Donovan Mitchell

Donovan Mitchell

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For the poet, see Donovan Mitchell (poet).
Donovan Mitchell
No. 45 – Utah Jazz
Position Shooting guard
League NBA
Personal information
Born (1996-09-07) September 7, 1996 (age 21)
Elmsford, New York
Nationality American
Listed height 6 ft 3 in (1.91 m)
Listed weight 215 lb (98 kg)
Career information
High school Brewster Academy
(Wolfeboro, New Hampshire)
College Louisville (2015–2017)
NBA draft 2017 / Round: 1 / Pick: 13th overall
Selected by the Denver Nuggets
Playing career 2017–present
Career history
2017–present Utah Jazz
Career highlights and awards
  • NBA All-Rookie First Team (2018)
  • NBA Slam Dunk Contest champion (2018)
  • First-team All-ACC (2017)
Stats at NBA.com
Stats at Basketball-Reference.com

Donovan Corey Mitchell Jr. (born September 7, 1996) is an American professional basketball player for the Utah Jazz of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played college basketball for the Louisville Cardinals. He was selected by the Denver Nuggets with the 13th overall pick in the 2017 NBA draft and was later traded on draft night to the Utah Jazz. During his rookie season, Mitchell was named to the NBA All-Rookie First Team and won the Slam Dunk Contest.

Contents

  • 1 Early life
  • 2 High school career
  • 3 College career
  • 4 Professional career
    • 4.1 Utah Jazz (2017–present)
      • 4.1.1 Rookie season (2017–18)
  • 5 Career statistics
    • 5.1 NBA
      • 5.1.1 Regular season
      • 5.1.2 Playoffs
    • 5.2 College
  • 6 Off the court
  • 7 References
  • 8 External links

Early life[edit]

Donovan Mitchell was born on September 7, 1996 to parents Donovan Mitchell Sr. and Nicole Mitchell. His father Donovan Sr. serves as director of players relations for the New York Mets. He has a younger sister named Jordan.[1][2] Mitchell was born and raised in Elmsford, New York[3] and attended Greenwich Country Day School in Greenwich, Connecticut.[3][2] Mitchell played his AAU basketball for The City and Riverside Hawks programs based out of New York City.[4]

High school career[edit]

Mitchell attended Canterbury School in New Milford, Connecticut for his sophomore year of high school[5] before transferring to Brewster Academy in Wolfeboro, New Hampshire for his junior and senior years.[6] Along with basketball, he also played baseball in high school for two years, but focused on basketball when he went to Brewster, a move which garnered him more attention from college basketball coaches.[7][8] He committed to the University of Louisville to play college basketball.[9]

College career[edit]

Mitchell decided to wear the jersey number 45, showing his appreciation for Michael Jordan, as 45 is the number Jordan wore for his baseball career and during the early part of his first comeback in 1995. As a freshman at the University of Louisville, Mitchell averaged 7.4 points, 1.7 assists and 3.4 rebounds per game.[10] As a sophomore, he averaged 15.6 points, 2.7 assists and 4.9 rebounds per game. Mitchell shot 46.3 percent from the floor, 35.4 percent from behind the arc and 80.6 percent from the free-throw line.[11] He was named to the First Team All-Atlantic Coast Conference.[12] After the season, he entered the 2017 NBA draft, but did not immediately hire an agent.[13][14]

Professional career[edit]

Utah Jazz (2017–present)[edit]

Rookie season (2017–18)[edit]

Mitchell was drafted by the Denver Nuggets with the 13th overall pick in the 2017 NBA draft only to be traded to the Utah Jazz for the 24th pick (Tyler Lydon) and Trey Lyles.[15] On July 5, 2017, Mitchell signed a four-year rookie scale contract with the Jazz.[16] On July 11, 2017, Mitchell signed a multi-year shoe deal with Adidas. Later that day, Mitchell scored 37 points against the Memphis Grizzlies in the 2017 NBA Summer League in Las Vegas, the most by any player during the 2017 NBA Summer League.[17] In his NBA debut on October 18, 2017, Mitchell registered 10 points and 4 assists against the Denver Nuggets.[18] On December 1, 2017, he scored a career-high 41 points in a 114–108 win over the New Orleans Pelicans. He set the Jazz scoring record for a rookie and became the first NBA rookie to score 40 points in a game since Blake Griffin in 2011.[19] He surpassed Darrell Griffith's team-record 38 in 1981.[20] Mitchell also became the seventh rookie in franchise history to have a 30-plus point game, as well as the first to have a 40-plus point game.[21] On January 4, 2018, Mitchell was named the Western Conference Rookie of the Month for December 2017 after averaging 23.1 points, 3.4 assists, 3.2 rebounds and 1.8 steals in 34.3 minutes per game during the month of December.[22] On January 15, 2018, Mitchell surpassed Karl Malone for most 20+ points games during a rookie season when he had his 19th 20+ point game.[23] On February 2, 2018 Donovan recorded his second 40 point game of his rookie season against the Phoenix Suns, becoming the first rookie guard to notch two 40-point games since Allen Iverson in 1996-97. [24] On February 5, 2018, Donovan was officially named by the NBA as an injury replacement for Orlando Magic forward Aaron Gordon (strained left hip flexor) for the 2018 NBA Slam Dunk Contest.[25] He won the contest scoring a 48 and 50 in the first round, then a 50 and 48 in the final round being the first rookie to win the contest since Zach LaVine. On March 1, 2018, Mitchell was named as the Western Conference rookie of the month for the 3rd time this season for games played in February.[26] On April 10, he set a rookie record for most three-pointers in a season with 186 three-pointers during a 119–79 win over the Golden State Warriors.[27] On April 12, at the end of the regular season, Mitchell was named Western Conference Rookie of the Month for March and April.[28]

In Mitchell's playoff debut against the Oklahoma City Thunder on April 15, he recorded 27 points, 10 rebounds, and 3 assists.[29] However, during the game he bruised his foot and was questionable for Game 2.[30] He ended up playing in Game 2, scoring 28 points, including 13 in the 4th quarter to lead the Jazz to a 102–95 win. Mitchell set a new record for points by a shooting guard in their first two postseason games with 55 points, breaking Michael Jordan's record of 53 points.[31] Mitchell led the Jazz to a 4-2 series win over the Thunder, averaging 28.5 points a game on 46.2 percent shooting.[32] His 171 points in the series were the third-most ever by a rookie in his first six playoff games, behind only Kareem Abdul-Jabbar and Wilt Chamberlain.[32] His 38 points in Game 6 (on 14-of-26 shooting) marked the highest scoring output by a rookie in a series-clinching win since 1980.[32] On May 22, 2018, he was named to the NBA All-Rookie First Team.[33]

Career statistics[edit]

Legend
  GP Games played   GS  Games started  MPG  Minutes per game
 FG%  Field goal percentage  3P%  3-point field goal percentage  FT%  Free throw percentage
 RPG  Rebounds per game  APG  Assists per game  SPG  Steals per game
 BPG  Blocks per game  PPG  Points per game  Bold  Career high

NBA[edit]

Regular season[edit]

Year Team GP GS MPG FG% 3P% FT% RPG APG SPG BPG PPG
2017–18 Utah 79 71 33.4 .437 .340 .805 3.7 3.7 1.5 .3 20.4
Career 79 71 33.4 .437 .340 .805 3.7 3.7 1.5 .3 20.4

Playoffs[edit]

Year Team GP GS MPG FG% 3P% FT% RPG APG SPG BPG PPG
2018 Utah 11 11 37.4 .420 .313 .907 5.9 4.2 1.5 .4 24.4
Career 11 11 37.4 .420 .313 .907 5.9 4.2 1.5 .4 24.4

College[edit]

Year Team GP GS MPG FG% 3P% FT% RPG APG SPG BPG PPG
2015–16 Louisville 31 5 19.1 .442 .250 .754 3.4 1.7 .8 .1 7.4
2016–17 Louisville 34 33 32.3 .408 .354 .806 4.9 2.7 2.1 .5 15.6
Career 65 38 26.0 .418 .329 .788 4.1 2.2 1.5 .3 11.7

Off the court[edit]

During the 2017–18 season Mitchell appeared on the cover of SLAM Magazine and is now starring in a documentary called "Rookie on the Rise".[34][35] The docu-series follows Mitchell on his race for the Rookie Of The Year. [36] The series is available for viewing on Young Hollywood TV – a digital network available on Apple TV, Amazon Channels, Amazon Fire TV, Chromecast and Roku. The series could also be viewed on younghollywood.com, Facebook Watch, Young Hollywood’s YouTube page, Twitter and other social channels. [37]

References[edit]

