Tom Paris

Tom Paris

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Tom Paris
Star Trek character
TomParis.jpg
Portrayed by Robert Duncan McNeill
Information
Family

Owen Paris (father)

Julia Paris (mother)
Children Miral Paris
Species Human
Affiliation
  • United Federation of Planets
  • Starfleet
  • Maquis
Posting
  • Helmsman and medic,
  • USS Voyager
Rank
  • Field commissioned
  • lieutenant, junior grade,
  • briefly demoted to ensign

Thomas Eugene "Tom" Paris, played by Robert Duncan McNeill, is a character in the American science fiction television series Star Trek: Voyager. Paris serves as the chief helmsman and an auxiliary medic aboard the USS Voyager. The character's middle name, "Eugene", is a tribute to Star Trek creator Gene Roddenberry.[1]

Contents

 [hide]
  • 1 Biography
  • 2 Personality
  • 3 Character background
  • 4 Voyager relaunch novels
  • 5 See also
  • 6 References
  • 7 External links

Biography[edit]

Tom Paris is the son of Starfleet Admiral Owen Paris and a scion of a family with a long history of illustrious service in Starfleet. Following in his family's tradition, Paris attended Starfleet Academy sometime in the 2350s and majored in astrophysics. A gifted pilot, Paris earned an assignment to the Academy's honor squadron.

His relationship with his father was not a good one; while Tom wanted to join the Federation Naval Patrol, Owen wanted him to enlist at Starfleet Academy. Admiral Paris often disapproved of his son's tendency to get into fights and his resulting punishments.

Soon after his graduation from Starfleet Academy, Tom crashed a shuttle he was piloting near Caldik Prime, killing three other Starfleet officers. Afraid he would lose his commission, Paris falsified records that would later reveal the cause of the accident as pilot error. His efforts to cover up the error succeeded, yet still, overwhelmed by guilt and regret, he confessed. He was court martialed for his actions and was dishonorably discharged from Starfleet. This caused a major rift between Paris and his father.

Following his discharge, Paris left San Francisco for Marseille, where he started spending his time drinking and playing pool in Sandrine's, a waterfront bar. There, Chakotay, a former Starfleet officer now serving with the Maquis, recruited him to serve as a mercenary pilot for the Maquis Rebellion against the Federation. This adventure went no better than his earlier stint in Starfleet as Paris was captured by Starfleet while piloting his first mission for the Maquis.

Tried and convicted of treason for aiding the Maquis Rebellion, Paris was sentenced to serve time in the Federation penal settlement near Auckland, New Zealand. Kathryn Janeway, captain of the starship USS Voyager, obtained Paris' temporary release from the penal colony. Janeway, charged with finding and capturing the Maquis ship commanded by Chakotay, offered Paris early parole in exchange for serving as her informant on Chakotay and the Maquis.

Janeway and the crew of Voyager, while searching for the Maquis ship, were thrown into the Delta Quadrant by a massive energy wave created by an alien known as the Caretaker. Once there, they successfully located the Maquis ship docked at the Caretaker's array. The survivors of the incident became stranded about 70,000 light-years away from Earth. The Maquis ship was destroyed and its crew joined the Federation crew on Voyager.

The marooning of Voyager in the Delta Quadrant provided Paris with a new beginning. Janeway gave Paris a field commission as a Starfleet lieutenant and made him chief helmsman of Voyager. He had a rough start, however, as Starfleet and Maquis alike viewed Paris with suspicion. Paris worked hard to earn his crewmates' respect. During this time, he became best friends with Ensign Harry Kim, a young officer on his first mission who defied his crewmates to befriend Paris. Eventually, Paris was accepted by the crew and became one of Janeway's valued officers.

Paris' duties were not limited to piloting Voyager. On Janeway's orders, he trained as a field medic and assisted The Doctor until the Doctor recruited Kes as his primary assistant. Following Kes's departure ("The Gift") Paris once again served regular duty shifts in sickbay.

In the episode "Thirty Days", while disobeying direct orders in order to do what he felt was morally right, he was reduced to ensign and thrown in Voyager's brig for a period of 30 days. About a year later, after working diligently at his duties, he regained his former rank. This occurred just before the events of "Unimatrix Zero", during which it is revealed that he is fourth in the chain of command.

While serving on Voyager, Paris nurtured a long-hidden talent for holo-programming, devising several programs for the entertainment of his fellow crewmembers. His most popular programs included a re-creation of Sandrine's bar, an Irish town called Fair Haven, and a 1930s-era sci-fi movie serial entitled Captain Proton.

Paris married Lieutenant B'Elanna Torres, Voyager's half-Klingon chief engineer, in 2377. Torres gave birth to their daughter Miral Paris during the events that led to Voyager's return to the Alpha Quadrant and Earth.

Personality[edit]

Tom Paris at times displayed resentment toward his father, Owen Paris. This situation improved substantially over the course of the journey, due to Janeway's willingness to offer him redemption, and later to his relationship with B'Elanna Torres.

Paris also has a deep interest in 20th-century Earth pop-culture, often utilizing such in his holo-programs. The knowledge helped the crew during time-travel incidents.

He became good friends with Harry Kim from the start and at times displayed protectiveness in the face of Harry's customary naiveté. In the first episode he rescues the ensign from Quark, a manipulative Ferengi. The only member of the crew with whom Paris initially had a somewhat difficult relationship was Chakotay because of their history in the Maquis. However, throughout Voyager's seven-year journey home, Paris and Chakotay reconciled (in part due to Paris having earned Chakotay's trust) and became good friends.

Tom was a full lieutenant at the very beginning of the series, then a lieutenant junior grade in the first-season episode "Faces".

Character background[edit]

The writers planned to use the character of Nicolas Locarno as a template for Tom Paris, who was played by McNeill in the Next Generation episode "The First Duty". As a result, Voyager's writers created an entirely new character sharing many of Locarno's attributes. [2]

The Tom Paris character has two backstories. The original backstory, and the only one acknowledged onscreen, cast Paris as a disgraced officer dishonorably discharged from Starfleet for covering up pilot error following a shuttle accident on Caldik Prime. In her published novel, Pathways, Voyager producer Jeri Taylor provided an alternative story much more similar to Locarno's, moving the accident to Paris' Starfleet Academy years and making his fellow cadets the victims of his recklessness.

An unproduced Voyager script was to have had a flashback to his time attending Starfleet Academy, and shown that Ro Laren, the Bajoran character from Star Trek: The Next Generation was among his classmates.

Voyager relaunch novels[edit]

In the non-canonical Voyager relaunch novels, written by Christie Golden, Paris was promoted two steps in rank, like many of the Voyager crew, and is now a lieutenant commander. He serves as First Officer of Voyager, under the command of now-Captain Chakotay.

See also[edit]

  • Star Trek portal
  • Fictional characters portal
  • Star Trek: Voyager
  • List of Star Trek: Voyager episodes
  • Star Trek

References[edit]

  1. Jump up ^ Okuda, M., & Okuda, D. (1997). The star trek encyclopedia: A reference guide to the future (Updat and expand ed.). New York: Pocket Books. P.374
  2. Jump up ^ Star Trek The Next Generation DVD set Season 5, Disk 7, "Memorable Missions" featurette

External links[edit]

  • Tom Paris at Memory Alpha (a Star Trek wiki)
  • "Tom Paris" at STARTREK.COM
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Roger Miller

This is a good article. Follow the link for more information.

Roger Miller

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For other people named Roger Miller, see Roger Miller (disambiguation).
Roger Miller
Roger Miller 1975.jpg
Roger Miller in 1975
Born Roger Dean Miller, Sr.
(1936-01-02)January 2, 1936
Fort Worth, Texas, U.S.
Died October 25, 1992(1992-10-25) (aged 56)
Los Angeles, California, U.S.
Nationality American
Other names Roger Miller, Sr.
Roger D. Miller, Sr.
"The Wild Child"
Occupation Singer, songwriter, musician, actor
Years active 1957–1992
Spouse(s) Barbara (m. 19??; div. 19??)
Leah Kendrick (m. 1964; div. 1976)
Mary Arnold (m. 1977)
Children 7
Website www.rogermiller.com
Musical career
Origin Erick, Oklahoma
Genres Country
Instruments Vocals, guitar, fiddle, drums
Associated acts Bill Anderson, George Jones, Dean Miller, Willie Nelson, Johnny Paycheck, Minnie Pearl, Ray Price, Jim Reeves, Sheb Wooley, Dwight Yoakam, Faron Young, Thumbs Carllile, John Denver, Mel Tillis, Glen Campbell, Dean Martin

Roger Dean Miller, Sr. (January 2, 1936 – October 25, 1992) was an American singer-songwriter, musician, and actor, best known for his honky-tonk-influenced novelty songs. His most recognized tunes included the chart-topping country and pop hits "King of the Road", "Dang Me", and "England Swings", all from the mid-1960s Nashville sound era.

