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12. A method, implemented in a computer system, of delivering content to an electronic device associated with a portable scanner, comprising: receiving, at a computer system and from a portable scanner, a device identifier scanned using the portable scanner, the device identifier being displayed on an electronic device; receiving, at the computer system and from the portable scanner, additional information scanned using the portable scanner; selecting, by the computer system, based at least in part on the device identifier, the electronic device to send the additional information scanned; identifying a network address of the selected electronic device identified by the device identifier; and communicating the additional information scanned to the network address associated with the selected electronic device.

12. A method, implemented in a computer system, of delivering content to an electronic device associated with a portable scanner, comprising: receiving, at a computer system and from a portable scanner, a device identifier scanned using the portable scanner, the device identifier being displayed on an electronic device; receiving, at the computer system and from the portable scanner, additional information scanned using the portable scanner; selecting, by the computer system, based at least in part on the device identifier, the electronic device to send the additional information scanned; identifying a network address of the selected electronic device identified by the device identifier; and communicating the additional information scanned to the network address associated with the selected electronic device. 15. The method of claim 12 , further comprising: configuring the device for exclusive use by a person using the portable scanner for as long as the portable scanner is associated with the electronic device.

38. A computer-implemented method comprising: representing a document with an extensible markup representation comprising: a first element which logically binds an ordered sequence of pages together into a single multi-page document; multiple second elements each of which is a child of the first element and refers to a source of content for an associated page of the document, wherein said first element and multiple second elements are mappable to an associated class; and incorporating the representation into a single package that can contain different representations of the same document, wherein one of the representations comprises a fixed payload having multiple fixed payload parts at least two of which are connected, each connected fixed payload part having an associated discoverable relationship part containing one or more relationships for which that associated connected fixed payload part is a source, individual relationships representing a connection and making the connection discoverable without parsing content of the fixed payload parts associated with the connection, the multiple fixed payload parts comprising: a root part; one or more a fixed page parts, each referenced by one of the multiple second elements and containing fixed page markup describing properties and additional elements associated with rendering document content; an image part representing one or more images within the document; and a font part describing one or more fonts used in the document.

38. A computer-implemented method comprising: representing a document with an extensible markup representation comprising: a first element which logically binds an ordered sequence of pages together into a single multi-page document; multiple second elements each of which is a child of the first element and refers to a source of content for an associated page of the document, wherein said first element and multiple second elements are mappable to an associated class; and incorporating the representation into a single package that can contain different representations of the same document, wherein one of the representations comprises a fixed payload having multiple fixed payload parts at least two of which are connected, each connected fixed payload part having an associated discoverable relationship part containing one or more relationships for which that associated connected fixed payload part is a source, individual relationships representing a connection and making the connection discoverable without parsing content of the fixed payload parts associated with the connection, the multiple fixed payload parts comprising: a root part; one or more a fixed page parts, each referenced by one of the multiple second elements and containing fixed page markup describing properties and additional elements associated with rendering document content; an image part representing one or more images within the document; and a font part describing one or more fonts used in the document. 42. The method of claim 38 , wherein at least some of said additional elements comprise one or more elements that describe how drawing is performed and at least a grouping element that groups other elements.

1. A method of controlling an electronic device provided with functionality for composing and sending messages in accordance with at least one text-based messaging service, comprising, in response to execution on the electronic device of a message-composition process for composing a message to be sent to a recipient of the message via said text-based messaging service, setting a language configuration of the electronic device in conformance with language data associated with the recipient, wherein said language data indicates a language to be used for composing the message, wherein setting the language configuration of the electronic device comprises setting a keyboard layout of a virtual keyboard displayed on a display of the electronic device in conformance with said language data, wherein when the message is a reply to an earlier incoming message from said recipient, processing the earlier incoming message; when a main language of the earlier incoming message can be determined in said processing, setting the language configuration of the electronic device in conformance with the determined main language of the earlier incoming message; and when a main language of the earlier incoming message cannot be determined in said processing verifying whether the recipient is associated with a contact entry in a contact database stored in or accessible from the electronic device and whether said contact entry comprises data indicative of a preferred language of the recipient.

1. A method of controlling an electronic device provided with functionality for composing and sending messages in accordance with at least one text-based messaging service, comprising, in response to execution on the electronic device of a message-composition process for composing a message to be sent to a recipient of the message via said text-based messaging service, setting a language configuration of the electronic device in conformance with language data associated with the recipient, wherein said language data indicates a language to be used for composing the message, wherein setting the language configuration of the electronic device comprises setting a keyboard layout of a virtual keyboard displayed on a display of the electronic device in conformance with said language data, wherein when the message is a reply to an earlier incoming message from said recipient, processing the earlier incoming message; when a main language of the earlier incoming message can be determined in said processing, setting the language configuration of the electronic device in conformance with the determined main language of the earlier incoming message; and when a main language of the earlier incoming message cannot be determined in said processing verifying whether the recipient is associated with a contact entry in a contact database stored in or accessible from the electronic device and whether said contact entry comprises data indicative of a preferred language of the recipient. 12. A non-transitory computer readable medium having stored thereon a computer program product comprising computer program code for executing the method according to claim 1 when said computer program code is run by a programmable control unit of the electronic device.

14. A method for a multimedia seek sequence using a synchronization index and a mobile computing device, said method comprising the steps: providing a mobile computing device comprising a viewing screen and a touch-sensitive input interface; providing a synchronization index that comprises an electronic transcript that indicates text corresponding to audio from the multimedia and indicates respective times within multimedia corresponding to when a word or range of words is audible in the multimedia; providing a receiving device; displaying on said mobile computing device text from the synchronization index, wherein said text is displayed other than as a web page; receiving, by the mobile computing device, information indicating a user's selected mobile computing device touch-sensitive input interface gesture performed on a portion of said viewing screen corresponding to a word, or range of words, from said synchronization index; wherein said gesture is recognized by said touch-sensitive input interface; performing a timecode lookup using the synchronization index, wherein said synchronization index is referenced to provide data for a time location t1 that corresponds to said word or range of words; seeking on said receiving device multimedia corresponding to said synchronization index, and, if found, accessing multimedia at t1.

14. A method for a multimedia seek sequence using a synchronization index and a mobile computing device, said method comprising the steps: providing a mobile computing device comprising a viewing screen and a touch-sensitive input interface; providing a synchronization index that comprises an electronic transcript that indicates text corresponding to audio from the multimedia and indicates respective times within multimedia corresponding to when a word or range of words is audible in the multimedia; providing a receiving device; displaying on said mobile computing device text from the synchronization index, wherein said text is displayed other than as a web page; receiving, by the mobile computing device, information indicating a user's selected mobile computing device touch-sensitive input interface gesture performed on a portion of said viewing screen corresponding to a word, or range of words, from said synchronization index; wherein said gesture is recognized by said touch-sensitive input interface; performing a timecode lookup using the synchronization index, wherein said synchronization index is referenced to provide data for a time location t1 that corresponds to said word or range of words; seeking on said receiving device multimedia corresponding to said synchronization index, and, if found, accessing multimedia at t1. 16. The method of claim 14 , further comprising: providing a second computing device; requesting from a second computing device delivery of multimedia beginning at time t1; delivering multimedia beginning at time t1, or providing instructions for the delivery of multimedia beginning at time t1, to a receiving device; and caching, within said receiving device, or memory accessible thereto, said multimedia or a portion thereof.

16. The method according to claim 13 wherein said data storage tracks include analog recordings of an audio signal.

16. The method according to claim 13 wherein said data storage tracks include analog recordings of an audio signal. 22. The method according to claim 16 wherein said electron beam is controlled in a manner to produce a scan enabling signal within 50 milliseconds during said sweep along the tracks on said target.

10. The method according to claim 2 , all the limitations of which are incorporated herein by reference, further comprising at least one of the steps of: acquiring slot information from a user input; disambiguating acquired slot information; and confirming acquired slot information.

10. The method according to claim 2 , all the limitations of which are incorporated herein by reference, further comprising at least one of the steps of: acquiring slot information from a user input; disambiguating acquired slot information; and confirming acquired slot information. 11. The method of claim 10 , all the limitations of which are incorporated herein by reference, further comprising repeating the steps of: constructing the composite grammar; generating the prompt; receiving the user response; acquiring the slot information; disambiguating the acquired slot information; and confirming the acquired slot information, until all the unfilled slots in the set of information slots have been filled.

24. A computer-readable medium containing a program which, when executed by a processor, performs a process of providing natural language support for users running queries against a database, the process comprising: retrieving a data abstraction model comprising a plurality of logical fields abstractly describing physical data residing in the database; retrieving translation information for the data abstraction model describing translations of each of the plurality of logical fields from a first natural language expression to a second natural language expression; creating an effective data abstraction model by modifying the data abstraction model in accordance with the translation information and a view that reflects one or more security settings for a group of users; and displaying, to a user of the group of users, the effective data abstraction model.

24. A computer-readable medium containing a program which, when executed by a processor, performs a process of providing natural language support for users running queries against a database, the process comprising: retrieving a data abstraction model comprising a plurality of logical fields abstractly describing physical data residing in the database; retrieving translation information for the data abstraction model describing translations of each of the plurality of logical fields from a first natural language expression to a second natural language expression; creating an effective data abstraction model by modifying the data abstraction model in accordance with the translation information and a view that reflects one or more security settings for a group of users; and displaying, to a user of the group of users, the effective data abstraction model. 30. The computer-readable medium of claim 24 , wherein retrieving translation information comprises successively loading language resource files, wherein each successive language resource file comprises translations of increasing specificity to replace relatively less specific translations of one or more previously loaded language resource files.

1. A computer-implemented method to automatically generate data associated with a medical report using voice inputs received during a first encounter, comprising: receiving a voice input from a source; determining an identity of the source; performing a speech-to-text conversion on the voice input to generate a text string representing the voice input; associating the text string with the identity of the source; automatically identifying and selecting one or more keywords from the text string, wherein the one or more keywords are associated with one or more data fields; and automatically populating the one or more data fields with the identified keywords according to values associated with the identified keywords and the identity of the source, the populated one or more data fields being different than the text string.

1. A computer-implemented method to automatically generate data associated with a medical report using voice inputs received during a first encounter, comprising: receiving a voice input from a source; determining an identity of the source; performing a speech-to-text conversion on the voice input to generate a text string representing the voice input; associating the text string with the identity of the source; automatically identifying and selecting one or more keywords from the text string, wherein the one or more keywords are associated with one or more data fields; and automatically populating the one or more data fields with the identified keywords according to values associated with the identified keywords and the identity of the source, the populated one or more data fields being different than the text string. 6. The method as defined in claim 1 , further comprising visually representing that the text string is associated with the identity of the source.

1. A method of signing a document by a plurality of contracting users, wherein said contracting users are pre-registered users and have associated electronic pen devices such that each contracting user among the contracting users has an associated electronic pen device among the electronic pen devices, the method comprising the following steps: a) receiving at a secure server, from a first user, an invitation request of signing the document for the purpose of approving content of the document by a plurality of contracting users; b) receiving, at the secure sever, user identification information associated with the contracting users; c) generating, by the secure server, a unique document identifier in connection with said document to be signed; d) transmitting, by the secure server, an invitation to sign the document to the contracting users through their associated electronic pen devices along with the unique document identifier such that each contracting user among the contracting users receives said invitation to sign the document at an electronic pen device associated therewith; wherein the electronic pen devices are configured for receiving signature requests from the contracting users for signing the document, for the purpose of approving the content of the document, the signature requests comprising first authentication information associated with said contracting users, and wherein the electronic pen devices are configured for transmitting the first authentication information to the secure server for authenticating the contracting users; e) authenticating by the secure server the contracting users using said first authentication information comprising inquiring an authentication database at the secure sever storing second authentication information in connection with the contracting users for determining if there is a match between the first authentication information and the second authentication information; f) rejecting, by the secure server, signature requests associated with unsuccessfully authenticated contracting users; g) for successfully authenticated contracting users, automatically transmitting by the secure server to electronic pen devices associated with said successfully authenticated contracting users notifications of successful authentication and said associated electronic pen devices accepting signature requests from their respective contracting users to sign the document, receiving by the associated electronic pen devices and transmitting to the secure server handwritten signatures of the authenticated contracting users approving content of the document, automatically storing by the secure server said handwritten signatures inside a signature registration database, automatically generating by said secure server a unique signature identifier and associating said unique signature identifier to said handwritten signatures, and automatically communicating said unique signature identifier to said associated electronic pen devices, and communicating said unique signature identifier by the associated electronic pen devices to the successfully authenticated contracting users for indication on the document in order to be used as a reference during future authentication of said document; and h) during authentication of the document, providing access to said signature registration database for enabling an authenticating party to authenticate said document, where said authentication of said document comprises obtaining the unique signature identifier as indicated on the document; querying the secure server using this unique signature identifier to retrieve the stored signature associated with the unique signature identifier and determining if there is an exact match between the signature stored in the server and the signature appearing on said document.

1. A method of signing a document by a plurality of contracting users, wherein said contracting users are pre-registered users and have associated electronic pen devices such that each contracting user among the contracting users has an associated electronic pen device among the electronic pen devices, the method comprising the following steps: a) receiving at a secure server, from a first user, an invitation request of signing the document for the purpose of approving content of the document by a plurality of contracting users; b) receiving, at the secure sever, user identification information associated with the contracting users; c) generating, by the secure server, a unique document identifier in connection with said document to be signed; d) transmitting, by the secure server, an invitation to sign the document to the contracting users through their associated electronic pen devices along with the unique document identifier such that each contracting user among the contracting users receives said invitation to sign the document at an electronic pen device associated therewith; wherein the electronic pen devices are configured for receiving signature requests from the contracting users for signing the document, for the purpose of approving the content of the document, the signature requests comprising first authentication information associated with said contracting users, and wherein the electronic pen devices are configured for transmitting the first authentication information to the secure server for authenticating the contracting users; e) authenticating by the secure server the contracting users using said first authentication information comprising inquiring an authentication database at the secure sever storing second authentication information in connection with the contracting users for determining if there is a match between the first authentication information and the second authentication information; f) rejecting, by the secure server, signature requests associated with unsuccessfully authenticated contracting users; g) for successfully authenticated contracting users, automatically transmitting by the secure server to electronic pen devices associated with said successfully authenticated contracting users notifications of successful authentication and said associated electronic pen devices accepting signature requests from their respective contracting users to sign the document, receiving by the associated electronic pen devices and transmitting to the secure server handwritten signatures of the authenticated contracting users approving content of the document, automatically storing by the secure server said handwritten signatures inside a signature registration database, automatically generating by said secure server a unique signature identifier and associating said unique signature identifier to said handwritten signatures, and automatically communicating said unique signature identifier to said associated electronic pen devices, and communicating said unique signature identifier by the associated electronic pen devices to the successfully authenticated contracting users for indication on the document in order to be used as a reference during future authentication of said document; and h) during authentication of the document, providing access to said signature registration database for enabling an authenticating party to authenticate said document, where said authentication of said document comprises obtaining the unique signature identifier as indicated on the document; querying the secure server using this unique signature identifier to retrieve the stored signature associated with the unique signature identifier and determining if there is an exact match between the signature stored in the server and the signature appearing on said document. 2. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the contracting users are located within a same physical location at the same moment for signing the document.

1. An information processing apparatus, comprising: a computer comprising: a property processing unit configured to read a property of document data associated with a stored document and register the property; a document language identification unit configured to identify a language used in the document data of the stored document; a property language identification unit configured to identify a language used in a property value of the registered property entered with respect to the document data; and a translation unit configured to translate the property value entered with respect to the document data from the language used in the property value into the language used in the document data of the stored document when the language used in the property value is different from the language used in the document data of the stored document, wherein the property processing unit is further configured to display a notice to select a default language representing language information entered with respect to a property key of the registered property, and wherein the property processing unit comprises a registration unit configured to register information on the selected default language in association with the property value and the property key of the registered property.

1. An information processing apparatus, comprising: a computer comprising: a property processing unit configured to read a property of document data associated with a stored document and register the property; a document language identification unit configured to identify a language used in the document data of the stored document; a property language identification unit configured to identify a language used in a property value of the registered property entered with respect to the document data; and a translation unit configured to translate the property value entered with respect to the document data from the language used in the property value into the language used in the document data of the stored document when the language used in the property value is different from the language used in the document data of the stored document, wherein the property processing unit is further configured to display a notice to select a default language representing language information entered with respect to a property key of the registered property, and wherein the property processing unit comprises a registration unit configured to register information on the selected default language in association with the property value and the property key of the registered property. 2. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein said computer further comprises a multiple language translation unit configured to translate the property value entered with respect to the document data from the language used in the property value into each of a plurality of languages used in the document data when the plurality of languages are identified in the document data.

36. An arrangement as defined in claim 27 wherein said transducer means to resolve said motion into components consists essentially of: a movable first surface; a conductive coating on the bottom side of said movable first surface with electrical connection thereto; a movable second surface; a resistive coating of between 100 and 100,000 ohms per square on the top side of said movable second surface, including spaced parallel conductors along two edges of said resistive coating with provision to apply a fixed potential to said conductors causing a voltage gradient in a first coordinate direction; a conductive coating on the bottom side of said movable second surface with electrical connection thereto; a fixed third surface; a resistive coating of between 100 and 100,000 ohms per square on the top side of said third surface, including spaced parallel conductors along two edges of said resistive coating oriented substantially perpendicular to said spaced parallel conductors of said second surface with provision to apply a fixed potential to said conductors causing a voltage gradient in a second coordinate direction; a plurality of insulated spacers located between said first and second surfaces, and between said second and third surfaces, to cause said first and second surfaces and said second and third surfaces to be noncontacting in the absence of external force on said first surface, such that pressure applied to a point on said first movable surface of such magnitude as to cause deflections around said insulated spacers will cause contact between said conductive coating on said first movable surface and said resistive coating on said second movable surface, with a voltage delivered to said electrical connection of said first surface proportional to the component of motion in said first coordinate direction; and contact between said conductive coating on said second movable surface and resistive coating on said third fixed surface will result in voltage delivered to said electrical connection of said second surface proportional to the component of motion in said second coordinate direction.

36. An arrangement as defined in claim 27 wherein said transducer means to resolve said motion into components consists essentially of: a movable first surface; a conductive coating on the bottom side of said movable first surface with electrical connection thereto; a movable second surface; a resistive coating of between 100 and 100,000 ohms per square on the top side of said movable second surface, including spaced parallel conductors along two edges of said resistive coating with provision to apply a fixed potential to said conductors causing a voltage gradient in a first coordinate direction; a conductive coating on the bottom side of said movable second surface with electrical connection thereto; a fixed third surface; a resistive coating of between 100 and 100,000 ohms per square on the top side of said third surface, including spaced parallel conductors along two edges of said resistive coating oriented substantially perpendicular to said spaced parallel conductors of said second surface with provision to apply a fixed potential to said conductors causing a voltage gradient in a second coordinate direction; a plurality of insulated spacers located between said first and second surfaces, and between said second and third surfaces, to cause said first and second surfaces and said second and third surfaces to be noncontacting in the absence of external force on said first surface, such that pressure applied to a point on said first movable surface of such magnitude as to cause deflections around said insulated spacers will cause contact between said conductive coating on said first movable surface and said resistive coating on said second movable surface, with a voltage delivered to said electrical connection of said first surface proportional to the component of motion in said first coordinate direction; and contact between said conductive coating on said second movable surface and resistive coating on said third fixed surface will result in voltage delivered to said electrical connection of said second surface proportional to the component of motion in said second coordinate direction. 37. An arrangement as defined in claim 36 wherein said first surface is marked or embossed with symbols representing sounds to be generated.

4. The management system of claim 1 , wherein the causal relationship detector includes a graph generator configured to generate a graph based on the events, the graph generator including: a vertex classifier configured to create the vertices based on an initial set of events including a first vertex, a second vertex, and a third vertex, the vertex classifier further configured to arrange the first vertex, the second vertex, and the third vertex in chronological order; and an arc classifier configured to create the arcs between the temporally adjacent vertices including a first arc connected between the first vertex and the second vertex and a second arc connected between the second vertex and the third vertex, wherein the arc classifier is configured to annotate the first arc with a first coefficient value representing a level of connectivity between the first vertex and the second vertex and annotate the second arc with a second coefficient value representing a level of connectivity between the second vertex and the third vertex.

4. The management system of claim 1 , wherein the causal relationship detector includes a graph generator configured to generate a graph based on the events, the graph generator including: a vertex classifier configured to create the vertices based on an initial set of events including a first vertex, a second vertex, and a third vertex, the vertex classifier further configured to arrange the first vertex, the second vertex, and the third vertex in chronological order; and an arc classifier configured to create the arcs between the temporally adjacent vertices including a first arc connected between the first vertex and the second vertex and a second arc connected between the second vertex and the third vertex, wherein the arc classifier is configured to annotate the first arc with a first coefficient value representing a level of connectivity between the first vertex and the second vertex and annotate the second arc with a second coefficient value representing a level of connectivity between the second vertex and the third vertex. 6. The management system of claim 4 , wherein the graph generator is configured to update the graph based on a secondary set of events, wherein the arc classifier is configured to strengthen or weaken the arcs of the graph based on, in part, a presence or absence of a repeat pattern of vertices associated with the secondary set of events.

