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[ "Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death from gynaecologic malignancies in the United States ([@bib2]). ", "Early detection of ovarian cancer remains a challenge because disease symptoms are vague and no reliable screening tests are currently available. ", "As a consequence, only 15% of ovarian malignancies are detected at a localised stage when the disease can be cured successfully with a 5-year survival rate of 92%. ", "Unfortunately, most patients are diagnosed with regional or distant disease, with 5-year survival rates of 73% and 29%, respectively ([@bib2]). ", "Nevertheless, although advanced ovarian cancer has a poor prognosis, cases with similar clinical and histopathological characteristics do not necessarily respond the same way to a given treatment, and some patients experience very long survival ([@bib40]). ", "Given the uncertainties regarding the aetiology of ovarian cancer, the difficulties in early detection, and its current low survival rates, particularly when not diagnosed at an early stage, understanding the impact of modifiable factors that could improve survival among women diagnosed with ovarian cancer is of great significance.", "\n\nOverall, there is growing evidence that obesity increases the risk of ovarian cancer, with several recent pooled analyses ([@bib43]; [@bib12]; [@bib33]) and meta-analyses ([@bib37]; [@bib3]; [@bib27]) reporting consistent associations. ", "However, the impact of body mass index (BMI) on ovarian cancer survival remains inconclusive ([@bib39]), likely due to differences in methodology and the complexity of the association. ", "Overall, several meta-analyses have generally suggested that obesity before an ovarian cancer diagnosis might be associated with lower survival, with weaker evidence for BMI at diagnosis ([@bib47]; [@bib38]; [@bib5]), which has been attributed to ascites and cachexia confounding the association ([@bib5]; [@bib39]). ", "An additional issue typically overlooked in these reports is that bowel obstruction, in some cases aggravated by inability to maintain oral intake and cachexia, is an end-of-life complication in advanced ovarian cancer ([@bib1]). ", "Thus, it might be expected that the association of BMI and ovarian cancer survival would be different in early stage and advanced-stage patients. ", "However, few studies have evaluated possible effect modification by disease stage. ", "Furthermore, the majority of these studies did not have optimal study designs (e.g., based on cases in clinical trials that tend to underrepresent obese, minority women, and subjects with severe comorbidities), many relied on self-reported weight and height, most of them were able to include only women well enough to participate, and did not adjust for key prognostic factors such as treatment, and some of the previous studies even used proxy interviews likely leading to substantial misclassification.", "\n\nThe objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of BMI on survival, using weight and height measurements collected during patient encounters by a medical professional and other detailed clinical information in a large cohort of ovarian cancer patients, and to examine effects by key clinical characteristics.", "\n\nMaterials and methods\n=====================\n\nThe Kaiser Permanente Research on Ovarian Cancer Survival (KP-ROCS) Study is a cohort study of ovarian cancer patients diagnosed at Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC), and has been described in detail elsewhere ([@bib6], [@bib7]). ", "In brief, invasive primary epithelial ovarian cancer cases at age 21 years or older and diagnosed between January 2000 and May 2013 were identified through the KPNC Cancer Registry. ", "Data on weight and height or BMI at each patient encounter, information on diagnoses, clinical characteristics, clinical procedures, comorbidities, treatment, prescription medication use, laboratory results, and use of health-care services was obtained from the KPNC Virtual Data Warehouse files, research databases that include extracts of clinical databases from multiple sources at KPNC. ", "To maximise treatment data completeness, women who were not KPNC members at diagnosis (i.e., became members after diagnosis), or who left KPNC before full standard chemotherapy treatment could have been completed, were excluded, resulting in a cohort of 2299 cases.", "\n\nMain exposures of interest\n--------------------------\n\nStarting in 2002, KPNC began to include measured weight and height during patient visits in electronic records for members who had an encounter with the medical care system. ", "We calculated BMI based on weight and height data as weight in kilograms (kg) divided by the square of height in meters (m) or used the BMI value if that was the available data on the electronic record. ", "In instances where weight was available, but a contemporaneous height measurement was not, we used the height measurement closest to the weight measurement to calculate BMI. ", "By 2005, with the introduction of the electronic medical record system, KP HealthConnect, almost 90% of the cases had their BMI data recorded electronically. ", "Therefore, while we excluded some earlier cases for not having BMI data, this was not related to patient characteristics, but rather to changes in electronic medical record procedures, as shown in [Supplementary Table 1](#sup1){ref-type=\"supplementary-material\"}.", "\n\nTiming of available BMI data was dependent on patient visits. ", "We operationalised the variables BMI at diagnosis and 'usual' prediagnosis BMI as follows: for *BMI at diagnosis* we used the measurement closest to the diagnosis date and within 6 months before diagnosis, or, if BMI was not available during that period, the closest measurement to diagnosis within 2 months after diagnosis and before treatment. ", "We excluded 453 (19.7%) cases that did not have BMI at diagnosis using that definition, resulting in a sample of 1846 cases. ", "For 'usual' prediagnosis BMI we used the average value of BMI measures during the period 1--5 years before diagnosis. ", "We compared characteristics of cases without BMI, with BMI only at diagnosis and with BMI before and at diagnosis ([Supplementary Table 1](#sup1){ref-type=\"supplementary-material\"}) and found similar distributions by major demographic and clinical characteristics, except for the date at diagnosis, confirming that the lack of BMI data was related to the timing of implementation of recording weight and height in electronic medical records rather than to patient characteristics. ", "Therefore, we limited our analyses to cases that had BMI information before diagnosis and at diagnosis (*n*=1184), for consistency when comparing results.", "\n\nOutcomes\n--------\n\nThe main outcomes of interest were ovarian cancer-specific mortality and overall mortality identified through the KPNC Mortality Linkage System, which includes date of death and ICD-10 coded underlying cause of death, through December 2014. ", "Up to that date, 609 deaths, 518 from ovarian cancer, were identified in our cohort during a median follow-up of 37 months. ", "This study was approved by the Institutional Review Boards of KPNC and Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey.", "\n\nStatistical analysis\n--------------------\n\nBody mass index was categorised according to World Health Organisation (WHO) definitions into \\<18.5 kg m^−2^ (underweight), 18.5--24.9 kg m^−2^ (normal weight), 25--29.9 kg m^−2^ (overweight), 30--34.9 kg m^−2^ (obese class I), 35--39.9 kg m^−2^ (obese class II), and ⩾40 kg m^−2^ (obese class III) ([@bib21]). ", "Only 27 of the cases (2.3%) were underweight (10 before diagnosis, 21 at diagnosis, and 4 in both periods; data not shown). ", "Therefore, underweight cases were excluded from analyses because numbers were too small to provide meaningful insight into the impact of underweight. ", "Distributions of demographic and clinical characteristics were compared among categories of BMI using *χ*^2^ or Fisher's exact test, as appropriate. ", "Mean age at diagnosis across categories of BMI were compared using ANOVA.", "\n\nSurvival time was calculated from the date of diagnosis to the date of death or the end of the follow-up period (December 2014). ", "Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox proportional hazard regression models for categories of BMI. ", "Potential covariates considered included age at diagnosis, race/ethnicity, AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) stage, grade, histology, post-treatment CA125 as a marker of residual disease ([@bib41]; [@bib36]), surgery type, chemotherapy (none, paclitaxel+carboplatin regimen, other regimen), and presence of comorbidities (e.g., diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, renal disease). ", "We focused on comorbidities known to be related to obesity, to impair chemotherapy dosing or survival ([@bib45]), or to occur commonly among ovarian cancer patients ([@bib9]). ", "We also adjusted for time in months from the time of BMI measurement (or average time in the case of usual prediagnosis BMI) to diagnosis. ", "We also considered as covariates ascites (ICD-9 code: 789.5), cachexia (ICD-9: 799.4), and bowel obstruction (ICD-9: 560) occurring from 3 years before diagnosis to the end of follow-up. ", "In sensitivity analyses we excluded women who had these conditions before diagnosis. ", "We conducted stratified analyses to evaluate effect modification by stage, ascites, bowel obstruction, histologic type, and race/ethnicity. ", "To maintain adequate statistical power in stratified analyses we combined the categories of class II and III obesity. ", "Analyses were also repeated excluding women with a diagnosis of cachexia. ", "All statistical tests were two-sided. ", "SAS version 9.3 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA) was used for analyses.", "\n\nResults\n=======\n\nDemographic and clinical characteristics by prediagnosis BMI are shown in [Table 1](#tbl1){ref-type=\"table\"}. ", "Approximately 36% of cases were obese (BMI\\>30 kg m^−2^) before diagnosis and 33% at diagnosis; 33% had ascites at diagnosis. ", "Only 82 cases (7%) had cachexia, most of them after the ovarian cancer diagnosis (98%). ", "Bowel obstruction occurred in 412 cases (36%) during the study window, with 77% occurring after the ovarian cancer diagnosis. ", "Comparing BMI before and at diagnosis, 74% remained in the same BMI category, whereas 18% lost sufficient weight from prediagnosis to the time of diagnosis to move to a lower category of BMI and 8% moved to a higher BMI category because of weight gain ([Table 1](#tbl1){ref-type=\"table\"}). ", "Prevalence of obesity was higher among African-American and Hispanic cases and lower in Asian cases, compared with white cases (*P*\\<0.001). ", "Obese cases (BMI\\>35 kg m^−2^) tended to have an earlier age at diagnosis (*P*=0.003) and were more likely to have diabetes (*P*\\<0.001), hypertension (*P*\\<0.001), and renal insufficiency (*P*\\<0.001).", "\n\nThe association of prediagnosis and at diagnosis BMI with overall and ovarian cancer-specific survival is shown in [Table 2](#tbl2){ref-type=\"table\"}. ", "For both prediagnosis and at diagnosis BMI there was suggestion that overweight women had better overall survival, but when we excluded women with cachexia and further adjusted for ascites and bowel obstruction, estimates were not statistically significant. ", "Overall, there was little evidence that prediagnosis obesity affected survival. ", "Women with class III obesity (BMI⩾40 kg m^−2^) at diagnosis appeared to experience worse survival, but the association was attenuated and no longer statistically significant after adjusting for treatment, post-treatment CA125 levels, and comorbidities. ", "Excluding women with cachexia and adding ascites and bowel obstruction to the model had essentially no effect on risk estimates. ", "We conducted sensitivity analyses by further excluding women with ascites and/or bowel obstruction before diagnosis, with essentially no impact on results (data not shown).", "\n\nWe explored the impact of excluding women with cachexia and compared results after stratifying by ascites and bowel obstruction and by having any of these three conditions, with little evidence of effect modification ([Supplementary Table 2](#sup1){ref-type=\"supplementary-material\"}). ", "When we evaluated these associations by stage at diagnosis, however, a strong statistically significant interaction emerged, in which both prediagnosis and at diagnosis class II/III obesity (BMI⩾35 kg m^−2^) was associated with reduced ovarian cancer survival among stage I and II cases, whereas obesity was associated with better survival for those with stage IV disease (*P*~interaction~ for both prediagnosis and at diagnosis with stage \\<0.01) ([Table 3](#tbl3){ref-type=\"table\"}). ", "Excluding women with cachexia and further adjusting for ascites and bowel obstruction attenuated risk estimates, but for advanced-stage cases (stage IV), the significant association remained for BMI at diagnosis and for prediagnosis BMI and overall survival.", "\n\nWe also explored possible effect modification by race/ethnicity and by histologic type using BMI as a continuous variable and estimating the HR and 95% CI per 5 units of BMI to maximise power, given the small numbers in the various categories (data not shown). ", "Results were similar in the different strata of race/ethnicity or histology (serous *vs* non-serous).", "\n\nDiscussion\n==========\n\nThe major finding from this study is that the association of BMI with ovarian cancer survival varies by stage. ", "Obese women (BMI⩾35 kg m^−2^) with localised disease had poorer survival from ovarian cancer compared with normal-weight women, whereas obese women with advanced disease had better survival. ", "This was seen for both BMI measured around the time of diagnosis and BMI preceding diagnosis by at least 1 year. ", "For advanced disease, associations persisted after controlling for key prognostic factors including treatment and important clinical characteristics, such as ascites, bowel obstruction and excluding women with cachexia. ", "In addition, there was a suggestion that being overweight may result in better overall survival among cases with localised disease (stages I and II).", "\n\nSimilar to our findings for all stages combined, individual studies have generally failed to find an association between prediagnosis 'usual' BMI ([@bib42]; [@bib32]; [@bib29]), or BMI measured 1 year ([@bib48]) or 5 years ([@bib26]) before diagnosis, and ovarian cancer survival. ", "In contrast, two studies that evaluated BMI 5 years before diagnosis found elevated risk of death associated with higher BMI ([@bib49]; [@bib24]). ", "There was no association with BMI assessed at enrollment in the Women's Health Initiative with subsequent ovarian cancer mortality ([@bib50]). ", "Similarly, the evidence for BMI at diagnosis is also inconsistent, with some studies suggesting worse ([@bib35]; [@bib44]) or better survival for higher BMI ([@bib49]; [@bib30]), or no association ([@bib8]; [@bib15]; [@bib46]). ", "However, many of these studies did not adjust for important prognostic factors and were based on small numbers, which may explain these conflicting findings. ", "In pooled analyses of 21 case--control studies from the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium ([@bib31]), including over 10 000 cases, BMI was associated with an ∼3--4% increase in total mortality per 5-unit increase of BMI. ", "The association was similar for studies evaluating BMI at diagnosis, 1 year before, or 5 years before diagnosis, but main results were only adjusted for age at diagnosis, stage, grade, and race.", "\n\nOur major finding was effect modification by stage, with a BMI⩾35 kg m^−2^ being associated with reduced ovarian cancer-specific survival among stage I/II cases, while there was a clear dose--response association with better survival among those with stage IV disease. ", "We are aware of only one other study that stratified by stage in which HRs (95% CI) for ovarian cancer deaths comparing obese *vs* normal weight women was 0.86 (95% CI: 0.35--2.12) and 1.31 (0.90--1.90) for those diagnosed with stage I/II and stage III/IV disease, respectively ([@bib48]). ", "These analyses were based on very small numbers and only adjusted for stage, grade, and age at diagnosis. ", "An additional study of advanced ovarian cancer (stage III/IV, *n*=236 cases) reported better survival for overweight and obese women among serous cases with optimal surgery ([@bib4]), somewhat consistent with our findings. ", "Similar effect modification by stage was recently reported for prediagnosis BMI and colorectal cancer survival in a large consortium of six prospective studies, with higher BMI increasing mortality risk only for early-stage cases, while decreasing risk for advanced-stage cases ([@bib25]).", "\n\nThe finding of better survival for those with higher BMI among advanced cases is congruent with the 'obesity paradox', the well known but controversial observation that among people with severe illness, obesity seems to be associated with longer survival ([@bib10]). ", "Confounding is sometimes offered as a possible explanation. ", "However, in our study the association persisted after controlling for major prognostic factors, including treatment and the presence of ascites and bowel obstruction. ", "Advanced