Datasets:

santhosh

/

day_in_history

like 1

The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord's_Resistance_Army" id="mwAaE" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Lord's Resistance Army">Lord's Resistance Army</a>, a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" id="mwAaI" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Uganda">Ugandan</a> rebel group, begins a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_Christmas_massacres" id="mwAaM" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="2008 Christmas massacres">series of attacks</a> against civilians in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" id="mwAaQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a>, massacring more than 400.<sup about="#mwt224" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-42"}}' id="cite_ref-42" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_24#cite_note-42" id="mwAaU" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 42;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwAaY">[42]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-42"><cite about="#mwt221" class="citation news cs1" id="mwCZY"><a class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/news/2009/01/17/dr-congo-lra-slaughters-620-christmas-massacres" id="mwCZc" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">"DR Congo: LRA Slaughters 620 in 'Christmas Massacres'<span class="cs1-kern-right" id="mwCZg"></span>"</a>. <i id="mwCZk">Human Rights Watch</i>. 17 January 2009<span class="reference-accessdate" id="mwCZo">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap" id="mwCZs">2021-10-24</span></span>.</cite><span about="#mwt221" class="Z3988" id="mwCZw" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Human+Rights+Watch&amp;rft.atitle=DR+Congo%3A+LRA+Slaughters+620+in+%27Christmas+Massacres%27&amp;rft.date=2009-01-17&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Fnews%2F2009%2F01%2F17%2Fdr-congo-lra-slaughters-620-christmas-massacres&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+24"></span></span>

<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Puebla_helicopter_crash" id="mwAao" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="2018 Puebla helicopter crash">A helicopter crash</a> kills <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martha_Érika_Alonso" id="mwAas" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Martha Érika Alonso">Martha Érika Alonso</a>, first female <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor_of_Puebla" id="mwAaw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Governor of Puebla">Governor of Puebla</a>, Mexico, and her husband <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafael_Moreno_Valle_Rosas" id="mwAa0" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Rafael Moreno Valle Rosas">Rafael Moreno Valle Rosas</a>, former governor.<sup about="#mwt229" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{"name":"van"},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-van-43"}}' id="cite_ref-van_43-0" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_24#cite_note-van-43" id="mwAa4" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 43;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwAa8">[43]</span></a></sup>

<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatmadaw" id="mwAbM" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Tatmadaw">Burmese military forces</a> commit the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mo_So_massacre" id="mwAbQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Mo So massacre">Mo So massacre</a>, killing at least 44 civilians.<sup about="#mwt234" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-44"}}' id="cite_ref-44" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_24#cite_note-44" id="mwAbU" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 44;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwAbY">[44]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-44"><cite about="#mwt231" class="citation news cs1" id="mwCa8"><a class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2021/12/27/1068201334/myanmars-military-is-blamed-for-a-christmas-eve-massacre" id="mwCbA" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">"Myanmar's military is blamed for a Christmas Eve massacre"</a>. <i id="mwCbE">NPR.org</i>. <a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211228072254/https://www.npr.org/2021/12/27/1068201334/myanmars-military-is-blamed-for-a-christmas-eve-massacre" id="mwCbI" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-12-28<span class="reference-accessdate" id="mwCbM">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap" id="mwCbQ">2021-12-28</span></span>.</cite><span about="#mwt231" class="Z3988" id="mwCbU" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=NPR.org&amp;rft.atitle=Myanmar%27s+military+is+blamed+for+a+Christmas+Eve+massacre&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2021%2F12%2F27%2F1068201334%2Fmyanmars-military-is-blamed-for-a-christmas-eve-massacre&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+24"></span></span>

Forces of <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperor_Guangwu" id="mwEQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Emperor Guangwu">Emperor Guangwu</a> of the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Han" id="mwEg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Eastern Han">Eastern Han</a>, under the command of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wu_Han_(Han_dynasty)" id="mwEw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Wu Han (Han dynasty)">Wu Han</a>, conquer the separatist <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chengjia" id="mwFA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Chengjia">Chengjia</a> empire, reuniting China.<sup about="#mwt15" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-1"}}' id="cite_ref-1" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_25#cite_note-1" id="mwFQ" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 1;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwFg">[1]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-1"><cite about="#mwt12" class="citation book cs1" id="CITEREFTwitchettFairbankLoewe1978">Twitchett, Denis; Fairbank, John King; Loewe, Michael (1978). <a class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=A2HKxK5N2sAC&amp;pg=PA255" id="mwCCo" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow"><i id="mwCCs">The Cambridge History of China: Volume 1, The Ch'in and Han Empires, 221 BC – AD 220</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p.<span id="mwCCw" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span>255. <a class="mw-redirect" href="./ISBN_(identifier)" id="mwCC0" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a><span id="mwCC4" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span><a href="./Special:BookSources/978-0-521-24327-8" id="mwCC8" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-24327-8"><bdi id="mwCDA">978-0-521-24327-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span about="#mwt12" class="Z3988" id="mwCDE" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+China%3A+Volume+1%2C+The+Ch%27in+and+Han+Empires%2C+221+BC+%E2%80%93+AD+220&amp;rft.pages=255&amp;rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&amp;rft.date=1978&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-521-24327-8&amp;rft.aulast=Twitchett&amp;rft.aufirst=Denis&amp;rft.au=Fairbank%2C+John+King&amp;rft.au=Loewe%2C+Michael&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DA2HKxK5N2sAC%26pg%3DPA255&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+25"></span></span>

A <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple_of_the_Sun_(Rome)" id="mwGg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Temple of the Sun (Rome)">temple</a> to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sol_Invictus" id="mwGw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Sol Invictus">Sol Invictus</a> is dedicated in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Rome" id="mwHA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Ancient Rome">Rome</a> by Emperor <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurelian" id="mwHQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Aurelian">Aurelian</a>.<sup about="#mwt20" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-2"}}' id="cite_ref-2" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_25#cite_note-2" id="mwHg" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 2;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwHw">[2]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-2"><cite about="#mwt17" class="citation book cs1" id="CITEREFClauss2001">Clauss, Manfred (2001). <i id="mwCDU">Die römischen Kaiser - 55 historische Portraits von Caesar bis Iustinian</i>. C.H.Beck. p.<span id="mwCDY" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span>250. <a class="mw-redirect" href="./ISBN_(identifier)" id="mwCDc" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a><span id="mwCDg" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span><a href="./Special:BookSources/978-3-406-47288-6" id="mwCDk" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-406-47288-6"><bdi id="mwCDo">978-3-406-47288-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span about="#mwt17" class="Z3988" id="mwCDs" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Die+r%C3%B6mischen+Kaiser+-+55+historische+Portraits+von+Caesar+bis+Iustinian&amp;rft.pages=250&amp;rft.pub=C.H.Beck&amp;rft.date=2001&amp;rft.isbn=978-3-406-47288-6&amp;rft.aulast=Clauss&amp;rft.aufirst=Manfred&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+25"></span></span>

Roman Emperor <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantine_the_Great" id="mwIw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Constantine the Great">Constantine the Great</a> elevates his youngest son <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constans" id="mwJA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Constans">Constans</a> to the rank of <i id="mwJQ"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesar_(title)" id="mwJg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Caesar (title)">Caesar</a></i>.<sup about="#mwt25" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-3"}}' id="cite_ref-3" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_25#cite_note-3" id="mwJw" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 3;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwKA">[3]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-3"><cite about="#mwt22" class="citation book cs1" id="CITEREFJonesJ.R._MartindaleJ._Morris1971"><a href="./A._H._M._Jones" id="mwCD8" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="A. H. M. Jones">Jones, A.H.M.</a>; <a href="./John_Robert_Martindale" id="mwCEA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="John Robert Martindale">J.R. Martindale</a> &amp; <a href="./John_Morris_(historian)" id="mwCEE" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="John Morris (historian)">J. Morris</a> (1971). <a class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uOHw4idqAeYC" id="mwCEI" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow"><i id="mwCEM">The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire Volume 1: A.D. 260–395</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p.<span id="mwCEQ" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span>220. <a class="mw-redirect" href="./ISBN_(identifier)" id="mwCEU" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a><span id="mwCEY" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span><a href="./Special:BookSources/0-521-07233-6" id="mwCEc" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-07233-6"><bdi id="mwCEg">0-521-07233-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span about="#mwt22" class="Z3988" id="mwCEk" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Prosopography+of+the+Later+Roman+Empire+Volume+1%3A+A.D.+260%E2%80%93395&amp;rft.pages=220&amp;rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&amp;rft.date=1971&amp;rft.isbn=0-521-07233-6&amp;rft.aulast=Jones&amp;rft.aufirst=A.H.M.&amp;rft.au=J.R.+Martindale&amp;rft.au=J.+Morris&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuOHw4idqAeYC&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+25"></span></span>

First documentary sign of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christmas" id="mwLA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Christmas">Christmas</a> celebration in Rome.<sup about="#mwt30" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-4"}}' id="cite_ref-4" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_25#cite_note-4" id="mwLQ" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 4;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwLg">[4]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-4"><cite about="#mwt27" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1" id="mwCE0">"Christmas and its cycle". <i id="mwCE4">New Catholic Encyclopedia</i>. Vol.<span id="mwCE8" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span>3 (2nd<span id="mwCFA" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span>ed.). Catholic University of America Press. 2002. p.<span id="mwCFE" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span>551.</cite><span about="#mwt27" class="Z3988" id="mwCFI" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Christmas+and+its+cycle&amp;rft.btitle=New+Catholic+Encyclopedia&amp;rft.pages=551&amp;rft.edition=2nd&amp;rft.pub=Catholic+University+of+America+Press&amp;rft.date=2002&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+25"></span></span>

<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vetranio" id="mwMg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Vetranio">Vetranio</a> meets <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantius_II" id="mwMw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Constantius II">Constantius II</a> at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niš" id="mwNA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Niš">Naissus</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia" id="mwNQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>) and is forced to abdicate his imperial title. Constantius allows him to live as a private citizen on a state pension.<sup about="#mwt35" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-5"}}' id="cite_ref-5" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_25#cite_note-5" id="mwNg" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 5;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwNw">[5]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-5"><cite about="#mwt32" class="citation book cs1" id="CITEREFSyvanne2015">Syvanne, Ikka (2015). <a class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=P6SgCgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA323" id="mwCFY" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow"><i id="mwCFc">Military History of Late Rome</i></a>. Pen and Sword. p.<span id="mwCFg" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span>323. <a class="mw-redirect" href="./ISBN_(identifier)" id="mwCFk" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a><span id="mwCFo" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span><a href="./Special:BookSources/9781848848559" id="mwCFs" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Special:BookSources/9781848848559"><bdi id="mwCFw">9781848848559</bdi></a>.</cite><span about="#mwt32" class="Z3988" id="mwCF0" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Military+History+of+Late+Rome&amp;rft.pages=323&amp;rft.pub=Pen+and+Sword&amp;rft.date=2015&amp;rft.isbn=9781848848559&amp;rft.aulast=Syvanne&amp;rft.aufirst=Ikka&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DP6SgCgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA323&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+25"></span></span>

<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clovis_I" id="mwOw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Clovis I">Clovis I</a>, king of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franks" id="mwPA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Franks">Franks</a>, is <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baptism" id="mwPQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Baptism">baptized</a> into the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholicism" id="mwPg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Catholicism">Catholic</a> faith at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reims" id="mwPw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Reims">Reims</a>, by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Remigius" id="mwQA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Saint Remigius">Saint Remigius</a>.<sup about="#mwt40" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-6"}}' id="cite_ref-6" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_25#cite_note-6" id="mwQQ" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 6;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwQg">[6]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-6"><cite about="#mwt37" class="citation journal cs1" id="CITEREFDanuta1998">Danuta, Shanzer (March 1998). "Dating the baptism of Clovis: the bishop of Vienne vs the bishop of Tours". <i id="mwCGE">Early Medieval Europe</i>. <b id="mwCGI">7</b> (1): 29–57. <a class="mw-redirect" href="./Doi_(identifier)" id="mwCGM" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2F1468-0254.00017" id="mwCGQ" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">10.1111/1468-0254.00017</a>. <a class="mw-redirect" href="./S2CID_(identifier)" id="mwCGU" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a><span id="mwCGY" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span><a class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:161819012" id="mwCGc" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">161819012</a>.</cite><span about="#mwt37" class="Z3988" id="mwCGg" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Early+Medieval+Europe&amp;rft.atitle=Dating+the+baptism+of+Clovis%3A+the+bishop+of+Vienne+vs+the+bishop+of+Tours&amp;rft.volume=7&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.pages=29-57&amp;rft.date=1998-03&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2F1468-0254.00017&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A161819012%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft.aulast=Danuta&amp;rft.aufirst=Shanzer&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+25"></span></span>

<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustine_of_Canterbury" id="mwRg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Augustine of Canterbury">Augustine of Canterbury</a> and his fellow-labourers baptise in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kent" id="mwRw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Kingdom of Kent">Kent</a> more than 10,000 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-Saxons" id="mwSA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Anglo-Saxons">Anglo-Saxons</a>.

