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Can the majority of a set of numbers be larger than the average?

Another universal property is monotonicity: if two lists of numbers A and B have the same length, and each entry of list A is at least as large as the corresponding entry on list B, then the average of list A is at least that of list B. If each set contains more than half the population, then some of the population is exactly equal to the unique median. For example, the average of the numbers 2, 3, 4, 7, and 9 (summing to 25) is 5. For this reason, it is recommended to avoid using the word "average" when discussing measures of central tendency. ==General properties== If all numbers in a list are the same number, then their average is also equal to this number. In general, with this convention, the median can be defined as follows: For a data set x of n elements, ordered from smallest to greatest, : if n is odd, \mathrm{median}(x) = x_{(n + 1)/ 2} : if n is even, \mathrm{median}(x) = \frac{x_{(n/2)} + x_{((n/2)+1)}}{2} Comparison of common averages of values [ 1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 7, 9 ] Type Description Example Result Midrange Midway point between the minimum and the maximum of a data set 1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 7, 9 5 Arithmetic mean Sum of values of a data set divided by number of values: \bar{x} = \frac{1}{n} \sum_{i=1}^n x_i 4 Median Middle value separating the greater and lesser halves of a data set 1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 7, 9 3 Mode Most frequent value in a data set 1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 7, 9 2 ===Formal definition=== Formally, a median of a population is any value such that at least half of the population is less than or equal to the proposed median and at least half is greater than or equal to the proposed median. Comparison of common averages of values { 1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 7, 9 } Type Description Example Result Arithmetic mean Sum of values of a data set divided by number of values: \scriptstyle\bar{x} = \frac{1}{n}\sum_{i=1}^n x_i (1+2+2+3+4+7+9) / 7 4 Median Middle value separating the greater and lesser halves of a data set 1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 7, 9 3 Mode Most frequent value in a data set 1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 7, 9 2 Mid-range The arithmetic mean of the highest and lowest values of a set (1+9) / 2 5 ===Mode=== The most frequently occurring number in a list is called the mode. Also, all averages satisfy linear homogeneity: if all numbers of a list are multiplied by the same positive number, then its average changes by the same factor. Most types of average, however, satisfy permutation- insensitivity: all items count equally in determining their average value and their positions in the list are irrelevant; the average of (1, 2, 3, 4, 6) is the same as that of (3, 2, 6, 4, 1). ==Pythagorean means== The arithmetic mean, the geometric mean and the harmonic mean are known collectively as the Pythagorean means. ==Statistical location== The mode, the median, and the mid- range are often used in addition to the mean as estimates of central tendency in descriptive statistics. This property is shared by each of the many types of average. This most general definition still captures the important property of all averages that the average of a list of identical elements is that element itself. For example, the average personal income is often given as the median—the number below which are 50% of personal incomes and above which are 50% of personal incomes—because the mean would be higher by including personal incomes from a few billionaires. However, the notion of median does not lend itself to the theory of higher moments as well as the arithmetic mean does, and is much harder to compute by computer. In ordinary language, an average is a single number taken as representative of a list of numbers, usually the sum of the numbers divided by how many numbers are in the list (the arithmetic mean). It may happen that there are two or more numbers which occur equally often and more often than any other number. As seen above, medians may not be unique. The first numbers in the sequence of arithmetic numbers are :1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 11, 13, 14, 15, 17, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 27, 29, 30, 31, 33, 35, 37, 38, 39, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 49, ... . ==Density== It is known that the natural density of such numbers is 1:Guy (2004) p.76 indeed, the proportion of numbers less than X which are not arithmetic is asymptotically :\exp\left( { -c \sqrt{\log\log X} } \,\right) where c = 2 + o(1). However, the widely cited empirical relationship that the mean is shifted "further into the tail" of a distribution than the median is not generally true. This concept is relevant to voting theory on account of the median voter theorem. (If there are an even number of numbers, the mean of the middle two is taken.) If f is a C function, then : f(\operatorname{Median}[X]) \le \operatorname{Median}[ f(X)] If the medians are not unique, the statement holds for the corresponding suprema. ==Medians for samples== ===The sample median=== ==== Efficient computation of the sample median==== Even though comparison-sorting n items requires operations, selection algorithms can compute the th-smallest of items with only operations. thumb|Finding the median in sets of data with an odd and even number of values In statistics and probability theory, the median is the value separating the higher half from the lower half of a data sample, a population, or a probability distribution. Even then, the median has a 64% efficiency compared to the minimum-variance mean (for large normal samples), which is to say the variance of the median will be ~50% greater than the variance of the mean. ==Probability distributions== thumb|100px|Geometric visualization of the mode, median and mean of an arbitrary probability density function For any real-valued probability distribution with cumulative distribution function F, a median is defined as any real number m that satisfies the inequalities \int_{(-\infty,m]} dF(x) \geq \frac{1}{2} \text{ and } \int_{[m,\infty)} dF(x) \geq \frac{1}{2}.

All of the above

No, the majority of a set of numbers cannot be larger than the average

Yes, the majority of a set of numbers can be larger than the average

None of the above

No, half of the set of numbers will be smaller than the numbers

C

What did the Romans use vomitoriums for?

It contains five vomitoria spaced 72 degrees apart, creating five equal seating sections. == Historical notes == A commonly held but erroneous notion is that Ancient Romans designated spaces called vomitoria for the purpose of literal vomiting, as part of a binge and purge cycle.World Wide Words: Vomitorium ==References== ==External links== * Category:Ancient Roman architectural elements Category:Misconceptions Category:Parts of a theatre Category:Stage terminology A vomitorium is a passage situated below or behind a tier of seats in an amphitheatre or a stadium, through which big crowds can exit rapidly at the end of an event. Vomitory can refer to: *Vomitorium, an architectural feature in Ancient Roman amphitheatres *Vomitory (band), a death metal band from Sweden In ancient Roman architecture, vomitoria were designed to provide rapid egress for large crowds at amphitheatres and stadia, as they do in modern sports stadia and large theatres. ==Modern examples== thumb|Rendering of a vomitorium Smock Alley Theatre in Temple Bar Dublin has two vomitoria, one stage left and one stage right, as does the Stratford Festival in Stratford, Ontario, Canada. Vomitoria may refer to: * plural of vomitorium * Holly species Ilex vomitoria The Latin word vomitorium, plural vomitoria, derives from the verb vomō, vomere, "to spew forth". The Circle in the Square Theatre, designed to reflect the theatres of ancient Greece and Rome, is the only Broadway theatre that has a vomitorium, which is still used in many of their productions as an entrance and exit for the actors. A Roman circus (from the Latin word that means "circle") was a large open-air venue normally used mainly for chariot races, although sometimes serving other purposes. Roman funerary practices include the Ancient Romans' religious rituals concerning funerals, cremations, and burials. Emetophilia, also known as Roman shower, is the sexual arousal from vomiting, being vomited on or watching others vomit. Some had a lobby and several large rooms within, to store any paraphernalia required for memorial ceremonies and feasts.Heller, "Burial Customs of the Romans," p. 197. In Rome's earliest history, both inhumation and cremation were in common use among all classes. * Strong, Donald, Roman Art (Yale University Press, 1995, 3rd edition, originally published 1976 * Sumi, Geoffrey S., "Power and Ritual: The Crowd at Clodius' Funeral," Historia 46.1 (1997) * Suter, Ann, Lament: Studies in the Ancient Mediterranean and Beyond (Oxford University Press, 2008 * Taylor, Rabun, "Aqueduct Planning and the Law", in: Public Needs and Private Pleasures: Water Distribution, the Tiber River, and the Urban Development of Ancient Rome, L'ERMA di BRETSCHNEIDER, 2000 * Toynbee, J.M.C., Death and Burial in the Roman World (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1971, 1996 * Webster, Graham, The Roman Imperial Army of the First and Second Centuries A.D. (University of Oklahoma Press, 1985, 1998, 3rd edition) ==External links== * Smith's Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, article Funus Funerary Category:Funerals Category:Veneration of the dead * * Category:Religion and death Category:Afterlife Category:Death customs by region It is sometimes referred to as vomit fetish, and the fetish is considered a paraphilia. ==See also== * Emetophobia ==References== ==Further reading== * Category:Paraphilias Category:Vomiting Various funerary structures built on Rome's outskirts by wealthy patrons around this time have been suggested as attempts to serve the funeral needs of the very poor. For differing public health perspectives on Roman funerals and their ritual functions, see Lindsay, H. (2000) "Death-pollution and funerals in the City of Rome," In V. Hope and E.Marshall (eds.), Death and Disease in the Ancient City, 152–173. * Bodel, John, "Monumental Villas & Villa Monuments", Journal of Roman Archaeology, 10, 1997 * Bodel, John, "Dealing with the Dead: Undertakers, Executions And Potters' Fields", in: Death and Disease in the Ancient City, eds: Hope, Valerie M., and Marshall, Eirean, Routledge Classical Monographs, 2000 * Bodel, John, "The Organization of the Funerary Trade at Puteoli and Cumae," in S. Panciera, ed. Libitina e dintorni (Libitina 3) Rome, 2004 * Bodel, John, "From Columbaria to Catacombs: Collective Burial in Pagan and Christian Rome" in Brink, L., and Green, D., (Editors), Commemorating the Dead, Texts and Artefact in Context, de Gruyter, 2008 * Bodel, John, "The life and death of ancient Roman cemeteries. During the later Empire, and particularly in the early Christian era, Rome's catacombs performed a similar function as repositories for inhumation burials. Instead the stage is a thrust with vomitoria or "voms" for the audience and performers to enter and exit. "Pars Pro Toto" and Personhood in Roman Cremation Ritual: New Bioarchaeological Evidence for the Rite of "Os Resectum". "Pars Pro Toto" and Personhood in Roman Cremation Ritual: New Bioarchaeological Evidence for the Rite of "Os Resectum". It was used, in various forms, throughout the Republic and Empire, especially where there was little or no pressure for burial space.

All of the above

Vomitoriums were the entrances or exits in stadiums or theaters

Vomitoriums were used by ancient Romans to throw up

Vomitoriums were used by ancient Romans to vomit

Vomitoriums were used by ancient Romans to purge their meals so they could eat more

B

Can sharks get cancer?

Sharks have been known to get cancer. Despite its title, the book does not claim that sharks never get cancer, only that they rarely do so, a fact which has been known since the first malignancy was found in a shark specimen in 1908. A 2004 paper in Cancer Research said that even if sharks did rarely get cancer, as Lane claims, "cancer incidence is irrelevant to the use of crude extracts for cancer treatment." In 1996, Lane co-authored another book on the same subject, entitled Sharks Still Don't Get Cancer. ==Background== Lane became interested in the potential health benefits of shark cartilage after watching a CNN story about a study in Science that found that shark cartilage inhibited blood vessels from growing toward tumors. ==Publicity== After Sharks Don’t Get Cancer was published, Lane's claims received further publicity from segments on 60 Minutes in 1993. No scientific proof supports these claims; at least one study has shown shark cartilage of no value in cancer treatment.The results of a study sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, and led by Dr. Charles Lu of the M.D. Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, Texas, were presented at the annual meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology on June 2, 2007 in Chicago. The evidence that sharks are at least resistant to cancer and disease is mostly anecdotal and there have been few, if any, scientific or statistical studies that show sharks to have heightened immunity to disease. However, there is no scientific evidence that shark cartilage is useful in treating or preventing cancer or any other disease. Sharks Don't Get Cancer (subtitle: How Shark Cartilage Could Save Your Life) is a 1992 book written by I. William Lane and Linda Comac and published by Avery Publishing. Lane and Comac further claimed that this was because shark cartilage contained cancer-fighting elements, and so that powdered shark cartilage is an effective treatment for cancer and numerous other conditions. Contrary to popular belief, only a few sharks are dangerous to humans. Both diseases and parasites affect sharks. Cancer patients treated with extracts from shark cartilage had a shorter median lifespan than patients receiving a placebo. ==Threats to sharks== 250px|thumb|The annual shark catch has increased rapidly over the last 60 years.|alt=Graph of shark catch from 1950, linear growth from less than 200,000 tons per year in 1950 to about 500,000 in 2011 ===Fishery=== In 2008, it was estimated that nearly 100 million sharks were being killed by people every year, due to commercial and recreational fishing.HowStuffWorks "How many sharks are killed recreationally each year - and why?". The Anatomy of Sharks may refer to: *Shark anatomy, article on the anatomy of the sea creature *The Anatomy of Sharks (EP), an EP by June of 44 Sharks and other cartilaginous fish (skates and rays) have skeletons made of cartilage and connective tissue. Because sharks do not have rib cages, they can easily be crushed under their own weight on land. ===Jaw=== The jaws of sharks, like those of rays and skates, are not attached to the cranium. Sharks are considered to be a vital part of the ocean ecosystem. Sharks are also killed for meat. The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to sharks: Sharks (superorder Selachimorpha) are a type of fish with a full cartilaginous skeleton and a highly streamlined body. They also are used commonly as a clichéd means of killing off a character that is held up by a rope or some similar object as the sharks swim right below them, or the character may be standing on a plank above shark infested waters. ====Popular misconceptions==== A popular myth is that sharks are immune to disease and cancer, but this is not scientifically supported. Sharks can only drift away from objects directly in front of them because their fins do not allow them to move in the tail-first direction. ===Dermal denticles=== Unlike bony fish, sharks have a complex dermal corset made of flexible collagenous fibers and arranged as a helical network surrounding their body. Many shark populations are threatened by human activities. Sharks are threats in other films such as Deep Blue Sea, The Reef, and others, although they are sometimes used for comedic effect such as in Finding Nemo and the Austin Powers series.

No, sharks can't get cancer

No, cartilage in sharks prevents cancer

None of the above

All of the above

Yes, sharks can get cancer

E

When were iron maidens commonly used?

This is a list of weapons that were used during the medieval period. It took a long time, however, before this was done consistently, and even until the end of the early medieval period, many swords were still unhardened iron. In Classical Antiquity and the Parthian and Sassanid Empires in Iran, iron swords were common. The Essential Iron Maiden is the fourth greatest hits compilation by the British heavy metal band Iron Maiden, released on 12 July 2005. Over time, different methods developed all over the world. ==History== The Celtic Hallstatt culture – 8th century BC – figured among the early users of iron. The list of ironclads includes all steam-propelled warship (supplemented with sails in various cases) and protected by iron or steel armor plates that were built in the early part of the second half of the 19th century, between 1859 and the early 1890s. thumb|right|150px|19th century illustration of Hallstatt swords Swords made of iron (as opposed to bronze) appear from the Early Iron Age ( century BC), but do not become widespread before the 8th century BC. Several different methods of swordmaking existed in ancient times, including, most famously, pattern welding. Like other barbarian women Viking women needed jewellery to keep their clothes on, and were probably rarely seen without it. ===Late Middle Ages=== In the 13th century, jewelry became the province of aristocratic and noble houses, with sumptuary laws prohibiting commoners from wearing jewelry with precious stones, pearls and excess amounts of gold or silver. Early Iron Age swords were significantly different from later steel swords. These reports have puzzled some historians, since by that time the Celts had a centuries long tradition of iron workmanship.Vagn Fabritius Buchwald, Iron and steel in ancient times, Kgl. In addition to basic forms of personal jewellery such as rings, necklaces, bracelets, and brooches that remain in use today, medieval jewellery often includes a range of other forms less often found in modern jewellery, such as fittings and fasteners for clothes including, buckles, "points" for the end of laces, and buttons by the end of the period, as well as hat badges, decorations for belts, weapons, purses and other accessories, and decorated pins, mostly for holding hairstyles and head-dresses in place. All of these techniques enabled detailed work on gold jewelry, adding other materials or fine details. ==Further reading== * * Lozinski, B. Philip, review of Rheinische Goldschmiedekunst in Ottonischer Zeit by Emma Medding-Alp, The Art Bulletin, Vol. 36, No. 3 (Sep., 1954), pp. 238–240, JSTOR - a dissident view of Early Medieval jewelry ==Notes== ===References=== * * * * * ==External links== *Medieval Jewelry, Central European University Category:Jewellery Category:Medieval costume Category:Medieval European metalwork objects Category:Types of jewellery At the end of the Hallstatt period, around 600–500BC, swords were replaced with short daggers. By the end of the period, the types of personal jewellery worn by wealthy women were not very different from those found today, with rings, necklaces, brooches, lockets and (less often) earrings all popular. Most styles and techniques used in jewellery for personal adornment, the main subject of this article, were also used in pieces of decorated metalwork, which was the most prestigious form of art through most of this period; these were often much larger. During the Hallstatt period, the same swords were made both in bronze and in iron. The main material used for jewellery design in antiquity and leading into the Middle Ages was gold. The instep borer was a putative medieval German instrument of torture that externally resembled an iron boot. Large jewelled fibula brooches, worn singly (with a cloak) or in pairs (for many types of women's dress) on the chest were made in a number of forms based on Roman styles, as the barbarian peoples including the Visigoths, Ostrogoths, Franks, Anglo-Saxons and Lombards took over the territories of the Western Roman Empire. These swords also usually had an iron plate in front of the guard that was shaped to match the scabbard mouth. Although the introduction of the ironclad is clear-cut, the boundary between 'ironclad' and the later 'pre- dreadnought battleship' is less obvious, as the characteristics of the pre- dreadnought evolved from 1875 to 1895.

Iron maidens were commonly used during the Middle Ages

All of the above

None of the above

Iron maidens were never commonly used

Iron maidens were a common medieval torture device

D

What did humans evolve from?

Recent human evolution refers to evolutionary adaptation, sexual and natural selection, and genetic drift within Homo sapiens populations, since their separation and dispersal in the Middle Paleolithic about 50,000 years ago. The last common ancestor between humans and other apes possibly had a similar method of locomotion. 12-8 Ma The clade currently represented by humans and the genus Pan (chimpanzees and bonobos) splits from the ancestors of the gorillas between c. 12 to 8 Ma. 8-6 Ma Hominini: The latest common ancestor of humans and chimpanzees is estimated to have lived between roughly 10 to 5 million years ago. The evolutionary history of the primates can be traced back 57–90 million years.thumb|A cladogram illustrating the evolution of traits in some species of primates. For many years, it was assumed that primates had first evolved in Africa, and this assumption and the excavations that resulted from it yielded many early simian fossils that chronicled their evolution. The timeline of human evolution outlines the major events in the evolutionary lineage of the modern human species, Homo sapiens, throughout the history of life, beginning some 4 billion years ago down to recent evolution within H. sapiens during and since the Last Glacial Period. __TOC__ ==Late Miocene (7.2–5.5 million years old)== The chimpanzee–human divergence likely took place during about 10 to 7 million years ago."In effect, there is now no a priori reason to presume that human-chimpanzee split time are especially recent, and the fossil evidence is now fully compatible with older chimpanzee–human divergence dates [7 to 10 Ma]" The list of fossils begins with Graecopithecus, dated some 7.2 million years ago, which may or may not still be ancestral to both the human and the chimpanzee lineage. * (Note: this book contains very useful, information dense chapters on primate evolution in general, and human evolution in particular, including fossil history). Human origins may refer to:: * Anthropogeny, the study of human origins * Creation myth, a symbolic narrative of human origins * Human evolution, the phenotypic history of the genus Homo * Monogenism, a theory of human origins * Polygenism, a theory of human origins * Recent African origin of modern humans, location related human origins * Multiregional origin of modern humans, multi-location related human origins Ape to Man is a dramatised documentary on the scientific community's journey to find the missing link in human evolution, between our ancestors the apes and modern man today. ==Synopsis== Ape to Man: Theory of evolution is a dramatised documentary on the scientific community's attempts to find evidence of the missing link, between our ancestors the apes and modern man today. Genetic studies show that primates diverged from other mammals about , in the Late Cretaceous period, and the earliest fossils appear in the Paleocene, around . The following tables give an overview of notable finds of hominin fossils and remains relating to human evolution, beginning with the formation of the tribe Hominini (the divergence of the human and chimpanzee lineages) in the late Miocene, roughly 7 to 8 million years ago. For the earlier history of the human lineage, see Timeline of human evolution#Hominidae, Hominidae#Phylogeny. Within the superfamily Hominoidea (apes), the family Hominidae diverged from the family Hylobatidae (gibbons) some 15–20 million years ago; African great apes (subfamily Homininae) diverged from orangutans (Ponginae) about ; the tribe Hominini (humans, Australopithecines and other extinct biped genera, and chimpanzee) parted from the tribe Gorillini (gorillas) between and ; and, in turn, the subtribes Hominina (humans and biped ancestors) and Panina (chimpanzees) separated about to . * == Evolution of the pelvis == In primates, the pelvis consists of four parts—the left and the right hip bones which meet in the mid-line ventrally and are fixed to the sacrum dorsally and the coccyx. * (Note: this book contains very accessible descriptions of human and non-human primates, their evolution, and fossil history). * ==References== ===Bibliography=== * * * * * ==External links== * Interactive map of primate fossil finds around the world * Informative lecture on Australopithecines * The Age of Homo sapiens – Interactive Map of Human Evolution Fossils * Human Timeline (Interactive) – Smithsonian, National Museum of Natural History (August 2016). (Video lecture, 5:25) * How Humans are Shaping Our Own Evolution, National Geographic, D. T. Max, 2017 ==Further reading== * * * * Category:Biological anthropology Category:Holocene Category:Human evolution Category:Modern human genetic history Category:Upper Paleolithic The Origin of Our Species. David Begun has theorised that early primates flourished in Eurasia and that a lineage leading to the African apes and humans, including Dryopithecus, migrated south from Europe or Western Asia into Africa. Contrary to popular belief, not only are humans still evolving, their evolution since the dawn of agriculture is faster than ever before. Human evolution Category:Evolution- related timelines * Pierolapithecus catalaunicus is thought to be a common ancestor of humans and the other great apes, or at least a species that brings us closer to a common ancestor than any previous fossil discovery. Molecular evidence indicates that the lineage of gibbons (family Hylobatidae) diverged from Great Apes some 18–12 million years ago, and that of orangutans (subfamily Ponginae) diverged from the other Great Apes at about 12 million years; there are no fossils that clearly document the ancestry of gibbons, which may have originated in a so-far-unknown South East Asian hominoid population, but fossil proto-orangutans may be represented by Sivapithecus from India and Griphopithecus from Turkey, dated to around 10 million years ago. ==== Evolution of color vision ==== Some of the primates' vertebrate ancestors were tetrachromats, but their nocturnal mammalian ancestors lost two of their four cones during the Mesozoic. Paleobiology. 30 (4): 614. 14–12 Tribe Hominini Includes both Homo, Pan (chimpanzees), but not Gorilla. 10–8 Subtribe Hominina Genus Homo and close human relatives and ancestors after splitting from Pan—the hominins 8–4 (Genus) Ardipithecus s.l. 6-4 (Genus) Australopithecus 3 Genus Homo (H. habilis) Humans 2.5 (Species) H. erectus s.l. (Species) H. heidelbergensis s.l. Species Homo sapiens s.s. Anatomically modern humans 0.8–0.3depending on the classification of the Homo heidelbergensis lineage; 0.8 if Neanderthals are classed as H. sapiens neanderthalensis, or if H. sapiens is defined cladistically from the divergence from H. neanderthalensis, 0.3 based on the available fossil evidence. ==Timeline== ===Unicellular life=== Date Event 4.3-4.1 Ga The earliest life appears, possibly as protocells.

Apes evolved into humans and chimpanzees

Humans evolved from monkeys

Humans evolved from apes

Humans and apes evolved from a common ancestor

Humans evolved from chimpanzees

D

Is 91 a prime number?

* The numbers 97, 907, 9007, 90007 and 900007 are all primes, and they are all happy primes. It is a prime number and the only prime in the nineties. ==In mathematics== 97 is: * the 25th prime number (the largest two-digit prime number in base 10), following 89 and preceding 101\. * a Proth prime and a Pierpont prime as it is 3 × 25 + 1. * the eleventh member of the Mian–Chowla sequence. * a self number in base 10, since there is no integer that added to its own digits, adds up to 97. * the smallest odd prime that is not a cluster prime. * the highest two- digit number where the sum of its digits is a square. * the number of primes <= 29. 107 (one hundred [and] seven) is the natural number following 106 and preceding 108. ==In mathematics== 107 is the 28th prime number. 91 (ninety-one) is the natural number following 90 and preceding 92. ==In mathematics== 91 is: * the twenty-seventh distinct semiprime and the second of the form (7×q). * a triangular number. * a hexagonal number, one of the few such numbers to also be a centered hexagonal number. * a centered nonagonal number. * a centered cube number. * a square pyramidal number, being the sum of the squares of the first six integers. * the smallest positive integer expressible as a sum of two cubes in two different ways if negative roots are allowed (alternatively the sum of two cubes and the difference of two cubes): . 89 (eighty-nine) is the natural number following 88 and preceding 90. == In mathematics == 89 is: * the 24th prime number, following 83 and preceding 97. * a Chen prime. * a Pythagorean prime. * the smallest Sophie Germain prime to start a Cunningham chain of the first kind of six terms, {89, 179, 359, 719, 1439, 2879}. * an Eisenstein prime with no imaginary part and real part of the form . * a Fibonacci number and thus a Fibonacci prime as well. 94 (ninety-four) is the natural number following 93 and preceding 95. ==In mathematics== 94 is: *the twenty-ninth distinct semiprime and the fourteenth of the form (2.q). *the ninth composite number in the 43-aliquot tree. 97 (ninety-seven) is the natural number following 96 and preceding 98. 119 (one hundred [and] nineteen) is the natural number following 118 and preceding 120. == Mathematics == * 119 is a Perrin number, preceded in the sequence by 51, 68, 90 (it is the sum of the first two mentioned). * 119 is the sum of five consecutive primes (17 + 19 + 23 + 29 + 31). * 119 is the sum of seven consecutive primes (7 + 11 + 13 + 17 + 19 + 23 + 29). * 119 is a highly cototient number. * 119 is the order of the largest cyclic subgroups of the monster group.J. H. Conway et al.: Atlas of Finite Groups. * The only other ways to write 91 as a sum of distinct squares are: and * . * the smallest pseudoprime satisfying the congruence .Friedman, Erich. M89 is the 10th Mersenne prime. The next prime is 109, with which it comprises a twin prime, making 107 a Chen prime. It is the ninth emirp, because reversing its digits gives another prime number (701) ==In other fields== As "one hundred and seven", it is the smallest positive integer requiring six syllables in English (without the "and" it only has five syllables and seventy-seven is a smaller 5-syllable number). 107 is also: * The atomic number of bohrium. From MathWorld, a Wolfram Web Resource. http://mathworld.wolfram.com/196-Algorithm.html There are exactly 1000 prime numbers between 1 and 892. ==In science== Eighty-nine is: * The atomic number of actinium. ===In astronomy=== *Messier object M89, a magnitude 11.5 elliptical galaxy in the constellation Virgo. (Page 223) * 119 is the smallest composite number that is 1 less than a factorial (120 is 5!). * 119 is a semiprime, and the third in the {7×q} family. ==Telephony== * 119 is an emergency telephone number in some countries * A number to report youth at risk in FranceDescriptive website * 119 is the emergency number in Afghanistan that belongs to police and interior ministry. This implies that 91 is the second cabtaxi number. * the smallest positive integer expressible as a sum of six distinct squares: . The aliquot sum of 91 is 21 within the aliquot sequence (91,21,11,1,0). * a Riordan number. The decimal equivalent of the fraction can be obtained by using powers of 9. ==In science== * 91 is the atomic number of protactinium, an actinide. Plugged into the expression 2^p - 1, 107 yields 162259276829213363391578010288127, a Mersenne prime. 107 is itself a safe prime. What's Special About This Number? * a repdigit in base 9 (1119). * palindromic in bases 3 (101013), 9 (1119), and 12 (7712). * the fourth composite number in the 11-aliquot tree. * The number 107 is also associated with the Timbers Army supporters group of the Portland Timbers soccer team, in reference to the stadium seating section where the group originally congregated. ==See also== * List of highways numbered 107 == References == Category:Integers * Psalm 91 is known as the Psalm of Protection. * 91 is a solitaire card game where the object is to move cards, so the top cards total 91. However, 9000007 (read as nine million seven) is composite and has the factorisation 277 × 32491. * an emirp * an isolated prime, since 95 and 99 aren't prime. ==In science== Ninety-seven is: * The atomic number of berkelium, an actinide. ===In astronomy=== * Messier object M97, a magnitude 12.0 planetary nebula in the constellation Ursa Major, also known as the Owl Nebula * The New General Catalogue object NGC 97, an elliptical galaxy in the constellation Andromeda ==In other fields== Ninety- seven is: * The 97th United States Congress met during the Ronald Reagan administration, from January 1981 to January 1983 * The 10-97 police code means "arrived on the scene" * STS-97 Space Shuttle Endeavour mission launched November 30, 2000 * The 97th Infantry Division was a unit of the United States Army in World War I and World War II * Madden NFL 97 was the first John Madden NFL American football game to be created in the 32-bit gaming era * Radio stations broadcasting on frequencies near 97, such as Hot 97, New York City and 97X, Tampa, Florida * The decimal unicode number representing the Latin lowercase "a" ==In music== * A song "Baby Boy / Saturday Night '97" by Whigfield * The number of the Southern Railway train in the Wreck of the Old 97, a ballad recorded by numerous artists, including Flatt and Scruggs, Woody Guthrie, Johnny Cash, Nine Pound Hammer, and Hank Snow.

All of the above

No, 91 is not a prime number

None of the above

Yes, 91 is a prime number

Yes, 91 is a prime number

B

What are the health benefits of pink Himalayan salt?

Nutritionally, Himalayan salt is similar to common table salt. Due mainly to marketing costs, pink Himalayan salt is up to 20 times more expensive than table salt or sea salt. Although a study of pink salts commercially available in Australia showed Himalayan salt to contain higher levels of a range of elements, including calcium, iron, magnesium, manganese, potassium, aluminum, barium, silicon, and sulfur, and reduced levels of sodium, compared to table salt, the authors concluded that "exceedingly high intake" (a level in excess of the recommended daily salt intake by almost 600%) would be required for the differences to be clinically significant, levels at which any potential nutritional benefit would be outweighed by the risks of elevated sodium consumption such an intake would entail. Himalayan salt lacks these beneficial effects of iodine supplementation. left|thumb|Salt lamp ==Uses== Himalayan salt is used to flavor food. Pink salt may refer to: * Any salt that is pink in color * Himalayan salt, a form of salt used in cooking or in bath products * Alaea salt, an unrefined Hawaiian sea salt used in cooking or in rituals * Curing salt, containing sodium nitrite and sodium chloride, used in the curing of meats The salt, which often has a pinkish tint due to trace minerals, is primarily used as a food additive to replace refined table salt but is also used for cooking and food presentation, decorative lamps and spa treatments. The product is often promoted with unsupported claims that it has health benefits. == Geology== thumb|left|Himalayan salt Himalayan salt is mined from the Salt Range mountains, the southern edge of a fold-and-thrust belt that underlies the Pothohar Plateau south of the Himalayas in Pakistan. In humans, salt has important biological functions. The impurities giving it its distinctive pink hue, as well as its unprocessed state and lack of anti-caking agents, have given rise to the unsupported belief that it is healthier than common table salt. Himalayan salt 120px Rock A rock salt with a pink color, mined in Pakistan. thumb|Table salt Salt consumption has been extensively studied for its role in human physiology and impact on human health. Commercial table salt in many countries is supplemented with iodine, and this has significantly reduced disorders of iodine deficiency. Relevant to risk of cardiovascular disease, salt is highly involved with the maintenance of body fluid volume, including osmotic balance in the blood, extracellular and intracellular fluids, and resting membrane potential. In people with chronic kidney disease, including those on dialysis, there is high-certainty evidence that dietary salt restriction may help to lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure, as well as albuminuria. Similar scientifically unsupported claims underlie use of Himalayan salt to line the walls of spas, along with its use for salt- inhalation spa treatments. It has also been suggested that salt substitutes can be used to provide an essential portion of daily potassium intake, and may even be more economical than prescription potassium supplements. The salt contains calcium and magnesium and has a relatively mild taste. thumb|Himalayan salt (coarse) Himalayan salt is rock salt (halite) mined from the Punjab region of Pakistan. The use of salts with minerals such as natural salts have also been tested, but like salt substitutes partially containing potassium, mineral salts produce a bitter taste above certain levels. ==See also== * Salt * Hypertension * Cardiovascular Disease ==References== Category:Health effects of food and nutrition Category:Edible salt Category:Cardiovascular diseases Category:Hypertension Category:Blood pressure It is also known as "Himalayan black salt." Edible salts, also known as table salts, are generally derived from mining (rock salt) or evaporation (including sea salt). It is also used to make "salt lamps" that radiate a pinkish or orangish hue, manufactured by placing a light source within the hollowed-out interior of a block of Himalayan salt.

Pink Himalayan salt contains large quantities of essential minerals

Himalayan salt has the same health benefits as table salt

Pink Himalayan salt contains minerals that regulate your blood sugar

Pink Himalayan salt reduces signs of aging

Pink Himalayan salt improves sleep quality

B

What are the downsides to using antiperspirant?

In theory, anticarcinogens may act via different mechanisms including enhancement of natural defences against cancer, deactivation of carcinogens, and blocking the mechanisms by which carcinogens act (such as free radical damage to DNA). Interest in anticarcinogens is motivated primarily by the principle that it is preferable to prevent disease (preventive medicine) than to have to treat it (rescue medicine). Underarm liners are an alternative to antiperspirants. However, it also increased their risk of breast cancer. An anticarcinogen (also known as a carcinopreventive agent) is a substance that counteracts the effects of a carcinogen or inhibits the development of cancer. Beginning in the mid-1990s, a number of studies suggested an increased risk of breast cancer in both active smokers and those exposed to secondhand smoke compared to women who reported no exposure to secondhand smoke. The relative risk reduction was up to 50% of new breast cancers, though the cancers prevented were more likely estrogen-receptor positive (this is analogous to the effect of finasteride on the prevention of prostate cancer, in which only low-grade prostate cancers were prevented). "Molecular Basis of Breast Cancer: Prevention and Treatment," Springer, 2003 The likely reason that the older studies of active smoking did not detect risks associated with smoking was that they compared active smokers to all nonsmokers (which includes many passive smokers). If these effects found in rodents carry over to humans, even minimal exposure to BPA could cause an increased risk for breast cancer. For breast cancer, the list of environmental risk factors includes the individual person's development, exposure to microbes, "medical interventions, dietary exposures to nutrients, energy and toxicants, ionizing radiation, and chemicals from industrial and agricultural processes and from consumer products...reproductive choices, energy balance, adult weight gain, body fatness, voluntary and involuntary physical activity, medical care, exposure to tobacco smoke and alcohol, and occupational exposures, including shift work" as well as "metabolic and physiologic processes that modify the body's internal environment." It also increased the risk of breast cancer in the prenatally exposed daughters after they have reached an age 40 years. ==Factors in the physical environment== According to a review, the main mechanisms by which environmental compounds increase breast cancer risk are acting like hormones, especially estrogen, or affecting susceptibility to carcinogenesis. There are several conditions of or affecting the human integumentary system that are associated with an increased risk of developing nonmelanoma skin cancer (i.e. squamous-cell carcinoma and basal-cell carcinoma). A substantial and growing body of evidence indicates that exposures to certain toxic chemicals and hormone-mimicking compounds including chemicals used in pesticides, cosmetics and cleaning products contribute to the development of breast cancer. A study done by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health including 7,576 women found a direct correlation between breast cancer rates and exposure to ethylene oxide during medical sterilization processes. Risk factors for breast cancer may be divided into preventable and non- preventable. Early antiperspirants eventually included creams, solids, pads, dabbers, roll-ons, and powders. Anticarcinogens are different from anticarcinoma agents (also known as anticancer or anti-neoplastic agents) in that anticarcinoma agents are used to selectively destroy or inhibit cancer cells after cancer has developed. The studies have found that these risk factors become less material as a woman reaches menopause, i.e. that they affect risk of breast cancer prior to menopause but not after it. Overall, however, evidence is still based on a relatively small number of studies. ===Xenoestrogens=== Many xenoestrogens (industrially made estrogenic compounds) are endocrine disruptors, and potential risk factors of breast cancer. Multiple studies point to a correlation between benzene exposure and breast cancer risk. The newer studies, which exclude passive smokers from the control group, generally show elevated risks associated with active as well as passive smoking. ====Passive smoking==== Breathing secondhand smoke increases breast cancer risk by 70% in younger, primarily pre-menopausal women. Because it requires breaking the skin barrier, tattooing carries inherent health risks, including infection and allergic reactions.

Antiperspirants may irritate sensitive skin

None of the above

Antiperspirants may cause cancer

Antiperspirants may cause Alzheimer's disease

Antiperspirants are linked to breast cancer

A

What happens if you cross your eyes for too long?

If a shield patch is applied to one eye, the other eye should also be patched due to eye movement. If the uninjured eye moves, the injured eye will also move involuntarily possibly causing more damage. ===Suturing=== In cases of eyelid laceration, sutures may be a part of appropriate management by the primary care physician so long as the laceration does not threaten the canaliculi, is not deep, and does not affect the lid margins. ==Epidemiology== A recent study estimated that from 2002–2003 there were 27,152 injuries in the United States related to the wearing of eyeglasses. Physical or chemical injuries of the eye can be a serious threat to vision if not treated appropriately and in a timely fashion. Retinopathy is any damage to the retina of the eyes, which may cause vision impairment. It includes 1)Penetrating trauma: the globe integrity is disrupted by a full- thickness entry wound and may be associated with prolapse of the internal contents of the eye. Symptoms are usually not painful and can include: * Vitreous hemorrhage * Floaters, or small objects that drift through the field of vision * Decreased visual acuity * "Curtain falling" over eyes ==Pathophysiology== The development of retinopathy can be broken down into proliferative and non-proliferative types. This includes penetrating globe injuries; corneal abrasions or corneal foreign bodies; hyphema (must be referred); eyelid lacerations that are deep, involve the lid margin or involve the lacrimal canaliculi; radiant energy burns such as arc eye (welder's burn) or snow blindness; or, rarely, traumatic optic neuropathy. ===Semi-urgent=== Semi-urgent cases must be managed within 1–2 days. Flicking sand, flying pieces of wood, metal, glass and stone are notorious for causing much of the eye trauma. These infections can cause blindness within 24 – 48 hours and there is a possibility that the infection can move into the peri-orbital socket, resulting in the need for evisceration of the eyeball. Cross-linking may refer to *Cross-link, a chemical bond of one polymer chain to another *Corneal collagen cross-linking, a parasurgical treatment for corneal ectasia and keratoconus About 5.3 million cases of foreign bodies in the eyes occurred in 2013. ==Presentation== ===Complications=== Multiple complications are known to occur following eye injury: corneal scarring, hyphema, iridodialysis, post-traumatic glaucoma, uveitis cataract, vitreous hemorrhage and retinal detachment. This is a quite severe type of eye injury. The most obvious presentation of ocular (eye) injuries is redness and pain of the affected eyes. Crossed out may refer to: *Strikethrough, lines or crosses drawn over text ~~like this~~ *Crossed Out, a band Five Across the Eyes may refer to: * Five Across the Eyes (album), a 1999 album by Iniquity * Five Across the Eyes (film), a suspense/horror film directed by Greg Swinson and Ryan Thiessen Although eyeglasses-related injuries do occur, prescription eyeglasses and non-prescription sunglasses have been found to "offer measurable protection which results in a lower incidence of severe eye injuries to those wearing [them]". ==See also== * Black eye * Chemical eye injury * United States Eye Injury Registry * Wilderness medical emergencies ==References== Category:Eye injury Based on the injury to the eyewall (outer fibrous coat of the eye consisting of cornea and sclera) *Closed globe injury: the eye globe is intact, but the seven rings of the eye have been classically described as affected by blunt trauma. Road traffic accidents (RTAs) with head and facial trauma may also have an eye injury - these are usually severe in nature with multiple lacerations, shards of glasses embedded in tissues, orbital fractures, severe hematoma and penetrating open-globe injuries with prolapse of eye contents. There are three main mechanisms of damage in non-proliferative retinopathy: blood vessel damage or remodeling, direct retinal damage, or occlusion of the blood vessels. Types include contusion and lamellar laceration * Open globe injury: there is a full thickness injury of the eye wall (cornea and sclera) It includes A) Globe rupture: caused by blunt trauma and is an inside-out injury. Depending on the medical history and preliminary examination, the primary care physician should designate the eye injury as a true emergency, urgent or semi-urgent. ===Classification === thumb|Eye injury by impact of small plastic body|alt=A blue eye shown with iris partially moved into the pupil from the outside edge. The body responds by trying to increase blood flow to damaged retinal tissues.

If you cross your eyes for too long, they will get stuck that way

All of the above

If you cross your eyes for too long, your eyes might feel fatigued

If you cross your eyes for too long, they will become permanently crossed

If you cross your eyes for too long, you will permanently damage them

C

What happens if you go outdoors in cold weather?

Rhinovirus-caused colds are most infectious during the first three days of symptoms; they are much less infectious afterwards. ===Weather=== A common misconception is that one can "catch a cold" merely through prolonged exposure to cold weather. Environmental factors such as indoor air pollution, exposure to smoke, and crowded living conditions increase susceptibility to contracting pneumonia. Infections occur more commonly during the winter. Pneumonia can be classified in several ways, most commonly by where it was acquired (hospital versus community), but may also by the area of lung affected or by the causative organism. The symptoms are mostly due to the body's immune response to the infection rather than to tissue destruction by the viruses themselves.Eccles p. 112 The symptoms of influenza are similar to those of a cold, although usually more severe and less likely to include a runny nose. While a cough and a fever indicate a higher likelihood of influenza in adults, a great deal of similarity exists between these two conditions.Eccles p. 26 A number of the viruses that cause the common cold may also result in asymptomatic infections.Eccles p. 129Eccles p. 50 The color of the mucus or nasal secretion may vary from clear to yellow to green and does not indicate the class of agent causing the infection.Eccles p. 30 ===Progression=== Cold symptoms over time|thumb A cold usually begins with fatigue, a feeling of being chilled, sneezing, and a headache, followed in a couple of days by a runny nose and cough. Other illnesses can also worsen the chances of developing pneumonia, such as malaria, which is commonly seen in Africa and South Asia. Although it is now known that colds are viral infections, the prevalence of many such viruses are indeed seasonal, occurring more frequently during cold weather.Eccles p. 79 The reason for the seasonality has not been conclusively determined. Climate change may lead to dramatic increases in prevalence of a variety of infectious diseases. While the majority of these pathogens are bacteria, it is possible for multiple pathogens to infect at once and cause pneumonia. == Community-acquired pneumonia == Community acquired pneumonia is the source of most pneumonia cases and is categorized as cases of pneumonia developed outside of the hospital or medical facilities. Because individuals with hospital-acquired pneumonia usually have underlying illnesses and are exposed to more dangerous bacteria, it tends to be more deadly than community-acquired pneumonia. These infections have existed throughout human history. ==Signs and symptoms== thumb|upright=1|Woman with symptoms of the common cold The typical symptoms of a cold include cough, runny nose, sneezing, nasal congestion, and a sore throat, sometimes accompanied by muscle ache, fatigue, headache, and loss of appetite.Eccles p. 24 A sore throat is present in about 40% of cases, a cough in about 50%, and muscle ache likewise in about 50%. Although normal exposure to cold does not increase one's risk of infection, severe exposure leading to significant reduction of body temperature (hypothermia) may put one at a greater risk for the common cold; although controversial, the majority of evidence suggests that it may increase susceptibility to infection. ===Other=== Herd immunity, generated from previous exposure to cold viruses, plays an important role in limiting viral spread, as seen with younger populations that have greater rates of respiratory infections. A retrospective time-series study performed in Hong Kong found that hospitalizations for pneumonia among children were significantly higher during and following periods of very hot or cool outdoor temperatures when compared with periods of more moderate temperatures. == Prevention and treatments == A protect, prevent, and treat plan has been created by WHO and UNICEF as an intervention strategy for dealing with pneumonia worldwide. Occasionally, those with other health problems may develop pneumonia. This is useful because chronic pneumonias tend to be either non-infectious, or mycobacterial, fungal, or mixed bacterial infections caused by airway obstruction. The cough is usually mild compared to that accompanying influenza. Pneumonia can be acquired from different sources such as in hospitals, the community, or through use of ventilators. The causes, microbiology, treatment and prognosis are different from those of community-acquired pneumonia. The common cold or the cold is a viral infectious disease of the upper respiratory tract that primarily affects the respiratory mucosa of the nose, throat, sinuses, and larynx. That is why malaria is unsustainable in places with cool winters. Hospitalized patients may have many risk factors for pneumonia, including mechanical ventilation, prolonged malnutrition, underlying heart and lung diseases, decreased amounts of stomach acid, and immune disturbances.

All of the above

If you go outdoors in cold weather, you will catch the flu

If you go outdoors in cold weather, you will catch a cold

Nothing in particular happens if you go outdoors in cold weather

If you go outdoors in cold weather, you will catch pneumonia

D

What happens if you lift your arms above your head during pregnancy?

The body's posture changes as the pregnancy progresses. In this maneuver the anterior shoulder is pushed towards the baby's chest, and the posterior shoulder is pushed towards the baby's back, making the baby's head somewhat face the mother's rectum. thumb|alt=a fetus is depicted head-down and facing the mother's spine. |Normal fetal position (occiput anterior); back labour may occur if the fetus faces the opposite direction (occiput posterior). thumb|alt=A woman kneeling in three different positions: with pillows; with pillows and a chair; with a birth ball |Back labor can be painful. right|thumb|Pelvis and back body posture during pregnancy Maternal physiological changes in pregnancy are the adaptations that take place during pregnancy that enable the accommodation of the developing embryo and fetus. Shoulder dystocia is when, after vaginal delivery of the head, the baby's anterior shoulder gets caught above the mother's pubic bone. Whether left or the right shoulder becomes the posterior shoulder is dependent upon the original position of the fetus. The technique is effective in about 42% of cases; * Suprapubic pressure (or Rubin I); * Rubin II or posterior pressure on the anterior shoulder, which would bring the baby into an oblique position with the head somewhat towards the vagina; File:ShoulderDystociaFig1.jpg|Step 1: Index and middle fingers insertion with the hand opposite the baby's face File:ShoulderDystociaFig2.jpg|Step 2: Baby's head slightly tilted downward with the free hand File:ShoulderDystociaFig3.jpg|Step 3: Two fingers are placed on the humerus like a splint File:ShoulderDystociaFig4.jpg|Step 4: Baby's hand appears under the maternal pubic symphysis, allowing the anterior arm to be delivered * Wood's screw maneuver which leads to turning the anterior shoulder to the posterior and vice versa (somewhat the opposite of Rubin II maneuver); * Jacquemier's maneuver (also called Barnum's maneuver), or delivery of the posterior shoulder first, in which the forearm and hand are identified in the birth canal, and gently pulled; * Gaskin maneuver involves moving the mother to an all fours position with the back arched, widening the pelvic outlet. If these are not effective, efforts to manually rotate the baby's shoulders or placing the woman on all fours may be tried. thumb|William Sears advises mothers to carry their baby on the body as often as possible. During pregnancy numerous hormones and proteins are secreted that also have a broad range of effects. ==Hormonal== Pregnant women experience numerous adjustments in their endocrine system that help support the developing fetus. This occurs when the baby's shoulder is obstructed by the maternal pelvis. ===Complications=== thumb|upright=1.3|Fracture of both clavicles as a result of shoulder dystocia (top) – Post healing (bottom) One complication of shoulder dystocia is damage to the upper brachial plexus nerves. While the idea of "waddling" cannot be dispensed, these results suggest that exercise and conditioning may help relieve these injuries. ==Respiratory== There are many physiologic changes that occur during pregnancy that influence respiratory status and function. This distinction between the anterior and the posterior shoulder is important as the anterior shoulder is delivered first. == See also == * Anterior shoulder * Fetal relationship * Mechanism of vaginal birth * Shoulder dystocia == References == Category:Presentations and positions in childbirth Category:Obstetrics Category:Midwifery Thus, the posterior shoulder faces the rectum of the mother during delivery. Complications for the baby may include brachial plexus injury, or clavicle fracture. More drastic maneuvers include: * Zavanelli's maneuver, which involves pushing the baby's head back in (internal cephalic replacement) followed by a cesarean section; * Intentional causing clavicular fractures, which reduces the diameter of the shoulders that requires to pass through the birth canal; * Maternal symphysiotomy, which makes the opening of the birth canal laxer by breaking the connective tissue between the two pubes bones; * Abdominal rescue, described by O'Shaughnessy, where a hysterotomy facilitates vaginal delivery of the impacted shoulder. ==Epidemiology== Shoulder dystocia occurs in about 0.15% to 4% of term vaginal births. ==References== == External links == * GLOWM video showing management of shoulder dystocia Category:Complications of labour and delivery Category:Medical mnemonics Category:Wikipedia medicine articles ready to translate If this maneuver does not succeed, an assistant applies pressure on the lower abdomen (suprapubic pressure), and the delivered head is also gently pulled. Posterior shoulder in obstetrics refers to the shoulder of the fetus other than the anterior shoulder. When a female arches her lower back, such as during fetal loading, having an extra dorsally wedged vertebra lessens the shearing force. This involves asking for the help of an obstetrician, anesthesia, and for pediatrics for subsequent resuscitation of the infant that may be needed if the methods below fail; * L hyperflexion and abduction at the hips (McRoberts maneuver); * Anterior shoulder disimpaction (suprapubic pressure); * Rotation of the shoulder (Rubin maneuver); * M delivery of posterior arm; * Episiotomy; * Roll over on all fours. Wood's screw maneuver is practiced in obstetrics when dealing with shoulder dystocia – a condition in which the fetal shoulders cannot easily pass through the vagina. To compensate for these gait deviations, pregnant women often make adaptations that can result in musculoskeletal injuries.

None of the above

Nothing in particular happens if you lift your arms above your head during pregnancy

If you lift your arms above your head during pregnancy, the umbilical cord will strangle the baby

If you lift your arms above your head during pregnancy, the umbilical cord will get wrapped around the baby's neck

If you lift your arms above your head during pregnancy, you will harm the baby

B

What terrorism-related incident happened at Bowling Green, Kentucky?

The Bowling Green massacre is a fictitious incident of Islamic terrorism mentioned by Kellyanne Conway, then–Counselor to the President of Donald Trump, in interviews with Cosmopolitan and TMZ on January 29, 2017, and in an interview on the MSNBC news program Hardball with Chris Matthews on February 2, 2017. It provoked widespread press reaction, with many relating it to Conway's earlier use of the phrase "alternative facts" to describe false statements by White House Press Secretary Sean Spicer in the wake of Trump's inauguration. ==Background== ===Terrorism-related arrests=== thumb|Bowling Green, Kentucky, the city Conway named as the attack site In 2011, two Iraqi men who had entered the country as refugees were arrested in Bowling Green, Kentucky, on federal terrorism charges after they attempted to send both money and weapons to al-Qaeda in Iraq. The Curtis Culwell Center attack was a failed terrorist attack on an exhibit featuring cartoon images of Muhammad at the Curtis Culwell Center in Garland, Texas on May 3, 2015, which ended in a shootout with police guarding the event, and the deaths of the two perpetrators. Three days later, on February 2, in an interview with Chris Matthews on MSNBC's Hardball with Chris Matthews, Conway described the "Bowling Green massacre" as an attack of terrorism carried out within the United States by refugees. A day later, on January 31, two days before the Hardball interview with Conway, Kentucky senator Rand Paul referenced the 2011 case in an interview with MSNBC by mentioning "the possibility or the attempted bombing in Bowling Green, Kentucky, where I live". The mayor of Bowling Green, Kentucky, issued a statement clarifying that "there was no massacre in Bowling Green", adding that he understood "how during a live interview one can misspeak and we appreciate the clarification". The 17 August 2005 Baghdad bombings was a terrorist attack that occurred when three powerful car bombs ripped through civilian targets in central Baghdad, killing 43 people and injuring 76. ==References== Category:2005 murders in Iraq Category:21st-century mass murder in Iraq Category:Terrorist incidents in Iraq in 2005 Category:Terrorist incidents in Baghdad Category:Car and truck bombings in Iraq Category:Mass murder in 2005 Category:2000s in Baghdad Category:August 2005 events in Iraq That day, she said in a text exchange, "Frankly they were terrorists in Bowling Green but their massacre took place in Iraq." On 4 December 2013, a series of coordinated attacks took place in central and northern Iraq, with the biggest assault taking place at a government building and an adjacent shopping mall in Kirkuk. This is a timeline of incidents in 2004 that have been labelled as "terrorism" and are not believed to have been carried out by a government or its forces (see state terrorism and state-sponsored terrorism). ==List guidelines== * To be included, entries must be notable (have a stand-alone article) and described by a consensus of reliable sources as "terrorism". Islamist insurgents Iraq War August 15 18 40 Dhemaji, India 2004 Dhemaji school bombing: 18 people, mostly children and their mothers, were killed when a bomb exploded outside Dhemaji College where they had gathered for an independence day parade. Al-Qaeda in Iraq Iraq War ==March== Total incidents: Date Type Dead Injured Location Details Perpetrator Part of March 2 Suicide bombing 4 (+1) 50+ Karachi, Pakistan 2006 attack on U.S. consulate in Karachi: Bombing kills four, including a U.S. diplomat.CNN: 4 dead, dozens wounded in attack near U.S. Consulate in Karachi, March 3, 2006 Islamist cell March 3 Vehicle attack 0 9 North Carolina, United States 2006 UNC SUV attack: An Iranian-American named Mohammed Reza Taheri-azar drove an SUV onto the campus of University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and hit nine people. This is a timeline of incidents in 2006 that have been labelled as terrorism and are not believed to have been carried out by a government or its forces (see state terrorism and state-sponsored terrorism). == Guidelines == * To be included, entries must be notable (have a stand-alone article) and described by a consensus of reliable sources as "terrorism". Bombings in Muqdadiyah and Yathrib killed a civilian and injured 6 others. ==Reactions and aftermath== * - The Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant took responsibility for the attack on a jihadist forum, saying that their fighters "carried out the order to invade the house of the unbelievers by raiding the headquarters of the intelligence in Kirkuk". There have been two terrorist attacks in Atlanta: the 1996 Centennial Olympic Park bombing, which was committed by domestic terrorist Eric Rudolph, and the 1958 Hebrew Benevolent Congregation Temple bombing. Islamist insurgents Iraq War == October == Total incidents: Date Dead Injured Location Description Perpetrators Part of October 2 30 _100_ Dimapur, Nagaland, India 2004 Dimapur bombings: Two powerful bombs were set off simultaneously—one at the Dimapur railway station and the other at the Hong Kong Market resulting in thirty deaths and wounding over hundred others. Footage showing the raid was released by TurkmenEli TV on YouTube. ===Other incidents=== Several other attacks took place around Iraq on the same day, including a separate bombing in Kirkuk that injured 4 civilians. In a March 2017 interview with New York, Conway said she intended to say "Bowling Green masterminds" rather than "Bowling Green massacre", in reference to "would-be terrorists who were apprehended before they staged an attack". ==Reactions== The video clip of Conway's "massacre" statement went viral online, with the phrase becoming the top trending topic on Twitter. Lashkar-e-Jhangvi Sectarianism in Pakistan March 9 1 (+1) 6 Istanbul, Turkey March 9, 2004 attack on Istanbul restaurant: Two suicide bombers blew themselves up outside a Masonic lodge in the Kartal neighborhood, killing one person and injuring five others. Lashkar-e-Taiba Kashmir conflict ==May== Total incidents: Date Type Dead Injured Location Details Perpetrator Part of ==June== Total incidents: Date Type Dead Injured Location Details Perpetrator Part of June 2 Terrorism plot 0 0 Ontario, Canada 2006 Ontario terrorism plot: Eighteen people are arrested on suspicion of planning terror attacks in Ottawa and Toronto. Two people were killed and twenty-two wounded in this and the other attack in the same neighborhood. The changes in visa verification were temporary, and some Iraqi refugees continued to be admitted to the United States throughout the period. ===Similar possible misstatements=== In September 2014, on Fox News Sunday, U.S. Representative Peter King of New York referred to the 2011 arrest of Iraqi nationals in Kentucky as an attempt to "attack either Fort Campbell or Fort Knox".

