Can't Take My Eyes Off You

Can't Take My Eyes Off You

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"Can't Take My Eyes Off You"
Can't Take My Eyes Off You.jpg
Cover of the 1967 US single
Single by Frankie Valli
from the album Frankie Valli: Solo[1]
B-side "The Trouble With Me"
Released May 1967 (1967-05)
Format 7"
Recorded April 1967
Genre Pop rock
Length 2:58
Label Philips
Songwriter(s)
  • Bob Crewe
  • Bob Gaudio
Producer(s) Bob Crewe
Frankie Valli singles chronology
"The Proud One"
(1966)
"Can't Take My Eyes Off You"
(1967)
"I Make a Fool of Myself"
(1967)
"The Proud One"
(1966)
"Can't Take My Eyes Off You"
(1967)
"I Make a Fool of Myself"
(1967)

"Can't Take My Eyes Off You" is a 1967 single credited to Frankie Valli. The song was among his biggest hits, earning a gold record and reaching No. 2 on the Billboard Hot 100 for a week, stuck behind "Windy" by The Association.[2] It was co-written by Bob Gaudio, a bandmate of Valli's in The Four Seasons. It was Valli's biggest solo hit until he hit #1 in 1974 with "My Eyes Adored You".[3]

"Can't Take My Eyes Off You" has had hundreds of cover versions, many of which have been on the charts in different countries. The song is a staple of television and film soundtracks, even being featured as part of the plot of some films, such as when the lead characters sing or arrange their own version of the song. Its chorus has also become a popular football chant, with supporters of various teams inserting their club's name or a popular player's name into the beat (for instance, A.S. Roma fans sing "Francesco Totti, la la, la la la la!"). The Valli version was also used by NASA as a wake-up song on the STS-126 space shuttle mission, to celebrate the anniversary of astronaut Christopher Ferguson, one of the mission's crew members.

The song is frequently erroneously attributed to Frank Sinatra.

Contents

 [hide]
  • 1 Credits
  • 2 Charts
    • 2.1 Weekly charts
    • 2.2 Year-end charts
  • 3 Notable cover versions
    • 3.1 1967–1969
    • 3.2 1970–1989
    • 3.3 1990–1999
    • 3.4 2000–2009
    • 3.5 2010–present
  • 4 References
  • 5 External links

Credits[edit]

The song was written by Bob Crewe and Bob Gaudio. Arrangement was done by Artie Schroeck and Gaudio.[4] The original recording was made at A&R Recording Studios at 799 7th Avenue, with Bob Crewe producing and Phil Ramone as the engineer.

Charts[edit]

Weekly charts[edit]

Chart (1967) Peak
position
Canada RPM Top Singles[5] 2
US Billboard Hot 100[6] 2
US Cash Box Top 100[7] 1

Year-end charts[edit]

Chart (1967) Rank
Canada[8] 18
US Billboard Hot 100[9] 10
US Cash Box [10] 3

Notable cover versions[edit]

This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (February 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

The song has been covered by some 200 artists over the years, in many countries, under both versions of the title. A few notable examples of cover versions that appeared on the charts:

1967–1969[edit]

  • The Lettermen (#7 in 1967, in a medley with "Goin' Out of My Head")
  • A version by Andy Williams made it to #5 on the UK singles chart in 1968.[11] The arranger and producer was Nick DeCaro and the conductor was Eddie Karam.[12] This version is included in the soundtrack of the 2001 film Bridget Jones's Diary. In 2002 he recorded a new version of the song, as a duet with British actress and singer Denise van Outen, which reached #23 in the UK singles charts.[13]
  • Vicki Carr recorded a cover of the song on her 1967 album It Must Be Him.
  • Nancy Wilson (#52 in 1969)
  • Engelbert Humperdinck covered the song on his 1968 album A Man Without Love.[14]
  • The Easybeats covered the song on their 1968 album Vigil, only released on the UK/European version of the album.
  • The Supremes performed the song for the first time in 1969, in one of Diana Ross' last performance on TV with the group, with Mary Wilson on lead.
  • A translated version in Swedish was recorded by Anni-Frid Lyngstad (later of ABBA) and was released as the B-side to her debut single "Din" in 1967. The recording has also been released on Lyngstad's compilation albums.[15]

1970–1989[edit]

