00147448-00147663 in 2003. again they're still adding
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00737-00147664-00147990 chemicals so epa for years has said epa
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00738-00147991-00148190 is a resounding success they actually
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00739-00148191-00148439 about 10 years ago in 2003 they produced
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00740-00148440-00148711 a report on how tri data are used they
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00741-00148712-00148878 had selected case studies what social
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00742-00148879-00149119 scientists call anecdotal data
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00743-00149120-00149239 and they said it was a resounding
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00744-00149240-00149390 success communities were mobilized
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00745-00149391-00149575 people took action they they got
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00746-00149576-00149726 companies that changed their behavior
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00747-00149727-00149935 and we did not find that in our study
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00748-00149936-00150199 which was a systematic nationwide study
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00749-00150200-00150407 and i don't believe epa has ever done
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00750-00150408-00150631 more than that little 2003 study to find
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00751-00150632-00150831 out how this works
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00752-00150832-00151047 there's another problem despite
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00753-00151048-00151199 rest the amount of chemicals being
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00754-00151200-00151366 released to the environment is still
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00755-00151367-00151599 prodigious you know we're a big country
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00756-00151600-00151863 got a lot of companies
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00757-00151864-00152102 it's four billion pounds a year
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00758-00152103-00152295 these are not all chemicals these are
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00759-00152296-00152614 the chemicals on the tri list
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00760-00152615-00152831 and more recently they've started some
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00761-00152832-00153023 new categories some of these were on the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00762-00153024-00153207 list but the these are overlapping
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00763-00153208-00153454 categories but the things that are more
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00764-00153455-00153663 likely to disturb people what we call
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00765-00153664-00153926 pbt chemicals persistent bioaccumulative
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00766-00153927-00154183 and toxic things like lead mercury with
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00767-00154184-00154502 neurotoxins pcbs polycyclic aromatic
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00768-00154503-00154639 compounds
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00769-00154640-00154851 and and again this is part of the larger
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00770-00154852-00155102 835 million pounds of carcinogens my
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00771-00155103-00155319 guess is if you had a trr report that
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00772-00155320-00155471 said a local company is releasing
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00773-00155472-00155631 thousands of thousands of carcinogens to
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00774-00155632-00155814 the air and you're downwind from that
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00775-00155815-00156014 company you wouldn't be happy to hear
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00776-00156015-00156102 that
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00777-00156103-00156302 uh but it's awfully hard to track
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00778-00156303-00156447 exactly what's being leased well if you
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00779-00156448-00156607 go to the tri report you will see some
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00780-00156608-00156759 nice colorful graphs that look like this
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00781-00156760-00156935 i'll go through these quickly
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00782-00156936-00157271 so there's the 4 billion pounds
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00783-00157272-00157414 i personally would be much more
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00784-00157415-00157566 concerned about the air releases than
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00785-00157567-00157702 anything else because that's what you're
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00786-00157703-00157854 breathing the water it's not clear
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00787-00157855-00158014 you're going to get exposed through the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00788-00158015-00158190 other kinds of releases
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00789-00158191-00158423 so land disposal surface water
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00790-00158424-00158614 discharges injection we have an awful
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00791-00158615-00158735 lot of injection wells around the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00792-00158736-00158878 country and that might eventually affect
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00793-00158879-00159119 groundwater but it's not supposed to
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00794-00159120-00159247 supposed to be injected in a way it
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00795-00159248-00159575 stays put if you're confident about that
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00796-00159576-00159863 so but still 20 to the air
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00797-00159864-00160063 um then there's another category called
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00798-00160064-00160295 production related waste management and
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00799-00160296-00160559 here you again see the so some
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00800-00160560-00160695 the chemical waste that's produced is
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00801-00160696-00160831 used for energy recovery someone's
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00802-00160832-00161039 recycled some is treated and this is the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00803-00161040-00161399 part that is released
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00804-00161400-00161559 and they come from
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00805-00161560-00161726 as you might expect from the major
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00806-00161727-00161887 industries in the country an awful lot
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00807-00161888-00162054 is metal mining which is added more
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00808-00162055-00162214 recently that was not on the original
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00809-00162215-00162431 tri list there's an awful lot of stuff
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00810-00162432-00162678 released from mining metals electric
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00811-00162679-00162839 utilities we'll us call fire power
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00812-00162840-00163119 plants again substantially now chemical
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00813-00163120-00163302 industry not surprising primary metals
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00814-00163303-00163439 and paper in wisconsin we've got a lot
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00815-00163440-00163590 of paper mills the biggest concentration
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00816-00163591-00163814 in the world right along the fox river
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00817-00163815-00163999 and that's of concern and then it's a
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00818-00164000-00164143 scattering of other
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00819-00164144-00164254 industries
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00820-00164255-00164407 so not all industries release it then
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00821-00164408-00164702 again if you look at so tier uh the epa
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00822-00164703-00164878 and its latest tra releases will say
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00823-00164879-00165135 well releases are down over time
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00824-00165136-00165359 you can if you look at the categories so
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00825-00165360-00165575 there's land and
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00826-00165576-00165807 and here is uh
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00827-00165808-00166039 what i'm looking for
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00828-00166040-00166214 a total offside releases land disposal
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00829-00166215-00166359 underground injection surface or air
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00830-00166360-00166559 releases yes this kind that's pretty
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00831-00166560-00166743 impressive down there some of the other
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00832-00166744-00166847 categories don't look like they
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00833-00166848-00167159 decreased all that much over time so you
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00834-00167160-00167359 when you see the total figures this
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00835-00167360-00167566 breaks it down into where has the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00836-00167567-00167735 decline been and i think it's been
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00837-00167736-00167966 substantially in releases to the air
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00838-00167967-00168175 and here you even see it ticked up a bit
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00839-00168176-00168383 recently so these are again you can find
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00840-00168384-00168526 this very easy if you download the full
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00841-00168527-00168751 tri report and they're on the slide for
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00842-00168752-00168951 you to ponder
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00843-00168952-00169135 i was particularly struck by so they
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00844-00169136-00169278 didn't used to have this in the tr
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00845-00169279-00169502 reports now they show a 50 decrease in
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00846-00169503-00169751 carcinogens in the air 2003 to 2011
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00847-00169752-00169926 there you see it
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00848-00169927-00170199 although it's still not zero
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00849-00170200-00170375 you might wonder why are companies
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00850-00170376-00170526 releasing carcinogens of the air can't
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00851-00170527-00170671 they capture this stuff before it goes
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00852-00170672-00170807 into the air and i think they would say
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00853-00170808-00171078 not easily or economically and so and
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00854-00171079-00171223 many would argue it doesn't matter
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00855-00171224-00171343 because if it goes into the air it's
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00856-00171344-00171614 widely dispersed this is the old
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00857-00171615-00171807 dilution is the solution to pollution
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00858-00171808-00172007 argument and that's true if you look at
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00859-00172008-00172135 various ways we have a measure and as
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00860-00172136-00172287 long as there's a big quantity of air
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00861-00172288-00172414 and it moves stuff around then your
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00862-00172415-00172623 actual exposure is so low
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00863-00172624-00172814 it may not be worth
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00864-00172815-00173302 removing that last bit
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00865-00173303-00173463 i'm going to talk a bit about rescue
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00866-00173464-00173654 scores now so far
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00867-00173655-00173838 and historically what people paid
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00868-00173839-00174038 attention to in tro disclosures is
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00869-00174039-00174287 pounds of chemicals released if you go
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00870-00174288-00174535 look at any given company you will see
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00871-00174536-00174751 how many tens of thousands of pounds of
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00872-00174752-00174919 some chemical you've never heard of or
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00873-00174920-00175143 maybe something like hydrochloric acid
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00874-00175144-00175302 paper companies it's hydrochloric acid
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00875-00175303-00175543 sulfuric acid
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00876-00175544-00175702 what does that mean well it's toxic
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00877-00175703-00175871 chemical by definition so it can't mean
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00878-00175872-00176078 it's good for you
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00879-00176079-00176271 is it unhealthy
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00880-00176272-00176487 in very small quantities hard to say and
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00881-00176488-00176654 large quantities probably that's why we
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00882-00176655-00176887 call them toxic
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00883-00176888-00177151 so what you want is a measure of health
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00884-00177152-00177366 impact and epa actually does have a
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00885-00177367-00177551 model it's a computer model for doing
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00886-00177552-00177631 this
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00887-00177632-00177838 it's not widely publicized it's not
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00888-00177839-00178007 easily available but now and i was
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00889-00178008-00178214 struck by this year's report that they
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00890-00178215-00178583 actually showed the rescue scores
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00891-00178584-00178831 so what does rescue russi applies to it
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00892-00178832-00178966 should be only air quality unless
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00893-00178967-00179223 they've changed since we did our study
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00894-00179224-00179375 rusty is actually a computer model that
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00895-00179376-00179526 looks at the not only the chemicals
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00896-00179527-00179711 being released but which smokestacks are
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00897-00179712-00179959 coming from where they're located
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00898-00179960-00180247 how the plume goes up and spreads
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00899-00180248-00180502 and and people who live within a certain
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00900-00180503-00180638 distance
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00901-00180639-00180959 so it calculates an exposure score not
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00902-00180960-00181151 just pounds released
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00903-00181152-00181271 you definitely want to know about
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00904-00181272-00181502 exposure because that's all the health
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00905-00181503-00181671 effects of chemicals come from exposure
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00906-00181672-00181887 not pounds of chemicals released
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00907-00181888-00182023 if the water is polluted but you don't
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00908-00182024-00182183 drink the water then it's not a health
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00909-00182184-00182278 risk
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00910-00182279-00182438 well if you may eat the fish from the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00911-00182439-00182647 river in case of wisconsin
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00912-00182648-00182814 you get it from the fact the total the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00913-00182815-00182975 pcb contamination the fox river
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00914-00182976-00183175 wisconsin comes exclusively from eating
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00915-00183176-00183375 fish in the river not from crossing the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00916-00183376-00183614 river drinking water from the river it's
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00917-00183615-00183743 too dilute
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00918-00183744-00183847 and that's you have a lot of toxic
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00919-00183848-00183990 chemicals in lake michigan it's only
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00920-00183991-00184102 when you eat the fish because it's
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00921-00184103-00184335 constant bio-concentrated as a food
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00922-00184336-00184414 chain
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00923-00184415-00184599 it's it's comforting that rusty is going
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00924-00184600-00184766 down except a little uptick there that's
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00925-00184767-00185143 not a consistent pattern
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00926-00185144-00185359 so that with that background
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00927-00185360-00185607 background to tri you can see what
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00928-00185608-00185799 intrigued us which is wait a minute okay
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00929-00185800-00185999 so the numbers have gone down over time
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00930-00186000-00186126 but why
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00931-00186127-00186335 did they go down
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00932-00186336-00186511 what mechanism would lead them to go
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00933-00186512-00186678 down that is did people get excited
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00934-00186679-00186871 about the information and petition the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00935-00186872-00187054 local companies and did local officials
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00936-00187055-00187238 get involved did the state regulatory
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00937-00187239-00187487 agencies crack down on companies
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00938-00187488-00187654 nobody really knows that as i said the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00939-00187655-00187823 epa doesn't know they just required
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00940-00187824-00187983 release of it it's a non-regulatory
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00941-00187984-00188143 program they're not required to regulate
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00942-00188144-00188326 they just require that the information
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00943-00188327-00188502 be released
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00944-00188503-00188663 so we also want to know too do the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00945-00188664-00188799 companies think this is an enormous
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00946-00188800-00189007 burden because we had a major effort
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00947-00189008-00189151 late in the bush administration a
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00948-00189152-00189423 so-called burden reduction rule
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00949-00189424-00189638 that was going to shift from the annual
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00950-00189639-00189838 reports to a biannual report and make it
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00951-00189839-00190054 a little easier on industry and that
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00952-00190055-00190207 intrigued us to companies really think
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00953-00190208-00190383 this is a burden and is it less of a
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00954-00190384-00190535 burden today than it was initially
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00955-00190536-00190711 because you kind of you get used to
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00956-00190712-00190878 filing reports after all and so you
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00957-00190879-00191023 expect this will get better over time
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00958-00191024-00191223 and that might apply to a natural gas
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00959-00191224-00191423 racket as well
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00960-00191424-00191654 so we we had a number of objectives we
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00961-00191655-00191799 wanted to know what mechanisms were play
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00962-00191800-00191983 what the facilities thought about it we
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00963-00191984-00192126 wanted to know what state and federal
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00964-00192127-00192254 officials thought about it were they
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00965-00192255-00192407 happy with the way it was going did they
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00966-00192408-00192647 see some way to improve this
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00967-00192648-00192871 and we wanted to know what lessons there
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00968-00192872-00192966 might be
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00969-00192967-00193166 for what we did when we did the study
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00970-00193167-00193295 now we might want to know are the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00971-00193296-00193487 lessons for other kinds of information
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00972-00193488-00193671 disclosure in the book we did mention
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00973-00193672-00193847 the greenhouse gas inventory report and
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00974-00193848-00194071 some others and thought well since tri's
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00975-00194072-00194207 been around the longest maybe there are
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00976-00194208-00194335 some lessons for how well apply
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00977-00194336-00194478 elsewhere
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00978-00194479-00194638 i'll skip over most of that this is the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00979-00194639-00194823 model that we use the assumption is you
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00980-00194824-00194999 start with disclosure
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00981-00195000-00195271 and our assumption is we use the word
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00982-00195272-00195478 capacity a lot that companies will have
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00983-00195479-00195638 a different capacity to compile and
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00984-00195639-00195863 release information and act on it
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00985-00195864-00196007 large and small companies for example
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00986-00196008-00196238 rich and poor companies
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00987-00196239-00196359 there may be a different reaction
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00988-00196360-00196550 economically communities and states are
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00989-00196551-00196702 going to differ a lot so we talk about
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00990-00196703-00196871 the capacity to
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00991-00196872-00197071 use information
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00992-00197072-00197271 and and then we assume this will affect
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00993-00197272-00197454 corporate decisions to for example cut
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00994-00197455-00197623 back on releases to search for
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00995-00197624-00197775 alternative chemicals that are less
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00996-00197776-00197911 toxic
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00997-00197912-00198054 find ways of altering production
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00998-00198055-00198231 processes so that
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-00999-00198232-00198399 the wastewater is not contaminated
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01000-00198400-00198607 that's actually pretty easy to do these
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01001-00198608-00198959 days so the design was a little hard to
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01002-00198960-00199214 read from
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01003-00199215-00199311 we wanted to make this pretty
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01004-00199312-00199495 comprehensive and given my limited time
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01005-00199496-00199607 i'm going to rush through a lot of this
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01006-00199608-00199750 on the findings so that we can get to
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01007-00199751-00199895 the implications for fracking and you
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01008-00199896-00200111 can read this on your own we looked at
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01009-00200112-00200295 all the tri releases for the entire
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01010-00200296-00200575 country from 91 to 2000
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01011-00200576-00200743 if someone wants to ask later i'll tell
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01012-00200744-00200919 you why those time periods but if we
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01013-00200920-00201054 thought it was more typical we didn't
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01014-00201055-00201223 want to go early on it was too early
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01015-00201224-00201550 things are not settled we didn't want to
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01016-00201551-00201847 we wanted a period that made some sense
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01017-00201848-00202023 and we look both at releases and risk
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01018-00202024-00202175 levels the risk levels as i said come
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01019-00202176-00202454 from the resi model and epa was making
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01020-00202455-00202575 that available
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01021-00202576-00202847 for those who asked for it
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01022-00202848-00203031 on a cd-rom and you could get rescue
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01023-00203032-00203207 levels for air quality releases for the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01024-00203208-00203423 whole country and then we did surveys
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01025-00203424-00203526 which
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01026-00203527-00203719 can be as of course not very time
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01027-00203720-00203959 consuming and expensive to do but we did
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01028-00203960-00204207 surveys we sent out about a foul over a
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01029-00204208-00204471 thousand surveys to
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01030-00204472-00204790 a sample uh we took very systematically
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01031-00204791-00204982 from the full universe of all companies
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01032-00204983-00205166 so we thought we're getting a random
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01033-00205167-00205334 sample of all industrial facilities in
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01034-00205335-00205471 the country
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01035-00205471-00205703 uh we got 24 return on corporate and if
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01036-00205704-00205886 you know return rate that's low but for
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01037-00205887-00206206 corporate surveys is actually not bad
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01038-00206207-00206358 corporate people don't return surveys
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01039-00206359-00206479 they think we academics are just
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01040-00206480-00206727 pestering them with useless
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01041-00206728-00206919 requests so i
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01042-00206919-00207086 that's actually about as high as i've
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01043-00207087-00207310 ever seen in a corporate survey we had
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01044-00207311-00207494 we did much better 58 for state
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01045-00207496-00207734 officials and 80 percent of the epa with
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01046-00207735-00207990 only 10 10 regions it was the lead tri
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01047-00207991-00208214 person each reason
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01048-00208215-00208446 and then we did some case studies
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01049-00208448-00208694 we did interviews with to follow up on
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01050-00208696-00208910 on this we had intended also to do
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01051-00208911-00209079 community activist interviews that part
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01052-00209080-00209206 fell apart
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01053-00209207-00209327 because we couldn't identify any
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01054-00209328-00209494 community activists
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01055-00209496-00209694 we started searching we had this plan to
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01056-00209696-00209846 search all the local newspapers around
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01057-00209848-00209998 the country we sent out inquiries to
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01058-00210000-00210134 environment who's been the leading
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01059-00210135-00210334 people on this and just nobody could
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01060-00210335-00210503 think about anybody who was an activist
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01061-00210504-00210719 on trisomy this isn't this isn't going
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01062-00210719-00210927 to work as a so we decided we would do
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01063-00210928-00211063 without that it would come up case
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01064-00211064-00211223 studies and i can tell you already as
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01065-00211223-00211439 i'll anticipate one later slide when we
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01066-00211440-00211582 ask company officials how often do you
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01067-00211583-00211751 hear from local community activists the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01068-00211752-00211903 answer pretty much is
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01069-00211904-00212039 never