The coronation of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlemagne" id="mwTA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a> as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" id="mwTQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Holy Roman Emperor">Holy Roman Emperor</a>, in Rome.<sup about="#mwt45" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-7"}}' id="cite_ref-7" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_25#cite_note-7" id="mwTg" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 7;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwTw">[7]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-7"><cite about="#mwt42" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1" id="CITEREFThomas_Joseph_Shahan_&amp;_Ewan_Macpherson1913">Thomas Joseph Shahan &amp; Ewan Macpherson (1913). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" id="mwCGw" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Charlemagne"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Charlemagne" id="mwCG0" rel="mw:ExtLink">"Charlemagne"<span id="mwCG4" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span></a></span>. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). <i id="mwCG8"><a href="./Catholic_Encyclopedia" id="mwCHA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span about="#mwt42" class="Z3988" id="mwCHE" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Charlemagne&amp;rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&amp;rft.date=1913&amp;rft.au=Thomas+Joseph+Shahan+%26+Ewan+Macpherson&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+25"></span><link about="#mwt42" href="./Category:Articles_incorporating_a_citation_from_the_1913_Catholic_Encyclopedia_with_Wikisource_reference" id="mwCHI" rel="mw:PageProp/Category"/></span>

Eastern Emperor <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_V_the_Armenian" id="mwUw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Leo V the Armenian">Leo V</a> is murdered in a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_the_Virgin_of_the_Pharos" id="mwVA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Church of the Virgin of the Pharos">church</a><sup about="#mwt51" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-8"}}' id="cite_ref-8" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_25#cite_note-8" id="mwVQ" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 8;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwVg">[8]</span></a></sup> of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Palace_of_Constantinople" id="mwVw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Great Palace of Constantinople">Great Palace</a> of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantinople" id="mwWA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a> by followers of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_II" id="mwWQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Michael II">Michael II</a>.<sup about="#mwt55" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-9"}}' id="cite_ref-9" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_25#cite_note-9" id="mwWg" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 9;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwWw">[9]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-8"><cite about="#mwt48" class="citation book cs1" id="CITEREFLidov2012"><a class="mw-redirect" href="./Alexei_Lidov" id="mwCHY" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Alexei Lidov">Lidov, Alexei</a> (2012-10-19). <a class="external text" href="http://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/artdok/3595/1/Lidov_A_Byzantine_Jerusalem_The_Imperial_Pharos_Chapel_2012.pdf" id="mwCHc" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">"A Byzantine Jerusalem. The Imperial Pharos Chapel as the Holy Sepulchre"</a> <span class="cs1-format" id="mwCHg">(PDF)</span>. In Hoffmann, Annette &amp; Wolf, Gerhard (eds.). <a class="external text" href="https://brill.com/view/title/21422" id="mwCHk" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow"><i id="mwCHo">Jerusalem as Narrative Space / Erzählraum Jerusalem</i></a>. Visualising the Middle Ages. Vol.<span id="mwCHs" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span>6. Leiden-Boston: Brill. p.<span id="mwCHw" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span>66. <a class="mw-redirect" href="./ISBN_(identifier)" id="mwCH0" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a><span id="mwCH4" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span><a href="./Special:BookSources/978-90-04-22625-8" id="mwCH8" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-22625-8"><bdi id="mwCIA">978-90-04-22625-8</bdi></a>. <a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170115175252/http://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/artdok/3595/1/Lidov_A_Byzantine_Jerusalem_The_Imperial_Pharos_Chapel_2012.pdf" id="mwCIE" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format" id="mwCII">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2017-01-15.</cite><span about="#mwt48" class="Z3988" id="mwCIM" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=A+Byzantine+Jerusalem.+The+Imperial+Pharos+Chapel+as+the+Holy+Sepulchre&amp;rft.btitle=Jerusalem+as+Narrative+Space+%2F+Erz%C3%A4hlraum+Jerusalem&amp;rft.place=Leiden-Boston&amp;rft.series=Visualising+the+Middle+Ages&amp;rft.pages=66&amp;rft.pub=Brill&amp;rft.date=2012-10-19&amp;rft.isbn=978-90-04-22625-8&amp;rft.aulast=Lidov&amp;rft.aufirst=Alexei&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de%2Fartdok%2F3595%2F1%2FLidov_A_Byzantine_Jerusalem_The_Imperial_Pharos_Chapel_2012.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+25"></span></span>

The foundation of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary" id="mwXw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Kingdom of Hungary">Kingdom of Hungary</a>: Hungary is established as a Christian kingdom by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_I_of_Hungary" id="mwYA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Stephen I of Hungary">Stephen I of Hungary</a>.<sup about="#mwt60" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-10"}}' id="cite_ref-10" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_25#cite_note-10" id="mwYQ" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 10;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwYg">[10]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-10"><cite about="#mwt57" class="citation book cs1" id="CITEREFEngel2001"><a href="./Pál_Engel" id="mwCJM" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Pál Engel">Engel, Pál</a> (2001). <i id="mwCJQ">The Realm of St Stephen: A History of Medieval Hungary, 895–1526</i>. I.B. Tauris Publishers. p.<span id="mwCJU" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span>27. <a class="mw-redirect" href="./ISBN_(identifier)" id="mwCJY" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a><span id="mwCJc" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span><a href="./Special:BookSources/978-1-86064-061-2" id="mwCJg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86064-061-2"><bdi id="mwCJk">978-1-86064-061-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span about="#mwt57" class="Z3988" id="mwCJo" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Realm+of+St+Stephen%3A+A+History+of+Medieval+Hungary%2C+895%E2%80%931526&amp;rft.pages=27&amp;rft.pub=I.B.+Tauris+Publishers&amp;rft.date=2001&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-86064-061-2&amp;rft.aulast=Engel&amp;rft.aufirst=P%C3%A1l&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+25"></span></span>

<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweyn_Forkbeard" id="mwZg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Sweyn Forkbeard">Sweyn Forkbeard</a> takes control of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danelaw" id="mwZw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Danelaw">Danelaw</a> and is proclaimed king of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" id="mwaA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Kingdom of England">England</a>.<sup about="#mwt65" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-11"}}' id="cite_ref-11" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_25#cite_note-11" id="mwaQ" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 11;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwag">[11]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-11"><cite about="#mwt62" class="citation book cs1" id="CITEREFJames2011">James, Panton (2011). <a class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BiyyueBTpaMC&amp;pg=PA470" id="mwCJ4" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow"><i id="mwCJ8">Historical Dictionary of the British Monarchy</i></a>. Scarecrow Press. p.<span id="mwCKA" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span>470. <a class="mw-redirect" href="./ISBN_(identifier)" id="mwCKE" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a><span id="mwCKI" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span><a href="./Special:BookSources/9780810874978" id="mwCKM" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Special:BookSources/9780810874978"><bdi id="mwCKQ">9780810874978</bdi></a>.</cite><span about="#mwt62" class="Z3988" id="mwCKU" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+the+British+Monarchy&amp;rft.pages=470&amp;rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&amp;rft.date=2011&amp;rft.isbn=9780810874978&amp;rft.aulast=James&amp;rft.aufirst=Panton&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBiyyueBTpaMC%26pg%3DPA470&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+25"></span></span>

Coronation of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mieszko_II_Lambert" id="mwbg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Mieszko II Lambert">Mieszko II Lambert</a> as king of Poland.

<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" id="mwcg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry III</a> is crowned <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" id="mwcw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Holy Roman Emperor">Holy Roman Emperor</a> by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Clement_II" id="mwdA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Pope Clement II">Pope Clement II</a>.<sup about="#mwt70" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-12"}}' id="cite_ref-12" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_25#cite_note-12" id="mwdQ" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 12;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwdg">[12]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-12"><cite about="#mwt67" class="citation web cs1" id="mwCKk"><a class="external text" href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04017a.htm" id="mwCKo" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">"CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope Clement II"</a>. <i id="mwCKs">www.newadvent.org</i>. <q id="mwCKw">He was enthroned in St. Peter's on Christmas Day and took the name of Clement II. .... His first pontifical act was to place the imperial crown upon his benefactor and the queen-consort, Agnes of Aquitaine. The new emperor received from the Romans and the pope the title and diadem of a Roman Patricius...</q></cite><span about="#mwt67" class="Z3988" id="mwCK0" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.newadvent.org&amp;rft.atitle=CATHOLIC+ENCYCLOPEDIA%3A+Pope+Clement+II&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Fcathen%2F04017a.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+25"></span></span>

<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_the_Conqueror" id="mweg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="William the Conqueror">William the Conqueror</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_of_Normandy" id="mwew" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Duke of Normandy">Duke of Normandy</a> is <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronation_of_William_I" id="mwfA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Coronation of William I">crowned king of England</a>, at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westminster_Abbey" id="mwfQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Westminster Abbey">Westminster Abbey</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" id="mwfg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="London">London</a>.<sup about="#mwt75" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-13"}}' id="cite_ref-13" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_25#cite_note-13" id="mwfw" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 13;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwgA">[13]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-13"><cite about="#mwt72" class="citation web cs1" id="CITEREFSanders2016">Sanders, Kevin (22 December 2016). <a class="external text" href="http://blog.english-heritage.org.uk/how-william-the-conqueror-spent-christmas-in-1066/" id="mwCLE" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">"How William the Conqueror spent Christmas in 1066"</a>. <i id="mwCLI">English Heritage Blog</i><span class="reference-accessdate" id="mwCLM">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap" id="mwCLQ">24 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span about="#mwt72" class="Z3988" id="mwCLU" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=English+Heritage+Blog&amp;rft.atitle=How+William+the+Conqueror+spent+Christmas+in+1066&amp;rft.date=2016-12-22&amp;rft.aulast=Sanders&amp;rft.aufirst=Kevin&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.english-heritage.org.uk%2Fhow-william-the-conqueror-spent-christmas-in-1066%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+25"></span></span>

Coronation of <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolesław_II_the_Generous" id="mwhA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Bolesław II the Generous">Bolesław II the Generous</a> as king of Poland.

<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baldwin_I_of_Jerusalem" id="mwiA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Baldwin I of Jerusalem">Baldwin of Boulogne</a> is crowned the first <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Jerusalem" id="mwiQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="King of Jerusalem">King of Jerusalem</a> in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_the_Nativity" id="mwig" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Church of the Nativity">Church of the Nativity</a> in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bethlehem" id="mwiw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Bethlehem">Bethlehem</a>.<sup about="#mwt80" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-14"}}' id="cite_ref-14" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_25#cite_note-14" id="mwjA" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 14;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwjQ">[14]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-14"><cite about="#mwt77" class="citation book cs1" id="CITEREFMurray2000">Murray, Alan V. (2000). <i id="mwCLk">The Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem: A Dynastic History, 1099–1125</i>. Prosopographica et Geneologica. p.<span id="mwCLo" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span>96. <a class="mw-redirect" href="./ISBN_(identifier)" id="mwCLs" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a><span id="mwCLw" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span><a href="./Special:BookSources/978-1-9009-3403-9" id="mwCL0" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-9009-3403-9"><bdi id="mwCL4">978-1-9009-3403-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span about="#mwt77" class="Z3988" id="mwCL8" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Crusader+Kingdom+of+Jerusalem%3A+A+Dynastic+History%2C+1099%E2%80%931125&amp;rft.pages=96&amp;rft.pub=Prosopographica+et+Geneologica&amp;rft.date=2000&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-9009-3403-9&amp;rft.aulast=Murray&amp;rft.aufirst=Alan+V.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+25"></span></span>

Count <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_II_of_Sicily" id="mwkQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Roger II of Sicily">Roger II of Sicily</a> is crowned the first king of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sicily" id="mwkg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Kingdom of Sicily">Sicily</a>.<sup about="#mwt85" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-15"}}' id="cite_ref-15" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_25#cite_note-15" id="mwkw" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 15;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwlA">[15]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-15"><cite about="#mwt82" class="citation web cs1" id="mwCMM"><a class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Roger-II" id="mwCMQ" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">"Roger II | Facts &amp; Biography"</a>. <i id="mwCMU">Encyclopedia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate" id="mwCMY">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap" id="mwCMc">14 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span about="#mwt82" class="Z3988" id="mwCMg" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&amp;rft.atitle=Roger+II+%7C+Facts+%26+Biography&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FRoger-II&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+25"></span></span>

Eleven-year-old <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_IV_Laskaris" id="mwmA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="John IV Laskaris">John IV Laskaris</a> of the restored <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" id="mwmQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Byzantine Empire">Eastern Roman Empire</a> is deposed and blinded by orders of his co-ruler <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_VIII_Palaiologos" id="mwmg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Michael VIII Palaiologos">Michael VIII Palaiologos</a>.<sup about="#mwt90" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-16"}}' id="cite_ref-16" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_25#cite_note-16" id="mwmw" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 16;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwnA">[16]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-16"><cite about="#mwt87" class="citation book cs1" id="CITEREFKorobeinikov2014">Korobeinikov, Dimitri (2014). <a class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CCXRCwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA237" id="mwCMw" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow"><i id="mwCM0">Byzantium and the Turks in the Thirteenth Century</i></a>. Oxford University Press. p.<span id="mwCM4" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span>237. <a class="mw-redirect" href="./ISBN_(identifier)" id="mwCM8" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a><span id="mwCNA" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span><a href="./Special:BookSources/9780191017940" id="mwCNE" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Special:BookSources/9780191017940"><bdi id="mwCNI">9780191017940</bdi></a>.</cite><span about="#mwt87" class="Z3988" id="mwCNM" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Byzantium+and+the+Turks+in+the+Thirteenth+Century&amp;rft.pages=237&amp;rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2014&amp;rft.isbn=9780191017940&amp;rft.aulast=Korobeinikov&amp;rft.aufirst=Dimitri&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCCXRCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA237&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+25"></span></span>

The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrack" id="mwoA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Carrack">carrack</a> <i id="mwoQ"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_María_(ship)" id="mwog" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Santa María (ship)">Santa María</a></i>, commanded by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" id="mwow" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Christopher Columbus">Christopher Columbus</a>, runs onto a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reef" id="mwpA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Reef">reef</a> off <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haiti" id="mwpQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Haiti">Haiti</a> due to an improper <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watch_system" id="mwpg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Watch system">watch</a>.<sup about="#mwt95" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-17"}}' id="cite_ref-17" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_25#cite_note-17" id="mwpw" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 17;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwqA">[17]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-17"><cite about="#mwt92" class="citation book cs1" id="CITEREFColumbusHale1891"><a href="./Christopher_Columbus" id="mwCNc" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Christopher Columbus">Columbus, Christopher</a>; <a href="./Edward_Everett_Hale" id="mwCNg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Edward Everett Hale">Hale, Edward Everett</a> (1891). <a class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cihm_05312/page/133/" id="mwCNk" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow"><i id="mwCNo"><span id="mwCNs"></span></i>The life of Christopher Columbus, from his own letters and journals and other documents of his time<i id="mwCNw"><span id="mwCN0"></span></i></a>. Chicago: G.L. Howe &amp; Co. p.<span id="mwCN4" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span>133. <a class="mw-redirect" href="./ISBN_(identifier)" id="mwCN8" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a><span id="mwCOA" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span><a href="./Special:BookSources/9780665053122" id="mwCOE" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Special:BookSources/9780665053122"><bdi id="mwCOI">9780665053122</bdi></a>.</cite><span about="#mwt92" class="Z3988" id="mwCOM" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+life+of+Christopher+Columbus%2C+from+his+own+letters+and+journals+and+other+documents+of+his+time&amp;rft.place=Chicago&amp;rft.pages=133&amp;rft.pub=G.L.+Howe+%26+Co.&amp;rft.date=1891&amp;rft.isbn=9780665053122&amp;rft.aulast=Columbus&amp;rft.aufirst=Christopher&amp;rft.au=Hale%2C+Edward+Everett&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcihm_05312%2Fpage%2F133%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+25"></span></span>

<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Tucapel" id="mwrA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Battle of Tucapel">Battle of Tucapel</a>: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mapuche" id="mwrQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Mapuche">Mapuche</a> rebels under <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lautaro" id="mwrg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Lautaro">Lautaro</a> defeat the Spanish <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conquistador" id="mwrw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Conquistador">conquistadors</a> and executes the governor of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile" id="mwsA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Chile">Chile</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_de_Valdivia" id="mwsQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Pedro de Valdivia">Pedro de Valdivia</a>.