  • In 1970, Brook Benton recorded the song on his album Brook Benton Today.[16]
  • In 1972, Bobby Darin performed the song on his summer television series, Dean Martin Presents: The Bobby Darin Amusement Company, and this version was included in the 2004 album Aces Back to Back.
  • In 1974, Anna Maria Alberghetti performed the song as part of a medley on the 1974 Jerry Lewis Labor Day MDA Telethon.
  • In 1975, Julio Iglesias sang the song on his TV show.
  • Shirley Bassey recorded this as a United Artist Single in 1976.
  • In 1978 actors Robert De Niro, Christopher Walken and John Cazale sang the lyrics in the movie The Deer Hunter.
  • Maureen McGovern (#27 on the US Adult Contemporary chart in 1979; #5 Canadian AC in 1980).[17]
  • In 1982, San Francisco based disco band Boys Town Gang performed a disco version of the song which reached number one in the Netherlands, Belgium, Spain and number four in the United Kingdom.[18][19] This version was also successful in Japan, receiving a gold digital certification by the RIAJ in 2011, and is also on games such as Just Dance 4.
  • In 1987, Hong Kong singer Prudence Liew recorded a Cantonese version and released it as the fourth single from her sophomore album, Why.
  • In 1989, Michelle Pfeiffer sang the song in The Fabulous Baker Boys.

1990–1999[edit]

  • 1991, onwards various versions from by disco singer Gloria Gaynor.[20]
  • 1991, Pet Shop Boys used part of the song on their cover version of U2's "Where the Streets Have No Name", which reached #4 in the U.K. and #72 in the U.S.
  • 1992, Dutch singers Gerard Joling and Tatjana Šimić recorded a duet version of the song (including a rap segment by Darrell Bell), which peaked at #5 in the Dutch Top 40 charts.[21]
  • 1993, the song was recorded by a-ha singer Morten Harket for the soundtrack of the movie Coneheads (1993).[22]
  • 1994, Russian singer Philipp Kirkorov recorded this song for his album I'm not a Rafael.
  • 1995, Christian rock band Daniel Amos recorded a version of the song on their album Songs of the Heart.
  • 1996, Manic Street Preachers recorded a version of the song and used it as the third B-side on their single "Australia", the fourth to be taken from the hit album Everything Must Go.
  • 1997, German singer Tommy Fischer released his German disco version "Weil ich dich liebe" (covered in 2008 by Two 4 Pop)
  • 1997, Xysma, the pioneering Finnish grindcore band, covered the song in their later career after transforming into a rock band on their EP Singles.
  • 1998, Lauryn Hill (#35 on the Hot 100 Airplay chart and #2 on the Rhythmic Top 40 chart in 1998 and #8 on the Australian Singles Charts).[23] This version was also nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance in 1999.
  • 1999, Heath Ledger sang the song in the film 10 Things I Hate About You.
  • 1999, Denise Richards sang the song in the film Drop Dead Gorgeous.

2000–2009[edit]

  • 2000, Japanese singer Ringo Sheena, for the single "Tsumi to Batsu".
  • 2000, Hong Kong singer Leon Lai did a Cantonese version in his album Beijing Station.
  • 2000, Sheena Easton recorded her version for her album Fabulous.
  • 2001, Jimmy Somerville released his version as a single.
  • 2001, British group Muse, for the single "Dead Star" / "In Your World".
  • 2002, Japanese singer Tommy february6, on her eponymous album.
  • 2004, Jennifer Peña recorded a Latin version of the song, "No Hay Nadie Igual Como Tú", which reached #33 on the Latin charts.
  • 2004, Bad Manners, for The Ultimate Bad Collection - Crooners.
  • 2006, Barry Manilow including this song on his album The Greatest Songs of the Sixties.
  • 2007, Greek singer Efi Thodi included this song in her album I Love You Baby.
  • 2008, John Barrowman recorded a cover for his album Music Music Music.
  • 2008, Chinese soft rock duet Yu Quan recorded a cover as an EP titled Fall in Love with Your Beauty.
  • 2008, Frankie Valli's version of the song was played by NASA as the morning wake-up call for astronaut Christopher Ferguson, in honor of his anniversary while he was on the STS-126 Space Shuttle mission.[24]

2010–present[edit]