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01070-00212040-00212206 that's why we had trouble locating
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01071-00212207-00212415 activists there just weren't any
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01072-00212416-00212591 that we could find
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01073-00212592-00212863 what we found is again very useful to
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01074-00212864-00213079 know because the assumption i believe is
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01075-00213080-00213287 when you talk about companies or natural
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01076-00213288-00213431 natural gas fracking operators like
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01077-00213432-00213623 they're all the same what we find is no
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01078-00213623-00213798 no they're not at all the same they're
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01079-00213800-00213975 very different
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01080-00213976-00214231 we categorized them as we
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01081-00214232-00214415 looked at their trends over time over
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01082-00214416-00214671 that 10-year period into green blue
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01083-00214671-00214839 yellow and brown
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01084-00214840-00215023 okay green are the good guys they're at
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01085-00215023-00215246 the top of the house they decreased
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01086-00215248-00215431 their releases but they also decreased
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01087-00215432-00215558 their risk
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01088-00215559-00215806 and that was 42 percent of the country
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01089-00215807-00216015 if you will out of the sample the blue
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01090-00216016-00216215 they increase their releases but they
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01091-00216216-00216351 lower their risk
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01092-00216352-00216487 i'd say how's that possible because what
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01093-00216488-00216646 the increase were less toxic chemicals
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01094-00216648-00216951 for taking toxicity into account
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01095-00216952-00217127 the yellow decreased releases but
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01096-00217128-00217375 actually went higher on the risk
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01097-00217376-00217542 and and the brown went in the wrong
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01098-00217544-00217719 direction you might say on both they
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01099-00217719-00217951 increased the releases and increased the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01100-00217952-00218167 risk okay so
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01101-00218167-00218358 let me paint this picture for you
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01102-00218359-00218631 overall we have this 61 decline in the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01103-00218632-00218798 tri emissions which makes you think the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01104-00218800-00218910 whole country is moving the right
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01105-00218911-00219094 direction but that's a mix of very
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01106-00219096-00219358 different kinds of companies
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01107-00219359-00219534 if you will to simplify this half the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01108-00219535-00219679 companies are getting better and half
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01109-00219680-00219806 are getting worse
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01110-00219807-00219942 but the ones that are getting better had
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01111-00219944-00220191 the bigger decreases and so t epa can
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01112-00220192-00220391 say we have this impressive decline over
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01113-00220392-00220598 time i look at it and say you still got
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01114-00220600-00220791 a problem you got a whole bunch of
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01115-00220792-00220894 companies are going in the wrong
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01116-00220896-00221087 direction so what can you do to turn
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01117-00221088-00221327 them around what do they need
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01118-00221328-00221487 do they need regulation do they need
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01119-00221488-00221894 technical assistance economic assistance
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01120-00221896-00221967 but
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01121-00221967-00222127 part of the logic of the book we have a
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01122-00222128-00222382 chapter on uh on leaders and a chapter
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01123-00222383-00222487 and
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01124-00222488-00222694 lagers we thought oh this is neat we're
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01125-00222696-00222871 going to find out the variables that
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01126-00222871-00223046 make leaders leaders and the variables
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01127-00223048-00223127 that make
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01128-00223128-00223439 layers didn't work we could not identify
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01129-00223440-00223646 a cluster of variables that
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01130-00223648-00223782 for those are no statistics so we just
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01131-00223783-00223998 couldn't get the r squared
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01132-00224000-00224239 there was no obvious explanation for why
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01133-00224240-00224415 there was the difference between the two
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01134-00224416-00224510 um
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01135-00224511-00224727 and and that we ended by saying somebody
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01136-00224728-00224871 else can do this in the future to figure
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01137-00224871-00225079 out why there's that difference
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01138-00225080-00225287 and you will see that on this
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01139-00225288-00225575 as well so here's these
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01140-00225576-00225751 safer riskier
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01141-00225752-00225975 increasing decreasing
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01142-00225976-00226182 so you can substitute chemicals you can
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01143-00226183-00226623 change pollution control equipment and
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01144-00226623-00226887 i think the lesson here is don't think
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01145-00226888-00227127 uniformity of companies think
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01146-00227128-00227479 typologies think different capacities to
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01147-00227480-00227703 use information and make progress
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01148-00227704-00227855 and here you can see it shows up here
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01149-00227856-00227982 when we asked
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01150-00227983-00228158 about environmental expertise and of
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01151-00228159-00228294 course we're dealing we're not dealing
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01152-00228296-00228471 with ceos and we're dealing with the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01153-00228471-00228631 people who actually filed the tri
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01154-00228632-00228831 reports that was our audience but we
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01155-00228832-00228967 assumed they were sort of speaking for
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01156-00228967-00229127 the company and when we did our
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01157-00229128-00229342 follow-up interviews we often
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01158-00229344-00229510 got
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01159-00229511-00229703 a sense of that that people would if it
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01160-00229704-00229823 was accompanying like you know
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01161-00229823-00229967 troubleman procter and gamma which has
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01162-00229967-00230158 agreement procter gamble is one of those
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01163-00230159-00230294 companies its headquarters makes
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01164-00230296-00230494 decisions and that means cincinnati i
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01165-00230496-00230598 think it is
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01166-00230600-00230910 so you have a lot of local offices of
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01167-00230911-00231142 national corporations and sometimes the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01168-00231144-00231303 local offices are making the decision
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01169-00231304-00231534 sometimes it's corporate that makes the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01170-00231535-00231758 decision
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01171-00231759-00231958 and we found differences and some were
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01172-00231959-00232175 iso certified these are international
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01173-00232176-00232358 standards organization for setting
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01174-00232359-00232631 management and environmental standards
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01175-00232632-00232798 some yes some not
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01176-00232800-00233023 and and those that not weren't even
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01177-00233023-00233182 seeking to be certified these i should
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01178-00233183-00233310 say are mostly smaller companies
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01179-00233311-00233455 certifications are very expensive
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01180-00233456-00233631 process so they they weren't about to do
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01181-00233632-00233719 that
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01182-00233719-00233894 some had an environmental management
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01183-00233896-00234198 system about 41 did not
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01184-00234200-00234575 uh some tri contact people were
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01185-00234576-00234751 sort of professionals in their field
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01186-00234752-00234919 others were not some companies
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01187-00234919-00235094 intentionally rotated the position among
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01188-00235096-00235287 their staff others kept the same person
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01189-00235288-00235455 in for long periods of time
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01190-00235456-00235639 so for fracking i think they're again
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01191-00235640-00235823 there are bigger companies and with you
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01192-00235823-00235982 know centralized corporate headquarters
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01193-00235983-00236119 making the decisions and smaller
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01194-00236119-00236271 companies
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01195-00236271-00236439 there's a lot of actual a lot of
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01196-00236440-00236582 fracking that barry and i were talking
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01197-00236583-00236710 about this morning there are tens of
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01198-00236711-00236991 thousands of sites in each state i mean
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01199-00236992-00237175 there's a huge number of fracking
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01200-00237176-00237334 operations don't assume they're all the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01201-00237335-00237439 same
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01202-00237440-00237582 you know they can have quite different
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01203-00237583-00237806 corporate motivations
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01204-00237807-00237975 and and smaller companies tend to be
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01205-00237976-00238119 much more worried about burdens and
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01206-00238119-00238334 costs i got on the phone to one when we
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01207-00238335-00238494 couldn't get our questionnaire returned
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01208-00238496-00238687 and i said so can you tell me something
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01209-00238688-00238806 about that yeah well there are only
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01210-00238807-00239015 three of us here so
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01211-00239016-00239198 if your images this is a corporation
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01212-00239200-00239327 they must have tens of thousands
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01213-00239328-00239519 employees yes some of them and others
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01214-00239519-00239679 are no they're really really small
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01215-00239680-00239887 operations
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01216-00239888-00240015 oh and i didn't even mention something
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01217-00240016-00240271 else i should the decline over time we
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01218-00240271-00240446 could never resolve whether this was
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01219-00240448-00240655 because some companies that were big
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01220-00240656-00240942 releasers had closed operations here and
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01221-00240944-00241310 shipped them to china or india or mexico
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01222-00241311-00241471 we got a hint of that but we just
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01223-00241471-00241646 couldn't quite
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01224-00241648-00241775 resolve that
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01225-00241776-00241894 but it came up in some of these
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01226-00241896-00242119 interviews with small companies that oh
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01227-00242119-00242263 we said gee
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01228-00242264-00242398 you're not filing the reports anymore
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01229-00242400-00242542 they say that's because we stopped
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01230-00242544-00242710 manufacturing
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01231-00242711-00242919 it's in china now
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01232-00242919-00243134 so what looks like an improvement in
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01233-00243135-00243319 operations may be
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01234-00243319-00243527 shipping it abroad that is shipping the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01235-00243528-00243687 pollution to other countries and it's
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01236-00243688-00244023 hard to resolve that
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01237-00244023-00244167 given that i have limited time left i'll
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01238-00244167-00244431 say we we also asked during the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01239-00244432-00244575 in the surveys and in the interviews of
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01240-00244576-00244742 corporate officials what made the most
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01241-00244744-00244910 difference as they sought to reduce
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01242-00244911-00245006 their
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01243-00245007-00245142 releases
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01244-00245144-00245471 and most of their interaction was with
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01245-00245471-00245639 facility employees and corporate
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01246-00245640-00245951 management not with communities
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01247-00245952-00246142 and we thought that's odd because the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01248-00246144-00246382 the underlying logic here is communities
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01249-00246383-00246542 will rise up and protest once they have
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01250-00246544-00246679 this effort
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01251-00246680-00246871 hardly anybody mentioned that and it
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01252-00246871-00247046 shows up as we did the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01253-00247048-00247271 statistics and as i said plenty of
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01254-00247271-00247430 figures the book it just nobody was
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01255-00247431-00247542 talking about we did it because the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01256-00247544-00247742 community protest one company said we
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01257-00247744-00247934 once had an article in the press about a
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01258-00247935-00248127 fine from the state agency and boy we
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01259-00248128-00248358 learned never to do that again
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01260-00248359-00248527 it wasn't the community it was the fact
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01261-00248528-00248758 that the local paper published the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01262-00248759-00249023 article and that embarrassed them
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01263-00249023-00249142 and when we asked them what makes the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01264-00249144-00249303 most difference as you manage chemicals
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01265-00249304-00249479 that's limiting legal liability and
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01266-00249480-00249758 improving performance and so forth
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01267-00249759-00250023 uh community relate desire to improve
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01268-00250023-00250446 community relations was way down
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01269-00250448-00250567 at the end of the book we said what you
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01270-00250567-00250887 really need is not just
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01271-00250888-00251206 disclosure laws you need regulation to
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01272-00251207-00251367 continue because many companies said
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01273-00251367-00251567 we're doing this because we are com
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01274-00251567-00252094 we figure sooner or
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01275-00252096-00252351 called in the book l regulation
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01276-00252352-00252542 it wasn't just the disclosure that made
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01277-00252544-00252646 the difference is that they thought
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01278-00252648-00252767 we're going to have to you know sooner
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01279-00252767-00252846 or later there's going to be a
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01280-00252848-00252982 regulation that's going to compel us
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01281-00252983-00253175 anyway so we might as well
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01282-00253176-00253415 do it before we get to that point
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01283-00253416-00253558 and i wonder whether that might not be
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01284-00253559-00253703 the same fracking this is just an
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01285-00253704-00253975 example of so what i'm summarizing you
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01286-00253976-00254191 can get more details on in the book and
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01287-00254192-00254294 here you can see where community
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01288-00254296-00254446 relations is well
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01289-00254448-00254639 down it's a mixture and again for some
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01290-00254640-00254806 companies they say yes we did hear from
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01291-00254807-00255006 people not regularly but from time to
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01292-00255007-00255127 time and
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01293-00255128-00255303 but i would say that the broader pattern
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01294-00255304-00255455 was no they don't hear from community
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01295-00255456-00255646 activists no the press never
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01296-00255648-00255863 comes by they release these reports and
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01297-00255864-00255991 nothing happens
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01298-00255992-00256206 nothing happens
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01299-00256207-00256391 that bothered us we thought that's not
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01300-00256392-00256575 the way the designers of this policy
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01301-00256576-00256679 thought it would work they thought
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01302-00256680-00256855 there'd be some outrage
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01303-00256856-00257015 from the community and i can tell you
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01304-00257016-00257175 what we found is that did not happen
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01305-00257176-00257682 much at all across the entire country
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01306-00257683-00258071 um about five minutes yes okay
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01307-00258071-00258287 uh the effects internally now we did
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01308-00258288-00258439 find that collecting the information
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01309-00258440-00258623 even though it didn't mobilize the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01310-00258623-00258798 the community it did make a difference
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01311-00258800-00259046 with the regulatory agencies
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01312-00259048-00259215 and i'll rush through this they really
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01313-00259216-00259415 did use the information state regulatory
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01314-00259416-00259591 agencies and the companies themselves
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01315-00259592-00259823 used the information internally to
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01316-00259823-00260006 change what they were doing so in this
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01317-00260007-00260198 sense you can say tri was a success but
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01318-00260200-00260398 not for the reasons that the designers
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01319-00260400-00260591 had in mind it didn't mobilize the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01320-00260592-00260775 community but it did bring about changes
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01321-00260776-00260991 and you saw that in the overall so they
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01322-00260992-00261198 were able to get more accurate data to
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01323-00261200-00261639 identify goals to make changes
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01324-00261640-00261894 and and by the way we found
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01325-00261896-00262055 most mostly they were positive or
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01326-00262056-00262263 neutral about the program they were not
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01327-00262264-00262503 as negative i think as the opponents of
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01328-00262504-00262663 regulation and environmental policy
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01329-00262664-00262791 generally
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01330-00262792-00263015 assume and let me come back to that
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01331-00263016-00263182 and similar as i said state officials
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01332-00263183-00263479 really did use the information so it fit
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01333-00263480-00263671 into the even though it's not regulatory
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01334-00263672-00263839 it feeds into the regulatory process
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01335-00263840-00263934 because now they have some more
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01336-00263935-00264134 information to check on what companies
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01337-00264135-00264295 are doing and i'm sorry i'm going to
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01338-00264296-00264455 skip over that you can read it
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01339-00264456-00264615 the implication for fracking i think
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01340-00264616-00264775 would be
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01341-00264776-00264991 that you might need to have
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01342-00264992-00265182 non-profit organizations and public
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01343-00265183-00265358 officials help to inform the public and
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01344-00265359-00265599 digest the information because it might
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01345-00265600-00265758 pertain to
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01346-00265759-00266167 regulatory actions
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01347-00266168-00266399 so a lot happened uh
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01348-00266400-00266591 public officials said they didn't take
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01349-00266592-00266823 pollution prevention activities they
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01350-00266824-00267063 mounted source reduction efforts
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01351-00267064-00267223 they tried to increase media coverage
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01352-00267224-00267430 they actually brought about meetings
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01353-00267431-00267591 all of this though did not come from the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01354-00267592-00267743 citizens themselves that came from the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01355-00267744-00267943 state officials using the disclosed
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01356-00267944-00268230 information to prompt these changes and
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01357-00268231-00268375 i think that's one of the most critical
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01358-00268376-00268527 findings of the book people by
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01359-00268528-00268758 themselves don't take these actions but
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01360-00268759-00268927 making information public gives the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01361-00268928-00269079 regulators something they didn't have
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01362-00269080-00269182 before
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01363-00269183-00269334 right even though it's a non-regulatory
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01364-00269335-00269503 policy
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01365-00269504-00269695 so for fracking i think public officials
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01366-00269696-00269839 can take significant actions that
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01367-00269840-00270030 individuals they think can't
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01368-00270031-00270334 so i think tri does work but not in the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01369-00270335-00270663 way people expected it to work
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01370-00270664-00270823 and there's a problem with the metric
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01371-00270824-00271143 because releasing pounds of information
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01372-00271144-00271367 passive releasing pounds information
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01373-00271368-00271647 about pounds of chemicals in the air
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01374-00271648-00271815 is not meaningful to most people if you
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01375-00271816-00271982 can't put it in terms of a public health
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01376-00271983-00272110 risk or something that people can
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01377-00272111-00272358 understand so one conclusion we made is
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01378-00272359-00272495 when you release information it should
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01379-00272496-00272839 be current simple clear and accessible
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01380-00272840-00273055 you make it complex and unaccept you put
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01381-00273056-00273279 chemical formulas down and make it hard
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01382-00273280-00273534 to locate material on a website nobody's
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01383-00273535-00273687 going to use it
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01384-00273688-00273839 i also think there's a change over time
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01385-00273840-00274063 we found there was a greater use in many
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01386-00274064-00274223 ways by community groups in the first
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01387-00274224-00274495 few years of the tri program after a
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01388-00274496-00274734 while it wasn't news i still remember a
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01389-00274735-00274919 headline in the my local paper the green
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01390-00274920-00275158 bay pesky that front page
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01391-00275159-00275351 the whole front page
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01392-00275352-00275615 each company what they released
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01393-00275616-00275775 they did that once
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01394-00275776-00275919 in later years even though the same
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01395-00275920-00276039 companies were releasing the same
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01396-00276040-00276239 amounts it was no longer news
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01397-00276240-00276391 that is they didn't consider it
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01398-00276392-00276575 newsworthy each year it was the first
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01399-00276576-00276982 time it was newsworthy after that not
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01400-00276983-00277303 i put a link here to the toxic trends
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01401-00277304-00277487 mapper troy abel in conjunction with
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01402-00277488-00277655 some other people at western washington
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01403-00277656-00277847 university put together if you go to
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01404-00277848-00277958 that
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01405-00277959-00278143 site you will find a map of the united