  1. Jump up ^ Polacek, Scott (February 18, 2018). "Donovan Mitchell Talks Importance of Sister Jordan Participating in Dunk Contest". bleacherreport.com. Retrieved April 10, 2018.
  2. ^ Jump up to: a b Goon, Kyle (March 24, 2018). "Donovan Mitchell has learned the value of education from his mom — that's why he's going to finish his degree". The Salt Lake Tribune. Retrieved April 10, 2018.
  3. ^ Jump up to: a b Woodyard, Eric (November 15, 2017). "New York native Donovan Mitchell cherishes Madison Square Garden debut". Deseret News. Retrieved February 12, 2018. His locker room nametag may read Greenwich, Connecticut, but he was actually born in Elmsford, New York
  4. Jump up ^ Berman, Marc (7 June 2017). "Mets executive's son is high on the Knicks' draft radar". New York Post. Retrieved 15 December 2017.
  5. Jump up ^ "DONOVAN MITCHELL". 247sports.com. Retrieved 15 December 2017.
  6. Jump up ^ Jones, Steve (18 January 2015). "Donovan Mitchell preps for U of L career". Springfield, Mass: The Courier-Journal. Retrieved 15 December 2017.
  7. Jump up ^ Greer, Jeff (26 October 2016). "Donovan Mitchell: Baseball star?". cincinnati.com. Retrieved 15 December 2017.
  8. Jump up ^ Reid, Christian (17 March 2017). "How a baseball injury led Connecticut native Donovan Mitchell to star for Louisville hoops under Rick Pitino". New York Daily News. Retrieved 15 December 2017.
  9. Jump up ^ "Four-star guard Donovan Mitchell commits to Louisville". si.com. Sports Illustrated. 8 August 2014. Retrieved 15 December 2017.
  10. Jump up ^ Greer, Jeff (10 November 2016). "Is Donovan Mitchell Cards' next star?". The Courier-Journal. Retrieved 15 December 2017.
  11. Jump up ^ Varney, Dennis (22 June 2017). "Utah Jazz take Louisville's Donovan Mitchell after draft-night trade involving former UK star". Lexington Herald-Leader. Retrieved 15 December 2017.
  12. Jump up ^ Press Release (2017-03-05). "ACC Announces All-Conference Team, Postseason Awards, All-ACC Teams". theacc.com. Retrieved 2016-03-05.
  13. Jump up ^ Goodman, Jeff (22 March 2017). "Donovan Mitchell to enter draft, but may return to Louisville". espn.co.uk. ESPN. Retrieved 15 December 2017.
  14. Jump up ^ Greer, Jeff (22 March 2017). "Mitchell declares for NBA draft, won't hire agent". The Courier-Journal. Retrieved 15 December 2017.
  15. Jump up ^ Polacek, Scott (June 22, 2017). "Donovan Mitchell Picked No. 13 in NBA Draft, Nuggets to Trade Him to Jazz". bleacherreport.com. Retrieved April 23, 2018.
  16. Jump up ^ Daniels, Tim (July 5, 2017). "Donovan Mitchell Signs Utah Jazz Rookie Contract". bleacherreport.com. Retrieved April 23, 2018.
  17. Jump up ^ Aulbach, Lucas (July 11, 2017). "Donovan Mitchell signs shoe deal with Adidas, then scores 37 points at NBA Summer League". Courier-Journal. Retrieved April 23, 2018.
  18. Jump up ^ Genessy, Jody (October 18, 2017). "Donovan Mitchell's NBA career gets off to a very quick start". deseretnews.com. Retrieved April 23, 2018.
  19. Jump up ^ "NBA rookie Donovan Mitchell scores 41 points as Jazz beat Pelicans". news.com.au. 2 December 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2017.
  20. Jump up ^ Associated Press (1 December 2017). "Rookie Donovan Mitchell scores career-high 41, Jazz beat Pelicans". Sportsnet.ca. Salt Lake City: Sportsnet. Retrieved 15 December 2017.
  21. Jump up ^ "Donovan Mitchell goes for career-high 41 in Jazz victory". ESPN.com. December 1, 2017. Retrieved December 2, 2017.
  22. Jump up ^ "Boston Celtics' Jayson Tatum, Utah Jazz's Donovan Mitchell named Kia Rookies of Month". NBA.com. January 4, 2018. Retrieved January 18, 2018.
  23. Jump up ^ Powell, Shaun (January 24, 2018). "League taking note of Donovan Mitchell's impressive rookie campaign". NBA.com. Retrieved 2018-02-09.
  24. Jump up ^ "What Donovan Mitchell's Iverson comps mean for the Jazz". ESPN.com. Retrieved 2018-05-09.
  25. Jump up ^ "Utah Jazz rookie Donovan Mitchell to replace Aaron Gordon in 2018 Verizon Slam Dunk". NBA.com. February 5, 2018. Retrieved February 6, 2018.
  26. Jump up ^ "76ers' Ben Simmons, Jazz's Donovan Mitchell named Kia Rookies of Month for February". NBA.com. Retrieved March 1, 2018.
  27. Jump up ^ "Utah Jazz guard Donovan Mitchell breaks rookie record for 3-pointers". NBA.com. April 10, 2018. Retrieved April 23, 2018.
  28. Jump up ^ "76ers' Ben Simmons, Jazz's Donovan Mitchell named Kia Rookies of Month for March, April". NBA.com. Retrieved April 12, 2018.
  29. Jump up ^ "Thunder's Paul George, Jazz's Donovan Mitchell set to play Game 2". nba.com. April 18, 2018. Retrieved April 19, 2018.
  30. Jump up ^ Devine, Dan (April 18, 2018). "'I've got to be smart with it': Donovan Mitchell (left foot contusion) questionable for Game 2 vs. Thunder". sports.yahoo.com. Retrieved April 18, 2018.
  31. Jump up ^ Young, Royce (April 19, 2018). "Donovan Mitchell's 55 points in his first 2 playoff games most ever by guard". ESPN.com. Retrieved April 13, 2018.
  32. ^ Jump up to: a b c "Donovan Mitchell dominated the Thunder in his playoff series debut". ESPN.com. Retrieved 2018-05-09.
  33. Jump up ^ "Donovan Mitchell, Ben Simmons lead 2017-18 NBA All-Rookie first team". NBA.com. May 22, 2018. Retrieved May 22, 2018.
  34. Jump up ^ Woodyard, Eric (March 21, 2018). "Donovan Mitchell becomes second Utah Jazz player to make cover of SLAM magazine". deseretnews.com. Retrieved March 22, 2018.
  35. Jump up ^ Lourim, Jake (March 22, 2018). "Donovan Mitchell has been a star on the court and now in a documentary series". Louisville Courier Journal. Retrieved March 22, 2018.
  36. Jump up ^ Brown, Sierra (April 3, 2018). "Donovan Mitchell Gets A 'Fresh Cut' In New Web Series". vibe.com. Retrieved April 23, 2018.
  37. Jump up ^ "Exclusive release Rookie on The Rise". vibe.com. May 5, 2018. Retrieved May 5, 2018.

External links[edit]

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Category:Drink companies of the Philippines

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  • ► Coffee houses of the Philippines (2 P)

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  • Alaska Milk Corporation
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C

  • Coca-Cola FEMSA Philippines

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  • Ginebra San Miguel

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  • Macay Holdings
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  • Oishi (company)

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  • Pepsi Philippines

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  • RFM Corporation

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  • San Miguel Brewery
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  • Tanduay

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  • Universal Robina

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British Airways destinations

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British Airways destinations

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For the list of destinations served by British Airways regional subsidiary BA CityFlyer, see BA CityFlyer destinations.
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British Airways is one of few carriers serving destinations across all six inhabited continents. Following is a list of destinations the airline flies to, as of March 2017[update]; terminated destinations are also listed. The list does not include cities served solely by affiliated regional carriers, and some terminated destinations may now be served either via franchise or through codeshare agreements with other carriers. Each destination is provided with the name of the country served, the name of the airport served, and both the International Air Transport Association (IATA) three-letter designator (IATA airport code) and the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) four-letter designator (ICAO airport code).

Contents

 [hide]
  • 1 List
  • 2 See also
  • 3 Notes and references
    • 3.1 Notes
    • 3.2 References
  • 4 External links

List[edit]