disease patients are more likely to experience ascites, bowel obstruction, and cachexia, which may lead to malnutrition. ", "The metabolic reserves of stored body fat in these patients may help them withstand treatment and cope with the physiological stress caused by disease ([@bib25]). ", "There is also some suggestion that immune function is better among obese patients in times of biological stress or trauma ([@bib10]). ", "Another issue is the fact that BMI does not capture differences in body composition (e.g., fat mass *vs* fat-free mass) that may occur during treatment and disease progression ([@bib39]). ", "Furthermore, results did not change after excluding women with a diagnosis of cachexia. ", "However, cachexia status may have been misclassified in our study. ", "Studies are needed to evaluate the impact of body composition on ovarian cancer survival.", "\n\nAmong cases diagnosed with stage I/II disease, we found a BMI⩾35 kg m^−2^ was associated with reduced ovarian cancer survival after adjusting for major prognostic factors, such as histology, grade, treatment, post-treatment CA125, and comorbidities. ", "Adjusting further for ascites and bowel obstruction and excluding those with cachexia resulted in qualitatively similar but attenuated associations. ", "Given the relatively small number of deaths among early-stage cases, statistical power was limited and CIs included the null, but our findings suggest reduced survival among those with high BMI levels. ", "Several interrelated mechanisms involving hormonal pathways have been proposed to explain a possible role of obesity on cancer survival ([@bib19]; [@bib20]; [@bib34]). ", "These include effects on insulin resistance and insulin-like growth factor-I and increased aromatisation of androstenedione to oestrone in peripheral adipocytes, thus increasing the bioavailabiltiy of sex steroids and adrenal and ovarian secretion of androgens. ", "Higher circulating oestrogen levels may stimulate ovarian cancer proliferation, resulting in faster growth of metastatic tissue ([@bib24]). ", "Obesity is also known to induce chronic inflammation and to impair immune function ([@bib28]; [@bib19]). ", "There is also a direct association between obesity and C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of systemic inflammation ([@bib14]). ", "At the same time, higher serum CRP levels have been shown to be an independent predictor of lower ovarian cancer survival ([@bib18]). ", "Adipokines (e.g., leptin and adiponectin), inflammatory cytokines produced by adipocytes, have also been hypothesised to play a role in tumour development and progression ([@bib34]), although there is inconsistent evidence regarding their role on ovarian cancer survival ([@bib13]; [@bib23]). ", "Overall, these hormonal and metabolic changes associated with greater adiposity favor progressive genetic instability, tumour growth, tumour progression, and metastases ([@bib19]). ", "In addition, because obesity is a strong predictor of dose reduction ([@bib6]), it is possible that receiving suboptimal chemotherapy dosing may contribute to the observed lower survival in early-stage cases.", "\n\nBecause other studies have suggested that the association between BMI and ovarian cancer survival may vary by histologic subtype ([@bib31]), we attempted to explore this, but numbers in the different histologic subtypes only allowed us to evaluate associations in serous *vs* non-serous cases, with similar results (data not shown). ", "Similarly, because of the known racial disparities in ovarian cancer survival, with African-American women experiencing the worse survival ([@bib11]; [@bib7]), we explored the association of obesity with ovarian cancer survival by race/ethnicity and found no differential effects (data not shown), but these analyses had limited statistical power. ", "Larger studies in multiethnic populations are required to further explore these associations.", "\n\nOur study is the first with sufficient detailed clinical information to evaluate fully the role of BMI on ovarian cancer survival while taking into account important clinical factors. ", "Because of the large number of cases we were able to examine the association by stage at diagnosis. ", "Using measured BMI from medical records is another strength of this study. ", "Furthermore, our findings are based on a representative large sample of ovarian cancer patients, not based on a single institution, or on patients entering a specific clinical trial protocol, which by definition may be too homogeneous to be generalisable. ", "Overall, KPNC membership comprises ∼30% of the population in the areas served by KPNC. ", "Members are similar to the general population in terms of employment status, marital status, screening practices, and prevalence of medical conditions, when compared with population-based data from the California Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System ([@bib17]). ", "Case identification and vital status ascertainment was conducted through the KPNC Cancer Registry, which follows data quality and reporting standards of the North American Association of Centralised Cancer Registries and the NCI SEER Program. ", "The distributions of stage at diagnosis ([@bib16]; [@bib22]) and mortality by stage ([@bib22]) among KPNC cases are similar to SEER estimates, which supports the external validity of our findings.", "\n\nIn summary, in this study, the association of obesity with ovarian cancer survival varied by stage, with possible worse survival for those with localised disease, whereas those with advanced disease experienced better survival. ", "Our findings need replication with evaluation of body composition and histologic subtype. ", "Maintaining a healthy weight remains an important goal for the prevention of cancer and other chronic diseases. ", "However, in the case of advanced disease, caution should be exercised in issuing recommendations, as increased body fatness may confer some survival advantages.", "\n\nThis work was supported by grants from the National Cancer Institute at the National Institutes of Health (K22 CA138563 and U24 CA171524).", "\n\n[Supplementary Information](#sup1){ref-type=\"supplementary-material\"} accompanies this paper on British Journal of Cancer website (http://www.nature.com/bjc)\n\nThis work is published under the standard license to publish agreement. ", "After 12 months the work will become freely available and the license terms will switch to a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-Share Alike 4.0 Unported License.", "\n\nThe authors declare no conflict of interest.", "\n\nSupplementary Material {#sup1}\n======================\n\n###### \n\nClick here for additional data file.", "\n\n###### Selected demographic and clinical characteristics by prediagnosis BMI in KP-ROCS study (2000--2014)\n\n     **No. (", "row %) of participants by prediagnosis BMI (kg** **m**^−**2**^)   \n -------------------------------------------------- ------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------ ------------ ----------- ----------- ---------\n **Age at diagnosis (years)** \n 21--39 36 (3.1) 14 (38.9) 7 (19.4) 4 (11.1) 4 (11.1) 7 (19.4) 0.02\n 40--49 139 (12.0) 45 (32.4) 42 (30.2) 29 (20.9) 14 (10.1) 9 (6.5)  \n 50--69 631 (54.5) 184 (29.2) 201 (31.9) 124 (19.7) 59 (9.4) 63 (10.0)  \n ⩾70 351 (30.3) 112 (31.9) 133 (37.9) 61 (17.4) 29 (8.3) 16 (4.6)  \n Mean±s.d. ", " 62.6±12.6 62.8±13.4 63.7±12.4 62.5±12.0 61.5±12.2 58.2±11.4 0.003\n **Race/ethnicity** \n White 802 (69.3) 256 (31.9) 254 (31.7) 147 (18.3) 76 (9.5) 69 (8.6) \\<0.001\n African American 77 (6.7) 7 (9.1) 20 (26.0) 22 (28.6) 15 (19.5) 13 (16.9)  \n Hispanic 111 (9.6) 12 (10.8) 47 (42.3) 34 (30.6) 12 (10.8) 6 (5.4)  \n Asian 146 (12.6) 71 (48.6) 59 (40.4) 11 (7.5) 2 (1.4) 3 (2.1)  \n Other 21 (1.8) 9 (42.9) 3 (14.3) 4 (19.1) 1 (4.8) 4 (19.1)  \n **BMI at diagnosis (kg m^−2^)** \n Normal (18.5--24.99) 401 (34.7) 323 (80.6) 72 (18.0) 5 (1.3) 1 (0.3) 0 (0.0) \\<0.001\n Overweight (25--29.99) 374 (32.3) 32 (8.6) 273 (73.0) 66 (17.7) 2 (0.5) 1 (0.3)  \n Obese I (30--34.99) 201 (17.4) 0 (0.0) 35 (17.4) 130 (64.7) 32 (15.9) 4 (2.0)  \n Obese II (35--39.99) 105 (9.1) 0 (0.0) 3 (2.9) 16 (15.2) 63 (60.0) 23 (21.9)  \n Obese III (⩾40) 76 (6.6) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (1.3) 8 (10.5) 67 (88.2)  \n **AJCC stage** \n I 248 (21.4) 80 (32.3) 78 (31.5) 47 (19.0) 21 (8.5) 22 (8.9) 0.96\n II 93 (8.0) 27 (29.0) 31 (33.3) 19 (20.4) 6 (6.5) 10 (10.8)  \n III 493 (42.6) 149 (30.2) 159 (32.3) 94 (19.1) 55 (11.2) 36 (7.3)  \n IV 305 (26.4) 94 (30.8) 108 (35.4) 55 (18.0) 22 (7.2) 26 (8.5)  \n Unknown 18 (1.6) 5 (27.8) 7 (38.9) 3 (16.7) 2 (11.1) 1 (5.6)  \n **Grade (SEER definition)** \n Well differentiated 78 (6.7) 23 (29.5) 28 (35.9) 11 (14.1) 6 (7.7) 10 (12.8) 0.71\n Moderately differentiated 125 (10.8) 37 (29.6) 46 (36.8) 20 (16.0) 11 (8.8) 11 (8.8)  \n Poorly differentiated 387 (33.5) 118 (30.5) 131 (33.9) 79 (20.4) 31 (8.0) 28 (7.2)  \n Undifferentiated 228 (19.7) 76 (33.3) 74 (32.5) 46 (20.2) 19 (8.3) 13 (5.7)  \n Unknown 339 (29.3) 101 (29.8) 104 (30.7) 62 (18.3) 39 (11.5) 33 (9.7)  \n **Histology** \n Serous 629 (54.4) 203 (32.3) 203 (32.3) 126 (20.0) 65 (10.3) 32 (5.1) 0.006\n Mucinous 54 (4.7) 18 (33.3) 19 (35.2) 7 (13.0) 2 (3.7) 8 (14.8)  \n Endometrioid 115 (9.9) 27 (23.5) 38 (33.0) 21 (18.3) 8 (7.0) 21 (18.3)  \n Clear cell 84 (7.3) 27 (32.1) 27 (32.1) 16 (19.1) 7 (8.3) 7 (8.3)  \n Other 275 (23.8) 80 (29.1) 96 (34.9) 48 (17.5) 24 (8.7) 27 (9.8)  \n **Ascites at diagnosis** \n No 770 (66.6) 106 (27.4) 120 (31.0) 81 (20.9) 43 (11.1) 37 (9.6) 0.10\n Yes 387 (33.5) 249 (32.3) 263 (34.2) 137 (17.8) 63 (8.2) 58 (7.5)  \n **Ascites[c](#t1-fn4){ref-type=\"fn\"}** \n No 612 (52.9) 200 (32.7) 201 (32.8) 113 (18.5) 51 (8.3) 47 (7.7) 0.52\n Yes 545 (47.1) 155 (28.4) 182 (33.4) 105 (19.3) 55 (10.1) 48 (8.8)  \n **Bowel obstruction[c](#t1-fn4){ref-type=\"fn\"}** \n No 745 (64.4) 237 (31.8) 250 (33.6) 127 (17.1) 66 (8.9) 65 (8.7) 0.24\n Yes 412 (35.6) 118 (28.6) 133 (32.3) 91 (22.1) 40 (9.7) 30 (7.3)  \n **Cachexia[c](#t1-fn4){ref-type=\"fn\"}** \n No 1075 (92.9) 312 (29.0) 360 (33.5) 211 (19.6) 99 (9.2) 93 (8.7) \\<0.001\n Yes 82 (7.1) 43 (52.4) 23 (28.1) 7 (8.5) 7 (8.5) 2 (2.4)  \n **Chemotherapy** \n No 187 (16.2) 59 (31.6) 62 (33.2) 35 (18.7) 15 (8.0) 16 (8.6) 0.86\n Yes, carboplatin+paclitaxel 524 (45.3) 155 (29.6) 176 (33.6) 107 (20.4) 43 (8.2) 43 (8.2)  \n Yes, other regimen 446 (38.6) 141 (31.6) 145 (32.5) 76 (17.0) 48 (10.8) 36 (8.1)  \n **Surgery** \n No 70 (6.1) 23 (32.9) 20 (28.6) 12 (17.1) 8 (11.4) 7 (10.0) 0.84\n Yes 1087 (94.0) 332 (30.5) 363 (33.4) 206 (19.0) 98 (9.0) 88 (8.1)  \n **CA125 (U ml^−1^)** \n \\<35 764 (66.0) 245 (32.1) 251 (32.9) 145 (19.0) 65 (8.5) 58 (7.6) 0.53\n 35--70 72 (6.2) 28 (38.9) 21 (29.2) 10 (13.9) 8 (11.1) 5 (6.9)  \n \\>70 204 (17.6) 55 (27.0) 66 (32.4) 39 (19.1) 23 (11.3) 21 (10.3)  \n Unknown 117 (10.1) 27 (23.1) 45 (38.5) 24 (20.5) 10 (8.5) 11 (9.4)  \n **Comorbidities** \n  **Diabetes, type 2**              \n   No 896 (77.4) 318 (35.5) 308 (34.4) 154 (17.2) 67 (7.5) 49 (5.5) \\<0.001\n   Yes 261 (22.6) 37 (14.2) 75 (28.7) 64 (24.5) 39 (14.9) 46 (17.6)  \n  **Hypertension**              \n   No 418 (36.1) 183 (43.8) 136 (32.5) 56 (13.4) 29 (6.9) 14 (3.4) \\<0.001\n   Yes 739 (63.9) 172 (23.3) 247 (33.4) 162 (21.9) 77 (10.4) 81 (11.0)  \n  **CVD**              \n   No 479 (41.4) 160 (33.4) 157 (32.8) 83 (17.3) 37 (7.7) 42 (8.8) 0.27\n   Yes 678 (58.6) 195 (28.8) 226 (33.3) 135 (19.9) 69 (10.2) 53 (7.8)  \n  **Renal insufficiency**              \n   No 737 (63.7) 258 (35.0) 248 (33.7) 134 (18.2) 58 (7.9) 39 (5.3) \\<0.001\n   Yes 420 (36.3) 97 (23.1) 135 (32.1) 84 (20.0) 48 (11.4) 56 (13.3)  \n\nAbbreviations: AJCC=American Joint Committee on Cancer; ANOVA=analysis of variance; BMI=body mass index; CA125=cancer antigen 125; CVD=cardiovascular disease; KP-ROCS=Kaiser Permanente Research on Ovarian Cancer Survival; SEER=Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results.", "\n\nA total of 27 underweight women (*n*=10 for 'prediagnosis', *n*=21 for 'at diagnosis', and *n*=4 in both periods) were excluded.", "\n\nBased on *χ*^2^ test, Fisher's Exact text, or ANOVA, as appropriate.", "\n\nThree years before diagnosis to end of follow-up.", "\n\n###### BMI before and at diagnosis and overall and ovarian cancer-specific mortality (KP-ROCS study, 2000--2014)[a](#t2-fn2){ref-type=\"fn\"}\n\n   **No.** ", " **Events** **HR**[b](#t2-fn3){ref-type=\"fn\"} **(95% CI)** **HR**[c](#t2-fn4){ref-type=\"fn\"} **(95% CI)** **HR**[d](#t2-fn5){ref-type=\"fn\"} **(95% CI)**\n --------------------------------------- --------- ------------ ------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------\n **Overall mortality** \n  **Prediagnosis BMI (kg m^−2^)**          \n   Normal (18.5--24.99) 372 185 1 (reference) 1 (reference) 1 (reference)\n   Overweight (25--29.99) 383 201 0.95 (0.77--1.16) 0.80 (0.65--0.99) 0.82 (0.65--1.03)\n   Obese I (30--34.99) 218 112 0.98 (0.77--1.25) 0.96 (0.74--1.23) 0.99 (0.76--1.29)\n   Obese II (35--39.99) 106 58 0.96 (0.71--1.31) 0.89 (0.64--1.22) 0.92 (0.65--1.30)\n   Obese III (⩾40) 95 50 1.08 (0.78--1.50) 0.95 (0.67--1.36) 1.02 (0.70--1.47)\n  **At-diagnosis BMI (kg m^−2^)**          \n   Normal (18.5--24.99) 407 205 1 (reference) 1 (reference) 1 (reference)\n   Overweight (25--29.99) 374 189 0.86 (0.70--1.06) 0.81 (0.65--0.99) 0.81 (0.65--1.02)\n   Obese I (30--34.99) 201 108 0.89 (0.70--1.14) 0.93 (0.72--1.19) 0.87 (0.67--1.14)\n   Obese II (35--39.99) 105 55 0.85 (0.62--1.16) 0.87 (0.63--1.20) 0.82 (0.57--1.16)\n   Obese III (⩾40) 76 40 1.50 (1.06--2.13) 1.20 (0.82--1.76) 1.24 (0.83--1.85)\n **Ovarian cancer-specific mortality** \n  **Prediagnosis BMI (kg m^−2^)**          \n   Normal (18.5--24.99) 372 158 1 (reference) 1 (reference) 1 (reference)\n   Overweight (25--29.99) 383 174 0.96 (0.77--1.19) 0.83 (0.66--1.04) 0.84 (0.66--1.08)\n   Obese I (30--34.99) 218 89 0.90 (0.69--1.18) 0.89 (0.68--1.18) 0.92 (0.69--1.24)\n   Obese II (35--39.99) 106 51 0.98 (0.70--1.36) 0.92 (0.65--1.30) 0.96 (0.67--1.39)\n   Obese III (⩾40) 95 43 1.10 (0.77--1.56) 0.96 (0.66--1.40) 1.01 (0.68--1.50)\n  **At-diagnosis BMI (kg m^−2^)**          \n   Normal (18.5--24.99) 407 177 1 (reference) 1 (reference) 1 (reference)\n   Overweight (25--29.99) 374 166 0.87 (0.70--1.08) 0.82 (0.66--1.03) 0.82 (0.64--1.04)\n   Obese I (30--34.99) 201 85 0.80 (0.61--1.04) 0.84 (0.63--1.10) 0.78 (0.58--1.05)\n   Obese II (35--39.99) 105 47 0.84 (0.60--1.18) 0.85 (0.60--1.22) 0.78 (0.53--1.14)\n   Obese III (⩾40) 76 33 1.43 (0.97--2.10) 1.15 (0.75--1.74) 1.17 (0.75--1.81)\n\nAbbreviations: BMI=body mass index; CA125=cancer antigen 125; CI=confidence interval; CVD=cardiovascular disease; KP-ROCS=Kaiser Permanente Research on Ovarian Cancer Survival; HR=hazard ratio.", "\n\nUnderweight women (*n*=10 for 'prediagnosis'/*n*=21 for 'at diagnosis' analyses) were excluded.", "\n\nAdjusted for age at diagnosis, race/ethnicity, stage, histology, grade, and time of the BMI measure relative to time of diagnosis (months).", "\n\nFurther adjusted for diabetes, hypertension, CVD, renal disease, post-treatment CA125, chemotherapy (no, carboplatin+paclitaxel, other regimen). ", "and type of surgery.", "\n\nFurther adjusted for ascites and bowel obstruction and excluding women with cachexia.", "\n\n###### BMI before and at diagnosis and overall and ovarian cancer-specific mortality by stage (KP-ROCS Study, 2000--2014)[a](#t3-fn3){ref-type=\"fn\"}\n\n   **Stage I/II** **Stage III** **Stage IV** \n --------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------\n   **HR**[b](#t3-fn4){ref-type=\"fn\"} **(95% CI)** **HR**[c](#t3-fn5){ref-type=\"fn\"} **(95% CI)** **HR**[b](#t3-fn4){ref-type=\"fn\"} **(95% CI)** **HR**[c](#t3-fn5){ref-type=\"fn\"} **(95% CI)** **HR**[b](#t3-fn4){ref-type=\"fn\"} **(95% CI)** **HR**[c](#t3-fn5){ref-type=\"fn\"} **(95% CI)**\n **Overall mortality** \n Prediagnosis BMI (kg m^−2^) *n*/events: 345/60 334/56 501/292 458/256 310/240 278/213\n  Normal (18.5--24.99) 1 (reference) 1 (reference) 1 (reference) 1 (reference) 1 (reference) 1 (reference)\n  Overweight (25--29.99) 0.36 (0.15--0.88) 0.33 (0.13--0.87) 0.83 (0.60--1.15) 0.79 (0.55--1.13) 0.80 (0.56--1.14) 0.73 (0.49--1.08)\n  Obese I (30--34.99) 0.76 (0.31--1.88) 0.93 (0.37--2.35) 1.52 (1.04--2.22) 1.35 (0.90--2.02) 0.65 (0.42--1.00) 0.63 (0.40--1.01)\n  Obese II/III (⩾35) 1.85 (0.76--4.47) 1.71 (0.69--4.28) 1.12 (0.74--1.72) 1.14 (0.71--1.84) 0.56 (0.35--0.89) 0.54 (0.33--0.88)\n  *P*~interaction~         0.002 0.001\n At-diagnosis BMI (kg m^−2^) *n*/events: 345/59 334/55 494/288 453/253 306/236 276/210\n  Normal (18.5--24.99) 1 (reference) 1 (reference) 1 (reference) 1 (reference) 1 (reference) 1 (reference)\n  Overweight (25--29.99) 0.38 (0.15--0.92) 0.40 (0.15--1.05) 0.98 (0.72--1.34) 0.90 (0.64--1.27) 0.74 (0.52--1.06) 0.77 (0.52--1.14)\n  Obese I (30--34.99) 0.99 (0.40--2.48) 1.14 (0.45--2.90) 1.28 (0.86--1.89) 1.01 (0.66--1.55) 0.78 (0.51--1.20) 0.83 (0.52--1.31)\n  Obese II/III (⩾35) 1.97 (0.75--5.14) 1.93 (0.74--5.05) 1.30 (0.86--1.96) 1.18 (0.74--1.88) 0.54 (0.32--0.91) 0.56 (0.32--0.98)\n  *P*~interaction~         0.003 0.002\n **Ovarian cancer-specific mortality** \n Prediagnosis BMI (kg m^−2^) *n*/events: 345/42 334/39 501/257 458/223 310/203 278/181\n  Normal (18.5--24.99) 1 (reference) 1 (reference) 1 (reference) 1 (reference) 1 (reference) 1 (reference)\n  Overweight (25--29.99) 0.55 (0.19--1.61) 0.49 (0.15--1.61) 0.75 (0.53--1.05) 0.69 (0.47--1.00) 0.87 (0.59--1.28) 0.84 (0.55--1.28)\n  Obese I (30--34.99) 0.79 (0.25--2.53) 0.88 (0.26--2.97) 1.28 (0.86--1.93) 1.12 (0.72--1.73) 0.65 (0.40--1.04) 0.67 (0.40--1.11)\n  Obese II/III (⩾35) 3.40 (1.16--9.99) 2.80 (0.88--8.93) 1.02 (0.65--1.59) 1.01 (0.61--1.68) 0.58 (0.35--0.96) 0.58 (0.34--1.00)\n  *P*~interaction~         0.003 0.005\n At-diagnosis BMI (kg m^−2^) *n*/events: 345/41 334/38 494/254 453/221 306/200 276/179\n  Normal (18.5--24.99) 1 (reference) 1 (reference) 1 (reference) 1 (reference) 1 (reference) 1 (reference)\n  Overweight (25--29.99) 0.51 (0.18--1.44) 0.57 (0.18--1.75) 0.91 (0.66--1.26) 0.80 (0.56--1.15) 0.78 (0.53--1.14) 0.84 (0.56--1.27)\n  Obese I (30--34.99) 1.05 (0.33--3.32) 1.08 (0.32--3.58) 1.11 (0.73--1.68) 0.82 (0.52--1.29) 0.68 (0.43--1.09) 0.79 (0.48--1.31)\n  Obese II/III (⩾35) 3.22 (1.02--10.15) 2.79 (0.85--9.19) 1.15 (0.74--1.79) 1.00 (0.60--1.64) 0.50 (0.28--0.90) 0.55 (0.30--1.01)\n  *P*~interaction~         0.001 0.001\n\nAbbreviations: BMI=body mass index; CA125=cancer antigen 125; CI=confidence interval; CVD=cardiovascular disease; KP-ROCS=Kaiser Permanente Research on Ovarian Cancer Survival; HR=hazard ratio.", "\n\n*P*-value for interactions are for BMI × stage at diagnosis for the two models.", "\n\nUnderweight women (*n*=10 for 'prediagnosis'/*n*=21 for 'at diagnosis' analyses) were excluded.", "\n\nAdjusted for age at diagnosis, race/ethnicity, histology, grade, and time to diagnosis (months), diabetes, hypertension, CVD, renal disease, post-treatment CA125, chemotherapy (no, carboplatin+paclitaxel, other regimen), and type of surgery.", "\n\nFurther adjusted for ascites and bowel obstruction and excluding women with cachexia.", "\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Central" }