1. A method comprising: displaying text in a display region using an initial display size; detecting a selection of a desired text collection; receiving an instruction to increase a display size of the desired text collection, wherein the instruction is provided by an input detected within the display region; determining a sequence of display sizes based on the desired text collection; detecting a selection of an increased display size larger than the initial display size from the sequence of display sizes; and displaying the desired text collection in the display region using the increased display size.

1. A method comprising: displaying text in a display region using an initial display size; detecting a selection of a desired text collection; receiving an instruction to increase a display size of the desired text collection, wherein the instruction is provided by an input detected within the display region; determining a sequence of display sizes based on the desired text collection; detecting a selection of an increased display size larger than the initial display size from the sequence of display sizes; and displaying the desired text collection in the display region using the increased display size. 2. The method of claim 1 , wherein: determining the sequence of display sizes is based on an initial size of the display region.

7. A system that facilitates generating completed electronic document forms from multiple users, comprising: an interface component that receives an electronic document that includes a set of questions and a respective set of fill-in fields, wherein the respective set of fill-in fields receive an answer to each respective question in the set of questions; a master field component that creates a master field list that segregates the set of questions and the respective set of fill-in fields into a first subset of questions and a second subset of questions, wherein the first subset of questions are restricted to a first user for input associated with the first subset of questions and the second subset of questions are restricted to a second user for input associated with the second subset of questions; a user segregation manager component that enables the following: the first user to access at least one question and to transmit an answer to at least one question within the first subset of questions independent of the second user and the second subset of questions, the answer is stored to the master field list; and the second user to access at least one question and to transmit an answer to at least one question within the second subset of questions independent of the first user and the first subset of questions, the answer is stored to the master field list; the user segregation manager component employs secure data communication between the first user and the master field list and the second user and the master field list such that information communicated by the first user and the master field list is isolated from the second user and the information communicated by the second user and the master field list is isolated from the first user; a form aggregation component that leverages the master field list to collect information received from the first user related to the first subset of questions and information received from the second user related to the second subset of questions to update the set of questions and the respective set of fill-in fields on the electronic document; a memory; and a processor coupled to the memory.

7. A system that facilitates generating completed electronic document forms from multiple users, comprising: an interface component that receives an electronic document that includes a set of questions and a respective set of fill-in fields, wherein the respective set of fill-in fields receive an answer to each respective question in the set of questions; a master field component that creates a master field list that segregates the set of questions and the respective set of fill-in fields into a first subset of questions and a second subset of questions, wherein the first subset of questions are restricted to a first user for input associated with the first subset of questions and the second subset of questions are restricted to a second user for input associated with the second subset of questions; a user segregation manager component that enables the following: the first user to access at least one question and to transmit an answer to at least one question within the first subset of questions independent of the second user and the second subset of questions, the answer is stored to the master field list; and the second user to access at least one question and to transmit an answer to at least one question within the second subset of questions independent of the first user and the first subset of questions, the answer is stored to the master field list; the user segregation manager component employs secure data communication between the first user and the master field list and the second user and the master field list such that information communicated by the first user and the master field list is isolated from the second user and the information communicated by the second user and the master field list is isolated from the first user; a form aggregation component that leverages the master field list to collect information received from the first user related to the first subset of questions and information received from the second user related to the second subset of questions to update the set of questions and the respective set of fill-in fields on the electronic document; a memory; and a processor coupled to the memory. 16. The system of claim 7 , further comprising a notification component that communicates a notification based upon at least one of a progress of answering questions within the master field list, a duration of time, a deadline, an availability of a master field list to access, or a user request.

19. The system of claim 18 , wherein said distance one variation comprises a replacement operation to generate a replacement hash table having entries of single character wild card replacements of said entries in said dictionary and said method further comprises the steps of generating single character replacements and insertions of said candidate word and comparing said single character replacements and insertions against said replacement hash table.

19. The system of claim 18 , wherein said distance one variation comprises a replacement operation to generate a replacement hash table having entries of single character wild card replacements of said entries in said dictionary and said method further comprises the steps of generating single character replacements and insertions of said candidate word and comparing said single character replacements and insertions against said replacement hash table. 20. The system of claim 19 , wherein the replacement hash table is obtained by: generating variants of each word in the dictionary, each variant is comprised of replacing any one character in the word with a wild card character and leaving other characters unchanged, thereby generating W variants for each word of length W; and for each generated variant of a word in the dictionary, storing a key-value pair in a hash table, wherein a key is a generated variant having a value that is the word itself.

12. The method of claim 5 , further comprising: evaluating the at least one confusion network on an utterance by utterance basis to determine an utterance by utterance conformity between a respective audio file and the language model; and evaluating the at least one confusion network on an overall basis to determine an overall conformity between a respective audio file and the language model.

12. The method of claim 5 , further comprising: evaluating the at least one confusion network on an utterance by utterance basis to determine an utterance by utterance conformity between a respective audio file and the language model; and evaluating the at least one confusion network on an overall basis to determine an overall conformity between a respective audio file and the language model. 13. The method of claim 12 , further comprising: determining a plurality of utterance by utterance transcription quality scores from the determined utterance by utterance conformities; and determining an overall transcription quality score from the determined overall conformity.

16. The method of claim 1 wherein the searching the reference database comprises issuing a query statement based on at least one of the one or more input keys.

16. The method of claim 1 wherein the searching the reference database comprises issuing a query statement based on at least one of the one or more input keys. 17. The method of claim 16 wherein the query statement comprises a structured query language (SQL) statement.

1. A method implemented at least in part by a computer, the method comprising: for alerts generated by detecting metric conditions in an enterprise data source according to a set of metric condition detection rules, displaying the alerts as an original list of alerts comprising headlines comprising natural language descriptions of respective metric conditions detected for metrics in one or more enterprise data sources, wherein a particular metric condition rule specifies automatic analysis dimensions and the metrics are respectively segmented using a plurality of dimensions; receiving an activation of a particular alert out of the original list of alerts; responsive to activation of the particular alert, displaying a story page comprising further detail about the metric condition of the particular alert, wherein the further detail comprises a drill down synopsis comprising segments generated by automatic drill down via the automatic analysis dimensions; responsive to activation of the further detail, displaying further drill down detail configured to allow free movement within the further drill down detail beyond what was specified in the metric condition; subsequently navigating back to the story page responsive to activation of a user interface element; and subsequently collapsing the story page responsive to a user activation, wherein collapsing the story page comprises continuing to display the particular alert and displaying the original list of alerts.

1. A method implemented at least in part by a computer, the method comprising: for alerts generated by detecting metric conditions in an enterprise data source according to a set of metric condition detection rules, displaying the alerts as an original list of alerts comprising headlines comprising natural language descriptions of respective metric conditions detected for metrics in one or more enterprise data sources, wherein a particular metric condition rule specifies automatic analysis dimensions and the metrics are respectively segmented using a plurality of dimensions; receiving an activation of a particular alert out of the original list of alerts; responsive to activation of the particular alert, displaying a story page comprising further detail about the metric condition of the particular alert, wherein the further detail comprises a drill down synopsis comprising segments generated by automatic drill down via the automatic analysis dimensions; responsive to activation of the further detail, displaying further drill down detail configured to allow free movement within the further drill down detail beyond what was specified in the metric condition; subsequently navigating back to the story page responsive to activation of a user interface element; and subsequently collapsing the story page responsive to a user activation, wherein collapsing the story page comprises continuing to display the particular alert and displaying the original list of alerts. 12. The method of claim 1 further comprising: displaying a collaboration sidebar for the particular alert; and responsive to activation of a user interface element on the collaboration sidebar, sharing the particular alert with a recipient.

3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the first set of records identifies a first set of Internet-accessible locations of potential interest.

3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the first set of records identifies a first set of Internet-accessible locations of potential interest. 4. The method of claim 3 , further comprising the following step: providing the first set of Internet-accessible locations, as represented by the first set of records, as a search result to a user.

1. A method comprising: determining one or more probabilities that a document belongs to one or more of a plurality of predefined categories; determining whether at least one of the one or more probabilities satisfies a first predetermined threshold; causing the document to be used in data loss detection when at least one of the one or more probabilities satisfies the first predetermined threshold; if at least one of the one or more probabilities does not satisfy the first predetermined threshold, determining, by a processor, whether at least one of the one or more probabilities satisfies a second predetermined threshold specific to a source of the document; and causing the document to be used in data loss detection when at least one of the one or more probabilities satisfies the second predetermined threshold.

1. A method comprising: determining one or more probabilities that a document belongs to one or more of a plurality of predefined categories; determining whether at least one of the one or more probabilities satisfies a first predetermined threshold; causing the document to be used in data loss detection when at least one of the one or more probabilities satisfies the first predetermined threshold; if at least one of the one or more probabilities does not satisfy the first predetermined threshold, determining, by a processor, whether at least one of the one or more probabilities satisfies a second predetermined threshold specific to a source of the document; and causing the document to be used in data loss detection when at least one of the one or more probabilities satisfies the second predetermined threshold. 4. The method of claim 1 , wherein determining one or more probabilities that a document belongs to one or more of a plurality of predefined categories comprises: identifying a plurality of documents, each document in the plurality of documents being associated with at least one of the plurality of predefined categories; and creating a profile for each of the plurality of predefined categories using the plurality of documents.

5. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium embodying a computer program for performing a method, said method comprising: providing Structured Query Language (SQL) extensions of for a relational model of a database described by SQL for use in coding database queries to recognize features of an entity-relationship model (ERM) for an application that stores data in the database, wherein the SQL extensions include typed data structures for defining entities of the application, associations defining relationships between the entities of the application, and for defining annotations for data models of the application, wherein the annotations enable defining additional metadata that extends data definitions of an existing data model of the application without requiring developing a new data model or redundant type structures for the application; in a database query engine configured to query the database: receiving a database query communicated to the database query engine, wherein the database query is coded in SQL with the SQL extensions; translating the database query in the database query engine to query the database; and receiving a query result from the database, wherein the existing data model of the application and the additional metadata defined by the extensions of SQL are processed together at runtime in the database query engine.

5. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium embodying a computer program for performing a method, said method comprising: providing Structured Query Language (SQL) extensions of for a relational model of a database described by SQL for use in coding database queries to recognize features of an entity-relationship model (ERM) for an application that stores data in the database, wherein the SQL extensions include typed data structures for defining entities of the application, associations defining relationships between the entities of the application, and for defining annotations for data models of the application, wherein the annotations enable defining additional metadata that extends data definitions of an existing data model of the application without requiring developing a new data model or redundant type structures for the application; in a database query engine configured to query the database: receiving a database query communicated to the database query engine, wherein the database query is coded in SQL with the SQL extensions; translating the database query in the database query engine to query the database; and receiving a query result from the database, wherein the existing data model of the application and the additional metadata defined by the extensions of SQL are processed together at runtime in the database query engine. 8. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium as in claim 5 wherein the annotations include metadata on types, entities and elements in data model definitions of the ERM.

1. An apparatus for generating a speech signal, the apparatus comprising: microphone receivers for receiving a plurality of microphone signals from a plurality of microphones; a processor configured to select a microphone receiver from the microphone receivers based on how much a microphone signal of the microphone signals reaches the selected microphone receiver via a direct path and how much reaches the microphone receiver via reverberant paths by determining, for each microphone signal, a speech similarity indication indicative of a similarity between the microphone signal and a non-reverberant speech signal, the processor being configured to determine the speech similarity indication in response to a comparison of at least one property derived from the microphone signal to at least one reference property for the non-reverberant speech signal; and a generator configured to generate the speech signal by combining the microphone signals in response to the speech similarity indications, wherein the processor is further configured to determine the speech similarity indication for a first microphone signal in response to a comparison of at least one property derived from the first microphone signal to reference properties for speech samples of a set of non-reverberant speech samples, and wherein the non-reverberant speech signal is a speech signal of one other than a user of the apparatus.

1. An apparatus for generating a speech signal, the apparatus comprising: microphone receivers for receiving a plurality of microphone signals from a plurality of microphones; a processor configured to select a microphone receiver from the microphone receivers based on how much a microphone signal of the microphone signals reaches the selected microphone receiver via a direct path and how much reaches the microphone receiver via reverberant paths by determining, for each microphone signal, a speech similarity indication indicative of a similarity between the microphone signal and a non-reverberant speech signal, the processor being configured to determine the speech similarity indication in response to a comparison of at least one property derived from the microphone signal to at least one reference property for the non-reverberant speech signal; and a generator configured to generate the speech signal by combining the microphone signals in response to the speech similarity indications, wherein the processor is further configured to determine the speech similarity indication for a first microphone signal in response to a comparison of at least one property derived from the first microphone signal to reference properties for speech samples of a set of non-reverberant speech samples, and wherein the non-reverberant speech signal is a speech signal of one other than a user of the apparatus. 8. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the speech samples of the set of non-reverberating speech samples are represented by parameters for a non-reverberating speech model.

1. An electronic device, comprising: a display; a memory; and a processor; wherein the memory stores an illustration including a character string and an expository content linked to the character string in the illustration; wherein the processor is configured to perform processing of: specifying a character string in an illustration displayed on the display; displaying an expository content linked to the specified character string; highlighting an arbitrary character string in the displayed illustration with a highlighter according to a user operation; when an expository content linked to a character string highlighted with the highlighter is displayed on the display, detecting the same character string in the displayed expository content as the character string highlighted with the highlighter and highlighting the same character string with a highlighter; when an illustration is displayed on the display according to a user operation, displaying a character string highlighted with a highlighter in invisible form; when a character string highlighted with a highlighter is displayed on the display, displaying a character string highlighted with a highlighter in invisible form; cancelling the invisible display of a character string highlighted with a highlighter according to a user operation when the illustration is displayed; and cancelling the invisible display of a character string highlighted with a highlighter according to a user operation when the expository content linked to the specified character string is displayed.

1. An electronic device, comprising: a display; a memory; and a processor; wherein the memory stores an illustration including a character string and an expository content linked to the character string in the illustration; wherein the processor is configured to perform processing of: specifying a character string in an illustration displayed on the display; displaying an expository content linked to the specified character string; highlighting an arbitrary character string in the displayed illustration with a highlighter according to a user operation; when an expository content linked to a character string highlighted with the highlighter is displayed on the display, detecting the same character string in the displayed expository content as the character string highlighted with the highlighter and highlighting the same character string with a highlighter; when an illustration is displayed on the display according to a user operation, displaying a character string highlighted with a highlighter in invisible form; when a character string highlighted with a highlighter is displayed on the display, displaying a character string highlighted with a highlighter in invisible form; cancelling the invisible display of a character string highlighted with a highlighter according to a user operation when the illustration is displayed; and cancelling the invisible display of a character string highlighted with a highlighter according to a user operation when the expository content linked to the specified character string is displayed. 2. The electronic device according to claim 1 , wherein: the memory further stores dictionary data in which each headword and expository content of the headword is associated, and the processor is configured to further perform processing of: reading out from dictionary data stored in the memory an expository content having a headword to which the specified character string in the illustration is linked as the headword, and displaying the read-out expository content; when an expository content having, as a headword, a character string other than a character string highlighted with a highlighter is displayed on the display, highlighting the headword of the displayed expository content with a highlighter according to a user operation; and when the headword of the expository content is highlighted with a highlighter, highlighting a character string in an illustration from which a link with the headword originates with a highlighter.

24. The system of claim 20 , wherein the computer program code is further designed to cause the one or more processors to: communicate an advertisement to a user with the media content.

24. The system of claim 20 , wherein the computer program code is further designed to cause the one or more processors to: communicate an advertisement to a user with the media content. 25. The system of claim 24 , wherein the computer program code is further designed to cause the one or more processors to: select the advertisement based at least in part upon the respective profile of the user.

21. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium encoding instructions thereon that, in response to execution by one or more processing devices, cause the one or more processing devices to perform operations comprising: causing display of a user interface having a threshold portion associated with a key performance indicator (KPI), the KPI defined by a search query that derives a value from machine data associated with one or more entities that provide a service, the threshold portion enabling a user to indicate one or more thresholds for the KPI and to indicate a per-entity application of the thresholds, each threshold corresponding to a different one of a plurality of KPI states; receiving an indication of the thresholds and of the per-entity application of the thresholds in response to user interaction with the user interface; storing the thresholds in association with a definition of the KPI in accordance with the received indication such that a determining of a KPI state from among a plurality of KPI states is made, for an execution of the search query, on a per-entity basis for at least one of the entities in accordance with the thresholds; and wherein the derived value for the KPI reflects a measure of the performance of the service.

21. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium encoding instructions thereon that, in response to execution by one or more processing devices, cause the one or more processing devices to perform operations comprising: causing display of a user interface having a threshold portion associated with a key performance indicator (KPI), the KPI defined by a search query that derives a value from machine data associated with one or more entities that provide a service, the threshold portion enabling a user to indicate one or more thresholds for the KPI and to indicate a per-entity application of the thresholds, each threshold corresponding to a different one of a plurality of KPI states; receiving an indication of the thresholds and of the per-entity application of the thresholds in response to user interaction with the user interface; storing the thresholds in association with a definition of the KPI in accordance with the received indication such that a determining of a KPI state from among a plurality of KPI states is made, for an execution of the search query, on a per-entity basis for at least one of the entities in accordance with the thresholds; and wherein the derived value for the KPI reflects a measure of the performance of the service. 26. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 21 wherein the service corresponds to a service definition in computer storage associating the one or more entities that provide the service.

1. A string pattern conceptualization method, particularly for a pattern of words, comprising: setting, via a processor, a reference string set comprising a plurality of strings; finding, inside the reference string set comprising the plurality of strings, at least two specific tuples of substring triples that each comprise a prefix substring, a middle substring, and a suffix substring; and considering each tuple as a candidate for representing a related concept; where: each concatenation of the substring triples is an explicit member of the reference string set; each middle substring of the substring triples is unequal to another middle substring within the substring triples found inside the reference string set; each prefix substring of the substring triples is equal to all other prefix substrings within the substring triples found inside the reference string set; each suffix substring of the substring triples is equal to all other suffix substrings within the substring triples found inside the reference string set; and either the prefix substring of the substring triples or the suffix substring of the substring triples is not empty.

1. A string pattern conceptualization method, particularly for a pattern of words, comprising: setting, via a processor, a reference string set comprising a plurality of strings; finding, inside the reference string set comprising the plurality of strings, at least two specific tuples of substring triples that each comprise a prefix substring, a middle substring, and a suffix substring; and considering each tuple as a candidate for representing a related concept; where: each concatenation of the substring triples is an explicit member of the reference string set; each middle substring of the substring triples is unequal to another middle substring within the substring triples found inside the reference string set; each prefix substring of the substring triples is equal to all other prefix substrings within the substring triples found inside the reference string set; each suffix substring of the substring triples is equal to all other suffix substrings within the substring triples found inside the reference string set; and either the prefix substring of the substring triples or the suffix substring of the substring triples is not empty. 9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising using a method for analysis of a string pattern, particularly for a pattern of words or a genome pattern, for providing maximum substrings as an input for the conceptualization method, comprising, for at least one iteration: defining a subset of substrings in the pattern of words; tracking all the substrings and their occurrence counts in the subset of substrings; and pruning away each substring if the substring is subsumed by a longer substring in the subset of substrings with a same occurrence count.

1. A computer implemented method for automatically determining a role of a user within an organization based on classification of applications and content, the method comprising the steps, executed by at least one processor, of: identifying applications and files installed on a user's computer; filtering out identified applications and identified files that are not indicative of the role of the user within the organization; functionally classifying non-filtered out identified applications and files according to associated roles within the organization, based on predetermined functional classification information; functionally classifying at least one specific identified type of file installed on the user's computer as being indicative of a specific role of the user within the organization; determining the role of the user within the organization based on at least the functional classification of the non-filtered out identified applications and files; and utilizing the functional classification of the at least one file based on the specific identified file type in the determining of the role of the user within the organization.

1. A computer implemented method for automatically determining a role of a user within an organization based on classification of applications and content, the method comprising the steps, executed by at least one processor, of: identifying applications and files installed on a user's computer; filtering out identified applications and identified files that are not indicative of the role of the user within the organization; functionally classifying non-filtered out identified applications and files according to associated roles within the organization, based on predetermined functional classification information; functionally classifying at least one specific identified type of file installed on the user's computer as being indicative of a specific role of the user within the organization; determining the role of the user within the organization based on at least the functional classification of the non-filtered out identified applications and files; and utilizing the functional classification of the at least one file based on the specific identified file type in the determining of the role of the user within the organization. 6. The method of claim 1 further comprising: gleaning information identifying most recently used applications and most recently accessed files on the user's computer; filtering out identified most recently used applications and most recently accessed files that are not indicative of the role of the user within the organization; functionally classifying the non-filtered out most recently used applications and most recently accessed files as being indicative of a specific role of the user within the organization; and utilizing the functional classification of the non-filtered out most recently used applications and most recently accessed files on the user's computer in the determining of the role of the user within the organization.