<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Pius_IV" id="mwtQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Pope Pius IV">Pope Pius IV</a> is <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1559_papal_conclave" id="mwtg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="1559 papal conclave">elected</a>, four months after his predecessor's death.<sup about="#mwt100" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-18"}}' id="cite_ref-18" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_25#cite_note-18" id="mwtw" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 18;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwuA">[18]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-18"><cite about="#mwt97" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1" id="mwCOc"><a class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Pius-IV" id="mwCOg" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">"Pius IV"</a>. <i id="mwCOk">Britannica Online</i>. 5 December 2023.</cite><span about="#mwt97" class="Z3988" id="mwCOo" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Pius+IV&amp;rft.btitle=Britannica+Online&amp;rft.date=2023-12-05&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FPius-IV&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+25"></span></span>

<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley's_Comet" id="mwvg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Halley's Comet">Halley's Comet</a> is sighted by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Georg_Palitzsch" id="mwvw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Johann Georg Palitzsch">Johann Georg Palitzsch</a>, confirming <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Halley" id="mwwA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Edmund Halley">Edmund Halley</a>'s prediction of its passage. This was the first passage of a comet predicted ahead of time.<sup about="#mwt105" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-19"}}' id="cite_ref-19" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_25#cite_note-19" id="mwwQ" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 19;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwwg">[19]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-19"><cite about="#mwt102" class="citation web cs1" id="mwCO4"><a class="external text" href="http://www.messier.seds.org/xtra/history/notes-c.html" id="mwCO8" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">"Messier's "Notes on my comets"<span class="cs1-kern-right" id="mwCPA"></span>"</a>. <q id="mwCPE">It was discovered, [...] at Aprohlis, near Dresden, by a farmer named Palitzsch, on the 25th of December 1758[...]</q></cite><span about="#mwt102" class="Z3988" id="mwCPI" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Messier%27s+%22Notes+on+my+comets%22&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.messier.seds.org%2Fxtra%2Fhistory%2Fnotes-c.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+25"></span></span>

<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mapuche" id="mwxg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Mapuche">Mapuches</a> in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonial_Chile" id="mwxw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Colonial Chile">Chile</a> launch a series of surprise attacks against the Spanish starting the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mapuche_uprising_of_1766" id="mwyA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Mapuche uprising of 1766">Mapuche uprising of 1766</a>.<sup about="#mwt110" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-20"}}' id="cite_ref-20" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_25#cite_note-20" id="mwyQ" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 20;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwyg">[20]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-20"><cite about="#mwt107" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" id="CITEREFBarros_Arana2000"><a href="./Diego_Barros_Arana" id="mwCPY" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Diego Barros Arana">Barros Arana, Diego</a> (2000) [1886]. <a class="external text" href="http://www.memoriachilena.gob.cl/602/w3-article-9008.html" id="mwCPc" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow"><i id="mwCPg">Historia General de Chile</i></a> (in Spanish). Vol.<span id="mwCPk" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span>VI (2<span id="mwCPo" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span>ed.). Santiago, Chile: <a href="./Editorial_Universitaria" id="mwCPs" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Editorial Universitaria">Editorial Universitaria</a>. p.<span id="mwCPw" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span>235.</cite><span about="#mwt107" class="Z3988" id="mwCP0" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Historia+General+de+Chile&amp;rft.place=Santiago%2C+Chile&amp;rft.pages=235&amp;rft.edition=2&amp;rft.pub=Editorial+Universitaria&amp;rft.date=2000&amp;rft.aulast=Barros+Arana&amp;rft.aufirst=Diego&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.memoriachilena.gob.cl%2F602%2Fw3-article-9008.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+25"></span><link about="#mwt107" href="./Category:CS1_Spanish-language_sources_(es)" id="mwCP4" rel="mw:PageProp/Category"/></span>

<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" id="mwzg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a>: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington" id="mwzw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="George Washington">George Washington</a> and the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_Army" id="mw0A" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Continental Army">Continental Army</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington's_crossing_of_the_Delaware_River" id="mw0Q" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="George Washington's crossing of the Delaware River">cross the Delaware River</a> at night to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Trenton" id="mw0g" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Battle of Trenton">attack</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hessian_(soldier)" id="mw0w" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Hessian (soldier)">Hessian</a> forces serving <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" id="mw1A" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Great Britain</a> at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trenton,_New_Jersey" id="mw1Q" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Trenton, New Jersey">Trenton, New Jersey</a>, the next day.<sup about="#mwt115" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-21"}}' id="cite_ref-21" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_25#cite_note-21" id="mw1g" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 21;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mw1w">[21]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-21"><cite about="#mwt112" class="citation web cs1" id="mwCQI"><a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100330060254/http://www.ushistory.org/washingtoncrossing/" id="mwCQM" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">"Washington Crossing Historic Park"</a>. Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission. Archived from <a class="external text" href="http://www.ushistory.org/washingtoncrossing/" id="mwCQQ" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">the original</a> on 2010-03-30<span class="reference-accessdate" id="mwCQU">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap" id="mwCQY">2010-01-27</span></span>.</cite><span about="#mwt112" class="Z3988" id="mwCQc" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Washington+Crossing+Historic+Park&amp;rft.pub=Pennsylvania+Historical+and+Museum+Commission&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ushistory.org%2Fwashingtoncrossing%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+25"></span></span>

General <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Wayne" id="mw2w" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Anthony Wayne">"Mad Anthony" Wayne</a> and a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legion_of_the_United_States" id="mw3A" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Legion of the United States">300 man detachment</a> identify the site of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Clair's_defeat" id="mw3Q" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="St. Clair's defeat">St. Clair's 1791 defeat</a> by the large number of unburied human remains at modern <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Recovery,_Ohio" id="mw3g" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Fort Recovery, Ohio">Fort Recovery, Ohio</a>.<sup about="#mwt120" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-22"}}' id="cite_ref-22" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_25#cite_note-22" id="mw3w" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 22;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mw4A">[22]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-22"><cite about="#mwt117" class="citation web cs1" id="mwCQs"><a class="external text" href="https://history.army.mil/LC/The%20People/Frontier.htm" id="mwCQw" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">"Corps of Discovery. United States Army"</a>. <i id="mwCQ0">U.S. Army Center of Military History</i>. 31 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate" id="mwCQ4">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap" id="mwCQ8">2 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span about="#mwt117" class="Z3988" id="mwCRA" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=U.S.+Army+Center+of+Military+History&amp;rft.atitle=Corps+of+Discovery.+United+States+Army.&amp;rft.date=2021-01-31&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.army.mil%2FLC%2FThe%2520People%2FFrontier.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+25"></span></span>

Dr. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ephraim_McDowell" id="mw5A" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Ephraim McDowell">Ephraim McDowell</a> performs the first <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovariotomy" id="mw5Q" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Ovariotomy">ovariotomy</a>, removing a 22-pound <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoplasm" id="mw5g" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Neoplasm">tumor</a>.<sup about="#mwt125" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{"name":"PMID30670290"},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-PMID30670290-23"}}' id="cite_ref-PMID30670290_23-0" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_25#cite_note-PMID30670290-23" id="mw5w" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 23;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mw6A">[23]</span></a></sup>

Rev. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Marsden" id="mw7A" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Samuel Marsden">Samuel Marsden</a> holds the first Christian service on land in New Zealand at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rangihoua_Bay" id="mw7Q" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Rangihoua Bay">Rangihoua Bay</a>.<sup about="#mwt130" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-24"}}' id="cite_ref-24" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_25#cite_note-24" id="mw7g" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 24;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mw7w">[24]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-24"><cite about="#mwt127" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1" id="mwCSU"><a class="external text" href="https://teara.govt.nz/en/missions-and-missionaries/page-2" id="mwCSY" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">"Story: Missions and missionaries"</a>. <i id="mwCSc">Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand</i><span class="reference-accessdate" id="mwCSg">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap" id="mwCSk">6 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span about="#mwt127" class="Z3988" id="mwCSo" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Story%3A+Missions+and+missionaries&amp;rft.btitle=Te+Ara%3A+The+Encyclopedia+of+New+Zealand&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fteara.govt.nz%2Fen%2Fmissions-and-missionaries%2Fpage-2&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+25"></span></span>

The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handel_and_Haydn_Society" id="mw8w" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Handel and Haydn Society">Handel and Haydn Society</a>, oldest continually performing arts organization in the United States, gives its first performance.

The <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eggnog_Riot" id="mw9w" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Eggnog Riot">Eggnog Riot</a> at the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Military_Academy" id="mw-A" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="United States Military Academy">United States Military Academy</a> concludes after beginning the previous evening.

The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baptist_War" id="mw_A" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Baptist War">Great Jamaican Slave Revolt</a> begins; up to 20% of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaica" id="mw_Q" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a>'s slaves mobilize in an ultimately unsuccessful fight for freedom.<sup about="#mwt135" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-25"}}' id="cite_ref-25" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_25#cite_note-25" id="mw_g" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 25;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mw_w">[25]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-25"><cite about="#mwt132" class="citation book cs1" id="CITEREFTurner1998">Turner, Mary (1998). <i id="mwCS4">Slaves and Missionaries</i>. Press University of the West Indies. p.<span id="mwCS8" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span>154. <a class="mw-redirect" href="./ISBN_(identifier)" id="mwCTA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a><span id="mwCTE" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span><a href="./Special:BookSources/9789766400453" id="mwCTI" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Special:BookSources/9789766400453"><bdi id="mwCTM">9789766400453</bdi></a>.</cite><span about="#mwt132" class="Z3988" id="mwCTQ" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Slaves+and+Missionaries&amp;rft.pages=154&amp;rft.pub=Press+University+of+the+West+Indies&amp;rft.date=1998&amp;rft.isbn=9789766400453&amp;rft.aulast=Turner&amp;rft.aufirst=Mary&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+25"></span></span>

<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Seminole_War" id="mwAQM" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Second Seminole War">Second Seminole War</a>: American general <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" id="mwAQQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Zachary Taylor">Zachary Taylor</a> leads 1,100 troops against the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seminole" id="mwAQU" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Seminole">Seminoles</a> at the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Lake_Okeechobee" id="mwAQY" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Battle of Lake Okeechobee">Battle of Lake Okeechobee</a>.<sup about="#mwt140" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-26"}}' id="cite_ref-26" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_25#cite_note-26" id="mwAQc" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 26;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwAQg">[26]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-26"><cite about="#mwt137" class="citation web cs1" id="CITEREFKatz">Katz, William Loren. <a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071026144304/http://www.williamlkatz.com/Essays/CurrentEvents/FloridaResistance.php" id="mwCTg" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">"Resistance To US Occupation, Florida, 1837"</a>. Archived from <a class="external text" href="http://www.williamlkatz.com/Essays/CurrentEvents/FloridaResistance.php" id="mwCTk" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">the original</a> on 26 October 2007<span class="reference-accessdate" id="mwCTo">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap" id="mwCTs">September 6,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span about="#mwt137" class="Z3988" id="mwCTw" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Resistance+To+US+Occupation%2C+Florida%2C+1837&amp;rft.aulast=Katz&amp;rft.aufirst=William+Loren&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.williamlkatz.com%2FEssays%2FCurrentEvents%2FFloridaResistance.php&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+25"></span></span>

<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pardons_for_ex-Confederates" id="mwAQw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Pardons for ex-Confederates">Pardons for ex-Confederates</a>: United States President <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Johnson" id="mwAQ0" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Andrew Johnson">Andrew Johnson</a> grants an unconditional <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pardon" id="mwAQ4" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Pardon">pardon</a> to all <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confederate_States_Army" id="mwAQ8" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Confederate States Army">Confederate</a> veterans.<sup about="#mwt145" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-27"}}' id="cite_ref-27" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_25#cite_note-27" id="mwARA" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 27;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwARE">[27]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-27"><cite about="#mwt142" class="citation book cs1" id="CITEREFRandallDonald1966">Randall, J.G.; Donald, David (1966). <i id="mwCUA">The Civil War and Reconstruction</i> (2nd<span id="mwCUE" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span>ed.). D.C. Heath and Company. pp.<span id="mwCUI" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span>560–561.</cite><span about="#mwt142" class="Z3988" id="mwCUM" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Civil+War+and+Reconstruction&amp;rft.pages=560-561&amp;rft.edition=2nd&amp;rft.pub=D.C.+Heath+and+Company&amp;rft.date=1966&amp;rft.aulast=Randall&amp;rft.aufirst=J.G.&amp;rft.au=Donald%2C+David&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+25"></span></span>

<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I" id="mwARc" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="World War I">World War I</a>: A <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christmas_truce" id="mwARg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Christmas truce">series of unofficial truces</a> occur across the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Front_(World_War_I)" id="mwARk" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Western Front (World War I)">Western Front</a> to celebrate <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christmas" id="mwARo" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Christmas">Christmas</a>.<sup about="#mwt150" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-28"}}' id="cite_ref-28" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_25#cite_note-28" id="mwARs" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 28;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwARw">[28]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-28"><cite about="#mwt147" class="citation book cs1" id="CITEREFAshworth2000">Ashworth, Tony (2000). <i id="mwCUc">Trench Warfare 1914–1918: The Live-and-Let-Live System</i>. London: Pan. <a class="mw-redirect" href="./ISBN_(identifier)" id="mwCUg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a><span id="mwCUk" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span><a href="./Special:BookSources/0330480685" id="mwCUo" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Special:BookSources/0330480685"><bdi id="mwCUs">0330480685</bdi></a>.</cite><span about="#mwt147" class="Z3988" id="mwCUw" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Trench+Warfare+1914%E2%80%931918%3A+The+Live-and-Let-Live+System&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.pub=Pan&amp;rft.date=2000&amp;rft.isbn=0330480685&amp;rft.aulast=Ashworth&amp;rft.aufirst=Tony&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+25"></span></span>

The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Protection_War" id="mwASA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="National Protection War">National Protection War</a> breaks out against the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empire_of_China_(1915–1916)" id="mwASE" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Empire of China (1915–1916)">Empire of China</a>, as military leaders <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cai_E" id="mwASI" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Cai E">Cai E</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tang_Jiyao" id="mwASM" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Tang Jiyao">Tang Jiyao</a> proclaim the independence of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yunnan" id="mwASQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a> and begin a campaign to restore the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912–1949)" id="mwASU" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">Republic</a>.<sup about="#mwt155" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-29"}}' id="cite_ref-29" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_25#cite_note-29" id="mwASY" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 29;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwASc">[29]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-29"><cite about="#mwt152" class="citation book cs1" id="CITEREFKe-wen_Wang1998">Ke-wen Wang (1998). <a class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=j5irhLHE6gUC&amp;q=tang+jiyao&amp;pg=PA230" id="mwCVA" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow"><i id="mwCVE">Modern China: an encyclopedia of history, culture, and nationalism</i></a>. Taylor &amp; Francis. p.<span id="mwCVI" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span>230. <a class="mw-redirect" href="./ISBN_(identifier)" id="mwCVM" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a><span id="mwCVQ" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span><a href="./Special:BookSources/0-8153-0720-9" id="mwCVU" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Special:BookSources/0-8153-0720-9"><bdi id="mwCVY">0-8153-0720-9</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate" id="mwCVc">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap" id="mwCVg">2010-10-31</span></span>.</cite><span about="#mwt152" class="Z3988" id="mwCVk" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Modern+China%3A+an+encyclopedia+of+history%2C+culture%2C+and+nationalism&amp;rft.pages=230&amp;rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&amp;rft.date=1998&amp;rft.isbn=0-8153-0720-9&amp;rft.au=Ke-wen+Wang&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dj5irhLHE6gUC%26q%3Dtang%2Bjiyao%26pg%3DPA230&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+25"></span></span>