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[ "Sabtu, 30 Mei 2015\n\nWhat the Bible Really Says About Homosexuality\n\nAsbury Seminary theologian Ben Witherington III speaks to the point in this engaging seven-minute video.", "Practical Idea: Use this poignant video as a primer for your next discussion or message on what the Bible says about homosexuality.", "Discussion Starter: Do you agree or disagree with Witherington’s perspective on homosexuality? ", "Share your thoughts in the comment section below." ]

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[ "Aphytoceros hollandiae\n\nAphytoceros hollandiae is a moth in the family Crambidae. ", "It was described by Munroe in 1968. ", "It is found in Papua New Guinea.", "\n\nReferences\n\nCategory:Moths described in 1968\nCategory:Spilomelinae\nCategory:Moths of New Guinea" ]

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[ "GROWING THE ECONOMY FOR ALL AMERICANS: The economy continued its historic boom in 2018, benefiting all Americans as job creation soared and wages rose.", "\n\nThe economy outperformed expectations for the second year in a row in 2018.", "\n\nGross Domestic Product grew 3.1 percent from the fourth quarter of 2017 to the fourth quarter of 2018, the fastest such growth in 13 years.", "\n\ngrew 3.1 percent from the fourth quarter of 2017 to the fourth quarter of 2018, the fastest such growth in 13 years. ", "More than 2.6 million jobs were created in 2018 and the number of job openings surpassed the number of unemployed workers for the first time on record.", "\n\nsurpassed the number of for the first time on record. ", "The unemployment rate remained at or below 4 percent for the past 12 months, the longest streak in nearly five decades. ", "The unemployment rate hit 3.7 percent in September 2018, a near 50-year low.", "\n\nThe booming economy paid off for American workers last year – with nominal hourly wage growth exceeding 3 percent for the first time in almost a decade. ", "Read More\n\nRelated news: Facebook’s privacy meltdown after Cambridge Analytica is far from over\n\nok.ok" ]

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[ "\n\nAsk HN: Any YC W2011 applicants heard back yet? - ", "zbruhnke\n\npost your results here if so ... I hope we can get a working list of who/what got accepted to an interview and who got turned down ... could be a great post to archive and check again in 5-10 years :)\n======\npg\nWe'll tell people this evening.", "\n\n------\ncitizenkeys\nYou can also view many of the applicant videos over at WikiTorrents.org:\n<http://wikitorrents.org/wiki/ycombinator_applicants>\n\n~~~\nzbruhnke\nsaw the site ... like the idea but could not find how to edit the page and add\nmy link even after i signed up\n\n~~~\ncitizenkeys\nThere is a login button next to the top logo. ", "You need to login separately for\nthe wiki as for the rest of the site. ", "It's an integration issue we're working\non.", "\n\n------\nkellyreid\nNot as of yet - we have a form/spreadsheet going that keeps track of this, go\nfill it in here: <http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=1862266>\n\n------\niworkforthem\nI have rejected.. There's always next year. ", "KEEP ON HACKING! ", ":P\n\n------\nbenologist\nI have - rejected.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Hemoglobin-digesting parasites, including the malaria parasites Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax generate significant concentrations of free ferrous iron in the form of unbound heme, a side product of hemoglobin degradation. ", "The presence of these chemically reactive forms of iron present an opportunity for parasite targeted drug delivery as free forms of ferrous iron are exceedingly rare in healthy tissue and cells. ", "We have developed a ferrous iron targeted drug delivery technology for delivery of therapeutics to the malaria parasites or, more broadly, to any biological compartment containing unbound ferrous iron. ", "Drug delivery strategies have scarcely been investigated in anti-parasitic therapy but these approaches have the potential to target parasites selectively, protecting the patient from exposure to active drug species and possibly allowing the use of a broader range of therapeutics safely. ", "The drug delivery system consists of a 1,2,4-trioxolane ring system as an iron(II)-sensing 'trigger' moiety and a retro-Michael linker to which the partner drug is attached and ultimately released via a ?", "-elimination reaction. ", "The chemical design is such that drugs from a wide swath of chemical and therapeutic target space can in principle be delivered using the approach. ", "In preliminary work, we synthesized prototypical delivery systems and demonstrated using a chemical biological approach successful drug delivery to cultured intra-erythrocytic P. falciparum parasites. ", "The goals of the proposed research are to evaluate iron(II)-targeted drug delivery systems in animals, and to optimize the existing delivery chemistry for reduced complexity and more rapid drug release kinetics. ", "The realization of these objectives could significantly impact the field of antiparasitic chemotherapy specifically, and drug delivery more generally. ", "PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Malaria causes over a million preventable deaths annually, primarily among children in developing regions of the world. ", "Current World Health Organization (WHO) recommended treatment for malaria involves combinations of an artemisinin-based therapy with a second agent of a distinct therapeutic class. ", "This proposal seeks to establish proof-of-principle in animals for a new approach to deliver artemisinin combination therapy. ", "Specifically, the proposed therapeutic strategy involves parasite-specific delivery of the second partner drug only after entry into the malaria parasite and only after the artemisinin-like activity has been conferred. ", "Using this new approach, it should be possible to prevent patient exposure to the partner agent in its native form and this in principle could improve the safety profiles of existing antimalarial drugs or enable the widespread use of existing drugs that while effective, have serious side effects." ]

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[ "Pasta Casereccia Ischia\n\nOctopus Ischia\n\nartichokes\n\nbruschetta ischia\n\nla casereccia ischia\n\nThe Poggio Gardens and views of Mount Epomeo\n\nmamma tina\n\npumpkin ischia\n\nseafood pasta ischia\n\nprosciutto\n\nWhere the tradition of Italian cooking grows not only from the earth but also from the passion of the Colella Family who have lived on the Island of Ischia for over 200 years. ", "It is this heartfelt passion born out of family tradition combined with the freshest family grown produce that makes every meal a memorable one. ", "The Colella family welcome you to La Casereccia where delicious home cooked food is always available and their friendly family hospitality will make your dining experience unforgettable.", "\n\nPrivate Seafront Platform\n\nOur guests can make use of the beautiful La Rotonda sul Mare residence facilities with seafront platform, bar, pedal boat and kayas, compliments of Colella Family Hospitality." ]

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[ "David Jones (ice hockey)\n\nDavid Jones (born August 10, 1984) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey right winger who played for the Colorado Avalanche, Calgary Flames, and Minnesota Wild in the National Hockey League (NHL).", "\n\nPlaying career\n\nEarly years\n\nWhile playing with Minor Junior team the Coquitlam Express of the British Columbia Hockey League, Jones was drafted in his first year of eligibly as the Colorado Avalanche's last pick in the ninth round of 2003 NHL Entry Draft, 288th overall. ", "After being selected to the BCHL First All-Star team he committed to play collegiate hockey at Dartmouth College in the ECAC. ", "In his third season with the Big Green in 2006–07, he led the team with 44 points becoming just the third player in Dartmouth history to be named Ivy League Player of the Year, while also earning a selection as a finalist for the Hobey Baker Award.", "\n\nColorado Avalanche\n\nAfter completing his junior year with the Big Green, Jones decided against returning for his senior year, signing a two-year entry level contract with the Avalanche on May 21, 2007. ", "He was initially assigned in his first professional season of 2007–08 to the American Hockey League (AHL) with affiliate the Lake Erie Monsters before being recalled by the Avalanche on December 20, 2007. ", "He made his debut the following night in a 4–3 victory over the New York Rangers on December 21, becoming the lowest selected Avalanche draft pick to play in the NHL. ", "Highlighted by his skating speed despite of a large frame, Jones scored 30 points in 45 games with the Monsters before his was again recalled for a third time and stayed with the Avalanche for the remainder of the season. ", "On March 11, 2008, Jones scored his first career NHL goal in a 5–2 victory over the Atlanta Thrashers. ", "He also tallied two assists and was named as the first star of the game.", "\n\nInjuries limited most of Jones' first full season in the NHL, and his third season with the Avalanche showed much promise. ", "After scoring ten goals and six assists for 16 points in his 23rd game of the 2009–10 season, injury found Jones again on November 28, 2009, in a 3–2 shootout loss against the Minnesota Wild. ", "He tangled up with Minnesota's Chuck Kobasew at center ice and landed hard with his knee in an awkward position just before teammate Paul Stastny tripped over him. ", "He left the Pepsi Center with a torn anterior cruciate ligament and would miss the remainder of the regular season and playoffs.", "\n\nJones returned to complete his first full healthy season for the Avalanche in 2010–11, and despite losing a glimpse of his speed from his repaired ACL, he was rewarded with playing a career high 77 games and tied Matt Duchene for the team lead in goals with 27.", "\n\nGiven a one-year contract extension on June 29, 2011, Jones initially got off to a slow start in the 2011–12 season before responding with a strong second half to reach the 20 goal plateau for a second consecutive year, largely in part to establishing a partnership playing with longtime line-mate Stastny and the newly acquired Jamie McGinn to end the year. ", "With the option of potentially exploring free-agency, Jones was instead signed to a four-year, $16 million contract keeping him with the team through the 2015–16 season, on June 7, 2012. ", "In the first year of his new contract, during the lockout-shortened 2012–13 season, Jones struggled in compiling his worst professional season totals with only 3 goals and 9 points in 33 games.", "\n\nCalgary Flames\n\nOn June 27, 2013, Jones' tenure with the Avalanche ended when he was traded along with Shane O'Brien to the Calgary Flames in exchange for Alex Tanguay and Cory Sarich.", "\n\nIn 2013-14, his first year with the Flames, Jones enjoyed modest success. ", "He started out the year strong, scoring the Flames' first goal of the season (assisted by rookie Sean Monahan for his first NHL point) and recording four points in his first four games, but he was quickly injured and then injured again, missing 34 games over the course of the season. ", "However, when in the lineup, Jones was generally effective, recording 9 goals and 8 assists for 17 points in 48 games.", "\n\nJones drastically improved in 2014-15 and started to finally live up to his $4 million salary. ", "Though he missed some time early in the season after being injured in the season opener against the Edmonton Oilers, Jones returned firing at full cylinders. ", "He enjoyed a three-game goal-scoring streak in November 2014 and recorded nine goals and twenty points in his first 41 games of the season. ", "Jones ended up with 14 goals and 16 assists in 67 games, his best totals since the 2011–12 season, as the Flames qualified for the postseason for the first time since 2009.", "\n\nIn the playoffs, Jones found another gear, forming a thunderously effective line with Matt Stajan and Micheal Ferland. ", "He scored his first career playoff goal in Game 1 of the Flames' quarter-final series against the Vancouver Canucks, tying the game at 1 midway through the third period. ", "Jones also recorded three assists in the deciding sixth game of the series at the Scotiabank Saddledome, which the Flames won by a score of 7–4. ", "Though the Flames lost in five games in the second round to the Anaheim Ducks, Jones finished the playoffs having recorded 2 goals and 3 assists in 11 games, along with 36 hits.", "\n\nIn the final year of his contract, Jones lost a step in 2015-16. ", "He only recorded three points (all goals) in his first fifteen games of the season, but heated up somewhat entering the back-half of November. ", "On November 17, 2015, Jones recorded his 100th career goal, the game-winner in a 3–2 game against the New Jersey Devils. ", "On February 17, 2016, Jones recorded an odd goal against the Minnesota Wild. ", "He received a drop-pass from Matt Stajan in the slot, and shot the puck towards the net; however, it deflected off a stick, off of the face of Wild defenseman Matt Dumba and into the net. ", "The goal was Jones' last as a member of the Calgary Flames, as twelve days later, on February 29, 2016, he was traded at the deadline to the Minnesota Wild in exchange for goaltender Niklas Backstrom and a 6th-round pick (Matthew Phillips).", "\n\nMinnesota Wild\n\nJones missed some time immediately after the trade with a work visa issue, but quickly was inserted into the Minnesota lineup on the top line alongside Mikael Granlund and Thomas Vanek in time for a game against the Toronto Maple Leafs on March 3, 2016. ", "He scored his first goal with the team on March 5, a 3–2 shootout win over the Buffalo Sabres; however, he only scored one more goal in his remaining 14 regular season games with the Wild. ", "In total, Jones scored 2 goals and 1 assist in 16 games with Minnesota, bringing his total to 11 goals and 7 assists for the 2015–16 season. ", "The Wild qualified for the playoffs, and Jones recorded a single point (an assist) en route to a six-game defeat at the hands of the Dallas Stars.", "\n\nAnaheim Ducks and Free Agency\nAn unrestricted free agent following the 2015–16 season from the Wild, Jones was not signed to an NHL deal in the offseason; instead, he settled for a Professional Tryout with the Anaheim Ducks, signed on September 23, 2016. ", "He failed to make the team, however, and was released ten days later. ", "Jones did not play professional hockey in 2016–17.", "\n\nCareer statistics\n\nAwards and honours\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\nCategory:1984 births\nCategory:Living people\nCategory:Calgary Flames players\nCategory:Canadian ice hockey right wingers\nCategory:Colorado Avalanche draft picks\nCategory:Colorado Avalanche players\nCategory:Dartmouth Big Green men's ice hockey players\nCategory:Ice hockey people from Ontario\nCategory:Lake Erie Monsters players\nCategory:Minnesota Wild players\nCategory:Sportspeople from Guelph" ]