15. The method of claim 1 wherein generating a summarization document for each URL includes: capturing the timeliness of each article associated with the URL based on its publication by a publisher; and capturing a frequency of publication of each article.

15. The method of claim 1 wherein generating a summarization document for each URL includes: capturing the timeliness of each article associated with the URL based on its publication by a publisher; and capturing a frequency of publication of each article. 16. The method of claim 15 wherein the capturing the timeliness is based on a topical decay factor of the article.

1. A computer-implemented method comprising: receiving a query having an original term; determining a plurality of substitution contexts for the original term, wherein each substitution context includes one or more context terms, and wherein, when the substitution context is associated with a substitute term, the substitution context specifies substituting the original term with the substitute term in the query if and only if the one or more context terms occur in the query at a position relative to the original term specified by the substitution context; computing respective scores for each first substitution context of the plurality of substitution contexts for the original term including: generating a first alternate set comprising terms that each occur at least once in a textual collection at a position specified by the first substitution context, the position being relative to one or more context terms of the first substitution context, computing respective first rates for each first term in the first alternate set, each first rate for a first term representing (i) how often the first term occurs in the textual collection at the position specified by the first substitution context compared to (ii) how often the original term occurs in the textual collection at the position specified by the first substitution context, generating a second alternate set comprising terms that each occur at least once in a textual collection at a position specified by a different second substitution context of the plurality of substitution contexts for the original term, the position being relative to one or more context terms of the second substitution context, computing respective second rates for each second term in the second alternate set, each second rate for a second term representing (i) how often the second term occurs in the textual collection at the position specified by the second substitution context compared to (ii) how often the original term occurs in the textual collection at the position specified by the first substitution context, computing an alternate set difference between the first alternate set and the second alternate set, the alternate set difference representing a measure of divergence between the computed first rates for the first alternate set and the computed second rates for the second alternate set, and computing the score for the first substitution context relative to the second substitution context based on the alternate set difference between the first alternate set and the second alternate set; classifying each of the plurality of substitution contexts into a first category or a second category based on the respective score computed for each substitution context; associating the original term with one or more substitution contexts in the first category; and providing only substitution contexts in the first category to a substitute term generation process that generates substitute terms for the original term in the query.

1. A computer-implemented method comprising: receiving a query having an original term; determining a plurality of substitution contexts for the original term, wherein each substitution context includes one or more context terms, and wherein, when the substitution context is associated with a substitute term, the substitution context specifies substituting the original term with the substitute term in the query if and only if the one or more context terms occur in the query at a position relative to the original term specified by the substitution context; computing respective scores for each first substitution context of the plurality of substitution contexts for the original term including: generating a first alternate set comprising terms that each occur at least once in a textual collection at a position specified by the first substitution context, the position being relative to one or more context terms of the first substitution context, computing respective first rates for each first term in the first alternate set, each first rate for a first term representing (i) how often the first term occurs in the textual collection at the position specified by the first substitution context compared to (ii) how often the original term occurs in the textual collection at the position specified by the first substitution context, generating a second alternate set comprising terms that each occur at least once in a textual collection at a position specified by a different second substitution context of the plurality of substitution contexts for the original term, the position being relative to one or more context terms of the second substitution context, computing respective second rates for each second term in the second alternate set, each second rate for a second term representing (i) how often the second term occurs in the textual collection at the position specified by the second substitution context compared to (ii) how often the original term occurs in the textual collection at the position specified by the first substitution context, computing an alternate set difference between the first alternate set and the second alternate set, the alternate set difference representing a measure of divergence between the computed first rates for the first alternate set and the computed second rates for the second alternate set, and computing the score for the first substitution context relative to the second substitution context based on the alternate set difference between the first alternate set and the second alternate set; classifying each of the plurality of substitution contexts into a first category or a second category based on the respective score computed for each substitution context; associating the original term with one or more substitution contexts in the first category; and providing only substitution contexts in the first category to a substitute term generation process that generates substitute terms for the original term in the query. 4. The method of claim 1 , wherein substitution contexts in the first category are associated with larger measures of divergence between the computed first rates and the computed second rates, relative to substitution contexts in the second category.

16. A method of displaying semantically associated text search results using a text index comprising: one or more content records corresponding to an electronic document, the content records identifying one or more text terms present within the electronic document; one or more term association records associating a text term present within the electronic document identified by a content record with a pre-determined semantic definition of the text term; one or more content association records linking a term association record of the one or more term association records with a content records of the one or more content records; said method comprising: enabling a user to select, in a search engine, one or more user-defined text search terms desired to be located within the text index; for user-defined text search terms having term association records within the text index, iteratively presenting to the user a list of pre-determined semantic definitions associated with each of the one or more user-defined text search terms and enabling the user to select a pre-determined semantic definition of those one or more user-defined text search terms; searching the content association records contained within the text index using the user-defined text search terms to locate electronic documents previously catalogued as containing the one or more user-defined text search terms in association with the selected pre-determined semantic definition, to form a semantically relevant results set; displaying the semantically relevant results set to the user; and updating or creating a new content association record during the use of the text index by associating a particular electronic document with the user-defined text search terms, and selected pre-determined semantic definition of the user-defined text search terms, used to locate the particular electronic document, and wherein one or more term association records are updated or created during the use of the text index by enabling the user to select pre-determined semantic definitions for association with user-defined text search terms.

16. A method of displaying semantically associated text search results using a text index comprising: one or more content records corresponding to an electronic document, the content records identifying one or more text terms present within the electronic document; one or more term association records associating a text term present within the electronic document identified by a content record with a pre-determined semantic definition of the text term; one or more content association records linking a term association record of the one or more term association records with a content records of the one or more content records; said method comprising: enabling a user to select, in a search engine, one or more user-defined text search terms desired to be located within the text index; for user-defined text search terms having term association records within the text index, iteratively presenting to the user a list of pre-determined semantic definitions associated with each of the one or more user-defined text search terms and enabling the user to select a pre-determined semantic definition of those one or more user-defined text search terms; searching the content association records contained within the text index using the user-defined text search terms to locate electronic documents previously catalogued as containing the one or more user-defined text search terms in association with the selected pre-determined semantic definition, to form a semantically relevant results set; displaying the semantically relevant results set to the user; and updating or creating a new content association record during the use of the text index by associating a particular electronic document with the user-defined text search terms, and selected pre-determined semantic definition of the user-defined text search terms, used to locate the particular electronic document, and wherein one or more term association records are updated or created during the use of the text index by enabling the user to select pre-determined semantic definitions for association with user-defined text search terms. 34. A computer readable memory having recorded thereon statements and instructions for execution by a data processing system to carry out the method of claim 16 .

11. A system for generating a stream of content for a plurality of channels, the system comprising: one or more processors; a model generation engine stored on a memory and executed by the one or more processors, the model generation engine for generating a model for a user comprising an interest of the user and prior interaction of the user with heterogeneous data sources; a content categorizer stored on the memory and coupled to the model generation engine, the content categorizer for categorizing content items received from the heterogeneous data sources by annotating each content item with a dynamic feature including an interestingness score; a channel engine coupled to the content categorizer, the channel engine for identifying a first channel category for the user based on a historical trend and the prior interaction of the user with the heterogeneous data sources, the historical trend including a change in a number of the content items categorized under the first channel category; a user interface engine coupled to the channel engine, the user interface engine for providing the user with a user interface for customizing the plurality of channels with a second channel category; and a scoring engine coupled to the model generation engine, the content categorizer, the channel engine and the user interface engine, the scoring engine for computing the interestingness score for each candidate content item received from the heterogeneous data sources by summing properties of each candidate content item over single-attribute properties using the model and based upon interestingness of each candidate content item to the user and an extent to which the candidate content item's popularity has increased within a geographic area associated with the user, receiving an input through the user interface specifying the second channel category, querying the content items based on the first channel category, the second channel category and at least one channel attribute, in response to the query, receiving candidate content items that include the first channel category, the second channel category and the at least one channel attribute and comparing the interestingness score for each candidate content item with a threshold for the first channel category and the second channel category to determine the candidate content items that have an interestingness score that exceeds the threshold, and generating the stream of content from the candidate content items that have an interestingness score that exceeds the threshold.

11. A system for generating a stream of content for a plurality of channels, the system comprising: one or more processors; a model generation engine stored on a memory and executed by the one or more processors, the model generation engine for generating a model for a user comprising an interest of the user and prior interaction of the user with heterogeneous data sources; a content categorizer stored on the memory and coupled to the model generation engine, the content categorizer for categorizing content items received from the heterogeneous data sources by annotating each content item with a dynamic feature including an interestingness score; a channel engine coupled to the content categorizer, the channel engine for identifying a first channel category for the user based on a historical trend and the prior interaction of the user with the heterogeneous data sources, the historical trend including a change in a number of the content items categorized under the first channel category; a user interface engine coupled to the channel engine, the user interface engine for providing the user with a user interface for customizing the plurality of channels with a second channel category; and a scoring engine coupled to the model generation engine, the content categorizer, the channel engine and the user interface engine, the scoring engine for computing the interestingness score for each candidate content item received from the heterogeneous data sources by summing properties of each candidate content item over single-attribute properties using the model and based upon interestingness of each candidate content item to the user and an extent to which the candidate content item's popularity has increased within a geographic area associated with the user, receiving an input through the user interface specifying the second channel category, querying the content items based on the first channel category, the second channel category and at least one channel attribute, in response to the query, receiving candidate content items that include the first channel category, the second channel category and the at least one channel attribute and comparing the interestingness score for each candidate content item with a threshold for the first channel category and the second channel category to determine the candidate content items that have an interestingness score that exceeds the threshold, and generating the stream of content from the candidate content items that have an interestingness score that exceeds the threshold. 16. The system of claim 11 , wherein the model generation engine updates the model based on the interaction of the user with the heterogeneous data sources.

1. A machine-implemented method for assisting the authoring of electronic messages, comprising: invoking machine-implemented electronic messaging logic, said electronic messaging logic including user-interface object logic operable to display a user-interface object and invoke machine-implemented conversation advisor logic in response to user activation of said user-interface logic; initiating the creation of an electronic message using said electronic messaging logic, said electronic message being stored in digital form in a computer memory; invoking said conversation advisor logic in response to activation of said user-interface logic by an author of said electronic message; said conversation advisor logic accessing said electronic message in said computer memory; said conversation advisor logic inspecting one or more fields of said electronic message to identify intended recipients of said electronic message; said conversation advisor logic gathering and analyzing historical data relating to a conversation history in one or more previous electronic messages that link said author of said electronic message to said intended recipients, said gathering and analyzing of historical data including extracting and storing message content from said one or more previous electronic messages that is indicative of historical semantic styles and guidelines have been used in the past by said author to converse with said intended recipients via one or more electronic message applications; said conversation advisor logic sorting, tagging and storing said message content in a computer database as a sorted/tagged dataset that represents said historical data, said historical data being arranged in individual database entries that are each specific to a particular one of said intended recipients or to said intended recipients as a group; said conversation advisor logic being operable to populate some or all of said sorted/tagged dataset with data entries containing said historical data in advance of said electronic message being created by periodically searching for new electronic messages created by said electronic messaging logic and extracting said message content therefrom; said conversation advisor logic being operable to supplement said sorted/tagged dataset with one or more additional database entries during creation of said electronic message to account for any of said intended recipients who are not represented by existing database entries in said sorted/tagged dataset; said conversation advisor logic performing semantic analysis on said electronic message to extract words and phrases representing recipient fitness information that is indicative of whether said electronic message is appropriate for said intended recipients by virtue of being consistent with said historical data; said conversation advisor logic generating a fitness result for said electronic message by comparing said recipient fitness information to said historical data and identifying inconsistencies between said words and phrases represented by said recipient fitness information and said historical semantic styles and guidelines represented by said historical data; and said conversation advisor logic outputting said fitness result for viewing on an electronic display device associated with said author of said electronic message.

1. A machine-implemented method for assisting the authoring of electronic messages, comprising: invoking machine-implemented electronic messaging logic, said electronic messaging logic including user-interface object logic operable to display a user-interface object and invoke machine-implemented conversation advisor logic in response to user activation of said user-interface logic; initiating the creation of an electronic message using said electronic messaging logic, said electronic message being stored in digital form in a computer memory; invoking said conversation advisor logic in response to activation of said user-interface logic by an author of said electronic message; said conversation advisor logic accessing said electronic message in said computer memory; said conversation advisor logic inspecting one or more fields of said electronic message to identify intended recipients of said electronic message; said conversation advisor logic gathering and analyzing historical data relating to a conversation history in one or more previous electronic messages that link said author of said electronic message to said intended recipients, said gathering and analyzing of historical data including extracting and storing message content from said one or more previous electronic messages that is indicative of historical semantic styles and guidelines have been used in the past by said author to converse with said intended recipients via one or more electronic message applications; said conversation advisor logic sorting, tagging and storing said message content in a computer database as a sorted/tagged dataset that represents said historical data, said historical data being arranged in individual database entries that are each specific to a particular one of said intended recipients or to said intended recipients as a group; said conversation advisor logic being operable to populate some or all of said sorted/tagged dataset with data entries containing said historical data in advance of said electronic message being created by periodically searching for new electronic messages created by said electronic messaging logic and extracting said message content therefrom; said conversation advisor logic being operable to supplement said sorted/tagged dataset with one or more additional database entries during creation of said electronic message to account for any of said intended recipients who are not represented by existing database entries in said sorted/tagged dataset; said conversation advisor logic performing semantic analysis on said electronic message to extract words and phrases representing recipient fitness information that is indicative of whether said electronic message is appropriate for said intended recipients by virtue of being consistent with said historical data; said conversation advisor logic generating a fitness result for said electronic message by comparing said recipient fitness information to said historical data and identifying inconsistencies between said words and phrases represented by said recipient fitness information and said historical semantic styles and guidelines represented by said historical data; and said conversation advisor logic outputting said fitness result for viewing on an electronic display device associated with said author of said electronic message. 4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said recipient fitness information comprises words or phrases representing proper names, nicknames and genders associated with said intended recipients.

1. A computer-implemented versioning system, comprising: an application user interface that enables presentation of content of a document of a collaboration application, presentation of version information as part of the document, and enables editing of the content of the document of the application; a versioning component configured to track and present updated version information as part of the document in the application user interface based on edits made to the content as part of collaboration of multiple users, the updated version information presented as part of the document, wherein the collaboration is performed in combination with a viewing window that presents an edit and version information in association with user identity information of a user that made the edit, and the viewing window is a user interface of a messaging application that processes messages communicated between the users in combination with the collaboration; and a processor that executes computer-executable instructions in a memory associated with at least the versioning component.

1. A computer-implemented versioning system, comprising: an application user interface that enables presentation of content of a document of a collaboration application, presentation of version information as part of the document, and enables editing of the content of the document of the application; a versioning component configured to track and present updated version information as part of the document in the application user interface based on edits made to the content as part of collaboration of multiple users, the updated version information presented as part of the document, wherein the collaboration is performed in combination with a viewing window that presents an edit and version information in association with user identity information of a user that made the edit, and the viewing window is a user interface of a messaging application that processes messages communicated between the users in combination with the collaboration; and a processor that executes computer-executable instructions in a memory associated with at least the versioning component. 5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the version information includes at least one of document name, version count, identity information of a user that made the edit, date, time, chronological information relative to other edits, or sharing information.

9. A computer program product for fault alerting in mock object supported unit testing, the computer program product comprising: a computer readable storage medium having computer readable program code embodied therewith, wherein the computer readable storage medium is not a transitory signal per se, the computer readable program code comprising: computer readable program code for creating an instance a mock object proxying for an object under test by test code; determining whether or not the method exists in memory for the mock object corresponding to the method name and a method signature.

9. A computer program product for fault alerting in mock object supported unit testing, the computer program product comprising: a computer readable storage medium having computer readable program code embodied therewith, wherein the computer readable storage medium is not a transitory signal per se, the computer readable program code comprising: computer readable program code for creating an instance a mock object proxying for an object under test by test code; determining whether or not the method exists in memory for the mock object corresponding to the method name and a method signature. 10. The computer program product of claim 9 , wherein the mock object has a constructor that is private in nature.

17. An apparatus for processing a query for transmission to an object-relational database server, comprising: a client computing system; a parser, within the client computing system, that parses the query to determine which object-relational structures the query is attempting to access; a query checking mechanism, within the client computing system, that determines, from data dictionary information loaded from the object-relational database server and cached locally on the client computing system, if the object-relational structures the query is attempting to access exist in the object-relational database server; an error handler, within the client computing system, that indicates an error if the object-relational structures do not exist on the object-relational database server; and a communication mechanism, within the client computing system, that is configured to, send the query to the object-relational database server if the object-relational structures exist on the object-relational database server, and to indicate an error condition if the object-relational structures do not exist on the object-relational database server.

17. An apparatus for processing a query for transmission to an object-relational database server, comprising: a client computing system; a parser, within the client computing system, that parses the query to determine which object-relational structures the query is attempting to access; a query checking mechanism, within the client computing system, that determines, from data dictionary information loaded from the object-relational database server and cached locally on the client computing system, if the object-relational structures the query is attempting to access exist in the object-relational database server; an error handler, within the client computing system, that indicates an error if the object-relational structures do not exist on the object-relational database server; and a communication mechanism, within the client computing system, that is configured to, send the query to the object-relational database server if the object-relational structures exist on the object-relational database server, and to indicate an error condition if the object-relational structures do not exist on the object-relational database server. 28. The apparatus of claim 17, further comprising a query receiving mechanism that receives a command in the form of a manipulation of a graphical object in a graphical user interface from a user of the client computing system, and converts the command into a corresponding object-relational database query.

8. A non-transitory computer readable medium that stores a set of instructions for incorporating author feedback on placement of advertising in a webpage which, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to perform the steps of: receiving a webpage created by an author and at least one cluster of candidate advertisements, wherein the webpage includes content and the candidate advertisements are topically similar to the content of the webpage; ranking the candidate advertisements by degree of topical similarity to the webpage content; pairing the ranked candidate advertisements to the webpage content; receiving feedback provided by the author of the webpage regarding the placement of the candidate advertisements within the webpage, wherein the feedback comprises at least one of a binary opinion of the author on relevance of the candidate advertisement to the webpage and a binary opinion of the author on appropriateness of the candidate advertisement to the webpage; retrieving a credibility score corresponding to click-through rates of previous advertisements upon which feedback has been provided; ranking the candidate advertisements based on the feedback of the author and the credibility score; selecting at least one advertisement from among the candidate advertisements for incorporation into the webpage; transmitting the selected advertisement to a user; receiving a selection of a link corresponding to the incorporated advertisement; wherein if the author has a credibility score, incrementing the author credibility score based on the selection of the link; and wherein if the author does not have a credibility score, creating the author credibility score based on the selection of the link.

8. A non-transitory computer readable medium that stores a set of instructions for incorporating author feedback on placement of advertising in a webpage which, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to perform the steps of: receiving a webpage created by an author and at least one cluster of candidate advertisements, wherein the webpage includes content and the candidate advertisements are topically similar to the content of the webpage; ranking the candidate advertisements by degree of topical similarity to the webpage content; pairing the ranked candidate advertisements to the webpage content; receiving feedback provided by the author of the webpage regarding the placement of the candidate advertisements within the webpage, wherein the feedback comprises at least one of a binary opinion of the author on relevance of the candidate advertisement to the webpage and a binary opinion of the author on appropriateness of the candidate advertisement to the webpage; retrieving a credibility score corresponding to click-through rates of previous advertisements upon which feedback has been provided; ranking the candidate advertisements based on the feedback of the author and the credibility score; selecting at least one advertisement from among the candidate advertisements for incorporation into the webpage; transmitting the selected advertisement to a user; receiving a selection of a link corresponding to the incorporated advertisement; wherein if the author has a credibility score, incrementing the author credibility score based on the selection of the link; and wherein if the author does not have a credibility score, creating the author credibility score based on the selection of the link. 9. The computer readable medium of claim 8 , wherein the cluster of candidate advertisements, prior to being selected for placement on the webpage, are clustered using an advertisement clustering function.

1. A computer-implemented method of creating an index of web queries, comprising: receiving a first query representative of one or more non-alphanumeric symbolic characters; receiving a second query representative of another one or more non-alphanumeric symbolic characters, the first and the second queries sharing at least one common non-alphanumeric symbolic character; creating suffix strings corresponding to the first and the second queries; converting the suffix strings into binary representations; utilizing the binary representations of the suffix strings to form a first binary tree, nodes of the first binary tree having a plurality of queries incorporated therein and at least one of the nodes including an indication of a digit to compare to differentiate the binary representations corresponding to the first and the second queries; creating a first text string of alphanumeric characters representative of the one or more non-alphanumeric symbolic characters of the first query; creating a second text string of alphanumeric characters representative of the another one or more non-alphanumeric symbolic characters of the second query; incorporating, with the use of a processor, the first and the second text strings into a second binary tree capable of having a plurality of text strings incorporated therein, the second binary tree having at least one node that corresponds to one of the plurality of queries incorporated within the first binary tree.