After growing up in Oklahoma and serving in the United States Army, Miller began his musical career as a songwriter in the late 1950s, writing such hits as "Billy Bayou" and "Home" for Jim Reeves and "Invitation to the Blues" for Ray Price. He later began a recording career and reached the peak of his fame in the mid-1960s, continuing to record and tour into the 1990s, charting his final top 20 country hit "Old Friends" with Willie Nelson in 1982. He also wrote and performed several of the songs for the 1973 Disney animated film Robin Hood. Later in his life, he wrote the music and lyrics for the 1985 Tony-award winning Broadway musical Big River, in which he acted.

Miller died from lung cancer in 1992 and was inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame three years later. His songs continued to be recorded by other singers, with covers of "Tall, Tall Trees" by Alan Jackson and "Husbands and Wives" by Brooks & Dunn; both reached the number one spot on country charts in the 1990s. The Roger Miller Museum in his home town of Erick, Oklahoma, was a tribute to Miller.

Contents

 [hide]
  • 1 Early life
  • 2 Career
    • 2.1 Nashville songwriter
    • 2.2 Recording career
    • 2.3 Late career
  • 3 Style
  • 4 Personal life and death
  • 5 In popular culture
  • 6 Filmography
  • 7 Discography
    • 7.1 Main albums
    • 7.2 #1 singles
  • 8 Awards
  • 9 References
  • 10 Sources
  • 11 External links

Early life[edit]

Roger Miller was born in Fort Worth, Texas, the third son of Jean and Laudene (Holt) Miller. Jean Miller died from spinal meningitis when Miller was a year old. Unable to support the family during the Great Depression,[1] Laudene sent her three sons to live with three of Jean's brothers. Thus, Miller grew up on a farm outside Erick, Oklahoma, with Elmer and Armelia Miller.[2]

As a boy, Miller did farm work, such as picking cotton and plowing. He would later say he was "dirt poor" and that as late as 1951 the family did not own a telephone.[3] He received his primary education at a one-room schoolhouse. Miller was an introverted child, and would often daydream or compose songs. One of his earliest compositions went: "There's a picture on the wall. It's the dearest of them all, Mother."[1]

Miller was a member of the National FFA Organization in high school.[3] He listened to the Grand Ole Opry and Light Crust Doughboys on a Fort Worth station with his cousin's husband, Sheb Wooley. Wooley taught Miller his first guitar chords and bought him a fiddle. Wooley, Hank Williams, and Bob Wills were the influences that led to Miller's desire to be a singer-songwriter. He began to run away and perform in Oklahoma and Texas. At 17, he stole a guitar out of desperation to write songs; however, he turned himself in the next day. He chose to enlist in the United States Army to avoid jail. He later quipped, "My education was Korea, Clash of '52." Near the end of his military service, while stationed in Atlanta, Georgia, Miller played fiddle in the "Circle A Wranglers," a military musical group started by Faron Young.[1] While Miller was stationed in South Carolina, an army sergeant whose brother was Kenneth C. "Jethro" Burns, from the musical duo Homer and Jethro, persuaded him to head to Nashville after his discharge.[2]

Career[edit]

Nashville songwriter[edit]

On leaving the Army, Miller traveled to Nashville to begin his musical career. He met with Chet Atkins, who asked to hear him sing, loaning him a guitar since Miller did not own one. Out of nervousness, Miller played the guitar and sang a song in two different keys. Atkins advised him to come back later, when he had more experience. Miller found work as a bellhop at Nashville's Andrew Jackson Hotel, and he was soon known as the "singing bellhop." He was finally hired by Minnie Pearl to play the fiddle in her band.[4] He then met George Jones, who introduced him to music executives from the Starday Records label who scheduled an audition. Impressed, the executives set up a recording session with Jones in Houston. Jones and Miller collaborated to write "Tall, Tall Trees" and "Happy Child."[1]

The human mind is a wonderful thing. It starts working before you're even born and doesn't stop again until you sit down to write a song.

Roger Miller[5]

After marrying and becoming a father, Miller put aside his music career to be a fireman in Amarillo, Texas.[1] A fireman by day, he performed at night. Miller said that as a fireman he saw only two fires, one in a "chicken coop" and another he "slept through," after which the department "suggested that...[he] seek other employment." Miller met Ray Price, and became a member of his Cherokee Cowboys. He returned to Nashville and wrote "Invitation to the Blues," which was covered by Rex Allen and later by Ray Price, whose recording was a number three hit on country charts.[6] Miller then signed with Tree Publishing on a salary of $50 a week. He wrote: "Half a Mind" for Ernest Tubb, "That's the Way I Feel" for Faron Young; and his first number one, "Billy Bayou," which along with "Home" was recorded by Jim Reeves. Miller became one of the biggest songwriters of the 1950s; however, Bill Anderson would later remark that "Roger was the most talented, and least disciplined, person that you could imagine," citing the attempts of Miller's Tree Publishing boss, Buddy Killen to force him to finish a piece. He was known to give away lines, inciting many Nashville songwriters to follow him around since, according to Killen, "everything he said was a potential song."[1]

Recording career[edit]

Miller signed a recording deal with Decca Records in 1958. He was paired with singer Donny Lytle, who later gained fame under the name Johnny Paycheck, to perform the Miller-written "A Man Like Me," and later "The Wrong Kind of Girl." Neither of these honky-tonk-style songs charted. His second single with the label, featuring the B-side "Jason Fleming," foreshadowed Miller's future style. To make money, Miller went on tour with Faron Young's band as a drummer, although he had never drummed. During this period, he signed a record deal with Chet Atkins at RCA Victor, for whom Miller recorded "You Don't Want My Love" (also known as "In the Summertime") in 1960, which marked his first appearance on country charts, peaking at No. 14. The next year he made an even bigger impact, breaking through the top 10 with his single "When Two Worlds Collide", co-written with Bill Anderson.[7] But Miller soon tired of writing songs, divorced his wife, and began a party lifestyle that earned him the moniker "wild child." He was dropped from his record label and began to pursue other interests.[1]

Miller performing "Husbands and Wives" on the set of his television show in 1966

After numerous appearances on late night comedy shows, Miller decided that he might have a chance in Hollywood as an actor. Short of money, he signed with the up-and-coming label Smash Records, asked the label for $1,600 in cash in exchange for recording 16 sides. Smash agreed to the proposal, and Miller performed his first session for the company early in 1964, when he recorded the hits "Dang Me" and "Chug-a-Lug". Both were released as singles, peaking at No. 1 and No. 3 respectively on country charts; both fared well on the Billboard Hot 100 reaching No. 7 and No. 9.[8] The songs transformed Miller's career, although the former was penned by Miller in just four minutes. Later that year, he recorded the No. 15 hit "Do-Wacka-Do," and soon after, the biggest hit of his career "King of the Road", which topped Country and Adult Contemporary charts while peaking at No. 4 on the Billboard 100. It also reached No. 1 in the UK Singles Chart for one week in May 1965. The song was inspired by a sign in Chicago that read "Trailers for Sale or Rent" and a hobo who happened upon Miller at an airport in Boise, but Miller needed months to write the song, which was certified gold in May 1965 after selling a million copies. It won numerous awards and earned a royalty check of $160,000 that summer.[1] Later in the year Miller scored hits with "Engine Engine No. 9", "Kansas City Star" (a Top Ten country hit in 1965 about a local television children's show personality who would rather stay in the safety and security of his success in Kansas City than become a bigger star – or risk failure – in Omaha), and "England Swings" (an adult contemporary No. 1). He began 1966 with the hit "Husbands and Wives."[8]

Miller was given his own TV show on NBC in September 1966 but it was canceled after 13 weeks in January 1967. During this period Miller recorded songs written by other songwriters. The final hit of his own composition was "Walkin in the Sunshine," which reached No. 7 and No. 6 on the country and adult contemporary charts in 1967.[8] Later in the year he scored his final top 10 hit with a lowkey cover of Bobby Russell's "Little Green Apples".[1] The next year, he was first to cover Kris Kristofferson's "Me and Bobby McGee,"[6] taking the song to No. 12 on country charts.[8] In 1970, Miller recorded the album A Trip in the Country, honky-tonk-style standards penned by Miller, including "Tall, Tall Trees." Later that year, after Smash Records folded, Miller was signed by Columbia Records, for whom he released Dear Folks: Sorry I Haven't Written Lately in 1973. Later that year, Miller wrote and performed three songs in the Walt Disney animated feature Robin Hood as the rooster and minstrel Allan-a-Dale, including "Whistle-Stop" which was sampled for use in the popular Hampster Dance web site.[1] The other songs are Oo-De-Lally and Not In Nottingham. He provided the voice of Speiltoe, the equine narrator of the Rankin/Bass holiday special Nestor the Long-Eared Christmas Donkey in 1977. Miller collaborated with Willie Nelson on an album titled Old Friends. The title track was based on a song he had previously penned for his family in Oklahoma. The song, with guest vocals from Ray Price, was the last hit of Miller's career,[1] peaking at No. 19 on country charts in 1982.[8]

