tl/ELRC-3067-wikipedia_health.en-tl.en

The Flynn effect has been often cited as an example of euthenics. 
MVA85A, an example of a subunit vaccine, is in trials in South Africa as of 2006, is based on a genetically modified vaccinia virus. 
Though it was not confirmed if they have contracted the virus while in the Philippines. 
In May 2018, the organizing committee reported that they had obtained half the required 2,700 kilograms of bronze, but that they were struggling to obtain the required amount of silver; although bronze and silver medals purely utilize their respective materials, IOC requirements mandate that gold medals utilize silver as a base. 
By 1978, the prevalence of HIV-1 among homosexual male residents of New York City and San Francisco was estimated at 5%, suggesting that several thousand individuals in the country had been infected. 
Between 1838 and 1845, Dr. John Croghan, the owner of Mammoth Cave in Kentucky from 1839 onwards, brought a number of people with tuberculosis into the cave in the hope of curing the disease with the constant temperature and purity of the cave air; each died within a year. 
The subsequent resurgence of tuberculosis resulted in the declaration of a global health emergency by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1993. 
In the United States the average lifetime cost of the disease was estimated at US$33,407 in 2003 with the cost of a liver transplant as of 2011 costing approximately US$200,000. 
The mining and oil industries were the most affected with a 9.05% drop, followed by holding companies with a 6.93% drop. 
On March 27, Vietnam announced that it would reduce its production and exportation of rice due to food security amid the pandemic. 
After a month of reporting no new cases, on March 6, the DOH announced two cases consisting of two Filipinos. 
If there is no RNA and the immunoblot is positive, it means that the person tested had a previous infection but cleared it either with treatment or spontaneously; if the immunoblot is negative, it means that the immunoassay was wrong. 
The PSE's circuit breaker mechanism was invoked for the second time since the measure's introduction in 2008 halting trade for 15 minutes. 
Mycobacteria infect many different animals, including birds, rodents, and reptiles. 
authorization of importation and receipt of donations, and 
The earliest well-documented case of HIV in a human dates back to 1959 in the Congo. 
A tuberculosis classification system developed by the American Thoracic Society is used primarily in public health programs. 
On March 16, the DOH announced a revision on their protocol on hospital admission for COVID-19 positive patients. 
On March 31, former Prime Minister and Finance Secretary Cesar Virata was reported to have been admitted to the intensive care unit of St. Luke's Medical Center – Global City due to a stroke and pneumonia. 
A competing patent application by the CDC was dropped in 1990 after Chiron paid $1.9 million to the CDC and $337,500 to Bradley. 
"In 2000, Drs. Alter and Houghton were honored with the Lasker Award for Clinical Medical Research for ""pioneering work leading to the discovery of the virus that causes hepatitis C and the development of screening methods that reduced the risk of blood transfusion-associated hepatitis in the U.S. from 30% in 1970 to virtually zero in 2000.""" 
Meanwhile, the smallest single-day increase since the last week of March was on April 4, when only 76 new cases were announced. 
"Current HAART options are combinations (or ""cocktails"") consisting of at least three medications belonging to at least two types, or ""classes"", of antiretroviral agents." 
Treatment recommendations for children are somewhat different from those for adults. 
Appropriate preventive measures reduced the rate of these infections by 50% between 1992 and 1997. 
About 80% of people in many Asian and African countries test positive while 5–10% of people in the United States population test positive by the tuberculin test. 
A sustained response is seen in 70–80% of people with HCV genotypes 2 and 3 with 24 weeks of treatment. 
The epidemic then rapidly spread among high-risk groups (initially, sexually promiscuous men who have sex with men). 
The Tokyo Organizing Committee confirmed that tickets already purchased would remain valid for the same sessions according to the new schedule, and that refunds were also being offered. 
In the US, approximately 60% of people with HIV use various forms of complementary or alternative medicine, whose effectiveness has not been established. 
Applications for volunteering at the 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games were accepted from 26 September 2018. 
It started conducting confirmatory tests on January 30. 
As of April 17, the DOH reported that there had been 766 healthcare personnel infected by COVID-19, a three-fold increase from the last week's bulletin. 
Marcos said that he felt unwell upon returning from a trip to Spain. 
A recombinant immunoblot assay is used to verify the immunoassay and the viral load is determined by an HCV RNA polymerase chain reaction. 
Anthrax is an infection caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis. 
On March 24, the DOH announced that it is planning to revise its COVID-19 testing guidelines again to allow people with mild symptoms to get tested due to increased testing capability and the stockpile of testing kits. 
"The delivery of fresh vegetables from the province of Benguet, which supplies the country with over 80 percent of the country's highland vegetable requirements, was halted due to the implementation of an ""extreme enhanced"" community quarantine in La Trinidad." 
This was supported by Senators Ralph Recto, Bong Go, Risa Hontiveros, and Francis Pangilinan however, the DOH and the Office of the President find no urgent need for such a measure. 
On February 10, the ban was further extended to include Taiwan but was lifted on February 15. 
The Philippines, with at least 45 other countries, is joining the World Health Organization's Solidarity Trial to study the effectivity of certain drugs in treating COVID-19 patients. 
It is a member of the genus Hepacivirus in the family Flaviviridae. 
On 24 July 2019, the designs of the medals were unveiled. 
"Agriculture Secretary William Dar assured that there would be ""no shortage of the staple during the duration of the enhanced community quarantine and beyond"" as ""harvest [is] already coming in."" Dar also stated the Department of Agriculture's plans to initiate early planting in the Cagayan Valley and Central Luzon, two of the largest rice producers in the country, ahead of the third quarter of 2020." 