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01406-00278144-00278303 states and then you scroll in on a state
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01407-00278304-00278415 and it will show you individual
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01408-00278416-00278582 companies if you click on a company you
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01409-00278583-00278863 will see their environmental performance
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01410-00278864-00279047 over a 10-year period and you will see
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01411-00279048-00279223 the risk levels
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01412-00279224-00279415 for specific facilities all across the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01413-00279416-00279527 country
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01414-00279528-00279679 that's the only one
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01415-00279680-00279855 environmental defense fund used to do a
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01416-00279856-00280015 site that used tri data made it
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01417-00280016-00280182 available then they stopped updating it
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01418-00280183-00280367 almost 10 years ago i think
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01419-00280368-00280599 so this this is pretty current
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01420-00280600-00280775 so information disclosure works best in
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01421-00280776-00280943 conjunction with well-designed policies
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01422-00280944-00281134 i noted that i think facilities that
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01423-00281135-00281343 don't do well can be assisted what are
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01424-00281344-00281503 the implications for fracking now real
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01425-00281504-00281679 fast and then we can talk about this as
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01426-00281680-00281895 we finish up
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01427-00281896-00282134 i think uh it's clear chris will speak
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01428-00282135-00282295 to this public support exists for shale
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01429-00282296-00282455 gas extraction but the public's also
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01430-00282456-00282615 very strongly in favor of information
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01431-00282616-00282806 disclosure i mean i think the polls are
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01432-00282807-00283055 very clear on that i think here too i
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01433-00283056-00283182 looked at the frac focus site and i
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01434-00283183-00283423 understand many of you did it's
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01435-00283424-00283606 pitiful
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01436-00283607-00283767 i mean it's impossible to know what any
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01437-00283768-00283895 of that information is about plus it's
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01438-00283896-00284063 hard to find you've got to know you've
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01439-00284064-00284303 got to search for individual facilities
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01440-00284304-00284495 most people won't know to do that
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01441-00284496-00284671 so think of a better way
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01442-00284672-00284879 what is it people want to know and how
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01443-00284880-00285039 can you make it easy for them to find it
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01444-00285040-00285134 i think
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01445-00285135-00285279 the companies may not be interested in
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01446-00285280-00285423 designing it that way so you have to
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01447-00285424-00285623 watch
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01448-00285624-00285815 sarah hoffman has a wonderful law review
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01449-00285816-00285991 article identifies all the state the new
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01450-00285992-00286191 state disclosure policies but i'm a
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01451-00286192-00286327 little nervous that states are quickly
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01452-00286328-00286630 adopting policies that are minimally
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01453-00286631-00286767 effective
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01454-00286768-00287039 uh some would call a race to the bottom
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01455-00287040-00287175 if you get all these policies in place
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01456-00287176-00287310 that will be it and the companies will
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01457-00287311-00287463 not be inconvenienced in the slightest
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01458-00287464-00287775 you go watch that that doesn't happen
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01459-00287776-00287975 uh make sure that there's a periodic
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01460-00287976-00288151 reporting that the information is
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01461-00288152-00288375 current a lot of the tri stuff is not if
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01462-00288376-00288863 it takes two years to get it out
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01463-00288864-00289063 basically make sure it's everything you
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01464-00289064-00289215 want to know is there a lot in the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01465-00289216-00289334 fracking area a lot of companies are
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01466-00289335-00289455 asserting they can't release that
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01467-00289456-00289679 information because it's a trade secret
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01468-00289680-00289855 and you want to be sure that's not the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01469-00289856-00290030 most toxic material that you that you're
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01470-00290031-00290247 not finding out about
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01471-00290248-00290327 where you're going to put that
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01472-00290328-00290479 information and is it going to be easy
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01473-00290480-00290671 to find it front focus is not easy
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01474-00290672-00290879 absolutely not easy tri's not easy
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01475-00290880-00291006 either i mean it
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01476-00291007-00291143 should be able to type in your zip code
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01477-00291144-00291271 you know get all the information that
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01478-00291272-00291399 applies to your neighborhood that would
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01479-00291400-00291599 be easy it's not like that and it could
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01480-00291600-00291727 be
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01481-00291728-00291847 and there are other problems the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01482-00291848-00292006 industries are self-reporting data is
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01483-00292007-00292134 anybody checking up to see whether what
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01484-00292135-00292295 they're reporting is correct
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01485-00292296-00292534 actually yes turns out it's not
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01486-00292535-00292654 always
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01487-00292655-00292791 some environmental groups have actually
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01488-00292792-00292934 flown over companies and done their own
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01489-00292935-00293182 measurements and said ah it's like 30
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01490-00293183-00293327 off compared to what the companies are
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01491-00293328-00293510 telling you maybe in some cases it's
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01492-00293511-00293782 more than 30 percent
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01493-00293783-00293934 you might be surprised to learn the tri
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01494-00293935-00294167 data are not actual measurements it's a
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01495-00294168-00294334 it's an estimate based on computer
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01496-00294335-00294510 models of what the companies think
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01497-00294511-00294719 they're putting out
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01498-00294720-00294871 that makes you a little nervous uh
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01499-00294872-00295006 welcome to the club
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01500-00295007-00295151 what you think is this is hard
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01501-00295152-00295358 information about actual releases no
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01502-00295359-00295510 it's estimated releases that the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01503-00295511-00295671 company's
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01504-00295672-00295791 not a problem you might get the same
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01505-00295792-00296015 thing in the fracking area so
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01506-00296016-00296199 is industry going to deal with community
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01507-00296200-00296358 concerns will it be somebody who will
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01508-00296359-00296519 handle that and report on whether it's
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01509-00296520-00296647 done well
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01510-00296648-00296919 how is this going to tie into regulatory
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01511-00296920-00297071 agencies
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01512-00297072-00297230 so in short if you go with information
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01513-00297231-00297399 disclosure deal with fracking bear in
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01514-00297400-00297615 mind i think somebody needs to be in
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01515-00297616-00297758 charge the information needs to be
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01516-00297759-00297919 monitored you need to make sure
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01517-00297920-00298110 companies are reporting accurately the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01518-00298111-00298279 most significant chemicals really are
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01519-00298280-00298623 identified and released to the public
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01520-00298624-00298879 and you got to watch out for this
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01521-00298880-00299023 state the reason states are acting
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01522-00299024-00299143 quickly is they're afraid something's
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01523-00299144-00299295 going to happen at the federal level the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01524-00299296-00299430 federal government's been prohibited by
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01525-00299431-00299582 congress and acting if this gets to be a
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01526-00299583-00299775 big concern the feds can come in and
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01527-00299776-00300006 then there could be tough well maybe not
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01528-00300007-00300175 from this congress but from another
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01529-00300176-00300375 there could be tough regulations
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01530-00300376-00300551 that would override the the state
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01531-00300552-00300806 efforts and i think that's one reason
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01532-00300807-00300895 uh
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01533-00300896-00301054 i think we've talked about that already
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01534-00301055-00301223 so
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01535-00301224-00301406 more or less stayed within my time limit
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01536-00301407-00301558 i guess and chris you're going to
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01537-00301559-00301799 address the issues later on so what i
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01538-00301800-00301999 the questions will be coming back to is
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01539-00302000-00302151 i think there is a strong potential for
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01540-00302152-00302310 information disclosure the public
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01541-00302311-00302430 clearly does
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01542-00302431-00302703 favor it um
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01543-00302704-00302799 it could be
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01544-00302800-00303023 as we found with tri maybe you don't
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01545-00303024-00303158 stop with disclosure maybe you want
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01546-00303159-00303310 regulation for example on methane
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01547-00303311-00303519 releases on maybe there should be
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01548-00303520-00303695 inspectors coming in to make sure more
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01549-00303696-00303854 than is now done that things are being
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01550-00303855-00304054 done properly and that the wells are
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01551-00304055-00304295 being dug dug correctly and
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01552-00304296-00304630 and the the uh what's called the back uh
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01553-00304631-00304782 backflow but
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01554-00304783-00305006 go back flow back blow back
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01555-00305007-00305167 at the flow back and there's an awful
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01556-00305168-00305343 lot of water that's coming up so there's
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01557-00305344-00305487 a use of water and there's also
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01558-00305488-00305703 contamination of water and in some areas
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01559-00305704-00305863 of the country it's made a real mess and
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01560-00305864-00306054 and ranchers out in the west have you
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01561-00306055-00306247 know have lost the access to the water
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01562-00306248-00306479 they used to have so a lot of related
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01563-00306480-00306695 issues that have to be dealt with and as
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01564-00306696-00306799 always i think really you need a
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01565-00306800-00306991 combination of policy tools pretty rare
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01566-00306992-00307167 in any policy area from healthcare to
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01567-00307168-00307303 the environment that one single tool is
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01568-00307304-00307487 going to solve all of your problems so
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01569-00307488-00307703 think hybrid or combination you know
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01570-00307704-00307927 diversity of tools and
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01571-00307928-00308175 and with that i will then
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01572-00308176-00309143 leave it to chris
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01573-00309144-00309343 i had to rush you a little bit more than
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01574-00309344-00309551 i thought
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01575-00309552-00309727 excellent
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01576-00309728-00309975 great thank you uh mike and it's such
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01577-00309976-00310143 such a great setup and thanks uh
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01578-00310144-00310319 professor corrant and professor ray for
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01579-00310320-00310510 inviting me out to to the talk and to
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01580-00310511-00310630 follow up
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01581-00310631-00310839 mike and i i think uh professor kraft
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01582-00310840-00310999 did a great job of explaining the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01583-00311000-00311303 importance of of information and the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01584-00311304-00311519 limits of information right just having
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01585-00311520-00311743 information by itself isn't necessarily
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01586-00311744-00311967 sufficient to make it useful for the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01587-00311968-00312239 public and so trying to to now think
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01588-00312240-00312447 about the context of the work and coming
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01589-00312448-00312647 clean the book and and where he's he's
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01590-00312648-00312871 placed it how does that merge with this
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01591-00312872-00313191 this new issue on our on our horizon or
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01592-00313192-00313423 that has arrived uh in fracking and
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01593-00313424-00313599 that's where i'd like to pick up today
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01594-00313600-00313854 and talk a little bit about
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01595-00313855-00314015 about where we are in terms of public
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01596-00314016-00314223 perceptions of risk disclosure policy
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01597-00314224-00314423 related to hydraulic fracturing does
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01598-00314424-00314758 does the public want the information
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01599-00314759-00314934 do they care about the information are
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01600-00314935-00315158 they engaged in the issue
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01601-00315159-00315358 do they think it's a risk all those
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01602-00315359-00315543 factors are necessary if you're going to
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01603-00315544-00315719 use information and not only the limits
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01604-00315720-00315919 of how we construct the information but
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01605-00315920-00316079 the willingness to use it and all the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01606-00316080-00316239 things that that mike talked about in
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01607-00316240-00316375 terms of navigation so that's we're
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01608-00316376-00316534 going to take us through a quick uh
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01609-00316535-00316791 15-minute jaunt if if you will and then
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01610-00316792-00316934 into questions
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01611-00316935-00317095 so just think about this uh the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01612-00317096-00317263 emergence of fracking just a few years
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01613-00317264-00317471 ago uh the idea of even having a
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01614-00317472-00317719 conversation about fracking uh the word
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01615-00317720-00317823 fracking
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01616-00317824-00318110 was not part of our our vernacular in
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01617-00318111-00318287 the least uh you know other than some
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01618-00318288-00318487 engineers that talked about hydraulic
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01619-00318488-00318687 fracturing the the real word the the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01620-00318688-00318879 idea of fracking was it was not a
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01621-00318880-00319103 concept it would get giggles if anything
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01622-00319104-00319358 uh when people used it rather than fear
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01623-00319359-00319687 or or some type of reaction um today the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01624-00319688-00319910 term is is part of the common vernacular
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01625-00319911-00320039 i think every year when they when they
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01626-00320040-00320254 come up with the word of the year it was
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01627-00320255-00320423 among the word of the year either last
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01628-00320424-00320663 year or the year before it's it's become
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01629-00320664-00320951 so popular it's used in euphemisms late
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01630-00320952-00321199 night comics love it uh it's it's par it
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01631-00321200-00321430 really is part of our our culture in a
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01632-00321431-00321623 lot of ways and so so we're moving in a
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01633-00321624-00321823 short period of time again you know
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01634-00321824-00321967 maybe four or five years that's it's
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01635-00321968-00322167 pretty dramatic so the concept itself
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01636-00322168-00322510 has meaning and how we use it and so
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01637-00322511-00322710 uh as much as we talk about it the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01638-00322711-00322934 public's understanding their their
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01639-00322935-00323158 knowledge about the issue remains fairly
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01640-00323159-00323382 limited and often quite uncertain in
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01641-00323383-00323615 terms of of the practices so what i want
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01642-00323616-00323854 to do in in my short time today is talk
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01643-00323855-00324087 about a few things that dovetail with
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01644-00324088-00324358 what mike talked about about information
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01645-00324359-00324534 and and to look at public opinion on
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01646-00324535-00324758 fracking from from three perspectives
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01647-00324759-00324999 one first is the public engaged are they
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01648-00325000-00325158 following the issue do they think about
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01649-00325159-00325271 the issue if you're going to have
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01650-00325272-00325415 information you have to have an interest
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01651-00325416-00325654 in it to begin with two do they think
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01652-00325655-00325895 it's risky uh and if so what are the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01653-00325896-00326110 risks and what are the concerns and why
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01654-00326111-00326303 would they they want to know about the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01655-00326304-00326527 information and under underlying demand
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01656-00326528-00326775 if you will and then finally how do they
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01657-00326776-00327039 want it disclosed and if so where and
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01658-00327040-00327223 when and under what conditions those are
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01659-00327224-00327399 factors i think that make
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01660-00327400-00327647 information useful or less useful going
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01661-00327648-00327823 along and so that's what i want to talk
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01662-00327824-00328030 about in our in our area of fracking
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01663-00328031-00328158 just a little bit about about the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01664-00328159-00328391 evidence i'm going to use and and this
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01665-00328392-00328630 the the public opinion data that we're
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01666-00328631-00328887 going to use is this is from a 2012
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01667-00328888-00329047 national survey of energy in the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01668-00329048-00329319 environment nsee which is run
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01669-00329320-00329575 out of close-up just upstairs and the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01670-00329576-00329743 institute of public opinion at
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01671-00329744-00329991 muhlenberg college
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01672-00329992-00330230 we did a survey in michigan and
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01673-00330231-00330430 pennsylvania last fall
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01674-00330431-00330767 looking comprehensively at perspectives
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01675-00330768-00330991 about fracking perspectives on fracking
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01676-00330992-00331167 and so if you are interested at all in
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01677-00331168-00331327 the surveys i don't know if barry those
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01678-00331328-00331567 have been shared they're on the uh a
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01679-00331568-00331743 close-up website so available if you
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01680-00331744-00331895 really want to dig into the details on
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01681-00331896-00332079 the methods which i'm going to skip over
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01682-00332080-00332319 but very available and hopefully you'll
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01683-00332320-00332495 find it interesting
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01684-00332496-00332663 the context i think is important about
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01685-00332664-00332863 the two states pennsylvania my home
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01686-00332864-00333158 state is frack central if you will it
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01687-00333159-00333343 lies right over the marcellus shale
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01688-00333344-00333495 probably the richest
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01689-00333496-00333663 uh
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01690-00333664-00333863 shale play in the country
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01691-00333864-00334030 it is highly engaged if you've been to
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01692-00334031-00334191 pennsylvania or you live in pennsylvania
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01693-00334192-00334334 it is everywhere it's part of our
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01694-00334335-00334615 culture it's part of our uh our media
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01695-00334616-00334895 it's i'll talk about it on on television
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01696-00334896-00335087 on commercials it's everywhere it's
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01697-00335088-00335351 omnipresent so it's a highly engaged
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01698-00335352-00335630 fracking state if you will michigan is
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01699-00335631-00335919 emerging it's emerging as a fracking
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01700-00335920-00336082 state the shale play isn't quite as
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01701-00336083-00336367 extensive uh the level of of of drilling
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01702-00336368-00336558 and fracking isn't as high but as
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01703-00336559-00336767 someone that has been at least spending
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01704-00336768-00336958 some time in michigan i'm sure you see
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01705-00336959-00337247 it within uh the conversations and the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01706-00337248-00337487 discussions and and in the media in the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01707-00337488-00337663 state i've seen it from looking at it
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01708-00337664-00337806 and talking with barry so they're
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01709-00337807-00338071 interesting to look at uh as from a
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01710-00338072-00338254 public opinion survey because there's
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01711-00338255-00338415 the the populations are at different
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01712-00338416-00338599 places with the issue so finding
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01713-00338600-00338775 similarities and differences can tell us
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01714-00338776-00338934 a little bit about how people are
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01715-00338935-00339143 experiencing fracking so
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01716-00339144-00339319 uh let's look at it
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01717-00339320-00339447 first of all this will start with
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01718-00339448-00339623 engagement do people care about it do
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01719-00339624-00339806 they look at it do they think about it
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01720-00339807-00339943 uh if you're gonna want information
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01721-00339944-00340078 you're gonna have to first have a
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01722-00340079-00340343 knowledge that the issue is even there
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01723-00340344-00340478 if you're going to do anything about it
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01724-00340479-00340734 and as you could see uh this is is the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01725-00340735-00340910 level of public attention towards the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01726-00340911-00341078 debate and fracking how closely have you
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01727-00341079-00341247 been following the issue and you can see
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01728-00341248-00341478 a majority of both both michiganders and
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01729-00341479-00341630 pennsylvanians
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01730-00341631-00341782 say that they have been following the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01731-00341783-00341967 issue either very closely or somewhat
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01732-00341968-00342078 closely
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01733-00342079-00342287 you can see although i was amazed we
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01734-00342288-00342447 looked at this last year barry and i
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01735-00342448-00342639 that that it was it wasn't all that
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01736-00342640-00342887 different for a very highly intensive
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01737-00342888-00343158 fracking state and a more uh limited uh