<a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr._Bhimrao_Ramji_Ambedkar" id="mwASs" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar">B. R. Ambedkar</a> and his followers burn copies of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manusmriti" id="mwASw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Manusmriti">Manusmriti</a> in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahad" id="mwAS0" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Mahad">Mahad</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtra" id="mwAS4" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a>, to protest its treatment of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalit" id="mwAS8" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Dalit">Dalit</a> people.<sup about="#mwt160" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-30"}}' id="cite_ref-30" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_25#cite_note-30" id="mwATA" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 30;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwATE">[30]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-30"><cite about="#mwt157" class="citation web cs1" id="CITEREFSofia_Babu2020">Sofia Babu (2020). <a class="external text" href="https://english.madhyamam.com/india/25th-december-1927-manusmriti-dahan-divas-a-historical-day-to-remember-624232" id="mwCV0" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">"25th December 1927, Manusmriti Dahan Divas: A historical day to remember"</a><span class="reference-accessdate" id="mwCV4">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap" id="mwCV8">14 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span about="#mwt157" class="Z3988" id="mwCWA" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=25th+December+1927%2C+Manusmriti+Dahan+Divas%3A+A+historical+day+to+remember&amp;rft.date=2020&amp;rft.au=Sofia+Babu&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenglish.madhyamam.com%2Findia%2F25th-december-1927-manusmriti-dahan-divas-a-historical-day-to-remember-624232&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+25"></span></span>

A <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1932_Changma_earthquake" id="mwATU" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="1932 Changma earthquake">magnitude 7.6 earthquake in Gansu, China</a> kills 275 people.<sup about="#mwt165" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-31"}}' id="cite_ref-31" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_25#cite_note-31" id="mwATY" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 31;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwATc">[31]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-31"><cite about="#mwt162" class="citation web cs1" id="CITEREFNational_Geophysical_Data_Center_/_World_Data_Service_(NGDC/WDS):_NCEI/WDS_Global_Significant_Earthquake_Database._NOAA_National_Centers_for_Environmental_Information1972">National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (1972). <a class="external text" href="https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/earthquake/event-more-info/3507" id="mwCWQ" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">"Significant Earthquake Information"</a>. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. <a class="mw-redirect" href="./Doi_(identifier)" id="mwCWU" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7289%2FV5TD9V7K" id="mwCWY" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">10.7289/V5TD9V7K</a>.</cite><span about="#mwt162" class="Z3988" id="mwCWc" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Significant+Earthquake+Information&amp;rft.pub=NOAA+National+Centers+for+Environmental+Information&amp;rft.date=1972&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.7289%2FV5TD9V7K&amp;rft.au=National+Geophysical+Data+Center+%2F+World+Data+Service+%28NGDC%2FWDS%29%3A+NCEI%2FWDS+Global+Significant+Earthquake+Database.+NOAA+National+Centers+for+Environmental+Information&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ngdc.noaa.gov%2Fhazel%2Fview%2Fhazards%2Fearthquake%2Fevent-more-info%2F3507&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+25"></span></span>

Admiral <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chester_W._Nimitz" id="mwATs" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Chester W. Nimitz">Chester W. Nimitz</a>, appointed commander of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Pacific_Fleet" id="mwATw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="United States Pacific Fleet">U.S. Pacific Fleet</a> on December 17,<sup about="#mwt171" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-32"}}' id="cite_ref-32" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_25#cite_note-32" id="mwAT0" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 32;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwAT4">[32]</span></a></sup> arrives at Pearl Harbor.<sup about="#mwt175" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-33"}}' id="cite_ref-33" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_25#cite_note-33" id="mwAT8" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 33;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwAUA">[33]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-32"><cite about="#mwt168" class="citation book cs1" id="CITEREFHoyt2012">Hoyt, Edwin P. (2012). <a class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Z1JBBAAAQBAJ" id="mwCWs" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow"><i id="mwCWw">How They Won the War in the Pacific: Nimitz and His Admirals</i></a>. Guilford, Conn.: Lyons Press. p.<span id="mwCW0" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span>25. <a class="mw-redirect" href="./ISBN_(identifier)" id="mwCW4" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a><span id="mwCW8" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span><a href="./Special:BookSources/9780762772858" id="mwCXA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Special:BookSources/9780762772858"><bdi id="mwCXE">9780762772858</bdi></a>.</cite><span about="#mwt168" class="Z3988" id="mwCXI" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=How+They+Won+the+War+in+the+Pacific%3A+Nimitz+and+His+Admirals&amp;rft.place=Guilford%2C+Conn.&amp;rft.pages=25&amp;rft.pub=Lyons+Press&amp;rft.date=2012&amp;rft.isbn=9780762772858&amp;rft.aulast=Hoyt&amp;rft.aufirst=Edwin+P.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZ1JBBAAAQBAJ&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+25"></span></span>

<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II" id="mwAUM" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="World War II">World War II</a>: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Hong_Kong" id="mwAUQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Battle of Hong Kong">Battle of Hong Kong</a> ends, beginning the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Hong_Kong" id="mwAUU" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Japanese occupation of Hong Kong">Japanese occupation of Hong Kong</a>.<sup about="#mwt180" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-34"}}' id="cite_ref-34" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_25#cite_note-34" id="mwAUY" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 34;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwAUc">[34]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-34"><cite about="#mwt177" class="citation news cs1" id="mwCYE"><a class="external text" href="http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/cndy/2008-12/08/content_7279606.htm" id="mwCYI" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">"Hong Kong's "Black Christmas"<span class="cs1-kern-right" id="mwCYM"></span>"</a>. <i id="mwCYQ">China Daily</i>. 8 December 2008<span class="reference-accessdate" id="mwCYU">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap" id="mwCYY">7 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span about="#mwt177" class="Z3988" id="mwCYc" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=China+Daily&amp;rft.atitle=Hong+Kong%27s+%22Black+Christmas%22&amp;rft.date=2008-12-08&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinadaily.com.cn%2Fcndy%2F2008-12%2F08%2Fcontent_7279606.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+25"></span></span>

Admiral <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Émile_Muselier" id="mwAUo" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Émile Muselier">Émile Muselier</a> seizes the archipelago of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon" id="mwAUs" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Saint Pierre and Miquelon">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</a>, which become the first part of France to be liberated by the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_French_Forces" id="mwAUw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Free French Forces">Free French Forces</a>.<link about="#mwt181" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"Citation needed","href":"./Template:Citation_needed"},"params":{"date":{"wt":"September 2021"},"reason":{"wt":"Articles in french and English suggest this occurred on the 24th"}},"i":0}}]}' href="./Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" id="mwAU0" rel="mw:PageProp/Category" typeof="mw:Transclusion"/><link about="#mwt181" href="./Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_September_2021" rel="mw:PageProp/Category"/><sup about="#mwt181" class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" id="mwAU4" style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:Entity">[</span><i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Articles in french and English suggest this occurred on the 24th (September 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i><span typeof="mw:Entity">]</span></sup>

The first European self-sustaining <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_chain_reaction" id="mwAVI" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Nuclear chain reaction">nuclear chain reaction</a> is initiated within the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union" id="mwAVM" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>'s <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-1_(nuclear_reactor)" id="mwAVQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="F-1 (nuclear reactor)">F-1 nuclear reactor</a>.<sup about="#mwt186" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-35"}}' id="cite_ref-35" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_25#cite_note-35" id="mwAVU" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 35;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwAVY">[35]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-35"><cite about="#mwt183" class="citation web cs1" id="mwCYs"><a class="external text" href="http://nuclearweaponarchive.org/Russia/Russreac.html" id="mwCYw" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">"The World's Oldest Operating Reactor: The Russian F-1"</a>. <i id="mwCY0">The Nuclear Weapon Archive</i><span class="reference-accessdate" id="mwCY4">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap" id="mwCY8">7 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span about="#mwt183" class="Z3988" id="mwCZA" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Nuclear+Weapon+Archive&amp;rft.atitle=The+World%27s+Oldest+Operating+Reactor%3A+The+Russian+F-1&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnuclearweaponarchive.org%2FRussia%2FRussreac.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+25"></span></span>

The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone_of_Scone" id="mwAVo" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Stone of Scone">Stone of Scone</a>, traditional coronation stone of <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Monarch" id="mwAVs" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="British Monarch">British monarchs</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Removal_of_the_Stone_of_Scone_in_1950" id="mwAVw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Removal of the Stone of Scone in 1950">is taken from Westminster Abbey</a> by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_nationalism" id="mwAV0" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Scottish nationalism">Scottish nationalist</a> students. It later turns up in Scotland on <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_11" id="mwAV4" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="April 11">April 11</a>, 1951.<sup about="#mwt191" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-36"}}' id="cite_ref-36" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_25#cite_note-36" id="mwAV8" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 36;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwAWA">[36]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-36"><cite about="#mwt188" class="citation news cs1" id="mwCZQ"><a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131227073141/http://www.scotsman.com/news/defining-our-destiny-1-519098" id="mwCZU" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">"Defining our destiny"</a>. <i id="mwCZY">The Scotsman</i>. 29 March 2004. Archived from <a class="external text" href="http://www.scotsman.com/news/defining-our-destiny-1-519098" id="mwCZc" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">the original</a> on 27 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate" id="mwCZg">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap" id="mwCZk">7 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span about="#mwt188" class="Z3988" id="mwCZo" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Scotsman&amp;rft.atitle=Defining+our+destiny&amp;rft.date=2004-03-29&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scotsman.com%2Fnews%2Fdefining-our-destiny-1-519098&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+25"></span></span>

A bomb <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murder_of_Harry_and_Harriette_Moore" id="mwAWQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Murder of Harry and Harriette Moore">explodes</a> at the home of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_T._Moore" id="mwAWU" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Harry T. Moore">Harry T. Moore</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harriette_Moore" id="mwAWY" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Harriette Moore">Harriette V. S. Moore</a>, early leaders of the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_Rights_Movement" id="mwAWc" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Civil Rights Movement">Civil Rights Movement</a>, killing Harry instantly and fatally wounding Harriette.<sup about="#mwt196" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-37"}}' id="cite_ref-37" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_25#cite_note-37" id="mwAWg" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 37;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwAWk">[37]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-37"><cite about="#mwt193" class="citation web cs1" id="CITEREFCrist2006">Crist, Charlie (2006-08-16). <a class="external text" href="https://www.nbbd.com/godo/moore/investigation/0608MooreExecSum.pdf" id="mwCZ4" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">"The Christmas 1951 Murders of Harry T. and Harriette V. Moore; Results of the Attorney General's Investigation: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY"</a> <span class="cs1-format" id="mwCZ8">(PDF)</span>. <a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061113223626/http://www.nbbd.com/godo/moore/investigation/0608MooreExecSum.pdf" id="mwCaA" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format" id="mwCaE">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2006-11-13<span class="reference-accessdate" id="mwCaI">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap" id="mwCaM">2018-02-27</span></span>.</cite><span about="#mwt193" class="Z3988" id="mwCaQ" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=The+Christmas+1951+Murders+of+Harry+T.+and+Harriette+V.+Moore%3B+Results+of+the+Attorney+General%27s+Investigation%3A+EXECUTIVE+SUMMARY&amp;rft.date=2006-08-16&amp;rft.aulast=Crist&amp;rft.aufirst=Charlie&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbbd.com%2Fgodo%2Fmoore%2Finvestigation%2F0608MooreExecSum.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+25"></span></span>

The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union" id="mwAW0" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> conducts its final above-ground <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1962_Soviet_nuclear_tests" id="mwAW4" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="1962 Soviet nuclear tests">nuclear weapon test</a>, in anticipation of the 1963 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partial_Nuclear_Test_Ban_Treaty" id="mwAW8" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty">Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty</a>.

Turkish Cypriot <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayrak" id="mwAXM" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Bayrak">Bayrak</a> Radio begins transmitting in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyprus" id="mwAXQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a> after <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_Cypriots" id="mwAXU" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Turkish Cypriots">Turkish Cypriots</a> are forcibly excluded from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyprus_Broadcasting_Corporation" id="mwAXY" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Cyprus Broadcasting Corporation">Cyprus Broadcasting Corporation</a>.