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[ "Q:\n\ninstall php-xml on centos 7\n\ntrying to install php-xml on centos7 (php 5.6)\ngetting following error\n[root@server ~]# sudo yum install php-xml\nLoaded plugins: fastestmirror\nLoading mirror speeds from cached hostfile\n * atomic: www4.atomicorp.com\n * epel: epel.mirror.constant.com\n * remi-safe: remi.mirror.ate.info\n * webtatic: uk.repo.webtatic.com\nResolving Dependencies\n--> Running transaction check\n---> Package php-xml.x86_64 0:5.4.45-56.el7.art will be installed\n--> Processing Dependency: php-common(x86-64) = 5.4.45-56.el7.art for package: php-xml-5.4.45-56.el7.art.x86_64\n--> Finished Dependency Resolution\nError: Package: php-xml-5.4.45-56.el7.art.x86_64 (atomic)\n Requires: php-common(x86-64) = 5.4.45-56.el7.art\n Installed: php-common-5.6.33-1.el7.remi.x86_64 (@remi-php56)\n php-common(x86-64) = 5.6.33-1.el7.remi\n Available: php-common-5.4.16-42.el7.x86_64 (base)\n php-common(x86-64) = 5.4.16-42.el7\n Available: php-common-5.4.16-43.el7_4.x86_64 (updates)\n php-common(x86-64) = 5.4.16-43.el7_4\n Available: php-common-5.4.45-54.el7.art.x86_64 (atomic)\n php-common(x86-64) = 5.4.45-54.el7.art\n Available: php-common-5.4.45-56.el7.art.x86_64 (atomic)\n php-common(x86-64) = 5.4.45-56.el7.art\n ...\n You could try using --skip-broken to work around the problem\n You could try running: rpm -Va --nofiles --nodigest\n\nI've read around and people are suggesting i downgrade my php, however, i need 5.6 for scripts im trying to run.", "\nThanks in advance\n\nA:\n\n Installed: php-common-5.6.33-1.el7.remi.x86_64 (@remi-php56)\n\nAs you have php 5.6 from remi-php56 repository you have to enable the same repository to install additional extensions.", "\nAs explained by the Wizard :\nyum-config-manager --enable remi-php56\nyum install php-xml\n\nP.S. and you should disable atomic and webtatic, as you don't use PHP from there.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nFilter function deleting filtered words\n\nI have this script, there are two portions. ", "There is the filter portion and there is the highlight portion, both work great and as expected on their own. ", "But when you combine them and type into the input field for example \"this is\" these words are eliminated as the filter function kicks in, the highlight function continues to work as normal. ", "Can anyone help to explain this peculiar behaviour? ", "I have tried the following, changing the keyup to keydown and alternating, changing the referencing names, changing the index values to no avail. ", "This script's function is supposed to filter and highlight from one input field.", "Sorry about the parenthesis around code but my moblile does not have the code character.", "\nI cannot post code from my mobile. ", "Please see attached picture\nThanks\n\nA:\n\nChange $(\"#search *\") to $(\"#search > *\") or $(\"#search\").children().", "\nI haven't looked at the hilitor code, but it presumably works by putting <span></span> around the highlighted portions, so that it can set their style. #", "search * matches descendants at any depth, not just the direct children of #search.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "[Syndrome of cerebral non-dominant hemisphere].", "\nIn this review the meaning of cerebral hemispheric function is discussed with special emphasis in non-dominant cerebral hemisphere and particularly in the lesion of commissural, association, projection of white matter fibers. ", "Clinical characteristics depend on etiology, localization, extension and particularly the period of brain development. ", "The following are common findings in these patients: left hemiplegia, abnormal prosody and non verbal communication, anomalies visiospatial perception, organization, and social interaction. ", "Similar symptoms are also present in some developmental disorders such as attention deficit hyperactive disorders and Asperger syndrome. ", "We discuss seven cases of isquemic cerebrovascular accidents with the objective of demonstrating the more frequent and persistent findings in the acquired lesion. ", "All patients had complete neurological and neuropsychological evaluation, and were followed up for more than two years. ", "We conclude that motor sequel is less severe than cognitive and affective consequences." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "List of diplomats of the United Kingdom to the Gambia\n\nThe High Commissioner of the United Kingdom to The Gambia is the United Kingdom's foremost diplomatic representative in the Republic of The Gambia.", "\n\nUntil 2013 The Gambia was a member of the Commonwealth and the United Kingdom's representative was a High Commissioner. ", "On 2 October 2013 the Gambian government announced that the country was to withdraw from the Commonwealth. ", "On 20 November 2013 the British High Commission formally became the British Embassy and the British High Commissioner became the British Ambassador. ", "\n\nFulfilling an election pledge of President Adama Barrow, The Gambia rejoined the Commonwealth on 8 February 2018 and the British Ambassador became the British High Commissioner again.", "\n\nList of heads of mission\n\nHigh Commissioners\n\n1965–1967: George Crombie\n1968–1971: Granville Ramage\n1972–1975: James Roland Walter Parker\n1975–1979: Martin Rogers\n1979–1981: Eric Smith\n1981–1984: David Francis Battye Le Breton\n1984–1987: John Garner\n1988–1990: Alec Ibbott\n1991–1993: Alan Pover\n1994–1995: Michael Hardie\n1995–1998: John Wilde\n1998–2000: Tony Millson\n2000–2002: John Perrott\n2002–2006: Eric Jenkinson\n2006–2011: Philip Sinkinson\n2011–2013: David Morley\n\nAmbassadors\n\n2013–2014: David Morley\n2014–2017: Colin Crorkin\n2017–2018: Sharon Wardle\n\nHigh Commissioners\n\n2018–: Sharon Wardle\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\nUK and Gambia, gov.uk\n\nGambia\nGambia\n \nUnited Kingdom Diplomats\nCategory:The Gambia and the Commonwealth of Nations\nCategory:United Kingdom and the Commonwealth of Nations" ]

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[ "The nonreceptor tyrosine kinases FAK and SRC\n============================================\n\nThe FAK-SRC complex in the integrin and tyrosine kinase receptor setting\n------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nIntegrins are a family of transmembrane receptors that link the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the intracellular actin-cytoskeleton. ", "These cell-matrix areas of adhesion are known as focal adhesion (FA) contacts/areas. ", "Integrins cluster when they bind to ECM. ", "Integrin clustering has a structural role but also induces the activation of intracellular signaling pathways that lead to important cellular responses such as proliferation, survival, migration and invasion in both normal and tumor cells.[@b1-ott-3-083] In this setting, the linked activities of two nonreceptor intracellular tyrosine kinases, focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and steroid receptor coactivator (Src), is a common intracellular point of convergence in the signaling initiated by this integrin-ECM interaction. ", "In response to the clustering, FAK associates to the cytoplasmic tail of the integrin and in response to this association FAK phosphorylates at its tyrosine residue 397 (Y397). ", "Although this Y397 phosphorylation is mainly due to autophosphorylation; transphosphorylation by growth factors might also occur. ", "This phosphorylated tyrosine provides a docking site for Src ([Figure 1](#f1-ott-3-083){ref-type=\"fig\"}).[@b2-ott-3-083] The tyrosine kinase Src, then, phosphorylates additional sites on FAK, leading to further increased activity of FAK and allowing the recruitment of proteins that contain Src homology 2 (SH2) domains such as Grb2 and PI3K.[@b3-ott-3-083] The mutually activated FAK/Src complex then initiates a cascade of phosphorylation events of new protein--protein interactions to trigger several signaling pathways that eventually leads to different cellular responses. ", "For instance, Grb2, once bound to FAK can recruit SOS into the complex and activates the downstream Ras-MAPK pathway and/or may also transduces the signal through the activation of the PI3K-Akt cascade.[@b3-ott-3-083]--[@b5-ott-3-083]\n\nAdhesion is a hallmark of solid cancer cells and integrins are a nexus between intracellular signaling and cytoskeletal dynamics; besides, integrin-mediated signaling also intersects with growth factor-mediated signaling through various levels of cross-talk. ", "In this complex network, the FAK/Src complex also transduces signals from tyrosine kinase receptors (TKRs) or integrates signals from both, integrins and TKRs, (see [Figure 1](#f1-ott-3-083){ref-type=\"fig\"}) in normal and tumor cells.[@b3-ott-3-083],[@b4-ott-3-083] As an illustration of this connection in breast cancer, transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) has recently been found to be able to induce membrane-proximal clustering of human EGF (Epidermal Growth Factor) receptor 2, (HER2) and integrins by activating Src-FAK and receptor association to the cytoskeleton.[@b6-ott-3-083]\n\nPlatelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGF-R), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R), fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGF-R), insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF-R), colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R) or, stem cell factor receptor (SCF-R) are also TKRs that may transduce their signal by FAK/Src activation. ", "As a consequence, the FAK/Src complex is potentially involved in different steps of tumorogenesis and further growth and metastatic progression of malignant tumors.[@b7-ott-3-083],[@b8-ott-3-083]\n\nThe increased expression or activity of FAK and/or Src in tumors is associated with a more invasive and aggressive phenotype and has lead to the development of Src and FAK inhibitors as new anticancer drugs.[@b9-ott-3-083]--[@b12-ott-3-083] These drugs are able to block proliferation, survival, angiogenesis and/or migration/invasion in preclinical tumor models[@b13-ott-3-083] and some of them have already shown preliminary antitumor activity in clinical trials with cancer patients.[@b14-ott-3-083]--[@b19-ott-3-083]\n\nFAK and Src structure\n=====================\n\nc-Src was the first characterized human oncogene. ", "In 1909 Peyton Rous identified the Rous Sarcoma's Virus (RSV).[@b20-ott-3-083],[@b21-ott-3-083] Later, in 1958, the v-Src gene was identified as the cause that allowed RSV to produce the sarcoma when the virus infected healthy chickens. ", "The v-Src gene was taken up by RSV and incorporated into its genome conferring the virus the advantage of being able to stimulate uncontrolled proliferation in host chicken cells. ", "Finally the human homologue of the v-Src gene, c-Src, was characterized as the first oncogene in humans.[@b22-ott-3-083]\n\nc-Src is a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase. ", "The Src family comprises of eight members in humans (Src, Fyn, Yes, Lyn, Lck, Hck, Blk and Fgr) with a molecular weight between 52--62 KDa.[@b22-ott-3-083],[@b23-ott-3-083] Each Src kinase family member is comprised of six domains. ", "A SH4 domain placed at the N-terminal tail is involved in targeting Src to the plasmatic membrane. ", "Adjacent to the SH4 domain, a region that is specific to each Src family member followed by a SH3 and a SH2 domain, both of them involved in the interaction of Src with other intracellular proteins ([Figure 2](#f2-ott-3-083){ref-type=\"fig\"}).[@b23-ott-3-083] Additionally, in the C-terminal tail, there is an SH1 domain involved in adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP) and substrate binding. ", "This SH1 domain shows tyrosine kinase activity. ", "The phosphorylation in the Y419 residue of the SH1 domain is required for maximum kinase activity. ", "Immediately adjacent to the SH1 domain, there is another C-terminal region that acts as a negative regulatory domain that is itself regulated by phosphorylation. ", "After phosphorylation of the Y530 residue, placed in this negative regulatory domain, Src undergoes conformational changes and becomes inactive.[@b23-ott-3-083] Src activation is regulated at many different levels. ", "In response to a signal stimuli Src translocates from the cytosol to the membrane where it will be activated by phosphorylation, the intracellular localization of Src is therefore one of the key regulatory mechanisms that control Src activation.[@b24-ott-3-083] In addition the binding of FAK to the SH2 domain of Src relieves its autoinhibitory interaction that leads to the activation of Src. ", "Once activated, Src phosphorylates FAK on a number of additional tyrosine residues, leading to further increased activity of FAK.[@b2-ott-3-083],[@b23-ott-3-083],[@b25-ott-3-083] In this sense, FAK acts as a molecular scaffold protein to activate and recruit Src to its substrates.", "\n\nFAK was first identified in the search for proteins that where tyrosine phosphorylated in an integrin dependent manner and also in Src transformed fibroblasts as a key substrate of Src oncoprotein.[@b26-ott-3-083] It was described as a focal adhesion-associated nonreceptor protein tyrosine kinase[@b27-ott-3-083],[@b28-ott-3-083] ubiquitously expressed and encoded by an evolutionarily highly conserved gene.", "\n\nFAK harbors a central region with kinase activity that is flanked by a large N-terminal region that contains the erythrocyte band four 1-ezrin-radixin-moesin (FERM) domain and by a C-terminal region that contains the focal adhesion targeting (FAT) domain. ", "The Y397 residue, immediately adjacent to the kinase domain, is autophosphorylated in response to the clustering of integrins. ", "This autophosphorylation increases the catalytic activity of FAK and creates a high affinity binding site for the SH2 domain of Src. ", "This interaction recruits and activates Src. ", "The formation of the complex with Src is the most critical event in FAK-associated signaling. ", "Src binds the Y397 residue and phosphorylates other FAK residues including Y576 and Y577 placed on the catalytic loop of the kinase and Y861 that are important for full catalytic activity of FAK. ", "Y925 has been also identified as an important site for phosphorylation by Src, which involves Src in induced epithelial mesenchymal transitions (EMTs).[@b29-ott-3-083],[@b30-ott-3-083] In the absence of stimuli from integrins and/or TKRs, the FERM domain works as a negative regulator of FAK activity. ", "This domain interacts with the kinase domain preventing Y397 phosphorylation. ", "Conversely, in response to co-clusters of integrins and TKRs, the FERM domain interacts with the cytoplasmic tail of the integrin allowing FAK-autophosphorylation in this Y397 residue. ", "The FAT domain, placed in the C-terminal region, mediates the colocalization of FAK with the FA areas through the interaction of FAK with the FA associated proteins talin and paxillin. ", "Furthermore, two proline rich domains, placed adjacent to the FAT domain, mediate the interaction of FAK with SH3 containing proteins such as p130CAS.[@b9-ott-3-083],[@b11-ott-3-083] The ability of FAK to promote the activation of p130CAS depends on Src activity. ", "Although the scaffold function of FAK to recruit Src to its substrates is has already been well established, however less is known regarding FAK kinase activity.", "\n\nBesides integrins, the N-terminal region of FAK also interacts with TKRs, and this interaction may be involved in the regulation of FAK activity and in addition in cross-talks between integrins and TKRs.[@b31-ott-3-083] Phosphorylation of FAK. ", "Y861 promotes association of FAK with the α~y~β~5~ integrin following vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) stimulation.[@b32-ott-3-083]\n\nDifferent FAK isoforms from alternative splicing have been found: FAK, proline rich tyrosine kinase 2 (PYK2) and FAK related nonkinase (FRNK).[@b9-ott-3-083] FRNK lacks the catalytic domain working as a FAK inhibitor competing with nontruncated endogenous FAK for the localization at FA areas.[@b33-ott-3-083]\n\nFAK activity is under strict regulation by a variety of kinases and phosphatases such as glycogen synthetase kinase 3 type β (GSK3 β), tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2, serine/threonine protein phosphatase type 1 as well as by Src.[@b9-ott-3-083],[@b34-ott-3-083],[@b35-ott-3-083]\n\nFAK and Src and their function in normal and tumor cells\n========================================================\n\nAlthough, most available articles in the literature show FAK and Src as independent proteins, the current idea that both proteins work as a protein complex in the cellular signaling networks is emerging. ", "FAK would form a binary complex with Src family kinases which can phosphorylate other substrates and trigger multiple intracellular signaling pathways that would induce different cellular responses.", "\n\nFAK and Src are not only critical modulators of signaling pathways mediated by TKRs and integrins, they also respond to stimuli from G protein-coupled receptors, cell--cell adhesion proteins (ie, cadherins) and steroid hormone receptors to control a variety of normal and oncogenic cellular responses such as cell survival, proliferation and migration/invasion.[@b4-ott-3-083],[@b22-ott-3-083],[@b23-ott-3-083],[@b34-ott-3-083],[@b36-ott-3-083],[@b37-ott-3-083]\n\nFAK-null embryos exhibit an early embryonic lethal phenotype.[@b38-ott-3-083] These embryos show multiple defects, including a disorganized cardiovascular system due to extensive defects in angiogenesis and vasculogenesis.[@b38-ott-3-083] Accordingly, over expression of FAK in vascular endothelial cells promotes angiogenesis.[@b39-ott-3-083] In addition, conditional deletion of FAK in adult mouse epithelium was not lethal, and probably due to a functional compensatory effect mediated by its related family member PYK2.[@b40-ott-3-083] Although PYK2 knock out mice develop normally except they do exhibit defective macrophage migration.