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01738-00343159-00343327 emerging fracking state that
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01739-00343328-00343487 pennsylvanians were a little bit more
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01740-00343488-00343847 likely you know 49 or excuse me 59
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01741-00343848-00344023 said it's very or somewhat closely
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01742-00344024-00344278 compared to 48 of of michigan there's
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01743-00344279-00344503 about a 10 percent gap but but i think
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01744-00344504-00344639 that gives us a sense that the issue
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01745-00344640-00344863 really has emerged in the public mind to
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01746-00344864-00345023 the to the point where people are at
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01747-00345024-00345278 least paying some attention to it
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01748-00345279-00345406 crucial if you're going to seek out
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01749-00345407-00345575 information you have to have some
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01750-00345576-00345719 interest in it to begin with and i think
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01751-00345720-00345910 fracking is now at that stage it's gonna
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01752-00345911-00346143 be fun to follow that over time to see
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01753-00346144-00346423 uh how it changes and if it changes
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01754-00346424-00346519 um
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01755-00346520-00346687 one one other factor that i think is
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01756-00346688-00346815 really important and i'm gonna come back
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01757-00346816-00347015 to this in a little bit is just your
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01758-00347016-00347271 reaction reaction to the term you know
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01759-00347272-00347551 psychologists tell us all the time or uh
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01760-00347552-00347823 how are we primed to accept information
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01761-00347824-00348071 you know how will frames affect our our
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01762-00348072-00348254 view on an issue once they're presented
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01763-00348255-00348439 later and i think this is an important
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01764-00348440-00348647 question so if we just ask you when you
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01765-00348648-00348815 hear the word fracking do you consider
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01766-00348816-00349030 it a positive or negative when you hear
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01767-00349031-00349271 that term now that's become popular what
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01768-00349272-00349415 do you think about it and you could see
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01769-00349416-00349623 almost identical numbers in michigan and
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01770-00349624-00349871 pennsylvania places at different places
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01771-00349872-00350095 in experience with fracking but the term
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01772-00350096-00350310 itself had very similar views a
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01773-00350311-00350495 plurality of both michiganders and
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01774-00350496-00350710 pennsylvanians see it negatively i'm
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01775-00350711-00350839 going to come back to that later i think
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01776-00350840-00351006 that's really important how we'll think
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01777-00351007-00351223 about processing and using information
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01778-00351224-00351567 the idea where it starts 45 31 positive
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01779-00351568-00351743 so the starting point for a lot of
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01780-00351744-00351999 people that might know nothing about it
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01781-00352000-00352230 or think a lot about it is is more
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01782-00352231-00352415 likely to be negative than positive and
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01783-00352416-00352606 i think that affects how we how we
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01784-00352607-00352895 process information later
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01785-00352896-00353175 okay so so people we know people are
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01786-00353176-00353303 thinking about it they have a generally
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01787-00353304-00353471 negative view but what do they think
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01788-00353472-00353767 about in terms of the risk and we can i
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01789-00353768-00353982 wish we had lots of time to talk about
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01790-00353983-00354263 where uh where the research is on this
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01791-00354264-00354463 where the science the engineering the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01792-00354464-00354630 public health data which is just
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01793-00354631-00354854 emerging it really is at an early stage
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01794-00354855-00355054 when we're thinking about research on on
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01795-00355055-00355303 fracking but in many ways it remains
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01796-00355304-00355510 unsettled you know we have evidence on
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01797-00355511-00355703 on both sides
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01798-00355704-00355919 of the equation of of the safety of the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01799-00355920-00356119 practice we have some some studies that
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01800-00356120-00356319 point to concerns and again i think a
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01801-00356320-00356430 lot of this is going to play out over
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01802-00356431-00356687 time we're early in the process but i
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01803-00356688-00356878 would say the the reaction to most is
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01804-00356879-00357071 that it's unsettled and if you look at
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01805-00357072-00357334 reports from graham or nrc or others
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01806-00357335-00357647 right now it seems to be in that place
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01807-00357648-00357871 however if you ask individuals and this
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01808-00357872-00358078 is back to our negative if you ask uh
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01809-00358079-00358327 many individuals if they think uh it's
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01810-00358328-00358558 unsettled they might say say no it's
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01811-00358559-00358815 because substantial media coverage of
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01812-00358816-00359023 the issue might be framing it in certain
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01813-00359024-00359254 ways if you live in uh well i'll come
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01814-00359255-00359375 back to living in pennsylvania in a
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01815-00359376-00359534 second but for individuals that might
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01816-00359535-00359758 have seen documentaries like gasland or
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01817-00359759-00359934 gasland 2
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01818-00359935-00360167 which portray the industry extremely
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01819-00360168-00360447 negatively and the risks and concerns uh
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01820-00360448-00360703 with with fracking in a very uh
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01821-00360704-00360910 emotional way you might have certain
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01822-00360911-00361199 views if you look on the other hand at
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01823-00361200-00361447 public relation efforts by
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01824-00361448-00361687 fracking uh companies and and and
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01825-00361688-00361887 drilling industry you might get a very
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01826-00361888-00362063 different picture i live in pennsylvania
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01827-00362064-00362230 so if you turn on the nightly news
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01828-00362231-00362495 almost every night uh you are guaranteed
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01829-00362496-00362791 to see commercials uh that focus on the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01830-00362792-00362991 positive benefits of fracking and the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01831-00362992-00363215 safety of it it's an enormous outlay of
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01832-00363216-00363439 expense by the industries to convince
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01833-00363440-00363623 pennsylvanians at the heart of the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01834-00363624-00363782 fracking industry that it's safe all
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01835-00363783-00363951 these feel good commercials slickly
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01836-00363952-00364151 produced by madison avenue so there's a
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01837-00364152-00364358 framing war going on so where does the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01838-00364359-00364575 public stand so if you ask them
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01839-00364576-00364806 is do do most people do the experts say
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01840-00364807-00365006 it's safe do the experts say it's risky
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01841-00365007-00365303 or is it unsettled here's what we find
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01842-00365304-00365478 and i think it's pretty interesting this
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01843-00365479-00365663 is if you frame it threes which of these
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01844-00365664-00365863 statements comes closest to fit your
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01845-00365864-00366134 views on fracking do most experts think
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01846-00366135-00366310 the risks are high do most experts think
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01847-00366311-00366503 they're low or are they divided on the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01848-00366504-00366606 issue
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01849-00366607-00366951 most pennsylvanians think uh 55
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01850-00366952-00367254 that they're divided uh michiganders uh
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01851-00367255-00367463 45 a little bit higher not sure which
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01852-00367464-00367671 probably isn't unexpected here and a
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01853-00367672-00367967 fairly even split on the on the low and
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01854-00367968-00368254 high end of the equation that i i think
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01855-00368255-00368463 most individuals when they perceive the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01856-00368464-00368743 risk right now are are unsure about the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01857-00368744-00368951 debate very much like i think the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01858-00368952-00369158 science and the research is and i find
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01859-00369159-00369351 that that interesting so that and where
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01860-00369352-00369567 where the public is might be in some
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01861-00369568-00369695 ways where
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01862-00369696-00370039 where the science is on the issue um
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01863-00370040-00370271 looking more particularly at the risk
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01864-00370272-00370447 what do people consider risks and i
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01865-00370448-00370615 think that's that's that's key you were
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01866-00370616-00370887 talking about about airborne um
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01867-00370888-00371127 toxin releases as very potent you know
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01868-00371128-00371382 in terms of of both dispersion of of
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01869-00371383-00371599 chemicals and and where the where the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01870-00371600-00371934 public might interact and risk for for
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01871-00371935-00372134 fracking especially in a place like
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01872-00372135-00372375 pennsylvania a lot of the concern comes
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01873-00372376-00372567 with water right obviously we're sending
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01874-00372568-00372823 tons of injecting lots of millions of
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01875-00372824-00372991 gallons billions of gallons of water
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01876-00372992-00373206 injected with sand and other chemicals
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01877-00373207-00373439 into the uh into the surface to produce
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01878-00373440-00373719 the uh the gas
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01879-00373720-00374030 water contamination is in this one place
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01880-00374031-00374191 where we saw significant differences
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01881-00374192-00374343 pennsylvanians are almost twice as
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01882-00374344-00374703 likely as michiganders to cite the the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01883-00374704-00374878 primary risk what the most important
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01884-00374879-00374991 risk
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01885-00374992-00375334 is in terms of of of the the practice to
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01886-00375335-00375503 be water contamination we also have
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01887-00375504-00375678 ground water in there that's the the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01888-00375679-00375830 framing if you will where people in
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01889-00375831-00375975 pennsylvania they don't think air
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01890-00375976-00376247 although air is is a lot of these sites
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01891-00376248-00376439 there's a lot of questions about the the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01892-00376440-00376663 localized effect of air quality this
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01893-00376664-00376910 issue risk is is often focused on the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01894-00376911-00377095 water aspects of it so we'll come back
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01895-00377096-00377223 to that in a little bit
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01896-00377224-00377303 um
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01897-00377304-00377478 i want to show a quick quick series of
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01898-00377479-00377671 slides here that i think are interesting
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01899-00377672-00377927 to look about perceptions of risk and
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01900-00377928-00378182 some different framings that we could do
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01901-00378183-00378454 regarding uh the issue so if we ask
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01902-00378455-00378599 individuals we give them a ten point
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01903-00378600-00378967 scale zero to ten and we say uh what is
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01904-00378968-00379127 the the probability that there are
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01905-00379128-00379343 serious health risks for people living
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01906-00379344-00379663 near drilling operations where 0 over
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01907-00379664-00379999 here 0 is extremely unlikely
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01908-00380000-00380334 and 10 is virtually certain that there
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01909-00380335-00380447 are risks
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01910-00380448-00380695 blue is michigan red is pennsylvania
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01911-00380696-00380991 this is what we see you know a a a
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01912-00380992-00381247 skewed to the the positive side and that
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01913-00381248-00381423 should not be surprising given the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01914-00381424-00381671 overall negative reaction uh towards the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01915-00381672-00381902 term fracking um you see a little bit of
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01916-00381903-00382119 difference the pennsylvania actually i
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01917-00382120-00382287 find this interesting you know of course
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01918-00382288-00382639 the five is is the the median uh and the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01919-00382640-00382871 and the modal uh answer for our
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01920-00382872-00383095 distribution uh but you'll see a little
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01921-00383096-00383302 bit on the extremes michiganders a
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01922-00383303-00383454 little bit more likely to be on either
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01923-00383455-00383727 extreme perhaps you know based on not so
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01924-00383728-00384015 much on experience but on uh on on the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01925-00384016-00384191 framings that we talked about before so
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01926-00384192-00384343 i find that interesting but we do a
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01927-00384344-00384543 little experiment we split our sample in
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01928-00384544-00384815 both pennsylvania and michigan uh when
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01929-00384816-00384975 we do our survey and we give them two
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01930-00384976-00385223 different framings and one is we say
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01931-00385224-00385327 what if
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01932-00385328-00385558 in the first and i'll flip to this what
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01933-00385559-00385775 if we the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01934-00385776-00386047 lead environmental agency in your state
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01935-00386048-00386247 came back with a conclusive report a
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01936-00386248-00386478 conclusive report that said the the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01937-00386479-00386743 risks uh of health health risk are very
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01938-00386744-00387006 low associated with fracking how would
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01939-00387007-00387239 you rate that same question that we ask
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01940-00387240-00387519 on the zero to ten scale and you can see
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01941-00387520-00387702 and this is what i find fairly
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01942-00387703-00387878 interesting and back to disclosure which
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01943-00387879-00388047 is it's fun to start framing the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01944-00388048-00388223 questions that michael
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01945-00388224-00388495 and his colleagues came up with oh wait
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01946-00388496-00388695 you can see a little bit of movement
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01947-00388696-00388951 skewing towards the the extremely
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01948-00388952-00389175 unlikely side but not dramatic right it
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01949-00389176-00389447 moves it moves down you get more people
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01950-00389448-00389623 that answer in this category than they
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01951-00389624-00389839 did on the in the in the un
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01952-00389840-00390134 unframed uh original question but look
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01953-00390135-00390382 what happens when you frame it that the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01954-00390383-00390575 environment environmental agency comes
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01955-00390576-00390839 back and says there is a high risk and
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01956-00390840-00391039 that's this slide
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01957-00391040-00391239 moves much more in the direction of
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01958-00391240-00391430 individuals saying it's virtually
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01959-00391431-00391702 certain there is a risk so so same
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01960-00391703-00391895 agencies right same framing all the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01961-00391896-00392102 random sample that we did and the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01962-00392103-00392295 structure of the experiment uh you can
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01963-00392296-00392487 see how it moves things in the direction
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01964-00392488-00392719 that people are i think primed to
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01965-00392720-00392902 immediately expect that the risks are
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01966-00392903-00393143 higher uh and when given that framing
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01967-00393144-00393271 which i think is interesting for
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01968-00393272-00393463 disclosure how do we react to disclosure
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01969-00393464-00393647 how do we think about uh about
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01970-00393648-00393839 disclosure i thought it was a an
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01971-00393840-00393967 interesting experiment part of our
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01972-00393968-00394263 research on on this um so so what do
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01973-00394264-00394478 they think about disclosure themselves
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01974-00394479-00394663 what do the actual question when we
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01975-00394664-00394919 asked uh michiganders and pennsylvanians
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01976-00394920-00395095 uh about disclosure and a little bit of
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01977-00395096-00395334 context and michael has so you know has
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01978-00395335-00395543 set this up nicely there are no federal
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01979-00395544-00395743 regulations requiring the disclosure of
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01980-00395744-00395927 chemicals for the fracture
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01981-00395928-00396167 fracking process there's there are none
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01982-00396168-00396447 right now the oil and natural gas uh
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01983-00396448-00396647 industry is exempt from the emergency
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01984-00396648-00396830 planning and community rights to know
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01985-00396831-00396999 act
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01986-00397000-00397102 um
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01987-00397103-00397327 oh that that michael talked about that
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01988-00397328-00397502 it doesn't apply right there so there's
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01989-00397503-00397751 no standards if if you will
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01990-00397752-00398110 uh the energy policy act in 2005 energy
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01991-00398111-00398334 policy major federal legislation also
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01992-00398335-00398606 exempted fracking fracking fluids from
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01993-00398607-00398799 federal disclosure laws so the fluids
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01994-00398800-00399054 that are are used on on the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01995-00399055-00399351 on the list are not uh not required uh
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01996-00399352-00399551 therefore they've turned this over to
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01997-00399552-00399734 the states they've turned this over to
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01998-00399735-00400047 the state and as uh michael talked about
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-01999-00400048-00400263 frack focus some states have have lined
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02000-00400264-00400447 up with frac focus as their source for
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02001-00400448-00400871 this uh as as a group uh um to try and
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02002-00400872-00401102 and and put out the information but but
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02003-00401103-00401254 largely again it's dependent on the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02004-00401255-00401447 states and the states have different
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02005-00401448-00401695 rules so what do what does the public
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02006-00401696-00401839 think about this
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02007-00401840-00402054 uh and here's here's what we find
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02008-00402055-00402319 if you ask individuals uh with what i
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02009-00402320-00402591 would say is is a framing that is more
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02010-00402592-00402806 pro-public health and here's the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02011-00402807-00402999 question natural gas drilling companies
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02012-00403000-00403158 should have to disclose the chemicals
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02013-00403159-00403343 they inject underground as part of the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02014-00403344-00403519 fracking process because the public has
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02015-00403520-00403775 a right to know about any health risk
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02016-00403776-00403951 that might be posed by these chemicals
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02017-00403952-00404230 we find overwhelming support the public
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02018-00404231-00404502 uh largely 81
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02019-00404503-00404767 uh you know strongly agree high
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02020-00404768-00404902 intensity and then when you put them
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02021-00404903-00405078 together ninety percent as michael
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02022-00405079-00405278 referenced if people aren't unified that
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02023-00405279-00405575 the companies should have to disclose
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02024-00405576-00405782 and we said well maybe that framing is a
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02025-00405783-00405951 little on the pro health side so we have
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02026-00405952-00406134 to frame it in a different way
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02027-00406135-00406254 and we do
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02028-00406255-00406399 we take the question we say well natural
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02029-00406400-00406543 gas drilling companies should not have
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02030-00406544-00406775 to disclose the chemicals they inject
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02031-00406776-00406902 underground as part of the fracking
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02032-00406903-00407087 process because they contend that those
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02033-00407088-00407278 chemicals are trade secrets that if it's
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02034-00407279-00407423 a trade secret we can't give away our
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02035-00407424-00407654 trade secrets that would be against our
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02036-00407655-00407871 business interest to do so and you can
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02037-00407872-00408095 see that largely there's there's no
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02038-00408096-00408310 movement there's no movement slight uh
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02039-00408311-00408647 slight uh shifts but but anyway we frame
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02040-00408648-00408854 it at least in this original experiments
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02041-00408855-00409127 uh public demands disclosure now the big
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02042-00409128-00409287 question is what do we do with that that
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02043-00409288-00409495 information all the things that coming
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02044-00409496-00409766 clean talk about i think are important
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02045-00409767-00409974 uh a couple last slides here and i'll
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02046-00409975-00410207 wrap up uh what
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02047-00410208-00410359 this this question i think gives you a
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02048-00410360-00410526 sense about and back to michael's
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02049-00410527-00410718 question well if
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02050-00410719-00410943 the idea is disclosure where the where
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02051-00410943-00411126 it comes from do the companies give us
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02052-00411127-00411295 clean information do they give us good
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02053-00411296-00411455 information where are we going to get
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02054-00411456-00411695 information on this from so we asked the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02055-00411696-00411863 public where would you turn first for
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02056-00411864-00412070 reliable information where would you go
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02057-00412071-00412199 first for information about the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02058-00412200-00412359 practices of
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02059-00412360-00412487 natural gas drilling either in
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02060-00412488-00412734 pennsylvania or michigan and what we
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02061-00412735-00412895 find and this might be back to the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02062-00412896-00413095 original positive negative right where
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02063-00413096-00413391 would people go or trust the most
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02064-00413392-00413566 oops sorry
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02065-00413567-00413863 environmental groups in both states that