<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_program" id="mwAXo" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Apollo program">Apollo program</a>: <i id="mwAXs"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_8" id="mwAXw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Apollo 8">Apollo 8</a></i> performs the first successful <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trans-Earth_injection" id="mwAX0" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Trans-Earth injection">Trans-Earth injection</a> (TEI) maneuver, sending the crew and spacecraft on a trajectory back to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth" id="mwAX4" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Earth">Earth</a> from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunar_orbit" id="mwAX8" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Lunar orbit">Lunar orbit</a>.<sup about="#mwt201" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-38"}}' id="cite_ref-38" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_25#cite_note-38" id="mwAYA" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 38;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwAYE">[38]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-38"><cite about="#mwt198" class="citation book cs1" id="CITEREFOrloff2000">Orloff, Richard W. (2000). <a class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=U1QgAAAAIAAJ" id="mwCag" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow"><i id="mwCak">Apollo by the Numbers</i></a>. <a href="./NASA" id="mwCao" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="NASA">National Aeronautics and Space Administration</a>. p.<span id="mwCas" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span>39. <a class="mw-redirect" href="./ISBN_(identifier)" id="mwCaw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a><span id="mwCa0" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span><a href="./Special:BookSources/9780160506314" id="mwCa4" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Special:BookSources/9780160506314"><bdi id="mwCa8">9780160506314</bdi></a>.</cite><span about="#mwt198" class="Z3988" id="mwCbA" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Apollo+by+the+Numbers&amp;rft.pages=39&amp;rft.pub=National+Aeronautics+and+Space+Administration&amp;rft.date=2000&amp;rft.isbn=9780160506314&amp;rft.aulast=Orloff&amp;rft.aufirst=Richard+W.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DU1QgAAAAIAAJ&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+25"></span></span>

<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilvenmani_massacre" id="mwAYQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Kilvenmani massacre">Kilvenmani massacre</a>: Forty-four <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalit" id="mwAYU" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Dalit">Dalits</a> (untouchables) are burnt to death in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kizhavenmani" id="mwAYY" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Kizhavenmani">Kizhavenmani</a> village, Tamil Nadu, a retaliation for a campaign for higher wages by Dalit laborers.<sup about="#mwt206" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-39"}}' id="cite_ref-39" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_25#cite_note-39" id="mwAYc" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 39;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwAYg">[39]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-39"><cite about="#mwt203" class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFManikandan2017">Manikandan, M (24 December 2017). <a class="external text" href="https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2017/dec/24/fire-of-1968-still-burning-inside-1735689.html" id="mwCbQ" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">"Fire of 1968 still burning inside"</a>. <i id="mwCbU">The New Indian Express</i><span class="reference-accessdate" id="mwCbY">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap" id="mwCbc">7 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span about="#mwt203" class="Z3988" id="mwCbg" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+Indian+Express&amp;rft.atitle=Fire+of+1968+still+burning+inside&amp;rft.date=2017-12-24&amp;rft.aulast=Manikandan&amp;rft.aufirst=M&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newindianexpress.com%2Fstates%2Ftamil-nadu%2F2017%2Fdec%2F24%2Ffire-of-1968-still-burning-inside-1735689.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+25"></span></span>

<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EgyptAir_Flight_864" id="mwAYw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="EgyptAir Flight 864">EgyptAir Flight 664</a>, a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_707" id="mwAY0" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Boeing 707">Boeing 707-366C</a>, crashes on approach to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Mueang_International_Airport" id="mwAY4" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Don Mueang International Airport">Don Mueang International Airport</a>, killing 71 people.<sup about="#mwt211" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-40"}}' id="cite_ref-40" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_25#cite_note-40" id="mwAY8" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 40;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwAZA">[40]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-40"><cite about="#mwt208" class="citation web cs1" id="CITEREFRanter">Ranter, Harro. <a class="external text" href="https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19761225-0" id="mwCbw" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">"ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 707-366C SU-AXA Bangkok-Don Muang International Airport (BKK)"</a>. <i id="mwCb0">aviation-safety.net</i>. <a class="mw-redirect" href="./Aviation_Safety_Network" id="mwCb4" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Aviation Safety Network">Aviation Safety Network</a><span class="reference-accessdate" id="mwCb8">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap" id="mwCcA">2019-12-23</span></span>.</cite><span about="#mwt208" class="Z3988" id="mwCcE" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=aviation-safety.net&amp;rft.atitle=ASN+Aircraft+accident+Boeing+707-366C+SU-AXA+Bangkok-Don+Muang+International+Airport+%28BKK%29&amp;rft.aulast=Ranter&amp;rft.aufirst=Harro&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faviation-safety.net%2Fdatabase%2Frecord.php%3Fid%3D19761225-0&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+25"></span></span>

Israeli Prime Minister <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menachem_Begin" id="mwAZQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Menachem Begin">Menachem Begin</a> meets in Egypt with its president <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anwar_Sadat" id="mwAZU" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Anwar Sadat">Anwar Sadat</a>.

<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraqi_Airways_Flight_163" id="mwAZk" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Iraqi Airways Flight 163">Iraqi Airways Flight 163</a>, a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_737" id="mwAZo" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Boeing 737">Boeing 737-270C</a>, is hijacked and crashes in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arar,_Saudi_Arabia" id="mwAZs" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Arar, Saudi Arabia">Arar, Saudi Arabia</a>, killing 63 people.<sup about="#mwt216" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-41"}}' id="cite_ref-41" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_25#cite_note-41" id="mwAZw" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 41;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwAZ0">[41]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-41"><cite about="#mwt213" class="citation web cs1" id="mwCcU">Ranter, Harro. <a class="external text" href="https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19861225-1" id="mwCcY" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">"ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 737-270C YI-AGJ Arar"</a>. <i id="mwCcc">aviation-safety.net</i>. Aviation Safety Network<span class="reference-accessdate" id="mwCcg">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap" id="mwCck">2020-10-25</span></span>.</cite><span about="#mwt213" class="Z3988" id="mwCco" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=aviation-safety.net&amp;rft.atitle=ASN+Aircraft+accident+Boeing+737-270C+YI-AGJ+Arar&amp;rft.aulast=Ranter&amp;rft.aufirst=Harro&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faviation-safety.net%2Fdatabase%2Frecord.php%3Fid%3D19861225-1&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+25"></span></span>

<a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanian_Revolution" id="mwAaE" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Romanian Revolution">Romanian Revolution</a>: Deposed <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Romania" id="mwAaI" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="President of Romania">President of Romania</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolae_Ceaușescu" id="mwAaM" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Nicolae Ceaușescu">Nicolae Ceaușescu</a> and his wife, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elena_Ceaușescu" id="mwAaQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Elena Ceaușescu">Elena</a>, are condemned to death and executed after a <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trial_of_Nicolae_and_Elena_Ceaușescu" id="mwAaU" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Trial of Nicolae and Elena Ceaușescu">summary trial</a>.<sup about="#mwt221" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-42"}}' id="cite_ref-42" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_25#cite_note-42" id="mwAaY" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 42;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwAac">[42]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-42"><cite about="#mwt218" class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFBoyes2009">Boyes, Roger (24 December 2009). <span class="id-lock-subscription" id="mwCc4" title="Paid subscription required"><a class="external text" href="http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/europe/article6967099.ece" id="mwCc8" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">"Ceausescu looked in my eyes and he knew that he was going to die"</a></span>. <i id="mwCdA">The Times</i>. London<span class="reference-accessdate" id="mwCdE">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap" id="mwCdI">7 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span about="#mwt218" class="Z3988" id="mwCdM" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Ceausescu+looked+in+my+eyes+and+he+knew+that+he+was+going+to+die&amp;rft.date=2009-12-24&amp;rft.aulast=Boyes&amp;rft.aufirst=Roger&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesonline.co.uk%2Ftol%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Farticle6967099.ece&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+25"></span></span>

<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" id="mwAas" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a> resigns as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_Soviet_Union" id="mwAaw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="President of the Soviet Union">President of the Soviet Union</a> (the union itself is <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" id="mwAa0" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">dissolved</a> the next day). Ukraine's <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991_Ukrainian_independence_referendum" id="mwAa4" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="1991 Ukrainian independence referendum">referendum</a> is finalized and Ukraine officially leaves the Soviet Union.<sup about="#mwt226" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-43"}}' id="cite_ref-43" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_25#cite_note-43" id="mwAa8" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 43;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwAbA">[43]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-43"><cite about="#mwt223" class="citation book cs1" id="CITEREFTaubman2017">Taubman, William (2017). <a class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iNDADQAAQBAJ" id="mwCdc" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow"><i id="mwCdg">Gorbachev: His Life and Times</i></a>. New York City: Simon and Schuster. p.<span id="mwCdk" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span>638. <a class="mw-redirect" href="./ISBN_(identifier)" id="mwCdo" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a><span id="mwCds" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span><a href="./Special:BookSources/978-1471147968" id="mwCdw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Special:BookSources/978-1471147968"><bdi id="mwCd0">978-1471147968</bdi></a>.</cite><span about="#mwt223" class="Z3988" id="mwCd4" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Gorbachev%3A+His+Life+and+Times&amp;rft.place=New+York+City&amp;rft.pages=638&amp;rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&amp;rft.date=2017&amp;rft.isbn=978-1471147968&amp;rft.aulast=Taubman&amp;rft.aufirst=William&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiNDADQAAQBAJ&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+25"></span></span>

<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cubana_de_Aviación_Flight_310" id="mwAbQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Cubana de Aviación Flight 310">Cubana de Aviación Flight 310</a>, a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yakovlev_Yak-42" id="mwAbU" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Yakovlev Yak-42">Yakovlev Yak-42</a>, crashes near <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bejuma" id="mwAbY" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Bejuma">Bejuma</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carabobo_State" id="mwAbc" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Carabobo State">Carabobo State</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezuela" id="mwAbg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a>, killing 22 people.<sup about="#mwt231" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-44"}}' id="cite_ref-44" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_25#cite_note-44" id="mwAbk" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 44;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwAbo">[44]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-44"><cite about="#mwt228" class="citation web cs1" id="mwCeI">Ranter, Harro. <a class="external text" href="https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19991225-1" id="mwCeM" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">"ASN Aircraft accident Yakovlev Yak-42D CU-T1285 Bejuma"</a>. <i id="mwCeQ">aviation-safety.net</i>. Aviation Safety Network<span class="reference-accessdate" id="mwCeU">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap" id="mwCeY">2020-12-24</span></span>.</cite><span about="#mwt228" class="Z3988" id="mwCec" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=aviation-safety.net&amp;rft.atitle=ASN+Aircraft+accident+Yakovlev+Yak-42D+CU-T1285+Bejuma&amp;rft.aulast=Ranter&amp;rft.aufirst=Harro&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faviation-safety.net%2Fdatabase%2Frecord.php%3Fid%3D19991225-1&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+25"></span></span>

<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTA_Flight_141" id="mwAb4" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="UTA Flight 141">UTA Flight 141</a>, a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_727" id="mwAb8" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Boeing 727">Boeing 727-223</a>, crashes at the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cotonou_Airport" id="mwAcA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Cotonou Airport">Cotonou Airport</a> in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benin" id="mwAcE" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Benin">Benin</a>, killing 141 people.<sup about="#mwt236" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{"name":"Frenchrep"},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-Frenchrep-45"}}' id="cite_ref-Frenchrep_45-0" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_25#cite_note-Frenchrep-45" id="mwAcI" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 45;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwAcM">[45]</span></a></sup>

The ill-fated <i id="mwAcY"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beagle_2" id="mwAcc" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Beagle 2">Beagle 2</a></i> probe, released from the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_Express" id="mwAcg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Mars Express">Mars Express</a> spacecraft on <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/December_19" id="mwAck" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="December 19">December 19</a>, stops transmitting shortly before its scheduled landing.<sup about="#mwt241" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{"name":"theguardian.com"},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-theguardian.com-46"}}' id="cite_ref-theguardian.com_46-0" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_25#cite_note-theguardian.com-46" id="mwAco" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 46;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwAcs">[46]</span></a></sup>

The <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassini_Orbiter" id="mwAc8" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Cassini Orbiter"><i id="mwAdA">Cassini</i> orbiter</a> releases <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huygens_(spacecraft)" id="mwAdE" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Huygens (spacecraft)"><i id="mwAdI">Huygens</i> probe</a> which successfully landed on <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn" id="mwAdM" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Saturn">Saturn</a>'s moon <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titan_(moon)" id="mwAdQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Titan (moon)">Titan</a> on January 14, 2005.

An <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonov_An-72" id="mwAdg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Antonov An-72">Antonov An-72</a> plane <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Kazakhstan_Antonov_An-72_crash" id="mwAdk" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="2012 Kazakhstan Antonov An-72 crash">crashes</a> close to the city of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shymkent" id="mwAdo" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Shymkent">Shymkent</a>, killing 27 people.<sup about="#mwt247" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-47"}}' id="cite_ref-47" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_25#cite_note-47" id="mwAds" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 47;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwAdw">[47]</span></a></sup><sup about="#mwt251" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-48"}}' id="cite_ref-48" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_25#cite_note-48" id="mwAd0" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 48;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwAd4">[48]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-47"><cite about="#mwt244" class="citation web cs1" id="mwCgA"><a class="external text" href="http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20121225-1" id="mwCgE" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">"Accident description"</a>. Aviation Safety Network<span class="reference-accessdate" id="mwCgI">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap" id="mwCgM">7 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span about="#mwt244" class="Z3988" id="mwCgQ" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Accident+description&amp;rft.pub=Aviation+Safety+Network&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faviation-safety.net%2Fdatabase%2Frecord.php%3Fid%3D20121225-1&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+25"></span></span>

<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Bagan_Flight_011" id="mwAeE" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Air Bagan Flight 011">Air Bagan Flight 011</a>, a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fokker_100" id="mwAeI" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Fokker 100">Fokker 100</a>, crashes on approach to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heho_Airport" id="mwAeM" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Heho Airport">Heho Airport</a> in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heho" id="mwAeQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Heho">Heho</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myanmar" id="mwAeU" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a>, killing two people.<sup about="#mwt256" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-49"}}' id="cite_ref-49" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_25#cite_note-49" id="mwAeY" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 49;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwAec">[49]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-49"><cite about="#mwt253" class="citation web cs1" id="mwChA">Ranter, Harro. <a class="external text" href="https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20121225-0" id="mwChE" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">"ASN Aircraft accident Fokker 100 XY-AGC Heho Airport (HEH)"</a>. <i id="mwChI">aviation-safety.net</i>. Aviation Safety Network. <a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121227225233/http://aviation-safety.net:80/database/record.php?id=20121225-0" id="mwChM" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">Archived</a> from the original on 2012-12-27<span class="reference-accessdate" id="mwChQ">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap" id="mwChU">2021-12-22</span></span>.</cite><span about="#mwt253" class="Z3988" id="mwChY" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=aviation-safety.net&amp;rft.atitle=ASN+Aircraft+accident+Fokker+100+XY-AGC+Heho+Airport+%28HEH%29&amp;rft.aulast=Ranter&amp;rft.aufirst=Harro&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faviation-safety.net%2Fdatabase%2Frecord.php%3Fid%3D20121225-0&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+25"></span></span>

A <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(Russia)" id="mwAes" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Ministry of Defence (Russia)">Russian Defence Ministry</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-154" id="mwAew" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Tupolev Tu-154">Tupolev Tu-154</a> carrying members of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandrov_Ensemble" id="mwAe0" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Alexandrov Ensemble">Alexandrov Ensemble</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Russian_Defence_Ministry_Tupolev_Tu-154_crash" id="mwAe4" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="2016 Russian Defence Ministry Tupolev Tu-154 crash">crashes</a> into the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Sea" id="mwAe8" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a> shortly after takeoff, killing all 92 people on board.<sup about="#mwt261" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-50"}}' id="cite_ref-50" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_25#cite_note-50" id="mwAfA" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 50;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwAfE">[50]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-50"><cite about="#mwt258" class="citation web cs1" id="mwCho"><a class="external text" href="https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20161225-0" id="mwChs" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">"Accident description"</a>. Aviation Safety Network<span class="reference-accessdate" id="mwChw">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap" id="mwCh0">7 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span about="#mwt258" class="Z3988" id="mwCh4" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Accident+description&amp;rft.pub=Aviation+Safety+Network&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faviation-safety.net%2Fdatabase%2Frecord.php%3Fid%3D20161225-0&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+25"></span></span>