[Hub] Hub
[F] Future destination
[S] Seasonal
[T] Terminated destination
This transport-related list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
City Country IATA ICAO Airport Refs
Aarhus Denmark AAR EKAH Aarhus Airport [T] [1]
Aberdeen United Kingdom ABZ EGPD Aberdeen Airport
Abidjan Côte d'Ivoire ABJ DIAP Port Bouet Airport [T] [2]:99
Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates AUH OMAA Abu Dhabi International Airport
Abuja Nigeria ABV DNAA Nnamdi Azikiwe International Airport
Accra Ghana ACC DGAA Kotoka International Airport
Addis Ababa Ethiopia ADD HAAB Bole International Airport [T] [3]
Adelaide Australia ADL YPAD Adelaide Airport [T] [4]:60
Agadir Morocco AGA GMAD Al Massira Airport [T] [5][6][7]
Alexandria Egypt ALY HEAX Alexandria International Airport [T] [1]
Algiers Algeria ALG DAAG Houari Boumediene Airport
Alicante Spain ALC LEAL Alicante Airport [8][9]
Almaty Kazakhstan ALA UAAA Almaty International Airport [T] [10]
Amman Jordan AMM OJAI Queen Alia International Airport [11]
Amsterdam Netherlands AMS EHAM Amsterdam Airport Schiphol
Ankara Turkey ESB LTAC Esenboğa International Airport [T] [12]
Annecy France NCY LFLP Annecy – Haute-Savoie – Mont Blanc Airport [T] [4]:60
Antigua Antigua and Barbuda ANU TAPA V. C. Bird International Airport
Antwerp Belgium ANR EBAW Antwerp International Airport [T] [1]
Ashgabat Turkmenistan ASB UTAA Ashgabat Airport [T] [4]:60
Athens Greece ATH LGAV Athens International Airport
Atlanta United States (Georgia) ATL KATL Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport ^ [13]
Auckland New Zealand AKL NZAA Auckland Airport [T] [14]
Austin United States (Texas) AUS KAUS Austin-Bergstrom International Airport [15]
Baghdad Iraq BGW ORBI Baghdad International Airport [T] [12]
Bahrain Bahrain BAH OBBI Bahrain International Airport ^ [13]
Baku Azerbaijan GYD UBBB Heydar Aliyev International Airport [T] [9][16]
Baltimore (Washington, D.C.) United States (Maryland) BWI KBWI Baltimore/Washington International Thurgood Marshall Airport [17]
Bangalore India BLR VOBL Bengaluru International Airport
Bangkok Thailand BKK VTBS Suvarnabhumi Airport
Barbados Barbados BGI TBPB Grantley Adams International Airport
Barcelona Spain BCN LEBL Barcelona–El Prat Airport
Bari Italy BRI LIBD Bari Airport [S]
Barra United Kingdom BRR EGPR Barra Airport [T] [1]
Basel
Mulhouse
Freiburg
Switzerland
France
Germany
BSL
MLH
EAP
LFSB EuroAirport Basel-Mulhouse-Freiburg
Beijing China PEK ZBAA Beijing Capital International Airport
Beirut Lebanon BEY OLBA Beirut–Rafic Hariri International Airport [11]
Belfast United Kingdom BFS EGAA Belfast International Airport [T] [1]
Belfast United Kingdom BHD EGAC George Best Belfast City Airport
Belgrade Serbia BEG LYBE Belgrade Nikola Tesla Airport [T] [1]
Benbecula United Kingdom BEB EGPL Benbecula Airport [T] [1]
Bergamo Italy BGY LIME Orio al Serio Airport [T] [18]
Bergen Norway BGO ENBR Bergen Airport [5][6][19]
Berlin Germany TXL EDDT Berlin Tegel Airport
Bermuda Bermuda BDA TXKF L.F. Wade International Airport
Bern Switzerland BRN LSZB Bern Airport [T] [2]:99
Biarritz France BIQ LFBZ Biarritz – Anglet – Bayonne Airport [S] [20]
Bilbao Spain BIO LEBB Bilbao Airport [21]
Billund Denmark BLL EKBI Billund Airport [22]
Birmingham United Kingdom BHX EGBB Birmingham Airport [S] [1][23]
Bishkek Kyrgyzstan FRU UAFM Manas International Airport [T] [1]
Blackpool United Kingdom BLK EGNH Blackpool International Airport [T] [4]:60
Bodrum Turkey BJV LTFE Milas-Bodrum Airport [S] [24]
Bogotá Colombia BOG SKBO El Dorado International Airport [T] [4]:60
Bologna Italy BLQ LIPE Bologna Guglielmo Marconi Airport
Bordeaux France BOD LFBD Bordeaux–Mérignac Airport
Boston United States (Massachusetts) BOS KBOS Logan International Airport
Bournemouth United Kingdom BOH EGHH Bournemouth Airport [T] [2]:99
Bratislava Slovakia BTS LZIB Bratislava Airport [T] [4]:60
Bremen Germany BRE EDDW Bremen Airport [T] [1]
Brindisi Italy BDS LIBR Brindisi – Salento Airport [S] [25]
Brisbane Australia BNE YBBN Brisbane Airport [T] [1]
Bristol United Kingdom BRS EGGD Bristol Airport [T] [1]
Brussels Belgium BRU EBBR Brussels Airport
Bucharest Romania OTP LROP Henri Coandă International Airport
Budapest Hungary BUD LHBP Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport
Buenos Aires Argentina EZE SAEZ Ministro Pistarini International Airport
Cagliari Italy CAG LIEE Cagliari-Elmas Airport [S]
Cairo Egypt CAI HECA Cairo International Airport
Calgary Canada (Alberta) YYC CYYC Calgary International Airport
Campbeltown United Kingdom CAL EGEC Campbeltown Airport [T] [1]
Cancún Mexico CUN MMUN Cancún International Airport
Cape Town South Africa CPT FACT Cape Town International Airport
Caracas Venezuela CCS SVMI Simón Bolívar International Airport [T] [1]
Cardiff United Kingdom CWL EGFF Cardiff Airport [T] [1]
Casablanca Morocco CMN GMMN Mohammed V International Airport [T] [26]
Catania Italy CTA LICC Catania Vincenzo Bellini Airport
Chambéry France CMF LFLB Chambéry Airport [S]
Chania Greece CHQ LGSA Chania International Airport [S] [27]
Charlotte United States (North Carolina) CLT KCLT Charlotte Douglas International Airport [T] [1]
Chengdu China CTU ZUUU Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport [T] [28]
Chennai India MAA VOMM Chennai International Airport ^ [13]
Chicago United States (Illinois) ORD KORD O'Hare International Airport ^ [13]
Christchurch New Zealand CHC NZCH Christchurch Airport [T] [29]
Cologne Germany CGN EDDK Cologne Bonn Airport [T] [13]
Colombo Sri Lanka CMB VCBI Bandaranaike International Airport [T] [30][31]
Copenhagen Denmark CPH EKCH Copenhagen Airport
Cork Ireland ORK EICK Cork Airport [T] [1]
Dalaman Turkey DLM LTBS Dalaman Airport [S] [32]
Dallas/Fort Worth United States (Texas) DFW KDFW Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport
Damascus Syria DAM OSDI Damascus International Airport [T] [1]
Dammam Saudi Arabia DMM OEDF King Fahd International Airport [T] [13]
Dar es Salaam Tanzania DAR HTDA Julius Nyerere International Airport [T] [33]
Delhi India DEL VIDP Indira Gandhi International Airport ^ [13]
Denver United States (Colorado) DEN KDEN Denver International Airport
Derry[a] United Kingdom LDY EGAE Londonderry Airport [T] [1]
Detroit United States (Michigan) DTW KDTW Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport [T] [1]
Dhahran Saudi Arabia DHA OEDR Dhahran International Airport [T] [1]
Dhaka Bangladesh DAC VGHS Shahjalal International Airport [T] [13]
Doha Qatar DOH OTBD Doha International Airport [34]
Doha Qatar DOH OTHH Hamad International Airport [35]
Dresden Germany DRS EDDC Dresden Airport [T] [4]:60
Dubai United Arab Emirates DXB OMDB Dubai International Airport ^ [13]
Dublin Ireland DUB EIDW Dublin Airport [36]
Dubrovnik Croatia DBV LDDU Dubrovnik Airport
Durban South Africa DUR FADN Durban International Airport [T] [4]:60
Düsseldorf Germany DUS EDDL Düsseldorf Airport
East Midlands United Kingdom EMA EGNX East Midlands Airport [T] [4]:60
Eday United Kingdom EOI EGED Eday Airport [T] [4]:60
Edinburgh United Kingdom EDI EGPH Edinburgh Airport
Eindhoven Netherlands EIN EHEH Eindhoven Airport [T] [4]:60
Entebbe Uganda EBB HUEN Entebbe International Airport [T] [10]
Exeter United Kingdom EXT EGTE Exeter International Airport [T] [2]:99
Fair Isle United Kingdom FIE EGEF Fair Isle Airport [T] [1]
Faro Portugal FAO LPFR Faro Airport
Frankfurt Germany FRA EDDF Frankfurt Airport ^ [13]
Fort Lauderdale United States (Florida) FLL KFLL Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood International Airport [37]
Freetown Sierra Leone FNA GFLL Lungi International Airport [T] [38]
Friedrichshafen Germany FDH EDNY Friedrichshafen Airport [S] [4]:60[39]
Funchal Portugal FNC LMPA Madeira Airport [1][40]
Gaborone Botswana GBE FBSK Sir Seretse Khama International Airport [T] [1]
Geilo Norway VDB ENFG Fagernes Airport [T] [1]
Geneva Switzerland GVA LSGG Geneva International Airport
Genoa Italy GOA LIMJ Genoa Cristoforo Colombo Airport
Gibraltar Gibraltar GIB LXGB Gibraltar International Airport
Glasgow United Kingdom GLA EGPF Glasgow International Airport
Gothenburg Sweden GOT ESGG Göteborg Landvetter Airport
Grand Cayman Cayman Islands GCM MWCR Owen Roberts International Airport
Grenoble France GNB LFLS Grenoble–Isère Airport [S] [39]
Guadalajara Mexico GDL MMGL Guadalajara International Airport [T] [citation needed]
Guernsey Guernsey GCI EGJB Guernsey Airport [T] [1]
Hamburg Germany HAM EDDH Hamburg Airport
Hanover Germany HAJ EDDV Hannover Airport [5][6]
Harare Zimbabwe HRE FVHA Harare International Airport [T] [1]
Hassi Messaoud Algeria HME DAUH Oued Irara – Krim Belkacem Airport [T] [41][42]
Haugesund Norway HAU ENHD Haugesund Airport [T] [4]:60
Havana Cuba HAV MUHA José Martí International Airport [T] [3]
Helsingborg Sweden AGH ESTA Ängelholm-Helsingborg Airport [T] [4]:60
Helsinki Finland HEL EFHK Helsinki Airport
Hoedspruit South Africa — FAHS Eastgate Airport [T] [1]
Hong Kong China HKG VHHH Hong Kong International Airport ^ [13]
Houston United States (Texas) IAH KIAH George Bush Intercontinental Airport ^ [13]
Hyderabad India HYD VOHS Rajiv Gandhi International Airport
Ibiza Spain IBZ LEIB Ibiza Airport [S]
Innsbruck Austria INN LOWI Innsbruck Airport [S]
Inverness United Kingdom INV EGPE Inverness Airport [43]
Islamabad Pakistan ISB OPRN Benazir Bhutto International Airport [T] [1]
Islay United Kingdom ILY EGPI Islay Airport [T] [1]
Istanbul Turkey IST LTBA Istanbul Atatürk Airport
Jakarta Indonesia CGK WIII Soekarno–Hatta International Airport [T] [1]
Jeddah Saudi Arabia JED OEJN King Abdulaziz International Airport
Jerez de la Frontera Spain XRY LEJR Jerez Airport [T] [1]
Jersey Jersey JER EGJJ Jersey Airport
Johannesburg South Africa JNB FAOR OR Tambo International Airport ^ [13]
Kalamata Greece KLX LGKL Kalamata International Airport [S] [27]
Karachi Pakistan KHI OPKC Karachi International Airport [T] [44]
Kano Nigeria KAN DNKN Mallam Aminu Kano International Airport [T] [1]
Kefalonia
begins 15 May 2018
Greece EFL LGKF Kefalonia International Airport [S] [45]
Kelowna Canada (British Columbia) YLW CYLW Kelowna International Airport [T] [4]:60
Khartoum Sudan KRT HSSS Khartoum International Airport [T] [12]
Kiev Ukraine KBP UKBB Boryspil International Airport
Kingston Jamaica KIN MKJP Norman Manley International Airport
Kirkwall United Kingdom KOI EGPA Kirkwall Airport [T] [1]
Kolkata India CCU VECC Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose International Airport [T] [1]
Kraków Poland KRK EPKK John Paul II International Airport Kraków-Balice [46]
Kuala Lumpur Malaysia KUL WMKK Kuala Lumpur International Airport [47]
Kuwait Kuwait KWI OKBK Kuwait International Airport
Lagos Nigeria LOS DNMM Murtala Muhammed International Airport
Lanzarote Spain ACE GCRR Lanzarote Airport [48][49]
Larnaca Cyprus LCA LCLK Larnaca International Airport
Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Spain LPA GCLP Gran Canaria Airport [S] [50]
Las Vegas United States (Nevada) LAS KLAS McCarran International Airport