Late career[edit]

He continued to record for different record labels and charted a few songs, but stopped writing in 1978, feeling that his more "artistic" works were not appreciated.[2] This was the time when his only visit to England led him to Kippax. He played the social club there but was outdone by 17 Elvis performers. He was absent from the entertainment business following the release of Old Friends in 1981, but returned after receiving an offer to write a Broadway score for a musical based upon Mark Twain's Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Although he had not read the novel, Miller accepted the offer after discovering how the story brought him back to his childhood in rural Oklahoma.[9] It took a year and a half to write the opening, but he eventually finished it. The work, entitled Big River premiered at Eugene O'Neill Theatre in New York on April 25, 1985. The musical received glowing reviews, earning seven Tony Awards including "Best Score" for Miller. He acted the part of Huck Finn's father Pap for three months after the exit of actor John Goodman, who left for Hollywood. In 1983, Miller played a dramatic role on an episode of Quincy, M.E. He played a country and western singer who is severely burned while freebasing cocaine.[1]

Miller left for Santa Fe to live with his family following the success of Big River. He co-wrote Dwight Yoakam's hit "It Only Hurts When I Cry" from his 1990 album If There Was a Way, and supplied background vocals.[10] The song was released as a single in 1991, peaking at No. 7 on country charts.[11] He began a solo guitar tour in 1990,[1] ending the following year after being diagnosed with lung cancer.[1] His last performance on television occurred on a special tribute to Minnie Pearl[2] which aired on TNN on October 26, 1992, the day after Miller's death.[12]

Style[edit]

Although he is usually grouped with country music singers, Miller's unique style defies easy classification. Many of his recordings were humorous novelty songs with whimsical lyrics, coupled with scat singing or vocalese riffs filled with nonsense syllables.[13] Others were sincere ballads which caught the public's fancy, like his signature song, "King of the Road."[14] The biographical book Ain't Got No Cigarettes described Miller as an "uncategorizable talent" and stated that many regarded him as a genius.[15]

Miller's whimsical lyrics and nonsense sounding style led to him writing and performing songs for childrens' films such as "Oo-de-Lally" for the Disney animated film Robin Hood.[16] During his most successful years as a songwriter and singer, Miller's music was placed in the country genre due to his somewhat country or folk sounding voice and the use of an acoustic guitar,[17] although his lyrics were found to be sporadic and random at times. Yet even Miller's lyrics pointed his music toward country because of their having a "bluegrass" ring to them, most commonly found in his most recognizable song, "King of the Road".[citation needed]

On his own style, Miller remarked that he "tried to do" things like other artists but that it "always came out different" so he got "frustrated" until realizing "I'm the only one that knows what I'm thinking." He commented that the favorite song that he wrote was "You Can't Rollerskate in a Buffalo Herd."[14] Johnny Cash discussed Miller's bass vocal range in his 1997 autobiography. He stated that it was the closest to his own that he had heard.

Personal life and death[edit]

Miller was married three times and fathered seven children. Miller married Barbara Crow, from Shamrock, Texas, when she was 17. Together the couple had four children, the first of whom died shortly after birth. As Miller’s young family grew, his desire for fame and success continued to grow, as well. After moving the family to California for a short time, Miller and Barbara divorced. Subsequent public interest in Miller led to the success he had long hoped for but brought with it struggles for the performer that are often associated with life in the entertainment business: depression, insomnia and drug addiction.[citation needed]

Miller married Leah Kendrick of San Antonio in 1964. Together the couple had two children, Roger Dean Miller, Jr. and Shannon Elizabeth.[18] The Christmas song "Old Toy Trains" was written by Miller, Sr. about his son, who was two years old when it was released in 1967. “Shannon’s Song” was written for his youngest biological child and was included as a track on Miller’s album, “Dear Folks, Sorry I Haven’t Written Lately”.

After 14 years, Miller’s personal struggles finally took their toll on Miller's marriage to Leah and they divorced in the mid-seventies. Miller eventually married Mary Arnold, whom he met through Kenny Rogers.[19] Arnold was a replacement member in The First Edition, a band that included Rogers.[18] They adopted two children. After the break-up of The First Edition, she performed with her husband Miller on tours as a back up singer. In 2009, she was inducted into the Iowa Rock 'n' Roll Hall of Fame. She currently manages Roger Miller's estate. She sued Sony for copyright infringement in the 2007 case Roger Miller Music, Inc. v. Sony/ATV Publishing, LLC, which went to the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit.[20] Arnold was ultimately awarded nearly $1 million in royalties and rights to the songs Miller wrote in 1964.[21]

Miller was a lifelong cigarette smoker. During a television interview, Miller explained that he composed his songs from "bits and pieces" of ideas he wrote on scraps of paper. When asked what he did with the unused bits and pieces, he half-joked, "I smoke 'em!" He also wrote a song about his habit, titled "Dad Blame Anything A Man Can't Quit". Miller died of lung and throat cancer in 1992, at age 56, shortly after the discovery of a malignant tumor under his vocal cords.[2] His remains were cremated.

A main street in Erick, Oklahoma was named Roger Miller Boulevard in his memory.

He was posthumously inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame in 1995.

In popular culture[edit]

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  • In 1969, Miller appeared on the television show Daniel Boone as American folk hero Johnny Appleseed. In Miller's version of Appleseed, singing was quite common.[22]
  • In 2007, music of "King of the Road" was used in a scene in the film Into The Wild, where a character in the film makes a mention of the song in writing a letter.
  • He composed and performed a number of songs in the Disney animated film Robin Hood (1973). The Roger Miller song "Whistle-Stop" was whistled by the rooster character Alan-a-Dale. Other Miller songs sung by him included "Oo-De-Lally" in two versions and "Not In Nottingham".
  • The "Hampster Dance" single in 2000 was based on the melody of "Whistle Stop". The Internet meme on which "Hampster Dance" was based used a sped-up version of Roger Miller's recording. The commercial song for Hampton the Hamster was altered to a sound-alike sample when the producers failed to obtain the rights to the original song.
  • A bluegrass version of "Boeing Boeing 707" written by Roger Miller was released by Chris Roberts in January 2018. The song features Chris Roberts as vocalist. Musicians Ronnie McCoury (Mandolin), Cody Kilby (Acoustic Guitar), Dennis Crouch (Bass), Aubrey Haynie (Fiddle), Scott Vestal (Banjo) and Wes Hightower (Harmonies) are also featured on the recording. Produced by Adam Engelhardt and Glen Duncan. Mastered by Eric Conn.

Filmography[edit]

  • Waterhole No. 3 (1967) - Balladeer (voice)
  • Daniel Boone (1969) - Johnny Appleseed
  • Robin Hood (1973) - Alan-a-Dale - The Rooster (voice)
  • Nestor, the Long–Eared Christmas Donkey (1977) - Steel Toe
  • The Muppet Show Season 3, Episode 21 (Airdate: May 10, 1979) - Himself
  • Murder, She Wrote Season 1, Episode 5, It's A Dog's Life (Airdate: Nov. 4, 1984) the Sheriff
  • Lucky Luke (1991) - Jolly Jumper (voice).
  • Quincy, M.E. (1983) On Dying High S8/Ep16 (undated CF 2825 well)

Discography[edit]

Main article: Roger Miller discography
Roger Miller discography
Studio albums 19
Live albums 3
Compilation albums 69
Singles 37
No.1 Single 3

Main albums[edit]

[23]

  • Roger and Out (1964)
  • The Return of Roger Miller (1965)
  • The 3rd Time Around (1965)
  • Words and Music (1966)
  • Walkin' in the Sunshine (1967)
  • A Tender Look at Love (1968)
  • Roger Miller (1969)
  • Roger Miller Featuring Dang Me! (1969)
  • A Trip in the Country (1970)
  • Roger Miller 1970 (1970)
  • Dear Folks, Sorry I Haven't Written Lately (1973)
  • Celebration (1976)
  • Painted Poetry (1977)
  • Off the Wall (1978)
  • Waterhole No. 3 (1978)
  • Making a Name for Myself (1979)
  • Old Friends (with Willie Nelson) (1982)
  • The Country Side of Roger Miller (1986)
  • Green Green Grass of Home (1994)
  • King of the Road: The Genius of Roger Miller (1995)

#1 singles[edit]

