revflask/blockchain-benchmark · Datasets at Hugging Face

question stringlengths 15 971	choices sequencelengths 4 4	answer class label 4 classes
The defining idea of Uniswap v3 token is	[ "Concentrated Liquidity", "Diluted Liquidity", "Concentrated Programming", "Optimized price ranges" ]	0A
How does MetaMask interact with decentralized applications (DApps) on the Ethereum blockchain?	[ "MetaMask integrates directly with the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM), allowing DApps to execute smart contracts securely", "MetaMask injects a JavaScript library into web pages, enabling DApps to interact with users' Ethereum accounts (wallets) and sign transactions securely", "MetaMask acts as a decentralized exchange (DEX) for trading Ethereum-based tokens within DApps", "MetaMask provides a layer of encryption for storing private keys, ensuring secure access to DApps and Ethereum accounts" ]	1B
Arbitrum Orbit is an SDK to run _ and _ chains	[ "Validium and StarkEx", "State Channels and Proof of Authority chains", "Rollup and AnyTrust", "Plasma and Casper" ]	2C
What is fullform of WAVM?	[ "World Array Virtual Machine", "Woven Virtual Machine", "Warp Virtual Machine", "WebAssembly Virtual Machine" ]	3D
What is the name of token used by Tensorplex to stake Tao?	[ "stTAO", "sTAO", "TAO", "tpTAO" ]	0A
What is the primary function of Metamask?	[ "To enable users to create and manage decentralized identities (DIDs)", "To manage and secure Ethereum-based accounts and transactions", "To mine new cryptocurrency tokens through proof-of-work (PoW) consensus", "To provide a decentralized exchange (DEX) for trading cryptocurrencies" ]	1B
The ______ phrase is a crucial component of MetaMask, as it serves as the master key to access and recover the user's Ethereum account	[ "hash", "secret", "seed", "meta" ]	2C
What metamask feature is available on both Wallet API and Metamask SDK?	[ "Sending cryptocurrency transactions", "Retrieving account balances", "Managing smart contracts", "Connecting from a web DApp to the MetaMask extension" ]	3D
Using custom RPC methods such as connectAndSign and the ability to connect from web dapp to Metamask mobile are features of what?	[ "Metamask SDK", "Metamask API", "Metamask Mobile", "Metamask Chain" ]	0A
_ is a managed service that provides secure and reliable access to a variety of blockchain networks, removing the complexities of managing blockchain infrastructure, and allowing developers to focus on building innovative Web3 applications	[ "Alchemy", "Infura", "Truffle Suite", "Blockdaemon" ]	1B
Which ethereum EIP feature allows using window events to announce injected Wallet Providers, leading to a web dapp integrating with multiple installed browser wallets simultaneously?	[ "EIP-6961", "EIP-6969", "EIP-6963", "EIP-6967" ]	2C
Which ethereum EIP feature is a JavaScript Ethereum Provider API to standardise the interface across clients and applications?	[ "EIP-6961", "EIP-6963", "EIP-1100", "EIP-1193" ]	3D
Which ethereum EIP feature introduces a new transaction format for “blob-carrying transactions” which contain a large amount of data that cannot be accessed by EVM execution, but whose commitment can be accessed. The format is intended to be fully compatible with the format that will be used in full sharding	[ "EIP-4844", "EIP-4850", "EIP-6961", "EIP-6967" ]	0A
EIP-4399 exposes beacon chain randomness in the EVM by supplanting DIFFICULTY opcode semantics. In this what is the rationale for using mixHash header field instead of difficulty ?	[ "To simplify smart contract development by providing a standardized method for accessing randomness", "Avoid a class of hidden forkchoice bugs after the PoS upgrade", "To improve efficiency in block validation and reduce computational overhead", "To enhance security by leveraging a more reliable and verifiable source of randomness" ]	1B
What is the concept of a 51% attack in the context of blockchain networks?	[ "A 51% attack refers to the scenario where 51% of the total blockchain transactions are deemed invalid due to a software bug", "A 51% attack happens when a majority of blockchain nodes reach a consensus on a new protocol upgrade", "A 51% attack occurs when a single entity or a group of malicious actors gain control of more than 50% of the total computing power (hashrate) in a proof-of-work blockchain network", "A 51% attack occurs when a blockchain network's security is enhanced by reaching 51% node participation in its governance model" ]	2C
Layer 2 scaling solutions aim to _	[ "Increase the block size of the main blockchain", "Implement more complex consensus algorithms", "Enhance transaction privacy and anonymity", "Improve the blockchain's scalability by executing transactions off-chain" ]	3D
Zero-Knowledge Proofs are used in _	[ "Layer 2 scaling solutions like ZK-Rollups", "Enhancing the speed of consensus algorithms", "Verifying transactions without revealing their details", "Increasing the block size of the main blockchain" ]	0A
What contract specification mentioned in Solidity documentation is the standard way to interact with contracts in the Ethereum ecosystem, both from outside the blockchain and for contract-to-contract interaction?	[ "Solidity Interface Definition Language (SIDL)", "Application Binary Interface (ABI)", "Ethereum Contract Access Protocol (ECAP)", "Ethereum Contract Communication Protocol (ECCP)" ]	1B
What does the solidity code abi.encodeWithSelector(bytes4 selector, ...) returns (bytes memory) do?	[ "Generates a random four-byte selector for the function", "Returns the ABI-encoded data without the function selector", "ABI-encodes the given arguments starting from the second and prepends the given four-byte selector", "Executes the function identified by the given selector" ]	2C
What does the solidity code <address payable>.transfer(uint256 amount) do?	[ "Send given amount of BTC to address_payable", "Send given amount of ETH to address_payable", "Send given amount of TAO to address_payable", "Send given amount of Wei to address_payable" ]	3D