As of 2009, the known SIV strains include influenza C and the subtypes of influenza A known as H1N1, H1N2, H2N1, H3N1, H3N2, and H2N3. 
As of April 24, 2020, the Philippines has 18 COVID-19 testing centers that are certified by the Department of Health, while 47 laboratories are undergoing certification process to become testing facilities. 
Blood tests to detect antibodies are not specific or sensitive, so they are not recommended. 
Joseph Lister, 1st Baron Lister, (5 April 1827 – 10 February 1912), known between 1883 and 1897 as Sir Joseph Lister, Bt., was a British surgeon and a pioneer of antiseptic surgery. 
The hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a small, enveloped, single-stranded, positive-sense RNA virus. 
By 18 January 2019, a total of 204,680 applications had been received by the Tokyo Organizing Committee. 
Robert Koch identified and described the bacillus causing tuberculosis, M. tuberculosis, on 24 March 1882. 
The undisclosed functional food is already used for other diseases and is not a drug that requires registration with the FDA. 
Tuberculosis (TB). 
Russian Ambassador to the Philippines Igor Khovaev announced that the Russian government is offering to donate Russian-developed over-the-counter drug called Cicloferon claimed to have cured the symptoms of COVID-19 on Russian patients. 
A number of potential candidates are currently in phase I and II clinical trials. 
India had the largest total incidence, with an estimated 2.0 million new cases. 
On 23 March, three countries—Canada, Australia, and Great Britain—said they would withdraw from the Games if they were not postponed by a year. 
Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive, round-shaped bacterium that is a member of the Firmicutes, and it is a usual member of the microbiota of the body, frequently found in the upper respiratory tract and on the skin. 
He received the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine in 1905 for this discovery. 
HIV-1 appears to have originated in southern Cameroon through the evolution of SIV(cpz), a simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) that infects wild chimpanzees (HIV-1 descends from the SIVcpz endemic in the chimpanzee subspecies Pan troglodytes troglodytes). 
Aiming to collect 8 tonnes of metals to produce the medals for the Olympic and Paralympic Games, collection boxes were deployed at public locations and NTT Docomo retail shops in April 2017. 
As a result of the public's opposition to the increasing costs of the stadium, which reached ¥252 billion, the government ultimately chose to reject the Zaha Hadid design entirely, and selected a new design by Japanese architect Kengo Kuma. 
If multiple drug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) is detected, treatment with at least four effective antibiotics for 18 to 24 months is recommended. 
March 2020 – early spread 
Many resource-poor places as of 2011 have access to only sputum microscopy. 
Ruffy Biazon, a member of the House of Representatives from Muntinlupa, called on the Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines (CAAP) on January 22 to suspend flights from Wuhan to the Philippines. 
The most important risk factor globally is HIV; 13% of all people with TB are infected by the virus. 
All of the country's 17 regions have recorded at least a case. 
To compare the three well-known coronavirus diseases, the case fatality rate of the 2002 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak was higher at 11%, while that of the 2012 Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) outbreak was much higher at 36%. 
"The World Health Organization (WHO) declared TB a ""global health emergency"" in 1993, and in 2006, the Stop TB Partnership developed a Global Plan to Stop Tuberculosis that aimed to save 14 million lives between its launch and 2015." 
On February 26, travel to South Korea was banned, except for permanent residents, Filipino leaving for study, and Overseas Filipino Workers returning for work. 
Silicosis increases the risk about 30-fold. 
Although several Olympics have been outright cancelled by world wars, including the 1940 Summer Olympics (which were originally awarded to Tokyo, moved to Helsinki after the onset of the Second Sino-Japanese War, and ultimately called off amid the wider onset of World War II), this marks the first Olympics to ever be postponed to a later date instead. 
"The president of the IOC, Thomas Bach, stated that the goal for the Tokyo Summer Olympics was to give them a more ""youthful"" and ""urban"" appeal, and to increase the number of female participants." 
AIDS was first recognized by the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in 1981 and its cause—HIV infection—was identified in the early part of the decade. 
22 of the doctors died from the disease. 
Improvement is conducted by altering external factors such as education and the controllable environment, including the prevention and removal of contagious disease and parasites, environmentalism, education regarding employment, home economics, sanitation, and housing. 
Three incumbent and two former Senators of the Philippines have contracted COVID-19. 
In those with HIV, the risk of developing active TB increases to nearly 10% a year. 
Among these, the Aeras Global TB Vaccine Foundation received a gift of more than $280 million (US) from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation to develop and license an improved vaccine against tuberculosis for use in high burden countries. 
A new railway line is planned to link both airports through an expansion of Tokyo Station, cutting travel time from Tokyo Station to Haneda from 30 minutes to 18 minutes, and from Tokyo Station to Narita from 55 minutes to 36 minutes; funded primarily by private investors, the line would cost ¥400 billion. 
He had last visited a Muslim prayer hall in San Juan. 
An effort to eradicate bovine tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium bovis from the cattle and deer herds of New Zealand has been relatively successful. 
By gender and age 
The first case of someone without travel history abroad was confirmed on March 5, a 62-year-old male who frequented a Muslim prayer hall in San Juan, Metro Manila, raising suspicions that a community transmission of COVID-19 is already underway in the Philippines. 
Genotype 1 is also the most common in South America and Europe. 
