Datasets:

tomekkorbak

/

detoxify-pile-chunk3-1250000-1300000

like 0

[ "Q:\n\nPython, not supported between instances of 'int' and 'str' error\n\nhere is my function\ndef find_short(s):\n s = s.split()\n max = len(s[0])\n for i in s:\n if len(i) <= max:\n max = i\n return max\n\n print(find_short(\"bitcoin take over the world maybe who knows perhaps\"))\n\nWhat is incorrect here?", "\n\nA:\n\nYou've forgotten to add some len to i in your for loop. ", "See my anser that corrects this error.", "\ndef find_short(s):\n s = s.split()\n if not s:\n return 0,\"\"\n max = len(s[0])\n argmax = s[0]\n for i in s:\n if len(i) <= max:\n max = len(i)\n argmax = i\n return max,argmax\n\nprint(find_short(\"bitcoin take over the world maybe who knows perhaps\"))\n(3, 'who')\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

[ 0.000984237645752728, 0.0021806787699460983, 0.002951115369796753, 0.002019144594669342 ]

[ "December 25\nAlphabetize all the Christmas gifts for family and friends and cross-reference by color and size.", "\n\nDecember 26\nWrite and mail Christmas thank-you notes. ", "Order cards for next Christmas. ", "Estimate number of cards needed by allowing for making new friends and actuarially appropriate death rates for current friends and relatives.", "\n\nDecember 27\nOrganize spice racks by genus and phylum.", "\n\nDecember 28\nBuild snowman in exact likeness of God.", "\n\nDecember 29\nHand sew 365 quilts, each using 365 material squares I weaved myself used to represent the 365 days of the year. ", "Donate to local orphanages.", "\n\nDecember 30\nRelease flock of white doves, each individually decorated with olive branches, to signify desire of world peace.", "\n\nDecember 31\nNew Year’s Eve! ", "Give staff their resolutions. ", "Call a friend in each time zone of the world as the clock strikes midnight in that time zone.", "\n\nUnlike some of the products I review, everyone can afford this one…it’s FREE!", "\n\nTheAmerican Heritage Education Foundation “is a non-profit, non-partisan educational foundation dedicated to the understanding and teaching of America’s factual and philosophical heritage to promote constructive citizenship and Freedom, Unity, Progress, and Responsibility among our students and citizens.”", "\n\nThey have lesson plans for elementary, middle school, and high school. ", "This curriculum seems geared more for a classroom, but I think most everyone can find something useful here. ", "There are some good units on the symbols of our country like the Statue of Liberty and the Star Spangled Banner. ", "We will be doing an activity next week from The History of Thanksgiving.", "\n\nThe Nitty Gritty:\n\nDownload FREE\n\nLesson Plan CD FREE\n\nPrinted Binder $19.95\n\nThings I Like:\n\nThere are interesting topics for all ages.", "\n\nThe lesson plans are broken up into themes, which makes it easy to just do a short unit." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0.0006856625550426543, 0.0006078154547140002, 0.0007401743205264211, 0.001050218241289258, 0.0006488742656074464, 0.0009584831423126161, 0.0006536819273605943, 0.0069673447869718075, 0.0006131001282483339, 0.007009515073150396, 0.0006436690455302596, 0.0008879225351847708, 0.0007473913137800992, 0.0006094760028645396, 0.000685281993355602, 0.0005698329769074917, 0.0006329956813715398, 0.0005811077426187694, 0.0013314252719283104, 0.0005643785116262734 ]

[ "The present invention relates to cyclohexadiene derivatives having the formula: ##STR3## wherein R is one of C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl, R.sub.1 is methyl when R.sub.2 is hydrogen, and R.sub.1 is hydrogen when R.sub.2 is methyl, produced by the processes of our invention and novel compositions using one or more of such cyclohexadiene derivatives to augment or enhance the flavor and/or aroma of consumable materials or impart flavor and/or aroma to consumable materials.", "\nThere has been considerable work performed relating to substances which can be used to impart (modify, augment or enhance) flavors and fragrances to (or in) various consumable materials. ", "These substances are used to diminish the use of natural materials, some of which may be in short supply, and to provide more uniform properties in the finished product.", "\nSweet, hay-like, heliotropine-like, black pepper-like, woody, tobacco-like and \"Oriental\" aroma characteristics with sweet, hay-like, heliotropine-like, black pepper-like, woody, tobacco, \"Oriental\" flavor characteristics are particularly desirable for many uses in foodstuff flavorings, chewing gum flavors, toothpaste flavors, and medicinal product flavors.", "\nWarm, sweet, slightly minty, woody, natural green, herbaceous, Jasmine-like, fruity aromas are desirable in several types of perfume compositions, perfumed articles, and colognes.", "\n\"Dry black tobacco-like\" notes, spicey notes, celery-like notes, black pepper-like notes, sweet notes and Virginia tobacco-like notes prior to and on smoking in both the main stream and side stream, are desirable in tobaccos and tobacco flavors.", "\nIn the paper by Demole and Enggist, Helv. ", "Chim. ", "Acta. ", "57(Fasc. ", "7):2087-2091 (1974), compounds having the following structures have been found to be present in Burley tobacco flavor: ##STR4## None of the compounds of Demole and Enggist have properties bearing any relationship to the properties of the cyclohexadiene derivatives of the instant application." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds" }

[ 0.0006661164225079119, 0.0005386125994846225, 0.0006293361657299101, 0.0008639386505819857, 0.0006105463253334165, 0.0008804639801383018, 0.0007095939945429564, 0.001379527384415269, 0.0010027101961895823, 0.003582495730370283, 0.0006575367879122496 ]

[ "Q:\n\nInline ifelse assignment in data.table\n\nLet the following data set be given:\nlibrary('data.table')\n\nset.seed(1234)\nDT <- data.table(x = LETTERS[1:10], y =sample(10))\nmy.rows <- sample(1:dim(DT)[1], 3)\n\nI want to add a new column to the data set such that, whenever the rows of the data set match the row numbers given by my.rows the entry is populated with, say, true, or false otherwise.", "\nI have got DT[my.rows, z:= \"true\"], which gives\nhead(DT)\n x y z\n1: A 2 NA\n2: B 6 NA\n3: C 5 true \n4: D 8 NA\n5: E 9 true \n6: F 4 NA\n\nbut I do not know how to automatically populate the else condition as well, at the same time. ", "I guess I should make use of some sort of inline ifelse but I am lacking the correct syntax.", "\n\nA:\n\nWe can compare the 'my.rows' with the sequence of row using %in% to create a logical vector and assign (:=) it to create 'z' column.", "\n DT[, z:= 1:.N %in% my.rows ]\n\nOr another option would be to create 'z' as a column of 'FALSE', using 'my.rows' as 'i', we assign the elements in 'z' that correspond to 'i' as 'TRUE'.", "\n DT[, z:= FALSE][my.rows, z:= TRUE]\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

[ 0.0006657682824879885, 0.0011984623270109296, 0.0006749391322955489, 0.0007730540819466114, 0.0008713490096852183, 0.0011576948454603553 ]

[ "/*\nCopyright 2017 The Kubernetes Authors.", "\n\nLicensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\nyou may not use this file except in compliance with the License.", "\nYou may obtain a copy of the License at\n\n http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n\nUnless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\ndistributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\nWITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.", "\nSee the License for the specific language governing permissions and\nlimitations under the License.", "\n*/\n\npackage csi\n\nimport (\n\t\"errors\"\n\t\"fmt\"\n\t\"time\"\n\n\t\"github.com/golang/glog\"\n\tapi \"k8s.io/api/core/v1\"\n\tmeta \"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1\"\n\t\"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/types\"\n\t\"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/util/mount\"\n\t\"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/volume\"\n)\n\nconst (\n\tcsiPluginName = \"kubernetes.io/csi\"\n\n\t// TODO (vladimirvivien) implement a more dynamic way to discover\n\t// the unix domain socket path for each installed csi driver.", "\n\t// TODO (vladimirvivien) would be nice to name socket with a .sock extension\n\t// for consistency.", "\n\tcsiAddrTemplate = \"/var/lib/kubelet/plugins/%v/csi.sock\"\n\tcsiTimeout = 15 * time.", "Second\n\tvolNameSep = \"^\"\n\tvolDataFileName = \"vol_data.json\"\n)\n\ntype csiPlugin struct {\n\thost volume.", "VolumeHost\n}\n\n// ProbeVolumePlugins returns implemented plugins\nfunc ProbeVolumePlugins() []volume.", "VolumePlugin {\n\tp := &csiPlugin{\n\t\thost: nil,\n\t}\n\treturn []volume.", "VolumePlugin{p}\n}\n\n// volume.", "VolumePlugin methods\nvar _ volume.", "VolumePlugin = &csiPlugin{}\n\nfunc (p *csiPlugin) Init(host volume.", "VolumeHost) error {\n\tglog.", "Info(log(\"plugin initializing...\"))\n\tp.host = host\n\treturn nil\n}\n\nfunc (p *csiPlugin) GetPluginName() string {\n\treturn csiPluginName\n}\n\n// GetvolumeName returns a concatenated string of CSIVolumeSource.", "Driver<volNameSe>CSIVolumeSource.", "VolumeHandle\n// That string value is used in Detach() to extract driver name and volumeName.", "\nfunc (p *csiPlugin) GetVolumeName(spec *volume.", "Spec) (string, error) {\n\tcsi, err := getCSISourceFromSpec(spec)\n\tif err !", "= nil {\n\t\tglog.", "Error(log(\"plugin.", "GetVolumeName failed to extract volume source from spec: %v\", err))\n\t\treturn \"\", err\n\t}\n\n\t// return driverName<separator>volumeHandle\n\treturn fmt.", "Sprintf(\"%s%s%s\", csi.", "Driver, volNameSep, csi.", "VolumeHandle), nil\n}\n\nfunc (p *csiPlugin) CanSupport(spec *volume.", "Spec) bool {\n\t// TODO (vladimirvivien) CanSupport should also take into account\n\t// the availability/registration of specified Driver in the volume source\n\treturn spec.", "PersistentVolume !", "= nil && spec.", "PersistentVolume.", "Spec.", "CSI !", "= nil\n}\n\nfunc (p *csiPlugin) RequiresRemount() bool {\n\treturn false\n}\n\nfunc (p *csiPlugin) NewMounter(\n\tspec *volume.", "Spec,\n\tpod *api.", "Pod,\n\t_ volume.", "VolumeOptions) (volume.", "Mounter, error) {\n\tpvSource, err := getCSISourceFromSpec(spec)\n\tif err !", "= nil {\n\t\treturn nil, err\n\t}\n\treadOnly, err := getReadOnlyFromSpec(spec)\n\tif err !", "= nil {\n\t\treturn nil, err\n\t}\n\n\t// before it is used in any paths such as socket etc\n\taddr := fmt.", "Sprintf(csiAddrTemplate, pvSource.", "Driver)\n\tglog.", "V(4).Infof(log(\"setting up mounter for [volume=%v,driver=%v]\", pvSource.", "VolumeHandle, pvSource.", "Driver))\n\tclient := newCsiDriverClient(\"unix\", addr)\n\n\tk8s := p.host.", "GetKubeClient()\n\tif k8s == nil {\n\t\tglog.", "Error(log(\"failed to get a kubernetes client\"))\n\t\treturn nil, errors.", "New(\"failed to get a Kubernetes client\")\n\t}\n\n\tmounter := &csiMountMgr{\n\t\tplugin: p,\n\t\tk8s: k8s,\n\t\tspec: spec,\n\t\tpod: pod,\n\t\tpodUID: pod.", "UID,\n\t\tdriverName: pvSource.", "Driver,\n\t\tvolumeID: pvSource.", "VolumeHandle,\n\t\tspecVolumeID: spec.", "Name(),\n\t\tcsiClient: client,\n\t\treadOnly: readOnly,\n\t}\n\treturn mounter, nil\n}\n\nfunc (p *csiPlugin) NewUnmounter(specName string, podUID types.", "UID) (volume.", "Unmounter, error) {\n\tglog.", "V(4).Infof(log(\"setting up unmounter for [name=%v, podUID=%v]\", specName, podUID))\n\tunmounter := &csiMountMgr{\n\t\tplugin: p,\n\t\tpodUID: podUID,\n\t\tspecVolumeID: specName,\n\t}\n\treturn unmounter, nil\n}\n\nfunc (p *csiPlugin) ConstructVolumeSpec(volumeName, mountPath string) (*volume.", "Spec, error) {\n\tglog.", "V(4).Info(log(\"plugin.", "ConstructVolumeSpec [pv.", "Name=%v, path=%v]\", volumeName, mountPath))\n\n\tvolData, err := loadVolumeData(mountPath, volDataFileName)\n\tif err !", "= nil {\n\t\tglog.", "Error(log(\"plugin.", "ConstructVolumeSpec failed loading volume data using [%s]: %v\", mountPath, err))\n\t\treturn nil, err\n\t}\n\n\tglog.", "V(4).Info(log(\"plugin.", "ConstructVolumeSpec extracted [%#v]\", volData))\n\n\tpv := &api.", "PersistentVolume{\n\t\tObjectMeta: meta.", "ObjectMeta{\n\t\t\tName: volData[volDataKey.specVolID],\n\t\t},\n\t\tSpec: api.", "PersistentVolumeSpec{\n\t\t\tPersistentVolumeSource: api.", "PersistentVolumeSource{\n\t\t\t\tCSI: &api.", "CSIPersistentVolumeSource{\n\t\t\t\t\tDriver: volData[volDataKey.driverName],\n\t\t\t\t\tVolumeHandle: volData[volDataKey.volHandle],\n\t\t\t\t},\n\t\t\t},\n\t\t},\n\t}\n\n\treturn volume.", "NewSpecFromPersistentVolume(pv, false), nil\n}\n\nfunc (p *csiPlugin) SupportsMountOption() bool {\n\t// TODO (vladimirvivien) use CSI VolumeCapability.", "MountVolume.mount_flags\n\t// to probe for the result for this method:w\n\treturn false\n}\n\nfunc (p *csiPlugin) SupportsBulkVolumeVerification() bool {\n\treturn false\n}\n\n// volume.", "AttachableVolumePlugin methods\nvar _ volume.", "AttachableVolumePlugin = &csiPlugin{}\n\nfunc (p *csiPlugin) NewAttacher() (volume.", "Attacher, error) {\n\tk8s := p.host.", "GetKubeClient()\n\tif k8s == nil {\n\t\tglog.", "Error(log(\"unable to get kubernetes client from host\"))\n\t\treturn nil, errors.", "New(\"unable to get Kubernetes client\")\n\t}\n\n\treturn &csiAttacher{\n\t\tplugin: p,\n\t\tk8s: k8s,\n\t\twaitSleepTime: 1 * time.", "Second,\n\t}, nil\n}\n\nfunc (p *csiPlugin) NewDetacher() (volume.", "Detacher, error) {\n\tk8s := p.host.", "GetKubeClient()\n\tif k8s == nil {\n\t\tglog.", "Error(log(\"unable to get kubernetes client from host\"))\n\t\treturn nil, errors.", "New(\"unable to get Kubernetes client\")\n\t}\n\n\treturn &csiAttacher{\n\t\tplugin: p,\n\t\tk8s: k8s,\n\t\twaitSleepTime: 1 * time.", "Second,\n\t}, nil\n}\n\nfunc (p *csiPlugin) GetDeviceMountRefs(deviceMountPath string) ([]string, error) {\n\tm := p.host.", "GetMounter(p.", "GetPluginName())\n\treturn mount.", "GetMountRefs(m, deviceMountPath)\n}\n\nfunc getCSISourceFromSpec(spec *volume.", "Spec) (*api.", "CSIPersistentVolumeSource, error) {\n\tif spec.", "PersistentVolume !", "= nil &&\n\t\tspec.", "PersistentVolume.", "Spec.", "CSI !", "= nil {\n\t\treturn spec.", "PersistentVolume.", "Spec.", "CSI, nil\n\t}\n\n\treturn nil, fmt.", "Errorf(\"CSIPersistentVolumeSource not defined in spec\")\n}\n\nfunc getReadOnlyFromSpec(spec *volume.", "Spec) (bool, error) {\n\tif spec.", "PersistentVolume !", "= nil &&\n\t\tspec.", "PersistentVolume.", "Spec.", "CSI !", "= nil {\n\t\treturn spec.", "ReadOnly, nil\n\t}\n\n\treturn false, fmt.", "Errorf(\"CSIPersistentVolumeSource not defined in spec\")\n}\n\n// log prepends log string with `kubernetes.io/csi`\nfunc log(msg string, parts ...interface{}) string {\n\treturn fmt.", "Sprintf(fmt.", "Sprintf(\"%s: %s\", csiPluginName, msg), parts...)\n}\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