  • In 2010, A cappella group Straight No Chaser included a cover of the song on their album With a Twist.
  • In 2010, Clay Aiken included a cover of the song on his album Tried and True.
  • In 2011, Japanese R&B singer Misia, included a cover of the song as a B-side to her single "Kioku". The song was later included on her cover album, Misia no Mori: Forest Covers.
  • In 2011, Taiwanese-American singer-songwriter Joanna Wang, included a cover of the song on her cover album, The Things We Do for Love.
  • 2011, Stereophonics frontman Kelly Jones sang an acoustic version of the song in tribute to former Wales national football team manager Gary Speed. The song has been an adopted anthem for Welsh football fans during Speed's playing career with Wales after being used in a BBC Wales promo for the 1994 World Cup qualifying campaign.[25]
  • In 2013, South Korean girl group Girls' Generation performed a version of this song as part of their Japan 2nd Tour ～Girls＆Peace～[26] and 2013 Girls' Generation World Tour - Girls & Peace.[27]
  • In 2013, the vocal harmony group The Overtones covered the song for the official soundtrack of the German movie Buddy, and also included the song on the Christmas and Mother's Day editions of their 2013 platinum selling album, Saturday Night at the Movies.
  • In 2014, John Lloyd Young covered the song for the movie Jersey Boys about the band The Four Seasons where he played Frankie Valli. He was also the original performer on the Broadway musical of the same name which premiered in 2005.
  • Jessie J recorded her version in 2016, for the French cosmetics brand Make Up For Ever.

References[edit]

  1. Jump up ^ "Official Frankie Valli Site". Retrieved 2017-11-25.
  2. Jump up ^ "Billboard Hot 100". 1967-07-22. Retrieved 2015-07-31.
  3. Jump up ^ Bronson, Fred. The Billboard book of number 1 hits. p. 398.
  4. Jump up ^ "Frankie Valli - Can't Take My Eyes Off You / The Trouble With Me (Vinyl)". Discogs.com. Retrieved 2016-09-30.
  5. Jump up ^ "Item Display - RPM - Library and Archives Canada". Collectionscanada.gc.ca. Retrieved 2017-01-15.
  6. Jump up ^ Joel Whitburn's Top Pop Singles 1955-1990 - ISBN 0-89820-089-X
  7. Jump up ^ "Cash Box Year-End Charts: Top 100 Pop Singles, July 15, 1967". Tropicalglen.com. 1967-12-23. Retrieved 2017-04-18.
  8. Jump up ^ "Item Display - RPM - Library and Archives Canada". Collectionscanada.gc.ca. Retrieved 2017-01-15.
  9. Jump up ^ "Musicoutfitters.com". Musicoutfitters.com. Retrieved 2017-04-18.
  10. Jump up ^ "Cash Box YE Pop Singles - 1967". Tropicalglen.com. 1967-12-23. Retrieved 2017-04-18.
  11. Jump up ^ "Official Singles Chart Top 40 | Official Charts Company". Officialcharts.com. Retrieved 2016-09-30.
  12. Jump up ^ Love, Andy by Andy Williams, album sleeve, 1967. New York: Columbia Records CS 9566
  13. Jump up ^ "Official Singles Chart Top 40 | Official Charts Company". Officialcharts.com. Retrieved 2016-09-30.
  14. Jump up ^ "Engelbert Humperdinck - A Man Without Love (Vinyl, LP)". Discogs.com. Retrieved 2016-09-30.
  15. Jump up ^ "Du är så underbart rar - recording". musicbrainz.com. Retrieved 2016-03-11.
  16. Jump up ^ "Brook Benton - Brook Benton Today (Vinyl, LP, Album)". Discogs.com. Retrieved 2016-09-30.
  17. Jump up ^ "Item Display - RPM - Library and Archives Canada". Collectionscanada.gc.ca. Retrieved 2016-09-30.
  18. Jump up ^ "Top 40-lijst van week 24, 1982". Top40.nl. Retrieved 2016-09-30.
  19. Jump up ^ Roberts, David (2006). British Hit Singles & Albums (19th ed.). London: Guinness World Records Limited. p. 74. ISBN 1-904994-10-5.
  20. Jump up ^ Gloria Gaynor - Can't Take My Eyes Off You - YourDancefloorTV on YouTube. Retrieved June 9, 2012.
  21. Jump up ^ "JAARLIJST 1992". Members.chello.nl. Retrieved 2016-09-30.
  22. Jump up ^ "Coneheads - Original Soundtrack | Songs, Reviews, Credits". AllMusic. 1993-07-20. Retrieved 2016-09-30.
  23. Jump up ^ "Lauryn Hill | Awards". AllMusic. 1975-05-26. Retrieved 2016-09-30.
  24. Jump up ^ "MP3 file". Spaceflight.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2016-09-30.
  25. Jump up ^ [1][dead link]
  26. Jump up ^ Girls' Generation Second Japan Arena Tour Set List Retrieved April 5th, 2013.
  27. Jump up ^ 2013 Girls' Generation World Tour Set List. Retrieved June 9, 2013.