M. canetti is rare and seems to be limited to the Horn of Africa, although a few cases have been seen in African emigrants. 
She was admitted to a referral hospital in Tacloban. 
Also, PhilHealth announced that PUIs quarantined in its accredited facilities are entitled to a ₱14,000 ($270) health package, while those who tested positive for COVID-19 are entitled to a ₱32,000 ($580) beneficiary package. 
In October 2018, the Board of Audit issued a report stating that the total cost of the venues could exceed US$25 billion. 
Before January 30, there were no medical facilities in the country that can confirm cases of the virus. 
"Whatever the benefits of the ""fresh air"" and labor in the sanatoria, even under the best conditions, 50% of those who entered died within five years (c. 1916)." 
The five stages of the evaluation are as follows: 
"In 1815 one in four deaths in England was due to ""consumption""." 
Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) Governor Benjamin Diokno and NEDA Director-General Ernesto Pernia forecast that the Philippine economy would likely enter a recession in 2020 due to the effect of the pandemic. 
It was first observed in 2003 in Italy, but not widely reported until 2012, and has also been found in Iran and India. 
Following the confirmation of the first localized transmission on March 7, the DOH raised its alert to Code Red Sub-Level 1. 
A single sneeze can release up to 40,000 droplets. 
It comprises around 15 million workers in Luzon that were laid off due to the enhanced community quarantine, around four million of whom are based in Metro Manila, as well as an estimated 4.3 million workers in Visayas and another 4.3 million in Mindanao that were laid off due to quarantine restrictions. 
The country has the capability to conduct mass testing, given the improving capacity of the country's accredited laboratories and the procurement of more testing kits. 
The applicant cities of Baku (Azerbaijan) and Doha (Qatar) were not promoted to candidate status. 
Tickets went on general sale in Japan in the autumn of 2019 and were expected to be sold globally from June 2020, but this plan was suspended when the Games were postponed on 24 March 2020. 
The M. tuberculosis complex (MTBC) includes four other TB-causing mycobacteria: M. bovis, M. africanum, M. canetti, and M. microti. 
The hospital has pointed out that blood, specifically its plasma, from recovered patients contains antibodies which were produced by the body to specifically respond against the SARS-CoV-2 virus. 
The evidence for treatment in genotype 6 disease is sparse and what evidence there is supports 48 weeks of treatment at the same doses used for genotype 1 disease. 
Genetic studies of the virus suggest that the most recent common ancestor of the HIV-1 M group dates back to c. 1910. 
"About 25% of people may not have any symptoms (i.e. they remain ""asymptomatic"")." 
Active design involves urban planners, architects, transportation engineers, public health professionals, community leaders and other professionals in building places that encourage physical activity as an integral part of life. 
People would be more likely to be active if places for recreation were within walking distance. 
On March 31, former Senator Bongbong Marcos also tested positive for COVID-19 after receiving his March 28 test results from the Research Institute for Tropical Medicine (RITM). 
In the list below, the number of events in each discipline is noted in parentheses. 
In the mid-1970s, Harvey J. Alter, Chief of the Infectious Disease Section in the Department of Transfusion Medicine at the National Institutes of Health, and his research team demonstrated how most post-transfusion hepatitis cases were not due to hepatitis A or B viruses. 
During active disease, some of these cavities are joined to the air passages (bronchi) and this material can be coughed up. 
After leaving Naraha on 26 March, the torch would commence its main relay around Japan, incorporating all 47 prefectural capitals. 
The Research Institute for Tropical Medicine (RITM) in Muntinlupa, Metro Manila, is the medical facility where suspected cases are being tested for COVID-19 since January 30, 2020. 
A person with active but untreated tuberculosis may infect 10–15 (or more) other people per year. 
This is especially important for people who handle food or work in the medical field, but also an important practice for the general public. 
The man's wife was confirmed to have contracted COVID-19 on March 7, which was also the first local transmission to be confirmed. 
"Prime Minister Abe stated that IOC president Thomas Bach ""responded with 100% agreement"" to his proposal to delay the Games." 
Employees of Cebu Pacific, the country's largest airline, compromised on a pay cut amounting to 10% to avoid layoffs. 
On January 31, a travel ban on all Chinese nationals from Hubei and other affected areas in China was imposed. 
Nucleic acid amplification tests and adenosine deaminase testing may allow rapid diagnosis of TB. 
Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis (German: [ˈɪɡnaːts ˈzɛml̩vaɪs]; Hungarian: Semmelweis Ignác Fülöp; 1 July 1818 – 13 August 1865) was a Hungarian physician and scientist, now known as an early pioneer of antiseptic procedures. 
A number of groups, including the Stop TB Partnership, the South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, and the Aeras Global TB Vaccine Foundation, are involved with research. 
World Hepatitis Day, held on July 28, is coordinated by the World Hepatitis Alliance. 
Chiron filed for several patents on the virus and its diagnosis. 
Treatment of TB uses antibiotics to kill the bacteria. 
Of the 46 finalists, Zaha Hadid Architects was awarded the project, which would replace the old stadium with a new 80,000-seat stadium. 
If this test is positive, a confirmatory test is then performed to verify the immunoassay and to determine the viral load. 
Epidemic and pandemic spread 
HIV is a member of the genus Lentivirus, part of the family Retroviridae. 
On January 24, the Philippine government deported 135 individuals from Wuhan who arrived in the country through the Kalibo International Airport. 
Based on these criteria treatment is effective in more than 95% of people during the first year. 
A ban was also imposed for the 2019 Rugby World Cup, which Japan also hosted. 