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[ "---\nabstract: |\n In the process of molecular dynamics simulation studies of gold nanowires an interesting structure is discovered. ", "This is a finite double-wall nanowire with a large empty core similar to single-wall and double-wall carbon nanotubes. ", "The structure of the $16-10$ gold nanotube is studied at the room temperature. ", "An investigation of the high-temperature stability has also been carried out. ", "An unusual inward evaporation of atoms from cylindrical liquid walls is found at $T \\geq 1200$ K.\n\n [*Keywords:*]{} Gold nanowires; Nanotechnology; Molecular dynamics computer simulation; High resolution transmission electron microscopy\n\n $^{*}$This paper is the part of the invited talk ”Gold nanowires” presented at JVC-9, June 16-20, 2002, Schloss Seggau by Graz, Austria, to appear in Vacuum.", "\naddress: |\n Department of Physics, University of Rijeka, Omladinska 14, 51000 Rijeka,\\\n Croatia\nauthor:\n- 'G. Bilalbegović$^{*}$'\ntitle: 'Gold nanotube: structure and melting'\n---\n\nIntroduction\n============\n\nStudies of nanoparticles are very important for advances in various fields of technology. ", "Carbon nanotubes are a topic of experimental and theoretical research in an attractive and already well developed area of condensed matter science [@CNT]. ", "Single-wall and multi-wall carbon nanotubes, as well as their bundles, are synthesized and their structural, thermal, vibrational, mechanical, electronic and transport properties are investigated. ", "Cylindrical nanostructures made of other materials are also the subject of research. ", "For example, $Si$, $BN$, $SiSe_{2}$, $WS_{2}$, $%\nMoS_{2}$, $NiCl_{2} $, and various metallic nanowires are studied [@CNT].", "\n\nMetallic nanowires are interesting from fundamental point of view. ", "They are also important for applications in nanomechanical and nanoelectronic devices. ", "Recently an extensive molecular dynamics (MD) study of unsupported finite and infinite gold nanowires has been carried out [@PRB; @Fizika; @MolSim; @SSC; @CompMatSci; @JPCM; @Tosatti; @Baolin]. ", "The systems analyzed in simulations [@PRB; @Fizika; @MolSim; @SSC; @CompMatSci; @JPCM] are in the range of radii $R = (0.5 -1.5)$ nm, the lengths of finite nanowires are $L = (4 -\n12)$ nm, and the numbers of particles are $N = (300 - 2100)$. It was found that multi-wall nanowires of lasting stability often form. ", "These gold nanostructures consist of coaxial cylindrical sheets and resemble multi-wall carbon nanotubes. ", "Similar structures are imaged by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) [@Kondo; @Kizuka; @Ugarte; @Takai]. ", "The string tension of thinnest gold nanowires found in the TEM experiment [@Kondo] was calculated by a MD simulation method [@Tosatti]. ", "Changes of physical properties in a transition from helical and multi-wall gold nanostructures toward face-centered cubic (fcc) ones were analyzed by a genetic algorithm and MD simulations [@Baolin].", "\n\nMulti-shell cylindrical nanostructures found in simulations [@PRB; @Fizika; @MolSim; @SSC; @CompMatSci; @JPCM] are preserved after a long simulation time of $7$ ns. ", "Nanowires whose initial diameters are larger than their lenghts evolve toward an icosahedral shape, a well known structure in cluster physics. ", "Vibrational properties of several multi-wall nanowires are investigated by diagonalization of the dynamical matrix [@PRB]. ", "The averaged coordinates of particles from MD simulations are taken as an input. ", "The results show that the maximal frequencies calculated for cylindrical multi-wall nanowires are higher than for the fcc bulk gold lattice. ", "The capacitance of finite nanometer-scale cylindrical capacitors is also calculated and the values of the order of $0.5$ aF are found for length scales where multi-wall nanowires appear in simulations [@Fizika]. ", "Solid multi-wall structures are stable up to rather high temperatures $T\\sim 900$ K [@SSC]. ", "Nanowires melt much below the bulk melting temperature of gold ($\\sim 1350$ K for the potential used in simulations). ", "Melting proceeds by simultaneous disordering of all shells. ", "Deformation properties of multi-wall nanowires under axial compressive loading are studied at $T=300$ K [@JPCM]. ", "Several types of deformation are observed, for example large buckling distortions and progressive crushing. ", "It is found that compressed nanowires recover their initial lengths and radii even after large structural deformations. ", "In contrast to the case of carbon nanotubes, in gold nanowires irreversible local atomic rearrangements occur even under small compressions. ", "Multi-wall gold nanowires are able to sustain a large compressive stress and to store mechanical energy. ", "Structural and melting properties of an unusual finite double-wall gold nanowire are described in this work.", "\n\nComputational method\n====================\n\nIn a MD simulation method the equations of motion for the system of particles in a required configuration are solved numerically using suitable algorithms. ", "Simulations of gold nanowires are based on a well-tested embedded atom potential [@Furio]. ", "This potential has been shown to accurately reproduce experimental values for a wide range of physical properties of bulk gold, its surfaces and nanoparticles. ", "A time step of $%\n7.14\\times 10^{-15}$ s is used. ", "The temperature is controlled by rescaling particle velocities. ", "The MD box of a nanotube consists of 540 atoms. ", "The length of the box is $L=5$ nm, and the radius is $0.5$ nm. ", "A finite nanowire is constructed, i.e., the periodic boundary conditions are not used along the wire axis. ", "First, a nanowire with an ideal fcc structure and the (111)-oriented cross section is prepared at $T=0$ K. This is done by including all atoms whose distance from the wire axis is smaller than a chosen radius. ", "In previous simulations it was found that an (111) initial orientation of cross sections produces better multi-wall structures than (110) and (100) [@SSC]. ", "An ideal sample is first relaxed at $T=0$ K. Then, an annealing/quenching procedure is applied. ", "The MD box is heated to $%\nT=1000$ K. The resulting structure is a double-wall nanotube described in this work. ", "Cylindrical gold nanoparticles with the same radius and the lengths of $2L$ and $3L$ are also simulated. ", "Similar double-wall structures with large empty cores are obtained.", "\n\nResults and discussion\n======================\n\nLow-temperature structure\n-------------------------\n\nA double-wall nanotube is shown in Fig. ", "1. ", "The notation $n_1-n_2-n_3$..., where $n_1>n_2>n_3$..., was introduced to label coaxial cylindrical shells in multi-wall metallic nanowires [@Kondo]. ", "Figure 1(a) presents a $16-10$ nanowire. ", "As shown in Fig. ", "1(b), the nanotube is terminated by rounded caps similar to capped carbon nanotubes. ", "Figure 2 shows the central fragment of a nanotube which proves that its walls are made of the triangular lattice of gold atoms. ", "The distance between the neighboring atoms is in the range $%\n(0.25-0.29)$ nm. ", "This should be compared with the bulk interatomic spacing of fcc gold, $0.29$ nm. ", "In TEM studies of suspended gold nanowires the distance $d$ between dots on the images was measured [@Kondo]. ", "These dots represent positions of gold atoms projected on the image plane. ", "It was found that the distance between dots is in the range $d=(0.25-0.3)$ nm for nanowires with diameters from $0.6$ nm to $1.5$ nm, and lengths from $3$ nm to $15$ nm. ", "The average value of this distance for $30$ nanowires is $d=0.288\n$ nm [@Kondo]. ", "These TEM studies of gold nanowires have shown that the outer and inner tubes have the difference of the number of atom rows $%\nn_1-n_2=7$. The exception is the finest studied nanowire $7-1$. However, Kondo and Takayanagi have chosen to treat a single atom chain as “0”. ", "The simulation presented here shows that a difference in the number of atom rows is $6$, as in the nanowire $7-1$. A similarity between a simulated here $%\n16-10$ nanowire and experimental $7-1$ is in their small radii.", "\n\nMelting\n-------\n\nThe cross section of a nanotube at several temperatures is shown in Figs. ", "3 and 4. ", "Close to the room temperature it is possible to distinguish atoms in the trajectories plot. ", "At higher temperatures atoms vibrate more strongly, as shown in Fig. ", "3(a). ", "At $T=900$ K diffusion in the walls is intensive, but atoms do not move from the walls (see Fig. ", "3(b)). ", "At $T=1200$ K, as shown in Fig. ", "4(a), atoms in the liquid walls vibrate very strongly. ", "Several atoms evaporate into the empty core. ", "Figure 4(b) shows that atoms evaporate into the core, even when the walls begin to disarrange. ", "Cylindrical liquid walls exist before an evaporation starts. ", "The opposite scenario of the high-temperature disordering (not realized for multi-wall gold nanowires) is a transition from a finite solid cylindrical structure to a solid and liquid blob. ", "The internal energy as a function of temperature is shown in Fig. ", "5(a). ", "As in other simulated small nanowires [@SSC], the jump in $E(T)$ as a clear sign of the first order phase transition in three-dimensional systems is absent. ", "Nanowires whose radii are of the order of $1$ nm are close to one-dimensional systems for which the strict phase transitions do not exist [@SSC]. ", "The average mean-square displacement is shown in Fig. ", "5(b). ", "The particle displacements sharply increase at $900$ K. Therefore, in this nanotube melting starts much below the bulk melting temperature.", "\n\nConclusions\n===========\n\nRecently an evidence of a single-wall platinum nanotube was reported [@Oshima]. ", "This structure was obtained from a suspended platinum nanowire by electron-beam thinning method and was imaged in ultrahigh-resolution electron microscope. ", "The outer shell of a $13-6$ double-wall platinum nanowire was stripped and inner shell was exposed. ", "The results presented here show the existence of an unsupported double-wall gold nanotube.", "\n\nGold nanowires are very promising for applications in nanodevices, for example as interconnections in integrated circuits. ", "Experimental results [@Kondo; @Kizuka; @Ugarte; @Takai], as well as simulations presented here and in Refs. [", "@PRB; @Fizika; @MolSim; @SSC; @CompMatSci; @JPCM; @Tosatti; @Baolin], show that the smallest gold nanowires are strong and stable even at high temperatures. ", "These nanowires exist in various exotic forms, from monatomic chains to multi-wall cylindrical structures [@PRB; @Fizika; @MolSim; @SSC; @CompMatSci; @JPCM; @Tosatti; @Baolin; @Kondo; @Kizuka; @Ugarte; @Takai]. ", "Transport properties of gold nanowires may also make them very useful [@Friedrich]. ", "In preparation and investigation of metallic nanowires results obtained by molecular dynamics simulations are important.", "\n\nThis work has been carried under the HR-MZT project 119206 “Dynamical Properties of Surfaces and Nanostructures” and the EC Research Action COST P3 “Simulation of Physical Phenomena in Technological Applications”.", "\n\nDresselhaus MS, Dresselhaus G, Avouris Ph, editors. ", "Carbon Nanotubes. ", "Berlin:Springer, 2001.", "\n\nBilalbegovi[ć]{} G. Phys Rev B 1998;58:15412-15415.", "\n\nStepani[ć]{} J, Bilalbegovi[ć]{} G. Fizika A (Zagreb) 1999;8:261-266.", "\n\nBilalbegovi[ć]{} G. Mol Simulation 2000;24:87-93.", "\n\nBilalbegovi[ć]{} G. Solid State Commun 2000;115:73-76.", "\n\nBilalbegovi[ć]{} G. Comput Mater Sci 2000;18:333-338.", "\n\nBilalbegovi[ć]{} G. J Phys: Condens Matter 2001;13:11531-11539.", "\n\nTosatti E, Prestipino S, Kostlmeier S, Dal Corso A, Di Tolla FD. ", "Science 2001;291:288-290.", "\n\nWang B, Yin S, Wang G, Buldum A, Zhao J. Phys Rev Lett 2001;86:2046-2049.", "\n\nKondo Y, Takayanagi K. Science 2000;289:606-608.", "\n\nKizuka T. Phys Rev Lett 1998;81:4448-4451.", "\n\nRodrigues V, Fuhrer T, Ugarte D. Phys Rev Lett 2000:85:4124-4127.", "\n\nTakai Y, Kawasaki T, Kimura Y, Ikuta T, Shimizu R. Phys Rev Lett 2001:87:106105-1-106105-4.", "\n\nErcolessi F, Parrinello M, Tosatti E. Philos Mag A 1988;58:213-226.", "\n\nOshima Y, Koizumi H, Mouri K, Hirayama H, Takayanagi K. Phys Rev B 2002;65:121401-121404(R).", "\n\nFriedrichowski S, Dumpich G. Phys Rev B 1998;58:9689-9692.", "\n" ]

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[ "Anglo-Spanish rivalries and the U.S.-Mexican borderlands. ", "The aim of this panelis to examine the ways in which U.S., Mexican, and other authors have employedthe historical rivalry between England and Spain to substantiate rhetoricalclaims to North American territories. ", "For example, New England writer EdwardEverett Hale deploys throughout his novel Philip Nolan’s Friends the literarytraditions of England and Spain in the manner of a cultural duel for regionalsupremacy. ", "Alexander Hewatt loads his history of South Carolina withpropaganda against the colony’s international neighbor, Spanish Florida. ", "Howcan we trace the development of U.S. racial Anglo-Saxonism through theseretrospective references to European contexts and contemporaneous deploymentsof the European race for the continent of North America? ", "How do European,creole, and mestizo identities and associations shift, form, and reform in thecenturies-long economic projects for domination of lands, products, and tradewith Indian nations in the Louisiana, Florida, Texas and other Anglo-Spanishborderlands. ", "Please send your CV and a 500-word abstract to Hsuan Hsu athsuan.hsu_at_yale.edu or Susan Kalter at smkalte_at_ilstu.edu by January 12, 2007." ]

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[ "Boys basketball preview: Marino takes trip down memory lane\n\nRyan Marino got his first taste of coaching a boys varsity basketball team at Monroe High.", "\n\nHe took over the Trojans in 2007 at the age of 25.", "\n\nAfter going 15-48 at Monroe, Marino left to take over Airport’s boys team in 2010. ", "The move gave him the opportunity to coach in the school district where he teaches.", "\n\nMarino will get a chance to revisit his past when Monroe visits Airport to play the Jets Thursday night.", "\n\nThe game was born on the golf course.", "\n\nMonroe coach Frank Scheuer coached the eighth grade team at Monroe when Marino was the Trojans’ varsity coach. ", "The two remain friends and often play golf together during the summer.", "\n\nDuring one of their rounds of golf, the two basketball coaches decided that their teams should meet.", "\n\nScheuer once lived in Carleton, so he has followed Airport’s athletic teams for a long time. ", "When he was an assistant coach at Siena Heights, he coached former Jet star Luke Baker.", "\n\nThe game comes at a time when both teams need a win.", "\n\nAirport is off to a 1-3 start and Monroe is winless through its first four games.", "\n\nAirport has been struggling to learn how to pull out the close games.", "\n\nMarino has not seen Monroe play in person but has watched tapes of two of the Trojans games.", "\n\nScheuer says he is very impressed with Airport standouts Scott McCormick and Brandon Potcova.", "\n\nThe Airport-Monroe game highlights a light slate of games in the Monroe County Region this week.", "\n\nThere will be an interesting matchup Friday as Erie Mason travels to Summerfield. ", "Also on that night it will be Tecumseh at Ida, Milan at Adrian and Faith Davison at State Line Christian. ", "Bedford makes a short trip to Whitmer Saturday.", "\n\nOn the girls side, Jefferson visits Erie Mason and Ida hosts East Jackson Thursday and Bedford pays a call on Whitmer Saturday.", "\n\nMonroe Events\nclick to expand\n\nAbout\n\nWe're an afternoon daily with morning weekend editions. ", "Monroe County is our specialty. ", "The Monroe News is your only source for local news, high school sports, photos, events, crime and more in Monroe County, MI." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nSimplifying a logical equivalence\n\nhttp://www2.ift.ulaval.ca/~dadub100/cours/H09/22257/ntsLogique.pdf\nIf you look in Annex B, I am allowed to use all laws from chapter 3 and below.", "\nhttps://imgur.com/a/vf2do\nThis is the problem itself. ", "I did not rewrite this. ", "If there are any missing brackets, this is how the problem was given to me. ", "I do not know how to prove this. ", "I can't use a truth table, I have to simplify it to an existing theorem to prove its validity.", "\nAny help is greatly appreciated!", "\n\nA:\n\nHINT\nStart out observing that:\n$$S \\equiv [\\neg (Q \\land R) \\land (R \\rightarrow Q)] \\equiv S \\Leftrightarrow$$\n$$S \\equiv S \\equiv [\\neg (Q \\land R) \\land (R \\rightarrow Q)] \\Leftrightarrow$$\n$$vrai \\equiv [\\neg (Q \\land R) \\land (R \\rightarrow Q)] \\Leftrightarrow$$\n$$[\\neg (Q \\land R) \\land (R \\rightarrow Q)]$$\nNow do a DeMorgan and an Implication to simplify this even further, and you're almost there!", "\n\n" ]

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[ "In the NO Podcast Episode 130: Post-Mortum and Guests, Part 1!", "\n\nIn this, the first of a three part season Moratorium, Ryan and Michael wrap up the last week of games, talk CP3 and Anthony Davis’s sprained MCL, take calls about AD playing center and Eric Gordon taking more jumpshots, and then bring on Hornets247 writers James Grayson and Chris Trew to talk trade values and the Rebrand.", "\n\nPart two rolls out Tuesday, but today’s podcast is special. ", "Because it’s yours.", "\n\nThanks, Jason. ", "I asked the question because I remember around the time of the CP3 trade fodder Bill Simmons had something up on Grantland where he was saying he didn’t think they should trade Gordon and he had a video I remember watching where it showed how fundamentally sound EJ’s jumpshot was even down to the way he landed in the same spot but I couldn’t find it Lol. ", "I did find this http://www.tigerdroppings.com/rant/p/34616490/Bill-Simmons-on-Eric-Gordons-Jumpshot-circa-2008-a.aspx and I also found this footnote to be ironic, funny and depressing in so many ways while searching for said column http://prntscr.com/10tppv Funny and sad are obvious but it’s ironic because he says “when you factor in the part where the team with the tortured history is giving up the farm for a superstar with a possible knee problem” and now it’s almost the opposite Lol. ", "WE HAVE BEEN CURSED BY THE CLIPPERS TROJAN HORSE!!! ", "On the brightside I think the name change from Hornets to Pelicans should stop the curse so prepare for Eric Gordon to become a rich man’s James Harden next year! #", "GeauxPels\n\nI’m no Gordon fan, and wished that we could have worked a sign and trade with Phoenix when it was possible, but do you really think we can trade Gordon for someone who has as much talent and ability, and who can win as many games as he can? ", "Don’t we owe it to fans to put the best team on the floor next year talent wise, after having suffered through the last two years. ", "That is my only concern – trading him will reduce the overall quality of the team. ", "Maybe we should stick with him another year, make playoffs, maybe win a round, and then look to move him once we see what the first Pelican team has." ]

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[ "The War Toad friction folder is the first knife Geoff of TuffKnives ever made. ", "Geoff began his knife career by customizing production knives for others. ", "Word of his skills spread quickly and in no time, Geoff had a full time gig. ", "The natural progression was for him to eventually design and make his own knives, and that brings us to the War Toad from Boker! ", "With the break-out success of his custom versions, Boker presents the production War Toad at a fraction of the price with custom styling.", "\n\nThe Boker War Toad features a fantastic looking satin finished blade with complex grinds rarely seen in a production knife. ", "The true chisel-ground blade sports a hollow-ground primary, flat secondary grind and a detail grind along the spine. ", "This blade needs to be seen in person to comprehend how beautiful these grinds are!", "\n\nThe handle is comprised of a textured black G10 front, titanium back and titanium spacer. ", "Geoff wanted to keep the handles simple, allowing the end user to customize the knife if they wish. ", "A nod to his roots.", "\n\nFor those not familiar with friction folders, this is a non-locking knife. ", "Once opened, the extended tang of the blade nestles between the two handle slabs. ", "The hand then acts as a lock, not allowing the blade to close." ]

