---
license: cc-by-4.0
task_categories:
- text2text-generation
language:
- la
size_categories:
- 1M<n<10M
tags:
- medieval
- editing
- normalization
- Georges
pretty_name: Normalized Georges 1913
version: 1.0.0
---

# Normalized Georges 1913

## **Description**
This dataset was created as part of the *Burchard's Dekret Digital* project ([www.burchards-dekret-digital.de](http://www.burchards-dekret-digital.de)), 
funded by the Academy of Sciences and Literature | Mainz.

It is based on 55,000 lemmata from Karl Georges, Ausführliches lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch, Hannover 1913 (Georges 1913) 
and was developed to train models for normalization tasks in the context of medieval Latin.

The dataset consists of **approximately 5 million** word pairs of orthographic variants alongside their normalized forms. 
These word pairs were generated by introducing systematic orthographic transformations, such as:

- **`v ↔ u` substitutions**: Interchanging `v` and `u`.
- **`ii → ij` / `ii → ji` substitutions**: Modifying digraphs (`ii`) into alternative medieval forms (`ij`, `ji`).
- **`ae → ę` replacements**: Replacing `ae` with `ę`.
- **`ti → ci` substitutions**: Transforming `ti` into `ci`.
- **`mn → mpn` modifications**: Expanding `mn` to `mpn`.
- **`n → m` changes**: Replacing `n` with `m`.
- **`y → i` replacements**: Substituting `y` with `i`.

These transformations were designed to provide a dataset for text normalization of medieval Latin manuscript transcriptions.


## **Dataset Structure**
The dataset is formatted as **tab-separated pairs** where each line contains an orthographic variant followed by its normalized form, e.g.:
| Ortographical variant| normalized form|
|:--:|:--:|
|`circumcalcabicis`|`circumcalcabitis`|
|`peruincaturi`|`pervincaturi`|
|`tepidaremtur`|`tepidarentur`|
|`exmovemdis`|`exmovendis`|
|`comvomavisset`|`convomavisset`|
|`permeiemdis`|`permeiendis`|
|`permeditacissime`|`permeditatissime`|
|`conspersu`|`conspersu`|
|`pręviridancissimę`|`praeviridantissimae`|
|`relaxavisses`|`relaxavisses`|
|`edentaveratis`|`edentaveratis`|
|`amhelioris`|`anhelioris`|
|`remediatae`|`remediatae`|
|`discruciavero`|`discruciavero`|
|`imterplicavimus`|`interplicavimus`|
|`peraequata`|`peraequata`|
|`ignicomantissimorum`|`ignicomantissimorum`|
|`pręfvltvro`|`praefulturo`|


## **Usecases**
This dataset can be used for:

- Training normalization models for medieval Latin texts.
- Developing text restoration or correction tools for historical documents.
- Applying normalization based on Georges 1913.


## **Known limitations**
The dataset has not been subjected to data augmentation and may contain substantial bias, particularly against irregular forms, such as Greek loanwords like "presbyter."

## **Data Splits**
The dataset consists of a single shuffled split of 5 million word pairs. 
Users can create their own train/validation/test splits depending on their use case.

## **Acknowledgments**
Dataset was created by Michael Schonhardt ([https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2750-1900](https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2750-1900)) for the project Burchards Dekret Digital.

Creation was made possible thanks to the lemmata from Georges 1913, kindly provided via [www.zeno.org](http://www.zeno.org/georges-1913) by 'Henricus - Edition Deutsche Klassik GmbH'. Please consider using and supporting this valuable service.

## **License**
CC BY 4.0 ([https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode.en](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode.en))

## **Citation**
If you use this dataset, please cite: Michael Schonhardt, Dataset: Normalized Georges 1913, [https://huggingface.co/datasets/mschonhardt/georges-1913-normalization](https://huggingface.co/datasets/mschonhardt/georges-1913-normalization), Doi: [10.5281/zenodo.14191142 ](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14191142).