Released and recorded by Miller[8]
  • "Dang Me" (1964)
  • "King of the Road" (1965)
  • "England Swings" (1966)
Recorded and released by other artists
  • "Billy Bayou" – Jim Reeves (1958)
  • "Don't We All Have the Right" – Ricky Van Shelton (1988)
  • "Tall, Tall Trees" – Alan Jackson (1995)
  • "Husbands and Wives" – Brooks & Dunn (1998)

Awards[edit]

In addition to 11 Grammy Awards, Roger Miller won Broadway's Tony Award for writing the music and lyrics for Big River, which won a total of 7 Tony's including best musical in 1985. He was voted into the Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1973 and the Country Music Hall of Fame in 1995. Miller's 11 Grammy Awards held the record as the most won by a single artist until Michael Jackson's 1982 album Thriller.[18] In Erick, Oklahoma where he grew up, a thoroughfare was renamed "Roger Miller Boulevard" and a museum dedicated to Miller was built on the road in 2004.[24]

Below is a list of awards won by Miller:[25]

  • 1964 — Grammy Award: Best Country Song: "Dang Me"
  • 1964 — Grammy Award: Best New Country and Western Artist
  • 1964 — Grammy Award: Best Country and Western Recording, Single: "Dang Me"
  • 1964 — Grammy Award: Best Country and Western Performance, Male: "Dang Me"
  • 1964 — Grammy Award: Best Country and Western Album: "Dang Me"/"Chug-a-Lug"
  • 1965 — Jukebox Artist of the Year
  • 1965 — Grammy Award: Best Country Song: "King of the Road"
  • 1965 — Grammy Award: Best Country Vocal Performance, Male: "King of the Road"
  • 1965 — Grammy Award: Best Country and Western Recording, Single: "King of the Road"
  • 1965 — Grammy Award: Best Contemporary Vocal Performance, Male: "King of the Road"
  • 1965 — Grammy Award: Best Contemporary (Rock 'N Roll), Single: "King of the Road"
  • 1965 — Grammy Award: Best Country and Western Album: "The Return of Roger Miller"
  • 1965 — Academy of Country and Western Music: "Best Songwriter"
  • 1965 — Academy of Country and Western Music: "Man of the Year"
  • 1973 — Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame
  • 1985 — Tony Award for Best Score and Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Lyrics for Big River
  • 1988 — Academy of Country Music: Pioneer Award
  • 1995 — Country Music Hall of Fame
  • 1997 — Grammy Hall of Fame Song : "Dang Me"
  • 1998 — Grammy Hall of Fame Song : "King of the Road"
  • 2003 — CMT's 40 Greatest Men of Country Music: Ranked No. 23.

References[edit]

  1. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "Biography". rogermiller.com. Retrieved 2010-07-11.
  2. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Landon, Grelun; Stambler, Irwin; Stambler, Lyndon (2000), "Roger Miller", The Encyclopedia of Country Music, Macmillan, pp. 311–314
  3. ^ Jump up to: a b "High School Papers". rogermiller.com. Retrieved 2010-07-11.
  4. Jump up ^ "Roger Miller Biography". CMT. Retrieved 2010-07-11.
  5. Jump up ^ Simpson, Paul (2003). The Rough Guide to Cult Pop. London: Rough Guides Ltd. p. 218. ISBN 1-84353-229-8.
  6. ^ Jump up to: a b Cooper, Daniel. "The Roger Miller Story". Country Music Hall of Fame.
  7. Jump up ^ "Country Music News - Nash Country Daily".
  8. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "Roger Miller > Charts & Awards > Billboard Singles". AllMusic. Retrieved 2010-07-11.
  9. Jump up ^ Holden, Stephen (October 27, 1992). "Roger Miller, Quirky Country Singer and Songwriter, Is Dead at 56". New York Times.
  10. Jump up ^ Jurek, Thom. "If There Was a Way". AllMusic. Retrieved 2010-07-11.
  11. Jump up ^ "If There Was a Way > Chart & Awards > Billboard Singles". AllMusic. Retrieved 2010-07-11.
  12. Jump up ^ "In brief:". New York Magazine: 85. October 26, 1992.
  13. Jump up ^ Malone, Bill C. (1969). Country music U.S.A: a fifty-year history. University of Texas Press. p. 261. ISBN 978-0-292-71029-0.
  14. ^ Jump up to: a b "The Unhokey Okie". Time. May 5, 1965.
  15. Jump up ^ Style, Lyle, Ain't Got No Cigarettes, Great Plains Publications, p. 65, ISBN 978-1-894283-60-1
  16. Jump up ^ Roger miller agrees 'words are his toys'. (1966, Sep 11). Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File)
  17. Jump up ^ By, JON P. "Music: Roger Miller." New York Times (1923-Current file), New York, N.Y., 1987.
  18. ^ Jump up to: a b c Van Ostrand, Maggie (October 26, 2006). "Thirty or More Things You Should Know About Roger Miller". texasescapes.com.
  19. Jump up ^ "Iowa Rock'n Roll Music Association 2009 Hall of Fame Inductee..." Iowa Rock'n Roll Music Association. Retrieved 2010-07-11.
  20. Jump up ^ "Roger Miller Music, Inc., and Mary A. Miller v. Sont/ATV Publishing, LLC" (PDF). United States Court of Appeals. February 13, 2007.
  21. Jump up ^ "Roger Miller's Widow Wins – Court Victory Equals $900,000 in Royalties". National Ledger. March 23, 2010. Retrieved Mar 24, 2010.
  22. Jump up ^ Daniel Boone TV series season 6 episode 140, "A Very Small Rifle."
  23. Jump up ^ "Roger Miller > Discography > Main Albums". AllMusic. Retrieved 2010-07-11.
  24. Jump up ^ Flippo, Chet (June 3, 2004). "Nashville Skyline: Roger Miller Gets a Museum". CMT.
  25. Jump up ^ "Roger Miller". Nashville Songwriter's Hall of Fame. Archived from the original on June 14, 2011. Retrieved July 11, 2010.

Sources[edit]

  • Cooper, Daniel. (1998). "Roger Miller." In The Encyclopedia of Country Music. Paul Kingsbury, Ed. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 347–8.

External links[edit]

  • All Roger Miller Songs Written and Released
  • Episode of Quincy ME starring Roger Miller
  • Roger Miller on IMDb
  • Roger Miller at the Internet Broadway Database Edit this at Wikidata
  • Roger Miller Museum in Erick, Oklahoma
  • Roger Miller interview on the Pop Chronicles
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  • "The Tom Green County Fair"
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  • "Tomorrow Night in Baltimore"
  • "Lovin' Her Was Easier (Than Anything I'll Ever Do Again)"
  • "We Found It in Each Other's Arms"
  • "Sunny Side of My Life"
  • "Rings for Sale"
  • "Hoppy's Gone"
  • "Open Up Your Heart"
  • "I Believe in the Sunshine"
  • "Whistle Stop"
  • "Our Love"
  • "I Love a Rodeo"
  • "Baby Me Baby"
  • "Oklahoma Woman"
  • "The Hat"
  • "Everyone Gets Crazy Now and Then"
  • "Old Friends" with Willie Nelson and Ray Price
  • "River in the Rain"
  • "Some Hearts Get All the Breaks"
Compilations
  • Golden Hits
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  • King of the Road
  • 20th Century Masters: The Millennium Collection
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Related articles
  • Discography
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I Love It (Icona Pop song)

I Love It (Icona Pop song)

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"I Love It"
Icona Pop - I Love It.png
Single by Icona Pop featuring Charli XCX
from the album Icona Pop and This Is... Icona Pop
Released 9 May 2012 (2012-05-09)
Format Digital download
Recorded 2012
Genre
  • Electropop
  • dance-pop
Length 2:37
Label Ten
Songwriter(s)
  • Charlotte Aitchison
  • Patrik Berger
  • Linus Eklöw
Producer(s)
  • Patrik Berger
  • Style of Eye
Icona Pop singles chronology
"Mind Your Manners"
(2012)
"I Love It"
(2012)
"We Got the World"
(2012)

"Mind Your Manners"
(2012)
"I Love It"
(2012)
"We Got the World"
(2012)
Charli XCX singles chronology
"Nuclear Seasons"
(2011) Nuclear Seasons2011
"I Love It"
(2012) I Love It2012
"You're the One"
(2012) You're the One2012

"I Love It" is a song by Swedish DJ duo Icona Pop featuring vocals from British recording artist Charli XCX. It was released in May 2012 as a digital download in Sweden, where it peaked at number two on the singles chart. The song was added to their debut studio album, Icona Pop, as well as their EP Iconic and their debut international album, This Is... Icona Pop.[1]

The song received positive reviews from music critics, and publications Rolling Stone and Pitchfork included it on their year-end lists for 2012. The song went on to become Icona Pop and Charli XCX's first US hit, peaking at number seven on the Billboard Hot 100[2] and was certified double-platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America, denoting over 2 million copies sold in the United States. In June 2013, over a year after it was released elsewhere, the song charted at number 1 on the UK Singles Chart. It has gone on to sell 4.3 million certified downloads.