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[ "The new iPhone wasn’t the only hot thing on sale on Friday. ", "At this point it may take a miracle to score coveted “Book of Mormon” tickets.", "\n\nTickets sold out within 90 minutes of the 10 a.m. release for the hotly anticipated San Francisco run of the insanely popular Broadway musical from the creators of “South Park.” ", "An outrageous satire of religion devised by the devilish and witty Trey Parker and Matt Stone, the Tony winner runs Nov. 27-Dec. 30 at the Curran Theatre in San Francisco.", "\n\nHowever, legions of devout Bay Area theater fans can take comfort in the fact that the musical will have a limited number of tickets available through a daily lottery. ", "Exactly how the lottery will work was not disclosed by presenter SHN. ", "Call 888-746-1799 or go to www.shnsf.com.", "\n\nSeats also vanished quickly during the launch of the national touring production in Denver, where Parker and Stone grew up. ", "And the blockbuster show remains a hot ticket on Broadway, where seats are hard to come by, although they often set you back as much as $500.", "\n\n“The show does more than just poke fun at religion,” says hard-core fan Darren Kevin Velasco. “", "It takes you on an unexpected journey with music that is absolutely extraordinary.”", "\n\nVelasco was among the blessed today. ", "The Santa Clara University student couldn’t believe his luck landing the holy grail of theater tickets.", "\n\n“I got the wretched Row M corner balcony seat, but who am I to complain?” ", "he gushed. “", "Christmas came early.”", "\n\nMany of those scrambling for seats during today’s online frenzy had seen the show before, sometimes more than a dozen times.", "\n\nLeanna Yip, a copy editor from New York, snapped up tickets so she could see the show with family who live in San Francisco. ", "Although she has seen the musical many times before, she said she would not part with the tickets for any amount of money.", "\n\nIndeed, she was so elated today, she had “heart palpitations.”", "\n\n“I just love it,” she said. ", "It’s “smart, funny, well-executed.”", "\n\nSan Francisco playwright Marisela Treviño Orta was not among the chosen. ", "Though she tried to land seats both during the earlier American Express pre-sale and today’s release, she still came up empty-handed.", "\n\n“I have to say trying to buy tickets was like some sort of bad joke,” she said. ", "The “entire experience was exercise in futility.”", "\n\n“Book of Mormon” has been a pop culture juggernaut since it opened on Broadway in March 2011. ", "An R-rated lampoon of two bumbling but lovable Mormon missionaries in Uganda, the musical almost instantly captured the zeitgeist. ", "The tuner nabbed nine Tony Awards, including best musical, best score and best book. ", "Critics from New York to Los Angeles have hailed it as a “heavenly” night of theater.", "\n\nFor the record, it’s not just theater buffs who have embraced the megahit. “", "Book of Mormon” has been the first theatrical experience for many fans of “South Park” who had never imagined that Broadway could be so raunchy and irreverent.", "\n\nEven the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, which is vigorously spoofed in the musical, has gotten into the act. ", "The Mormon church has taken out several ads in programs for the musical suggesting fans of the piece check out the original book because “the book is always better.”", "\n\nVelasco, for one, is not all surprised by the furor the musical has caused, even among the college crowd.", "\n\n“If any musical can bring in a new audience,” he said, “it would be ‘The Book of Mormon.’ “", "\n\nKaren D'Souza is the theater critic for the Mercury News and the Bay Area News Group papers. ", "She is a three-time Pulitzer juror, a former USC/Getty Arts Journalism Fellow and a longtime member of the Glickman Drama Jury and the American Theatre Critics Association. ", "She has a Master's Degree in Journalism from UC Berkeley. ", "She is a Twitter addict (@KarenDSouza4), a fangirl and a mommy and her writings have appeared in the Los Angeles Times, Miami Herald, the San Francisco Chronicle and American Theatre Magazine.", "\n\nIn a video clip recorded by a student, a psychology instructor at Orange Coast College told her class that the election of Donald Trump was “an act of terrorism” – prompting an official complaint from the school’s Republican Club." ]

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[ "Updated 19/04/2014 : One of the common issues facing Ubuntu users after installing or upgrading Ubuntu is the no sound problem, there are many reason for this issue, sometime is related to a volume setting configuration, misconfiguration or can be that you have a new hardware that is not supported. ", "In this post will try to list some solutions to no-sound issue on Ubuntu.", "\n\nThe following solution should work on Ubuntu 14.04, 13.10, 13.04 Raring Ringtail, 12.10 and any older release of Ubuntu.", "\n\n1. ", "Check the volume\n\nFirst thing you need to check is the volume settings, Go to top menu and click sound settings (see screenshot bellow):\n\nCheck output volume if muted or not, if not muted then go further with the steps bellow, if is muted then is your problem should be resolved just you have to uncheck mute.", "\n\n2. ", "Check Alsa Mixer\n\nPulseAudio controls underlying ALSA-level volume controls. ", "To change the ALSA-level volume controls directly, you can do the following:\n\nOpen a terminal. (", "The quickest way is the Ctrl-Alt-T shortcut)\n\nEnter “alsamixer” and press the Enter key.", "\n\nYou will now see a user interface like below.", "\n\nIn this user interface, you can do the following:\n\nSelect your correct sound card using F6 and select F5 to see recording controls as well Move around with left and right arrow keys. ", "Increase and decrease volume with up and down arrow keys. ", "Mute/Unmute with the “M” key. ", "An “MM” means muted, and “OO” means unmuted. ", "Exit from alsamixer with the Esc key.", "\n\nA caveat here: When you mute or unmute something, pulseaudio might pick it up and mute and unmute other controls, as well as PulseAudio’s main mute.", "\n\n3. ", "Reinstall Alsa and Pulse Audio\n\nTry to reinstall pulse audio and Alsa, open terminal and enter the following commands:\n\nPurge Alsa and Pulse audio using the command:\n\nsudo apt-get remove --purge alsa-base pulseaudio\n\nNow install again Alsa and Pulse Audio:\n\nsudo apt-get install alsa-base pulseaudio\n\nThen, reload Alsa:\n\nsudo alsa force-reload\n\nDone. ", "Check now the sound if it is working, if not, try step 4.", "\n\n4. ", "Install Ubuntu Audio Development Team Driver\n\nNote: This PPA is not updated to 14.04 yet.", "\n\nUpgrading your sound drivers may fix the nosound issue, you will need to make sure to uninstall the previous override before trying a new one.", "\n\nOpen terminal and enter the following PPA:\n\nsudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-audio-dev sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get dist-upgrade\n\nAll done. ", "Cheers!", "\n\nVia Ubuntu Wiki" ]

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[ "\nAn Analysis of Anonymity and Ephemerality in 4chan /b/ (2011) [pdf] - lainon\nhttps://projects.csail.mit.edu/chanthropology/4chan.pdf\n======\nnether\nFor me, the most eye opening connection to humanity:\n\n> Through our investigation of /b/, we hope to contribute to scholarly\n> conversations about data permanence. ", "For example, Grudin (2002) suggests\n> that we evolved to live in an ephemeral world, yet our technology takes us\n> from the “here and now” to the “everywhere and forever.” ", "Similarly, Mayer-\n> Schonberger (2009) emphasizes the value of “societal forgetting,” where “the\n> limits of human memory ensure that people’s sins are eventually forgotten.”", "\n\nAs a long time 4channer, there's some \"naturalness\" I feel in the off-the-cuff\ndiscussions on the site where I know my stupidity won't be saved forever. ", "The\nephemerality taps into FOMO, requiring that you _be there_ for a thread event\nthat is unfolding, and that is addicting to some.", "\n\n~~~\nrtpg\nAs another person who spent a long time on there, I now feel like the opposite\neffect ends up happening.", "\n\nSure, it's anonymous. ", "But the short-term nature means that the prime objective\nwhen posting something is to _get replies_. ", "So you get some troll bait or\nother things sure to get replies.", "\n\nEveryone else is doing the same, so you develop a vocabulary based primarily\naround saying and responding to memes.", "\n\nIf the communication were natural, why is 80% of it memes?", "\n\nBecause of the FOMO, you get an effect similar to many MMOs. ", "In order to\nparticipate, you must spend a lot of time on the image board, on IRC, making\nsure that you're doing your thing.", "\n\nSo you end up with a bunch of people who spend their (usually teenage) lives\nonline absorbing as much image board culture as possible to \"get good\" at it.", "\nIt's the ultimate clique. ", "Everyone wants to be part of the secret club\n(sometimes quite literal: the IRC channels like #/v/ would spend their time\ncreating private sub-channels to have \"real talk\").", "\n\nI know on some of the lower-traffic boards you'll find some \"real talk\"\nhappening, but even then it's usually layered underneath snarky \"contrarian\ntrueisms\".", "\n\nIt's the ultimate secret club for people who think they get the internet, and\ngets pretty close to a religion. ", "Remember: don't say you came from reddit.", "\n\n~~~\nsnerbles\n> Sure, it's anonymous. ", "But the short-term nature means that the prime\n> objective when posting something is to get replies. ", "So you get some troll\n> bait or other things sure to get replies.", "\n\nThis can be traced to updates to 4chan's post linking system that highlight\nreplies to your post with a (You). ", "Like upvotes, (You)s are a feedback signal\nof attention.", "\n\n~~~\nkrapp\nI'm certain it goes back much further than that. ", "Replace that feedback with\nthe feedback of bumping up threads - it's the same thing, only slightly less\nconvenient.", "\n\n~~~\nrtpg\ndefinitely. ", "I'd always keep track of my post IDs so I can see who replied to\nmy posts\n\n------\nkahrkunne\nWhy always /b/, though? ", "I get that it's the most popular board, but its\nculture is so different from the rest of 4chan that it might as well be its\nown website.", "\n\nI'd like to see an analysis of multiple boards, comparing culture differences\nbetween them and why they're so different between being on the same website\nwith a lot of crossover. ", "Someone here (I assume jokingly) suggested analyzing\n/jp/, but I feel as if there's actually a lot that can be learned from\nstudying the jay.", "\n\n~~~\nsnerbles\n/b/ is still the most infamous board, nearly a decade after one Fox affiliate\nstation called it the \"Internet Hate Machine\" in response to its antics. ", "Even\nthough the days of \"old /b/\" have long past, its memes live on.", "\n\nThe election certainly brought more attention to /pol/ in recent months, given\ntime we'll all be grumbling about how all the other boards are ignored.", "\n\n------\nulucs\nIf anyone has not seen this masterpiece, here's a bachelor thesis about /fit/,\nits persona and its memes.", "\n\n[https://smartech.gatech.edu/bitstream/handle/1853/53595/SHED...](https://smartech.gatech.edu/bitstream/handle/1853/53595/SHEDD-\nTHESIS-2015.pdf)\n\n~~~\nansgri\nIt says something about a paper when a _list of abbreviations_ can hold your\nattention.", "\n\n~~~\nlaichzeit0\nSince I'm a long time /fit shitposter and lurker when I read that list of\nacronyms I laughed a bit, but then it dawned on me \"that's a pretty good bunch\nof definitions, but still it doesn't really truly convey the whole meaning of\nthe words\". ", "You actually have to experience those things to completely \"get\"\nthe meaning of some of those words.", "\n\nThis makes me sad because one of my other hobbies is classical literature and\nI don't think I will ever properly understand Plato either no matter how well\nI read the definition of an Attic Greek word or see it appear in 10 different\ncontexts. ", "Something is irretrievably missing and unconveyable. ", "I find the same\nproblem when I try and translate words from my second language to English.", "\n\n------\neptgrant\nPersonally I'd be more interested in a report on /pol/.\n\n~~~\nastrange\nThere is one. ", "Sadly nobody has studied the most important and cultural board,\n/jp/.\n\n[https://arxiv.org/abs/1610.03452](https://arxiv.org/abs/1610.03452)\n\n~~~\nelliotpage\n/jp/ was made expressly so it could be forgotten about, which works out for\nboth sides.", "\n\n------\njack9\nThe conclusion section illustrated, indeed, nothing of value was learned. ", "From\na dataset of 2 the conclusion is that they are different for each context.", "\n\n~~~\nkriro\nThat's pretty much grounded theory in a nutshell ;P\n\n------\nProdSangi\nHonestly,/b/ might seems mild when you compare it to /pol/ which is little\nless anonymous\n\n------\nlibeclipse\nI wonder how /b/ would react to this. ", "Has anyone posted it there?", "\n\n------\nreilly3000\nWhen trolls go to grad school.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "The woodchuck model of HDV infection.", "\nThe Eastern woodchuck, Marmota monax, has been a useful model system for the study of the natural history of hepadnavirus infection and for the development and preclinical testing of antiviral therapies. ", "The model has also been used for hepatitis delta virus (HDV). ", "In this chapter several new applications of the woodchuck model of HDV infection are presented and discussed. ", "The development of a woodchuck HDV inoculum derived from a molecular clone has facilitated the analysis of viral genetic changes occurring during acute and chronic infection. ", "This analysis has provided insights into one of the more important aspects of the natural history of HDV infection-whether a superinfection becomes chronic. ", "These results could renew interest in further vaccine development. ", "An effective therapy for chronic HDV infection remains an important clinical goal for this agent, particularly because of the severity of the disease and the inability of current hepadnaviral therapies to ameliorate it. ", "The recent application of the woodchuck model of chronic HDV infection to therapeutic development has yielded promising results which indicate that targeting the hepadnavirus surface protein may be a successful therapeutic strategy for HDV." ]

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[ "Earlier in the month, Pornhub extended the offer to Italian users after COVID-19 forced many in the country into self-isolation. ", "Italy went on to surpass China with the highest death toll due to the virus.", "\n\nNow, access to free Pornhub Premium is available to everyone on Earth, as multiple countries around the planet including Aotearoa enforce lockdown procedures to limit the spread of the disease.", "\n\n\"With nearly one billion people in lockdown across the world because of the coronavirus pandemic, it’s important that we lend a hand and provide them with an enjoyable way to pass the time,\" said Corey Price of Pornhub in a press release.", "\n\n\"We hope by expanding our offer of free Pornhub Premium worldwide, people have an extra incentive to stay home and flatten the curve.\"", "\n\nSarah Templeton and Monika Barton navigate the weird and wonderful world of online porn in this episode of The Snack:" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nIs there anyway to count how many keys an array has in Php?", "\n\nArray\n (\n [0] => 'hello'\n [1] => 'there'\n [2] => \n [3] => \n [4] => 3\n )\n\n// how to get the number 5?", "\n\nA:\n\ncount\n$arr = Array\n (\n 0 => 'hello',\n 1 => 'there',\n 2 => null,\n 3 => null,\n 4 => 3,\n );\nvar_dump(count($arr));\n\nOutput:\n\nint(5)\n\nA:\n\ncount() or sizeof\n\n" ]

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[ "By submitting this form, I understand and agree that Walden University may contact me via email, text, telephone, and prerecorded message regarding furthering my education and that calls may be generated using automated technology. ", "You may opt out at any time. ", "Please view our privacy policy or contact us for more details.", "\n\nThe Walden University Catalog and Student Handbook can be found at http://catalog.waldenu.edu. ", "Simply select the desired document from the pull-down menus in the upper right-hand corner of the Web page.", "\n\nCurrent Articulation Agreements\n\nThe articulation agreements listed below are signed by both institutions. ", "On our Walden Transfer page, http://www.waldenu.edu/admissions/degree-acceleration/transfer-agreements, we have articulation guides in place that reflect the courses and/or credentials Walden will accept in transfer from these institutions and often how they will be applied to specific degree requirements. ", "For further information, please contact an enrollment advisor by calling 1-866-492-5336.", "\n\nThe National Student Loan Data System (NSLDS) is the U.S. Department of Education’s (ED) central database for student aid. ", "NSLDS receives data from schools, guaranty agencies, the Direct Loan program, and other ED programs. ", "NSLDS Student Access provides a centralized, integrated view of Title IV loans and grants so that recipients of Title IV aid can access and inquire about their Title IV loans and/or grant data. ", "Visit NSLDS at www.nslds.ed.gov/nslds_SA/. In compliance with federal regulations under HEOA Sec. ", "489 amended Sec. ", "485B (d) (4) (20 U.S.C. 1092b), the university is required to notify you that approved loans will be submitted to NSLDS by the U.S. Department of Education and will be accessible by guaranty agencies, lenders, and institutions determined to be authorized users of the data system as determined by the U.S. Department of Education.", "\n\nPlease note that enrollment in a program with a study abroad component approved for credit may be considered enrollment in the home institution for purposes of applying for federal aid.", "\n\nStudent Outcomes and Student Characteristics\n\nDiversity\nInformation on student body diversity is available at www.WaldenU.edu/about/who-we-are/data/students under “Total Student Population and Demographics,” “Graduate Student Population and Demographics,” and “Undergraduate Student Population and Demographics.” ", "Walden University serves an ethnically diverse, older, and first-generation student body from all 50 U.S. states and more than 150 countries. ", "The average student is 39 years old, three-quarters (76%) of the students are female, and 56% are minorities (as reported in the IPEDS Fall Enrollment Survey, 2015-2016).", "\n\nEmployment\nEighty percent of Walden’s students who responded to the 2015 Student Satisfaction Survey are working full time or are self-employed. ", "Another 10.0% are working part time.", "\n\nFurther, 75.8% of Walden’s alumni who responded to the 2015 Alumni Satisfaction Survey are employed in the field in which they obtained their degree from Walden.", "\n\nLifelong Learning Almost half (45.5%) of Walden’s undergraduate alumni who responded to the 2015 Alumni Satisfaction Survey have taken additional coursework since graduating from Walden. ", "The types of additional coursework include enrolling in another degree program (67.3%), professional development workshops (27.5%), and seminars/lectures (17.0%).", "\n\nFirst-Year Undergraduate Retention\nThe first-year retention rate of first-time, full-time undergraduates is 0% based upon students who enrolled in fall 2014 and returned in fall 2015, as reported to the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS). ", "Please note this is based on a cohort of 2 first-time, full-time students. ", "The first-year retention rate of first-time, part-time undergraduates is 18% based upon students who enrolled in fall 2014 and returned in fall 2015, as reported to IPEDS. ", "Please note this is based on a cohort of 357 part-time, first-time students.", "\n\nWalden University is primarily a graduate institution, with more than 80% of its students enrolled at the master’s and doctoral degree levels. ", "Additionally, the first-time degree/certificate seeking undergraduates included in the retention figures above represent only 15% of the undergraduates entering Walden in the fall of 2014, and just 4% of Walden’s total fall 2014 undergraduate enrollment.", "\n\nFirst-Time, Full-Time, Degree-Seeking Undergraduate Graduation Rate\nThe graduation rate for first-time, full-time, degree-seeking undergraduates is 0%, based upon students who enrolled in fall 2009 and completed a program within 150% of the normal time to completion, as reported to the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS). ", "As noted above, Walden University is primarily a graduate institution, and undergraduate students enrolled at Walden do not typically fall into the category of first-time, full-time students. ", "The reported rate is based on a cohort of 14 students, and should therefore be interpreted cautiously, as it reflects less than 1% of the total undergraduate students entering Walden University in the fall of 2009.", "\n\nDue to the small cohort size, and to preserve the privacy of personally identifiable information, disaggregated graduation rates by gender, major racial and ethnic subgroup, and Federal Student Aid recipient status are not disclosed.", "\n\nFederal Pell Grants\nFor degree-seeking undergraduate students enrolled in fall 2015, 42% received a Pell Grant.", "\n\nStudent Rights Under the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA)\n\nAmericans With Disabilities Act\n\nWalden University follows the guidelines of the Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA) and provides reasonable accommodations to individuals who provide appropriate documentation of disabilities. ", "If you are interested in applying to Walden University and require accommodations during the admission process, an enrollment advisor will be happy to facilitate your ability to speak with Walden’s director of disability services to discuss your specific needs.", "\n\nVaccination Policy\n\nWalden students are encouraged to gather immunization records and a tuberculosis (TB) clearance, as they may be required to show proof of that health information to prospective employers or for fieldwork. ", "Immunization and TB clearance records do not need to be submitted to Walden, but Walden recommends that students consult a physician for vaccination and other health-related recommendations.", "\n\nCopyright Infringement and Illegal Downloads\n\nUnauthorized distribution of copyrighted material may subject students to civil and criminal liabilities as well as institutional sanctions. ", "The Walden University policy for copyright infringement and illegal downloads is available near the bottom of the “Legal and Consumer Information” page of the Walden University website: www.WaldenU.edu/legal. ", "Hard copies of the policy are available in the Walden University Student Handbook.", "\n\nVoter Registration\n\nThe National Mail Voter Registration Form is the one document that allows you to register to vote from anywhere in the United States. ", "Visit https://www.usa.gov/register-to-vote for the form and additional information.", "\n\nDrug Violations\n\nWalden University must provide each student with written notice advising of the penalties for drug violations under The Higher Education Act (Title IV, Section 484(r)). ", "Suspension of eligibility applies only for offenses that occur while the student is enrolled at the university and receiving Title IV federal financial aid. ", "The suspension applies only to federal aid, and all other aid is subject to policies of the university or other fund source.", "\n\nSection 484(r) SUSPENSION OF ELIGIBILITY FOR DRUG-RELATED OFFENSES\n\n(1) IN GENERAL. ", "A student who has been convicted of any offense under any federal or state law involving the possession or sale of a controlled substance shall not be eligible to receive any grant, loan, or work assistance under this title during the period beginning on the date of such conviction and ending after the interval specified in the following table:\n\nIf convicted of an offense involving the possession of a controlled substance, the ineligibility period is:\n\nFirst offense ................................... 1 year\n\nSecond offense ................................ 2 years\n\nThird offense .................................. Indefinite\n\nFor the sale of a controlled substance, the ineligibility period is:\n\nFirst offense ................................... 2 years\n\nSecond offense ................................ Indefinite\n\n(2) REGAINING ELIGIBILITY. ", "A student may regain eligibility for federal financial aid after the required period of time has elapsed since the conviction, or if the conviction is reversed or set aside, or if the student can certify completion of a qualified drug rehabilitation program.", "\n\nA qualified drug rehabilitation program must include at least two unannounced drug tests and must also satisfy at least one of the following requirements:\n\nBe qualified to receive funds either directly or indirectly from a federal, state, or local government program\n\nBe qualified to receive payment either directly or indirectly from a federally or state-licensed insurance program\n\nBe administered or recognized by a federal, state, or local government agency or court\n\nBe administered or recognized by a federally or state-licensed hospital, health clinic, or medical doctor\n\nAlcohol and Drug Abuse Prevention Program\n\nThe Drug-Free Schools and Communities Act Amendments of 1989, as articulated in the Education Department General Regulations (EDGAR) Part 86, the “Drug-Free Schools and Campuses Regulations,” require institutions of higher education (IHEs) to develop and implement programs to prevent the abuse of alcohol and the use of illicit drugs by students and employees. ", "In addition, IHEs are required to provide annual notification of the provisions of their alcohol and drug abuse prevention programs to students, faculty, and employees and to conduct biennial reviews of the programs and their effectiveness.", "\n\nWalden University has developed this Alcohol and Drug Abuse Prevention Program (the “Walden ADAP Program”) to meet the requirements of the Drug-Free Schools and Communities Act Amendments of 1989, as articulated in the Education Department General Regulations (EDGAR) Part 86, the “Drug-Free Schools and Campuses Regulations.”", "\n\nWalden University maintains a drug-free university. ", "Students, faculty, and employees are strictly prohibited from misusing controlled substances, intoxicants, alcohol, and prescription drugs while working, participating in the online classroom, or attending residencies or other university-sponsored activities.", "\n\nDisciplinary Sanctions\n\nWalden University will not excuse misconduct by students whose judgment is impaired due to substance abuse. ", "Students found in violation of Walden’s Alcohol and Drug Abuse Prevention policy shall be subject to the provisions of the student code of conduct set forth in the Walden University Student Handbook and Walden University Catalog.", "\n\nBy submitting this form, I understand and agree that Walden University may contact me via email, text, telephone, and prerecorded message regarding furthering my education and that calls may be generated using automated technology. ", "You may opt out at any time. ", "Please view our privacy policy or contact us for more details." ]