External links[edit]

  • "Official Frankie Valli Site". Retrieved 2010-2-16.
  • Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
  • RIAA - Gold & Platinum Searchable Database
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Midian (/ˈmɪdiən/; Hebrew: מִדְיָן), Madyan (Arabic: مَـدْيَـن), or Madiam (Greek: Μαδιάμ)[1] is a geographical place mentioned in the Torah and Qur’an. William G. Dever states that biblical Midian was in the "northwest Arabian Peninsula, on the east shore of the Gulf of Aqaba on the Red Sea", an area which he notes was "never extensively settled until the 8th–7th century B.C."[2]

According to the Book of Genesis, the Midianites were the descendants of Midian, who was a son of Abraham and his wife Keturah: "Abraham took a wife, and her name was Keturah. And she bare him Zimran, and Jokshan, and Medan, and Midian, and Ishbak, and Shuah" (Genesis 25:1–2, King James Version).[3]

Some scholars have suggested that Midian was not a geographical area but a league of tribes.[4][5]

Contents

  • 1 Land or tribal league?
  • 2 Religion
    • 2.1 In the Bible
    • 2.2 In the Qur’an
  • 3 Pottery
  • 4 See also
  • 5 References
  • 6 Further reading
  • 7 External links

Land or tribal league?[edit]

Some scholars have suggested that 'Midian' does not refer to geographic places or a specific tribe, but to a confederation or 'league' of tribes brought together as a collective for worship purposes. Paul Haupt first made this suggestion in 1909,[6] describing Midian as a 'cultic collective' (Kultgenossenschaft) or an 'amphictyony', meaning 'an association (Bund) of different tribes in the vicinity of a sanctuary'. Elath, on the northern tip of the Gulf of Aqaba was suggested as the location of the first shrine, with a second sanctuary located at Kadesh.

Later writers have questioned the identified sanctuary locations but supported the thesis of a Midianite league. George Mendenhall suggested that the Midianites were a non-Semitic confederate group,[7] and William Dumbrell maintained the same case:

"We believe that Haupt's proposal is to be adopted, and that Midian, rather than depicting a land, is a general term for an amorphous league of the Late Bronze Age, of wide geographical range, who, after a series of reverses, the most prominent of which are recorded in Judges 6–7, largely disappeared from the historical scene...'[8]

Religion[edit]

It is uncertain which deities the Midianites worshipped. Through their apparent religio-political connection with the Moabites[9] they are thought to have worshipped a multitude, including Baal-peor and the Queen of Heaven, Ashteroth. According to Karel van der Toorn, "By the 14th century BC, before the cult of Yahweh had reached Israel, groups of Edomite and Midianites worshipped Yahweh as their god." [10]

An Egyptian temple of Hathor at Timna continued to be used during the Midianite occupation of the site (terminal Late Bronze Age / Early Iron Age); the Midianites transformed the Hathor mining temple into a desert tent-shrine. In addition to the discovery of post-holes, large quantities of red and yellow decayed cloth with beads woven into it, along with numerous copper rings/wire used to suspend the curtains, were found all along two walls of the shrine. Beno Rothenberg,[11] the excavator of the site, suggested that the Midianites were making offerings to Hathor, especially since a large number of Midianite votive vessels (25%) were discovered in the shrine. However, whether Hathor or some other deity was the object of devotion during this period is difficult to ascertain. A small bronze snake with gilded head was also discovered in the naos of the Timna mining shrine, along with a hoard of metal objects that included a small bronze figurine of a bearded male god, which according to Rothenberg was Midianite in origin. Michael Homan[12] observes that the Midianite tent-shrine at Timna is one of the closest parallels to the biblical Tabernacle.