1. A computer-implemented method of creating an index of web queries, comprising: receiving a first query representative of one or more non-alphanumeric symbolic characters; receiving a second query representative of another one or more non-alphanumeric symbolic characters, the first and the second queries sharing at least one common non-alphanumeric symbolic character; creating suffix strings corresponding to the first and the second queries; converting the suffix strings into binary representations; utilizing the binary representations of the suffix strings to form a first binary tree, nodes of the first binary tree having a plurality of queries incorporated therein and at least one of the nodes including an indication of a digit to compare to differentiate the binary representations corresponding to the first and the second queries; creating a first text string of alphanumeric characters representative of the one or more non-alphanumeric symbolic characters of the first query; creating a second text string of alphanumeric characters representative of the another one or more non-alphanumeric symbolic characters of the second query; incorporating, with the use of a processor, the first and the second text strings into a second binary tree capable of having a plurality of text strings incorporated therein, the second binary tree having at least one node that corresponds to one of the plurality of queries incorporated within the first binary tree. 7. The method of claim 1 , wherein creating the suffix strings comprises including data representative of a portion of an end of the first query and a portion of an end of the second query.

16. One or more computer readable media storing information to allow a computer to send or receive queries for searching a social network or responses to such queries, where the computer performs a process comprising: sending or receiving query statements of a query language not implemented by an underlying database that stores the social network, the database storing the social network according to a database schema, where the query language allows a query statement to specify target persons in the social network based on first properties of the target persons and allows the query statement to specify one or more second properties of persons that directly or indirectly connect, within the social network, the searcher to the target persons, where execution of the query statement will return only target persons that have the first properties and that are connected to the searcher by other persons that have the second properties, where persons that satisfy the second properties but not the first properties are not returned if the query statement is executed against the social network; and performing searches for the query statements by receiving the query statements, using the social network schema to map the query statements to a queries in a query language implemented by the database, submitting the queries to the database and in response receiving results structured in accordance with the database schema, where the social network schema defines a person node data type and a connector data type, the connector data type comprising properties including a connector property typed as the person node data type, where the specified first properties and second properties are mapped according to the person node data type.

16. One or more computer readable media storing information to allow a computer to send or receive queries for searching a social network or responses to such queries, where the computer performs a process comprising: sending or receiving query statements of a query language not implemented by an underlying database that stores the social network, the database storing the social network according to a database schema, where the query language allows a query statement to specify target persons in the social network based on first properties of the target persons and allows the query statement to specify one or more second properties of persons that directly or indirectly connect, within the social network, the searcher to the target persons, where execution of the query statement will return only target persons that have the first properties and that are connected to the searcher by other persons that have the second properties, where persons that satisfy the second properties but not the first properties are not returned if the query statement is executed against the social network; and performing searches for the query statements by receiving the query statements, using the social network schema to map the query statements to a queries in a query language implemented by the database, submitting the queries to the database and in response receiving results structured in accordance with the database schema, where the social network schema defines a person node data type and a connector data type, the connector data type comprising properties including a connector property typed as the person node data type, where the specified first properties and second properties are mapped according to the person node data type. 19. One or more computer readable media storing information according to claim 16 , wherein the query statements are instances of schema information that defines the query language.

11. The computer-readable storage device of claim 10 , further comprising: determining whether the result is to be shared with the at least one second human user; and when determined that the result is to be shared with the at least one second human user, displaying the result associated with performing the agent action to the at least one second human user.

11. The computer-readable storage device of claim 10 , further comprising: determining whether the result is to be shared with the at least one second human user; and when determined that the result is to be shared with the at least one second human user, displaying the result associated with performing the agent action to the at least one second human user. 14. The computer-readable storage device of claim 11 , wherein determining whether the result is to be shared with the at least one second human user comprises determining whether a prior result associated with performing the agent action has been previously shared with the at least one second human user.

7. A substantially purified and isolated protein fraction, obtained from a composition according to claim 2 , and having at least 50% of its maximal cellulase activity at a pH between about 6.0 and about 7.0.

7. A substantially purified and isolated protein fraction, obtained from a composition according to claim 2 , and having at least 50% of its maximal cellulase activity at a pH between about 6.0 and about 7.0. 13. A substantially purified and isolated neutral and/or alkaline cellulase enzyme, isolated from a protein fraction according to claim 7 , and having a pI of between about 3 and about 5.5.

10. A system comprising: a network surveillance module of a network management subsystem configured to manage a wide area network, the network surveillance module configured to conduct surveillance of the wide area network; and an alarm message conversion module of the network management subsystem, the alarm message conversion module including at least one hardware processor configured to: receive a plurality of network alarm messages provided by a plurality of network elements of the wide area network, the plurality of network alarm messages being in a plurality of heterogeneous message formats, convert the plurality of network alarm messages in the plurality of heterogeneous message formats to a plurality of new network alarm messages in a network universal message format based on a plurality of mapping data files and a plurality of translation rules data files associated with the plurality of heterogeneous message formats, provide the plurality of new network alarm messages in the network universal message format to the network surveillance module for use by the network surveillance module in conducting the surveillance of the wide area network, wherein the network surveillance module is configured to conduct the surveillance of the wide area network by interpreting the plurality of new network alarm messages in the network universal message format and performing a root-cause analysis based at least in part on the interpreted new network alarm messages in the network universal message format, receive a request to add a new mapping data file and a new translation rules data file associated with a new message format to the plurality of mapping data files and the plurality of translation rules data files associated with the plurality of heterogeneous message formats, and add the new mapping data file and the new translation rules data file associated with the new message format to the plurality of mapping data files and the plurality of translation rules data files associated with the plurality of heterogeneous message formats for use by the alarm message conversion module in translating one or more network alarm messages from the new message format to the network universal message format, wherein the addition of the new mapping data file and the new translation rules data file is performed without interrupting the surveillance of the wide area network.

10. A system comprising: a network surveillance module of a network management subsystem configured to manage a wide area network, the network surveillance module configured to conduct surveillance of the wide area network; and an alarm message conversion module of the network management subsystem, the alarm message conversion module including at least one hardware processor configured to: receive a plurality of network alarm messages provided by a plurality of network elements of the wide area network, the plurality of network alarm messages being in a plurality of heterogeneous message formats, convert the plurality of network alarm messages in the plurality of heterogeneous message formats to a plurality of new network alarm messages in a network universal message format based on a plurality of mapping data files and a plurality of translation rules data files associated with the plurality of heterogeneous message formats, provide the plurality of new network alarm messages in the network universal message format to the network surveillance module for use by the network surveillance module in conducting the surveillance of the wide area network, wherein the network surveillance module is configured to conduct the surveillance of the wide area network by interpreting the plurality of new network alarm messages in the network universal message format and performing a root-cause analysis based at least in part on the interpreted new network alarm messages in the network universal message format, receive a request to add a new mapping data file and a new translation rules data file associated with a new message format to the plurality of mapping data files and the plurality of translation rules data files associated with the plurality of heterogeneous message formats, and add the new mapping data file and the new translation rules data file associated with the new message format to the plurality of mapping data files and the plurality of translation rules data files associated with the plurality of heterogeneous message formats for use by the alarm message conversion module in translating one or more network alarm messages from the new message format to the network universal message format, wherein the addition of the new mapping data file and the new translation rules data file is performed without interrupting the surveillance of the wide area network. 13. The system of claim 10 , wherein the wide area network comprises at least one of a fiber-to-the-premises network and an optical network.

17. A non-transitory computer-readable memory that stores instructions that when executed by a processor perform a method for storing formatting information for at least one cell in a spreadsheet document described in a markup language, wherein the spreadsheet document includes a plurality of style objects, the method comprising: parsing the spreadsheet document to generate at least one display list of a cell format object for the at least one cell by: obtaining cell formatting information for the at least one cell from a master style object that stores master formatting information for the at least one cell; obtaining named style information for the at least one cell from a style name object that stores named styles for the at least one cell and references the cell master style object; obtaining cell specific formatting information for the at least one cell from a cell-specific style object that includes cell specific formatting information for the at least one cell and references the master style object, wherein the cell specific formatting information overrides master formatting information; generating combined cell formatting information for the at least one cell in the cell format object, wherein the combined cell formatting information in the cell format object comprises named styles for the at least one cell, cell-specific formatting information that has overridden formatting information in the master style object, and master formatting information that has not been overridden by the cell-specific formatting information, wherein the formatting information originally described in the master style object but overridden by the cell-specific information is not included in the combined cell formatting information for the cell format object; and storing the combined cell formatting information as the at least one display list of the cell format object; and rasterizing the at least one cell in a frame buffer using the stored at least one display list of the cell format object.

17. A non-transitory computer-readable memory that stores instructions that when executed by a processor perform a method for storing formatting information for at least one cell in a spreadsheet document described in a markup language, wherein the spreadsheet document includes a plurality of style objects, the method comprising: parsing the spreadsheet document to generate at least one display list of a cell format object for the at least one cell by: obtaining cell formatting information for the at least one cell from a master style object that stores master formatting information for the at least one cell; obtaining named style information for the at least one cell from a style name object that stores named styles for the at least one cell and references the cell master style object; obtaining cell specific formatting information for the at least one cell from a cell-specific style object that includes cell specific formatting information for the at least one cell and references the master style object, wherein the cell specific formatting information overrides master formatting information; generating combined cell formatting information for the at least one cell in the cell format object, wherein the combined cell formatting information in the cell format object comprises named styles for the at least one cell, cell-specific formatting information that has overridden formatting information in the master style object, and master formatting information that has not been overridden by the cell-specific formatting information, wherein the formatting information originally described in the master style object but overridden by the cell-specific information is not included in the combined cell formatting information for the cell format object; and storing the combined cell formatting information as the at least one display list of the cell format object; and rasterizing the at least one cell in a frame buffer using the stored at least one display list of the cell format object. 19. The computer-readable memory of claim 17 , wherein the spreadsheet document is described in SML.

19. A system comprising: data processing apparatus; and a computer-readable medium storing computer software instructions executable by the data processing apparatus to perform operations comprising: displaying, at a touch-sensitive display, a plurality of characters, each of the characters being a character in a language script; receiving, at the touch-sensitive display, a touch selection for a first character from the plurality of characters, the touch selection being received at a location on the touch-sensitive display at which the first character is displayed; and in response to receiving the touch selection: during a gesture input associated with the touch selection for the first character, precluding a touch selection for each other character from the plurality of characters displayed in the touch-sensitive display; detecting at least a portion of the gesture input at a second, different location on the touch sensitive display, and wherein a portion of the gesture input overlaps a location of the touch-sensitive display at which the first character is displayed during the gesture input; accessing data associating gesture inputs with respective diacritic markers; selecting a diacritic marker based at least in part on the association of gesture inputs with respective diacritic markers, wherein the respective diacritic markers are not displayed during the gesture input and the selected diacritic marker is the diacritic marker associated with the gesture input for which a portion is detected at the second, different location; and displaying, at the touch-sensitive display, an updated representation of the first character based at least in part on the selected diacritic marker.

19. A system comprising: data processing apparatus; and a computer-readable medium storing computer software instructions executable by the data processing apparatus to perform operations comprising: displaying, at a touch-sensitive display, a plurality of characters, each of the characters being a character in a language script; receiving, at the touch-sensitive display, a touch selection for a first character from the plurality of characters, the touch selection being received at a location on the touch-sensitive display at which the first character is displayed; and in response to receiving the touch selection: during a gesture input associated with the touch selection for the first character, precluding a touch selection for each other character from the plurality of characters displayed in the touch-sensitive display; detecting at least a portion of the gesture input at a second, different location on the touch sensitive display, and wherein a portion of the gesture input overlaps a location of the touch-sensitive display at which the first character is displayed during the gesture input; accessing data associating gesture inputs with respective diacritic markers; selecting a diacritic marker based at least in part on the association of gesture inputs with respective diacritic markers, wherein the respective diacritic markers are not displayed during the gesture input and the selected diacritic marker is the diacritic marker associated with the gesture input for which a portion is detected at the second, different location; and displaying, at the touch-sensitive display, an updated representation of the first character based at least in part on the selected diacritic marker. 24. The system of claim 19 , wherein the language script is one selected from a group consisting of Korean, Arabic, and Hindi.

1. A method for configurable character variant unification, the method comprising: determining that a unification profile is applicable to a circumstance in which a character variant has been selected, wherein the unification profile is configured in the form of a plurality of levels, wherein the unification profile applies to the circumstance, and wherein each level in the plurality of levels applies to a different sub-circumstance within the circumstance wherein each different sub-circumstance narrows the applicability of the unification profile, wherein the character variant is a variation of a character in a set of variations of the character such that each variation of the character in the set is represented by a unique Unicode code point; identifying a unification repository from a set of unification repository according to the unification profile and a selected level that is applicable to a particular sub-circumstance, each unification repository in the set of unification repositories including a different set of variants, wherein the unification profile comprises information to combine a subset of unification repositories from the set of unification repository; determining whether the character variant satisfies a unification rule; selecting, responsive to the character variant not satisfying the unification rule, a different variation of the character from the unification repository, the different variation forming a replacement character variant; and using the replacement character variant in place of the character variant.

1. A method for configurable character variant unification, the method comprising: determining that a unification profile is applicable to a circumstance in which a character variant has been selected, wherein the unification profile is configured in the form of a plurality of levels, wherein the unification profile applies to the circumstance, and wherein each level in the plurality of levels applies to a different sub-circumstance within the circumstance wherein each different sub-circumstance narrows the applicability of the unification profile, wherein the character variant is a variation of a character in a set of variations of the character such that each variation of the character in the set is represented by a unique Unicode code point; identifying a unification repository from a set of unification repository according to the unification profile and a selected level that is applicable to a particular sub-circumstance, each unification repository in the set of unification repositories including a different set of variants, wherein the unification profile comprises information to combine a subset of unification repositories from the set of unification repository; determining whether the character variant satisfies a unification rule; selecting, responsive to the character variant not satisfying the unification rule, a different variation of the character from the unification repository, the different variation forming a replacement character variant; and using the replacement character variant in place of the character variant. 15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the unification profile applies to a geographical region, and wherein the unification repository is selected according to the selected level in the unification profile.

10. A system for creating a virtual personal assistant (“VPA”) computer application for a domain of interest, the system comprising one or more computing devices configured to: access a computerized ontology defining a structure for representing knowledge relating to a plurality of domains, each domain referring to a category of information and/or activities in relation to which the VPA computer application may conduct a conversational spoken natural language dialog with a computing device user, the ontology having linked thereto a plurality of re-usable VPA components, each of the re-usable VPA components being accessible by an executable VPA engine to, during operation of the VPA, determine a likely intended goal of the computing device user based on a determined meaning of explicit and implicit conversational natural language input of the computing device user, execute a task on behalf of the computing device user, and/or generate a likely appropriate system output in response to the conversational natural language input; determine a data relationship between the domain of interest and at least a portion of the ontology; and responsive to the determination of the data relationship, suggest a re-usable VPA component to use to create the VPA computer application for the domain of interest based on the data relationship between the domain of interest and the ontology.

10. A system for creating a virtual personal assistant (“VPA”) computer application for a domain of interest, the system comprising one or more computing devices configured to: access a computerized ontology defining a structure for representing knowledge relating to a plurality of domains, each domain referring to a category of information and/or activities in relation to which the VPA computer application may conduct a conversational spoken natural language dialog with a computing device user, the ontology having linked thereto a plurality of re-usable VPA components, each of the re-usable VPA components being accessible by an executable VPA engine to, during operation of the VPA, determine a likely intended goal of the computing device user based on a determined meaning of explicit and implicit conversational natural language input of the computing device user, execute a task on behalf of the computing device user, and/or generate a likely appropriate system output in response to the conversational natural language input; determine a data relationship between the domain of interest and at least a portion of the ontology; and responsive to the determination of the data relationship, suggest a re-usable VPA component to use to create the VPA computer application for the domain of interest based on the data relationship between the domain of interest and the ontology. 12. The system of claim 10 , configured to create a customized version of the suggested re-usable VPA component for the domain of interest.

11. A computer storage device, having computer-executable instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, perform a method for converting text-to-speech, the method comprising: receiving text input into a plurality of first level recurrent neural networks; determining, by a first recurrent neural network in the plurality of first level recurrent neural networks, one or more properties of the text input from the group consisting of: part-of-speech properties, phonemes, linguistic prosody properties, contextual properties, and semantic properties; determining, by a second recurrent neural network in the plurality of first level recurrent neural networks, one or more properties of the text input from the group consisting of: part-of-speech properties, phonemes, linguistic prosody properties, contextual properties, and semantic properties, wherein the determined one or properties by the second recurrent neural network is different from the determined one or more properties by the first recurrent neural network; receiving, by a recurrent neural network in a second level, the determined properties from the first recurrent neural network in the plurality of first level recurrent neural networks and the second recurrent neural networks in the plurality of first level recurrent neural networks; determining by the recurrent neural network in the second level, phonetic properties for the text input based on the properties received from the first recurrent neural network in the plurality of first level recurrent neural networks and the second neural network in the plurality of first level recurrent neural networks, wherein the recurrent neural network in the second level is different from the first recurrent neural network in the plurality of first level recurrent neural networks and the second recurrent neural network in the plurality of first level recurrent neural networks; and based on the determined phonetic properties, generating a generation sequence for synthetization by an audio synthesizer.

11. A computer storage device, having computer-executable instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, perform a method for converting text-to-speech, the method comprising: receiving text input into a plurality of first level recurrent neural networks; determining, by a first recurrent neural network in the plurality of first level recurrent neural networks, one or more properties of the text input from the group consisting of: part-of-speech properties, phonemes, linguistic prosody properties, contextual properties, and semantic properties; determining, by a second recurrent neural network in the plurality of first level recurrent neural networks, one or more properties of the text input from the group consisting of: part-of-speech properties, phonemes, linguistic prosody properties, contextual properties, and semantic properties, wherein the determined one or properties by the second recurrent neural network is different from the determined one or more properties by the first recurrent neural network; receiving, by a recurrent neural network in a second level, the determined properties from the first recurrent neural network in the plurality of first level recurrent neural networks and the second recurrent neural networks in the plurality of first level recurrent neural networks; determining by the recurrent neural network in the second level, phonetic properties for the text input based on the properties received from the first recurrent neural network in the plurality of first level recurrent neural networks and the second neural network in the plurality of first level recurrent neural networks, wherein the recurrent neural network in the second level is different from the first recurrent neural network in the plurality of first level recurrent neural networks and the second recurrent neural network in the plurality of first level recurrent neural networks; and based on the determined phonetic properties, generating a generation sequence for synthetization by an audio synthesizer. 14. The computer storage device of claim 11 , wherein the method further comprises optimizing the generation sequence.

8. A system comprising: a computer implemented Bayesian diagnostic system, wherein the diagnostic system includes an inferencing engine and a conditional probability table stored on a non-transitory storage device that forms the basis for Bayesian inferences once the diagnostic system is trained, each inference including a diagnosis and associated probability of the diagnosis, wherein training the diagnostic system includes providing the diagnostic system with historical input data and a corresponding diagnosis to be derived from the historical input data and providing new input data having a predetermined diagnosis, wherein the diagnostic system generates a conditional probability table of a new diagnosis using the new input data; and a confidence generator stored on a non-transitory storage device to receive the inferences, and generate a confidence measure for each inference, wherein the confidence indicator is generated on a per-inference basis and wherein the confidence generator further generates a cumulative confidence measure for multiple per-inference confidence intervals, and wherein the diagnostic system is trained when the confidence indicator of the new diagnosis is greater than a predetermined threshold.

8. A system comprising: a computer implemented Bayesian diagnostic system, wherein the diagnostic system includes an inferencing engine and a conditional probability table stored on a non-transitory storage device that forms the basis for Bayesian inferences once the diagnostic system is trained, each inference including a diagnosis and associated probability of the diagnosis, wherein training the diagnostic system includes providing the diagnostic system with historical input data and a corresponding diagnosis to be derived from the historical input data and providing new input data having a predetermined diagnosis, wherein the diagnostic system generates a conditional probability table of a new diagnosis using the new input data; and a confidence generator stored on a non-transitory storage device to receive the inferences, and generate a confidence measure for each inference, wherein the confidence indicator is generated on a per-inference basis and wherein the confidence generator further generates a cumulative confidence measure for multiple per-inference confidence intervals, and wherein the diagnostic system is trained when the confidence indicator of the new diagnosis is greater than a predetermined threshold. 10. The system of claim 8 wherein the confidence generator to generate the cumulative confidence measure for multiple inference confidence indicators included the confidence generator to generate the cumulative confidence measure, wherein given a set of failed tests T={T 1 , T 2 , . . . , T t }, the cumulative confidence measure is defined as: C k = 1 t ⁢ ∑ j = 0 t ⁢ c kj for each component B k , where t is the number of tests that failed, and c kj is the confidence level of B k with respect to test T j .

17. The system of claim 15 , wherein the data structure of the retailer comprises: (i) a second item identifier that identifies a second item related to the item, and (ii) an association between the second item and the first category.