[@b41-ott-3-083],[@b42-ott-3-083] The above data suggested that endothelial cells may posses an adaptive capacity to switch to PYK2 dependant signaling after deletion or inhibition of FAK. ", "Thus, FAK and PYK2 inhibition may result in an antiangiogenic effect.", "\n\nAn interesting interaction has also been reported between FAK and the tumor suppressor protein p53, via the FERM domain that triggers p53 degradation, so that loss of FAK results in activation of p53 which could eventually suggest new approaches to trigger cytotoxic drug induced apoptosis.[@b43-ott-3-083]\n\nAlthough, Src-null mice were viable, the analysis of homozygous mutants showed that they were deficient in bone remodeling (they had an impaired osteoclast function) and also developed osteopetrosis. ", "This phenotype demonstrated that Src is not required for general cell viability possibly due to a Src functional overlap with other related tyrosine kinases such as FAK. ", "Therefore, Src may play an essential role in bone formation.[@b44-ott-3-083] Accordingly, cancer patients treated with a Src inhibitor showed reduced serum levels of bone resorption markers suggesting Src inhibitors as a possible effective treatment for established bone metastasis.[@b45-ott-3-083],[@b46-ott-3-083]\n\nIn normal adult tissues and tumor cells, FAK and Src control many important biological processes within the cell. ", "They have been associated with responses of cell growth and survival.[@b9-ott-3-083],[@b10-ott-3-083] In addition, they have also been involved in anoikis (apoptosis induced when anchorage-dependent cells detach from the surrounding ECM) resistance in tumor cells.[@b47-ott-3-083]--[@b50-ott-3-083] Hence, FAK/Src activation may promote the anchorage-independent growth/transformation of tumor cells through the inhibition of the apoptotic response.[@b48-ott-3-083],[@b49-ott-3-083] FAK activation, in response to integrins, has an important role in FA turnover/rearrangement. ", "This process is crucial for cell spreading and migration in physiological and pathological processes (ie, FA turnover is essential for EMTs during the metastatic behavior of tumor cells and in endothelial cell migration during tumor angiogenesis).[@b9-ott-3-083] Phosphorylation of FAK-Y925 is the major Src-specific phosphorylation event that is associated with integrin adhesion dynamics and E-cadherin deregulation during Src-induced EMT.[@b29-ott-3-083],[@b30-ott-3-083]\n\nFurthermore, FAK has already been found, at elevated levels, in the majority of human cancers (head and neck, colon, breast, prostate, liver, thyroid, and others), particularly in highly invasive metastases.[@b51-ott-3-083] High levels of Phospho-FAK Y397 has already been found in: ovarian invasive tumors;[@b52-ott-3-083] acute myeloid leukemia;[@b53-ott-3-083] squamous cell carcinoma of the laryn;[@b54-ott-3-083] invasive cervical carcinoma;[@b55-ott-3-083] invasive human colon cancer cells;[@b56-ott-3-083] medullary thyroid cancer cell lines;[@b57-ott-3-083],[@b58-ott-3-083] human pancreatic cancer cells;[@b59-ott-3-083] glioma cells;[@b60-ott-3-083] and other tumor types. ", "Furthermore, high levels of FAK phosphorylated in other tyrosine residues have already been found in specific tumor types. ", "Papillary thyroid cancer samples show high phosphor-Y861-FAK levels and high levels of phopho-Y861-FAK have also been correlated with sensitivity to the Src inhibitor AZD0530 in papillary and also in anaplastic thyroid cancer models.[@b61-ott-3-083] Although, the relationship between Src and cancer progression is best documented in colon and breast cancer.[@b10-ott-3-083],[@b62-ott-3-083] Src over expression or over activation has also been shown in a variety of human biopsies from primary tumors and their metastases ([Figure 3](#f3-ott-3-083){ref-type=\"fig\"}).[@b23-ott-3-083]\n\nAn additional pro-angiogenic role for FAK and Src signaling in tumors has also been suggested.[@b63-ott-3-083]--[@b69-ott-3-083] FAK expression has been found in tumor endothelial cells from grade III and IV astrocytoma biopsies; whereas FAK expression was absent in endothelial cells of normal brain biopsies.[@b63-ott-3-083] Accordingly, tumor endothelial cells transfected with FRNK (a negative FAK regulator) showed less migration *in vitro* than control cells; suggesting that FAK is involved in tumor-angiogenesis, at least in part, through the induction of endothelial cell migration.[@b63-ott-3-083] Preclinical data from prostate cancer cell lines have also suggested a role for FAK signaling in the induction of VEGF expression in tumor cells.[@b70-ott-3-083] Additionally, an intracellular cross-talk between the Ang-1 TKR (Tie-2) involved in angiogenesis in tumors and integrin pathways has also been shown.[@b71-ott-3-083] The binding of integrin α1β5 to ECM-glycoproteins may lead to the association of Tie-2 with integrin α1β. ", "The stimulation of Tie-2 by Ang-1 may promote the recruitment of FAK to the TKR-integrin areas inducing an endothelial cell response (sprouting and stabilization of the new tumor vessels).[@b71-ott-3-083] Src has also been associated with VEGF production in tumor cells.[@b66-ott-3-083] In fact, Src inhibition decreases angiogenesis *in vivo.*[@b68-ott-3-083],[@b69-ott-3-083]\n\nImmunohistological data about the expression/correlation between active FAK/Src on primary tumors and on their metastases is still awaited, to explore the value of FAK/Src as predictors of tumor outcome.", "\n\nIn fact, as we will review below, a link for FAK/Src with chemoresistance has already been reported in tumor models. ", "In fact, FAK downregulation enhances docetaxel cytotoxicity in ovarian cancer cells.[@b72-ott-3-083] Moreover, FAK downregulation also increases gemcitabine chemosensitivity in pancreatic cancer cells.[@b73-ott-3-083] Accordingly, a variety of reports show a role for Src in the promotion of chemoresistance. [", "@b74-ott-3-083]--[@b77-ott-3-083] Src inhibitors have already shown single agent activity in cancer patients after their progression to chemotherapy.[@b78-ott-3-083] Src inhibition promotes chemosensitivity in pancreatic cancer cells.[@b74-ott-3-083] In addition, a combination of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and a Src inhibitor in 5-FU-resistant human pancreatic cancer cell lines restored 5-FU-induced apoptosis.[@b74-ott-3-083] The potential mechanism for 5-FU chemosensitivity induced by Src inhibitors might be associated with the inhibition of the epidermal growth factor receptor-AKT (EGFR--AKT) pro-survival pathway induced by 5-FU. ", "Furthermore, a role for Src in mediating acquired endocrine resistance is also well established.[@b10-ott-3-083]\n\nOther FAK family members have also been associated with cancer. ", "In fact, Pyk2 also shows a high expression and an association with tumor progression in a variety of tumor types such as: astrocytomas; breast; glioma; prostate; hepatocarcinoma; and nonsmall cell lung cancer.[@b79-ott-3-083]--[@b83-ott-3-083] In addition, other Src family members have also been associated with solid and hematological tumors; and inhibitors against Src family members are under development as new anticancer drugs.[@b84-ott-3-083]\n\nFAK-Src and tumor associated epithelial mesenchymal transition\n==============================================================\n\nEpithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a complex of cellular and molecular processes by which epithelial cells acquire mesenchymal and migratory properties.[@b85-ott-3-083] EMT takes place during critical phases of embryonic development and is also a crucial step in the infiltration and progression in solid tumors. ", "Hallmarks of EMT include loss of cell--cell contacts, induction of FA turnover and increased expression of mesenchymal (fibronectin, vimentin, N-cadherin, α-smooth muscle actin, and others) and invasiveness (ie, metalloproteinases) markers.[@b86-ott-3-083] The EMT is at the convergence of different molecular pathways involving cell survival and resistance to apoptosis, invasion and tumor angiogenesis, metastasis and drug resistance in advanced tumors.[@b87-ott-3-083]\n\nA critical molecular feature in the loss of cell--cell contacts during EMT is the downregulation of the adhesion molecule E-cadherin (delocalization/loss of E-cadherin expression). ", "A variety of membrane receptors such as integrins, TKRs, serine-threonine kinase receptors are able to induce E-cadherin downregulation during development and tumor progression through the activation of specific intracellular signaling cascades such as Ras-MAPK and PI3K-Akt-mTOR. ", "In fact, transcriptional repressors (Snail, Slug, Twist, or ZEB1/2) involved in EMTs during development are also induced in response to EMT stimuli to repress E-cadherin expression during tumor progression.[@b86-ott-3-083] Plenty of evidence suggests that FAK and Src, through its ability to integrate signals from numerous signaling receptors, plays a critical role in tumor-associated EMTs promoting intracellular signaling pathways that lead to the induction of E-cadherin repressors and to the subsequent E-cadherin downregulation as well as that promote FA turnover to allow tumor cell migration/invasion ([Figure 1B](#f1-ott-3-083){ref-type=\"fig\"}).[@b88-ott-3-083]--[@b91-ott-3-083]\n\nNew anticancer drugs that target FAK and Src\n============================================\n\nBased on evidence that supports FAK as a molecular scaffold protein, activated by Src to recruit its substrates; and that Src, as a tyrosine kinase is involved in the catalytic activation of FAK, and triggers FAK kinase activity to promote a variety of cellular responses during tumor progression, preclinical and clinical studies with new agents that employ different mechanisms for the blockade of FAK or Src kinases are currently underway.[@b9-ott-3-083],[@b10-ott-3-083] We show below a summary of the most advanced FAK and Src inhibitors under development (see [Table 1](#t1-ott-3-083){ref-type=\"table\"}).", "\n\nHistorically the first drugs synthesized with the aim of inhibiting T-cell activation via the Src family kinases Lck and Fyn were PP1 and PP2. ", "The latest one is very selective for Src family kinases (SFKs). ", "After PD173955 and PD173956 emerged with a lower selectivity than that of PP2, since these compounds were inhibitors of; Abl, Csk, platelet derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) and EGFR. ", "CGP76030 and CGP77675 were also multi-targeted agents against SFKs, Abl, EGFR and VEGF receptor (VEGFR) and SFKs, EGFR, FAK, and VEGFR, respectively. ", "A third generation of molecules characterized by their higher potency in enzyme assays and their dual inhibition of c-Abl in a variety of imatinib-resistant c-Abl mutations appeared. ", "The strong activity against c-Abl together with the potent anti-Src activity is explained by the strong structural similarity of the ATP binding domains in both kinases. ", "The dual selectivity speeded up the development of these compounds.", "\n\nAt present, researchers are strongly focused on the study of the potential therapeutic benefits from the use of ATP-competitive kinase inhibitors against FAK and Src. ", "These inhibitors interact with the ATP-binding pocket of FAK or Src and subsequently prevent FAK and Src autophosphorylation and therefore their activation.[@b11-ott-3-083]\n\nDasatinib\n---------\n\nDasatinib (BMS-354825) is an orally active small multiselective inhibitor, which inhibits the kinases Src and Abl with IC50 values of 0.55 and 3.0 nM, respectively.[@b92-ott-3-083] Dasatinib also inhibits other Src family members such as Fyn (half maximal inhibitory concentration \\[IC50\\] of 0.2 nM), LcK (IC50 of 1.1 nM) and Yes (IC50 of 0.4 nM).[@b92-ott-3-083] Dasatinib blocks the wild type chimeric Bcr-Abl protein which arise from Philadelphia chromosome.[@b93-ott-3-083] Dasatinib is a 20-fold more potent inhibitor than imatinib in cells expressing wild-type Bcr--Abl hybrid protein and it also has an antitumoral effect in those tumor cells expressing Bcr--Abl imatinib-resistant mutants.[@b93-ott-3-083] Dasatinib is also able to inhibit the tyrosine kinase receptors c-KIT, PDGFR-β and ephrins (EPHA2).[@b92-ott-3-083] Dasatinib has already shown to have broad preclinical activity in solid and hematological tumor models.[@b14-ott-3-083],[@b92-ott-3-083] It has already been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and by the European Medicines Agency (EMEA) for the second line treatment of imatinib-refractory chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).[@b14-ott-3-083] Currently, phase I/II clinical trials with dasatinib as a single agent or in combination are underway in a variety of solid and hematological tumors, based on the capability of dasatinib for blocking the activity Src family members.[@b94-ott-3-083] Besides effectiveness in hematologic malignancies, dasatinib can suppress tumor growth in human breast cancer, human prostate, colon, ovarian, and lung cancer lines.[@b95-ott-3-083]--[@b100-ott-3-083]\n\nAZD0530\n-------\n\nAZD0530 is another novel, orally administered, potent, and highly selective inhibitor of Src (IC50 value ≤ 4 nM), other Src family members like LcK and Yes (both with IC50 values \\< 4 nM) and Abl as well.[@b101-ott-3-083] Preclinical activity has been shown in: skin; breast; prostate; and pancreatic tumor models[@b101-ott-3-083] as well as estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer models[@b102-ott-3-083] where the combination of AZD0530 with tamoxifen[@b103-ott-3-083] and aromatase inhibitors[@b104-ott-3-083] prevented hormonal therapy resistance. ", "This combination also shows an additive effect of delaying the growth of breast cancer cells.[@b105-ott-3-083]\n\nA variety of phase I and II clinical trials are currently underway with AZD0530 in monotherapy or in combination, in patients with solid tumors based on its capability to inhibit Src.[@b106-ott-3-083] Another possible use of AZD0530 has been recently reported. ", "Based upon the hypothesis that Src could be involved in the development of metastases in xenograft modes where the growth of the primary tumor was controlled by radiation; this report shows that those tumors from mice receiving AZD0530 regress more quickly following radiotherapy than their control counterparts.[@b107-ott-3-083]\n\nBosutinib\n---------\n\nBosutinib (SKI-606) is a potent, orally administered, bioavailable, dual Src (IC50 value of 3.8 nM) and Abl inhibitor which has already shown to have an antitumoral effect in chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML), colon, prostate and breast cancer models.[@b108-ott-3-083],[@b109-ott-3-083] Preclinical breast cancer models showed a decrease in *in vitro* cell motility and invasion and *in vivo* metastases after bosutinib treatment.[@b110-ott-3-083] A phase I clinical trial with bosutinib has been published showing; drug-related dose-limiting toxicity of grade 3 diarrhea and grade 3 rash (1 pt) with 400 mg being selected as the maximum tolerated dose.[@b111-ott-3-083] Currently, phase II, proof of concept clinical trials, in patients with CML who had failed to improve with Imatinib, and in patients with solid tumors, are underway.[@b112-ott-3-083]\n\nPF-562,271\n----------\n\nPF-562,271 is a potent ATP-competitive, small molecule inhibitor of both FAK and the related kinase Pyk2 (IC50 values of 1.5 nM (0.7 ng/mL) and 14 nM (7 ng/mL), respectively). ", "PF-00562271 also inhibits other kinases such as c-Src and insulin growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) with less selectivity (IC50 value of 797 nM and IC50 \\> 500 nM respectively). ", "This inhibitor has shown a broad preclinical activity.[@b113-ott-3-083] In PC3 human prostate tumor cells, PF-00562271 treatment blocks, anchorage independent tumor cell growth and tumor cell migration *in vitro,* has shown antitumoral effects *in vivo.*[@b11-ott-3-083] PF-00562271 decreases FAK phosphorylation-status *in vitro* and shows antitumor efficacy *in vivo,* in xenografts from: human colon; breast; prostate; pancreatic; and hepatocellular carcinoma tumor cell lines.[@b113-ott-3-083]--[@b115-ott-3-083] No weight loss, or increase in morbidity and mortality were observed in any *in vivo* experiment and tumor growth inhibition was dose and drug exposure dependent. ", "Furthermore, PF-562271 also showed an additional antiangiogenic effect over tumors.[@b113-ott-3-083] PF-562271 through the inhibition of FAK and PYK2 kinases may interfere with the ability of endothelial tumor cells to migrate, thus blocking the sprouting and stabilization of the new tumor vessels.[@b63-ott-3-083],[@b116-ott-3-083] PF-00562271 treatment has also led to the blockade of the expression of pro-angiogenic growth factors in tumor cells, such as VEGF.[@b70-ott-3-083] Recently, Bagi and colleagues showed that PF-00562271 synergized with antiangiogenic agents that directly block VEGF signaling, through its ability to target different aspects of angiogenesis and tumor aggressiveness.[@b115-ott-3-083] In addition, these authors show that the combination of these agents not only led to the blockade of tumor growth, it also impacted upon the ability of the tumor to recover on withdrawal of the therapy. ", "PF-562,271 has also showed an *in vivo* effect in preventing the loss of bone, suggesting its potential activity in patients with bone metastases and cancer-associated osteoporosis.