Probable cases involves persons who underwent testing with results that needs further validation, and those who were tested, but whose test were not facilitated in an official laboratory for an reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test. 
There is not enough evidence to support the use of herbal medicines. 
Unlike the case of Zika virus during the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, the SARS-CoV-2 virus can be transmitted between humans, posing tougher challenges for the organizers to counteract the infectious disease and host a safe and secure Games. 
A chest X-ray and multiple sputum cultures for acid-fast bacilli are typically part of the initial evaluation. 
Dr. Marissa Alejandrija of the Philippine Society of Microbiology and Infectious Disease is the Philippines' representative in the study with Health Undersecretary Maria Rosario Vergeire as the official liaison of the DOH in the multinational study. 
It was followed by the City of Manila, Quezon City, Muntinlupa and Cavite Province on April 14, Parañaque and Cainta, Rizal on April 20, Mandaluyong and Taguig on April 22, and Makati on April 30. 
North Korea was one of the first countries to close borders due to COVID-19. 
Another example is the steady increase in body size in industrialized countries since the beginning of the 20th century. 
The oldest person to have recovered from COVID-19 in the Philippines (as of March 31) is reportedly an 83-year-old woman from Santa Rosa, Laguna, while the youngest patient to die due to complications from the disease (as of April 14) was a 29 days old infant from the province of Batangas. 
Samples from suspected cases with confirmed coronavirus infection had to be sent abroad to the Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory in Melbourne, Australia, for confirmatory testing specifically for SARS-CoV-2 strain. 
As tuberculosis is uncommon in most of Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States, BCG is administered to only those people at high risk. 
In Europe, rates of tuberculosis began to rise in the early 1600s to a peak level in the 1800s, when it caused nearly 25% of all deaths. 
Typical NRTIs include: zidovudine (AZT) or tenofovir (TDF) and lamivudine (3TC) or emtricitabine (FTC). 
Those at high risk thus include: people who inject illicit drugs, inhabitants and employees of locales where vulnerable people gather (e.g. prisons and homeless shelters), medically underprivileged and resource-poor communities, high-risk ethnic minorities, children in close contact with high-risk category patients, and health-care providers serving these patients. 
Of these 1.45 million deaths, about 0.35 million occur in those also infected with HIV. 
As of 2010 more than 6.6 million people were receiving this in low- and middle-income countries. 
NTM cause neither TB nor leprosy, but they do cause lung diseases that resemble TB. 
A bid from Rome was withdrawn. 
The United States instituted universal screening in 1992 and Canada instituted universal screening in 1990. 
World Health Day falls on 7 April each year, timed to match the anniversary of WHO's founding. 
About 10–30% of those infected develop cirrhosis over 30 years. 
However, most infections with M. tuberculosis do not cause TB disease, and 90–95% of infections remain asymptomatic. 
The Tokyo Organizing Committee is headed by former Japanese prime minister Yoshirō Mori. 
The flame was placed inside a special lantern and transported from Athens International Airport on a chartered flight to Higashimatsushima in Japan. 
Overall, these will be the fourth Olympic Games to be held in Japan, which also hosted the Winter Olympics in 1972 (Sapporo) and 1998 (Nagano). 
The risk of transmission from anal intercourse is especially high, estimated as 1.4–1.7% per act in both heterosexual and homosexual contacts. 
It was reasoned that it is assumed that the general public has been exposed to COVID-19 due to local or community transmission already ongoing in several parts of the Philippines. 
This disease spreads quickly among people who are undernourished. 
The NEDA cited the decline in service exports, especially tourism. 
M. africanum is not widespread, but it is a significant cause of tuberculosis in parts of Africa. 
An exhaustive ballot system was used. 
The risk of reactivation increases with immunosuppression, such as that caused by infection with HIV. 
The total number of people with this infection is higher in some countries in Africa and Asia. 
Professor Aileen Baviera, a former dean of the University of the Philippines Asian Center and a leading expert on China, died on March 21 at San Lazaro Hospital in Manila due to severe pneumonia caused by COVID-19. 
In Canada the cost of a course of antiviral treatment is as high as 30,000 CAD in 2003, while the United States costs are between 9,200 and 17,600 in 1998 USD. 
The average ticket price is ¥7,700, with half the tickets being sold for up to ¥8,000. 
By 1918, TB still caused one in six deaths in France. 
There are no measures that alter this risk. 
PhilHealth also subsided some of its policies on its members; it waived the 45-day coverage and single period of confinement policies while extending payment deadlines until the end of April and the failing period of claims from 60 days to at least 120 days. 
Other local governments outside Luzon followed in implementing similar lockdowns. 
Symptoms of influenza can start quite suddenly one to two days after infection. 
A symbolic ticket price of ¥2,020 is expected for families, groups resident in Japan, and in conjunction with a school program. 
"In April 11, the DOH revised its terminology for PUIs; ""suspect"" and ""probable"" cases." 
That same day, veteran IOC member and former vice president Dick Pound told USA Today that he expected the Games to be postponed. 
"The DOH responded to the public criticism by clarifying that, while there is ""no policy for VIP treatment"" with regard to testing for COVID-19 and that ""all specimens are being processed on a first-in, first-out basis,"" it ""extends courtesy"" to front line government officials, specifically those involved in national security and public health." 
Coronavirus Live Updates Worldwide – from Awutar.com 
He dropped the suit in 1998 after losing before an appeals court. 
The opening ceremony tickets are expected to range from ¥12,000 to ¥300,000, with a maximum price of ¥130,000 for the finals of the athletics track and field events. 