17. The system of claim 15 , wherein the data structure of the retailer comprises: (i) a second item identifier that identifies a second item related to the item, and (ii) an association between the second item and the first category. 18. The system of claim 17 , wherein to determine that the item belongs to the first category, the one or more physical processors are further programmed to cause the computer to: determine that the item is related to the second item; determine that the item belongs to the first category based on (i) the association between the second item and the first category, and (ii) the determination that the item is related to the second item.

11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the commonality measure is a mutual information measure.

11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the commonality measure is a mutual information measure. 12. The method of claim 11 , wherein each of the plurality of detected morphemes has a mutual information measure exceeding a predetermined threshold.

12. A computer-implemented method comprising: under control of one or more computer systems configured with executable instructions, receiving, from a user device, an indication of a user interaction, the user interaction including a purchase of a content item of a plurality of content items; determining a rate of abandonment of content items associated with an ambient light intensity that is equal to or below a threshold value; determining, based at least partly on the indication, that a current ambient light intensity received by the user device is at or below the threshold value; generating a customized questionnaire for the content item of the plurality of content items; causing display of the customized questionnaire on the user device based at least in part on the indication, the customized questionnaire to solicit a response to at least one question that is associated with an abandonment of the content item; receiving, via the user device, the response; associating the response with the content item to build or update a user-driven index comprising the plurality of content items; and generating a different customized questionnaire for the content item that includes at least one different question based at least in part on the response, and a recommendation for at least one activity.

12. A computer-implemented method comprising: under control of one or more computer systems configured with executable instructions, receiving, from a user device, an indication of a user interaction, the user interaction including a purchase of a content item of a plurality of content items; determining a rate of abandonment of content items associated with an ambient light intensity that is equal to or below a threshold value; determining, based at least partly on the indication, that a current ambient light intensity received by the user device is at or below the threshold value; generating a customized questionnaire for the content item of the plurality of content items; causing display of the customized questionnaire on the user device based at least in part on the indication, the customized questionnaire to solicit a response to at least one question that is associated with an abandonment of the content item; receiving, via the user device, the response; associating the response with the content item to build or update a user-driven index comprising the plurality of content items; and generating a different customized questionnaire for the content item that includes at least one different question based at least in part on the response, and a recommendation for at least one activity. 13. The computer-implemented method of claim 12 , further comprising: causing display of at least one additional question within the customized questionnaire that solicits a request for items that are identified as similar to at least one of the plurality of content items.

1. A computer-readable medium having computer-executable instructions for causing a computer to perform a method for identifying handwriting recognition decisions that are suspect comprising: storing one or more samples of handwriting of a user; receiving a handwritten input from the user; performing a recognition operation on the handwritten input to produce an initial recognition result; and identifying a possible incorrect recognition within at least part of the initial recognition result using a self-consistency process and one or more of the stored handwriting samples, the self-consistency process identifying the possible incorrect recognition using a Kullback-Leibler distance measure operation.

1. A computer-readable medium having computer-executable instructions for causing a computer to perform a method for identifying handwriting recognition decisions that are suspect comprising: storing one or more samples of handwriting of a user; receiving a handwritten input from the user; performing a recognition operation on the handwritten input to produce an initial recognition result; and identifying a possible incorrect recognition within at least part of the initial recognition result using a self-consistency process and one or more of the stored handwriting samples, the self-consistency process identifying the possible incorrect recognition using a Kullback-Leibler distance measure operation. 2. The computer-readable medium of claim 1 , wherein when the possible incorrect recognition is identified, a recognizer ignores the possible incorrect recognition.

19. A computer program product for using a unique token in an online transaction on a website involving sensitive information to control access to the sensitive information, the computer program product comprising a computer-readable storage embodying computer-readable program instructions that, when executed, cause a processor to: register at least one entity, the registering comprising associating the at least one entity with a subscription level; in response to receipt of the sensitive information from a merchant device, generate a unique token for use in place of the sensitive information, wherein the sensitive information comprises a character string stored as encrypted data; directly associate a sub-string of a character string with the unique token so that a direct association does not exist between the unique token and the character string, the character string comprising the sensitive information and the sub-string being configured to identify the character string without revealing the sensitive information; and access the character string stored as encrypted data in storage memory using the unique token and the sub-string to retrieve the sensitive information after transmission of a request for the sensitive information from a registered entity associated with a subscription level associated with a privilege to receive the requested sensitive information.

19. A computer program product for using a unique token in an online transaction on a website involving sensitive information to control access to the sensitive information, the computer program product comprising a computer-readable storage embodying computer-readable program instructions that, when executed, cause a processor to: register at least one entity, the registering comprising associating the at least one entity with a subscription level; in response to receipt of the sensitive information from a merchant device, generate a unique token for use in place of the sensitive information, wherein the sensitive information comprises a character string stored as encrypted data; directly associate a sub-string of a character string with the unique token so that a direct association does not exist between the unique token and the character string, the character string comprising the sensitive information and the sub-string being configured to identify the character string without revealing the sensitive information; and access the character string stored as encrypted data in storage memory using the unique token and the sub-string to retrieve the sensitive information after transmission of a request for the sensitive information from a registered entity associated with a subscription level associated with a privilege to receive the requested sensitive information. 26. The computer program product of claim 19 , wherein the computer-readable program instructions, when executed, further cause the processor to: receive a request to display the sub-string, the request comprising the unique token; and display the sub-string without revealing the sensitive information.

43. A system, comprising: a data processing apparatus having accesses to a data store storing: a query log storing query sequences for search sessions, each query sequence being a sequence including an initial query and one or more revised queries and defining an order in which the queries were submitted for a search session; and a click log storing selection data defining actions taken responsive to search results provided for the search sessions, the search results provided in response to the queries and each search result including a corresponding resource locator that specifies the location of a corresponding resource; a computer-readable medium storing instructions executable by the data processing apparatus and upon such execution cause the data processing apparatus to perform operations comprising: selecting a candidate query in a query sequence; selecting a revised query subsequent to the candidate query in the order; determining a quality score for the revised query relative to the candidate query; determining a navigation score for the revised query; and determining that the quality score for the revised query satisfies a quality score threshold and that the navigation score for the revised query satisfies a navigation score threshold, and in response: identifying a navigational resource for the revised query; and associating the navigational resource with the candidate query, the association specifying the navigational resource as being relevant to the candidate query in a search operation.

43. A system, comprising: a data processing apparatus having accesses to a data store storing: a query log storing query sequences for search sessions, each query sequence being a sequence including an initial query and one or more revised queries and defining an order in which the queries were submitted for a search session; and a click log storing selection data defining actions taken responsive to search results provided for the search sessions, the search results provided in response to the queries and each search result including a corresponding resource locator that specifies the location of a corresponding resource; a computer-readable medium storing instructions executable by the data processing apparatus and upon such execution cause the data processing apparatus to perform operations comprising: selecting a candidate query in a query sequence; selecting a revised query subsequent to the candidate query in the order; determining a quality score for the revised query relative to the candidate query; determining a navigation score for the revised query; and determining that the quality score for the revised query satisfies a quality score threshold and that the navigation score for the revised query satisfies a navigation score threshold, and in response: identifying a navigational resource for the revised query; and associating the navigational resource with the candidate query, the association specifying the navigational resource as being relevant to the candidate query in a search operation. 44. The system of claim 43 , wherein determining a quality score for the revised query relative to the candidate query comprises: determining a revision time for the revised query, the revision time being measured relative to the entry of the candidate query; and determining the quality score based on the revision time.

11. A computer program product comprising a computer readable storage medium having a computer readable program stored therein, wherein the computer readable program, when executed on a computing device, causes the computing device to implement an ingestion engine for ingesting natural language textual content, the ingestion engine operating to: initiate ingestion of natural language textual content; identify an embedded structured data portion within the natural language textual content; generate a signature of the structured data portion, wherein the signature comprises one or more metadata elements describing the configuration or content of the structured data portion; identify references to the structured data portion in natural language text portions of the natural language textual content; evaluate the references based on the signature of the structured data portion; generate an ingestion prioritization plan for ingesting a set of facts associated with a set of elements of the structured data portion based on results of the evaluation; and apply the ingestion prioritization plan to generate the set of facts and store the set of facts in an ingested representation of the natural language textual content.

11. A computer program product comprising a computer readable storage medium having a computer readable program stored therein, wherein the computer readable program, when executed on a computing device, causes the computing device to implement an ingestion engine for ingesting natural language textual content, the ingestion engine operating to: initiate ingestion of natural language textual content; identify an embedded structured data portion within the natural language textual content; generate a signature of the structured data portion, wherein the signature comprises one or more metadata elements describing the configuration or content of the structured data portion; identify references to the structured data portion in natural language text portions of the natural language textual content; evaluate the references based on the signature of the structured data portion; generate an ingestion prioritization plan for ingesting a set of facts associated with a set of elements of the structured data portion based on results of the evaluation; and apply the ingestion prioritization plan to generate the set of facts and store the set of facts in an ingested representation of the natural language textual content. 12. The computer program product of claim 11 , wherein identifying an embedded structured data portion within the natural language textual content comprises analyzing the natural language textual content to identify at least one of metadata, identifiers, tags, or patterns of content in the natural language textual content that are indicative of an embedded structured data portion.

23. The method of claim 22, wherein the step of creating an instances of a plurality of data structures includes the steps of: creating an instance of DatabaseInfo; creating an instance of Tableinfo and ClassInfo for each class specification; creating an instance of CollectionClassInfo for each collection specification; and creating the instances of Attribinfo for each ClassInfo.

23. The method of claim 22, wherein the step of creating an instances of a plurality of data structures includes the steps of: creating an instance of DatabaseInfo; creating an instance of Tableinfo and ClassInfo for each class specification; creating an instance of CollectionClassInfo for each collection specification; and creating the instances of Attribinfo for each ClassInfo. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the step of using additional specifications to create additional data structures includes the steps of: using primary-key and reference-key specifications to create instances of ReferenceKeyinfo; and using the relationship specification to create instances of ComplexAttributeInfo.

15. A system comprising: one or more devices to: formulate a query based on one or more terms in one or more fields of a video bibliographic entry; send, based on the formulated query, a request for search results; receive, based on the request, search results identifying a plurality of resources; identify, based on the identified plurality of resources, one or more resources, of the identified plurality of resources, that are associated with video content; calculate a respective occurrence score for each of the identified one or more resources, each respective occurrence score being based on a plurality of terms in the one or more fields of the video bibliographic entry matching a plurality of terms associated with a respective resource of the identified one or more resources, each respective occurrence score being based on the plurality of terms in the one or more fields of the video bibliographic entry occurring within a plurality of terms adjacent to the video content associated with the respective resource, and each respective occurrence score being based on a uniform resource locator associated with the respective resource; select at least one of the identified one or more resources with a respective occurrence score that satisfies an occurrence score threshold; store information indicating an association of the video bibliographic entry and the selected at least one of the identified one or more resources; and use the stored information to process another query, the other query including a request for video content.

15. A system comprising: one or more devices to: formulate a query based on one or more terms in one or more fields of a video bibliographic entry; send, based on the formulated query, a request for search results; receive, based on the request, search results identifying a plurality of resources; identify, based on the identified plurality of resources, one or more resources, of the identified plurality of resources, that are associated with video content; calculate a respective occurrence score for each of the identified one or more resources, each respective occurrence score being based on a plurality of terms in the one or more fields of the video bibliographic entry matching a plurality of terms associated with a respective resource of the identified one or more resources, each respective occurrence score being based on the plurality of terms in the one or more fields of the video bibliographic entry occurring within a plurality of terms adjacent to the video content associated with the respective resource, and each respective occurrence score being based on a uniform resource locator associated with the respective resource; select at least one of the identified one or more resources with a respective occurrence score that satisfies an occurrence score threshold; store information indicating an association of the video bibliographic entry and the selected at least one of the identified one or more resources; and use the stored information to process another query, the other query including a request for video content. 21. The system of claim 15 , where the one or more devices are further to: rank the identified one or more resources with respective occurrence scores that satisfy the occurrence score threshold; and select, based on the ranking, the at least one of the identified one or more resources.

15. A system comprising: a processor, and a non-transitory computer-readable medium having stored therein instructions which, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform a method comprising: training a language model by approximating large quantities of transcribed speech using a plurality of speaker dependent phonemic transcription based datasets that are based on pronunciation models obtained for each of a plurality of speakers; incorporating, in the language model, pronunciation probabilities associated with respective unique labels for each different pronunciation of a word, wherein the respective unique labels for most frequent words and most frequent word pairs indicate a special status in the language model; removing, from a pronunciation dictionary, the pronunciation probabilities; applying an utterance to a recognizer with the language model to yield a recognition result; and presenting the recognition result for the utterance.

15. A system comprising: a processor, and a non-transitory computer-readable medium having stored therein instructions which, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform a method comprising: training a language model by approximating large quantities of transcribed speech using a plurality of speaker dependent phonemic transcription based datasets that are based on pronunciation models obtained for each of a plurality of speakers; incorporating, in the language model, pronunciation probabilities associated with respective unique labels for each different pronunciation of a word, wherein the respective unique labels for most frequent words and most frequent word pairs indicate a special status in the language model; removing, from a pronunciation dictionary, the pronunciation probabilities; applying an utterance to a recognizer with the language model to yield a recognition result; and presenting the recognition result for the utterance. 16. The system of claim 15 , wherein the language model is generated by modeling word and pronunciation dependencies across word boundaries.

1. An information processing apparatus, comprising: an input unit configured to receive content in a form of an audio/video signal including closed captioning information; an extraction unit configured to extract sequentially in time keywords from multiple character strings included in the closed captioning information; a processor configured to calculate similarity values of the extracted keywords included in adjacent first regions of the multiple character strings, each first region including a predefined part of the multiple character strings; a detection window setting unit configured to set the adjacent first regions encompassing the extracted keywords, and to shift the adjacent first regions by a keyword one by one; a detection unit configured to detect a boundary point in the content of the audio/video signal based on the calculated similarity values, wherein the boundary point defines a separation between a portion of the audio/video signal defining a first topic of the content and another portion of the audio/video signal defining a second topic of the content; an attribute information generation unit configured to generate attribute information to be associated with the boundary point indicating a location of the boundary point within the content, and to add the attribute information indicating the location of the boundary point to the content, wherein the attribute information associated with the boundary point is one of time information, title information, and topic information; a memory device configured to store the content including the added attribute information; and a reproducing unit configured to reproduce the content including the added attribute information, wherein the reproducing unit is configured to search through the content to reproduce subparts of the content starting at a location of the boundary point identified by the attribute information, and the reproducing unit is configured to generate a window on a display in which an image of where the boundary point is located within the content is thumbnail-displayed.

1. An information processing apparatus, comprising: an input unit configured to receive content in a form of an audio/video signal including closed captioning information; an extraction unit configured to extract sequentially in time keywords from multiple character strings included in the closed captioning information; a processor configured to calculate similarity values of the extracted keywords included in adjacent first regions of the multiple character strings, each first region including a predefined part of the multiple character strings; a detection window setting unit configured to set the adjacent first regions encompassing the extracted keywords, and to shift the adjacent first regions by a keyword one by one; a detection unit configured to detect a boundary point in the content of the audio/video signal based on the calculated similarity values, wherein the boundary point defines a separation between a portion of the audio/video signal defining a first topic of the content and another portion of the audio/video signal defining a second topic of the content; an attribute information generation unit configured to generate attribute information to be associated with the boundary point indicating a location of the boundary point within the content, and to add the attribute information indicating the location of the boundary point to the content, wherein the attribute information associated with the boundary point is one of time information, title information, and topic information; a memory device configured to store the content including the added attribute information; and a reproducing unit configured to reproduce the content including the added attribute information, wherein the reproducing unit is configured to search through the content to reproduce subparts of the content starting at a location of the boundary point identified by the attribute information, and the reproducing unit is configured to generate a window on a display in which an image of where the boundary point is located within the content is thumbnail-displayed. 9. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the processor is configured to calculate the similarity values of the extracted keywords based on an Euclidian distance or a cosine measure in a vector space model.

1. A method, implemented at least in part by a computing device, comprising: defining a vocabulary for emotions; extracting descriptions for one or more songs from web-based information that describes the one or more songs; generating one or more first distributions for the one or more songs in an emotion space based at least in part on the vocabulary and the extracted descriptions; extracting one or more salient words from a document; generating a second distribution for the document in the emotion space based at least in part on the vocabulary and the extracted salient words; and at the computing device, comparing the second distribution for the document to at least one of the first distributions for the one or more songs to provide at least one song recommendation corresponding to the second distribution for the document in the emotion space.

1. A method, implemented at least in part by a computing device, comprising: defining a vocabulary for emotions; extracting descriptions for one or more songs from web-based information that describes the one or more songs; generating one or more first distributions for the one or more songs in an emotion space based at least in part on the vocabulary and the extracted descriptions; extracting one or more salient words from a document; generating a second distribution for the document in the emotion space based at least in part on the vocabulary and the extracted salient words; and at the computing device, comparing the second distribution for the document to at least one of the first distributions for the one or more songs to provide at least one song recommendation corresponding to the second distribution for the document in the emotion space. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein the emotion space includes at least a minimum number of emotions to allow for mixed emotion mapping.

4. A system for summarizing customer reviews regarding a particular item, the system comprising: one or more application servers configured to receive, from a plurality of customers, customer reviews for a category of items comprising the particular item and items of a similar type; and a quote extraction module executing on the one or more application servers and configured to aggregate the customer reviews for the category of items, parse a plurality of sentences from the aggregated customer reviews, wherein the parsing comprises breaking compound sentences in the customer reviews based on one or more of commas, coordinating conjunctions, or transition terms, classify the plurality of sentences by sentiment by utilizing a logistic regression classifier trained using sentiment scores of terms generated based on sentences contained in training data and manually labeled as to sentiment, wherein positive, negative and mixed sentiment scores of the terms are used as positive coefficients in the logistic regression classifier and neutral sentiment scores of the terms are used as negative coefficients in the logistic regression classifier, remove those sentences having a neutral sentiment from the plurality of sentences, generate a list of topics from the plurality of sentences utilizing latent Dirichlet allocation, assign each sentence in the plurality of sentences to a topic in the list of topics, select a relevant topic from the list of topics for a particular item, wherein the relevant topic comprises the topic from the list of topics assigned to the most sentences parsed from the customer reviews regarding the particular item, select a representative sentence from the plurality of sentences assigned to the relevant topic and parsed from customer reviews regarding the particular item, the representative sentence having a highest relevance to the relevant topic and expressing a majority sentiment from among the plurality of sentences assigned to the relevant topic and parsed from customer reviews regarding the particular item, and cause the selected representative sentence to be sent to a customer computing device, wherein the selected representative sentence is presented to another customer on the customer computing device.

4. A system for summarizing customer reviews regarding a particular item, the system comprising: one or more application servers configured to receive, from a plurality of customers, customer reviews for a category of items comprising the particular item and items of a similar type; and a quote extraction module executing on the one or more application servers and configured to aggregate the customer reviews for the category of items, parse a plurality of sentences from the aggregated customer reviews, wherein the parsing comprises breaking compound sentences in the customer reviews based on one or more of commas, coordinating conjunctions, or transition terms, classify the plurality of sentences by sentiment by utilizing a logistic regression classifier trained using sentiment scores of terms generated based on sentences contained in training data and manually labeled as to sentiment, wherein positive, negative and mixed sentiment scores of the terms are used as positive coefficients in the logistic regression classifier and neutral sentiment scores of the terms are used as negative coefficients in the logistic regression classifier, remove those sentences having a neutral sentiment from the plurality of sentences, generate a list of topics from the plurality of sentences utilizing latent Dirichlet allocation, assign each sentence in the plurality of sentences to a topic in the list of topics, select a relevant topic from the list of topics for a particular item, wherein the relevant topic comprises the topic from the list of topics assigned to the most sentences parsed from the customer reviews regarding the particular item, select a representative sentence from the plurality of sentences assigned to the relevant topic and parsed from customer reviews regarding the particular item, the representative sentence having a highest relevance to the relevant topic and expressing a majority sentiment from among the plurality of sentences assigned to the relevant topic and parsed from customer reviews regarding the particular item, and cause the selected representative sentence to be sent to a customer computing device, wherein the selected representative sentence is presented to another customer on the customer computing device. 9. The system of claim 4 , wherein selecting the representative sentence further comprises selecting a sentence from the plurality of sentences assigned to the relevant topic and parsed from customer reviews regarding the particular item having one or more of a minimum level of specificity or a minimum readability level.

17. A terminal device comprising: a transmitter for transmitting information to a service providing device; control means for transmitting, wherein said control means transmits, to said service providing device via said transmitter, specification information specifying at least one of an electronic document without a tag and a tagged electronic document tagged according to a markup language, and transmits request information indicating a request for a tagged electronic document including a tag indicating a structure of the electronic document without a tag; and a receiver for receiving, wherein said receiver receives the tagged electronic document which is transmitted from said service providing device in response to said request information and said specification information, wherein if said receiver receives data from said service providing device indicating that no document corresponding to the transmitted specification information is stored in said service providing device, said control means transmits said electronic document to said service providing device via said transmitter.