Twenty people are killed and thousands are left homeless by <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typhoon_Phanfone_(2019)" id="mwAfU" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Typhoon Phanfone (2019)">Typhoon Phanfone</a> in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines" id="mwAfY" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>.<sup about="#mwt266" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-51"}}' id="cite_ref-51" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_25#cite_note-51" id="mwAfc" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 51;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwAfg">[51]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-51"><cite about="#mwt263" class="citation web cs1" id="CITEREFJim_Gomez2019">Jim Gomez (Dec 26, 2019). <a class="external text" href="https://www.huffpost.com/entry/christmas-typhoon-leaves-20-dead-in-philippines_n_5e04af58e4b0843d3603b4bf" id="mwCiI" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">"Christmas Typhoon Leaves 20 Dead In Philippines"</a>. <i id="mwCiM">HuffPost</i>.</cite><span about="#mwt263" class="Z3988" id="mwCiQ" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=HuffPost&amp;rft.atitle=Christmas+Typhoon+Leaves+20+Dead+In+Philippines&amp;rft.date=2019-12-26&amp;rft.au=Jim+Gomez&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffpost.com%2Fentry%2Fchristmas-typhoon-leaves-20-dead-in-philippines_n_5e04af58e4b0843d3603b4bf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+25"></span></span>

An <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Nashville_bombing" id="mwAfw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="2020 Nashville bombing">explosion in Nashville, Tennessee</a>, occurs, leaving three civilians in the hospital.<sup about="#mwt271" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-52"}}' id="cite_ref-52" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_25#cite_note-52" id="mwAf0" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 52;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwAf4">[52]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-52"><cite about="#mwt268" class="citation web cs1" id="mwCig"><a class="external text" href="https://www.wsmv.com/news/police-believe-rv-explosion-on-second-avenue-north-an-intentional-act/article_c2c94818-46b2-11eb-acf2-23716d723233.html?block_id=998328" id="mwCik" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">"Police believe RV explosion on Second Avenue North 'an intentional act'<span class="cs1-kern-right" id="mwCio"></span>"</a><span class="reference-accessdate" id="mwCis">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap" id="mwCiw">December 25,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span about="#mwt268" class="Z3988" id="mwCi0" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Police+believe+RV+explosion+on+Second+Avenue+North+%27an+intentional+act%27&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsmv.com%2Fnews%2Fpolice-believe-rv-explosion-on-second-avenue-north-an-intentional-act%2Farticle_c2c94818-46b2-11eb-acf2-23716d723233.html%3Fblock_id%3D998328&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+25"></span></span>

The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Webb_Space_Telescope" id="mwAgI" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="James Webb Space Telescope">James Webb Space Telescope</a> is <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariane_flight_VA256" id="mwAgM" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Ariane flight VA256">launched</a>.<sup about="#mwt276" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-53"}}' id="cite_ref-53" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_25#cite_note-53" id="mwAgQ" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 53;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwAgU">[53]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-53"><cite about="#mwt273" class="citation web cs1" id="mwCjE"><a class="external text" href="https://www.arianespace.com/mission/ariane-flight-va256/" id="mwCjI" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">"Ariane Flight VA256 - Arianespace"</a>. <i id="mwCjM"><a href="./Arianespace" id="mwCjQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Arianespace">Arianespace</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate" id="mwCjU">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap" id="mwCjY">26 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span about="#mwt273" class="Z3988" id="mwCjc" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Arianespace&amp;rft.atitle=Ariane+Flight+VA256+-+Arianespace&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.arianespace.com%2Fmission%2Fariane-flight-va256%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+25"></span></span>

<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berengar_I_of_Italy" id="mwEA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Berengar I of Italy">Berengar I</a> is elected as king of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_(Holy_Roman_Empire)" id="mwEQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)">Italy</a> by the lords of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lombardy" id="mwEg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Lombardy">Lombardy</a>. He is crowned with the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_Crown_of_Lombardy" id="mwEw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Iron Crown of Lombardy">Iron Crown of Lombardy</a> at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pavia" id="mwFA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Pavia">Pavia</a>.<sup about="#mwt11" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-1"}}' id="cite_ref-1" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_26#cite_note-1" id="mwFQ" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 1;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwFg">[1]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-1"><a class="mw-redirect" href="./Reuter,_Timothy" id="mwBrI" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Reuter, Timothy">Reuter, Timothy</a> (trans.) <i id="mwBrM"><a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100226063634/http://www.medievalsources.co.uk/fulda.htm" id="mwBrQ" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">The Annals of Fulda</a></i>. (Manchester Medieval series, Ninth-Century Histories, Volume II.) Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1992. p. 121</span>

<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Westbroek" id="mwGg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Battle of Westbroek">Battle of Westbroek</a>: An army of 4,000 to 5,000 soldiers raised by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_of_Burgundy" id="mwGw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="David of Burgundy">David of Burgundy</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_bishops_and_archbishops_of_Utrecht" id="mwHA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="List of bishops and archbishops of Utrecht">Bishop of Utrecht</a>, attacks an armed mob of people from nearby <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utrecht" id="mwHQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Utrecht">Utrecht</a> who were trying to avenge the massacre of the inhabitants of Westbroek.<sup about="#mwt16" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{"name":"burhmann"},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-burhmann-2"}}' id="cite_ref-burhmann_2-0" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_26#cite_note-burhmann-2" id="mwHg" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 2;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwHw">[2]</span></a></sup>

<a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Anandpur" id="mwJQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Second Battle of Anandpur">Second Battle of Anandpur</a>: In the Second Battle of Anandpur, Aurangzeb's two generals, Wazir Khan and Zaberdast Khan executed two children of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guru_Gobind_Singh" id="mwJg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Guru Gobind Singh">Guru Gobind Singh</a>, Zorawar Singh aged eight and Fateh Singh aged five, by burying them alive into a wall.<sup about="#mwt24" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-3"}}' id="cite_ref-3" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_26#cite_note-3" id="mwJw" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 3;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwKA">[3]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-3"><cite about="#mwt18" class="citation book cs1" id="CITEREFFenechMcLeod2014">Fenech, Louis E.; <a href="./W._H._McLeod" id="mwBsM" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="W. H. McLeod">McLeod, W. H.</a> (2014). <a class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xajcAwAAQBAJ" id="mwBsQ" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow"><i id="mwBsU">Historical Dictionary of Sikhism</i></a>. <a href="./Rowman_&amp;_Littlefield" id="mwBsY" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Rowman &amp; Littlefield">Rowman &amp; Littlefield</a>. p.<span id="mwBsc" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span>9. <a class="mw-redirect" href="./ISBN_(identifier)" id="mwBsg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a><span id="mwBsk" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span><a href="./Special:BookSources/978-1-4422-3601-1" id="mwBso" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4422-3601-1"><bdi id="mwBss">978-1-4422-3601-1</bdi></a></cite><span about="#mwt18" class="Z3988" id="mwBsw" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Sikhism&amp;rft.pages=9&amp;rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&amp;rft.date=2014&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-4422-3601-1&amp;rft.aulast=Fenech&amp;rft.aufirst=Louis+E.&amp;rft.au=McLeod%2C+W.+H.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxajcAwAAQBAJ&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+26"></span>; <link about="#mwt21" data-mw='{"name":"templatestyles","attrs":{"src":"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"},"body":{"extsrc":""},"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"cite book","href":"./Template:Cite_book"},"params":{"first":{"wt":"Nikky-Guninder Kaur"},"last":{"wt":"Singh"},"title":{"wt":"Sikhism: An Introduction"},"url":{"wt":"https://books.google.com/books?id=w8yWAwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT84"},"year":{"wt":"2011"},"publisher":{"wt":"[[I.B.Tauris]]"},"isbn":{"wt":"978-0-85773-549-2"},"pages":{"wt":"84–85"}},"i":0}}]}' href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403" id="mwBs0" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" typeof="mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion"/><cite about="#mwt21" class="citation book cs1" id="CITEREFSingh2011">Singh, Nikky-Guninder Kaur (2011). <a class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=w8yWAwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT84" id="mwBs4" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow"><i id="mwBs8">Sikhism: An Introduction</i></a>. <a class="mw-redirect" href="./I.B.Tauris" id="mwBtA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="I.B.Tauris">I.B.Tauris</a>. pp.<span id="mwBtE" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span>84–85. <a class="mw-redirect" href="./ISBN_(identifier)" id="mwBtI" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a><span id="mwBtM" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span><a href="./Special:BookSources/978-0-85773-549-2" id="mwBtQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85773-549-2"><bdi id="mwBtU">978-0-85773-549-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span about="#mwt21" class="Z3988" id="mwBtY" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Sikhism%3A+An+Introduction&amp;rft.pages=84-85&amp;rft.pub=I.B.Tauris&amp;rft.date=2011&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-85773-549-2&amp;rft.aulast=Singh&amp;rft.aufirst=Nikky-Guninder+Kaur&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dw8yWAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT84&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+26"></span></span>

The opera <i id="mwLA"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrippina_(opera)" id="mwLQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Agrippina (opera)">Agrippina</a></i> by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Frideric_Handel" id="mwLg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="George Frideric Handel">George Frideric Handel</a> premiered in Venice.<sup about="#mwt29" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-4"}}' id="cite_ref-4" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_26#cite_note-4" id="mwLw" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 4;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwMA">[4]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-4">Dean, Winton; and <a href="./J._Merrill_Knapp" id="mwBtk" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="J. Merrill Knapp">J. Merrill Knapp</a> (1995), <i id="mwBto">Handel's Operas, 1704–1726</i> (Revised edition). p. 128. Clarendon Press, Oxford. <a about="#mwt26" class="mw-redirect" href="./ISBN_(identifier)" id="mwBtw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a><span about="#mwt26" id="mwBt0" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span><a about="#mwt26" href="./Special:BookSources/0-19-816441-6" id="mwBt4" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-816441-6">0-19-816441-6</a>.</span>

<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Sebastian_Bach" id="mwNA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Johann Sebastian Bach">Bach</a> led the first performance of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darzu_ist_erschienen_der_Sohn_Gottes,_BWV_40" id="mwNQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Darzu ist erschienen der Sohn Gottes, BWV 40"><i id="mwNg">Darzu ist erschienen der Sohn Gottes</i>, BWV 40</a>, his first <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christmas_Cantata" id="mwNw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Christmas Cantata">Christmas Cantata</a> composed for Leipzig.<sup about="#mwt34" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-5"}}' id="cite_ref-5" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_26#cite_note-5" id="mwOA" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 5;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwOQ">[5]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-5"><cite about="#mwt31" class="citation web cs1" id="CITEREFWolff1998"><a href="./Christoph_Wolff" id="mwBuI" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Christoph Wolff">Wolff, Christoph</a> (1998). <a class="external text" href="http://www.bach-cantatas.com/Pic-Rec-BIG/Koopman-C08-1c%5BErato-3CD%5D.pdf" id="mwBuM" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">"On the first cycle of Bach's cantatas for the Leipzig liturgy (1723–1724) (III)"</a> <span class="cs1-format" id="mwBuQ">(PDF)</span>. Bach Cantatas Website<span class="reference-accessdate" id="mwBuU">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap" id="mwBuY">4 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span about="#mwt31" class="Z3988" id="mwBuc" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=On+the+first+cycle+of+Bach%27s+cantatas+for+the+Leipzig+liturgy+%281723%E2%80%931724%29+%28III%29&amp;rft.pub=Bach+Cantatas+Website&amp;rft.date=1998&amp;rft.aulast=Wolff&amp;rft.aufirst=Christoph&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bach-cantatas.com%2FPic-Rec-BIG%2FKoopman-C08-1c%255BErato-3CD%255D.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+26"></span></span>

<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" id="mwPQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a>: In the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Trenton" id="mwPg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Battle of Trenton">Battle of Trenton</a>, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_Army" id="mwPw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Continental Army">Continental Army</a> attacks and successfully defeats a garrison of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hessian_(soldier)" id="mwQA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Hessian (soldier)">Hessian forces</a>.<sup about="#mwt39" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-6"}}' id="cite_ref-6" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_26#cite_note-6" id="mwQQ" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 6;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwQg">[6]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-6"><cite about="#mwt36" class="citation book cs1" id="CITEREFFischer2006">Fischer, David Hackett (2006). <a class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Oreq1YztDcQC" id="mwBus" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow"><i id="mwBuw">Washington's Crossing</i></a>. New York: Oxford University Press. pp.<span id="mwBu0" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span>234–235, 512 fn.27. <a class="mw-redirect" href="./ISBN_(identifier)" id="mwBu4" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a><span id="mwBu8" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span><a href="./Special:BookSources/9780195181593" id="mwBvA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Special:BookSources/9780195181593"><bdi id="mwBvE">9780195181593</bdi></a>.</cite><span about="#mwt36" class="Z3988" id="mwBvI" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Washington%27s+Crossing&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pages=234-235%2C+512+fn.27&amp;rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.isbn=9780195181593&amp;rft.aulast=Fischer&amp;rft.aufirst=David+Hackett&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOreq1YztDcQC&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+26"></span></span>

<a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_XVI_of_France" id="mwRg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Louis XVI of France">Louis XVI of France</a> gives his public assent to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_Constitution_of_the_Clergy" id="mwRw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Civil Constitution of the Clergy">Civil Constitution of the Clergy</a> during the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Revolution" id="mwSA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a>.<sup about="#mwt44" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-7"}}' id="cite_ref-7" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_26#cite_note-7" id="mwSQ" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 7;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwSg">[7]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-7"><cite about="#mwt41" class="citation book cs1" id="CITEREFLever2001">Lever, Evelyne (2001). <a class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5_VdPU55KCoC" id="mwBvY" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow"><i id="mwBvc">Marie Antoinette: The Last Queen of France</i></a>. New York: St. Martin's Griffin. p.<span id="mwBvg" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span>245. <a class="mw-redirect" href="./ISBN_(identifier)" id="mwBvk" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a><span id="mwBvo" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span><a href="./Special:BookSources/9780312283339" id="mwBvs" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Special:BookSources/9780312283339"><bdi id="mwBvw">9780312283339</bdi></a>.</cite><span about="#mwt41" class="Z3988" id="mwBv0" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Marie+Antoinette%3A+The+Last+Queen+of+France&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pages=245&amp;rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Griffin&amp;rft.date=2001&amp;rft.isbn=9780312283339&amp;rft.aulast=Lever&amp;rft.aufirst=Evelyne&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5_VdPU55KCoC&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+26"></span></span>

<a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Wissembourg_(1793)" id="mwTg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Second Battle of Wissembourg (1793)">Second Battle of Wissembourg</a>: France defeats Austria.<sup about="#mwt49" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-8"}}' id="cite_ref-8" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_26#cite_note-8" id="mwTw" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 8;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwUA">[8]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-8"><cite about="#mwt46" class="citation book cs1" id="CITEREFVan_Husen2014">Van Husen, William H. (2014). "Weissenburg, Second Battle of (December 1793)". In Zabecki, David T. (ed.). <a class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rCWMBQAAQBAJ" id="mwBwE" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow"><i id="mwBwI">Germany at War: 400 Years of Military History. Volume 4: U—Z</i></a>. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO. p.<span id="mwBwM" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span>1430. <a class="mw-redirect" href="./ISBN_(identifier)" id="mwBwQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a><span id="mwBwU" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span><a href="./Special:BookSources/9781598849806" id="mwBwY" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Special:BookSources/9781598849806"><bdi id="mwBwc">9781598849806</bdi></a>.</cite><span about="#mwt46" class="Z3988" id="mwBwg" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Weissenburg%2C+Second+Battle+of+%28December+1793%29&amp;rft.btitle=Germany+at+War%3A+400+Years+of+Military+History.+Volume+4%3A+U%E2%80%94Z&amp;rft.place=Santa+Barbara%2C+Calif.&amp;rft.pages=1430&amp;rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&amp;rft.date=2014&amp;rft.isbn=9781598849806&amp;rft.aulast=Van+Husen&amp;rft.aufirst=William+H.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrCWMBQAAQBAJ&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+26"></span></span>