Interferon gamma release assays, on a blood sample, are recommended in those who are positive to the Mantoux test. 
The Philippine Health Insurance Corporation (PhilHealth) announced that it would provide ₱30-billion ($581-million) worth of advance payment to its accredited health facilities for health care providers to obtain the liquid capital required to efficiently respond to the crisis. 
In 15–20% of active cases, the infection spreads outside the lungs, causing other kinds of TB. 
The largest single-day increase in the number of confirmed cases was on March 31, when 538 new cases were announced. 
Moody's Analytics also reduced its GDP growth outlook for the country, from 5.9% in 2019 to 4.9% following the pandemic. 
Economists from the Ateneo de Manila University estimate that 57% of the country's workforce may be displaced within the end of the first quarter of 2020. 
Early 1900s colonial cities were notable for their high prevalence of prostitution and genital ulcers, to the degree that, as of 1928, as many as 45% of female residents of eastern Kinshasa were thought to have been prostitutes, and, as of 1933, around 15% of all residents of the same city had syphilis. 
Two types of HIV have been characterized: HIV-1 and HIV-2. 
Programs such as the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Program are working to reduce TB levels among people receiving public health care. 
The relay is scheduled to end at Tokyo's New National Stadium, where the torch is to be used to light the Olympic cauldron at the finale of the 2020 Summer Olympics opening ceremony. 
"Koch announced a glycerine extract of the tubercle bacilli as a ""remedy"" for tuberculosis in 1890, calling it ""tuberculin""." 
These Games will see the introduction of new competitions at the Summer Olympics, including 3x3 basketball, freestyle BMX, and Madison cycling, as well as further mixed events. 
Certain medications, such as corticosteroids and infliximab (an anti-αTNF monoclonal antibody), are other important risk factors, especially in the developed world. 
Contradicting the report from Gallo's group, Montagnier and his colleagues showed that core proteins of this virus were immunologically different from those of HTLV-I. Montagnier's group named their isolated virus lymphadenopathy-associated virus (LAV). 
Postponement of Tokyo Olympics until summer 2021 
Initially, treatment is typically a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) plus two nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). 
Of 77 countries reviewed, 25 (including the United States) were found to have prevalences of hepatitis C in the intravenous drug user population of between 60% and 80%. 
The East Japan Railway Company (JR East) is also planning a new route near Tamachi to Haneda Airport. 
Lentiviruses share many morphological and biological characteristics. 
Tokyo, Istanbul, and Madrid were the three candidate cities. 
Changes in plans prevented the new stadium from being completed in time for the 2019 Rugby World Cup as originally intended. 
The Department of Labor and Employment announced it would initiate a cash assistance program worth ₱2 billion ($39 million) for workers in both the formal and informal sectors across the country affected by government-imposed quarantines. 
As of April 30, 2020, there have been 8,488 confirmed cases of the disease in the country. 
Of the 33 competition venues in Tokyo, 28 are within 8 kilometers (4.97 miles) of the Olympic Village. 
Tickets will be sold through 40,000 shops in Japan and by mail order to Japanese addresses through the Internet. 
Fish canneries in the city also had to reduce outputs due to the deliverers of fresh fish from Zamboanga Sibugay and Zamboanga del Norte experiencing difficulties in entering the city, as visitors are required to undergo a 14-day quarantine. 
Infection of other organs can cause a wide range of symptoms. 
The only available vaccine as of 2011 is Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). 
The collection of bronze was completed in November 2018, with the remainder estimated to have been completed by March 2019. 
With treatment, there is a 70% reduced risk of acquiring tuberculosis. 
"These names were chosen from a shortlist of four from an original 150 pairs of names; the other three shortlisted names were ""Shining Blue"" & ""Shining Blue Tokyo"", ""Games Anchor"" & ""City Anchor"", and ""Games Force"" & ""City Force""." 
As of April 29, at least one case has been confirmed in 54 out of 81 provinces of the Philippines. 
In a February 2020 interview with City A.M., the Conservative London mayoral candidate Shaun Bailey argued that London would be able to host the Olympic Games at the former London 2012 Olympic venues, should the Games need to be moved because of the coronavirus outbreak. 
Rates per 100,000 people in different areas of the world were: globally 178, Africa 332, the Americas 36, Eastern Mediterranean 173, Europe 63, Southeast Asia 278, and Western Pacific 139 in 2010. 
In December 2018, the Japanese government chose to ban drones from flying over venues being used for the Olympic and Paralympic Games. 
On March 9, 2020, the Philippine Stock Exchange (PSE) index lost 457.77 points or 6.76%, its steepest decline since the financial crisis of 2007–08. 
Countries with particularly high rates of infection include Egypt (22%), Pakistan (4.8%) and China (3.2%). 
Zamboanga City supplies 85% of canned fish in the country. 
The filing of income tax returns was extended to May 15 from April 15 by the Bureau of Internal Revenue. 
There was no significant increase in self-rated quality of work or work related motivation but there was no negative feedback in these areas. 
In 2010, 8.8 million new cases of TB were diagnosed, and 1.20–1.45 million deaths occurred, most of these occurring in developing countries. 
Owing to their nonspecific character, these symptoms are not often recognized as signs of HIV infection. 
Mycobacteria have an outer membrane lipid bilayer. 
A mass testing was conducted in Sitio Zapatera, Barangay Luz, Cebu City, after 81 of its residents tested positive for COVID-19. 