[@b117-ott-3-083] Therefore, PF-562,271 may comprise of a combined action over tumors: antiproliferative; proapoptotic; antiangiogenic; and antimetastatic action. ", "Based on the preclinical data, a dose escalation phase 1 clinical trial with PF-562,271, administered orally as a single agent, in patients with solid tumors is currently underway. ", "Tumor responses with PF-562,271 have been already reached in ovarian, colon together with head and neck cancer patients. ", "Preliminary results showed a manageable safety profile with PF-562,271. ", "In addition, continuous oral dosing is feasible and may be extended over 6 to 12 months in the majority of patients. ", "The most common adverse events in the 32 evaluated patients with monitored safety data was: nausea in 14 patients (\\<Grade 3); vomiting in 12 patients (only 1 patient with Grade ≥3); fatigue in 8 patients (\\<Grade 3); and diarrhea in 6 patients (\\<Grade 3). ", "Prolonged disease stabilization has already been observed in a variety of solid tumors. ", "However, the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and recommended Phase 2 dose have still to be published.[@b15-ott-3-083],[@b16-ott-3-083] In addition to PF 573,228, a closely related, early prototype FAK inhibitor[@b118-ott-3-083] has been reported to have appealing activity in combating ovarian cancer metastases,[@b119-ott-3-083],[@b120-ott-3-083] demonstrating the growing body of evidence that supporting research of Src/FAK inhibitors in epithelial carcinoma.", "\n\nTAE 226\n-------\n\nTAE 226 is a low molecular weight, ATP-competitive tyrosine kinase inhibitor of FAK and IGF1R with an IC50 range of 100 to 300 nM/L.[@b121-ott-3-083] TAE 226 is still under preclinical development. ", "Flow cytometry analysis of human glioma cell lines under TAE 226 treatment have shown an increase in the apoptotic and G0 (quiescent/nonproliferative) fractions after treatment, when these cells were compared with control/nontreated cells.[@b60-ott-3-083] TAE 226 induced-apoptosis in the glioma tumor model is mediated by caspases and is correlated with the p53 status. ", "In fact, apoptosis was only induced in the subset of glioma cell lines containing the mutant p53 gene.[@b60-ott-3-083]\n\nAdditionally, TAE 226 treatment also prevented the *in vitro* attachment of these glioma cell lines. ", "Furthermore, an *in vivo* intracranial glioma xenograft model showed a significantly higher median survival in the group of mice treated with TAE 226, at concentrations of 50--75 mg/kg. ", "The treatment of ovarian cancer cell lines with TAE 226 inhibited cell growth in both a time- and dose-dependent manner; and enhanced docetaxel-mediated growth inhibition by 10 and 20 fold in the taxane-sensitive and taxane-resistant ovarian cell lines, respectively. ", "In addition, TAE 226 alone and in combination with chemotherapy significantly prolonged survival in tumor-bearing mice. ", "The efficacy of TAE 226 was related to: reduced pericyte coverage; the induction of apoptosis of tumor-associated endothelial cells; reduced microvessel density and tumor cell proliferation.[@b121-ott-3-083] TAE 226 also displayed an antitumoral effect in human pancreatic cell lines,[@b122-ott-3-083] esophageal cancer cell lines and xenografts, by a potent inhibition of PI3K-AKT-mTOR cell survival signaling.[@b123-ott-3-083] Clinical trials with this new dual FAK-IGF1R inhibitor are planned. ", "Recently, interesting experiments have suggested that the FAK--IGF--1R interaction site could be targeted; the specific disruption of this protein--protein interaction with another small molecule inhibitor (INT2-31) reinforces the potential novel role of this antineoplastic strategy.[@b124-ott-3-083]\n\nFAK/Src and chemotherapy resistance\n===================================\n\nAs we mentioned above, an association between FAK activation and resistance to chemotherapy has been broadly reported in human tumor models.[@b72-ott-3-083],[@b73-ott-3-083],[@b125-ott-3-083]--[@b128-ott-3-083] Accordingly, the combination of conventional chemotherapeutic drugs with FAK-targeting agents apparently offers greater efficacy in preclinical models than chemotherapy as a single agent. ", "Treatment with FAK antisense oligonucleotides significantly induced apoptosis in human glioblastoma cells associated with a decrease in FAK protein levels.[@b129-ott-3-083] The *in vitro* cytotoxic effect achieved with the anti-FAK agent in monotherapy was almost the same as those obtained with different chemotherapeutic regimens such as cisplatin, etoposide and nimustine hydrochloride.[@b129-ott-3-083] When FAK antisense oligonucleotides and chemotherapy were administered in combination the antitumoral effect was clearly additive.[@b129-ott-3-083] Treatment of squamous cell carcinoma models with recombinant FRNK peptides combined with etoposide, paclitaxel or 5-FU also showed an additive antitumoral effect.[@b127-ott-3-083]\n\nThe effect of combined chemotherapy and anti-FAK agents were also explored in human HCC cells *in vitro.*[@b130-ott-3-083] When TNF-α plus cycloheximide was combined with FAK-antisense, an increase in the apoptotic index was observed.[@b130-ott-3-083] Additionally, FAK siRNA was also able to potentiate gemcitabine action in pancreatic cancer cells[@b73-ott-3-083] increasing the apoptotic index. ", "The *in vivo* treatment with FAK siRNA, in combination with gemcitabine, induced in a statistically significant manner, a larger inhibition in the size of the tumors than gemcitabine in monotherapy.[@b73-ott-3-083] FAK siRNA incorporated in liposomes was administered to mice bearing tumors from human ovarian cancer cells.[@b131-ott-3-083] Mice treated with siRNA-DOPC showed a decrease in tumor weight. ", "Docetaxel in combination with siRNA-DOPC resulted in an even greater reduction in tumor weight.[@b131-ott-3-083] This combination also showed: antiangiogenic properties;[@b131-ott-3-083] it decreased microvessel density; VEGF and MMP-9 secretion; and increased apoptosis in tumor cells, in addition to tumor-associated endothelial cells.[@b131-ott-3-083] Treatment with siRNA-DOPC resulted in a decrease in the tumor weight of cisplatin-resistant xenografts as well.[@b131-ott-3-083] These data suggest that the combination of anti-FAK agents with docetaxel or cisplatin may be a valuable therapeutic approach in the chemotherapy of resistant ovarian cancer. ", "Smith and colleagues showed that FAK downregulation enhanced the effects of 5-FU in human melanoma cells.[@b132-ott-3-083] FAK antisense oligonucleotides significantly increased cell detachment and apoptosis when they were administered alone or in combination with 5 FU.[@b132-ott-3-083] This led to the decrease in FAK protein levels, an effect that was also observed with the 5-FU alone. ", "Accordingly, FAK blockade plus 5-FU showed and additive effect.", "\n\nThere are also, preclinical data supporting the role of Src in chemoresistance. ", "The inhibition of Src reversed chemoresistance toward 5-FU in human pancreatic carcinoma cells.[@b74-ott-3-083] Furthermore, Src inhibition also impaired both inherent and acquired gemcitabine resistance in human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells.[@b75-ott-3-083] The combination of dasatinib and chemotherapy (5′-5′-DFUR or cisplatin) was synergistic in triple-negative breast cancer cells.[@b99-ott-3-083] In addition, phase 1 clinical trials are currently ongoing, with the Src inhibitor dasatinib in combination with chemotherapy in solid tumors.[@b94-ott-3-083],[@b133-ott-3-083]\n\nInterestingly the combination of paclitaxel/carbolatin standard chemotherapy in ovarian cancer has shown interesting synergism from this combined approach at the cell line level, that requires further investigation.[@b134-ott-3-083]\n\nIn conclusion, current evidence shows that FAK/Src-targeting compounds enhance the action of conventional anticancer agents at least in preclinical tumor models. ", "Nonetheless, further molecular studies testing the activation status of both kinases in tumor biopsies and clinical trials, with anti-FAK/anti-Src agents and different chemotherapeutic schedules are still required to confirm if this complex is involved in treatment resistance and if the combination can enhance the efficacy of conventional chemotherapy in the clinical setting.", "\n\nThe interest of targeting FAK and Src in breast cancer\n======================================================\n\nThe Src/FAK signaling pathway is related to multiple receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and intracellular mediators with a prominent role in the biology of the different subtypes of breast cancer.[@b135-ott-3-083]\n\nOn one hand, c-Src interacts with and contributes to the signaling cascade of different RTKs; modulates their turnover by interfering in the endocytosis; and ubiquitination; in to taking part in the cytoskeleton rearrangement, migration and survival processes started at the RTKs' level in tumor cells.[@b7-ott-3-083] In breast cancer there is evidence of the interaction between c-Src and EGFR, (although short of a synergistic activity), connected to the crosstalk between estrogen receptor (ER) and EGFR.[@b136-ott-3-083],[@b137-ott-3-083] HER2 is coexpressed with c-Src in breast cancer[@b138-ott-3-083] and their interaction seems to facilitate the migratory and metastatic phenotype of these cells.[@b139-ott-3-083],[@b140-ott-3-083] Likewise, HER2 is actually involved in c-Src regulation,[@b140-ott-3-083] another mechanism of activation of HER2 such as the transactivation through G-protein receptors (ie, CXCR4).[@b141-ott-3-083] C-Src has also been proposed to be involved in the modulation of HER2--HER3 heterocomplexes in an intracellular mediated pattern.[@b142-ott-3-083]\n\nHowever, Src has also been linked to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) nongenomic activity[@b143-ott-3-083] and the homeostasis of the ER[@b144-ott-3-083] in the tumor cells.", "\n\nSrc inhibitors have been developed in different breast cancer subtypes. ", "Triple negative breast cancer has emerged as a potential field to be explored by this family of drugs. ", "Two independent groups have described genetic profiles associated with a response to dasatinib[@b95-ott-3-083],[@b145-ott-3-083] highlighting the particular sensitivity of the basal-like phenotype to this Src inhibitor. ", "This molecular marker approach has led to a phase 2 trial in the clinical setting[@b146-ott-3-083] showing modest, although encouraging, results to be tested in further trials, in combination with chemotherapy.", "\n\nHormone receptor-positive breast cancer, resistant to the classic endocrine therapy strategies, has become another field actively studied. ", "In the tamoxifen resistance setting, the upregulation of different RTKs' signaling pathways has been involved. ", "It has been suggested that the resistant phenotype is not just the result of an estrogen independent growth,[@b147-ott-3-083] but is also linked to an alteration in the relationship between the cells and the extracellular matrix, so that these tumor cells acquire an invasive and migratory phenotype[@b148-ott-3-083],[@b102-ott-3-083] that favors tumor dissemination. ", "It has been demonstrated that anti-HER2 therapies are able to eliminate the agonist effect of tamoxifen, restoring its antitumoral capacity[@b149-ott-3-083] and the blockade of both pathways, showing an increased efficacy against endocrine-resistant tumors.[@b100-ott-3-083],[@b150-ott-3-083],[@b151-ott-3-083]\n\nHowever, these combinations have not shown a definitive effect regarding the migratory and invasive phenotype,[@b148-ott-3-083] moreover, the tumoral cells eventually develop double resistance that results in an even more invasive behavioral pattern.[@b102-ott-3-083],[@b152-ott-3-083] This dual resistant phenotype is characterized by an increase Src kinase activity, that defines another opportunity to target endocrine resistant breast cancer. ", "The *in vitro* utility of Src inhibitors; due to the Src/FAK relationship in the acquisition of endocrine resistance in breast cancer, has already been tested.[@b153-ott-3-083]--[@b156-ott-3-083] However, a recent article showed an opposite role for Src in breast cancer. ", "Campbell and colleagues analyzed 262 breast cancer specimens, before tamoxifen treatment, for active Src expression by tissue microarray. ", "The authors showed that phosphorylated c-Src in the nucleus was significantly associated with improved patient outcome in ER-positive breast cancer.[@b157-ott-3-083] The current findings suggest a crosstalk between ER and Src/FAK kinases, so that the addition of agents that block Src and/or FAK to hormonal therapy may improve the efficacy of the current endocrine therapies (aromatase inhibitors and tamoxifen). ", "Clinical trials in breast cancer patients with dasatinib and aromatase inhibitors are underway in breast cancer patients.[@b94-ott-3-083]\n\nConclusions\n===========\n\nAs we reviewed above FAK and Src form a mutually activated complex that acts as a common intracellular point of convergence in the signaling initiated by a variety of membrane receptors (RTKs, Integrins, G-coupled receptors, ER and others) to trigger a cascade of phosphorylation events and new protein--protein interactions in tumor cells and tumor endothelial cells, that allow the angiogenic and metastatic behavior of tumors. ", "In fact, preclinical data with anti-Src and anti-FAK agents under development show that both types of inhibitors lead to antiproliferative, antiangiogenic and antimetastatic responses in human tumor models; a synergistic effect with other anticancer agents has been also observed. ", "Therefore the inhibition of one of these kinases appears to be a successful therapeutic approach to avoid recurrence and dissemination of the primary tumor and also the progression of metastatic lesions.", "\n\nCurrently, we have robust data to believe FAK and c-Src inhibitors as a novel and promising anticancer strategy to combine with current anticancer therapies. ", "A synergistic effect has already been shown when they are combined with other antitarget agents (ie, gefitinib, imatinib and sunitinib). ", "Furthermore, these drugs have also been shown to be good candidates in the avoidance of chemotherapy and hormonotherapy resistances.", "\n\nIn addition, although it remains difficult to asses the efficacy of antimetastatic agents in the clinical setting, its appears that the inhibition of Src and FAK may have a potent anti-invasive effect, to delay tumor dissemination rather than real tumor shrinkage. ", "Furthermore, although levels have already been seen as a possible predictor of response to Src inhibitors there is still a lack of suitable biomarkers that would be able to predict a response to these agents. ", "In addition to current clinical studies of biomarker assays, the use of more sophisticated imaging technologies and the testing of the tumor, guided by biochemical rational, will help to maximize the development of these new compounds.", "\n\nWe have reviewed those trials with FAK and Src inhibitors under clinical development as a single agent or in combination with other therapeutic approaches. ", "They have already shown clinical benefits in cancer patients with solid tumors. ", "The identification of useful biomarkers to assess target inhibition, anti-invasive efficacy and predict treatment response will be crucial for future clinical trials.", "\n\nWe would like to thank to Nieves Ruíz-Ayllón for the editorial assistance. ", "The authors report no conflicts of interest relevant to this research.", "\n\n{#f1-ott-3-083}\n\n{#f2-ott-3-083}\n\n{#f3-ott-3-083}\n\n###### \n\nSummary of FAK and Src inhibitors under clinical and preclinical development\n\n ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n **Drug** **Target (IC50)** **IC50** **IC50** **IC50** **Preclinical activity** **Clinical activity**\n ------------------------ ------------------- -------------------- ---------- ------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n BMS-354825 (Dasatinib) 0.55 nM 3.0 nM Solid and hematological tumor models Approved in Imatinib refractory CML and Philadelphia chromosome + ALL, Phase 1--2 clinical trials in solid and hematological tumors are underway\n\n PF-562,271 797 nM 1.5 nM (0.7 ng/mL) \\>500 nM Colon, breast, prostate, pancreatic and lung tumor models Phase 1 clinical trial in solid tumors has been already communicated\n\n TAE-226 100 nM/L = 100 nM 300 nM/L = 300 nM Glioma and human pancreatic tumor cell lines Not yet\n\n AZD0530 ≤4 nM\\ Skin, prostate, breast and pancreatic tumor models Phase 1--2 clinical trial underway\n 27 nM \n\n SKI-606 (Bosutinib) 3.8 nM CML, colon and breast models Phase 1 clinical trial has been already communicated, Ph II clinical trial in CML patients after imatinib failure under development\n ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n**Abbreviations:** FAK, focal adhesion kinase; CML, chronic myelogenous leukemia; IGF, insulin-like growth factor; IC, inhibitory concentration.", "\n\n[^1]: These authors contributed equally to this work,\n\n[^2]: Center affiliated to the Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa (RD06/0020/0021). ", "Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Central" }