Contents

  • 1 Background
  • 2 Composition
  • 3 Release and promotion
  • 4 Critical reception
  • 5 Music video
  • 6 Track listing
  • 7 Charts
    • 7.1 Weekly charts
    • 7.2 Year-end charts
    • 7.3 All-time chart
  • 8 Sales and certifications
  • 9 Cover versions
  • 10 Release history
  • 11 References
  • 12 External links

Background[edit]

Singer Charli XCX co-wrote and recorded an earlier version of "I Love It".

The song was originally written by Charli XCX, whom Icona Pop met several times in London.[3] Swedish producer Patrik Berger sent Charli two beats, and she quickly wrote songs for each of them, one of which became "I Love It" and the other of which became her following single "You're the One".[4] However, she later stated that she knew she would not end up releasing it herself because she could not reconcile it with her sound.[5]

While recording "Good for You" with Icona Pop, Berger presented them with Charli's work on "I Love It".[6] Band member Aino Jawo said she felt a connection to the song because it mirrored her own experiences, and the line "You're from the 70s but I'm a 90s bitch" reminded her of an older man she had known.[7] Member Caroline Hjelt described Charli XCX's original demo as "more cute, in a way…really cool and cocky".[8] Icona Pop approached Swedish producer Style of Eye to make a rougher version of the track, telling him, "We want the punkiness. We want the 'fuck it' feeling."[6]

Composition[edit]

"I Love It"
The song's chorus features all three singers shouting "I don't care / I love it" in unison.

Problems playing this file? See media help.
"I Love It (Original Demo)"
The original version of the song before its composition was reworked.

Problems playing this file? See media help.

"I Love It" is set in common time with a tempo of 126 beats per minute (Allegro), and is described as an electropop[9] and dance-pop[10][11] song. It is written in A♭ major, with an authentic cadence for the main chord progression.[12] Billboard critic Jessica Hopper defined the instrumental by its "swells of revving synths" and prominent sub-bass sounds.[13] Pitchfork writer Lindsay Zoladz commented that the song was "basically just two-and-a-half minutes of drop";[14] colleague Larry Fitzmaurice noted the track's maximalist approach fit the contemporary trends in electronic and pop music.[15]

The song's lyrics describe breaking up with an older boyfriend. In its chorus, Icona Pop and Charli XCX shout in unison "I don't care / I love it".[16] Critics compared the song's breakup narrative to Kelly Clarkson's 2004 single "Since U Been Gone",[14][17] and journalist Chuck Eddy wrote in a piece for Spin that the track's brattiness was similar to British band Shampoo.[18]

Release and promotion[edit]

"I Love It" was released in Sweden in May 2012. It entered the Swedish Singles Chart the following month at number 48, and after two months on the chart, the song peaked at number two for three consecutive weeks.[19] After its January 2013 appearance on an episode of Girls, the song performed better in digital downloads than it had upon initial release.[20] Ten days later it entered the Billboard Hot 100,[3] eventually climbing to number seven on the chart.[2] Jawo and Hjelt's first performance with Charli XCX happened in April 2013, after seeing her back stage at a South by Southwest showcase where both acts were playing.[21]

In June 2013, several cover versions of the song entered the UK Singles Chart, including one by vlogger Venus Angelic.[22] When Icona Pop released their version, it entered at the top of the chart, overtaking Robin Thicke's "Blurred Lines" featuring T.I. and Pharrell Williams.[23]

Critical reception[edit]

"I Love It" was met with positive reviews from music critics. The song placed 15th on The Village Voice's 2012 Pazz & Jop list,[24] and it rose to eighth place the following year.[25] Pitchfork Media labeled it "Best New Music", calling the song "delectable, empowering, infinitely repeatable".[15] Pitchfork later listed the song number 50 on its "Top 100 Tracks of 2012" list.[17] Rolling Stone placed "I Love It" at number 35 on its year-end list, naming it "the Euro-slut club jam of the summer".[26] Amrit Singh for Stereogum described it as "fun",[9] Heather Phares commented Jawo and Hjelt "half-sung, half-shouted vocals and revved-up synths make the song inescapably catchy".[27] Kat Bein of the Miami New Times called the song a "feminist pop anthem".[28]

Music video[edit]

The music video for "I Love It" was directed by Fredrik Etoall. The video was shot in a day by friends of the band while they were in Paris.[7] It shows Jawo and Hjelt playing a show for a crowd shouting the lyrics and dancing, with additional shots from backstage and an after-party.[29] It also includes outdoor shots of them wearing fringed jackets that they made. Charli XCX does not appear in the video. [7]

Track listing[edit]

Digital download
No.TitleLength
1."I Love It" (featuring Charli XCX)2:37
Remixes
No.TitleLength
1."I Love It" (Cobra Starship Remix) (Radio Edit)3:33
2."I Love It" (Nari & Milani Remix) (Radio Edit)3:20
3."I Love It" (Style of Eye Remix)4:40
4."I Love It" (Sick Individuals Club Edit)5:57
5."I Love It" (Sazon Booya Moombahton Remix)4:22
6."I Love It" (Volta Bureau Remix)5:25
7."I Love It" (Wayne G & LFB Remix) (Radio Edit)3:44
8."I Love It" (Steven Redant '90s Bitch Club Mix)6:53
9."I Love It" (Tiësto's Club Life Remix)4:30
Remixes (Part 2)
No.TitleLength
1."I Love It" (Nari & Milani Remix)7:00
2."I Love It" (Sick Individuals Remix)6:45
3."I Love It" (Skitzofrenix Remix)6:03
4."I Love It" (Hot Mouth Remix)5:41
5."I Love It" (Style of Eye Dub)4:41
6."I Love It" (Fukkk Offf Remix)4:48
7."I Love It" (Apocalypto Remix)6:13
8."I Love It" (Cobra Starship Remix)5:08
9."I Love It" (Wayne G & LFB Club Mix)6:27
10."I Love It" (Steven Redant '90s Bitch Club Mix)6:52
11."I Love It" (Solidisco Mix)5:18

CD single
No.TitleLength
1."I Love It" (Original Version)2:37
2."I Love It" (Fukkk Offf Remix)4:48
Beatport Remixes
No.TitleLength
1."I Love It" (Nari & Milani Remix)7:00
2."I Love It" (Sick Individuals Remix)6:45
3."I Love It" (Skitzofrenix Remix)6:03
4."I Love It" (Hot Mouth Remix)5:41
5."I Love It" (Sazon Booya Moombahton Remix)4:22
6."I Love It" (Volta Bureau Remix)5:24
7."I Love It" (Style of Eye Remix)4:39
8."I Love It" (Style of Eye Dub)4:41
9."I Love It" (Fukkk Offf Remix)4:48
10."I Love It" (Apocalypto Remix)6:13
11."I Love It" (Cobra Starship Remix)5:08

Charts[edit]

Weekly charts[edit]

Chart (2012–14) Peak
position
Australia (ARIA)[30] 3
Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)[31] 3
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[32] 6
Belgium (Ultratop Flanders Dance)[32] 2
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Wallonia)[33] 20
Belgium (Ultratop Wallonia Dance)[33] 3
Brazil (Billboard Brasil Hot 100)[34] 63
Brazil Hot Pop Songs[34] 22
Canada (Canadian Hot 100)[35] 9
Czech Republic (Rádio Top 100)[36] 15
Czech Republic (Singles Digitál Top 100)[37] 92
Europe (Euro Digital Songs)[38] 2
France (SNEP)[39] 18
Germany (Official German Charts)[40] 3
Hungary (Dance Top 40)[41] 10
Hungary (Rádiós Top 40)[42] 3
Ireland (IRMA)[43] 8
Israel (Media Forest)[44] 2
Italy (FIMI)[45] 3
Japan (Japan Hot 100)[46] 12
Mexico Top Anglo (Monitor Latino)[47] 3
Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)[48] 13
Netherlands (Mega Dance Top 30)[49] 4
Netherlands (Single Top 100)[50] 16
Netherlands (Mega Top 50)[51] 10
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[52] 9
Portugal (Billboard)[53] 3
Scotland (Official Charts Company)[54] 1
Slovakia (Rádio Top 100)[55] 15
Slovenia (SloTop50)[56] 8
Spain (PROMUSICAE)[57] 4
Sweden (Sverigetopplistan)[19] 2
Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[58] 10
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[23] 1
US Billboard Hot 100[59] 7
US Hot Dance/Electronic Songs (Billboard)[60] 1
US Adult Top 40 (Billboard)[61] 11
US Dance Club Songs (Billboard)[62] 25
US Dance/Mix Show Airplay (Billboard)[63] 1
US Mainstream Top 40 (Billboard)[64] 3
US Rhythmic (Billboard)[65] 24
Venezuela Pop Rock General (Record Report)[66] 7