What does the modifier immutable do for state variables in solidity?	[ "Allows assignment at construction time and is constant when deployed. Is stored in code", "Allows the state variable to be modified after contract deployment", "Makes the state variable changeable through external transactions", "Indicates that the state variable is stored in memory rather than in the contract's storage" ]	0A
Why is the pragma keyword used in solidity code?	[ "Adjusting gas fees for contract deployment", "Enable certain compiler features or checks", "Specifying version constraints for external libraries", "Defining network-specific settings for contract execution" ]	1B
Which common solidity pattern is displayed here? // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0 pragma solidity ^0.8.4; contract WithdrawalContract { address public richest; uint public mostSent; mapping(address => uint) pendingWithdrawals; /// The amount of Ether sent was not higher than /// the currently highest amount. error NotEnoughEther(); constructor() payable { richest = msg.sender; mostSent = msg.value; } function becomeRichest() public payable { if (msg.value <= mostSent) revert NotEnoughEther(); pendingWithdrawals[richest] += msg.value; richest = msg.sender; mostSent = msg.value; } function withdraw() public { uint amount = pendingWithdrawals[msg.sender]; // Remember to zero the pending refund before // sending to prevent reentrancy attacks pendingWithdrawals[msg.sender] = 0; payable(msg.sender).transfer(amount); } }	[ "mvc pattern", "sending pattern", "withdrawal pattern", "consesus pattern" ]	2C
Which common solidity pattern is displayed here? // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0 pragma solidity ^0.8.4; contract SendContract { address payable public richest; uint public mostSent; /// The amount of Ether sent was not higher than /// the currently highest amount. error NotEnoughEther(); constructor() payable { richest = payable(msg.sender); mostSent = msg.value; } function becomeRichest() public payable { if (msg.value <= mostSent) revert NotEnoughEther(); // This line can cause problems (explained below). richest.transfer(msg.value); richest = payable(msg.sender); mostSent = msg.value; } }	[ "mvc pattern", "consenus pattern", "withdrawal pattern", "sending pattern" ]	3D
What is the task of a subnet miner in bittensor?	[ "Depends on the type of subnet. Examples include ML or storage tasks", "Validate tasks", "Provide liquidity to the chain", "Provide security to the chain" ]	0A
How many subnets are present in bittensor?	[ "32", "36", "49", "89" ]	1B
What does this bittensor cli command do: btcli subnets pow_register --netuid 1 --pow_register.num_processes 4 --cuda.use_cuda	[ "Engaging in computational tasks such as mining or processing within the BitTensor ecosystem", "Submitting data for storage on a decentralized file system", "Registers a neuron on the Bittensor network using Proof of Work (PoW)", "Transferring digital assets between network participants" ]	2C
What does this bittensor cli command do: btcli root slash --netuid 1 --decrease 0.01	[ "This command increases the weight by 0.001 for subnet with netuid 1", "This command increases the weight by 0.01 for subnet with netuid 1", "This command slashes the weight by 0.001 for root subnet", "This command slashes the weight by 0.01 for subnet with netuid 1" ]	3D
Bittensor subnets are competitive and only 32 subnet slots exist in the Bittensor network. As a result, subnet performance is continously monitored, poor-performing subnets are deregistered and the registration cost will be returned to the deregistered subnet owner. At the end of immunity period, which subnet is deregistered?	[ "Subnet with the lowest performance", "Subnet with the highest emissions", "Subnet with the lowest members", "Subnet with the lowest emissions" ]	3D
Why is this the case for bittensor subnets: A validate function will blacklist set-weights transactions from keys with less than 1000 TAO	[ "This is designed to reduce chain bloat and make it easier for validators and root network participants to set weights on the chain", "Encouraging a higher threshold of network activity and engagement for validators", "Restricting the participation of nodes with insufficient computational power", "Facilitating fair and secure distribution of rewards to network participants" ]	0A
___ include one or more instructions, each representing a specific operation to be processed. The execution logic for instructions is stored on programs deployed to the Solana network, where each program stores its own set of instructions	[ "Validators", "Transactions", "Miners", "Tokens" ]	1B
What does this code do? // Define the amount to transfer const transferAmount = 0.01; // 0.01 SOL // Create a transfer instruction for transferring SOL from wallet_1 to wallet_2 const transferInstruction = SystemProgram.transfer({ fromPubkey: sender.publicKey, toPubkey: receiver.publicKey, lamports: transferAmount * LAMPORTS_PER_SOL, // Convert transferAmount to lamports }); // Add the transfer instruction to a new transaction const transaction = new Transaction().add(transferInstruction);	[ "SOL transfer instruction using the System.transfer method", "SOL transfer instruction using the SystemProgram.transferSol method", "SOL transfer instruction using the SystemProgram.transfer method", "SOL transfer instruction using the Program.transfer method" ]	2C
A Solana transaction consists of ___ and ___	[ "Instructions and Signatures", "Lamports and Tokens", "Sender and Receiver", "Signature and Message" ]	3D
What is the total size of a Solana transaction limited to (follows IPv6 MTU size constraints)?	[ "1232 bytes", "1262 bytes", "2211 bytes", "1024 bytes" ]	0A
The way data is organized on Solana resembles a key-value store, where each entry in the database is called an ___	[ "Account", "Transactions", "Dict", "Atomic Transaction" ]	1B