<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Lee_III" id="mwVA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Henry Lee III">Henry Lee III</a>'s eulogy to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington" id="mwVQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="George Washington">George Washington</a> in congress declares him as "first in war, first in peace and first in the hearts of his countrymen".<sup about="#mwt54" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-9"}}' id="cite_ref-9" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_26#cite_note-9" id="mwVg" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 9;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwVw">[9]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-9"><cite about="#mwt51" class="citation book cs1" id="CITEREFKnight1913">Knight, Lucian Lamar (1913). <a class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lEkUAAAAYAAJ" id="mwBww" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow"><i id="mwBw0">Georgia's Landmarks, Memorials, and Legends</i></a>. Atlanta: Byrd Printing Co. p.<span id="mwBw4" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span>3. <a class="mw-redirect" href="./OCLC_(identifier)" id="mwBw8" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a><span id="mwBxA" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span><a class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1333051" id="mwBxE" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">1333051</a>.</cite><span about="#mwt51" class="Z3988" id="mwBxI" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Georgia%27s+Landmarks%2C+Memorials%2C+and+Legends&amp;rft.place=Atlanta&amp;rft.pages=3&amp;rft.pub=Byrd+Printing+Co.&amp;rft.date=1913&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1333051&amp;rft.aulast=Knight&amp;rft.aufirst=Lucian+Lamar&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlEkUAAAAYAAJ&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+26"></span></span>

Austria and France sign the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_of_Pressburg_(1805)" id="mwWw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Peace of Pressburg (1805)">Treaty of Pressburg</a>.<sup about="#mwt59" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-10"}}' id="cite_ref-10" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_26#cite_note-10" id="mwXA" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 10;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwXQ">[10]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-10"><cite about="#mwt56" class="citation book cs1" id="CITEREFHoltChilton1919">Holt, Lucius Hudson; Chilton, Alexander Wheeler (1919). <a class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7tkLAAAAYAAJ" id="mwBxY" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow"><i id="mwBxc">A Brief History of Europe From 1789 to 1815</i></a>. New York: Macmillan. p.<span id="mwBxg" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span>223. <a class="mw-redirect" href="./OCLC_(identifier)" id="mwBxk" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a><span id="mwBxo" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span><a class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/977176927" id="mwBxs" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">977176927</a>.</cite><span about="#mwt56" class="Z3988" id="mwBxw" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=A+Brief+History+of+Europe+From+1789+to+1815&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pages=223&amp;rft.pub=Macmillan&amp;rft.date=1919&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F977176927&amp;rft.aulast=Holt&amp;rft.aufirst=Lucius+Hudson&amp;rft.au=Chilton%2C+Alexander+Wheeler&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7tkLAAAAYAAJ&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+26"></span></span>

Battles of <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Pułtusk" id="mwYQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Battle of Pułtusk">Pultusk</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Golymin" id="mwYg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Battle of Golymin">Golymin</a>: Russian forces hold <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_French_Empire" id="mwYw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="First French Empire">French</a> forces under <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon" id="mwZA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a>.<sup about="#mwt64" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-11"}}' id="cite_ref-11" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_26#cite_note-11" id="mwZQ" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 11;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwZg">[11]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-11"><cite about="#mwt61" class="citation book cs1" id="CITEREFStewart1879">Stewart, Henry (1879). <a class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cI8BAAAAQAAJ" id="mwByA" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow"><i id="mwByE">Our Redcoats and Bluejackets: War Pictures on Land and Sea</i></a>. London: John Hogg. p.<span id="mwByI" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span>85. <a class="mw-redirect" href="./OCLC_(identifier)" id="mwByM" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a><span id="mwByQ" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span><a class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/266089353" id="mwByU" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">266089353</a>.</cite><span about="#mwt61" class="Z3988" id="mwByY" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Our+Redcoats+and+Bluejackets%3A+War+Pictures+on+Land+and+Sea&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.pages=85&amp;rft.pub=John+Hogg&amp;rft.date=1879&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F266089353&amp;rft.aulast=Stewart&amp;rft.aufirst=Henry&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcI8BAAAAQAAJ&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+26"></span></span>

A <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond_Theatre_fire" id="mwag" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Richmond Theatre fire">theater fire</a> in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia" id="mwaw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Richmond, Virginia">Richmond, Virginia</a> kills 72 people, including the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor_of_Virginia" id="mwbA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Governor of Virginia">Governor of Virginia</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_William_Smith_(politician)" id="mwbQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="George William Smith (politician)">George William Smith</a> and the president of the First National Bank of Virginia <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_B._Venable" id="mwbg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Abraham B. Venable">Abraham B. Venable</a>.<sup about="#mwt69" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-12"}}' id="cite_ref-12" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_26#cite_note-12" id="mwbw" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 12;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwcA">[12]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-12"><cite about="#mwt66" class="citation book cs1" id="CITEREFBaker2012">Baker, Meredith Henne (2012). <a class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Th9fDwAAQBAJ" id="mwByo" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow"><i id="mwBys">The Richmond Theater Fire: Early America's First Great Disaster</i></a>. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press. pp.<span id="mwByw" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span>ix, 17, 34. <a class="mw-redirect" href="./ISBN_(identifier)" id="mwBy0" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a><span id="mwBy4" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span><a href="./Special:BookSources/9780807143742" id="mwBy8" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Special:BookSources/9780807143742"><bdi id="mwBzA">9780807143742</bdi></a>.</cite><span about="#mwt66" class="Z3988" id="mwBzE" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Richmond+Theater+Fire%3A+Early+America%27s+First+Great+Disaster&amp;rft.place=Baton+Rouge&amp;rft.pages=ix%2C+17%2C+34&amp;rft.pub=Louisiana+State+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2012&amp;rft.isbn=9780807143742&amp;rft.aulast=Baker&amp;rft.aufirst=Meredith+Henne&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTh9fDwAAQBAJ&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+26"></span></span>

Advocates of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberalism" id="mwdA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Liberalism">liberalism</a> in Russia rise up against <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas_I_of_Russia" id="mwdQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Nicholas I of Russia">Czar Nicholas I</a> in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decembrist_revolt" id="mwdg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Decembrist revolt">Decembrist revolt</a>, but are later suppressed.<sup about="#mwt74" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-13"}}' id="cite_ref-13" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_26#cite_note-13" id="mwdw" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 13;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mweA">[13]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-13"><cite about="#mwt71" class="citation book cs1" id="CITEREFKarnaukhovaVerdugo2016">Karnaukhova, Oxana; Verdugo, Richard R. (2016). "Russian National Identity". In Verdugo, Richard R.; Milne, Andrew (eds.). <a class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qAcoDwAAQBAJ" id="mwBzU" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow"><i id="mwBzY">National Identity: Theory and Research</i></a>. Charlotte, N.C.: Information Age Publishing. p.<span id="mwBzc" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span>180 fn. 17. <a class="mw-redirect" href="./ISBN_(identifier)" id="mwBzg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a><span id="mwBzk" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span><a href="./Special:BookSources/9781681235233" id="mwBzo" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Special:BookSources/9781681235233"><bdi id="mwBzs">9781681235233</bdi></a>.</cite><span about="#mwt71" class="Z3988" id="mwBzw" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Russian+National+Identity&amp;rft.btitle=National+Identity%3A+Theory+and+Research&amp;rft.place=Charlotte%2C+N.C.&amp;rft.pages=180+fn.+17&amp;rft.pub=Information+Age+Publishing&amp;rft.date=2016&amp;rft.isbn=9781681235233&amp;rft.aulast=Karnaukhova&amp;rft.aufirst=Oxana&amp;rft.au=Verdugo%2C+Richard+R.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqAcoDwAAQBAJ&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+26"></span></span>

The discovery of <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octonions" id="mwfA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Octonions">octonions</a> by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_T._Graves" id="mwfQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="John T. Graves">John T. Graves</a>, who denoted them with a boldface <b id="mwfg">O</b>, was announced to his mathematician friend <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Rowan_Hamilton" id="mwfw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="William Rowan Hamilton">William Hamilton</a>, discoverer of <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quaternions" id="mwgA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Quaternions">quaternions</a>, in a letter on this date.<sup about="#mwt79" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-14"}}' id="cite_ref-14" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_26#cite_note-14" id="mwgQ" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 14;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwgg">[14]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-14"><cite about="#mwt76" class="citation book cs1" id="CITEREFSabadiniShapiroSommen2009">Sabadini, Irene; Shapiro, Michael; Sommen, Franciscus (2009-04-21). <a class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=H-5v6pPpyb4C&amp;dq=december%2026,%201843%20octonion&amp;pg=PA168" id="mwB0A" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow"><i id="mwB0E">Hypercomplex Analysis</i></a>. Springer Science &amp; Business Media. <a class="mw-redirect" href="./ISBN_(identifier)" id="mwB0I" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a><span id="mwB0M" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span><a href="./Special:BookSources/978-3-7643-9893-4" id="mwB0Q" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-7643-9893-4"><bdi id="mwB0U">978-3-7643-9893-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span about="#mwt76" class="Z3988" id="mwB0Y" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Hypercomplex+Analysis&amp;rft.pub=Springer+Science+%26+Business+Media&amp;rft.date=2009-04-21&amp;rft.isbn=978-3-7643-9893-4&amp;rft.aulast=Sabadini&amp;rft.aufirst=Irene&amp;rft.au=Shapiro%2C+Michael&amp;rft.au=Sommen%2C+Franciscus&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DH-5v6pPpyb4C%26dq%3Ddecember%252026%2C%25201843%2520octonion%26pg%3DPA168&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+26"></span></span>

First <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rules_derby" id="mwhg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Rules derby">Rules derby</a> is held between <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheffield_F.C." id="mwhw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Sheffield F.C.">Sheffield F.C.</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hallam_F.C." id="mwiA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Hallam F.C.">Hallam F.C.</a>, the oldest football fixture in the world.<sup about="#mwt84" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-15"}}' id="cite_ref-15" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_26#cite_note-15" id="mwiQ" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 15;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwig">[15]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-15"><cite about="#mwt81" class="citation news cs1" id="mwB0o"><a class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-south-yorkshire-23471740" id="mwB0s" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">"World's oldest football teams play in derby"</a>. <i id="mwB0w">BBC</i>. 27 July 2013<span class="reference-accessdate" id="mwB00">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap" id="mwB04">25 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span about="#mwt81" class="Z3988" id="mwB08" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=BBC&amp;rft.atitle=World%27s+oldest+football+teams+play+in+derby&amp;rft.date=2013-07-27&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-england-south-yorkshire-23471740&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+26"></span></span>

<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_War" id="mwjg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>: The <i id="mwjw"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trent_Affair" id="mwkA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Trent Affair">Trent Affair</a></i>: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" id="mwkQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Confederate States of America">Confederate</a> diplomatic envoys <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Murray_Mason" id="mwkg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="James Murray Mason">James Murray Mason</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Slidell" id="mwkw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="John Slidell">John Slidell</a> are freed by the United States government, thus heading off a possible war between the United States and the United Kingdom.<sup about="#mwt89" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-16"}}' id="cite_ref-16" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_26#cite_note-16" id="mwlA" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 16;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwlQ">[16]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-16"><cite about="#mwt86" class="citation book cs1" id="CITEREFBarney2011">Barney, William L. (2011). <a class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vC5T-O9afXEC" id="mwB1M" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow"><i id="mwB1Q">The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Civil War</i></a>. New York: Oxford University Press. p.<span id="mwB1U" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span>323. <a class="mw-redirect" href="./ISBN_(identifier)" id="mwB1Y" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a><span id="mwB1c" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span><a href="./Special:BookSources/9780199782017" id="mwB1g" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Special:BookSources/9780199782017"><bdi id="mwB1k">9780199782017</bdi></a>.</cite><span about="#mwt86" class="Z3988" id="mwB1o" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Encyclopedia+of+the+Civil+War&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pages=323&amp;rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2011&amp;rft.isbn=9780199782017&amp;rft.aulast=Barney&amp;rft.aufirst=William+L.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvC5T-O9afXEC&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+26"></span></span>

American Civil War: The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Chickasaw_Bayou" id="mwmQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Battle of Chickasaw Bayou">Battle of Chickasaw Bayou</a> begins as General <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Tecumseh_Sherman" id="mwmg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="William Tecumseh Sherman">William Tecumseh Sherman</a> begins landing his troops.<sup about="#mwt94" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-17"}}' id="cite_ref-17" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_26#cite_note-17" id="mwmw" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 17;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwnA">[17]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-17"><cite about="#mwt91" class="citation book cs1" id="CITEREFJones2011">Jones, Terry L. (2011). <a class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VXEMyi7gS5IC" id="mwB14" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow"><i id="mwB18">Historical Dictionary of the Civil War</i></a>. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press. p.<span id="mwB2A" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span>xxx. <a class="mw-redirect" href="./ISBN_(identifier)" id="mwB2E" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a><span id="mwB2I" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span><a href="./Special:BookSources/9780810878112" id="mwB2M" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Special:BookSources/9780810878112"><bdi id="mwB2Q">9780810878112</bdi></a>.</cite><span about="#mwt91" class="Z3988" id="mwB2U" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+the+Civil+War&amp;rft.place=Lanham%2C+Md.&amp;rft.pages=xxx&amp;rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&amp;rft.date=2011&amp;rft.isbn=9780810878112&amp;rft.aulast=Jones&amp;rft.aufirst=Terry+L.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVXEMyi7gS5IC&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+26"></span></span>

The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakota_War_of_1862#Execution" id="mwnw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Dakota War of 1862">largest mass-hanging in U.S. history</a> took place in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mankato,_Minnesota" id="mwoA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Mankato, Minnesota">Mankato, Minnesota</a>, where 38 Native Americans died.<sup about="#mwt99" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-18"}}' id="cite_ref-18" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_26#cite_note-18" id="mwoQ" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 18;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwog">[18]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-18"><cite about="#mwt96" class="citation web cs1" id="CITEREFWastvedt2017">Wastvedt, Solvejg (9 June 2017). <a class="external text" href="https://www.mprnews.org/story/2017/06/08/mankato-hangings-an-uneasy-topic-for-minnesota-schools" id="mwB2k" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">"History we don't teach: Mankato hangings an uneasy topic for MN schools"</a>. <i id="mwB2o">www.mprnews.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate" id="mwB2s">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap" id="mwB2w">2019-02-27</span></span>.</cite><span about="#mwt96" class="Z3988" id="mwB20" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.mprnews.org&amp;rft.atitle=History+we+don%27t+teach%3A+Mankato+hangings+an+uneasy+topic+for+MN+schools&amp;rft.date=2017-06-09&amp;rft.aulast=Wastvedt&amp;rft.aufirst=Solvejg&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mprnews.org%2Fstory%2F2017%2F06%2F08%2Fmankato-hangings-an-uneasy-topic-for-minnesota-schools&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+26"></span></span>