Year-end charts[edit]

Chart (2013) Position
Australia (ARIA)[67] 41
Canada (Canadian Hot 100)[68] 29
Germany (Media Control AG)[69] 19
Hungary (Rádiós Top 40)[70] 12
Slovenia (SloTop50)[71] 25
Spain (PROMUSICAE)[72] 28
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[73] 19
US Billboard Hot 100[74] 28

All-time chart[edit]

Chart Position
Sweden (Sverigetopplistan)[75] 93
Australia (ARIA)[76] 400

Sales and certifications[edit]

Region Certification Certified units/Sales
Australia (ARIA)[77] 6× Platinum 420,000^
Austria (IFPI Austria)[78] Gold 15,000*
Belgium (BEA)[79] Gold 15,000*
Canada (Music Canada)[80] 4× Platinum 320,000^
Germany (BVMI)[81] 3× Gold 450,000^
Italy (FIMI)[82] 2× Platinum 60,000*
Mexico (AMPROFON)[83] Gold 30,000*
New Zealand (RMNZ)[84] Gold 0*
South Korea (Gaon Chart)[85]
Iconic EP version
87,650[86][87]
South Korea (Gaon Chart)[88]
Single version
95,498[86][87]
Sweden (GLF)[89] Platinum 40,000^
Switzerland (IFPI Switzerland)[90] Platinum 30,000^
United Kingdom (BPI)[91] Platinum 600,000^
United States (RIAA)[92] 4× Platinum 2,127,000[93]
Venezuela (APFV)[94] 2x Platinum 20,000^

*sales figures based on certification alone
^shipments figures based on certification alone

Cover versions[edit]

Several cover versions have charted in the UK.

Artist Peak position Reference
Loreen Harris 74 [95]
Venus Angelic 71 [22]
Remix Junkies 49 [96]
Remix Chix 61 [97]
New Music Masters 51 [98]

In 2017, Swedish singer Moneybrother released a punk rock inspired cover version of the song as a part of the eighth season of Så mycket bättre. The track received mixed to positive reviews, ultimately failing to chart.[99][100]

Release history[edit]

Region Date Format Label
Sweden 9 May 2012[101] Record Company TEN
United States 5 February 2013[101][not in citation given] Mainstream Airplay Atlantic/Big Beat Records
United Kingdom 21 June 2013[102] Digital EP Warner Records

References[edit]

  1. Jump up ^ Icona Pop's 'All Night' is now on the internet, as is the cover of their new album - Popjustice
  2. ^ Jump up to: a b Trust, Gary. "Pink Holds at No. 1 on Hot 100 While Rihanna Rules at Radio". Retrieved 2 May 2013.
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  4. Jump up ^ Nostro, Lauren (6 March 2013). "Interview: Charli XCX Talks Debut Album, Internet Haters, and Writing Icona Pop's 'I Love It'". Complex. Retrieved 27 December 2013.
  5. Jump up ^ Savage, Mark (11 December 2013). "Charli XCX: Pop, punk and synaesthesia". BBC News. Retrieved 28 December 2013.
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  8. Jump up ^ "Charli XCX: 'I don't regret giving 'I Love It' to Icona Pop'". NME. 3 July 2013. Retrieved 29 December 2013.
  9. ^ Jump up to: a b Singh, Amrit (3 May 2013). "Watch Icona Pop Play Fallon". Stereogum. Spin Media. Retrieved 19 May 2013.
  10. Jump up ^ Ferreiro, Laura (16 July 2013). "Robin Thicke Covers Icona Pop's Summer Hit "I Love It"". Yahoo Music. Yahoo!. Retrieved 16 July 2013.
  11. Jump up ^ Walters, Barry (19 September 2013). "Icona Pop (We Love It) and Krewella (We Don't): Two Heroic, Sis-Centric Punk-Pop LPs". Spin. Retrieved 19 May 2015.
  12. Jump up ^ Eklöw, Linus; Berger, Patrik; Aitchison, Charlotte (2012). "I Love It" (sheet music). Musicnotes.com. Universal Music Publishing Group. Retrieved 29 December 2013.
  13. Jump up ^ Hopper, Jessica (31 August 2013). "Pop's New Icons". 125 (33). Billboard: 35.
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  28. Jump up ^ Bein, Kat (6 August 2013). "Icona Pop's Aino Jawo: "We Are Feminists"". Miami New Times. Retrieved 5 June 2015.
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  39. Jump up ^ "Lescharts.com – Icona Pop feat. Charli XCX – I Love It" (in French). Les classement single.
  40. Jump up ^ "Offiziellecharts.de – Icona Pop feat. Charli XCX – I Love It". GfK Entertainment Charts. Retrieved 5 December 2012.
  41. Jump up ^ "Archívum – Slágerlisták – MAHASZ" (in Hungarian). Dance Top 40 lista. Magyar Hanglemezkiadók Szövetsége.
  42. Jump up ^ "Archívum – Slágerlisták – MAHASZ" (in Hungarian). Rádiós Top 40 játszási lista. Magyar Hanglemezkiadók Szövetsége.
  43. Jump up ^ "Chart Track: Week 08, 2013". Irish Singles Chart.
  44. Jump up ^ "Icona Pop feat. Charli XCX – I Love It Media Forest". Israeli Airplay Chart. Media Forest.
  45. Jump up ^ "Italiancharts.com – Icona Pop – I Love It". Top Digital Download.
  46. Jump up ^ "Icona Pop Chart History (Japan Hot 100)". Billboard.
  47. Jump up ^ "Top 20 Ingles". Monitor Latino (in Spanish). RadioNotas. Archived from the original on 26 April 2013.
  48. Jump up ^ "Nederlandse Top 40 – Icona Pop feat. Charli XCX" (in Dutch). Dutch Top 40. Retrieved 5 December 2012.
  49. Jump up ^ Dance Top 30 : 02/02/2013 (in Dutch). dutchcharts.nl. Retrieved 22 December 2013.
  50. Jump up ^ "Dutchcharts.nl – Icona Pop feat. Charli XCX – I Love It" (in Dutch). Single Top 100. Retrieved 22 December 2013.
  51. Jump up ^ 3fm Mega Top 50: 30/03/2013 (in Dutch). dutchcharts.nl. Retrieved 22 December 2013.
  52. Jump up ^ "Charts.nz – Icona Pop feat. Charli XCX – I Love It". Top 40 Singles. Retrieved 29 November 2012.
  53. Jump up ^ "Portugal Digital Songs - September 14, 2013". Billboard.
  54. Jump up ^ "Official Scottish Singles Sales Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company.
  55. Jump up ^ "SNS IFPI" (in Slovak). Hitparáda – Radio Top 100 Oficiálna. IFPI Czech Republic. Note: insert 201327 into search.
  56. Jump up ^ "SloTop50: Slovenian official singles weekly chart" (in Slovenian). SloTop50. Retrieved 4 August 2013.
  57. Jump up ^ "Spanishcharts.com – Icona Pop feat. Charli XCX – I Love It" Canciones Top 50.
  58. Jump up ^ "Swisscharts.com – Icona Pop – I Love It". Swiss Singles Chart. Retrieved 24 February 2013.
  59. Jump up ^ "Icona Pop Chart History (Hot 100)". Billboard.
  60. Jump up ^ "Icona Pop Chart History (Hot Dance/Electronic Songs)". Billboard.
  61. Jump up ^ "Icona Pop Chart History (Adult Pop Songs)". Billboard.
  62. Jump up ^ "Icona Pop Chart History (Dance Club Songs)". Billboard.
  63. Jump up ^ "Icona Pop Chart History (Dance Mix/Show Airplay)". Billboard.
  64. Jump up ^ "Icona Pop Chart History (Pop Songs)". Billboard.
  65. Jump up ^ "Icona Pop Chart History (Rhythmic)". Billboard.
  66. Jump up ^ "Pop Rock General". Record Report (in Spanish). R.R. Digital C.A. 28 September 2013. Archived from the original on 27 September 2013. Retrieved 26 September 2013.
  67. Jump up ^ "2013 Year End Singles Chart". ARIA. Retrieved 7 February 2014.
  68. Jump up ^ "Best of 2013: Canadian Hot 100". Prometheus Gobal Media. Retrieved 13 December 2013.
  69. Jump up ^ "Top 100 Singles Jahrescharts 2013" (in German). VIVA. Viacom International Media Networks. Retrieved 12 January 2014.
  70. Jump up ^ "MAHASZ Rádiós TOP 100 - radios 2013" (in Hungarian). MAHASZ. Retrieved 22 January 2014.
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  72. Jump up ^ "Top 50 Canciones Anual 2013". Promuiscae.es. Retrieved 3 February 2014.
  73. Jump up ^ Lane, Daniel (1 January 2014). "The Official Top 40 Biggest Selling Singles Of 2013". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 1 January 2014.
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  77. Jump up ^ "ARIA Charts – Accreditations – 2018 Singles". Australian Recording Industry Association. Retrieved 21 April 2018.
  78. Jump up ^ "Austrian single certifications – Icona Pop – I Love It" (in German). IFPI Austria.  Enter Icona Pop in the field Interpret. Enter I Love It in the field Titel. Select single in the field Format. Click Suchen
  79. Jump up ^ "Ultratop − Goud en Platina – singles 2013". Ultratop. Hung Medien.
  80. Jump up ^ "Canadian single certifications – Icona Pop – I Love It". Music Canada.
  81. Jump up ^ "Gold-/Platin-Datenbank (Icona Pop feat. Charli XCX; 'I Love It')" (in German). Bundesverband Musikindustrie.
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  83. Jump up ^ "..:Certificaciones Mensuales 2015:." Asociación Mexicana de Productores de Fonogramas y Videogramas. Facebook. 18 March 2015. Retrieved 18 March 2015.
  84. Jump up ^ "New Zealand single certifications – Icona Pop – I Love It". Recorded Music NZ.
  85. Jump up ^ UNSUPPORTED OR EMPTY REGION: South Korea (Gaon Chart).
  86. ^ Jump up to: a b "GAON DOWNLOAD CHART – 2013년 5월". Gaon Chart (in Korean). Korea Music Content Industry Association. Archived from the original on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 31 July 2013.
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  89. Jump up ^ "Veckolista Singlar - Vecka 10, 10 maj 2013" (in Swedish). Swedish Recording Industry Association. 1 May 2013. Archived from the original on 28 September 2013. Retrieved 28 May 2013.
  90. Jump up ^ "The Official Swiss Charts and Music Community: Awards (Icona Pop feat. Charli XCX; 'I Love It')". IFPI Switzerland. Hung Medien.
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  92. Jump up ^ "American single certifications – Icona Pop – I Love It". Recording Industry Association of America.  If necessary, click Advanced, then click Format, then select Single, then click SEARCH
  93. Jump up ^ Jason Lipshutz (11 December 2013). "Icona Pop Looking Forward To Miley Cyrus & Katy Perry Tours In 2014". Billboard.
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  95. Jump up ^ "LOREEN HARRIS". The Official Charts Company. Retrieved 24 June 2013.
  96. Jump up ^ "REMIX JUNKIES". The Official Charts Company. Retrieved 24 June 2013.
  97. Jump up ^ "REMIX CHIX". The Official Charts Company. Retrieved 24 June 2013.
  98. Jump up ^ "NEW MUSIC MASTERS". The Official Charts Company. Retrieved 7 June 2013.
  99. Jump up ^ "Som en lagom och uppsluppen personalfest". Aftonbladet. Retrieved 30 March 2018.
  100. Jump up ^ "Betyg: Så bra var tolkningar i "Så mycket bättre"". Expressen. Retrieved 30 March 2018.
  101. ^ Jump up to: a b "I Love It – Single". iTunes Store (SE). Apple Inc. Retrieved 29 November 2012.
  102. Jump up ^ "I Love It – EP". iTunes Store (GB). Apple Inc. Retrieved 20 May 2013.