Leeds United Kingdom LBA EGNM Leeds Bradford International Airport [51]
Leipzig Germany LEJ EDDP Leipzig/Halle Airport [T] [1]
Lilongwe Malawi LLW FWKI Lilongwe International Airport [T] [1][3]
Lima Peru LIM SPIM Jorge Chavez International Airport [S] [52][53]
Limoges France LIG LFBL Limoges – Bellegarde Airport [54]
Linz Austria LNZ LOWL Linz Airport [T] [4]:60
Lisbon Portugal LIS LPPT Lisbon Airport
Liverpool United Kingdom LPL EGGP Liverpool John Lennon Airport [T] [1]
Ljubljana Slovenia LJU LJLJ Ljubljana Jože Pučnik Airport [T] [4]:60
London United Kingdom LGW EGKK Gatwick Airport [Hub]
London United Kingdom LCY EGLC London City Airport
London United Kingdom LHR EGLL Heathrow Airport [Primary Hub]
London United Kingdom LTN EGGW London Luton Airport [T] [1]
London United Kingdom STN EGSS London Stansted Airport [T] [13]
Los Angeles United States (California) LAX KLAX Los Angeles International Airport
Luanda Angola LAD FNLU Quatro de Fevereiro Airport
Lugano Switzerland LUG LSZA Lugano Airport [T] [4]:60
Lusaka Zambia LUN FLLS Lusaka International Airport [T] [55][56]
Luxembourg Luxembourg LUX ELLX Findel Airport
Luxor Egypt LXR HELX Luxor International Airport [T] [12]
Lyon France LYS LFLL Lyon-Saint Exupéry Airport
Madrid Spain MAD LEMD Adolfo Suárez Madrid–Barajas Airport ^ [13]
Mahé Seychelles SEZ FSIA Seychelles International Airport [57]
Mahébourg Mauritius MRU FIMP Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam International Airport
Málaga Spain AGP LEMG Málaga Airport
Malé Maldives MLE VRMM Ibrahim Nasir International Airport [S]
Malmö Sweden MMX ESMS Malmö Airport [T] [4]:60
Malta Malta MLA LMML Malta International Airport [58]
Manchester United Kingdom MAN EGCC Manchester Airport
Manila Philippines MNL RPLL Ninoy Aquino International Airport [T] [3][59]
Manzini Swaziland MTS FDMS Matsapha Airport [T] [1]
Marrakech Morocco RAK GMMX Marrakech-Menara Airport
Marseille France MRS LFML Marseille Provence Airport
Melbourne Australia MEL YMML Melbourne Airport [T] [1]
Menorca Spain MAH LEMH Menorca Airport [S] [20]
Mexico City Mexico MEX MMMX Mexico City International Airport
Miami United States (Florida) MIA KMIA Miami International Airport
Milan Italy LIN LIML Linate Airport
Milan Italy MXP LIMC Malpensa Airport
Minsk Belarus MSQ UMMS Minsk International Airport [T] [4]:60
Monrovia
Suspended indefinitely
Liberia ROB GLRB Roberts International Airport [T] [38]
Montego Bay Jamaica MBJ MKJS Sangster International Airport [T] [1]
Montpellier France MPL LFMT Montpellier – Méditerranée Airport [S] [25]
Montreal Canada (Quebec) YUL CYUL Montréal-Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport
Moscow Russia DME UUDD Domodedovo International Airport
Mumbai India BOM VABB Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport ^ [13]
Munich Germany MUC EDDM Munich Airport
Münster Germany FMO EDDG Münster Osnabrück International Airport [T] [4]:60
Murcia Spain MJV LELC Murcia-San Javier Airport [1][25]
Muscat Oman MCT OOMS Muscat International Airport
Mykonos Greece JMK LGMK Mykonos Island National Airport [S] [60]
Nagoya Japan NKM RJNA Komaki Airport [T] [1]
Nairobi Kenya NBO HKJK Jomo Kenyatta International Airport ^ [13]
Nantes France NTE LFRS Nantes Atlantique Airport [25]
Naples Italy NAP LIRN Naples Airport
Nashville [F]
begins 4 May 2018
United States (Tennessee) BNA KBNA Nashville International Airport [61]
Nassau Bahamas NAS MYNN Lynden Pindling International Airport
New Orleans United States (Louisiana) MSY KMSY Louis Armstrong New Orleans International Airport [62][63]
New York City United States (New York) JFK KJFK John F. Kennedy International Airport
Newark (New York City) United States (New Jersey) EWR KEWR Newark Liberty International Airport
Newcastle upon Tyne United Kingdom NCL EGNT Newcastle Airport
Newquay United Kingdom NQY EGHQ Newquay Cornwall Airport [T] [1]
Nice France NCE LFMN Nice Côte d'Azur Airport
Norrköping Sweden NRK ESSP Norrköping Airport [T] [4]:60
North Ronaldsay United Kingdom NRL EGEN North Ronaldsay Airport [T] [1]
Norwich United Kingdom NWI EGSH Norwich International Airport [T] [4]:60
Nuremberg Germany NUE EDDN Nuremberg Airport [T] [4]:60
Oakland United States (California) OAK KOAK Oakland International Airport [64]
Orlando United States (Florida) MCO KMCO Orlando International Airport
Osaka Japan KIX RJBB Kansai International Airport [T] [1]
Oslo Norway FBU ENFB Fornebu Airport [T] [1]
Oslo Norway OSL ENGM Oslo Gardermoen Airport
Ostend Belgium OST EBOS Ostend-Bruges International Airport [T] [4]:60
Palermo Italy PMO LICJ Falcone–Borsellino Airport [S] [20]
Palma de Mallorca Spain PMI LEPA Palma de Mallorca Airport
Papa Westray United Kingdom PPW EGEP Papa Westray Airport [T] [1]
Paphos Cyprus PFO LCPH Paphos International Airport [S]
Paris France CDG LFPG Charles de Gaulle Airport
Paris France ORY LFPO Orly Airport [65]
Perth Australia PER YPPH Perth Airport [T] [1]
Philadelphia United States (Pennsylvania) PHL KPHL Philadelphia International Airport
Phoenix United States (Arizona) PHX KPHX Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport
Pisa Italy PSA LIRP Galileo Galilei Airport
Pittsburgh United States (Pennsylvania) PIT KPIT Pittsburgh International Airport [T] [1]
Plymouth United Kingdom PLH EGHD Plymouth City Airport [T] [1]
Port Elizabeth South Africa PLZ FAPE Port Elizabeth Airport [T] [1]
Port of Spain Trinidad and Tobago POS TTPP Piarco International Airport
Porto Portugal OPO LPPR Francisco de Sá Carneiro Airport [58]
Porto Santo Portugal PXO LPPS Porto Santo Airport [T] [1]
Prague Czech Republic PRG LKPR Prague Václav Havel Airport
Pristina Kosovo PRN BKPR Pristina International Airport Adem Jashari [T] [66]
Providenciales Turks and Caicos Islands PLS MBPV Providenciales International Airport
Pula Croatia PUY LDPL Pula Airport [S] [25]
Punta Cana Dominican Republic PUJ MDPC Punta Cana International Airport
Reykjavík Iceland KEF BIKF Keflavík International Airport [67]
Richards Bay South Africa RCB FARB Richards Bay Airport [T] [1]
Riga Latvia RIX EVRA Riga International Airport [T] [1]
Rio de Janeiro Brazil GIG SBGL Rio de Janeiro-Galeão International Airport
Riyadh Saudi Arabia RUH OERK King Khalid International Airport
Rome Italy FCO LIRF Leonardo da Vinci-Fiumicino Airport
Rotterdam Netherlands RTM EHRD Rotterdam The Hague Airport [68]
Saarbrücken Germany SCN EDDR Saarbrücken Airport [T] [4]:60
Saint Kitts Saint Kitts and Nevis SKB TKPK Robert L. Bradshaw International Airport
Saint Petersburg Russia LED ULLI Pulkovo Airport
Salzburg Austria SZG LOWS Salzburg Airport
San Diego United States (California) SAN KSAN San Diego International Airport
San Francisco United States (California) SFO KSFO San Francisco International Airport
San Jose United States (California) SJC KSJC San Jose International Airport [69]
San José de Costa Rica Costa Rica SJO MROC Juan Santamaría International Airport [4]:60[70]
San Juan Puerto Rico SJU TJSJ Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport [T] [71][72]
Sanday United Kingdom NDY EGES Sanday Airport [T] [1]
Santiago de Chile Chile SCL SCEL Comodoro Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport [1][73]
Santorini Greece JTR LGSR Santorini National Airport [S] [60]
Seattle United States (Washington) SEA KSEA Seattle-Tacoma International Airport
Seoul South Korea GMP RKSS Gimpo International Airport [T][nb 1] [1]
Seoul South Korea ICN RKSI Incheon International Airport [75][76][77]
Shanghai China PVG ZSPD Shanghai Pudong International Airport ^ [13]
Shannon Ireland SNN EINN Shannon Airport [T] [1]
Sharm el-Sheikh Egypt SSH HESH Sharm el-Sheikh International Airport [T] [78]
Shetland Islands United Kingdom LSI EGPB Sumburgh Airport [T] [1]
Singapore Singapore SIN WSSS Singapore Changi Airport
Skopje Macedonia SKP LWSK Skopje "Alexander the Great" Airport [T] [2]:99
Sofia Bulgaria SOF LBSF Sofia Airport
Southampton United Kingdom SOU EGHI Southampton Airport [T] [1]
St. George Grenada GND TGPY Maurice Bishop International Airport
Stavanger Norway SVG ENZV Stavanger Airport [5][6][19]
Stockholm Sweden ARN ESSA Arlanda Airport
Stockholm Sweden BMA ESSB Bromma Airport [T] [1]
Stornoway United Kingdom SYY EGPO Stornoway Airport [T] [1]
Stronsay United Kingdom SOY EGER Stronsay Airport [T] [1]
Stuttgart Germany STR EDDS Stuttgart Airport
Sydney Australia SYD YSSY Sydney Airport
São Paulo Brazil GRU SBGR São Paulo-Guarulhos International Airport
Taipei Taiwan TPE RCTP Taoyuan International Airport [T] [1]
Tallinn Estonia TLL EETN Tallinn Airport [4]:60[25]
Tampa United States (Florida) TPA KTPA Tampa International Airport
Tampere Finland TMP EFTP Tampere-Pirkkala Airport [T] [4]:60
Tangier Morocco TNG GMTT Tangier Ibn Battouta Airport [T] [1]
Tashkent Uzbekistan TAS UTTT Tashkent International Airport [T] [4]:60
Tbilisi Georgia TBS UGTB Tbilisi International Airport [T] [79][80]
Teesside United Kingdom MME EGNV Durham Tees Valley Airport [T] [4]:60
Tehran Iran IKA OIIE Tehran Imam Khomeini International Airport [81]
Tel Aviv Israel TLV LLBG Ben Gurion Airport
Tenerife Spain TFS GCTS Tenerife South Airport
Thessaloniki Greece SKG LGTS Thessaloniki International Airport [S]
Thisted Denmark TED EKTS Thisted Airport [T] [4]:60
Tirana Albania TIA LATI Tirana International Airport Nënë Tereza
Tiree United Kingdom TRE EGPU Tiree Airport [T] [1]
Tobago Trinidad and Tobago TAB TTCP Arthur Napoleon Raymond Robinson International Airport
Tokyo Japan HND RJTT Haneda Airport
Tokyo Japan NRT RJAA Narita International Airport
Toronto Canada (Ontario) YYZ CYYZ Toronto Pearson International Airport
Toulouse France TLS LFBO Toulouse-Blagnac Airport
Tripoli Libya TIP HLLT Tripoli International Airport [T] [82]
Tunis Tunisia TUN DTTA Tunis-Carthage International Airport
Turin Italy TRN LIMF Turin Caselle Airport
Turku Finland TKU EFTU Turku Airport [T] [4]:60
Vaasa Finland VAA EFVA Vaasa Airport [T] [4]:60
Valencia Spain VLC LEVC Valencia Airport [83]
Vancouver Canada (British Columbia) YVR CYVR Vancouver International Airport
Venice Italy VCE LIPZ Venice Marco Polo Airport
Verona Italy VRN LIPX Verona Airport
Victoria Falls Zimbabwe VFA FVFA Victoria Falls Airport [T] [1]
Vienna Austria VIE LOWW Vienna International Airport
Vieux-Fort Saint Lucia UVF TLPL Hewanorra International Airport
Vilnius Lithuania VNO EYVI Vilnius International Airport [T] [4]:60
Warsaw Poland WAW EPWA Warsaw Chopin Airport
Washington, D.C. United States (Virginia) IAD KIAD Washington Dulles International Airport
Waterford Ireland WAT EIWF Waterford Airport [T] [4]:60
Westray United Kingdom WRY EGEW Westray Airport [T] [1]
Wick United Kingdom WIC EGPC Wick Airport [T] [1]
Windhoek Namibia WDH FYWH Windhoek Hosea Kutako International Airport [T] [1]
Yerevan Armenia EVN UDYZ Zvartnots International Airport [T] [4]:60
Zagreb Croatia ZAG LDZA Zagreb Airport [68]
Zakynthos Greece ZTH LGZA Zakynthos International Airport [S] [25]
Zaragoza Spain ZAZ LEZG Zaragoza Airport [T] [13]
Zurich Switzerland ZRH LSZH Zurich Airport