___ are special accounts located at predefined addresses that provide access to cluster state data	[ "Sysvariable accounts", "sysadmin accounts", "Sysvar accounts", "sysadm accounts" ]	2C
What does the solana code define? pub fn invoke_signed( instruction: &Instruction, account_infos: &[AccountInfo<'_>], signers_seeds: &[&[&[u8]]] ) -> Result<(), ProgramError>	[ "Public function to invoke a signed fn that requires signers seeds", "Execute a program instruction with specific account information", "Send SOL tokens from one wallet to another", "Public function to make a Cross Program Invocation (CPI) that requires PDA signers" ]	3D
On Solana, ___ is the method of creating a "fingerprint" (or hash) of off-chain data and storing this fingerprint on-chain for secure verification. Effectively using the security of the Solana ledger to securely validate off-chain data, verifying it has not been tampered with	[ "State Compression", "Transaction Confirmation", "Token Minting", "Account Delegation" ]	0A
What data structure is used by Solana for State Compression?	[ "Distributed Hash Table (DHT)", "Concurrent Merkle Tree", "B+ Tree", "Bloom Filter" ]	1B
Which of the following is true for OpenZeppelin ?	[ "OpenZeppelin provides a limited set of smart contract templates for basic token functionality", "OpenZeppelin focuses on creating gaming platforms powered by blockchain technology", "OpenZeppelin provides a complete suite of security products to adopt security best practices from the first line of code all the way to running your decentralized application on-chain", "OpenZeppelin offers cloud-based data analytics tools for blockchain networks" ]	2C
What are OpenZeppelin Contracts?	[ "A blockchain-based social media network", "A platform for decentralized finance (DeFi) lending and borrowing", "An online marketplace for buying and selling digital artwork", "A library for secure smart contract development" ]	3D
What are benefits of OpenZeppelin Contracts?	[ "Implements standards like ERC20 and ERC721. Has flexible role-based permissioning scheme and reusable solidity components", "Supports native integration with legacy banking systems", "Enables automatic gas fee optimization", "Includes a built-in decentralized exchange (DEX) protocol" ]	0A
What is the file extension of solidity source files?	[ "solidity", "sol", "sd", "soy" ]	1B
Which keyword in Solidity is used to define a function that can be called by other contracts or externally by users?	[ "internal", "public function", "external", "shared" ]	2C
What is the purpose of the view function modifier in Solidity?	[ "Allows the function to transfer Ether between addresses", "Specifies that the function is only accessible by the contract owner", "Ensures that the function is executed asynchronously", "It signifies that the function does not read from or modify the contract's state" ]	3D
Which data location is used for function parameters that are value types (e.g., uint, address) in Solidity?	[ "calldata", "register", "on-chain", "mutable" ]	0A
In Solidity, what does the fallback function handle?	[ "Handling external API calls", "It is invoked when the contract receives Ether without a corresponding function identifier", "Managing event logging and monitoring", "Executing smart contract deployment" ]	1B
Which Solidity data type is used to store the address of another contract?	[ "delegate", "contract", "address", "namehash" ]	2C
What does EIP-20 specify?	[ "A specification for decentralized file storage", "Guidelines for blockchain scalability solutions", "A protocol for consensus mechanisms", "A standard interface for fungible tokens (ERC-20 tokens)" ]	3D
Which EIP introduced the concept of the Ethereum Name Service (ENS), allowing users to register and resolve human-readable domain names for Ethereum addresses?	[ "EIP-137", "EIP-1220", "EIP-6163", "EIP-4247" ]	0A
What hashing algorithm is used in EIP-137 to hash names?	[ "sha256", "namehash", "ecdsa", "hashext" ]	1B
What does EIP-1559 specify?	[ "A proposal to establish a decentralized exchange protocol for token swapping", "A standardization effort for blockchain-based supply chain management", "A transaction pricing mechanism that includes fixed-per-block network fee that is burned and dynamically expands/contracts block sizes to deal with transient congestion", "A mechanism for optimizing smart contract execution gas fees through dynamic adjustments based on network congestion" ]	2C
What does EIP-1962 propose to introduce?	[ "Specifications for cross-shard communication in sharded blockchains", "Guidelines for token issuance and management on Ethereum", "Standards for secure hash functions in smart contract development", "Precompiles for Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA)" ]	3D
Which of these are functions of OpenZeppelin Defender?	[ "Mission-critical developer security platform to code, audit, deploy, monitor, and operate blockchain applications", "Real-time weather forecasting for decentralized applications", "Token mining and distribution mechanisms", "Autonomous trading algorithms for cryptocurrency markets" ]	0A
Nodes run smart contract code on _	[ "Blockchain Validator Nodes", "Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM)", "Ethereum Consensus Protocol", "zkVM" ]	1B
FTMScan is used to view transactions of which chain?	[ "Solana", "Ethereum", "Fantom", "Bitcoin" ]	2C
Fullform of ABFT is ___	[ "Adaptive Blockchain Framework Technology", "Automated Blockchain Financial Transactions", "Asynchronous Blockchain Fund Transfer", "Asynchronous Byzantine Fault Tolerance" ]	3D
When did Fantom mainnet go live?	[ "27th December, 2019", "27th December, 2018", "27th December, 2020", "27th December, 2021" ]	0A
What is Eigenlayer?	[ "A framework for optimizing blockchain transaction processing speeds through sharding and parallelization", "EigenLayer is a protocol built on Ethereum that introduces restaking, a new primitive in cryptoeconomic security. This primitive enables the reuse of ETH on the consensus layer", "An algorithmic stablecoin protocol based on collateralized assets", "A decentralized ecosystem for peer-to-peer lending and borrowing" ]	1B