External links[edit]

  • Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
  • "I Love It" on YouTube
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Freedom of the City

Freedom of the City

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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For the Northern Irish play, see The Freedom of the City. For the role-playing game campaign setting, see Freedom City.
"Key to the City" redirects here. For other meanings of the term, see Key to the City (disambiguation).
Award to Robert Hadfield by the City of Sheffield
Gold New York City 'Freedom of the City Box' presented to Commodore Daniel Patterson, made by Jonathan Wilmarth, John L. Moffat, and Joseph Curtis, 1832
"Ferdinand Receives the Keys of the City from the Virgin of Ghent", print after a painting made by Antoon van den Heuvel for the Joyous Entry by the Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand into Ghent in 1635

The Freedom of the City is an honour bestowed by a municipality upon a valued member of the community, or upon a visiting celebrity or dignitary. Arising from the medieval practice of granting respected citizens freedom from serfdom, the tradition still lives on in countries such as the United Kingdom, Ireland, Australia, Canada, South Africa and New Zealand – although today the title of "freeman" confers no special privileges. The Freedom of the City can also be granted by municipal authorities to military units which have earned the city's trust; in this context, it is sometimes called the Freedom of Entry. This allows them the freedom to parade through the city, and is an affirmation of the bond between the regiment and the citizenry.

The honour was sometimes accompanied by a "freedom box", a small gold box inscribed to record the occasion; these are not usual today. In some countries, such as the United States, esteemed residents and visitors may instead be presented with the Key to the City, a similarly symbolic honour. Other US cities award Honorary Citizenship, with just a certificate.

Contents

  • 1 Military privilege
  • 2 Entitlement to civil privileges
    • 2.1 United Kingdom
      • 2.1.1 Freedom of the City of London
      • 2.1.2 Freedom of the City of York
    • 2.2 Ireland
  • 3 Key to the city
  • 4 See also
  • 5 References
  • 6 External links

Military privilege[edit]

Members of No. 28 Squadron RAAF marching through the centre of Canberra during the unit's Freedom of the City parade in August 2013

Freedom of the City is an ancient honour granted to martial organisations, allowing them the privilege to march into the city "with drums beating, colours flying, and bayonets fixed".[1]

This honour dates back to ancient Rome which regarded the "pomerium", the boundary of the city, as sacred. Promagistrates and generals were forbidden from entering it, and resigned their imperium immediately upon crossing it. An exception was made for victory celebrations (called triumphs), during which the victorious general would be permitted to enter for one day only. Under the Republic, soldiers also lost their status when entering, becoming citizens: thus soldiers at their general's triumph wore civilian dress. Weapons were also banned inside the pomerium for religious and traditional reasons. (The assassination of Julius Caesar occurred outside this boundary.)

Similar laws were passed by other European cities throughout the Medieval era, to protect public security and civic rights, even against their own king's troops. As a result, soldiers would be forced to camp outside the walls of the city during the winter months. The Freedom of the City was an honour granted only to troops which had earned the trust of the local populace, either through some valiant action or simply by being a familiar presence.[1]

Today, martial freedom of the city is an entirely ceremonial honour, usually bestowed upon a unit with historic ties to the area, as a token of appreciation for their long and dedicated service. The awarding of the Freedom is often accompanied by a celebratory parade through the city.

Entitlement to civil privileges[edit]

A slightly more common freedom of the city is connected to the medieval concept of "free status", when city and town charters drew a distinction between freemen and vassals of a feudal lord. As such, freemen actually pre-date 'boroughs'. Early freedom of the boroughs ceremonies had great importance in affirming that the recipient enjoyed privileges such as the right to trade and own property, and protection within the town.

In modern society, the award of honorary freedom of the city or borough tends to be entirely ceremonial, given by the local government in many towns and cities on those who have served in some exceptional capacity, or upon any whom the city wishes to bestow an honour.

United Kingdom[edit]

A recipient of Freedom of the City of London, Nigel Cumberland, after his ceremony

Before parliamentary reform in 1832, freedom of the city or town conferred the right to vote in the 'parliamentary boroughs' for the MPs. Until the Municipal Corporations Act 1835 the freemen were the exclusive electorate for some of the boroughs. These two acts together curtailed the power of the freemen and extended the franchise to all 'householders' (defined as local rate payers; in fact therefore property owners). The private property belonging to the freemen collectively was retained. The freemen of York, Oxford and Newcastle upon Tyne still own considerable areas within their towns, although the income is effectively given to support charitable objects. The Local Government Act 1972 specifically preserved freemen's rights.[2] The Local Democracy, Economic Development and Construction Act 2009 removed any restrictions entitling only men to be freemen.[3]

Today, the grant of honorary freedom in the United Kingdom is governed by the Local Government Act 1972 (as amended by the Local Democracy, Economic Development and Construction Act 2009). The 1972 Act enabled the councils of cities, royal boroughs, boroughs, and parishes (or, in Wales, communities) with the status of a royal town to confer the status of honorary freeman on "persons of distinction and persons who have, in the opinion of the council, rendered eminent services" to the local area.[4] The 2009 Act extends the ability to grant the status of honorary freeman to any county, city, district, borough, town, parish or community council (so removing the requirement for the town to have 'royal' status, and also enabling county councils to confer the honour).[5] A special meeting of the council can grant the honour by passing a resolution with a two-thirds majority at a specially convened meeting.

