--- annotations_creators: - found language_creators: - found languages: - en licenses: - cc-by-4-0 multilinguality: - monolingual size_categories: - 100K Despite progress in perceptual tasks such as image classification, computers still perform poorly on cognitive tasks such as image description and question answering. Cognition is core to tasks that involve not just recognizing, but reasoning about our visual world. However, models used to tackle the rich content in images for cognitive tasks are still being trained using the same datasets designed for perceptual tasks. To achieve success at cognitive tasks, models need to understand the interactions and relationships between objects in an image. When asked “What vehicle is the person riding?”, computers will need to identify the objects in an image as well as the relationships riding(man, carriage) and pulling(horse, carriage) to answer correctly that “the person is riding a horse-drawn carriage.” Visual Genome has: - 108,077 image - 5.4 Million Region Descriptions - 1.7 Million Visual Question Answers - 3.8 Million Object Instances - 2.8 Million Attributes - 2.3 Million Relationships From the paper: > Our dataset contains over 108K images where each image has an average of 35 objects, 26 attributes, and 21 pairwise relationships between objects. We canonicalize the objects, attributes, relationships, and noun phrases in region descriptions and questions answer pairs to WordNet synsets. ### Dataset Preprocessing ### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards ### Languages All of annotations use English as primary language. ## Dataset Structure ### Data Instances When loading a specific configuration, users has to append a version dependent suffix: ```python from datasets import load_dataset load_dataset("visual_genome", "region_description_v1.2.0") ``` #### region_descriptions An example of looks as follows. ``` { "image": , "image_id": 1, "url": "https://cs.stanford.edu/people/rak248/VG_100K_2/1.jpg", "width": 800, "height": 600, "coco_id": null, "flickr_id": null, "regions": [ { "region_id": 1382, "image_id": 1, "phrase": "the clock is green in colour", "x": 421, "y": 57, "width": 82, "height": 139 }, ... ] } ``` #### objects An example of looks as follows. ``` { "image": , "image_id": 1, "url": "https://cs.stanford.edu/people/rak248/VG_100K_2/1.jpg", "width": 800, "height": 600, "coco_id": null, "flickr_id": null, "objects": [ { "object_id": 1058498, "x": 421, "y": 91, "w": 79, "h": 339, "names": [ "clock" ], "synsets": [ "clock.n.01" ] }, ... ] } ``` #### attributes An example of looks as follows. ``` { "image": , "image_id": 1, "url": "https://cs.stanford.edu/people/rak248/VG_100K_2/1.jpg", "width": 800, "height": 600, "coco_id": null, "flickr_id": null, "attributes": [ { "object_id": 1058498, "x": 421, "y": 91, "w": 79, "h": 339, "names": [ "clock" ], "synsets": [ "clock.n.01" ], "attributes": [ "green", "tall" ] }, ... } ] ``` #### relationships An example of looks as follows. ``` { "image": , "image_id": 1, "url": "https://cs.stanford.edu/people/rak248/VG_100K_2/1.jpg", "width": 800, "height": 600, "coco_id": null, "flickr_id": null, "relationships": [ { "relationship_id": 15927, "predicate": "ON", "synsets": "['along.r.01']", "subject": { "object_id": 5045, "x": 119, "y": 338, "w": 274, "h": 192, "names": [ "shade" ], "synsets": [ "shade.n.01" ] }, "object": { "object_id": 5046, "x": 77, "y": 328, "w": 714, "h": 262, "names": [ "street" ], "synsets": [ "street.n.01" ] } } ... } ] ``` #### question_answers An example of looks as follows. ``` { "image": , "image_id": 1, "url": "https://cs.stanford.edu/people/rak248/VG_100K_2/1.jpg", "width": 800, "height": 600, "coco_id": null, "flickr_id": null, "qas": [ { "qa_id": 986768, "image_id": 1, "question": "What color is the clock?", "answer": "Green.", "a_objects": [], "q_objects": [] }, ... } ] ``` ### Data Fields When loading a specific configuration, users has to append a version dependent suffix: ```python from datasets import load_dataset load_dataset("visual_genome", "region_description_v1.2.0") ``` #### region_descriptions - `image`: A `PIL.Image.Image` object containing the image. Note that when accessing the image column: `dataset[0]["image"]` the image file is automatically decoded. Decoding of a large number of image files might take a significant amount of time. Thus it is important to first query the sample index before the `"image"` column, *i.e.* `dataset[0]["image"]` should **always** be preferred over `dataset["image"][0]` - `image_id`: Unique numeric ID of the image. - `url`: URL of source image. - `width`: Image width. - `height`: Image height. - `coco_id`: Id mapping to MSCOCO indexing. - `flickr_id`: Id mapping to Flicker indexing. - `regions`: Holds a list of `Region` dataclasses: - `region_id`: Unique numeric ID of the region. - `image_id`: Unique numeric ID of the image. - `x`: x coordinate of bounding box's top left corner. - `y`: y coordinate of bounding box's top left corner. - `width`: Bounding box width. - `height`: Bounding box height. #### objects - `image`: A `PIL.Image.Image` object containing the image. Note that when accessing the image column: `dataset[0]["image"]` the image file is automatically decoded. Decoding of a large number of image files might take a significant amount of time. Thus it is important to first query the sample index before the `"image"` column, *i.e.