What are Actively Validated Services (AVSs)?	[ "Protocol for decentralized identity management and verification", "Blockchain-based marketplaces for buying and selling digital assets", "They are services built on the EigenLayer protocol that leverage Ethereum's shared security and deliver services to consumers and web3 ecosystem", "Decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs) focused on governance and decision-making" ]	2C
What is EigenDA?	[ "Protocol for decentralized identity management and verification", "Blockchain-based marketplaces for buying and selling digital assets", "A decentralized music streaming platform for artists and listeners", "data availability store made by EigenLabs and built on top of EigenLayer" ]	3D
What are the main components in EigenDA?	[ "Operators, The Disperser (untrusted), Retrievers (untrusted)", "Gateways, Oracles (trusted)", "Miners, Hashers (untrusted)", "Validators, Stakers (trusted)" ]	0A
What is the EigenDA Churn Approver?	[ "Protocol for decentralized identity management and verification", "Perform a trusted service of supplying the smallest operator by quorum weight to the registration contracts", "They are services built on the EigenLayer protocol that leverage Ethereum's shared security and deliver services to consumers and web3 ecosystem", "Decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs) focused on governance and decision-making" ]	1B
What does zkLink do?	[ "Protocol for decentralized identity management and verification", "Perform a trusted service of supplying the smallest operator by quorum weight to the registration contracts", "develops zero-knowledge blockchain solutions for the Ethereum ecosystem. It enhances performance and reduces the cost for trading DApps", "Decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs) focused on governance and decision-making" ]	2C
What is the advantage of NativeX?	[ "Provides cross-chain interoperability for token swaps", "Implements quantum-resistant cryptography for blockchain security", "Offers decentralized insurance solutions for smart contracts", "Leverages an advanced PMM-RFQ pricing mechanism that combines the capital efficiency of CEXs with the self-custody of DEXs" ]	3D
What is zkSync?	[ "Zero Knowledge (ZK) rollup designed for EVM compatibility within the Ethereum blockchain", "Implements quantum-resistant cryptography for blockchain security", "Offers decentralized insurance solutions for smart contracts", "Leverages an advanced PMM-RFQ pricing mechanism that combines the capital efficiency of CEXs with the self-custody of DEXs" ]	0A
What distinguishes zkSync Era from Optimistic Rollups?	[ "Optimistic Rollups are designed for interoperability with traditional banking systems, while zkSync Era focuses on decentralized finance (DeFi) applications within the Ethereum ecosystem", "Unlike Optimistic Rollups, which rely on game theory for security and have a fixed settlement time, zkSync Era offers immediate certainty through mathematical proofs, significantly shorter settlement times, and scalability beyond current limitations", "Optimistic Rollups rely on complex economic incentives and dispute resolution mechanisms, whereas zkSync Era uses deterministic mathematical proofs for transaction validation", "Unlike zkSync, which rely on game theory for security and have a fixed settlement time, Optimistic Rollips Era offers immediate certainty through mathematical proofs, significantly shorter settlement times, and scalability beyond current limitations" ]	1B
A testnet regenesis in zkSync Era refers to _	[ "Generating new cryptographic keys for enhanced security", "Rewriting transaction history to remove invalid transactions", "a restart of the blockchain to introduce upgrades and return to the initial state", "Airdropping new tokens to all addresses on the blockchain" ]	2C
How does zkSync Era improve upon EVM?	[ "Integrates machine learning algorithms for optimized transaction processing", "Utilizes Rust-based smart contract development for improved security", "Introduces JavaScript-based smart contracts for increased flexibility", "Enhances on efficiency by using LLVM based compiler and account abstraction" ]	3D
What is the name of the RISC-like virtual machine optimized for ZKP?	[ "zkVM", "riscVM", "zkpVM", "VM" ]	0A
What is the concept of Bundler as introduced in ERC-4337?	[ "Bundler utilizes machine learning algorithms for dynamic fee optimization and transaction prioritization on Ethereum-based networks", "Bundler introduces novel governance mechanisms for decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs) to facilitate community-driven decision-making", "Aims to bring Account Abstraction to EVM chains. Essentially, it forwards the user operations to the Entrypoint which are then further forwarded to the smart contract accounts for execution", "Bundler aims to create a decentralized marketplace for digital goods and services on Ethereum, enabling peer-to-peer transactions with minimal fees" ]	2C
What is rundler?	[ "An ERC-4327 Bundler in Rust", "An ERC-4337 Bundler in Rust", "An ERC-4317 Bundler in Rust", "An ERC-4307 Bundler in Rust" ]	1B
Below is some Arbitrum code, what does it do?async function main() { const block = await alchemy.core.getBlock( "0x92fc42b9642023f2ee2e88094df80ce87e15d91afa812fef383e6e5cd96e2ed3" ); console.log(block); } main();	[ "Gets for oldest blocks on the subnet by name", "Gets for latest blocks on the subnet", "Subscribes for new blocks on the blockchain", "Gets the block on arbitrum corresponding to a specific hash" ]	3D
Below is some Arbitrum code, what does it do?alchemy.ws.on("block", (blockNumber) => console.log("The latest block number is", blockNumber) );	[ "Subscribes for new blocks on the blockchain", "Gets for latest blocks on the subnet", "Subscribes for oldest blocks on the blockchain", "Subscribes for newest blocks on the ethereum blockchain" ]	0A