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[ "Mohammad Hassan Mirza II\n\nPrince Mohammad Hassan Mirza II Qajar (also known as Mickey Kadjar) (born July 18, 1949) is the son of Hamid Mirza and a grandson of Mohammad Hassan Mirza, the last Crown Prince of Iran from the rule of the Qajar dynasty. ", "As heir apparent, he is considered the Qajar pretender to the Sun Throne. ", "He currently lives in Dallas, Texas, in the United States.", "\n\nHe married Shahnaz Khanum (née Sokhansanj; born in 1954).", "\n\nThey have one son and two daughters:\nPrince Arsalan Mirza Qajar (born in 1980 in Tehran).", "\nPrincess Laleh Qajar (born in 1988 in Kerman).", "\nPrincess Negar \"Nina\" Qajar (born in 1989 in Kerman).", "\n\nAncestry\n\nSee also\nAhmad Shah Qajar\nReza Pahlavi – Pahlavi\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nQajar pages\n\nCategory:Qajar princes\nCategory:1949 births\nCategory:Living people\nCategory:Iranian royalty\nCategory:Iranian emigrants to the United States\nCategory:Qajar pretenders to the Iranian throne\nCategory:American people of Iranian descent\nCategory:American Muslims\nCategory:People from Dallas" ]

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[ "Wow! ", "Amazing wear on the 701s IIIrd! ", "Did you do an initial soak before wearing?", "\n\nI read a post on a different forum that if you don't pre-soak to get a lot of the starch out, you could increase the chances of having the stitching rip by wearing them since it's a lot of stress. ", "Truth in that?", "\n\nI know Ryan from Context didn't do an initial soak and I like the contrast he got, which I'm assuming is due to how stiff the denim was with the starch in it initially?", "\n\nWow! ", "Amazing wear on the 701s IIIrd! ", "Did you do an initial soak before wearing?", "\n\nI read a post on a different forum that if you don't pre-soak to get a lot of the starch out, you could increase the chances of having the stitching rip by wearing them since it's a lot of stress. ", "Truth in that?", "\n\nI know Ryan from Context didn't do an initial soak and I like the contrast he got, which I'm assuming is due to how stiff the denim was with the starch in it initially?", "\n\nThanks in advance, hoping to pick up my first pair of Japanese denim!", "\n\ni've always believed in \"soak before wear', which goes back to the very 1st 501 STFs i ever had. ", "nowadays, i triple soak__ [hot soak + hang dry] x2 + warm soak after a couple of wears. ", "then, periodic soaks [when needed] until the time is ripe for a wash. ", "as for the right time, it is determined by factors such as personal preference; frequency + intensity of use; & nature/behavior of denim [ie, fast, medium, or slow fader].", "\n\nno-soak means sharper creasing & more dramatic contrast, but [in my personal experience] makes the jeans prone to tears & thread breakage. ", "putting into consideration the amount of $$ + effort + time i put in on each investment, i'd like to have a return in terms of years of enjoying them\n\nCan anyone shed any light as to the benefits of the quoted above? ", "Looking to purchase the 701 based on this entire thread. ", "Any help would be appreciated, thanks!", "\n\n- 15.7oz shrink-to-fit raw selvedge\n\nThis specifies the weight of the denim in oz. ", "per square yard as well as the fact that it is shrink-to-fit denim rather than preshrunk denim. ", "Denim weight is a matter of personal preference, but heavier weight denims tend to have more character to their weave and tend to be more durable than lighter weight denims. ", "15.7 oz. ", "is considered to be on the heavier side of denim, but there are certainly heavier denims than that as well.", "\n\nShrink-to-fit vs. preshrunk denim is also a matter of personal preference, but the best jeans makers tend to favor shrink-to-fit denim over preshrunk denim.", "\n\nThis specifies the size of the yarns used to weave the denim and states that the denim is dyed with natural indigo rather than synthetic indigo. ", "6 is considered to be a thick yarn for denim, and denims woven with thicker yarns tend to have more character to their weave and tend to be more durable as well.", "\n\nJeans dyed with natural indigo tend to hold their color longer and fade slower than those dyed with synthetic indigo, but AFAIK, this statement is incorrect in reference to the Momotaro 701. ", "The 701 is dyed with synthetic indigo, not natural indigo, to my knowledge.", "\n\n- 100% Zimbabwe cotton\n\nZimbabwe cotton is considered by most to be the finest quality in the world.", "\n\nYou'll notice that I used the phrase \"tend to\" a lot above. ", "This is because even though what I stated will apply to the overwhelming majority of cases, there are certainly exceptions to my generalizations.", "\n\nAre the Grand Indigo worth the price? ", "These are some serious jeans, but I already have both a raw indigo, and a raw black that i have to fade. ", "Not sure if this is blue or black.", "\n\nThe Grand Indigos are both blue and black. ", "The warp threads (vertical threads) of the denim are blue, while the weft yarns (horizontal threads) are black.", "\n\nI would definitely say that they are worth the price, at least in comparison to other denim in their price range. ", "The cost is similar to Momotaro's regular models, maybe up to $25 more at most, and the denim color is pretty rare.", "\n\ni've put about 7.5 hard months into these and gave them a break for the summer as the crotch was wearing thin this spring. ", "i just wore them for a week straight while on vaction in nyc boston and cape cod. ", "the clerk at BIG was impressed which made my denim ego swell as i already was very pleased with how these are shaping up.", "\n\ni bought them true to size (32) but i definitely had trouble buttoning them at first assuming they would give a bit. ", "they have stretched about an inch in the waist but i'm a little nervous about washing them for the first time even though they are filthy as they are pretty snug still. ", "sturdiest denim i've come across.", "\n\ni'll get back to you guys on the washing.", "\n\nthe color is definitely washed out a little in the pictures and the pictures make them look a little grimier than they are. ", "but they are still pretty grimy. ", "enjoy." ]

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[ "Lena Lunsford was taken into custody by authorities in Pinellas County, Fla., where she is awaiting extradition on a charge of death of a child by a parent by child abuse, Lewis County, WV, Sheriff Adam Gissy told The Exponent Telegram.", "\n\nLena Lunsford was taken into custody by authorities in Pinellas County, Fla., where she is awaiting extradition on a charge of death of a child by a parent by child abuse, Lewis County, WV, Sheriff Adam Gissy told The Exponent Telegram.", "\n\nIf the flood of prescription painkillers in West Virginia fueled the state’s opioid crisis, new prescribing guidelines being taught to medical students, future pharmacists and nurses are seen as critical to stemming the tide. ", "Earlier this year, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention released new guidelines to ensure patients have access to safer, more effective pain treatments while reducing the risk of opioid abuse.", "\n\nIf the flood of prescription painkillers in West Virginia fueled the state’s opioid crisis, new prescribing guidelines being taught to medical students, future pharmacists and nurses are seen as critical to stemming the tide. ", "Earlier this year, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention released new guidelines to ensure patients have access to safer, more effective pain treatments while reducing the risk of opioid abuse.", "\n\nFive years into her sobriety, Elly Donahue is more than willing to give credit where it’s due. “", "Drug court was my first step to recovery,” said Donahue, who graduated from drug court in 2013. “", "It’s what pushed me in that direction. ", "I’d been in and out of rehab numerous times before, but drug court makes you accountable and responsible for your actions. ", "It’s what I needed.”", "\n\nFive years into her sobriety, Elly Donahue is more than willing to give credit where it’s due. “", "Drug court was my first step to recovery,” said Donahue, who graduated from drug court in 2013. “", "It’s what pushed me in that direction. ", "I’d been in and out of rehab numerous times before, but drug court makes you accountable and responsible for your actions. ", "It’s what I needed.”", "\n\nFormer Clay County Sheriff Miles J. Slack pleaded guilty Sept. 17 to illegal wiretapping after he placed a keystroke logging device on his then-wife's work computer at the Clay County Magistrate's office.", "\n\nSlack, 47, appeared before U.S. District Judge John Copenhaver, where Slack admitted he attempted to monitor his ex wife's conversations.", "\n\nHe also wanted to get his ex wife's usernames and passwords, according to a release from the U.S. Attorney's office.", "\n\nAt the time of this monitoring, Slack and his wife were going through a divorce.", "\n\nSlack, who resigned as sheriff last week after serving 16 years at the Clay County Sheriff's Department, faces up to five years in prison when he is sentenced at 1:30 p.m. Dec. 19.", "\n\n\"I do apologize to them and you know I have a lot of friends there,\" Slack told reporters after the hearing. \"", "And I do apologize to them. ", "They had -- they entrusted me with that unfortunately I went through a bad time.\"", "\n\nAfter the hearing, U.S. Attorney Booth Goodwin said he thought it was a shame the former sheriff violated the law.", "\n\n\"Elected officials and law enforcement are no different,\" Goodwin said. \"", "They need to respect and follow the law and when they don't, there are consequences.\"", "\n\nSlack's ex wife also released a statement after the plea hearing through her attorney, Daniel Armstrong. ", "In the release, Armstrong asked that Slack's ex wife be referred to as L.S.\n\nAccording to the statement, L.S. said she knew Slack would take responsibility for his actions but hopes he doesn't go to jail because resigning and living with the loss of respect would be enough punishment.", "\n\n\"I am relieved that Miles has taken responsibility for his actions today,\" the statement says. \"", "I am saddened that Mile's wrongdoing has cost him the job as sheriff that he has wanted for years.\"" ]