There was a terrorist attack at Bowling Green, Kentucky

Bowling Green was the site of an Iraqi terror attack

None of the above

Two Iraqi men were arrested at Bowling Green after attempting to send money and weapons to al-Qaeda

The Bowling Green massacre happened at Bowling Green, Kentucky

D

During the U.S. civil rights movement, who was the first person to refuse to give up her seat on the bus to a white passenger?

When Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat for a white person, she was sitting in the first row of the middle section. The actual bus on which Rosa Parks sat was made available for the public to board and sit in the seat that Rosa Parks refused to give up. Parks was not the first person to resist bus segregation, but the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) believed that she was the best candidate for seeing through a court challenge after her arrest for civil disobedience in violating Alabama segregation laws, and she helped inspire the Black community to boycott the Montgomery buses for over a year. On March 2, 1955, Colvin was handcuffed, arrested, and forcibly removed from a public bus when she refused to give up her seat to a white man. The protest that arose around the Taylor case was the first instance of a nationwide civil rights protest, and it laid the groundwork for the Montgomery bus boycott. thumb|A diagram showing where Rosa Parks sat in the unreserved section at the time of her arrest In 1955, Parks completed a course in "Race Relations" at the Highlander Folk School in Tennessee, where nonviolent civil disobedience had been discussed as a tactic. While all of the other black people in her row complied, Parks refused, and was arrested for failing to obey the driver's seat assignments, as city ordinances did not explicitly mandate segregation but did give the bus driver authority to assign seats. The following events occurred in December 1955: ==December 1, 1955 (Thursday)== *In Montgomery, Alabama, USA, Rosa Parks refuses to obey bus driver James F. Blake's order that she give up her seat to make room for a white passenger and is arrested, leading to the Montgomery bus boycott. ==December 2, 1955 (Friday)== *Edgar Faure dissolves France's National Assembly under Article 51 of the country's Constitution. While all of the other black people in her row complied, Parks refused, and she was arrested for failing to obey the driver's seat assignments, as city ordinances did not explicitly mandate segregation but did give the bus driver authority to assign seats. Rosa Louise McCauley Parks (February 4, 1913 – October 24, 2005) was an American activist in the civil rights movement best known for her pivotal role in the Montgomery bus boycott. Virginia, the earlier Baton Rouge bus boycott, and the arrest of Claudette Colvin, among others, for refusing to give up her seat on a Montgomery bus. === Previous transport and Bus boycotts in the United States === In 1841 Frederick Douglass and his friend James N. Buffum entered a train car reserved for white passengers in Lynn, Massachusetts, when the conductor ordered them to leave the car, they refused. David Garrow wrote, "Mrs. [Rosa] Parks once told ... how she had been physically thrown off a bus some ten years earlier when, after paying her fare at the front of the bus, she had refused to get off and reenter by the back door -- a custom often inflicted on black riders." Rosa Parks' action gained notoriety leading to the Montgomery bus boycott, which was a seminal event in the civil rights movement, and was a political and social protest campaign against the policy of racial segregation on the public transit system of Montgomery, Alabama. The 381-day boycott almost bankrupted the bus company and effectively made segregation in buses unconstitutional and illegal. ==See also== * Rosa Parks Day * Claudette Colvin, who, nine months before Parks, refused to give up her seat on a Montgomery bus and was arrested ==References== Category:Public holidays in the United States Category:February observances Category:State holidays in the United States Category:Birthdays As a result of this segregation, African Americans were not hired as drivers, were forced to ride in the back of the bus, and were frequently ordered to surrender their seats to white people even though black passengers made up 75% of the bus system's riders. Parks was deeply saddened and angry at the news, particularly because Till's case had garnered much more attention than any of the cases she and the Montgomery NAACP had worked on—and yet, the two men still walked free. ==Parks arrest and bus boycott== thumb|The seat layout on the bus where Parks sat, December 1, 1955 ===Montgomery buses: law and prevailing customs=== In 1900, Montgomery had passed a city ordinance to segregate bus passengers by race. If other black people boarded the bus, they were required to stand. Transport and bus boycotts in the United States were protests against the racial segregation of transport services before the passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Act, which outlawed forms of discrimination. ==Frederick Douglass and James N. Buffum== In 1841, abolitionist Frederick Douglass and his friend James N. Buffum entered a train car reserved for white passengers in Lynn, Massachusetts. * Williams, Juan, Eyes on The Prize: America's Civil Rights Years, 1954-1965 (New York: Penguin Books, 1988). ==External links== * Alabama Civil Rights Collection – Jack Rabin Collection on Alabama Civil Rights and Southern Activists, at Pennsylvania State University, includes oral history interviews and materials concerning Montgomery Bus Boycott * Montgomery Bus Boycott article, Encyclopedia of Alabama * Montgomery Bus Boycott – Story of Montgomery Bus Boycott * Encyclopedia entry on the Montgomery Bus Boycott – Includes cross-referenced text, historical documents and streaming audio, presented by the King Research Institute at Stanford University * The Montgomery Bus Boycott – African-American History * Montgomery Bus Boycott – Civil Rights Movement Archive * Learning From Rosa Parks, The Indypendent * Montgomery Bus Boycott – Presented by the Montgomery Advertiser * Civil Rights Era Mug Shots, Montgomery County Sheriff's Office, Alabama Department of Archives & History * Martin Luther King and the "Montgomery Story" Comic Book – 1956 * Montgomery Bus Boycott Documents Online collection of original boycott documents and articles by participants – Civil Rights Movement Archive. If another white person boarded the bus, then everyone in the black row nearest the front had to get up and stand so that a new row for white people could be created; it was illegal for white and black people to sit next to each other. The boycott ended after eight days when an agreement was reached to only retain the first two front and back rows as racially reserved seating. ===Arrest of Claudette Colvin=== Black activists had begun to build a case to challenge state bus segregation laws around the arrest of 15-year-old Claudette Colvin, a student at Booker T. Washington High School in Montgomery. Gayle, took effect, and led to a United States Supreme Court decision that declared the Alabama and Montgomery laws requiring segregated buses to be unconstitutional.Montgomery Bus Boycott ~ Civil Rights Movement Archive Many important figures in the civil rights movement took part in the boycott, including Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. and Ralph Abernathy. On December 1, 1955, in Montgomery, Alabama, Parks rejected bus driver James F. Blake's order to vacate a row of four seats in the "colored" section in favor of a White passenger, once the "White" section was filled.

Rosa Parks was the first person to refuse to give up her seat on the bus to a white passenger

Claudette Colvin was the first person to refuse to give up her seat on the bus to a white passenger

All of the above

Rosa Parks was the first person to refuse to give up her seat on the bus to a white passenger

None of the above

B

What did ninjas historically wear?

* During the Algerian Civil War, the government's commando units were known as "Ninja" because of their black hoods. The Ninjas were a militia in the Republic of the Congo, which participated in numerous wars and insurgencies in the 1990s and 2000s. Ninja often appear as stock characters in Japanese popular culture and in global popular culture. ==History== The ninja first entered popular culture in the Edo period. It was during this period in the early-to-mid-1980s that ninjas became a global phenomenon. The Ninja diet was a form of military rations historically consumed by ninjas. Many forms of ninja-themed merchandise were sold across North America during the early-to-mid-1980s, with American children replacing cowboy costumes for ninja costumes. By the mid-1960s, there were numerous popular ninja-themed media produced in Japan and it became popular for Japanese children to wear ninja costumes. Murasaki Zukin () Despite the hooded costume, "Murasaki Zukin" ("The Purple Hood"), like "Kurama Tengu" and "Kaiketsu Kurozukin", is not a ninja, but rather a "Zorro" type of character. 1957 etc... Ninja militiamen wore the colour purple (symbolizing suffering), and had their hair in dreadlocks. Karuta armor was worn by all classes of samurai, even the foot soldiers (ashigaru). The militia was named after the ninjas of feudal Japan. As many as 150-300 “sorcerers” were killed between February and October, with the most deaths occurring between August and September. ===Armed groups=== Several real life paramilitary, police and militia groups use the names "Ninja" or "Ninjas": * The Santomean special-police force of the Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe, officially known as the Emergency Police, are popularly known as Ninja. In the history of Japan, ninja (also known as shinobi) operated as spies, assassins, or thieves; they formed their own caste outside the usual feudal social categories such as lords, samurai, and serfs. In modern Japan, ninja are a national myth that stems from folk tales and continues through modern day popular culture. Hakuba Dōji () Despite the hooded costume, "Hakuba Dōji'" ("Young Swordsman on the White Horse"), like "Kurama Tengu", "Kaiketsu Kurozukin" and "Murasaki Zukin", is not a ninja, but a samurai and a "Lone Ranger" type of character. 1960 Death Machines About three martial arts fighters (one white, one black, and one Asian) injected with a serum that turns them into zombie-like assassins working for a Japanese yakuza woman. 1976.06 The Last Reunion A Japanese boy who witnessed his parents' murders dedicates his life to following the samurai code of Bushido in order to avenge their deaths. 1980 The Challenge About rival brothers from a modern-day samurai clan. 1982.07.23 The Last Dragon Lead character dresses as a ninja in one scene. 1985.03.22 Ninja Turf Features a Japanese assassin who is a yakuza rather than a ninja. 1985.03.23 Gymkata Original movie poster artwork only. 1985.05.03 The Warrior and Ninja (Bajing Ireng dan Jaka Sembung) Features an Indonesian character dressed in a ninja-like costume. 1985.06 Watch the Shadows Dance Karate students dress in ninja costumes and play paintball war games at night. 1987 American Samurai Samurai teacher character briefly pretends to be a ninja during student's training. 1992.12.22 Ella Enchanted The Red Guards resemble ninja. 2004.04.09 The Pacifier Features Korean agents dressed in ninja-like costumes. 2005.03.04 In the Name of the King: A Dungeon Siege Tale The King's stealth fighters resemble ninja. 2007.11.29 Royal Kill About a warrior/assassin from the Kingdom of Samarza. 2009.04.10 Coweb (戰·無雙) Misleading title and cover artwork on North American DVD release only. 2009.05.01 The Warrior's Way About clans of Korean warriors/assassins. 2010.12.03 ==See also== *List of ninja television programs *List of ninja video games *List of Japanese films *Ninja in popular culture *Samurai cinema ==References== ==External links== * Iga Ninja Film Festival * Vintage Ninja: Film and TV Ninja The armor was mainly worn by the higher ranking samurai on horseback. Goth Ninja, a type of Japanese street fashion, became popular in 2009. was a type of armour worn by samurai warriors and their retainers during the feudal era of Japan. Title Notes Release Date Kaiketsu Kurozukin () Despite the black hooded costume, "Kaiketsu Kurozukin" ("The Black Hooded Man"), like "Kurama Tengu", is not a ninja, but is actually a samurai who disguises himself to fight corruption and right wrongs. 1936 etc... The is a prominent example of early Japanese armor worn by the samurai class of feudal Japan. The following stories contain at least one ninja character, but are not ninja-themed: * Planetes: Tanabe's neighbors are ninja. ====Non-Japanese comics==== * The Justice League: Shogun of Steel one-shot substitutes Batman with a Japanese female ninja named Komori (Bat).Justice League of America: Shogun of Steel DC Comics (2002). * Ninja Chops wrestles in the Naked Women's Wrestling League. ===Television=== ==See also== * List of ninja films * List of ninja video games * People of the Sengoku period in popular culture ==References== ==Further reading== * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Moriyama, T. (1998).

Ninjas wore black uniforms with hooded cowls

Ninjas commonly disguised themselves as civilians

Ninjas wore all-black outfits and masks

All of the above

None of the above

B

How did knights in full armor get on their horses?

In battle the squires would follow the brothers with the spare warhorses.Matthew Bennett (1989) La Régle du Temple as a Military Manual or How to Deliver a Cavalry Charge in Studies in Medieval History presented to R. Allen Brown A similar arrangement was also seen in Spain in the 1270s, according to Ramon Llull: > Neither horse, nor armour, nor even being chosen by others is sufficient to > show forth the high honour that pertains to a Knight. During the Late Middle Ages as armour protection for knights became more effective, their mounts became targets. The Seleucid cataphract used scale armour for its flexibility and effective protection against archers and also because unlike regular metal types, it was not too heavy for the horses. ==See also== * Horses in the Middle Ages * Horses in warfare * Destrier * Courser (horse) * War elephant ==Notes== ==References== * Broughton, Branford B. Dictionary of Medieval Knighthood and Chivalry: Concepts and Terms, (Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1986). All members in a lance were mounted for travel but only the man-at-arms and the coutilier were regularly expected to fight on horseback, though of course both members were also trained and equipped for dismounted action. Cataphracts, with scale armour for both rider and horse, are believed by many historians to have influenced the later European knights, via contact with the Byzantine Empire.Nell, Grant S. (1995) The Savaran: The Original Knights. Examples of armour for horses could be found as far back as classical antiquity. Once mounted, cavalrymen would reach the battlefield on horseback, dismount and then fight on foot, essentially acting as mobile light infantry. English Medieval Knight 1300-1400, Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2002, p 59 Another horse commonly ridden during war was the rouncey, an all-purpose horse. ==Other uses== Coursers were also used occasionally for hunting. ==See also== *Horses in the Middle Ages ==Notes and references== Category:Warfare of the Middle Ages Category:Warhorses Category:Types of horse Horse transports in the Middle Ages were boats used for effective means of transporting horses over long distances, whether for war or general transport. The practice of armoring horses was first extensively developed in antiquity in the eastern kingdoms of Parthia and Pahlava. Over the following eleven years all regular mounted regiments stationed in the United Kingdom, other than the Household Cavalry, were motorized, and their horses sold or allocated to other units. No surviving equine armor approaches the technical and visual ambition of the articulated bard, and the Helmschmids are the only armorers known to have created matrixes of steel plates flexible enough to encase a horse’s entire lower body as it moved. Indeed, this type of armor became associated with Maximilian, who continued to commission bards that covered horses’ legs and bellies to arm his own steeds and also as diplomatic gifts to forge alliances and demonstrate Habsburg power." A gleve may have consisted of as many as ten men - both horse and foot soldiers - supporting the knight. The French Army partially motorized their cavalry in 1928, creating divisions of dragons portés (mobile dragoons) that combined motorized and horse-mounted elements.Gudmundsson, p. For example, the Scandinavians had adapted the horse-transport technology by the 12th century as part of their move away from the traditional Viking infantry.Nicolle (1999) p The first illustration displaying such horse-transport in western Europe can be found in the Bayeux Tapestry's depiction of the Norman conquest of England.Wilson, p 227 This particular military venture required the transfer of over 2,000 horses from Normandy.Hyland, p 99 Scholars have linked the successful use of horse transports during the Norman conquest of England to Norman interactions with Byzantines (who had mastered horse transportation in amphibious operations) in Southern Italy in the 11th century. Debates over the integration of armor and horse units continued through 1941Hoffmann, p. 280. but the failure of these attempts "to marry horse with armor" was evident even to casual civilian observers.Hoffmann, p. 281. In addition, he had a riding horse and a packhorse. Horses in World War II were used by the belligerent nations for transportation of troops, artillery, materiel, and, to a lesser extent, in mobile cavalry troops. Likewise, replacement of field artillery horses with jeeps allowed towing 120-mm mortars in line with advancing troops, another tactic not possible with horses. A Glossary of the Construction, Decoration, and Use of Arms and Armor in All Countries and in All Times, Mineola: Dover Publications. ==External links== * Overview of Bards images of barding from period documents Category:Animal armour Category:Medieval armour Category:Horse protective equipment The 13th-century French rule of the Templars had specified that a brother knight should have one squire if he had one warhorse, two if he had an extra one.

It was impossible for knights in full armor to mount their horses without assistance

All of the above

Knights in full armor could mount their horses normally

Cranes had to be used to lift knights in full armor onto their horses

Knights in full armor had to be hoisted onto their horses

C

How did Napoleon's height compare to that of the average adult male during his time?

However, in some cases, people who are naturally shorter combined with their advanced bone age, end up being even shorter than the height they normally would have been because of their stunted growth. Short stature refers to a height of a human which is below typical. The median or typical adult height in developed countries is about for men and for women. ==Causes== Shortness in children and young adults nearly always results from below- average growth in childhood, while shortness in older adults usually results from loss of height due to kyphosis of the spine or collapsed vertebrae from osteoporosis. The heights of amateur wrestlers vary greatly with successful athletes being as short as Sushil Kumar at and as tall as Alexander Karelin at . ==American football== A 2014 CNN survey reported the average NFL player was and weighed . Additionally, increased height showed a relationship with increased mean intellectual performance and, under conditions of stress, shorter men showcased demonstrably worse leadership capability and psychological function. According to a study in France, executives and professionals are taller, and university students are taller than the national average. Generally speaking, self-reported height tends to be taller than measured height, although the overestimation of height depends on the reporting subject's height, age, gender and region. Both studies found a statistically significant correlation between managerial position and height; taller people were more likely to hold managerial positions, regardless of sex. There is an increase in brain development during the adolescent years and a marked decrease afterwards, despite height generally staying constant after reaching adulthood. == Explanations of the correlation == An individual's height is determined by a complex interplay between genes and environment. Country / region Average male height Average female height Stature ratio (male to female) Sample population / age range Share of pop. over 18 coveredPopulation data from International Data Base , United States Census Bureau.Urban population from The world bank , World Bank. Various genetic and environmental factors may influence height, and the reasons are sought for any correlation with measured intelligence. So at professional level, it is more advantageous to have short stature. ==References== Category:Human height In many societies there are advantages associated with taller stature and disadvantages associated with shorter stature, and vice versa. In a medical context, short stature is typically defined as an adult height that is more than two standard deviations below a population’s mean for age and gender, which corresponds to the shortest 2.3% of individuals in that population. Below are two tables which report the average adult human height by country or geographical region. Goalkeepers tend to be taller than average because their greater arm spans and total reach when jumping enable them to cover more of the goal area. In human populations, average height can distill down complex data about the group's birth, upbringing, social class, diet, and health care system. * Height can vary over the course of a day, due to factors such as a decrease from exercise done directly before measurement (i.e. inversely correlated), or an increase since lying down for a significant period of time (i.e. positively correlated). * Height can vary over the course of a day, due to factors such as a decrease from exercise done directly before measurement (i.e. inversely correlated), or an increase since lying down for a significant period of time (i.e. positively correlated). The study of height and intelligence examines correlations between height and human intelligence. Thus, treatment takes a child who is expected to be much shorter than a typical adult and produces an adult who is still obviously shorter than average. *The figures demonstrate a discrepancy with many of the findings of the first table, for example with Bosnia and Herzegovina which is ranked sixth on the following table, an actual survey from 2014 already found males from 19–32 to average 183.9 cm as opposed to the 182.5 cm reported below; similarly Montenegro's male estimate of 183.3 cm may not compensate for the sometimes unfinished height growth of 17- and 18-year-olds who were part of a sample on the first table that already measured 182.9 cm on average.

Napoleon was unusually short

Napoleon's height was around 5 feet 2 inches

Napoleon was much shorter than the average male during his time

All of the above

Napoleon's height was close to the average male height during his time

E

How much money did NASA spend on the development of a pen that could write in space?

In reality, NASA began to develop a space pen, but when development costs skyrocketed the project was abandoned and astronauts went back to using pencils, along with the Soviets. However, the claim that NASA spent millions on the Space Pen is incorrect, as the Fisher pen was developed using private capital, not government funding. One of the first Space Pen patents is US3285228, which was filed on 19 May 1965.Sakpal, Nilesh J Space pen | Zero gravity pen | Astronaut's pen AG7 - Fisher Space Pen Co. ==Uses in the U.S. and Russian space programs== An urban legend states that NASA spent a large amount of money to develop a pen that would write in space (the result purportedly being the Fisher Space Pen), while the Soviets just used pencils. Subsequently, in 1967 it was reported that NASA purchased approximately 400 pens for $2.95 apiece (equivalent to $ each in ).You can see the original 1967 purchase order between NASA and Fisher Space Pen In 2008, Gene Cernan's Apollo 17-flown space pen sold in a Heritage auction for US$23,900. ==See also== * List of pen types, brands and companies ==References== ==External links== *Fisher Space Pen Co. In reality, the space pen was independently developed by Paul C. Fisher, founder of the Fisher Pen Company, with $1 million of his own funds."Fisher Space Pen – Our story" Retrieved on February 4, 2019 NASA tested and approved the pen for space use, especially since they were less flammable than pencils, then purchased 400 pens at $6 per pen."NASA – The Fisher Space Pen" Retrieved on February 4, 2019 The Soviet Union subsequently also purchased the space pen for its Soyuz spaceflights. A common misconception states that, faced with the fact that ball-point pens would not write in zero-gravity, the Fisher Space Pen was devised as the result of millions of dollars of unnecessary spending on NASA's part when the Soviet Union took the simpler and cheaper route of just using pencils, making the pen an example of overengineering. The Space Pen (also known as the Zero Gravity Pen), marketed by Fisher Space Pen Company, is a pen that uses pressurized ink cartridges and is able to write in zero gravity, underwater, over wet and greasy paper, at any angle, and in a very wide range of temperatures. thumb|Astronaut Walter Cunningham, Apollo 7 lunar module pilot, writes with space pen as he is photographed performing flight tasks on the ninth day of the Apollo 7 mission.|250x250px ==Inventors== The Fisher Space Pen was created by Austrian Friedrich Schächter and expanded by Erwin Rath. Russian cosmonauts used pencils, and grease pencils on plastic slates until also adopting a space pen in 1969 with a purchase of 100 units for use on all future missions. Several of the Fisher Space Pen models (the "Millennium" is one) are claimed to write for a lifetime of "average" use; however, the product literature states that the pen will write exactly . *The Billion Dollar Space Pen *Legend debunked (Urban Legends Reference Pages) *Did Biros really revolutionise writing BBC News 2006-11-23 *NASA Specification for writing instruments 1973-06 *Nasa History *"Pen Name: Having perfected the ball-point, Paul Fisher wrote a plan to save the world" , by Anthony DeBartolo, Chicago Tribune Sunday Magazine, 1991 * Category:American inventions Category:Pens Category:Urban legends NASA – and the Soviets – eventually began purchasing such pens. Several instruments have been used to write in outer space, including different types of pencils and pens. Writing done with the grease pencil is also not as durable as ink on paper. === Pen === Ballpoint pens have been used by Soviet and then Russian space programs as a substitute for grease pencils as well as NASA and ESA. After extensive testing, NASA decided to use the pens in future Apollo missions. The wood pencil has been used for writing by NASA and Soviet space programs from the start. The pen can write without the help of gravity, at any angle. Felt-tip pens were used by NASA astronauts in the Apollo missions. The following is a list of pen types, brands and/or manufacturing companies of those writing implements. NASA never approached Paul Fisher to develop a pen, nor did Fisher receive any government funding for the pen's development. When practically all writing in space intended for permanent record (e.g., logs, details and results of scientific experiments) is electronic, the discussion of writing instruments in space is somewhat academic: hard copy is produced infrequently, as of 2019. The mechanical pencil has been used by NASA starting in the 1960s Gemini program. Some of them have been unmodified versions of conventional writing instruments; others have been invented specifically to counter the problems with writing in space conditions.

NASA was not involved in the development of a pen that could write in space

NASA spent billions on the development of a pen that could write in space

NASA spent millions on the development of a pen that could write in space

None of the above

All of the above

A

In the Gregorian calendar, what does 'AD' mean?

The terms (AD) and before Christ (BC) are used to label or number years in the Julian and Gregorian calendars. The term is Medieval Latin and means 'in the year of the Lord', but is often presented using "our Lord" instead of "the Lord", "since AD stands for anno Domini, 'in the year of (Our) Lord'" taken from the full original phrase "anno Domini nostri Jesu Christi", which translates to 'in the year of our Lord Jesus Christ'. Because BC is the English abbreviation for Before Christ, it is sometimes incorrectly concluded that AD means After Death, i.e., after the death of Jesus, which would mean that the approximate 33 years commonly associated with the life of Jesus would be included in neither the BC nor the AD time scales.Donald P. Ryan, (2000), 15. Traditionally, English follows Latin usage by placing the "AD" abbreviation before the year number, though it is also found after the year.Chicago Manual of Style 2010, pp. 476–7; Goldstein 2007, p. __NOTOC__ AD 26 (XXVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar, the 26th Year of the Anno Domini (AD) designation, the 26th year of the 1st millennium, the 26th year of the 1st century, and the 6th year of the 3rd decade. This calendar era is based on the traditionally reckoned year of the conception or birth of Jesus, AD counting years from the start of this epoch and BC denoting years before the start of the era. The denomination AD 33 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in the world for naming years. == Events == ===By date=== *April 3 – According to Colin Humphrey's account, Jesus of Nazareth's Last Supper takes place. === By place === ==== Roman Empire ==== * Emperor Tiberius founds a credit bank in Rome. AD 82 (LXXXII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination AD 82 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. == Events == === By place === ==== Roman Empire ==== * Emperor Domitian becomes Roman Consul. In 1627, the French Jesuit theologian Denis Pétau (Dionysius Petavius in Latin), with his work De doctrina temporum, popularized the usage ante Christum (Latin for "Before Christ") to mark years prior to AD. ===New year=== When the reckoning from Jesus' incarnation began replacing the previous dating systems in western Europe, various people chose different Christian feast days to begin the year: Christmas, Annunciation, or Easter. AD 33 (XXXIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination AD 67 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. == Events == === By place === ==== Roman Empire ==== * Vindex revolts, first in a series of revolts that lead to Nero's downfall. AD 37 (XXXVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. AD 67 (LXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination AD 26 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. == Events == === By place === ==== Roman Empire ==== * Pontius Pilate is appointed as prefect of Judea. The abbreviation AD is also widely used after the number of a century or millennium, as in "fourth century AD" or "second millennium AD" (although conservative usage formerly rejected such expressions).Chicago Manual of Style, 1993, p. 304. The denomination AD 37 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. == Events == === By place === ==== Roman Empire ==== * March 18 - The Roman Senate annuls Tiberius's will, and proclaims Caligula as Roman Emperor, nullifying the joint claim of Tiberius Gemellus. AD 62) == Deaths == * April 3 - Jesus of Nazareth, (possible date of the crucifixion)Colin J. Humphreys and W. G. Waddington, "Dating the Crucifixion ," Nature 306 (December 22/29, 1983), pp. 743-46. Another system was to date from the crucifixion of Jesus, which as early as Hippolytus and Tertullian was believed to have occurred in the consulate of the Gemini (AD 29), which appears in some medieval manuscripts. == CE and BCE == Alternative names for the Anno Domini era include vulgaris aerae (found 1615 in Latin), "Vulgar Era" (in English, as early as 1635), "Christian Era" (in English, in 1652), "Common Era" (in English, 1708), and "Current Era". In the History he also used the Latin phrase ante [...] incarnationis dominicae tempus anno sexagesimo ("in the sixtieth year before the time of the Lord's incarnation"), which is equivalent to the English "before Christ", to identify years before the first year of this era.Bede 731, Book 1, Chapter 2, first sentence. Eastern Orthodox countries only began to adopt AD instead of the Byzantine calendar in 1700 when Russia did so, with others adopting it in the 19th and 20th centuries. Later, in 1949, the People's Republic of China adopted () for all purposes domestic and foreign. == No year zero: start and end of a century == In the AD year numbering system, whether applied to the Julian or Gregorian calendars, AD 1 is immediately preceded by 1 BC, with nothing in between them (there was no year zero).

None of the above

AD' means 'After Death'

AD' means 'Anno Domini'

All of the above

'AD' refers to the period following the death of Jesus Christ

C

Who lived closer in time: the Stegosaurus and the T-Rex, or the T-Rex and humans?

However, in a narrow and more colloquial sense, the term "dinosaur" often refers specifically to non-avian dinosaurs, all of which died out in the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction about 66 million years ago, while the genus Homo emerged only about 3 million years ago, leaving a period of tens of millions of years between the last dinosaurs and the first humans. Stegosaurians were armored dinosaurs (thyreophorans). By this broad and more technical sense of the word, humanity has coexisted with dinosaurs since the first humans appeared on Earth. Stegosauria is a group of herbivorous ornithischian dinosaurs that lived during the Jurassic and early Cretaceous periods. Stegosauridae is a family of thyreophoran dinosaurs (armoured dinosaurs) within the suborder Stegosauria. The notion that non-avian dinosaurs and humans actually coexisted at some time in the past or still coexist in the present is a pseudoscientific and pseudohistorical belief common among Young Earth creationists, cryptozoologists, and some other groups. The clade is defined as all species of dinosaurs more closely related to Stegosaurus than Huayangosaurus.David B. Weishampel, Peter Dodson, Halszka Osmólska. The second explanation implies that dinosaurs would have coexisted with humans. Gasosaurus () is a genus of tetanuran theropod that lived approximately 171.6 to 161.2 million years ago during the middle of the Jurassic Period. The most massive dinosaur alive today is the ostrich and the smallest is the bee hummingbird. ==Fiction and mythology== Speculative fiction commonly portrays non-avian dinosaurs with humans. The vast majority of stegosaurian dinosaurs thus far recovered belong to the Stegosauridae, which lived in the later part of the Jurassic and early Cretaceous, and which were defined by Paul Sereno as all stegosaurians more closely related to Stegosaurus than to Huayangosaurus.Sereno, P.C., 1998, "A rationale for phylogenetic definitions, with application to the higher-level taxonomy of Dinosauria", Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen 210: 41-83 They include per definition the well-known Stegosaurus. The most derived Jurassic stegosaurians are known from North-America: Stegosaurus (perhaps several species thereof) and the somewhat older Hesperosaurus. The coexistence of avian dinosaurs (birds) and humans is well established historically and in modern times. One such described genus, Scelidosaurus, is proposed to be morphologically close to the last common ancestor of the clade uniting stegosaurians and ankylosaurians, the Eurypoda. Footprints attributed to the ichnotaxon Deltapodus brodricki from the Middle Jurassic (Aalenian) of England represent the oldest probable record of stegosaurians reported so far. The youngest known definitive remains of stegosaurs are those of Mongolostegus from Mongolia which dates the Aptian-Albian. It has often been suggested that the decline in stegosaur diversity was part of a Jurassic-Cretaceous transition, where angiosperms become the dominant plants, causing a faunal turnover where new groups of herbivores evolved.Bakker, R.T., 1998, "Dinosaur mid-life crisis: the Jurassic-Cretaceous transition in Wyoming and Colorado", In: S.G. Lucas, J.I. Kirkland, & J.W. Estep (eds.) Lower and Middle Cretaceous Terrestrial Ecosystems; New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin, 14: 67-77 Although in general the case for such a causal relation is poorly supported by the data, stegosaurians are an exception in that their decline coincides with that of the Cycadophyta.Butler, R.J., Barrett, P.M., Kenrick, P. and Penn, M.G., 2009, "Diversity patterns amongst herbivorous dinosaurs and plants during the Cretaceous: implications for hypotheses of dinosaur/angiosperm co-evolution", Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 22: 446–459 Though Late Cretaceous stegosaurian fossils have been reported, these have mostly turned out to be misidentified. It may in fact be the most basal coelurosaurian yet known, or may even be close to the common ancestor of the two groups; in any case, it represents one of the oldest definitive tetanuran theropods. The coexistence of non-avian dinosaurs and humans exists only as a recurring motif in speculative fiction, because in the real world non-avian dinosaurs have at no point coexisted with humans. The first exact clade definition of Stegosauria was given by Peter Malcolm Galton in 1997: all thyreophoran Ornithischia more closely related to Stegosaurus than to Ankylosaurus.Galton, P.M., 1997, "Stegosauria", pp. 701-703 in: P.J. Currie and K. Padian (eds.), Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs, Academic Press, San Diego Thus defined, the Stegosauria are by definition the sister group of the Ankylosauria within the Eurypoda. ===Phylogeny=== Kenneth Carpenter of the Denver Museum of Nature and Science published a preliminary phyletic treeCarpenter, K., Miles, C.A., and Cloward, K. (2001). Hylaeosaurus ( ; Greek: / "belonging to the forest" and / "lizard") is a herbivorous ankylosaurian dinosaur that lived about 136 million years ago, in the late Valanginian stage of the early Cretaceous period of England. Stegosaurid specimens originally described under the genera Wuerhosaurus and Hesperosaurus were referred to the genus Stegosaurus, under the names Stegosaurus homheni and Stegosaurus mjosi, respectively, by Maidment et al. (2010).

The Stegosaurus and the T-Rex lived closer in time

The T-Rex and humans lived closer in time

The Stegosaurus and the T-Rex lived closer in time

All of the above

None of the above

B

Is there gravity on the International Space Station?

In fact, at an altitude of , equivalent to a typical orbit of the ISS, gravity is still nearly 90% as strong as at the Earth's surface. The International Space Station (ISS) is the largest modular space station in low Earth orbit. thumb|An astronaut asleep in the microgravity of Earth orbit-continual free- fall around the Earth, inside the pressurized module Harmony node of the International Space Station in 2007 Sleeping in space is an important part of space medicine and mission planning, with impacts on the health, capabilities and morale of astronauts. International Space Station. The gravity depends only on the mass inside the sphere of radius . The atmosphere on board the ISS is similar to that of Earth. The ISS is the ninth space station to be inhabited by crews, following the Soviet and later Russian Salyut, Almaz, and Mir stations and the American Skylab. The precise strength of Earth's gravity varies depending on the location. The gravity of Earth, denoted by , is the net acceleration that is imparted to objects due to the combined effect of gravitation (from mass distribution within Earth) and the centrifugal force (from the Earth's rotation). § 2.1: "The total force acting on a body at rest on the earth's surface is the resultant of gravitational force and the centrifugal force of the earth's rotation and is called gravity." "The International Space Station: Collaboration, Utilization, and Commercialization." Uncrewed spaceflights to the International Space Station (ISS) are made primarily to deliver cargo, however several Russian modules have also docked to the outpost following uncrewed launches. ISS-based astronomy telescopes and experiments include SOLAR, the Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer, the Calorimetric Electron Telescope, the Monitor of All- sky X-ray Image (MAXI), and the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer. ====Freefall==== thumb|ISS crew member storing samples Gravity at the altitude of the ISS is approximately 90% as strong as at Earth's surface, but objects in orbit are in a continuous state of freefall, resulting in an apparent state of weightlessness. "Astronauts' behaviour onboard the International Space Station: regulatory framework" (PDF). (An additional factor affecting apparent weight is the decrease in air density at altitude, which lessens an object's buoyancy."I feel 'lighter' when up a mountain but am I?", National Physical Laboratory FAQ This would increase a person's apparent weight at an altitude of 9,000 metres by about 0.08%) It is a common misconception that astronauts in orbit are weightless because they have flown high enough to escape the Earth's gravity. The gravity anomaly at a location on the Earth's surface is the difference between the observed value of gravity and the value predicted by a theoretical model. Weightlessness actually occurs because orbiting objects are in free-fall."The G's in the Machine", NASA, see "Editor's note #2" The effect of ground elevation depends on the density of the ground (see Slab correction section). It is possible to sleep floating freely through the station, but this is generally avoided because of the possibility of bumping into sensitive equipment. Retrieved on 2010-08-14. ==References== ==See Also== *Canadian Space Agency *Scientific research on the International Space Station Category:International Space Station experiments Category:Space program of Canada The value of standard gravity corresponds to the gravity on Earth at a radius of . ===Latitude=== thumb|upright=1.4|The differences of Earth's gravity around the Antarctic continent. Hydrogen gas is constantly vented overboard by the oxygen generators. ==Structure== The ISS is a modular space station. Even though there is no up and down in space, some crew members feel like they are oriented upside down. In a spherically symmetric Earth, gravity would point directly towards the sphere's centre.

All of the above

No, there is no gravity on the International Space Station

No, there is no gravity in space

Yes, Earth's gravity on the International Space Station is around 90 percent of the gravity on the Earth's surface

No, astronauts float on the International Space Station because there is no gravity

D

Who proved that the Earth was round?

Erasmus Montanus meets considerable opposition when he claims the Earth is round, since all the peasants hold it to be flat. Subsequent studies of medieval science have shown that most scholars in the Middle Ages, including those read by Christopher Columbus, maintained that the Earth was spherical. ==Modern flat Earth beliefs== In the modern era, the pseudoscientific belief in a flat Earth originated with the English writer Samuel Rowbotham with the 1849 pamphlet Zetetic Astronomy. However, the work of these intellectuals may not have had significant influence on public opinion, and it is difficult to tell what the wider population may have thought of the shape of the Earth if they considered the question at all. ====Europe: Late Middle Ages==== Hermannus Contractus (1013–1054) was among the earliest Christian scholars to estimate the circumference of Earth with Eratosthenes' method. Thomas Aquinas (1225–1274), the most widely taught theologian of the Middle Ages, believed in a spherical Earth and took for granted that his readers also knew the Earth is round. * The Myth of the Flat Earth * The Myth of the Flat Universe * You say the earth is round? Accordingly, the 13th-century scholar Li Ye, who argued that the movements of the round heaven would be hindered by a square Earth, did not advocate a spherical Earth, but rather that its edge should be rounded off so as to be circular. Greek knowledge of sphericity never faded, and all major medieval scholars accepted the Earth's roundness as an established fact of cosmology." The belief was widespread in the Greek world when Eratosthenes calculated the circumference of Earth around 240 BC. This is why the polar circumference of the Earth is actually 40,008 kilometres, instead of 40,000. ==See also== * Earth radius * Spherical Earth * Nautical mile ==References== ==Bibliography== * * * * ==External links== * Carl Sagan demonstrates how Eratosthenes determined that the Earth was round and the approximate circumference Circumference Category:Units of length Category:Geodesy It is a historical myth that medieval Europeans generally thought the Earth was flat. This narrative has been repeated even in academic circles, such as in April 2016, when Boston College theology professor and ex-priest Thomas Groome erroneously stated that "the Catholic Church never said the Earth is round, but just stopped saying it was flat." The idea of a spherical Earth appeared in ancient Greek philosophy with Pythagoras (6th century BC). By the 1st century AD, Pliny the Elder was in a position to say that everyone agreed on the spherical shape of Earth,Natural History, 2.64. though disputes continued regarding the nature of the antipodes, and how it is possible to keep the ocean in a curved shape. ====South Asia==== The Vedic texts depict the cosmos in many ways. With the presumption of a spherical Earth, an expedition commissioned by caliph al- Ma'mun used this fact to calculate Earth's circumference to within of the correct value of around , and possibly as accurately as . Anaximander (c. 550 BC) believed that the Earth was a short cylinder with a flat, circular top that remained stable because it was the same distance from all things.Hippolytus, Refutation of all Heresies, i. We would respond: Yes, because the Earth, even though it is round, is an enormous sphere, and each little part of this enormous sphere, when it is looked at, appears to be flat. Prove it (from The Straight Dope) * Flat Earth Fallacy * Zetetic Astronomy, or Earth Not a Globe by Parallax (Samuel Birley Rowbotham (1816–1884)) at sacred-texts.com * Flat Earth idea of the suns trajectory * Flat Earth Theory of the Moon & Sun's paths around the world Category:Early scientific cosmologies Herodotus in his Histories ridiculed the belief that water encircled the world,Herodotus knew of the conventional view, according to which the river Ocean runs around a circular flat Earth (4.8), and of the division of the world into three – Jacoby, RE Suppl. 2.352 ff, yet rejected this personal belief (Histories, 2. 21; 4. 8; 4. 36). yet most classicists agree that he still believed Earth was flat because of his descriptions of literal "ends" or "edges" of the Earth.The history of Herodotus, George Rawlinson, Appleton and company, 1889, p. 409. ====Northern Europe==== The ancient Norse and Germanic peoples believed in a flat-Earth cosmography with the Earth surrounded by an ocean, with the axis mundi, a world tree (Yggdrasil), or pillar (Irminsul) in the centre. Athenagoras, an eastern Christian writing around the year 175 AD, said that the Earth was spherical. Around 330 BC, Aristotle maintained on the basis of physical theory and observational evidence that the Earth was spherical, and reported an estimate of its circumference.On the Heavens, Book ii Chapter 14. The only shape that casts a round shadow no matter which direction it is pointed is a sphere, and the ancient Greeks deduced that this must mean Earth is spherical. and his pupil Archelaus believed that the flat Earth was depressed in the middle like a saucer, to allow for the fact that the Sun does not rise and set at the same time for everyone.Hippolytus, Refutation of all Heresies, i.

All of the above

None of the above

Christopher Columbus proved that the Earth was round

The ancient Greeks knew that the Earth was round

Christopher Columbus proved that the Earth was round

D

What is the brightest star in the night sky?

Sirius is the brightest star in the night sky. To the naked eye, it often appears to be flashing with red, white, and blue hues when near the horizon. == Observation == With an apparent magnitude of −1.46, Sirius is the brightest star in the night sky, almost twice as bright as the second-brightest star, Canopus. With a visual apparent magnitude of −1.46, Sirius is almost twice as bright as Canopus, the next brightest star. The brightest stars are completely listed until apparent magnitude of 2 including Polaris. And even among those Stars which are reckoned of the brightest Class, there appears a Variety of Magnitude; for Sirius or Arcturus are each of them brighter than Aldebaran [...] No star closer than Canopus is more luminous than it, and it has been the brightest star in Earth's night sky during three epochs over the past four million years. Sirius appears bright because of its intrinsic luminosity and its proximity to the Solar System. thumb|Stars in the night sky The night sky is the nighttime appearance of celestial objects like stars, planets, and the Moon, which are visible in a clear sky between sunset and sunrise, when the Sun is below the horizon. Twelve of the 22 brightest stars are on the actual Northern sky, ten on Southern sky. Sirius can be observed in daylight with the naked eye under the right conditions. The brighter component, termed Sirius A, is a main-sequence star of spectral type early A, with an estimated surface temperature of 9,940 K. Sirius is visible from almost everywhere on Earth, except latitudes north of 73° N, and it does not rise very high when viewed from some northern cities (reaching only 13° above the horizon from Saint Petersburg). First-magnitude stars are the brightest stars in the night sky, with apparent magnitudes lower (i.e. brighter) than +1.50.Learning the First-Magnitude Stars. This is a list of the brightest stars together with record holders of other categories with many details in compact form that can be compared. See second column of Table 1 for stellar parameters. ==Nomenclature== thumb|left|Altair is the brightest star in the constellation Aquila α Aquilae (Latinised to Alpha Aquilae) is the star's Bayer designation. The visible star is now sometimes known as Sirius A. Sirius is colloquially known as the "Dog Star", reflecting its prominence in its constellation, Canis Major (the Greater Dog). Altair is the brightest star in the constellation of Aquila and the twelfth- brightest star in the night sky. The Latin text taught readers how to determine the times of nighttime prayers from positions of the stars, and a bright star described as rubeola ("reddish") was claimed to be Sirius. Because of its declination of roughly −17°, Sirius is a circumpolar star from latitudes south of 73° S. Canopus is the brightest star in the southern constellation of Carina and the second-brightest star in the night sky. Sirius A is about twice as massive as the Sun () and has an absolute visual magnitude of +1.43.

Sirius is the brightest star in the night sky

The North Star is the brightest star in the night sky

The sun is the brightest star in the night sky

Polaris is the brightest star in the night sky

None of the above

A

What is the purpose of a camel's hump?

These two major anatomical characteristics enable camels to conserve water and limit the volume of urine in extreme desert conditions.Rehan S and AS Qureshi, 2006. The ecological area, which was meant "to protect scarce and rare plants, to preserve the natural habitat, and to maintain the wilderness aspect" of the land, expanded Camel's Hump Natural Area to . Camel's Hump (alternatively Camels Hump) is a mountain in the Green Mountains in the U.S. state of Vermont. The summit of Camel's Hump, which is surrounded by of alpine tundra, is the focal point of Camel's Hump Natural Area, a protected area in the heart of Camel's Hump State Park. ==Public access== Camel's Hump State Park has no phone, no visitor facilities, and no entry fee. Camel urine is a liquid by-product of metabolism in a camel's anatomy. Though protected, the Camel's Hump area is a favorite recreational venue for hikers. There are multiple trails in the vicinity of Camel's Hump. Camel's Hump via the Forest City Trail. Certain preclinical studies have claimed that camel urine possesses various therapeutic advantages, including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties, and even potential cardiovascular benefits. Camel's Hump via the Burrows Trail. It was not until 1830 that the name "Camel's Hump" came into usage. Camel's Hump via the Alpine Trail. In 1969, as a by-product of creating Camel's Hump State Park, the State of Vermont designated an ecological area that included all state lands in Camel's Hump Forest Reserve above plus all land in the Gleason Brook watershed above . Camel's Hump via the Dean Trail. The deed declared: In accordance with Battell's wishes, in 1969 the Vermont legislature established Camel's Hump Forest Reserve and designated the state lands in the reserve as Camel's Hump State Park. The profile of Camel's Hump appears in the Vermont coat of arms on the Vermont flag. ==Hiking== thumb|right|300px|Summit marker on Camel's Hump. In particular, in 1891 he purchased Camel's Hump along with of surrounding forest. Camel's Hump State Park is a state park in the U.S. state of Vermont. Camel's Hump Natural Area is a protected area in the U.S. state of Vermont. The kidneys and intestines of a camel are very efficient at reabsorbing water. A half century later, in 1965, the state created Camel's Hump Natural Area, a protected area that included a portion of the Battell lands within its boundary. According to the World Health Organization, the use of camel urine as a traditional medicine lacks scientific evidence. ==Anatomy== Camel urine comes out as a thick syrup.

None of the above

All of the above

It is commonly believed that a camel's hump stores fat, but it actually stores water

The purpose of a camel's hump is to store water

The purpose of a camel's hump is to store fat

E

What is the most important meal of the day?

Some believe it to be the most important meal of the day. * Dinner - Usually the largest and most elaborate meal of the day, which can replace either lunch, high tea, or supper. Meals are composed of one or more courses, which in turn are composed of one or more dishes. == Types of meals == === 3 main meals of the day === * Breakfast - eaten within an hour or two after a person wakes in the morning. The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to meals: Meal - eating occasion that takes place at a certain time and includes specific, prepared food, or the food eaten on that occasion.meal noun (FOOD) - definition in the British English Dictionary & Thesaurus - Cambridge Dictionaries Onlinemeal – Definition from Longman English Dictionary Online The names used for specific meals in English vary greatly, depending on the speaker's culture, the time of day, or the size of the meal. Critics, however, criticise the meal deal for increasing the levels of single-use plastic waste in circulation and persuading people to buy more food than they originally intended or wanted - contributing to the growing obesity crisis. == Dinner == Dinner usually refers to a significant and important meal of the day, which can be the noon or the evening meal. The cuisine articles linked in the breakfast page regarding each countries and continents cuisine may display variations of breakfast more thoroughly. ==Lunch== Lunch, the abbreviation for luncheon, is a light meal typically eaten at midday. A meal is an eating occasion that takes place at a certain time and includes consumption of food.meal noun (FOOD) - definition in the British English Dictionary & Thesaurus - Cambridge Dictionaries Onlinemeal - Definition from Longman English Dictionary Online The names used for specific meals in English vary, depending on the speaker's culture, the time of day, or the size of the meal. Except for "breakfast", these names can vary from region to region or even from family to family. == Breakfast == Breakfast is the first meal of a day, most often eaten in the early morning before undertaking the day's work. This is a list of notable breakfast foods from A to Z. Breakfast is the meal taken after rising from a night's sleep, most often eaten in the early morning before undertaking a day's work. The meaning as the evening meal, now generally the largest of the day, is becoming standard in most parts of the English-speaking world. However, the term dinner can have many different meanings depending on the culture; it may mean a meal of any size eaten at any time of the day. However, the term "dinner" can have many different meanings depending on the culture; it may mean a meal of any size eaten at any time of day. The evening meal can be called tea when dinner, which is generally the largest of the day, is eaten in the middle of the day. === Variations of dinner === ==== Full course dinner ==== A full-course dinner is a dinner consisting of multiple dishes, or courses. Lunch is commonly the second meal of the day after breakfast. In formal dining, a full course dinner can consist of many courses, and in some instances the courses are carefully planned to complement each other gastronomically. === Types of meals, in the order served throughout the day === * Breakfast - meal eaten in the morning, usually before 10:00 am. Lunch is the second meal of the day after breakfast. Breakfast is the first meal taken after rising from a night's sleep, most often eaten in the early morning before undertaking the day's work. The 1971 food recommendation guidelines stated that each meal should contain raw vegetables, such as salads and fruits; protein in the form of milk or other dairy products; cooked vegetables twice per week; and carbohydrates on the remaining days. ====Current status==== In France, lunch is considered the most important meal of the day. "The Best Breakfast Foods, In Order". ** Wedding reception - *** Wedding breakfast - dinner given to the bride, groom, and guests at the wedding reception that follows a wedding in the United Kingdom, Australia, Germany, Austria and Scandinavia. == History of meals == * History of breakfast - * History of lunch - * History of dinner - * Symbolic meal - such as were prepared for or represented in tombs, were designed for consumption by the deceased in the after-life. Three main meals are often eaten in the morning, early afternoon, and evening in most modern civilizations. , or "menu of the day", is a set menu or served by Spanish restaurants during weekday lunch, one of the largest meals of the day in Spain.

Dinner is the most important meal of the day

The evidence of whether breakfast is more important than other meals is inconclusive

Lunch is the most important meal of the day

Breakfast is the most important meal of the day

All of the above

B

Do duck quacks echo?

Duck Quacks Don't Echo is a British television comedy panel game show that aired on Sky1 from 7 February 2014 to 12 October 2017. Duck Quacks Don't Echo is an American television comedy panel game show that was aired in 2014 on the on National Geographic Channel, presented by comedian Tom Papa with co-hosts Michael Ian Black and Seth Herzog. The majority of duck sounds such as quacking people have heard and are familiar with comes from female, or hen, mallards. The hail call or comeback call are the loudest and longest notes, typically used to attract the attention of far away ducks. ==Duck varieties== The most prevalent and hunted duck in the United States, the mallard, makes the well known "quack" sound many associate with ducks. In linguistics, an echo answer or echo response is a way of answering a polar question without using words for yes and no. The style is determined by the shape of the tone board and the effect it has on the reed material. ==Technique== There are many different schools of thought on what technique is best for imitating the sounds that ducks make; however, every duck call should be able to create four basic calls: the quack, the feed call, and the comeback or hail call. There are many other variations and techniques to make effective sounds with a duck call. There are calls for almost all species of ducks. By making your call sound similar to that of a hen mallard, almost all other ducks will respond to it, and have their curiosity piqued by the calling. ==See also== * Waterfowl hunting ==References== Category:Waterfowl Category:Hunting ==Finnish== The Finnish language is one language that employs echo answers in response to yes-no questions. The quack is a short, sharp note that is the most used in waterfowl hunting. -- Jones' analysis of how to answer questions in the Welsh language, broken down into a typology of echo and non-echo responsives, polarity and truth-value responses, and numbers of forms ==Latin== Although Latin has words or phrases that can stand in for "yes" and "no", it also employs echo answers. The Wise Quacking Duck is a 1943 Warner Bros. Looney Tunes cartoon directed by Bob Clampett. Hen mallards are extremely vocal and this is probably why the number one call for duck hunting in North America is a hen mallard call. Different waterfowl hunters have varying opinions on what the best type of duck call is and when it is most effective. Duck typing in computer programming is an application of the duck test--"If it walks like a duck and it quacks like a duck, then it must be a duck"--to determine whether an object can be used for a particular purpose. Like Finnish, the main way in these languages to state yes or no, to answer yes-no questions, is to echo the verb of the question. right|thumb|Collection of duck calls. Hunters would use the air from their diaphragms into the call while saying "hut", "wuit", or "oak" to make the single quack. The goal of a duck call is to sound like a realistic live duck, in attempts to decoy, or fool a duck into believing the decoys that are seen by a duck, and the sound that is heard appears lifelike. ==Construction== As a tool, a duck call is like a traditional whistle made to emulate the sound of a duck. This is important for different types of duck hunting. Meek guiltily tells him that he has killed a duck.

No, duck quacks don't echo

All of the above

No, duck quacks don't echo

Yes, duck quacks echo

None of the above

D

Is light a particle or a wave?

Eventually the modern theory of quantum mechanics came to picture light as (in some sense) both a particle and a wave and (in another sense), as a phenomenon which is neither a particle nor a wave (which actually are macroscopic phenomena, such as baseballs or ocean waves). As with other elementary particles, photons are best explained by quantum mechanics and exhibit wave–particle duality, their behavior featuring properties of both waves and particles. Wave–particle duality is the concept in quantum mechanics that every particle or quantum entity may be described as either a particle or a wave. In physics, the term "light" may refer more broadly to electromagnetic radiation of any wavelength, whether visible or not. Like all types of electromagnetic radiation, visible light propagates by massless elementary particles called photons that represents the quanta of electromagnetic field, and can be analyzed as both waves and particles. Hence, Einstein's hypothesis that quantization is a property of light itself is considered to be proven. ==Wave–particle duality and uncertainty principles== Photons obey the laws of quantum mechanics, and so their behavior has both wave-like and particle-like aspects. A photon () is an elementary particle that is a quantum of the electromagnetic field, including electromagnetic radiation such as light and radio waves, and the force carrier for the electromagnetic force. Instead, modern physics sees light as something that can be described sometimes with mathematics appropriate to one type of macroscopic metaphor (particles) and sometimes another macroscopic metaphor (water waves), but is actually something that cannot be fully imagined. As Albert Einstein wrote: Quoted in Through the work of Max Planck, Albert Einstein, Louis de Broglie, Arthur Compton, Niels Bohr, Erwin Schrödinger and many others, current scientific theory holds that all particles exhibit a wave nature and vice versa. Electromagnetic radiation propagates following linear wave equations, but can only be emitted or absorbed as discrete elements, thus acting as a wave and a particle simultaneously. ====Einstein's explanation of photoelectric effect==== In 1905, Albert Einstein provided an explanation of the photoelectric effect, an experiment that the wave theory of light failed to explain. Just as the photoelectric effect demonstrated the particle nature of light, these experiments showed the wave nature of matter. ==== Neutrons ==== Neutrons, produced in nuclear reactors with kinetic energy of around , thermalize to around as they scatter from light atoms. A quantum object will sometimes exhibit wave, sometimes particle character in different physical settings. The Physical Principles of the Quantum Theory, translated by C. Eckart and F.C. Hoyt, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp. 77–78. ===Neither-wave-nor-particle view=== It has been argued that there are never exact particles or waves, but only some compromise or intermediate between them. In this sense, gamma rays, X-rays, microwaves and radio waves are also light. Unlike light, matter wave particles may have mass, electric charge, magnetic moments, and internal structure, presenting new challenges and opportunities. In the quantum theory, photons are seen as wave packets of the waves described in the classical theory of Maxwell. Matter waves are a central part of the theory of quantum mechanics, being half of wave–particle duality. He claims that > atoms, with their neutrons, protons, and electrons, are not particles at all > but pure waves of matter. Wave-like behavior of matter was first experimentally demonstrated by George Paget Thomson and Alexander Reid's transmission diffraction experiment, and independently in the Davisson–Germer experiment, both using electrons; and it has also been confirmed for other elementary particles, neutral atoms and molecules. == Introduction == === Background === At the end of the 19th century, light was thought to consist of waves of electromagnetic fields which propagated according to Maxwell's equations, while matter was thought to consist of localized particles (see history of wave and particle duality). The of R. Horodecki relates the particle to wave. The de Broglie hypothesis and the existence of matter waves has been confirmed for other elementary particles, neutral atoms and even molecules have been shown to be wave-like. All matter exhibits wave-like behavior.