The defining idea of Uniswap v3 token is

[ "Concentrated Liquidity", "Diluted Liquidity", "Concentrated Programming", "Optimized price ranges" ]

0A

How does MetaMask interact with decentralized applications (DApps) on the Ethereum blockchain?

[ "MetaMask integrates directly with the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM), allowing DApps to execute smart contracts securely", "MetaMask injects a JavaScript library into web pages, enabling DApps to interact with users' Ethereum accounts (wallets) and sign transactions securely", "MetaMask acts as a decentralized exchange (DEX) for trading Ethereum-based tokens within DApps", "MetaMask provides a layer of encryption for storing private keys, ensuring secure access to DApps and Ethereum accounts" ]

1B

Arbitrum Orbit is an SDK to run _ and _ chains

[ "Validium and StarkEx", "State Channels and Proof of Authority chains", "Rollup and AnyTrust", "Plasma and Casper" ]

2C

What is fullform of WAVM?

[ "World Array Virtual Machine", "Woven Virtual Machine", "Warp Virtual Machine", "WebAssembly Virtual Machine" ]

3D

What is the name of token used by Tensorplex to stake Tao?

[ "stTAO", "sTAO", "TAO", "tpTAO" ]

0A

What is the primary function of Metamask?

[ "To enable users to create and manage decentralized identities (DIDs)", "To manage and secure Ethereum-based accounts and transactions", "To mine new cryptocurrency tokens through proof-of-work (PoW) consensus", "To provide a decentralized exchange (DEX) for trading cryptocurrencies" ]

1B

The ______ phrase is a crucial component of MetaMask, as it serves as the master key to access and recover the user's Ethereum account

[ "hash", "secret", "seed", "meta" ]

2C

What metamask feature is available on both Wallet API and Metamask SDK?

[ "Sending cryptocurrency transactions", "Retrieving account balances", "Managing smart contracts", "Connecting from a web DApp to the MetaMask extension" ]

3D

Using custom RPC methods such as connectAndSign and the ability to connect from web dapp to Metamask mobile are features of what?

[ "Metamask SDK", "Metamask API", "Metamask Mobile", "Metamask Chain" ]

0A

_ is a managed service that provides secure and reliable access to a variety of blockchain networks, removing the complexities of managing blockchain infrastructure, and allowing developers to focus on building innovative Web3 applications

[ "Alchemy", "Infura", "Truffle Suite", "Blockdaemon" ]

1B

Which ethereum EIP feature allows using window events to announce injected Wallet Providers, leading to a web dapp integrating with multiple installed browser wallets simultaneously?

[ "EIP-6961", "EIP-6969", "EIP-6963", "EIP-6967" ]

2C

Which ethereum EIP feature is a JavaScript Ethereum Provider API to standardise the interface across clients and applications?

[ "EIP-6961", "EIP-6963", "EIP-1100", "EIP-1193" ]

3D

Which ethereum EIP feature introduces a new transaction format for “blob-carrying transactions” which contain a large amount of data that cannot be accessed by EVM execution, but whose commitment can be accessed. The format is intended to be fully compatible with the format that will be used in full sharding

[ "EIP-4844", "EIP-4850", "EIP-6961", "EIP-6967" ]

0A

EIP-4399 exposes beacon chain randomness in the EVM by supplanting DIFFICULTY opcode semantics. In this what is the rationale for using mixHash header field instead of difficulty ?

[ "To simplify smart contract development by providing a standardized method for accessing randomness", "Avoid a class of hidden forkchoice bugs after the PoS upgrade", "To improve efficiency in block validation and reduce computational overhead", "To enhance security by leveraging a more reliable and verifiable source of randomness" ]

1B

What is the concept of a 51% attack in the context of blockchain networks?

[ "A 51% attack refers to the scenario where 51% of the total blockchain transactions are deemed invalid due to a software bug", "A 51% attack happens when a majority of blockchain nodes reach a consensus on a new protocol upgrade", "A 51% attack occurs when a single entity or a group of malicious actors gain control of more than 50% of the total computing power (hashrate) in a proof-of-work blockchain network", "A 51% attack occurs when a blockchain network's security is enhanced by reaching 51% node participation in its governance model" ]

2C

Layer 2 scaling solutions aim to _

[ "Increase the block size of the main blockchain", "Implement more complex consensus algorithms", "Enhance transaction privacy and anonymity", "Improve the blockchain's scalability by executing transactions off-chain" ]

3D

Zero-Knowledge Proofs are used in _

[ "Layer 2 scaling solutions like ZK-Rollups", "Enhancing the speed of consensus algorithms", "Verifying transactions without revealing their details", "Increasing the block size of the main blockchain" ]

0A

What contract specification mentioned in Solidity documentation is the standard way to interact with contracts in the Ethereum ecosystem, both from outside the blockchain and for contract-to-contract interaction?

[ "Solidity Interface Definition Language (SIDL)", "Application Binary Interface (ABI)", "Ethereum Contract Access Protocol (ECAP)", "Ethereum Contract Communication Protocol (ECCP)" ]

1B

What does the solidity code abi.encodeWithSelector(bytes4 selector, ...) returns (bytes memory) do?

[ "Generates a random four-byte selector for the function", "Returns the ABI-encoded data without the function selector", "ABI-encodes the given arguments starting from the second and prepends the given four-byte selector", "Executes the function identified by the given selector" ]

2C

What does the solidity code <address payable>.transfer(uint256 amount) do?