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[ "I’m a huge advocate of blockchain. ", "I also like money, making it, and using technology to do so. ", "As the CEO of a high-tech company, and veteran programmer I want to tell you: don’t launch products on Ethereum and don’t invest in companies that do so.", "\n\nThe headline of this post is worded strongly for a reason. ", "I was somewhat inspired by this Tweet by @APompliano:\n\nFirst off, this statement is true. ", "I have made some friends recently with companies such as NEM and Tendermint — finding talented blockchain engineers is incredibly difficult for them.", "\n\nAlso, I have been personally coding on various blockchains for about 6 months now and I can say that blockchain is one of the hardest technologies to learn and utilize — and I’ve been a programmer for 10+ years.", "\n\nYet one ICO after the other is raising millions of dollars proposing to build their new platform on Ethereum with their own ERC20 token — do they have magical expert blockchain and banking developers hidden in their closet somewhere?", "\n\nBeing in high-tech as long as I have been, I can tell you with confidence that these founders have never built a blockchain app and have not performed the proper research on their technology stack.", "\n\nWhy Ethereum Won’t Work For These ICOs\n\nSo enough preaching and on to the facts.", "\n\nEthereum is a public blockchain.", "\n\nThis is an incredibly important thing to understand. ", "A public blockchain is a blockchain where every transaction is made publicly available to… um the public. ", "Using blockchain explorer tools like Etherscan one can look at every transaction made on Ethereum — who it came from and where it went.", "\n\nThis is pretty cool right? ", "Full transparency. ", "Maybe you are super excited that this product you believe in is decentralized — using ERC20 and Ethereum. ", "Great! ", "We’ll maybe not so great.", "\n\nIs The Product Really Even Using Ethereum?", "\n\nLet’s take a look at SALT.", "\n\nSALT — Blockchain Backed Loans\n\nICO Raised: $48 million\n\nThis product sounds exciting right? ", "Blockchain backed loans? ", "Wow — and all on Ethereum. ", "Actually not so.", "\n\nFrom the whitepaper:\n\nSALT Membership is an Ethereum-based Erc20 smart contract representing levels of access to the SALT Lending Platform. ", "It can be redeemed for products and services and other rewards offered through the platform.", "\n\nand there is this too:\n\nSALT Memberships exist on the Ethereum Blockchain and loan collateral is recorded on its native blockchain.", "\n\nSo what the media portrayed as amazing new decentralized ICO/product actually has 99.9% of its functionality on a private blockchain and likely private servers — all of which is not public (you don’t get to see what they do with your money/assets). ", "Only membership fees are paid in Ethereum (which also isn’t a great idea IMO).", "\n\nI’m not against private blockchains, but they didn’t even specify what technology they are using. ", "They didn’t tell us where the developers are coming from. ", "They DID tell us all about Ethereum to get us excited — but it is only for their payment system. ", "Is there really any value in a blockchain application here at all? ", "There’s nothing in the white paper except magical rainbows and unicorns and $48 million dollars.", "\n\nCan Ethereum Do What The ICO is Proposing?", "\n\nWhat about the big ICOs that say they are building a fully decentralized platform — all on Ethereum? ", "Wow FULLY decentralized — all code living on thousands of nodes and no central database. ", "The future is HERE!", "\n\nOf all the ICOs you should worry about it’s these kind. ", "They have no idea what they are talking about — no technical expertise. ", "Let’s look at an example:\n\nLoomia\n\nCurrently in private token sale. ", "Obviously backed by big investors etc. ", "And they have a pretty cool angle:\n\nIn a world where personal data has become a precious commodity, sold behind closed doors by large corporations, the LOOMIA TILE gives individuals the right to own their personal data, along with the freedom to choose how to share or sell it.", "\n\nWhile wearing a tile in your clothing that identifies you sounds a little strange to me — I do think its cool to take my digital identity away from companies like Facebook and Google — selling me to whomever they will. ", "Ok so im ready to invest in Loomia — this is amazing!! ", "Wait — we had probably better look at the whitepaper first right?", "\n\nThe Tile Platform is the P2P software that collects and manages data from the LOOMIA TILE and exchanges information with the network of LOOMIA users. ", "The Tile Platform is serverless; it is designed so that at no point does the app need to offload data or connect to a central server. ", "Each instance of the app connects to other user instances.", "\n\nOk this is sounding pretty dang sweet. ", "Let’s see how they are going to do this. ", "There is a 3 fold stack:\n\n1. ", "The decentralized app for user interactions and data collection 2. ", "The decentralized data storage for longterm housing and and retrieval of data 3. ", "The blockchain for distributed, verifiable, universal record keeping\n\nThe whitepaper mentions they will use Blockstack Atlas for their website/apps (user facing stuff) — Blockstack is pretty cool, check them out.", "\n\nBut Blockstack is its own Blockchain — so Loomia is going to take the Atlas portion of Blockstack.", "\n\nSo let’s check it out https://github.com/blockstack/atlas\n\nAt time of writing this repo has 35 commits and no documentation. ", "So this begs the question — how is Loomia going to find Developers that can work with this brand new blockchain technology? ", "But there’s more:\n\nWhen we move to run Atlas on Ethereum, we will use the ENS (Ethereum Name Service), which like BNS has the ability to provide human-meaningful names.", "\n\nSo apparently they want to use Ethereuem as the blockchain (not Blockstack) for Atlas.", "\n\nWhat will go on the Ethereum blockchain? ", "Looks like User ID Registry, SKU Registry, DATA HASH IDS, Token Contracts. ", "This is all fine, but has anyone thought of the Ethereum fees that will need to be paid by users and/or Loomia for each of those pieces of data to be stored? ", "Also WHY does this data need to be on the Ethereum network?", "\n\nWhy couldn’t Loomia launch their own public blockchain and their own token without any outrageous Ethereum gas fees? ", "Also why does my digital identity need to even be on a public blockchain — Ethereum is open to millions of people, developers, and hackers. ", "What if your poorly written smart contract compromises my digital identity? ", "Remember when recently a core developer on Parity wrote a bad smart contract on Ethereum that caused $31 million worth of Ether to be stolen???", "\n\nLoomia mentions they will use Storj for hard data storage which is a cool blockchain based storage system.", "\n\nThis is cool, but now we have Loomia using Storj, a 3rd party for profit company with their own architecture, depending on Blockstack, promising to use a small new framework called Atlas, will somehow convert/repurpose it for Ethereum, and somehow they are going to find the people to build this.", "\n\nIt’s really clear to me they are making guesses. ", "Educated, but still guesswork. ", "We all have to do guesswork at some point, but the problem is companies are raising millions of dollars and promising the world when they can’t deliver the world.", "\n\nConsider this:\n\nDo you know any developers who have integrated Storj? ", "Do you know any developers who are experts at Blockstack? ", "Go talk to an Ethereum developer — can you help me get Blockstack working with Ethereum? (", "if you can find an Ethereum developer)\n\nWhat SHOULD ICOs Be Doing?", "\n\nSo I’m not hating on Loomia or SALT. ", "They are using their right to capitalism and industry and I admire that — the problem is they aren’t spending the time to build out their product before they raise the money. ", "And what will happen is many ICOs will fail and run out of money — others will change their entire technology stack. ", "You as an investor will reap nothing in return.", "\n\nUse Anything Else Except The Ethereum Public Blockchain\n\nICOs really should just stop using Ethereum. ", "There are HUGE security vulnerabilities with the public smart contracts. ", "Solidity is a fledgling programming language with many issues.", "\n\nHyperledger\n\nHyperledger is led by IBM and the Linux Foundation and is quite fantastic.", "\n\nIt has a full suite of tools to make developing secure, scalable, blockchains super easy. ", "ICOs should launch their own blockchains — they don’t need Ethereum.", "\n\nYou can create public, private, and permissioned blockchains. ", "You can create cryptocurrencies on top of it, and you can do this with well tested programming languages you are already familiar with.", "\n\nHyperledger has amazing documentation and tutorials.", "\n\nNEM\n\nIf an ICO really just needs to launch on a big public network then they should absolutely choose NEM over Ethereum.", "\n\nSimilar to Hyperledger NEM allows developers to write to the blockchain in any programming language. ", "There are no crazy variable feels like Ethereum and your smart contracts aren’t exposed for the whole world to hack. ", "You can launch your own cryptocurrency without writing any code.", "\n\nNEM also has amazing documentation and tutorials.", "\n\nFinal Thoughts\n\nIf an ICO chooses Ethereum they have A LOT of roadblocks to overcome, including the BIG change to Proof of Stake this year. ", "Fees are also a huge issue with Ethereum — what will you tell your users when Ethereum gas prices go up to $2 per transaction? “", "Everyone, PLEASE don’t use our app today, you will be charged too much money”\n\nICOs should think about Ethereum fees — they don’t seem to ever think about this. ", "They should be honest about what they don’t know. ", "Ethereum has huge security flaws. ", "Unless you are an expert banking developer who writes perfect code, you should not be writing smart contracts for $45 million dollar ICOs.", "\n\nWhy not write transactional code off of the blockchain, then open source it? ", "Much more secure because hackers can’t attack your contracts.", "\n\nWhy not create your own blockchain network on NEM or Hyperledger? ", "Can be public or private. ", "Why would different industries want to share a giant database? ", "Why can’t you launch your cryptocurrency on your own blockchain? ", "You’ll still have to fight to get it listed on exchanges no different than an ERC20.", "\n\nWhen choosing an ICO to support, look deeply into the tech behind the white papers. ", "Be leery of Ethereum and don’t waste your money!", "\n\nI’m aiming to train the world on realistic blockchain development — coding and launching blockchains, ICOs, Ethereum development, and more. ", "Check out my company Devslopes here." ]

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[ "On The Line: Sophomore defensive end Lamarr Houston (6-2, 275) has been creating havoc this season, recording nine tackles behind the line of scrimmage, including four quarterback sacks. ", "Senior nose tackle Derek Lokey (6-2, 280) has recorded 30 tackles, including four behind the line of scrimmage. ", "Senior tackle Frank Okam (6-5, 320) has 28 stops this season, six behind the line of scrimmage with 3.5 sacks." ]

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[ "Calling all AoE II: HD Steam Workshop content creators!", "\n\nStarting today, the weekly Monday stream (1-3 PM PDT (GMT-7)) at twitch.tv/ageofempires will be all about featuring community-made content! ", "If you have a favorite map, texture pack, custom scenario, or anything else on the Steam Workshop, post the links in this thread and we will feature them live on stream.", "On Tuesdays, I post a recap of the mods highlighted on previous day's stream, which you can find here: http://www.ageofempires.com/blog/?cat=43" ]

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[ "Argentine federation chief: We have asked Messi to play less for Barcelona LaLiga - Barcelona Claudio Tapia wants him fresh for the World Cup\n\nArgentine football federation president Claudio Tapia said he has asked Lionel Messi to play less for Barcelona and be fresher for the World Cup.", "\n\nMessi has been in blistering form for the Catalan side that have raced clear at the top of LaLiga but in Argentina they are hoping that he doesn't burn out before the summer.", "\n\n\"I hope that all the players will have the same form that they are in at the moment,\" Tapia explained.", "\n\n\"Sergio Aguero is playing fantastically and Lionel Messi is always strong.", "\n\n\"This is important for the coaches and directors, we spoke with Messi for him to look after himself and play less at Barcelona.\"", "\n\nHe also revealed that they had received an offer to play a friendly game against Catalonia in Barcelona on Juen 4th and they are discussing the possibility.", "\n\n\"Jorge (Sampaoli) said that it would be a good idea on a football level and for us it would also be important economically,\" he added." ]

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[ "Effects of an internet support system to assist cancer patients in reducing symptom distress: a randomized controlled trial.", "\nCancer patients experience many physical and psychosocial problems for which they need support. ", "WebChoice is an Internet-based, interactive health communication application that allows cancer patients to monitor their symptoms and problems, provides individually tailored information and self-management support, e-communication with expert cancer nurses, and an e-forum for group discussion with other patients. ", "The objective of this study was to examine the effects of WebChoice on symptom distress (primary outcome), depression, self-efficacy, health-related quality of life, and social support (secondary outcomes). ", "In this 1-year repeated-measures randomized controlled trial, 325 breast and prostate cancer patients were randomized into 1 experimental group with access to WebChoice and 1 control group who received URLs of publicly available cancer Web sites. ", "Group differences on symptom distress were significant only for the global symptom distress index on the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale (slope estimate, -0.052 [95% confidence interval, -0.101 to -0.004]; t = 4.42; P = .037). ", "There were no significant group differences on secondary outcomes. ", "Additional analyses showed significant within-group improvements in depression in the experimental group only. ", "In the control group, self-efficacy and health-related quality of life deteriorated significantly over time. ", "This randomized controlled trial is one of the first to evaluate effects of an interactive health communication application to support cancer patients in illness management on symptoms. ", "Although only 1 hypothesis was partially supported, the combined results show a clear trend toward better scores in the intervention group on most outcome measures. ", "If findings can be supported with additional research, WebChoice may become an important tool to support nursing care that can equip cancer patients to better manage their illness." ]

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[ "1. ", "Field of the Invention\nThe present invention relates to a self-retaining endoscope which can relieve a patient to be examined from pain even if the endoscope is retained in the patient\"\"s body for long time.", "\n2. ", "Description of the Related Art\nIn an endoscopy examination, in general, an endoscope has a body insertion portion and an operation portion connected thereto via a flexible tube. ", "The body insertion portion is introduced into a patient\"\"s body through his or her mouth to view a target inner part of the body. ", "The body insertion portion of the endoscope must be sometimes inserted and retained in the body for a long time to observe the progress of a diseased part within the body or obtain and/or record somatoscopic information of a patient under ordinary every-day living conditions. ", "However, the insertion and retainment of the endoscope in the body through the patient\"\"s mouth causes the patient to suffer from significant pain.", "\nTo relieve the pain from the patient, it is known to use a capsule type endoscope which is provided at an intermediate portion of a flexible continuous member, as disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. ", "64-76822. ", "A patient to be examined swallows a soft ball formed at a tip end of the flexible continuous member in the evening of the day before an examination, so that the soft ball will be discharged from the patient\"\"s anus the next day. ", "An operator pulls or moves the tip end and the tail end of the flexible continuous member to thereby move or guide the capsule connected to the intermediate portion of the flexible continuous member.", "\nIn the endoscope which is in the form of a capsule as mentioned above, the pain that the patient suffers can be eased in comparison with conventional endoscopes. ", "However, the patient must always carry the flexible continuous member whose one end extends out of his or her mouth for more than 12 hours. ", "Consequently, it is impossible for the patient to take a meal or speak. ", "Under these circumstances, no substantial pain relieving effect can be expected. ", "Moreover, it is difficult to control the position of the endoscope in the form of a capsule.", "\nIt is an object of the present invention to provide a self-retaining endoscope which can relieve a patient to be examined from pain.", "\nTo achieve the object mentioned above, according to the present invention, a self-retaining endoscope is provided which includes an observation base portion adapted to be inserted into a body cavity through a mouth of a patient to be examined, the observation base portion being provided with an objective optical system and an illumination window; a catheter portion connected to the observation base portion, adapted to be inserted from inside the body of the patient through a nasal cavity of the patient, the catheter portion including an image transmission system for transmitting an image formed by the objective optical system and a light transmission system for causing the illumination window to emit illumination light; and an external device adapted to be detachably attached to a distal end of the catheter portion, the external device including a monitor portion adapted to view the image through the image transmission system, and a lighting device which provides light energy to the light transmission system.", "\nPreferably, the observation base portion is provided with a bending portion, the catheter portion is provided therein with bending operation wires, and the external device includes a bending device which operates the bending operation wires to bend the bending portion.", "\nPreferably, the bending operation wires are made of a shape memory alloy, and the self-retaining endoscope further includes a power supply/heat selection device for selectively heating the bending operation wires to bend the bending portion.", "\nPreferably, the observation base portion includes a rigid portion having an objective optical system and an illumination window, a bending portion which is bendable, and a flexible portion which is deformed when an external force is applied thereto, in this order from the front end of the observation base portion.", "\nIn an embodiment, the light transmission system is a light guide fiber, and the lighting device is a light source.", "\nIn an embodiment, the illumination window is provided with an LED, wherein the light transmission system and the lighting device are a power supply line and a power supply, respectively.", "\nIn an embodiment, the image transmission system is an image guide fiber.", "\nIn an embodiment, the objective optical system includes a CCD and the image transmission system is a signal line.", "\nPreferably, the observation base portion is provided with an endoscope element (such as an air supply port), and the catheter portion is provided therein with a supply tube connected at the front end thereof to the endoscope element; wherein the external device is provided with an endoscope element actuating device, which is detachably attached to the distal end of the supply tube, for utilizing the endoscope element.", "\nIn an embodiment, the endoscope element is an air supply port, the supply tube is an air supply tube, and the endoscope element actuating device is an air supplier.", "\nIn an embodiment, the endoscope element is an air supply port and a water supply port, the supply tube is an air supply tube and a water supply tube, and the endoscope element actuating device is an air supplier and a water supplier.", "\nAccording to another aspect of the present invention, a self-retaining endoscope includes an observation base portion adapted to be inserted into a body cavity through a mouth of a patient to be examined; a catheter portion connected to the observation base portion, adapted to be inserted from inside the body of the patient through a nasal cavity of the patient; and an external device adapted to be detachably attached to a distal end of the catheter portion.", "\nThe external device is connected to the distal end of the catheter portion after the catheter portion is inserted through the nasal cavity of the patient. ", "The observation base portion is provided with an objective optical system and an illumination window. ", "The external device is provided with a monitor portion and a lighting device. ", "The catheter portion is provided with an image transmission system for transmitting an image formed by the objective optical system to the monitor portion, and a light transmission system for transmitting a light from the lighting device to the illumination window.", "\nThe present disclosure relates to subject matter contained in Japanese Patent Application No. ", "11-104795 (filed on Apr. 13, 1999) which is expressly incorporated herein by reference in its entirety." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nHow to implement Custom listview text animation\n\nI am creating shopping application in android. ", "In my app, I show list of items from custom list view.", "\nIf customer select an item, Selected item text moves from listview into shopping cart image. ", "Like below image,\nThis type of animation is my requirement.", "\n\nBut my animated view stopped at end of custom row.. like this image.", "\n\nMy animation.xml code,\n<?", "xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\"?", ">\n <set\nxmlns:android=\"http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android\"\nandroid:interpolator=\"@android:anim/linear_interpolator\"\nandroid:fillAfter=\"true\"\n>\n\n<translate\n android:fromYDelta=\"0%p\"\n android:toYDelta=\"100%p\"\n android:fromXDelta=\"0%p\"\n android:toXDelta=\"100%p\"\n android:duration=\"1000\"\n\n />\n\n<alpha\n android:duration=\"500\"\n android:fromAlpha=\"1.0\"\n android:interpolator=\"@android:anim/accelerate_interpolator\"\n android:toAlpha=\"0.0\" />\n\n <scale\n xmlns:android=\"http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android\"\n android:duration=\"3500\"\n android:fromXScale=\"1.0\"\n android:fromYScale=\"1.0\"\n android:toXScale=\"0.0\"\n android:toYScale=\"0.2\" >\n</scale>\n\n</set>\n\nNote: If anybody want more code I post later.. because already this qtn take more length..\nMy question,\nMy animated textview cannot exceeds bound of custom row.", "\nso How to move custom row textview into end of the image(Shopping cart image)?", "\n\nA:\n\nThe goal is to animate the view from one location to another location so first we need to get the two points. ", "You can do the following:\nint[] screenLocation = new int[2];\ntextView.getLocationOnScreen(screenLocation);\nint startX = screenLocation[0];\nint startY = screenLocation[1];\n\nint[] screenLocationB = new int[2];\ncartView.getLocationOnScreen(screenLocationB);\nint endX = screenLocationB[0];\nint endY = screenLocationB[1];\n\nOnce you have both the starting location of the textview and the location you want it to end at (location of the cartview), we need to animate from one point two the next. ", "We can do this by placing a NEW textview on either the window layer or a framelayout above your listview.", "\nHere we add to the window layer:\nWindowManager.", "LayoutParams layoutParams = new WindowManager.", "LayoutParams();\nlayoutParams.width = view.getMeasuredWidth();\nlayoutParams.height = view.getMeasuredHeight();\nactivity.addContentView(newTextView, layoutParams);\n\nNext we set the starting position.", "\n newTextView.setTranslationX(startX);\n newTextView.setTranslationY(startY);\n\nFinally we animate.", "\n newTextView.animate().setDuration(300)\n .translationX(endX).translationY(endX).start()\n\nA:\n\nSet android:clipChildren=\"false\" on the TextView's parent view as well as any grandparent view that covers the range you want to animate inside.", "\n\nA:\n\nI believe this is what you are looking after. ", "You can use something called View Overlay. ", "What you require is similar to the first animation where the button is falling from its frame to bottom of the screen.", "\nThe summary is as below\n final Button button = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button);\n\n button.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {\n\n @Override\n public void onClick(View arg0) {\n // Our button is added to the parent of its parent, the most top-level layout\n final ViewGroup container = (ViewGroup) button.getParent().getParent();\n container.getOverlay().add(button);\n\n ObjectAnimator anim = ObjectAnimator.ofFloat(button, \"translationY\", container.getHeight());\n\n //You dont need rotation\n ObjectAnimator rotate = ObjectAnimator.ofFloat(button, \"rotation\", 0, 360);\n rotate.setRepeatCount(Animation.", "INFINITE);\n rotate.setRepeatMode(Animation.", "REVERSE);\n rotate.setDuration(350);\n\n /*\n * Button needs to be removed after animation ending\n * When we have added the view to the ViewOverlay, \n * it was removed from its original parent.", "\n */\n anim.addListener(new AnimatorListener() {\n\n @Override\n public void onAnimationStart(Animator arg0) {\n }\n\n @Override\n public void onAnimationRepeat(Animator arg0) {\n }\n\n @Override\n public void onAnimationEnd(Animator arg0) {\n container.getOverlay().remove(button);\n }\n\n @Override\n public void onAnimationCancel(Animator arg0) {\n container.getOverlay().remove(button);\n }\n });\n\n anim.setDuration(2000);\n\n AnimatorSet set = new AnimatorSet();\n set.playTogether(anim, rotate);\n set.start();\n }\n });\n\nIn your case you need to identify the container properly. ", "It should be the root view of activity. ", "Also the button in the example is view you will be animating (Song name). ", "Finally do the translation according to your requirement. ", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Carl Schäfer\n\nCarl Wilhelm Ernst Schäfer (born 18 January 1844 in Kassel - 5 May 1908 in Carlsfeld, district of Brehna in the former district of Bitterfeld) was a German architect and university professor.", "\n\nSchäfer became the most important representative of the late Gothic Revival in Germany. ", "He created several churches: Modification of the Catholic Propsteikirche St. Gertrude of Brabant in Wattenscheid (1869-1872), Catholic parish church of St. Nikolai in Lippstadt (1873-1875), Protestant church in Bralitz (1889-1890), Catholic parish church of St. John Baptist in Birkung (1885-1893), Old Catholic Church in Karlsruhe (1895-1897).", "\n\nAs a monument conservator, he led the reconstruction of the Friedrichsbaues of Heidelberg Castle (1890-1900), the Romanesque monastery church of St. Gangolf in Münchenlohra in Nordhausen (1882-1885) and the Church of Saint-Pierre-le-Jeune in Strasbourg (1897-1901). ", "He added the pair of 81 metre spires to the Meissen Cathedral in a highly convincing neo-Gothic style from 1903 to 1908. ", "This now forms a critical part of the Meissen World Heritage Site.", "\n\nIn 1871, he had built a fountain on the property of his lawyer Carl Grimm in Marburg.", "\n\nReferences\n\nCategory:1844 births\nCategory:1908 deaths\nCategory:German architects" ]