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[ "Cardiopulmonary alterations in mRNA expression for interleukin-1beta, the interleukin-6 superfamily and CXC-chemokines during development of postischaemic heart failure in the rat.", "\nCytokines and chemokines are believed to play a pathogenic role in heart failure (HF). ", "Although some cytokines and chemokines have been examined in HF, information about others is still lacking. ", "We aimed to examine the expression of cytokines belonging to the interleukin (IL)-6 superfamily [IL-6 and ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF)], as well as IL-1beta and the CXC-chemokines monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and IL-8. ", "We examined their expression in the heart, lung and spleen during development of postischaemic HF 1 and 6 weeks following left coronary artery ligation. ", "Rats, which after myocardial infarction had a left ventricular end-diastolic pressure above 15 mmHg, were considered to be in HF. ", "Sham-operated rats served as controls. ", "A substantial upregulation of cardiac IL-1beta was measured in HF at 1 week, whereas a downregulation was measured in the lungs. ", "At 6 weeks no altered regulation was seen. ", "CNTF was only upregulated in the viable left ventricle at 6 weeks and IL-6 was upregulated in the infarcted region at 1 week. ", "Cardiac MCP-1 was upregulated in the viable and the infarcted region of the failing left ventricle at 1 week, with the highest expression in the latter. ", "In the lung, another pattern of regulation was seen with a significant increase in pulmonary MCP-1 at 6 weeks. ", "IL-8 was only detected in the infarcted region at 1 week. ", "In the spleen, no regulation of cytokines was found. ", "In conclusion, we report an organ-specific regulation of cytokines and chemokines in postischaemic HF. ", "Our novel findings of increased cardiac CNTF and cardiopulmonary MCP-1 mRNA indicate a role for these factors in the pathogenesis of HF." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "After my first three days attempting to thru-hike the Arizona Trail, I decided to get off the trail and re-group. ", "I spent two days exploring the campground at Patagonia Lake State Park with my aunt. ", "During this time, I washed my clothes in a bucket, went through my pack and tossed out any unnecessary items, and continued to communicate with my hiking partner in hopes that we would get back on the trail soon. ", "During one afternoon, my aunt and I went to the marina to see about renting kayaks to tour around the lake. ", "A very nice gentleman running the marina offered to take us on a quick pontoon boat ride to tour the lake since the wind was too fierce for a kayak trip.", "\n\nThe lake and State Park were beautiful with lots of little primitive campsites tucked away which are only accessible by boat. ", "The two days I spent at Patagonia Lake with my aunt after the first three days hiking the AZT were perfect. ", "I believe that things happen for a reason, and even though I was feeling pretty low having to get off the trail so soon, the time spent at the lake was very special.", "\n\nI would like to preface this blog post by stating that I am no longer thru-hiking the Arizona Trail. ", "After hiking only 34.6 miles, I made the very tough decision to get off the trail and end my thru-hike. ", "Before leaving Arizona, I decided to spend time exploring the state with friends and family. ", "I plan to share my adventures along the AZT and journeys throughout the state over the next few weeks in segments. ", "Here is the story of my first three days on the Arizona Trail:\n\n3 days, 2 nights / 22.5 miles / 3000′+ elevation gain/loss\n\nLooking back towards the Mexico border from the Arizona Trail near Montezuma Pass\n\nDay one: Montezuma Pass to Mexico border to Bathtub Spring\n\n10 miles / 3000’+ elevation gain\n\nNervous is the one word I would use to describe the morning of my first thru-hike attempt. ", "All of the planning and organizing had led up to this moment, and now that it was here, I was petrified! ", "Scared as hell, yes, but also ready for an adventure.", "\n\nI woke up before sunrise on the morning of my first day on the Arizona Trail. ", "I was nervous, but excited knowing I would have my aunt joining me as I hiked the first 50 miles over the next five days. ", "In many ways she has inspired me to find a love in backpacking, and I was happy to finally share that passion with her. ", "She and I set out early that morning to catch a shuttle to Montezuma Pass with 3 other hikers I had met online several weeks before starting the trail. ", "As a group we made plans to try and hike at least the first 120 miles together. ", "It comforted me knowing that I had connections along the trail, and I was thrilled to be creating new friendships.", "\n\nOur group ready to start our first day on the Arizona Trail.", "\n\nAfter a drive up a long and winding gravel road, we arrived at the Montezuma Pass parking lot in the late morning. ", "Mile 0 of the Arizona trail starts 1.7 miles from the parking lot and retraces its’ steps back. ", "Since my aunt did not intend to thru-hike the entire AZT, she kindly opted to stay in the parking area with our backpacks while we hiked the first 3.4 miles to the Mexican border and back. ", "This was it – we were finally starting this incredible journey!", "\n\nSigning the National Registry for the Arizona Trail\n\nSign near the Mexican border on the Arizona Trail\n\nThe monument at the Mexican border for the beginning of the Arizona Trail\n\nOur group at the Mexican border at the beginning of the Arizona Trail\n\nThe morning was nice with mild temperatures, blue skies and pure sunshine. ", "The first 1.7 miles of the trail descent down towards the Mexican border, making it a fairly easy hike. ", "The next 1.7 miles back up towards the parking lot weren’t as easy since we were finally starting our ascent up the Huachuca Mountains. ", "By the time we reached the parking lot we were parched and happy to take shelter in the shade for lunch.", "\n\nHiking back up towards Montezuma Pass from the Mexican border, Arizona Trail\n\nDuring our lunch break at Montezuma Pass we had the opportunity to meet the founder of Warrior Expeditions along with three of his warriors kicking of their hike on the Arizona Trail. ", "I was so excited to be starting my hike surrounded by so many people. ", "I was energized and ready to throw on my pack and really start this adventure. ", "My aunt took our first ten steps together side by side grinning from ear to ear.", "\n\nMy aunt and I about to take our first steps on the Arizona Trail\n\nWe set out on the Arizona Trail with a goal of making it to Bathtub Spring that evening hiking 6.6 more miles. ", "Right away the climb up was tough – temperatures were warming and the trail was completely exposed. ", "All morning my body wasn’t feeling 100%, but I assumed it was just nerves. ", "As the day progressed I continued to feel uneasy, but was able to slowly hike on. ", "The next four miles of the trail gain over 3000′ of elevation as it makes its’ way up towards the spine of the Huachuca Mountains.", "\n\nLooking south towards Montezuma Pass, Arizona Trail\n\nArizona Trail near Montezuma Pass\n\nArizona Trail\n\nAt some point my aunt and I stopped to rest in a rare shady spot, and one of our hiking partners arrived shortly thereafter. ", "He notified us that our other hiking partner was feeling ill after hiking a few miles. ", "She and her daughter decided to take shelter in their tent until feeling well enough to continue hiking on. ", "We suspected altitude sickness considering we started our hike at 6000′ and would be ending the day at just over 9000′. We stayed connected using our gps devices communicating about potential camping spots along the way up. ", "Unfortunately, it wasn’t long before we all realized that the best decision for our ill hiking partner was to leave the trail as her symptoms continued to worsen. ", "By the time the three of us reached the highest point of our hike, we were exhausted and still had more miles to go.", "\n\nJust after reaching our high point for the day on the Huachuca Mountains, Coronado National Forest\n\nAs we hiked along the ridgeline of the Huachuca Mountains, the sun was beginning to set which created an urgency to move quicker. ", "The terrain changed with every turn of a corner, and before we knew it the sun had set and all of that beauty had whizzed by. ", "Thankfully, we stumbled into the area near Bathtub Spring with moments of light to spare. ", "We were even more grateful that the warriors were camping in the area and happy to share the very tight quarters with our group. ", "I have never seen six tents in a smaller area!", "\n\nWith headlamps running, the three of us set up our tents in the dark of night. ", "Shortly thereafter I puked behind a tree nearby. ", "My body had finally lost the battle with altitude sickness and I was feeling awful. ", "It took everything I had to drink water, send out sad messages to my husband on my Garmin about how awful the night was, and try not to fall asleep with dried bananas in my mouth that I was forcing myself to eat. ", "It was a very crazy first day on the Arizona Trail.", "\n\nBut it wasn’t until the middle of the first night on the trail that things really started to get crazy. ", "It was very cold with temperatures less than 30°, and as the night progressed a fierce wind storm blew in. ", "All I could hear is what appeared to be the cracking sounds of trees swaying in the wind around me. ", "I continued to imagine myself being crushed by a giant tree inside my tiny tent. ", "As time passed into the early morning hours, the wind storm brought rain, that turned to hail, and eventually turned to snow.", "\n\nDay two: Bathtub Spring to Parker Canyon Lake trailhead\n\n12.5 miles / 3000’+ elevation loss\n\nI woke up on the second day in southern Arizona surrounded by a light dusting of snow. ", "I crawled out of my tent still feeling sick to my stomach with shortness of breath. ", "I forced myself to eat a hot breakfast and hurriedly packed up for the days’ long hike ahead. ", "Our goal was to make it to the Parker Canyon Lake trailhead where we would be dry camping for the night.", "\n\nThe morning was beautiful as we hiked along the ridgeline of the Huachuca Mountains heading north. ", "As we made our way down the western side of the mountain range, the trail switched back and forth descending through diverse terrains. ", "We started our day with a chill in the air walking through patches of snow, and ended the day in the warm desert.", "\n\nMy aunt hiking down the western side of the Huachuca Mountains, Arizona Trail\n\nA view of Parker Canyon Lake viewed from the Huachuca Mountains, Arizona Trail\n\nAs I hiked down into a lower elevation I began to feel much better and was able to hike at a pretty good pace. ", "The downhill trek was toe-pounding and by the time we reached the base of the mountains my feet were beginning to get pretty sore. ", "I welcomed the flatter section as we made our way through Sunnyside Canyon. ", "A small creek flowed, only a trickle at times, alongside the trail for nearly 3 miles. ", "Near the end of what we believed was our last water source for the day, our group stopped and filtered water. ", "I carried 6 liters of water for the last 4 miles of the hike, hoping it would be enough until our next water source the following day. ", "Funny thing was, we continued to see water almost the entire way in intermittent pools along Scotia Canyon.", "\n\nBy the time we reached our destination after hiking more than 12 miles, we were spent. ", "Well, my aunt and I were spent, but our other hiking partner was an experienced section hiker who was just getting started. ", "It was at this time my aunt let me know she couldn’t hike any further. ", "She was planning to hitch a ride from Parker Canyon Lake campground the following morning.", "\n\nArriving at our destination with little daylight to spare once again, we hurriedly setup camp and prepared a hot dinner before sunset. ", "After a certain point in the day, I stopped looking around me, stopped taking pictures, stopped enjoying the moment. ", "During the sunset on the second evening of my hike on the Arizona Trail I was able to stop and look around me and be in that “Kodak memory moment,” as my aunt would say.", "\n\nThat evening was emotional for me and I had a lot to think about. ", "Even though I knew my plans would be shifted as soon as I started the trail, I was panicking as it felt like everything was falling apart around me. ", "What started out as a group of 5 was now down to a group of 2. ", "My only hiking partner was a skilled section hiker with plans to hike 15+ miles each day; a pace I could never keep up with. ", "My options at this point were to either continue hiking the trail alone or leave the trail with my aunt and regroup.", "\n\nOn day 3 of my thru-hike attempt on the AZT I decided to get off the trail. ", "I hoped to reconnect with my original hiking partner and her daughter and get back on the trail soon. ", "It was a bittersweet moment that morning as we said farewell to our new friend who was continuing his journey along the Arizona Trail alone. ", "I was so proud of those people that could hike on, but so disappointed in myself for not being able to.", "\n\nThrough the kindness of others and connections we had already made on the trail in only 3 days, my aunt and I found our way back to Patagonia Lake State Park. ", "It was here where I spent the next two days reconnecting with my original hiking partner and coming up with a new game plan to get back onto the Arizona Trail. ", "This adventure was not over yet.", "\n\nThis morning I woke up filled with anticipation to finally start making my way towards southern Arizona. ", "My aunt and I loaded up her RV preparing for our upcoming adventure on the Arizona Trail. ", "The RV will be our base camp until we start our hike on Monday morning. ", "We left Cottonwood full of excitement for the journey we are about to take. ", "After dropping off two re-supply boxes with a good friend in Phoenix, we arrived at Catalina State Park in the late afternoon. ", "We couldn’t have asked for a better evening in the Arizona dessert. ", "Once we had settled into our new temporary home, we took a stroll through the park watching the sunset over the mountains to the west.", "\n\nI finally arrived in Arizona earlier this week and have been packing like crazy for my thru-hike on the Arizona Trail. ", "I arrived at my aunts’ house to a pile of various packages (most of them from Amazon.)", "\n\nPackages piled up for AZT re-supply boxes.", "\n\nIt took a few days, but I have turned the pile into 10 neatly organized and packed re-supply boxes ready to be shipped and delivered throughout the state.", "\n\nAZT re-supply boxes almost completed.", "\n\nI had the pleasure of hand delivering one box to an old friend yesterday while visiting Jerome, AZ. ", "It was a nice break from all the madness that comes from prepping for a long distance hike. ", "I spent the afternoon having good conversation, and even managed to squeeze in a short hike. ", "This afternoon I will be shipping my first two boxes – one to Colossal Cave Mountain Park, and one to The General Kearny Inn. ", "This is all starting to get very real!", "\n\nThe first two re-supply boxes to go in the mail.", "\n\nThis is my first of many blog posts from my iPhone 6s. ", "With limited resources during my adventure, and I’m sure as hell not carrying a laptop with me, I’ll be using my phone to blog along the way. ", "Next Monday, March 27 is go time! ", "I can’t wait for the journey that lies ahead. ", "Happy trails!" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