[ "Send given amount of BTC to address_payable", "Send given amount of ETH to address_payable", "Send given amount of TAO to address_payable", "Send given amount of Wei to address_payable" ]

3D

What does the modifier immutable do for state variables in solidity?

[ "Allows assignment at construction time and is constant when deployed. Is stored in code", "Allows the state variable to be modified after contract deployment", "Makes the state variable changeable through external transactions", "Indicates that the state variable is stored in memory rather than in the contract's storage" ]

0A

Why is the pragma keyword used in solidity code?

[ "Adjusting gas fees for contract deployment", "Enable certain compiler features or checks", "Specifying version constraints for external libraries", "Defining network-specific settings for contract execution" ]

1B

Which common solidity pattern is displayed here? // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0 pragma solidity ^0.8.4; contract WithdrawalContract { address public richest; uint public mostSent; mapping(address => uint) pendingWithdrawals; /// The amount of Ether sent was not higher than /// the currently highest amount. error NotEnoughEther(); constructor() payable { richest = msg.sender; mostSent = msg.value; } function becomeRichest() public payable { if (msg.value <= mostSent) revert NotEnoughEther(); pendingWithdrawals[richest] += msg.value; richest = msg.sender; mostSent = msg.value; } function withdraw() public { uint amount = pendingWithdrawals[msg.sender]; // Remember to zero the pending refund before // sending to prevent reentrancy attacks pendingWithdrawals[msg.sender] = 0; payable(msg.sender).transfer(amount); } }

[ "mvc pattern", "sending pattern", "withdrawal pattern", "consesus pattern" ]

2C

Which common solidity pattern is displayed here? // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0 pragma solidity ^0.8.4; contract SendContract { address payable public richest; uint public mostSent; /// The amount of Ether sent was not higher than /// the currently highest amount. error NotEnoughEther(); constructor() payable { richest = payable(msg.sender); mostSent = msg.value; } function becomeRichest() public payable { if (msg.value <= mostSent) revert NotEnoughEther(); // This line can cause problems (explained below). richest.transfer(msg.value); richest = payable(msg.sender); mostSent = msg.value; } }

[ "mvc pattern", "consenus pattern", "withdrawal pattern", "sending pattern" ]

3D

What is the task of a subnet miner in bittensor?

[ "Depends on the type of subnet. Examples include ML or storage tasks", "Validate tasks", "Provide liquidity to the chain", "Provide security to the chain" ]

0A

How many subnets are present in bittensor?

[ "32", "36", "49", "89" ]

1B

What does this bittensor cli command do: btcli subnets pow_register --netuid 1 --pow_register.num_processes 4 --cuda.use_cuda

[ "Engaging in computational tasks such as mining or processing within the BitTensor ecosystem", "Submitting data for storage on a decentralized file system", "Registers a neuron on the Bittensor network using Proof of Work (PoW)", "Transferring digital assets between network participants" ]

2C

What does this bittensor cli command do: btcli root slash --netuid 1 --decrease 0.01

[ "This command increases the weight by 0.001 for subnet with netuid 1", "This command increases the weight by 0.01 for subnet with netuid 1", "This command slashes the weight by 0.001 for root subnet", "This command slashes the weight by 0.01 for subnet with netuid 1" ]

3D

Bittensor subnets are competitive and only 32 subnet slots exist in the Bittensor network. As a result, subnet performance is continously monitored, poor-performing subnets are deregistered and the registration cost will be returned to the deregistered subnet owner. At the end of immunity period, which subnet is deregistered?

[ "Subnet with the lowest performance", "Subnet with the highest emissions", "Subnet with the lowest members", "Subnet with the lowest emissions" ]

3D

Why is this the case for bittensor subnets: A validate function will blacklist set-weights transactions from keys with less than 1000 TAO

[ "This is designed to reduce chain bloat and make it easier for validators and root network participants to set weights on the chain", "Encouraging a higher threshold of network activity and engagement for validators", "Restricting the participation of nodes with insufficient computational power", "Facilitating fair and secure distribution of rewards to network participants" ]

0A

___ include one or more instructions, each representing a specific operation to be processed. The execution logic for instructions is stored on programs deployed to the Solana network, where each program stores its own set of instructions

[ "Validators", "Transactions", "Miners", "Tokens" ]

1B

What does this code do? // Define the amount to transfer const transferAmount = 0.01; // 0.01 SOL // Create a transfer instruction for transferring SOL from wallet_1 to wallet_2 const transferInstruction = SystemProgram.transfer({ fromPubkey: sender.publicKey, toPubkey: receiver.publicKey, lamports: transferAmount * LAMPORTS_PER_SOL, // Convert transferAmount to lamports }); // Add the transfer instruction to a new transaction const transaction = new Transaction().add(transferInstruction);

[ "SOL transfer instruction using the System.transfer method", "SOL transfer instruction using the SystemProgram.transferSol method", "SOL transfer instruction using the SystemProgram.transfer method", "SOL transfer instruction using the Program.transfer method" ]

2C

A Solana transaction consists of ___ and ___

[ "Instructions and Signatures", "Lamports and Tokens", "Sender and Receiver", "Signature and Message" ]

3D

What is the total size of a Solana transaction limited to (follows IPv6 MTU size constraints)?