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[ "August 21, 2013\n\nDatta presents workshop at SENCER Summer Institute 2013 Aug. 1-5\n\nSaugata Datta and colleagues from Barnard College, Lafayette College, Hofstra University, New York University, presented the workshop \"Brownfield Action: Dissemination of a Successful SENCER Model Curriculum and the Creation of a Collaborative STEM Education Network\" at the Science Education for New Civic Engagements and Responsibilities Summer Institute 2013.", "\n\nThe institute was Aug. 1-5 at Santa Clara University in San Jose, Calif." ]

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[ " IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF IDAHO\n\n Docket No. ", "45900\n\nSTATE OF IDAHO, )\n ) Filed: December 21, 2018\n Plaintiff-Respondent, )\n ) Karel A. Lehrman, Clerk\nv. )\n ) THIS IS AN UNPUBLISHED\nKENNETH ALLEN GREENWOOD, ) OPINION AND SHALL NOT\n ) BE CITED AS AUTHORITY\n Defendant-Appellant. ", " )\n )\n\n Appeal from the District Court of the Fifth Judicial District, State of Idaho,\n Minidoka County. ", "Hon. ", "Jonathan Brody, District Judge.", "\n\n Order denying Idaho Criminal Rule 35 motion for reduction of\n sentence, affirmed.", "\n\n Eric D. Fredericksen, State Appellate Public Defender; Elizabeth A. Allred,\n Deputy Appellate Public Defender, Boise, for appellant.", "\n\n Hon. ", "Lawrence G. Wasden, Attorney General; Lori A. Fleming, Deputy Attorney\n General, Boise, for respondent.", "\n ________________________________________________\n\n Before GUTIERREZ, Judge; HUSKEY, Judge;\n and LORELLO, Judge\n ________________________________________________\n\nPER CURIAM\n Kenneth Allen Greenwood pled guilty to grand theft by possession of stolen property,\nIdaho Code §§ 18-2403, 18-2407(1)(b)(1). ", "The district court imposed a unified sentence of five\nyears, with a minimum period of confinement of two years, suspended the sentence and placed\nGreenwood on probation. ", "Greenwood subsequently violated his probation, and the district court\nrevoked probation and retained jurisdiction. ", "Greenwood filed an Idaho Criminal Rule 35 motion\nfor reduction of sentence, which the district court denied. ", "Greenwood appeals.", "\n A motion for reduction of sentence under I.C.R. 35 is essentially a plea for leniency,\naddressed to the sound discretion of the court. ", "State v. Knighton, 143 Idaho 318, 319, 144 P.3d\n\n 1\n\f23, 24 (2006); State v. Allbee, 115 Idaho 845, 846, 771 P.2d 66, 67 (Ct. ", "App. ", "1989). ", "In\npresenting a Rule 35 motion, the defendant must show that the sentence is excessive in light of\nnew or additional information subsequently provided to the district court in support of the\nmotion. ", "State v. Huffman, 144 Idaho 201, 203, 159 P.3d 838, 840 (2007). ", "An appeal from the\ndenial of a Rule 35 motion cannot be used as a vehicle to review the underlying sentence absent\nthe presentation of new information. ", "Id. Because no new or additional information in support of\nGreenwood’s Rule 35 motion was presented, the district court did not abuse its discretion. ", "For\nthe foregoing reasons, the district court’s order denying Greenwood’s Rule 35 motion is\naffirmed.", "\n\n\n\n\n 2\n\f" ]

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[ "Elmore County, Idaho is a beautiful place where the Snake River flows and host of the Mountain Home Air Force Base. ", "It’s a peaceful place where one can live and, hopefully, die in peace.", "\n\nIn the early summer of 2019, Elmore County’s coroner Jerry Rost decided he wanted to retire. ", "He had trained his assistant and deputy coroner of 13 years, Nickie Campbell to replace him. ", "Elmore, like many Idaho counties, elects its coroner during regular election cycles. ", "Rost’s retirement outside an election cycle meant that the Elmore County Republican Central Committee (ECRCC) needed to submit 3 names for consideration to the county commissioners to pick his successor. ", "Rost, a Republican, had recommended Campbell to succeed him and she would go on to work as the director at his funeral home.", "\n\nCampbell, the obvious choice for the job, attended the ECRCC meeting to get the nomination.", "\n\nThe ECRCC nominated Barry Petersen (former Idaho GOP and ECRCC chairman), Mark Rhatigan (Current ECRCC Chairman), and Gayle ReMine. ", "Campbell’s name was noticeably absent from the list. ", "Whether the fundamentalist leadership of the ECRCC felt Campbell was a RINO (Republican In Name Only) or did she not fit their vision of what a good Conservative Republican should look like to fill a job opening that has nothing to do with politics is beyond me. ", "Either way, she was ignored because she may have been deemed not politically worthy to perform a job she was trained to do.", "\n\nAfter ReMine declined the job, Petersen was sworn in as the new Elmore County coroner.", "\n\nThe county coroner really has one job – declare the deceased legally dead and sign the death certificate. ", "The dead can’t really die until the county coroner’s signature says so.", "\n\nShortly after Petersen was sworn in, someone in the county passed away. ", "Petersen was called and was unavailable to do his job.", "\n\nMeanwhile, the recently deceased laid up in the funeral home in legal uncertainty while the county attorney and local judge scrambled to find a law on the books on how to handle a death when the county coroner is not present to sign the certificate. ", "Eventually, they found a way to get Campbell to fill in and declare the deceased dead.", "\n\nThen another poor soul passed and Petersen could not be reached.", "\n\nA sheriff’s deputy was called out to Petersen’s home to drag him to do his job to avoid another potential legal zombie outbreak situation.", "\n\nPetersen resigned after this embarrassing mess.", "\n\nFrustrated with how the ECRCC selection process went down, members of the Elmore Republican party staged a recall vote to replace Rhatigan and Campbell was picked to be the new coroner. ", "Rhatigan was so furious at being recalled, he stormed off with the gavel in a show of defiance.", "\n\nAs far as we know, Elmore County is safe from zombie outbreaks for the time being. ", "Hopefully, the ECRCC has learned its lesson that fundamentalist party loyalty should never trump common sense." ]

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[ "Ezy Ryder\n\n\"Ezy Ryder\" (sometimes written as \"Easy Ryder\" and \"Ezee Ryeder\"; also known as \"Slow\" and \"Lullaby for the Summer\") is a song by American rock musician Jimi Hendrix, featured on his 1971 first posthumous studio album The Cry of Love. ", "Written and produced by vocalist and guitarist Hendrix, the song's lyrics are said to be inspired by the 1969 film of the same title; the Jimi Hendrix Experience had previously contributed \"If 6 Was 9\" to the film's soundtrack.", "\n\nHistory\n\nEarly performances\nAn early version of \"Ezy Ryder\" was first recorded, under the name \"Slow\", on February 16, 1969 at Olympic Studios, in a session which also featured the debuts of \"Room Full of Mirrors\", \"In from the Storm\" (under the name \"Crying Blue Rain\") and \"Here He Comes (Lover Man)\", an extended version of \"Lover Man\". ", "The basic track for the song was not recorded until December 18, 1969 (at New York's Record Plant Studios), on the same day as the rehearsal at Baggy's Studios for the upcoming performances at the Fillmore East (from which the live album Band of Gypsys was produced). \"", "Ezy Ryder\" was also performed at aforementioned rehearsal session at Baggy's.", "\n\nProgression and completion\nHendrix debuted \"Ezy Ryder\" at the Fillmore East during the first show on December 31, 1969. ", "Later that night, the group played the song during the second show, but they did not perform it during either of the January 1, 1970, shows. ", "Back in the studio, \"Ezy Ryder\" was rehearsed, recorded and mixed a number of times during early 1970, at Olympic, Olmstead and Record Plant Studios. ", "Hendrix added the song to the set list for The Cry of Love Tour between April and June (and subsequently between July and September). ", "The first recording session at newly built Electric Lady Studios on June 15 was focused on advancing the studio version of \"Easy Ryder or Ezee Ryeder\". ", "This work-in-progress, for which backing vocals by Traffic musicians Steve Winwood and Chris Wood were recorded during said session, was released on the compilation box set The Jimi Hendrix Experience in 2000. ", "Another recording session three days later was also dedicated to \"Ezy Ryder\", \"additional overdubs and mix attempts\" were completed on July 2, and mixes were produced on August 20 and 22 along with the majority of the songs intended for Hendrix's next album. ", "The mix of August 22 was regarded as the final mix and presented on the opening party for Electric Lady Studios on August 26. \"", "Ezy Ryder\" was subsequently performed at most of the final concerts at which Hendrix played, including the final date at the Open Air Love & Peace Festival in Fehmarn, Germany on September 6.", "\n\nPosthumous releases\nThe completed song was originally released on the 1971 album The Cry of Lovethe first posthumous album of original material compiled by the Jimi Hendrix Experience drummer Mitch Mitchell and engineer Eddie Kramer. ", "This version appears on several Hendrix compilations as well at later attempts to present a more complete album of his last recordings, such as Voodoo Soup (1995) and First Rays of the New Rising Sun (1997). ", " Several posthumous live albums include the song: Band of Gypsys 2 (1986, recorded May 30, 1970, with Mitchell and Billy Cox at the Berkeley Community Theatre), Blue Wild Angel: Live at the Isle of Wight (2002), Live at the Isle of Fehmarn (2005), and Machine Gun: The Fillmore East First Show (2016).", "\n\nPersonnel\n\nBand members\nJimi Hendrix – vocals, guitars, production\nBilly Cox – bass\nBuddy Miles – drums, backing vocals\nJuma Sultan – percussion\n\nGuest musicians\nSteve Winwood – backing vocals\nChris Wood – backing vocals\nAdditional personnel\nTony Bongiovi – engineering\n\nNotes\nCitations\n\nReferences\n\nCategory:Jimi Hendrix songs\nCategory:1971 songs\nCategory:Funk rock songs\nCategory:Songs written by Jimi Hendrix" ]

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[ "1. ", "Field of the Invention:\nThe present invention relates to a controller for sensing the presence and absence of a fluid and particularly relates to a controller for sensing the level of a containerized fluid.", "\nLevel controllers for sensing the level of a fluid are well known in the prior art. ", "The prior art utilizes metallic sheathed electric heating elements with a bi-metallic thermal switch either embedded within or attached to the electric heating element. ", "The bi-metal switch is heated by the electric heating element. ", "When the unit including the switch and heating element is immersed in a fluid, the fluid cools the bi-metallic switch sufficiently to prevent actuation thereof. ", "When the level of the fluid drops to a predetermined level, at which the bi-metallic switch is no longer immersed in the fluid, the fluid no longer cools the bi-metallic heating element and the element is then heated by the heater thereby actuating the bi-metallic switch. ", "Bi-metallic thermal switches, due to their inherent design, have a limited temperature switching range, and due to their relative mass, are restricted to predetermined positions. ", "Preferably bi-metallic switches are mounted horizontally along their axis. ", "The metallic construction of the bi-metallic switch also limits its application in corrosive fluids. ", "Additionally, failure of a bi-metallic switch is not fail safe due to the fact that the switch can fail in its open or closed condition or the heater can fail without actuation of the bi-metallic switch. ", "Such a failure can go undetected and can have catastrophic consequences when utilized to sense the level of a fluid in a container.", "\nIt is also known in the prior art to utilize a heater element and two matched resistance temperature detectors which are disposed in a bridge circuit. ", "If the temperature sensors are unevenly heated, such uneven heating is sensed by the bridge circuit. ", "The resistance temperature detectors can be utilized for flow detection or liquid level/interface detection." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds" }

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[ "AFL Players In Quarantine After Deadly Outbreak In Sydney Swans Camp\n\nJetta’s peculiar, almost tribal, behaviour has rocked the Southern Football League to it’s core.", "\n\nThe greater AFL community is in damage control today after another Sydney Swans player has shown symptons of a deadly outbreak at Subiaco Oval on Sunday.", "\n\nThe West Coast Eagles fans remain in shock after witnessing Lewis Jetta throw a make-believe spear at the crowd in an aggressive manner. ", "As a result, all Indigenous players in the Australian Football League have been placed in quarantine for fear that the deadliness might spread.", "\n\n“The Southern Football League (AFL) is very familiar with this behaviour… and it would be naive for us to think that this isn’t a concern,” says outspoken media personality and unofficial authority on race relations in the AFL, Eddie Mcguire.", "\n\nEddie McGuire’s call-to-arms after the first example of imaginary spear throwing\n\n“Either [Jetta] is forgetting his place as a black guest in a white game… or it is something much deadlier”\n\nJetta, however, says he was very well aware of what he was doing. ", "The 26-year-old Nyoongar star has stated he was simply sticking up for good friend, Adam Goodes, when he directed a war dance at West Coast fans who were booing his mate for being “too deadly”.", "\n\nFIRST CASE: Adam Goodes scares “the greater AFL community with his “deadly” war dance\n\nTwo-time premiership player and dual Brownlow medallist, Adam Goodes was booed every time he touched the ball by the Eagles’ crowd during Sydney’s 52-point loss at Subiaco Oval on Sunday.", "\n\nIt was early in the final term when Jetta kicked Sydney’s sixth goal of the match and copied Goodes’s now famous Indigenous war cry from earlier in the season.", "\n\nA supporter was reportedly evicted from block 117 at Subiaco Oval after being reported to security by nearby spectators for allegedly racially taunting Goodes.", "\n\nHowever, in what can only be described as a massive inconvenience for the AFL, local Indigenous leaders have urged professional Indigenous footballers, from all codes, to continue throwing as many imaginary spears at racist fans as possible – as both the AFL and NRL head into their respective final rounds.", "\n\n“Who remembers when Wendell pretended to play the didgeridoo on the corner-post during the inaugural NRL All Stars match? ", "That’s how deadly we want this weekend to be” says a well-known Indigenous agitator.", "\n\n“Throw as many spears as possible, shake a leg, play the didge… let’s make them boo”\n\nIt is not yet known how Australian audiences will be able handle any hysteria that may arise if this deadly outbreak can not be contained.", "\n\nWendell celebrates his last ever NRL try by playing an imaginary didgeridoo, surrounded by the best players in the NRL\n\nOne Response to \"AFL Players In Quarantine After Deadly Outbreak In Sydney Swans Camp\"\n\nMitch August 25, 2015 at 9:22 pm\n\nThey will blame it all on racism, but at the end of the day they are playing an Australian game not a Aboriginal one, in my words i think they are being racist towards us white Australians and think they can do what ever they want, david akaminis was booed his whole carrier and He’s white and doesn’t blame it on racism, goodes is a sook and needs to worry about the ball, because all he’s thinking about is something that happend ages ago and doesn’t effect him, it’s like someone sprikled some milo in a 2L milk container, he’ll say he’s aboriginal but hang on buddy most of you is white, this is an australian game don’t sit down and not speak up because think your being racist have some pride Australians in our game." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

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[ "Quelle station\n\nQuelle is a railway station located in Bielefeld, Germany. ", "The station is on the Osnabrück–Bielefeld railway. ", "The train services are operated by NordWestBahn.", "\n\nTrain services\nThe following services currently call at Quelle:\n\nReferences \n\nCategory:Railway stations in North Rhine-Westphalia\nCategory:Buildings and structures in Bielefeld\nCategory:Railway stations opened in 1896" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }

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[ "Q:\n\nFloating table left and right same container\n\nI tried to make a footer for a Website im doing for shool. ", "I want to have something like the Impressum on the right and little images for social media on the left. ", "I made it work for the right side but I dont know why the images arent on the right side. ", "I already googled but the things they said didnt worked for me. ", " \nJSfiddle demo :\n<ul>\n <li><a>Irgendwas</a>\n </li>\n <li><a>Impressum</a>\n </li>\n <li><a><address>Erstellt von</address></a>\n </li>\n</ul>\n<ul id=\"socialmediaicons\">\n <li><a><img src=\"bilder/icons/facebook.svg\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\"></img></a>\n </li>\n <li><a><img src=\"bilder/icons/google+-with-circle.svg\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\"></img></a>\n </li>\n</ul>\n\nMy suggestion is to just place them outside the footer but I need to have them in there. ", "\n\nA:\n\nIf you want the pictures on the left as you mentioned first, add a class to the list items for the socialmedia icons and give it a display: inline-block that should do what you need. ", " If you want them on the right they are there.", "\n\n \r\n.leftFoot {\r\n display: inline-block;\r\n }\n<footer id=\"footer-wrapper\">\r\n <ul>\r\n <li><a>Irgendwas</a>\r\n </li>\r\n <li><a>Impressum</a>\r\n </li>\r\n <li><a><address>Erstellt von</address></a>\r\n </li>\r\n </ul>\r\n <ul id=\"socialmediaicons\">\r\n <li class=\"leftFoot\"><a><img src=\"bilder/icons/facebook.svg\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\"></img></a>\r\n </li>\r\n <li class=\"leftFoot\"><a><img src=\"bilder/icons/google+-with-circle.svg\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\"></img></a>\r\n </li>\r\n </ul>\r\n</footer>\n\n" ]