17. A terminal device comprising: a transmitter for transmitting information to a service providing device; control means for transmitting, wherein said control means transmits, to said service providing device via said transmitter, specification information specifying at least one of an electronic document without a tag and a tagged electronic document tagged according to a markup language, and transmits request information indicating a request for a tagged electronic document including a tag indicating a structure of the electronic document without a tag; and a receiver for receiving, wherein said receiver receives the tagged electronic document which is transmitted from said service providing device in response to said request information and said specification information, wherein if said receiver receives data from said service providing device indicating that no document corresponding to the transmitted specification information is stored in said service providing device, said control means transmits said electronic document to said service providing device via said transmitter. 35. A terminal device according to claim 17 , wherein the markup language is XML and the tag indicating the structure of the electronic document is enclosed by brackets in the markup language.

1. A method comprising: selecting, via a processor, a speech segment associated with text, wherein the speech segment is selected from a primary speech database which has been modified by: identifying primary speech segments in the primary speech database which do not meet a need of a text-to-speech process; identifying replacement speech segments which satisfy the need in a secondary speech database; and enhancing the primary speech database by substituting, in the primary database, the primary speech segments with the replacement speech segments; and generating, via the processor, speech corresponding to the text using the speech segment.

1. A method comprising: selecting, via a processor, a speech segment associated with text, wherein the speech segment is selected from a primary speech database which has been modified by: identifying primary speech segments in the primary speech database which do not meet a need of a text-to-speech process; identifying replacement speech segments which satisfy the need in a secondary speech database; and enhancing the primary speech database by substituting, in the primary database, the primary speech segments with the replacement speech segments; and generating, via the processor, speech corresponding to the text using the speech segment. 7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the primary speech segments are identified based on one of obstruents and nasals.

14. A method for use in a computing environment, the method comprising: taking a snapshot of one or more flip-flops inside a software model of a system on chip (SoC); storing the snapshot as a golden reference; performing a scan dump operation; and comparing a bitstream of values from the scan dump operation to the golden reference.

14. A method for use in a computing environment, the method comprising: taking a snapshot of one or more flip-flops inside a software model of a system on chip (SoC); storing the snapshot as a golden reference; performing a scan dump operation; and comparing a bitstream of values from the scan dump operation to the golden reference. 17. The method as recited in claim 14 , wherein prior to performing the scan dump operation, the method comprising: invoking one or more commands to initiate a scan dump operation, wherein the one or more commands are in a first language; translating the one or more commands in the first language into one or more commands in a second language; and conveying the one or more commands in the second language to the software model of the SoC.

34. The method of claim 11, further comprising: creating one or more data structures which includes information regarding said first plurality of objects in said first graphical program and said second plurality of objects in said second graphical program; wherein said determining differences uses said one or more data structures.

34. The method of claim 11, further comprising: creating one or more data structures which includes information regarding said first plurality of objects in said first graphical program and said second plurality of objects in said second graphical program; wherein said determining differences uses said one or more data structures. 35. The method of claim 34, wherein said one or more data structures each comprise directed graphs comprising a plurality of vertices connected by edges, wherein each of said vertices represents one of said objects in a respective one of said graphical programs.

11. The improvement of claim 1 wherein the receiver has an inwardly directed stop and during assembly of the insert with the receiver, the insert projection must be forced against and pressed to a position beyond the stop prior to being in sliding engagement with the pivot track, the stop capturing the insert projection in the pivot track.

11. The improvement of claim 1 wherein the receiver has an inwardly directed stop and during assembly of the insert with the receiver, the insert projection must be forced against and pressed to a position beyond the stop prior to being in sliding engagement with the pivot track, the stop capturing the insert projection in the pivot track. 12. The improvement of claim 11 wherein the insert is top loaded into the receiver with the projection insertable into a groove formed in the receiver arm, the groove running parallel to the shank axis.

23. The method of claim 18 further comprising: identifying a general location; and obtaining a spoken language description of the specific location within the general location.

23. The method of claim 18 further comprising: identifying a general location; and obtaining a spoken language description of the specific location within the general location. 28. The method of claim 23 wherein the step of obtaining a spoken language description of a specific location further comprises obtaining a spoken language description of a city.

1. A system for document analysis, comprising a processor and software configured to a) receive textual documents over an electronic communication network and convert textual documents into image files, identify text in said image files, wherein said text is mapped to the document image using a database comprising text of the document; b) permit a user to add contextual markups to said image files wherein said contextual markups are images or HTML tags that are added to an invisible image that maps exactly onto each image of said image file, and wherein said image file is not modified, c) generate an originality report, wherein said generating said originality report comprises the step of highlighting said sections of said image file identified in the originality report as allegedly containing plagiarized text, wherein said highlighting is glyph aware highlighting that associates glyphs with images using the pixel coordinates of the image, which maps to a text database of said document; and d) display said image file on a display screen, wherein said image file simultaneously displays said contextual markups and said highlights.

1. A system for document analysis, comprising a processor and software configured to a) receive textual documents over an electronic communication network and convert textual documents into image files, identify text in said image files, wherein said text is mapped to the document image using a database comprising text of the document; b) permit a user to add contextual markups to said image files wherein said contextual markups are images or HTML tags that are added to an invisible image that maps exactly onto each image of said image file, and wherein said image file is not modified, c) generate an originality report, wherein said generating said originality report comprises the step of highlighting said sections of said image file identified in the originality report as allegedly containing plagiarized text, wherein said highlighting is glyph aware highlighting that associates glyphs with images using the pixel coordinates of the image, which maps to a text database of said document; and d) display said image file on a display screen, wherein said image file simultaneously displays said contextual markups and said highlights. 6. The system of claim 1 , wherein said highlighting scales with zooming.

1. A method for generating a document structure, comprising: aligning various parts in the first version and the second version in at least one pair of historical versions among a plurality of historical versions of a document; dividing the first version and the second version into a plurality of blocks on the basis of a Levenshtein distance between the aligned parts in the first version and the second version; evaluating a level of the block in the document structure on the basis of text features of the block among the plurality of blocks; and generating the document structure on the basis of a position of the block according to an evaluation result.

1. A method for generating a document structure, comprising: aligning various parts in the first version and the second version in at least one pair of historical versions among a plurality of historical versions of a document; dividing the first version and the second version into a plurality of blocks on the basis of a Levenshtein distance between the aligned parts in the first version and the second version; evaluating a level of the block in the document structure on the basis of text features of the block among the plurality of blocks; and generating the document structure on the basis of a position of the block according to an evaluation result. 3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein evaluating a level of the block in the document structure on the basis of text features of the block among the plurality of blocks comprises: analyzing an association relationship on the basis of a predetermined rule so as to evaluate a probability score that a block among the plurality of blocks acts as a level in the document structure.

1. A computer-network system implemented by an online stationery/card service for a user to personalize and send stationery/cards using a wireless device, the system comprising: a computer server configured to communicate with a wireless device and enable a user of the wireless device to personalize and send non-electronic stationery/cards, wherein the computer server is configured to enable a reminder list displayed on the wireless device, wherein the reminder list comprises a plurality of reminder entries each identifying an upcoming event associated with one or more contacts of the user stored in a contacts database, wherein the reminder list is organized based on a prioritization scheme with a highest priority event selected within the reminder list, wherein the computer server is configured to enable a recommendation region displayed on the wireless device, wherein the computer server is configured to automatically populate the recommendation region with one or more recommended stationery/card designs for the highest priority event in the reminder list; and a stationery/card personalization engine configured to receive user's selection of one of the one or more recommended stationery/card designs in the recommendation region using the wireless device, to provide the user with a set of personalization options related to the selected stationery/card design, and to generate a personalized stationery/card based on the selected stationery/card design and the user's input.

1. A computer-network system implemented by an online stationery/card service for a user to personalize and send stationery/cards using a wireless device, the system comprising: a computer server configured to communicate with a wireless device and enable a user of the wireless device to personalize and send non-electronic stationery/cards, wherein the computer server is configured to enable a reminder list displayed on the wireless device, wherein the reminder list comprises a plurality of reminder entries each identifying an upcoming event associated with one or more contacts of the user stored in a contacts database, wherein the reminder list is organized based on a prioritization scheme with a highest priority event selected within the reminder list, wherein the computer server is configured to enable a recommendation region displayed on the wireless device, wherein the computer server is configured to automatically populate the recommendation region with one or more recommended stationery/card designs for the highest priority event in the reminder list; and a stationery/card personalization engine configured to receive user's selection of one of the one or more recommended stationery/card designs in the recommendation region using the wireless device, to provide the user with a set of personalization options related to the selected stationery/card design, and to generate a personalized stationery/card based on the selected stationery/card design and the user's input. 14. The computer-network system as in claim 1 , further comprising: a print module to generate and transmit a print job to print the personalized stationery/cards and envelopes containing the address information for the user-selected contacts.

9. A computer implemented method for retrieving, analyzing, and displaying reviews of mobile application software configured for a user to search for and view the analyzed summaries of the reviews, comprising processor(s) on a system server: a) retrieving users' reviews from online data sources, preprocessing them for compatibility with a natural language processing module, and storing them within a reviews database; b) processing the reviews stored within the reviews database using lexical analysis, supervised machine learning sentiment, and topic analysis to generate a profile for each mobile application, and storing the profile within a review analytics database; c) searching the profiles stored on the review analytics database based on a request from a user on their electronic computing device, and associating analytical summaries of features of the mobile application with the profile for the mobile application; and, d) transmitting the application to the user's electronic computing device based on receiving the user's selection of a link within the mobile application's profile, wherein said analytical summaries comprise a review detail webpage for each application displaying: i. a score calculated by the central processing unit for features of the application that were reviewed, wherein said feature is labeled either “positive” or “negative” and comprise enjoy ability, graphics and user interface quality, ease of use and performance, and price; and, ii. reviews of other cross-referenced applications that the central processing unit has determined: 1) were rated highly by a reviewer(s) who gave a positive rating to the application; and 2) were rated highly by reviewer(s) who gave a negative rating to the application.

9. A computer implemented method for retrieving, analyzing, and displaying reviews of mobile application software configured for a user to search for and view the analyzed summaries of the reviews, comprising processor(s) on a system server: a) retrieving users' reviews from online data sources, preprocessing them for compatibility with a natural language processing module, and storing them within a reviews database; b) processing the reviews stored within the reviews database using lexical analysis, supervised machine learning sentiment, and topic analysis to generate a profile for each mobile application, and storing the profile within a review analytics database; c) searching the profiles stored on the review analytics database based on a request from a user on their electronic computing device, and associating analytical summaries of features of the mobile application with the profile for the mobile application; and, d) transmitting the application to the user's electronic computing device based on receiving the user's selection of a link within the mobile application's profile, wherein said analytical summaries comprise a review detail webpage for each application displaying: i. a score calculated by the central processing unit for features of the application that were reviewed, wherein said feature is labeled either “positive” or “negative” and comprise enjoy ability, graphics and user interface quality, ease of use and performance, and price; and, ii. reviews of other cross-referenced applications that the central processing unit has determined: 1) were rated highly by a reviewer(s) who gave a positive rating to the application; and 2) were rated highly by reviewer(s) who gave a negative rating to the application. 14. The computer implemented method of claim 9 , wherein said analytical summaries comprise a professional reviews webpage listing reviews extracted from information technology professionals and links to the original review written by the professional.

9. A computer accessible memory medium storing program instructions for executing a extended markup language (XML) database query, wherein the program instructions are executable by a processor implement: a compiler adapted to generate at least two database query execution plans, wherein upon execution the at least two alternate execution plans provide a same response to the XML database query; and at least one switch adapted to select one of the at least two database query execution plans during runtime; and an execution engine adapted to execute the selected execution plan; wherein said selecting comprises the at least one switch dynamically selecting one of the at least two alternative database query execution plans, wherein the switch performs the selection based on intermediate results, which are at least partly reused for evaluating the result of the execution of the XML database query according to at least one of the at least two alternative database query execution plans.

9. A computer accessible memory medium storing program instructions for executing a extended markup language (XML) database query, wherein the program instructions are executable by a processor implement: a compiler adapted to generate at least two database query execution plans, wherein upon execution the at least two alternate execution plans provide a same response to the XML database query; and at least one switch adapted to select one of the at least two database query execution plans during runtime; and an execution engine adapted to execute the selected execution plan; wherein said selecting comprises the at least one switch dynamically selecting one of the at least two alternative database query execution plans, wherein the switch performs the selection based on intermediate results, which are at least partly reused for evaluating the result of the execution of the XML database query according to at least one of the at least two alternative database query execution plans. 11. The computer accessible memory medium of claim 9 , wherein the memory medium stores XML database statistics adapted to be used by the compiler for generating the one or more alternative execution plans.

46. The method of claim 1 , further including: transforming a representation of a knowledge structure within the semantic network into a document, the knowledge structure containing information relevant to one of the entities; storing the document within the document repository.

46. The method of claim 1 , further including: transforming a representation of a knowledge structure within the semantic network into a document, the knowledge structure containing information relevant to one of the entities; storing the document within the document repository. 47. The method of claim 46 wherein the document is formatted in a structured text format.

4. The computer program product of claim 3 , Wherein the I/O operation is a transport mode operation, and obtaining information includes obtaining a transport command word (TCW) at the channel subsystem, the TCW including a transport command control block (TCCB) address field including an address of a TCCB, the TCCB including a plurality of device command words (DCW) that each includes an I/O command.

4. The computer program product of claim 3 , Wherein the I/O operation is a transport mode operation, and obtaining information includes obtaining a transport command word (TCW) at the channel subsystem, the TCW including a transport command control block (TCCB) address field including an address of a TCCB, the TCCB including a plurality of device command words (DCW) that each includes an I/O command. 5. The computer program product of claim 4 , wherein the data transfer request is a request for information including the TCCB for transmission by the network interface to the control unit in a Transport Command Information Unit (IU), and the at least one data check word is generated using the initial value from the Data Check Word Seed field of a Transport Command ACW data length information from the TCW and the TCCB.

3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising clustering similar phrase candidates.

3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising clustering similar phrase candidates. 4. The method of claim 3 , further comprising: identifying common features from each phrase candidate in the respective cluster; filtering one or more features of the phrase candidates including removing non-common features; and determining a refined similarity between one or more pairs of phrase candidates using the filtered features for each phrase candidate.

1. A text entry system, comprising: a direction selector to individually point in a direction of letters to collectively form an intended linguistic object, where each letter comprises a linguistic object subcomponent; a collection of linguistic objects; an output device with a text display area; a processor, comprising: a difference calculation module configured to output, for each act of pointing, various letters based upon factors including at least the difference between an actual direction indicated by the directional selector and pre-assigned directions of said letters; an object search engine responsive to a sequence of pointing acts to identify linguistic objects from said collection of linguistic objects, where each identified linguistic object comprises a different combination of one letter output by the difference calculation module for each act of pointing in the sequence; and a selection component to facilitate user selection of a desired linguistic object from said identified linguistic objects.

1. A text entry system, comprising: a direction selector to individually point in a direction of letters to collectively form an intended linguistic object, where each letter comprises a linguistic object subcomponent; a collection of linguistic objects; an output device with a text display area; a processor, comprising: a difference calculation module configured to output, for each act of pointing, various letters based upon factors including at least the difference between an actual direction indicated by the directional selector and pre-assigned directions of said letters; an object search engine responsive to a sequence of pointing acts to identify linguistic objects from said collection of linguistic objects, where each identified linguistic object comprises a different combination of one letter output by the difference calculation module for each act of pointing in the sequence; and a selection component to facilitate user selection of a desired linguistic object from said identified linguistic objects. 4. The system of claim 1 , wherein each of said output letters comprises any subcomponent or combination of one or more of the following forming an incomplete part of one of the linguistic objects: an alphabetic letter, accented letter, numeric digit, punctuation symbol; a sub-word component from a non-alphabetic language including one or more strokes, radicals, jamos, kana.

1. A media distribution network system comprising: a producer station maintaining and transmitting to one or more remote receiving stations an envelope of aggregate data, the envelope of aggregate data including a plurality of media files selected from the group consisting of at least two or more among an audio file, a text or graphic file, and a video file, the envelope of aggregate data further including a mark-up language document having a plurality of tags each respectively associated with at least one of the media files; a transmission system connected to the producer station and the remote receiving stations, the transmission system broadcasting the envelope of aggregate data from the producer station to one or more remote receiver stations; a plurality of remote receiving stations then receiving the envelope of aggregate data from the producer station and transmission system and locally store the envelope of aggregate data in a respective local storage medium associated with each such receiving station, each of the plurality of receiving stations including means for accessing the mark-up language document, the mark-up language document providing means for accessing selective ones of the plurality of media files via a plurality of tags, so that at least one of such receiving stations receives the envelope of data and accesses or plays selective media files by opening the envelope and activating one or more of its associated tags.

1. A media distribution network system comprising: a producer station maintaining and transmitting to one or more remote receiving stations an envelope of aggregate data, the envelope of aggregate data including a plurality of media files selected from the group consisting of at least two or more among an audio file, a text or graphic file, and a video file, the envelope of aggregate data further including a mark-up language document having a plurality of tags each respectively associated with at least one of the media files; a transmission system connected to the producer station and the remote receiving stations, the transmission system broadcasting the envelope of aggregate data from the producer station to one or more remote receiver stations; a plurality of remote receiving stations then receiving the envelope of aggregate data from the producer station and transmission system and locally store the envelope of aggregate data in a respective local storage medium associated with each such receiving station, each of the plurality of receiving stations including means for accessing the mark-up language document, the mark-up language document providing means for accessing selective ones of the plurality of media files via a plurality of tags, so that at least one of such receiving stations receives the envelope of data and accesses or plays selective media files by opening the envelope and activating one or more of its associated tags. 3. A media distribution network system as claimed in claim 1 wherein the envelope of aggregate data is transmitted to the receiving station by e-mail and accessed by opening the e-mail and wherein the plurality of media files comprises text and at least a plurality of audio or video files and the plurality of tags includes at least one tag associated with at least one such audio or video file, activation of the tag resulting in audio play of the associated audio or video file.

10. A computer-implemented tagging system, comprising: a learning component for learning user tagging behavior by analyzing an application of tags to messages by a user, wherein the learning component generates tokens from the tagged data, maps the tokens to a tag the user has applied and employs a conjugate gradient regression algorithm to learn the user tagging behavior by separating the tagged data according to an n-dimensional categorization process; a prediction component for automatically predicting and selecting one or more tags from a tagset for a new message entering the system based on prior message tagging habits of the user, as indicated by the learned user tagging behavior; a tagging component for automatically tagging the new message by automatically applying the one or more tags as the new message arrives, wherein the automatically applied tag may be overridden by the user; a feedback path for feeding back at least a portion of the one or more tags for the new message into the user tagging behavior learned by the user component, so that the learning component is updated by retraining to consider portions of previously-tagged data and newly tagged data that indicate new tagging behavior of the user, wherein the retraining is performed periodically or in response to a predetermined threshold number of automatically applied tags being overridden by the user; a processor that executes computer-executable instructions associated with at least one of the learning component, the prediction component, the tagging component, or the feedback path.

10. A computer-implemented tagging system, comprising: a learning component for learning user tagging behavior by analyzing an application of tags to messages by a user, wherein the learning component generates tokens from the tagged data, maps the tokens to a tag the user has applied and employs a conjugate gradient regression algorithm to learn the user tagging behavior by separating the tagged data according to an n-dimensional categorization process; a prediction component for automatically predicting and selecting one or more tags from a tagset for a new message entering the system based on prior message tagging habits of the user, as indicated by the learned user tagging behavior; a tagging component for automatically tagging the new message by automatically applying the one or more tags as the new message arrives, wherein the automatically applied tag may be overridden by the user; a feedback path for feeding back at least a portion of the one or more tags for the new message into the user tagging behavior learned by the user component, so that the learning component is updated by retraining to consider portions of previously-tagged data and newly tagged data that indicate new tagging behavior of the user, wherein the retraining is performed periodically or in response to a predetermined threshold number of automatically applied tags being overridden by the user; a processor that executes computer-executable instructions associated with at least one of the learning component, the prediction component, the tagging component, or the feedback path. 11. The system of claim 10 , wherein the learning component further employs a boosting algorithm to learn the user tagging behavior.

1. A system that facilitates generating an inference about a destination of a current trip, comprising: a component that makes a log of information about trips, the log comprising previously observed locations that were destinations of the trips; and a modeling component, comprising at least one processor, that generates predictions of a destination of the current trip based at least in part upon a combination, the combination being a combination of outputs of: an open-world submodeling component that provides probabilities, based on the log of locations, that locations that are not in the log are the destination of the current trip; and a closed-world submodeling component that provides probabilities that locations in the log are the destination of the current trip, the closed-world submodeling component inferring the probabilities based on information in the log that indicates probabilities that previously observed locations will recur as a destination of a trip, wherein the modeling component generates a prediction of the destination of the current trip by combining, for each of a plurality of locations, a probability provided by the open-world submodeling component and a probability provided by the closed-world submodeling component.