In the Bible[edit]

Five kings of Midian slain by Israel (illustration from the 1728 Figures de la Bible)
  1. Midian was the son of Abraham [13]
  2. Joseph was sold by the Midianites who came across him and they sold him to the Ishmaelites [14]
  3. Midian was where Moses spent forty years in voluntary exile after killing an Egyptian.[15]
  4. Moses married Zipporah the daughter of Jethro, the priest of Midian [16] (also known as Reuel).
  5. Jethro advised Moses on establishing a system of delegated legal decision-making [17]
  6. Moses asked Hobab, the son of Reuel the Midianite, to accompany the Israelites travelling towards the promised land because of his local knowledge, although Hobab preferred to return to his homeland [18]
  7. Cozbi, daughter of the Midianite chief Zur, was speared by Phinehas together with Zimri. Zimri was the son of a Simeonite chief, while Cozbi was a Midianite woman taken into his family by Zimri.[19] The Midianite women's seductions of Israelites to their idol Baal-Peor (or Baal-phegor) is described as the cause of offense to God, even though the Midianites were racially akin to the Israelites as descendants of Abraham, and Moses' own wife Zipporah was Midianite. Ignoring this, at least one modern day movement has interpreted this story as a prohibition against miscegenation.
  8. Soon after, Yahweh instructed Moses to collect an army and destroy Midian.[20] Some commentators, for example the Pulpit Commentary and Gill's Exposition of the Bible, have noted that God's command focused on attacking the Midianites and not the Moabites,[21] and similarly Moses in Deuteronomy directed that the Israelites should not harass the Moabites.[22]
  9. The Israelites killed every Midianite male, including Zur and four other named chiefs, and brought back the women and children as prisoners of war
  10. Moses condemned the Midianite women as the cause of the enmity between the Israelites and the Midianites, and ordered every woman who had slept with a man to be killed (Numbers 31:17), but 32,000 girls who have never slept with a man were kept as slaves (Book of Numbers 31:35).[23]
  11. Israel was oppressed by Midian for seven years during the time of the Judges (Judges 6:1–6). Gideon was called by God to deliver Israel from Midian's armies (Judges 6:7–9). He killed the Midianite princes Oreb and Zeeb, then pursued their kings Zebah and Zalmunna as far as Karkor, slaying them as well.
  12. Hadad the Edomite, opposing King Solomon, passed through Midian and Paran while fleeing from Edom to Egypt.[24]
  13. Isaiah (60:6) speaks of camels from Midian and Ephah coming to "cover your land," along with the gold and frankincense from Sheba. This passage, taken by the Gospel of Matthew as a foreshadowing of the Magi's gifts to the infant Jesus, has been incorporated into the Christmas liturgy.

In the Qur’an[edit]

Shuaib Caves in Al-Bada'a, Tabuk Region

The people of Midian are mentioned extensively in the Arabic Qur’an. The word 'Madyan' appears 10 times in it. The people are also called ʾaṣḥabu l-ʾaykah (Arabic: أصـحـابُ الأيـكـة, "Companions of the Wood").[25][26][27][28]

Surah 9 (Al-Tawbah), verse 70 says "Has not the story reached them of those before them? – The people of Nūḥ (Noah), ʿĀd and Thamud, the people of Ibrahim (Abraham), the dwellers [literally, comrades] of Madyan (Midian) and the cities overthrown [i.e. the people to whom Lūt (Lot) preached], to them came their Messengers with clear proofs. So it was not Allah who wronged them, but they used to wrong themselves."

In Surah 7 (Al-ʾAʿrāf) Madyan is mentioned as one of several peoples who were warned by prophets to repent lest judgment fall on them. The story of Madyan is the last, coming after that of Lot preaching to his people (referring to the destruction of the Cities of the Plain). Madyan was warned by the prophet Shuʿaib to repent of using false weights and measures and lying in wait along the road. But they rejected Shuʿayb, and consequently were destroyed by a tremor (rajfa, v. 91). Abdullah Yusuf Ali in his commentary (1934) writes, "The fate of the Madyan people is described in the same terms as that of the Thamūd in verse 78 above. An earthquake seized them by night, and they were buried in their own homes, no longer to vex Allah's earth. But a supplementary detail is mentioned in [Qur'an] 26:189, 'the punishment of a day of overshadowing gloom,' which may be understood to mean a shower of ashes and cinders accompanying a volcanic eruption. Thus a day of terror drove them into their homes, and the earthquake finished them."[29] A number of scholars have proposed that the biblical description of devouring fire on Mount Sinai refers to an erupting volcano in the land of biblical Midian identified as Hala-'l Badr in northwestern Saudi Arabia.