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[ "/* if require fn is available, it means we are in Node.js Land i.e. testing! */", "\n/* istanbul ignore next */\nif (typeof require !", "== 'undefined' && this.window !", "== this) {\n var { a, button, div, empty, footer, input, h1, header, label, li, mount,\n route, section, span, strong, text, ul } = require('./elmish.js');\n}\n\nvar initial_model = {\n todos: [],\n hash: \"#/\"\n}\n\n/**\n * `update` transforms the `model` based on the `action`.", "\n * @param {String} action - the desired action to perform on the model.", "\n * @param {String} data - the data we want to \"apply\" to the item.", "\n * @param {Object} model - the App's (current) model (or \"state\").", "\n * @return {Object} new_model - the transformed model.", "\n */\nfunction update(action, model, data) {\n var new_model = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(model)) // \"clone\" the model\n\n switch(action) {\n case 'ADD':\n var last = (typeof model.todos !", "== 'undefined' && model.todos.length > 0)\n ? ", "model.todos[model.todos.length - 1] : null;\n var id = last ? ", "last.id + 1 : 1;\n var input = document.getElementById('new-todo');\n new_model.todos = (new_model.todos && new_model.todos.length > 0)\n ? ", "new_model.todos : [];\n new_model.todos.push({\n id: id,\n title: data || input.value.trim(),\n done: false\n });\n break;\n case 'TOGGLE':\n new_model.todos.forEach(function (item) { // takes 1ms on a \"slow mobile\"\n if(item.id === data) { // this should only \"match\" one item.", "\n item.done = !", "item.done; // invert state of \"done\" e.g false >> true\n }\n });\n // if all todos are done=true then \"check\" the \"toggle-all\" checkbox:\n var all_done = new_model.todos.filter(function(item) {\n return item.done === false; // only care about items that are NOT done\n }).length;\n new_model.all_done = all_done === 0 ? ", "true : false;\n break;\n case 'TOGGLE_ALL':\n new_model.all_done = new_model.all_done ? ", "false : true;\n new_model.todos.forEach(function (item) { // takes 1ms on a \"slow mobile\"\n item.done = new_model.all_done;\n });\n break;\n case 'DELETE':\n // console.log('DELETE', data);\n new_model.todos = new_model.todos.filter(function (item) {\n return item.id !", "== data;\n });\n break;\n case 'EDIT':\n // this code is inspired by: https://stackoverflow.com/a/16033129/1148249\n // simplified as we are not altering the DOM!", "\n if (new_model.clicked && new_model.clicked === data &&\n Date.now() - 300 < new_model.click_time ) { // DOUBLE-CLICK < 300ms\n new_model.editing = data;\n }\n else { // first click\n new_model.clicked = data; // so we can check if same item clicked twice!", "\n new_model.click_time = Date.now(); // timer to detect double-click 300ms\n new_model.editing = false; // reset\n }\n break;\n case 'SAVE':\n var edit = document.getElementsByClassName('edit')[0];\n var value = edit.value;\n var id = parseInt(edit.id, 10);\n // End Editing\n new_model.clicked = false;\n new_model.editing = false;\n\n if (!", "value || value.length === 0) { // delete item if title is blank:\n return update('DELETE', new_model, id);\n }\n // update the value of the item.title that has been edited:\n new_model.todos = new_model.todos.map(function (item) {\n if (item.id === id && value && value.length > 0) {\n item.title = value.trim();\n }\n return item; // return all todo items.", "\n });\n break;\n case 'CANCEL':\n new_model.clicked = false;\n new_model.editing = false;\n break;\n case 'CLEAR_COMPLETED':\n new_model.todos = new_model.todos.filter(function (item) {\n return !", "item.done; // only return items which are item.done = false\n });\n break;\n case 'ROUTE':\n new_model.hash = // (window && window.location && window.location.hash) ?", "\n window.location.hash // : '#/';\n break;\n default: // if action unrecognised or undefined,\n return model; // return model unmodified\n } // see: https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/a/201786/211301\n return new_model;\n}\n\n/**\n * `render_item` creates an DOM \"tree\" with a single Todo List Item\n * using the \"elmish\" DOM functions (`li`, `div`, `input`, `label` and `button`)\n * returns an `<li>` HTML element with a nested `<div>` which in turn has the:\n * + `<input type=checkbox>` which lets users to \"Toggle\" the status of the item\n * + `<label>` which displays the Todo item text (`title`) in a `<text>` node\n * + `<button class=\"destroy\">` lets people \"delete\" a todo item.", "\n * see: https://github.com/dwyl/learn-elm-architecture-in-javascript/issues/52\n * @param {Object} item the todo item object\n * @param {Object} model - the App's (current) model (or \"state\").", "\n * @param {Function} singal - the Elm Architicture \"dispacher\" which will run\n * @return {Object} <li> DOM Tree which is nested in the <ul>.", "\n * @example\n * // returns <li> DOM element with <div>, <input>. ", "<label> & <button> nested\n * var DOM = render_item({id: 1, title: \"Build Todo List App\", done: false});\n */\nfunction render_item (item, model, signal) {\n return (\n li([\n \"data-id=\" + item.id,\n \"id=\" + item.id,\n item.done ? \"", "class=completed\" : \"\",\n model && model.editing && model.editing === item.id ? \"", "class=editing\" : \"\"\n ], [\n div([\"class=view\"], [\n input([\n item.done ? \"", "checked=true\" : \"\",\n \"class=toggle\",\n \"type=checkbox\",\n typeof signal === 'function' ? ", "signal('TOGGLE', item.id) : ''\n ], []), // <input> does not have any nested elements\n label([ typeof signal === 'function' ? ", "signal('EDIT', item.id) : '' ],\n [text(item.title)]),\n button([\"class=destroy\",\n typeof signal === 'function' ? ", "signal('DELETE', item.id) : ''])\n ]\n ), // </div>\n\n ].concat(model && model.editing && model.editing === item.id ? [ // ", "editing?", "\n input([\"class=edit\", \"id=\" + item.id, \"value=\" + item.title, \"autofocus\"])\n ] : []) // end concat()\n ) // </li>\n )\n}\n\n/**\n * `render_main` renders the `<section class=\"main\">` of the Todo List App\n * which contains all the \"main\" controls and the `<ul>` with the todo items.", "\n * @param {Object} model - the App's (current) model (or \"state\").", "\n * @param {Function} singal - the Elm Architicture \"dispacher\" which will run\n * @return {Object} <section> DOM Tree which containing the todo list <ul>, etc.", "\n */\nfunction render_main (model, signal) {\n // Requirement #1 - No Todos, should hide #footer and #main\n var display = \"style=display:\"\n + (model.todos && model.todos.length > 0 ? \"", "block\" : \"none\");\n\n return (\n section([\"class=main\", \"id=main\", display], [ // hide if no todo items.", "\n input([\"id=toggle-all\", \"type=checkbox\",\n typeof signal === 'function' ? ", "signal('TOGGLE_ALL') : '',\n (model.all_done ? \"", "checked=checked\" : \"\"),\n \"class=toggle-all\"\n ], []),\n label([\"for=toggle-all\"], [ text(\"Mark all as complete\") ]),\n ul([\"class=todo-list\"],\n (model.todos && model.todos.length > 0) ?", "\n model.todos\n .filter(function (item) {\n switch(model.hash) {\n case '#/active':\n return !", "item.done;\n case '#/completed':\n return item.done;\n default: // if hash doesn't match Active/Completed render ALL todos:\n return item;\n }\n })\n .map(function (item) {\n return render_item(item, model, signal)\n }) : null\n ) // </ul>\n ]) // </section>\n )\n}\n\n/**\n * `render_footer` renders the `<footer class=\"footer\">` of the Todo List App\n * which contains count of items to (still) to be done and a `<ul>` \"menu\"\n * with links to filter which todo items appear in the list view.", "\n * @param {Object} model - the App's (current) model (or \"state\").", "\n * @param {Function} singal - the Elm Architicture \"dispacher\" which will run\n * @return {Object} <section> DOM Tree which containing the <footer> element.", "\n * @example\n * // returns <footer> DOM element with other DOM elements nested:\n * var DOM = render_footer(model);\n */\nfunction render_footer (model, signal) {\n\n // count how many \"active\" (not yet done) items by filtering done === false:\n var done = (model.todos && model.todos.length > 0) ?", "\n model.todos.filter( function (i) { return i.done; }).length : 0;\n var count = (model.todos && model.todos.length > 0) ?", "\n model.todos.filter( function (i) { return !", "i.done; }).length : 0;\n\n // Requirement #1 - No Todos, should hide #footer and #main\n var display = (count > 0 || done > 0) ? \"", "block\" : \"none\";\n\n // number of completed items:\n var done = (model.todos && model.todos.length > 0) ?", "\n (model.todos.length - count) : 0;\n var display_clear = (done > 0) ? \"", "block;\" : \"none;\";\n\n // pluarisation of number of items:\n var left = (\" item\" + ( count > 1 || count === 0 ? ", "'s' : '') + \" left\");\n\n return (\n footer([\"class=footer\", \"id=footer\", \"style=display:\" + display], [\n span([\"class=todo-count\", \"id=count\"], [\n strong(count),\n text(left)\n ]),\n ul([\"class=filters\"], [\n li([], [\n a([\n \"href=#/\", \"id=all\", \"class=\" +\n (model.hash === '#/' ? \"", "selected\" : '')\n ],\n [text(\"All\")])\n ]),\n li([], [\n a([\n \"href=#/active\", \"id=active\", \"class=\" +\n (model.hash === '#/active' ? \"", "selected\" : '')\n ],\n [text(\"Active\")])\n ]),\n li([], [\n a([\n \"href=#/completed\", \"id=completed\", \"class=\" +\n (model.hash === '#/completed' ? \"", "selected\" : '')\n ],\n [text(\"Completed\")])\n ])\n ]), // </ul>\n button([\"class=clear-completed\", \"style=display:\" + display_clear,\n typeof signal === 'function' ? ", "signal('CLEAR_COMPLETED') : ''\n ],\n [\n text(\"Clear completed [\"),\n span([\"id=completed-count\"], [\n text(done)\n ]),\n text(\"]\")\n ]\n )\n ])\n )\n}\n\n/**\n * `view` renders the entire Todo List App\n * which contains count of items to (still) to be done and a `<ul>` \"menu\"\n * with links to filter which todo items appear in the list view.", "\n * @param {Object} model - the App's (current) model (or \"state\").", "\n * @param {Function} singal - the Elm Architicture \"dispacher\" which will run\n * @return {Object} <section> DOM Tree which containing all other DOM elements.", "\n * @example\n * // returns <section class=\"todo-app\"> DOM element with other DOM els nested:\n * var DOM = view(model);\n */\nfunction view (model, signal) {\n\n return (\n section([\"class=todoapp\"], [ // array of \"child\" elements\n header([\"class=header\"], [\n h1([], [\n text(\"todos\")\n ]), // </h1>\n input([\n \"id=new-todo\",\n \"class=new-todo\",\n \"placeholder=What needs to be done?\",", "\n \"autofocus\"\n ], []) // <input> is \"self-closing\"\n ]), // </header>\n render_main(model, signal),\n render_footer(model, signal)\n ]) // <section>\n );\n}\n\n/**\n * `subscriptions` let us \"listen\" for events such as \"key press\" or \"click\".", "\n * and respond according to a pre-defined update/action.", "\n * @param {Function} singal - the Elm Architicture \"dispacher\" which will run\n * both the \"update\" and \"render\" functions when invoked with singal(action)\n */\nfunction subscriptions (signal) {\n\tvar ENTER_KEY = 13; // add a new todo item when [Enter] key is pressed\n\tvar ESCAPE_KEY = 27; // used for \"escaping\" when editing a Todo item\n\n document.addEventListener('keyup', function handler (e) {\n // console.log('e.keyCode:', e.keyCode, '| key:', e.key);\n\n switch(e.keyCode) {\n case ENTER_KEY:\n var editing = document.getElementsByClassName('editing');\n if (editing && editing.length > 0) {\n signal('SAVE')(); // invoke singal inner callback\n }\n\n var new_todo = document.getElementById('new-todo');\n if(new_todo.value.length > 0) {\n signal('ADD')(); // invoke singal inner callback\n new_todo.value = ''; // reset <input> so we can add another todo\n document.getElementById('new-todo').focus();\n }\n break;\n case ESCAPE_KEY:\n signal('CANCEL')();\n break;\n }\n });\n\n window.onhashchange = function route () {\n signal('ROUTE')();\n }\n}\n\n/* module.exports is needed to run the functions using Node.js for testing! */", "\n/* istanbul ignore next */\nif (typeof module !", "== 'undefined' && module.exports) {\n module.exports = {\n model: initial_model,\n update: update,\n render_item: render_item, // export so that we can unit test\n render_main: render_main, // export for unit testing\n render_footer: render_footer, // export for unit testing\n subscriptions: subscriptions,\n view: view\n }\n}\n" ]

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[ "Migraine affects one in four women, and one in ten men, over a lifetime. ", "It also causes considerable suffering. ", "Like many diseases that mainly affect women, it is poorly understood. ", "But the very fact that migraine is more frequent in women can yield clues to its origins. ", "Migraine is more severe during the reproductive years, but improves after menopause. ", "It worsens around menstruation, but improves during pregnancy. ", "This suggests a hormonal role in its origins. ", "We propose to study the role of the female sex hormones estrogen and progesterone in cortical spreading depression (CSD), the event thought to underlie certain forms of migraine. ", "The goal is to understand the process specifically in women, as they suffer most from this disease. ", "Using a technique called optical intrinsic signal imaging (OIS), we can directly image CSD in mice. ", "We can use this mouse model to study the role of estrogen and progesterone in CSD. ", "Our preliminary data suggests an inhibitory effect of progesterone on CSD, and estrogen is known to be excitatory to neuronal preparations, thus there is a rational basis for this study. ", "We propose that the different levels of these hormones over the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and menopause cause changes in the susceptibility to CSD. ", "We will test this by measuring threshold for and response to CSD at these different stages in female mice. ", "Next, we will evaluate the effect of these hormones on CSD in male and ovariectomized female mice, in order to isolate their roles without the effect of endogenous hormones. ", "We will also examine the effects of estrogen and progesterone on the surface vessels of the brain during CSD. ", "These vessels are thought to respond to CSD in such a way that they generate the pain felt by the migraine sufferer. ", "A hormonal role is possible in these changes, as estrogen is a potent vasodilator. ", "Finally, we will evaluate the effects of estrogen and progesterone on astrocyte calcium waves, which propagate in a manner remarkably similar to CSD. ", "As astrocytes respond to both estrogen and progesterone, it is possible that they participate in the hormonal modulation of migraine. ", "We will test the effects of estrogen and progesterone in brain slices and in culture. ", "It is hoped that these experiments will shed light on the basic mechanisms of migraine, in particular the question of why migraine affects women so much more than men." ]

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[ "With the tablet market slowing and vendors competing harder for tablet sales, Korean technology giant Samsung Electronics Corp. is tweaking the size on its new flagship tablet to take it head-to-head with Apple’s iPad Air 2.", "\n\nAccording to IDC’s Worldwide Quarterly Tablet Tracker, worldwide tablet shipments for the first quarter of 2015 was 47.1 million shipments, a 5.9 per cent decline over the same quarter one year ago. ", "Cellular-enabled tablets remained a bright spot. ", "Apple was on top with 26.8 per cent of the market, followed by Samsung at 19.1 per cent.", "\n\nIt’s into this environment that Samsung is launching its latest tablet, the Galaxy Tab S2. ", "It boasts a Super AMOLED display with a thin, lightweight metal frame and runs Android 5.0 Lollipop.", "\n\n“The Galaxy Tab S2 is not only our thinnest and lightest tablet of its size ever, it also gives users quick, easy access to a wealth of superior viewing and productivity features,” said JK Shin, CEO and president of the IT and mobile division at Samsung, in a statement. “", "We believe the Samsung Galaxy Tab S2 is the most complete personal visual device designed for consumers to carry and use anywhere.”", "\n\nTwo new models are being launched; one with a 9.7” display and the other with an 8” display. ", "The 9.7” model measures 169 x 237.3 x 5.6 mm; the Wi-Fi model weighs 389g and the LTE model weighs 392g. That’s thinner and lighter than the iPad Air 2, which also has a 9.7” display, and measures 240 x 169.5 x 6.1 mm, with the Wi-Fi model weighing 437g and the cellular model 444g. Samsung’s 8” model is also 5.6 mm thin and weighs 2.65g/272g.\n\nBoth models feature a 2048×1536 QXGA Super AMOLED display that Samsung said tries to recreate the print media viewing experience to make it more comfortable to read digital content such as e-books and magazines. ", "It also uses adaptive display technology to intelligently the display based on factors such as the application you’re using, as well as the viewing environment and ambient lighting. ", "There’s also a reading mode that adjusts the brightness level to reduce eye strain during extended periods of use.", "\n\nSamsung tends to put more of a focus on productivity than Apple, and the Tab S2 will come pre-loaded with several Microsoft Office applications, as well as up to 100GB of OneDrive cloud storage for two years. ", "Like the iPad Air 2, the Tab S2 comes with a touch-enabled fingerprint scanner for biometric authentication.", "\n\nBoth models come with 3GB of RAM, and users can choose between 32 or 64GB of internal storage, with microSD up to 128GB also supported.", "\n\nJeff Jedras is a technology journalist with IT World Canada and a member of the IT Business team. ", "He began his career in technology journalism in the late 1990s, covering the Ottawa technology sector for Silicon Valley North and the Ottawa Business Journal. ", "He later covered the technology scene in Vancouver before joining IT World Canada in Toronto in 2005, covering enterprise IT for ComputerWorld Canada and the channel for Computer Dealer News. ", "His writing has also appeared in the Vancouver Sun & the Ottawa Citizen." ]

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[ "Manifesto\n\nBusiness card for a small architect's studio. ", "The office moved location according to circumstances so the card was designed with blank lines so that the relevant address could be filled in later. ", "The mixture of handwritten and printed text also reflects the personal and informal style of the architect and his way of working." ]

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[ "my harley has so much chrome the sunshine hurts my eyes when I ride\n\n831 shares" ]

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[ "Sunday Draft\n\nEvent Navigation\n\nEvery Sunday evening, we host a Magic: the Gathering booster draft at our Powelton Village location. ", "Players are separated into pods of as close to eight players each as possible, and are provided with the boosters necessary to play as part of their admission. ", "The Sunday draft has a Planeswalker Points multiplier of x1.", "\n\nThis event uses two boosters of Aether Revolt and one booster of Kaladesh." ]

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[ "Belles\n\nBelles is a small village in the Caribbean island nation of Dominica. ", " It is located at and is a part of the country's St. Joseph administrative division. ", " Its population is 500. ", "Belles is a historical site for a few reasons. ", "It is a major part of the highway system to the northern part of the island. ", "The roads were blocked many years ago by Rastafarians who were not happy with the government. ", "Many of them escaped to Jaco Flats and used it for refuge. ", "This is a site that was used by the Maroons hundreds of years ago. ", "As of 2016, the Esprit and Benjamin families own and control a majority of the private land.", "\n\nHistory\n\nName \nThe Creole name for the town is Norway (pronounced as \"nor-way\". ", " Belles previously named Bassinville got its modern name from Henry Hesketh Bell. ", "This village is located near the center of the island. ", "The main highway Nicholas Liverpool Highway runs north to Marigot. ", "If the road is taken south, it ends up in Roseau, the capital of the island. ", "There is a Catholic church in the village. ", "It is dedicated to Saint Peter Donders (constructed 1929). ", "The feast of Belles 'fete Belles' is celebrated yearly in the village. ", "People come from near and far to celebrate. ", "In recent years, the community, which was heavily dependent on agriculture, remains a significant contributor towards agricultural development on the island.", "\n\nThe Road \n\nAn excerpt from Lenox Honychurch, the islands most notable historian states that; By early 1947 the road cutting had only reached the hill at D’Leau Gommier and all of the money had disappeared. ", "In three years of work the road had only progressed about a mile and a half. ", "The project closed down and it was not resurrected for almost a decade. ", "People spoke of \"bobol\" and they sang about it in two famous \"chantè mas\" during the masquerade of 1947: \"Sa ki twavai Norway!\" ", "and \"Si ou té Norway sa ou téké fè?", "\n\nLocal School \n\nBelles houses a small government school. ", "It is government sponsored and a majority of local residents attend. ", "Many years ago, students walked many miles to school. ", "This is no longer the case. ", "The school department chatters local buses for the transportation of teachers and students. ", " The primary school got a donation of refurbished computers in 2013.", "\n\nReferences \n\nCategory:Populated places in Dominica\nCategory:Saint Joseph Parish, Dominica" ]