1. A system that facilitates generating an inference about a destination of a current trip, comprising: a component that makes a log of information about trips, the log comprising previously observed locations that were destinations of the trips; and a modeling component, comprising at least one processor, that generates predictions of a destination of the current trip based at least in part upon a combination, the combination being a combination of outputs of: an open-world submodeling component that provides probabilities, based on the log of locations, that locations that are not in the log are the destination of the current trip; and a closed-world submodeling component that provides probabilities that locations in the log are the destination of the current trip, the closed-world submodeling component inferring the probabilities based on information in the log that indicates probabilities that previously observed locations will recur as a destination of a trip, wherein the modeling component generates a prediction of the destination of the current trip by combining, for each of a plurality of locations, a probability provided by the open-world submodeling component and a probability provided by the closed-world submodeling component. 11. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a content component that provides relevant information associated with the generated predictions.

15. A system, comprising: at least one hardware processor; and at least one non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one hardware processor, cause the at least one hardware processor to perform: accessing a template including human-language text and a first tag that serves as a placeholder for a first text portion including a first reference to a first referent, wherein the first reference is also a reference to a second referent different from the first referent; accessing information specifying a first plural referential expression for referring simultaneously to both the first referent and the second referent and a first plural anaphoric expression for referring simultaneously to both the first referent and the second referent; automatically identifying text to use for the first text portion at least in part by determining whether to use, for the first text portion, the plural referential expression or the plural anaphoric expression; automatically generating output text including the human-language text and the identified text for the first text portion; and presenting, via a device, the automatically generated output text to a user.

15. A system, comprising: at least one hardware processor; and at least one non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one hardware processor, cause the at least one hardware processor to perform: accessing a template including human-language text and a first tag that serves as a placeholder for a first text portion including a first reference to a first referent, wherein the first reference is also a reference to a second referent different from the first referent; accessing information specifying a first plural referential expression for referring simultaneously to both the first referent and the second referent and a first plural anaphoric expression for referring simultaneously to both the first referent and the second referent; automatically identifying text to use for the first text portion at least in part by determining whether to use, for the first text portion, the plural referential expression or the plural anaphoric expression; automatically generating output text including the human-language text and the identified text for the first text portion; and presenting, via a device, the automatically generated output text to a user. 19. The system of claim 15 , wherein the instructions further cause the at least one hardware processor to access at least one user-specified rule for the first tag, wherein the at least one hardware processor automatically identifies text based at least in part on the at least one user-specified rule.

30. The method of claim 24 , wherein the displaying comprises: assigning a respective rank to each of the plurality of predefined suggestions according to one or more predetermined criteria; and displaying the plurality of predefined suggestions according to their respective ranks.

30. The method of claim 24 , wherein the displaying comprises: assigning a respective rank to each of the plurality of predefined suggestions according to one or more predetermined criteria; and displaying the plurality of predefined suggestions according to their respective ranks. 32. The method of claim 30 , wherein the data entry is directed to a patient file, and wherein the predetermined criteria include correlation between each of the predefined suggestions and an existing data content in the patient file.

1. A method for delivering dynamic media content to collaborators, the method comprising: providing collaborative event media content, wherein the collaborative event media content further comprises a grammar and a structured document, wherein the grammar is a data structure associating key phrases with presentation actions that facilitates a collaborator navigating the structured document of the collaborative event media content using speech commands; providing data identifying a client's location; storing, in the context server in a data structure comprising a dynamic client context for the client, the data identifying the client's location; detecting an event in dependence upon the dynamic client context, said event being characterized by an event type; identifying one or more collaborators in dependence upon the dynamic client context and the event, the one or more collaborators each being characterized by a collaborator classification; selecting from the structured document a classified structural element in dependence upon the event type and the collaborator classification for each of the one or more collaborators; and transmitting the selected structural element to the one or more collaborators.

1. A method for delivering dynamic media content to collaborators, the method comprising: providing collaborative event media content, wherein the collaborative event media content further comprises a grammar and a structured document, wherein the grammar is a data structure associating key phrases with presentation actions that facilitates a collaborator navigating the structured document of the collaborative event media content using speech commands; providing data identifying a client's location; storing, in the context server in a data structure comprising a dynamic client context for the client, the data identifying the client's location; detecting an event in dependence upon the dynamic client context, said event being characterized by an event type; identifying one or more collaborators in dependence upon the dynamic client context and the event, the one or more collaborators each being characterized by a collaborator classification; selecting from the structured document a classified structural element in dependence upon the event type and the collaborator classification for each of the one or more collaborators; and transmitting the selected structural element to the one or more collaborators. 5. The method of claim 1 wherein: providing to a context server data identifying a client's location further comprises querying a router for a physical address of the client; and storing the data identifying the client's location further comprises storing the physical address of the client in the dynamic client context for the client.

1. A computer-implemented method to apply a query to a set of documents, comprising: by a computer: reconstructing a document term matrix XεR N×M where N is a number of documents and M is a number of words, by minimizing reconstruction errors with min ∥X−UA∥, where A is a fixed projection matrix and U is a column orthogonal matrix; determining a loss function and parameter gradients to generate U; fixing U while determining the loss function and sparse regularization constraints on the projection matrix A; generating parameter coefficients and generating a sparse projection matrix A; and generating a Sparse Latent Semantic Analysis (Sparse SLA) model and applying the model to a set of documents and displaying documents matching a query.

1. A computer-implemented method to apply a query to a set of documents, comprising: by a computer: reconstructing a document term matrix XεR N×M where N is a number of documents and M is a number of words, by minimizing reconstruction errors with min ∥X−UA∥, where A is a fixed projection matrix and U is a column orthogonal matrix; determining a loss function and parameter gradients to generate U; fixing U while determining the loss function and sparse regularization constraints on the projection matrix A; generating parameter coefficients and generating a sparse projection matrix A; and generating a Sparse Latent Semantic Analysis (Sparse SLA) model and applying the model to a set of documents and displaying documents matching a query. 4. The method of claim 1 , comprising projecting documents with the sparse projection matrix.

15. A system for facilitating the sharing of a metadata document by a plurality of software applications, the system comprising: a memory storing configuration information associated with the plurality of software applications; a processor coupled to the memory configured to: receive, from a software application in the plurality of software applications, a uniform resource locator (URL) for the metadata document, the URL including a protocol component identifying a specialized protocol name and a path component identifying a name and namespace of the metadata document, the specialized protocol name indicating that the metadata document is stored in a shared metadata repository; and wherein the specialized protocol name is a non-standard protocol name that is not one of HTTP, HTTPS, FILE, or FTP; and identify the shared metadata repository based on the specialized protocol name; and identify the metadata document based on configuration information associated with the software application.

15. A system for facilitating the sharing of a metadata document by a plurality of software applications, the system comprising: a memory storing configuration information associated with the plurality of software applications; a processor coupled to the memory configured to: receive, from a software application in the plurality of software applications, a uniform resource locator (URL) for the metadata document, the URL including a protocol component identifying a specialized protocol name and a path component identifying a name and namespace of the metadata document, the specialized protocol name indicating that the metadata document is stored in a shared metadata repository; and wherein the specialized protocol name is a non-standard protocol name that is not one of HTTP, HTTPS, FILE, or FTP; and identify the shared metadata repository based on the specialized protocol name; and identify the metadata document based on configuration information associated with the software application. 18. The system of claim 15 , wherein the processor is further configured to: determine a domain name of the shared metadata repository; and transform the URL into a HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) URL based on the domain name, wherein the HTTP URL may be used to retrieve the metadata document via HTTP protocol.

1. A computerized method for optimizing name search results for a computer user comprising: (a) creating at a computer for a name database indices comprising: (i) a phonetic index with terms generated from application of at least one phonetic algorithm to first names and to last names in said database; (ii) a nickname index with terms generated from application of at least one nickname algorithm to first names in said database; (b) creating at said computer for said name database a misspelling index with keys for finding names in said database by applying a misspelling algorithm to first names and to last names wherein the algorithm: (i) alphanumerically sorts the letters in said first names and last names; (ii) generates a first key for each of said first names and said last names comprising letters for said first name or last name in alphanumeric sorted order; and (iii) removes each letter of said first name or last name in alphanumeric sorted order to generate additional keys comprising said first key with said letters removed from said first key; (c) receiving at said computer a search request comprising a first name and a last name; (d) receiving at said computer a candidate number of names from said database; (e) creating at said computer a search results set by adding names to said search results set for said first name and said last name up to said candidate number of names according to the following steps: (i) searching said name database for an exact match of said first name and said last name; (ii) searching said name database for names that have all words from said last name and said first name but not in said search results set; (iii) searching said name database for names that have all words from said last name and a fuzzy version of said first name using said phonetic, nickname, and misspelling indices but not in said search results set; (iv) searching said name database for names that have all words from said first name and a fuzzy version of said last name using said phonetic and misspelling indices but not in said search results set; (v) searching said name database for names that have fuzzy versions of said first name and said last name using said phonetic, misspelling, and nickname indices but not in said search results set; (vi) ranking intermediate results at each step (i)-(v) and eliminating a plurality of names from said search results set according to said rankings for said names; and (f) presenting to said computer user on a computer display names from said search results set up to said candidate number of names.

1. A computerized method for optimizing name search results for a computer user comprising: (a) creating at a computer for a name database indices comprising: (i) a phonetic index with terms generated from application of at least one phonetic algorithm to first names and to last names in said database; (ii) a nickname index with terms generated from application of at least one nickname algorithm to first names in said database; (b) creating at said computer for said name database a misspelling index with keys for finding names in said database by applying a misspelling algorithm to first names and to last names wherein the algorithm: (i) alphanumerically sorts the letters in said first names and last names; (ii) generates a first key for each of said first names and said last names comprising letters for said first name or last name in alphanumeric sorted order; and (iii) removes each letter of said first name or last name in alphanumeric sorted order to generate additional keys comprising said first key with said letters removed from said first key; (c) receiving at said computer a search request comprising a first name and a last name; (d) receiving at said computer a candidate number of names from said database; (e) creating at said computer a search results set by adding names to said search results set for said first name and said last name up to said candidate number of names according to the following steps: (i) searching said name database for an exact match of said first name and said last name; (ii) searching said name database for names that have all words from said last name and said first name but not in said search results set; (iii) searching said name database for names that have all words from said last name and a fuzzy version of said first name using said phonetic, nickname, and misspelling indices but not in said search results set; (iv) searching said name database for names that have all words from said first name and a fuzzy version of said last name using said phonetic and misspelling indices but not in said search results set; (v) searching said name database for names that have fuzzy versions of said first name and said last name using said phonetic, misspelling, and nickname indices but not in said search results set; (vi) ranking intermediate results at each step (i)-(v) and eliminating a plurality of names from said search results set according to said rankings for said names; and (f) presenting to said computer user on a computer display names from said search results set up to said candidate number of names. 5. The method of claim 1 wherein ranking intermediate results comprises: (a) ranking said names in said search results set by popularity; and (b) ranking said names in said search results set according to closeness of said first name and said last name to name records in said database.

8. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that when executed by a computer cause the computer to perform a method, the method comprising: computing a first set of activity probabilities based on contextual information for a first set of historical activities and an activity-prediction model for a target activity, wherein an activity probability indicates a likelihood that the target activity has occurred; comparing a first set of probability thresholds with the first set of activity probabilities to determine a prediction success rate for each probability threshold; computing a utility score for each probability threshold based on the prediction success rates and a utility function, wherein the utility function has the form: U ( P th )= U 1 (TP)+ U 2 (FP)+ U 3 (FN)+ U 4 (TN); wherein P th is the threshold value used to determine whether a historical activity matches the target activity, wherein U 1 (TP) and U 4 (TN) compute a benefit of making a recommendation based on predicting a true positive and a true negative, respectively, and wherein U 2 (FP) and U 3 (FN) compute a cost of making a recommendation based on predicting a false positive and a false negative, respectively; selecting a first probability threshold whose utility score is greater than or equal to a baseline utility score and other utility scores of the first set of thresholds; and assigning the first probability threshold to the activity-prediction model.

8. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that when executed by a computer cause the computer to perform a method, the method comprising: computing a first set of activity probabilities based on contextual information for a first set of historical activities and an activity-prediction model for a target activity, wherein an activity probability indicates a likelihood that the target activity has occurred; comparing a first set of probability thresholds with the first set of activity probabilities to determine a prediction success rate for each probability threshold; computing a utility score for each probability threshold based on the prediction success rates and a utility function, wherein the utility function has the form: U ( P th )= U 1 (TP)+ U 2 (FP)+ U 3 (FN)+ U 4 (TN); wherein P th is the threshold value used to determine whether a historical activity matches the target activity, wherein U 1 (TP) and U 4 (TN) compute a benefit of making a recommendation based on predicting a true positive and a true negative, respectively, and wherein U 2 (FP) and U 3 (FN) compute a cost of making a recommendation based on predicting a false positive and a false negative, respectively; selecting a first probability threshold whose utility score is greater than or equal to a baseline utility score and other utility scores of the first set of thresholds; and assigning the first probability threshold to the activity-prediction model. 11. The storage medium of claim 8 , wherein the method further comprises: determining that the utility score for the first probability threshold is greater than or equal to the baseline utility score; selecting a second set of probability thresholds whose range includes the first probability threshold and is smaller than that of the first set of probability thresholds, and wherein the second set of probability thresholds has an average-deviation that is lower than that of the first set of probability thresholds; scoring each probability threshold in the second set of probability threshold using the utility function to produce a second set of utility scores; and determining, based on the second set of utility scores, a second probability threshold that has the highest utility score.

1. A method of searching in a second dataset using a query from a first dataset, the method comprising: receiving a first query using the first dataset, the first query being generated using a first collation associated with the first dataset, the first collation having a case sensitivity flag, an accent use sensitivity flag, a character width sensitivity flag, and a kana sensitivity flag for a first human language; rewriting the first query to form a second query, the second query comprising a second collation and a residue predicate, the second collation comprising a superset of the first collation, the second collation of the second query being broader than the first collation of the first query and being insensitive with respect to at least one of case, accent use, character width, and kana, the second collation encompassing the first collation, the second collation having an associated index for the second collation, and the residue predicate comprising an original search term from the first query, wherein the residue predicate is selected to ensure that a set of results returned in response to the second query satisfies the case sensitivity flag, the accent use sensitivity flag, the character width sensitivity flag, and the kana sensitivity flag of the first collation; optimizing the second query by choosing an index plan that targets an index associated with multiple human languages that is useful in searching across a multiplicity of human language collations; executing the second query to search the first dataset; and returning information satisfying the first query; wherein the first and second datasets each comprise one of a database, a user session and an explicit user query.

1. A method of searching in a second dataset using a query from a first dataset, the method comprising: receiving a first query using the first dataset, the first query being generated using a first collation associated with the first dataset, the first collation having a case sensitivity flag, an accent use sensitivity flag, a character width sensitivity flag, and a kana sensitivity flag for a first human language; rewriting the first query to form a second query, the second query comprising a second collation and a residue predicate, the second collation comprising a superset of the first collation, the second collation of the second query being broader than the first collation of the first query and being insensitive with respect to at least one of case, accent use, character width, and kana, the second collation encompassing the first collation, the second collation having an associated index for the second collation, and the residue predicate comprising an original search term from the first query, wherein the residue predicate is selected to ensure that a set of results returned in response to the second query satisfies the case sensitivity flag, the accent use sensitivity flag, the character width sensitivity flag, and the kana sensitivity flag of the first collation; optimizing the second query by choosing an index plan that targets an index associated with multiple human languages that is useful in searching across a multiplicity of human language collations; executing the second query to search the first dataset; and returning information satisfying the first query; wherein the first and second datasets each comprise one of a database, a user session and an explicit user query. 3. The method of claim 1 , wherein rewriting the first query to form the second query comprises rewriting the first query formed with a single human language collation such that the second query is formed to search with a broader human language collation than the first query, and wherein the residue predicate comprises elements of the first query.

3. In the system of claim 2 wherein said means for adding said number of overstrike characters further comprises means for adding a backspace control code following a text code immediately succeeded by an end overstrike control code or an end of line control code, the reverse escapement of said backspace control code being equal to the forward escapement of said number of overstrike characters.

3. In the system of claim 2 wherein said means for adding said number of overstrike characters further comprises means for adding a backspace control code following a text code immediately succeeded by an end overstrike control code or an end of line control code, the reverse escapement of said backspace control code being equal to the forward escapement of said number of overstrike characters. 4. In the system of claim 3 wherein said means for adding said number of overstrike characters further comprises means for adding said overstrike characters following said backspace control cage.

23. A method of executing a query in a HADOOP™ distributed computing cluster having multiple data nodes forming a peer-to-peer network for the query, each data node functioning as a peer in the peer-to-peer network and being capable of interacting with components of HADOOP™ cluster, each peer having an instance of a query engine running in memory, each instance of the query engine is configured to perform; the method comprising: receiving, by a one data node in the distributed computing cluster, a query; designating the one data node that receives the query as a coordinating data node; obtaining, by the coordinating data node and through a state store and a name node, (1) membership information regarding all query engine instances that are running in the cluster, and (2) location information regarding where data blocks relevant to the query are distributed among the plurality of data nodes, wherein the state store is separate from the data nodes; parsing the query to create fragments of the query based on data obtained from the state store and the name node; constructing a query plan based on the data obtained from the state store; distributing, by the coordinating data node and according to the query plan, the fragments of the query to data nodes in the distributed computing cluster that have data relevant to the query; receiving, from the data nodes having data relevant to the query, intermediate results corresponding to execution of the fragments of the query; and generating a final result based on the intermediate results for a client.

23. A method of executing a query in a HADOOP™ distributed computing cluster having multiple data nodes forming a peer-to-peer network for the query, each data node functioning as a peer in the peer-to-peer network and being capable of interacting with components of HADOOP™ cluster, each peer having an instance of a query engine running in memory, each instance of the query engine is configured to perform; the method comprising: receiving, by a one data node in the distributed computing cluster, a query; designating the one data node that receives the query as a coordinating data node; obtaining, by the coordinating data node and through a state store and a name node, (1) membership information regarding all query engine instances that are running in the cluster, and (2) location information regarding where data blocks relevant to the query are distributed among the plurality of data nodes, wherein the state store is separate from the data nodes; parsing the query to create fragments of the query based on data obtained from the state store and the name node; constructing a query plan based on the data obtained from the state store; distributing, by the coordinating data node and according to the query plan, the fragments of the query to data nodes in the distributed computing cluster that have data relevant to the query; receiving, from the data nodes having data relevant to the query, intermediate results corresponding to execution of the fragments of the query; and generating a final result based on the intermediate results for a client. 38. The method of claim 23 , wherein the location information includes a plurality of replicas of the data blocks relevant to the queries, and the method further comprising: selecting one or more, but not all, of the plurality of replicas for execution of the fragments of the query.

1. A method of determining dependencies between elements of a computing software package based on a dictionary using one or more processors of a processor-based system, the method comprising: receiving an operation indicator that specifies that an operation is to be performed on a first element of a plurality of elements that are defined by a plurality of respective files that are included in the computing software package; generating, using at least one of the one or more processors, the dictionary that is stored on a computer database and that includes a plurality of indexes each of which has one or more values, at least one index of the plurality of indexes having a plurality of values, the plurality of indexes corresponding to a plurality of respective resources each of which is producible by at least one element of the plurality of elements that are defined by the plurality of respective files that are included in the computing software package, each value specifying an element of the plurality of elements that produces the resource that corresponds to the respective index; receiving a resource consumption indicator that specifies a designated resource of the plurality of resources that the first element consumes; comparing the resource consumption indicator to the plurality of indexes to match the resource consumption indicator to an index of the plurality of indexes that corresponds to the designated resource; and determining that the first element depends on a second element that produces the designated resource based on the index that corresponds to the designated resource having a value that specifies that the second element produces the designated resource.

1. A method of determining dependencies between elements of a computing software package based on a dictionary using one or more processors of a processor-based system, the method comprising: receiving an operation indicator that specifies that an operation is to be performed on a first element of a plurality of elements that are defined by a plurality of respective files that are included in the computing software package; generating, using at least one of the one or more processors, the dictionary that is stored on a computer database and that includes a plurality of indexes each of which has one or more values, at least one index of the plurality of indexes having a plurality of values, the plurality of indexes corresponding to a plurality of respective resources each of which is producible by at least one element of the plurality of elements that are defined by the plurality of respective files that are included in the computing software package, each value specifying an element of the plurality of elements that produces the resource that corresponds to the respective index; receiving a resource consumption indicator that specifies a designated resource of the plurality of resources that the first element consumes; comparing the resource consumption indicator to the plurality of indexes to match the resource consumption indicator to an index of the plurality of indexes that corresponds to the designated resource; and determining that the first element depends on a second element that produces the designated resource based on the index that corresponds to the designated resource having a value that specifies that the second element produces the designated resource. 2. The method of claim 1 , wherein a first index of the plurality of indexes has a first plurality of values; wherein comparing the resource consumption indicator to the plurality of indexes comprises: comparing the resource consumption indicator to the plurality of indexes to match the resource consumption indicator to the first index which corresponds to the designated resource; and wherein determining that the first element depends on the second element comprises: determining that the first element depends on a plurality of second elements that produce the designated resource based on the first index having the first plurality of values that specify that the plurality of respective second elements produce the designated resource.