Pottery[edit]

Midianite pottery, also called Qurayyah Painted Ware (QPW), is found at numerous sites stretching from the southern Levant to NW Saudi Arabia, the Hejaz; Qurayyah in NW Saudi Arabia is thought to be its original location of manufacture.[30] The pottery is bichrome / polychrome style and it dates as early as the 13th century BC; its many geometric, human, and animal motifs are painted in browns and dark reds on a pinkish-tan slip. "Midianite" pottery is found in its largest quantities at metallurgical sites in the southern Levant, especially Timna.[31] Because of the Mycenaean motifs on Midianite pottery, some scholars including George Mendenhall,[32] Peter Parr,[33] and Beno Rothenberg[34] have suggested that the Midianites were originally Sea Peoples who migrated from the Aegean region and imposed themselves on a pre-existing Semitic stratum. The question of the origin of the Midianites still remains open.

See also[edit]

  • ʿĀd
  • Balak
  • Eglon
  • Ishmaelites
  • Kedar
  • History of ancient Israel and Judah
  • Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
  • Thamud
  • The Bible and history
  • Midian war
  • Genocides in history
  • Sodom and Gomorrah

References[edit]

  1. Jump up ^ Also Μαδιανίτης for "Midianite".
  2. Jump up ^ Dever, William G. Who were the Early Israelites and Where Did They Come From? William B. Eerdmans Publishing Co. (24 May 2006) ISBN 978-0-8028-4416-3 p. 34
  3. Jump up ^ http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis%2025:1-2&version=KJV
  4. Jump up ^ William J. Dumbrell, Midian: A Land or a League?, Vetus Testamentum, Vol. 25, Fasc. 2, No. 2a. Jubilee Number (May, 1975), pp. 323–37
  5. Jump up ^ Bromiley Geoffrey W. The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 1996. ISBN 978-0-8028-3783-7. p. 350.
  6. Jump up ^ Paul Haupt, Midian und Sinai, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft 63, 1909, p. 56, available online in German at http://menadoc.bibliothek.uni-halle.de/dmg/periodical/pageview/55820, quoted in Dumbrell accessed 1 August 2015
  7. Jump up ^ The Incident at Beth Baal Peor, The Tenth Generation, 1973
  8. Jump up ^ William J. Dumbrell, Midian: A Land or a League?, Vetus Testamentum, Vol. 25, Fasc. 2, No. 2a. Jubilee Number (May, 1975), p. 32
  9. Jump up ^ Numbers 22:4, 7
  10. Jump up ^ Karel van der Toorn, Family Religion in Babylonia, Ugarit, and Israel: Continuity and Change in the Forms of Religious Life (Leiden: E. J. Brill), p. 283.
  11. Jump up ^ Beno Rothenberg, Timna: Valley of the Biblical Copper Mines (London: Thames and Hudson, 1972).
  12. Jump up ^ Michael M. Homan, To Your Tents, O Israel!: The Terminology, Function, Form, and Symbolism of the Tents in the Bible and the Ancient Near East, Culture and History of the Ancient Near East, Vol. 12 (Brill: 2002), p. 118