See also[edit]

  • flagUnited Kingdom portal
  • Aviation portal
  • British Airways franchise destinations
  • British Airways World Cargo
  • Transport in the United Kingdom

Notes and references[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. Jump up ^ International traffic was transferred to Incheon Airport in 2001.[74]
  1. Jump up ^ The source lists Derry as Londonderry, but per the manual of style, the city is listed as Derry.

References[edit]

  1. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt "World Airline Directory – British Airways". Flight International. 53 (4617): 57. 18–24 March 1998. Archived from the original on 26 March 2013.
  2. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e "World Airline Directory – British Airways" (PDF). Flight International: 98 – 99. 20 March 2001 – 26 March 2001. Retrieved 24 June 2011.  Check date values in: |date= (help)
  3. ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Route Network on 14 December 2000, British Airways
  4. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak "World Airline Directory – British Airways" (PDF). Flight International: 59 – 60. 24 March 1999 – 30 March 1999. Retrieved 30 August 2011.  Check date values in: |date= (help)
  5. ^ Jump up to: a b c d "British Airways transfers nine bmi routes to British Airways code". Centre for Aviation. 11 May 2012. Archived from the original on 12 May 2012. Retrieved 12 May 2012.
  6. ^ Jump up to: a b c d "bmi flights changing to have BA flight numbers". British Airways. 10 May 2012. Archived from the original on 11 May 2012. Retrieved 4 July 2012.
  7. Jump up ^ "British Airways suspends London Heathrow – Agadir route from 26 October 2014". London Air Travel. 20 May 2014. Retrieved 3 Jan 2016.
  8. Jump up ^ "British Airways: deux petites nouveautés pour l'hiver" [British Airways: two new requests for winter] (in French). Air Journal. 19 July 2012. Archived from the original on 21 July 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
  9. ^ Jump up to: a b ba.com – New flight routes and destinations Archived 17 April 2014 at the Wayback Machine.
  10. ^ Jump up to: a b "British Airways Ends Entebbe / Almaty Service from October 2015". Airline Route. 24 July 2015. Archived from the original on 12 October 2015.
  11. ^ Jump up to: a b "Latest information about bmi flights". British Airways. 3 July 2012. Archived from the original on 4 July 2012. Retrieved 4 July 2012.
  12. ^ Jump up to: a b c d "World Airline Directory – British Airways" (PDF). Flight International: 67. 1 April 1989. Retrieved 25 March 2012.
  13. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s "Long haul freighter schedule (Effective October 2011 (2011-10))" (PDF). British Airways World Cargo. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 July 2012. Retrieved 31 July 2012.
  14. Jump up ^ http://airlineroute.net/2011/01/25/ba-w85/
  15. Jump up ^ Mutzabaugh, Ben (3 March 2014). "Boeing Dreamliner puts Austin on the global travel map". USA TODAY. Archived from the original on 3 March 2014.
  16. Jump up ^ azernews.az - British Airways suspending Baku flights
  17. Jump up ^ "British Airways to start service from BWI to Heathrow". The Baltimore Sun. 15 October 2001.
  18. Jump up ^ "World Airline Directory – British Airways" (PDF). Flight International: 74. 24 March 1993 – 30 March 1993. Retrieved 30 August 2011.  Check date values in: |date= (help)
  19. ^ Jump up to: a b British Airways - Timetables
  20. ^ Jump up to: a b c "British Airways to launch new summer seasonal routes from London Heathrow to Biarritz, Menorca and Palermo". Londonairtravel.com. 21 October 2015. Retrieved 9 November 2015.
  21. Jump up ^ Gill, Rob (30 October 2014). "British Airways to start Bilbao flights". Buying Business Travel. Archived from the original on 14 November 2014.
  22. Jump up ^ "British Airways Adds London Heathrow - Billund Route from May 2016". Airlineroute.net. 29 October 2015. Retrieved 9 November 2015.
  23. Jump up ^ http://mediacentre.britishairways.com/pressrelease/details/86/2017-228/8244
  24. Jump up ^ "British Airways To Fly to Bodrum and Dalaman in 2015". Fethiye Times. 24 February 2015. Retrieved 11 June 2015.
  25. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g "British Airways adds new Heathrow – Europe routes in S17". Routes Online. 1 November 2016. Retrieved 2 November 2016.
  26. Jump up ^ "BA to scrap struggling Bmi routes". The Telegraph. 19 July 2012. Archived from the original on 2013-12-17.
  27. ^ Jump up to: a b Young, Kathryn M. (23 November 2015). "Airline Routes-Nov. 23, 2015". Air Transport World. British Airways adds London LHR-Chania and Kalamata, Greece, to its summer scheduled beginning April 30, 2016, with a mixed fleet of Airbus A319 and A320 aircraft.
  28. Jump up ^ http://www.routesonline.com/news/38/airlineroute/269370/british-airways-closes-chengdu-reservations-from-jan-2017/
  29. Jump up ^ Phillips, Tony (2013). With Great Foresight-The story of Christchurch International Airport. [Christchurch, N.Z.]: The Caxton Press. p. 147. ISBN 9780473265403.
  30. Jump up ^ Duclos, François (15 April 2013). "British Airways est de retour au Sri Lanka" [British Airways is back at Sri Lanka] (in French). Air Journal. Archived from the original on 16 April 2013.
  31. Jump up ^ BA to end Colombo turn Male seasonal Archived 26 September 2014 at the Wayback Machine.
  32. Jump up ^ "British Airways To Fly to Bodrum and Dalaman in 2015". Fethiye Times. 24 February 2015. Retrieved 11 June 2015.
  33. Jump up ^ "Tanzania: Dons See Loss As BA Closes Shop". AllAfrica.com. Tanzania Daily News. 18 January 2013. Archived from the original on 18 January 2013. Retrieved 18 January 2013.
  34. Jump up ^ "Doha International Airport frontpage". Archived from the original on 24 May 2014.
  35. Jump up ^ "Celebrate Gulf's newest hub with discount on flights" (Press release). Oneworld. 27 May 2014. Archived from the original on 8 June 2014.
  36. Jump up ^ "Flights to Dublin (DUB)". British Airways. Archived from the original on 4 July 2012. Retrieved 4 July 2012.
  37. Jump up ^ "British Airways launches flights to Fort Lauderdale". Buying Business Travel. 27 October 2016. Retrieved 27 October 2016.
  38. ^ Jump up to: a b "Ebola outbreak: BA and Whitehall pushed to restart direct flights to virus-hit countries". The Independent. 1 February 2015. Retrieved 14 June 2015.
  39. ^ Jump up to: a b "British Airways Adds London Gatwick – Friedrichshafen / Grenoble Winter Service from late-Dec 2014". Airline Route. 7 April 2014. Archived from the original on 2014-04-09.
  40. Jump up ^ "BA New Routes". British Airways.
  41. Jump up ^ British Airways' Speedbird Club: Arret de la route Hassi Messaoud au départ de Gatwick
  42. Jump up ^ Aujourd'hui Le Maroc – Alger : British Airways craint des attentats Archived 10 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine.
  43. Jump up ^ "British Airways set for Highlands return". The Scotsman. 4 November 2015. Retrieved 5 November 2015.
  44. Jump up ^ BA history 1990s
  45. Jump up ^ http://aviationtribune.com/airlines/europe/british-airways-launches-new-route-kefalonia/
  46. Jump up ^ "New flights from Krakow to UK, Netherlands". Krakow Post. 24 April 2015. Retrieved 11 June 2015.
  47. Jump up ^ Alan, Alan (30 October 2015). "IAG net profit up 39% in 3Q". Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 31 October 2015. Growth in the quarter had come from all parts of the group; Iberia, for example, had restored some previously ditched routes, such as Madrid-Havana, and opened new ones, such as Madrid-Cali, while BA opened up London Heathrow-Kuala Lumpur.
  48. Jump up ^ "BA New Routes" (Press release). British Airways. Archived from the original on 17 April 2014. Retrieved 22 December 2012.
  49. Jump up ^ "British Airways: deux routes vers les îles Canaries" [British Airways: two services to the Canary Islands] (in French). Air Journal. 8 November 2012. Archived from the original on 20 November 2012. Retrieved 20 November 2012.
  50. Jump up ^ "British Airways' Winter 2013 Schedule Includes New Service to Gran Canaria and Frequency Increases To Hot-spot Destinations" (Press release). British Airways. 22 October 2013. Archived from the original on 2013-10-29.
  51. Jump up ^ "Bmi Purchase Boosts British Airways Domestic Services From Winter 2012" (Press release). British Airways. 27 June 2012. Archived from the original on 2013-08-23. Retrieved 21 October 2012.
  52. Jump up ^ http://airlineroute.net/2015/08/18/ba-lim-s16/
  53. Jump up ^ http://www.routesonline.com/news/38/airlineroute/272269/british-airways-removes-lima-nw17-schedule/
  54. Jump up ^ "New Routes". British Airways. 22 November 2016. Retrieved 23 November 2016.
  55. Jump up ^ "Zambia's booming economy increasingly reliant on Kenya and Ethiopian Airways. A flag carrier needed?". Centre for Aviation. 15 October 2013. Archived from the original on 2013-10-30.
  56. Jump up ^ "British Airways abandons London-Lusaka route". The Lusaka Times. 4 September 2013. Archived from the original on 2013-09-11.
  57. Jump up ^ https://www.routesonline.com/news/38/airlineroute/277852/british-airways-opens-seychelles-reservation-in-w18/
  58. ^ Jump up to: a b "Airline Routes". Air Transport World. 21 April 2014. Archived from the original on 22 April 2014.
  59. Jump up ^ "LH Quits Manila," TTG Asia[dead link]
  60. ^ Jump up to: a b "British Airways Launches Flights to Oporto, Mykonos and Santorini" (Press release). British Airways. 16 October 2013. Archived from the original on 19 October 2013.
  61. Jump up ^ http://www.routesonline.com/news/38/airlineroute/274202/british-airways-adds-nashville-service-from-may-2018/
  62. Jump up ^ "U.S. and Britain Agree To Expand Air Service; Gatwick to Get New Service New Entrants in Market," The New York Times(subscription required)[not in citation given]
  63. Jump up ^ "British Airways Announces Services Between New Orleans and London". EconoTimes. 20 October 2016. Retrieved 20 October 2016.
  64. Jump up ^ "More Choice for Bay Area Residents With New Oakland to London Service" (Press release). British Airways. 1 November 2016. Retrieved 1 November 2016.
  65. Jump up ^ "BA transfers Paris Orly route from London Heathrow to City" (Press release). London Air Travel. 18 July 2017. Retrieved 17 September 2017.
  66. Jump up ^ http://www.airkosova.net/2012/08/british-airways-to-farewell-pristina/
  67. Jump up ^ http://airlineroute.net/2015/05/08/ba-europe-w15/
  68. ^ Jump up to: a b "British Airways atterrit à Zagreb, Rotterdam" [British Airways lands at Zagreb and Rotterdam] (in French). Air Journal. 10 December 2012. Archived from the original on 7 January 2013. Retrieved 6 January 2013.
  69. Jump up ^ "British Airways to start 787-9 flights to San Jose, California". Air Transport World. 26 August 2015. Retrieved 26 August 2015.
  70. Jump up ^ "British Airways to Start Costa Rica Service from May 2016". Airline Route. 6 August 2015. Archived from the original on 6 August 2015.
  71. Jump up ^ Gill, Rob (7 November 2012). "British Airways to end Puerto Rico route". Buying Business Travel. Archived from the original on 4 April 2013.
  72. Jump up ^ "British Airways Serves San Juan" (Press release). British Airways. 28 March 2011. Archived from the original on 2013-10-19.
  73. Jump up ^ "First direct flight from UK to Chile coming in 2017". The Telegraph. 18 May 2017. Retrieved 18 May 2017.
  74. Jump up ^ Vlassis, Gus (3 April 2001). "Olympic's privatisation again in doubt as new Athens hub opens". Athens: Flightglobal. Flight International. Archived from the original on 7 March 2013. South Korea's new Incheon International airport opened for business on 29 March. The airport, built at a cost of $5 billion, will initially be able to handle 27 million passengers and 1.7 million tonnes of cargo annually. Some 50 km west of the capital Seoul, the airport will handle international traffic while the older Gimpo airport it replaces is to remain open for domestic traffic.
  75. Jump up ^ "British Airways Announces New Route To Asia" (Press release). British Airways. 3 May 2012. Archived from the original on 12 May 2012. Retrieved 12 May 2012.
  76. Jump up ^ "British Airways resumes Seoul service with more Asian destinations to come as BA integrates bmi". Centre for Aviation. 3 May 2012. Archived from the original on 4 May 2012. Retrieved 4 May 2012.
  77. Jump up ^ Tom Otley (3 May 2012). "BA returns to Seoul". Business Traveller. Archived from the original on 3 May 2012. Retrieved 3 May 2012.
  78. Jump up ^ https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/06/21/british-airways-abandons-flights-to-egypts-sharm-el-sheikh-resor/
  79. Jump up ^ britishairways.com – Timetables Archived 22 August 2006 at the Wayback Machine.
  80. Jump up ^ "BA announces summer route and terminal changes". 17 January 2012. Archived from the original on 2014-04-16. Retrieved 18 January 2013.
  81. Jump up ^ "British Airways Delays Tehran Resumption to Sep 2016". routesonline. Retrieved 22 June 2016.
  82. Jump up ^ "Lufthansa, Austrian Airlines halt Libya flights indefinitely". Reuters Africa. 7 April 2014. Archived from the original on 8 June 2014.
  83. Jump up ^ http://airlineroute.net/2015/08/18/ba-vlcop-w15/

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Standard enthalpy of formation

Standard enthalpy of formation

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The standard enthalpy of formation or standard heat of formation of a compound is the change of enthalpy during the formation of 1 mole of the substance from its constituent elements, with all substances in their standard states, and at a pressure of 1 bar (100 kPa). There is no standard temperature. Its symbol is ΔfH⊖. The superscript Plimsoll on this symbol indicates that the process has occurred under standard conditions at the specified temperature (usually 25 °C or 298.15 K). Standard states are as follows:

  1. For a gas: the hypothetical state it would have assuming it obeyed the ideal gas equation at a pressure of 1 atm
  2. For a solute present in an ideal solution: a concentration of exactly one mole per liter (1 M) at a pressure of 1 atm
  3. For a pure substance or a solvent in a condensed state (a liquid or a solid): the standard state is the pure liquid or solid under a pressure of 1 atm
  4. For an element: the form in which the element is most stable under 1 atm of pressure. One exception is phosphorus, for which the most stable form at 1 atm is black phosphorus, but white phosphorus is chosen as the standard reference state for zero enthalpy of formation.[1]

For example, the standard enthalpy of formation of carbon dioxide would be the enthalpy of the following reaction under the conditions above:

C(s, graphite) + O2(g) → CO2(g)

All elements are written in their standard states, and one mole of product is formed. This is true for all enthalpies of formation.