In the ten-day period March 13–23, the number of positive cases with coronavirus rose to 35. 
Philippine Foreign Secretary Teodoro Locsin Jr. announced that he would not fully support any official travel bans to Singapore. 
In April 1989, the discovery of HCV was published in two articles in the journal Science. 
As of March 31, the department reported that at least 25,428 formal sectors and 5,220 informal sector workers were given cash assistance of ₱5,000 ($98) each. 
Other known pathogenic mycobacteria include M. leprae, M. avium, and M. kansasii. 
These potential new treatments have come about due to a better understanding of the hepatitis C virus. 
In people coinfected with M. tuberculosis and HIV, the risk of reactivation increases to 10% per year. 
"Rose Field notes of the definition in a May 23, 1926 New York Times article, ""the simplest being efficient living""." 
Some elements include widening sidewalks and crosswalks; installing traffic calming elements that slow driving speeds; making stairs that are accessible, visible, attractive, and well-lit; making recreation areas, such as parks, plazas, and playgrounds, more accessible by pedestrians and cyclists. 
All parts of the body can be affected by the disease, though for unknown reasons it rarely affects the heart, skeletal muscles, pancreas, or thyroid. 
On March 25, Rizal Province Governor Rebecca Ynares announced that she had contracted COVID-19. 
The names were chosen by the people who had applied to be volunteers at the Games. 
The test may be falsely negative in those with sarcoidosis, Hodgkin's lymphoma, malnutrition, and most notably, active tuberculosis. 
On March 20, four facilities namely the Southern Philippines Medical Center in Davao City, Vicente Sotto Memorial Medical Center in Cebu City, Baguio General Hospital and Medical Center in Benguet, and San Lazaro Hospital in Manila began conducting tests as well augmenting the RITM. 
On March 16, Senate Majority Leader Juan Miguel Zubiri confirmed that he tested positive for COVID-19, although he claimed he was asymptomatic. 
During primary infection, the level of HIV may reach several million virus particles per milliliter of blood. 
Out of these cases, 1,043 recoveries and 568 deaths were recorded. 
It is often positive for catalase and nitrate reduction and is a facultative anaerobe that can grow without the need for oxygen. 
Note that not all patients were admitted for hospitalization; some with mild condition were isolated and instead placed under home quarantine protocol. 
"The DOH has issued a reminder, that Level 2 and 3 hospitals cannot deny admittance of people suspected or confirmed to have COVID-19 infection and refusal of admission is a ""violation of the signed Performance Commitment and shall be dealt with by the PhilHealth accordingly""." 
The Industrial Group of Zamboanga reported that most of its workers experienced difficulties in reporting to work, despite the company offering free shuttle services, due to the wide presence of checkpoints across barangays. 
The chance of death from a case of tuberculosis is about 4% as of 2008, down from 8% in 1995. 
Another feature of the granulomas is the development of abnormal cell death (necrosis) in the center of tubercles. 
Affected tissue is replaced by scarring and cavities filled with caseous necrotic material. 
In particular, public health surveillance programs can: 
On April 7, President Duterte accepted the recommendation of the Inter-Agency Task Force on Emerging Infectious Diseases to extend the Luzon enhanced community quarantine until April 30. 
Actor Christopher de Leon and actresses Iza Calzado, and Sylvia Sanchez tested positive for COVID-19. 
The rate of TB varies with age. 
Tokyo Governor Yuriko Koike criticized Bailey's comment as inappropriate. 
"On March 7, 2020, the Department of Health (DOH) raised its ""Code Red Sub-Level 1,"" with a recommendation to the President of the Philippines to impose a ""public health emergency"" authorizing the DOH to mobilize resources for the procurement of safety gear and the imposition of preventive quarantine measures." 
The Tokyo Metropolitan Government has set aside a fund of JP¥400 billion (more than 3.67 billion USD) to cover the cost of hosting the Games. 
The first localized targeted mass testing began in Valenzuela on April 11. 
Worried about swine flu? 
Human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is a spectrum of conditions caused by infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). 
Health Secretary Francisco Duque and Senator Bong Go, chair of the Senate Committee on Health and Demography, recommended to President Rodrigo Duterte to declare a public health emergency in the country, which would authorize local government units to employ their local disaster risk reduction management funds. 
"Some senators who were tested claim that they used an ""instant"" test kit not accredited by the DOH." 
The DOH confirmed that the fifth case had no travel history outside the Philippines and is, therefore, the first case of local transmission. 
The Games will feature 339 events in 33 different sports, encompassing a total of 50 disciplines. 
Dr. 
If effective treatment is not given, the death rate for active TB cases is up to 66%. 
Before that date, the Research Institute for Tropical Medicine (RITM) in Muntinlupa conducted preliminary tests on suspected cases to determine if they are infected with a coronavirus but could not detect the new strain on patients. 
When the Medical Research Council formed in Britain in 1913, it initially focused on tuberculosis research. 
When people with active pulmonary TB cough, sneeze, speak, sing, or spit, they expel infectious aerosol droplets 0.5 to 5.0 µm in diameter. 
Worldwide hepatitis C is the cause of 27% of cirrhosis cases and 25% of hepatocellular carcinoma. 
Extrapulmonary TB occurs when tuberculosis develops outside of the lungs, although extrapulmonary TB may coexist with pulmonary TB. 
It is estimated that nearly half of prison inmates share unsterilized tattooing equipment. 