* `dataset[0]["image"]` should **always** be preferred over `dataset["image"][0]` - `image_id`: Unique numeric ID of the image. - `url`: URL of source image. - `width`: Image width. - `height`: Image height. - `coco_id`: Id mapping to MSCOCO indexing. - `flickr_id`: Id mapping to Flicker indexing. - `objects`: Holds a list of `Object` dataclasses: - `object_id`: Unique numeric ID of the object. - `x`: x coordinate of bounding box's top left corner. - `y`: y coordinate of bounding box's top left corner. - `w`: Bounding box width. - `h`: Bounding box height. - `names`: List of names associated with the object. This field can hold multiple values in the sense the multiple names are considered as acceptable. For example: ['monitor', 'computer'] at https://cs.stanford.edu/people/rak248/VG_100K/3.jpg - `synsets`: List of `WordNet synsets`. #### attributes - `image`: A `PIL.Image.Image` object containing the image. Note that when accessing the image column: `dataset[0]["image"]` the image file is automatically decoded. Decoding of a large number of image files might take a significant amount of time. Thus it is important to first query the sample index before the `"image"` column, *i.e.* `dataset[0]["image"]` should **always** be preferred over `dataset["image"][0]` - `image_id`: Unique numeric ID of the image. - `url`: URL of source image. - `width`: Image width. - `height`: Image height. - `coco_id`: Id mapping to MSCOCO indexing. - `flickr_id`: Id mapping to Flicker indexing. - `attributes`: Holds a list of `Object` dataclasses: - `object_id`: Unique numeric ID of the region. - `x`: x coordinate of bounding box's top left corner. - `y`: y coordinate of bounding box's top left corner. - `w`: Bounding box width. - `h`: Bounding box height. - `names`: List of names associated with the object. This field can hold multiple values in the sense the multiple names are considered as acceptable. For example: ['monitor', 'computer'] at https://cs.stanford.edu/people/rak248/VG_100K/3.jpg - `synsets`: List of `WordNet synsets`. - `attributes`: List of attributes associated with the object. #### relationships - `image`: A `PIL.Image.Image` object containing the image. Note that when accessing the image column: `dataset[0]["image"]` the image file is automatically decoded. Decoding of a large number of image files might take a significant amount of time. Thus it is important to first query the sample index before the `"image"` column, *i.e.* `dataset[0]["image"]` should **always** be preferred over `dataset["image"][0]` - `image_id`: Unique numeric ID of the image. - `url`: URL of source image. - `width`: Image width. - `height`: Image height. - `coco_id`: Id mapping to MSCOCO indexing. - `flickr_id`: Id mapping to Flicker indexing. - `relationships`: Holds a list of `Relationship` dataclasses: - `relationship_id`: Unique numeric ID of the object. - `predicate`: Predicate defining relationship between a subject and an object. - `synsets`: List of `WordNet synsets`. - `subject`: Object dataclass. See subsection on `objects`. - `object`: Object dataclass. See subsection on `objects`. #### question_answers - `image`: A `PIL.Image.Image` object containing the image. Note that when accessing the image column: `dataset[0]["image"]` the image file is automatically decoded. Decoding of a large number of image files might take a significant amount of time. Thus it is important to first query the sample index before the `"image"` column, *i.e.* `dataset[0]["image"]` should **always** be preferred over `dataset["image"][0]` - `image_id`: Unique numeric ID of the image. - `url`: URL of source image. - `width`: Image width. - `height`: Image height. - `coco_id`: Id mapping to MSCOCO indexing. - `flickr_id`: Id mapping to Flicker indexing. - `qas`: Holds a list of `Question-Answering` dataclasses: - `qa_id`: Unique numeric ID of the question-answer pair. - `image_id`: Unique numeric ID of the image. - `question`: Question. - `answer`: Answer. - `q_objects`: List of object dataclass associated with `question` field. See subsection on `objects`. - `a_objects`: List of object dataclass associated with `answer` field. See subsection on `objects`. ### Data Splits All the data is contained in training set. ## Dataset Creation ### Curation Rationale ### Source Data #### Initial Data Collection and Normalization #### Who are the source language producers? ### Annotations #### Annotation process #### Who are the annotators? From the paper: > We used Amazon Mechanical Turk (AMT) as our primary source of annotations. Overall, a total of over 33, 000 unique workers contributed to the dataset. The dataset was collected over the course of 6 months after 15 months of experimentation and iteration on the data representation. Approximately 800, 000 Human Intelligence Tasks (HITs) were launched on AMT, where each HIT involved creating descriptions, questions and answers, or region graphs. Each HIT was designed such that workers manage to earn anywhere between $6-$8 per hour if they work continuously, in line with ethical research standards on Mechanical Turk (Salehi et al., 2015). Visual Genome HITs achieved a 94.1% retention rate, meaning that 94.1% of workers who completed one of our tasks went ahead to do more. [...] 93.02% of workers contributed from the United States. The majority of our workers were between the ages of 25 and 34 years old. Our youngest contributor was 18 years and the oldest was 68 years old. We also had a near-balanced split of 54.15% male and 45.85% female workers. ### Personal and Sensitive Information ## Considerations for Using the Data ### Social Impact of Dataset ### Discussion of Biases ### Other Known Limitations ## Additional Information ### Dataset Curators ### Licensing Information Visual Genome by Ranjay Krishna is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. ### Citation Information ```bibtex @inproceedings{krishnavisualgenome, title={Visual Genome: Connecting Language and Vision Using Crowdsourced Dense Image Annotations}, author={Krishna, Ranjay and Zhu, Yuke and Groth, Oliver and Johnson, Justin and Hata, Kenji and Kravitz, Joshua and Chen, Stephanie and Kalantidis, Yannis and Li, Li-Jia and Shamma, David A and Bernstein, Michael and Fei-Fei, Li}, year = {2016}, url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/1602.07332}, } ``` ### Contributions Due to limitation of the dummy_data creation, we provide a `fix_generated_dummy_data.py` script that fix the dataset in-place. Thanks to [@thomasw21](https://github.com/thomasw21) for adding this dataset.