The standard enthalpy of formation is measured in units of energy per amount of substance, usually stated in kilojoule per mole (kJ mol−1), but also in kilocalorie per mole, joule per mole or kilocalorie per gram (any combination of these units conforming to the energy per mass or amount guideline).

In physics the energy per particle is often expressed in electronvolts (eV), where 1 eV corresponds to 96.485 kJ mol−1.

All elements in their standard states (oxygen gas, solid carbon in the form of graphite, etc.) have a standard enthalpy of formation of zero, as there is no change involved in their formation.

The formation reaction is a constant pressure and constant temperature process. Since the pressure of the standard formation reaction is fixed at 1 atm, the standard formation enthalpy or reaction heat is a function of temperature. For tabulation purposes, standard formation enthalpies are all given at a single temperature: 298 K, represented by the symbol ΔfH⊖
298 K
.

Contents

 [hide]
  • 1 Hess's law
  • 2 Ionic compounds: Born-Haber cycle
  • 3 Organic compounds
  • 4 Use in calculation for other reactions
  • 5 Key concepts for doing enthalpy calculations
  • 6 Examples: standard enthalpies of formation at 25 °C
    • 6.1 Inorganic substances
    • 6.2 Aliphatic hydrocarbons
    • 6.3 Other organic compounds
  • 7 See also
  • 8 References
  • 9 External links

Hess's law[edit]

For many substances, the formation reaction may be considered as the sum of a number of simpler reactions, either real or fictitious. The enthalpy of reaction can then be analyzed by applying Hess's Law, which states that the sum of the enthalpy changes for a number of individual reaction steps equals the enthalpy change of the overall reaction. This is true because enthalpy is a state function, whose value for an overall process depends only on the initial and final states and not on any intermediate states. Examples are given in the following sections.

Ionic compounds: Born-Haber cycle[edit]

Standard enthalpy change of formation in Born–Haber diagram for lithium fluoride.

For ionic compounds, the standard enthalpy of formation is equivalent to the sum of several terms included in the Born–Haber cycle. For example, the formation of lithium fluoride,

Li(s) +  1⁄2 F2(g) → LiF(s)

may be considered as the sum of several steps, each with its own enthalpy (or energy, approximately):

  1. The standard enthalpy of atomization (or sublimation) of solid lithium
  2. The first ionization energy of gaseous lithium
  3. The standard enthalpy of atomization (or bond energy) of fluorine gas
  4. The electron affinity of a fluorine atom
  5. The lattice energy of lithium fluoride

The sum of all these enthalpies will give the standard enthalpy of formation of lithium fluoride.

Δ H f = Δ H sub + IE Li + 1 2 B(F–F) − EA F + U L {\displaystyle \Delta {\text{H}}_{\text{f}}=\Delta {\text{H}}_{\text{sub}}+{\text{IE}}_{\text{Li}}+{\frac {1}{2}}{\text{B(F–F)}}-{\text{EA}}_{\text{F}}+{\text{U}}_{\text{L}}} {\displaystyle \Delta {\text{H}}_{\text{f}}=\Delta {\text{H}}_{\text{sub}}+{\text{IE}}_{\text{Li}}+{\frac {1}{2}}{\text{B(F–F)}}-{\text{EA}}_{\text{F}}+{\text{U}}_{\text{L}}}

In practice, the enthalpy of formation of lithium fluoride can be determined experimentally, but the lattice energy cannot be measured directly. The equation is therefore rearranged in order to evaluate the lattice energy.[2]

U L = Δ H sub + IE Li + 1 2 B(F–F) − EA F + Δ H f {\displaystyle {\text{U}}_{\text{L}}=\Delta {\text{H}}_{\text{sub}}+{\text{IE}}_{\text{Li}}+{\frac {1}{2}}{\text{B(F–F)}}-{\text{EA}}_{\text{F}}+\Delta {\text{H}}_{\text{f}}} {\displaystyle {\text{U}}_{\text{L}}=\Delta {\text{H}}_{\text{sub}}+{\text{IE}}_{\text{Li}}+{\frac {1}{2}}{\text{B(F–F)}}-{\text{EA}}_{\text{F}}+\Delta {\text{H}}_{\text{f}}}

Organic compounds[edit]

The formation reactions for most organic compounds are hypothetical. For instance carbon and hydrogen will not directly react to form methane (CH4), so that the standard enthalpy of formation cannot be measured directly. However the standard enthalpy of combustion is readily mesurable using bomb calorimetry. The standard enthalpy of formation is then determined using Hess's law. The combustion of methane (CH4 + 2 O2 → CO2 + 2 H2O) is equivalent to the sum of the hypothetical decomposition into elements followed by the combustion of the elements to form carbon dioxide and water:

CH4 → C + 2 H2
C + O2 → CO2
2 H2 + O2 → 2 H2O

Applying Hess's law,

ΔcombH⊖(CH4) = [ΔfH⊖(CO2) + 2 ΔfH⊖(H2O)] – ΔfH⊖(CH4)

Solving for the standard of enthalpy of formation,

ΔfH⊖(CH4) = [ΔfH⊖(CO2) + 2 ΔfH⊖(H2O)] – ΔcombH⊖(CH4)

The value of ΔfH⊖(CH4) is determined to be –74.8 kJ mol-1. The negative sign shows that the reaction, if it were to proceed, would be exothermic; that is, it is enthalpically more stable than hydrogen gas and carbon.

It is possible to predict heats of formation for simple unstrained organic compounds with the Heat of formation group additivity method.

Use in calculation for other reactions[edit]

The standard enthalpy change of any reaction can be calculated from the standard enthalpies of formation of reactants and products using Hess's law. A given reaction is considered as the decomposition of all reactants into elements in their standard states, followed by the formation of all products. The heat of reaction is then minus the sum of the standard enthalpies of formation of the reactants (each being multiplied by its respective stoichiometric coefficient, ν) plus the sum of the standard enthalpies of formation of the products (each also multiplied by its respective stoichiometric coefficient), as shown in the equation below:

ΔrH⊖ = Σν ΔfH⊖(products) − Σν ΔfH⊖(reactants)[3]

If the standard enthalpy of the products is less than the standard enthalpy of the reactants, the standard enthalpy of reaction will be negative. This implies that the reaction is exothermic. The converse is also true; the standard enthalpy of reaction will be positive for an endothermic reaction. This calculation has a tacit assumption of ideal solution between reactants and products where the enthalpy of mixing is zero.

For example, for the combustion of methane, CH4 + 2 O2 → CO2 + 2 H2O:

ΔrH⊖ = [ΔfH⊖(CO2) + 2 ΔfH⊖(H2O)] – [ΔfH⊖(CH4) + 2 ΔfH⊖(O2)]

However O2 is an element in its standard state, so that ΔfH⊖(O2) = 0 and the heat of reaction is simplified to

ΔrH⊖ = [ΔfH⊖(CO2) + 2 ΔfH⊖(H2O)] – ΔfH⊖(CH4),

which is the equation in the previous section for the enthalpy of combustion ΔcombH⊖.

Key concepts for doing enthalpy calculations[edit]

  1. When a reaction is reversed, the magnitude of ΔH stays the same, but the sign changes.
  2. When the balanced equation for a reaction is multiplied by an integer, the corresponding value of ΔH must be multiplied by that integer as well.
  3. The change in enthalpy for a reaction can be calculated from the enthalpies of formation of the reactants and the products
  4. Elements in their standard states make no contribution to the enthalpy calculations for the reaction since the enthalpy of an element in its standard state is zero. Allotropes of an element other than the standard state generally have non-zero standard enthalpies of formation.

Examples: standard enthalpies of formation at 25 °C[edit]

Thermochemical properties of selected substances at 298 K and 1 atm

Inorganic substances[edit]