In February 2017, the Tokyo Organizing Committee announced an electronics recycling program in partnership with Japan Environmental Sanitation Center and NTT Docomo, soliciting donations of electronics (such as mobile phones) to be reclaimed as materials for the medals. 
Although the virus may have been present in the United States as early as 1966, the vast majority of infections occurring outside sub-Saharan Africa (including the U.S.) can be traced back to a single unknown individual who became infected with HIV in Haiti and then brought the infection to the United States at some time around 1969. 
The torch then travelled to Athens, where the Greek leg of the relay culminated in a handover ceremony at the Panathenaic Stadium on 19 March, during which the torch was transferred to the Japanese contingent. 
Its condition is deplorable. 
"These individuals are classified as ""HIV controllers"" or long-term nonprogressors (LTNP)." 
The World Health Organization (WHO), the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, and the U.S. government are subsidizing a fast-acting diagnostic tuberculosis test for use in low- and middle-income countries as of 2012. 
"On the same day, Prime Minister Shinzo Abe stated that he would support a proposed postponement, citing that ensuring athlete safety was ""paramount""." 
The DOST on April 2 announced that it is seeking collaboration with other countries such as China, Russia, South Korea, Taiwan, and the United Kingdom on endeavors related to COVID-19 vaccine development. 
Tuberculosis is the second-most common cause of death from infectious disease (after those due to HIV/AIDS). 
She was admitted to the San Lazaro Hospital in Manila on January 25 after she sought a consultation due to a mild cough. 
In November 2012, the Japan Sport Council announced that it was taking bids for proposed stadium designs. 
The IOC voted to select the host city of the 2020 Summer Olympics on 7 September 2013 at the 125th IOC Session at the Buenos Aires Hilton in Buenos Aires, Argentina. 
Albert Calmette and Camille Guérin achieved the first genuine success in immunization against tuberculosis in 1906, using attenuated bovine-strain tuberculosis. 
"The primary site of infection in the lungs, known as the ""Ghon focus"", is generally located in either the upper part of the lower lobe, or the lower part of the upper lobe." 
On March 25, Senator Koko Pimentel announced that he had also tested positive for COVID-19. 
A design competition for the medals launched in December of the same year. 
Twelve venues for 16 sports are situated farther than 8 kilometers (5 miles) from the Olympic Village. 
Inspired by traditional temples and with a lower profile, Kuma's design has a budget of ¥149 billion. 
It is more virulent, more infective, and is the cause of the majority of HIV infections globally. 
The following day, Senator Sonny Angara became the third senator to announce his COVID-19 diagnosis after yielding a positive result. 
World Tuberculosis Day is marked on 24 March each year, the anniversary of Koch's original scientific announcement. 
Some of these venues were originally constructed for the 1964 Summer Olympics. 
In 1987, Michael Houghton, Qui-Lim Choo, and George Kuo at Chiron Corporation, collaborating with Daniel W. Bradley at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, used a novel molecular cloning approach to identify the unknown organism and develop a diagnostic test. 
China has achieved particularly dramatic progress, with about an 80% reduction in its TB mortality rate between 1990 and 2010. 
In many areas of the world, people are unable to afford treatment with antivirals as they either lack insurance coverage or the insurance they have will not pay for antivirals. 
It is believed that ten million intravenous drug users are infected with hepatitis C; China (1.6 million), the United States (1.5 million), and Russia (1.3 million) have the highest absolute totals. 
Those who have experienced a needle stick injury from someone who was HCV positive have about a 1.8% chance of subsequently contracting the disease themselves. 
However, the BSP forecasts that the inflation rate may lower to 2.4% in March from 2.6% in February and 2.9% in January due to a decrease in the price of oil from $85 to $30 per barrel as a result of the pandemic. 
The Department of Health warned against the use of drugs that are not yet approved by FDA in treating coronavirus, like Fapiravir (Avigan), Chloroquine, Hydroxychloroquine, Azithromycin, Losartan, Remdesivir, Kaletra, and other drug cocktails, stating that those might have adverse side-effects, especially if not supervised by healthcare professionals. 
on GMA Network as well as It's Showtime and ASAP on ABS-CBN. On March 13, both ABS-CBN and GMA announced that they would suspend productions on their drama shows as well as other entertainment programs by March 15, replacing affected programs with reruns of previous series or extended newscast runs. 
At the farming level 
On March 23, Philippine Council for Foreign Relations President Alan Ortiz died in Paris, France. 
Macrophages, epithelioid cells, T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, and fibroblasts aggregate to form granulomas, with lymphocytes surrounding the infected macrophages. 
In 1946 the development of the antibiotic streptomycin made effective treatment and cure of TB a reality. 
Hermann Brehmer opened the first TB sanatorium in 1859 in Görbersdorf (now Sokołowsko) in Silesia. 
Out of these cases, 339 doctors and 242 nurses had already tested positive. 
If water and soap are not available, hands can be cleaned with ash or sand. 
The other is a 60-year-old man with a history of hypertension and diabetes who experienced symptoms on February 25 and was admitted to a hospital on March 1 when he experienced pneumonia. 
There are plans to fund the accelerated completion of the Central Circular Route, Tokyo Gaikan Expressway, and Ken-Ō Expressway, and the refurbishment of other major expressways in the area. 
Royal Air Charter Service operates direct flights from Wuhan to Kalibo. 
TB infection begins when the mycobacteria reach the alveolar air sacs of the lungs, where they invade and replicate within endosomes of alveolar macrophages. 
Birds are thought to be the main animal reservoirs of influenza viruses. 