  13. Jump up ^ Genesis 25:1–2
  14. Jump up ^ Genesis 37:28
  15. Jump up ^ Exodus 2:11–15
  16. Jump up ^ Exodus 2:21
  17. Jump up ^ Exodus 18
  18. Jump up ^ Numbers 10:29–31
  19. Jump up ^ Numbers 25:6–8, 14–15
  20. Jump up ^ Numbers 25:17 and Numbers 31:1
  21. Jump up ^ Pulpit Commentary and Gill's Exposition of the Bible, http://biblehub.com/numbers/25-17.htm accessed 1 July 2015
  22. Jump up ^ Deuteronomy 2:9
  23. Jump up ^ "Bible Gateway passage: Numbers 31 – New International Version". Bible Gateway. Retrieved 2017-08-14.
  24. Jump up ^ 1 Kings 11:17–18
  25. Jump up ^ Quran %3Averse%3D78 15 :78–79
  26. Jump up ^ Quran %3Averse%3D176 26 :176–189
  27. Jump up ^ Quran %3Averse%3D13 38 :13–15
  28. Jump up ^ Quran %3Averse%3D12 50 :12–14
  29. Jump up ^ Ali, Abdullah Yusuf. [chrome-extension://klbibkeccnjlkjkiokjodocebajanakg/suspended.html#uri=https://archive.org/stream/TheHolyQuranEnglishTranslationoftheMeaningandCommentary/The%20Holy%20Quran%20-%20Abdullah%20Yusuf%20Ali%20IFTA_djvu.txt The Holy Quran – English Translation of the Meaning and Commentary] Check |url= value (help). King Fahd Holy Qur-an Printing Complex. Retrieved 4 March 2017.
  30. Jump up ^ B. Rothenberg and J.Glass, "The Midianite Pottery," in Midian, Moab, and Edom: The History and Archaeology of the Late Bronze and Iron Age Jordan and North-West Arabia, JSOT Supplement Series 24, ed. John F.A. Sawyer and David J.A. Clines (Sheffield: JSOT Press, 1983), pp. 65–124.
  31. Jump up ^ Tebes, "Pottery Makers and Premodern Exchange in the Fringes of Egypt: An Approximation to the Distribution of Iron Age Midianite Pottery," Buried History 43 (2007), pp. 11–26.
  32. Jump up ^ George Mendenhall, "Qurayya and the Midianites," in Studies in the History of Arabia, Vol. 3, ed. A. R. Al-Ansary (Riyadh: King Saud University), pp. 137–45
  33. Jump up ^ Peter J. Parr, "Further Reflections on Late Second Millennium Settlement in North West Arabia," in Retrieving the Past: Essays on Archaeologial Research and Methodology, ed. J. D. Seger (Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, 1996), pp. 213–18.
  34. Jump up ^ Rothenberg, "Egyptian Chariots, Midianites from Hijaz/ Midian (Northwest Arabia) and Amalekites from the Negev in the Timna Mines: Rock drawings in the Ancient Copper Mines of the Arabah – new aspects of the region’s history II," Institute for Archaeo-Metallurgical Studies, newsletter no. 23 (2003), p. 12.
  •  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Singer, Isidore; et al., eds. (1901–1906). "article name needed". Jewish Encyclopedia. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company.