Light is a wave

Light is a particle

All of the above

Light behaves as both a particle and a wave

None of the above

D

When women live together, what happens to their menstrual cycles?

After providing personal details, they were given a description of menstrual synchrony: "Menstrual synchrony occurs when two or more women, who spend time with each other, have their periods at approximately the same time" (p. 257). ==Scientific details== The phenomenon of menstrual synchrony is the closeness in time of the menstrual cycle onsets of two or more women. Both Wilson and Arden and Dye pointed out that menstrual synchrony can occur by chance when there is menstrual cycle variability. Jarett concluded that whether menstrual synchrony occurs in a group of women may depend on the variability of their menstrual cycles. Martha McClintock's 1971 paper, published in Nature, says that menstrual cycle synchronization happens when the menstrual cycle onsets of two or more women become closer together in time than they were several months earlier. The experience of synchrony may be the result of the mathematical fact that menstrual cycles of different frequencies repeatedly converge and diverge over time and not due to a process of synchronization, and the probability of encountering such overlaps by chance is high. ===Evolutionary perspective=== Researchers are divided on whether menstrual synchrony would be adaptive. The phenomenon is not synchronization in the strict sense of concordance of menstrual cycle onsets but the term menstrual synchrony is still used perhaps misleadingly. They reported that mandrills do not synchronize their menstrual cycles and concluded that cycle synchrony does not occur in non-human primates. ====Lions==== Oestrus synchrony has been reported of lions in the wild. ==See also== * Culture and menstruation ==References and notes== ==External links== * The story of menstrual synchrony and suppression * "The Claim: Menstrual Cycles Can Synchronize Over Time" – The New York Times, February 5, 2008 * Dr. Harriet Hall, Menstrual Synchrony: Do Girls Who Go Together Flow Together? Monfort and colleagues conducted a study with eight females housed in pairs and found no evidence of synchrony. ====Mandrills==== Setchella, Kendala, and Tyniec investigated whether menstrual synchrony occurred in a semi-free-ranging population of mandrills of 10-group years. Since then, numerous investigations have supported the existence of menstrual synchronisation among women, including close friends, mothers and daughters, and coworkers [reviewed by Weller and Weller in 1993]. Yang and Schank argued that when there is cycle variability (i.e., either women have irregular cycles, have cycles of different frequencies, or both), most women will have the opportunity to experience synchrony even though it is a result of cycle variability and not a result of a mechanism such as the exchange of pheromones. Menstrual synchrony, also called the McClintock effect, or the Wellesley effect, is a contested process whereby women who begin living together in close proximity would experience their menstrual cycle onsets (the onset of menstruation or menses) becoming more synchronized together in time than when previously living apart. That is, whether women were placed into pairs of close friends and roommates or whether they were placed into larger groups of friends, she reported that they synchronized their menstrual cycles. In order to work out why menstrual synchrony might have evolved, it is necessary to investigate why individuals who synchronized their cycles might have had increased survival and reproduction in the evolutionary past. More recent studies, which took into account some of these methodological criticisms, failed to find menstrual synchrony. ===Terminology=== The term synchrony has been argued to be misleading because no study has ever found that menstrual cycles become strictly concordant, nevertheless menstrual synchrony is used to refer the phenomenon of menstrual cycle onsets becoming closer to each other over time. ===Status of the hypothesis=== In a 2013 systematic review of menstrual synchrony, Harris and Vitzthum concluded, "In light of the lack of empirical evidence for MS [menstrual synchrony] sensu stricto, it seems there should be more widespread doubt than acceptance of this hypothesis" (pp. 238–239). They discussed several factors that could have prevented synchrony in their study but they strongly suggested that menstrual synchrony may not be a real phenomenon because of the methodological issues Wilson raised and because menstrual synchrony appears to lack adaptive significance. Strassmann argued menstrual synchrony defined as menstruation overlap should be quite common. If, in addition, the duration of menstruation is considered (typically 3 to 5 days with a range of 2 to 7 days), then the experience of synchrony may last a number of months. Reviews in 2006 and 2013 concluded that menstrual synchrony likely does not exist. == Overview == ===Original study by Martha McClintock=== Martha McClintock published the first study on menstrual synchrony among women living together in dormitories at Wellesley College, a women's liberal arts college in Massachusetts, US. ===Proposed causes=== McClintock hypothesized that pheromones could cause menstrual cycle synchronization. Therefore, whether or not menstrual synchrony occurs among women who spend time together must remain a hypothesis requiring further investigation" (p. 358). Women who spent the most time together were more likely to exhibit menstrual synchrony in each of these investigations. Based on this assumption and one menstrual onset for each woman in a couple, they calculated the degree of synchrony.

Their periods will start at the same time

None of the above

Their menstrual cycles will sync

Nothing in particular happens to their menstrual cycles

They will have their menstrual cycles at the same time

D

What does it mean when a nuclear reactor goes critical?

A reactor achieves criticality (and is said to be critical) when each fission releases a sufficient number of neutrons to sustain an ongoing series of nuclear reactions. In the operation of a nuclear reactor, criticality is the state in which a nuclear chain reaction is self-sustaining—that is, when reactivity is zero. Criticality may refer to: ==Physics terms== *Critical phenomena, the collective name associated with the physics of critical points **Critical point (thermodynamics), the end point of a phase equilibrium curve **Quantum critical point, a special class of continuous phase transition that takes place at absolute zero ===Nuclear-physics terms=== *Critical mass, referring to criticality in nuclear physics, when a nuclear reactor's fissionable material can sustain a chain reaction by itself *Criticality (status), a milestone in the commissioning of a nuclear power plant *Criticality accident, an uncontrolled nuclear chain reaction *Nuclear criticality safety, the prevention of nuclear and radiation accidents resulting from an inadvertent, self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction *Prompt critical, an assembly for each nuclear fission event ==Other terms== *Critical thinking, in education *Criticality index, in risk analysis *Criticality matrix, a representation (often graphical) of failure modes along with their probabilities and severities *Self-organized criticality, a property of (classes of) dynamical systems which have a critical point as an attractor Nuclear weapons are based on prompt criticality, while nuclear reactors rely on delayed neutrons or external neutrons to achieve criticality. == Criticality == An assembly is critical if each fission event causes, on average, exactly one additional such event in a continual chain. Once a reactor plant is operating at its target or design power level, it can be operated to maintain its critical condition for long periods of time. === Prompt critical accidents === Nuclear reactors can be susceptible to prompt- criticality accidents if a large increase in reactivity (or k-effective) occurs, e.g., following failure of their control and safety systems. In most types of critical reactors, there exist circumstances in which the rate of fission can increase rapidly, damaging or destroying the reactor and allowing the escape of radioactive material (see SL-1 or Chernobyl disaster). In nuclear engineering, prompt criticality describes a nuclear fission event in which criticality (the threshold for an exponentially growing nuclear fission chain reaction) is achieved with prompt neutrons alone and does not rely on delayed neutrons. In supercritical states, reactivity is greater than zero. ==Applications== Criticality is the normal operating condition of a nuclear reactor, in which nuclear fuel sustains a fission chain reaction. This is an important milestone in the construction and commissioning of a nuclear power plant. ==See also== *Criticality accident *Critical mass *Prompt criticality ==References== Category:Nuclear chemistry Category:Nuclear physics Category:Nuclear technology Category:Radioactivity A reactor is in the zero power critical state if it is sustaining a stable fission chain reaction with no significant growth or decay in the reaction rate, and at a low enough level that thermal considerations are not important to the reaction. In these two catastrophes, the reactor plants went from complete shutdown to extremely high power levels in a fraction of a second, damaging the reactor plants beyond repair. ==List of accidental prompt critical excursions== A number of research reactors and tests have purposely examined the operation of a prompt critical reactor plant. Most nuclear reactors are held at a zero-power critical condition as part of the start-up sequence, to assess the condition of the reactor itself. A nuclear weapon relies heavily on prompt-supercriticality (to produce a high peak power in a fraction of a second), whereas nuclear power reactors use delayed-criticality to produce controllable power levels for months or years. == Nuclear reactors == In order to start up a controllable fission reaction, the assembly must be delayed-critical. Zero power critical is a condition of nuclear fission reactors that is useful for characterizing the reactor core. Nuclear criticality safety is concerned with mitigating the consequences of a nuclear criticality accident. Nuclear criticality safety is a field of nuclear engineering dedicated to the prevention of nuclear and radiation accidents resulting from an inadvertent, self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction. The rapid uncontrollable increase in reactor power in prompt-critical conditions is likely to irreparably damage the reactor and in extreme cases, may breach the containment of the reactor. As a simplistic analysis, a system will be exactly critical if the rate of neutron production from fission is exactly balanced by the rate at which neutrons are either absorbed or lost from the system due to leakage. A nuclear criticality accident occurs from operations that involve fissile material and results in a sudden and potentially lethal release of radiation. With the exception of experimental pulsed reactors, nuclear reactors are designed to operate in a delayed-critical mode and are provided with safety systems to prevent them from ever achieving prompt criticality. Nuclear reactors' safety systems are designed to prevent prompt criticality and, for defense in depth, reactor structures also provide multiple layers of containment as a precaution against any accidental releases of radioactive fission products. The International Atomic Energy Agency defines the first criticality date as the date when the reactor is made critical for the first time.

When a nuclear reactor goes critical, it is on the verge of a nuclear meltdown

A nuclear reactor that goes critical will explode

Criticality is the normal condition of a nuclear reactor

All of the above

A nuclear reactor that goes critical will undergo a meltdown

C

When does brain plasticity stop?

Neuroplasticity was once thought by neuroscientists to manifest only during childhood, but research in the latter half of the 20th century showed that many aspects of the brain can be altered (or are "plastic") even through adulthood. However, the developing brain exhibits a higher degree of plasticity than the adult brain. During these critical periods in development, plasticity occurs as a result of changes in the structure or function of developing neural circuits. Much like neuroplasticity, or brain plasticity, developmental plasticity is specific to the change in neurons and synaptic connections as a consequence of developmental processes. These developments in brain structure and the resulting implications are one factor that leads emerging adults to be considered more mature than adolescents. Neural Plasticity is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering all aspects of neuroplasticity, especially when concerning its functional involvement in the regulation of behavior and in psychopathology. Ker and Nelson suggest this degree of plasticity in the brains of children can "help provide a form of intervention for children... with developmental disorders and neurological diseases." Due to a sensitive period for plasticity, there is also a sensitive period for such intervention within the first 2–4 years of life. However, during developmental periods, synaptic plasticity is of particular importance, as changes in the network of synaptic connections can ultimately lead to changes in developmental milestones. Developmental plasticity is a general term referring to changes in neural connections during development as a result of environmental interactions as well as neural changes induced by learning. There is evidence that neurogenesis (birth of brain cells) occurs in the adult, rodent brain—and such changes can persist well into old age. Neuroplasticity, also known as neural plasticity, or brain plasticity, is the ability of neural networks in the brain to change through growth and reorganization. While there is considerable overlap between the onset of puberty and the developmental stage referred to as adolescence, there are considerably fewer hormonal and physical changes taking place in individuals between the ages of 18 and 25. While brain structures continue to develop during emerging adulthood, the cognition of emerging adults is an area that receives the majority of attention. The authors stated that: "In fact, this finding extends our understanding of the brain's plasticity because it is evidence that profound changes in the mental representation of the body can be induced purely by internal brain mechanisms—the brain truly does change itself." However, a main difference between the two is that phenotypic plasticity experienced during adulthood can be reversible, whereas traits that are considered developmentally plastic set foundations during early development that remain throughout the life of the organism. ==Mechanisms== thumb|Time-lapse video of a developing dendrite. He used the term plasticity in reference to his work on findings of degeneration and regeneration in the central nervous system after a person had reached adulthood, specifically. Genes that play central roles in synaptic plasticity were the most significantly affected by age, generally showing reduced expression over time. Up until the 1970s, neuroscientists believed that the brain's structure and function was essentially fixed throughout adulthood. These tendencies will, however, decrease as the individual progresses in age and as the neurobiological need to engage in sensation-seeking activities and impulsivity reduces. Furthermore, research suggests that this initial overproduction of synapses during developmental periods provides the foundation by which many synaptic connections can be formed, thus resulting in more synaptic plasticity. They are essentially a combination of the later years of young adulthood (30-35), extending to the early years of middle adulthood (40-45).

Brain plasticity stops at 25

Brain plasticity lasts through adulthood

Brain plasticity stops after adolescence

Brain plasticity stops after childhood

Brain plasticity stops in your mid-twenties

B

Can a husband and wife be arrested for the same crime in the U.S.?

The privileges may also be suspended where both spouses are joint participants in a crime, depending on the law of the jurisdiction. ====Communications privilege==== In all federal and state courts, a spousal communications privilege applies in both civil and criminal cases. However, in some countries, the spousal privileges have their roots in the legal fiction that a husband and wife were one person. ==Around the world== ===United States=== In the United States, federal case law dictates the privileges permissible and prohibited in federal trials,Federal Rules of Evidence Rule 501 while state case law governs their scope in state courts. Both rules may be suspended depending on the jurisdiction in the case of divorce proceedings or child custody disputes, but are suspended in cases where one spouse is accused of a crime against the other spouse or the spouse's child. The court rejected this argument, ruling that the exemption could be used only if the couple "objectively cohabited in the status of husband and wife, whether common law or otherwise", not if they merely believed they did.Statecasefiles.justia.com == References == == External links== * Marital Rape and the Law Category:Rape in the United States Unted States Category:Domestic violence in the United States Rape The holder of the privilege may invoke it regarding events which occurred (1) during the marriage, if the spouses are still married; and (2) prior to the marriage if they are married to their spouse in court proceedings at the time of trial. If, by the time the trial occurs, the spouses are no longer married, the privilege holder may testify freely about any events which occurred prior to, after, or even during the marriage. The spousal communications privilege may not be invoked if the spouses are suing each other or each other's estates in a civil case; nor if one of the spouses has initiated a criminal proceeding against the other; nor in a competency proceeding regarding one of the spouses. In the common law, spousal privilege (also called marital privilege or husband-wife privilege) is a term used in the law of evidence to describe two separate privileges that apply to spouses: the spousal communications privilege and the spousal testimonial privilege. Criminal prosecutions of adultery are rare in the United States, though it remains a crime in several states. In most jurisdictions including in federal courts, both the witness-spouse and the accused-spouse have the spousal communications privilege, so either may invoke it to prevent the witness-spouse from testifying about a confidential communication made during the marriage even if neither spouse are a party in the trial. Although the husband was acquitted of raping his wife, it spurred the movement towards reform; many American states began to allow prosecution for marital and cohabitation rape. === Laws change in all states by 1993 === In some states, courts have struck down the marital exemption as unconstitutional. Courts generally do not permit an adverse spouse to invoke either privilege during a trial initiated by the other spouse, or in the case of domestic abuse. Deriving from the legal fiction that a husband and wife are one person, it extends the defendant's protection against self-incrimination to his wife also. However, a spouse (or civil partner) who is an active co- defendant to the charge can only testify for the defence (and cannot be compelled to do so by either side), part of her own right to the privilege against self-incrimination. In the case, the husband was accused of raping his wife, the first man in the United States to be charged with raping his wife while they were still living together. By contrast, a person who is not married to the accused or who is married but living separate and apart can rely on many laws which deal with various forms of coercion. The law stated that a person could be guilty of the rape of a spouse at a time they are living together only if that person either "was armed with a weapon or any article used or fashioned in a manner to lead the alleged victim to reasonably believe it to be a weapon" or "caused serious bodily injury to the alleged victim". A majority of U.S. jurisdictions, however, do not follow U.S. federal common law; in most states, the party-spouse, and not the witness-spouse, is the holder of spousal testimonial privilege. It reads: The spousal rape law of Connecticut makes reference to force used or threatened against the "other spouse or cohabitor" while the 'ordinary' sexual assault law deals with force used or threatened against the "other person or against a third person". ===Idaho=== Idaho statute 18-6101 defines criminal rape, not excluding marital rape, as the oral, vaginal, or anal penetration by a penis and either the inability of the victim to give legal consent, the victim resisting but being overcome by force or violence, the victim being prevented from resisting, the victim being unconscious, or when the victim submits under certain false pretenses. ===Maryland=== Maryland law states that, if the spouses are living together, a prosecution can take place only if the accused "uses force or threat of force and the act is without the consent of the spouse". * Having sex with someone other than one's spouse without their consent is recognized as a crime. In other states, polygamy is usually punishable by imprisonment and/or a fine. For people who have entered a polygamous marriage outside the state, such clause makes it possible to be punished again if they move to the state and cohabit, but on the other hand it can protect them if they only visit the state without cohabiting.

No, a husband and wife cannot be arrested for the same crime

None of the above

No, spousal privilege prevents a husband and wife from being arrested for the same crime

Yes, a husband and wife can be arrested for the same crime

No, only the husband will be arrested

D

Legally, what does it mean if a lawsuit is frivolous?

Frivolous litigation may be based on absurd legal theories, may involve a superabundance or repetition of motions or additional suits, may be uncivil or harassing to the court, or may claim extreme remedies. Frivolous litigation is the use of legal processes with apparent disregard for the merit of one's own arguments. In law, frivolous or vexatious is a term used to challenge a complaint or a legal proceeding being heard as lacking in merit, or to deny, dismiss or strike out any ensuing judicial or non-judicial processes. This case has been cited as an example of frivolous litigation. While the term is referenced in laws and regulations, it is often not defined by statute, being developed instead by decisions of the courts. ==General meaning== "Frivolous" and "vexatious" generally mean different things, however both are typically grouped together as they relate to the same basic concept of a claim or complaint (or a series of many) not being brought in good faith: * A "frivolous" claim or complaint is one that has no serious purpose or value. Often a frivolous claim is one about a matter that is so trivial, meritless on its face, or without substance that investigation would be disproportionate in terms of time and cost. To be deemed frivolous, a litigant's arguments must strike beyond the pale.Weblogger Chris Pearson quotes more extensively from Washington v. It may take the form of a primary frivolous lawsuit or may be the repetitive, burdensome, and unwarranted filing of meritless motions in a matter which is otherwise a meritorious cause of action. Most frivolous lawsuits that are successful are filed without an attorney. A claim may be deemed frivolous because existing laws unequivocally prohibit such a claim, such as a so-called Good Samaritan law. The law firm may also be sanctioned, or even held in contempt. ==US Federal statutes and rules of court penalizing frivolous litigation== In the United States Tax Court, frivolous arguments may result in a penalty of up to $25,000 under . Jurisdictions differ on whether a claim or defense can be frivolous if the attorney acted in good faith. Litigants who represent themselves (in forma pauperis and pro se) sometimes make frivolous arguments due to their limited knowledge of the law and procedure. A frivolous party or a joke party is a political party which has been created for the purposes of entertainment or political satire. Rather, a pattern of frivolous legal actions is typically required to rise to the level of vexatious. The particular tendency of prisoners to bring baseless lawsuits led to passage of the Prison Litigation Reform Act of 1995, which limits the ability of prisoners to bring actions without payment. ==Court treatment of frivolous arguments== An example of a Court's treatment of frivolous arguments is found in the case of Crain v. A similar rule penalizing frivolous litigation applies in U.S. Bankruptcy Court under Rule 9011.Rule 9011(b)(2) and Rule 9011(c), Federal Rules of Bankruptcy Procedure. * A "vexatious" claim or complaint is one being pressed specifically to cause harassment, annoyance, frustration, worry, or even bring financial cost (such as the engagement of a defence lawyer) to their defendant or respondent.Ombudsman Services factsheet on frivolous and vexatious complaints ==In Ireland== ===Meaning=== The term is not defined in statute law, but has been defined in legal cases. A claim or defense may be frivolous because it had no underlying justification in fact, or because it was not presented with an argument for a reasonable extension or reinterpretation of the law. A case is frivolous if it has no reasonable chance of succeeding, and is vexatious if it would bring hardship on the opposite party to defend against an unnecessary and inevitably unsuccessful claim.Justice Barron, Farley vs Ireland & Others, [1997] IESC 60 at page 1521 ===Usage=== The term is used in many Acts of the Oireachtas and statutory instruments. A collusive lawsuit, collusive action or friendly suit is a lawsuit in which the parties to the suit have no actual quarrel with one another, but one sues the other to achieve some result desired by both. ==Advantages== The law condones this practice because there are several benefits to settling a lawsuit as opposed to settling a claim outside of a lawsuit. California *Barratry *Franchise fraud *Frivolous or vexatious *Judith Richardson Haimes *Malicious prosecution *Michigan Lawsuit Abuse Watch * Pseudolaw *Stella Awards *SLAPP *Spamigation *Tax protester arguments *Tax protester *Tort reform *Vexatious litigation ==Notes== ==External links== *Lawsuit.no: Frivolous lawsuit archive Category:Abuse of the legal system Category:Civil procedure Category:American legal terminology Category:Tort law

If a lawsuit is frivolous, it concerns a trivial disagreement

None of the above

If a lawsuit is frivolous, it involves petty issues

All of the above

If a lawsuit is frivolous, it lacks a legal argument

E

What happens if your parents die in debt in America?

Inheritance law regulates the financial consequences that arise as a result of the death of individuals, as well as the subsequent transfer of their assets. Inheritance taxes are paid not by the estate of the deceased, but by the inheritors of the estate. When households take on credit based on this assumption, life events can easily change indebtedness into over-indebtedness. Taxpayers in the United States may have tax consequences when debt is cancelled. At the household level, debts can also have detrimental effects — particularly when households make spending decisions assuming income will increase, or remain stable, in years to come. Debt may be owed by sovereign state or country, local government, company, or an individual. The inheritance shall be received by the following natural persons according to the following order: * Level I: descendants of the deceased; * Level II: the parents of the deceased * Level III: # grandparents of the deceased and their descendants; # siblings of the deceased and their descendants; * Level IV Collateral heirs from the third to the sixth level of inheritance. Debt is an obligation that requires one party, the debtor, to pay money borrowed or otherwise withheld from another party, the creditor. In the United States, the estate tax is a federal tax on the transfer of the estate of a person who dies. Debt dependence or debt dependency may refer to: * Debt-trap diplomacy, a country's loss of autonomy due to imposed debt * Debt bondage, the nonindependence or slavery of a person due to debt * Debt slavery and the bible, historical and theological approach to debt slavery Such debts can cause problems when they are not paid back according to expectations of the lending household. This is because biblically debt is seen as the responsibility of both the creditor and the debtor. Debtor and Creditor can refer to: * Debtor * Creditor ==See also== *Debt Six states have "inheritance taxes" levied on the person who receives money or property from the estate of the deceased. The debtor is said to default on their debt. Debt with an associated interest rate will increase through time if it is not repaid faster than it grows through interest. Loans, bonds, notes, and mortgages are all types of debt. In international legal thought, odious debt is debt that is incurred by a regime for purposes that do not serve the interest of the state. Bad Debt is a loan that can not (partially or fully) be repaid by the debtor. Six U.S. states levy an inheritance tax on the beneficiary of the estate; Iowa, Kentucky, Maryland, Nebraska, New Jersey and Pennsylvania. For individuals, debt is a means of using anticipated income and future purchasing power in the present before it has actually been earned. In states that impose an inheritance tax, the tax rate depends on the status of the person receiving the property, and in some jurisdictions, how much they receive.

If your parents die in debt, you will inherit the debt

If your parents die in debt, you are responsible for paying off the debt

If your parents die in debt, their estate is responsible for paying off the debt

All of the above

None of the above

C

In the U.S., can the victim of a domestic violence case drop the charges?

Domestic violence is not a specific criminal offense: it can be charged under various crimes of the criminal code (e.g. assault), but in practice cases of domestic violence turn into criminal cases only when they involve severe injuries, or the victim has died. Perpetrators of domestic violence can be charged under general statutes, but most states have also enacted specific statutes that specifically criminalize acts of domestic violence. People who perpetrate acts of domestic violence are subject to criminal prosecution. If aggravated circumstances are present, people can be charged with the crime of "Criminal domestic violence of a high and aggravated nature." On the other hand, women accused of beating their husbands were not punished as severely and were even sometimes applauded by judges for "disciplining" their husbands. ==Laws== Victims of domestic violence are offered legal remedies that are both civil and criminal in nature. Domestic violence most often turns into domestic homicide when the victim is leaving the relationship, something that may be pushed if not forced by aggressive prosecution.See Neil Websdale, "Lethality Assessment Tools: A Critical Analysis", National Online Resource Center on Violence Against Women ==Changes in the United States following Crawford v. However, this ruling was in the case of a woman from Guatemala and thus applies only to women from Guatemala. ===State law=== ====California==== In California, depending on the circumstances of the case and the perpetrator's criminal record, the crime of domestic violence may be charged as either a felony or a misdemeanor. According to some studies, less than 1% of domestic violence cases are reported to the police. Acts of domestic violence can have a significant impact on Child custody laws in the United States litigation, most notably when an act of domestic violence is committed in the presence of the minor child. This occurs for a variety of reasons and includes seeking dismissal of charges, lying to prosecutors or police, recanting statements about the abuse, refusing to talk about the abuse, perjuring themselves in court to protect the abuser, or refusing to come to court altogether.See "Explaining Counterintuitive Behavior in Domestic Violence and Sexual Assault Cases", The Voice Volume I, Issue 4, National Center for the Prosecution of Violence Against Women, 2006. It is widely practiced within the American legal system by specialized prosecutors and state's attorneys and relies on utilizing a variety of evidence to prove the guilt of an abuser with limited or adverse participation by the abuser's victim, or even no participation at all. ==Context within domestic violence prosecution== Evidence-based Prosecution arose from the unique challenges facing prosecutors in domestic violence cases. Domestic violence in United States is a form of violence that occurs within a domestic relationship. In jurisdictions with aggressive enforcement of domestic violence laws, approximately 65-70% of victims do not cooperate with prosecution.Brady Henderson & Tyson Stanek, Esq., Domestic Violence: from the Crime Scene to the Courtroom, Oklahoma Coalition Against Domestic Violence & Sexual Assault, 2008. It can result in more convictions of domestic abusers, particularly those who might otherwise go free as a result of their effectiveness in manipulating or threatening their victims to keep them from testifying. The National Coalition Against Domestic Violence in the United States reports that: * 25% - 50% of victims of abuse from a partner have lost their job due to domestic violence. * 35% - 56% of victims of domestic violence are harassed at work by their partners. Advocates of these policies contend that the criminal justice system is sometimes the only way to reach victims of domestic violence, and that if an offender knows he will be arrested, it will deter future domestic violence conduct. Domestic violence can take many forms, including physical aggression or assault (hitting, kicking, biting, shoving, restraining, slapping, throwing objects, beating up, etc.), or threats thereof; sexual abuse; controlling or domineering; intimidation; stalking; passive/covert abuse (e.g. neglect); and economic deprivation. Other possible criminal charges may be brought based upon the facts of the offense, potentially including charges such as harassment, menacing or false imprisonment. Prosecution of gender-targeted crimes is the legal proceedings to prosecute crimes such as rape and domestic violence. Laws on domestic violence vary by country. By the early 20th century, it was common for police to intervene in cases of domestic violence in the US, but arrests remained rare. This is evidenced in part by the fact that domestic violence victims are typically abused in a variety of situations and by a variety of means.

All of the above

Yes, if the victim is the accuser, they are free to drop the charges

Yes, the victim can drop the charges

None of the above

No, the victim cannot drop the charges once a prosecutor is involved

E

What do archaeologists spend most of their time doing?

Modern archaeological excavation has evolved to include removal of thin layers of sediment sequentially and recording of measurements about artifacts' locations in a site. ==Motivation== There are two basic types of modern archaeological excavation: # Research excavation – when time and resources are available to excavate the site fully and at a leisurely pace. Environmental archaeology is commonly divided into three sub- fields: * archaeobotany (the study of plant remains) * zooarchaeology (the study of faunal remains) * geoarchaeology (the study of geological processes and their relationship to the archaeological record) Environmental archaeology often involves studying plant and animal remains in order to investigate which plant and animal species were present at the time of prehistoric habitations, and how past societies managed them. In archaeology, excavation is the exposure, processing and recording of archaeological remains. Archaeology is the study of human activity in the past, primarily through the recovery and analysis of the material culture and environmental data that they have left behind, which includes artifacts, architecture, biofacts (also known as eco-facts) and cultural landscapes (the archaeological record). Other related fields include: * landscape archaeology * bioarchaeology and human ecology * climatology * palaeoecology * archival research == History == Environmental archaeology has emerged as a distinct discipline since the second half of the 20th century. This is a list of archaeologists – people who study or practise archaeology, the study of the human past through material remains. ==A== *Kamyar Abdi (born 1969) Iranian; Iran, Neolithic to the Bronze Age *Aziz Ab'Saber (1924–2012) Brazilian; Brazil *Johann Michael Ackner (1783–1862) Transylvanian; Roman Dacia *Dinu Adameșteanu (1913–2004) Romanian-Italian; aerial photography and survey of sites *James M. Adovasio (born 1944) U.S.; Just like paleobiologists, archaeologists seek to answer similar research questions and tasks. There are two main approaches currently used to analyze archaeological remains from an evolutionary perspective: evolutionary archaeology and behavioral (or evolutionary) ecology. This has prompted environmental archaeologists to argue that an understanding of past environmental changes is essential to model future outcomes in areas such as climate change, land cover change, soil health and food security. ==References== ==External links== * What is Environmental Archaeology? Each focus within environmental archaeology collects information about a different aspect of humans' relation with their surrounding environment. Both paleobiologist/paleontologist and archaeologists engage in excavations to retrieve information about past specimens. Environmental archaeology is a sub-field of archaeology which emerged in 1970s and is the science of reconstructing the relationships between past societies and the environments they lived in. The field is multidisciplinary, and environmental archaeologists, as well as palaeoecologists, work side by side with archaeologists and anthropologists specialising in material culture studies in order to achieve a more holistic understanding of past human livelihood and people-environment interactions, especially how climatic stress affected humans and forced them to adapt. The workforce involved is generally more skilled, however, and pre-development excavations also provide a comprehensive record of the areas investigated. The development of the field of archaeology has its roots with history and with those who were interested in the past, such as kings and queens who wanted to show past glories of their respective nations. Although this was done in a manner that would be considered inappropriate today, it helped raise the profile of archaeology considerably. ==Modern methodology== ==See also== *Antiquarian *Archaeology of Russia *Archaeology of the Americas *Council for British Archaeology *History of anthropology *Register of Professional Archaeologists *List of Russian historians *Outline of archaeology *Typology (archaeology) *Women in archaeology * List of archaeological sites by country ==References== ==Further reading== *Christenson, Andrew L., Tracing Archaeology's Past: The Historiography of Archaeology. Environmental archaeology: theoretical and practical approaches. Samples of deposits from contexts are sometimes also taken, for later environmental analysis or for scientific dating. ===Digital recording=== Digital tools used by field archaeologists during excavation include GPS, tablet computers, relational databases, digital cameras, 3d laser scanners, and unmanned aerial vehicles. Reconstructing past environments and past peoples' relationships and interactions with the landscapes they inhabited provides archaeologists with insights into the origin and evolution of anthropogenic environments, and prehistoric adaptations and economic practices. Sediment and soil are often studied because this is where the majority of artifacts are found, but also because natural processes and human behavior can alter the soil and reveal its history. * A-Z of Archaeology: S - Seeds (Botanical Remains) * A-Z of Archaeology: T - Taphonomy (Site Formation Processes) * Aspects of Archaeology: Archaeozoology * Animals, Food and Ancient Culture * Association for Environmental Archaeology * Historic England - Environmental Archaeology * Archaeology Data Service - Environmental Archaeology Bibliography * Environmental Archaeology - Theory and Practice: Looking Back, Moving Forwards - open access themed issue Category:Archaeological science Category:Environmental science When archaeological finds are below the surface of the ground (as is most commonly the case), the identification of the context of each find is vital to enable the archaeologist to draw conclusions about the site and the nature and date of its occupation.

Archaeologists spend most of their time excavating historical sites

Archaeologists spend most of their time digging

Archaeologists spend most of their time hunting for artifacts

Archaeologists spend most of their time digging up dinosaurs

Archaeologists spend most of their time analyzing artifacts and data

E

When is the Earth closest to the Sun?

In other words, the Earth is closer to the Sun in January, and further away in July, which might seem counter-intuitive to those residing in the northern hemisphere, where it is colder when the Earth is closest to the sun and warmer when it is furthest away. The day of a solstice in either hemisphere has either the most sunlight of the year (summer solstice) or the least sunlight of the year (winter solstice) for any place other than the Equator. thumb|Earth during the summer solstice in June 2017 The summer solstice or estival solstice occurs when one of Earth's poles has its maximum tilt toward the Sun. The orbital ellipse goes through each of the six Earth images, which are sequentially the perihelion (periapsis—nearest point to the Sun) on anywhere from January 2 to January 5, the point of March equinox on March 19, 20, or 21, the point of June solstice on June 20, 21, or 22, the aphelion (apoapsis—the farthest point from the Sun) on anywhere from July 3 to July 5, the September equinox on September 22, 23, or 24, and the December solstice on December 21, 22, or 23. * Northern solstice and southern solstice indicate the hemisphere of the Sun's location. For that hemisphere, the summer solstice is the day with the longest period of daylight and shortest night of the year, when the Sun is at its highest position in the sky. Since the southern hemisphere is tilted toward the Sun at about the same time that the Earth reaches the closest approach to the Sun, the southern hemisphere receives slightly more energy from the Sun than does the northern over the course of a year. thumb|upright=1.5|Earth at seasonal points in its orbit (not to scale) thumb|Earth orbit (yellow) compared to a circle (gray) Earth orbits the Sun at an average distance of 149.60 million km (92.96 million mi) in a counterclockwise direction as viewed from above the Northern Hemisphere. The northern solstice is in June, when the Sun is directly over the Tropic of Cancer in the Northern Hemisphere, and the southern solstice is in December, when the Sun is directly over the Tropic of Capricorn in the Southern Hemisphere. File:Earth-lighting-summer-solstice EN.png|Illumination of Earth by Sun on 21 June. Also during the June solstice, places on the Arctic Circle (latitude 66.56° north) will see the Sun just on the horizon during midnight, and all places north of it will see the Sun above horizon for 24 hours. Although the summer solstice is the longest day of the year for that hemisphere, the dates of earliest sunrise and latest sunset vary by a few days. It begins when the Sun reaches the celestial longitude of 90° (around June 21) and ends when the Sun reaches the longitude of 105° (around July 7). On the summer solstice, Earth's maximum axial tilt toward the Sun is 23.44°. When it is the summer solstice at one Pole, it is the winter solstice on the other. The start and end dates of a season on any planet of the Solar System depends on same factors valid on Earth, but which have different values on different planets: * North Pole direction (rotation axis direction) * Vernal equinox direction * Orbit eccentricity * Year duration * Orbit plane inclination All these factors affect how much energy from Sun falls on all the points at a same given latitude (i.e. a parallel) on the planet during daytime; if such amount of energy changes during the year, the planet has seasons. == North Pole and rotation axis == If the rotation axis of the planet is not perpendicular to the orbit plane, the incidence of the Sun on each point of planet surface will change during the year, which is the main reason of existence of seasons. == Equinox direction == Given the different Sun incidence in different positions in the orbit, it is necessary to define a standard point of the orbit of the planet, to define the planet position in the orbit at each moment of the year w.r.t such point; this point is called with several names: vernal equinox, spring equinox, March equinox, all equivalent, and named considering northern hemisphere seasons. The word solstice is derived from the Latin sol ("sun") and sistere ("to stand still"), because at the solstices, the Sun's declination appears to "stand still"; that is, the seasonal movement of the Sun's daily path (as seen from Earth) pauses at a northern or southern limit before reversing direction. == Definitions and frames of reference == For an observer at the North Pole, the Sun reaches the highest position in the sky once a year in June. This variation in the weather (because of the direction of the Earth's axial tilt) results in the seasons. ==Events in the orbit== By astronomical convention, the four seasons are determined by the solstices (the two points in the Earth's orbit of the maximum tilt of the Earth's axis, toward the Sun or away from the Sun) and the equinoxes (the two points in the Earth's orbit where the Earth's tilted axis and an imaginary line drawn from the Earth to the Sun are exactly perpendicular to one another). Far left: northern solstice File:ReflectedSolarRadiation Solstices.jpg|The globe on an equirectangular projection to show the amount of reflected sunlight at southern and northern summer solstices, respectively (watts / m2). ==Cultural aspects== ===Ancient Greek names and concepts=== The concept of the solstices was embedded in ancient Greek celestial navigation. The warmest and coldest periods of the year in temperate regions are offset by about one month from the solstices, delayed by the earth's thermal inertia. The Summer Triangle is an astronomical asterism in the northern celestial hemisphere. The summer solstice occurs during the hemisphere's summer.

All of the above

The Earth is closest to the Sun during the summer

The Earth is closest to the Sun in January

The Earth is closest to the Sun in July

None of the above

C

Which is denser, water vapor or air?

With this definition, the vapour density would indicate whether a gas is denser (greater than one) or less dense (less than one) than air. Air is given a vapour density of one. Vapour density is the density of a vapour in relation to that of hydrogen. In thermodynamics, vapor quality is the mass fraction in a saturated mixture that is vapor; in other words, saturated vapor has a "quality" of 100%, and saturated liquid has a "quality" of 0%. At 101.325kPa (abs) and , air has a density of approximately , which is about that of water, according to the International Standard Atmosphere (ISA). This occurs because the molar mass of water vapor (18g/mol) is less than the molar mass of dry airas dry air is a mixture of gases, its molar mass is the weighted average of the molar masses of its components (around 29g/mol). For this use, air has a molecular weight of 28.97 atomic mass units, and all other gas and vapour molecular weights are divided by this number to derive their vapour density.HazMat Math: Calculating Vapor Density . The following table illustrates the air density–temperature relationship at 1 atm or 101.325 kPa: ==Humid air== thumb|right|400px|Effect of temperature and relative humidity on air density The addition of water vapor to air (making the air humid) reduces the density of the air, which may at first appear counter-intuitive. Vapour density is a dimensionless quantity. ==Alternative definition== In many web sources, particularly in relation to safety considerations at commercial and industrial facilities in the U.S., vapour density is defined with respect to air, not hydrogen.MSDS Glossary of Terms – Vapour Density. The density of humid air is found by:Shelquist, R (2009) Equations - Air Density and Density Altitude \rho_\text{humid air} = \frac{p_\text{d}}{R_\text{d} T} + \frac{p_\text{v}}{R_\text{v} T} = \frac{p_\text{d}M_\text{d} + p_\text{v}M_\text{v}}{R T} where: *\rho_\text{humid air}, density of the humid air (kg/m3) *p_\text{d}, partial pressure of dry air (Pa) *R_\text{d}, specific gas constant for dry air, 287.058J/(kg·K) *T, temperature (K) *p_\text{v}, pressure of water vapor (Pa) *R_\text{v}, specific gas constant for water vapor, 461.495J/(kg·K) *M_\text{d}, molar mass of dry air, 0.0289652kg/mol *M_\text{v}, molar mass of water vapor, 0.018016kg/mol *R, universal gas constant, 8.31446J/(K·mol) The vapor pressure of water may be calculated from the saturation vapor pressure and relative humidity. The density of the air at the surface is 65 kg/m3, which is 6.5% that of liquid water on Earth. The density of humid air may be calculated by treating it as a mixture of ideal gases. That means acetone vapour is twice as heavy as air. As relative humidity is a dimensionless quantity (often expressed in terms of a percentage), vapor density can be stated in units of grams or kilograms per cubic meter. Air is a mixture of gases and the calculations always simplify, to a greater or lesser extent, the properties of the mixture. ==Temperature== Other things being equal, hotter air is less dense than cooler air and will thus rise through cooler air. For example, acetone has a vapour density of 2MSDS: Acetone. In this case, the partial pressure of water vapor is known as the vapor pressure. It may be defined as mass of a certain volume of a substance divided by mass of same volume of hydrogen. :vapour density = mass of n molecules of gas / mass of n molecules of hydrogen gas . :vapour density = molar mass of gas / molar mass of H2 :vapour density = molar mass of gas / 2.016 :vapour density = × molar mass (and thus: molar mass = ~2 × vapour density) For example, vapour density of mixture of NO2 and N2O4 is 38.3. It is found by: p_\text{v} = \phi p_\text{sat} where: *p_\text{v}, vapor pressure of water *\phi, relative humidity (0.0–1.0) *p_\text{sat}, saturation vapor pressure The saturation vapor pressure of water at any given temperature is the vapor pressure when relative humidity is 100%. Vapor quality is an intensive property which can be used in conjunction with other independent intensive properties to specify the thermodynamic state of the working fluid of a thermodynamic system. So when water molecules (water vapor) are added to a given volume of air, the dry air molecules must decrease by the same number, to keep the pressure or temperature from increasing. The values shown at hyperphysics-sources indicate that the saturated vapor density is 4.85 g/m3 at 273 K, at which the saturated vapor pressure is 4.58 mm of Hg or 610.616447 Pa (760 mm of Hg ≈ 1 atm = 1.01325 * 105 Pa).

Water vapor is denser than air

Water vapor is denser than air

Air is denser than water vapor

None of the above

All of the above

C

Do people who like to organize things have a mental disorder?

People with hoarding disorder commonly live with other complex and/or psychological disorders such as depression, anxiety, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Mental disorders are classified as a psychological condition marked primarily by sufficient disorganization of personality, mind, and emotions to seriously impair the normal psychological and often social functioning of the individual. To overcome this obstacle, some clinicians recommend accompanying individual therapy with home visits to help the clinician: Likewise, certain cases are assisted by professional organizers as well. == In popular culture == *Maguire, Emily: Love Objects (2021), Allen & Unwin, *Hoarders - TV series *Hoarding: Buried Alive == See also == Hoarders * Alexander Kennedy Miller, hoarded about 30 Stutz automobiles (19061993) * Collyer brothers, Homer Collyer (18811947) and Langley Collyer (18851947) * Edmund Trebus (19182002), participated in TV documentary == References == == Further reading == * * * Article discussing the disorder and its relationship to OCD. * ==External links== * The ICD Clutter–Hoarding Scale * Non-commercial compulsive hoarding forum * HoardingUK The WHO and national surveys report that there is no single consensus on the definition of mental disorder, and that the phrasing used depends on the social, cultural, economic and legal context in different contexts and in different societies. Mental disorders may consist of several affective, behavioral, cognitive and perceptual components. Community organizing is a process where people who live in proximity to each other or share some common problem Compare: come together into an organization that acts in their shared self-interest. The classification of mental disorders is also known as psychiatric nosology or psychiatric taxonomy. Organizing or organising is the establishment of effective authority- relationships among selected works, persons and workplaces in order for the group to work together efficiently, or the process of dividing work into sections and departments, which often improves efficiency. ==History== The organizing of information could be noticed since human beings learned to write in the 4th millennium BC. Organizing involves coordinating and arranging people in order to meet up and establish a set planned objective. Compulsive hoarding, also known as hoarding disorder or Plyushkin's disorder, is a mental disorder characterised by accumulation of possessions due to excessive acquisition of or difficulty discarding them, regardless of their actual value, leading to clinically significant distress or impairment in personal, family, social, educational, occupational or other important areas of functioning. Other factors often associated with hoarding include alcohol dependence and paranoid, schizotypal and avoidance traits. == Differential diagnosis== Collecting and hoarding may seem similar, but there are distinct characteristics that set the behaviors apart. There are currently two widely established systems for classifying mental disorders: * Chapter V of the tenth International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) produced by the World Health Organization (WHO); * The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) produced by the American Psychiatric Association (APA). Organizing involves the establishment of an intentional structure of roles through determination and enumeration of the activities required to achieve the goals of an enterprise. This gives the department more control and efficiency. ===Importance of organizing=== *Organizations are often troubled by how to organize, particularly when a new strategy is developed. However, some use "mental illness" as the main overarching term to encompass mental disorders.Office of the Surgeon General and various United States Government agencies (1999) Mental Health: A report of the Surgeon General Some consumer/survivor movement organizations oppose use of the term "mental illness" on the grounds that it supports the dominance of a medical model. The WHO reports that there is intense debate about which conditions should be included under the concept of mental disorder; a broad definition can cover mental illness, intellectual disability, personality disorder and substance dependence, but inclusion varies by country and is reported to be a complex and debated issue. Associationism is the idea that mental processes operate by the association of one mental state with its successor states. The DSM also states that "there is no assumption that each category of mental disorder is a completely discrete entity with absolute boundaries dividing it from other mental disorders or no mental disorders." Another set of diagnoses that appeared to have a periodic course and better outcome were grouped together under the category of manic-depressive insanity (mood disorder). As possessions cannot provide support in the way humans can and because saving excessively can frustrate other people due to its impact on their quality of life, individuals with hoarding disorder may be caught in a feedback loop. Individuals with hoarding problems have been shown to have greater interpersonal problems than individuals who only excessively acquire possessions, which provides some support for the assumption that individuals with hoarding problems may have a stronger motivation to hang onto possessions for support. * Category:Classification of mental disorders Category:Mental disorders

Yes, people who like to organize things have OCD

All of the above

Yes, only people with OCD like to keep things organized

No, organizing things is not necessarily a sign of a mental disorder

None of the above

D

How many personalities do schizophrenics have?

American Psychologist, 17, 827 838. according to both of whom schizotypal symptoms merely represent less explicitly expressed manifestations of the underlying disease process which is schizophrenia. The multi dimensional nature of schizotypal traits: a factor analytic study with normal subjects. The fully dimensional approach argues that full blown psychosis is not just high schizotypy, but must involve other factors that make it qualitatively different and pathological. == Relationship to other personality traits and sociodemographics== Many research studies have examined the relationship between schizotypy and various standard models of personality, such as the Five factor model. Similarly, when analyzed, schizotypy traits often break down into similar groups as do symptoms from schizophreniaLiddle, P.F. (1987). Multiple personality may refer to * Dissociative identity disorder, previously known as multiple personality disorder * Multiplicity (psychology), the broader phenomenon of multiple or differentiated personalities in an individual As a kind of temperament, schizothymic personality traits are thought to be innate rather than the result of socialization or a lack thereof (Nature versus Nurture). == See also == * Psychoticism * Schizoid personality disorder * Schizotypal personality disorder * Schizotypy ==References== == External links == * * Category:Schizophrenia Category:Psychosis Personality and Individual Differences, 39, 705-713 is consistent with the notion of a "healthy schizotypy", which may account for the persistence of schizophrenia-related genes in the population despite their many dysfunctional aspects. Schizotaxia, schizotypy, schizophrenia. Schizotaxia, schizotypy, schizophrenia. Personality and Individual Differences, 6, 1 10. have found various types of abnormal co-variation between different psychophysiological variables in schizotypes, including between measures of cortical and autonomic arousal. In psychology, schizotypy is a theoretical concept that posits a continuum of personality characteristics and experiences, ranging from normal dissociative, imaginative states to extreme states of mind related to psychosis, especially schizophrenia. It has been argued that these findings provide evidence for a fully dimensional model of schizotypy and that there is a continuum between normal personality and schizotypy. The factor structure of 'schizotypal' traits: A large replication study. Schizotypy also shows positive relationships with schizoid, paranoid, and avoidant personality traits, and a negative relationship with obsessive-compulsive personality traits (particularly with disorganized schizotypy). Personality and Individual Differences, 32, 141-154. found that high schizotypes as measured by factor 1 (above) scored lower than controls on the introverted anhedonia factor, as if they were particularly enjoying life. This factor is also often referred to as "negative schizotypy" and "schizoidia" # Impulsive nonconformity: The disposition to unstable mood and behaviour particularly with regard to rules and social conventions. ==The relationship between schizotypy, mental health and mental illness== Although aiming to reflect some of the features present in diagnosable mental illness, schizotypy does not necessarily imply that someone who is more schizotypal than someone else is more ill. The continuum of personality proposed in schizotypy is in contrast to a categorical view of psychosis, wherein psychosis is considered a particular (usually pathological) state of mind, which the person either has or does not have. ==Development of the concept== The categorical view of psychosis is most associated with Emil Kraepelin, who created criteria for the medical diagnosis and classification of different forms of psychotic illness. On this latest Claridge model, schizotypy is regarded as a dimension of personality, normally distributed throughout the population, as in the Eysenck model. Relationships between schizotypy and the Temperament and Character Inventory have also been examined. Narcissism is negatively associated with schizotypy, (though persons high in schizotypy may experience grandiose delusions and idionomia, which may be mistaken for narcissism) and borderline personality traits are positively associated with schizotypy as well hypomanic personality traits. Factor structure of schizotypy scales. Each approach is sometimes used to imply that schizotypy reflects a cognitive or biological vulnerability to psychosis, although this may remain dormant and never express itself, unless triggered by appropriate environmental events or conditions (such as certain doses of drugs or high levels of stress). ===Quasi-dimensional approach=== The quasi-dimensional model may be traced back to Bleuler (the inventor of the term ‘schizophrenia’), who commented on two types of continuity between normality and psychosis: that between the schizophrenic and his or her relatives, and that between the patient's premorbid and post-morbid personalities (i.e. their personality before and after the onset of overt psychosis).

Schizophrenics have multiple personalities

None of the above

Schizophrenics have multiple personalities

Schizophrenics have one personality

All of the above

D

What colors do dogs see?

Some animals are brightly coloured, while others are hard to see. It's hard to tell if these dogs are black or blue. There are three recognised colours, black, chocolate, and yellow,Carol Coode, Labrador Retrievers Today, Howell Book House: New York, 1993. that result from the interplay among genes that direct production and expression of two pigments, eumelanin (brown or black pigment) and pheomelanin (yellow to red pigment), in the fur and skin of the dog. Dog coat colors are from patterns of: * Eumelanin — black, chocolate brown, grey or taupe pigment; * Phaeomelanin — tan pigment, including all shades of red, gold and cream pigment; and/or * Lack of melanin — white (no pigment). Therefore, a dog that appears to be "blue" may have a black nose and black eyes because it is actually a black dog with the gray gene, not a proper blue diluent. right|thumb|The three recognised colours of Labrador Retriever (top to bottom): chocolate, black and yellow. The recognized colours are due to two genes, while a third gene affects the range of colouration observed within the yellow Labrador. Animal Coloration, An Account of the Principal Facts and Theories Relating to the Colours and Markings of Animals. For this reason, much of the early work on the colouration of dogs in general and Labradors in particular have relied heavily on analogy to the traits characterized in mice and other mammals.Christopher B. Kaelin and Gregory S. Barsh, "Genetics and Pigmentation in Dogs and Cats", Annual Review of Animal Bioscience, 1: 125-156 (2013) Initial genetic studies of coat colour in dogs published in the 1950s concluded that there were two main genes involved, one distinguishing blacks from browns, and the other distinguishing blacks from reds and yellows.O. Winge, Inheritance in Dogs with Special Reference to the Hunting Breeds, (Ithaca, NY: Comstock Publishing, 1950)C. C. Little, Inheritance of Coat Color in Dogs, (Ithaca, NY: Comstock Publishing, 1957)Sheila M. Schmuts, Tom G. Berryere and Angela D. Goldfinch, "TYRP1 and MC1R genotypes and their effects on coat color in dogs", Mammalian Genome, 13: 380-387 (2002) A 1977 study using crosses within a population of purebred Labradors showed the involvement of two specific genes in production of the three main coat colours of Labradors and described the underlying genetics of these colour varieties. ==Genes for black, chocolate, and yellow colouration== ===Pheomelanin in yellow Labradors=== left|thumb|Colour variation within yellow Labradors due to differences in pheomelanin expression. Dogs with melanin can occasionally see amber eyes.[article refers to Dr Sheila M. Schmutz] ==== Blue eyes ==== Blue eyes in dogs are often related to pigment loss in coatings. In most cases, eye colour is directly related to coat colour, but blue eyes in the Siberian Husky and related breeds, and copper eyes in some herding dogs are not known to be related to coat colour. Animals produce colour in both direct and indirect ways. Finally, animals can be coloured incidentally. * Dogs with a lower CNV were observed to have lighter gold and orange colors. The resulting puppies were all consistent with the inheritance pattern of a yellow Labrador with black pigment. Thus these differences are visible only in yellow Labradors, which as a result range in colour from light cream to copper-red. * Dogs with a higher CNV were observed to have darker, richer colors such as deep gold, red, and chestnut. *The second way blue eyes can appear is when a dog has a lot of white fur on the face. Adaptive Coloration in Animals. Dog fur is colored by two types of melanin: eumelanin (brownish-black) and phaeomelanin (reddish-yellow). Together these genes account for the variation in coat color seen in dogs. Animals coloured in these ways can have striking natural patterns.

Dogs see in black and white

All of the above

Dogs see yellow, blue, brown, and gray

Dogs cannot see color

None of the above

C

What happens if you crack your knuckles a lot?

The study concluded that knuckle- cracking did not cause hand osteoarthritis, no matter how many years or how often a person cracked their knuckles. The cracking of joints, especially knuckles, was long believed to lead to arthritis and other joint problems. He self-reported no issues with arthritis on either hand.Does knuckle cracking lead to arthritis of the fingers? == Gallery == Knuckles.jpg|Clenched fist with knuckles (encircled in red) MotorcycleRacingGlove.jpg|Motorcycle racing gloves with titanium knuckle protectors == See also == * Metatarsophalangeal joints, also informally known as toe knuckles, the equivalent joints in the toes. == References == Category:Fingers The snapping of tendons or scar tissue over a prominence (as in snapping hip syndrome) can also generate a loud snapping or popping sound. ==Relation to arthritis== The common claim that cracking one's knuckles causes arthritis is not supported by scientific evidence. The knuckles are the joints of the fingers. It compared the joints of those who regularly cracked their knuckles to those who did not. It is possible for voluntary joint cracking by an individual to be considered as part of the obsessive–compulsive disorders spectrum. ==Causes== thumb|right|Static images of the hand in the resting phase before cracking (left). There were several hypotheses to explain the cracking of joints. Joint cracking is the manipulation of joints to produce a sound and related "popping" sensation. Generally when a person has "arthritis" it means that they have one of these diseases, which include: * Osteoarthritis * Rheumatoid arthritis * Gout and pseudo-gout * Septic arthritis * Ankylosing spondylitis * Juvenile idiopathic arthritis * Still's disease * Psoriatic arthritis Joint pain can also be a symptom of other diseases. However, the ordinal terms are used inconsistently and may refer to any of the knuckles.First knuckle as thumb's interphalangeal ==Cracking== The physical mechanism behind the popping or cracking sound heard when cracking joints such as knuckles has recently been elucidated by cine MRI to be caused by tribonucleation as a gas bubble forms in the synovial fluid that bathes the joint.Kawchuk GN, Fryer J, Jaremko JL, Zeng H, Rowe L, Thompson R (2015) Real- Time Visualization of Joint Cavitation. Osteoarthritis usually occurs with age and affects the fingers, knees, and hips. Arthritis is a term often used to mean any disorder that affects joints. For 50 years, he cracked the knuckles of one hand while not cracking the knuckles of the other during that time. In rheumatoid arthritis, most damage occurs to the joint lining and cartilage which eventually results in erosion of two opposing bones. It can affect both the larger and the smaller joints of the body. People with arthritis are also at increased risk of depression, which may be a response to numerous factors, including fear of worsening symptoms. ==Risk factors== There are common risk factors that increase a person's chance of developing arthritis later in adulthood. This is because untreated jammed fingers can lead to future pain and stiffness, with joint surface fractures increasing the risk of arthritis. This early study has been criticized for not taking into consideration the possibility of confounding factors, such as whether the ability to crack one's knuckles is associated with impaired hand functioning rather than being a cause of it. In the early stages, the gouty arthritis usually occurs in one joint, but with time, it can occur in many joints and be quite crippling. Osteoarthritis affects more than 3.8% of people, while rheumatoid arthritis affects about 0.24% of people. Other risk factors for osteoarthritis include prior joint trauma, obesity, and a sedentary lifestyle. ===Rheumatoid arthritis=== Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a disorder in which the body's own immune system starts to attack body tissues.