[ "1232 bytes", "1262 bytes", "2211 bytes", "1024 bytes" ]

0A

The way data is organized on Solana resembles a key-value store, where each entry in the database is called an ___

[ "Account", "Transactions", "Dict", "Atomic Transaction" ]

1B

___ are special accounts located at predefined addresses that provide access to cluster state data

[ "Sysvariable accounts", "sysadmin accounts", "Sysvar accounts", "sysadm accounts" ]

2C

What does the solana code define? pub fn invoke_signed( instruction: &Instruction, account_infos: &[AccountInfo<'_>], signers_seeds: &[&[&[u8]]] ) -> Result<(), ProgramError>

[ "Public function to invoke a signed fn that requires signers seeds", "Execute a program instruction with specific account information", "Send SOL tokens from one wallet to another", "Public function to make a Cross Program Invocation (CPI) that requires PDA signers" ]

3D

On Solana, ___ is the method of creating a "fingerprint" (or hash) of off-chain data and storing this fingerprint on-chain for secure verification. Effectively using the security of the Solana ledger to securely validate off-chain data, verifying it has not been tampered with

[ "State Compression", "Transaction Confirmation", "Token Minting", "Account Delegation" ]

0A

What data structure is used by Solana for State Compression?

[ "Distributed Hash Table (DHT)", "Concurrent Merkle Tree", "B+ Tree", "Bloom Filter" ]

1B

Which of the following is true for OpenZeppelin ?

[ "OpenZeppelin provides a limited set of smart contract templates for basic token functionality", "OpenZeppelin focuses on creating gaming platforms powered by blockchain technology", "OpenZeppelin provides a complete suite of security products to adopt security best practices from the first line of code all the way to running your decentralized application on-chain", "OpenZeppelin offers cloud-based data analytics tools for blockchain networks" ]

2C

What are OpenZeppelin Contracts?

[ "A blockchain-based social media network", "A platform for decentralized finance (DeFi) lending and borrowing", "An online marketplace for buying and selling digital artwork", "A library for secure smart contract development" ]

3D

What are benefits of OpenZeppelin Contracts?

[ "Implements standards like ERC20 and ERC721. Has flexible role-based permissioning scheme and reusable solidity components", "Supports native integration with legacy banking systems", "Enables automatic gas fee optimization", "Includes a built-in decentralized exchange (DEX) protocol" ]

0A

What is the file extension of solidity source files?

[ "solidity", "sol", "sd", "soy" ]

1B

Which keyword in Solidity is used to define a function that can be called by other contracts or externally by users?

[ "internal", "public function", "external", "shared" ]

2C

What is the purpose of the view function modifier in Solidity?

[ "Allows the function to transfer Ether between addresses", "Specifies that the function is only accessible by the contract owner", "Ensures that the function is executed asynchronously", "It signifies that the function does not read from or modify the contract's state" ]

3D

Which data location is used for function parameters that are value types (e.g., uint, address) in Solidity?

[ "calldata", "register", "on-chain", "mutable" ]

0A

In Solidity, what does the fallback function handle?

[ "Handling external API calls", "It is invoked when the contract receives Ether without a corresponding function identifier", "Managing event logging and monitoring", "Executing smart contract deployment" ]

1B

Which Solidity data type is used to store the address of another contract?

[ "delegate", "contract", "address", "namehash" ]

2C

What does EIP-20 specify?

[ "A specification for decentralized file storage", "Guidelines for blockchain scalability solutions", "A protocol for consensus mechanisms", "A standard interface for fungible tokens (ERC-20 tokens)" ]

3D

Which EIP introduced the concept of the Ethereum Name Service (ENS), allowing users to register and resolve human-readable domain names for Ethereum addresses?

[ "EIP-137", "EIP-1220", "EIP-6163", "EIP-4247" ]

0A

What hashing algorithm is used in EIP-137 to hash names?

[ "sha256", "namehash", "ecdsa", "hashext" ]

1B

What does EIP-1559 specify?

[ "A proposal to establish a decentralized exchange protocol for token swapping", "A standardization effort for blockchain-based supply chain management", "A transaction pricing mechanism that includes fixed-per-block network fee that is burned and dynamically expands/contracts block sizes to deal with transient congestion", "A mechanism for optimizing smart contract execution gas fees through dynamic adjustments based on network congestion" ]

2C

What does EIP-1962 propose to introduce?

[ "Specifications for cross-shard communication in sharded blockchains", "Guidelines for token issuance and management on Ethereum", "Standards for secure hash functions in smart contract development", "Precompiles for Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA)" ]

3D

Which of these are functions of OpenZeppelin Defender?

[ "Mission-critical developer security platform to code, audit, deploy, monitor, and operate blockchain applications", "Real-time weather forecasting for decentralized applications", "Token mining and distribution mechanisms", "Autonomous trading algorithms for cryptocurrency markets" ]

0A

Nodes run smart contract code on _

[ "Blockchain Validator Nodes", "Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM)", "Ethereum Consensus Protocol", "zkVM" ]

1B

FTMScan is used to view transactions of which chain?

[ "Solana", "Ethereum", "Fantom", "Bitcoin" ]

2C

Fullform of ABFT is ___

[ "Adaptive Blockchain Framework Technology", "Automated Blockchain Financial Transactions", "Asynchronous Blockchain Fund Transfer", "Asynchronous Byzantine Fault Tolerance" ]

3D

When did Fantom mainnet go live?

[ "27th December, 2019", "27th December, 2018", "27th December, 2020", "27th December, 2021" ]

0A

What is Eigenlayer?

[ "A framework for optimizing blockchain transaction processing speeds through sharding and parallelization", "EigenLayer is a protocol built on Ethereum that introduces restaking, a new primitive in cryptoeconomic security. This primitive enables the reuse of ETH on the consensus layer", "An algorithmic stablecoin protocol based on collateralized assets", "A decentralized ecosystem for peer-to-peer lending and borrowing" ]

1B

What are Actively Validated Services (AVSs)?