Further reading[edit]

  • Clines, David and John Sawyer, eds. "Midian, Moab and Edom: The History and Archaeology of Late Bronze and Iron Age Jordan and North-West Arabia". Journal for the Study of the Old Testament, Supplement Series, No. 24. Sheffield Academic Press, 1983.

External links[edit]

  • Singer, Isidore and M. Seligsohn. "Midian and Midianites". Jewish Encyclopedia. Funk and Wagnalls, 1901–1906, which cites to:
  • Archaeology of Timna
  • Another Timna archaeology site
  • Richard Burton's account of his travels in "The Land of Midian"
  • Spring of Harod – Ma'ayan Harod
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  • Al-Ḥijāz (literally "The Barrier")
    • Black Stone (Al-Ḥajar al-Aswad) & Al-Hijr of Isma'il
    • Cave of Hira & Ghar al-Thawr (Cave of the Bull)
    • Ta'if
  • Hudaybiyyah
  • Jordan River
  • Nile River
  • Palestine River
  • Paradise of Shaddad
Plant matter
  • Baṣal (Onion)
  • Fūm (Garlic or wheat)
  • Shaṭ’ (Shoot)
  • Sūq (Plant stem)
  • Zar‘ (Seed)
Fruits
  • ‘Adas (Lentil)
  • Baql (Herb)
  • Ḥabb dhul-‘aṣf (Corn of the husk)
  • Qith-thā’ (Cucumber)
  • Rummān (Pomegranate)
  • Tīn (Fig)
  • Ukul khamṭ (Bitter fruit or food of Sheba)
  • Zaytūn (Olive)
  • In Paradise
    • Forbidden fruit of Adam
Bushes, trees or plants
  • Plants of Sheba
    • Athl (Tamarisk)
    • Sidr (Lote-tree)
  • Līnah (Tender Palm tree)
  • Nakhl (Date palm)
  • Rayḥān (Scented plant)
  • Sidrat al-Muntahā
  • Zaqqūm
Islamic holy books
  • Al-Injīl (The Gospel of Jesus)
  • Al-Qur’ān (The Book of Muhammad)
  • Ṣuḥuf-i Ibrāhīm (Scroll(s) of Abraham)
  • At-Tawrāt (The Torah)
    • Ṣuḥuf-i-Mūsā (Scroll(s) of Moses)
    • Tablets of Stone
  • Az-Zabūr (The Psalms of David)
  • Umm al-Kitāb ("Mother of the Book(s)")
Objects of people or beings
  • Heavenly Food of Christian Apostles
  • Noah's Ark
  • Staff of Musa
  • Tābūt as-Sakīnah (Casket of Shekhinah)
  • Throne of Bilqis
  • Trumpet of Israfil
Mentioned idols
(cult images)
  • 'Ansāb
  • Idols of Israelites:
    • Baal
    • The ‘ijl (golden calf statue) of Israelites
  • Idols of Noah's people:
    • Nasr
    • Suwā‘
    • Wadd
    • Yaghūth
    • Ya‘ūq
  • Idols of Quraysh:
    • Al-Lāt
    • Al-‘Uzzá
    • Manāt
  • Jibt and Ṭāghūt
Celestial bodies
Maṣābīḥ (literally 'lamps'):
  • Al-Qamar (The Moon)
  • Kawākib (Planets)
    • Al-Arḍ (The Earth)
  • Nujūm (Stars)
    • Ash-Shams (The Sun)
Liquids
  • Mā’ (Water or fluid)
    • Nahr (River)
    • Yamm (River or sea)
  • Sharāb (Drink)
  • Events, incidents, occasions or times
    • Incident of Ifk
    • Laylat al-Qadr
    • Mubahalah
    • Sayl al-‘Arim (Flood of the Great Dam of Marib in Sheba)
    • The Farewell Pilgrimage
    • Treaty of Hudaybiyyah
    Battles or military expeditions
    • Battle of al-Aḥzāb ("the Confederates")
    • Battle of Badr
    • Battle of Hunayn
    • Battle of Khaybar
    • Battle of Tabouk
    • Battle of Uhud
    • Conquest of Mecca
    Days
    • Al-Jumu‘ah (The Friday)
    • As-Sabt (The Sabbath or Saturday)
    • Days of battles
    • Days of Hajj
    • Doomsday
    Months of the Islamic calendar
    • Four holy months
    • Ramaḍān
    Pilgrimages
    • Al-Ḥajj (literally "The Pilgrimmage", the Greater Pilgrimage)
    • Al-‘Umrah (The Lesser Pilgrimage)
    Times for Prayer or Remembrance
    Times for Duʿāʾ ('Invocation'), Ṣalāh and Dhikr ('Remembrance', including Taḥmīd ('Praising'), Takbīr and Tasbīḥ):
    • Al-‘Ashiyy (The Afternoon or the Night)
    • Al-Ghuduww ("The Mornings")
      • Al-Bukrah ("The Morning")
      • Aṣ-Ṣabāḥ ("The Morning")
    • Al-Layl ("The Night")
      • Al-‘Ishā’ ("The Late-Night")
    • Aẓ-Ẓuhr ("The Noon")
    • Dulūk ash-Shams ("Decline of the Sun")
      • Al-Masā’ ("The Evening")
      • Qabl al-Ghurūb ("Before the Setting (of the Sun)")
        • Al-Aṣīl ("The Afternoon")
        • Al-Aṣr ("The Afternoon")
    • Qabl ṭulū‘ ash-Shams ("Before the rising of the Sun")
      • Al-Fajr ("The Dawn")
    Implied
    • Event of Ghadir Khumm
    • Laylat al-Mabit
    • The first pilgrimage
    Note: The names are sorted alphabetically. Standard form: Islamic name / Biblical name (title or relationship)
    Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Midian&oldid=851843210"
    Categories:
    • Midian
    • Hebrew Bible nations
    • Ancient peoples of the Near East
    • Semitic-speaking peoples
    • Massacres in the Bible
    Hidden categories:
    • Articles containing Ancient Greek-language text
    • Pages with URL errors
    • Articles containing Hebrew-language text
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    • Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1906 Jewish Encyclopedia

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    • This page was last edited on 24 July 2018, at 23:46 (UTC).
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