None of the above

If you crack your knuckles a lot, you will develop arthritis

All of the above

If you crack your knuckles a lot, you will develop arthritis

Nothing in particular happens if you crack your knuckles a lot

E

Is Neil Armstrong still alive?

Armstrong's body was retrieved in 2010 and his funeral took place on 18 September 2010. ==Disappearance== On the day Armstrong disappeared, his wife walked with their daughters to Mass, where they had planned to meet him after he drove a friend to it. Neil J. Armstrong (April 15, 1920 – November 23, 1994) was a Canadian aviator. Jazz Is Dead may refer to *Jazz Is Dead (band): a Grateful Dead instrumental cover band *Jazz Is Dead (record label): a Los Angeles record label and recording series He was killed in 1994 with his son, Corcoran, when the Twin Otter they were in crashed into an Antarctic iceberg. ==Awards and honours== * Canada's Aviation Hall of Fame in 1973 * Order of Icarus in 1974 * Yukon Territory Order of Polaris ==Notes== ==References== * Neil J. Armstrong Scholarship, including biography, Canadian Owners and Pilots Association (COPA) website == External links == * http://www.copanational.org/NAbackground.cfm Category:1920 births Category:Aviation history of Canada Category:Canadian aviators Category:Canadian World War II pilots Category:Royal Canadian Air Force officers Category:Bush pilots Category:1994 deaths Charles Armstrong was a 55 year old labourer from Crossmaglen who disappeared on 16 August 1981. Still, Alive... and Well? is a Megadeth compilation album released on September 10, 2002 and is the last Megadeth release with bassist and co- founder David Ellefson until his reunion with the band eight years later. Harold Hunter Armstrong (April 9, 1884 – July 11, 1979)California Death Index was an American writer. In July 2010, a group searching for Armstrong announced that they had found human remains in County Monaghan. In September 2010, the Independent Commission confirmed that the remains found were those of Charles Armstrong. ==See also== *Disappeared (Northern Ireland) *Independent Commission for the Location of Victims' Remains *List of solved missing persons cases *Thomas Murphy (Irish republican) *Gerard Evans *Columba McVeigh *Murder of Jean McConville *Disappearance of Peter Wilson *Robert Nairac *Murder of Gareth O'Connor *Internal Security Unit ==References== ==External links== *"Looking for Charlie", guardian.co.uk *Charley Armstrong, thedisappearedni.co.uk Category:1920s births Category:1980s missing person cases Category:1981 deaths Category:1981 murders in the United Kingdom Category:Deaths by firearm in Northern Ireland Category:Enforced disappearances in Northern Ireland Category:Kidnapped people from Northern Ireland Category:Missing person cases in Northern Ireland Category:Murder victims from County Armagh Category:People declared dead in absentia Category:People from Crossmaglen Category:People murdered in Northern Ireland Category:Terrorism deaths in Northern Ireland Category:The Troubles in County Armagh Category:1980s murders in Northern Ireland Armstrong is known for his contributions to physical fitness and the many articles he wrote professionally. ==Military career== Choosing to remain in the Marine Corps until 1991, Armstrong's career involved him in four shooting wars across 22 foreign countries. Charles Lewis Armstrong (c. 1948August 14, 2011) was a United States Marine Corps lieutenant colonel. Armstrong and his wife Kathleen had five children. This search was carried out after the Commission had received anonymously a map indicating an area which had not been searched before for Armstrong's body. In later years he enjoyed mentoring several military, retiring military, and graduating MBAs. ==Fitness legacy== In addition to competing in numerous karate tournaments, Armstrong, a lifelong fitness enthusiast, ran marathons and on two occasions set the world record for the most pull-ups completed in a single session, performing 1,435 repetitions in under five hours during his second attempt. Many officer training organizations keep the text of his program on hand and available online. ==Published works== * ==References== ==Sources== * * ==External links== * "Author Page: Charles L. Armstrong" * "Armstrong Pullup Program" * "PDF Example of Armstrong Pullup Program text" Category:1940s births Category:2011 deaths Category:Year of birth uncertain Category:American military writers Category:Writers from Texas Category:Southern Methodist University alumni Armstrong contributed a well-respected exercise regimen known as the "Armstrong Pullup Program" which he used to get his trainees into shape for passing the USMC PFT and to get himself ready for attempts on the pull-ups completed in a single session world record. His name did not appear on a list of nine people whose disappearances the Provisional IRA admitted responsibility for in 1999. It is suspected that he was abducted and killed by the Provisional IRA, a victim of enforced disappearance. The first six tracks (except tracks 1 & 2 though recorded on the same date as the others) are taken from the live album Rude Awakening and the remaining tracks are selections from The World Needs a Hero. == Track listing == ==Personnel== *Dave Mustaine – guitars, lead vocals *David Ellefson – bass *Al Pitrelli – guitars, backing vocals *Jimmy DeGrasso – drums ==References== Category:Megadeth compilation albums Category:2002 compilation albums Category:Heavy metal compilation albums Category:Megadeth live albums He was a certified parachutist and scuba diver, and an avid weight lifter. The album's name is a quote from Dave Mustaine's answer to an interviewer's question: "What do you want written on your tombstone?" The album was released to fulfill Megadeth's record contract with Sanctuary Records after Dave Mustaine dissolved the band seemingly indefinitely when he sustained a serious nerve injury in 2002.

None of the above

Yes, Neil Armstrong is still alive

All of the above

Yes, Neil Armstrong is still alive

No, Neil Armstrong died in 2012

E

What color is chartreuse?

Chartreuse (, , ), also known as yellow-green or greenish yellow, is a color between yellow and green. Similarly, chartreuse yellow is a yellow color mixed with a small amount of green; it was named because of its resemblance to the color of a similar French liqueur called yellow chartreuse. The basic Yellow Chartreuse has received more modest (though still average or above) ratings. ==Influence on color== Chartreuse gives its name to the color chartreuse, which was first used as a term of color in 1884. Another name for this color is chartreuse green.See the 1930s version of "Chartreuse green" in the index and color samples, a color not as green as the web color chartreuse, but greener than chartreuse yellow – actually it is a representation of the actual color of green chartreuse liqueur. It suggests what we don't have: nature, youth, energy, growth.""Fashion Confusion" (June 20, 1988) New York Magazine, Vol. 21, No. 25 ===Chartreuse (traditional)=== The first recorded use of chartreuse for the color that is now called chartreuse yellow in American English was in 1892.Aloys John Maerz; Morris Rea Paul (1930) A Dictionary of Color, p. 192, New York: McGraw-Hill In the book Color Standards and Color Nomenclature (1912), "Chartreuse Yellow" is listed and illustrated.Robert Ridgway (1912) Color Standards and Color Nomenclature, p. 67, Published by the author, Washington D.C. ==Variations of chartreuse== ===Yellow-green=== Yellow-green is a dull medium shade of chartreuse. Now, the term "yellow-green" is used to refer to this medium desaturated shade of chartreuse. ===Green-yellow=== Green-yellow is a mixture of the colors green and yellow. It is the main color on the Indian 20-rupee note. ===Chartreuse yellow=== The first recorded use of chartreuse for the color that is now called chartreuse yellow in American English was in 1892.Aloys John Maerz; Morris Rea Paul (1930) A Dictionary of Color, p. 192, New York: McGraw-Hill In the book Color Standards and Color Nomenclature (1912), "Chartreuse Yellow" is listed and illustrated.Robert Ridgway (1912) Color Standards and Color Nomenclature, p. 67, Published by the author, Washington D.C. ===Pear=== Pear is a desaturated chartreuse yellow color that resembles the color of the exterior surface of Anjou or Bartlett pears. === Green earth === Displayed at right is the color green earth. The web color chartreuse is the color precisely halfway between green and yellow, so it is 50% green and 50% yellow. The first recorded use of chartreuse green as a color name in English was in 1926 – Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color Page 192; Color sample of Chartreuse Green: Page 47 Plate 12 Color Sample L2 The term chartreuse is defined by the Oxford English Dictionary as: "A shade of color; a pale apple-green". Chartreuse yellow is a color originally named "chartreuse" in 1892 after Yellow Chartreuse liqueur, but since 1987 it has been called "chartreuse yellow" to avoid confusion with the green version of chartreuse. ==See also== * Stellina, a similar monastic liqueur made in the same region as Chartreuse * Frangelico, a liqueur allegedly based on a monastic recipe * Bénédictine, another liqueur allegedly based on a monastic recipe * Centerbe, an Italian liqueur of pale green color made from mountain herbs ==Further reading== * ==References== ==External links== * Category:French liqueurs Category:Herbal liqueurs Category:17th-century introductions Category:Cuisine of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes It is a light tint of chartreuse. Chartreuse is commonly used as an ingredient in cocktails, such as a Cloister and Last Word. ==Types== thumb|upright|Yellow Chartreuse ===Green Chartreuse=== Green Chartreuse (110 proof or 55% ABV) is a naturally green liqueur made from 130 herbs and other plants macerated in alcohol and steeped for about eight hours. In 1840, they developed a milder version called Green Chartreuse and a sweeter version called Yellow Chartreuse. "Chartreuse Green" is also listed in Plochere Color System (1948).Gladys and Gustav Plochere (Dec 15, 1948) Plochere Color System in Book Form, a Guide to Color and Color Harmony, Los Angeles In Color: Universal Language and Dictionary of Names (1976), "Chartreuse Green" is listed under "116. ==Definitions of chartreuse== ===Chartreuse (web color)=== Chartreuse green was codified to refer to this brighter color when the X11 colors were formulated in 1987; by the early 1990s, they became known as the X11 web colors. It is yellow in color (45% alcohol).Chartreuse.fr - Liqueur created by the Best Craftsmen of France "Sommeliers" ==Flavor== Chartreuse has a very strong characteristic taste. The dictionary gives a quotation in the British publication Western Daily Press (26 Dec. 1884) Vol. 7 No. 5 as being the earliest occurrence found in print of the term 'chartreuse' used as the name of a color. In Australia and New Zealand this form of chartreuse yellow is also known as "ACT yellow" as this is the color of the fire engines in the Australian Capital Territory. ==See also== * Lime (color) * Lists of colors == Notes == ==References== ==External links== * Category:Tertiary colors Category:Quaternary colors Category:Shades of green Before the X11 colors were formulated in 1987, the color term yellow-green was used to refer to the color that is now designated as the web color chartreuse (chartreuse green). Brilliant Yellow Green".Kenneth Low Kelly, Deane Brewster Judd (1976) Color: Universal Language and Dictionary of Names, p. 58, U.S. Department of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards; In The Domestic Monthly (1885) is written, "The delicate, pale green, with a yellow tinge, entitled 'Chartreuse,' is a rival to the renewed apple green," and, "The new shade of Chartreuse green, from light to dark, is lovely in the large feather fans. ... Another name for this color is artichoke chartreuse or artichoke green. Chartreuse (, , ) is a French herbal liqueur available in green and yellow versions that differ in taste and alcohol content.Harold J. Grossman and Harriet Lembeck, Grossman's Guide to Wines, Beers and Spirits (6th edition).

Chartreuse is a shade between yellow and green

Chartreuse is a shade of pink

Chartreuse is magenta

All of the above

Chartreuse is pink

A

What was the name of the villainous Gremlin?

Spike may refer to any of the following fictional characters: ==People== * Spike Spiegel, from the Japanese anime Cowboy Bebop * Spike, a main playable character in the Ape Escape video game series * Spike (Buffy the Vampire Slayer), a vampire in the TV series Buffy the Vampire Slayer and Angel * Spike, Fonzie's cousin in Happy Days * Spike Fumo, the main character of Spike of Bensonhurst * Christine "Spike" Nelson, a recurring character in the Degrassi franchise * Spike Thomson, in Press Gang * Spike Lester, on the soap opera Passions * Spike (Marvel Comics), several Marvel Comics characters with the name * Spike Freeman, another character in Marvel Comics' X-Statix/X-Force * 'Spike' (a.k.a. 'Butch'), town bully in the Nancy strip and comix * "Spike" Stoker, a supporting character from Jasper Fforde's Thursday Next books * Joshua "Spike" Cohen, a Jew from Tom Robbins' novel Skinny Legs and All * Cecil "Spike" Wilson, in the DC Comics comic book Sugar and Spike * Spike Lavery, on the soap opera All My Children * Father Spike, a high-church parish priest who is mentioned in CS Lewis' book The Screwtape Letters * Spike (NX Files), in an action adventure web-show called NX Files * Spike (Hollyoaks), in the UK soap opera * Spike (Dragon Ball) or Akkuman, in the Dragon Ball manga series * Michelangelo "Spike" Scarlatti, in the Canadian series Flashpoint ==Dogs== * Spike (Peanuts), Snoopy's brother * Spike and Tyke (characters), Tom's nemesis in the cartoon series Tom and Jerry * Spike the Bulldog, a character in the Warner Bros. Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies series of cartoons * Spike (Rugrats), Tommy's adoptive dog from Nickelodeon's Rugrats *Spike, Heathcliff's nemesis in the comic strip and animated series Heathcliff ==Video game enemies== * Spike (Mario), a recurring enemy in the Mario games, debuting in Super Mario Bros. 3 ** Foreman Spike, an enemy in the NES video game Wrecking Crew * Spike, a boss enemy in the video game Spyro: Year of the Dragon ==Dragons== * One of three dragons featured in the My Little Pony animated television franchise: ** Spike (generation 1), a lavender dragon in the original My Little Pony series ** Spike (generation 3), a blue dragon who first appeared in My Little Pony: The Princess Promenade ** Spike (generation 4), a purple dragon in My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic ==Other== * Spike, Ace Ventura's monkey * Spike, a young Stegosaurus in The Land Before Time media * Spike, an anthropomorphic Triceratops in Extreme Dinosaurs * Spike (Dinosaurs), a character in the Dinosaurs TV series * Spike, alien pet of Roger Wilco in the video game Space Quest V: The Next Mutation * Spike, a porcupine from the movie Over the Hedge * Spike, a female robot in Jeanette Winterson's 2007 novel The Stone Gods * Spike the Bee, a character in Disney's Donald Duck cartoons Grizzard is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Ephraim Grizzard (died 1892), African-American lynching victim * Frank E. Grizzard, Jr. (born 1954), American historian, writer, and documentary editor * George Grizzard (1928–2007), American actor * Herman Grizzard (died 1971), American radio disc jockey * Lewis Grizzard (1946–1994), American writer and humorist * Rod Grizzard (born 1980), American basketball player The Grissom Gang is a 1971 American crime neo noir directed and produced by Robert AldrichVariety film review; May 26, 1971 from a screenplay by Leon Griffiths. The Grissom Gang, like so many Aldrich films, ... carries lurid melodrama and violence to outrageous limits, for what often seems like the purely perverse hell of it ... Grissom Gang may or may not make money. George Cooper Grizzard Jr. (April 1, 1928 – October 2, 2007) was an American stage, television, and film actor. thumb|Dietrich Grönemeyer. At their hideout, the three are ambushed and killed by Eddie Hagan, who happened to witness the crime, and the rest of the notorious Grissom Gang. He accepted the part of Slim Grissom because he "was much more than just a killer. Ma Grissom, the gang's boss, sends a ransom note to the girl's father, John P. Blandish, demanding a million dollars for her return. In May 1970 Martin Baum, president of ABC, announced Aldrich's company, Aldrich and Associates, would make The Grissom Gang, in June, at Aldrich's studios. Vincent Canby of The New York Times wrote, "You don't really have to think very much about The Grissom Gang to call it offensive, immoral and perhaps even lascivious, although to me, that word, when it is applied to an aim, is more of a promise than a threat. ==Home media== The Grissom Gang was released to Region 1 DVD via Anchor Bay Entertainment on October 21, 2000. Villainy Inc. is a team of fictional characters appearing in DC Comics publications and related media, commonly as an alliance of recurring adversaries of the superhero Wonder Woman. Barbara Blandish is held captive by the gang, including Slim Grissom, a mentally handicapped thug who falls in love with her. The villains, who were individually sentenced to and later escaped from a prison on the Amazon penal colony Transformation Island, teamed up to take down their common enemies, who are led by the Saturnine slaver Eviless, who tricked the Amazons into believing she had lost her evil nature and stole Wonder Woman's lasso. Grizzard guest-starred several times during the 1990s on the NBC television drama Law & Order as defense attorney Arthur Gold. Three different incarnations of Villainy Inc. have appeared in DC Comics publications: (1) the Golden Age version, led by Eviless, (2) the Modern Age version, led by Queen Clea, and (3) the Rebirth-era version, led by Doctor Psycho and masterminded by Hera. He was the recipient of a Grammy Award, a Primetime Emmy Award and a Tony Award, among other accolades. ==Life and career== Grizzard was born in Roanoke Rapids, North Carolina, the son of Mary Winifred (née Albritton) and George Cooper Grizzard, an accountant. Abused by Dr. Psycho, who bestowed her with her demeaning name and cowed her into a servile role attired as a 1950s housewife, Sweetheart ultimately rebelled against her abusuer, sacrificing herself to help Wonder Woman defeat Villainy Inc. ==In other media== *Villainy Inc. appears in Wonder Woman: Bloodlines. The Theatre Hall of Fame Awards Broadway Beat. ==Death== Grizzard died in Manhattan of complications from lung cancer.

The villainous Gremlin was named Spike

The name of the villainous Gremlin was Spike

None of the above

All of the above

The name of the villainous Gremlin was Stripe

E

Is it illegal to kill a praying mantis in the U.S.?

Arizona mantis is a common name applied to various species of praying mantis native to Arizona, particularly:Dichotomous Key to Species of Mantids that may occur in FloridaTree of Life Web Project. Flower mantises are praying mantis species that use a special form of camouflage referred to as aggressive mimicry, which they not only use to attract prey, but avoid predators as well. Ground mantis is a common name given to various species of praying mantis believed to hunt on or near ground level rather than high amid foliage. Mantoididae is a family of praying mantises which contains Neotropical species of praying mantises from tropical North and South America. Praying Mantis are an English heavy metal band. Paramantis prasina is the type species of praying mantis in the genus Paramantis. ==Distribution== It is found in Africa south of the Sahara.speciesfile.org ==References== Category:Mantidae Category:Insects described in 1839 Category:Mantodea of Africa Examples native to North America include: *Litaneutria minor — minor ground mantis Texas A&M; University *Litaneutria skinneri — Skinner's ground mantis Texas A&M; University *Yersiniops solitaria — horned ground mantis Brackenridge Field Laboratory at the University of Texas at Austin *Yersiniops sophronica — Yersin's ground mantis Praying Mantises (Order Dictyoptera) ==See also== *List of mantis genera and species *Mantodea of North America *Dead leaf mantis *Flower mantis *Grass mantis *Leaf mantis *Shield mantis *Stick mantis ==References== Category:Mantodea . This strategy has been observed in other mantises including the stick mantis and dead-leaf mantis. Many species of flower mantises are popular as pets. A compilation album, The Best of Praying Mantis, was released in 2004. Instead, Praying Mantis released "Cheated" which reached No.69 in the UK Singles Chart in January 1981. Gongylus gongylodes Wandering violin mantis Ornate mantis Indian rose mantis 150px South Asia Up to 11 cm; males can fly. Juvenile mantises secrete a mixture of the chemicals 3HOA and 10HDA, attracting their top prey species, the oriental bumblebee. The flower mantises are non-nocturnal group with a single ancestry (a clade), but the majority of the known species belong to family Hymenopodidea. ==Example species: Orchid mantis== The orchid mantis, Hymenopus coronatus of southeast Asia mimics orchid flowers. Version 22 November 2005Stagmomantis limbata * Pseudovates arizonae, the Arizona unicorn mantis * Stagmomantis gracilipes, the Arizona tan mantis * Stagmomantis limbata, the Arizona mantis or bordered mantis ==See also== *List of mantis genera and species ==References== Category:Mantodea by location Category:Mantodea of North America Harpagomantis tricolor African false flower mantis 150px Southern Africa A colourful ambush hunter that waits motionless on flowering plants. The observed behavior of these mantises includes positioning themselves on a plant and either inserting themselves within the irradiance or on the foliage of the plants until a prey insect comes within range. Adult mantises do not produce these chemicals. == Taxonomic range == The flower mantises include species from several genera, many of which are popularly kept as pets: Flower mantises Species Common names Image Distribution Notes Acromantis formosana Taiwan flower mantis 150px Taiwan Nymphs are dark brown, flanged and spined, highly cryptic on dead leaves. Colours can vary. ==See also== * List of mantis genera and species ==References== ==Further reading== * * * Wickler, Wolfgang (1968). When a larger dipteran fly, as big as a house fly, landed nearby, the mantis at once seized and ate it. Blepharopsis mendica Small devil's flower mantisKeeping Insects: Blepharopsis mendica Devil's flower mantis Thistle mantisInsectstore, mantis caresheets: Blepharopsis mendica Egyptian flower mantis Arab mantisDannesdjur: image gallery: Blepharopsis mendica 150px North Africa, Canary Islands Deimatic display with head and thorax rotated to one side. Pseudocreobotra wahlbergii Spiny flower mantis Bulls-eye mantis #9 mantisMantisKingdom: Caresheet of Pseudocreobotra wahlbergii 150px South and East Africa Effective aggressive mimic of flowers, can handle prey much larger than itself, deimatic display with spread wings to show off "number 9" eyespots, variable coloration Pseudocreobotra ocellata Spiny flower mantis Spiny flower praying mantis African ocellated mantisExotic Pets: Spiny Flower Mantis 150px West, Central and Southern Africa Like P. wahlbergii.

Yes, it is illegal to kill a praying mantis

No, it is legal to kill a praying mantis

All of the above

Yes, it is illegal to kill a praying mantis

None of the above

B

What will happen if you drive barefoot in the U.K.?

Driving in the United Kingdom is governed by various legal powers and in some cases is subject to the passing of a driving test. "The special skill (or indeed lack of skill) of a driver is an irrelevant circumstance when considering whether the driving is dangerous". ===Sentence=== In England and Wales and Scotland, a person guilty of dangerous driving is liable, on conviction on indictment, to imprisonment for any term not exceeding two years, or to a fine, or to both, or on summary conviction, to imprisonment for any term not exceeding six months, or to a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum, or to both.The Road Traffic Offenders Act 1988, section 33 and Part I of Schedule 2 Any conviction for dangerous driving (or causing death by dangerous driving) for a driver holding a licence issued by the Driver and Vehicle Agency (Northern Ireland) or Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency (for licences issued in England, Wales or Scotland) will result in a mandatory disqualification if the offence took place in the United Kingdom proper, Isle of Man or Republic of Ireland (see also Traffic violations reciprocity). Barefoot is an unincorporated community located in Nicholas County, Kentucky, United States. A UK driving licence may be endorsed for various offences, not only for those committed while driving or in charge of a vehicle. Barefoot has been noted for its unusual place name. ==References== Category:Unincorporated communities in Nicholas County, Kentucky Category:Unincorporated communities in Kentucky In United Kingdom law, dangerous driving is a statutory offence related to aggressive driving. There are no laws against jaywalking in the UK. The only person in the United Kingdom who is not required to have a driving licence in order to drive is the King. However driving licences from the European Union, Norway, Iceland, Liechtenstein and Switzerland are valid in the United Kingdom. ==Enforcement== Some of the rules of the road should be enforced by the police, others are enforced by council wardens. Causing death by dangerous driving is a statutory offence in England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland, as well as Hong Kong. A driving licence is required in England, Scotland, and Wales for any person (except the sovereign) driving a vehicle on any highway or other "road", as defined in s.192 Road Traffic Act 1988, irrespective of the ownership of the land over which the road passes. The expression "motor vehicle" was defined by section 190(1), and the expressions "drive" and "road" were defined by section 196(1). ===="Recklessly"==== The mens rea of this offence was considered in R v Lawrence [1982] AC 510, [1981] 2 WLR 524, 73 Cr App R 1, [1981] 1 All ER 974, [1981] RTR 217, [1981] Crim LR 409, HL, reversing 71 Cr App R 291. ==Northern Ireland== ===Statute=== This offence is created by article 10 of the Road Traffic (Northern Ireland) Order 1995 (S.I. 1995/2994 (N.I.)). ===Sentence=== A person guilty of dangerous driving is liable, on conviction on indictment, to imprisonment for any term not exceeding five years, or to a fine, or to both. ===Causing death or grievous bodily injury by dangerous driving=== This offence is created by article 9 of the Road Traffic (Northern Ireland) Order 1995 (S.I. 1995/2994 (N.I.)). If there are no pedals, then a moped licence is required.Many users of electrically propelled vehicles believe that they are exempt from licensing if they are solely used on the pavement. The UK and Republic of Ireland are parties to the 1998 EU Convention on Driving Disqualifications (98/C 216/01) and therefore convictions for dangerous driving causing death in the UK are counted on a person's Republic of Ireland driving record. ===United States (not including overseas dependencies)=== In many American states, vehicular homicide is an equivalent to causing death by dangerous driving. right|thumb|Temporary roadside speed limit enforcement Road speed limit enforcement in the United Kingdom is the action taken by appropriately empowered authorities to attempt to persuade road vehicle users to comply with the speed limits in force on the UK's roads. As they do not feature pedals for propulsion, they require a licence to drive, though nearly all are illegal on the public highway as they are incapable of passing a vehicle test (no braking system among other reasons). A person's Canada-wide driving privileges will be suspended, for any Criminal Code driving conviction, although lengths of suspensions vary by province and territory. In the United Kingdom, a driving licence is the official document which authorises its holder to operate motor vehicles on highways and other public roads. If the individual committing the offence does not hold a valid driver's licence the endorsements may be put by until a licence is held. Permanent revocation of driving privileges is possible, particularly for holders of driving licences issued in North Carolina or New York, after a vehicular homicide conviction. ==See also== * United Kingdom traffic laws * Sleep-deprived driving, an aggravating factor in dangerous driving cases ==References== ==See also== *Aggravated TWOC * Vehicular homicidea proposed replacement for causing death by dangerous driving, advocated by some legal reformists Category:Car crime Category:English law Category:Homicide Category:Crimes Category:Driving in the United Kingdom Category:Road safety in the United Kingdom This does not apply to driving licences issued by the DVA in Northern Ireland. Some provinces, such as Ontario, Alberta and Nova Scotia, require the resitting of all theory and practical driving tests if the licence suspension is longer than a prescribed time period. ==See also== *Driving without due care and attention *United Kingdom traffic laws ==References== Category:Crimes Category:English law Category:Traffic law Category:Car crime Category:Driving in the United Kingdom

Nothing in particular will happen if you drive barefoot

It is illegal to drive barefoot in the U.K.

You will be arrested if you drive barefoot

You will receive a ticket if you drive barefoot

You will have your license suspended if you drive barefoot

A

How does drinking coffee affect your growth?

Sun-grown coffee requires numerous chemical fertilizers, insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, and pesticides to be added to promote growth. The effect of no or moderate daily consumption of coffee on risk for developing hypertension has been assessed in several reviews during the 21st century. A 2017 umbrella review of meta-analyses found that drinking coffee is generally safe within usual levels of intake and is more likely to improve health outcomes than to cause harm at doses of 3 or 4 cups of coffee daily. A 2012 meta- analysis concluded that people who drank moderate amounts of coffee had a lower rate of heart failure, with the biggest effect found for those who drank more than four cups a day. Populations that may be most impacted by caffeine consumption are adolescents and those already suffering anxiety disorders. As a result of modernization and a push for higher yielding crops, sun-tolerant coffee plants were created to produce larger yields through higher-density, open planting, but the cultivation practices used for them are considered unsustainable and often have a negative impact on the environment. An association of coffee drinking with reduced risk for death from various sources was confirmed by a widely cited prospective cohort study of ten European countries in 2017. === Cardiovascular disease === Moderate coffee consumption is not a risk factor for coronary heart disease. Moderate coffee consumption (3–4 cups per day) is probably not harmful, perhaps even moderately beneficial". ==== Atrial fibrillation ==== The Women's Health Study showed an increased risk of atrial fibrillation with 2-3 cups/day of caffeinated coffee, but other studies found either no effect or a protective effect. === Parkinson's disease === Meta-analyses have consistently found that long-term coffee consumption is associated with a lower risk of Parkinson's disease. === Type II diabetes === In a systematic review and meta-analysis of 28 prospective observational studies, representing over one million participants, every additional cup of caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee consumed in a day was associated, respectively, with a 9% and 6% lower risk of type 2 diabetes. === Cancer === Research on the effects of coffee consumption on cancer risk generally has indicated no effect or a slightly lower risk of cancer, particularly in the liver. === Liver disease === Preliminary evidence indicates that coffee consumption may be protective against the progression of liver disease, although the possible mechanisms for such an effect remain unclear. == Mental health == The UK National Health Service advises that avoiding coffee may reduce anxiety. A 2014 meta-analysis found that coffee consumption (4 cups/day) was inversely associated with all-cause mortality (a 16% lower risk), as well as cardiovascular disease mortality specifically (a 21% lower risk from drinking 3 cups/day), but not with cancer mortality with exception being oral cancer mortality. Results were complicated by poor study quality, and differences in age, gender, health status, and serving size. == Digestion == A 1999 review found that coffee does not cause indigestion, but may promote gastrointestinal reflux. This has resulted in a new trend in support of shade-grown coffee. Long-term preliminary research, including assessment of symptoms for dementia and cognitive impairment, was inconclusive for coffee having an effect in the elderly, mainly due to the poor quality of the studies. == References == Category:Coffee Coffee Coffee Category:Caffeine For this reason, shade-grown coffee is beneficial to producers who can not afford the cost of fertilization required for intense cropping systems under full sun. A 2016 meta-analysis showed that coffee consumption was associated with a reduced risk of death in patients who have had a myocardial infarction. Preliminary research indicated the possibility of a beneficial relationship between coffee intake and reduced depression. Although shade-grown coffee is a production system widely regarded as environmentally sustainable, enabling biodiversity conservation, enhancing pest-control services from birds, and contributing to climate change adaptation, there is an important potential tradeoff, namely lower coffee yields. This coffee growing system features minimal management and no use of pesticides or herbicides. Additional meta-analyses corroborated these findings, showing that higher coffee consumption (2–4 cups per day) was associated with a reduced risk of death by all disease causes. Because it incorporates principles of natural ecology to promote natural ecological relationships, shade-grown coffee can be considered an offshoot of agricultural permaculture or agroforestry. Shade-grown coffee is a form of the crop produced from coffee plants grown under a canopy of trees. Coffee production is very important for the economy of Cameroon The crop is grown extensively in the country, with robusta more prevalent in the coastal areas and arabica more widespread in the western highlands. Growth landmarks are parameters measured in infants, children and adolescents which help gauge where they are on a continuum of normal growth and development.

All of the above

Drinking coffee will stunt your growth

Drinking coffee does not affect your growth

Drinking coffee will prevent you from growing taller

None of the above

C

How long can LSD stay in your spinal fluid?

LSD runs are typically done at an easy pace, 1–3 minutes per mile slower than a runner's 10k pace. LSD training is a form of continuous training performed at a constant pace at low to moderate intensity over an extended distance or duration. LSD was listed as a Schedule I drug in 1970. LSD causes visual hallucinations, audiovisual synaesthesia, and experiences of de-realisation. He documented the success of six competitive runners who followed in one form or another an LSD training regime, sometimes combining a few more strenuous workouts with the regular LSD running with weekly mileages ranging from to per week, with marathon personal bests between 2:14 and 2:50 hours. When these effects are mixed with an artist, they often illustrate their hallucinations. == History == LSD art dates back to the 1960s, where it became very common as well. Many artists and their surviving relatives have kept LSD artwork from this period. Original IntroductionHenderson would later write that he stopped using LSD as "misleading term" shortly after the publication of Long Slow Distance. (see: Henderson, Joe. The moderate training intensity of LSD is effective in improving endurance and maximum oxygen uptake in individuals who are undertrained or moderately trained. MIPLA and its ethylisopropyl homologue are the only simple N,N-dialkyl lysergamides that approach the potency of LSD itself, being around 1/3-1/2 the potency of LSD, while all other dialkyl analogues tested (dimethyl, dipropyl, methylethyl etc.) are only around 1/10 as potent as LSD, although some N-monoalkyl lysergamides such as the sec-butyl and t-butyl derivatives were also found to show an activity profile and potency comparable to LSD, and the mono-isopropyl derivative is only slightly weaker than MIPLA. Artists and scientists have been interested in the effect of LSD on drawing and painting since it first became available for legal use and general consumption. In the mid to late 1950s, many intellectuals began experimenting with LSD. {{Infobox book | name = Acid Dreams: The Complete Social History of LSD: The CIA, the Sixties, and Beyond | image = File:Acid Dreams, first edition.jpg | image_size = | caption = Cover of the first edition | alt = | authors = Martin A. Lee Bruce Shlain | title_orig = Acid Dreams: The CIA, LSD, and the Sixties Rebellion | translator = | illustrator = | cover_artist = | country = United States | language = English | series = | subject = Drug culture | published = 1985 Grove Press 2001 MacMillan UK | media_type = Print (Hardcover and Paperback) | pages = 345 | awards = | isbn = 978-0-8021-3062-4 | oclc = 25281992 | dewey = | congress = | preceded_by = | preceded_by_quotation_marks = | followed_by = | followed_by_quotation_marks = | wikisource = }} Acid Dreams: The Complete Social History of LSD: the CIA, the Sixties, and Beyond, originally released as Acid Dreams: The CIA, LSD, and the Sixties Rebellion, is a 1985 book by Martin A. Lee and Bruce Shlain, in which the authors document the 40-year social history of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), beginning with its synthesis by Albert Hofmann of Sandoz Pharmaceuticals in 1938. LSD art is any art or visual displays inspired by psychedelic experiences and hallucinations known to follow the ingestion of LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide, also known colloquially as acid). Acid Dreams: The Complete Social History of LSD: The CIA, the Sixties, and Beyond. 2nd ed. "Acid Dreams: The CIA, LSD, and the Sixties Rebellion; Storming Heaven: LSD and the American Dream", American Journal of Psychiatry 146 (3): 395–396. ==External links== * Grove/Atlantic *Acid Dreams at Levity.com Category:1985 non-fiction books Category:American history books Category:American non-fiction books Category:Books about LSD Category:Books by Martin A. Lee Category:English-language books Category:1950s in the United States Category:1960s in the United States Category:1970s in the United States Category:Human subject research in the United States Category:Lysergic acid diethylamide Category:Non-fiction books about the Central Intelligence Agency Category:Works about Project MKUltra In neuroscience, long-term potentiation (LTP) is a persistent strengthening of synapses based on recent patterns of activity. Long slow distance (LSD) is a form of aerobic endurance training used in sports including running, rowing, skiing and cycling.Burke, Ed and Ed Pavalka. 2000. Physiological adaptations to LSD training include improved cardiovascular function, improved thermoregulatory function, improved mitochondrial energy production, increased oxidative capacity of skeletal muscle, and increased utilization of fat for fuel. During the Cold War period of the early 1950s, LSD was tested as an experimental truth drug for interrogation by the United States intelligence and military community. "Destruction of LSD Data Laid to C.I.A. Aide in '73". LSD became illegal in 1966.

LSD flashbacks can be triggered years after a dose due to buildup in your spine

LSD can stay in your spinal fluid forever

All of the above

LSD has a half-life of three to four hours

LSD can stay in your spine for years

D

Is cannabis legal in the Netherlands?

right|thumb|Cannabis coffee shop in Amsterdam, Netherlands Cannabis in the Netherlands is illegal, but is decriminalised for personal use. There are five different types of medical cannabis in the Netherlands; the fifth contains Cannabidiol and almost no Tetrahydrocannabinol. ==See also== * Drug policy of the Netherlands ==References== == External links == * While recreational use, possession and trade of non-medicinal drugs described by the Opium Law are all technically illegal under Dutch law, official policy since the late 20th century has been to openly tolerate all recreational use while tolerating the other two under certain circumstances. Cannabis remains a controlled substance in the Netherlands and both possession and production for personal use are still misdemeanors, punishable by fines. Recreational consumption of the drug is tolerated, and it is available in coffeeshops. ==Prohibition== Cannabis was first criminalised in the Netherlands in 1953, following earlier laws against its import and export in 1928. Cannabis was banned much earlier in the Dutch colony of Suriname, in the early part of the 20th century, and in Dutch Indonesia in 1927. ==Loosening== In 1972, the Dutch government divided drugs into more- and less-dangerous categories, with cannabis being in the lesser category. Prostitution in the Netherlands is legal and regulated. The former minister of Justice Piet Hein Donner announced in June 2007 that cultivation of cannabis shall continue to be illegal. == Non-enforcement == The drug policy of the Netherlands is marked by its distinguishing between so called soft and hard drugs. The Netherlands is a major producer and leading distributor of cannabis, heroin, cocaine, amphetamines and other synthetic drugs, and a medium consumer of illicit drugs. European Legal Map on Possession of cannabis for personal use * Explanation of the Dutch drugs policy for tourist * 2000-2001 Progress Report on the Drug Policy of the Netherlands (PDF) * Article on Amsterdam drug scene * NL Planet - Dutch Soft Drugs Policy * "Gedogen" - active Dutch tolerance. The higher levels of the active ingredient in cannabis in Netherlands create a growing opposition to the traditional Dutch view of cannabis as a relatively innocent soft drug.Steeds meer tieners zoeken hulp voor wietverslaving 2007 Supporters of coffeeshops state that such claims are often exaggerated and ignore the fact that higher content means a user needs to use less of the plant to get the desired effects, making it in effect safer. Cannabis in Tajikistan is illegal with severe penalties for the production, sale, and possession of marijuana for medicinal or recreational purposes. In the United States, the use and possession of cannabis is illegal under federal law for any purpose by way of the Controlled Substances Act of 1970 (CSA). Straatgerichte aanpak, Website of the municipality Amsterdam A Dutch judge has ruled that tourists can legally be banned from entering cannabis cafés, as part of new restrictions which come into force in 2012. The EU court said the southern Dutch city of Maastricht was within its rights when it introduced a "weed passport" in 2005 to prevent foreigners from entering cafés that sell cannabis.EURAD: Dutch authorities can ban coffeeshops from selling marijuana to foreigners In 2010 the owner of Netherlands's largest cannabis selling coffeeshop was fined 10 million euros for breaking drug laws by keeping more than the tolerated amount of cannabis in the shop. After legalization and regulation of the entire supply chain in other countries, some cities in the Netherlands are participating in a pilot project using officially approved growers and testers, and labeling of the amount of THC.Dutch Cities Try a "Weed Test" to Fix a Quirk of Legal Cannabis ==Medical marijuana== Since 2003, there has been a legal prescription drug known as "Mediwiet", available at Dutch pharmacies. Other types of sales and transportation are not permitted, although the general approach toward cannabis was lenient even before official decriminalisation. Establishments that have been permitted to sell soft drugs under certain circumstances are called coffee shops.Toleration policy regarding soft drugs and coffee shops, Ministry of Security and Justice Laws established in January 2013 required visitors of coffee shops to be Dutch residents, but these laws were only applied in Zeeland, North Brabant and Limburg after much local criticism.Weed pass sparks new problems . rnw.nl. 2012-05-09. Cannabis in Norway is strictly legalized for medicinal use; all other purposes are illegal. ==Decriminalization== In December 2017, the Norwegian Parliament's sub-committee on health announced their intention to decriminalize personal drug use, providing medical treatment to users rather than fines and imprisonment.Historisk i Stortinget: Slutt på straff for rusmisbrukere - Rusmidler - VG.no, 13.12.2017 In March 2018, the government created a working group to prepare the reform in drug policy. This pragmatic approach was motivated by the idea that a drug-free Dutch society is unrealistic and unattainable, and efforts would be better spent trying to minimize harm caused by recreational drug use.Drugs en Beleid ("Drugs and Policy"), Trimbos instituut As a result of this gedoogbeleid (lit. "tolerance policy" or "policy of tolerance"), the Netherlands is typically seen as much more tolerant of drugs than most other countries.Amsterdam for tourists: What's legal?, CNN Travel Legal distinctions are made in the Opium Law between drugs with a low risk of harm and/or addiction, called 'soft drugs', and drugs with a high risk of harm and/or addiction, called 'hard drugs'. This genuine Dutch policy of tolerating formally illegal activities for harm reduction purposes has been and still is also applied towards illegal drugs in the Netherlands. Though retail sales are tolerated, production, transportation, and bulk possession of marijuana outside of retail stores is illegal, preventing testing for contaminants and dosing.

Yes, there are no restrictions on selling or buying cannabis in the Netherlands

All of the above

Yes, there is an unregulated market for cannabis in the Netherlands

Cannabis is illegal in the Netherlands, but it is decriminalized for personal use

Yes, cannabis is legal in the Netherlands

D

Who invented peanut butter?

Peanut butter then became a vast food industry. That same year, Reese invented Reese's Peanut Butter Cups after one of his customers in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, reported supply problems with another confectioner who made a candy consisting of peanut butter covered with chocolate. Joseph Louis Rosefield (18 Dec 1882 - 8 Nov 1958) was a California food businessman who invented modern, nonseparating peanut butter in 1922 - 1923\. Harry Burnett Reese (May 24, 1879 – May 16, 1956) was an American inventor and businessman known for creating the number one-selling candy brand in the United States Reese's Peanut Butter Cups and founding the H. B. Reese Candy Company. Forms of peanut butter were already popular before Rosefield's innovation. Squirrel was a Canadian brand of peanut butter, marketed from about 1915 to about 2000. ==History== thumb|1.5 kg Squirrel Peanut Butter tin Squirrel was originally manufactured by the Canada Nut Co. Ltd. of Vancouver, B.C., by about 1915. B3 In December, 1990, Canada Packers sold the peanut butter business to a subsidiary of CPC International of Englewood Cliffs, N.J. CPC decided it would continue making Squirrel peanut butter, along with Skippy peanut butter, at a Montreal plant, owned by Best Foods Canada Inc., a subsidiary of CPC's Toronto-based subsidiary, Canada Starch Inc.Globe and Mail, Dec. 18, 1990, p. Archibald Query (1873–1964) was a Canadian-born American confectioner, who invented Marshmallow Fluff, a special formula of marshmallow cream, in 1917. ==Biography== Query developed the recipe in his kitchen, initially selling his marshmallow fluff door-to-door. In 2005 the company published The Peanut Butter & Co. Cookbook, which has numerous recipes for using peanut butter. With his business faltering, Query sold his formula to two partner candymakers H. Allen Durkee and Fred Mower., MIT Inventor of the Week, Retrieved on August 26, 2009 When mixed with peanut butter, it is the primary ingredient in a sandwich known as a Fluffernutter. Zalben has stated that he began working with peanut butter due to a childhood love of it. George Kellogg (June 19, 1812 - 1901) was an American inventor and patent expert. The company by 1999 was selling a line of peanut butter to supermarkets featuring ten "all natural" flavors and from peanuts grown by farmers in the United States. His new production process was licensed to another company to make Peter Pan peanut butter in 1923. By 1999 it was selling a line of peanut butter to supermarkets featuring ten "all natural" flavors and from peanuts grown by farmers in the United States. Peanut Butter & Co. is a peanut butter brand based in New York City. In 1969, only six years after the Reese/Hershey merger, Reese's Peanut Butter Cups became the best-selling product of The Hershey Company. This also made it possible to churn the peanut butter to a creamy consistency. In 1943, the five-cent cup was introduced and as packaging machine and plant automation were placed into production, the sales of Reese's Peanut Butter Cups doubled every four years. Rosefield Packing later marketed Skippy peanut butter in 1932; both brands are still sold today. Completed on November 30, 1957, this new modern plant contained 100,000 square feet of state-of-the-art manufacturing technology built at a cost equivalent of $6.9 million at a time when the sales of Reese's Peanut Butter Cups were equivalent to $125 million. ==Death== After a short illness, H. B. Reese died of a heart attack eight days before his 77th birthday, on May 16, 1956, at the St. Mary's Medical Center in West Palm Beach, Florida, where he had been vacationing. * History of Skippy at the Skippy peanut butter web site.

None of the above

Marcellus Gilmore Edson patented an early version of peanut butter

All of the above

George Washington Carver invented peanut butter

George Washington Carver invented peanut butter

B

What is the red liquid from a cooked steak?

Red meat is meat that is red when raw and not white when cooked. Red meat contains small amounts of vitamin D. Offal such as liver contains much higher quantities than other parts of the animal. According to the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), all meats obtained from mammals (regardless of cut or age) are red meats because they contain more myoglobin than fish or white meat (but not necessarily dark meat) from chicken. In gastronomy, red meat is commonly red when raw (and a dark color after it is cooked), in contrast to white meat, which is pale in color before (and after) cooking. A blood sausage is a sausage filled with blood that is cooked or dried and mixed with a filler until it is thick enough to solidify when cooled. In culinary terms, only flesh from mammals or fowl (not fish) is classified as red or white.Larousse Gastronomique, first edition In nutritional science, red meat is defined as any meat that has more of the protein myoglobin than white meat. Red meat is a source of lipoic acid. Heinz bodies (also referred to as "Heinz-Ehrlich bodies") are inclusions within red blood cells composed of denatured hemoglobin."Unstable Hemoglobins: The Role of Heme Loss in Heinz Body Formation" Jacon, Harry and Winterhalter, Kaspar, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 64, No3, pp. 697-701, March 1970 They are not visible with routine blood staining techniques, but can be seen with supravital staining. Blood meal is a dry, inert powder made from blood, used as a high-nitrogen organic fertilizer and a high protein animal feed. *It is a protein-yielding feedstuff according to classifications of feedstuffs. == Processing == Blood needs to be dried before being used as blood meal. Red blood cell indices are blood tests that provide information about the hemoglobin content and size of red blood cells. Other blood-based foods include blodkorv (blood sausage) which differs from blodpudding by having raisins, pork tallow and apple sauce in it, blodplättar (blood pancakes, similar to the original Finnish dish veriohukainen above) and blodpalt. Blood meal is different from bone meal in that blood meal contains a higher amount of nitrogen, while bone meal contains phosphorus. Blood meal. Some cuts of pork are considered white under the culinary definition, but all pork is considered red meat in nutritional studies. White meat is defined as non-dark meat from fish or chicken (excluding the leg or thigh, which is called dark meat). ==Definition== Name Myoglobin USDA category Chicken breast 0.005% White meat Turkey breast 0.008% White meat Chicken thigh 0.18 – 0.20% Dark meat Turkey thigh 0.25 – 0.30% Dark meat Pork 0.10 – 0.30% Red meat Veal 0.10 – 0.30% Red meat Beef 0.40 – 1.00% Red meat Old beef 1.50 – 2.00% Red meat thumb|upright=1.0|Cooked duck with potatoes, showing the red color of the meat Under the culinary definition, the meat from adult or "gamey" mammals (for example, beef, horse, mutton, venison, boar, hare) is red meat, while that from young mammals (rabbit, veal, lamb) is white. The National Pork Board has positioned it as "the other white meat", profiting from the ambiguity to suggest that pork has the nutritional properties of white meat, which is considered more healthful. ==Nutrition== Red meat contains large amounts of iron, creatine, minerals such as zinc and phosphorus, and B-vitamins: (niacin, vitamin B12, thiamin and riboflavin). The authors conclude that the quality of the available evidence is insufficient to make stronger or more conclusive recommendations regarding the health effects of eating red meat. There is also a soup made from blood, called svartsoppa (black soup). ==== United Kingdom and Ireland ==== Black pudding is the native British version of blood sausage. Red Meat may also refer to: * Red Meat (comic strip), a comic strip by Max Cannon * Red Meat (band), a country band * "Red Meat" (Supernatural), an episode of Supernatural * Red Meat (film), a 1997 film by Allison Burnett ==See also== * Red Red Meat, a 1990s alternative rock band Factors associated with increased stroke risk from consuming red meat include saturated fats that increase levels of blood cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and heme iron, which may precipitate atherogenesis in cerebral arteries, leading to stroke. ===Diabetes=== A 2022 umbrella review found that four additional 100g of red meat intake per day, was associated with a 17% increased risk of diabetes. These excess beta globin chains aggregate to form HbH, which has decreased solubility and precipitates in the red blood cell cytoplasm.

None of the above

The red liquid from a cooked steak is blood

All of the above

The red liquid from a cooked steak is blood

The red liquid from a cooked steak is myoglobin

E

How quickly will you be seen if you are brought to the hospital by an ambulance?

An order of precedence is a sequential hierarchy of nominal importance and can be applied to individuals, groups, or organizations. A person's position in an order of precedence is not necessarily an indication of functional importance, but rather an indication of ceremonial or historical relevance; for instance, it may dictate where dignitaries are seated at formal dinners. Priority seats have been designated in public transport vehicles by certain transport operators to allow elderly, disabled, pregnant women and the injured to ride public transport with an equal degree of access and comfort as other people. There may also be more specific and local orders of precedence, for particular occasions or within particular institutions. Priority to the right is a right-of-way system, in which the driver of a vehicle is required to give way to vehicles approaching from the right at intersections. However, the priority seats are first-come-first-served. A priority call is a telephone call that has been assigned some enhanced level of priority for processing by a telecommunications network such that it may be expected to achieve precedence over other traffic. Priority traffic signs indicate the order in which vehicles should pass intersection points. Priority seats can be found on various public transportation, including the mass transit railways, buses, minibuses, and trams. According to press releases from the government, for the minibus, priority seat is provided at the first single seat near the door. The general principle that establishes who has the right to go first is called "right of way" or "priority". The vehicle that does not need to wait is said to "have the right of way" or to "have priority." Signs may be provided to indicate whether a given lane has priority or must give way. The ambulances are either directly operated by INEM from its regional delegations, or are operated from the medical emergency and reserve posts installed in the local fire departments, or local delegations of the Portuguese Red Cross. thumb|right|250px|INEM's ambulance speeding in response to a medical emergency in Lisbon. Introducing priority seats encourages individuals to bear the social responsibility of caring for others in need. According to the Press Release of The Kowloon Motor Bus in 2011, promotion of priority seats aims to enhance the awareness of offering seats to the people with special need so as to cultivate a culture of care. In a given network, there may be several levels of priority. Within an institution, the officials of that institution are likely to rank much higher in the order than in a general order of precedence—the chancellor or president of a university may well precede anyone except a head of state, for example. Historically, the order of precedence had a more widespread use, especially in court and aristocratic life. It is customary for people to get up for elderly, pregnant, and disabled passengers throughout the United States. ==Controversies and disputes== There are two major controversies regarding priority seats. Different variants of the sign can be used on both priority- and non-priority roads.

You will have the highest priority if you are brought to the hospital in an ambulance

You will be seen immediately if you are brought to the hospital in an ambulance

You will be assessed and seen in order of priority if you are brought to the hospital in an ambulance

None of the above

All of the above

C

What does Cinco de Mayo represent in Mexico?

Cinco de Mayo is day of celebration for the Hispanics is a tradition that takes place on May 5 to mark the date that Mexico defeated the Second French Empire in the Battle of Puebla in 1862, under the command of General Ignacio Zaragoza, a Texas native. It is a common misconception among non-Mexicans that Cinco de Mayo commemorates the declaration of Mexican independence, which occurred around 50 years before the Battle of Puebla. Cinco de Mayo ( in Mexico, Spanish for "Fifth of May") is a yearly celebration held on May 5 to celebrate Mexico's victory over the Second French Empire at the Battle of Puebla in 1862, led by General Ignacio Zaragoza. Cinco de Mayo is sometimes mistaken for Mexico's Independence Day—the most important national holiday in Mexico—which is celebrated on September 16, commemorating the Cry of Dolores in 1810, which initiated the war of Mexican independence from Spain. More popular in the United States than Mexico, Cinco de Mayo has become associated with the celebration of Mexican- American culture. This list indicates that Cinco de Mayo is not a día feriado obligatorio ("obligatory holiday"), but is instead a holiday that can be voluntarily observed.Cinco de Mayo is not a federal holiday in México Accessed May 5, 2009 where the holiday is celebrated as El Día de la Batalla de Puebla (English: The Day of the Battle of Puebla).Día de la Batalla de Puebla. 5 May 2011. Cinco de Mayo has been referenced and featured in entertainment media, and has become an increasingly global celebration of Mexican culture, cuisine, and heritage. ==Background== ===Events leading to the Battle of Puebla=== Cinco de Mayo has its roots in the Second French intervention in Mexico, which took place in the aftermath of the 1846–48 Mexican–American War and the 1858–61 Reform War. Cinco de Mayo is not the national day of Mexico, as is sometimes misunderstood. Cinco de Mayo is more widely celebrated in USA than Mexico". on The Law Library of Congress's blog * "Origin of the Cinco De Mayo celebration" – Mexican American News / Xcano Media * The Real Meaning Behind Cinco de Mayo, and Why Mexicans Don't Really Celebrate the Date Category:Public holidays in Mexico Category:Public holidays in the United States Category:May observances Category:Mexican-American culture Category:Second French intervention in Mexico Category:Remembrance days Category:Spring (season) events in Mexico The American celebration of Cinco de Mayo is more about honoring Mexican culture in general. Retrieved August 16, 2013. ==See also== * List of occasions known by their dates * Siege of Puebla (1863), fall of Puebla to the French * Third Battle of Puebla (1867), recapture of Puebla and decisive victory for the restoration of the Republic. ==Notes== ==References== ==External links== * Cinco De Mayo Videos on The History Channel * Cinco De Mayo Quick Facts * "Cinco de Mayo is NOT Mexican Independence Day?" Note that contrary to most other sources, this source states the date Juarez declared Cinco de Mayo to be a national holiday was 8 September 1862. regarded as "Battle of Puebla Day" or "Battle of Cinco de Mayo".Statement by Mexican Consular official Accessed May 8, 2007. Contrary to most other sources, this source states the date Juarez declared Cinco de Mayo to be a national holiday was September 8, 1862. thumb|Porfirio Díaz leading Mexican troops in celebration of Cinco de Mayo in 1902 The national celebration of the day peaked during the Porfiriato, the long rule of President/dictator Porfirio Díaz, who had fought in the Battle of Puebla as a young officer. The May 4, 2023 edition of The Washington Post publicized an article describing the holiday of Cinco de Mayo as an American holiday with Mexican roots and not necessarily a Mexican Holiday. ===Elsewhere=== thumb|Cinco de Mayo celebration in Japan, 2019 Events tied to Cinco de Mayo also occur outside Mexico and the United States. Retrieved May 8, 2013."Cultural adaptation: the Cinco de Mayo holiday is far more widely celebrated in the USA than in Mexico". On Cinco de Mayo there are multiple different ways that they celebrate this event, some of these being parades, speeches, and recreations of the 1862 fight. What most do not realize is that the “Battle of Puebla” is celebrated just as much if not more in America than it is in Mexico, some say it is a way that Mexican Americans can show patriotism towards their roots and traditions, but it has also always been overshadowed by occasions like September 16 Independence Day, which marks the beginning of hostilities against Spanish control in 1810. Cinco de Mayo is celebrated in Japan in Osaka and in Tokyo's Yoyogi Park Event Space as a celebration of Latin American culture.Cinco de Mayo festivals in Osaka and Tokyo Retrieved May 5, 2016"Cinco De Mayo Festival in Tokyo" JapanBases.com. Retrieved August 16, 2013."Cinco de Mayo 2013: Celebrating the Americas" Cinco de Mayo Festival. On May 9, 1862, President Juárez declared that the anniversary of the Battle of Puebla would be a national holiday regarded as "Battle of Puebla Day" or "Battle of Cinco de Mayo"."Did You Know? Since parades and concerts are held in many American towns the week before May 5, Cinco de Mayo has grown in popularity both north and south of the border and is now included in the calendars of more and more people. ==See also== * List of battles of the French intervention in Mexico * Monument for the 150th Anniversary of the Battle of Puebla ==References== ==External links== * French Intervention in Mexico: Battle of Puebla * Phil's Findings: Did Battle of Puebla change the course of U.S. history? by Philip A. Rue Category:1862 in the French colonial empire Category:1862 in Mexico Category:Battles involving France Category:Battles of the Second French intervention in Mexico Category:Conflicts in 1862 Category:May 1862 events Category:Puebla (city) A street, , in the Historic Center of Mexico City was named after the battle in 1862 by Benito Juárez. ===United States=== According to a paper published by the UCLA Center for the Study of Latino Health and Culture about the origin of the observance of Cinco de Mayo in the United States, the modern American focus on that day first started in California in 1863 in response to the resistance to French rule in Mexico.Southern California Quarterly "Cinco de Mayo's First Seventy-Five Years in Alta California: From Spontaneous Behavior to Sedimented Memory, 1862 to 1937" Spring 2007 (see American observation of Cinco de Mayo started in California) Retrieved October 30, 2007.