<i id="mwpg"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thespis_(opera)" id="mwpw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Thespis (opera)">Thespis</a></i>, the first <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilbert_and_Sullivan" id="mwqA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Gilbert and Sullivan">Gilbert and Sullivan</a> collaboration, debuts.<sup about="#mwt104" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-19"}}' id="cite_ref-19" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_26#cite_note-19" id="mwqQ" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 19;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwqg">[19]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-19"><cite about="#mwt101" class="citation book cs1" id="CITEREFWren2001">Wren, Gayden (2001). <a class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=y8dtxOyag2wC" id="mwB3E" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow"><i id="mwB3I">A Most Ingenious Paradox: The Art of Gilbert and Sullivan</i></a>. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. p.<span id="mwB3M" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span>24. <a class="mw-redirect" href="./ISBN_(identifier)" id="mwB3Q" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a><span id="mwB3U" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span><a href="./Special:BookSources/9780195301724" id="mwB3Y" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Special:BookSources/9780195301724"><bdi id="mwB3c">9780195301724</bdi></a>.</cite><span about="#mwt101" class="Z3988" id="mwB3g" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=A+Most+Ingenious+Paradox%3A+The+Art+of+Gilbert+and+Sullivan&amp;rft.place=Oxford%2C+UK&amp;rft.pages=24&amp;rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2001&amp;rft.isbn=9780195301724&amp;rft.aulast=Wren&amp;rft.aufirst=Gayden&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dy8dtxOyag2wC&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+26"></span></span>

<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie" id="mwrg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Marie Curie">Marie</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Curie" id="mwrw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Pierre Curie">Pierre Curie</a> announce the isolation of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radium" id="mwsA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Radium">radium</a>.<sup about="#mwt109" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-20"}}' id="cite_ref-20" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_26#cite_note-20" id="mwsQ" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 20;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwsg">[20]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-20"><cite about="#mwt106" class="citation book cs1" id="CITEREFStrikmanSpartalianCole2015">Strikman, Mark; Spartalian, Kevork; Cole, Milton (2015). <a class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FFgiBQAAQBAJ" id="mwB3w" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow"><i id="mwB30">Applications of Modern Physics in Medicine</i></a>. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. p.<span id="mwB34" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span>68. <a class="mw-redirect" href="./ISBN_(identifier)" id="mwB38" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a><span id="mwB4A" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span><a href="./Special:BookSources/9780691125862" id="mwB4E" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Special:BookSources/9780691125862"><bdi id="mwB4I">9780691125862</bdi></a>.</cite><span about="#mwt106" class="Z3988" id="mwB4M" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Applications+of+Modern+Physics+in+Medicine&amp;rft.place=Princeton%2C+N.J.&amp;rft.pages=68&amp;rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2015&amp;rft.isbn=9780691125862&amp;rft.aulast=Strikman&amp;rft.aufirst=Mark&amp;rft.au=Spartalian%2C+Kevork&amp;rft.au=Cole%2C+Milton&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFFgiBQAAQBAJ&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+26"></span></span>

<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babe_Ruth" id="mwuA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Babe Ruth">Babe Ruth</a> of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Red_Sox" id="mwuQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Boston Red Sox">Boston Red Sox</a> is sold to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Yankees" id="mwug" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="New York Yankees">New York Yankees</a> by owner <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Frazee" id="mwuw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Harry Frazee">Harry Frazee</a>, allegedly establishing the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curse_of_the_Bambino" id="mwvA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Curse of the Bambino">Curse of the Bambino</a> superstition.

U.S. President <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" id="mwwA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> signs a bill establishing the fourth Thursday in November as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thanksgiving_(United_States)" id="mwwQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Thanksgiving (United States)">Thanksgiving Day</a> in the United States.

British Prime Minister Winston Churchill <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill's_address_to_Congress_(1941)" id="mwxA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Winston Churchill's address to Congress (1941)">addresses a joint meeting</a> of the U.S. Congress.<sup about="#mwt114" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-21"}}' id="cite_ref-21" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_26#cite_note-21" id="mwxQ" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 21;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwxg">[21]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-21"><cite about="#mwt111" class="citation web cs1" id="mwB4c"><a class="external text" href="https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/senate-stories/churchills-historic-speech-to-congress.htm" id="mwB4g" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">"U.S. Senate: Churchill's Historic Speech to Congress"</a>. <i id="mwB4k">www.senate.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate" id="mwB4o">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap" id="mwB4s">2023-04-21</span></span>.</cite><span about="#mwt111" class="Z3988" id="mwB4w" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.senate.gov&amp;rft.atitle=U.S.+Senate%3A+Churchill%27s+Historic+Speech+to+Congress&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.senate.gov%2Fartandhistory%2Fsenate-stories%2Fchurchills-historic-speech-to-congress.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+26"></span></span>

<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II" id="mwyg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="World War II">World War II</a>: German warship <i id="mwyw"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_battleship_Scharnhorst" id="mwzA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="German battleship Scharnhorst">Scharnhorst</a></i> is sunk off of Norway's <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Cape_(Norway)" id="mwzQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="North Cape (Norway)">North Cape</a> after a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_North_Cape" id="mwzg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Battle of the North Cape">battle against major Royal Navy forces</a>.

World War II: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_S._Patton" id="mw0g" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="George S. Patton">George S. Patton</a>'s <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Army_Central" id="mw0w" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="United States Army Central">Third Army</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Bastogne" id="mw1A" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Siege of Bastogne">breaks the encirclement</a> of surrounded U.S. forces at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bastogne" id="mw1Q" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Bastogne">Bastogne</a>, Belgium.

Cardinal <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/József_Mindszenty" id="mw2Q" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="József Mindszenty">József Mindszenty</a> is arrested in Hungary and accused of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treason" id="mw2g" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Treason">treason</a> and conspiracy.

The last <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union" id="mw3Q" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a> troops withdraw from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea" id="mw3g" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="North Korea">North Korea</a>.

<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles" id="mw4g" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="The Beatles">The Beatles</a>' "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Want_to_Hold_Your_Hand" id="mw4w" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="I Want to Hold Your Hand">I Want to Hold Your Hand</a>" and "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Saw_Her_Standing_There" id="mw5A" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="I Saw Her Standing There">I Saw Her Standing There</a>" are released in the United States, marking the beginning of Beatlemania on an international level.

The first <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwanzaa" id="mw6A" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Kwanzaa">Kwanzaa</a> is celebrated by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maulana_Karenga" id="mw6Q" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Maulana Karenga">Maulana Karenga</a>, the chair of <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africana_studies" id="mw6g" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Africana studies">Black Studies</a> at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_State_University,_Long_Beach" id="mw6w" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="California State University, Long Beach">California State University, Long Beach</a>.

The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communist_Party_of_the_Philippines" id="mw7w" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Communist Party of the Philippines">Communist Party of the Philippines</a> is established by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jose_Maria_Sison" id="mw8A" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Jose Maria Sison">Jose Maria Sison</a>, breaking away from the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partido_Komunista_ng_Pilipinas-1930" id="mw8Q" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas-1930">Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas-1930</a>.

<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam_War" id="mw9Q" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a>: As part of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Linebacker_II" id="mw9g" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Operation Linebacker II">Operation Linebacker II</a>, 120 American <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_B-52_Stratofortress" id="mw9w" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Boeing B-52 Stratofortress">B-52 Stratofortress</a> bombers attacked <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoi" id="mw-A" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Hanoi">Hanoi</a>, including 78 launched from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andersen_Air_Force_Base" id="mw-Q" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Andersen Air Force Base">Andersen Air Force Base</a> in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam" id="mw-g" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Guam">Guam</a>, the largest single combat launch in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategic_Air_Command" id="mw-w" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Strategic Air Command">Strategic Air Command</a> history.

<a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu-144" id="mw_w" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Tu-144">Tu-144</a>, the world's first commercial <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supersonic_aircraft" id="mwAQA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Supersonic aircraft">supersonic aircraft</a>, surpassing <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mach_number" id="mwAQE" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Mach number">Mach<span id="mwAQI" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span>2</a>, goes into service.

The inaugural <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris-Dakar" id="mwAQY" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Paris-Dakar">Paris-Dakar Rally</a> begins.<sup about="#mwt120" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{"name":"dakar1"},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-dakar1-22"}}' id="cite_ref-dakar1_22-0" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_26#cite_note-dakar1-22" id="mwAQc" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 22;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwAQg">[22]</span></a></sup><sup about="#mwt124" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{"name":"pdf"},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-pdf-23"}}' id="cite_ref-pdf_23-0" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_26#cite_note-pdf-23" id="mwAQk" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 23;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwAQo">[23]</span></a></sup>

Witnesses report the first of several sightings of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rendlesham_Forest_incident" id="mwAQ4" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Rendlesham Forest incident">unexplained lights</a> near <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAF_Woodbridge" id="mwAQ8" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="RAF Woodbridge">RAF Woodbridge</a>, in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rendlesham_Forest" id="mwARA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Rendlesham Forest">Rendlesham Forest</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suffolk" id="mwARE" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Suffolk">Suffolk</a>, England, United Kingdom, an incident called "Britain's <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roswell_UFO_incident" id="mwARI" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Roswell UFO incident">Roswell</a>".<sup about="#mwt129" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-24"}}' id="cite_ref-24" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_26#cite_note-24" id="mwARM" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 24;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwARQ">[24]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-24"><cite about="#mwt126" class="citation web cs1" id="mwB6M"><a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130715010101/http://www.suffolk.police.uk/aboutus/yourrighttoinformation/freedomofinformation/publicationscheme/idoc.ashx?docid%3Dcdf0ea85%2De6d5%2D4a75%2Dbcd4%2Dcb5e385eb526%26version%3D%2D1" id="mwB6Q" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">"Unusual Lights Incident Rendlesham"</a>. <i id="mwB6U">suffolk.police.uk</i>. Suffolk Constabulary. Archived from <a class="external text" href="http://www.suffolk.police.uk/aboutus/yourrighttoinformation/freedomofinformation/publicationscheme/idoc.ashx?docid=cdf0ea85-e6d5-4a75-bcd4-cb5e385eb526&amp;version=-1" id="mwB6Y" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">the original</a> on 15 July 2013.</cite><span about="#mwt126" class="Z3988" id="mwB6c" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=suffolk.police.uk&amp;rft.atitle=Unusual+Lights+Incident+Rendlesham&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.suffolk.police.uk%2Faboutus%2Fyourrighttoinformation%2Ffreedomofinformation%2Fpublicationscheme%2Fidoc.ashx%3Fdocid%3Dcdf0ea85-e6d5-4a75-bcd4-cb5e385eb526%26version%3D-1&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+26"></span></span>

<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Express_Flight_2415" id="mwARg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="United Express Flight 2415">United Express Flight 2415</a> crashes on approach to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tri-Cities_Airport_(Washington)" id="mwARk" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Tri-Cities Airport (Washington)">Tri-Cities Airport</a> in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasco,_Washington" id="mwARo" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Pasco, Washington">Pasco, Washington</a>, killing all six people on board.<sup about="#mwt134" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-25"}}' id="cite_ref-25" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_26#cite_note-25" id="mwARs" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 25;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwARw">[25]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-25"><cite about="#mwt131" class="citation web cs1" id="CITEREFRanter">Ranter, Harro. <a class="external text" href="https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19891226-0" id="mwB6s" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">"ASN Aircraft accident British Aerospace 3101 Jetstream 31 N410UE Pasco-Tri-Cities Airport, WA (PSC)"</a>. <i id="mwB6w">aviation-safety.net</i>. <a class="mw-redirect" href="./Aviation_Safety_Network" id="mwB60" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Aviation Safety Network">Aviation Safety Network</a>. <a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050421114121/http://www.aviation-safety.net:80/database/record.php?id=19891226-0" id="mwB64" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">Archived</a> from the original on 2005-04-21<span class="reference-accessdate" id="mwB68">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap" id="mwB7A">2021-12-01</span></span>.</cite><span about="#mwt131" class="Z3988" id="mwB7E" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=aviation-safety.net&amp;rft.atitle=ASN+Aircraft+accident+British+Aerospace+3101+Jetstream+31+N410UE+Pasco-Tri-Cities+Airport%2C+WA+%28PSC%29&amp;rft.aulast=Ranter&amp;rft.aufirst=Harro&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faviation-safety.net%2Fdatabase%2Frecord.php%3Fid%3D19891226-0&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+26"></span></span>

The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Soviet_of_the_Soviet_Union" id="mwASA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union">Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union</a> meets and formally <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" id="mwASE" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">dissolves the Soviet Union</a>, ending the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_War" id="mwASI" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>.<sup about="#mwt139" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-26"}}' id="cite_ref-26" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_26#cite_note-26" id="mwASM" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 26;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwASQ">[26]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-26"><cite about="#mwt136" class="citation book cs1" id="CITEREFBrzezinskiBrzezinskiSullivan1997"><a href="./Zbigniew_Brzezinski" id="mwB7U" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Zbigniew Brzezinski">Brzezinski, Zbigniew</a>; Brzezinski, Zbigniew K.; Sullivan, Paige (1997). <a class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Vt5OLD3vp4UC&amp;pg=PR5" id="mwB7Y" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow"><i id="mwB7c">Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States: Documents, Data, and Analysis</i></a>. <a href="./M._E._Sharpe" id="mwB7g" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="M. E. Sharpe">M. E. Sharpe</a>. p.<span id="mwB7k" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span>5. <a class="mw-redirect" href="./ISBN_(identifier)" id="mwB7o" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a><span id="mwB7s" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span><a href="./Special:BookSources/978-1-56324-637-1" id="mwB7w" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56324-637-1"><bdi id="mwB70">978-1-56324-637-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span about="#mwt136" class="Z3988" id="mwB74" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Russia+and+the+Commonwealth+of+Independent+States%3A+Documents%2C+Data%2C+and+Analysis&amp;rft.pages=5&amp;rft.pub=M.+E.+Sharpe&amp;rft.date=1997&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-56324-637-1&amp;rft.aulast=Brzezinski&amp;rft.aufirst=Zbigniew&amp;rft.au=Brzezinski%2C+Zbigniew+K.&amp;rft.au=Sullivan%2C+Paige&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVt5OLD3vp4UC%26pg%3DPR5&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+26"></span></span>