[ "Protocol for decentralized identity management and verification", "Blockchain-based marketplaces for buying and selling digital assets", "They are services built on the EigenLayer protocol that leverage Ethereum's shared security and deliver services to consumers and web3 ecosystem", "Decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs) focused on governance and decision-making" ]

2C

What is EigenDA?

[ "Protocol for decentralized identity management and verification", "Blockchain-based marketplaces for buying and selling digital assets", "A decentralized music streaming platform for artists and listeners", "data availability store made by EigenLabs and built on top of EigenLayer" ]

3D

What are the main components in EigenDA?

[ "Operators, The Disperser (untrusted), Retrievers (untrusted)", "Gateways, Oracles (trusted)", "Miners, Hashers (untrusted)", "Validators, Stakers (trusted)" ]

0A

What is the EigenDA Churn Approver?

[ "Protocol for decentralized identity management and verification", "Perform a trusted service of supplying the smallest operator by quorum weight to the registration contracts", "They are services built on the EigenLayer protocol that leverage Ethereum's shared security and deliver services to consumers and web3 ecosystem", "Decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs) focused on governance and decision-making" ]

1B

What does zkLink do?

[ "Protocol for decentralized identity management and verification", "Perform a trusted service of supplying the smallest operator by quorum weight to the registration contracts", "develops zero-knowledge blockchain solutions for the Ethereum ecosystem. It enhances performance and reduces the cost for trading DApps", "Decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs) focused on governance and decision-making" ]

2C

What is the advantage of NativeX?

[ "Provides cross-chain interoperability for token swaps", "Implements quantum-resistant cryptography for blockchain security", "Offers decentralized insurance solutions for smart contracts", "Leverages an advanced PMM-RFQ pricing mechanism that combines the capital efficiency of CEXs with the self-custody of DEXs" ]

3D

What is zkSync?

[ "Zero Knowledge (ZK) rollup designed for EVM compatibility within the Ethereum blockchain", "Implements quantum-resistant cryptography for blockchain security", "Offers decentralized insurance solutions for smart contracts", "Leverages an advanced PMM-RFQ pricing mechanism that combines the capital efficiency of CEXs with the self-custody of DEXs" ]

0A

What distinguishes zkSync Era from Optimistic Rollups?

[ "Optimistic Rollups are designed for interoperability with traditional banking systems, while zkSync Era focuses on decentralized finance (DeFi) applications within the Ethereum ecosystem", "Unlike Optimistic Rollups, which rely on game theory for security and have a fixed settlement time, zkSync Era offers immediate certainty through mathematical proofs, significantly shorter settlement times, and scalability beyond current limitations", "Optimistic Rollups rely on complex economic incentives and dispute resolution mechanisms, whereas zkSync Era uses deterministic mathematical proofs for transaction validation", "Unlike zkSync, which rely on game theory for security and have a fixed settlement time, Optimistic Rollips Era offers immediate certainty through mathematical proofs, significantly shorter settlement times, and scalability beyond current limitations" ]

1B

A testnet regenesis in zkSync Era refers to _

[ "Generating new cryptographic keys for enhanced security", "Rewriting transaction history to remove invalid transactions", "a restart of the blockchain to introduce upgrades and return to the initial state", "Airdropping new tokens to all addresses on the blockchain" ]

2C

How does zkSync Era improve upon EVM?

[ "Integrates machine learning algorithms for optimized transaction processing", "Utilizes Rust-based smart contract development for improved security", "Introduces JavaScript-based smart contracts for increased flexibility", "Enhances on efficiency by using LLVM based compiler and account abstraction" ]

3D

What is the name of the RISC-like virtual machine optimized for ZKP?

[ "zkVM", "riscVM", "zkpVM", "VM" ]

0A

What is the concept of Bundler as introduced in ERC-4337?

[ "Bundler utilizes machine learning algorithms for dynamic fee optimization and transaction prioritization on Ethereum-based networks", "Bundler introduces novel governance mechanisms for decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs) to facilitate community-driven decision-making", "Aims to bring Account Abstraction to EVM chains. Essentially, it forwards the user operations to the Entrypoint which are then further forwarded to the smart contract accounts for execution", "Bundler aims to create a decentralized marketplace for digital goods and services on Ethereum, enabling peer-to-peer transactions with minimal fees" ]

2C

What is rundler?

[ "An ERC-4327 Bundler in Rust", "An ERC-4337 Bundler in Rust", "An ERC-4317 Bundler in Rust", "An ERC-4307 Bundler in Rust" ]

1B

Below is some Arbitrum code, what does it do?async function main() { const block = await alchemy.core.getBlock( "0x92fc42b9642023f2ee2e88094df80ce87e15d91afa812fef383e6e5cd96e2ed3" ); console.log(block); } main();

[ "Gets for oldest blocks on the subnet by name", "Gets for latest blocks on the subnet", "Subscribes for new blocks on the blockchain", "Gets the block on arbitrum corresponding to a specific hash" ]

3D

Below is some Arbitrum code, what does it do?alchemy.ws.on("block", (blockNumber) => console.log("The latest block number is", blockNumber) );

[ "Subscribes for new blocks on the blockchain", "Gets for latest blocks on the subnet", "Subscribes for oldest blocks on the blockchain", "Subscribes for newest blocks on the ethereum blockchain" ]

0A