All of the above

Cinco de Mayo is Mexico's Independence Day

None of the above

Cinco de Mayo in Mexico is analogous to July 4th in the U.S.

Cinco de Mayo commemorates Mexico's victory at the Battle of Puebla

E

Why do snakes stretch out near other animals?

Snakes have smaller scales around the mouth and sides of the body which allow expansion so that a snake can consume prey of much larger width than itself. The dorsal (or body) scales on the snake's body are arranged in rows along the length of their bodies. The scales however grow larger in size and may change shape with each moult.Are snakes slimy? at Singapore Zoological Garden's Docent. The arrangement of scales is used to identify snake species. Sometimes snakes have enlarged scales, either single or paired, under the tail; these are called subcaudals or urosteges. Snake scales occur in variety of shapes. Snake skin and scales help retain moisture in the animal's body.Barnes, Thomas G. Snakes: Information for Kentucky Homeowners. Certain primitive snakes such as boas, pythons and certain advanced snakes such as vipers have small scales arranged irregularly on the head. Excluding the head, snakes have imbricate scales, overlapping like the tiles on a roof.Smith, Vol III, p. 5 Snakes have rows of scales along the whole or part of their length and also many other specialised scales, either singly or in pairs, occurring on the head and other regions of the body. Snakes, like other reptiles, have skin covered in scales.Boulenger, George A. 1890 The Fauna of British India. p. 1 Snakes are entirely covered with scales or scutes of various shapes and sizes, known as snakeskin as a whole. In snakes, there are two different types of labial scales: supralabials and sublabials. Some snakes have the ability to change the hue of their scales slowly. Snake scales are also to be found as motifs in fiction, art and films. ==Functions of scales== The scales of a snake primarily serve to reduce friction as it moves, since friction is the major source of energy loss in snake locomotion. Species identification using scales requires a fair degree of knowledge about snakes, their taxonomy, snake-scale nomenclature as well as familiarity with and access to scientific literature. In snakes, the paraventral scales are the longitudinal rows of dorsal scales that contact the ventral scales. A scale protects the body of the snake, aids it in locomotion, allows moisture to be retained within, alters the surface characteristics such as roughness to aid in camouflage, and in some cases even aids in prey capture (such as Acrochordus). Snakes have been part and parcel of culture and religion. The labial scales are the scales of snakes and other scaled reptiles that border the mouth opening. London: A & C Black Publishers Ltd. 543 pp. . ==Related scales== * Dorsal scales ==See also== * Snake scales * Anatomical terms of location ==References== Category:Snake scales The scales along the lips of the snake are called labials. The enlarged scales on the belly of the snake are called ventral scales or gastrosteges. Handbook of Snakes.

Snakes stretch out near other animals to compare sizes

Snakes stretch out near other animals to see if they're large enough to swallow the other animals

Snakes stretch out near other animals to size up their prey

Snakes stretch out near other animals for warmth

Snakes stretch out near other animals to check the length of their prey

D

In the U.S., is it legal to discuss your salary with your coworkers?

In the United States, the National Labor Relations Act protects the right of employees to discuss compensation without retaliation from their employer.Your Right to Discuss Wages == Laws Regarding Compensation Transparency == The following laws are word for word from ADP in order to maintain accuracy and integrity of the law. === Statewide Laws === ==== California ==== "Upon request, all employers must: * Provide an applicant with the pay scale for the position they applied for (even before the initial interview). While there is no clear answer as to why a taboo exists surrounding American finances, learning more about the theories surrounding the topic allow audiences to form their own opinion as to where the taboo originated. ==See also== * Equal pay for equal work#Transparency laws ==References== Category:Transparency (behavior) Category:Wages and salaries Average value is often communicated in salary discussions. Wage transparency, salary compensation, and compensation transparency generally, involves disclosure of employee compensation amounts, either among other employees in an organization, to owners, to government regulators, or to the public. Behavioral research in 2020 about salary disclosure behavior suggests that about 25% of job-seekers would volunteer their prior salaries, even if not asked, and that bans would partially (if not fully) unravel. == References == Category:Personnel economics bans Category:Anti-discrimination legislation Category:Employment discrimination It is also important to define the meaning of ‘salary’ in a salary survey. Salary history bans refer to policies, adopted mostly in the United States, that ban employers from asking job candidates about their previous salaries. Wages and salaries are the remuneration paid or payable to employees for work performed on behalf of an employer or services provided. They cannot be asked specific details concerning remuneration as they are asked in surveys using data from companies. Workplace communication is the process of exchanging information and ideas, both verbally and non-verbally between one person or group and another person or group within an organization. A maximum wage, also often called a wage ceiling, is a legal limit on how much income an individual can earn.Dietl, H., Duschl, T. and Lang, M. (2010): "Executive Salary Caps: What Politicians, Regulators and Managers Can Learn from Major Sports Leagues", University of Zurich, ISU Working Paper Series No. 129. In principle, this could lead to a full unravelling of salary history bans in which all workers disclose (despite the ban on employers asking). The survey output is data on the average or median salary for a specific position, taking into consideration the region, industry, company size, etc. Input data is aggregated directly from an employer or employee.http://www.hr-guide.com/Compensation/Salary_Surveys.htm Definition of the salary survey == Types of salary surveys by data source == Salary surveys are differentiated based on their data source into those that * obtain data from companies, * obtain data from employees. These laws require job listings to give a salary range for the position. Another thing to consider is that there is formal and informal workplace communication. While the reasons behind the taboo surrounding discussions about money are unclear to a majority of people (81%), a survey revealed the most contentious financial topics people find difficult to talk about. Wages and salaries are typically paid directly to an employee in the form of cash or in a cash equivalent, such as by cheque or by direct deposit into the employee's bank account or an account directed by the employee. Salary history bans forbid employers from asking candidates their salary histories. == The Western Money Taboo == According to a study conducted on 2,000 adults, more than half of them, that is, 56%, consider discussing financial matters with others to be a "taboo" topic. A salary survey is a tool specifically for remuneration specialists and managers to define a fair and competitive salary for the employees of a company. Respondents provide details of their own salary because they are motivated to compare their salary with others. Normally, an employer is not permitted to withhold the wages or any part thereof, except as permitted or required by law.

None of the above

No, your salary must be kept confidential by law

Yes, it is legal to discuss your salary with your coworkers

All of the above

No, it is illegal to discuss your salary with your coworkers

C

Why shouldn't you use your cell phone at a gas station?

There are both technical and social factors which make the issues more complex than a simple discussion of safety versus hazard. ==The debate on safety== In the United States, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) restricts cell phone usage on aircraft in order to prevent disruption to cellular towers on the ground. Using a cell phone while driving increases the driver's risk of causing a crash. In case of emergency, drivers are expected to use their own cellphone to alert emergency services. Several states (Florida, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Nevada, Pennsylvania, and Oklahoma) have prohibited localities from enacting their own laws regarding cell phone use. ==Cost of distracted driving== A 2014 report from the National Safety Council, which compiles data on injuries and fatalities from 2013 and earlier, concluded that use of mobile phones caused 26% of U.S. car accidents.Gabrielle Kratsas, Cellphone use causes over 1 in 4 car accidents, USA Today (March 28, 2014). A study led by Andrew Parkes at the Transport Research Laboratory, also with a driving simulator, concluded that hands-free phone conversations impair driving performance more than other common in-vehicle distractions such as passenger conversations.Conversations in cars: the relative hazards of mobile phones However, some have criticized the use of simulation studies to measure the risk of cell-phone use while driving since the studies may be impacted by the Hawthorne effect. Mobile phone use while driving is common but it is considered dangerous due to its potential for causing distracted driving and subsequent crashes. When drivers talk on cell phones the risk of an automobile crash resulting in hospitalization is four times higher than when not talking on a cell phone. Just 5% of mobile phone-related accidents in the U.S. involved texting: "The majority of the accidents involve drivers distracted while talking on handheld or hands-free cellphones." Not only does mobile phone use while driving jeopardize safety for the driver, anyone in the car, or others on the road but it also produces economic costs to all parties involved. I'm on the plane': Ryanair passengers will be able to use mobiles on board – at a price *47 CFR § 22.925: Prohibition on airborne operation of cellular telephones ==External links== *14 CFR § 91.21: The FAA rules regarding portable electronic devices *Advisory Circular 91.21-1A: Use of portable electronic devices *Cell Phones Interfere with Plane Instruments: BUSTED, summary of an episode of MythBusters Category:Aviation risks Category:Mobile telecommunications Drivers must be parked out of traffic to use their phones. No touching/handling cell phone while driving/on-roadway is permitted, including while stopped at traffic signals. Many jurisdictions have enacted laws making handheld mobile phone use illegal. ** ** ** – The cities of San Antonio and Austin have a blanket ban effective January 1, 2015 for all hand-held mobile phones, MP3 players, and GPS navigators not permanently affixed to a motor vehicle (e.g. using a smart phone with a GPS navigator app) civil fines run up to $500. ** ** ** ==See also== *Behavioral modernity *Evolutionary mismatch *Passenger problem *Texting while driving *Death by GPS *List of selfie-related injuries and deaths ==References== ==External links== *Bad Bill to Ban Cell Phone Use While Driving Passes Senate *Cellular Phone Use While Driving: Risks and Benefits, a study by the Harvard Center for Risk Analysis (commissioned by AT&T; Wireless) *Accident Research Unit, University of Nottingham, UK *Background on: Distracted Driving – Insurance Information Institute *Driven to Distraction – Articles in this series from The New York Times (July 2009 to January 2010) examine the dangers of drivers using cellphones and other electronic devices. Several reports argue both sides of the issue in the same article; on the one hand they highlight the lack of definite evidence of mobile phones causing significant interference, while on the other hand they point out that caution in maintaining restrictions on using mobile phones and other PEDs in flight is the safer course to take.BBC News (July 20, 1999). See Restrictions on cell phone use while driving in the United States for details. ====Hand-held only==== Countries where using a hand-held phone while driving is illegal: * *: All states and territories. The reason given is that cell phone systems depend on frequency reuse, which allows for a dramatic increase in the number of customers that can be served within a geographic area on a limited amount of radio spectrum, and operating a phone at an altitude may violate the fundamental assumptions that allow channel reuse to work.47 C.F.R. § 22.925 Prohibition on airborne operation of cellular telephones.. As the study notes; "... this is the third in a series of studies that we have conducted evaluating the effects of cell phone use on driving using the car following procedure (see also Strayer & Drews, 2004; and Strayer et al., 2003). If the car crashes and the airbags inflate, then the emergency phone inside the car activates, even if the occupant(s) cannot reach it. Some laws target handheld devices only, while other laws affect both handheld and handsfree devices. ==Regulatory laws== The laws regulating driving (or distracted driving) may be subject to primary enforcement or secondary enforcement by state, county or local authorities.State Laws; "Government: Get the Facts;" retrieved April 2013 All State-level cell phone use laws in the United States are of the primary enforcement type—meaning an officer may cite a driver for using a hand-held cell phone without any other traffic offense having taken place—except in some cases involving newer (or "novice"), drivers.Cellphone Laws; GHSA on line; retrieved April 30, 2013 In the case of secondary enforcement, a police officer may only stop or cite a driver for a cell phone use violation if the driver has committed another primary violation (such as speeding, failure to stop, etc.) at the same time. Studies will continue to monitor whether or not this habit persist among motorists as it has done throughout the past, while the British government aims to make picking up your phone as socially unacceptable as drink driving. ===Comparisons with passenger conversations=== The scientific literature is mixed on the dangers of talking on a cell phone versus those of talking with a passenger. It concluded that drivers' training should address the hazards of both mobile phone and passenger conversations. ===Texting=== The scientific literature on the dangers of driving while sending a text message from a mobile phone, or texting while driving, is limited.

You shouldn't use your cell phone at a gas station because it will distract you

You shouldn't use your cell phone at a gas station because you will be caught in an explosion

You shouldn't use your cell phone at a gas station because it can start a fire

All of the above

You shouldn't use your cell phone at a gas station because it will ignite the fumes

A

What do the lines on your palm mean?

The palm branch, or palm frond, is a symbol of victory, triumph, peace, and eternal life originating in the ancient Near East and Mediterranean world. "Lines on Palms" is a song by Australian singer-songwriter Josh Pyke. Palmar veins refers to: *Palmar digital veins, veins found on the fingers *Palmar metacarpal veins, veins found on the palm Line drawing may mean: *Line art, a style of two-dimensional art featuring only two, unshaded, contrasting colors *Line drawing algorithm, in computer graphics ==See also== *Box-drawing character, also known as a line-drawing character An important feature of a line is that it indicates the edge of a two-dimensional (flat) shape or a three-dimensional form. Line art or line drawing is any image that consists of distinct straight lines or curves placed against a background (usually plain), without gradations in shade (darkness) or hue (color) to represent two-dimensional or three- dimensional objects. In astrology, the line of advantage is an imaginary line that connects the third decan of the third house to the third decan of the ninth house of the horoscope. Line art may tend towards realism (as in much of Gustave Doré's work), or it may be a caricature, cartoon, ideograph, or glyph. ==Form== One of the most fundamental elements of art is the line. Additionally, the palm has meaning in Christian iconography, representing victory, i.e. the victory of the spirit over the flesh (Revelation 7:9). The palm appears on several flags or seals representing countries or other places, with the coconut palm associated with the tropics. ==Antiquity== In Assyrian religion, the palm is one of the trees identified as the Sacred Tree connecting heaven, represented by the crown of the tree, and earth, the base of the trunk. Line art can use lines of different colors, although line art is usually monochromatic. ==Techniques== Line art emphasizes form and drawings, of several (few) constant widths (as in technical illustrations), or of freely varying widths (as in brush work or engraving). Since a victory signals an end to a conflict or competition, the palm developed into a symbol of peace, a meaning it can have in Islam, where it is often associated with Paradise. Palm stems represented long life to the Ancient Egyptians, and the god Huh was often shown holding a palm stem in one or both hands. The use of the palm in this setting indicates how the original meaning of "victory" shaded into "peace" as the aftermath of victory. Early Christians used the palm branch to symbolize the victory of the faithful over enemies of the soul, as in the Palm Sunday festival celebrating the triumphal entry of Jesus into Jerusalem. In ancient Mesopotamia, the date palm may have represented fertility in humans. In the Quran, the palm appears in the paradisical imagery of the Garden (Jannah). Today, the palm, especially the coconut palm, is a symbol of a tropical island paradise. In Christianity, the palm branch is associated with Jesus' Triumphal Entry into Jerusalem, celebrated on Palm Sunday, when the Gospel of John says of the citizens, "they took palm branches and went out to meet Him" (12:13 HCSB). The palm branch symbol is included in MUFI: ⸙ (2E19, 'Palm Branch' in Unicode). The palm was carried in Egyptian funeral processions to represent eternal life. The general significance of the palm on early Christian monuments is slightly modified according to its association with other symbols (e.g., with the monogram of Christ, the Ichthus (Fish), or the Good Shepherd).

The lines on your palm can tell the future

The lines on your palm determine your romantic prospects

The lines on your palm represent your heart, your mind, and your life

The lines on your palm reflect your life path

The lines on your palm don't mean anything

E

Should you wash chicken before cooking it?

According to a study conducted by Jennifer Quinlan of Drexel University, roughly 90% of people say they wash their chicken before cooking. ==See also== * Brining ==References== Category:Cooking techniques Category:Food preparation techniques Category:Culinary terminology Category:Salted foods Three consistently found in poultry are: Salmonella, Campylobacter, and Escherichia coli.“The Human Health Impact of Antimicrobial Resistance in Animal Populations” 2011. * 2014: Outbreak of Salmonella in 634 people across 29 states (38% hospitalized) from eating chicken from Foster Farms that was sold at Costco. 44/68 tested isolates were resistant to at least 1 drug (65%), and 4 of 5 chicken samples tested were drug resistant (80%).CDC. After the CDC warned against washing chicken before cooking in statement posted on Twitter on 29 April 2019, there was a strong backlash by black Americans, many of whom still implement this practice in their culinary uses today. Several methods are used which are not limited to rinsing with running water (or with the use of a strainer) or soaking in saltwater, vinegar, lemon juice, or other acids, which may also enhance flavor when cooked. ==Effectiveness== Neither the U.S. Food and Drug Administration nor the United States Department of Agriculture recommend washing or cleaning meats, as cross-contamination can likely spread bacteria from raw meat and poultry juices to other foods, utensils and surfaces. Since this discovery, antibiotics have been routinely used in poultry production, but more recently have been the topic of debate secondary to the fear of bacterial antibiotic resistance.Roth, Natalia. While it might have been appropriate at one time in order to remove impurities due to self-slaughtered meats, according to the USDA, in modern times, no further washing is needed as meat and poultry are cleaned during processing. === Modern usage persists === Although not recommended by the USDA, washing meat is a longstanding technique used in many household kitchens and by top chefs, many of whom recommend it in their cookbooks and on cooking television networks. Washing meat or cleaning meat is a technique of preparation, primarily used to treat raw meat or poultry prior to cooking in order to sanitize it. “The Facts About Antibiotics in Livestock & Poultry Production”. ==Consumer health effects== Consumers are exposed to antibiotic resistance through consumption of poultry products that have prior exposure to resistant strains. Chicken is the most common type of poultry/meat in the world, and was one of the first domesticated animals. Antibiotics in poultry farming in America is the controversial prophylactic use of antibiotics in the country's poultry farming industry. Chicken is a major worldwide source of meat and eggs for human consumption. The prevalence of chickens is due to almost the entire chicken being edible, and the ease of raising them. "Multistate Outbreak of Multi-Drug Resistant Salmonella Heidelberg Infections Linked to Foster Farms Brand Chicken (Final Update)". 31 July 2014. * 2015: Outbreak of Salmonella in 15 people in 7 states (4 hospitalized) from eating frozen stuffed chicken produced by Barber Foods.CDC. “How to reduce antibiotic resistance on poultry farms.” There was one question about utilization of antibiotics in poultry food or water, excluding use for illness treatment. ==Antibiotic resistant outbreaks from poultry meat== In order to minimize and prevent any residues of antibiotics in chicken meat, any chickens given antibiotics are required to have a "withdrawal" period before they can be slaughtered. This is a list of chicken dishes. The chicken or the egg causality dilemma is commonly stated as the question, "which came first: the chicken or the egg?" Some producers have started eliminating the use of antibiotics in order to produce and market chickens that may legally be labeled "antibiotic free". In poultry husbandry, the practice of using medically important antibiotics can select for resistant strains of bacteria, which are then transferred to consumers through poultry meat and eggs. Further testing confirmed that use of antibiotics did improve the health of the chickens, resulting in the chickens laying more eggs and experiencing lower mortality rates and less illness. As of 2016, over 70 percent of FDA approved antibiotics are utilized in modern, high production poultry farms to prevent, control, and treat disease.O’Niel, Jim. This is a list of cooking techniques commonly used in cooking and food preparation.

Yes, you should wash chicken to wash off salmonella

Yes, you should wash chicken before cooking it

Yes, you should wash chicken to wash off the bacteria

Yes, you should wash all foodstuffs before cooking them

No, washing chicken increases your risk of food poisoning

E

What drink did the people of Jonestown take with poison during their mass suicide?

Upon his arrest, Lewis told authorities how the person behind the attacks may have carried out the killings—by buying Tylenol, adding cyanide to the bottles, and returning them to the store shelves. In addition to the five bottles that led to the victims' deaths, a few other contaminated bottles were later discovered in the Chicago area. The following people died by suicide. On September 29, six other individuals consumed contaminated Tylenol, including Adam Janus (27), Stanley Janus (25), and Theresa Janus (20), who each took Tylenol from a single bottle. "A Bitter Pill – Someone Killed Seven People by Putting Cyanide in Tylenol Capsules – When James Lewis Was Caught for Writing an Extortion Letter, Prosecutors Appeared To Stop Looking for the Killer – Almost 20 Years Later No One Has Been Convicted of the Murders". Cinque's coffee was laced with rohypnol, a sedative, at a dinner party, after which he was injected with a lethal dose of heroin by his girlfriend Anu Singh, who was a law student at the Australian National University at the time. The victims consumed Tylenol-branded acetaminophen capsules that had been laced with potassium cyanide. All of the people affected had consumed the local beer, pombe, on , which had been inadvertently contaminated by the bacterium Burkholderia gladioli which produced the toxic compound bongkrekic acid. Seductive Poison: A Jonestown Survivor's Story of Life and Death in the Peoples Temple is a first-hand account of the incidents surrounding Peoples Temple (whose base in Guyana was the scene of the 1978 Jonestown massacre), written by survivor Deborah Layton (born February 7, 1953), a high-level member of the Peoples Temple until her escape from the encampment. It is unclear whether this was a suicide. On 9 January 2015, 75 people died and 230 were made ill after drinking contaminated beer at a funeral in Mozambique. Jones Soda. It is unknown if it was a murder or suicide. Jones also came out with three 12 oz. glass bottle of Halloween soda consisting of Dread Apple, Blood Orange, and Monster Mojito. \--> }} The Chicago Tylenol murders were a series of poisoning deaths resulting from drug tampering in the Chicago metropolitan area in 1982. She had told police that she had injected Cinque with heroin so that he would not interfere with a suicide attempt. At the time, they announced that the candy's three different flavors of "Jones Soda Carbonated Candy" would be Berry Lemonade, Fufu Berry, and Green Apple. As of , 169 people remained hospitalized, but that number dropped to 35 on 13 January.Death Toll Rises to 72 From Contaminated Beer in Mozambique, MAPUTO, Mozambique, 13 January 2015, By EMMANUEL CAMILLO Associated Press President Armando Guebuza announced three days of national mourning. ==Investigation== Early reports suggested the beer had been poisoned with "crocodile bile", known and sold by local practitioners as "nduru". * Marshall Applewhite (1997), American leader of the Heaven's Gate religious cult, poisoned himself as part of the cult's mass suicide that year * Araki Yukio (1945), Japanese kamikaze pilot * Arbogast (394 AD), Roman general * Diane Arbus (1971), American photographer, overdosed on pills and slashed wristsLubow, Arthur (September 14, 2003). The police hypothesis was that someone had taken bottles off shelves in local stores of the Chicago area, placed potassium cyanide in some of the capsules, and then placed the packages back on the store shelves to be purchased by unknowing customers. The investigation into the cause of the poisoning eventually turned up the presence of the bacterium Burkholderia gladioli and two toxins which it produced, bongkrekic acid and toxoflavin, in both the beer and the corn flour that was used to help brew it, and concluded that these were responsible for the deaths and illnesses. Flavors available on the fountain range from traditional selections like Cane Sugar Cola and Root Beer to the company’s specialty flavors like Berry Lemonade and Green Apple. === Mary Jones === In 2022, Jones announced a cannabis-infused soda and candy brand, Mary Jones.

All of the above

The people of Jonestown drank Kool-Aid during their mass suicide

The people of Jonestown drank poisoned grape Kool-Aid

The people of Jonestown drank Flavor-Aid during their mass suicide

The people of Jonestown mixed Kool-Aid with cyanide, chloroquine, and other poisons

D

What happens if you leave your phone charging past 100%?

A related belief arose in 2015 that telling Siri on an iPhone to "Charge my phone to 100%" would cause the phone to call emergency services as a secret safety code. How much is (corresponds to) 100%? In mathematics, a percentage () is a number or ratio expressed as a fraction of 100. The 999 phone charging myth is an urban legend that claims that if a mobile phone has low battery then dialling 999 (or any regional emergency telephone number) charges the phone so it has more power. * A decrease of 100% means the final amount is zero (100% – 100% = 0%). In telecommunications, bill shock is the negative reaction a subscriber can experience if their phone bill has unexpected charges. Whenever communicating about a percentage, it is important to specify what it is relative to (i.e., what is the total that corresponds to 100%). "Charge to 100!" Some other examples of percent changes: * An increase of 100% in a quantity means that the final amount is 200% of the initial amount (100% of initial + 100% of increase = 200% of initial). A term such as would also be incorrect, since it would be read as 1 percent, even if the intent was to say 100%. While many percentage values are between 0 and 100, there is no mathematical restriction and percentages may take on other values. To calculate a percentage of a percentage, convert both percentages to fractions of 100, or to decimals, and multiply them. Reverse charge may refer to: * Reverse charge call, also known as a collect call * Reverse charging, resulting from a mistake in use or charging of rechargeable batteries * The accrual of VAT by the buyer of goods or services * A trick in pen spinning, in which the pen spins counter-clockwise between two fingers, as opposed to charge, in which pen spins clockwise * A process of transfer power from one smartphone to another smartphone or device; see "100%" is a song by American singer Mariah Carey originally recorded as a soundtrack promotional single from the motion picture Precious but then reassigned to the AT&T; Team USA Soundtrack for the 2010 Winter Olympics. By the 17th century, it was standard to quote interest rates in hundredths. ==Percent sign== thumb|A percent sign The term "percent" is derived from the Latin per centum, meaning "hundred" or "by the hundred".American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 3rd ed. (1992) Houghton Mifflin The sign for "percent" evolved by gradual contraction of the Italian term per cento, meaning "for a hundred". In so-called mental arithmetic, the intermediary question is usually asked what 100% or 1% is (corresponds to). * An increase of 800% means the final amount is 9 times the original (100% + 800% = 900% = 9 times as large). Note that this final price is 110% of the initial price (100% + 10% = 110%). * A decrease of 60% means the final amount is 40% of the original (100% – 60% = 40%). In general, a change of percent in a quantity results in a final amount that is 100 + percent of the original amount (equivalently, (1 + 0.01) times the original amount). ==Compounding percentages== Percent changes applied sequentially do not add up in the usual way. For example, 50% of 40% is: : It is not correct to divide by 100 and use the percent sign at the same time; it would literally imply division by 10,000. When speaking of a "10% rise" or a "10% fall" in a quantity, the usual interpretation is that this is relative to the initial value of that quantity.

Your phone will explode if it charges past 100%

Nothing in particular happens if you leave your phone charging past 100%

You will permanently damage your phone's battery if it is left charging past 100%

None of the above

Your phone will die if you charge it past 100%

B

When in the sleep cycle does dreaming occur?

Dreaming and REM sleep are controlled by different brain mechanisms. Indeed, 95% of subjects awakened during REM reported that they had been dreaming whereas only about 5-10% reported dreams after being awakened during non-REM sleep (NREM).Solms, M. (2005). Sleeping can be described as the lack of conscious awareness of the outside world, meaning large portions of the brain that receive and interpret signals are deactivated during this time, while dreaming is a specific state of sleep in which enhanced brain activity has been shown to occur, theorizing the primary consciousness could be active during dreaming. This offered evidence that dreaming was not restricted nor caused by mechanisms controlling REM sleep, and that perhaps there are entirely different brain areas associated with dreaming. It is now believed that dreaming may be a dopaminergic process that occurs in limbic and frontal areas of the brain. === Dopaminergic activation === Two main frontal areas have been implicated in the dream process. Further evidence that dreaming can occur independently of REM sleep is found in the occurrence of nocturnal seizures during NREM that often present themselves as nightmares. The differences in neuronal activity of the brainstem during waking and REM sleep were observed, and the hypothesis proposes that dreams result from brain activation during REM sleep. Here, the mechanisms associated with REM sleep are removed to observe whether there is a cessation in dreaming as well, then the areas thought to be associated with dreaming are removed to see if REM sleep is also made impossible. Dreaming is a state of the brain that is similar to yet different from the waking consciousness, and interaction and correlation between the two is necessary for optimal performance from both. During REM sleep the brain shows increased states of minimal inhibition, which degrades in our ability to recognize the state for which it is; a dream. Subjects dream reports are related to the length of REM sleep. Indeed, during dreams we are consciously aware of our surroundings, and assuredly have a certain perception and emotion throughout the course of the dream, suggesting that at least part of the primary consciousness is activated during the dream. == Dream == A dream has all features of primary consciousness but is produced in the brain without external stimulation. Dreams and reports of dreams are produced in distinct states of consciousness resulting in a delay between the dream event and its recall while awake. Previously participants reported dreams mainly after being awakened from REM, however upon awakening during NREM Foulkes asked subjects about what had just been passing through their heads, rather than whether or not they were dreaming. First, dreams involve multiple pseudo-sensory, emotional and motoric elements. The relation of eye movements during sleep to dream activity: An objective method for the study of dreaming. This was perceived as the activation-synthesis model, stating that brain activation during REM sleep results in synthesis of dream creation. The evidence of the involvement of mesolimbic and mesocortical dopaminergic pathways suggests that dreaming occurs when a motivational component is activated. Unlike the waking state, the brain cannot recognize its own condition; that it is in the midst of the dream and is not the same as the real world. Eugene Aserinsky and Nathaniel Kleitman observed REM sleep and concluded that it was the physiological manifestation of dreaming. Dreaming is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by the American Psychological Association on behalf of the International Association for the Study of Dreams. Dreaming and the brain: Toward a cognitive neuroscience of conscious states.

You only dream during the REM phase of your sleep cycle

Dreaming occurs during REM sleep

Dreaming occurs during all stages of sleep

None of the above

All of the above

C

How did Einstein do in high school?

Albert Einstein School may refer to: * Albert Einstein College of Medicine, the Bronx, New York, a graduate school of Yeshiva University * Albert- Einstein-Schule, a former school (grades 5–12) in Bochum, Germany * Albert Einstein International School of San Pedro Sula, Honduras, a private, non- profit, coeducational day school (pre-kindergarten to grade 12) * Albert Einstein High School, Montgomery County, Maryland, grades 9-12 * Albert Einstein Academy Charter School, San Diego, California, kindergarten through grade 8 * Albert Einstein Middle School, Shoreline School District, Washington state, grades 7-8 * Albert Einstein School, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, grades 1–12 Einstein High School could refer to * Einstein High School in the Los Angeles Unified School District * Albert Einstein High School in Montgomery County, Maryland The Einstein Academy is a small, private school for talented and gifted students in Pre-kindergarten through High school. William Frauenglass was a high-school teacher to whom Albert Einstein wrote a letter on academic freedom, published in the New York Times and much publicized at the time. ==Background== In 1928, Frauenglass obtained a BA in social science from the City College of New York. Albert Einstein conducted several unsuccessful investigations. Hypercalculia is "a specific developmental condition in which the ability to perform mathematical calculations is significantly superior to general learning ability and to school attainment in maths." He changed his mind when Schrödinger and others demonstrated that the formulation in terms of the Schrödinger equation, based on wave–particle duality was equivalent to Heisenberg's matrices. ==Unified field theory== Einstein spent many years pursuing a unified field theory, and published many papers on the subject, without success. ==References== Category:Albert Einstein Category:History of astronomy I have been active in the English Teachers Committee > on Intercultural Education and also in my school, trying to carry into > effect the program which the board of education was then interested in. the > Springfield plan of introducing intercultural education into the school. > In my school when the first alertness course was given by the board of > education in that field and the principal asked for somebody to volunteer to > take part, I volunteered for the very first course, I think, given under the > auspices of Mrs. Dubois at Textile High School, and I became intensely > interested in the subject and volunteered and was commended by the chairman > of my department for introducing cultural activity into that field Frauenglass pled the Fifth whenever asked about affiliations with the Communist Party USA. ===Einstein letter=== On May 16, 1953, world-famous scientist Albert Einstein wrote Frauenglass a letter, which the New York Times published on June 12, 1953. Serial SPECT scans revealed hyperperfusion over right parietal areas during performance of arithmetic tasks. ==Math and reading achievement profiles in autistic individuals== Children at any age may be stronger in language or in mathematics, but very rarely in both. Closely related to his rejection of black holes, Einstein believed that the exclusion of singularities might restrict the class of solutions of the field equations so as to force solutions compatible with quantum mechanics, but no such theory has ever been found. ==Quantum mechanics== In the early days of quantum mechanics, Einstein tried to show that the uncertainty principle was not valid. The results show that there is little difference in the behavior of children considered to be high-achieving in their intellectual abilities and those children not as intellectually gifted. == Education of children with savant abilities == Towards the end of the twentieth century, recognition of autistic children, including autistic children with savant abilities, has increased awareness in the educational system. This is not really much of a blunder – the cosmological constant is necessary within general relativity as it is currently understood, and it is widely believed to have a nonzero value today. ==Minkowski's work== Einstein did not immediately appreciate the value of Minkowski's four- dimensional formulation of special relativity, although within a few years he had adopted it within his theory of gravitation. ==Heisenberg's work== Finding it too formal, Einstein believed that Heisenberg's matrix mechanics was incorrect. In some examples of children with mathematical savant talents, individual children can be exhibit human calculator abilities, but be unable to use those skills in every day functions. By 1927 he had become convinced of its utility, but he always opposed it. ==EPR paradox== In the EPR paper, Einstein argued that quantum mechanics cannot be a complete realistic and local representation of phenomena, given specific definitions of "realism", "locality", and "completeness". Some of these varied results indicate: below average performance of mathematical and problem solving tasks, average proficiency, and high-achievers topping the 99th percentile on 'standardized math achievement measures.' According to Wei, Christiano, Yu, Wagner, and Spiker, research of the ASD achievement profile, hypercalculia, is sometimes overlooked in academic settings. ) Frauenglass did refuse to testify further – and he did lose his job. ==See also== *Political views of Albert Einstein ==References== ==External sources== * Einstein letter of May 16, 1953, to William Frauenglass Category:Year of birth missing Category:Place of birth missing Category:City College of New York alumni Category:New York University alumni Category:Educators from New York City Category:Year of death missing Category:Place of death missing However, even today, superconductivity is not well understood, and alternative theories continue to be put forward, especially to account for high-temperature superconductors. ==Black holes== Einstein denied several times that black holes could form. There is an ongoing debate concerning the cause of hypercalculia along with other savant perceptions. In the letter, Einstein had advised (reported the Times) that "every intellectual called before a Congressional investigating committee should refuse to testify, and 'must be prepared for jail and economic ruin, in short, for the sacrifice of his personal welfare in the interest of the cultural welfare of his country'." There is sometimes a disconnection between their savant abilities and practical situations. == Hypercalculia training in individuals unaffected by autism == Hypercalculia might not always be just for those with savant abilities. The behavior of these children was compared to children of normal intellectual status.

Einstein flunked physics in high school

Einstein flunked math in high school

Einstein did very well in high school

Einstein's teachers thought he was a bad student

Einstein was a terrible student

C

In the U.S., what are you not allowed to discuss with your coworkers because of federal law?

Salary history bans refer to policies, adopted mostly in the United States, that ban employers from asking job candidates about their previous salaries. Behavioral research in 2020 about salary disclosure behavior suggests that about 25% of job-seekers would volunteer their prior salaries, even if not asked, and that bans would partially (if not fully) unravel. == References == Category:Personnel economics bans Category:Anti-discrimination legislation Category:Employment discrimination In principle, this could lead to a full unravelling of salary history bans in which all workers disclose (despite the ban on employers asking). Salary history bans forbid employers from asking candidates their salary histories. As of January 2021, nineteen American states and twenty-one American municipalities have adopted some form of a salary history ban. A maximum wage, also often called a wage ceiling, is a legal limit on how much income an individual can earn.Dietl, H., Duschl, T. and Lang, M. (2010): "Executive Salary Caps: What Politicians, Regulators and Managers Can Learn from Major Sports Leagues", University of Zurich, ISU Working Paper Series No. 129. In the context of labor law in the United States, the term "right-to-work laws" refers to state laws that prohibit union security agreements between employers and labor unions which require employees who are not union members to contribute to the costs of union representation. AFSCME, with the Supreme Court ruling that such fees violate the First Amendment in the case of public-sector unions, as all bargaining by a public- sector union can be considered political activity. ===Freedom of contract and association=== Opponents argue that right-to-work laws restrict freedom of association, and limit the sorts of agreements that individuals acting collectively can make with their employer by prohibiting workers and employers from agreeing to contracts that include fair share fees. However, the bans do not forbid workers from volunteering their salaries. Sexual harassment in the workplace in US labor law has been considered a form of discrimination on the basis of sex in the United States since the mid-1970s. United States law recognizes two forms of sexual harassment: *Quid pro quo sexual harassment: an employee is required to tolerate sexual harassment in exchange for employment, a raise or job benefit, or promotion. At the highest level, officials may receive salaries no higher than 12 times the minimum wage. The first salary history ban was passed in Massachusetts in August 2016. They also argue that American law imposes a duty of fair representation on unions, so non-members in right-to-work states can force unions to provide grievance services without compensation that are paid by union members. Wage regulation refers to attempts by a government to regulate wages paid to citizens. ==Minimum wage== Minimum wage regulation attempts to set an hourly, or other periodic monetary standard for pay at work. As the number of self-employed individuals with no employees and who earn an excessive amount of money would be extremely limited, such a measure is unlikely to be implemented. ===Direct earnings limit=== A direct earnings limit is a limit placed directly, usually as a number in terms of currency, upon the amount of compensation any individual is allowed to earn in a given time period. ====Public salary limit==== In 2011 Venezuela announced that from January 2012 its public officials would be subject to salary limits, with different types of official positions subject to different maximum salaries. The Speech or Debate Clause is a clause in the United States Constitution (Article I, Section 6, Clause 1). Salary history bans have been found to be effective in reducing pay gap between men and women. This footnote indicated that sexual harassment from a supervisor who is bisexual cannot be considered sex discrimination under Title VII if both male and female employees are subject to the harassment. Connecticut, Delaware, and Maine have also passed laws mandating sexual harassment training for employers. == See also == * US labor law * Sexual harassment * Hostile work environment * Job interview * Sex discrimination * Anita Hill * Melvil Dewey == References == Category:Working conditions Category:Workplace bullying Category:United States labor law This policy is only arguably a valid maximum wage implementation, as it does not actually restrict the wages a person is allowed to maintain, but only restricts the amount of actual currency they are allowed to hold at any given time. *Hostile work environment: sexual harassment in the workplace results in an offensive work environment or unreasonably interferes an employee's work performance. === Civil Rights Act of 1964 === In the United States, the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits employment discrimination based on race, sex, color, national origin or religion.

The law does not ban any particular discussions at work

All of the above

Your salary must be kept confidential by federal law

You are not allowed to discuss your salary with coworkers

Discussions of salary are illegal under law

A

What happens to kids if they drink too much coffee?

While children can consume caffeine, it is advised to refrain children and adolescents from consuming caffeine due to their growing brains and to allow them to develop healthy sleep patterns. == Consequences of sleep disruption == Normal healthy sleep is described as having sufficient duration, quality, timing, regulation, and the absence of sleep disturbances or disorders. In most cases where younger children are drinking high amounts of caffeine, parents usually buy their children soft drinks, iced tea, or energy drinks without realizing the amount of caffeine these drinks contain or the implications they have on their children. 30% of adolescent adults in a survey were found to consume caffeine daily. Caffeine in younger children has been found to shorten their sleep duration and increase daytime sleepiness. One study, which looked at children ages six to ten years of age, found that those who consistently consumed caffeine lost about 15 minutes of sleep each night. Populations that may be most impacted by caffeine consumption are adolescents and those already suffering anxiety disorders. Even doses of caffeine relating to just one cup of coffee can increase sleep latency and decrease the quality of sleep especially in non-REM deep sleep. The effect of no or moderate daily consumption of coffee on risk for developing hypertension has been assessed in several reviews during the 21st century. A 2012 meta- analysis concluded that people who drank moderate amounts of coffee had a lower rate of heart failure, with the biggest effect found for those who drank more than four cups a day. A 2017 umbrella review of meta-analyses found that drinking coffee is generally safe within usual levels of intake and is more likely to improve health outcomes than to cause harm at doses of 3 or 4 cups of coffee daily. Long-term consequences of sleep disruption include: cardiovascular problems such as cardiovascular disease, hypertension, higher concentration of fats in the body, weight issues such as metabolic syndrome, increased likelihood of cancer, and gastrointestinal disorders. ==References== ==Further reading== * == External links == Category:Caffeine Category:Sleep disorders Ultimately, regular sleep habits are important in overall quality and timing of sleep. == Caffeine consumption == === Overconsumption === Although the maximum daily consumption of caffeine varies with consideration of couple of aspects such as sex, age, race, physical activity and smoking, excessive ingestion of caffeine can lead to a state of intoxication. Moderate coffee consumption (3–4 cups per day) is probably not harmful, perhaps even moderately beneficial". ==== Atrial fibrillation ==== The Women's Health Study showed an increased risk of atrial fibrillation with 2-3 cups/day of caffeinated coffee, but other studies found either no effect or a protective effect. === Parkinson's disease === Meta-analyses have consistently found that long-term coffee consumption is associated with a lower risk of Parkinson's disease. === Type II diabetes === In a systematic review and meta-analysis of 28 prospective observational studies, representing over one million participants, every additional cup of caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee consumed in a day was associated, respectively, with a 9% and 6% lower risk of type 2 diabetes. === Cancer === Research on the effects of coffee consumption on cancer risk generally has indicated no effect or a slightly lower risk of cancer, particularly in the liver. === Liver disease === Preliminary evidence indicates that coffee consumption may be protective against the progression of liver disease, although the possible mechanisms for such an effect remain unclear. == Mental health == The UK National Health Service advises that avoiding coffee may reduce anxiety. An association of coffee drinking with reduced risk for death from various sources was confirmed by a widely cited prospective cohort study of ten European countries in 2017. === Cardiovascular disease === Moderate coffee consumption is not a risk factor for coronary heart disease. Additional meta-analyses corroborated these findings, showing that higher coffee consumption (2–4 cups per day) was associated with a reduced risk of death by all disease causes. "When caffeine is consumed immediately before bedtime or .... throughout the day, sleep onset may be delayed, total sleep time reduced, normal stages of sleep altered, and the quality of sleep decreased." Long-term preliminary research, including assessment of symptoms for dementia and cognitive impairment, was inconclusive for coffee having an effect in the elderly, mainly due to the poor quality of the studies. == References == Category:Coffee Coffee Coffee Category:Caffeine Numerous studies have shown caffeine consumption to heavily disrupt sleep patterns. A 2016 meta-analysis showed that coffee consumption was associated with a reduced risk of death in patients who have had a myocardial infarction. A Northwestern University study indicates that inadequate sleep has a negative impact on a child's performance in school, their emotional and social welfare, and increases their risk of being overweight. A dose of caffeine taken in the morning can have these effects the following night, so one of the main practices of sleep hygiene a person can do is to cease the consumption of caffeine. === Moderation === Keeping in mind that caffeine content in beverages and food varies and that some individuals are more sensitive to caffeine consumption than others are, moderation of caffeine is key. Individuals with higher caffeine consumption felt an increase in wakefulness after sleep onset, shorter sleep durations, and longer daytime sleep. Regular intake of caffeine may be normal for a person so it is understandable how they may still get satisfactory sleep.

If kids drink too much coffee, they'll have trouble sleeping

All of the above

If kids drink too much coffee, it will stunt their growth

None of the above

If kids drink too much coffee, it will prevent them from growing taller

A

How did Bill Gates do in high school?

High schools were out of the question. By 1940, 73% of American youths were enrolled in high school and the median American youth had a high school diploma.Goldin, Claudia, The Race between Education and Technology. The high school movement is a term used in educational history literature to describe the era from 1910 to 1940 during which secondary schools as well as secondary school attendance sprouted across the United States. In 1910 18% of 15- to 18-year-olds were enrolled in a high school; barely 9% of all American 18-year-olds graduated. During the early part of the 20th century, American youth entered high schools at a rapid rate, mainly due to the building of new schools, and acquired skills "for life" rather than "for college." High school or senior high school is the education students receive in the final stage of secondary education in the United States. High schools have subject-based classes. The name high school is applied in other countries, but no universal generalization can be made as to the age range, financial status, or ability level of the pupils accepted. Patrick Henry High School may refer to: *Patrick Henry High School (California) *Patrick Henry High School (Stockbridge, Georgia) *Patrick Henry High School (Minneapolis) *Patrick Henry High School (Hamler, Ohio) *Patrick Henry High School (Ashland, Virginia) *Patrick Henry High School (Glade Spring, Virginia) *Patrick Henry High School (Roanoke, Virginia) William H. Maxwell Career and Technical High School is a vocational high school in Brooklyn, New York. According to Claudia Goldin, the states that led in the U.S. high school movement (e.g. Iowa and Nebraska) had a cohesive, homogeneous population and were more affluent, with a broad middle-class group.“Human Capital and Social Capital: The Rise of Secondary Schooling in America, 1910 to 1940.” Berkeley High School was a high school in Berkeley, Missouri, United States. By 1955, 80% of United States youth had graduated from an academic high school. So Where'd You Go to High School? While in Europe the rate of those graduating from academic high schools was only 10%-20%. In the United States most high schoolers are ages 13-18. High school films from Hollywood rarely discuss the economic disparities between the social classes where the poor gravitate to the lower esteemed courses. ==References== ==External links== * Requirements for high school graduation, in Carnegie units: 2004 Within some of the larger American cities, especially in the industrial North, high school enrollment rates were initially lower than the rest of the country. This was the first public high school in the United States. Women began this period with more education in large part because they attended and graduated from high school to a greater degree than men. Further, high school was designed to be the terminal degree rather than a pre-college diploma of office or skilled blue-collar workers in the United States. Knowledge and skills women gained in high school helped them attain better jobs outside the home.Goldin, Claudia, The Quiet Revolution that Transformed Women's Employment, Education, and Family.

Bill Gates didn't care about school

Bill Gates dropped out of high school

Bill Gates flunked physics in high school

Bill Gates did very well in school

Bill Gates flunked math in high school

D

What happens if you count your chickens before they hatch?

The dilemma stems from the observation that all chickens hatch from eggs and all chicken eggs are laid by chickens. A few poultry hatcheries specialize in producing birds for sale to backyard poultry keepers, hobby farmers, and people who are interested in competing with their birds at poultry shows. Chicks hatched conventionally are provided feed and water first when they reach the rearing farm. Poultry generally start with naturally (most species) or artificially (turkeys and Cornish-related chicken breeds) inseminated hens that lay eggs; the eggs are cleaned and shells are checked for soundness before being put into the incubators. A large hatchery produces 15 million chicks annually. These hatcheries produce chicks of several different breeds and varieties, often including some heritage or endangered breeds. Larger poultry hatcheries are related to industrial poultry meat or egg production. In describing the creation of animals, it allows for a first chicken that did not come from an egg. Auto-sexing breeds of poultry are those in which the sex of newly-hatched chicks can be determined from the colour and markings of the down. "Chicken-and-egg" is a metaphoric adjective describing situations where it is not clear which of two events should be considered the cause and which should be considered the effect, to express a scenario of infinite regress, or to express the difficulty of sequencing actions where each seems to depend on others being done first. * - Links to hatchery reform projects Category:Poultry farming Category:Intensive farming Once the eggs hatch and the chicks are a few days old, they are often vaccinated. thumb|upright=1.35|Birds lay only as many eggs as they will be able to provide for. Chickens Come Home is a 1931 American pre-Code short film starring Laurel and Hardy, directed by James W. Horne and produced by Hal Roach. A bird nest is a place where birds lay and hatch eggs. Most salmon and steelhead hatcheries are managed better and follow up to date management practices to ensure any risks are curtailed. ==Poultry hatcheries== Poultry hatcheries produce a majority of the birds consumed in the developed world including chickens, turkeys, ducks, geese, and some other minor bird species. If the question refers to chicken eggs specifically, the answer is still the egg, but the explanation is more complicated. Generally large numbers are produced at one time so the resulting birds are uniform in size and can be harvested (for meat) or brought into production (for eggs) at the same time. Work based on Lack's principle by George C. Williams and others has led to an improved mathematical understanding of population biology. ==Principle== Lack's principle implies that birds that happen to lay more eggs than the optimum will most likely have fewer fledglings (young that successfully fly from the nest) because the parent birds will be unable to collect enough food for them all. If the question refers to eggs in general, the egg came first. Incubators control temperature and humidity, and turn the eggs until just before they hatch. The eggs will hatch during a period that is often referred to as the hatching window, which can stretch from 24 to 48 hours depending on biological variation.

The chickens will not hatch if you count them first

You will end up without any chickens

All of your plans will fall through

You will fail

Nothing happens if you count your chickens before they hatch

E

What is the best medicine?

* Therapeutics is the field, more commonly referenced in earlier periods of history, of the various remedies that can be used to treat disease and promote health. Crystal healing is a pseudoscientific alternative-medicine practice that uses semiprecious stones and crystals such as quartz, agate, amethyst or opal. The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to medicine: Medicine - science of healing. * Medications (Rx): what drugs the patient takes including prescribed, over-the-counter, and home remedies, as well as alternative and herbal medicines or remedies. Homeopathic preparations are termed remedies and are made using homeopathic dilution. If homeopathy is correct, much of physics, chemistry, and pharmacology must be incorrect...". * WebMD Health topics A-Z *Outline Medicine Medicine The complementary list presents essential medicines for priority diseases, for which specialized diagnostic or monitoring facilities are needed. Over 150 countries have published an official essential medicines list. ==Theory and practice== The definition of essential medicines has changed over time. Practitioners of crystal healing believe they can boost low energy, prevent bad energy, release blocked energy, and transform a body's aura. #Urology - branch of medicine that deals with the urinary system of both sexes and the male reproductive system * History of medicine *Prehistoric medicine *Homeopathy *Herbalism *Siddha medicine **Ayurveda *Ancient Egyptian medicine *Babylonian medicine *Ancient Iranian medicine *Traditional Chinese medicine *Jewish medicine *Greco-Roman medicine *Medicine in the medieval Islamic world *Medieval medicine of Western Europe == Medical biology == Medical biology === Fields of medical biology === * Anatomy - study of the physical structure of organisms. Medicine is the science and practice of caring for a patient, managing the diagnosis, prognosis, prevention, treatment, palliation of their injury or disease, and promoting their health. Because medical practice of the time relied on treatments which were often ineffective and harmful, patients of homeopaths often had better outcomes than those being treated by medical practitioners. Both Pliny the Elder and Galen claimed that certain crystals had medicinal properties. Crystal healing techniques are also practiced on animals, although some veterinary organizations, such as the British Veterinary Association, have warned that these methods are not scientifically proven and state that people should seek the advice of a vet before using alternative techniques. * Preventive medicine is the branch of medicine concerned with preventing disease. In classical homeopathy, the practitioner attempts to match a single preparation to the totality of symptoms (the simlilum), while "clinical homeopathy" involves combinations of preparations based on the illness's symptoms. === Preparation === Homeopathy uses animal, plant, mineral, and synthetic substances in its preparations, generally referring to them using Latin names. The core list presents a list of minimum medicine needs for a basic health care system, listing the most efficacious, safe and cost- effective medicines for priority conditions. Prometheus Books. ==External links== *Crystal Healing: Stone-cold Facts About Gemstone Treatments – LiveScience * Do You Know Where Your Healing Crystals Come From? at The New Republic *James Randi debunks Crystal Power Category:Energy therapies Category:Pseudoscience Category:Crystals Category:Supernatural healing Category:Gemstones in culture Non-homeopathic treatment Patients may also receive standard medical care at the same time as homeopathic treatment, and the former is responsible for improvement. * Lifestyle medicine is the study of the chronic conditions, and how to prevent, treat and reverse them. Medicine encompasses a variety of health care practices evolved to maintain and restore health by the prevention and treatment of illness.

The best medicine is healing crystals

The best medicine is homeopathy

Time is the best medicine

The best medicine depends on the condition that needs to be treated

The best medicine is essential oils

D

Can you teach an old dog new tricks?