Species Phase Chemical formula ΔfH⊖ /(kJ/mol)
Aluminium
Aluminium Solid Al 0
Aluminium chloride Solid AlCl3 −705.63
Aluminium oxide Solid Al2O3 −1669.8
Aluminium hydroxide Solid Al(OH)3 −1277
Aluminium sulphate Solid Al2(SO4)3 −3440
Ammonia (ammonium hydroxide) aq NH3 (NH4OH) −80.8
Ammonia Gas NH3 −46.1
Ammonium nitrate Solid NH4NO3 −365.6
Barium
Barium chloride Solid BaCl2 −858.6
Barium carbonate Solid BaCO3 −1213
Barium hydroxide Solid Ba(OH)2 −944.7
Barium oxide Solid BaO −548.1
Barium sulfate Solid BaSO4 −1473.2
Beryllium
Beryllium Solid Be 0
Beryllium hydroxide Solid Be(OH)2 −902.9999
Beryllium oxide Solid BeO −609.4(25)
Boron
Boron trichloride Solid BCl3 −402.96
Bromine
Bromine Liquid Br2 0
Bromide ion Aqueous Br− −121
Bromine Gas Br 111.884
Bromine Gas Br2 30.91
Bromine trifluoride Gas BrF3 −255.60
Hydrogen bromide Gas HBr −36.29
Cadmium
Cadmium Solid Cd 0
Cadmium oxide Solid CdO −258
Cadmium hydroxide Solid Cd(OH)2 −561
Cadmium sulfide Solid CdS −162
Cadmium sulfate Solid CdSO4 −935
Calcium
Calcium Solid Ca 0
Calcium Gas Ca 178.2
Calcium(II) ion Gas Ca2+ 1925.90
Calcium carbide Solid CaC2 −59.8
Calcium carbonate (Calcite) Solid CaCO3 −1206.9
Calcium chloride Solid CaCl2 −795.8
Calcium chloride Aqueous CaCl2 −877.3
Calcium phosphate Solid Ca3(PO4)2 −4132
Calcium fluoride Solid CaF2 −1219.6
Calcium hydride Solid CaH2 −186.2
Calcium hydroxide Solid Ca(OH)2 −986.09
Calcium hydroxide Aqueous Ca(OH)2 −1002.82
Calcium oxide Solid CaO −635.09
Calcium sulfate Solid CaSO4 −1434.52
Calcium sulfide Solid CaS −482.4
Wollastonite Solid CaSiO3 −1630
Caesium
Caesium Solid Cs 0
Caesium Gas Cs 76.50
Caesium Liquid Cs 2.09
Caesium(I) ion Gas Cs+ 457.964
Caesium chloride Solid CsCl −443.04
Carbon
Carbon (Graphite) Solid C 0
Carbon (Diamond) Solid C 1.9
Carbon Gas C 716.67
Carbon dioxide Gas CO2 −393.509
Carbon disulfide Liquid CS2 89.41
Carbon disulfide Gas CS2 116.7
Carbon monoxide Gas CO −110.525
Carbonyl chloride (Phosgene) Gas COCl2 −218.8
Carbon dioxide (un–ionized) Aqueous CO2(aq) −419.26
Bicarbonate ion Aqueous HCO3– −689.93
Carbonate ion Aqueous CO32– −675.23
Chlorine
Monatomic chlorine Gas Cl 121.7
Chloride ion Aqueous Cl− −167.2
Chlorine Gas Cl2 0
Chromium
Chromium Solid Cr 0
Copper
Copper Solid Cu 0
Copper(II) oxide Solid CuO −155.2
Copper(II) sulfate Aqueous CuSO4 −769.98
Fluorine
Fluorine Gas F2 0
Hydrogen
Monatomic hydrogen Gas H 218
Hydrogen Gas H2 0
Water Gas H2O −241.818
Water Liquid H2O −285.8
Hydrogen ion Aqueous H+ 0
Hydroxide ion Aqueous OH− −230
Hydrogen peroxide Liquid H2O2 −187.8
Phosphoric acid Liquid H3PO4 −1288
Hydrogen cyanide Gas HCN 130.5
Hydrogen bromide Liquid HBr −36.3
Hydrogen chloride Gas HCl −92.30
Hydrogen chloride Aqueous HCl −167.2
Hydrogen fluoride Gas HF −273.3
Hydrogen iodide Gas HI 26.5
Iodine
Iodine Solid I2 0
Iodine Gas I2 62.438
Iodine Aqueous I2 23
Iodide ion Aqueous I− −55
Iron
Iron Solid Fe 0
Iron carbide (Cementite) Solid Fe3C 5.4
Iron(II) carbonate (Siderite) Solid FeCO3 −750.6
Iron(III) chloride Solid FeCl3 −399.4
Iron(II) oxide (Wüstite) Solid FeO −272
Iron(II,III) oxide (Magnetite) Solid Fe3O4 −1118
Iron(III) oxide (Hematite) Solid Fe2O3 −824.2
Iron(II) sulfate Solid FeSO4 −929
Iron(III) sulfate Solid Fe2(SO4)3 −2583
Iron(II) sulfide Solid FeS −102
Pyrite Solid FeS2 −178
Lead
Lead Solid Pb 0
Lead dioxide Solid PbO2 −277
Lead sulfide Solid PbS −100
Lead sulfate Solid PbSO4 −920
Lead(II) nitrate Solid Pb(NO3)2 −452
Lead(II) sulfate Solid PbSO4 −920
Magnesium
Magnesium Solid Mg 0
Magnesium ion Aqueous Mg2+ −466.85
Magnesium carbonate Solid MgCO3 −1095.797
Magnesium chloride Solid MgCl2 −641.8
Magnesium hydroxide Solid Mg(OH)2 −924.54
Magnesium hydroxide Aqueous Mg(OH)2 −926.8
Magnesium oxide Solid MgO −601.6
Magnesium sulfate Solid MgSO4 −1278.2
Manganese
Manganese Solid Mn 0
Manganese(II) oxide Solid MnO −384.9
Manganese(IV) oxide Solid MnO2 −519.7
Manganese(III) oxide Solid Mn2O3 −971
Manganese(II,III) oxide Solid Mn3O4 −1387
Permanganate Aqueous MnO−
4
−543
Mercury
Mercury(II) oxide (red) Solid HgO −90.83
Mercury sulfide (red, cinnabar) Solid HgS −58.2
Nitrogen
Ammonia Aqueous NH3 −80.8
Ammonia Gas NH3 −45.90
Ammonium chloride Solid NH4Cl −314.55
Nitrogen dioxide Gas NO2 33.2
Nitrous oxide Gas N2O 82.05
Nitric oxide Gas NO 90.29
Dinitrogen tetroxide Gas N2O4 9.16
Dinitrogen pentoxide Solid N2O5 −43.1
Dinitrogen pentoxide Gas N2O5 11.3
Oxygen
Monatomic oxygen Gas O 249
Oxygen Gas O2 0
Ozone Gas O3 143
Phosphorus
White phosphorus Solid P4 0
Red phosphorus Solid P –17.4[4]
Black phosphorus Solid P –39.3[4]
Phosphorus trichloride Liquid PCl3 −319.7
Phosphorus trichloride Gas PCl3 −278
Phosphorus pentachloride Solid PCl5 −440
Potassium
Potassium bromide Solid KBr −392.2
Potassium carbonate Solid K2CO3 −1150
Potassium chlorate Solid KClO3 −391.4
Potassium chloride Solid KCl −436.68
Potassium fluoride Solid KF −562.6
Potassium oxide Solid K2O −363
Potassium perchlorate Solid KClO4 −430.12
Silicon
Silicon Gas Si 368.2
Silicon carbide Solid SiC −73.22
Silicon tetrachloride Liquid SiCl4 −640.1
Silica (Quartz) Solid SiO2 −910.86
Silver
Silver bromide Solid AgBr −99.5
Silver chloride Solid AgCl −127.01
Silver iodide Solid AgI −62.4
Silver oxide Solid Ag2O −31.1
Silver sulfide Solid Ag2S −31.8
Sodium
Sodium Solid Na 0
Sodium Gas Na +107.5
Sodium bicarbonate Solid NaHCO3 −950.8
Sodium carbonate Solid Na2CO3 −1130.77
Sodium chloride Aqueous NaCl −407.27
Sodium chloride Solid NaCl −411.12
Sodium chloride Liquid NaCl −385.92
Sodium chloride Gas NaCl −181.42
Sodium fluoride Solid NaF −569.0
Sodium hydroxide Aqueous NaOH −469.15
Sodium hydroxide Solid NaOH −425.93
Sodium nitrate Aqueous NaNO3 −446.2
Sodium nitrate Solid NaNO3 −424.8
Sodium oxide Solid Na2O −414.2
Sulfur
Sulfur (monoclinic) Solid S8 0.3
Sulfur (rhombic) Solid S8 0
Hydrogen sulfide Gas H2S −20.63
Sulfur dioxide Gas SO2 −296.84
Sulfur trioxide Gas SO3 −395.7
Sulfuric acid Liquid H2SO4 −814
Tin
Titanium
Titanium Gas Ti 468
Titanium tetrachloride Gas TiCl4 −763.2
Titanium tetrachloride Liquid TiCl4 −804.2
Titanium dioxide Solid TiO2 −944.7
Zinc
Zinc Gas Zn 130.7
Zinc chloride Solid ZnCl2 −415.1
Zinc oxide Solid ZnO −348.0
Zinc sulfate Solid ZnSO4 −980.14

Aliphatic hydrocarbons[edit]

Formula Name ΔfH⊖ /(kcal/mol) ΔfH⊖ /(kJ/mol)
Straight-chain
CH4 Methane −17.9 −74.9
C2H6 Ethane −20.0 −83.7
C2H4 Ethylene 12.5 52.5
C2H2 Acetylene 54.2 226.8
C3H8 Propane −25.0 −104.6
C4H10 n-Butane −30.0 −125.5
C5H12 n-Pentane −35.1 −146.9
C6H14 n-Hexane −40.0 −167.4
C7H16 n-Heptane −44.9 −187.9
C8H18 n-Octane −49.8 −208.4
C9H20 n-Nonane −54.8 −229.3
C10H22 n-Decane −59.6 −249.4
C4 Alkane branched isomers
C4H10 Isobutane (methylpropane) −32.1 −134.3
C5 Alkane branched isomers
C5H12 Neopentane (dimethylpropane) −40.1 −167.8
C5H12 Isopentane (methylbutane) −36.9 −154.4
C6 Alkane branched isomers
C6H14 2,2-Dimethylbutane −44.5 −186.2
C6H14 2,3-Dimethylbutane −42.5 −177.8
C6H14 2-Methylpentane (isohexane) −41.8 −174.9
C6H14 3-Methylpentane −41.1 −172.0
C7 Alkane branched isomers
C7H16 2,2-Dimethylpentane −49.2 −205.9
C7H16 2,2,3-Trimethylbutane −49.0 −205.0
C7H16 3,3-Dimethylpentane −48.1 −201.3
C7H16 2,3-Dimethylpentane −47.3 −197.9
C7H16 2,4-Dimethylpentane −48.2 −201.7
C7H16 2-Methylhexane −46.5 −194.6
C7H16 3-Methylhexane −45.7 −191.2
C7H16 3-Ethylpentane −45.3 −189.5
C8 Alkane branched isomers
C8H18 2,3-Dimethylhexane −55.1 −230.5
C8H18 2,2,3,3-Tetramethylbutane −53.9 −225.5
C8H18 2,2-Dimethylhexane −53.7 −224.7
C8H18 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane (isooctane) −53.5 −223.8
C8H18 2,5-Dimethylhexane −53.2 −222.6
C8H18 2,2,3-Trimethylpentane −52.6 −220.1
C8H18 3,3-Dimethylhexane −52.6 −220.1
C8H18 2,4-Dimethylhexane −52.4 −219.2
C8H18 2,3,4-Trimethylpentane −51.9 −217.1
C8H18 2,3,3-Trimethylpentane −51.7 −216.3
C8H18 2-Methylheptane −51.5 −215.5
C8H18 3-Ethyl-3-Methylpentane −51.4 −215.1
C8H18 3,4-Dimethylhexane −50.9 −213.0
C8H18 3-Ethyl-2-Methylpentane −50.4 −210.9
C8H18 3-Methylheptane −60.3 −252.5
C8H18 4-Methylheptane  ?  ?
C8H18 3-Ethylhexane  ?  ?
C9 Alkane branched isomers (selected)
C9H20 2,2,4,4-Tetramethylpentane −57.8 −241.8
C9H20 2,2,3,3-Tetramethylpentane −56.7 −237.2
C9H20 2,2,3,4-Tetramethylpentane −56.6 −236.8
C9H20 2,3,3,4-Tetramethylpentane −56.4 −236.0
C9H20 3,3-Diethylpentane −55.7 −233.0

Other organic compounds[edit]

Species Phase Chemical formula ΔfH⊖ /(kJ/mol)
Acetone Liquid C3H6O −248.4
Benzene Liquid C6H6 48.95
Benzoic acid Solid C7H6O2 −385.2
Carbon tetrachloride Liquid CCl4 −135.4
Carbon tetrachloride Gas CCl4 −95.98
Ethanol Liquid C2H5OH −277.0
Ethanol Gas C2H5OH −235.3
Glucose Solid C6H12O6 −1271
Isopropanol Gas C3H7OH −318.1
Methanol (methyl alcohol) Liquid CH3OH −238.4
Methanol (methyl alcohol) Gas CH3OH −201.0
Methyl linoleate (Biodiesel) Gas C19H34O2 −356.3
Sucrose Solid C12H22O11 −2226.1
Trichloromethane (Chloroform) Liquid CHCl3 −134.47
Trichloromethane (Chloroform) Gas CHCl3 −103.18
Vinyl chloride Solid C2H3Cl −94.12

See also[edit]

  • Calorimetry
  • Enthalpy
  • Heat of combustion
  • Thermochemistry

References[edit]

  1. Jump up ^ Oxtoby, David W; Pat Gillis, H; Campion, Alan (2011). Principles of Modern Chemistry. p. 547. ISBN 0-8400-4931-5.
  2. Jump up ^ Moore, Stanitski, and Jurs. Chemistry: The Molecular Science. 3rd edition. 2008. ISBN 0-495-10521-X. pages 320-321.
  3. Jump up ^ http://www.science.uwaterloo.ca/~cchieh/cact/c120/heatreac.html
  4. ^ Jump up to: a b Housecroft, C. E.; Sharpe, A. G. (2004). Inorganic Chemistry (2nd ed.). Prentice Hall. p. 392. ISBN 978-0130399137.
  • Zumdahl, Steven (2009). Chemical Principles (6th ed.). Boston. New York: Houghton Mifflin. pp. 384–387. ISBN 978-0-547-19626-8.