The exact qualifications for borough freedom differ between each city or town, but generally fall into two categories, 'patrimony' (inheritance) and 'servitude' (apprenticeship). For example, in Chester, only the children or grandchildren of freemen may apply for admission. In York, this extends to great- and great-great-grandchildren, and apprenticeship to a freeman of the city will also allow admission.[6] In Great Grimsby, the widow of a freeman passes his rights to her second husband, who retains the privilege after either divorce from or death of the widow. The borough freedom is strongest in York, Chester, Newcastle upon Tyne and Coventry; in Coventry, freedom is qualified by having served an apprenticeship. Durham and Northampton have extended their admission criteria to those who have served an apprenticeship without being 'bound' (trained) by a freeman directly. Freemen of Newcastle upon Tyne are bestowed the right to graze cattle on the town moor.[7]

Freedom of the City of London[edit]

Lord Nelson's certificate given him after becoming a Freeman of the City of London showing that he has Freedom
Ari Norman's Certificate of Freedom of the City of London
Sir Tim Berners-Lee receiving the freedom of the City of London in 2014

In England, the most established borough freedom is that conferred by the Freedom of the City of London, first recorded in 1237. This is closely tied to the role and status of the livery companies. From 1835, the freedom "without the intervention of a Livery Company" has been bestowed by a general resolution of Common Council, by "redemption" (purchase), at one time for an onerous sum. Now the Freedom can be obtained by servitude, by patrimony, by nomination, or by presentation via a Livery Company. Freedom by nomination by two sponsors is available for a fee (known as a "fine"), of £100 as of 2018[update], and free to those on the electoral roll of the City.[8]

New freemen are enrolled in a ceremony in Guildhall, when they receive a guide to conducting their lives in an honourable fashion and an impressive sealed certificate. Freemen's children get admission preference at the City of London Freemen's School. There are a number of rights traditionally but apocryphally associated with freemen—the right to drive sheep and cattle over London Bridge; to a silken rope, if hanged; to carry a naked sword in public; or that if the City of London Police finds a freeman drunk and incapable, they will bundle him or her into a taxi and send them home rather than throw them into a cell. While sheep have occasionally been driven over London Bridge by Freemen on special occasions, these "privileges" are now effectively symbolic.

Mark Stephens with a sheep on London Bridge in 2009

The right to herd sheep and cattle across London's four bridges technically no longer applies, as there are no livestock markets in the city.[9] Nevertheless, this right has been exercised, or the city has granted permission, on several occasions in modern times:

  • On 19 August 1999, Jef Smith, a freeman of London walked two sheep over Tower Bridge to bring attention to the rights of older citizens.[9]
  • On 17 June 2006, a flock of about thirty sheep was driven across the Millennium Bridge to mark the start of London Architecture Week.[10]
  • On 31 August 2008, Amanda Cottrell, former High Sheriff of Kent, marched six rams across London Bridge to promote fundraising for the restoration of Canterbury Cathedral and "a scheme backing local food production".[11]
  • On 17 September 2008, the Lord Mayor of London, David Lewis, and some 500 freemen drove a flock of Romney ewes in relay across London Bridge to raise funds for the Lord Mayor's charities (Orbis and Wellbeing of Women).[12]
  • On 7 April 2013, actor and presenter Stephen Fry drove Grace, a year-old lamb, over London Bridge for a documentary about becoming a freeman, Stephen Fry's Key To The City.[13][14]

By 2015, the driving of sheep across the bridge had become an annual event, organised by the Worshipful Company of Woolmen livery company, typically to raise funds for the Lord Mayor's Appeal and the Worshipful Company of Woolmen.[15][16]

Freedom of the City of York[edit]

York has a long history of freemen dating back to the Anglo-Saxon period, with records dating back to 1272.[17] Freemen may claim their rights through patronage (as far back as their great-great-grandparent, there are records of women being admitted in York in medieval times, a right forgotten for a time until the late 1970s when the gild carried out research and rediscovered it) or apprenticeship. Once 'sworn in', freemen can join the Gild (archaic spelling used) of Freemen who continue to take an interest in the affairs of the city. New admissions are made every year (usually October) following an admission ceremony with the Lord Mayor at the Guildhall.

Ireland[edit]

This section is about Ireland. For Freedom awarded specifically in Dublin, see Freedom of the City of Dublin.

In Ireland, borough freedom of the city is generally given to noted foreign and national dignitaries and the list rarely exceeds a few dozen. As in the United Kingdom, the title generally comes with various ancient privileges – for instance, freemen of Dublin are allowed the right to vote in certain elections, bring goods for sale in the city without customs and the right to pasture sheep on common ground such as College Green and St. Stephen's Green.

Key to the city[edit]

Russian President Dmitry Medvedev received the Golden Key to the City of Madrid during his state visit to Spain in March 2009.
See also: List of Keys to the City in the United States and List of Keys to the City in Canada
For other uses, see Key to the City (disambiguation).

In some countries, such as the United States, an ornamental key – the "key to the city" – is presented to esteemed visitors, residents, or others whom the city wishes to honour. This practice is a variation on the freedom of the city tradition, and has a similar symbolic meaning; evoking medieval walled cities, the gates of which would be guarded during the day and locked at night, the key symbolises the freedom of the recipient to enter and leave the city at will, as a trusted friend of city residents.[18]

In some cities in the Netherlands, Belgium, and Germany, the key to the city is given to the so-called "prince carnival (nl)" who leads the carnivals which take place the week prior to Septuagesima. The tradition is that the mayor steps down for this period and power is transferred to the prince carnival, who then returns the key at the end of Shrove Tuesday/Mardi Gras. Today, the handing over of the key is mostly symbolic and marks the start and end of the carnival.

In Calgary, Alberta, Canada, instead of a key, esteemed visitors receive a white cowboy hat and usually recite one of two oaths (one formal, the other more silly) to become honorary Calgarians.[19]

See also[edit]

  • List of Freedom of the City recipients (military)
  • Honorary citizenship

References[edit]

  1. ^ Jump up to: a b "1985 – 75th Anniversary Naval Service of Canada". Royal Canadian Navy. Archived from the original on 12 September 2012. Retrieved 21 November 2012.
  2. Jump up ^ Section 248 of Text of the Local Government Act 1972 as in force today (including any amendments) within the United Kingdom, from legislation.gov.uk
  3. Jump up ^ Sections 27 and 28 of the Text of the Local Democracy, Economic Development and Construction Act 2009 as in force today (including any amendments) within the United Kingdom, from legislation.gov.uk
  4. Jump up ^ Text of the Section 249 of the Local Government Act 1972 as in force today (including any amendments) within the United Kingdom, from legislation.gov.uk
  5. Jump up ^ Text of the Section 249 of the Local Democracy, Economic Development and Construction Act 2009 as in force today (including any amendments) within the United Kingdom, from legislation.gov.uk
  6. Jump up ^ "The Gild of Freemen of the City of York". Retrieved 24 June 2011.
  7. Jump up ^ "The Moor". The Freemen of Newcastle upon Tyne. Archived from the original on 8 October 2013. Retrieved 13 November 2013.
  8. Jump up ^ "How to apply for the Freedom". City of London. Retrieved 30 September 2018.
  9. ^ Jump up to: a b "Protest Freeman herds sheep over Tower Bridge". BBC News. 19 August 1999. Retrieved 15 November 2010.
  10. Jump up ^ "Sheep flock driven through city". BBC News. 17 June 2006. Retrieved 4 January 2010.
  11. Jump up ^ "Sheep marched over London Bridge". BBC News. 31 August 2008. Retrieved 4 January 2010.
  12. Jump up ^ "Sheep march over bridge for money". BBC News. 19 September 2008. Retrieved 4 January 2010.
  13. Jump up ^ "Stephen Fry on Twitter". Twitter. 8 April 2013. Retrieved 27 June 2018.
  14. Jump up ^ "Stephen Fry's Key To The City". ITV. Retrieved 27 June 2018.
  15. Jump up ^ "Why are there sheep being herded across London Bridge?". ITV News.
  16. Jump up ^ 30 September 2018. "Alan Titchmarsh herds sheep over London Bridge". BBC News. Retrieved 30 September 2018.
  17. Jump up ^ "Register of the Freemen of the City of York - British History Online". www.british-history.ac.uk.
  18. Jump up ^ "Key to the City of New York". New York City Commission for the United Nations, Consular Corps and Protocol. Archived from the original on 14 November 2011. Retrieved 6 November 2011.
  19. Jump up ^ "White Hat Ceremony". Visit Calgary. Archived from the original on 22 November 2012.

External links[edit]

  • Guild of Freemen of the City of London
  • Freedom of the City of London
  • The Gild of Freemen of the City of York
  • Freemen of the City of Liverpool
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