Local television networks temporarily stopped admitting live audiences for their television shows, including variety shows Eat Bulaga! 
The Philippines uses both rapid and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test kits. 
The first three recorded cases involving an Australian, a Japanese, and a Taiwanese national had a history of visiting the Philippines in February 2020. 
In the final vote, a head-to-head contest between Tokyo and Istanbul, Tokyo was selected by 60 votes to 36, as it got at least 49 votes needed for a majority. 
"On 24 March 2020, the IOC and TOCOG announced that the 2020 Summer Olympics and Paralympics would be ""rescheduled to a date beyond 2020 but not later than summer 2021""." 
The public can be as small as a handful of people or as large as a village or an entire city; in the case of a pandemic it may encompass several continents. 
The main cause of TB is Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), a small, aerobic, nonmotile bacillus. 
These diseases produced in part by poverty are in contrast to diseases of affluence, which are diseases thought to be a result of increasing wealth in a society. 
It is the most widely used vaccine worldwide, with more than 90% of all children being vaccinated. 
In 2007, the country with the highest estimated incidence rate of TB was Swaziland, with 1,200 cases per 100,000 people. 
Among the Cabinet of the President Rodrigo Duterte's administration, Interior Secretary Eduardo Añoand Education Secretary Leonor Briones were confirmed to have tested positive for COVID-19. 
The following day, shares plunged by 6.23% to ₱5,957.35 (US$117.54), settling below the 6,000 level benchmark and entering the bear market territory. 
In 1983, two separate research groups led by Robert Gallo and Luc Montagnier declared that a novel retrovirus may have been infecting people with AIDS, and published their findings in the same issue of the journal Science. 
Neurological conditions can include: 
The first phase of the relay began on 12 March 2020 with the traditional flame lighting ceremony at the Temple of Hera in Olympia, Greece. 
This article provides a general overview and documents the status of locations by continents and conveyance of the world affected by the coronavirus responsible for the ongoing 2019–20 pandemic originating in Wuhan, Hubei, China. 
"If a Gram stain is performed, MTB either stains very weakly ""Gram-positive"" or does not retain dye as a result of the high lipid and mycolic acid content of its cell wall." 
Lister successfully introduced carbolic acid (now known as phenol) to sterilise surgical instruments and to clean wounds. 
"The volunteers at the venues are to be known as ""Field Cast"" and the volunteers in the city are to be known as ""City Cast""." 
Fish canneries in Zamboanga City announced that it would reduce the production of canned fish in the Philippines by 50–60% due to difficulties encountered following the implementation of a city-wide lockdown. 
It is believed that only 5–50% of those infected in the United States and Canada are aware of their status. 
The testing capacity of the Philippine government has been expanded by late March 2020. 
This is a particular problem in sub-Saharan Africa, where rates of HIV are high. 
In primary TB disease (some 1–5% of cases), this occurs soon after the initial infection. 
Inadequate control is deemed to be greater than 400 copies/mL. 
The Yurikamome automated transit line is also to be extended from its existing terminal at Toyosu Station to a new terminal at Kachidoki Station, passing the site of the Olympic Village, although the line is not expected to have adequate capacity to serve major events in the Odaiba area on its own. 
HIV-1 is thought to have jumped the species barrier on at least three separate occasions, giving rise to the three groups of the virus, M, N, and O. 
The 2020 Summer Olympics (Japanese: 2020年夏季オリンピック, Hepburn: Nisen Nijū-nen Kaki Orinpikku), officially the Games of the XXXII Olympiad and commonly known as Tokyo 2020 (Tōkyō ni-zero-ni-zero), is an upcoming international multi-sport event to be held in Tokyo, Japan. 
Miliary TB currently makes up about 10% of extrapulmonary cases. 
As of March 23, the RITM alone can test 600 people per day, other laboratories except for the facility of San Lazaro Hospital can do 100 tests, while San Lazaro Hospital can do 50 tests per day. 
In June 2015, the government announced that as a further cost-saving measure, it was planning to reduce the new stadium's permanent capacity to 65,000 in its athletics configuration (although with the option to add up to 15,000 temporary seats for football). 
"The latter two species are classified as ""nontuberculous mycobacteria"" (NTM)." 
"The torch was then expected to begin the second phase of its journey on 20 March, as it travels for one week around the three most affected areas of the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami—Miyagi, Iwate and Fukushima—where it would go on display under the heading ""Flame of Recovery""." 
The National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA) revised its economic growth outlook for the Philippines in 2020 from a 6.5% to 7.5% gross domestic product (GDP) growth registered in late 2019 to a 5.5% to 6.5% GDP growth, following the pandemic. 
There has been a slowing down of the turnout of test results. 
The VUA program for Chinese tourists and businessmen was also suspended. 
The department said that Level 2 and 3 hospitals can accommodate individuals with mild COVID-19 symptoms while individuals in a serious or critical condition may be transferred to one of the DOH's three referral hospitals; the RITM, Lung Center of the Philippines in Quezon City and the San Lazaro Hospital. 
IDSA/AASLD. 
This followed Philippine Airlines' decision to lay off 300 of its workers due to losses caused by the pandemic. 
distribution of calamity funds, 
Evidence for supplementation with selenium is mixed with some tentative evidence of benefit. 
In February 2012, it was revealed that Tokyo's National Stadium, the central venue for the 1964 Summer Olympics, was to undergo a ¥100 billion renovation for the 2019 Rugby World Cup and the 2020 Summer Olympics. 
He suffered from coinfection with influenza and Streptococcus pneumoniae.