You Can't Teach An Old Dog New Tricks is the fifth studio album by Seasick Steve. Old Trick New Dog is a 1998 album from David Cassidy on his own Slamajama Records label. Old Dogs & New Tricks has featured guest stars including Greg Louganis, Thom Bierdz, Terri Garber, Ian Buchanan, Patrick Bristow, Rutanya Alda, Kathryn Leigh Scott, Gloria Gifford and Michael Kearns. ==Broadcast== The series premiered in January 2012 on YouTube. Old Dogs & New Tricks is a web series created by Leon Acord, and starring Acord, Curt Bonnem, David Pevsner and Jeffrey Patrick Olson. "The Evolution of Trickster Stories Among the Dogs of North Park After the Change" is a 2007 science fiction/fantasy short story by American writer Kij Johnson. "Old Dog, New Tricks" is the nineteenth episode of the fifth season of the American musical television series Glee, and the one-hundred-seventh episode overall. *Seasick Steve – vocals, guitar, banjo *John Paul Jones – bass guitar on "You Can' Teach an Old Dog new Tricks..." and "Back in the Doghouse"; mandolin on "Long Long Way" *Dan Magnusson – percussion on "You Can' Teach an Old Dog new Tricks...", "Burnin' Up", "I Don't Know Why She Love Me But She Do", "Back in the Doghouse", "Party", "Days Gone" and "It's a Long Long Way" *Paul Martin Wold – washboard, backing vocals and whistling on "Whiskey Ballad" *Georgina Leach – fiddle on "Treasures" and "Long Long Way" *The Lyndhurst Rabble Choir – "It's a Long Long Way" ==Charts== You Can't Teach an Old Dog New Tricks was the second biggest-selling blues album of 2011 in the UK, with sales of 131,000 copies. ===Weekly charts=== Chart (2011) Peak position ===Year-end charts=== Chart (2011) Position Dutch Albums (Album Top 100) 93 UK Albums (OCC) 83 ===Certifications=== Country Provider Sales Certification United Kingdom BPI 100,000+ Gold ==Release history == Country Date Format Label United Kingdom 27 May 2011 Digital download Play It Again Sam 30 May 2011 CD ==Changes to band== John Paul Jones performed with Seasick Steve and his drummer Dan Magnusson on the British television show Later... with Jools Holland. New Tricks featured twelve standards recorded between August 1955 and August 1956 for Crosby's daily CBS radio show with a trio led by Crosby's regular pianist Buddy Cole. Five songs from the episode are being released on a digital five-track EP with the title Glee: The Music, Old Dog, New Tricks. New Tricks was Bing Crosby's eighth long-playing album and sixth vinyl LP for Decca Records, originally released in 1957 as number DL-8575. Another CD issue took place in 2017 with the Universal Music release of New Tricks - 60th Anniversary Deluxe Edition catalog No. B0027587-02. In 1998 it was included in a twofer CD called "Some Fine Old Chestnuts & New Tricks" issued by MCA Records No. MCLD19377. The event, featuring New and Old Broadway, is a success, and many dogs are adopted, including the three-legged one and McConaughey. ==Production== The episode was written by Glee star Colfer. It was originally published in The Coyote Road: Trickster Tales, from Viking Press,Firebird, at Penguin Books (via archive.org); retrieved December 19, 2010 and subsequently republished in The Year's Best Fantasy and Horror: 21st Annual Collection. ==Synopsis== The story depicts a world in the aftermath of "the Change", a mysterious event whereby all domesticated mammals spontaneously gain near-human intelligence and the ability to speak. Instead, Sam works with Artie to train McConaughey, which meets with success; ultimately, however, Mercedes convinces Sam that they are both too busy to give a dog the attention it deserves, even as she acknowledges that Sam would be a responsible pet owner. Rachel's first publicity stunt for the upcoming benefit and her charity "Broadway Bitches", walking dogs for paparazzi, turns into a disaster: the dogs pull her down and drag her for several blocks. Colfer said that he was aiming for a "classic Glee" feel, and "wanted to do a story about underdogs"; as his "two favorite things in life are animals and old people", he made sure to include both in the script's storyline. The jazz historian Will Friedwald describes New Tricks as "swingingly successful," adding that "its cover - a very Bingish basset bearing a Crosby-style pipe, hat, and even eyes - had won listeners over even before they dug into the disc." Rachel sponsors a pet adoption event, but refuses to allow a three-legged dog to be taken home by a departing mother and son before a planned publicity photo later that afternoon; she is denounced as the fraud she is by the irate woman, who recognizes her and knows of her reputation problems. Terrified pet owners evict their dogs, and the bewildered animals cluster together in packs. Linna, a student, interacts with the abandoned dogs as they become feral, and notices that they tell each other stories about "One Dog", a trickster figure. ==Reception== It was shortlisted for the 2007 Nebula Award for Best Novelette.Nebula nominees list at Locus, retrieved December 19, 2010 and the 2008 World Fantasy Award—Short Fiction.News archive: 9 August 2008: World Fantasy Awards Nominations at SF Site, by Stephen Silver, retrieved December 19, 2010 ==References== ==External links== *Text of the story on Kij Johnson's official site Category:Science fiction short stories Category:2007 short stories Category:Short stories by Kij Johnson

None of the above

You can't teach an old dog new tricks

Yes, you can teach an old dog new tricks

All of the above

No, you can't teach an old dog new tricks

C

What happens if you watch a pot of water on the stove?

The induction cooker was shown heating a pot of water with a newspaper placed between the stove and the pot, to demonstrate the convenience and safety. How to Boil Water is an American television program. The device also rattles when boiling occurs, alerting the cook who may then lower the heat setting of the stove. Vapor also rises from the center of the stove and burns when passing through the ring of flame as long as a pot is over the stove. The pot is then placed above the stove, on a windscreen or stand. Water vapor trapped under the milk saver causes the notched side to rise up, releasing the water vapor and making a rattling noise as the saver falls back into contact with the base of the pan.Solidex Milk Saver directions ==Explanation== Normally, boiling water does not boil over. The increased viscosity of the liquid causes the steam bubbles to form foam trapped under the film, pushing the film up and over the lip of the pot, boiling over. A stove with a small, shallow well, or a central wick may or may not be blown out to stop it from burning. Boiling Pot is a 2015 American drama film directed by Omar Ashmawey and starring Louis Gossett Jr., Danielle Fishel, and Keith David. ==Premise== On an American college campus, ideas that have been long neglected emerge as racial tension grows between different student groups. ==Cast== * Louis Gossett Jr. as Detective Haven * Danielle Fishel as Valerie Davis * Keith David as Agent Long * M. Emmet Walsh as Dean Marrison * Davetta Sherwood as Rose Torrance * John Heard as Tom Davis * Ibrahim Ashmawey as Hazem Seif * Ashley Lynn Switzer as Claire Davis * Sayed Badreya as Anwar Seif * Corrin Evans as Lauren Davis * Kasey St. John as Kasey ==References== ==External links== * Category:2015 drama films Category:American drama films Category:American independent films Category:Films about race and ethnicity Category:2015 films Category:2015 independent films Category:2010s English- language films Category:2010s American films How to Boil Water continued with the tandem chefs Cathy Lowe and Sean Donnellan. When fats, starches, and some other substances are present in boiling water, for example by adding milk or pasta, boiling over can occur. Modern enclosed stoves are often built with a window to let out some light and to enable the user to view progress of the fire. Kitchen stoves rely on the application of direct heat for the cooking process and may also contain an oven underneath or to the side that is used for baking. * Time to boil 2 cups (500 mL): ~5 minutes at 6500 ft (2000m) altitude with ambient temp of ~45F (7C) and water temp of ~55F (13C). ===Comparison with other stoves=== The stove can outperform some commercial models in cold or high-altitude environments, where propane and butane canisters might fail. The Franklin stove, however, was designed for heating, not for cooking. Wood or other fuel is put into the stove, lit, and then air flow is regulated to control the burn. thumb|right|Porcelain milk watcher - notice that there is one notch on each side, and how the interior slants toward the notch thumb|right|Glass milk watcher thumb|right|Stainless steel milk watcher A milk watcher, milk saver, pot watcher, pot minder, milk guard, or boil over preventer is a cooking utensil placed at the bottom of a pot to prevent the foaming boil-over of liquids by collecting small bubbles of steam into one large bubble. ==Description== A milk watcher is a disk with a raised rim notched on one side. Water typically cannot be boiled with isopropyl rubbing alcohol, but if the more rarely found (still inexpensive) laboratory grade or "gas drier" is used, and the sooting is dealt with by applying a little soap solution to the pot, the fuel value of the alcohol will reduce boiling times, not increase them. ==Variations== ; Standard : The classic ultra-lightweight backpacking stove. Some stoves use a catalytic converter, which causes combustion of the gas and smoke particles not previously burned. thumb|A beverage-can stove; the pot stand is omitted for clarity A beverage- can stove, or pop-can stove, is a do it yourself, ultralight, alcohol-burning portable stove. A stove with a deep well is wind and blow-out resistant — blowing into it can send burning alcohol flying. A stove or range is a device that burns fuel or uses electricity to generate heat inside or on top of the apparatus, to be used for general warming or cooking.

If you watch a pot of water on the stove, it will boil

All of the above

None of the above

A watched pot never boils

If you watch a pot of water on the stove, it will never boil

A

What happens if you put on one ring?

Like the Nine Rings, the One Ring physically corrupted mortals who wore it, eventually transforming them into wraiths. A magic ring, therefore, might confer immortality by preventing the soul's departure and thwart the penetration of any harmful magic that might be directed against the wearer. A mortal wearing the Ring became effectively invisible except to those able to perceive the non-physical world, with only a thin, shaky shadow discernible in the brightest sunlight. The theme of addiction to power in The Lord of the Rings is central, as the Ring, made by the Dark Lord Sauron to enable him to take over the whole of Middle-earth, progressively corrupts the mind of its owner to use the Ring for evil. Only the One Ring makes any appearance in The Hobbit, and then it is only known as a magic ring which makes the wearer invisible; its much larger and darker significance is not revealed until The Lord of the Rings. In contrast, Tolkien's Ring actively exerts an evil force that destroys the morality of the wearer. Tolkien uses the Ring to illuminate the moral choices made by each character. The ring grants invisibility power to Veer and with that power, he start fighting aliens, who want to take ring back from him, and he also used it to protect the people of his city from the alien attacks, and to search for his father, who has become an Alien / Asur. Katz writes that "it is clear that Tolkien is demonstrating to us the progressive forces of corruption of the possession and use of the One Ring"; usage may begin innocently or accidentally, but "its seductive power" gradually wears down any resistance. J.G. Frazer, in his study of magic and superstition in The Golden Bough, has speculated to the effect that rings can serve, in the "primitive mind", as devices to prevent the soul from leaving the body and to prevent demons from gaining entry. The Ring also conferred power to dominate the wills of other beings whether they were wearing Rings or not—but only in proportion to the user's native capacity. thumb|right|Eternity ring An eternity ring, also known as an infinity ring, is a woman's ring comprising a band of precious metal (usually gold) set with a continuous line of identically cut gemstones (usually diamonds)Primestyle. Some magic rings can endow the wearer with a variety of abilities including invisibility and immortality. To master the Ring's capabilities, a Ring bearer would need a well-trained mind, a strong will, and great native power. Other parallels have been drawn with the Ring of Gyges in Plato's Republic, which conferred invisibility, though there is no suggestion that Tolkien borrowed from the story. ==Fictional description== === Purpose === The One Ring was forged by the Dark Lord Sauron during the Second Age to gain dominion over the free peoples of Middle-earth. The One Ring, also called the Ruling Ring and Isildur's Bane, is a central plot element in J. R. R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings (1954–55). This is sometimes referred to as a "half-eternity" ring rather than a "full" eternity ring. Frederick A. de Armas's comparison of Plato's and Tolkien's rings Story element Plato's Republic Tolkien's Middle-earth Ring's power Invisibility Invisibility, and corruption of the wearer Discovery Gyges finds ring in a deep chasm Bilbo finds ring in a deep cave First use Gyges ravishes the Queen, kills the King, becomes King of Lydia Bilbo puts ring on "by accident", is surprised Gollum does not see him Moral result Total failure Bilbo emerges strengthened The Tolkien scholar Eric Katz, without suggesting that Tolkien was aware of the Ring of Gyges, writes that "Plato argues that such [moral] corruption will occur, but Tolkien shows us this corruption through the thoughts and actions of his characters". (Unlike many magic rings, this one is activated when the owner takes it off.) And for the owner of the Ring, the destructive aspect is the urge to use it, no matter how good the intentions of the owner might be at the start. Within the land of Mordor where it was forged, the Ring's power increased so significantly that even without wearing it the bearer could draw upon it, and could acquire an aura of terrible power. * In the TV show So Weird, a magical ring is worn by the main character and seems to be connected to the way she comes across strange and paranormal activity where ever she goes.

You will join the forces of evil

You will hear voices

You will be wearing a ring

You will turn invisible

You will be corrupted

C

What do white rabbits carry?

The White Rabbit is obsessed with the works of Lewis Carroll, and her equipment reflects her obsession, with her weaponry including an umbrella that shoots razor-sharp or explosive carrots, a large, rideable, heavily armed robot rabbit, genetically- engineered killer bunnies and jet-boots. White Rabbits is an American six-piece indie rock band based in Brooklyn, New York, originally from Columbia, Missouri. *"Ever since I was 4 years old, I have said 'White Rabbits' at the very moment of waking on every single first day of every single month that has passed." The Florida White was developed to provide a smaller rabbit for laboratory use and provide a small meat rabbit with good production and a favorable dress-out ratio for the personal consumption home breeder of today. The Florida White is a relatively small breed rabbit originally produced for the laboratory or smaller meat rabbit. White Rabbit candy is part of the childhood memories of many mainlanders and Hong Kongers, and has been featured in many classic Chinese movies and TV series. == Ingredients and varieties == White Rabbit candies are a milk-based white candy with a soft, chewy texture, sold as small, rectangular candies approximately similar to taffy. The number one consideration in showing the Florida White is the body or type which carries 65 points, though the condition of the rabbit which would include firm flesh and fur, carries 35 points. Marvel Comics. ==Abilities and equipment== The White Rabbit has no superhuman abilities but is well-educated (at least a Bachelor of Arts degree in Literature or its equivalent) and knows some martial arts. In a prelude to the Hunted storyline, White Rabbit is among the animal-themed characters captured by Taskmaster and Black Ant for Kraven the Hunter's upcoming Great Hunt.The Amazing Spider-Man vol. 5 #16. * "When I was a very little boy I was advised to always murmur 'White rabbits' on the first of every month if I wanted to be lucky. Collected by Ernest W. Baughman in New Mexico before 1964. * "...it must be 'White Rabbit' ... but you must also say 'Brown Rabbit' at night and walk downstairs backwards." The White Rabbit, witnessing her men getting defeated, fled using her jet-boots, but they began to malfunction, allowing Frog-Man to knock her into a building.Marvel Team-Up #131. The original White Rabbits lineup consisted of five members, but after relocating to New York City the next year, the band expanded to six members. Rabbits have not always been thought of as lucky, however. Florida Whites are generally docile, good- natured, gentle and relaxed rabbits. Simon Winchester, 2006. * "...the more common version 'rabbit, rabbit, white rabbit' should be said upon waking on the first day of each new month to bring good luck." Although the White Rabbit brand already had some history, its popularity worldwide has grown with the economy of China. White Rabbit plans a series of Lewis Carroll-inspired robberies alongside Venom, while he pretends to be Spider-Man's new unwanted sidekick. The White Rabbit brand was transferred to Guan Sheng Yuan (Group) Co., Ltd. in November 1997. The White Rabbit escaped, but struck later at a book fair, where she found the two superheroes once again. * The Psychic Well Superstitions About Rabbits Category:Luck Category:Superstitions of Great Britain Category:Superstitions of the United States Category:Leporidae Is the Order a Rabbit? is a 2014 anime television series produced by White Fox based on the manga of the same name written by Koi and serialized in Houbunsha's Manga Time Kirara Max magazine.

White rabbits do not carry anything

White rabbits carry pocket watches

All of the above

White rabbits carry watches

White rabbits carry timekeeping devices

A

What happens if you tie balloons to your house?

Included in their list of "Smart Balloon Practices" is the message that balloons are "Worth the Weight," meaning that all balloons should be tied to a weight and not released outdoors. A balloon release is a ceremonial event in which a number of hydrogen- or helium-filled balloons are launched into the sky. Balloon releases can be done as a prayer ceremony, to create a photo opportunity, to raise awareness of a cause or campaign, or as a competitive long-distance race. A sky anchor is a system of two balloons in tandem, with a "zero-pressure" lifting gas balloon tethered to a superpressure balloon "anchor". These guidelines include the limit to the number of balloons that should be released, releasing only balloons made from appropriate material, and that no materials such as ribbons or strings are included or attached to the end of any balloons that are released. == Opposition == ===Environmental=== A number of organisations (for example, in the United Kingdom, these include the Marine Conservation Society, the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, the Tidy Britain Group, the National Farmers' Union and the RSPBRSPB Marine and coastal policy) oppose balloon releases, because of the visual impact of the fallen, deflated balloons, and the risk of harm to wildlife and domestic animals which they pose. Instead, success in the contest is dependent on the wind conditions and on the location in which the balloon lands. A balloon race, or balloon flight contest, is a competition wherein the competitors attempt to send balloons as far as possible. Unlike sky lanterns, which float down after a short time, helium or hydrogen balloons quickly rise to heights in which they can no longer be seen. By suspending a light source within the envelope, the balloon can be illuminated at night, drawing attention to its message. ===Earth sciences=== The United States Geological Survey uses tethered balloons to carry equipment to places where conventional aircraft cannot go, such as above an erupting volcano. Balloon hoax may refer to: *The Balloon-Hoax (1844) *Balloon boy hoax (2009) It is not uncommon to use specially designed balloons. It is also possible for a balloon, under the right circumstances, to reach equilibrium, and remain suspended in the air for some time, until the helium slowly diffuses out of the balloon. One-and-a-half million balloons were released, but an approaching weather front caused them to return to earth, covering the city in balloons, causing cars to crash, and hindering a coast guard rescue mission. There is considerable opposition to, and legislation against, balloon releases, due to environmental, flight safety, and wildlife conservation issues. == Motivations == Akin to a sky lantern ceremony of Chinese tradition, a group balloon release can serve as a quiet, prayerful group activity at a funeral or solemn occasion. A prize may be awarded to the person whose balloon travels the furthest. ==Trajectory== Helium balloons are claimed to reach a height of anywhere up to ten kilometres. Balloon () is a German thriller drama film directed by Michael Herbig that was released in German cinemas on 27 September 2018. A balloon is a form of aerostat, along with the powered free-flying airship, although the American GAO has used the term "aerostat" to describe a tethered balloon in contrast to the powered airship. A gas balloon is a balloon that rises and floats in the air because it is filled with a gas lighter than air (such as helium or hydrogen). In the UK this would be the Civil Aviation Authority, for releases over a certain number of balloons. ===Overhead power lines=== On 9 February 2018 rush-hour trains near Billericay, Essex were disrupted for more than two hours because 50 yellow and black balloons were tangled on overhead lines. ===Helium scarcity=== Helium is a natural atmospheric gas, but as a land-resource, it is limited. The Guinness Book of Records no longer accepts balloon release records. ==Industry code of conduct== ===The Balloon Council=== The Balloon Council, an organization of balloon retailers, balloon distributors, and balloon manufacturers, has publicly come out against the practice of releasing balloons. Typically, they use non-flammable helium gas to provide lift. ==Modern use== ===Advertising=== Tethered balloons are often used for advertising, either by lifting advertisement signs, or by using a balloon with advertisements written on, or attached to it. The campaign to end the release of balloons includes the hashtag #BeBalloonSmart and a cartoon character named Faraday, named after Michael Faraday, the inventor of the rubber balloon. ===United Kingdom=== In the United Kingdom, the National Association of Balloon Artists and Suppliers (NABAS) provide guidelines for appropriate balloon releases in order to minimize potential environmental impacts.

If you tie balloons to your house, it will be lifted off the ground

If you tie balloons to your house, you can travel to other countries

If you tie balloons to your house, it will fly away

If you tie balloons to your house, it will float into the sky

Nothing happens if you tie balloons to your house

E

What special powers do all people named 'Storm' have?

List of storms named Wendy * Typhoon Wendy (1957) * Typhoon Wendy (1960) * Typhoon Wendy (1963) * Tropical Storm Wendy (1965) * Typhoon Wendy (1968) * Cyclone Wendy (1971) * Typhoon Wendy (1971) * Tropical Cyclone Wendy (1972) * Typhoon Wendy (1978) * Tropical Storm Wendy (1999) Storm naming may refer to: * Tropical cyclone naming * Extratropical cyclone#Terminology * Winter storm naming in the United Kingdom and Ireland * Winter storm naming in the United States Tropical cyclones are named to avoid confusion with the public and streamline communications, as more than one tropical cyclone can exist at a time. Names are drawn in order from predetermined lists, and are usually assigned to tropical cyclones with one-, three- or ten-minute windspeeds of more than . The name Edna has been used to name seven tropical cyclones worldwide. The name Andrea has been used for two tropical cyclones and two subtropical cyclones worldwide. The name Sarah was used for seventeen tropical cyclones worldwide: fourteen in the Western Pacific Ocean (thirteen by the JTWC and one by the PAGASA) and three in the South Pacific Ocean. In the Western Pacific: *Typhoon Sarah (1951) *Typhoon Sarah (1956) *Typhoon Sarah (1959) – Category 5-equivalent typhoon which devastated South Korea, killing at least 2,000 people; also known as the Miyakojima Typhoon *Typhoon Sarah (1962) *Tropical Storm Sarah (1965) (T6503, 03W) *Typhoon Sarah (1967) (T6727, 30W) *Tropical Storm Sarah (1971) (T7101, 01W) *Tropical Storm Sarah (1973) (T7319, 21W) *Typhoon Sarah (1977) (T7703, 05W, Elang) *Typhoon Sarah (1979) (T7919, 22W, Sisang/Uring) *Tropical Storm Sarah (1983) (T8301, 01W) *Severe Tropical Storm Sarah (1986) (T8610, 09W, Iliang) *Typhoon Sarah (1989) (T8919, 22W, Openg) *Tropical Storm Fung-wong (2019) (T1927, 28W, Sarah) In the South Pacific: *Cyclone Sarah (1983) *Cyclone Sarah (1994) *Cyclone Sarah (2010) ==See also== *Cyclone Sarai (2019), a similarly-named tropical cyclone in the South Pacific. However, standards vary from basin to basin. == See also == *Tropical cyclone *List of historical tropical cyclone names *Lists of tropical cyclone names *European windstorm names *Atlantic hurricane season *Pacific hurricane season *South Atlantic tropical cyclone == References == * Named Atlantic Ocean: * Hurricane Edna (1953) * Hurricane Edna (1954) * Tropical Storm Edna (1968) Western Pacific Ocean: * Tropical Storm Edna (1945) South- West Indian Ocean: * Cyclone Edna (1964) Australian Region: * Cyclone Edna (1980) * Cyclone Edna (2014) Edna Edna Edna Edna *Subtropical Storm Andrea (2019) – Weak and short-lived subtropical storm which meandered over the western Atlantic. Category:Pacific typhoon set index articles Category:Pacific hurricane set index articles Category:South Pacific cyclone set index articles In the Indian Ocean: *Cyclone Andrea (1970) – Remained out at sea Category:Atlantic hurricane set index articles Category:South-West Indian Ocean cyclone set index articles In the Atlantic Ocean: *Subtropical Storm Andrea (2007) – Formed near Florida, curved to the north, bringing rain to portions of the Southeast United States. *Tropical Storm Andrea (2013) – Made landfall in Florida, killing three, and causing minor damage. However, standards vary from basin to basin. == See also == *Tropical cyclone *List of historical tropical cyclone names *Lists of tropical cyclone names *European windstorm names *Atlantic hurricane season *Pacific hurricane season *South Atlantic tropical cyclone == References == * Named However, standards vary from basin to basin. == See also == *Tropical cyclone *List of historical tropical cyclone names *Lists of tropical cyclone names *European windstorm names *Atlantic hurricane season *Pacific hurricane season *South Atlantic tropical cyclone == References == * Named However, standards vary from basin to basin. == See also == *Tropical cyclone *List of historical tropical cyclone names *Lists of tropical cyclone names *European windstorm names *Atlantic hurricane season *Pacific hurricane season *South Atlantic tropical cyclone == References == * Named However, standards vary from basin to basin. == See also == *Tropical cyclone *List of historical tropical cyclone names *Lists of tropical cyclone names *European windstorm names *Atlantic hurricane season *Pacific hurricane season *South Atlantic tropical cyclone == References == * Named However, standards vary from basin to basin. == See also == *Tropical cyclone *List of historical tropical cyclone names *Lists of tropical cyclone names *European windstorm names *Atlantic hurricane season *Pacific hurricane season *South Atlantic tropical cyclone == References == * Named However, standards vary from basin to basin. == See also == *Tropical cyclone *List of historical tropical cyclone names *Lists of tropical cyclone names *European windstorm names *Atlantic hurricane season *Pacific hurricane season *South Atlantic tropical cyclone == References == * Named However, standards vary from basin to basin. == See also == *Tropical cyclone *List of historical tropical cyclone names *Lists of tropical cyclone names *European windstorm names *Atlantic hurricane season *Pacific hurricane season *South Atlantic tropical cyclone == References == * Named

All people named 'Storm' can generate lightning and thunderstorms

All people named 'Storm' can control the weather

All people named 'Storm' can control the Earth's atmosphere

People named 'Storm' do not have special powers

All people named 'Storm' can control the temperature

D

In the U.S., what happens if a cop lies?

If the liar is indeed lying, then the liar is telling the truth, which means the liar just lied. Why Police Lie Under Oath. Police lying under oath, particularly in drug crimes, is allegedly commonplace in certain areas; some federal grant programs such as Edward Byrne Memorial Justice Assistance Grant Program are tied to numbers, and police officers may also feel pressured to prove their productivity.Alexander M. (2013). In criminal law, lying in wait refers to the act of hiding and waiting for an individual with the intent to kill or inflict serious bodily harm to that person. Police misconduct is inappropriate conduct and illegal actions taken by police officers in connection with their official duties. In English law, applicable to England and Wales, a criminal charge is allowed to lie on file when the presiding judge agrees that there is enough evidence for a case to be made, but that it is not in the public interest for prosecution to proceed, usually because the defendant has admitted other, often more serious, charges. The cases will be presented on the web pages of SUPA, in a way that preserves the anonymity of officers and other parties involved where deemed necessary. ===United States=== The U.S. government does not regularly collect data on police misconduct. According to a 2012 official report, 18 police officers have lost their jobs as result of misconduct since 2005. Now, the liar paradox can be expressed as the statement A, that A is false: This is an equation from which the truth value of A = "this statement is false" could hopefully be obtained. Let Sleeping Cops Lie also known as Don't Wake a Sleeping Cop (French: Ne réveillez pas un flic qui dort) is a French crime film released in 1988, directed by José Pinheiro, starring Alain Delon and Michel Serrault. Perjury put along with this is lying under oath and giving false charges. In other circumstances, police will illegally seize, destroy or delete evidence recorded by civilians, in spite of laws that make it a crime to destroy evidence of a crime being committed. ==Contributors and prediction== Police misconduct is sometimes associated with conscious or unconscious discrimination. Types of misconduct include among others: coerced false confession, intimidation, false arrest, false imprisonment, falsification of evidence, spoliation of evidence, police perjury, witness tampering, police brutality, police corruption, racial profiling, unwarranted surveillance, unwarranted searches, and unwarranted seizure of property. ==Types of police misconduct== Types of police misconduct include: * Bribing or lobbying legislators to pass or maintain laws that give police excessive power or status * Similarly, bribing or lobbying city council members to pass or maintain municipal laws that make victimless acts ticket- able (e.g. bicycling on the sidewalk), so as to get more money * Selective enforcement ("throwing the book at" people who one dislikes; this is often related to racial discrimination) * Sexual misconduct * Off-duty misconductMartinelli TJ. (2007). A 2019 study in the journal Nature found that misconduct by one police officer substantially increased the likelihood that peer officers would also engage in misconduct. In addition to the blue code of silence, police misconduct also can lead to a miscarriage of justice and sometimes the obstruction of justice. In philosophy and logic, the classical liar paradox or liar's paradox or antinomy of the liar is the statement of a liar that they are lying: for instance, declaring that "I am lying". Minimizing Risk by Defining Off-Duty Police Misconduct . Oxford: Oxford University Press. ==External links== *Police brutality archive worldwide evidence *CBC - The Secret Policeman - with link to article by Mark Daly *Police Misconduct News - Daily News on Police Misconduct in United Kingdom *Fatal Encounters - Database of killings by police in the United States Category:Misconduct Category:Police corruption Misconduct has been shown to be related to personality and correlated to education, but it can also be significantly affected by the culture of the police agency. In 2018, an inquiry was launched by the state’s police watchdog, who found that in several cases, officers had acted unlawfully.Law Enforcement Conduct Commission. This list contains incidents of misconduct that have resulted in a conviction, confession, plea bargain or some sort of administrative disciplinary action taken against a member of the Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department. One of the paradoxes the player can make him say is the liar paradox.

It is illegal for a cop to lie

It depends on the circumstances of the lie

A cop who lies will be fired

A cop who lies will be prosecuted

A cop who lies will be put in jail

B

Can water be turned into wine?

The first miracle of Jesus' public ministry was transforming water into fine wine at a wedding in Cana. New Wine into Old Bottles) is a parable of Jesus. The wine/water paradox is an apparent paradox in probability theory. thumb|right|A monk samples wine The world's religions have had differing relationships with alcohol. Wine is viewed as a substance of import and it is incorporated in religious ceremonies, and the general consumption of alcoholic beverages is permitted, however inebriation (drunkenness) is discouraged. "Was New Testament Wine Alcoholic?". The fact is pointed out that even in earlier stages of the English language, such as in 1611 when the King James Version was translated, "wine" could refer to non-alcoholic beverages as well as alcoholic ones.For example, footnote #7 in the chapter And be not drunk with wine, wherein is excess; but be filled with the Spirit in The Doctrine of Sanctification, Thomas Ross, Ph. D. dissertation, Great Plains Baptist Divinity School, 2014 , notes: "Bailey’s New Universal English Dictionary of Words, and of Arts and Sciences (1730) stated: "Natural wine, is such as it comes from the grape, without any mixture or sophistication." The Use of "Wine" In the Old Testament. In the Catholic Church, the Eucharistic wine becomes the Blood of Jesus Christ through transubstantiation. Ancient source Dilution Ratio Water:Wine Homer 20:1 Pliny 8:1 Aristophanes 2:1 or 3:1 Hesiod 3:1 Alexis 4:1 Diocles 2:1 Ion 3:1 Nichochares 5:2 Anacreon 2:1 ==Biblical references== The many biblical references to wine are both positive and negative, real and symbolic, descriptive and didactic.Maynard (1997b), pp. 374–376. It is possible that the same result was obtained by boiling mashed pulp; in either case, however, the wine of Hebrew carousers was relatively mild alcoholically; and to fully earn the condemnations of Hebrew prophets and moralists, revellers must drink hard and long." This compound approach to wine can be viewed in the verse in Psalms 104:15, "Wine gladdens human hearts," countered by the verses in Proverbs 20:1, "Wine is a mocker, strong drink is riotous; and whoever stumbles in it is not wise," and Proverbs 23:20, "Be not among drunkards or among gluttonous eaters of meat." Nor can 'new wine' ... mean unfermented juice, because the process of chemical change begins almost immediately after pressing." LIQUOR, anything that is liquid: Drink, Juice, Water, &c.;" Wine was not defined as fermented drink, but simply "the juice of grapes." Wine is the most common alcoholic beverage mentioned in biblical literature, where it is a source of symbolism, and was an important part of daily life in biblical times.B. S. Easton (1915b).Broshi (1984), p. 33.Broshi (1986), p. 46: "In the biblical description of the agricultural products of the Land, the triad 'cereal, wine, and oil' recurs repeatedly ( and elsewhere). While John the Baptist adopted such a regimen, Jesus did not during his three years of ministry.Raymond p. 81: "Not only did Jesus Christ Himself use and sanction the use of wine but also ... The Old Testament employs a number of words for different kinds of wine. === The Bible === The biblical narrative records the positive and negative aspects of wine. Wine was essentially a man's drink in antiquity, when it became a significant dietary component. Wine was also used as a symbol of blessing and judgement throughout the Bible. Thus, wine had the meaning of unfermented, as well as fermented grape juice. Passages such as Hosea 4:11 make clear that these wines were alcoholic and intoxicating; there is no basis for suggesting that either the Greek or the Hebrew terms for wine refer to unfermented grape juice."Pierard, p. 28: "No evidence whatsoever exists to support the notion that the wine mentioned in the Bible was unfermented grape juice.

Yes, miracles allow water to be turned into wine

Yes, Jesus turned water into wine

Yes, water can be turned into wine

No, water cannot be turned into wine

All of the above

D

How can people who trust in God cross the Red Sea?

Cross-sea traffic ways are vehicle or railroad traffic ways across the sea. The public trust applies to both waters influenced by the tides and waters that are navigable in fact. Sea of Faith possesses no religious writings or ceremonies of its own; many members remain active in their own religion (mainly but not exclusively Christian) while others have no religious affiliation at all. ==Philosophy== A number of commentators have identified Sea of Faith as closely associated with the non- realist approach to religion. It depicts the crossing of the Red Sea by the Israelites, from chapter 14 of the book of Exodus. The Crossing of the Red Sea may refer to: *Crossing the Red Sea, a biblical event *Crossing of the Red Sea (Bronzino), a 1542 painting *The Crossing of the Red Sea (Poussin), a c. 1633–1634 painting *The Crossing of the Red Sea (Sistine Chapel), a c. 1481–1482 fresco attributed to Cosimo Rosselli The Sea of Faith Network is an organisation with the stated aim to explore and promote religious faith as a human creation. ==History== The Sea of Faith movement started in 1984 as a response to Don Cupitt's book and television series, both titled Sea of Faith. The public trust doctrine is the principle that the sovereign holds in trust for public use some resources such as shoreline between the high and low tide lines, regardless of private property ownership. ==Origins== ===Justinian=== The ancient laws of the Byzantine Emperor Justinian held that the sea, the shores of the sea, the air and running water were common to everyone. The name Sea of Faith is taken from Matthew Arnold's nostalgic mid-19th century poem "Dover Beach," in which the poet expresses regret that belief in a supernatural world is slowly slipping away; the "sea of faith" is withdrawing like the ebbing tide. The Red Sea–Dead Sea Access is a series of highway construction projects intended to bring easy transportation and prosperity to Jordan, Israel, Palestine and the surrounding area. == Construction == === The Agreement === thumb|right|Ahmad Shobaki, Minister of Public Works of Jordan, meets RSEA officials An agreement was signed in Amman on October 24, 1974, between the Retired Servicemen Engineering Agency (RSEA) of Taiwan and the Jordanian government, under which a new "road to friendship" will be built in the southern part of the Hashemite Kingdom. Totaling in length, it connects Safi, the south end of Dead Sea to Aqaba, the north point of Red Sea. At once destroying the tenets of Christianity and then claiming to be a "non-realist" Christian seemed to Campbell to be the same as being an atheist. ==See also== * Lloyd Geering ==References== ==Bibliography== *The Sea of Faith, Don Cupitt, BBC Books, 1984, Cambridge University Press 1988 edition: *God in Our Hands, Graham Shaw, SCM, 1987 *God in Us, Antony Freeman, SCM, 1993 *Faith in Doubt: Non-realism and Christian Belief, David Hart, Mowbrays, 1993 *A Reasonable Faith: Introducing Sea of Faith Network, David Boulton, Sea of Faith, 1996 *Agenda for Faith, Stephen Mitchell, Sea of Faith, 1997 *Emptiness & Brightness, Don Cupitt, Polebridge Press, 2001 *God in the Bath: relaxing in the everywhere presence of God, Stephen Mitchell, O Books, 2006, *Odyssey on the Sea of Faith: The Life and Writings of Don Cupitt, Nigel Leaves, Polebridge Press, 2004, *Surfing on the Sea of Faith: The Ethics and Religion of Don Cupitt, Nigel Leaves, Polebridge Press, 2005, ==External links== *Sea of Faith (United Kingdom) *Sea of Faith (New Zealand) *Sea of Faith (Australia) *Sofia, the bi-monthly magazine of SoF U.K. The court held that common law public trust doctrine prevented the government from alienating the public right to the lands under navigable waters (except in the case of very small portions of land which would have no effect on free access or navigation). thumb|Sea of Faith logo. While Cupitt was the founding influence of Sea of Faith and is much respected for his work for the network, it would not be true to say that he is regarded as a guru or leader of Sea of Faith. Upon closer inspection some art historians have come to believe that the sketches argued to be the beginnings of The Crossing of the Red Sea, are instead related to an unknown work believed to have been made in 1647–1648. The Crossing of the Red Sea is a painting by Nicolas Poussin, produced between 1633 and 1634. Though over time and in spite of this acceptance, a vocal minority has argued that The Crossing of the Red Sea should be dated as an early work due to the stylistic issues present which were notably absent from Poussins works after The Adoration of The Golden Calf. The Crossing of the Red Sea was acquired by Kenneth Clark for the National Gallery of Victoria in 1948Poussin PaintingsNGV catalogue entry using money from the Felton Bequest, a fund originally left to the gallery in 1904 by the industrialist Alfred Felton. Its stated aim is to "explore and promote religious faith as a human creation," In this it spans a broad spectrum of faith positions from uncompromising non-realism at one end to critical realism at the other. Members are free to dissent from his views and Cupitt himself has argued strongly that Sea of Faith should never be a fan club. Maine's Supreme Court in 2011 expanded the public trust doctrine by concluding fishing, fowling and navigation are not an exclusive list; the court allowed the general public to cross private shoreline for scuba diving. The highway can range from a dirt road to a pavement and is intended to facilitate access by the Dead Sea.

People can cross the Red Sea by boat or by plane

All of the above

None of the above

People who trust in God can walk across the water

People who trust in God can part the Red Sea

A

Just by touching them, you can cure someone of what disease?

Leprosy Research and the Public Health Service: A Brief Chronological Résumé. What was classified as leprosy then covers a wide range of skin conditions that would be classified as distinct afflictions today. *In 1981, The World Health Organization recommended using a multi-drug treatment regimen to treat leprosy. Historically, leprosy was believed to be extremely contagious and divinely ordained, leading to enormous stigma against its sufferers. As leprosy became curable, the focus of study shifted towards investigating the social aspects of the disease. “It was found that leprosy causes a great impact on the everyday lives of these people through the stigma and prejudice related to lack of knowledge about the transmission, control and cure of the disease and the ancient history it carries.” == Leprosy today == Leprosy has existed in the world since ancient times and continues to exist in the world today, despite being largely curable and treatable. At the other extreme, lepromatous leprosy is characterized by depressed cell-mediated immunity, numerous bacilli within the tissues, no granulomas, and a negative skin test for lepromin. Leprosy: Factors in Public Health Management. The lepromin skin test is used to determine what type of leprosy a person is infected with. Even by the 1960s, when leprosy was highly treatable and curable, it still resulted in repulsion, and the exclusion of sufferers, by the general populace. Established agents used in the treatment of leprosy are dapsone, clofazimine, and rifampicin. A leprostatic agent is a drug that interferes with proliferation of the bacterium that causes leprosy.Definition: leprostatic from Online Medical Dictionary The following agents are leprostatic agents: * acedapsone * clofazimine * dapsone * desoxyfructo-serotonin * diucifon * ethionamide * rifampicin * rifapentine * sulfameter * thalidomide Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. The stigmas associated with the disease have impacted on those suffering from leprosy in a highly negative way that up until recently was socially accepted. Retrieved December 27, 2011, from http://www.stanford.edu/group/parasites/ParaSites2005/Leprosy/history.htm *History of the Disease. (2011, February 8). *By the 1890s, most accepted that leprosy existed in Louisiana, that no one knew how the disease was transmitted, and that there was no cure. There has, historically, been fear around leprosy and people with the disease have suffered stigma, isolation and social exclusion. However, given the severe nature of lepromatous leprosy, a skin test is unnecessary, and the definitive test, a biopsy, readily reveals the bacterium within lesions as well as the characteristic histopathology of HD. Some leper colonies issued their own money or tokens, in the belief that allowing people affected by leprosy to handle regular money could spread the disease... Following G.A. Hansen's discovery of the role of M. leprae in the disease, the First International Leprosy Conference held in Berlin in 1897 renewed interest and investment in the isolation of lepers throughout the European colonial empires. Although Western countries now generally treat cases of leprosy individually on an outpatient basis, traditional isolated colonies continue to exist in India, China, and some other countries. ==Names== In medieval Latin, a place for the isolation and care of lepers was known as a leprosaria, leprosarium, or leprosorium, names which are sometimes used in English as well.. Other severe skin diseases were frequently conflated with leprosy and all such sufferers were kept away from the general public, although some religious orders provided medical care and treatment. thumb|Man with leprosy Although leprosy, or Hansen's Disease, was never an epidemic in The United States, cases of leprosy have been reported in Louisiana as early as the 18th century.

You can cure a leper by touching them

It's unlikely a disesase can be cured by touching someone

Just by touching them, you can cure someone of leprosy

None of the above

Leprosy

B

Can you cure a leper by touching them?

Over the years, Lepra has conducted pioneering research in the treatment of leprosy and has been at the forefront of developing a cure and trialling a multitude of drug treatments. As a result of research, in 1975 LEPRA became one of the first associations to use multidrug therapy for treating leprosy, to increase effectiveness and minimise drug resistance. When a doctor, health worker or health volunteer suspects someone has leprosy, Lepra will test skin sensations to determine whether the person can feel their skin being touched with cotton wool, feather or a ballpoint. As leprosy became curable, the focus of study shifted towards investigating the social aspects of the disease. Even by the 1960s, when leprosy was highly treatable and curable, it still resulted in repulsion, and the exclusion of sufferers, by the general populace. Another way to determine leprosy infection is by taking a skin smear from a nodule on the skin. Lepra also provides support to people who face leprosy and other diseases in the form of counselling services at the Munger Referral Centre. Within these two extremes are the patients with an intermediate or borderline form of leprosy who show a variable lepromin reaction and few bacilli; they may progress to either tuberculoid or lepromatous leprosy. ==Kinds of antileprotic drugs== * Sulfone - Dapsone (DDS), * Phenazine derivative - Clofazimine, * Antitubercular drugs - Rifampicin, Ethionamide, * Solapsone, * Other antibiotics - Oflaxacin, Minocycline, Clarithromycin, Current recommendations for the treatment of leprosy suggest multidrug regimens rather than monotherapy because such a regimen has proven to be more effective, delays the emergence of resistance, prevents relapse, and shortens the duration of therapy. Established agents used in the treatment of leprosy are dapsone, clofazimine, and rifampicin. At the other extreme, lepromatous leprosy is characterized by depressed cell-mediated immunity, numerous bacilli within the tissues, no granulomas, and a negative skin test for lepromin. A leper colony, also known by many other names, is an isolated community for the quarantining and treatment of lepers, people suffering from leprosy. Although Western countries now generally treat cases of leprosy individually on an outpatient basis, traditional isolated colonies continue to exist in India, China, and some other countries. ==Names== In medieval Latin, a place for the isolation and care of lepers was known as a leprosaria, leprosarium, or leprosorium, names which are sometimes used in English as well.. The open- access academic journal includes original papers on all aspects of leprosy, from research into medical, physical and social aspects of leprosy to information relevant to leprosy control. A leprostatic agent is a drug that interferes with proliferation of the bacterium that causes leprosy.Definition: leprostatic from Online Medical Dictionary The following agents are leprostatic agents: * acedapsone * clofazimine * dapsone * desoxyfructo-serotonin * diucifon * ethionamide * rifampicin * rifapentine * sulfameter * thalidomide Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. What was classified as leprosy then covers a wide range of skin conditions that would be classified as distinct afflictions today. There is even doubt that the current definition of leprosy can be retrospectively applied to the medieval condition. “It was found that leprosy causes a great impact on the everyday lives of these people through the stigma and prejudice related to lack of knowledge about the transmission, control and cure of the disease and the ancient history it carries.” == Leprosy today == Leprosy has existed in the world since ancient times and continues to exist in the world today, despite being largely curable and treatable. In legend, even kings were removed from power and left to wander in the forests while suffering from leprosy, although their position could be restored in the event of their recovery, whether through divine intervention or Ayurvedic herbal remedies such as chaulmoogra oil.. Leprosy is treated by multi drug therapy (MDT), a combination of Dapsone and Rifampicin for six months in the case of low infection ("paucibillary"). The lepromin skin test is used to determine what type of leprosy a person is infected with. In 2000 LEPRA introduced health education vans in India. === Services === ==== Diagnosing and treating leprosy ==== One of Lepra's core activities is the diagnosis and treatment of leprosy. Sir Leonard Rogers had been working on a treatment for leprosy based on chaulmoogra oil for several years and had recorded good results.

All of the above

Yes, you can cure a leper by touching them

Yes, you can cure a leper by touching them

No, leprosy is curable with a multidrug therapy

None of the above

D

What happens if you touch the eyes of a blind man?

Recovery from blindness is the phenomenon of a blind person gaining the ability to see, usually as a result of medical treatment. Also, a blind person may once have been fully sighted and yet simply lost part of their vision through injury or illness. The miracle of healing the man born blind is one of the miracles of Jesus in the Gospels, in which Jesus restored the sight of a man at Siloam. Sight restoration restores function to those who have visual impairments. In spite of the surgery on his right eye, his newly regained vision, after blindness of forty years, is not fully recovered. Change blindness can occur even without a delay between the original image and the altered image, but only if the change in the image forces the viewer to redefine the objects in the image. McGraw Hill, 2004. * * * ==External links== * "Giving Sight to the Blind" lecture by Brian Wandell at Stanford University * * Pawan Sinha on how the brain learns to see, TedTalks Category:Blindness "The Blind Man and the Lame" is a fable that recounts how two individuals collaborate in an effort to overcome their respective disabilities. The book gives different suggestions about how the blind can actually go about making art; there is an example of one woman who is not completely blind but severely impaired who, when sculpting something, finds it easier to close her eyes and feel the material and the shape rather than trying to see it with her imperfect vision, much like a completely blind person would. Change blindness is a perceptual phenomenon that occurs when a change in a visual stimulus is introduced and the observer does not notice it. Change blindness has become a highly researched topic and some have argued that it may have important practical implications in areas such as eyewitness testimony and distractions while driving. ==History== ===Early anecdotal observations=== Outside of the domain of psychology, phenomena related to change blindness have been discussed since the 19th century. These experiments have shown us that our ability to monitor tactile information is affected by more severe limitations than the same ability within the visual modality. ==Practical implications== The phenomenon of change blindness has practical implications in the following areas: ===Eyewitness testimony=== Research in change blindness has uncovered the possibility of inaccuracy in eyewitness testimony. Blind artists are people who are physically unable to see normally, yet work in the visual arts. Plato the Younger states the situation in two wittily contrasting lines: :::A blind man carried a lame man on his back, :::lending him his feet and borrowing from him his eyes. Experienced Needle Artists who have recently lost vision can continue to pursue their textile art/craft using a few adaptive blind techniques. ==Contributions to the study of visual impairments== The ways in which the visually impaired are able to create art are giving new insights into the study of sight loss. Research on change blindness proceeded one step further into practical applications of this phenomenon. However, recent research has also been done on countering tactile change blindness. Suppose then the cube and the sphere placed on a > table, and the blind man made to see: query, Whether by his sight, before he > touched them, he could now distinguish and tell which is the globe, which > the cube? In this a blind man in the street asks a cripple for help and suggests how they can aid each other. The book, Drawing and the Blind: Perceptions to Touch, by John Kennedy, focuses on the ways in which the blind, both young and old, can perceive pictures and 3D objects. *Somatosensory – Somatosensory change blindness for tactile stimuli has been observed, and reveals important information about the distinction from visual change blindness. Distraction of attention by visual disruptions and the observers' ability to focus on potential change were found to have an effect on attention with change blindness. ===Object presentation=== Object presentation is the way in which objects appear and is a factor that determines the occurrence of change blindness.

Nothing happens if you touch the eyes of a blind man

The man will no longer be blind

The man's sight will be restored

All of the above

The man will get his eyesight back

A

Which came earlier: Harvard University or Newton's Laws of Motion?

Newton's law may refer to: *Newton's laws of motion *Newton's law of universal gravitation *Newton's law of cooling *Newton's Law (TV series) The history of United States patent law started even before the U.S. Constitution was adopted, with some state-specific patent laws. The following is a timeline of classical mechanics: ==Early mechanics== * 4th century BC - Aristotle invents the system of Aristotelian physics, which is later largely disproved * 4th century BC - Babylonian astronomers calculate Jupiter's position using the mean speed theorem * 260 BC - Archimedes works out the principle of the lever and connects buoyancy to weight * 60 - Hero of Alexandria writes Metrica, Mechanics (on means to lift heavy objects), and Pneumatics (on machines working on pressure) * 350 - Themistius states, that static friction is larger than kinetic friction * 6th century - John Philoponus introduces the concept of impetus * 6th century - John Philoponus says that by observation, two balls of very different weights will fall at nearly the same speed. Space mathematics may refer to: * Orbital mechanics * Newton's laws of motion * Newton's law of universal gravitation * Space (mathematics) This idea is, according to Pines, "the oldest negation of Aristotle's fundamental dynamic law [namely, that a constant force produces a uniform motion]," and is thus an "anticipation in a vague fashion of the fundamental law of classical mechanics [namely, that a force applied continuously produces acceleration].") * 1340-1358 - Jean Buridan develops the theory of impetus * 14th century - Oxford Calculators and French collaborators prove the mean speed theorem * 14th century - Nicole Oresme derives the times-squared law for uniformly accelerated change.Clagett (1968, p. 561), Nicole Oresme and the Medieval Geometry of Qualities and Motions; a treatise on the uniformity and difformity of intensities known as Tractatus de configurationibus qualitatum et motuum. As formulated by Albert Einstein in 1905, the theory of special relativity was based on two main postulates: # The principle of relativity — The form of a physical law is the same in any inertial frame. Chicago law may refer to: *Chicago-Kent College of Law *Loyola University Chicago School of Law *Northwestern University School of Law *University of Chicago Law School He did not, for instance, recognise, as Galileo did, that a body would fall with a strictly uniform acceleration only in a vacuum, and that it would otherwise eventually reach a uniform terminal velocity * 1581 - Galileo Galilei notices the timekeeping property of the pendulum * 1589 - Galileo Galilei uses balls rolling on inclined planes to show that different weights fall with the same acceleration * 1638 - Galileo Galilei publishes Dialogues Concerning Two New Sciences (which were materials science and kinematics) where he develops, amongst other things, Galilean transformation * 1644 - René Descartes suggests an early form of the law of conservation of momentum * 1645 - Ismaël Bullialdus argues that "gravity" weakens as the inverse square of the distanceIsmail Bullialdus, Astronomia Philolaica … "A Brief History of the Patent Law of the United States". This custom of using private acts to grant patents is often said to have come from the early in England, particularly the English Statute of Monopolies of 1624. ====State- level general patent laws==== Near the end of the 18th century, states started to pass general patent laws replacing the case-specific acts. The Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit assured the uniformity of the patent case law in the counry.Lawrence M. Friedman, 2002, American Law in the 20th century, p. 427 In 2011, the Leahy–Smith America Invents Act (AIA) enacted the most significant change to the U.S. patent system since 1952. The US Patent Law today adopts both streams of thought; however, the concept of monopolies and patents, in the US, initiated with the British thought of advantages to society. ==United States patent law== ===Patent practice before federal patent laws=== ====Case-specific acts==== In America in the early colonial period, there were no general laws providing for the issuing of patents. "Avempace, Projectile Motion, and Impetus Theory", Journal of the History of Ideas 64 (4), p. 521-546 [543]: "Pines has also seen Avempace's idea of fatigue as a precursor to the Leibnizian idea of force which, according to him, underlies Newton's third law of motion and the concept of the "reaction" of forces.") * 1100-1165 - Hibat Allah Abu'l-Barakat al-Baghdaadi discovers that force is proportional to acceleration rather than speed, a fundamental law in classical mechanics: (cf. Abel B. Franco (October 2003). Arnold, Mathematical Methods of Classical Mechanics, Graduate Texts in Mathematics (Springer, New York, 1978), Vol. 60. * 1983 - Mordehai Milgrom proposes Modified Newtonian dynamics * 1992 - Udwadia and Kalaba create Udwadia–Kalaba equation ==References== Category:Physics timelines Category:Mathematics timelines In 1925, the Patent Office was transferred again from the Department of the Interior to the Department of Commerce, where it is today. ====Modern patent laws==== In 1952, the basic structure of the modern Patent Law was laid out with the Patent Act of 1952. * Friedman, Lawrence M. American Law in the 20th Century. The book is also the first modern treatise in which a physical problem (the accelerated motion of a falling body) is idealized by a set of parameters and then analyzed mathematically. * 1676-1689 - Gottfried Leibniz develops the concept of vis viva, a limited theory of conservation of energy * 1677 - Baruch Spinoza puts forward a primitive notion of Newton's first law ==Formation of classical mechanics== * 1687 - Isaac Newton publishes his Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica, in which he formulates Newton's laws of motion and Newton's law of universal gravitation * 1690 - James Bernoulli shows that the cycloid is the solution to the tautochrone problem * 1691 - Johann Bernoulli shows that a chain freely suspended from two points will form a catenary * 1691 - James Bernoulli shows that the catenary curve has the lowest center of gravity of any chain hung from two fixed points * 1696 - Johann Bernoulli shows that the cycloid is the solution to the brachistochrone problem * 1707 - Gottfried Leibniz probably develops the principle of least action * 1710 - Jakob Hermann shows that Laplace–Runge–Lenz vector is conserved for a case of the inverse-square central force * 1714 - Brook Taylor derives the fundamental frequency of a stretched vibrating string in terms of its tension and mass per unit length by solving an ordinary differential equation * 1733 - Daniel Bernoulli derives the fundamental frequency and harmonics of a hanging chain by solving an ordinary differential equation * 1734 - Daniel Bernoulli solves the ordinary differential equation for the vibrations of an elastic bar clamped at one end * 1739 - Leonhard Euler solves the ordinary differential equation for a forced harmonic oscillator and notices the resonance * 1742 - Colin Maclaurin discovers his uniformly rotating self-gravitating spheroids * 1743 - Jean le Rond d'Alembert publishes his Traite de Dynamique, in which he introduces the concept of generalized forces and D'Alembert's principle * 1747 - D'Alembert and Alexis Clairaut publish first approximate solutions to the three-body problem * 1749 - Leonhard Euler derives equation for Coriolis acceleration * 1759 - Leonhard Euler solves the partial differential equation for the vibration of a rectangular drum * 1764 - Leonhard Euler examines the partial differential equation for the vibration of a circular drum and finds one of the Bessel function solutions * 1776 - John Smeaton publishes a paper on experiments relating power, work, momentum and kinetic energy, and supporting the conservation of energy * 1788 - Joseph Louis Lagrange presents Lagrange's equations of motion in the Méchanique Analytique * 1789 - Antoine Lavoisier states the law of conservation of mass * 1803 - Louis Poinsot develops idea of angular momentum conservation (this result was previously known only in the case of conservation of areal velocity) * 1813 - Peter Ewart supports the idea of the conservation of energy in his paper "On the measure of moving force" * 1821 - William Hamilton begins his analysis of Hamilton's characteristic function and Hamilton–Jacobi equation * 1829 - Carl Friedrich Gauss introduces Gauss's principle of least constraint * 1834 - Carl Jacobi discovers his uniformly rotating self-gravitating ellipsoids * 1834 - Louis Poinsot notes an instance of the intermediate axis theoremPoinsot (1834) Theorie Nouvelle de la Rotation des Corps, Bachelier, Paris * 1835 - William Hamilton states Hamilton's canonical equations of motion * 1838 - Liouville begins work on Liouville's theorem * 1841 - Julius Robert von Mayer, an amateur scientist, writes a paper on the conservation of energy but his lack of academic training leads to its rejection * 1847 - Hermann von Helmholtz formally states the law of conservation of energy * first half of the 19th century - Cauchy develops his momentum equation and his stress tensor * 1851 - Léon Foucault shows the Earth's rotation with a huge pendulum (Foucault pendulum) * 1870 - Rudolf Clausius deduces virial theorem * 1902 - James Jeans finds the length scale required for gravitational perturbations to grow in a static nearly homogeneous medium * 1915 - Emmy Noether proves Noether's theorem, from which conservation laws are deduced * 1952 - Parker develops a tensor form of the virial theorem * 1978 - Vladimir Arnold states precise form of Liouville–Arnold theoremV. "Avempace, Projectile Motion, and Impetus Theory", Journal of the History of Ideas 64 (4), p. 521-546 [528]: Hibat Allah Abu'l-Barakat al-Bagdadi (c.1080- after 1164/65) extrapolated the theory for the case of falling bodies in an original way in his Kitab al-Mu'tabar (The Book of that Which is Established through Personal Reflection). Greenwood: Patents were furthered to also be "non-obvious" besides new and useful. *1861 – Patent Law was amended, with some important amendments including: **Three chief examiners were nominated to hear patent applications that had been rejected more than twice. A standardized national patent law was needed for more efficient patent grating process. ===United States federal patent laws=== ====Constitution==== The Constitution of the United States, first adopted on September 17, 1787, had a provision for protecting intellectual properties. Cambridge University Press. * 16th century - Francesco Beato and Luca Ghini experimentally contradict Aristotelian view on free fall. * 16th century - Domingo de Soto suggests that bodies falling through a homogeneous medium are uniformly accelerated.Sharratt, Michael (1994). In 1474, in Venice, the first known patent law that granted inventors exclusive rights to their inventions was passed as a result of an economic policy.

All of the above

Netwon's Laws of Motion predate Harvard University

Harvard University came earlier

Newton's Laws of Motion came earlier

Newton's Laws of Motion were published before Harvard University opened

C

Which event happened closer to Cleopatra's birth: the construction of the pyramids or the moon landing?