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02066-00413864-00414030 that the number one source where they
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02067-00414031-00414247 would turn to first is environmental
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02068-00414247-00414447 groups much you know in terms of the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02069-00414447-00414670 industry itself a lot of the source of
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02070-00414671-00414982 disclosure uh much less support for and
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02071-00414983-00415255 i was you know even though the states
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02072-00415256-00415526 are primary in dealing with disclosure
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02073-00415527-00415782 and setting the rules uh the states
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02074-00415783-00415974 scored fairly low in pennsylvania
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02075-00415975-00416255 significantly lower than michigan uh you
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02076-00416256-00416495 know related to possible experiences uh
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02077-00416496-00416647 with the issue so
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02078-00416647-00416863 so some interesting framings well i'll
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02079-00416864-00416999 wrap up there michael gave us some
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02080-00417000-00417134 really good questions to think about i
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02081-00417135-00417303 want to be great to hear the question
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02082-00417304-00417510 you know the public's increasingly aware
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02083-00417512-00417670 every every survey we've been doing this
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02084-00417671-00417807 in pennsylvania now for a number of
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02085-00417808-00418014 years time series public's more engaged
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02086-00418015-00418247 more aware at least on the surface about
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02087-00418247-00418430 the issue and and they're they believe
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02088-00418431-00418663 there's division on on the the research
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02089-00418664-00418934 about the health effects um
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02090-00418935-00419207 you know the the framing i think that
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02091-00419208-00419391 we'll see so much since so much of the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02092-00419392-00419607 literature matters in terms of fracking
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02093-00419608-00419870 just like it doesn't in any issue uh and
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02094-00419871-00420159 ultimately while the public desires
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02095-00420160-00420391 strong support for disclosure what's
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02096-00420392-00420543 that going to mean
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02097-00420543-00420679 in practice and i think that's a
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02098-00420680-00420863 beautiful setup that michael has led us
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02099-00420864-00421039 what is it going to mean if we really do
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02100-00421039-00421191 establish these practices and who's
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02101-00421192-00421359 going to use it and at what level so
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02102-00421360-00421535 with that i will stop hopefully i
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02103-00421535-00422879 finished close enough to time
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02104-00422880-00423151 thank you both mike and chris we're
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02105-00423152-00423391 going to open this up ask mike and chris
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02106-00423392-00423559 to come up to the panel
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02107-00423560-00423718 and as i mentioned at the outset we'll
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02108-00423719-00424095 go through a sequence of questions
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02109-00424096-00424283 sarah gosman the floor is
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02110-00424284-00424479 yours so you have an operational mic all
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02111-00424480-00424703 right i have an operational mic so thank
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02112-00424704-00424895 you both this was a really interesting
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02113-00424896-00425103 set of presentations and i learned a lot
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02114-00425104-00425199 about
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02115-00425200-00425335 information disclosure and what's
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02116-00425335-00425527 happening in michigan in terms of and
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02117-00425528-00425670 pennsylvania in terms of what people are
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02118-00425671-00425759 thinking
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02119-00425760-00425918 so one of the things i've been thinking
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02120-00425919-00426079 about is
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02121-00426080-00426222 is this question that you both raise
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02122-00426223-00426366 which is what are people supposed to do
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02123-00426367-00426591 with the information so i love this
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02124-00426592-00426918 quote from a texas regulator when texas
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02125-00426919-00427070 passed its disclosure policy that
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02126-00427071-00427303 regulator says the texans will know more
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02127-00427304-00427447 about what goes into hydraulic
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02128-00427447-00427607 fracturing fluid than they know about
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02129-00427608-00427807 the ingredients in their sodas right so
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02130-00427808-00427975 this is you know this is the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02131-00427976-00428327 next step forward and in fact these um
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02132-00428328-00428495 on frac focus and a lot of these
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02133-00428496-00428751 disclosure policies we have a list of
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02134-00428752-00428918 the chemical constituents we have
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02135-00428919-00429191 maximum concentrations in the fluid we
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02136-00429192-00429399 have the product names we have the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02137-00429400-00429622 product purposes it seems on the face of
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02138-00429623-00429847 it to be a fair amount of information
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02139-00429847-00430159 related to the chemical use
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02140-00430160-00430343 but then i look at some of the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02141-00430343-00430527 conclusions that you draw mike about the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02142-00430528-00430751 tri and to me they seem more on the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02143-00430752-00431079 regulatory side that information informs
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02144-00431080-00431391 the state federal regulators it informs
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02145-00431392-00431599 companies themselves by actually
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02146-00431600-00431751 requiring them to collect the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02147-00431752-00431959 information so that could be done within
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02148-00431960-00432175 a regulatory system this is the system
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02149-00432176-00432327 we already have right as part of
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02150-00432328-00432607 permitting um and it's the the public
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02151-00432608-00432863 piece that isn't there and so i wonder
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02152-00432864-00432966 whether
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02153-00432967-00433159 really where all of this is going even
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02154-00433160-00433414 though the public has a deep desire for
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02155-00433415-00433639 disclosure whether we should be heading
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02156-00433639-00433895 the straight up regulatory route here
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02157-00433896-00434087 and not on disclosure and let me sort of
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02158-00434088-00434455 make one more argument about that
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02159-00434456-00434647 which is you know
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02160-00434647-00434831 given that we have a lot of scientific
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02161-00434832-00435039 uncertainty here about what the risk
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02162-00435039-00435214 ultimately is
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02163-00435215-00435383 i think there have been some arguments
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02164-00435384-00435495 i'm not sure whether i agree with this
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02165-00435496-00435670 but i'm interested in what you think
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02166-00435671-00435822 that
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02167-00435823-00436039 by disclosing information in this way
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02168-00436039-00436247 without really knowing about the risks
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02169-00436247-00436470 disclosure actually creates more fear
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02170-00436471-00436607 and i think mike you actually brought
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02171-00436608-00436783 this up in one of your slides then it
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02172-00436784-00436951 does do any good in terms of public
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02173-00436952-00437191 education so which again maybe leads to
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02174-00437192-00437383 the question of whether we really should
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02175-00437384-00437566 be in the business of regulating the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02176-00437567-00437807 precise chemicals going in and their
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02177-00437808-00437943 concentrations rather than through
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02178-00437943-00438135 disclosure so that's my provocative
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02179-00438135-00438318 question okay
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02180-00438319-00438495 let me go first
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02181-00438496-00438703 uh well what i tried to indicate is i
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02182-00438704-00438839 think a lot of the information that's
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02183-00438839-00439055 released whether it's tri or
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02184-00439056-00439255 for fracking is sort of by definition
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02185-00439256-00439391 pretty technical information about
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02186-00439392-00439543 chemicals and concentrations and
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02187-00439543-00439703 dispersal patterns i don't think the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02188-00439704-00439839 average person
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02189-00439839-00440014 is in a very good position to make sense
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02190-00440015-00440207 of that so they need the help
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02191-00440208-00440399 of state agencies and environmental
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02192-00440400-00440543 groups it was interesting to see chris's
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02193-00440543-00440647 slide that people actually trust
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02194-00440647-00440847 environmental groups more than any other
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02195-00440847-00440983 now that's not surprising because i've
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02196-00440984-00441143 seen many other surveys that say people
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02197-00441143-00441383 trust scientists you know university
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02198-00441384-00441559 people who are viewed as neutral or
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02199-00441560-00441863 they're not in the business
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02200-00441864-00442031 the flip side of that is and i didn't
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02201-00442032-00442287 dwell on it but it it came out in our
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02202-00442288-00442463 interviews with corporate officials that
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02203-00442464-00442663 they they fear that if you release
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02204-00442664-00442935 information that makes
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02205-00442935-00443135 people nervous
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02206-00443135-00443351 when they shouldn't be nervous because
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02207-00443352-00443535 they believe their risks are low you've
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02208-00443535-00443703 now created another problem you have a
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02209-00443704-00443918 fearful public demanding that companies
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02210-00443919-00444087 change their ways when in fact there's
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02211-00444088-00444175 really
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02212-00444176-00444375 not a problem in the book beside an
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02213-00444376-00444591 example of a national study that was
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02214-00444592-00444766 released that was really badly done and
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02215-00444767-00444927 it said there were toxic chemicals on
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02216-00444928-00445127 school grounds all over the country
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02217-00445128-00445270 and one of my former students was
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02218-00445271-00445543 actually head of the wisconsin
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02219-00445543-00445783 office that monitors the hat and he said
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02220-00445784-00445966 they were immediately called in to go
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02221-00445967-00446110 start testing schools all around the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02222-00446112-00446414 city said we found nothing nothing
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02223-00446415-00446575 but communities all across the country
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02224-00446576-00446727 were getting upset that now they had a
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02225-00446728-00446870 report that said that their kids were
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02226-00446871-00447022 being exposed to toxic chemicals at
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02227-00447023-00447110 schools
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02228-00447112-00447343 so the other side of this is you don't
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02229-00447343-00447543 want to unduly alarm the public if the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02230-00447543-00447710 risks really are minimal
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02231-00447712-00447951 and i i think you want
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02232-00447952-00448247 to have a disclosure policy i think the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02233-00448247-00448422 particulars of it will have to be
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02234-00448423-00448575 discussed every state might be a little
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02235-00448576-00448791 different
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02236-00448792-00449079 in my mind the proprietary chemicals
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02237-00449080-00449279 shouldn't be a reason not to disclose
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02238-00449280-00449431 there are probably ways you can do this
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02239-00449432-00449679 without releasing too many trade secrets
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02240-00449680-00449847 i think it'd be very helpful to have
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02241-00449847-00450039 expert panels at the state level to make
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02242-00450039-00450191 some decisions
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02243-00450192-00450414 about what to disclose how to disclose
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02244-00450415-00450622 it what the format is where people can
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02245-00450623-00450870 turn to if they have a question about
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02246-00450871-00451022 and it's got to be done so people have
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02247-00451023-00451270 some sense of what's close enough to
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02248-00451271-00451455 them that it makes a difference would i
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02249-00451456-00451614 be concerned about fracking 100 miles
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02250-00451615-00451783 away probably not
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02251-00451784-00452031 a block away uh yeah
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02252-00452032-00452222 but maybe maybe there's nothing wrong
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02253-00452223-00452399 and people have to have some sources to
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02254-00452400-00452639 turn to and i really think a combination
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02255-00452639-00452879 of regulation and disclosure and and
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02256-00452880-00453151 designing the disclosure
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02257-00453152-00453270 well
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02258-00453271-00453503 so that you get what you are getting and
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02259-00453504-00453614 don't
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02260-00453615-00453799 make people fearful of everything that's
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02261-00453800-00453999 going on if it's not if there's not a
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02262-00454000-00454159 reason to be fearful
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02263-00454160-00454399 i i'll agree almost with everything that
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02264-00454400-00454679 that michael said uh sarah and i think
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02265-00454680-00454831 your framing's really cool because of
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02266-00454832-00455079 the the issue of is it a substitute
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02267-00455080-00455279 right is is are we just using as a
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02268-00455280-00455479 substitute rather than a complement for
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02269-00455480-00455670 regulatory policies and i think you
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02270-00455671-00455822 touched on it really nicely micah how do
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02271-00455823-00456022 you how do you tailor that in a way that
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02272-00456023-00456239 that it's not that it's useful and
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02273-00456239-00456463 productive uh but not a substitute for
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02274-00456464-00456655 regulation which it can't be right which
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02275-00456656-00456807 which
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02276-00456808-00457166 necessity can't be so a great question
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02277-00457167-00457399 professor quran uh yeah so so i
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02278-00457400-00457687 understand we have the same question
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02279-00457688-00457935 um i'm not gonna move quite as quickly
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02280-00457935-00458143 towards towards regulation uh but
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02281-00458143-00458399 basically it seems to me so you get all
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02282-00458400-00458527 this information you actually don't know
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02283-00458528-00458639 how to use it
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02284-00458639-00459318 it's the truth in lending
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02285-00459319-00459439 and that's actually yeah where you have
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02286-00459439-00459631 a lot at stake personally you might want
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02287-00459632-00459783 to have an idea
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02288-00459784-00460087 so um there's this notion that uh taylor
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02289-00460088-00460327 and sunstein propose in the book nudge
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02290-00460328-00460559 uh around pricing of cell phone plans
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02291-00460560-00460918 they also apply it to uh the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02292-00460919-00461199 other case the mortgage case of a of a
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02293-00461200-00461447 reliable evaluation that can be
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02294-00461447-00461614 summarized in their case for one
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02295-00461615-00461814 statistical price one statistic is
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02296-00461815-00461918 probably
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02297-00461919-00462127 too much to ask for but could you
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02298-00462128-00462391 imagine as part of the disclosure policy
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02299-00462392-00462591 here requiring disclosure
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02300-00462592-00462791 requiring actually that's a whole bunch
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02301-00462792-00462959 of these experts together including
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02302-00462960-00463118 clearly experts from industry and
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02303-00463119-00463375 construct a set of summary measures you
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02304-00463376-00463535 know maybe they're half of they're
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02305-00463535-00463647 present
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02306-00463647-00463879 that people would come to know what they
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02307-00463880-00464166 mean and allow them to change over time
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02308-00464167-00464414 and recognize that the post-processing
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02309-00464415-00464655 of the original source data required in
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02310-00464656-00464847 such measures is going to be costly
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02311-00464847-00464999 right this is a this is an employment
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02312-00465000-00465143 program for public policy students it's
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02313-00465143-00465607 a very good idea
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02314-00465608-00465799 on a couple of slides i had up the idea
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02315-00465800-00465991 about selecting the right metrics and so
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02316-00465992-00466335 on i think this gets to the heart of it
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02317-00466335-00466455 if you're using lots of different
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02318-00466456-00466639 chemicals as many companies are and i'm
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02319-00466639-00466807 not sure what number we're talking about
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02320-00466808-00466983 with fracking but let's suppose it's a
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02321-00466984-00467151 dozen different chemicals and maybe it
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02322-00467152-00467303 changes from time to time depending on
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02323-00467304-00467495 the formation i guess that would be the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02324-00467496-00467807 reason for switching chemicals
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02325-00467808-00467983 so it would help if
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02326-00467984-00468166 if we had some chemical engineers and
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02327-00468167-00468422 chemists and policy people in law people
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02328-00468423-00468575 but people particularly those with
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02329-00468576-00468831 expertise and the chemical risk to
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02330-00468832-00468999 public health and to the environment
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02331-00469000-00469166 both sides of that
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02332-00469167-00469399 to come up with some summary way that
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02333-00469400-00469566 everybody can agree with and that might
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02334-00469567-00469807 be a challenge one reason tri never came
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02335-00469808-00469975 up with that is that industry and the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02336-00469976-00470151 epa probably could never reach agreement
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02337-00470152-00470335 on what the proper metric would be
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02338-00470335-00470495 that's one reason they decided pounds of
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02339-00470496-00470663 chemicals which isn't a very useful
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02340-00470664-00471022 metric but maybe we could do better
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02341-00471023-00471175 and i think the risk level is the way to
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02342-00471176-00471351 go people don't
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02343-00471352-00471543 a list of chemicals and names that
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02344-00471543-00471766 people don't understand and pounds
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02345-00471767-00471951 it doesn't cut it
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02346-00471952-00472214 if you could come up with an agreed upon
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02347-00472215-00472607 metric about risk to public health
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02348-00472608-00472735 maybe you got a
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02349-00472735-00472927 you know five
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02350-00472928-00473079 it's like the old homeland security
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02351-00473080-00473231 measure you have like five colors or
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02352-00473232-00473327 something
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02353-00473328-00473599 if it's red you know uh this you need to
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02354-00473600-00473775 talk to somebody or or when you do a
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02355-00473776-00474007 radon test if you're above four micro
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02356-00474008-00474247 pick a piece of curies you know you got
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02357-00474247-00474439 an issue to deal with some something
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02358-00474439-00474655 that people can make sense of the list
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02359-00474656-00474863 of chemicals i don't think anybody short
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02360-00474864-00475031 of you know those with chemical degrees
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02361-00475032-00475295 are going to find that very helpful
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02362-00475296-00475687 agreed great really well said
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02363-00475688-00475855 yeah i'm afraid sort of
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02364-00475856-00475999 closing hours
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02365-00476000-00476191 there's much more we could discuss i
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02366-00476192-00476351 want to just simply note
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02367-00476352-00476527 that this is one even in this state that
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02368-00476528-00476647 is moving in some very interesting
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02369-00476647-00476870 policy directions there's a regulatory
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02370-00476871-00477022 proposal from the state agency to
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02371-00477023-00477214 embrace the very focus program that
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02372-00477215-00477399 professor craft was talking about we may
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02373-00477400-00477527 be looking at direct democracy and
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02374-00477528-00477639 ballot proposition
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02375-00477639-00477791 and legislation is going forward in the
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02376-00477792-00477959 state legislature in a year in which 41
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02377-00477960-00478239 states have enacted some form of
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02378-00478239-00478391 fracking legislation so we will be
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02379-00478392-00478551 continuing that conversation as a
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02380-00478552-00478775 community as a center and stay tuned for
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02381-00478776-00478959 further events in the winter before we
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02382-00478960-00479118 close please join me in thanking both
+2VgYxmZ1_BY-02383-00479119-00479460 professor crafters
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00000-00001400-00001630 i welcome all of you here today to have
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00001-00001632-00001823 an idea about types of chemical
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00002-00001823-00002023 reactions
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00003-00002023-00002134 um
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00004-00002135-00002263 we have
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00005-00002264-00002487 three types of chemical reactions just
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00006-00002488-00002631 to describe
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00007-00002632-00002823 the chemical reaction you must know the
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00008-00002824-00003142 type of it first type of chemical
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00009-00003143-00003279 reaction
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00010-00003279-00003383 is
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00011-00003384-00003575 a synthesis
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00012-00003576-00003847 chemical reaction second type is the
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00013-00003847-00004063 composition chemical reaction third type
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00014-00004064-00004359 is replacement chemical reaction so all
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00015-00004360-00004567 of them are three types