14. An information processing system for recommending content in a social network, said information processing system comprising: a processor; and memory comprising computer-executable instructions that when executed by the processor perform a method, comprising: for a user: logging a set of actions; categorizing the set of actions into interest categories; weighting the interest categories to generate weighted interest categories, the weighting comprising: for a first interest category associated with a first subset of the set of actions: identifying one or more types of actions associated with the first interest category, respective types of actions associated with an action weight, the identifying comprising: identifying a first type of action corresponding to a search action, a subscribe action or a click action, a second type of action, and a third type of action, the first type of action, the second type of action and the third type of action associated with the first interest category, the first type of action having a first action weight, the second type of action having a second action weight, and the third type of action having a third action weight; and assigning a first weight to the first interest category based on the one or more types of actions associated with the first interest category and an action weight associated with each of the one or more types of actions; and calculating an interest social index for the user as a function of the weighted interest categories; for a second user within the social network of the user: logging a second set of actions; categorizing the second set of actions into a second set of interest categories; weighting the second set of interest categories to generate a second set of weighted interest categories; and calculating an interest social index for the second user as a function of the weighted interest categories; and calculating an influencer social index for the user based on the interest social index for the second user.

14. An information processing system for recommending content in a social network, said information processing system comprising: a processor; and memory comprising computer-executable instructions that when executed by the processor perform a method, comprising: for a user: logging a set of actions; categorizing the set of actions into interest categories; weighting the interest categories to generate weighted interest categories, the weighting comprising: for a first interest category associated with a first subset of the set of actions: identifying one or more types of actions associated with the first interest category, respective types of actions associated with an action weight, the identifying comprising: identifying a first type of action corresponding to a search action, a subscribe action or a click action, a second type of action, and a third type of action, the first type of action, the second type of action and the third type of action associated with the first interest category, the first type of action having a first action weight, the second type of action having a second action weight, and the third type of action having a third action weight; and assigning a first weight to the first interest category based on the one or more types of actions associated with the first interest category and an action weight associated with each of the one or more types of actions; and calculating an interest social index for the user as a function of the weighted interest categories; for a second user within the social network of the user: logging a second set of actions; categorizing the second set of actions into a second set of interest categories; weighting the second set of interest categories to generate a second set of weighted interest categories; and calculating an interest social index for the second user as a function of the weighted interest categories; and calculating an influencer social index for the user based on the interest social index for the second user. 17. The information processing system of claim 14 , the first type of action corresponding to the search action.

15. A system, comprising: means for selecting, by a processor, a message; means for selecting, by the processor, a context associated with the message; means for determining, by the processor, a sentiment of the context; means for setting, by the processor, the sentiment of the message in accord with the sentiment of the context; and wherein the means for determining the sentiment of the context further comprises, means for determining, by the processor, the sentiment in accord with an attribute of the context.

15. A system, comprising: means for selecting, by a processor, a message; means for selecting, by the processor, a context associated with the message; means for determining, by the processor, a sentiment of the context; means for setting, by the processor, the sentiment of the message in accord with the sentiment of the context; and wherein the means for determining the sentiment of the context further comprises, means for determining, by the processor, the sentiment in accord with an attribute of the context. 17. The system of claim 15 , wherein the context is an implied endorsement by a viewer of the message.

12. An apparatus that creates a tutorial presentation, comprising: (a) a processor that runs a computer program to create the tutorial presentation, the computer program comprising of logic; (b) a memory that stores information under control of the processor; (c) logic that matches a profile against a simulation domain, wherein the profile comprises a set of criteria and identifies a desired aspect for a current simulation task; (d) logic that presents information indicative of a goal; (e) logic that integrates information that motivates accomplishment of the goal; (f) logic that monitors progress toward the goal, determines at least one profile that is true for the current simulation task from a set of profiles, and provides feedback to a student, based on the at least one profile, the at least one profile comprising at least one collective characteristic, the at least one collective characteristic being a conditional using a plurality of characteristics as operands at a particular instance of time, each characteristic identifying a subset of the simulation domain, at least one of the plurality of characteristics being time-dependent; and (g) logic that displays details of the computer program and that displays the tutorial presentation as the tutorial presentation executes and further comprises: firing the at least one profile to identify mistakes and correct answers provided by the student, and triggering a topic in a concept tree when the at least one profile fires, wherein the concept tree contains a plurality of concepts associated with the current simulation task and, wherein the tutorial presentation provides a cognitive educational experience.

12. An apparatus that creates a tutorial presentation, comprising: (a) a processor that runs a computer program to create the tutorial presentation, the computer program comprising of logic; (b) a memory that stores information under control of the processor; (c) logic that matches a profile against a simulation domain, wherein the profile comprises a set of criteria and identifies a desired aspect for a current simulation task; (d) logic that presents information indicative of a goal; (e) logic that integrates information that motivates accomplishment of the goal; (f) logic that monitors progress toward the goal, determines at least one profile that is true for the current simulation task from a set of profiles, and provides feedback to a student, based on the at least one profile, the at least one profile comprising at least one collective characteristic, the at least one collective characteristic being a conditional using a plurality of characteristics as operands at a particular instance of time, each characteristic identifying a subset of the simulation domain, at least one of the plurality of characteristics being time-dependent; and (g) logic that displays details of the computer program and that displays the tutorial presentation as the tutorial presentation executes and further comprises: firing the at least one profile to identify mistakes and correct answers provided by the student, and triggering a topic in a concept tree when the at least one profile fires, wherein the concept tree contains a plurality of concepts associated with the current simulation task and, wherein the tutorial presentation provides a cognitive educational experience. 16. The apparatus that creates a tutorial presentation as recited in claim 12 , including logic that displays source code of the tutorial presentation as the tutorial presentation executes.

1. A patient data processing system comprising: a memory storing computer instructions; a processor in communication with the memory, the processor reading the computer instructions from the memory and executing the computer instructions, the computer instructions comprising: instructions to convert an electronic medical record into trend data, wherein the trend data is sequential, and wherein the trend data comprises trends of physiologic parameters and laboratory data over time; instructions to detect relational trends of the trend data comprised of positive and/or negative trends; instructions to detect a cascade pattern comprising a plurality of trends and/or relational trends, wherein the cascade pattern is indicative of physiologic failure, the physiologic failure comprising sepsis; instructions to generate an image of the detected cascade pattern; instructions to compare at least a portion of the cascade pattern to a reference cascade pattern or cascade pattern definition to determine one or more characteristics of the cascade pattern; instructions to generate a graphical display comprising viewing regions corresponding to physiologic systems of the patient, wherein the viewing regions comprise at least an inflammatory region, a hematologic region, and a metabolic region and wherein the viewing regions are configured so that a sepsis cascade is displayed such that the sepsis cascade is viewable spreading over time within the inflammation region and spreading over time within at least the hematologic region and the metabolic region, and the graphical display is configured to display indications of pathophysiologic perturbations derived from the trend data from the electronic medical record and to display one or more characteristics of the cascade pattern; instructions to configure at least a portion of the viewing regions to display outputs indicative of perturbations from a plurality of parameters derived from a physiologic system within a viewing region corresponding to the said physiologic system; instructions to configure the viewing regions so that cascade patterns are displayed as spreading within and/or across the viewing regions as the severity of the cascade patterns progress over time, and the sepsis cascade is viewable as a motion picture spreading over time from the origin of the sepsis cascade to the termination of the sepsis cascade and the viewing regions are configured so that the sepsis cascade spreads along at least one axis and at least partially across the graphical display over time, and instructions to display the cascade pattern as spreading within and/or across the viewing regions as severity of the cascade pattern increases over time, and wherein the graphical display exhibits a set of pixels of different colors comprising an image of sepsis within the viewing regions, and wherein a color, shape, size of the image, and the viewing regions are indicative of a state of sepsis at a specified point in time, and wherein the image spreads, expands and/or moves over time within or across the viewing regions to provide the motion picture indicative of a progression and severity of sepsis over time.

1. A patient data processing system comprising: a memory storing computer instructions; a processor in communication with the memory, the processor reading the computer instructions from the memory and executing the computer instructions, the computer instructions comprising: instructions to convert an electronic medical record into trend data, wherein the trend data is sequential, and wherein the trend data comprises trends of physiologic parameters and laboratory data over time; instructions to detect relational trends of the trend data comprised of positive and/or negative trends; instructions to detect a cascade pattern comprising a plurality of trends and/or relational trends, wherein the cascade pattern is indicative of physiologic failure, the physiologic failure comprising sepsis; instructions to generate an image of the detected cascade pattern; instructions to compare at least a portion of the cascade pattern to a reference cascade pattern or cascade pattern definition to determine one or more characteristics of the cascade pattern; instructions to generate a graphical display comprising viewing regions corresponding to physiologic systems of the patient, wherein the viewing regions comprise at least an inflammatory region, a hematologic region, and a metabolic region and wherein the viewing regions are configured so that a sepsis cascade is displayed such that the sepsis cascade is viewable spreading over time within the inflammation region and spreading over time within at least the hematologic region and the metabolic region, and the graphical display is configured to display indications of pathophysiologic perturbations derived from the trend data from the electronic medical record and to display one or more characteristics of the cascade pattern; instructions to configure at least a portion of the viewing regions to display outputs indicative of perturbations from a plurality of parameters derived from a physiologic system within a viewing region corresponding to the said physiologic system; instructions to configure the viewing regions so that cascade patterns are displayed as spreading within and/or across the viewing regions as the severity of the cascade patterns progress over time, and the sepsis cascade is viewable as a motion picture spreading over time from the origin of the sepsis cascade to the termination of the sepsis cascade and the viewing regions are configured so that the sepsis cascade spreads along at least one axis and at least partially across the graphical display over time, and instructions to display the cascade pattern as spreading within and/or across the viewing regions as severity of the cascade pattern increases over time, and wherein the graphical display exhibits a set of pixels of different colors comprising an image of sepsis within the viewing regions, and wherein a color, shape, size of the image, and the viewing regions are indicative of a state of sepsis at a specified point in time, and wherein the image spreads, expands and/or moves over time within or across the viewing regions to provide the motion picture indicative of a progression and severity of sepsis over time. 3. The patient data processing system of claim 1 , comprising instructions for providing an indication of the length of the cascade pattern.

21. The one or more processor readable storage devices of claim 20 , wherein in order to obtain the image data for the custom character(s) associated with the unique custom character reference(s) included in the received message data, the client messaging application is operable to: determine, for each unique custom character reference of the one or more unique custom character references that is/are received by the client device from the second client device, whether image data associated with the unique custom character reference is stored in the local data store of the client device; obtain, from the local data store of the client device, the image data associated with each unique custom character reference for which the client device determines that the image data associated therewith is stored in the local data store of the client device; and obtain, from a remote data store associated with the remote server, the image data associated with each unique custom character reference for which the client device determines that the image data associated therewith is not stored in the local data store of the client device.

21. The one or more processor readable storage devices of claim 20 , wherein in order to obtain the image data for the custom character(s) associated with the unique custom character reference(s) included in the received message data, the client messaging application is operable to: determine, for each unique custom character reference of the one or more unique custom character references that is/are received by the client device from the second client device, whether image data associated with the unique custom character reference is stored in the local data store of the client device; obtain, from the local data store of the client device, the image data associated with each unique custom character reference for which the client device determines that the image data associated therewith is stored in the local data store of the client device; and obtain, from a remote data store associated with the remote server, the image data associated with each unique custom character reference for which the client device determines that the image data associated therewith is not stored in the local data store of the client device. 23. The one or more processor readable storage devices of claim 21 , wherein the client messaging application is operable to save in the local data store of the client device the image data received in response to issuing the remote query therefor to the remote server, so that the saved image data is thereafter available to the client messaging application at a later time without the client messaging application needing to issue another remote query therefor to the remote server.

31. The system of claim 16 , wherein the search engine system's web crawl order scheduler further comprises: instructions for-updating the web crawl interval of a document after retrieving a new copy of the document's content from its host and detecting content changes to the document based on the new copy.

31. The system of claim 16 , wherein the search engine system's web crawl order scheduler further comprises: instructions for-updating the web crawl interval of a document after retrieving a new copy of the document's content from its host and detecting content changes to the document based on the new copy. 37. The system of claim 31 , wherein the search engine system considers critical content changes to the document and ignores all non-critical content changes to the document when updating the document's web crawl interval.

1. A method for facilitating business-to-business personal connections by enhancing Internet search results, the method comprising the machine-implemented steps of: registering one or more selling entities by establishing a selling entity account for each of the one or more selling entities in a business-to-business connectivity service, wherein each of the one or more selling entities corresponds to a single individual associated with one or more companies and wherein each individual is associated with only one selling entity; registering one or more buying entities by establishing a buying entity account for each of the one or more buying entities in a business-to-business connectivity service, wherein each of the one or more buying entities corresponds to a single individual; receiving one or more search query terms from a searching user; determining, based on the one or more search query terms, a first set of search results generated by an Internet search engine that queries the World Wide Web, that are relevant relative to the search query terms; selecting, from the first set, a second set of one or more search results, wherein each search result in the second set is selected in response to a determination that it comprises a Uniform Resource Locator (URL) that has been previously registered in association with at least one selling entity account in the business-to-business connectivity service; ranking the one or more search results in the second set based on at least one of: one or more ratings that are based on input from one or more buying entities or, a filter score that is based on filter criteria specified by a submitter of the search query terms when the submitter of the search query terms is a buying entity; generating, for presentation, seller-specific information for each of the search results that are in the second set of search results, wherein seller-specific information comprises the name of a selling entity, the company associated with each selling entity, and one or both of a product or service that each selling entity is associated with; and presenting seller-specific information in connection with only those search results for which seller-specific information was generated.

1. A method for facilitating business-to-business personal connections by enhancing Internet search results, the method comprising the machine-implemented steps of: registering one or more selling entities by establishing a selling entity account for each of the one or more selling entities in a business-to-business connectivity service, wherein each of the one or more selling entities corresponds to a single individual associated with one or more companies and wherein each individual is associated with only one selling entity; registering one or more buying entities by establishing a buying entity account for each of the one or more buying entities in a business-to-business connectivity service, wherein each of the one or more buying entities corresponds to a single individual; receiving one or more search query terms from a searching user; determining, based on the one or more search query terms, a first set of search results generated by an Internet search engine that queries the World Wide Web, that are relevant relative to the search query terms; selecting, from the first set, a second set of one or more search results, wherein each search result in the second set is selected in response to a determination that it comprises a Uniform Resource Locator (URL) that has been previously registered in association with at least one selling entity account in the business-to-business connectivity service; ranking the one or more search results in the second set based on at least one of: one or more ratings that are based on input from one or more buying entities or, a filter score that is based on filter criteria specified by a submitter of the search query terms when the submitter of the search query terms is a buying entity; generating, for presentation, seller-specific information for each of the search results that are in the second set of search results, wherein seller-specific information comprises the name of a selling entity, the company associated with each selling entity, and one or both of a product or service that each selling entity is associated with; and presenting seller-specific information in connection with only those search results for which seller-specific information was generated. 2. The method of claim 1 , wherein each result in the second set has been ranked, based at least in part on relevance relative to the search query terms, among a specified top percentage of search results that are in the first set.

10. The method of claim 9 , further comprising automatically associating the at least one of a birth date, a death date, and a marriage date with the person's name.

10. The method of claim 9 , further comprising automatically associating the at least one of a birth date, a death date, and a marriage date with the person's name. 11. The method of claim 10 , further comprising using predicative algorithms to automatically associate the at least one of a birth date, a death date, and a marriage date with the person's name.

17. One or more computer readable storage media containing instructions that are executable by a computer to perform actions comprising: receiving a text search string; formatting the text search string into search terms compatible with electronic program guide (EPG) data to be searched; deriving text terms and attribute terms from the search terms by comparing the search terms with a list of attributes for identifying the attribute terms based upon the list of attributes, the attributes being searchable characteristics of programs; applying spell checking to the text search string; identifying a word as being misspelled; appending a corrected form of the word identified as being misspelled to the search terms to conduct a conditional search based on the corrected form of the word; performing one or more text searches of program title data in the EPG data for each text term; performing one or more attribute searches of program attribute data in the EPG data for each attribute term identified; combining results of the one or more text searches with results of the one or more attribute searches to obtain search result hits; assigning a relevancy rank to each search result hit; lowering a relevancy ranking of hits resulting from the conditional search on the corrected form of the word when search results are obtained based on the word identified as being misspelled; and displaying hits filtered by relevancy.

17. One or more computer readable storage media containing instructions that are executable by a computer to perform actions comprising: receiving a text search string; formatting the text search string into search terms compatible with electronic program guide (EPG) data to be searched; deriving text terms and attribute terms from the search terms by comparing the search terms with a list of attributes for identifying the attribute terms based upon the list of attributes, the attributes being searchable characteristics of programs; applying spell checking to the text search string; identifying a word as being misspelled; appending a corrected form of the word identified as being misspelled to the search terms to conduct a conditional search based on the corrected form of the word; performing one or more text searches of program title data in the EPG data for each text term; performing one or more attribute searches of program attribute data in the EPG data for each attribute term identified; combining results of the one or more text searches with results of the one or more attribute searches to obtain search result hits; assigning a relevancy rank to each search result hit; lowering a relevancy ranking of hits resulting from the conditional search on the corrected form of the word when search results are obtained based on the word identified as being misspelled; and displaying hits filtered by relevancy. 19. The one or more computer readable storage media containing instructions as recited in claim 17 , further including instructions to perform searches using a word-stemmed version of a search term.

13. An apparatus, comprising: a wearable device, comprising: a processor; a support vector machine; and a memory comprising computer-readable instructions which when executed by the processor cause the processor and the support vector machine to perform the steps comprising: receiving an audio input from a first person comprising spoken words through a microphone communicatively coupled to the processor; sampling the audio input into a sample of a predetermined length of time; applying by the support vector machine an algorithm to the sample; determining, by the support vector machine, an emotional content of the sample by accessing a database comprising audio samples with predetermined emotional content and determining a closest emotional match to the sample from the predetermined emotional content such that the determining the closest emotional match trains the algorithm to optimize accuracy in determining the closest emotional match for subsequent samples; and outputting, by the support vector machine, the closest emotional match to the emotional content of the sample for use by a second person having an autism spectrum disorder.

13. An apparatus, comprising: a wearable device, comprising: a processor; a support vector machine; and a memory comprising computer-readable instructions which when executed by the processor cause the processor and the support vector machine to perform the steps comprising: receiving an audio input from a first person comprising spoken words through a microphone communicatively coupled to the processor; sampling the audio input into a sample of a predetermined length of time; applying by the support vector machine an algorithm to the sample; determining, by the support vector machine, an emotional content of the sample by accessing a database comprising audio samples with predetermined emotional content and determining a closest emotional match to the sample from the predetermined emotional content such that the determining the closest emotional match trains the algorithm to optimize accuracy in determining the closest emotional match for subsequent samples; and outputting, by the support vector machine, the closest emotional match to the emotional content of the sample for use by a second person having an autism spectrum disorder. 19. The apparatus of claim 13 , further comprising: a database comprising audio samples with predetermined emotional content.

1. A method for using a computer system to provide additional material related to a concept within electronic text, comprising the steps of: a) identifying electronic text for display; b) packaging with said text computer-executable code, wherein: i. said code is formatted and designed to be executed in real-time without user action when said accompanying text is displayed; ii. when executed, said code submits a search request for additional information related to a concept represented within at least one text section of said identified text, said search request leading to a search of an index, said search of an index identifying additional material related to said concept; and iii. when executed, said code provides for display in the same presentation as said identified electronic text an indicator of said identified additional material, wherein said indicator comprises display material not derived from said electronic text; and c) in response to a request for said electronic text, providing said electronic text together with said computer-executable code; wherein said index contains a plurality of terms by which it may be searched; at least one term in said index is associated with at least one reference to a text section; and at least one term in said index is associated with a plurality of references, at least two of said plurality of references indicating different text sections.

1. A method for using a computer system to provide additional material related to a concept within electronic text, comprising the steps of: a) identifying electronic text for display; b) packaging with said text computer-executable code, wherein: i. said code is formatted and designed to be executed in real-time without user action when said accompanying text is displayed; ii. when executed, said code submits a search request for additional information related to a concept represented within at least one text section of said identified text, said search request leading to a search of an index, said search of an index identifying additional material related to said concept; and iii. when executed, said code provides for display in the same presentation as said identified electronic text an indicator of said identified additional material, wherein said indicator comprises display material not derived from said electronic text; and c) in response to a request for said electronic text, providing said electronic text together with said computer-executable code; wherein said index contains a plurality of terms by which it may be searched; at least one term in said index is associated with at least one reference to a text section; and at least one term in said index is associated with a plurality of references, at least two of said plurality of references indicating different text sections. 21. The method of claim 1 , wherein said indicator of related material comprises an excerpt of said related material.