Cleopatra's presence in Rome most likely had an effect on the events at the Lupercalia festival a month before Caesar's assassination. How the Pyramids Were Built. The Pyramid of the Moon covers a structure older than the Pyramid of the Sun which existed prior to 200 AD. "Cleopatra: Facts & Biography". Caesarion, Cleopatra's alleged child with Caesar, was born 23 June 47 BC and was originally named "Pharaoh Caesar", as preserved on a stele at the Serapeum of Saqqara.For further information and validation, see and . Cleopatra was conspicuously absent from these events and resided in the palace, most likely because she had been pregnant with Caesar's child since September 48 BC. The vase would thus have been created no earlier than 35 BC, when Antony sent his wife Octavia back to Italy and stayed with Cleopatra in Alexandria. =====Native Egyptian art===== The Bust of Cleopatra in the Royal Ontario Museum represents a bust of Cleopatra in the Egyptian style. Egyptian pyramid construction techniques are the controversial subject of many hypotheses. "The Timeline of the Life of Cleopatra ." This was a question never far from Cleopatra's mind. Caesar is alleged to have joined Cleopatra for a cruise of the Nile and sightseeing of Egyptian monuments, although this may be a romantic tale reflecting later well-to-do Roman proclivities and not a real historical event. Christopher Bennett points out that with Cleopatra VII having a birthdate of 69 BC, she was "certainly conceived before Cleopatra V disappears from the record" and thus it follows that Cleopatra V had to be the mother of Cleopatra VII. However, Cleopatra's position in Egypt was secure. By the spring of 48 BC Cleopatra had traveled to Roman Syria with her younger sister, Arsinoe IV, to gather an invasion force that would head to Egypt. Michael Grant indicates that Ptolemy XII could have been alive as late as May, while an ancient Egyptian source affirms he was still ruling with Cleopatra by 15 July 51 BC, although by this point Cleopatra most likely "hushed up her father's death" so that she could consolidate her control of Egypt. Regarding Hellenistic Egypt, Grant argues, "Cleopatra VII, looking back upon all that her ancestors had done during that time, was not likely to make the same mistake. While Cleopatra's paternal line can be traced, the identity of her mother is uncertain.For further information, see and . Fletcher and John Whitehorne assert that this is a possible indication Cleopatra V had died in 69 BC rather than reappearing as a co-ruler with Berenice IV in 58 BC (during Ptolemy XII's exile in Rome). ==See also== * List of female hereditary monarchs ==Notes== ==References== ===Sources=== ====Online==== * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ====Print==== * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * . * * * * * * * * * * * . * * * * * * * * * * * * . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ==Further reading== * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ==External links== * Ancient Roman depictions of Cleopatra VII of Egypt, at YouTube * * , a Victorian children's book * "Mysterious Death of Cleopatra" at the Discovery Channel * Cleopatra VII at BBC History * Cleopatra VII at World History Encyclopedia * Eubanks, W. Ralph. (1 November 2010). It is unclear if Cleopatra's suicide on 10 August 30 BC, at age 39, took place within the palace or her tomb. By the end of 40 BC, Cleopatra had given birth to twins, a boy named Alexander Helios and a girl named Cleopatra Selene II, both of whom Antony acknowledged as his children. The Pyramids of Egypt 1947 p.9 Arnold, Dieter. The Lepsius XXIV Pyramid is an Egyptian pyramid, which was probably built for a wife of King Nyuserre Ini.

The construction of the pyramids

All of the above

Cleopatra was alive when the pyramids were being built

The construction of the pyramids happened closer to Cleopatra's birth

The moon landing

E

Can lawyers lie on their clients' behalf in the U.S.?

Hence, the lawyer can reveal confidential information to third parties where the client allows such an action. An attorney at law (or attorney-at-law) in the United States is a practitioner in a court of law who is legally qualified to prosecute and defend actions in court on the retainer of clients. United States, the U.S. Supreme Court stated that "A client who consults an attorney for advice that will serve him in the commission of a fraud will have no help from the law. For instance, if a client has previously disclosed confidential information to a third party who is not an attorney, and then gives the same information to an attorney, the attorney–client privilege will still protect the communication to the attorney, but will not protect the communication with the third party. Attorney–client privilege or lawyer–client privilege is the common law doctrine of legal professional privilege in the United States. Rather they are based on upholding the public interest, where such interests override client interests in maintaining confidentiality. ===Disclosure ostensibly to support lawyer's own interests=== Lawyers may disclose confidential information relating to the retainer where they are reasonably seeking to collect payment for services rendered. An attorney speaking publicly in regard to a client's personal business and private affairs can be reprimanded by the bar or disbarred, regardless of the fact that he or she may be no longer representing the client. An Attorney at law or lawyer must be an individual admitted to a state bar and licensed by a state, not just a person with a professional law degree. A client who initiates proceedings against a lawyer effectively waives rights to confidentiality. A client who initiates proceedings against a lawyer effectively waives rights to confidentiality. However, consent to allow the disclosure of confidential information does not entitle the lawyer to disclose or use the information for other purposes than those specified by the client. The duty is not absolute and can be limited as provided by the law. ===Client authorization=== As lawyer-client confidentiality exists for the benefit of the client, the confidence is the client's to waive or modify. In common law jurisdictions, the duty of confidentiality obliges solicitors (or attorneys) to respect the confidentiality of their clients' affairs. Examples include: * Outside counsel (law firms) v. in-house counsel (corporate legal department) * Plaintiff v. defense attorneys (some attorneys do both plaintiff and defense work, others only handle certain types of cases like personal injury, business etc.) * Transactional (or "office practice") attorneys (who negotiate and draft documents and advise clients, rarely going to court) v. litigators (who advise clients in the context of legal disputes both in and out of court, including lawsuits, arbitrations and negotiated settlements) * Trial attorneys (who argue the facts, such as the late Johnnie Cochran) v. appellate attorneys (who argue the law, such as David Boies) Despite these descriptions, some states forbid or discourage claims of specialization in particular areas of law unless the attorney has been certified by their state bar or state board of legal specialization. Nonetheless, the lawyer still owes a duty of loyalty, and clients may feel betrayed if such information is disclosed, even if it becomes public knowledge. Attorney–client privilege is "[a] client's right to refuse to disclose and to prevent any other person from disclosing confidential communications between the client and the attorney.""Attorney–client privilege", Black's Law Dictionary, p. 1391 col. 2 (Bryan A. Garner 10th ed. 2014). Confidentiality is a prerequisite for legal professional privilege to hold. ==The duty and its source== The lawyer-client relationship has historically been characterised as one of confidence. Lawyers in Singapore are part of a fused profession, meaning that they may act as both a solicitor and as an advocate, although lawyers usually specialise in one of litigation, conveyancing or corporate law. Further, the duty of confidentiality is a constant reminder to lawyers of the loyalty they owe to their clients. The United States Supreme Court has stated that by assuring confidentiality, the privilege encourages clients to make "full and frank" disclosures to their attorneys, who are then better able to provide candid advice and effective representation.Upjohn Co. v. United States, 449 U.S. 383, 389 (1981). ==General requirements under United States law== Although there are minor variations, the elements necessary to establish the attorney–client privilege generally are: # The asserted holder of the privilege is (or sought to become) a client; and # The person to whom the communication was made: ## is a member of the bar of a court, or a subordinate of such a member, and ## in connection with this communication, is acting as an attorney; and # The communication was for the purpose of securing legal advice.See, e.g., Colton v. For example, if the practitioner provides business or accounting advice rather than legal advice attorney–client privilege might not be established. If the case involves a federal question, the federal court will apply the federal common law of attorney–client privilege; however, Rule 501 grants flexibility to the federal courts, allowing them to construe the privilege "in light of experience and reason".

Yes, lawyers have an obligation to lie for their clients

Yes, confidentiality requires that lawyers lie for their clients

No, lawyers are not allowed to lie

Yes, lawyers can lie on behalf of their clients

All of the above

C

How do blondes and brunettes differ?

Psychology Today Many news organizations covered the story as evidence that blondes were not preferred over brunettes."Blondes vs. Brunettes: Blondes Lose, Study Says" (January 2, 2012) Fox 4 News, Kansas City, MO. Which do you notice first, blondes or brunettes? The blonde versus brunette rivalry is a rivalry—whether real, imagined, or fictional—between women with blonde hair and those with brown hair. However, when the researchers interviewed the men who spoke to her, the men rated her more intelligent and attractive as a brunette than as a blonde.Saad, Gad, Ph.D., (February 28, 2012) "Do Gentlemen Prefer Blondes? In popular culture and everyday conversation, the words blonde and brunette are sometimes used as nouns to refer to women by these two hair colors. Are blonde men more gentle than dark > haired men? The results showed that, as a blonde, she was more likely to be approached for conversation than as a brunette. These jokes about people, generally women, who have blonde hair serve as a form of blonde versus brunette rivalry. Retrieved March 12, 2012 In some cases, blondes and brunettes on the same team may compete against each other. Blonde or blond woman may refer to: * Blonde stereotype, a stereotype of blonde women as more desirable but less intelligent than brunettes * Blonde joke, a joke cycle based on the dumb blonde stereotype * A Blonde Woman, a c. 1520s painting by Palma Vecchio A 2018 study based on University of Florida students found that men prefer brunette women over blonde women.Wortham, J., Miller, A., & Delvescovo, D. (2018). The comic book industry's blonde vs. brunette rivalry over a male has been replicated in other forms of media, including television.Cummings, Tucker (November 16, 2011) "Blondes vs. Brunettes: TV Shows with Betty and Veronica-Style Love Triangles". (The color of brown hair is often called brunette). Retrieved April 20, 2013 Although many countries have used the blonde vs. brunette construct in the media and entertainment industries, the French daily newspaper Le Monde believes that the phenomenon is more prevalent in the United States. The article argues that in recent years, the American TV industry has begun to move away from the positive blonde stereotype and has begun to portray brunettes in a more favorable manner. ===Other film and TV examples=== A 2016 Washington Post article highlighted the tension between blondes and brunettes in Hollywood productions saying, "In movies, blondes and brunettes often have to battle it out." Arzner also stated that blondes were usually cast as the volatile types while brunettes are cast as the more serious and emotional types."Blondes versus Brunettes" (August 30, 1932) Morning Bulletin (Queensland, Australia) Retrieved December 15, 2012 Using hair color in the casting process, has sometimes resulted in Hollywood altering versions of established characters found in other media forms. Retrieved December 30, 2012 Elser, Amanda "The Battle of Blondes vs. Brunettes Ensues" beautyhigh.com In March 2016, a study by the Ohio State University was published in the Economics Bulletin. According to Jay Zagorsky, author of the study, the results show that: "the average IQ of blondes was actually slightly higher than those with other hair colors, but that finding isn't statistically significant." Blonde jokes are a joke cycle based on a stereotype of a dumb blonde woman. "Blonde vs. Brunette: Does It Determine How You Get Treated?" According to Lora Jacobi and Thomas Cash, it has also been shown that blonde women overestimated the percentage of men who would choose blonde hair as their ideal hair color. Yahoo.com Retrieved May 6, 2012. thumb|Betty and Veronica form one of popular media's most famous blonde vs. brunette rivalries and are two parts of a blonde vs. brunette love triangle that is completed by Archie, the object of their affection In a November 16, 2011 article titled "Blondes vs. Brunettes: TV Shows with Betty and Veronica-Style Love Triangles", media critic Tucker Cummings cited several TV shows that featured a "classic war between blonde and brunette love interests."

Blondes are more attractive than brunettes

Blondes and brunettes have different hair colors

Blondes have more fun than brunettes

Brunettes are more intelligent than blondes

None of the above

B

What does it mean when a woman has short hair?

Short hair refers to any haircut with little length. For this reason, many women cut their hair short to save time and the effort of maintaining it. However, it does take more time to be specifically styled than long hair. ==Men== For men in Europe or European- settled areas, having short hair is now generally the norm (although longer hair is still not uncommon), despite long hair or wigs having been fashionable at various times in the past (including ancient Sparta, the 18th century, and the 1970s). Different styles of short hair include the bob cut, the crop and the pixie cut. ==Maintenance== Short hair is easier to care for than long hair. If a man's hair reaches the chin, it may not be considered short. The Qing dynasty required this to be cut into a queue, but it wasn't until the advent of the European colonial empires and the Republic of China that what is normally thought as short hair became popular for men. ==Women== Short hair for women became fashionable in the 1920s. A hair's breadth, or the width of human hair, is used as an informal unit of a very short length. Short Hair () is the debut extended play by South Korean girl group AOA, It was released on June 19, 2014 by FNC Entertainment. Short anagen syndrome is a condition where hair does not grow beyond a short length, due to an unusually short duration of active hair growth (anagen phase). A regular haircut, in Western fashion, is a men's and boys' hairstyle that has hair long enough to comb on top, a defined or deconstructed side part, and a short, semi-short, medium, long, or extra long back and sides. For a woman, however, short varies from close-cropped to just above the shoulders. Short hair was fairly popular throughout the 60s, but the 70s and 80s favored different hairstyles. Women wore longer styles in the 1930s and 1940s, but short hair made a comeback when Audrey Hepburn sported a pixie cut (a very short wispy haircut) in the 1953 film Roman Holiday. thumb|right|Hairdresser washing a woman's hair A hairdresser is a person whose occupation is to cut or style hair in order to change or maintain a person's image. The hair to be thinned may be held with the fingers or comb. In 2010s fashion, the short back and sides continued to be worn by many professional men, while the related undercutHipster or Nazi? was appropriated by the hipster subculture.Every dude is getting this haircut ==Elements== The essential elements of a regular haircut are edging, siding and topping: *Edging refers to the design of the lower edge of hair growth from the sideburns around the ears and across the nape of the neck. It was released as the second single of the album on July 24, 2014. == Promotion== The promotions of the song "Short Hair" started on June 19, 2014, on M! Hair fashion of the period suggested that wealthy women wear large, complex and heavily adorned hairstyles, which would be maintained by their personal maids and other people, who would spend hours dressing the woman's hair. Women's hair grew taller in style during the 17th century, popularized by the hairdresser Madame Martin. A hairdresser may also be referred to as a 'barber' or 'hairstylist.' ==History== ===Ancient hairdressing=== Hairdressing as an occupation dates back thousands of years. In several systems of English Long Measure, a "hair's breadth" has a formal definition. There have been other styles, such as the Eton crop (a more extreme take on the short crop), and short layers. ==See also== * List of hairstyles ==References== ==External links== * * Category:Hairstyles

It means that she is a lesbian

It means that she is more intelligent

It means that she doesn't care about fashion

It means that she has cut her hair short

It means that she is bisexual

D

What animals do Australians have as pets?

CSIRO Publishing on behalf of the Department of the Environment and Heritage ==See also== * List of mammals of Australia ** List of Australian monotremes and marsupials ** List of Australian bats ** List of Australian rodents ** List of placental mammals introduced to Australia ** List of Australian marine mammals * List of Australian birds ** List of Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic birds ** List of birds of Tasmania * List of ants of Australia * List of butterflies of Australia * List of moths of Australia * List of Australian stick insects and mantids * List of Dermapterans of Australia * List of common Australian spiders * List of extinct animals of Australia * List of introduced fish in Australia * Threatened fauna of Australia * List of Australian animals extinct in the Holocene * List of marine animals of Australia (temperate waters) * Environmental issues in Australia ==Notes== ==References== * Berra, T. M. 1998. Kangaroos, Wallabies and other Macropodidae have become emblems and symbols of Australia, as well as appearing in popular culture both internationally and within Australia itself. The fauna of Australia consists of a huge variety of animals; some 46% of birds, 69% of mammals, 94% of amphibians, and 93% of reptiles that inhabit the continent are endemic to it. Hunting of native species with sighthounds is now banned in Australia; however, kangaroo dogs are still bred for hunting invasive introduced species, such as feral pigs and red foxes. ==See also== * Longdog * Lurcher ==References== Category:Dog breeds originating in Australia Category:Sighthounds Category:Dog crossbreeds The kangaroo dog or kangaroo hound is an Australian type of sighthound purposely crossbred from a variety of sighthound breeds to produce a hunting dog. Furred Animals of Australia is a general reference book, first published in 1931, that gives accounts of Australian mammals, the continent's often unique marsupial and placental mammal fauna. Kangaroo dogs were first bred by colonial settlers in Australia from as early as the 1830s, the aim being to create a sighthound fast, strong and robust enough to outrun, catch and hold a kangaroo without being injured or disembowelled by the animal's powerful, clawed hind legs. Encyclopedia of Australian wildlife. Animals Australia is an Australian animal protection organisation. Despite being a "declared noxious animal" because of its reputation for damaging crops and fences and competing with domestic animals for resources, the kangaroo finally achieved official recognition with its inclusion on Australia's coat of arms in 1908.Harper, Melissa and White, Richard (eds) (2010). Kangaroos are part of cultural and spiritual significance for many Indigenous Australians. Koalas are rare in the ACT with the last record in the 1990s. ===Placental mammals=== More than half the native mammal species are placental mammals, dominated in numbers by bats, with at least 18 species.Pennay, M., Law, B. and Lunney, D. (2011) Review of the distribution and status of the bat fauna of New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory. A field guide to the mammals of Australia. They include: New South Wales * Kangaroo Point * Kangaroo Point – (Brooklyn) * Kangaroo River – (Clarence Valley) * Kangaroo River – (Shoalhaven) * Kangaroo Valley Queensland * Kangaroo Island * Kangaroo Point * Kangaroo Point Cliffs * Kangaroo River South Australia * Kangaroo Creek Reservoir * Kangaroo Flat *Kangaroo Island Tasmania *East Kangaroo Island *Kangaroo Island Victoria * Kangaroo Flat * Kangaroo Ground Western Australia *Kangaroo Island ==References== Category:Australian culture Category:Mammals in popular culture Category:Sports mascots Category:Heraldic beasts Category:Mythological marsupials Australian Faunal Directory], Department of Environment and Heritage * Wilson, S.; Swan, G. 2017. From the 1830s onward, colonial hunting clubs were established across Australia's colonies, with native kangaroos, wallabies or dingoes pursued by mounted hunters and their kangaroo dogs. The Australian Museum Complete Book of Australian Mammals. The Animal Crossing series features kangaroos as possible neighbours. Australia has two species of crocodile. Since its European discovery, Kangaroos have since become an emblem of Australia, appearing in their coat of arms and in many state and city coat of arms, Australian logos such as the Qantas logo, names of Australian sport teams, mascots such as the Boxing Kangaroo and in public art. In its December 2015 review of Animals Australia, ACE cites Animals Australia's strengths as their "ability to steer public conversation in Australia in a more animal friendly direction", concrete successes such as getting McDonald's to phase out battery eggs, a self-critical mindset, and significant growth in recent years. There are seven extant species in Australia, most of which are endangered.Menkhorst and Knight, pp. 80–84.

Australians have koalas as pets

Dogs are the most popular pet in Australia

Australians have kangaroos as pets

Australians have dingoes as pets

Australians have wallabies as pets

B

What are black helicopters used for?

* Many U.S. law enforcement agencies use black helicopters for surveillance, transportation, and patrol. A similar theory concerning so- called "phantom helicopters" appeared in the UK in the 1970s. ==Documented usage== The following organizations and government agencies are known to operate black and/or unmarked helicopters in the United States for unclassified uses: *U.S. Customs and Border Protection operates a dozen black- and-gold UH-60 Black Hawk helicopters.Hastert Leads Congressional Delegation On Border Tour - Jamd at www.viewimages.com * The U.S. Army's 160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment uses helicopters primarily painted black and other U.S. military branches operate helicopters painted in black or dark colors, particularly the Sikorsky MH-53, which was optimized for long-range stealthy insertion and extraction of personnel, including combat search and rescue. The black helicopter is a symbol of an alleged conspiratorial military takeover of the United States in the American militia movement, and has also been associated with UFOs, especially in the UK, men in black, and similar conspiracies. ==Overview== Stories of black helicopters first appeared in the 1970s, and were linked to reports of cattle mutilation. Attack helicopters are also used as protective escort for transport helicopters, or to supplement lighter helicopters in the armed reconnaissance roles. It was reportedly used in at least one operation by the CIA, to deploy a wiretap during the Vietnam War.Chiles, James R. "Air America's Black Helicopter." * In Amerika, a television miniseries in which the Soviet Union has taken over the United States, black helicopters are used to intimidate and subdue the American population. thumb|Unmarked black helicopters have been described in conspiracy theories since the 1970s. Since the 1960s, various countries around the world started to design and develop various types of helicopters with the purpose of providing a heavily armed and protected aerial vehicle that can perform a variety of combat roles, from reconnaissance to aerial assault missions. The United States Police Force (USPF) uses black helicopters to patrol the border walls of Manhattan island, now a prison penal colony. The USPF is also shown using the helicopters to perform extractions, surveillance, and to kill inmates attempting to escape. Stealth helicopters are helicopters that incorporate stealth technology to decrease an enemy's detection ability.Richardson 2001, p. Some of the agencies that use them are Immigration and Customs Enforcement, the U.S. Marshals Service, the Drug Enforcement Administration, and the Federal Bureau of Investigation. ==Pejorative term== The term has also been used to ridicule other conspiracy theories or conspiracy theorists: *In 2007, a Slate article on the 2007 NBA betting scandal said, "In the wake of this scandal, every game will be in question, and not only by fans disposed to seeing black helicopters outside the arena."If the Ref Did It, Here's How It Happened, Slate, July 23, 2007 *In 2013, Vice President Joe Biden had recourse to the term in a speech responding to the National Rifle Association of America during the White House campaign for background checks on all gun purchasers, saying, "The black helicopter crowd is really upset. * In Grand Theft Auto Online, during an "Operation Paper Trail" storyline mission where the player flies a black- painted helicopter, Agent ULP of the International Affairs Agency (IAA; the Grand Theft Auto universe's satirical CIA equivalent) fondly recalls flying black helicopters early in his career—not as part of any conspiracies, but to draw conspiracy theorists away from actual IAA conspiracies. ==See also== * Black Volga * Cattle mutilation * List of conspiracy theories ==References== ==External links== * Category:Conspiracy theories in the United States Category:Government responses to UFOs Category:Helicopters Category:Phantom vehicles Category:UFO-related phenomena Category:Legendary flying machines UAVs may be used for search and rescue operations, aerial patrols, and other roles that are usually served by crewed police aircraft. The CIA has used black bag operations to steal cryptography and other secrets from foreign government offices outside the United States. An unmanned surveillance and reconnaissance aerial vehicle, is an unarmed military UAV that is used for intelligence, surveillance, target acquisition, and reconnaissance (ISTAR). Helicopters (Military Hardware in Action). An attack helicopter is an armed helicopter with the primary role of an attack aircraft, with the offensive capability of engaging ground targets such as enemy infantry, military vehicles and fortifications. During late 2015, reports emerged that a new Chinese attack helicopter with stealthy characteristics was being actively developed. ==See also== * Black helicopter * Unmanned aerial vehicle == References == === Citations === === Bibliography === * Dartford, Mark. Black bag operations or black bag jobs are covert or clandestine entries into structures to obtain information for human intelligence operations. * In The Secret World, black helicopters with red-tinted canopies owned by the Orochi Group appear at multiple points in the game, most notably in the Kingsmouth Town area, which includes a quest called "Black Helicopters". The US border patrol has been using drones for a very long time.

Black helicopters are used to build a surveillance network of all U.S. citizens

Black helicopters are used for secret conspiracies against the people

Black helicopters are used to communicate with UFOs

Black helicopters are used for surveillance, transportation, and patrol

Black helicopters are used to make people disappear

D

Who was really behind the murder attempt on Malala Yousafzai?

The murder of Stuart Anthony TayYoung, Eric and Matt Lait. The secretive nature of the CIA, and the conjecture surrounding high-profile political assassinations in the United States during the 1960s, has made the CIA a plausible suspect for some who believe in a conspiracy. During the trial, defense attorney Mark Lane was successful in creating doubt among the jury as to Hunt's location on the day of the Kennedy assassination through depositions from David Atlee Phillips, Richard Helms, G. Gordon Liddy, Stansfield Turner, and Marita Lorenz, as well as through his cross examination of Hunt.Lane, Mark, Plausible Denial: Was the CIA Involved in the Assassination of JFK? David Mitchell (1972 – 6 January 2000) was a Bahamian murderer who killed two German tourists in the Bahamas and was executed as a result. The CIA Kennedy assassination is a prominent John F. Kennedy assassination conspiracy theory. Plausible Denial: Was the CIA Involved in the Assassination of JFK? The United States' Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) made numerous unsuccessful attempts to assassinate Cuban leader Fidel Castro. The Yumare massacre was an incident in which agents of DISIP, the counter- intelligence agency of Venezuela, killed nine social activists, confused with a guerrilla group. Robert Blakey, who was chief counsel for the House Select Committee on Assassinations, concluded in his book, The Plot to Kill the President, that Marcello was likely part of a Mafia conspiracy behind the assassination, and that the Mafia had the means, motive, and opportunity required to carry it out.Blakey, Robert (1981). Conspiracy theorists have ascribed various motives for CIA involvement in the assassination of President Kennedy, including Kennedy's firing of CIA director Allen Dulles, Kennedy's refusal to provide air support to the Bay of Pigs invasion, Kennedy's plan to cut the agency's budget by 20 percent, and the belief that the president was weak on communism. In his book, They Killed Our President, former Minnesota governor Jesse Ventura also concluded: "John F. Kennedy was murdered by a conspiracy involving disgruntled CIA agents, anti-Castro Cubans, and members of the Mafia, all of whom were extremely angry at what they viewed as Kennedy's appeasement policies toward Communist Cuba and the Soviet Union."Ventura, Jessie. According to columnist Jack Anderson, the first CIA attempt to assassinate Castro was part of the Bay of Pigs Invasion operation, but five more CIA teams were sent, the last apprehended on a rooftop within rifle range of Castro, at the end of February or beginning of March 1963. Some plots aimed not at murder but at character assassination; they, for example, involved using thallium salts to destroy Castro's famous beard, or lacing his radio studio with LSD to cause him disorientation during the broadcast and damage his public image. The actual circumstances of the incident were revealed in 2011 by retired Army General Alexis Ramón Sanchéz, who admitted his role in the killings. == Investigation == An investigation was re-opened in 2006,vheadlines.net, 6 July 2006, Venezuelan Attorney General reopens 1986 Yumare Massacre investigation which led to 29 participants in the massacre being charged in September 2006, including both Jaime Lusinchi, then-president of Venezuela, and Henry López Sisco, then head of DISIP. The committee's conclusion of a conspiracy was based almost entirely on the results of a forensic analysis of a police dictabelt recording, which was later disputed. ==Origin== In 1966, New Orleans District Attorney Jim Garrison began an investigation into the assassination of President Kennedy. They have been the subject of various conspiracy theories, including some that allege the three men to be known CIA agents. They cite U.S. government documents which show that, beginning in 1960, these groups had worked together in assassination attempts against Cuban leader Fidel Castro.CIA offered money to Mafia. John Higgs was scheduled to be executed the same day as Mitchell for an unrelated murder, but he committed suicide the day before. ==General references== *"Bahamas convict executed", BBC News, 2000-01-06, accessed 2008-08-08 *Amnesty International, "Bahamas: State-sanctioned killing on Epiphany", press release, 2000-01-05, accessed 2008-08-08 Category:1972 births Category:2000 deaths Category:People executed by the Bahamas by hanging Category:People executed for murder Category:People convicted of murder by the Bahamas Category:Executed Bahamian people Category:Bahamian people convicted of murder Abdul Latif (24 October 1951 – 29 November 1997) was an underworld figure and terrorist from the Gujarat state of India and an associate of Dawood Ibrahim. In his trial, Chan said that he did not mastermind the killing of Tay, and that he believed that Tay put explosives in his house and would kill him if Tay was not himself killed. The CIA assigned two operations officers, William King Harvey and James O'Connell, to accompany Roselli to Miami to recruit the actual teams. ==Mafia engagement== According to the CIA documents, the so-called Family Jewels that were declassified in 2007, one assassination attempt on Fidel Castro prior to the Bay of Pigs invasion involved noted American mobsters John Roselli, Sam Giancana and Santo Trafficante. At the time, officials falsely claimed that the activists ambushed the DISIP agents and were killed during an armed confrontation.

The CIA was behind the murder attempt on Malala Yousafzai

The U.S. government was behind the murder attempt on Malala Yousafzai

The Taliban was behind the murder attempt on Malala Yousafzai

Robert de Niro was behind the murder attempt on Malala Yousafzai

The murder attempt on Malala Yousafzai was staged by Western actors

C

What really happened to Korean Air Lines Flight 007?

The True Mission of KAL Flight 007, French book translated by Robert Bononno, New York/London, Four Walls Eight Windows, preface by John Keppel. ==External links== *Diver Vadim Kondrabaev interview *Gen. Valeri Kamenski/ Itogi interview Category:Conspiracy theories involving aviation incidents Category:Korean Air Lines Flight 007 "The Downing of Korean Air Lines Flight 007." Korean Air Lines Co., Ltd., 60 F.3d 90 (2d Cir. 1995) (decision from the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit Nos. 907, 1057 August Term, 1994 (Argued: April 5, 1995, Decided: July 12, 1995, Docket Nos. 94–7208, 94–7218)). ==Alternative theories== Flight 007 has been the subject of ongoing controversy and has spawned a number of conspiracy theories.Knight, p. 381 Many of these are based on the suppression of evidence such as the flight data recorders, unexplained details such as the role of a USAF RC-135 surveillance aircraft,Johnson, p. 175 the untimely destruction of the U.S. Air Force's King Salmon radar data, Cold War disinformation and propaganda and Gennadiy Osipovich's (the Soviet fighter pilot who shot down flight 007) statement that although he knew the plane was a civilian aircraft, he suspected that it could have been being used as a spy plane.Pry, p. 31Pearson, p. 17Young, p. 137 ==Aftermath== Two television movies were produced about the incident; both films were produced before the fall of the Soviet Union allowed access to archives. Korean airline crash may refer to crashes involving various Korean-based airlines, including: * Asiana Airlines Flight 214, a scheduled transpacific passenger flight from Incheon, South Korea, that crash-landed at its destination at San Francisco, California, United States, on July 6, 2013; * Asiana Airlines Flight 991 (OZ991, AAR991) a cargo flight which crashed into the Korea Strait after departing South Korea on July 28, 2011; * Korean Air Cargo Flight 8509 was a cargo fight from South Korea bound for Italy, that crashed shortly after take-off from London Stansted Airport on December 22, 1999; * Korean Air Flight 801 (KE801, KAL801), a chartered passenger flight from South Korea to the United States territory of Guam which crashed on its landing approach on August 6, 1997; * Asiana Air Flight 733 (OZ733, AAR733), a domestic passenger flight between Seoul and Mokpo, South Korea that crashed into Mt. Ungeo on July 26, 1993; * Korean Air incidents and accidents, a list of various incidents and accidents over the past several decades involving Korean Air Lines Co. aircraft; It was sold to the ITEL Corporation in February 1979 and leased to Korean Air Lines with the registration HL7442. ==Details of the flight== ===Passengers and crew=== Nation Victims Australia 2 Hong Kong 12 Canada 8 Dominican Republic 1 India 1 Iran 1 Japan 28 Malaysia 1 Philippines 16 South Korea 105* Sweden 1 Taiwan 23 Thailand 5 United Kingdom 2 United States 62 Vietnam 1** Total (16 Nationalities) 269 * 76 passengers, 23 active crew and 6 deadheading crew ** A refugee from former South Vietnam in U.S thumb|right|150px|Congressman Larry McDonald The aircraft flying as Korean Air Lines Flight 007 departed from Gate 15 of John F. Kennedy International Airport, New York City, on August 31, 1983, at 00:25 EDT (04:25 UTC), bound for Kimpo International Airport in Gangseo District, Seoul, 35 minutes behind its scheduled departure time of 23:50 EDT, August 30 (03:50 UTC, August 31). Korean Air Lines Flight 015 was a Boeing 747-200 operating a scheduled passenger flight from Los Angeles International Airport, in Los Angeles, California, to Gimpo International Airport in Seoul, South Korea with an intermediate stop in Anchorage, Alaska, that crashed while attempting to land on 19 November 1980. As a result of the incident, the United States altered tracking procedures for aircraft departing from Alaska, and President Ronald Reagan issued a directive making American satellite-based radionavigation Global Positioning System freely available for civilian use, once it was sufficiently developed, as a common good. ==Aircraft== The aircraft flying as Korean Air Lines Flight 007 was a Boeing 747-230B jet airliner with Boeing serial number 20559. The Korean Air Lines YS-11 hijacking occurred on 11 December 1969. The U.S. adopted a strategy of releasing a substantial amount of hitherto highly classified intelligence information in order to exploit a major propaganda advantage over the Soviet Union.Johnson, pp. 117–121 Six hours after the plane was downed, the South Korean government issued an announcement that the plane had merely been forced to land abruptly by the Soviets and that all passengers and crew were safe. U.S. Secretary of State George P. Shultz held a press conference about the incident at 10:45 on September 1, during which he divulged some details of intercepted Soviet communications and denounced the actions of the Soviet Union.Daniloff, p. 294 On September 5, 1983, President Reagan condemned the shooting down of the airplane as the "Korean airline massacre", a "crime against humanity [that] must never be forgotten" and an "act of barbarism... [and] inhuman brutality". The story of the disaster was featured on the ninth season of Cineflix television show Mayday in the episode entitled "Target Is Destroyed” (S09E05). ==See also== * Cold War (1979–85) * History of the Soviet Union (1982–91) * Korean Air Lines Flight 902 * List of airliner shootdown incidents * List of United States Congress members killed or wounded in office * Notable decompression accidents and incidents * Siberia Airlines Flight 1812 * Iran Air Flight 655 * Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 * 1983 Soviet nuclear false alarm incident, which happened three weeks later. The Soviet Air Forces treated the unidentified aircraft as an intruding U.S. spy plane, and destroyed it with air-to-air missiles, after firing warning shots which were probably not seen by the KAL pilots. The aircraft disappeared off long-range military radar at Wakkanai, Japan, at a height of .Johnson, p. 30 KAL 007 was probably attacked in international airspace, with a 1993 Russian report listing the location of the missile firing outside its territory at ,Oberg, KAL 007: The Real Story although the intercepting pilot stated otherwise in a subsequent interview. The Soviet hierarchy took the official line that KAL Flight 007 was on a spy mission, as it "flew deep into Soviet territory for several hundred kilometres [miles], without responding to signals and disobeying the orders of interceptor fighter planes". * Ukraine International Airlines Flight 752 ==Footnotes== ==Notes== ==References== ===Books=== * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ===Journals=== * * * * * * * * * * * * ===Online sources=== * * This article was adapted from a book chapter, entitled "The Crash of Korean Air Lines Flight 007," which appeared in Degani, A. (2004). Although some evidence of human remains was noticed by the divers, they found no bodies."ICAO '93, Sect. 1.12.4 ==Political events== ===Initial Soviet denial=== thumb|right|Marshal Nikolai Ogarkov during his September 9, 1983, press conference on the shoot-down of Korean Air Lines Flight 007 General Secretary Yuri Andropov, on the advice of Defense Minister Dmitriy Ustinov, but against the advice of the Foreign Ministry, initially decided not to make any admission of downing the airliner, on the premise that no one would find out or be able to prove otherwise.Oberdorfer, p. 51 Consequently the TASS news agency reported twelve hours after the shoot-down only that an unidentified aircraft, flying without lights, had been intercepted by Soviet fighters after it violated Soviet airspace over Sakhalin. KAL 007 (artist's rendition)|right|thumb|250px Korean Air Lines Flight 007 alternative theories concerns the various theories put forward regarding the shooting down of Korean Air Lines Flight 007. A member of the United States Air Force in South Korea was scheduled to be a passenger on the ill-fated flight, but instead caught a military transport flight at the last minute. thumb|200x200px|A YS-11 similar to the hijacked plane. A Soviet airspace violation may refer to: * The hundreds of Nazi prewar incursions into Soviet airspace before Operation Barbarossa * 1960 U-2 incident when a spy plane was shot down over Soviet airspace * Seaboard World Airlines Flight 253, a 1968 forced landing on Etorofu Island * Korean Air Lines Flight 902, a 1978 forced landing on a frozen Soviet lake near Finnish border * Korean Air Lines Flight 007, 1983 shootdown of a Boeing 747 over Sakhalin Island * Mathias Rust, landing a Cessna 172 in Red Square The aircraft, a Korean Air Lines NAMC YS-11 flying a domestic route from Gangneung Airbase in Gangneung, Gangwon, South Korea to Gimpo International Airport in Seoul, was hijacked at 12:25 PM by North Korean agent Cho Ch'ang-hŭi (). Korean Air Lines Flight 007 (KE007/KAL007)The flight number KAL 007 was used by air traffic control, while the public flight booking system used KE 007 was a scheduled Korean Air Lines flight from New York City to Seoul via Anchorage, Alaska. An updated version was screened by Channel 4 in the UK on August 31, 1993, incorporating details of the 1992 UN investigation. ===Airway closed=== The FAA temporarily closed Airway R-20, the air corridor that Korean Air Flight 007 was meant to follow, on September 2. (See Korean Air Lines Flight 007 transcripts.) ==Planned spy mission theory== COBRA DANE, an intelligence-gathering phased array radar system specially constructed to monitor Soviet ballistic missile testing on Siberia's Kamchatka Peninsula|right|thumb In 1994, Robert W Allardyce and James Gollin wrote Desired Track: The Tragic Flight of KAL Flight 007, supporting the spy mission theory.

The true events surrounding the flight were covered up by the U.S. government

The plane was abducted by a UFO

The flight was shot down by the Soviet Union

The pilots intentionally brought the plane into prohibited airspace

The flight was a planned spy mission that was brought down by the Soviets

C

What brand of cigarettes do doctors recommend?

In 1946, Camel advertised their cigarettes as being the favorite choice among doctors "from every branch of medicine", making smokers believe it was safe to smoke them. This is a list of current cigarette brands. Camel cigarettes were originally blended to have a milder taste than established brands. This is an alphabetical list of cigar brands. The slogan "More doctors smoke Camels than any other cigarette" became the mainstay of Camel advertising until 1952. Various Camel Crush and Camel Click cigarettes have also been created and are some of the most popular Camel variants being sold. Factory-made cigarettes, when contrasted to roll-your-own cigarettes, are called tailor mades. ==List== Brand Manufacturer Origin Released Reference 286 Merapi Agung Lestari Indonesia 305 Dosal Tobacco United States 567 Lima Enam Tujuh Nasional Indonesia A Mild Sampoerna Indonesia Absolute Mild Karyadibya Mahardika & Japan Tobacco Indonesia Access Mild Moeria Mulia Indonesia Africaine Landewyck Tobacco Luxembourg 1940s Akhtamar Grand Tobacco Armenia Alain Delon British American Tobacco Cambodia American Street Premium Adlon Eurobusiness Spain Adlon Eurobusiness on Infoempresa website Karyadibya Mahardika & Japan Tobacco Indonesia Ararat International Masis Tabak Armenia British American Tobacco & Bentoel Group Indonesia Armour Armour Indonesia Limited Indonesia Aroma Nojorono Tobacco & Aroma Tobacco International Indonesia Arum Manis Jaleca tobacco factory Indonesia Ashford Philip Morris International Philip Morris USA (United States only) United States Assos International Papastratos Cigarette Company Greece Astro La Suerte Cigar and Cigarette Factory Philippines Avolution Sampoerna Indonesia Bahman Iranian Tobacco Company Iran Basic Philip Morris International (International) Philip Morris USA (United States only) United States Bastos Altadis, then Imperial Tobacco Kingdom of Spain 1830s Belinda British American Tobacco Netherlands 1940s Belomorkanal Uritsky Tobacco Factory Soviet Union Belmont Philip Morris International Canada Benson & Hedges Altria British American Tobacco (Asia, Australia and New Zealand only) Japan Tobacco International (United Kingdom only) Philip Morris USA (Canada and United States only) Ceylon Tobacco Company (Sri Lanka only) United Kingdom Bentoel Group Indonesia Berkeley ITC Limited India Bidi Bidi Sejahtera Indonesia Bintang Buana Bentoel Group Indonesia Black Devil Heupink & Bloemen Netherlands Blend Swedish Match AB Sweden Bokormas Bokormas Tobacco Indonesia Bond Street Philip Morris International United Kingdom Bonus La Suerte Cigar and Cigarette Factory Philippines Boss PMFTC Philippines Bowling Gold PMFTC Philippines Bristol ITC Limited (International) Ceylon Tobacco Company (Sri Lanka only) India Sri Lanka Bringi Sudan Tobacco Sudan Caballero British American Tobacco Netherlands 1940s Cabin Japan Tobacco Japan Cabinet Reemtsma East Germany Caines House of Prince Denmark Cambridge Philip Morris USA United States Camel Japan Tobacco International (International) Imperial Brands (Australia only) R. J. Reynolds (United States only) United States Canadian Classics Rothmans, Benson & Hedges Canada Mid-90s Capri R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company United States Capstan Imperial Brands British American Tobacco (Sri Lanka only) United Kingdom Carpați Romania 1931-2010 Carroll's British American Tobacco Ireland Casino Associated Anglo- American Tobacco Corporation Philippines Caster Japan Tobacco Japan Cavanders Godfrey Phillips India India Cendana Cendana Nusantara Indonesia Champion PMFTC Philippines Chancellor Golden Tobacco Ltd India Charminar VST Industries India Charms VST Industries India Che Landewyck Tobacco Luxembourg Chesterfield Philip Morris International (International) PMFTC (Philippines only) Philip Morris USA (United States only) United States Chief Manunggal Jaya Tobacco Indonesia Chunghwa Shanghai Tobacco Group People's Republic of China Indonesia Classic Filter Kings ITC Limited India Clavo Djarum Indonesia Cleopatra Eastern Tobacco Company Egypt Club Gallaher Group United Kingdom Club (German cigarette) Japan Tobacco Clu13 (Club) Bentoel Group Indonesia Cohiba Altadis Cuba Colt Philip Morris USA (United States), Imperial Tobacco Finland Oy (a subsidiary of Imperial Tobacco in Finland) Finland Cool NTC Industries Ltd India Cooper SEKAP Greece Bentoel Group Indonesia Craven A Rothmans, Benson & Hedges (International) Carreras Tobacco Company (United Kingdom only) United Kingdom Crossroads United States Crystal Filasta Indonesia Indonesia Dakota R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company United States Dalila Česko-Slovenský tabakový priemysel Slovakia Dallas Associated Anglo-American Tobacco Corporation Philippines Davidoff Imperial Brands (International) Switzerland Delima Djuwed tobacco factory Indonesia Deluxe Tenor NTC Industries Ltd India Derby Souza Cruz Brazil Diana Philip Morris International Italy Djarum Indonesia Djarum Black Djarum (International) Indonesia Djarum Coklat Djarum Indonesia Djarum Forte Djarum Indonesia Djarum Indonesia Djarum Super MLD Djarum Indonesia Djarum Super Wave Djarum Indonesia Djarum Vanilla Djarum (International) Indonesia Djeruk Kretek Daun Jeruk tobacco Indonesia Dji Sam Soe 234 Philip Morris International & Sampoerna Indonesia DJ Mix D J Tobacco Co. Ltd. Hong Kong 1999 Djolali Kretek Djolali Nusantara Indonesia Dominant International Masis Tabak Armenia Donskoy Tabak Donskoy Tabak Russia Doral R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company United States Double Happiness Shanghai Tobacco Corporation People's Republic of China Drina Sarajevo Tobacco Factory Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina after World War II Du Maurier Imperial Tobacco Canada West Indian Tobacco Company (Trinidad and Tobago only) Canada Ducados Altadis, a division of Imperial Tobacco Spain Ducal Landewyck Tobacco Luxembourg Duke ITC Limited India Dunhill British American Tobacco (International) R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company (United States only) Ceylon Tobacco Company (Sri Lanka only) United Kingdom Eclipse R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company United States Elita British American Tobacco Latvia Elixyr Landewyck Tobacco Luxembourg Embassy Imperial Brands United Kingdom Envio Mild Leni Jaya Tobacco Indonesia Equs Bold KT&G; & Mandiri Maha Mulia Indonesia Ernte 23 Reemtsma Germany Esse Korea Tobacco & Ginseng Corporation (International) South Korea Eve Liggett Group (United States only) Philip Morris International (Germany only) United States Everest British American Tobacco Zimbabwe Holdings Zimbabwe Excel Bold Excel Indonesia Export JTI Macdonald Canada Japan Tobacco & Karyadibya Mahardhika Indonesia f6 Philip Morris International Germany Fatima Liggett Group Turkey Fellas Mild Djarum Indonesia Filter 57 Tobačna Ljubljana (a division of Imperial Tobacco) Socialist Republic of Slovenia Fix Mild Tambora Mulyorejo Indonesia Fixation Merapi Agung Lestari Indonesia Flair Golden Tobacco Ltd India Flake ITC Limited India Fortuna Imperial Brands (International) Spain Fortune International PMFTC Philippines Forum Forum Cigarettes Indonesia Indonesia Four Square Godfrey Phillips India India Four Aces W.D. & H.O. Wills/ Imperial Brands Sri Lanka FS1 Godfrey Phillips India India Hunan Tobacco Group People's Republic of China Galan Wismilak Indonesia Ganas Ganas Tobacco company Indonesia Garni Grand Tobacco Armenia Gauloises Imperial Tobacco France Geo Mild Roberta Prima Tobacco Indonesia George Karelias and Sons Karelia Tobacco Company Greece GG Mild Gudang Garam Indonesia Gitanes Imperial Brands France GL Utama Mama Indonesia GMB Cigarette General Management Business Erbil, Iraq Gold Flake ITC Limited India Golden Bat Japan Tobacco Japan Goldfield (Goldprince in Belgium, Claridge in Slovakia) various European tobacco companies Germany 1990s GT Grand Tobacco Armenia 1997 Gudang Cengkeh Gudang Cengkeh Indonesia Gudang Garam Gudang Garam Indonesia Guiyan Guizhou Tobacco Group People's Republic of China Gunston British American Tobacco South Africa 1950s HB British American Tobacco Germany Hero Sumatra Tobacco Trading Company (STTC) Indonesia Hits Mild Tobacco Selatmalaka Industry Indonesia Hi-Lite Japan Tobacco Japan Hollywood Souza Cruz Brazil Hongtashan Hongta Tobacco Group People's Republic of China Hope Japan Tobacco (Japan) PMFTC (Philippines only) Japan Huanghelou Hubei Tobacco Group People's Republic of China Huangshan Anhui Tobacco Group People's Republic of China In Mild Djarum Indonesia India Kings ITC Limited India Insignia ITC Limited India Inspiro Djarum Indonesia Intro Manunggal Jaya Tobacco Indonesia Jackpot PMFTC Philippines Jadran Adris grupa (British American Tobacco) Socialist Republic of Croatia Jan III Sobieski British American Tobacco Poland Java British American Tobacco Soviet Union Jazy Mild Nojorono Indonesia Jet Sumatra Tobacco Trading Company (STTC) Indonesia Jin Ling Baltic Tobacco Company Kaliningrad, Russia Joged Bentoel Group Indonesia John Player (now Superkings) John Player & Sons/ Imperial Brands (International) Ceylon Tobacco Company (Sri Lanka only) United KingdomSri Lanka John Player Gold Leaf Ceylon Tobacco Company Sri Lanka John Silver (cigarette) Japan Tobacco Sweden Tri Sakti Purwosari Makmur Indonesia June Golden Tobacco Ltd India Bentoel Group Indonesia Karo Altria Germany Kencono 89 Sinar Kencana Persada Indonesia Kensitas Club Japan Tobacco International United Kingdom Kent British American Tobacco (International) R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company (United States) United States King's House of Prince Denmark Kingsway American Express of London/Ardath Tobacco Company, Rothmans International (in Malaysia) Klampok PR Klampok Indonesia Klobot PR Sukun Indonesia Klubi Rettig Group Oy Ab Finland Kool British American Tobacco (International) ITG Brands (United States only) United States Krong Thip Thailand Tobacco Monopoly Thailand L&M; Philip Morris International (International) PMFTC (Philippines only) Philip Morris USA (United States only) United States L.A. Ice Djarum Indonesia Laika Various Soviet tobacco factories Soviet Union Discontinued 1990s L.A. Lights Djarum Indonesia Lambert & Butler Imperial Brands (International) United Kingdom Lark Altria (International) Philip Morris USA (United States and Ecuador only) United States LD Japan Tobacco International Russia Legend Golden Tobacco Ltd India Level Japan Tobacco Sweden Lexington Landewyck Tobacco (British American Tobacco) Luxembourg Liggett Select Liggett Group United States Lips Golden Tobacco Ltd India Liqun Zhejiang Tobacco Group People's Republic of China Longbeach Philip Morris International Australia Look House of Prince Denmark Lovćen Duvanski Kombinat Podgorica Socialist Republic of Montenegro 1960s Lucky Strike British American Tobacco (International) ITC Limited (India only) R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company (United States) Ceylon Tobacco Company (Sri Lanka only) United States Lucky 7 Ceylon Tobacco Company Sri Lanka Main House of Prince Sweden Madja PR Madja Indonesia Magnum Filter Sampoerna Indonesia Magnum Mild Sampoerna Indonesia Manchester Magnum Asia Limited Vietnam Mantano British American Tobacco Netherlands 1950s Marlboro Philip Morris International (International) PMFTC (Philippines only) Philip Morris USA (United States only) United States Maraton Nojorono Indonesia Mark PMFTC Philippines Mark Adams No. 1 Grand River Enterprises Germany Germany 1990s Maryland Landewyck Tobacco Luxembourg Masis Grand Tobacco Armenia Master Mild Trisakti Purwosari Makmur Indonesia Matra Nojorono Indonesia Matterhorn Ceylon Tobacco Company Sri Lanka Maverick Imperial Brands (United States only) United States Max Lorillard Tobacco Company United States Maxus Nojorono Indonesia Mayfair Japan Tobacco International United Kingdom MayPole NTC Industries Ltd India Melbour Espert S.A. Tabacalera (Imperial Brands) Argentina Memphis Gallaher Group Austria Merit Philip Morris USA United States Mevius Japan Tobacco International (International) Imperial Brands (Australia) Japan Midas Filter Midas Indonesia Mild Formula Saraswanti Mekar Agung Indonesia Mighty Mighty Corporation Philippines Minak Djinggo PT Nojorono Tobacco International, Kudus, Indonesia, under authority of Philip Morris International Indonesia Misty R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company United States Mocne Imperial Brands Poland 1950s Moments VST Industries India Mondial Eastern Tobacco Company Egypt More Japan Tobacco International (International) PMFTC (Philippines only) United States June MS British American Tobacco (International) Italy Muratti Philip Morris International British American Tobacco Turkey Mustang Wikatama Indah Sigaret Indonesia Indonesia Nagari Filter Barito tobacco factory Indonesia Natural American Spirit Japan Tobacco International (International) R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company (United States only) United States Navy Cut ITC Limited India Naxan PT. In Canada all of the > cigarettes are really, really moderated by the government so they wouldn't > do anything and that's a good thing. ==Markets== Viceroy cigarettes were or still are sold in the following countries: United States, Canada, Mexico, Honduras, Dominican Republic, Costa Rica, Chile, Argentina, United Kingdom, Finland, West Germany, Spain, Poland, Hungary, Czech Republic, Romania, Bulgaria, Turkey, Belarus, Russia, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan, Egypt, Israel, Thailand, Hong Kong, Lebanon, Jordan, Singapore and Venezuela. ==See also== * Cigarette * Tobacco smoking ==References== Category:R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company brands Category:Products introduced in 1936 Category:Brown & Williamson One of the most notable Viceroy advertisements, were the ones that advertised that, because Viceroy cigarettes were filter-tipped, less tar would manifest on and between the teeth, and would thus be a "healthier" alternative to other brands. Camel is an American brand of cigarettes, currently owned and manufactured by the R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company in the United States and by Japan Tobacco outside the U.S. Most recently Camel cigarettes contain a blend of Turkish tobacco and Virginia tobacco. Cigarettes" *Books v. The iconic style of Camel is the original unfiltered cigarette sold in a soft pack, known as Camel Straights or Regulars. Sejahtera Indonesia neO Mild Bentoel Group Indonesia Neslite Merapi Agung Lestari Indonesia Newmore House of Prince Sweden Newport British American Tobacco (International) R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company (United States) United States Next Philip Morris International Malaysia Nikki Super Nikki Super Tobacco Indonesia Indonesia Niko Rama Indonesia Nil Gallaher Group German Empire Niu Niu Merapi Agung Lestari Indonesia NO.10 NTC Industries Ltd India Noblesse Dubek Israel North Pole Godfrey Phillips India India British American Tobacco Finland NOY International Masis Tabak Armenia 2000 Nuu Mild CAMA Indonesia Oasis United States Old Gold R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company United States One Mild Bentoel Group Indonesia Orbit Menara Kartika Buana Indonesia Overstolz Japan Tobacco International German Empire Pall Mall British American Tobacco (International) R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company (United States) Ceylon Tobacco Company (Sri Lanka) United Kingdom Paramount Imperial Tobacco Norway AS Norway Panama Golden Tobacco Ltd India Parisienne British American Tobacco Switzerland Parliament Philip Morris International (International) Philip Morris USA (United States only) United States Peace Japan Tobacco Japan D J Tobacco Co., Ltd. Hong Kong 1999 Pensil Mas TDS Tobacco Indonesia Perilly's John Perilly (supervised by British American Tobacco) Peter Stuyvesant British American Tobacco (International) South Africa Philip Morris Philip Morris International (International) PMFTC (Philippines only) Philip Morris USA (United States only) United States Philip Morris Bold Sampoerna Indonesia Pianissimo Peche Japan Tobacco Japan PIN Sampoerna Indonesia Pink Elephant Heupink & Bloemen Netherlands Platinum Golden Tobacco Ltd India Players ITC Limited India Player's Navy Cut Imperial Brands Sri Lanka Polo Mild Muria Sigaret Industri Indonesia Popularne Państwowe Zakłady Przemysłu Poland Potenza Karya Timur Prima Indonesia Praoe Lajar Perusahaan Rokok Perahu Layar Indonesia Prima Kyiv Tobacco Factory, various Russian tobacco manufacturers Ukraine since 1970 Prince House of Prince British American Tobacco Denmark Pueblo Pöschl Tabak Germany Pundimas Pundimas Nasional Indonesia Pyramid Liggett Group United States R6 Reemtsma (a subsidiary of Imperial Tobacco) Weimar Republic Raison KT&G;, Mandiri Maha Mulia (Indonesia only) South Korea House of Prince Denmark Rawit Bentoel Group Indonesia Red & White Godfrey Phillips India India Red Mild Gudang Baru Indonesia Red Ruby Big Tobacco Myanmar Regal Imperial Brands United Kingdom Regent NTC Industries Ltd India Relax Mild Transentra Tobacco Indonesia Reval Reemtsma Germany RHF Indonesian tobacco company Indonesia RHM Mild RHM Indonesia Richmond Imperial Brands United Kingdom Ritz Tabaqueira Brazil Romeo y Julieta Altadis Cuba Roth-Händle Reemtsma German Empire Rothmans Philip Morris International British American Tobacco United Kingdom Royal ITC Limited India Saat AKJ Marketing (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd Malaysia Salem ITG Brands United States Sampoerna Hijau Sampoerna Indonesia Sakura Japan Tobacco Japan Sam Djok Koe Sampoerna Indonesia Sax British American Tobacco Italy Scissors ITC Limited India Score Mild Maju Abadi Sigaret Indonesia Sejati Bentoel Group Indonesia Senior Victory Indonesia Indonesia Senior Service Gallaher Group United Kingdom Septwolves Fujian Tobacco Group People's Republic of China Seven Stars Japan Tobacco Japan SG Philip Morris International Portugal 1950s Shaan VST Industries India Shuangxi Ceylon Tobacco Company (Sri Lanka only) CTBAT (International) Sri Lanka Hong Kong Silk Cut Japan Tobacco International (International) United Kingdom Site Indonesian tobacco company Indonesia Slic Mild Djarum Indonesia Smart Austria Tabak GmbH Austria Smart Japan Tobacco Japan Sportsman Ceylon Tobacco Company Sri Lanka Kenya Sobranie Japan Tobacco International (International) United Kingdom Special Extra Filter VST Industries India ST Dupont Philip Morris International France Star Mild Bentoel Group Indonesia State Express 555 British American Tobacco (International) Ceylon Tobacco Company (Sri Lanka only) United Kingdom Sterling Japan Tobacco International United Kingdom Stork PMFTC Philippines Strand W.D. & H.O. Wills United States Style Golden Tobacco Ltd India Sukun PR Sukun Mc Wartono Indonesia Superkings Imperial Brands United Kingdom Surya 16 Gudang Garam Indonesia Surya Pro Mild Gudang Garam Indonesia Sweet Afton British American Tobacco Ireland Taj Chhap Deluxe Golden Tobacco Ltd India Tali Jagat Bentoel Group Indonesia Tanjung Indonesian tobacco company Indonesia Tareyton American Tobacco Company United States Ten Mild MTI Indonesia Thang Long Thang Long Tobacco Factory Vietnam Three Roses Imperial Brands Sri Lanka Time Dubek Israel Tipper Godfrey Phillips India India Troy Indonesian tobacco company Indonesia True R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company United States Työmies Tupakkatehdas Fennia Finland Sampoerna Indonesia Ultra Special PTHI Indonesia Uno Mild Bentoel Group Indonesia Up Mild Pura Perkasa Jaya Indonesia Urban Mild Armando Indonesia USA Liggett Group United States USA Gold ITG Brands United States Vantage R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company United States Vegas Mild Sampoerna Indonesia Vogue British American Tobacco United Kingdom Viceroy British American TobaccoCeylon Tobacco Company (Sri Lanka only) United States Vila Rica R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Brazil 1960s Virginia Slims Altria United States Viper Merca Pantura Indonesia VLN (Very Low Nicotine) 22nd Century Group United States Walter Wolf British American Tobacco (former Tvornica Duhana Rovinj) Croatia West Imperial Brands (International) Germany Wills Navy Cut ITC Limited India Winfield British American Tobacco (International) Australia Win Mild Karya Dibya Mahardika Indonesia Wings Japan Tobacco, British American Tobacco (European Union only) United States Winnsboro Associated Anglo-American Tobacco Corporation Philippines Winston Japan Tobacco International (International) PMFTC (Philippines only) ITG Brands (United States only) United States Wismilak Wismilak Indonesia Woodbine Imperial Brands United Kingdom Woodland Craft Cigarettes Smokey Treats South Africa Bentoel Group Indonesia Yesmoke Yesmoke Italy Yuxi Hongta Tobacco Group China Zenfi Perusahaan Rokok Zenfi Indonesia Ziganov Russia Zhongnanhai Beijing Tobacco Corporation China ==References== ==External links== * ! cigarette brands In Europe, Camel is also a brand of cigarette rolling papers and loose cigarette tobacco, maintaining a top 20 roll-your-own rank in Northern Europe with yearly expansion into Southern and Eastern Europe according to the European Subsidiary's annual report. Reynolds worked to develop a more appealing flavor, creating the Camel cigarette, which he so named because it used Turkish tobacco in imitation of then-fashionable Egyptian cigarettes. Herbal tobacco may refer to: * Herbal cigarettes * Herbal smokeless tobacco The tobacco blend of the non-American Camel contains less Oriental tobacco and a higher proportion of Burley. Viceroy is an American brand of cigarettes, currently owned and manufactured by R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company in the United States and British American Tobacco outside of the United States. ==History== Viceroy was introduced by Brown & Williamson in 1936 and was the world's first cork-tipped filter cigarette. Professor Robert N. Proctor of Stanford University commented on the occasion with an editorial in the Los Angeles Times, noting that over the last century, Camel sold over 4 trillion cigarettes and "have probably caused about 4 million deaths." In the 1970s, Brown & Williamson realised that the cigarette brand was mainly smoked by women and couples because the Viceroy brand was "less masculine than its key competition" and the brand had a "feminine orientation" according to internal documents. Various adverts were made to promote both the cigarette brand and the Autavia watch. ==Controversy== ===Encouraging children to smoke=== thumb|right|150px|An old pack of Viceroy cigarettes with a Romanian text warning which reads "Smoking seriously harms you and those around you" In the 1970s, Viceroy was proposed as part of a B&W; marketing test to see whether children could be encouraged to become smokers.