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00016-00004568-00004943 and they are only depend on how
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00017-00004944-00005167 how the chemical reaction break the all
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00018-00005168-00005391 the bonds between the components or the
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00019-00005392-00005575 reactants
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00020-00005576-00005975 and how it forms new bondless or new
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00021-00005976-00006231 complex substances or new symbol
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00022-00006232-00006431 substances after the reaction is
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00023-00006431-00006695 finished
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00024-00006695-00007014 this is how the substances may combine
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00025-00007015-00007319 together or may break apart from each
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00026-00007320-00007574 other to form simple
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00027-00007575-00007734 substance
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00028-00007736-00007998 in the first type we have is since this
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00029-00008000-00008239 is chemical reaction
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00030-00008240-00008567 when we add or when we combine one or
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00031-00008568-00008687 more
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00032-00008688-00008919 element all combined together to form a
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00033-00008920-00009023 new
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00034-00009024-00009199 compound
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00035-00009200-00009399 after the chemical reaction is finished
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00036-00009400-00009551 this is called
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00037-00009552-00009823 synthesis chemical reaction
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00038-00009824-00010046 like here we have the reaction between
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00039-00010047-00010295 phosphorus and oxygen to form
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00040-00010296-00010414 the
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00041-00010415-00010759 phosphorus oxide
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00042-00010760-00011006 um we have another type of chemical
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00043-00011007-00011271 reaction which is the composition
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00044-00011272-00011503 or as dissociation
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00045-00011504-00011719 here we have for example hydrogen
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00046-00011720-00011983 peroxide which is complex we dissociate
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00047-00011984-00012095 it
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00048-00012096-00012399 uh to form water and oxygen or to
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00049-00012400-00012663 prepare oxygen in the science lab
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00050-00012664-00012983 and here we have to uh dissociate or
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00051-00012984-00013102 break down
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00052-00013103-00013335 the the chemical bondless of the
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00053-00013336-00013566 hydrogen peroxide to form water and the
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00054-00013568-00013679 oxygen
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00055-00013680-00013855 so here we have only one chemical
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00056-00013856-00014086 services that we have two chemical solar
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00057-00014087-00014447 sensors so this kind of chemical action
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00058-00014447-00014638 is called
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00059-00014640-00015030 the composition chemical reaction
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00060-00015031-00015335 in the last time we have a replacement
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00061-00015336-00015543 chemical reaction which is divided into
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00062-00015544-00015822 two types single replacement chemical
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00063-00015823-00016111 reaction and double replacement chemical
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00064-00016112-00016311 reaction
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00065-00016312-00016630 how it is a single or how it is double
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00066-00016631-00016903 it depends on how
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00067-00016904-00017175 how many number of elements
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00068-00017176-00017463 that applying the the replacement
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00069-00017464-00017583 process
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00070-00017584-00017822 replacement process here in this example
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00071-00017823-00017950 as you see
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00072-00017951-00018055 is
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00073-00018056-00018335 when carbon replaces the copper in this
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00074-00018336-00018503 compound which is
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00075-00018504-00018767 carbon oxide
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00076-00018768-00019094 here we have carboxide blast carbon
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00077-00019095-00019399 equals four atoms of
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00078-00019400-00019550 copper
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00079-00019551-00019847 plus carbon dioxide
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00080-00019848-00020086 what happened here in this chemical
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00081-00020087-00020239 reaction is
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00082-00020240-00020519 the carbon replaces the copper
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00083-00020520-00021055 in the compound of carb of copper oxide
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00084-00021056-00021263 so because carbon is only one type of
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00085-00021264-00021543 element or a type of atom it's it's
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00086-00021544-00021719 called a single
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00087-00021720-00021894 replacement
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00088-00021895-00022135 chemical reaction but if we have two
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00089-00022136-00022383 types or two elements together and they
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00090-00022384-00022703 replace each other so this one is called
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00091-00022704-00022822 double
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00092-00022823-00023078 replacement chemical reaction like we
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00093-00023079-00023367 have if he is plus two h is l
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00094-00023368-00023694 equals if he is electro plus h2s
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00095-00023695-00023903 so here we have that there is a
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00096-00023904-00024078 replacement
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00097-00024079-00024294 process is doubled
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00098-00024295-00024807 between fe and hcl between f e and h
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00099-00024808-00025022 which is ferrous and hydrogen
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00100-00025023-00025207 they replace each other in their
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00101-00025208-00025335 compounds
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00102-00025336-00025486 so this one
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00103-00025487-00025774 chemical reaction is called
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00104-00025775-00025902 double
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00105-00025904-00026374 double replacement chemical reaction
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00106-00026375-00026683 we have the in this diagram to
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00107-00026683-00027031 um we just try now to explain it in
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00108-00027032-00027327 another way if you are uh represented as
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00109-00027327-00027518 the components or the reactants with
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00110-00027519-00027743 persons we have in the first type which
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00111-00027744-00027935 is a replacement each one of them
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00112-00027936-00028190 replaces each other between each cell
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00113-00028191-00028543 plus into h equals nacl plus eight hoh
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00114-00028544-00028702 which is water
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00115-00028704-00028902 so here it's a double replacement
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00116-00028904-00029135 process the composition will dissociate
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00117-00029136-00029307 or decompose
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00118-00029308-00029679 mgcl2 into more of senses which is mg
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00119-00029680-00030039 which is magnesium blast chlorine
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00120-00030039-00030383 and the last type of which is synthesis
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00121-00030383-00030718 we add sulfur to oxygen to form sulfur
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00122-00030719-00031007 oxide which is complex and this is the
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00123-00031008-00031183 result is
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00124-00031183-00031287 uh
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00125-00031288-00031535 the result of addition sulfur which is
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00126-00031536-00031846 one type or one element to another one
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00127-00031847-00032087 type or one more element
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00128-00032088-00032383 and they form one complex compound one
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00129-00032383-00032495 complex
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00130-00032495-00032751 chemical service sense which is called
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00131-00032752-00033815 synthesis chemical reaction type
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00132-00033816-00034079 here we have three types of chemical
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00133-00034080-00034479 reactions since this is
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00134-00034480-00034895 this decomposition and replacement
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00135-00034896-00035071 so try to
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00136-00035072-00035279 map your mind to remember the three
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00137-00035280-00035487 types of chemical reactions as i did now
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00138-00035488-00035759 in front of you in this diagram
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00139-00035760-00035918 here we have
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00140-00035919-00036143 first type which is synthesis when we
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00141-00036144-00036446 add two or more chemical substances to
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00142-00036447-00036639 each other to form a new more complex
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00143-00036640-00036871 chemical substance for example when we
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00144-00036872-00037190 add aphids for us to oxygen to form
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00145-00037191-00037655 b4 o6 which is transverse oxide
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00146-00037656-00037983 in this type of reaction we add
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00147-00037984-00038087 one
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00148-00038088-00038279 to another one
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00149-00038280-00038518 chemical substance to form a new more
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00150-00038519-00038671 complex
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00151-00038672-00038887 next type is
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00152-00038888-00039095 the composition chemical reaction we
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00153-00039096-00039399 here dissociate or we hear decompose
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00154-00039400-00039583 hydrogen peroxide
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00155-00039584-00039911 to form which is complex to form water
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00156-00039912-00040207 and oxygen in the science lab to prevent
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00157-00040208-00040423 oxygen and science left this one is a
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00158-00040424-00040583 gas it releases
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00159-00040584-00040918 up this one is liquid
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00160-00040919-00041127 so here we separate these com these
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00161-00041128-00041246 components
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00162-00041247-00041462 of the hydrogen peroxide to form oxygen
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00163-00041463-00041590 gas
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00164-00041591-00041751 last type of chemical reactions is
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00165-00041752-00041999 replacement chemical reactions we have
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00166-00042000-00042255 two types in this type first time is
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00167-00042256-00042518 single when we only
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00168-00042519-00042735 separate or replace
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00169-00042736-00043015 one element
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00170-00043016-00043279 to another element here we have in this
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00171-00043280-00043390 example
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00172-00043391-00043839 we replace we we replace carbon with uh
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00173-00043840-00044167 sorry we replace copper with carbon
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00174-00044168-00044767 we discover with carbon to form
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00175-00044768-00044935 separated
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00176-00044936-00045127 copper and
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00177-00045128-00045318 carbon dioxide guess
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00178-00045319-00045590 this one is yes
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00179-00045591-00045743 so here
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00180-00045744-00045935 we have single
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00181-00045936-00046158 only one element that replaces another
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00182-00046159-00046486 one in next type we have two elements
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00183-00046487-00046630 like ferrous
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00184-00046631-00046927 and hsa they replace each other so this
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00185-00046928-00047174 type is called double replacement
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00186-00047175-00047583 chemical reaction
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00187-00047584-00047855 i'd like here you have an idea about
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00188-00047856-00047990 this
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00189-00047991-00048199 chemical type reactions
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00190-00048200-00048479 in this diagram
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00191-00048480-00048662 chemical reactions have three types look
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00192-00048663-00048974 at this one for example when you add hcl
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00193-00048975-00049407 plus nuh to form nsl plus hoh
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00194-00049408-00049615 here we have replacement why it's a
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00195-00049616-00049799 replacement because we replace two
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00196-00049800-00049983 elements to each other
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00197-00049984-00050327 as you see hydrogen replaces uh sodium
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00198-00050328-00050718 and the chlorine replaces the sorry
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00199-00050719-00050918 here we have hcl
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00200-00050919-00051158 plus no h
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00201-00051159-00051366 equals in acl
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00202-00051367-00051719 hoh so you can see with me that h
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00203-00051720-00051902 replaces in a
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00204-00051903-00052182 and cl replaces
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00205-00052183-00052471 and in a replaces a h which is hydrogen
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00206-00052472-00052599 gas
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00207-00052600-00052823 so here we have two two
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00208-00052824-00053038 two elements replaces each other so this
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00209-00053039-00053223 one is called double replacement
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00210-00053224-00053447 chemical reaction second one
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00211-00053448-00053591 we have the composition chemical
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00212-00053591-00053919 reaction because mgcl2 is complex
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00213-00053920-00054287 it forms of metal and non-metal
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00214-00054288-00054615 we dissociate it or decompose it into mg
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00215-00054616-00054926 cl2 separated ones from each other so
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00216-00054927-00055087 this one is called the composition
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00217-00055088-00055311 chemical reaction
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00218-00055312-00055559 two persons two atoms to two types of
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00219-00055560-00055694 elements
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00220-00055695-00055982 the last type is a
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00221-00055983-00056175 synthesis
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00222-00056176-00056407 chemical reactions when you add sulfur
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00223-00056408-00056766 to oxygen to form
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00224-00056767-00056966 sulfur dioxide
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00225-00056967-00057230 this one is separated to each this one
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00226-00057232-00057438 they are different there are two types
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00227-00057439-00057526 of
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00228-00057527-00057782 elements both of them are non-metals yes
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00229-00057783-00057903 but
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00230-00057904-00058087 we add them together
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00231-00058088-00058247 to form one
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00232-00058248-00058494 complex chemical substance
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00233-00058495-00058791 which is a sulfur dioxide
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00234-00058791-00059079 here we have also
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00235-00059079-00059279 some evaluation questions i'd like you
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00236-00059279-00059375 to
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00237-00059376-00059703 have an idea about them to define any
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00238-00059704-00059879 type of chemical direction or to give
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00239-00059879-00060215 one example for the chemical reaction
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00240-00060216-00060471 for example here you add only one
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00241-00060472-00060750 element to another compound which is it
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00242-00060751-00061119 in blast to hsl equals h2 blasted in cl2
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00243-00061120-00061406 here you have only one element you added
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00244-00061407-00061687 which so this one is called single
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00245-00061688-00061975 replacement single replacement and this
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00246-00061976-00062238 is the definition of princesses chemical
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00247-00062239-00062519 reaction i'd like you to have an idea
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00248-00062520-00062687 and to enjoy this lesson together
+2XEdWFAIZdu-00249-00062688-00063195 inshallah thanks for watching assalamu
+2YVegP_6p_y-00000-00000104-00000335 in particle physics a row meson is a
+2YVegP_6p_y-00001-00000336-00000543 short-lived hadronic particle that is an
+2YVegP_6p_y-00002-00000544-00000726 isospin triplet whose three states are
+2YVegP_6p_y-00003-00000727-00001087 denoted as rho plus rho 0 and rho minus
+2YVegP_6p_y-00004-00001088-00001319 along with pions and omega mesons the
+2YVegP_6p_y-00005-00001320-00001527 rho meson carries the nuclear force
+2YVegP_6p_y-00006-00001528-00001734 within the atomic nucleus
+2YVegP_6p_y-00007-00001735-00001942 after the pions and cayens the rho
+2YVegP_6p_y-00008-00001943-00002110 mesons are the lightest strongly
+2YVegP_6p_y-00009-00002111-00002295 interacting particle with a mass of
+2YVegP_6p_y-00010-00002296-00002558 775.45
+2YVegP_6p_y-00011-00002559-00002699 plus or minus
+2YVegP_6p_y-00012-00002700-00003158 0.04 mev roughly 770 mev for all three
+2YVegP_6p_y-00013-00003159-00003390 states the rho misons have a very short
+2YVegP_6p_y-00014-00003392-00003575 lifetime and their decay width is about
+2YVegP_6p_y-00015-00003576-00003895 145 mev with the peculiar feature that
+2YVegP_6p_y-00016-00003896-00004086 the decay widths are not described by a
+2YVegP_6p_y-00017-00004087-00004247 breet wigner form
+2YVegP_6p_y-00018-00004248-00004422 the principal decay root of the row
+2YVegP_6p_y-00019-00004423-00004638 mesons is to a pair of pions with a
+2YVegP_6p_y-00020-00004639-00005502 branching rate of 99.9
+2YVegP_6p_y-00021-00005503-00005951 composition
+2YVegP_6p_y-00022-00005952-00006143 in the daruhula georgie glashow
+2YVegP_6p_y-00023-00006144-00006375 description of hadrons the rhomysons can
+2YVegP_6p_y-00024-00006376-00006559 be interpreted as a bound state of a
+2YVegP_6p_y-00025-00006559-00006791 quark and an antiquark and as an excited
+2YVegP_6p_y-00026-00006792-00006959 version of the pion
+2YVegP_6p_y-00027-00006959-00007239 unlike the pion the rhomizon has spin j
+2YVegP_6p_y-00028-00007240-00007463 equals 1 a vector meson and a much
+2YVegP_6p_y-00029-00007464-00007663 higher value of the mass
+2YVegP_6p_y-00030-00007664-00007863 this mass difference between the pions
+2YVegP_6p_y-00031-00007864-00008078 and row mesons is attributed to a large
+2YVegP_6p_y-00032-00008079-00008295 hyperfine interaction between the quark
+2YVegP_6p_y-00033-00008296-00008446 and antiquark
+2YVegP_6p_y-00034-00008447-00008639 the main objection with the daruhula
+2YVegP_6p_y-00035-00008640-00008839 georgie glaciou description is that it
+2YVegP_6p_y-00036-00008840-00009031 attributes the lightness of the pions as
+2YVegP_6p_y-00037-00009032-00009206 an accident rather than a result of
+2YVegP_6p_y-00038-00009207-00009431 chiral symmetry breaking
+2YVegP_6p_y-00039-00009432-00009614 the rhomisons can be thought of as the
+2YVegP_6p_y-00040-00009615-00009863 gauge bosons of a spontaneously broken
+2YVegP_6p_y-00041-00009864-00010078 gauge symmetry whose local character is
+2YVegP_6p_y-00042-00010079-00010359 emergent arising from qcd note that this
+2YVegP_6p_y-00043-00010360-00010574 broken gauge symmetry sometimes called
+2YVegP_6p_y-00044-00010575-00010767 hidden local symmetry is distinct from
+2YVegP_6p_y-00045-00010768-00010967 the global chiral symmetry acting on the
+2YVegP_6p_y-00046-00010968-00011095 flavors
+2YVegP_6p_y-00047-00011096-00011303 this was described by howard georgie in
+2YVegP_6p_y-00048-00011304-00011527 a paper titled the vector limit of
+2YVegP_6p_y-00049-00011528-00011695 chiral symmetry
+2YVegP_6p_y-00050-00011696-00011887 where he ascribed much of the literature
+2YVegP_6p_y-00051-00011888-00012110 of hidden local symmetry to a non-linear
+2YVegP_6p_y-00052-00012111-00012359 sigma model
+2YVegP_6p_y-00053-00012360-00012747 equals equals notes
+2anFNFW8kDE-00000-00000051-00000238 the treatment of slaves in the United
+2anFNFW8kDE-00001-00000239-00000512 States varied by time and place but was
+2anFNFW8kDE-00002-00000513-00000778 generally brutal in degrading whipping
+2anFNFW8kDE-00003-00000779-00000998 and sexual abuse including rape were
+2anFNFW8kDE-00004-00000999-00001279 common teaching slaves to read was
+2anFNFW8kDE-00005-00001280-00001489 discouraged or depending upon the state
+2anFNFW8kDE-00006-00001490-00001712 prohibited so as to hinder aspirations
+2anFNFW8kDE-00007-00001713-00001999 for escape or rebellion in response to
+2anFNFW8kDE-00008-00002000-00002185 slave rebellions such as the Haitian
+2anFNFW8kDE-00009-00002186-00002420 Revolution the 1811 German Coast
+2anFNFW8kDE-00010-00002421-00002692 uprising a failed uprising in 1822
+2anFNFW8kDE-00011-00002693-00002939 organized by Denmark Vesey and NAT
+2anFNFW8kDE-00012-00002940-00003217 Turner's slave rebellion in 1831 some
+2anFNFW8kDE-00013-00003218-00003413 states prohibited slaves from holding
+2anFNFW8kDE-00014-00003414-00003586 religious gatherings without a white
+2anFNFW8kDE-00015-00003587-00003761 person present for fear that such
+2anFNFW8kDE-00016-00003761-00003965 meetings could facilitate communication
+2anFNFW8kDE-00017-00003965-00004220 and lead to rebellion slaves were
+2anFNFW8kDE-00018-00004221-00004445 punished by whipping shackling beating
+2anFNFW8kDE-00019-00004446-00004711 mutilation branding and/or imprisonment
+2anFNFW8kDE-00020-00004712-00004945 punishment was most often meted out in
+2anFNFW8kDE-00021-00004946-00005152 response to disobedience or perceived
+2anFNFW8kDE-00022-00005153-00005375 infractions but masters or overseers
+2anFNFW8kDE-00023-00005376-00005570 sometimes abused slaves to assert
+2anFNFW8kDE-00024-00005571-00005852 dominance pregnancy was not a barrier to
+2anFNFW8kDE-00025-00005853-00006038 punishment methods were devised to
+2anFNFW8kDE-00026-00006039-00006224 administer lashings without harming the
+2anFNFW8kDE-00027-00006225-00006497 baby slave masters would dig a hole big
+2anFNFW8kDE-00028-00006498-00006701 enough for the woman's stomach to lie in
+2anFNFW8kDE-00029-00006702-00006851 and proceed with the lashings
+2anFNFW8kDE-00030-00006852-00007217 but such protective steps gave neither
+2anFNFW8kDE-00031-00007218-00007445 expectant slave mothers nor their unborn
+2anFNFW8kDE-00032-00007445-00007645 infants much real protection against
+2anFNFW8kDE-00033-00007647-00007862 grave injury or death from excess zeal
+2anFNFW8kDE-00034-00007863-00008072 or number of lashes inflicted as one
+2anFNFW8kDE-00035-00008073-00008294 quote by ex captive Moses grandi took
+2anFNFW8kDE-00036-00008295-00008588 note one of my sister's was so severely
+2anFNFW8kDE-00037-00008589-00008774 punished in this way that labor was
+2anFNFW8kDE-00038-00008775-00008927 brought on and the child born in the
+2anFNFW8kDE-00039-00008928-00009233 field this very overseer mr. Brooks
+2anFNFW8kDE-00040-00009234-00009437 killed in this manner a girl named Mary
+2anFNFW8kDE-00041-00009438-00009617 her parents were in the field at the
+2anFNFW8kDE-00042-00009618-00009914 time he also killed a boy about 12 years
+2anFNFW8kDE-00043-00009915-00010178 old he had no punishment or even trial
+2anFNFW8kDE-00044-00010179-00010460 for either murder the mistreatment of
+2anFNFW8kDE-00045-00010461-00010679 slaves frequently included rape and the
+2anFNFW8kDE-00046-00010680-00010973 sexual abuse of women the sexual abuse
+2anFNFW8kDE-00047-00010974-00011153 of slaves was partially rooted in
+2anFNFW8kDE-00048-00011154-00011357 historical southern culture in its view
+2anFNFW8kDE-00049-00011358-00011705 of the enslaved as property after 1662
+2anFNFW8kDE-00050-00011706-00011951 when Virginia adopted the legal doctrine
+2anFNFW8kDE-00051-00011952-00012098 part 2 sequitur Ventura
+2anFNFW8kDE-00052-00012099-00012308 sexual relations between white men and
+2anFNFW8kDE-00053-00012309-00012461 black women were regulated by
+2anFNFW8kDE-00054-00012462-00012677 classifying children of slave mothers as
+2anFNFW8kDE-00055-00012678-00012856 slaves regardless of their father's race
+2anFNFW8kDE-00056-00012857-00013138 or status particularly in the upper
+2anFNFW8kDE-00057-00013140-00013325 South a population developed of
+2anFNFW8kDE-00058-00013326-00013444 mixed-race mulatto
+2anFNFW8kDE-00059-00013446-00013649 offspring of such unions although white
+2anFNFW8kDE-00060-00013650-00013822 Southern society claimed to have [__]
+2anFNFW8kDE-00061-00013824-00014012 miscegenation and punished sexual
+2anFNFW8kDE-00062-00014013-00014201 relations between white women and black
+2anFNFW8kDE-00063-00014202-00014449 men is damaging to racial purity
+2anFNFW8kDE-00064-00014450-00014681 frederick law olmsted visited
+2anFNFW8kDE-00065-00014682-00015062 mississippi in 1853 and wrote a caste
+2anFNFW8kDE-00066-00015063-00015238 mass of the slaves passed their lives
+2anFNFW8kDE-00067-00015240-00015404 from the moment they are able to go
+2anFNFW8kDE-00068-00015405-00015581 afield in the picking season till they
+2anFNFW8kDE-00069-00015582-00015782 drop worn out in the grave in incessant
+2anFNFW8kDE-00070-00015783-00015965 labour in all sorts of weather at all
+2anFNFW8kDE-00071-00015966-00016147 seasons of the year without any other
+2anFNFW8kDE-00072-00016149-00016352 change or relaxation than is furnished
+2anFNFW8kDE-00073-00016353-00016553 by sickness without the smallest hope of
+2anFNFW8kDE-00074-00016554-00016682 any improvement either in their
+2anFNFW8kDE-00075-00016683-00016859 condition in their food or in their
+2anFNFW8kDE-00076-00016860-00017030 clothing which are of the plainest in
+2anFNFW8kDE-00077-00017031-00017234 coarsest kind and indebted solely to the
+2anFNFW8kDE-00078-00017235-00017384 forbearance or good temper of the
+2anFNFW8kDE-00079-00017385-00017564 overseer for exception from terrible
+2anFNFW8kDE-00080-00017565-00018168 physical suffering
+2anFNFW8kDE-00081-00018169-00018721 topic living conditions
+2anFNFW8kDE-00082-00018722-00018988 an 1850 publication provided
+2anFNFW8kDE-00083-00018989-00019159 slaveholders with guidance on how to
+2anFNFW8kDE-00084-00019160-00019465 produce the ideal slave
+2anFNFW8kDE-00085-00019466-00019639 maintain strict discipline and
+2anFNFW8kDE-00086-00019640-00019939 unconditional submission create a sense
+2anFNFW8kDE-00087-00019940-00020083 of personal inferiority
+2anFNFW8kDE-00088-00020084-00020402 so that slaves know their place
+2anFNFW8kDE-00089-00020403-00020726 instill fear teach servants to take
+2anFNFW8kDE-00090-00020727-00020959 interest in their masters enterprise
+2anFNFW8kDE-00091-00020960-00021212 deprive access to education and
+2anFNFW8kDE-00092-00021213-00021428 Recreation to ensure that slaves remain
+2anFNFW8kDE-00093-00021429-00022124 uneducated helpless and dependent
+2anFNFW8kDE-00094-00022125-00022623 topic brutality
+2anFNFW8kDE-00095-00022624-00022881 according to historians David Briand
+2anFNFW8kDE-00096-00022882-00023100 Davis in Eugene Genovese treatment of
+2anFNFW8kDE-00097-00023101-00023373 slaves was harsh and inhumane during
+2anFNFW8kDE-00098-00023374-00023505 work and outside of it
+2anFNFW8kDE-00099-00023506-00023736 slaves suffered physical abuse since the
+2anFNFW8kDE-00100-00023737-00023958 government allowed it treatment was
+2anFNFW8kDE-00101-00023959-00024123 usually harsher on large plantations
+2anFNFW8kDE-00102-00024124-00024375 which were often managed by overseers
+2anFNFW8kDE-00103-00024376-00024681 and owned by absentee slaveholders small
+2anFNFW8kDE-00104-00024682-00024858 slaveholders worked together with their
+2anFNFW8kDE-00105-00024859-00025053 slaves and sometimes treated them more
+2anFNFW8kDE-00106-00025054-00025110 humanely
+2anFNFW8kDE-00107-00025111-00025332 besides slaves being vastly overworked
+2anFNFW8kDE-00108-00025333-00025509 they suffered brandings shootings
+2anFNFW8kDE-00109-00025510-00025802 floggings and even worse punishments
+2anFNFW8kDE-00110-00025804-00026010 flogging was a term often used to
+2anFNFW8kDE-00111-00026011-00026205 describe the average lashing or whipping
+2anFNFW8kDE-00112-00026206-00026489 a slave we receive for misbehaving many
+2anFNFW8kDE-00113-00026491-00026712 times a slave would also simply be put
+2anFNFW8kDE-00114-00026713-00027018 through wanton cruelty x' or unprovoked
+2anFNFW8kDE-00115-00027019-00027642 violent beatings or punishments
+2anFNFW8kDE-00116-00027643-00028164 topic humane treatment
+2anFNFW8kDE-00117-00028166-00028447 after 1820 in response to the inability
+2anFNFW8kDE-00118-00028448-00028672 to legally import new slaves from Africa
+2anFNFW8kDE-00119-00028673-00028839 following prohibition of the