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[ "A 29-year-old Massachusetts woman is in critical condition after she got out of a moving Uber vehicle in Boston's O'Neill Tunnel Monday morning and was struck by a car, police said.", "\n\nThe woman was taking an Uber from Logan International Airport to her home in Mattapan when she exited the SUV on I-93 southbound just before Exit 23 sometime before 7:39 a.m., Massachusetts State Police said.", "\n\nWhile police said the vehicle was being used as for Uber, the ridesharing company said it has no record of this trip on their platform and are reaching out to state police.", "\n\nThe woman suffered life-threatening injuries and was taken to Tufts Medical Center. ", "Police had earlier reported the woman was taken to Massachusetts General Hospital.", "\n\nThe rideshare driver, who was only identified as a 27-year-old woman driving a 2012 Mazda CX9, stayed at the scene, as did the male driver of the Jeep Cherokee that hit the pedestrian, police said. ", "They interviewed both drivers and are still investigating why the woman exited the vehicle in the tunnel.", "\n\nThere are no traffic cameras where the incident took place.", "\n\nThe incident caused traffic to snarl on Interstate 93 southbound and two middle lanes were temporarily closed.", "\n\nThe investigation is ongoing." ]

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[ "Wenxiang\n\nWenxiang (, ; born October 16, 1818 in Liaoyang, died May 26, 1876). ", "Manchu statesman during the late Qing dynasty. ", "Wenxiang hailed from the Gūwalgiya clan and belonged to the Plain Red Banner in the Eight Banners in Mukden. ", "In 1845, he obtained the highest degree (jinshi) in the imperial examination and four years later he was appointed to the Board of Works. ", "He advanced through the ranks and in 1858, he was appointed vice president to the Board of Rites and also became a member of the Grand Council, the highest policy-making organ in the Empire. ", "He subsequently held a number of prominent posts in the central government and became a key player in court politics.", "\n\nAs foreign troops invaded Beijing during the Second Opium War and the Xianfeng Emperor fled to Chengde, Wenxiang remained in the capital and took part in negotiating with the British and French. ", "Following the peace settlement, he became one of the founders of the new Qing foreign office, the Zongli Yamen. ", "He was one of the architects behind the Self-strengthening movement and was instrumental in devising the Qing government's cooperative policy towards the Western powers in the period 1861-76.", "\n\nReferences\n\n Crossley, Pamela Kyle, ''Orphan Warriors' (1990), 141-146..\n\nCategory:1818 births\nCategory:1876 deaths\nCategory:Manchu politicians\nCategory:Politicians from Liaoyang\nCategory:Qing dynasty politicians from Liaoning\nCategory:Ministers of Zongli Yamen" ]

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[ "Conformer selection of protein ions by ion mobility in a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer.", "\nElectrospray mass spectra of multiply charged protein molecules show two distinct charge state distributions proposed to correspond to a more highly charged, open conformational form and a lower charged, folded form. ", "Elastic collisions carried out in the radiofrequency-only collision cell of a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer have dramatic effects on the appearance of the mass spectra. ", "The different cross sectional areas of the conformers allow preferential selection of one charge state distribution over the other on the basis of ion mobility. ", "Preferential selection is dependent on the nature and pressure of the target gas as well as the nature of the protein. ", "In the case of positively charged horse heart apomyoglobin (MW 16,951 da), a high charge state distribution centered around (M + 20H)(20+) predominates at low target gas pressures and a second distribution centered around (M + 10H)(10+) predominates at high target gas pressures. ", "Bimodal distributions are observed at intermediate pressures and, remarkably, charge states between the two distributions are not effectively populated under most of the conditions examined. ", "Hard sphere collision calculations show large differences in collision frequencies and in the corresponding kinetic energy losses for the two conformational states and they demonstrate that the observed charge state selectivity can be explained through elastic collisions." ]

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[ "Anthony Ballantoni\n\nMid-Pack Attack\n\nMid-Pack: Camping World RV 301\n\nTrack history:New Hampshire International Speedway (original name), the first superspeedway started in the U.S. since 1969, broke ground on August 13, 1989 and was ready for racing the next year. ", "It is a 1.058-mile asphalt oval with 12-degree banking in the turns. ", "The 1,500-foot frontstretch and backstretch are banked two degrees. ", "The seating for 55,000 fans in the grandstands on opening day has been increased to its current 95,000 capacity.", "\n\nThe NASCAR Nationwide Series held its first race, the Budweiser 300, on July 15, 1990. ", "Tommy Ellis drove the No. ", "99 Goo Goo Clusters Buick to the victory in that event. ", "For the next three years, the Nationwide Series was joined by CART and IRL at the Loudon track. ", "The speedway hosted its first NASCAR Cup race in July 1993.", "\n\nIn the mid-to-late 1990’s, several improvements were made at the facility. ", "A 1.6 mile road course was added for motorcycles and sports cars. ", "Four helipads, an expanded Corporate Hospitality area, VIP suites, an additional 52 bay garage and more grandstands were built. ", "More parking and a five-lane access road were constructed.", "\n\nIn early 2008, Speedway Motorsports, Inc. acquired the track and officially changed the name to New Hampshire Motor Speedway.", "\n\nJuly 11, 1993: After driving the No. ", "6 Valvoline Ford to a 126.871 mph qualifying lap, Mark Martin started on the pole for the first Loudon NASCAR Cup race, the Slick 50 300. ", "He led 29 of the 300 laps and finished second. ", "Rusty Wallace started the No. ", "2 Miller Genuine Draft Pontiac 33rd in the lineup, got to the front to lead 106 laps and earned the victory.", "\n\nJuly 15, 2012:Kasey Kahne won the Lenox Industrial Tools 301 from second in the lineup. ", "It was the No. ", "5 Chevrolet driver’s second victory in 2012 and his first in 17 starts at Loudon. ", "Drivers leading five or more laps: No. ", "24 Jeff Gordon 5 laps, finished sixth; Winner Kahne led 66 laps; Pole-sitter No. ", "18 Kyle Busch led 72 laps, finished 16th and No. ", "11 Denny Hamlin led the most laps (150 of 301) and finished second.", "\n\nFantasy games won’t allow you to pick all track favorites so Mid-Pack Attack is here to help. ", "A mid-packer may not win the race but has as good a shot at a top 20 finish as track favorites Jeff Gordon, Denny Hamlin, Jimmie Johnson, Brad Keselowski and Tony Stewart. ", "There were 43 cars on the preliminary entry list for this weekend’s Cup race. ", "Here are our picks for Sunday’s Camping World RV Sales 301 in Loudon, New Hampshire.", "\n\nMid-Pack picks\n\nBrian Vickers' career statistics at Loudon are not impressive. ", "In 15 Sprint Cup starts at the track he has a 20.3 average finish. ", "But, since he started his part-time ride with Michael Waltrip Racing in 2012, he finished 15th and ninth at NHMS. ", "He spent about 2/3 of the time running in the top 15 in those races. ", "In 2013, aside from his wreck at Kentucky (credited with a 31st place), Vickers has been holding up his share in the No. ", "55 Toyota with good runs. ", "He scored an eighth at Bristol, an 11th at Martinsville and a 13th at Sonoma. ", "We think Vickers is a good choice for another 15th or better on Sunday.", "\n\nAs noted above in Track Facts, Jeff Burton made his Sprint Cup Series debut at Loudon on July 11, 1993. ", "One of only four drivers entered this week who have started all 36 NSCS races at the track, he leads the series with four NHMS wins. ", "During his most recent win (September 2000), Burton led all 300 laps. ", "No driver has led 100% of the laps in a Cup race at any track since. ", "That was over a dozen years ago, but the No. ", "31 Chevrolet SS driver's worst finish in the last seven races here was a 21st place last July. ", "The other six resulted in a 16th place or better. ", "You could say Burton has a decent shot at a top-20 on Sunday.", "\n\nOur border-line \"cheesy pick\" of the week (he's 16th in the points) goes to Ryan Newman. ", "In the last 10 races at the \"Magic Mile\", he had a few finishes south of 25th place but he also scored one win, two poles and six top-10 finishes. ", "After the Dover race (five races ago) Newman was 20th in the points. ", "He finished fifth at Pocono, 18th at Michigan, 15th at Sonoma, 14th at Kentucky and a 10th place last week in the Daytona night race. ", "He's on a mission to claim a spot in the 12-driver Chase for the Sprint Cup. ", "A repeat of his two 10th place finishes scored here in 2012 will bring the No. ", "39 Chevrolet SS driver a lot closer to that goal.", "\n\nIn his first five starts at New Hampshire Motor Speedway, AJ Allmendinger couldn't buy a good finish. ", "His best was a 25th. ", "The last four finishes were just the opposite; 10th, 10th, 12th and 21st. ", "It looks like he figured out the flat track. ", "AJ made only eight starts so far this season. ", "Aside from getting caught up a Big One last week at Daytona and a mechanical problem at Pocono, he finished in the top-20 in five of the other six races. ", "We're expecting him to bring the No. ", "51 Chevrolet SS home somewhere in that range this week as well.", "\n\nTrack history:New Hampshire International Speedway (original name), the first superspeedway started in the U.S. since 1969, broke ground on August 13, 1989 and was ready for racing the next year. ", "It is a 1.058-mile asphalt oval with 12-degree banking in the turns. ", "The 1,500-foot frontstretch and backstretch are banked two degrees. ", "The seating for 55,000 fans in the grandstands on opening day has been increased to its current 95,000 capacity.", "\n\nThe NASCAR Nationwide Series held its first race, the Budweiser 300, on July 15, 1990. ", "Tommy Ellis drove the No. ", "99 Goo Goo Clusters Buick to the victory in that event. ", "For the next three years, the Nationwide Series was joined by CART and IRL at the Loudon track. ", "The speedway hosted its first NASCAR Cup race in July 1993.", "\n\nIn the mid-to-late 1990’s, several improvements were made at the facility. ", "A 1.6 mile road course was added for motorcycles and sports cars. ", "Four helipads, an expanded Corporate Hospitality area, VIP suites, an additional 52 bay garage and more grandstands were built. ", "More parking and a five-lane access road were constructed.", "\n\nIn early 2008, Speedway Motorsports, Inc. acquired the track and officially changed the name to New Hampshire Motor Speedway.", "\n\nJuly 11, 1993: After driving the No. ", "6 Valvoline Ford to a 126.871 mph qualifying lap, Mark Martin started on the pole for the first Loudon NASCAR Cup race, the Slick 50 300. ", "He led 29 of the 300 laps and finished second. ", "Rusty Wallace started the No. ", "2 Miller Genuine Draft Pontiac 33rd in the lineup, got to the front to lead 106 laps and earned the victory.", "\n\nJuly 15, 2012:Kasey Kahne won the Lenox Industrial Tools 301 from second in the lineup. ", "It was the No. ", "5 Chevrolet driver’s second victory in 2012 and his first in 17 starts at Loudon. ", "Drivers leading five or more laps: No. ", "24 Jeff Gordon 5 laps, finished sixth; Winner Kahne led 66 laps; Pole-sitter No. ", "18 Kyle Busch led 72 laps, finished 16th and No. ", "11 Denny Hamlin led the most laps (150 of 301) and finished second.", "\n\nFantasy games won’t allow you to pick all track favorites so Mid-Pack Attack is here to help. ", "A mid-packer may not win the race but has as good a shot at a top 20 finish as track favorites Jeff Gordon, Denny Hamlin, Jimmie Johnson, Brad Keselowski and Tony Stewart. ", "There were 43 cars on the preliminary entry list for this weekend’s Cup race. ", "Here are our picks for Sunday’s Camping World RV Sales 301 in Loudon, New Hampshire.", "\n\nMid-Pack picks\n\nBrian Vickers' career statistics at Loudon are not impressive. ", "In 15 Sprint Cup starts at the track he has a 20.3 average finish. ", "But, since he started his part-time ride with Michael Waltrip Racing in 2012, he finished 15th and ninth at NHMS. ", "He spent about 2/3 of the time running in the top 15 in those races. ", "In 2013, aside from his wreck at Kentucky (credited with a 31st place), Vickers has been holding up his share in the No. ", "55 Toyota with good runs. ", "He scored an eighth at Bristol, an 11th at Martinsville and a 13th at Sonoma. ", "We think Vickers is a good choice for another 15th or better on Sunday.", "\n\nAs noted above in Track Facts, Jeff Burton made his Sprint Cup Series debut at Loudon on July 11, 1993. ", "One of only four drivers entered this week who have started all 36 NSCS races at the track, he leads the series with four NHMS wins. ", "During his most recent win (September 2000), Burton led all 300 laps. ", "No driver has led 100% of the laps in a Cup race at any track since. ", "That was over a dozen years ago, but the No. ", "31 Chevrolet SS driver's worst finish in the last seven races here was a 21st place last July. ", "The other six resulted in a 16th place or better. ", "You could say Burton has a decent shot at a top-20 on Sunday.", "\n\nOur border-line \"cheesy pick\" of the week (he's 16th in the points) goes to Ryan Newman. ", "In the last 10 races at the \"Magic Mile\", he had a few finishes south of 25th place but he also scored one win, two poles and six top-10 finishes. ", "After the Dover race (five races ago) Newman was 20th in the points. ", "He finished fifth at Pocono, 18th at Michigan, 15th at Sonoma, 14th at Kentucky and a 10th place last week in the Daytona night race. ", "He's on a mission to claim a spot in the 12-driver Chase for the Sprint Cup. ", "A repeat of his two 10th place finishes scored here in 2012 will bring the No. ", "39 Chevrolet SS driver a lot closer to that goal.", "\n\nIn his first five starts at New Hampshire Motor Speedway, AJ Allmendinger couldn't buy a good finish. ", "His best was a 25th. ", "The last four finishes were just the opposite; 10th, 10th, 12th and 21st. ", "It looks like he figured out the flat track. ", "AJ made only eight starts so far this season. ", "Aside from getting caught up a Big One last week at Daytona and a mechanical problem at Pocono, he finished in the top-20 in five of the other six races. ", "We're expecting him to bring the No. ", "51 Chevrolet SS home somewhere in that range this week as well." ]

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[ "Auburn Tigers women's gymnastics\n\nThe Auburn Tigers women's gymnastics team represents Auburn University in the sport of gymnastics. ", "The team competes in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletics Association (NCAA) and the Southeastern Conference (SEC). ", "The Tigers host their home meets at the Auburn Arena on the school's main Auburn campus. ", "The team is currently led by head coach Jeff Graba. ", "In their four decades of history, the Tigers have made four appearances at the National Championships; making the Super Six twice.", "\n\nHistory \nAuburn Gymnastics history dates back to the late 1890s but the Auburn Tigers gymnastics program wasn't founded until 1965 by Edwin Bengston; a kinesiology lecturer at the University and weightlifter. ", "After a successful few years of competition, the program was discontinued. ", "In 1974, the program was reinstated by Bengston; Title IX providing the first form of financial aid of $150 to Jeanne Denoon-Amos.", "\n\nRoster\n\nHead Coach: Jeff Graba\nAssistant Coach: Kurt Hettinger\nAssistant Coach: Ashley Johnston\n\nReferences \n\n \nCategory:1974 establishments in Alabama\nCategory:Sports clubs established in 1974" ]

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[ "Title: Submachines\n\nAfter attending a presentation about the QP state machine tool, we decided that\nit would be helpful to allow for sub-state machines, which can not only improve\na machine's modularity but also guarantee the impossibility of undesirable\nstate changes, as well as allow the possibility of minor code reuse.", "\n\nThe proposed syntax follows:\n\nM {\n _ [ ... ],\n *A [ ... ],\n B [ ... ],\n C [\n a --> A,\n b --> B,\n d ~(@become)~> M' --> D\n ],\n D [ ... ],\n\n M' {\n *A' [ b --> B' ],\n B' [\n a --> A',\n d ~~>\n ],\n _ [ ... ]\n }\n}\n\nThe key syntax additions are: 1) to permit state machine declarators as peers\nto state declarators, 2) the ~(...)~> \"become\" operator (alternate syntax ~~>),\nwhich invokes a submachine when supplied inline or by name, and 3) which when\nnone is supplied is called \"unbecome\", and marks an accepting state in a\nsubmachine, and an exit to the proximate state of the supermachine.", "\n\nThe semantics allow for submachine access only from supermachines; no peer\naccess nor supermachine access is permitted. ", " A submachine is equivalent to a\ntransformer on its supermachine's type, so any cross-machine access would be\nequivalent to a type error. ", " The submachine must be a subtype, such that it\nmust accept the events of its supermachine, but can declare additional events\nwhose scope is restricted to tho supermachine. ", " This makes the submachine\nan isolated subgraph connected to the overall state graph.", "\n\nThe become operator should be able to take optional side effects in the usual\nform, e.g. ~(M'.b)~>, to facilitate initialization of submachines.", "\n\nThe become operation can have a trailing dash or arrow, indicating side effects\nto perform after an unbecome, and a destination state.", "\n\nThere is a tradeoff with multi-use submachines. ", " Because of the deterministic\nnature, while multiple source events can enter the same submachine, their\nsupermachine destination states must be stored somewhere. ", " There are two\nalternative implementations: a word of RAM for each submachine (unneeded for a\nsingle instance), or total code duplication for every use. ", " Both of these\npreserve the semantics, so in general simpler is better - the tradeoff comes\nfrom the use of CSR 8670, which has 1024 words of code for every word of RAM.", "\nAs such, from a resource tradeoff standpoint it actually makes more sense to\nduplicate the code until more than 1024 words are used, at which point RAM\nwould be preferred. ", " As a data point, two example state machines consume the\nfollowing amount of resources:\n\n160 code words for simplest (8 states x 7 events)\n719 code words for largest (18 states x 20 events)\n\nAs such, the first could be used 6 times before it would make sense to use RAM\ninstead, whereas the second could be used twice before RAM would be better.", "\n\n-------------------------------------------------------------------------------\nNote: This addresses 14 by giving a good solution to the problem. ", "With\nthis, we can choose the precedence order:\n\nstate|event\n-----|-----\nnamed|named\n _ |named\nnamed| _\n _ | _\n\n" ]

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