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README.md
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---
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---
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annotations_creators:
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- expert-generated
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- machine-generated
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language_creators:
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- machine-generated
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languages:
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- en
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licenses:
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- mit
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multilinguality:
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- monolingual
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pretty_name: fashion-mnist-c
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size_categories:
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- 10K<n<100K
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source_datasets:
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- extended|fashion_mnist
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task_categories:
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- image-classification
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task_ids: []
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---
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# Fashion-Mnist-C (Corrupted Fashion-Mnist)
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A corrupted Fashion-MNIST benchmark for testing out-of-distribution robustness of computer vision models, which were trained on Fashion-Mmnist.
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[Fashion-Mnist](https://github.com/zalandoresearch/fashion-mnist) is a drop-in replacement for MNIST and Fashion-Mnist-C is a corresponding drop-in replacement for [MNIST-C](https://arxiv.org/abs/1906.02337).
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## Corruptions
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The following corruptions are applied to the images, equivalently to MNIST-C:
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- **Noise** (shot noise and impulse noise)
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- **Blur** (glass and motion blur)
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- **Transformations** (shear, scale, rotate, brightness, contrast, saturate, inverse)
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In addition, we apply various **image flippings and turnings**: For fashion images, flipping the image does not change its label,
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and still keeps it a valid image. However, we noticed that in the nominal fmnist dataset, most images are identically oriented
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(e.g. most shoes point to the left side). Thus, flipped images provide valid OOD inputs.
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Most corruptions are applied at a randomly selected level of *severity*, s.t. some corrupted images are really hard to classify whereas for others the corruption, while present, is subtle.
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## Examples
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| Turned | Blurred | Rotated | Noise | Noise | Turned |
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| ------------- | ------------- | --------| --------- | -------- | --------- |
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| <img src="https://github.com/testingautomated-usi/fashion-mnist-c/raw/main/generated/png-examples/single_0.png" width="100" height="100"> | <img src="https://github.com/testingautomated-usi/fashion-mnist-c/raw/main/generated/png-examples/single_1.png" width="100" height="100"> | <img src="https://github.com/testingautomated-usi/fashion-mnist-c/raw/main/generated/png-examples/single_6.png" width="100" height="100"> | <img src="https://github.com/testingautomated-usi/fashion-mnist-c/raw/main/generated/png-examples/single_3.png" width="100" height="100"> | <img src="https://github.com/testingautomated-usi/fashion-mnist-c/raw/main/generated/png-examples/single_4.png" width="100" height="100"> | <img src="https://github.com/testingautomated-usi/fashion-mnist-c/raw/main/generated/png-examples/single_5.png" width="100" height="100"> |
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## Citation
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If you use this dataset, please cite the following paper:
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```
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@inproceedings{Weiss2022SimpleTechniques,
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title={Simple Techniques Work Surprisingly Well for Neural Network Test Prioritization and Active Learning},
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author={Weiss, Michael and Tonella, Paolo},
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booktitle={Proceedings of the 31th ACM SIGSOFT International Symposium on Software Testing and Analysis},
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year={2022}
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}
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```
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Also, you may want to cite FMNIST and MNIST-C.
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## Credits
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- Fashion-Mnist-C is inspired by Googles MNIST-C and our repository is essentially a clone of theirs. See their [paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/1906.02337) and [repo](https://github.com/google-research/mnist-c).
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- Find the nominal (i.e., non-corrupted) Fashion-MNIST dataset [here](https://github.com/zalandoresearch/fashion-mnist).
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