+2anFNFW8kDE-00120-00028841-00029014 International slave trade some
+2anFNFW8kDE-00121-00029014-00029179 slaveholders improved the living
+2anFNFW8kDE-00122-00029180-00029377 conditions of their slaves to influence
+2anFNFW8kDE-00123-00029377-00029583 them not to attempt escape some slavery
+2anFNFW8kDE-00124-00029585-00029794 advocates asserted that many slaves were
+2anFNFW8kDE-00125-00029795-00030052 content with their situation African
+2anFNFW8kDE-00126-00030052-00030280 American abolitionist J Sela Martin
+2anFNFW8kDE-00127-00030281-00030451 countered that the apparent contentment
+2anFNFW8kDE-00128-00030452-00030633 was a psychological reaction to
+2anFNFW8kDE-00129-00030635-00030826 dehumanizing brutality such as
+2anFNFW8kDE-00130-00030827-00031018 witnessing their spouses sold at auction
+2anFNFW8kDE-00131-00031019-00031594 or their daughters raped
+2anFNFW8kDE-00132-00031595-00031879 topic education and access to
+2anFNFW8kDE-00133-00031880-00032104 information
+2anFNFW8kDE-00134-00032105-00032265 you
+2anFNFW8kDE-00135-00032266-00032511 slave holders feared slave rebellions
+2anFNFW8kDE-00136-00032512-00032646 and attempts of escape
+2anFNFW8kDE-00137-00032647-00032842 most of them sought to minimize slaves
+2anFNFW8kDE-00138-00032843-00033055 exposure to the outside world to reduce
+2anFNFW8kDE-00139-00033056-00033333 the risk of rebellion the desired result
+2anFNFW8kDE-00140-00033334-00033532 was to eliminate slaves dreams and
+2anFNFW8kDE-00141-00033533-00033758 aspirations restrict access to
+2anFNFW8kDE-00142-00033759-00034008 information about other slaves and
+2anFNFW8kDE-00143-00034009-00034183 rebellions and stifle their mental
+2anFNFW8kDE-00144-00034184-00034392 faculties education of slaves was
+2anFNFW8kDE-00145-00034393-00034555 generally discouraged for fear that
+2anFNFW8kDE-00146-00034556-00034723 knowledge and literacy would cause
+2anFNFW8kDE-00147-00034724-00034902 rebellious nests as they might learn of
+2anFNFW8kDE-00148-00034903-00035061 the abolitionist movement and of the
+2anFNFW8kDE-00149-00035062-00035260 existence in more northern states of
+2anFNFW8kDE-00150-00035261-00035496 substantial groups of free Negroes see
+2anFNFW8kDE-00151-00035497-00035701 education during the slave period during
+2anFNFW8kDE-00152-00035702-00035914 the mid 19th century some states
+2anFNFW8kDE-00153-00035915-00036189 prohibited the education of slaves in
+2anFNFW8kDE-00154-00036190-00036499 1841 Virginia punished violations of
+2anFNFW8kDE-00155-00036500-00036736 this law by 20 lashes to the slave and a
+2anFNFW8kDE-00156-00036737-00036976 $100 fine to the teacher and North
+2anFNFW8kDE-00157-00036977-00037271 Carolina by 39 lashes to the slave and a
+2anFNFW8kDE-00158-00037272-00037624 $250 fine to the teacher in Kentucky
+2anFNFW8kDE-00159-00037625-00037873 education of slaves was legal but almost
+2anFNFW8kDE-00160-00037874-00038133 non-existent some Missouri slaveholders
+2anFNFW8kDE-00161-00038134-00038332 educated their slaves or permitted them
+2anFNFW8kDE-00162-00038333-00038658 to do so themselves in Utah slave owners
+2anFNFW8kDE-00163-00038659-00038854 were required to send black slaves to
+2anFNFW8kDE-00164-00038855-00039067 school for 18 months between the ages of
+2anFNFW8kDE-00165-00039068-00039333 6 and 20 years in Indian slaves for 3
+2anFNFW8kDE-00166-00039334-00039902 months every year
+2anFNFW8kDE-00167-00039903-00040440 topic working conditions
+2anFNFW8kDE-00168-00040441-00040743 in 1740 following the Stono rebellion
+2anFNFW8kDE-00169-00040744-00040983 Maryland limited slaves working hours to
+2anFNFW8kDE-00170-00040984-00041250 15 per days in the summer and 14 in the
+2anFNFW8kDE-00171-00041251-00041489 winter with no work permitted on Sunday
+2anFNFW8kDE-00172-00041490-00041736 historian Charles Johnson writes that
+2anFNFW8kDE-00173-00041737-00041931 such laws were not only motivated by
+2anFNFW8kDE-00174-00041932-00042126 compassion but also by the desire to
+2anFNFW8kDE-00175-00042127-00042401 pacify slaves and prevent future revolts
+2anFNFW8kDE-00176-00042402-00042672 slave working conditions were often made
+2anFNFW8kDE-00177-00042673-00042861 worse by the plantations need for them
+2anFNFW8kDE-00178-00042862-00043017 to work overtime to sustain themselves
+2anFNFW8kDE-00179-00043018-00043350 in regards to food and shelter in Utah
+2anFNFW8kDE-00180-00043351-00043620 slaves were required to work reasonable
+2anFNFW8kDE-00181-00043621-00044161 hours
+2anFNFW8kDE-00182-00044162-00044680 topic medical treatment
+2anFNFW8kDE-00183-00044681-00044941 the quality of medical care to slaves as
+2anFNFW8kDE-00184-00044942-00045012 uncertain
+2anFNFW8kDE-00185-00045013-00045196 some historians conclude that because
+2anFNFW8kDE-00186-00045197-00045370 slaveholders wish to preserve the value
+2anFNFW8kDE-00187-00045371-00045556 of their slaves they received the same
+2anFNFW8kDE-00188-00045557-00045832 care others conclude that medical care
+2anFNFW8kDE-00189-00045833-00046111 was poor a majority of plantation owners
+2anFNFW8kDE-00190-00046112-00046321 and doctors balanced a plantation need
+2anFNFW8kDE-00191-00046322-00046528 to course as much labour as possible
+2anFNFW8kDE-00192-00046529-00046693 from a slave without causing death
+2anFNFW8kDE-00193-00046694-00046882 infertility and a reduction in
+2anFNFW8kDE-00194-00046883-00047101 productivity the effort by planters and
+2anFNFW8kDE-00195-00047102-00047290 doctors to provide sufficient living
+2anFNFW8kDE-00196-00047291-00047487 resources that enable their slaves to
+2anFNFW8kDE-00197-00047488-00047692 remain productive and bear many children
+2anFNFW8kDE-00198-00047693-00047911 the impact of diseases and injury on the
+2anFNFW8kDE-00199-00047912-00048106 social stability of slave communities
+2anFNFW8kDE-00200-00048107-00048274 the extent to which illness and
+2anFNFW8kDE-00201-00048275-00048493 mortality of subpopulations in slave
+2anFNFW8kDE-00202-00048494-00048673 society reflected their different
+2anFNFW8kDE-00203-00048674-00048856 environmental exposures and living
+2anFNFW8kDE-00204-00048857-00049039 circumstances rather than their alleged
+2anFNFW8kDE-00205-00049040-00049330 racial characteristics slaves may have
+2anFNFW8kDE-00206-00049331-00049549 also provided adequate medical care to
+2anFNFW8kDE-00207-00049550-00049609 each other
+2anFNFW8kDE-00208-00049610-00049810 previous studies showed that a slave
+2anFNFW8kDE-00209-00049811-00049978 owner would care for his slaves through
+2anFNFW8kDE-00210-00049979-00050269 only prudence and humanity although
+2anFNFW8kDE-00211-00050270-00050500 conditions were so harsh for slaves many
+2anFNFW8kDE-00212-00050501-00050677 slave owners saw that it was in their
+2anFNFW8kDE-00213-00050678-00050865 best interest financially to see that
+2anFNFW8kDE-00214-00050866-00051021 each slave stayed healthy enough to
+2anFNFW8kDE-00215-00051022-00051178 maintain an active presence on the
+2anFNFW8kDE-00216-00051179-00051429 plantation an ill slave meant less
+2anFNFW8kDE-00217-00051430-00051613 workforce for the plantation which
+2anFNFW8kDE-00218-00051614-00051799 coerced some plantation owners to
+2anFNFW8kDE-00219-00051800-00051996 regularly have medical doctors monitor
+2anFNFW8kDE-00220-00051997-00052167 their slaves in an attempt to keep them
+2anFNFW8kDE-00221-00052169-00052441 healthy other slave owners wishing to
+2anFNFW8kDE-00222-00052441-00052612 save money would often rely on their own
+2anFNFW8kDE-00223-00052613-00052807 self-taught remedies combined with any
+2anFNFW8kDE-00224-00052808-00052990 helpful knowledge of their wives to help
+2anFNFW8kDE-00225-00052991-00053236 treat the sickly older slaves and
+2anFNFW8kDE-00226-00053237-00053416 oftentimes grandparents of slave
+2anFNFW8kDE-00227-00053416-00053599 communities would pass down useful
+2anFNFW8kDE-00228-00053600-00053902 medical skills and remedies as well also
+2anFNFW8kDE-00229-00053903-00054103 large enough plantations with owners
+2anFNFW8kDE-00230-00054104-00054271 willing to spend the money would often
+2anFNFW8kDE-00231-00054272-00054472 have specific infirmaries built to deal
+2anFNFW8kDE-00232-00054473-00054625 with the problems of slaves health
+2anFNFW8kDE-00233-00054626-00054844 according to Michael W Byrd a dual
+2anFNFW8kDE-00234-00054845-00055060 system of medical care provided poorer
+2anFNFW8kDE-00235-00055061-00055252 care for slaves throughout the south and
+2anFNFW8kDE-00236-00055253-00055465 slaves were excluded from formal medical
+2anFNFW8kDE-00237-00055466-00055519 training
+2anFNFW8kDE-00238-00055520-00055750 this meant that slaves were mainly
+2anFNFW8kDE-00239-00055751-00055987 responsible for their own care health
+2anFNFW8kDE-00240-00055988-00056260 subsystem that persisted long after
+2anFNFW8kDE-00241-00056261-00056524 slavery was abolished slaves took such
+2anFNFW8kDE-00242-00056525-00056698 an active role in the health care of
+2anFNFW8kDE-00243-00056699-00056977 their community that in 1748 Virginia
+2anFNFW8kDE-00244-00056978-00057180 prohibited them from advertising certain
+2anFNFW8kDE-00245-00057182-00057388 treatments medical care was usually
+2anFNFW8kDE-00246-00057389-00057565 provided by fellow slaves or by
+2anFNFW8kDE-00247-00057566-00057766 slaveholders and their families and only
+2anFNFW8kDE-00248-00057766-00058060 rarely by physicians care for sick house
+2anFNFW8kDE-00249-00058061-00058281 old members was mostly provided by women
+2anFNFW8kDE-00250-00058282-00058522 some slaves possessed medical skills
+2anFNFW8kDE-00251-00058523-00058731 such as knowledge of herbal remedies in
+2anFNFW8kDE-00252-00058732-00058938 midwifery and often treated both slaves
+2anFNFW8kDE-00253-00058939-00059046 and non slaves
+2anFNFW8kDE-00254-00059047-00059284 clevy suggests that because slave
+2anFNFW8kDE-00255-00059285-00059488 holders offered poor treatment slaves
+2anFNFW8kDE-00256-00059489-00059713 relied on African remedies and adapted
+2anFNFW8kDE-00257-00059714-00059947 them to North American plants other
+2anFNFW8kDE-00258-00059948-00060150 examples of improvised healthcare
+2anFNFW8kDE-00259-00060151-00060322 methods included folk healers
+2anFNFW8kDE-00260-00060323-00060565 grandmother midwives and social networks
+2anFNFW8kDE-00261-00060566-00060784 such as churches and for pregnant slaves
+2anFNFW8kDE-00262-00060785-00061069 female networks slave owners would
+2anFNFW8kDE-00263-00061070-00061273 sometimes also seek healing from such
+2anFNFW8kDE-00264-00061274-00061457 methods in times of ill health in
+2anFNFW8kDE-00265-00061458-00061753 Missouri slaveholders generally provided
+2anFNFW8kDE-00266-00061754-00061963 adequate health care to their slaves and
+2anFNFW8kDE-00267-00061964-00062185 were motivated by humanitarian concerns
+2anFNFW8kDE-00268-00062186-00062406 maintenance of slaves productivity and
+2anFNFW8kDE-00269-00062407-00062575 protection of the owners investment
+2anFNFW8kDE-00270-00062576-00062749 researchers performed medical
+2anFNFW8kDE-00271-00062750-00062950 experiments on slaves without consent
+2anFNFW8kDE-00272-00062951-00063138 and frequently displayed slaves to
+2anFNFW8kDE-00273-00063139-00063775 illustrate medical conditions
+2anFNFW8kDE-00274-00063776-00064247 topic religion
+2anFNFW8kDE-00275-00064248-00064523 during the early 17th century some
+2anFNFW8kDE-00276-00064524-00064721 colonies permitted slaves who converted
+2anFNFW8kDE-00277-00064722-00064916 to Christianity to become free
+2anFNFW8kDE-00278-00064916-00065116 but this possibility was eliminated by
+2anFNFW8kDE-00279-00065117-00065465 the mid 17th century in 1725 Virginia
+2anFNFW8kDE-00280-00065466-00065656 granted slaves the right to establish a
+2anFNFW8kDE-00281-00065657-00065855 church leading to the establishment of
+2anFNFW8kDE-00282-00065856-00066055 the first Church of colored Baptists in
+2anFNFW8kDE-00283-00066056-00066325 many cases throughout the American South
+2anFNFW8kDE-00284-00066326-00066536 slaves created hybrid forms of
+2anFNFW8kDE-00285-00066537-00066718 Christianity mixing elements of
+2anFNFW8kDE-00286-00066719-00066896 traditional African religions with
+2anFNFW8kDE-00287-00066897-00067034 traditional as well as new
+2anFNFW8kDE-00288-00067035-00067243 interpretations of Christianity South
+2anFNFW8kDE-00289-00067244-00067318 Carolina
+2anFNFW8kDE-00290-00067319-00067517 permitted law enforcement to disband any
+2anFNFW8kDE-00291-00067518-00067687 religious meeting where more than half
+2anFNFW8kDE-00292-00067688-00068314 the participants were black
+2anFNFW8kDE-00293-00068315-00068869 topic earnings and possessions
+2anFNFW8kDE-00294-00068870-00069130 masters commonly paid slaves small
+2anFNFW8kDE-00295-00069131-00069301 bonuses at Christmas and some
+2anFNFW8kDE-00296-00069302-00069457 slaveholders permitted them to keep
+2anFNFW8kDE-00297-00069458-00069751 earnings and gambling profits one slave
+2anFNFW8kDE-00298-00069752-00069961 Denmark Vesey bought his freedom with a
+2anFNFW8kDE-00299-00069962-00070240 lottery prize slaves were often given
+2anFNFW8kDE-00300-00070241-00070432 low quality goods by their masters
+2anFNFW8kDE-00301-00070433-00070633 clothes made from rough cloth and shoes
+2anFNFW8kDE-00302-00070634-00071194 from old leather
+2anFNFW8kDE-00303-00071195-00071911 topic in comparison to non slaves Robert
+2anFNFW8kDE-00304-00071912-00072079 Fogel argued that the material
+2anFNFW8kDE-00305-00072080-00072256 conditions of slaves were better than
+2anFNFW8kDE-00306-00072257-00072442 those of free industrial workers
+2anFNFW8kDE-00307-00072443-00072865 however 58% of historians and 42% of
+2anFNFW8kDE-00308-00072866-00073048 economists surveyed disagreed with
+2anFNFW8kDE-00309-00073049-00073315 Fogle's proposition Vogel's view was
+2anFNFW8kDE-00310-00073316-00073498 that while slaves living conditions were
+2anFNFW8kDE-00311-00073499-00073707 poor by modern standards all workers
+2anFNFW8kDE-00312-00073708-00073885 during the first half of the 19th
+2anFNFW8kDE-00313-00073886-00074146 century were subject to hardship he
+2anFNFW8kDE-00314-00074147-00074319 further stated that over the course of
+2anFNFW8kDE-00315-00074320-00074398 their lifetime
+2anFNFW8kDE-00316-00074399-00074629 a typical slave field hand received
+2anFNFW8kDE-00317-00074630-00074923 about 90% of the income he produced
+2anFNFW8kDE-00318-00074924-00075112 slaves were legally considered non
+2anFNFW8kDE-00319-00075113-00075321 persons unless they committed a crime an
+2anFNFW8kDE-00320-00075322-00075576 Alabama Court ruled that slaves are
+2anFNFW8kDE-00321-00075577-00075766 rational beings they are capable of
+2anFNFW8kDE-00322-00075767-00075940 committing crimes and in reference to
+2anFNFW8kDE-00323-00075941-00076129 acts which our crimes are regarded as
+2anFNFW8kDE-00324-00076130-00076401 persons because they're slaves they are
+2anFNFW8kDE-00325-00076402-00076618 incapable of performing civil acts and
+2anFNFW8kDE-00326-00076619-00076798 in reference to all such there are
+2anFNFW8kDE-00327-00076799-00077428 things not persons
+2anFNFW8kDE-00328-00077429-00077987 topic punishment and abuse
+2anFNFW8kDE-00329-00077988-00078198 slaves were punished by whipping
+2anFNFW8kDE-00330-00078199-00078426 shackling hanging beating burning
+2anFNFW8kDE-00331-00078427-00078624 mutilation branding rape and
+2anFNFW8kDE-00332-00078625-00078900 imprisonment punishment was often meted
+2anFNFW8kDE-00333-00078901-00079095 out in response to disobedience or
+2anFNFW8kDE-00334-00079096-00079290 perceived infractions but sometimes
+2anFNFW8kDE-00335-00079291-00079482 abuse was performed to reassert the
+2anFNFW8kDE-00336-00079483-00079689 dominance of the master or overseer over
+2anFNFW8kDE-00337-00079690-00079965 the slave they were punished with knives
+2anFNFW8kDE-00338-00079966-00080316 guns filled tools in nearby objects the
+2anFNFW8kDE-00339-00080317-00080514 whip was the most common instrument used
+2anFNFW8kDE-00340-00080515-00080742 against a slave one said the only
+2anFNFW8kDE-00341-00080743-00080946 punishment that I ever heard her knew of
+2anFNFW8kDE-00342-00080947-00081209 being administered slaves was whipping
+2anFNFW8kDE-00343-00081210-00081444 although he knew several who were beaten
+2anFNFW8kDE-00344-00081445-00081711 to death for offenses such as sassing a
+2anFNFW8kDE-00345-00081712-00082025 white person hitting another negro
+2anFNFW8kDE-00346-00082026-00082344 fussing or fighting in quarters slaves
+2anFNFW8kDE-00347-00082345-00082545 who worked and lived on plantations were
+2anFNFW8kDE-00348-00082546-00082812 the most frequently punished punishment
+2anFNFW8kDE-00349-00082813-00083001 could be administered by the plantation
+2anFNFW8kDE-00350-00083002-00083235 owner or master his wife children or
+2anFNFW8kDE-00351-00083236-00083571 most often the overseer or driver slave
+2anFNFW8kDE-00352-00083572-00083775 overseers were authorized to whip and
+2anFNFW8kDE-00353-00083776-00084018 punish slaves one overseer told a
+2anFNFW8kDE-00354-00084019-00084249 visitor some Negroes are determined
+2anFNFW8kDE-00355-00084250-00084462 never to let a white man whip them and
+2anFNFW8kDE-00356-00084463-00084660 will resist you when you attempt it of
+2anFNFW8kDE-00357-00084661-00084941 course you must kill them in that case a
+2anFNFW8kDE-00358-00084942-00085188 former slave describes witnessing
+2anFNFW8kDE-00359-00085189-00085311 females being whipped
+2anFNFW8kDE-00360-00085312-00085545 they usually screamed and prayed though
+2anFNFW8kDE-00361-00085546-00085857 a few never made a sound if the woman
+2anFNFW8kDE-00362-00085858-00086046 was pregnant workers might dig a hole
+2anFNFW8kDE-00363-00086047-00086202 for her to rest her belly while being
+2anFNFW8kDE-00364-00086203-00086253 whipped
+2anFNFW8kDE-00365-00086254-00086496 after slaves were whipped overseers
+2anFNFW8kDE-00366-00086497-00086685 might order their wounds be burst and
+2anFNFW8kDE-00367-00086686-00086897 rubbed with turpentine and red pepper an
+2anFNFW8kDE-00368-00086898-00087132 overseer reportedly took a brick
+2anFNFW8kDE-00369-00087133-00087327 grounded into a powder mixed it with
+2anFNFW8kDE-00370-00087328-00087531 lard and rubbed it all over a slave the
+2anFNFW8kDE-00371-00087532-00087714 metal collar was put on a slave to
+2anFNFW8kDE-00372-00087715-00087933 remind him of his wrongdoing such
+2anFNFW8kDE-00373-00087934-00088137 collars were thick and heavy they often
+2anFNFW8kDE-00374-00088138-00088326 had protruding spikes which made field
+2anFNFW8kDE-00375-00088327-00088509 work difficult and prevented the slave
+2anFNFW8kDE-00376-00088510-00088674 from sleeping when lying down
+2anFNFW8kDE-00377-00088675-00088959 Luis Cain a former slave describes
+2anFNFW8kDE-00378-00088960-00089193 seeing another slave punished one [__]
+2anFNFW8kDE-00379-00089194-00089418 run to the woods to be a jungle [__]
+2anFNFW8kDE-00380-00089419-00089640 but Massa cotched him with the dog and
+2anFNFW8kDE-00381-00089641-00089937 took a hot iron and brands him then he
+2anFNFW8kDE-00382-00089938-00090162 put a bell on him in a wooden frame what
+2anFNFW8kDE-00383-00090163-00090345 slip over the shoulders and under the
+2anFNFW8kDE-00384-00090346-00090402 arms
+2anFNFW8kDE-00385-00090403-00090681 he made that [__] wear the Bell a year
+2anFNFW8kDE-00386-00090682-00090849 and took it off on Christmas for a
+2anFNFW8kDE-00387-00090850-00090942 present to him
+2anFNFW8kDE-00388-00090943-00091212 it showed did make a good [__] out of
+2anFNFW8kDE-00389-00091213-00091310 him
+2anFNFW8kDE-00390-00091311-00091536 slaves were punished for a number of
+2anFNFW8kDE-00391-00091537-00091749 reasons working too slowly breaking a
+2anFNFW8kDE-00392-00091750-00091971 law for example running away leaving the
+2anFNFW8kDE-00393-00091972-00092130 plantation without permission or
+2anFNFW8kDE-00394-00092131-00092391 insubordination Myers and Massey
+2anFNFW8kDE-00395-00092392-00092625 described the practices the punishment
+2anFNFW8kDE-00396-00092626-00092847 of deviant slaves was decentralized
+2anFNFW8kDE-00397-00092848-00093117 based on plantations and crafted so as
+2anFNFW8kDE-00398-00093118-00093365 not to impede their value as laborers
+2anFNFW8kDE-00399-00093366-00093648 White's punished slaves publicly to set
+2anFNFW8kDE-00400-00093649-00093723 an example
+2anFNFW8kDE-00401-00093724-00093927 a man named Harding describes an
+2anFNFW8kDE-00402-00093928-00094101 incident in which a woman assisted
+2anFNFW8kDE-00403-00094102-00094308 several men in a minor rebellion the
+2anFNFW8kDE-00404-00094309-00094491 women he hoisted up by the thumbs
+2anFNFW8kDE-00405-00094492-00094683 whipp'd and slashed her with knives
+2anFNFW8kDE-00406-00094684-00095040 before the other slaves til she died men
+2anFNFW8kDE-00407-00095041-00095208 and women were sometimes punished
+2anFNFW8kDE-00408-00095209-00095496 differently according to the 1789 report
+2anFNFW8kDE-00409-00095497-00095646 of the Virginia Committee of the Privy
+2anFNFW8kDE-00410-00095647-00095880 Council males were often shackled but
+2anFNFW8kDE-00411-00095881-00096069 women and girls were left free the
+2anFNFW8kDE-00412-00096070-00096231 branding of slaves for identification
+2anFNFW8kDE-00413-00096232-00096423 was common during the colonial era
+2anFNFW8kDE-00414-00096424-00096675 however by the 19th century it was used
+2anFNFW8kDE-00415-00096676-00096993 primarily as punishment mutilation such
+2anFNFW8kDE-00416-00096994-00097230 as castration or amputating years was a
+2anFNFW8kDE-00417-00097231-00097428 relatively common punishment during the
+2anFNFW8kDE-00418-00097429-00097749 colonial era and still used in 1830 any
+2anFNFW8kDE-00419-00097750-00097950 punishment was permitted for runaway
+2anFNFW8kDE-00420-00097951-00098190 slaves and many bore wounds from shotgun
+2anFNFW8kDE-00421-00098191-00098382 blasts or dog bites used by their
+2anFNFW8kDE-00422-00098383-00098715 captors in 1717 Maryland law provided
+2anFNFW8kDE-00423-00098716-00098904 that slaves were not entitled to a jury
+2anFNFW8kDE-00424-00098905-00099102 trial for a misdemeanor and empowered
+2anFNFW8kDE-00425-00099103-00099312 County judges to impose a punishment of
+2anFNFW8kDE-00426-00099313-00099708 up to 40 lashes in 1729 the colony
+2anFNFW8kDE-00427-00099709-00099891 passed a law permitting punishment for
+2anFNFW8kDE-00428-00099892-00100119 slaves including hanging decapitation
+2anFNFW8kDE-00429-00100120-00100296 and cutting the body into four quarters
+2anFNFW8kDE-00430-00100297-00100584 for public display in 1740 South
+2anFNFW8kDE-00431-00100585-00100746 Carolina passed a law prohibiting
+2anFNFW8kDE-00432-00100747-00100902 Cruelty to slaves
+2anFNFW8kDE-00433-00100903-00101085 however slaves could still be killed
+2anFNFW8kDE-00434-00101086-00101337 under some circumstances the ante
+2anFNFW8kDE-00435-00101338-00101535 cruelty law prohibited cutting out the
+2anFNFW8kDE-00436-00101536-00101730 tongue putting out the eye castration
+2anFNFW8kDE-00437-00101731-00101925 scalding burning and amputating limbs
+2anFNFW8kDE-00438-00101926-00102153 but permitted whipping beating putting
+2anFNFW8kDE-00439-00102154-00102465 in irons and imprisonment in 1852 Utah
+2anFNFW8kDE-00440-00102466-00102663 passed the Act in relation to service
+2anFNFW8kDE-00441-00102664-00102858 which provided several protections for
+2anFNFW8kDE-00442-00102858-00103101 slaves they were freed if the slave
+2anFNFW8kDE-00443-00103102-00103302 owner was found guilty of cruelty or
+2anFNFW8kDE-00444-00103303-00103518 abuse or neglect to feed clothe or
+2anFNFW8kDE-00445-00103519-00103698 shelter the slave or if there were any
+2anFNFW8kDE-00446-00103699-00103902 sexual intercourse between the master
+2anFNFW8kDE-00447-00103903-00104166 and the slave the definition of cruelty
+2anFNFW8kDE-00448-00104167-00104370 was vague and hard to enforce and in
+2anFNFW8kDE-00449-00104371-00104547 practice slaves received similar
+2anFNFW8kDE-00450-00104548-00104730 treatment to those in the
+2anFNFW8kDE-00451-00104731-00105179 you
+2anFNFW8kDE-00452-00105180-00105735 topic laws governing treatment
+2anFNFW8kDE-00453-00105736-00105979 by law slaveholders could be fined for
+2anFNFW8kDE-00454-00105980-00106218 not punishing recaptured runaway slaves
+2anFNFW8kDE-00455-00106219-00106540 slave codes authorized indemnified or
+2anFNFW8kDE-00456-00106541-00106744 required violence and were denounced by
+2anFNFW8kDE-00457-00106745-00107008 abolitionists for their brutality both
+2anFNFW8kDE-00458-00107008-00107235 slaves and free blacks were regulated by
+2anFNFW8kDE-00459-00107236-00107329 the Black Codes
+2anFNFW8kDE-00460-00107330-00107470 and their movements were monitored by
+2anFNFW8kDE-00461-00107471-00107668 slave patrols conscripted from the white
+2anFNFW8kDE-00462-00107669-00107947 population the patrols were authorized
+2anFNFW8kDE-00463-00107948-00108121 to use summary punishment against
+2anFNFW8kDE-00464-00108122-00108331 escapees in the process they sometimes
+2anFNFW8kDE-00465-00108332-00108679 maimed or killed the escapees historian
+2anFNFW8kDE-00466-00108680-00108844 Nell Irvin painter and others have
+2anFNFW8kDE-00467-00108845-00109035 documented that southern history went
+2anFNFW8kDE-00468-00109036-00109327 across the color line contemporary
+2anFNFW8kDE-00469-00109328-00109513 accounts by Mary chestnut and Fanny
+2anFNFW8kDE-00470-00109514-00109699 Kemble both married in the deep south
+2anFNFW8kDE-00471-00109700-00109911 planter class and accounts by former
+2anFNFW8kDE-00472-00109913-00110061 slaves gathered by the Works Progress
+2anFNFW8kDE-00473-00110063-00110407 Administration WPA attested to the abuse
+2anFNFW8kDE-00474-00110408-00110596 of women slaves by white owners and
+2anFNFW8kDE-00475-00110597-00111119 overseers
+2anFNFW8kDE-00476-00111120-00111623 topic slave codes
+2anFNFW8kDE-00477-00111624-00111851 the slave-owning colonies had laws
+2anFNFW8kDE-00478-00111852-00112052 governing the control and punishment of
+2anFNFW8kDE-00479-00112053-00112252 slaves which were known as slave codes
+2anFNFW8kDE-00480-00112253-00112532 South Carolina established its slave
+2anFNFW8kDE-00481-00112533-00112874 code in 1712 based on the 1688 English
+2anFNFW8kDE-00482-00112875-00113132 slave code in Barbados the South
+2anFNFW8kDE-00483-00113133-00113345 Carolina slave code was a model for
+2anFNFW8kDE-00484-00113346-00113702 other North American colonies in 1770
+2anFNFW8kDE-00485-00113703-00113935 Georgia adopted the South Carolina slave
+2anFNFW8kDE-00486-00113936-00114131 code and Florida adopted the Georgia
+2anFNFW8kDE-00487-00114132-00114511 code the 1712 South Carolina slave code
+2anFNFW8kDE-00488-00114513-00114821 included the following provisions slaves
+2anFNFW8kDE-00489-00114822-00114971 were forbidden to leave the owners
+2anFNFW8kDE-00490-00114972-00115163 property unless accompanied by a white
+2anFNFW8kDE-00491-00115164-00115418 person or with permission if a slave
+2anFNFW8kDE-00492-00115419-00115571 left the owners property without
+2anFNFW8kDE-00493-00115572-00115844 permission every white person was
+2anFNFW8kDE-00494-00115845-00116150 required to chastise them any slave
+2anFNFW8kDE-00495-00116151-00116324 attempting to run away and leave the
+2anFNFW8kDE-00496-00116325-00116522 colony later the state received the
+2anFNFW8kDE-00497-00116523-00116804 death penalty any slave who evaded
+2anFNFW8kDE-00498-00116805-00117032 capture for 20 days or more was to be
+2anFNFW8kDE-00499-00117033-00117197 publicly whipped for the first offense
+2anFNFW8kDE-00500-00117198-00117515 branded within are on the right cheek on
+2anFNFW8kDE-00501-00117516-00117707 the second offense lose one year if
+2anFNFW8kDE-00502-00117708-00117917 absent for 30 days on the third offense
+2anFNFW8kDE-00503-00117918-00118144 and castrated on the fourth offense
+2anFNFW8kDE-00504-00118145-00118397 owners refusing to abide by the slave
+2anFNFW8kDE-00505-00118398-00118571 code were fined and forfeited their
+2anFNFW8kDE-00506-00118572-00118885 slaves slave homes were searched every
+2anFNFW8kDE-00507-00118886-00119128 two weeks for weapons or stolen goods
+2anFNFW8kDE-00508-00119129-00119393 punishment escalated from loss of an ear
+2anFNFW8kDE-00509-00119394-00119582 branding and nose slitting to death on
+2anFNFW8kDE-00510-00119583-00119860 the fourth offense no slave could work
+2anFNFW8kDE-00511-00119861-00120116 for pay plant corn peas or rice keep
+2anFNFW8kDE-00512-00120117-00120380 hogs cattle or horses own or operate a
+2anFNFW8kDE-00513-00120381-00120617 boat buy or sell or wear clothes finer
+2anFNFW8kDE-00514-00120618-00120914 than Negro cloth the South Carolina
+2anFNFW8kDE-00515-00120915-00121232 slave code was revised in 1739 with the
+2anFNFW8kDE-00516-00121233-00121517 following amendments no slave could be
+2anFNFW8kDE-00517-00121518-00121721 taught to write work on Sunday or work
+2anFNFW8kDE-00518-00121722-00121955 more than 15 hours per day in summer and
+2anFNFW8kDE-00519-00121956-00122284 14 hours in winter the willful killing
+2anFNFW8kDE-00520-00122285-00122527 of a slave was fined 700 pounds and
+2anFNFW8kDE-00521-00122528-00123029 passion killing 350 pounds the fine for
+2anFNFW8kDE-00522-00123030-00123320 concealing runaway slaves was $1,000 in
+2anFNFW8kDE-00523-00123321-00123629 a prison sentence up to one year a fine
+2anFNFW8kDE-00524-00123630-00123890 of $100 and six months in prison were
+2anFNFW8kDE-00525-00123891-00124097 imposed for employing a Freeman or slave
+2anFNFW8kDE-00526-00124098-00124496 as a clerk a fine of $100 and six months
+2anFNFW8kDE-00527-00124497-00124684 in prison were imposed for selling or
+2anFNFW8kDE-00528-00124685-00124972 giving alcoholic beverages to slaves
+2anFNFW8kDE-00529-00124973-00125263 a fine of $100 and six months in prison
+2anFNFW8kDE-00530-00125264-00125482 were imposed for teaching a slave to
+2anFNFW8kDE-00531-00125483-00125653 read and write the death penalty was
+2anFNFW8kDE-00532-00125654-00125827 imposed for circulating incendiary
+2anFNFW8kDE-00533-00125828-00126175 literature freeing a slave was forbidden
+2anFNFW8kDE-00534-00126176-00126442 except by deed after 18-20 only by
+2anFNFW8kDE-00535-00126443-00126640 permission of the legislature Georgia
+2anFNFW8kDE-00536-00126641-00126922 required legislative approval after 1801
+2anFNFW8kDE-00537-00126923-00127153 the slave codes in the tobacco colonies
+2anFNFW8kDE-00538-00127154-00127402 Delaware Maryland North Carolina and
+2anFNFW8kDE-00539-00127403-00127584 Virginia were modeled on the Virginia
+2anFNFW8kDE-00540-00127585-00128014 Code established in 1667 the 1680 to
+2anFNFW8kDE-00541-00128015-00128221 Virginia code included the following
+2anFNFW8kDE-00542-00128222-00128500 provisions slaves were prohibited from
+2anFNFW8kDE-00543-00128501-00128773 possessing weapons slaves were
+2anFNFW8kDE-00544-00128774-00128941 prohibited from leaving their owners
+2anFNFW8kDE-00545-00128942-00129132 plantation without permission
+2anFNFW8kDE-00546-00129133-00129400 slaves were prohibited from attacking a
+2anFNFW8kDE-00547-00129401-00129604 white person even in self-defense
+2anFNFW8kDE-00548-00129605-00129925 a runaway slave refusing to surrender
+2anFNFW8kDE-00549-00129926-00130549 could be killed without penalty
+2anFNFW8kDE-00550-00130550-00131141 topic owners convicted of crimes
+2anFNFW8kDE-00551-00131142-00131435 in 1811 Arthur William Hodge was the
+2anFNFW8kDE-00552-00131436-00131619 first slaveholder executed for the
+2anFNFW8kDE-00553-00131620-00131765 murder of a slave in the British West
+2anFNFW8kDE-00554-00131766-00132071 Indies however he was not as some have
+2anFNFW8kDE-00555-00132072-00132254 claimed the first white person to have
+2anFNFW8kDE-00556-00132255-00132415 been executed for killing a slave
+2anFNFW8kDE-00557-00132416-00132686 records indicate at least two earlier
+2anFNFW8kDE-00558-00132687-00133061 incidents on November 23rd 1739 in
+2anFNFW8kDE-00559-00133062-00133301 Williamsburg Virginia two white men
+2anFNFW8kDE-00560-00133302-00133472 Charles Quinn and David white were
+2anFNFW8kDE-00561-00133473-00133620 hanged for the murder of another white
+2anFNFW8kDE-00562-00133621-00134051 man slave on April 21st 1775 the
+2anFNFW8kDE-00563-00134052-00134232 Virginia Gazette in Fredericksburg
+2anFNFW8kDE-00564-00134233-00134408 reported that a white man William
+2anFNFW8kDE-00565-00134409-00134579 Pittman was hanged for the murder of his
+2anFNFW8kDE-00566-00134580-00134781 own slave laws punishing whites for
+2anFNFW8kDE-00567-00134782-00134931 punishing their slaves were weakly
+2anFNFW8kDE-00568-00134932-00135231 enforced or easily avoided in Smith v
+2anFNFW8kDE-00569-00135232-00135452 Hancock the defendant justified
+2anFNFW8kDE-00570-00135453-00135674 punishing his slave to a white jury the
+2anFNFW8kDE-00571-00135675-00135863 slave was attending an unlawful meeting
+2anFNFW8kDE-00572-00135864-00136056 discussed rebellion refused to surrender
+2anFNFW8kDE-00573-00136057-00136271 and resisted the arresting officer by
+2anFNFW8kDE-00574-00136272-00136824 force
+2anFNFW8kDE-00575-00136825-00137444 topic sexual relations and rape
+2anFNFW8kDE-00576-00137445-00137787 you
+2anFNFW8kDE-00577-00137788-00138167 topic rape and sexual abuse
+2anFNFW8kDE-00578-00138168-00138382 you
+2anFNFW8kDE-00579-00138383-00138643 slavery in the United States encompassed
+2anFNFW8kDE-00580-00138644-00138916 wide-ranging rape and sexual abuse many
+2anFNFW8kDE-00581-00138917-00139108 slaves fought back against sexual
+2anFNFW8kDE-00582-00139109-00139297 attacks and some died resisting them
+2anFNFW8kDE-00583-00139298-00139510 others were left with psychological and
+2anFNFW8kDE-00584-00139511-00139786 physical scars soul murder the feeling
+2anFNFW8kDE-00585-00139787-00139968 of anger depression and low self-esteem
+2anFNFW8kDE-00586-00139969-00140314 is how historian Nell Irvin painter
+2anFNFW8kDE-00587-00140315-00140485 describes the effects of this abuse
+2anFNFW8kDE-00588-00140486-00140842 linking it to slavery slaves regularly
+2anFNFW8kDE-00589-00140843-00141034 suppressed anger before their masters to
+2anFNFW8kDE-00590-00141035-00141226 avoid showing weakness Harriet Jacobs
+2anFNFW8kDE-00591-00141227-00141409 said in her narrative that she believed
+2anFNFW8kDE-00592-00141410-00141589 her mistress was jealous of her masters
+2anFNFW8kDE-00593-00141590-00141793 sexual interest in her the reason she
+2anFNFW8kDE-00594-00141794-00142039 did not try to protect her victims of
+2anFNFW8kDE-00595-00142040-00142216 abuse during slavery may have blamed
+2anFNFW8kDE-00596-00142217-00142390 themselves for the incidents due to
+2anFNFW8kDE-00597-00142391-00142585 their isolation rape laws in the South
+2anFNFW8kDE-00598-00142586-00142792 embodied a race-based double standard
+2anFNFW8kDE-00599-00142793-00143047 black men accused of rape during the
+2anFNFW8kDE-00600-00143048-00143251 colonial period were often punished with
+2anFNFW8kDE-00601-00143252-00143455 castration and the penalty was increased
+2anFNFW8kDE-00602-00143456-00143623 to death during the antebellum period
+2anFNFW8kDE-00603-00143624-00143833 however white men could rape female
+2anFNFW8kDE-00604-00143834-00144094 slaves without fear of punishment men
+2anFNFW8kDE-00605-00144095-00144313 and boys were also sexually abused by
+2anFNFW8kDE-00606-00144314-00144571 slaveholders Thomas foster says that
+2anFNFW8kDE-00607-00144572-00144748 although historians have begun to cover
+2anFNFW8kDE-00608-00144749-00145015 sexual abuse during slavery few focus on
+2anFNFW8kDE-00609-00145016-00145240 sexual abuse of men and boys because of
+2anFNFW8kDE-00610-00145241-00145435 the assumption that only enslaved women
+2anFNFW8kDE-00611-00145436-00145732 were victimized Foster suggests that men
+2anFNFW8kDE-00612-00145733-00145936 and boys may have also been forced into
+2anFNFW8kDE-00613-00145937-00146200 unwanted sexual activity one problem in
+2anFNFW8kDE-00614-00146201-00146410 documenting such abuse as that they of
+2anFNFW8kDE-00615-00146411-00146601 course did not bear mixed-race children
+2anFNFW8kDE-00616-00146602-00146875 both masters and mistresses were thought
+2anFNFW8kDE-00617-00146876-00147103 to have abused male slaves Angela Davis
+2anFNFW8kDE-00618-00147104-00147313 contends that the systematic rape of
+2anFNFW8kDE-00619-00147314-00147496 female slaves is analogous to the
+2anFNFW8kDE-00620-00147497-00147703 medieval concept of droit du señor
+2anFNFW8kDE-00621-00147704-00147835 believing that the rapes were a
+2anFNFW8kDE-00622-00147836-00148030 deliberate effort by slaveholders to
+2anFNFW8kDE-00623-00148031-00148216 extinguish resistance in women and
+2anFNFW8kDE-00624-00148217-00148420 reduce them to the status of animals the
+2anFNFW8kDE-00625-00148421-00148633 sexual abuse of slaves was partially
+2anFNFW8kDE-00626-00148634-00148849 rooted in a patriarchal southern culture