External links[edit]

  • NIST Chemistry WebBook
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Standard_enthalpy_of_formation&oldid=799102911"
Categories:
  • Enthalpy
  • Thermochemistry

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The Beatles' rooftop concert

The Beatles' rooftop concert

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The Beatles' rooftop concert
The Beatles rooftop concert.jpg
Aerial view
Date 30 January 1969
Venue Apple Corps Ltd
3 Savile Row, London, UK
Coordinates 51°30′37.48″N 0°8′23.13″W / 51.5104111°N 0.1397583°W / 51.5104111; -0.1397583
Participants John Lennon
Paul McCartney
George Harrison
Ringo Starr
Billy Preston
Length 42 minutes[1]
Producer George Martin
Engineers Glyn Johns
Alan Parsons

The Beatles' rooftop concert was the final public performance of the English rock band the Beatles. On 30 January 1969, the band, with keyboardist Billy Preston, surprised a central London office and fashion district with an impromptu concert from the roof of the headquarters of the band's multimedia corporation Apple Corps at 3 Savile Row. In a 42-minute set, the Beatles were heard playing nine takes of five songs before the Metropolitan Police Service asked them to reduce the volume. Footage from the performance was later used in the 1970 documentary film Let It Be.

Contents

 [hide]
  • 1 History
  • 2 Set list
  • 3 Legacy
  • 4 Personnel
  • 5 Citations
  • 6 Sources
  • 7 External links

History[edit]

Although the concert was unannounced, the Beatles had planned on performing live during their Get Back sessions earlier in January.[2] It is uncertain who had the idea for a rooftop concert, but the suggestion was conceived just days before the actual event.[3] George Harrison brought in keyboardist Billy Preston as an additional musician, in the hope that a talented outside observer would encourage the band to be tight and focused.[3] Ringo Starr remembered:

"There was a plan to play live somewhere. We were wondering where we could go—'Oh, the Palladium or the Sahara'. But we would have had to take all the stuff, so we decided, 'Let's get up on the roof'".[4]

The audio was recorded onto two eight-track recorders in the basement of Apple[5] by engineer Alan Parsons,[6] and film director Michael Lindsay-Hogg[7] brought in a camera crew to capture several angles of the performance—including reactions from people on the street.[6]

When the Beatles first started playing, there was some confusion from spectators watching five stories below, many of whom were on their lunch break. As the news of the event spread, crowds of onlookers began to congregate in the streets and on the roofs of local buildings. While most responded positively to the concert, the Metropolitan Police Service grew concerned about noise and traffic issues.[8] Apple employees initially refused to let police inside, ultimately reconsidering when threatened with arrest.[8]

As police ascended to the roof, the Beatles realised that the concert would eventually be shut down, but continued to play for several more minutes.[9] Paul McCartney improvised the lyrics of his song "Get Back" to reflect the situation, "You've been playing on the roofs again, and you know your Momma doesn't like it, she's gonna have you arrested!"[10] The concert came to an end with the conclusion of "Get Back", with John Lennon saying, "I'd like to say thank you on behalf of the group and ourselves and I hope we've passed the audition".[11]

Set list[edit]

The rooftop concert consisted of nine takes of five Beatles songs, including:

  • "Get Back" (three takes)
  • "Don't Let Me Down" (two takes)
  • "I've Got a Feeling" (two takes)
  • "One After 909" (one take)
  • "Dig a Pony" (one take)

The first performance of "I've Got a Feeling", and the recordings of "One After 909", and "Dig a Pony" were later used for the album Let It Be.[12] In 1996, a "rooftop" version of "Get Back", which was the last song of the Beatles' final live performance, was included in Anthology 3.[13] An edit of the two takes of "Don't Let Me Down" was included on Let It Be... Naked.[14][better source needed] There was also a brief jam of "I Want You (She's So Heavy)" while the cameramen changed film.

Legacy[edit]

This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
3 Savile Row, London, the location of the concert

The Beatles' rooftop concert marked the end of an era for many fans. They did record one more album, Abbey Road, but by September 1969 the Beatles had unofficially disbanded.[15] Several of the rooftop performances, particularly that of "Dig a Pony", showed the Beatles once again in top form, if only temporarily.[16] Fans believed the rooftop concert might have been a try-out for a return to live performances and touring.[17]

The Rutles' "Get Up and Go" sequence in the film All You Need Is Cash mimics the footage of the rooftop concert, and uses similar camera angles.[18] In January 2009, tribute band the Bootleg Beatles attempted to stage a 40th anniversary concert in the same location, but were refused permission by Westminster City Council due to licensing problems.[19]

In The Simpsons fifth season episode "Homer's Barbershop Quartet", the Be Sharps (Homer, Apu, Barney and Principal Skinner) perform a rendition of one of their previous hits on a rooftop. George Harrison, who guest-starred in the episode, is shown saying dismissively "It's been done!" As the song ends and the credits begin, Homer repeats John Lennon's phrase about passing the audition and everyone laughs, including Barney until he says, "I don't get it."[20]

In the 2007 film Across The Universe, a musical made up entirely of Beatles' music, Sadie's band performs a rooftop concert in New York City which mimics the original. It is interrupted and closed down by the New York Police Department.[21]

U2 also referenced the concert in their video for "Where the Streets Have No Name", which featured a similar rooftop concert in Los Angeles.

McCartney played a surprise mini-concert in midtown Manhattan on 15 July 2009 from the top of the marquee of the Ed Sullivan Theater, where he was recording a performance for Late Show with David Letterman. News of the event spread via Twitter and word of mouth, and nearby street corners were closed off to accommodate fans for the set, which duplicated the original Beatles gig.

Personnel[edit]

  • John Lennon – vocals, guitar
  • Paul McCartney – vocals, bass guitar
  • George Harrison – vocals, guitar
  • Ringo Starr – drums
  • Billy Preston – electric piano

Citations[edit]

  1. Jump up ^ "20 Things You Need To Know About The Beatles' Rooftop Concert". mojo4music.com. 30 January 2014. Retrieved 31 January 2016.
  2. Jump up ^ Lewisohn 1992, pp. 306–307.
  3. ^ Jump up to: a b Lewisohn 1992, p. 307.
  4. Jump up ^ The Beatles 2000, p. 321.
  5. Jump up ^ Ryan, Kevin; Kehew, Brian (2006). Recording the Beatles: the studio equipment and techniques used to create their classic albums. Curvebender. p. 518. ISBN 978-0-9785200-0-7.
  6. ^ Jump up to: a b Perone 2005, p. 5.
  7. Jump up ^ Everett 1999, p. 216.
  8. ^ Jump up to: a b "Beatles rooftop birthday:It's 40 years since the fab four's last ever concert". BBC. 30 January 2008. Retrieved 12 December 2013.
  9. Jump up ^ Perone 2005, pp. 5–6.
  10. Jump up ^ Lifton, Dave. "44 YEARS AGO: THE BEATLES PERFORM LIVE FOR THE LAST TIME, ON A LONDON ROOFTOP". Ultimate Classic Rock. Retrieved 12 December 2013.
  11. Jump up ^ Everett 1999, p. 222.
  12. Jump up ^ Everett 1999, p. 219.
  13. Jump up ^ MacDonald 2005, p. 334.
  14. Jump up ^ Beatles Bible
  15. Jump up ^ "Paul McCartney: 'I Want to Live in Peace'". Life Magazine. 7 November 1969.
  16. Jump up ^ MacDonald 2005, p. 331.
  17. Jump up ^ Perone 2005, p. 6.
  18. Jump up ^ "Ladies and Gentlemen : The Rutles!". CD Review. 12 (1–9): 80.
  19. Jump up ^ Banerjee, Subhajit (30 January 2009). "The Beatles rooftop concert: It was 40 years ago today". The Telegraph. Retrieved 12 December 2013.
  20. Jump up ^ Suebsaeng, Asawin (30 January 2012). "8 Videos to Commemorate the Beatles' Final Concert, 43 Years Later". Mother Jones. Retrieved 30 January 2014.
  21. Jump up ^ Ebert, Roger (2009). Roger Ebert's Movie Yearbook 2010. Andrews McMeel Publishing. p. 1. ISBN 978-0-7407-9218-2.

Sources[edit]

  • The Beatles (2000). The Beatles Anthology (1st ed.). Chronicle Books. ISBN 978-0-8118-3636-4.
  • Everett, Walter (1999). The Beatles as Musicians: Revolver through the Anthology. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-512941-0.
  • MacDonald, Ian (2005). Revolution in the Head: The Beatles' Records and the Sixties (3rd (2007) ed.). Chicago Review Press. ISBN 978-1-55652-733-3.
  • Lewisohn, Mark (1992). The Complete Beatles Chronicle:The Definitive Day-By-Day Guide To the Beatles' Entire Career (2010 ed.). Chicago Review Press. ISBN 978-1-56976-534-0.
  • Perone, James E (2005). Woodstock: An Encyclopedia of the Music and Art Fair – American history through music. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-313-33057-5.

External links[edit]

  • Don't Let Me Down from the rooftop
[show]
  • v
  • t
  • e
Let It Be
  • Let It Be (film)
  • Let It Be... Naked
Songs
Side one
  • "Two of Us"
  • "Dig a Pony"
  • "Across the Universe"
  • "I Me Mine"
  • "Dig It"
  • "Let It Be"
  • "Maggie Mae"
Side two
  • "I've Got a Feeling"
  • "One After 909"
  • "The Long and Winding Road"
  • "For You Blue"
  • "Get Back"
Non-album B-side
  • "Don't Let Me Down"
Outtakes
  • "All Things Must Pass"
  • "Another Day"
  • "The Back Seat of My Car"
  • "Gimme Some Truth"
  • "Hear Me Lord"
  • "Let It Down"
  • "Teddy Boy"
  • "Watching Rainbows"
Related articles
  • Rooftop concert
  • Billy Preston
  • Phil Spector
  • Let It Be (Laibach album)
  • Kum Back
  • Let It Be (musical)
  • Let It Be...Naked
  • The Beatles discography
  • Please Please Me
  • With the Beatles
  • A Hard Day's Night
  • Beatles for Sale
  • Help!
  • Rubber Soul
  • Revolver
  • Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band
  • Magical Mystery Tour
  • The Beatles (White Album)
  • Yellow Submarine
  • Abbey Road
  • Let It Be
  • Past Masters
[show]
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The Beatles
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  • Stuart Sutcliffe
  • Pete Best
History
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Live performances
  • 1960 Johnny Gentle Tour
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Associated places
  • 34 Montagu Square, Marylebone
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  • Yellow Submarine sculpture
Associated companies
  • Apple Corps
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Influence
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