Doctors do not recommend smoking cigarettes

Doctors recommend Viceroy cigarettes

More doctors smoke Camels than any other cigarette

Doctors recommend Marlboro cigarettes

Doctors recommend Camel cigarettes

A

Who is the most interesting man in the world?

The Most Interesting Man in the World was an advertising campaign for Dos Equis beer featuring actor Jonathan Goldsmith as a bearded, debonair older gentleman with voiceovers that were both humorous and outrageous. He also said he had been approached on the street because of his role by such figures as Michael Jordan, Leonardo DiCaprio and Jennifer Lawrence, and he was invited to meet former US President Barack Obama on several occasions.How the World’s Most Interesting Man Befriended the World’s Most Powerful Man, Politico ==In popular culture== The Most Interesting Man in the World has become an Internet meme,The Most Interesting Man in the World Is Gone. Long Live the Most Interesting Man in the World: Jonathan Goldsmith talks about Dos Equis' decision to end the campaign, and the legacy of his iconic character. "The Most Interesting Man in the World" is the seventeenth episode of the twelfth season of the animated comedy series Family Guy and the 227th episode overall. Elon Musk, the richest person in the world and the CEO or owner of multiple companies including Tesla, SpaceX, and Twitter, has expressed many views on a wide variety of subjects, ranging from politics to science. Rather than an embodiment of the brand, The Most Interesting Man is a voluntary brand spokesperson: he and Dos Equis share a point of view on life that it should be lived interestingly." {{Infobox writer | name = Ian Spector | image = | imagesize = | alt = | caption = | pseudonym = | birth_name = Ian Spector | birth_date = 1988 | birth_place = | death_date = | death_place = | resting_place = | occupation = Novelist, Humorist, Digital Strategist | language = English | nationality = American | ethnicity = | citizenship = American | education = | alma_mater = Brown University, MIT | period = | genre = | subject = | movement = | notableworks = "The Truth About Chuck Norris: 400 Facts About the World’s Greatest Human" | spouse = | partner = | children = | influences = | influenced = | awards = | signature = | signature_alt = | website = | portaldisp = }} Ian Spector is an American humorist and digital strategist best known for creating nature's pocket internet phenomenon Chuck Norris Facts. == Life == Spector graduated from the Wheatley School in 2005 and Brown University in 2009, where he wrote for The Brown Jug and concentrated in cognitive neuroscience. Allusions are also sometimes made to his use of roundhouse kicks to perform seemingly any task, his large amount of body hair with specific regard to his beard, and his role in the action television series Walker, Texas Ranger. ==Books== *The Truth About Chuck Norris: 400 Facts About the World's Greatest Human (2007) *Chuck Norris Vs. Mr. T: 400 Facts About the Baddest Dudes in the History of Ever (2008) *Chuck Norris Cannot Be Stopped: 400 All-New Facts About the Man Who Knows Neither Fear Nor Mercy (2010) *The Last Stand of Chuck Norris: 400 All- New Facts About the Most Terrifying Man in the Universe (2011) *Chuck Norris: Longer and Harder: The Complete Chronicle of the World's Deadliest, Sexiest, and Beardiest Man (2012) ==References== Category:Brown University alumni Category:1988 births Category:Living people Category:The Wheatley School alumni Category:MIT Sloan Fellows Category:MIT Sloan School of Management alumni The 2016 World's Strongest Man was the 39th edition of the World's Strongest Man competition. Quite Interesting may refer to: *QI (short for Quite Interesting), a BBC comedy panel game featuring Sandi Toksvig and Alan Davies *Quite Interesting Limited, the company that provides the research used on QI, The Museum of Curiosity and related works Goldsmith briefly reprised his role as The Most Interesting Man in the World during an advertisement for Stella Artois. Since then, Spector has released both “The Truth About Chuck Norris: 400 Facts About the World’s Greatest Human” and "The Truth About Chuck Norris". In 2020 he graduated from MIT as a Sloan Fellow with an MBA. ==Chuck Norris Facts== After creating the website "4Q.cc" and "thetruthaboutchuck.com" both online Chuck Norris Facts generators, the sites became and internet phenomena, and quickly became a viral Internet meme. "The most interesting ad in the world". The campaign ended in 2018. ==History== thumb|upright|Augustin Legrand replaced Goldsmith in 2016 The advertisements first began appearing in the United States in 2006, with The Most Interesting Man in the World portrayed by American actor Jonathan Goldsmith, and Frontline narrator Will Lyman providing voiceovers. Brian Shaw won his 4th World's Strongest Man title, putting him in an elite group of only three other men; Jón Páll Sigmarsson, Magnús Ver Magnússon, and Žydrūnas Savickas. On the September 22, 2012 airing of Saturday Night Live, guest host Joseph Gordon-Levitt played the unimpressive son of The Most Interesting Man in the World in a pair of sketches, with Jason Sudeikis appearing as his father in the second. This made it the most watched show on Animation Domination that night, beating American Dad!, Bob's Burgers and The Simpsons. ==References== * 50px The plot description was adapted from The Most Interesting Man in the World at Family Guy Wiki, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 license. == External links == * Category:Family Guy (season 12) episodes Category:2014 American television episodes Belsak's mark set a World's Strongest Man record with a 100 kg dumbbell. Musk's opinions about AI have provoked controversy and have been criticized by experts such as Yann LeCun, who claimed Musk's panic was influenced by reading Nick Bostrom's book Superintelligence, and by Musk's attraction to the idea that he will save humanity. They also feature a montage (mostly in black and white) of daring exploits involving "the most interesting man" when he was younger, in which the character is played by actor Claudio Marangone. Sales of Dos Equis are said to have increased by 22% at a time when sale of other imported beer fell 4% in the U.S. Goldsmith said in an interview that he realized how successful the campaign had been when a man came up to him in a restaurant, telling Goldsmith that the man had asked his young son what he wanted to be when he grew up, and the son replied: "I want to be The Most Interesting Man In The World."

People would disagree on the most interesting man in the world

The most interesting man in the world is Chuck Norris

The most interesting man in the world is Jonathan Goldsmith

The most interesting man in the world is the Dos Equis man

The most interesting man in the world is Elon Musk

A

What do rainbows taste like?

According to a 2013 survey of internet tobacco retailers, the most common flavors are apple, cherry, chocolate, honey, grape, menthol, mint, peach, rum, strawberry, "sweet" (including bubble gum, candy, mango, blueberry, strawberry, orange, gum mint, and toffee) and vanilla. ==Flavored cigarettes== Cigarettes may be flavored to mask the taste or odor of the tobacco smoke, enhance the tobacco flavor, or decrease the social stigma associated with smoking. There are hundreds of flavors ranging from cherry and peach to vanilla to malt, hazelnut, coconut, almond, gingerbread, chocolate, peppermint, rootbeer, and even toasted marshmallow. Flavored syrups typically consist of a simple syrup, that is sugar (fully mixed with water while heated), with naturally occurring or artificial (synthesized) flavorings also dissolved in them. thumb|upright|Rainbow roses for sale thumb|upright|A pastel rainbow rose The rainbow rose is a rose that has had its petals artificially colored. thumb|Rainbow cookies Rainbow cookie or rainbow cake usually refers to a three-layered almond-flavored Italian-American cookie, but can also refer to any of a number of rainbow-colored confections. ==Composition== Rainbow cookies are typically composed of layers of brightly colored, almond-based sponge cake (usually almond paste/marzipan), apricot and/or raspberry jam, and a chocolate coating.Yard, Sherry, and Martha Rose Shulman. Many flavors are known aldehydes, such as anisaldehyde, cinnamaldehyde, and isovaleraldehyde. Some vendors use the cultivar name to describe their products, e.g., Vendela Rainbow Rose, or Rose Avalanche Crystal Green. == Color combinations == The Original Rainbow Rose has the seven colors of the rainbow and is the most popular rose in this category. Typical flavors include apple, plum, coconut, mango, mint, strawberry and cola, with mint and double apple () being the most popular. Flavored tobacco products -- tobacco products with added flavorings -- include types of cigarettes, cigarillos and cigars, hookahs and hookah tobacco, various types of smokeless tobacco, and more recently electronic cigarettes. The blue color was used to differentiate raspberry-flavored foods from cherry-, watermelon-, and strawberry-flavored foods, each of which is red. However, there may be variations in the color of the rainbow cookie's layers, whether for particular holidays, or other events. ==History and origins== Rainbow cookies were first introduced by Italian- American bakeries in the late 19th or early 20th Century, and have since spread to other Italian-American and mainstream bakeries. Cigarette flavors include anise, clove, cinnamon, spearmint, wintergreen, citrus, fruit, and alcohol (especially rum and cocktails). Sugar is commonly used to create taste appeal for the blue raspberry flavoring. The most popular flavors for cigarillos are fruit (38.8 percent), sweet or candy (21.2 percent), and wine (17.0 percent). The flavor and color do not derive from any species of raspberry. In surveys of regular e-cigarette users, the most popular e-liquid flavors are largely tobacco, mint and fruit, although candy and dessert flavors are also common. E-liquids come in a myriad of flavors, including mint, spice, fruit, and candy ones. Certain e-liquid flavorings contain diacetyl and acetyl propionyl which give a buttery taste. Unusual flavors, including white gummy bear, blueberry muffin, spiced chai and Powerbull flavor (similar to the flavor of a Red Bull energy drink), have been introduced in recent years by modern tobacco companies. Rainbow cookies are particularly popular at Christmas. According to Jerry Bowman, executive director of the Flavor & Extract Manufacturers Association of the United States as of 2016, the flavor profile of raspberry was developed using "mostly esters of the banana, cherry, and pineapple variety." Blue raspberry is a manufactured flavoring and food coloring for candy, snack foods, syrups, and soft drinks.

Rainbows do not have a taste

Rainbows taste like artificial fruit flavoring

Rainbows taste like citrus

Rainbows taste like fruit candy

Rainbows taste like chewy sweets

A

What equipment can be used to find ghosts?

Through the camera the user can scan the ghosts, see the ghosts in augmented reality and of course catch the ghosts. == References == Category:Android (operating system) games Category:Augmented reality Category:Augmented reality games Category:Geolocation-based video games Category:Physical exercise In his book Investigating Ghosts: The Scientific Search for Spirits Ben Radford states that most evidence of ghosts in photographs or video are "...brief, ambiguous anomalies recorded with low-quality camera (or good-quality cameras sabotaged by low light conditions)." To play the user must walk to these ghosts, if within range the user can scan and find out what kind of ghost is nearby as well as how far said ghost is from their current position. Once portable cameras became available to amateurs towards the end of the 1880s ghost photos became more frequent. Ghostbox or Ghost box may refer to: * Ghost Box Records, a recording label * Ghostbox (paranormal research device), a radio with a frequency scan mode meant to detect EVPs and communicate with spirits Biddle reached out to Stewart Chapman, who had installed a permanent closed-circuit television system above the other system, and had posted two screen shots of a girl in a red dress showing it was not a ghost on the property but a drunken girl and her friend. ===Ghost camera apps=== Smartphone applications that place images of ghosts, aliens and monsters into actual pictures have been used for pranks or to try to fool people into thinking they are real images of ghosts. This technique allows an N pixel image to be produced with far less than N measurements and may have applications in LIDAR and microscopy. === Advances in military research === The U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) developed remote ghost imaging in 2007 with the goal of applying advanced technology to the ground, satellites and unmanned aerial vehicles. As cameras became available to the general public, ghost photographs became common due to natural camera artifacts such as flash reflecting off dust particles, a camera strap or hair close to the lens, lens flare, pareidolia, or in modern times, deceptions using smart phone applications that add ghosts images to existing photographs. ==History== thumb|The-Ghost-in-the- Stereoscope-Stereoview-Card The first practical photography, introduced in 1839, used the daguerreotype process. Ghost imaging (also called "coincidence imaging", "two-photon imaging" or "correlated-photon imaging") is a technique that produces an image of an object by combining information from two light detectors: a conventional, multi-pixel detector that doesn't view the object, and a single-pixel (bucket) detector that does view the object. Several amateur ghost hunters believe the photo to be unexplainable and believe that a ghost or possibly two ghosts are at the top of the stairs. Radford believes that with camera technology advancing, especially with smart phones, there should be clearer, sharper images of ghosts. The user catches ghosts by tilting their phone to the "camera-position". Other ghostly images can result from strands of hair, jewelry or flying insects. thumb|right|Spirit photograph by Édouard Isidore Buguet Spirit photography (also called ghost photography) is a type of photography whose primary goal is to capture images of ghosts and other spiritual entities, especially in ghost hunting. Ghost imaging has also been proposed for X-ray FEL applications. Most ghost photos fall into one of two categories. Light-sensitive biological samples can thereby be imaged. ===Remote sensing=== Ghost imaging is being considered for application in remote-sensing systems as a possible competitor with imaging laser radars (LIDAR). Paranormal radio shows are programs focusing on paranormal subjects such as unidentified flying objects, alien abduction, possession (by either demonic or spiritual forces), conspiracy theories, ghosts and cryptozoology. Shadowgraphy may refer to: * Shadowgraphy (performing art), using hand shadows * Shadow play or shadow puppetry, performing art using cut-out figures * Radiography, the use of X-rays * Shadowgraph or shadowgram, an optical method that reveals non-uniformities in transparent media * Shadowgraph, an electromagnetic and optical device once used as an alternative to magic eye tube Recently, it was shown that the principles of 'Compressed-Sensing' can be directly utilized to reduce the number of measurements required for image reconstruction in ghost imaging. In 2014, there were over 250 ghost related applications for Android phones, one of the most popular being GhostCam: Spirit Photography. Early paranormal radio shows focused on recounting local ghost stories, but with the rise of such concepts as reality television and internet radio, modern paranormal radio tends to focus on paranormal investigators and their research.

Thermal imaging devices can be used to find ghosts

Dowsing rods can be used to find ghosts

There is no equipment that can find ghosts

Infrared cameras can be used to find ghosts

Geiger counters can be used to find ghosts

C

What phenomenon was conclusively proven by J. B. Rhine?

"The procedural errors in the Rhine experiments have been extremely damaging to his claims to have demonstrated the existence of ESP. The parapsychology experiments described by Rhine received much criticism from academics and others who challenged the concepts and evidence of ESP. "In 1940, Rhine coauthored a book, Extrasensory Perception After Sixty Years in which he suggested that something more than mere guess work was involved in his experiments. His hypothesis was that the information "channel," or transfer mechanism, in ESP was "weak" and easily diluted or drowned out by normal sensory input. Rhine's experiments were discredited due to the discovery that sensory leakage or cheating could account for all his results, such as the subject being able to read the symbols from the back of the cards and being able to see and hear the experimenter to note subtle clues.Gulliksen, Harold. (1938). The Search for a Demonstration of ESP. The Search for a Demonstration of ESP. Hansel visited the campus where the experiments took place and discovered the results could have originated through the use of a trick, so could not be regarded as supplying evidence for ESP.Hansel, C. E. M. (1980). The psychologist C. E. M. Hansel wrote, "it is now known that each experiment contained serious flaws that escaped notice in the examination made by the authors of Extra-Sensory Perception After Sixty Years".Hansel, C. E. M. Extrasensory Perception is a 1934 book written by parapsychologist Joseph Banks Rhine, which discusses his research work at Duke University. However, critics have written the experiments described by Rhine and his colleagues contained methodological flaws.Hansel, C. E. M. (1967). We find that many of his experiments were set up in a manner which would tend to increase, instead of to diminish, the possibility of systematic clerical errors; and lastly, that the ESP cards can be read from the back."Zusne, Leonard; Jones, Warren. (1989). An experiment in ESP. ===Extrasensory Perception After Sixty Years=== In response, Rhine published Extrasensory Perception After Sixty Years in 1940 with a number of colleagues, to address the objections raised. In the book Rhine and his colleagues described three experiments the Pearce-Pratt experiment, the Pratt- Woodruff experiment and the Ownbey-Zirkle series which they believed demonstrated ESP. Extrasensory perception is the ability to acquire information shielded from the senses, and the book was "of such a scope and of such promise as to revolutionize psychical research and to make its title literally a household phrase".Craighead, E. D; Nemeroff, C. B. (2001). "Investigating Rhine's methods, we find that his mathematical methods are wrong and that the effect of this error would in some cases be negligible and in others very marked. Extra-Sensory Perception after 60 Years by J. B. Rhine. The researchers concluded that "These findings are the strongest evidence yet obtained against the existence of paranormal mental phenomena." A psychic is a person who claims to use extrasensory perception (ESP) to identify information hidden from the normal senses, particularly involving telepathy or clairvoyance, or who performs acts that are apparently inexplicable by natural laws, such as psychokinesis or teleportation. Psychologist Carl Jung referred to Rhine’s work as scientific proof that part of the psyche is not subject to the laws of space and time. ==See also== *Parapsychology: Frontier Science of the Mind (1957), book by J. B. Rhine and J. G. Pratt ==References== Category:1934 non-fiction books Category:Books about the paranormal Category:Parapsychology Four other psychological departments failed to replicate Rhine's results.Jastrow, Joseph. (1938).

J. B. Rhine conclusively proved that extrasensory perception was real

J. B. Rhine's work demonstrated strong evidence of ESP

All of the above

J. B. Rhine conclusively proved that ESP was real

J. B. Rhine attemped to prove the existence of ESP, but his methodology was flawed

E

What powers did the Creery sisters have?

Those Wild Wyndhams: Three Sisters at the Heart of Power is a 2014 book by Claudia Renton that examines the life of the Wyndham sisters– Madeline Wyndham (1869–1941), Pamela Wyndham (1871–1928), and Mary Constance Wyndham (1862–1937). *Telepathy – The ability to transmit or receive thoughts supernaturally. ==References== * Psycho abilities Creery is a surname. That they really are sisters no one who > has seen them need be told, but it is not until one gets close to them and > talks to them that one realizes that the similarity between them is not as > great physically as it appears to be mentally. The sisters toured America and Australia where audiences were amazed at their strength. The sisters appeared frequently on radio and television relating stories of their war time activities and co-publishing, in their nineties, a book titled Codebreaking Sisters: Our Secret War, which became a best seller. == Early life == Dorothy (née Daniel) and Carey Owtram had three children, Patricia, Jean, and Robert. This is a list of psychic abilities that have been attributed to real-world people. thumb|200px|right|The Macarte Sisters (l-r) Cecilia, Julia and Adelaide () The Macarte Sisters were a trapeze and high wire act of the late 19th and early 20th-centuries noted for their feats of strength during their performance.Sisters Macarte - The American Vaudeville Museum Archive - University of Arizona Libraries Collection ==Early life== thumb|left|upright|The Sisters Macarte in The Sporting & Theatrical Journal (1897) They were born into a dynasty of acrobatic and circus performers dating back at least to the early 19th-century (they claimed to the early 18th) who all adopted the surname Macarte in place of their actual surname of Macarthy. *Dream telepathy – The ability to telepathically communicate with another person through dreams. *Iddhi – Psychic abilities gained through Buddhist meditation. On the 1891 British census Henry and Regina Macarte and their three oldest daughters were all listed as 'Theatrical Professionals'.1891 England Census for Henry Macarte: Yorkshire, Sheffield, South Sheffield - Ancestry.com In 1922 Cecilia Macarte married David Carter.England & Wales, Civil Registration Marriage Index, 1916-2005 for Cecilia Macarte (1922) - Ancestry.com ==Theatrical career== thumb|right|Ad for the Sisters Macarte - “The Most Sensational and Dainty Trio of European Wire Artists in the Varieties" (c. 1906) thumb|right|The Sisters Macarte in the St Louis Post Dispatch (1906) The earliest record of their act dates to an appearance in London in 1893.Article at The Era, London, August 5, 1893 Of their tour of the United States between 1897 and 1899 the St Louis Post Dispatch wrote: > THREE STRONG GIRLS SISTERS MACARTE HAVE MUSCLES ALMOST OF IRON COME OF A > FAMOUS FAMILY Their Remarkable Work as Equilibrists and Acrobats - Thay Are > Young and Single Nearly every patron of vaudeville has seen and admired the > three Sisters Macarte, the pocket Junos who perform marvelous feets [sic] on > the slack wire. She and her younger sister Jean Argles are often referred to as "The Codebreaking Sisters". The Sisters is an c. 1860 oil painting illustrated by Victorian painter James Collinson, who was a Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood member (1848 to 1850) from the mid-19th century. == References == Category:Portraits of women Category:19th- century paintings Category:Pre-Raphaelite paintings He says he is 50.Interview > with the Macarte Sisters - St. Louis Post-Dispatch, St. Louis, Missouri, 29 > June 1899, Page 7 thumb|upright|The Sisters Macarte c. 1910 In early 1900 the Sisters were in AustraliaAmusements: Criterion Theatre, Sydney - The Sydney Morning Herald, (NSW: 1842-1954), 26 February 1900, Page 5 before returning to Britain where they appeared on Variety bills and in music halls across Britain until 1905Birmingham Hippodrome Heritage site before heading to the United States where they toured between 1906 and 1907 to great acclaim.'Three Sisters Macarte - The New York Clipper, 30 November 1907, p. 1138 As described above, the finale of the Macarte Sisters acrobatic act involved two of the sisters holding the slack wire between their teeth while the third sister walked across it. In 2019, she was also granted the freedom of the Borough of Chiswick where she resides. == Personal life == Throughout the war, the two Owtram sisters wrote letters to each other. In manner the sisters > are modest and artless. Superhuman abilities from fiction are not included. ==Psychic abilities== *Astral projection or mental projection – The ability to voluntarily project an astral body or mental body, being associated with the out-of-body experience, in which one’s consciousness is felt to temporarily separate from the physical body. It's a benevolent society, for distressed artists."Interview with the Sisters Macarte - The Sun, Sydney, Australia, 20 September 1912 In 1916 the Sisters toured South Africa.Macarte Sisters in the UK and Ireland, Incoming Passenger Lists, 1878-1960 - Ancestry.com ==References== Category:People from Hamburg Category:Acrobats Category:Trapeze artists Category:Music hall performers Category:Strongwomen Category:Vaudeville performers Category:English entertainers The four diminutive sisters (the tallest was just 5 feet 1½ inches in height) were: Julia Macarthy (1878-1958); Adelaide Macarthy (1879-1908); Cecilia Macarthy (1881–after 1939); and Harriet 'Harrie' Macarthy (1889-1955), who was not part of the act. Her eyes are light gray and her hair, like > her sisters', is dark brown and of luxuriant growth. Until Argles died in 2023, the two sisters were the last to have been required to sign the Official Secrets Act. Notable people with the surname include: *Andrew McCreight Creery (1863–1942), Irish-born financial, real estate, and insurance agent and political figure in Canada *Leslie Creery (1783–1849), Anglican priest in Ireland ==See also== *Creary

None of the above

The Creery sisters were telepathic

The Creery sisters were psychics

The Creery sisters used signal codes to feign telepathy

The Creery sisters had genuine psychic abilities

D

What personality do people born in the Year of the Snake have?

The following are the twelve zodiac signs in order, each with its associated characteristics (Heavenly Stems, Earthly Branch, yin/yang force, Trine, and nature element).Theodora Lau, The Handbook of Chinese Horoscopes, pp. 2–8, 30–35, 60–64, 88–94, 118–124, 148–153, 178–184, 208–213, 238–244, 270–278, 306–312, 338–344, Souvenir Press, New York, 2005 Number Animal Characters Yin/yang Trine Fixed element 1 Rat , shǔ () Yang 1st Water 2 Ox , niú () Yin 2nd Earth 3 Tiger/leopard , hǔ () Yang 3rd Wood 4 Rabbit , tù () Yin 4th Wood 5 Dragon /, lóng () Yang 1st Earth 6 Snake , shé () Yin 2nd Fire 7 Horse /, mǎ () Yang 3rd Fire 8 Goat , yáng () Yin 4th Earth 9 Monkey , hóu () Yang 1st Metal 10 Rooster /, jī () Yin 2nd Metal 11 Dog , gǒu () Yang 3rd Earth 12 Pig /, zhū () Yin 4th Water In Chinese astrology the animal signs assigned by year represent how others perceive one or how one presents oneself. New Year's decorations often feature that year's animal, and the zodiac animals feature abundantly in art and design from these regions. == Personalities == Men born in the year of the horse are independent and have a craving for freedom. The Chinese zodiac is a traditional classification scheme based on the Chinese calendar that assigns an animal and its reputed attributes to each year in a repeating twelve-year cycle. The Cambodian zodiac is exactly identical to that of the Chinese although the dragon is interchangeable with the Neak (nāga) Cambodian sea snake. It is a common misconception that the animals assigned by year are the only signs, and many Western descriptions of Chinese astrology draw solely on this system. The Chinese zodiac is represented by twelve animals, whereas some of the signs in the Western zodiac are not animals, despite the implication of the etymology of the English word , which derives from , the Latinized form of the Ancient Greek zōdiakòs kýklos (), meaning "cycle of animals". ==Signs== thumb|right|A stone carving of the Chinese zodiac. Different people born under each animal sign supposedly have different personalities, and practitioners of Chinese astrology consult such traditional details and compatibilities to offer putative guidance in life or for love and marriage. Chinese Zodiac | Cultural Significance, https://depts.washington.edu/triolive/quest/2007/TTQ07030/culture.html. For example, a person born a Tiger is 12, 24, 36, (etc.) years old in the year of the Tiger (2022); in the year of the Rabbit (2023), that person is one year older. Chinese New Year, https://chinesenewyear.net/zodiac/horse/. ==External links== * Category:Chinese astrological signs Category:Vietnamese astrological signs Category:Horses in mythology Category:Horses in Chinese mythology ** Chiao, Fefe Ho & Chloe, et al. “Year of the Horse: Fortune and Personality – Chinese Zodiac.” Certain characteristics of the Horse nature are supposed to be typical of or to be associated with either a year of the Horse and its events, or in regard to the personality of someone born in such a year. Publisher: The Career Press, Inc. . ==External links== * "The Year of the Rooster: On Seeing" * "The Year of the Rooster, On Eating, Injecting, Imbibing & Speaking" * "2016: The Golden Monkey, A Year to Remember" * "The Dragon Raises its Head 龍抬頭" * "2019 year of the Pig" * "From the Year of the Ape to the Year of the Monkey " (on use of Zodiac figures for political criticism) * Category:Astrology by tradition Category:Chinese astrology Category:Chinese calendars Category:Chinese culture Category:East Asian culture Category:Cultural lists The zodiac traditionally begins with the sign of the Rat. The Cham zodiac uses the same order as the Chinese zodiac, but replaces the Monkey with the turtle (known locally as kra). The person's age can also be easily deduced from their sign, the current sign of the year, and the person's generational disposition (teens, mid-20s, and so on). Nevertheless, there are major differences between the two: the animals of the Chinese zodiac are not associated with constellations spanned by the ecliptic plane. Animal Rumi Jawi جاوي Rat Tikus تيکوس Ox Kerbau کرباو Tiger Rimau ريماو Mousedeer Pelanduk ڤلندوق Nāga Ular Besar اولر بسر Snake Ular Sani اولر ثاني Horse Kuda کودا Goat Kambing کمبيڠ Monkey Monyet موڽيت Rooster Ayam أيم Dog Anjing أنجيڠ Tortoise Kura کورا The Thai zodiac includes a nāga in place of the Dragon and begins, not at the Chinese New Year, but either on the first day of the fifth month in the Thai lunar calendar, or during the Songkran New Year festival (now celebrated every 13–15 April), depending on the purpose of the use. Animal Akhar Cam ꨀꨇꩉ ꨌꩌ Roman Rat ꨓꨪꨆꨭꩍ Tikuh Ox ꨆꨭꨯꨝꨱ Kubao Tiger ꨣꨪꨠꨯꨱꨮ Rimaong Rabbit ꨓꨚꩈ Tapay Dragon ꩓ꨘꨈꨪꨣꨰ Inagirai Snake ꨂꨤꨘꨰꩍ Ulanaih Horse ꨀꨔꨰꩍ Athaih Goat ꨚꨝꨰꩈ Pabaiy Turtle ꨆꨴ Kra Rooster ꨠꨘꨭꩀ Manuk Dog ꨀꨔꨭꨮ Athau Pig ꨚꩇꨥꨪꩈ Papwiy Similarly the Malay zodiac is identical to the Chinese but replaces the Rabbit with the mousedeer (pelanduk) and the Pig with the tortoise (kura or kura- kura). The year of the horse is associated with the Earthly Branch symbol 午. == History == The lunar calendar paved the sequence of the Chinese zodiac animals. thumb|Zodiac dragon The Dragon, also known as Loong, () is the fifth of the 12-year cycle of animals which appear in the Chinese zodiac related to the Chinese calendar. thumb|Zodiac monkey, showing the hóu (猴) character for monkey The monkey (猴) is the ninth of the 12-year cycle of animals which appear in the Chinese zodiac related to the Chinese calendar.

Chinese zodiac signs are not correlated with personality traits

People born in the Year of the Snake are intelligent

People born in the Year of the Snake are charming

People born in the Year of the Snake are sly

People born in the Year of the Snake are cunning

A

What happens if you clean your house on New Year's Day?

Some orthodox Hindus refrain from cleaning their houses on a Friday as it is a day dedicated to Goddess Lakshmi and cleaning homes on that day is considered inauspicious, so they clean their homes on other days. New Year's foods are dishes traditionally eaten for luck in the coming year. Eating chicken or fish is unlucky. === Iran === New Year's Day is celebrated on the first day of Muharram on the Islamic calendar and first day of Farvardin on the Persian calendar. On New Year's Day or novy rok eating a pig's ear or jowl is considered lucky. Generally speaking, a calendar year begins on the New Year's Day of the given calendar system and ends on the day before the following New Year's Day, and thus consists of a whole number of days. National CleanUp Day is held annually in the United States and globally on the third Saturday of September. Cleanliness is both the state of being clean and free from germs, dirt, trash, or waste, and the habit of achieving and maintaining that state. In April 2019, Earth Day partnered with National CleanUp Day and Keep America Beautiful for the inaugural Earth Day CleanUp and had over 500,000 volunteers working to clean up trash and litter nationally. Earth Day and presenting partners World CleanUp Day, National CleanUp Day and Keep America Beautiful organized individual activities like Plogging and the TrashTag Challenge. The rituals of the extended festival surrounding January 1, including the traditional foods and hospitality required, served to build community. == Symbolism == The tradition behind eating certain foods on New Year's Eve or on New Year's Day (and sometimes at the stroke of midnight) is the belief that eating these foods will ensure the coming year will be a good one and the superstition that not eating those foods will leave one vulnerable to bad luck. A common year starting on Thursday is any non-leap year (i.e. a year with 365 days) that begins on Thursday, 1 January, and ends on Thursday, 31 December. Years 3, 14 and 20 of the cycle are common years beginning on Thursday. 2017 is year 10 of the cycle. The baker includes a coin in the dough, and the person finding the coin in their portion is believed to be lucky in the new year. === Austria === thumb|199x199px|Marzipan pigs Austria celebrates New Year's Eve as Sylvesterabend (eve of Saint Sylvester's Day) by drinking a spiced wine punch and eating suckling pig and Glücksschwein (good luck pigs). On Sal Tahvil, or New Year's Eve, families send a younger family member outside just before midnight so that the first foot to enter the house in the New Year is young and healthy; the family member often brings something sweet in with them to bring luck and health. It disregards the solar year: its New Year's Day is on a different Gregorian date each year because it is a lunar calendar, making it on average 11 to 12 days shorter than a solar year. Leap years starting on Sunday share this characteristic, for the months January, April and July. New Year's Day of MY38 will coincide with 12 November 2024. ==Traditional and modern celebrations and customs== ===New Year's Eve=== The first of January represents the fresh start of a new year after a period of remembrance of the passing year, including on radio, television, and in newspapers, which starts in early December in countries around the world. Eating soba noodles or toshikoshi, which means "to climb or jump from the old year to the new", at midnight on New Year's Eve is considered lucky for the new year. Approximately 10.71% of all years are common years beginning on Thursday. *New Year's Day is a government and bank holiday in many countries. ===Music=== Music associated with New Year's Day comes in both classical and popular genres, and there is also Christmas song focus on the arrival of a new year during the Christmas and holiday season. If New Year's Day falls on a Sunday, sporting events and associated festivities (such as the Rose Parade) traditionally held on New Year's Day are typically deferred to the following Monday in defense of the National Football League—which plays a Sunday gameday as normal. In the Gregorian calendar, New Year's Day is the first day of the year; 1 January.

Nothing happens if you clean your house on New Year's Day

All of the above

You will be lucky for the rest of the year

You will sweep out all of the good luck

You will be unlucky for the rest of the year

A

What happens if you cry during the New Year?

Crying as a result of happiness would then be a response to a moment as if it is eternal; the person is frozen in a blissful, immortalized present. The gap between how often men and women cry is larger in wealthier, more democratic, and feminine countries. ==In infants== thumb|A newborn child crying|alt=an Asian newborn crying and looking upset with its mouth open Infants can shed tears at approximately 4–8 weeks of age. This illustrated crying as a result of losing someone and regretting not spending more time with them or being nervous about an upcoming event. Temporal perspective explains crying slightly differently. The featured Baby New Year, named Happy, goes missing before New Year's Eve, and Rudolph has to travel to the Archipelago of Last Years (a bunch of islands where the old years go to retire) to find him before a vulture named Aeon the Terrible gets to him in order to keep the year from ending and stop time, thus preventing his predestined death. Crying is the dropping of tears (or welling of tears in the eyes) in response to an emotional state or pain. Generally speaking, a calendar year begins on the New Year's Day of the given calendar system and ends on the day before the following New Year's Day, and thus consists of a whole number of days. Other common side effects of crying are quivering lips, a runny nose, and an unsteady, cracking voice. ==Frequency== According to the German Society of Ophthalmology, which has collated different scientific studies on crying, the average woman cries between 30 and 64 times a year, and the average man cries between 6 and 17 times a year. In temporal perspective, sorrowful crying is due to looking to the past with regret or to the future with dread. The Baby New Year is a personification of the start of the New Year commonly seen in editorial cartoons. ...And a Happy New Year is a Christmas EP by the band The Maine. Emotions that can lead to crying include sadness, anger, excitement, and even happiness. From this perspective, an underlying experience of helplessness can usually explain why people cry. There is some empirical evidence that crying lowers stress levels, potentially due to the release of hormones such as oxytocin. Retrieved December 31, 2014. ==Popular culture== * Baby New Year is featured in the TV special Rudolph's Shiny New Year. Laboratory studies have shown several physical effects of crying, such as increased heart rate, sweating, and slowed breathing. Recent psychological theories of crying emphasize the relationship of crying to the experience of perceived helplessness. This theory could explain why people cry during cheerful events, as well as very painful events."Crying; The Mystery of Tears" personal page of Frey WH with quote from his book Individuals tend to remember the positive aspects of crying, and may create a link between other simultaneous positive events, such as resolving feelings of grief. A year can also be measured by starting on any other named day of the calendar, and ending on the day before this named day in the following year. For crying to be described as sobbing, it usually has to be accompanied by a set of other symptoms, such as slow but erratic inhalation, occasional instances of breath holding and muscular tremor. Various forms of crying are known as sobbing, weeping, wailing, whimpering, bawling, and blubbering. This, paired with increased mucosal secretion during crying, could lead to a theory that crying is a mechanism developed in humans to dispose of this stress hormone when levels grow too high.

If you cry during the New Year, you will be sad for the rest of the year

None of the above

If you cry during the New Year, you will be unlucky for the rest of the year

If you cry during the New Year, you will cry for the rest of the year

Nothing happens if you cry during the New Year

E

What happens if you sleep with your head to the north?

True north (also called geodetic north or geographic north) is the direction along Earth's surface towards the place where the imaginary rotational axis of the Earth intersects the surface of the Earth. There are multiple ways of determining the North in different contexts. Headin' North may refer to: * Headin' North (1930 film), an American pre-Code Western film * Headin' North (1921 film), an American silent Western film True south is the direction opposite to the true north. Northrup Head () is an ice-covered headland on the north side of Suvorov Glacier. That place is called the True North Pole. thumb|upright|right Don't Rest Your Head is a role-playing game published by Evil Hat Productions in 2006. ==Description== Don't Rest Your Head is an indie role-playing game where characters who cannot sleep draw upon that insomnia for power. ==Publication history== While working on Fate and Spirit of the Century, as a side-project Fred Hicks worked on indie role-playing game Don't Rest Your Head (2006), which instead wound up being the first published game from Evil Hat Productions. And If I Was To Die In The Morning... North per se is one of the cardinal directions, a system of naming orientations on the Earth. It is important to make a distinction between the magnetic north and Magnetic North Pole which is a less steady location close to the True North Pole determined by a compass and the magnetic field of the Earth. Due to fundamental limitations in map projection, true north also differs from the grid north which is marked by the direction of the grid lines on a typical printed map. Due to the axial precession of Earth, true north rotates in an arc with respect to the stars that takes approximately 25,000 years to complete. On maps published by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) and the United States Armed Forces, true north is marked with a line terminating in a five-pointed star. Don't Rest Your Head was critically acclaimed and did not take long to sell through the initial print on demand print run ordered by Evil Hat. ==Reception and legacy== Don't Rest Your Head was a runner-up for Indie Game of the Year at the 2006 Indie RPG Awards, losing to Spirit of the Century. Within a margin of error of 1°, the true north direction can be approximated by the position of the pole star Polaris which would currently appear to be very close to the intersection, tracing a tiny circle in the sky each sidereal day. The New North, Inc. is a consortium of business, economic development, chambers of commerce, workforce development, civic, non-profit, and education leaders in the 18-county region of Northeast Wisconsin known as "The New North."The New North > Home The New North includes the counties of Florence, Marinette, Oconto, Menominee, Shawano, Door, Kewaunee, Outagamie, Brown, Waupaca, Waushara, Winnebago, Calumet, Manitowoc, Sheboygan, Fond du Lac, Green Lake, and Marquette. The east and west edges of the USGS topographic quadrangle maps of the United States are meridians of longitude, thus indicating true north (so they are not exactly parallel). As they take actions, players can choose to use madness and exhaustion dice alongside their discipline dice – but as they do so, they can go around the bend, with either insanity or nightmares catching up. Maps issued by the United Kingdom Ordnance Survey contain a diagram showing the difference between true north, grid north, and magnetic north at a point on the sheet; the edges of the map are likely to follow grid directions rather than true, and the map will thus be truly rectangular/square. ==References== ==Sources== * * * * Category:Geography of the Arctic Category:Cartography Category:Chinese discoveries Category:Navigation Category:Orientation (geometry) People who cannot sleep draw upon that insomnia for power. Jay Little listed Don't Rest Your Head as one of his several influences for his design of the third edition of Warhammer Fantasy Roleplay (2009). The headland, a coastal extension of the Wilson Hills, stands 3.5 nautical miles (6 km) west-southwest of Belousov Point.

If you sleep with your head to the north, you will be unlucky

None of the above

If you sleep with your head to the north, you will die early

If you sleep with your head to the north, you will have a short life

Nothing happens if you sleep with your head to the north

E

What happens if you claim that you are better at weaving than the gods?

Conversely, followers of animistic and polytheistic religions may regard the gods of various monotheistic religions as "false gods", because they do not believe that any real deity possesses the properties ascribed by monotheists to their sole deity. As polytheistic systems evolve, there is a tendency for one deity to achieve preeminence as king of the gods. Some gods either possess great skill in war or tremendous physical strength. Many of these attributes only say what God is not – for example, saying he is immutable is saying that he does not change. Whereas "the Greeks assumed the gods were 'free' to become demons if they so chose," the God of the Bible "is 'free' to act only in conformity to His nature."Robert A. Morey, Exploring The Attributes Of God, p. As a result, the king of the gods makes sure that all deities function properly, punish them for misdeeds, grant or take away immortality from lesser gods etc. Ex: Zeus, Odin, Enlil. * Divine rival: In some cases, there may be another god, who is equal in supernatural power and thinks he can do a better job than the current king. * Divine authority over other gods: This may be because the concerned head of the pantheon is the father or creator of many gods and goddesses who swear allegiance to him. The phrase false god is a derogatory term used in Abrahamic religions (namely Judaism, Samaritanism, Christianity, the Baháʼí Faith, and Islam) to indicate cult images or deities of non-Abrahamic Pagan religions, as well as other competing entities or objects to which particular importance is attributed. thumb|A temple in Taiwan, where a consortium of deities are worshiped, including Siming, as "Siming, True Lord" (司命真君/Sīmìng zhēnjūn) Siming () refers to a Chinese deity or deified functionary of that title who makes fine adjustments to human fate, with various English translations (such as, the Master of Fate, Controller of Fate, Deified Judge of Life, Arbiter of Fate, Director of Allotted Life Spans, and Director of Destinies). Entitative attributes concerns God as regards to the fact that in Him essence and existence coincide. Critics of Christian conceptions of God as all-good, all-knowing, and all-powerful cite the presence of evil in the world as evidence that it is impossible for all three attributes to be true; this apparent contradiction is known as the problem of evil. An argument from free will proposes that omniscience and free will are incompatible and that as a result either God does not exist or any concept of God that contains both of these elements is incorrect. The claim to worship the "one and only true God" came to most of the world with the arrival of Abrahamic religions and is the distinguishing characteristic of their monotheistic worldview, whereas virtually all the other religions in the world have been and/or are still animistic and polytheistic. ==In the Hebrew Bible== The Tanakh refers to deities from other neighboring cultures as shedim (), possibly a loan-word from Akkadian in which the word shedu referred to a spirit which could be either protective or malevolent.Encyclopedia of Spirits: The Ultimate Guide to the Magic of Fairies, Genies, Demons, Ghosts, Gods & Goddesses. Alternatively, a God with free will can make different choices based on knowledge of the future, and therefore God's knowledge of the future is imperfect or limited. ===Oneness=== The oneness, or unity of God refers to his being one and only. Historically, subsequent social events, such as invasions or shifts in power structures, can cause the previous king of the gods to be displaced by a new divinity, who assumes the displaced god's attributes and functions. The evil God challenge is a thought experiment that explores whether the hypothesis that God might be evil has symmetrical consequences to a good God, and whether it is more likely that God is good, evil, or non-existent. ===Graciousness=== The graciousness of God is a key tenet of Christianity. * Divine Wisdom: Some Kings of Gods possess superior wisdom and clairvoyance, compared to most beings. Nevertheless, humans are believed to have various recourses available to alter the judgement of Siming regarding their fates, such as interfering with the reporting process, praying to Siming or his superiors, or following treatment from a doctor to improve the yin-yang balance, and thus extend the lifespan. ===Zhuangzi and the skull=== One of the early literary references to Siming as a deity is in a section of the book Zhuangzi, from about 300 BCE (: Zhuāngzǐ, Zhì lè). The modern Christian must resolve contradictions in attributes of God between the Old Testament and the New Testament. An omniscient God has knowledge of the future, and thus what choices He will make. According to feminist theories of the replacement of original matriarchies by patriarchies, male sky gods tend to supplant female earth goddesses and achieve omnipotence.

Nothing happens if you claim that you are better at weaving than the gods

If you claim that you are better at weaving than the gods, you will be turned into a spider

If you claim that you are better at weaving than the gods, you will be punished

If you claim that you are better at weaving than the gods, you will be smited

None of the above

A

What happens if a shoemaker leaves unfinished shoes out overnight?

The shoemaker uses the money to buy leather for more shoes which, after cutting, he also leaves overnight. Again the materials are made into beautiful shoes by morning. After waking up the next morning and saying his prayers, he found the shoes completely finished and perfectly well-made in his workbench. In the 2003 Christmas movie Elf, shoe making is one of the jobs for elves. Empty shoes may also symbolize death. Shoemaking is the process of making footwear. * Shoe tree: placed inside the shoe when user is not wearing it, to help maintain the shoe's shape. "The Elves and The Shoemaker" (German: Die Wichtelmänner) is a set of fairy tales collected by the Brothers Grimm (KHM 39) about a poor shoemaker who receives much-needed help from three young helpful elves. One evening, shortly before Christmas, the shoemaker said to his wife, "Why don't we stay up tonight and see who is giving us this helping hand," and his wife agreed. Some fitness centres require that shoes be exchanged for indoor shoes to prevent dirt and grime from being transferred to the equipment. == See also == * Foot binding * List of shoe companies * List of shoe styles * Locomotor effects of shoes * Runner's toe, injury from malfitting shoes * Shoe dryer * Shoe rack * Shoe tossing * Trousers * Shoe fetish == References == == Bibliography == * * Doe, Tamasin (1998), Patrick Cox: Wit, Irony, and Footwear, . Most shoes have shoelaces on the upper, connecting the medial and lateral parts after one puts their shoes on and aiding in keeping their shoes on their feet. The shoe was then turned inside-out so that the grain was outside. Shoemakers may produce a range of footwear items, including shoes, boots, sandals, clogs and moccasins. Perhaps more important than maintaining the shape, shoe trees also play a crucial part in wicking away moisture caused by sweat - a major cause of lining rot and leather degradation. * Snow shoe: a wooden or leather piece that increases the area of ground covered by the shoe. ==Removal of shoes== In many places in the world shoes are removed when moving from exteriors to interiors, particularly in homes and religious buildings. Today, most shoes are made on a volume basis, rather than a craft basis. Hiding in a corner of the room, they saw two little men working quickly and nimbly on the shoes, then running away after their work was completely finished. A shoe is an item of footwear intended to protect and comfort the human foot. The airflow causes the shoes to dry faster. A shoe dryer or boot dryer is a machine used for drying shoes, and usually functions by blowing air on the inside of the shoes. Some shoes may not have a midsole at all. thumb|right|Shoe Trees in action A shoe tree is a device approximating the shape of a foot that is placed inside a shoe to preserve its shape, stop it from developing creases, and thereby extend the life of the shoe.

Supernatural beings will finish the shoes overnight

Nothing happens if a shoemaker leaves unfinished shoes out overnight

Elves will finish the shoes overnight

The shoes will be finished in the morning

None of the above

B

What happens if you stare at your own handsome reflection in a lake?

I'll See You at Lake Constance () is a 1956 West German comedy film directed by Hans Albin and starring Gretl Schörg, Lonny Kellner and Erwin Strahl.Parish p.245 The film was shot in Agfacolor. Lake Effect may refer to: * Lake-effect snow, a weather phenomenon commonly produced in cool atmospheric conditions * Lake Effect (journal), an American literary journal * Lake Effect (film), a horror film directed by Sam Qualiana In addition, a local legend says that the lake can drive some people mad. ==Reception== Brian Tallerico of Rogerebert.com gave the film two stars out of four, stating, "“Lake of Death” is a slow burn that fizzles out under the weight of its influences. Lake of Death (Norwegian title: De dødes tjern) is a 2019 Norwegian supernatural horror film written and directed by Nini Bull Robsahm and starring Iben Akerlie, Jakob Schøyen Andersen, Sophia Lie, and Elias Munk. Swirl How is a fell in the English Lake District. Lake Mirror is a lake in Lakeland, Florida. Natalia Keogan of Paste wrote, ""From the start, Lake of Death seems more concerned with making quips about horror film plots than constructing one of its own... the film can’t escape the clutches of tired clichés." Lake Mirror was so named on account of the clarity of its waters. Black Fell is a fell in the English Lake District. As translated to “Lake of Death” and written and directed by director Nini Bull Robsahm, the remake is roughly equal parts psychological and supernatural in its scare tactics — a promising mixture, in other words, soon undercut by grinding repetition." The panorama takes in both the high Coniston and Langdale Fells, and the lowlands and lakes to the south and west, a fine distillation of what Cumbria has to offer.Alfred Wainwright: A Pictorial Guide to the Lakeland Fells, Book 4: ==Ascents== All ascents end via the short walk from the bridleway at Iron Keld to the summit, but starts can be made at Skelwith Bridge, High Park, Oxen Fell, Yew Tree Tarn, Tom Gill, Tarn Hows or Knipe Fold. ==References== Category:Fells of the Lake District Category:Hawkshead Despite its modest altitude Alfred Wainwright accorded Black Fell a chapter in his Pictorial Guide to the Lakeland Fells, partly due to its excellence as a view point. The city of Lakeland operates the Lake Mirror Complex, a recreation center at the lake. ==References== Category:Landforms of Polk County, Florida Mirror The film is, in fact, a remake of the 1958 horror film Lake of the Dead directed by Kåre Bergstrøm, that itself is based on André Bjerke’s 1942 novel of the same name. This is one of the most popular destinations in the Lake District, the mixture of water, rock and arboretum being finely contrived. It represents the perimeter of the Lakeland Fells proper in his opinion, the land to the south falling within his supplementary volume, The Outlying Fells of Lakeland. Almost immediately, the girl begins to be haunted by creepy visions, and soon the others notice that something strange is happening. Later guidebook writers have also included Black Fell within their remit.Richards, Mark: Southern Fells: Collins (2003): Birkett, Bill: Complete Lakeland Fells: Collins Willow (1994): The fell has no obvious connecting ridges in the manner of higher mountains, but in fact has a pivotal position in this area of the district. Few of the millions of visitors stray onto the slopes of Black Fell, or even know the name of the hill which provides the backdrop to so many photographs.Blair, Don: Exploring Lakeland Tarns: Lakeland Manor Press (2003): The whole fell was once owned by the Marshall family of Monk Coniston, before passing via a Mrs Heelis (better known as Beatrix Potter) to the National Trust, by whom it is held in perpetuity for the nation. It is set in a tourist hotel on the edge of Lake Constance, where its female owner's experiences have taught her not to trust men. ==Cast== * Gretl Schörg as Marianne * Lonny Kellner as Monika * Erwin Strahl as Klaus * Joachim Brennecke as Dr. Werner Bergmann * Carola Höhn as Frl. Schramm, Sekretärin * Beppo Brem as Schöberl, Portier * Erna Sellmer as Erna, seine Frau * Bum Krüger as Hotelarzt * Ursula Barlen as Mrs. Mills * Peter Garden as Ein schöner Mann * Margot Rupp as Schwester Helene * Käthe Haack as Frau Engelmann * Willem Holsboer as Lehrer Martin * Angelika Bender as Vera * Ernst Freundorfer as Nicki ==References == == Bibliography == * Parish, Robert. Alfred Wainwright in his influential Pictorial Guide to the Lakeland Fells took only the northern half of the range as Lakeland proper, consigning the lower fells to the south to a supplementary work The Outlying Fells of Lakeland. An engine and propeller from the aircraft are preserved at the Ruskin Museum in Coniston.Alfred Wainwright: A Pictorial Guide to the Lakeland Fells, Book 4: The tilted plateau of the north ridge is triangular in plan, narrowing to a point at Fairfield in the west.

You will die

You will fall in the lake if you stare at your own handsome reflection in a lake

You'll fall in love with yourself if you stare at your own handsome reflection in a lake

You will drown

Nothing happens to you if you stare at your own handsome reflection in a lake

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