+2anFNFW8kDE-00627-00148850-00149038 which treated all women black and white
+2anFNFW8kDE-00628-00149039-00149308 as property although southern mores
+2anFNFW8kDE-00629-00149309-00149512 regarded white women as dependent and
+2anFNFW8kDE-00630-00149513-00149671 submissive black women were often
+2anFNFW8kDE-00631-00149672-00149842 consigned to a life of sexual
+2anFNFW8kDE-00632-00149843-00150124 exploitation racial purity was the
+2anFNFW8kDE-00633-00150125-00150286 driving force behind the southern
+2anFNFW8kDE-00634-00150287-00150511 cultures prohibition of sexual relations
+2anFNFW8kDE-00635-00150512-00150688 between white women and black men
+2anFNFW8kDE-00636-00150689-00150892 however the same culture protected
+2anFNFW8kDE-00637-00150893-00151102 sexual relations between white men and
+2anFNFW8kDE-00638-00151103-00151360 black women the result was a number of
+2anFNFW8kDE-00639-00151361-00151669 mixed-race mulatto offspring many women
+2anFNFW8kDE-00640-00151670-00151744 were raped
+2anFNFW8kDE-00641-00151745-00151952 had little control over their families
+2anFNFW8kDE-00642-00151953-00152238 children free women indentured servants
+2anFNFW8kDE-00643-00152239-00152415 and men were not immune from abuse by
+2anFNFW8kDE-00644-00152416-00152656 masters and owners Nell Irvin painter
+2anFNFW8kDE-00645-00152657-00152869 also explains that the psychological
+2anFNFW8kDE-00646-00152870-00153078 outcome of such treatment often had the
+2anFNFW8kDE-00647-00153079-00153414 same results soul murder children
+2anFNFW8kDE-00648-00153415-00153615 especially young girls were often
+2anFNFW8kDE-00649-00153616-00153801 subjected to sexual abuse by their
+2anFNFW8kDE-00650-00153802-00153987 masters their masters children and
+2anFNFW8kDE-00651-00153988-00154064 relatives
+2anFNFW8kDE-00652-00154065-00154336 similarly indentured servants and slave
+2anFNFW8kDE-00653-00154337-00154554 women were often abused since these
+2anFNFW8kDE-00654-00154555-00154735 women had no control over where they
+2anFNFW8kDE-00655-00154736-00154902 went or what they did their masters
+2anFNFW8kDE-00656-00154903-00155103 could manipulate them into situations of
+2anFNFW8kDE-00657-00155104-00155316 high risk for instance forcing them into
+2anFNFW8kDE-00658-00155317-00155506 a dark field or making them sleep in
+2anFNFW8kDE-00659-00155507-00155679 their masters bedroom to be available
+2anFNFW8kDE-00660-00155680-00155964 for service free or white women could
+2anFNFW8kDE-00661-00155965-00156157 charge their perpetrators with rape but
+2anFNFW8kDE-00662-00156158-00156375 slave women had no legal recourse their
+2anFNFW8kDE-00663-00156376-00156556 bodies legally belonged to their owners
+2anFNFW8kDE-00664-00156557-00156847 this record has also given historians
+2anFNFW8kDE-00665-00156848-00157089 the opportunity to explore sexual abuse
+2anFNFW8kDE-00666-00157090-00157285 during slavery and populations other
+2anFNFW8kDE-00667-00157286-00157701 than enslaved women in 1662 the southern
+2anFNFW8kDE-00668-00157702-00157933 colonies adopted into law the principle
+2anFNFW8kDE-00669-00157934-00158146 of par - sequitur ventra by which the
+2anFNFW8kDE-00670-00158147-00158337 children of slave women took the status
+2anFNFW8kDE-00671-00158338-00158516 of their mothers regardless of paternity
+2anFNFW8kDE-00672-00158517-00158806 this was a departure from English common
+2anFNFW8kDE-00673-00158807-00158983 law which held that children took the
+2anFNFW8kDE-00674-00158984-00159240 status of their father some fathers
+2anFNFW8kDE-00675-00159241-00159409 freed their children but many did not
+2anFNFW8kDE-00676-00159410-00159678 the law relieved men of responsibility
+2anFNFW8kDE-00677-00159679-00159874 to support their children and restricted
+2anFNFW8kDE-00678-00159875-00160072 the open secret of miscegenation to the
+2anFNFW8kDE-00679-00160073-00160163 slave quarters
+2anFNFW8kDE-00680-00160164-00160452 however europeans and other visitors to
+2anFNFW8kDE-00681-00160453-00160609 the south noted the number of mixed-race
+2anFNFW8kDE-00682-00160610-00160945 slaves during the 19th century married
+2anFNFW8kDE-00683-00160946-00161151 chestnut and Fanny Kemble whose husbands
+2anFNFW8kDE-00684-00161152-00161362 were planters chronicled the disgrace of
+2anFNFW8kDE-00685-00161363-00161569 white men taking sexual advantage of
+2anFNFW8kDE-00686-00161570-00162114 slave women
+2anFNFW8kDE-00687-00162115-00162673 topic resisting reproduction
+2anFNFW8kDE-00688-00162674-00162913 some women resisted reproduction in
+2anFNFW8kDE-00689-00162914-00163132 order to resist slavery they found
+2anFNFW8kDE-00690-00163133-00163288 medicine or herbs to terminate
+2anFNFW8kDE-00691-00163289-00163539 pregnancies or practiced abstinence for
+2anFNFW8kDE-00692-00163540-00163759 example chewing on cotton root was one
+2anFNFW8kDE-00693-00163760-00163921 of the more popular methods to perform
+2anFNFW8kDE-00694-00163922-00164238 abortion and end a pregnancy this method
+2anFNFW8kDE-00695-00164239-00164431 was often used as the plant was readily
+2anFNFW8kDE-00696-00164432-00164628 available especially for the women who
+2anFNFW8kDE-00697-00164629-00164911 worked in cotton fields gossip Paul was
+2anFNFW8kDE-00698-00164912-00165102 one of the many substances found in all
+2anFNFW8kDE-00699-00165103-00165274 parts of the cotton plant and it was
+2anFNFW8kDE-00700-00165275-00165475 described by scientists as poisonous
+2anFNFW8kDE-00701-00165476-00165709 pigment it appears to inhibit the
+2anFNFW8kDE-00702-00165710-00165901 development of sperm or restrict the
+2anFNFW8kDE-00703-00165902-00166188 mobility of the sperm also it is thought
+2anFNFW8kDE-00704-00166189-00166387 to interfere with the menstrual cycle by
+2anFNFW8kDE-00705-00166388-00166515 restricting the release of certain
+2anFNFW8kDE-00706-00166516-00166768 hormones woman's knowledge of different
+2anFNFW8kDE-00707-00166769-00167001 forms of contraception help them control
+2anFNFW8kDE-00708-00167002-00167200 some factors in their life by resisting
+2anFNFW8kDE-00709-00167201-00167413 reproduction enslaved women took control
+2anFNFW8kDE-00710-00167414-00167598 over their bodies in their lives
+2anFNFW8kDE-00711-00167599-00167950 Richard filler' says by consciously
+2anFNFW8kDE-00712-00167951-00168118 avoiding pregnancy or through
+2anFNFW8kDE-00713-00168119-00168334 gynecological resistance black women
+2anFNFW8kDE-00714-00168335-00168538 reclaimed their own bodies frustrated
+2anFNFW8kDE-00715-00168539-00168753 the planters pronatalist policies and in
+2anFNFW8kDE-00716-00168754-00168937 turn to fight white male constructions
+2anFNFW8kDE-00717-00168938-00169188 of their sexuality whether swallowing
+2anFNFW8kDE-00718-00169189-00169389 abortifacients such as calomel in
+2anFNFW8kDE-00719-00169390-00169566 turpentine or chewing on natural
+2anFNFW8kDE-00720-00169567-00169791 contraceptives like cotton roots or okra
+2anFNFW8kDE-00721-00169792-00169996 slave women wove contraception and
+2anFNFW8kDE-00722-00169997-00170182 miscarriages through the dark fabric of
+2anFNFW8kDE-00723-00170183-00170485 slave oppositional culture by using
+2anFNFW8kDE-00724-00170486-00170715 various ways to resist reproduction some
+2anFNFW8kDE-00725-00170716-00170893 women convinced their masters that could
+2anFNFW8kDE-00726-00170894-00171141 not bear children deborah gray white
+2anFNFW8kDE-00727-00171142-00171349 cites several cases of women who were
+2anFNFW8kDE-00728-00171350-00171508 considered by their masters to be
+2anFNFW8kDE-00729-00171509-00171769 infertile during slavery these women
+2anFNFW8kDE-00730-00171770-00171958 went on to have several healthy children
+2anFNFW8kDE-00731-00171959-00172152 after they were freed other slave women
+2anFNFW8kDE-00732-00172153-00172413 used abstinence slave men and women
+2anFNFW8kDE-00733-00172414-00172602 appeared to have practiced abstinence
+2anFNFW8kDE-00734-00172603-00172795 often with the intention of denying
+2anFNFW8kDE-00735-00172796-00173127 their master any more human capital it
+2anFNFW8kDE-00736-00173128-00173299 was not just women who resisted
+2anFNFW8kDE-00737-00173300-00173514 reproduction in some instances men did
+2anFNFW8kDE-00738-00173515-00173809 also an ex-slave Virginia Yarborough
+2anFNFW8kDE-00739-00173810-00174054 explained how one slave woman persuaded
+2anFNFW8kDE-00740-00174055-00174226 the man that her master told her to live
+2anFNFW8kDE-00741-00174227-00174493 with to practice abstinence after three
+2anFNFW8kDE-00742-00174494-00174678 months the master realized that the
+2anFNFW8kDE-00743-00174679-00174832 couple were not going to produce any
+2anFNFW8kDE-00744-00174833-00175021 children so he let her live with the man
+2anFNFW8kDE-00745-00175022-00175234 of her choice and they had children by
+2anFNFW8kDE-00746-00175235-00175464 abstaining from sexual intercourse she
+2anFNFW8kDE-00747-00175465-00175701 was able to resist her master's wishes
+2anFNFW8kDE-00748-00175702-00175890 and live and have children with the man
+2anFNFW8kDE-00749-00175891-00176025 she loved
+2anFNFW8kDE-00750-00176026-00176259 women resisted reproduction to avoid
+2anFNFW8kDE-00751-00176260-00176463 bringing children into slavery and to
+2anFNFW8kDE-00752-00176464-00176654 deprive their owners of future property
+2anFNFW8kDE-00753-00176655-00176889 and profit in addition to the labor they
+2anFNFW8kDE-00754-00176890-00177120 provided slaves were a profitable
+2anFNFW8kDE-00755-00177121-00177333 investment their prices rose steadily
+2anFNFW8kDE-00756-00177334-00177573 throughout the antebellum era as did the
+2anFNFW8kDE-00757-00177574-00177779 return that slave owners could expect
+2anFNFW8kDE-00758-00177780-00178137 when slaves reproduced lessee and parent
+2anFNFW8kDE-00759-00178138-00178422 rights in avoiding direct confrontation
+2anFNFW8kDE-00760-00178423-00178674 slave women had the potential to resist
+2anFNFW8kDE-00761-00178675-00178872 in a way which pierced the very heart of
+2anFNFW8kDE-00762-00178873-00179094 slavery by defying white slave owners
+2anFNFW8kDE-00763-00179095-00179291 the labor and profits that their
+2anFNFW8kDE-00764-00179292-00179586 children would one day provide women
+2anFNFW8kDE-00765-00179587-00179787 knew that slave children were forced to
+2anFNFW8kDE-00766-00179788-00180051 start working at a very young age life
+2anFNFW8kDE-00767-00180052-00180266 was harsh under slavery with little time
+2anFNFW8kDE-00768-00180267-00180546 for a mother and child to bond enslaved
+2anFNFW8kDE-00769-00180547-00180693 women and their children could be
+2anFNFW8kDE-00770-00180694-00180945 separated at anytime women were forced
+2anFNFW8kDE-00771-00180946-00181128 to do heavy work even if pregnant
+2anFNFW8kDE-00772-00181129-00181371 sometimes this caused miscarriage or
+2anFNFW8kDE-00773-00181372-00181533 difficulties in childbirth
+2anFNFW8kDE-00774-00181534-00181773 Richard Follette explains that heavy
+2anFNFW8kDE-00775-00181774-00182019 physical work undermines reproductive
+2anFNFW8kDE-00776-00182020-00182253 fitness specifically ovarian function
+2anFNFW8kDE-00777-00182254-00182528 and thus limits success in procreation
+2anFNFW8kDE-00778-00182529-00182832 an enslaved woman carried her infant
+2anFNFW8kDE-00779-00182833-00183027 with her to field work nursing it during
+2anFNFW8kDE-00780-00183028-00183318 brief breaks for instance in freedom on
+2anFNFW8kDE-00781-00183319-00183543 my mind it is said that as an infant he
+2anFNFW8kDE-00782-00183544-00183681 wrote on his mother's back while she
+2anFNFW8kDE-00783-00183682-00183948 worked in the fields to nurse women's
+2anFNFW8kDE-00784-00183949-00184176 use of contraception was resistance in a
+2anFNFW8kDE-00785-00184177-00184368 form of strike since slave women were
+2anFNFW8kDE-00786-00184369-00184584 expected to reproduce despite acts of
+2anFNFW8kDE-00787-00184585-00184815 resistance many slave women had numerous
+2anFNFW8kDE-00788-00184816-00185078 children Peter kolchin notes that some
+2anFNFW8kDE-00789-00185079-00185277 historians estimate a birth rate of
+2anFNFW8kDE-00790-00185278-00185465 seven children per slave woman during
+2anFNFW8kDE-00791-00185466-00185673 the antebellum era which was an era of
+2anFNFW8kDE-00792-00185674-00186366 large families among free women as well
+2anFNFW8kDE-00793-00186367-00186890 topic effects on womanhood
+2anFNFW8kDE-00794-00186891-00187120 slave women were unable to maintain
+2anFNFW8kDE-00795-00187121-00187321 African traditions although some were
+2anFNFW8kDE-00796-00187322-00187585 carried on African women were born
+2anFNFW8kDE-00797-00187586-00187744 raised to give birth there were no
+2anFNFW8kDE-00798-00187745-00187972 rituals or cultural customs under
+2anFNFW8kDE-00799-00187973-00188178 extreme conditions the desire and
+2anFNFW8kDE-00800-00188179-00188391 ability of women to have children is
+2anFNFW8kDE-00801-00188392-00188749 reduced slavery removed everything that
+2anFNFW8kDE-00802-00188750-00189053 made them feel woman motherly African a
+2anFNFW8kDE-00803-00189054-00189349 normal African family life was
+2anFNFW8kDE-00804-00189350-00189552 impossible women were in the field most
+2anFNFW8kDE-00805-00189553-00189712 of the day and fathers were almost
+2anFNFW8kDE-00806-00189713-00190050 non-existent in Africa motherhood was
+2anFNFW8kDE-00807-00190051-00190275 the fulfillment of female adulthood and
+2anFNFW8kDE-00808-00190276-00190491 fertility the African woman's greatest
+2anFNFW8kDE-00809-00190492-00191091 gift
+2anFNFW8kDE-00810-00191092-00191598 topic slave breeding
+2anFNFW8kDE-00811-00191599-00191817 slave breeding was the attempt by a
+2anFNFW8kDE-00812-00191818-00191973 slave owner to influence the
+2anFNFW8kDE-00813-00191974-00192240 reproduction of his slaves for profit it
+2anFNFW8kDE-00814-00192241-00192465 included forced sexual relations between
+2anFNFW8kDE-00815-00192466-00192732 male and female slaves encouraging slave
+2anFNFW8kDE-00816-00192733-00192948 pregnancies sexual relations between
+2anFNFW8kDE-00817-00192949-00193146 master and slave to produce slave
+2anFNFW8kDE-00818-00193147-00193365 children and favoring female slaves who
+2anFNFW8kDE-00819-00193366-00193611 had many children Nobel economist Robert
+2anFNFW8kDE-00820-00193612-00193802 Fogel disagreed in his controversial
+2anFNFW8kDE-00821-00193803-00194040 1970s work that slave breeding and
+2anFNFW8kDE-00822-00194041-00194247 sexual exploitation destroyed black
+2anFNFW8kDE-00823-00194248-00194529 families Fogle argued that since the
+2anFNFW8kDE-00824-00194530-00194727 family was the basic unit of social
+2anFNFW8kDE-00825-00194728-00194946 organization under slavery it was in the
+2anFNFW8kDE-00826-00194947-00195147 economic interest of slaveholders to
+2anFNFW8kDE-00827-00195148-00195303 encourage the stability of slave
+2anFNFW8kDE-00828-00195304-00195594 families and most did sell most slave
+2anFNFW8kDE-00829-00195595-00195810 sales were either of entire families or
+2anFNFW8kDE-00830-00195811-00195999 of individuals at an age when it would
+2anFNFW8kDE-00831-00196000-00196169 have been normal for them to leave home
+2anFNFW8kDE-00832-00196170-00196440 however testimony from former slaves
+2anFNFW8kDE-00833-00196441-00196662 does not support Fogle's view for
+2anFNFW8kDE-00834-00196663-00196854 instance Frederick Douglass who grew up
+2anFNFW8kDE-00835-00196855-00197052 as a slave in Maryland reported the
+2anFNFW8kDE-00836-00197053-00197274 systematic separation of slave families
+2anFNFW8kDE-00837-00197275-00197475 and widespread rape of slave women to
+2anFNFW8kDE-00838-00197476-00197751 boost slave numbers with the development
+2anFNFW8kDE-00839-00197752-00197943 of cotton plantations in the deep south
+2anFNFW8kDE-00840-00197944-00198159 planters in the upper South frequently
+2anFNFW8kDE-00841-00198160-00198474 broke up families to sell surplus male
+2anFNFW8kDE-00842-00198475-00198720 slaves to other markets in addition
+2anFNFW8kDE-00843-00198721-00198942 court cases such as those of Margaret
+2anFNFW8kDE-00844-00198943-00199197 garner in Ohio or Celia a slave in
+2anFNFW8kDE-00845-00199198-00199398 nineteenth-century Missouri who killed
+2anFNFW8kDE-00846-00199399-00199572 her master went pregnant by him for the
+2anFNFW8kDE-00847-00199573-00199770 third time dealt with women's slaves who
+2anFNFW8kDE-00848-00199771-00199923 had been sexually abused by their
+2anFNFW8kDE-00849-00199924-00200461 masters
+2anFNFW8kDE-00850-00200462-00201124 topic families slaves were predominantly
+2anFNFW8kDE-00851-00201125-00201337 male during the early colonial era but
+2anFNFW8kDE-00852-00201338-00201526 the ratio of male to female slaves
+2anFNFW8kDE-00853-00201527-00201816 became more equal in later years under
+2anFNFW8kDE-00854-00201817-00202036 slavery planters and other slaveholders
+2anFNFW8kDE-00855-00202037-00202207 owned controlled and sold entire
+2anFNFW8kDE-00856-00202208-00202468 families of slaves the slave population
+2anFNFW8kDE-00857-00202469-00202675 increased in the southern United States
+2anFNFW8kDE-00858-00202676-00202914 as native born slaves produced large
+2anFNFW8kDE-00859-00202915-00203200 families slave women were at high risk
+2anFNFW8kDE-00860-00203201-00203434 for sexual abuse from slave owners and
+2anFNFW8kDE-00861-00203435-00203656 their sons overseers or other white men
+2anFNFW8kDE-00862-00203657-00203901 in power as well as from male slaves
+2anFNFW8kDE-00863-00203902-00204175 slaves were at a continual risk of
+2anFNFW8kDE-00864-00204176-00204358 losing family members if their owners
+2anFNFW8kDE-00865-00204359-00204479 decided to sell them for profit
+2anFNFW8kDE-00866-00204480-00204823 punishment or to pay debts slaveholders
+2anFNFW8kDE-00867-00204823-00205021 also made gifts of slaves to grown
+2anFNFW8kDE-00868-00205021-00205207 children or other family members as
+2anFNFW8kDE-00869-00205208-00205450 wedding settlements they considered
+2anFNFW8kDE-00870-00205451-00205648 slave children ready to work and leave
+2anFNFW8kDE-00871-00205648-00205965 home as young as age 12 or 14 a few
+2anFNFW8kDE-00872-00205966-00206163 slaves retaliated by murdering their
+2anFNFW8kDE-00873-00206164-00206382 owners and overseers burning barns and
+2anFNFW8kDE-00874-00206383-00206667 killing horses but work slowdowns were
+2anFNFW8kDE-00875-00206669-00206869 the most frequent form of resistance and
+2anFNFW8kDE-00876-00206869-00207210 hard to control slaves also walked away
+2anFNFW8kDE-00877-00207211-00207448 going to the woods or a neighboring
+2anFNFW8kDE-00878-00207448-00207708 plantation for a while slave narratives
+2anFNFW8kDE-00879-00207709-00207919 by escaped slaves published during the
+2anFNFW8kDE-00880-00207919-00208158 19th century often included accounts of
+2anFNFW8kDE-00881-00208159-00208369 families broken up and women sexually
+2anFNFW8kDE-00882-00208369-00208756 abused during the early 1930s members of
+2anFNFW8kDE-00883-00208757-00208951 the federal writers project interviewed
+2anFNFW8kDE-00884-00208952-00209155 former slaves and also made recordings
+2anFNFW8kDE-00885-00209156-00209367 of the talks the only such records made
+2anFNFW8kDE-00886-00209369-00209725 in 2007 the interviews were remastered
+2anFNFW8kDE-00887-00209726-00209971 reproduced on CDs and published in book
+2anFNFW8kDE-00888-00209971-00210166 form in conjunction with the Library of
+2anFNFW8kDE-00889-00210167-00210234 Congress
+2anFNFW8kDE-00890-00210235-00210448 Smithsonian Productions and a National
+2anFNFW8kDE-00891-00210448-00210751 Public Radio project in the introduction
+2anFNFW8kDE-00892-00210752-00210957 to the oral history project remembering
+2anFNFW8kDE-00893-00210958-00211189 slavery African Americans talk about
+2anFNFW8kDE-00894-00211190-00211398 their personal experiences of slavery
+2anFNFW8kDE-00895-00211400-00211653 and emancipation the editors wrote as
+2anFNFW8kDE-00896-00211654-00211867 masters applied their stamp to the
+2anFNFW8kDE-00897-00211867-00212034 domestic life of the slave quarter
+2anFNFW8kDE-00898-00212035-00212200 slaves struggled to maintain the
+2anFNFW8kDE-00899-00212201-00212479 integrity of their families slaveholders
+2anFNFW8kDE-00900-00212480-00212694 had no legal obligation to respect the
+2anFNFW8kDE-00901-00212696-00212892 sanctity of the slaves marriage bed and
+2anFNFW8kDE-00902-00212894-00213159 slave women married or single had no
+2anFNFW8kDE-00903-00213160-00213328 formal protection against their owners
+2anFNFW8kDE-00904-00213329-00213625 sexual advances
+2anFNFW8kDE-00905-00213626-00213811 legal protection and subject to the
+2anFNFW8kDE-00906-00213812-00214042 Masters whim the slave family was always
+2anFNFW8kDE-00907-00214042-00214333 at risk the book includes a number of
+2anFNFW8kDE-00908-00214334-00214531 examples of enslaved families who were
+2anFNFW8kDE-00909-00214532-00214741 torn apart when family members were sold
+2anFNFW8kDE-00910-00214742-00214903 out of state and accounts of sexual
+2anFNFW8kDE-00911-00214904-00215137 violation of enslaved women by men in
+2anFNFW8kDE-00912-00215138-00215661 power
+2anFNFW8kDE-00913-00215662-00216269 topic female slave stereotypes
+2anFNFW8kDE-00914-00216269-00216517 the evidence of white men having sexual
+2anFNFW8kDE-00915-00216519-00216728 unions with slave women was obvious in
+2anFNFW8kDE-00916-00216729-00216890 the many mixed-race children who were
+2anFNFW8kDE-00917-00216891-00217069 born into slavery in part of many
+2anFNFW8kDE-00918-00217071-00217400 households in some areas such mixed-race
+2anFNFW8kDE-00919-00217401-00217610 families became the core of domestic and
+2anFNFW8kDE-00920-00217611-00217775 household servants as at Thomas
+2anFNFW8kDE-00921-00217776-00218021 Jefferson's Monticello both his
+2anFNFW8kDE-00922-00218021-00218210 father-in-law and he took mixed-race
+2anFNFW8kDE-00923-00218211-00218423 slave women as concubines after being
+2anFNFW8kDE-00924-00218423-00218657 widowed each man had six children by his
+2anFNFW8kDE-00925-00218658-00218960 slave Jefferson's young concubine Sally
+2anFNFW8kDE-00926-00218961-00219196 Hemings was 3/4 white the daughter of
+2anFNFW8kDE-00927-00219198-00219398 his father-in-law John Wales and the
+2anFNFW8kDE-00928-00219398-00219721 half-sister of his late wife by the 19th
+2anFNFW8kDE-00929-00219723-00219932 century popular southern literature
+2anFNFW8kDE-00930-00219933-00220154 characterized female slaves as lustful
+2anFNFW8kDE-00931-00220155-00220421 and promiscuous Jezebel's who
+2anFNFW8kDE-00932-00220421-00220616 shamelessly tempted white owners into
+2anFNFW8kDE-00933-00220617-00220886 sexual relations this stereotype of the
+2anFNFW8kDE-00934-00220887-00221057 promiscuous slave was partially
+2anFNFW8kDE-00935-00221058-00221258 motivated by the need to rationalize the
+2anFNFW8kDE-00936-00221259-00221471 obvious sexual relations that took place
+2anFNFW8kDE-00937-00221471-00221714 between female slaves and white males as
+2anFNFW8kDE-00938-00221715-00221996 evidenced by the children the stereotype
+2anFNFW8kDE-00939-00221996-00222212 was reinforced by female slaves working
+2anFNFW8kDE-00940-00222213-00222427 partially clothed due to the hot climate
+2anFNFW8kDE-00941-00222428-00222704 during slave auctions females were
+2anFNFW8kDE-00942-00222705-00222875 sometimes displayed nude or only
+2anFNFW8kDE-00943-00222876-00223171 partially clothed Eduard ball in his
+2anFNFW8kDE-00944-00223173-00223469 slaves in the family 1995 noted that it
+2anFNFW8kDE-00945-00223469-00223642 was more often the planters sons who
+2anFNFW8kDE-00946-00223644-00223823 took advantage of slave women before
+2anFNFW8kDE-00947-00223823-00223985 their legal marriages to white women
+2anFNFW8kDE-00948-00223986-00224623 than did the senior planters
+2anFNFW8kDE-00949-00224623-00225251 topic concubines and sexual slaves
+2anFNFW8kDE-00950-00225252-00225587 many female slaves known as fancy maids
+2anFNFW8kDE-00951-00225588-00225854 were sold at auction into concubine edge
+2anFNFW8kDE-00952-00225855-00226040 or prostitution which was called the
+2anFNFW8kDE-00953-00226041-00226379 fancied trade concubines slaves were the
+2anFNFW8kDE-00954-00226380-00226573 only female slaves who commanded a
+2anFNFW8kDE-00955-00226575-00226763 higher price than skilled male slaves
+2anFNFW8kDE-00956-00226764-00226979 during the early Louisiana colonial
+2anFNFW8kDE-00957-00226980-00227180 period French men took wives and
+2anFNFW8kDE-00958-00227181-00227363 mistresses from the slaves they often
+2anFNFW8kDE-00959-00227364-00227548 freed their children and sometimes their
+2anFNFW8kDE-00960-00227550-00227828 mistresses a sizable class of free
+2anFNFW8kDE-00961-00227829-00228011 people of color developed in New Orleans
+2anFNFW8kDE-00962-00228012-00228278 Mobile and outlying areas such as I'll
+2anFNFW8kDE-00963-00228279-00228575 Breville by the late 18th century white
+2anFNFW8kDE-00964-00228576-00228767 Creole men of New Orleans known as
+2anFNFW8kDE-00965-00228767-00228973 French Creoles had a relatively formal
+2anFNFW8kDE-00966-00228975-00229190 system of play cage among free women of
+2anFNFW8kDE-00967-00229191-00229423 color which continued under Spanish rule
+2anFNFW8kDE-00968-00229423-00229676 mothers negotiated settlements or
+2anFNFW8kDE-00969-00229677-00229823 dowries for their daughters to be
+2anFNFW8kDE-00970-00229823-00230087 mistresses to white men in some cases
+2anFNFW8kDE-00971-00230088-00230321 young men took such mistresses before
+2anFNFW8kDE-00972-00230321-00230504 their marriages to white women in others
+2anFNFW8kDE-00973-00230505-00230681 they continued the relationship after
+2anFNFW8kDE-00974-00230682-00230732 marriage
+2anFNFW8kDE-00975-00230733-00230912 they were known to pay for the education
+2anFNFW8kDE-00976-00230913-00231152 of their children especially their sons
+2anFNFW8kDE-00977-00231153-00231350 whom they sometimes sent to France for
+2anFNFW8kDE-00978-00231351-00231986 schooling and military service
+2anFNFW8kDE-00979-00231987-00232582 topic anti-miscegenation sentiment
+2anFNFW8kDE-00980-00232583-00232801 there was a growing feeling among whites
+2anFNFW8kDE-00981-00232802-00232975 that miscegenation was damaging to
+2anFNFW8kDE-00982-00232976-00233240 racial purity some segments of society
+2anFNFW8kDE-00983-00233241-00233494 began to disapprove of any sexual
+2anFNFW8kDE-00984-00233496-00233671 relationships between blacks and whites
+2anFNFW8kDE-00985-00233672-00233929 whether slave or free but particularly
+2anFNFW8kDE-00986-00233930-00234132 between white women and black men in
+2anFNFW8kDE-00987-00234133-00234427 Utah sexual relationships with a slave
+2anFNFW8kDE-00988-00234428-00235092 resulted in the slave being freed
+2anFNFW8kDE-00989-00235092-00235627 topic mixed-race children
+2anFNFW8kDE-00990-00235628-00235861 the children of white fathers and slave
+2anFNFW8kDE-00991-00235862-00236053 mothers were mixed-race slaves whose
+2anFNFW8kDE-00992-00236054-00236239 appearance was generally classified as
+2anFNFW8kDE-00993-00236240-00236448 mulatto this term originally meant a
+2anFNFW8kDE-00994-00236450-00236653 person with white and black parents but
+2anFNFW8kDE-00995-00236654-00236819 then encompassed any mixed-race person
+2anFNFW8kDE-00996-00236821-00237109 by the turn of the 19th century many
+2anFNFW8kDE-00997-00237110-00237342 mixed-race families in Virginia dated to
+2anFNFW8kDE-00998-00237344-00237559 colonial times white women generally
+2anFNFW8kDE-00999-00237560-00237751 indentured servants had unions with
+2anFNFW8kDE-01000-00237752-00237960 slave and free African descended men
+2anFNFW8kDE-01001-00237961-00238194 because of the mother's status those
+2anFNFW8kDE-01002-00238196-00238381 children were born free and often
+2anFNFW8kDE-01003-00238382-00238596 married other free people of color given
+2anFNFW8kDE-01004-00238598-00238767 the generations of interaction an
+2anFNFW8kDE-01005-00238769-00238939 increasing number of slaves in the
+2anFNFW8kDE-01006-00238940-00239116 United States during the 19th century
+2anFNFW8kDE-01007-00239117-00239428 were of mixed race in the United States
+2anFNFW8kDE-01008-00239429-00239635 children of mulatto and black slaves
+2anFNFW8kDE-01009-00239636-00239815 were also generally classified as
+2anFNFW8kDE-01010-00239816-00240112 mulatto with each generation the number
+2anFNFW8kDE-01011-00240113-00240412 of mixed-race slaves increased the 1850
+2anFNFW8kDE-01012-00240413-00240754 census identified 245 thousand slaves as
+2anFNFW8kDE-01013-00240755-00241023 mulatto by 1860 there were four hundred
+2anFNFW8kDE-01014-00241025-00241228 eleven thousand slaves classified as
+2anFNFW8kDE-01015-00241229-00241459 mulatto out of a total slave population
+2anFNFW8kDE-01016-00241460-00241642 of three million nine hundred thousand
+2anFNFW8kDE-01017-00241642-00241912 as noted above some mixed-race people
+2anFNFW8kDE-01018-00241913-00242134 won freedom from slavery or were born as
+2anFNFW8kDE-01019-00242135-00242446 free blacks if free depending on state
+2anFNFW8kDE-01020-00242446-00242641 law some mulattoes were legally
+2anFNFW8kDE-01021-00242642-00242815 classified as white because they had
+2anFNFW8kDE-01022-00242816-00242973 more than one half to seven eighths
+2anFNFW8kDE-01023-00242975-00243241 white ancestry questions of social
+2anFNFW8kDE-01024-00243242-00243471 status were often settled in court but a
+2anFNFW8kDE-01025-00243473-00243634 person's acceptance by neighbors
+2anFNFW8kDE-01026-00243635-00243856 fulfillment of citizen obligations and
+2anFNFW8kDE-01027-00243857-00244069 other aspects of social status were more
+2anFNFW8kDE-01028-00244069-00244242 important than lineage in determining
+2anFNFW8kDE-01029-00244244-00244452 whiteness
+2anFNFW8kDE-01030-00244453-00244665 notable examples of mostly white
+2anFNFW8kDE-01031-00244666-00244851 children born into slavery were the
+2anFNFW8kDE-01032-00244852-00245175 natural children of Thomas Jefferson by
+2anFNFW8kDE-01033-00245176-00245385 his mixed-race slave Sally Hemings who
+2anFNFW8kDE-01034-00245386-00245582 is three-quarters white by ancestry
+2anFNFW8kDE-01035-00245583-00245856 since 2000 historians have widely
+2anFNFW8kDE-01036-00245857-00246060 accepted Jefferson's paternity the
+2anFNFW8kDE-01037-00246061-00246240 change in scholarship has been reflected
+2anFNFW8kDE-01038-00246241-00246465 in exhibits at Monticello and in recent
+2anFNFW8kDE-01039-00246466-00246750 books about Jefferson and his era some
+2anFNFW8kDE-01040-00246751-00246966 historians however continue to disagree
+2anFNFW8kDE-01041-00246967-00247305 with this conclusion speculation exists
+2anFNFW8kDE-01042-00247306-00247497 on the reasons George Washington freed
+2anFNFW8kDE-01043-00247498-00247623 his slaves in his will
+2anFNFW8kDE-01044-00247624-00247860 one theory posits that the slaves
+2anFNFW8kDE-01045-00247861-00248065 included two half-sisters of his wife
+2anFNFW8kDE-01046-00248066-00248365 Martha Custis those mixed-race slaves
+2anFNFW8kDE-01047-00248366-00248529 were born to slave women owned by
+2anFNFW8kDE-01048-00248530-00248713 Martha's father and were regarded within
+2anFNFW8kDE-01049-00248714-00248940 the family as having been sired by him
+2anFNFW8kDE-01050-00248941-00249171 Washington became the owner of Martha
+2anFNFW8kDE-01051-00249172-00249393 Custis slaves under Virginia law when he
+2anFNFW8kDE-01052-00249394-00249562 married her and faced the ethical
+2anFNFW8kDE-01053-00249563-00250198 conundrum of owning his wife sisters
+2anFNFW8kDE-01054-00250198-00250509 topic relationship of skin color to
+2anFNFW8kDE-01055-00250510-00250851 treatment
+2anFNFW8kDE-01056-00250852-00251109 as in Thomas Jefferson's household the
+2anFNFW8kDE-01057-00251110-00251273 use of lighter-skinned slaves as
+2anFNFW8kDE-01058-00251275-00251451 household servants was not simply a
+2anFNFW8kDE-01059-00251452-00251748 choice related to skin color sometimes
+2anFNFW8kDE-01060-00251748-00251973 planters used mixed-race slaves as house
+2anFNFW8kDE-01061-00251973-00252153 servants or favored artisans because
+2anFNFW8kDE-01062-00252154-00252317 they were their children or otherwise
+2anFNFW8kDE-01063-00252319-00252596 relatives six of Jefferson's later
+2anFNFW8kDE-01064-00252598-00252789 household slaves were the grown children
+2anFNFW8kDE-01065-00252790-00253017 of his father-in-law John Wayles and his
+2anFNFW8kDE-01066-00253017-00253266 slave mistress Betty Hemings half
+2anFNFW8kDE-01067-00253267-00253485 siblings of Jefferson's wife Martha they
+2anFNFW8kDE-01068-00253486-00253665 were inherited by her with Betty Hemings
+2anFNFW8kDE-01069-00253666-00253857 and other slaves a year after her
+2anFNFW8kDE-01070-00253858-00254019 marriage to Jefferson following the
+2anFNFW8kDE-01071-00254019-00254283 death of her father at that time some of
+2anFNFW8kDE-01072-00254284-00254454 the Hemings Wales children were very
+2anFNFW8kDE-01073-00254455-00254730 young Sally Hemings was an infant they
+2anFNFW8kDE-01074-00254731-00254894 were trained as domestic and skilled
+2anFNFW8kDE-01075-00254896-00255105 servants and headed the slave hierarchy
+2anFNFW8kDE-01076-00255106-00255381 at Monticello since 2000 historians have
+2anFNFW8kDE-01077-00255382-00255531 widely accepted that the widowed
+2anFNFW8kDE-01078-00255532-00255804 Jefferson had a nearly four decades with
+2anFNFW8kDE-01079-00255805-00255992 Sally Hemings the youngest daughter of
+2anFNFW8kDE-01080-00255994-00256233 Wales and Betty it was believed to have
+2anFNFW8kDE-01081-00256234-00256467 begun when he was u.s. minister in Paris
+2anFNFW8kDE-01082-00256467-00256734 and she was part of his household sally
+2anFNFW8kDE-01083-00256735-00256962 was nearly 25 years younger than his
+2anFNFW8kDE-01084-00256963-00257198 late wife Jefferson had six children of
+2anFNFW8kDE-01085-00257200-00257423 record with her four of whom survived
+2anFNFW8kDE-01086-00257423-00257673 Jefferson had his three mixed-race sons
+2anFNFW8kDE-01087-00257673-00257865 by Hemings trained as carpenters a
+2anFNFW8kDE-01088-00257866-00258051 skilled occupation so they could earn a
+2anFNFW8kDE-01089-00258052-00258201 living after he freed them when they
+2anFNFW8kDE-01090-00258202-00258471 came of age three of his four children
+2anFNFW8kDE-01091-00258471-00258621 by Hemings including his daughter
+2anFNFW8kDE-01092-00258621-00258855 Harriet the only slave woman he freed
+2anFNFW8kDE-01093-00258856-00259161 passed into white society as adults
+2anFNFW8kDE-01094-00259162-00259362 because of their appearance some
+2anFNFW8kDE-01095-00259363-00259515 historians disagree with these
+2anFNFW8kDE-01096-00259516-00259716 conclusions about Jefferson's paternity
+2anFNFW8kDE-01097-00259717-00259979 see Jefferson Hemings controversy
+2anFNFW8kDE-01098-00259980-00260178 planters with mixed-race children
+2anFNFW8kDE-01099-00260179-00260403 sometimes arranged for their education
+2anFNFW8kDE-01100-00260404-00260592 occasionally in northern schools or
+2anFNFW8kDE-01101-00260592-00260778 apprenticeship in skilled trades and
+2anFNFW8kDE-01102-00260779-00261060 crafts others settled property on them
+2anFNFW8kDE-01103-00261061-00261294 or otherwise passed on social capital by
+2anFNFW8kDE-01104-00261294-00261441 freeing the children and their mothers
+2anFNFW8kDE-01105-00261442-00261696 while fewer in number than in the upper
+2anFNFW8kDE-01106-00261696-00261896 South free blacks in the deep south were
+2anFNFW8kDE-01107-00261898-00262073 often mixed-race children of wealthy
+2anFNFW8kDE-01108-00262075-00262269 planters and sometimes benefited from
+2anFNFW8kDE-01109-00262270-00262544 transfers of property and social capital
+2anFNFW8kDE-01110-00262545-00262779 Wilberforce University founded by
+2anFNFW8kDE-01111-00262780-00262914 Methodist and African Methodist
+2anFNFW8kDE-01112-00262915-00263225 Episcopal aim Representatives in Ohio in
+2anFNFW8kDE-01113-00263226-00263487 1856 for the education of African
+2anFNFW8kDE-01114-00263488-00263637 American youth was during its early
+2anFNFW8kDE-01115-00263638-00263853 history largely supported by wealthy
+2anFNFW8kDE-01116-00263854-00264006 southern planters who paid for the
+2anFNFW8kDE-01117-00264007-00264237 education of their mixed-race children
+2anFNFW8kDE-01118-00264238-00264447 when the American Civil War broke out
+2anFNFW8kDE-01119-00264448-00264693 the majority of the schools 200 students
+2anFNFW8kDE-01120-00264694-00264885 were of mixed race and from such wealthy
+2anFNFW8kDE-01121-00264886-00265161 southern families the college closed for
+2anFNFW8kDE-01122-00265162-00265329 several years before the aim church
+2anFNFW8kDE-01123-00265330-00265959 bought and operated it
+2anFNFW8kDE-01124-00265960-00266718 topic see also 40 acres and a mule
+2anFNFW8kDE-01125-00266719-00267225 Freedmen's Bureau Lumpkins jail sexual
+2anFNFW8kDE-01126-00267226-00267681 slavery slave iron bit