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[ "1. ", "Introduction {#sec1}\n===============\n\nOxidative stress (OS) can be defined as a state of cellular imbalance between the production and the physiological capacity to neutralize reactive species \\[[@B1]\\]. ", "Current understanding of this phenomenon includes the potential damage that this imbalance may inflict to macromolecules, such as lipids, proteins, and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) \\[[@B2]\\]. ", "Also, decreased control of mitochondrial respiration and decreased integrity of the sarcoplasmic reticulum are known to be OS related \\[[@B3]\\]. ", "Therefore, it is not a surprise that chronic OS has been found to be associated with the aging process \\[[@B4], [@B5]\\], as well with several diseases, such as atherosclerosis, metabolic syndrome, and cancer \\[[@B6]\\].", "\n\nThe term reactive species encompasses a wide range of chemical substances. ", "Although nitrogen, iron, copper, and sulfur species are encountered, reactive oxygen species (ROS) like hydrogen peroxide (H~2~O~2~), superoxide (O~2~·^−^), and the hydroxyl radical (·OH) are mostly examined \\[[@B4]\\]. ", "Generally, it has been assumed that an increase in oxygen consumption by mitochondria would lead to an augmented formation of ROS at the electrical transport chain \\[[@B3]\\]. ", "So, it could be expected that physical exercise would acutely increase ROS production by increasing oxygen consumption. ", "Indeed, scientific evidence from the 80s and 90s demonstrated that acute physical exercise triggers the overproduction of ROS and enhances OS in rats \\[[@B7], [@B8]\\]. ", "Nowadays, there is no doubt that intense muscle contractile activity can also result in OS in humans \\[[@B3]\\]. ", "Plenty of recent evidence shows that acute aerobic \\[[@B9]\\], anaerobic \\[[@B10], [@B11]\\], and strength exercise \\[[@B12], [@B13]\\] triggers the production of ROS, even though it is a transient phenomenon.", "\n\nBased on the evidence of increased OS after a single bout of exercise \\[[@B14]\\], the interest of scientists and physically active people upon exogenous antioxidant supplementation raised during the last decades. ", "Noteworthy, consumption of antioxidant compounds is widely spread \\[[@B15]\\] and varies from 16% among recreational exercisers to 50% among elite athletes in the United States of America (USA) \\[[@B16]\\]. ", "Amateur and professional athletes are particularly interested in preventing the damaging effects of ROS. ", "Antioxidant supplementation could, supposedly, prevent this damage and thereby reduce fatigue and enhance muscle performance with such supplementation \\[[@B16]\\]. ", "In addition, regular consumption of dietary supplements (including antioxidants) was found to be high among USA college students who wanted to \"increase muscle strength\" and \"enhance performance\" \\[[@B17]\\].", "\n\nAmong the most reported antioxidant supplements in the literature are vitamins C (i.e., ascorbic acid) and E (i.e., tocopherol). ", "Vitamin C is water-soluble and present on the cytosolic compartment of the cells \\[[@B18]\\]. ", "It is known not only by its antioxidant properties, but also by bone and cartilage maintenance, hormone synthesis, and immunity \\[[@B19]\\]. ", "Vitamin E is fat-soluble and found in virtually all cell membranes \\[[@B18]\\]. ", "As a lipophilic antioxidant, vitamin E protects membranes from being oxidatively damaged by ROS. ", "Also, its biological roles include immune function and gene expression \\[[@B19], [@B20]\\]. ", "Of note, vitamin C serves as an electrical donor to vitamin E radicals generated in the cell membrane during OS \\[[@B18]\\]. ", "Moreover, previous results indicate that combined supplementation with vitamins C and E enhances cytokine production in healthy adults and therefore could be more immunopotentiating than supplementation with either vitamin alone \\[[@B21]\\]. ", "So, some researchers started to seek for understanding the effects of combining vitamin C and E supplementation on exercise-induced OS and adaptations \\[[@B22], [@B23]\\]. ", "Interestingly, some previous studies show that these two antioxidant vitamins in combination, or even alone, could acutely reduce markers of OS (i.e., malondialdehyde and protein carbonyls) after aerobic \\[[@B24]\\] and strength exercise \\[[@B25]\\].", "\n\nHowever, from a chronic perspective, recent investigations have demonstrated that ROS have relevant physiological actions that may upregulate skeletal muscle adaptations, such as mitochondrial biogenesis, induction of antioxidant defense, and hypertrophy \\[[@B26]\\]. ", "Indeed, it was also demonstrated that antioxidant vitamin supplementation on a regular basis hampers exercise training adaptation in animals \\[[@B27]\\]. ", "So, a change in the understanding of ROS role in training adaptations is underway. ", "On this matter, research on strength exercise models in humans is scarce and the first published investigations came up with conflicting results. ", "While some reported a positive effect of vitamins C and E on muscle mass and plasma antioxidant status of elderly people \\[[@B28], [@B29]\\], others showed negative effects on muscle thickness \\[[@B30]\\] and bone mineral density \\[[@B31]\\]. ", "Regarding young people, available findings show that supplementation may actually hamper strength gain \\[[@B32], [@B33]\\] or is ineffective \\[[@B34], [@B35]\\].", "\n\nOnce strength training (ST) is well known to be a potent stimulus to physiological and performance adaptations (i.e., increase in muscle strength and hypertrophy) \\[[@B36], [@B37]\\], a better understanding of the effects of this supplementation strategy combined with ST in a long-term basis has yet to emerge. ", "Moreover, although there are published systematic reviews about the effect of proteins \\[[@B38]\\] and other vitamins \\[[@B39], [@B40]\\] on muscle strength and mass, there is no published systematic review about vitamin C and E effect on ST adaptations. ", "Thus, the aim of this systematic review was to summarize evidence from randomized controlled trials that examined the effect of ST combined with vitamin C and E supplementation on skeletal muscle mass and strength.", "\n\n2. ", "Materials and Methods {#sec2}\n========================\n\n2.1. ", "Protocol and Registration {#sec2.1}\n------------------------------\n\nThe present review was accredited under the number CRD42017078761 in the *International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews* (PROSPERO). ", "Also, this work is in line with the recommendations of the PRISMA statement to report systematic reviews \\[[@B41]\\].", "\n\n2.2. ", "Eligibility Criteria {#sec2.2}\n-------------------------\n\nThis systematic review was performed according to the PICO acronym: Population: healthy and/or nonhealthy adult and elderly humans; Intervention: strength training combined with vitamin C and E supplementation; Comparator: strength training without supplementation or no intervention; Outcomes: variables related to muscle strength and/or muscle hypertrophy. ", "Eligible studies to compose the present review were placebo-controlled clinical trials with a minimum of four-week duration. ", "Only studies of ST combined with vitamin C and E supplementation were selected, regardless of the vitamin\\'s dosage. ", "In addition, only studies written in English were considered eligible. ", "These criteria ensure the methodological quality of interventions and provide specific information for human performance and sport scientists. ", "Exclusion criteria were animal models\\' studies, reviews, case reports, books, conference abstracts, and MSc/PhD thesis.", "\n\n2.3. ", "Search and Study Selection {#sec2.3}\n-------------------------------\n\nTwo independent authors performed an electronic search between 10/30/2018 and 11/27/2018. ", "Electronic search for articles was completed at PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Google Scholar. ", "Search for full articles was conducted by adopting the following strategy: (\"strength training\" OR \"resistance training\" OR \"eccentric training\") AND (\"antioxidant supplementation\" OR \"vitamin c\" OR \"vitamin e\" OR \"ascorbic acid\" OR \"alpha tocopherol\"). ", "Studies were first carefully analyzed by their titles and abstracts. ", "After exclusion of articles not meeting inclusion criteria, the remaining full texts were critically read and some of them were finally selected to be included in the qualitative synthesis of the present work. ", "Once studies were identified, two independent reviewers screened titles and abstracts for relevance. ", "In cases of disagreement, a third reviewer was consulted. ", "The same reviewers analyzed the full text to determine the studies to be included. ", "The reference list of the articles included was consulted to find possible additional studies. ", "Duplicated items were removed by importing the search results into Mendeley Desktop 1.19.2.", "\n\n2.4. ", "Data Extraction {#sec2.4}\n--------------------\n\nData collected were authors, year, study design, population and recruitment, number of participants, age, training description and control groups, assessment protocol, and outcomes. ", "The continuous data to perform the meta-analysis were extracted by one reviewer and checked by a second reviewer. ", "Disagreements were resolved through discussion. ", "The values were entered into a database on Excel Software before the use of Review Manager Software (version 5.3.5).", "\n\nIn order to investigate the effects of supplementation, we planned to perform two analyses: (1) the effects on muscle strength and (2) the effects on muscle hypertrophy. ", "Considering that the few studies included regarding muscle hypertrophy presented different instruments to assess muscle structure (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, DEXA; ultrasound, US; magnetic resonance imaging, MRI) and different populations (adults and older adults), the meta-analysis for muscle hypertrophy outcome was not employed. ", "Furthermore, one of these studies did not provide the values of the outcome to perform the analysis. ", "We tried to contact the author by email, but we had no response. ", "With respect to muscle strength outcome, considering the included studies that used only the isokinetic equipment to assess muscle strength, we performed one meta-analysis using the mean difference (MD: measures the absolute difference between the mean values in two groups in a clinical trial) and 95% of the confidence intervals were considered \\[[@B42]\\]. ", "To this analysis, we used changes from baseline, the standard deviation of changes from baseline (SD change) and the number of participants (\"*n*\") per group. ", "When a study did not report the data to estimate the SD change, the following equation was used:$$\\begin{matrix}\n{\\text{SD change} = \\sqrt{\\left( {\\left\\lbrack \\text{SD pre} \\right\\rbrack^{2} + \\left\\lbrack \\text{SD post} \\right\\rbrack^{2} - 2 \\times \\text{corr} - \\left\\lbrack \\text{pre, post} \\right\\rbrack \\times \\text{SD pre} \\times \\text{SD post}} \\right)}.} \\\\", "\n\\end{matrix}$$\n\nConsidering that the included papers had distinct intervention parameters and settings, a random-effects model (interstudy heterogeneity) was always employed in the meta-analysis. ", "Finally, a sensitivity analysis was planned to identify if a specific study (forest plot inspection for outliers) changes the summary effect, by repeating the meta-analysis with one study omitted at a time. ", "The heterogeneity of the studies was assessed by the *I*^2^ statistic and 95% CI \\[[@B42]\\]. ", "An *I*^2^ statistic 0% to 30% might not be important, 30% to 60% may represent moderate heterogeneity, 50% to 90% may represent substantial heterogeneity, and 75% to 100% may represent considerable heterogeneity \\[[@B43]\\]. ", "Assessment of clinical relevance was made using three categories: small effect (MD \\< 10% of the scale; SMD \\< 0.5); medium effect (MD from 10% to 20% of the scale; SMD from 0.5 to 0.8); large effect (MD \\> 20% of the scale; SMD \\> 0.8) \\[[@B44]\\].", "\n\n2.5. ", "Methodological Quality Assessment {#sec2.5}\n--------------------------------------\n\nThe methodological quality of the identified RCTs was scored using the PEDro scale \\[[@B45]\\] that presents 11 items (random allocation; concealed allocation; baseline comparability; blind subjects; blind therapists; blind assessor; adequate follow-up; intention-to-treat-analysis; between groups comparisons; point estimates and variability), rated as \"yes\" or \"no.\" ", "The first item is not used for score calculation; thus, it ranges from 0 to 10 points. ", "Trials with a PEDro score ≥6 points were classified as high quality, while trials with a PEDro score \\<6 points were classified as low quality. ", "The assessment of selected studies was performed according to the Brazilian-Portuguese version of the PEDro scale.", "\n\n3. ", "Results {#sec3}\n==========\n\nDatabase search returned a total of 134 results. ", "Sixty-one duplicated items were removed, and 73 studies were found to be potentially eligible for this review. ", "After reading the titles, 49 studies were excluded (main reasons were usage of other types of supplements, less than four-week designs, acute studies, and aerobic exercise interventions). ", "So, 24 studies were selected for abstract analysis. ", "A critical reading of the abstracts was performed, and 16 studies were removed (9 were literature reviews, letter to the editor, or conference report; other reasons were usage of other antioxidants, lack of supplementation, and lack of muscle strength/hypertrophy analysis). ", "Therefore, 8 articles were fully read and critically analyzed for inclusion. ", "One of these articles was excluded at this stage because it did not present data on muscle strength and hypertrophy. ", "Consequently, seven studies were selected to be critically reviewed and discussed. [", "Figure 1](#fig1){ref-type=\"fig\"} presents the flow of the selection of articles of this review.", "\n\nAll articles included in the present review reached scores ranging from eight to ten in the PEDro scale, indicating high methodological quality. ", "Outcomes different from muscle strength and hypertrophy (i.e., insulin sensitivity, lipid profile, and biomarkers of OS) reported in the selected articles were not discussed as they are out of the scope of the present work. ", "The main characteristics and results of the selected articles are summarized in [Table 1](#tab1){ref-type=\"table\"}.", "\n\nA total of 3 studies (exercise + supplementation, *n* = 37; exercise + placebo, *n* = 34) were included in the meta-analysis of muscle strength (isokinetic equipment): Theodorou et al. ", "\\[[@B34]\\], Yfanti et al. ", "\\[[@B35]\\], and Dutra et al. ", "\\[[@B33]\\]. ", "There were no statistical differences on muscle strength gains between groups (MD = 5.09 N/m; 95% CI: −1.39 to 11.41; *Z* = 1.53; *P*=0.13) ([Figure 2](#fig2){ref-type=\"fig\"}).", "\n\n4. ", "Discussion {#sec4}\n=============\n\nThe present work aimed at reviewing the literature about the effect of ST combined with vitamin C and E supplementation on skeletal muscle mass and strength. ", "Seven studies were included in the qualitative synthesis, but not all of them were included in the meta-analysis due to the methodological reasons already mentioned. ", "The present discussion will first focus on strength gain outcomes and then on muscle hypertrophy.", "\n\nRegarding the effects of antioxidant supplementation on strength gains, six studies reported data and the results of four of them \\[[@B28], [@B30], [@B34], [@B35]\\] indicate that vitamin supplementation has no influence on strength gain. ", "Within these six studies, meta-analysis was done with the three studies that employed isokinetic assessment of muscle strength \\[[@B33]--[@B35]\\]. ", "Results of the meta-analysis confirmed that supplementation is innocuous regarding this outcome ([Figure 2](#fig2){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "In other words, vitamin supplementation was neither positive nor negative. ", "Importantly, the studies evaluated strength in the elderly after traditional \\[[@B28]\\] or an undulating model of periodization \\[[@B30]\\] or used isokinetic eccentric training in adult men \\[[@B34], [@B35]\\]. ", "Thus, it could be inferred that vitamin C and E supplementation is ineffective with respect to strength gains independent of the population (elderly/adults), and the manipulation of training variables such as type of training (traditional/eccentric), exercises, training frequency, and volume/intensity. ", "Furthermore, Paulsen and colleagues \\[[@B32]\\] showed that upper body strength gains were significantly higher in the placebo group (+17.1 vs. +7.6 % 1 RM gain) when compared to the supplemented group in a sample of young men and women after ten weeks of a progressive ST program. ", "Overall, these findings indicate that beyond ineffective, vitamin C and E supplementation could even be detrimental to strength gains in a long-term basis. ", "This is the opposite of what could be inferred from acute design studies, as well as from the logic \"conclusion\" that neutralizing exercise ROS production would be beneficial to performance.", "\n\nThere would be reasons to believe that supplementation could be beneficial, once it is reported in the literature that excessive exposure to ROS could decrease muscle capacity to generate force by affecting myofilament function and sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium regulation, leading to muscle fatigue \\[[@B46], [@B47]\\]. ", "However, it is also discussed that moderate amounts of ROS play a positive role in force generation and that there is an optimal cellular redox state in which conditions are ideal for muscle force production \\[[@B46]\\]. ", "In other words, chronic neutralization of ROS production during RT by supplementation could interfere with this endogenous/physiological balance and reduce ROS production to a level that is innocuous to improve muscle contractile activity. ", "Hence, chronic strength levels are unaffected or even mitigated in response to antioxidant vitamin supplementation.", "\n\nIn the present review, none of the five studies that reported data regarding muscle hypertrophy was included in the meta-analysis, but is also relevant to discuss their results. ", "Since the aging process is related to a physiological excess ROS production \\[[@B4], [@B5]\\], it could be hypothesized that antioxidant supplementation would prevent OS in the elderly and boost ST adaptations. ", "In line with this assumption, Bobeuf et al. ", "\\[[@B29]\\] investigated the effects of vitamin C (1000 mg) and E (600 mg) supplementation combined with ST in a sample of 48 sedentary elders of both sexes. ", "Participants of that study underwent a six-month high-intensity RT program (3 sets, 8 reps, 80% 1 RM). ", "The authors found that only participants who combined ST with supplementation presented fat-free mass gain (+1.5 kg) after the intervention. ", "They discuss that vitamin C and E supplementation likely reduced damage and/or increased protein synthesis induced by muscle contraction associated with ST. ", "However, they did not measure protein oxidation or synthesis. ", "Interestingly, a different result was reported in a subsequent study of Bobeuf et al. ", "\\[[@B28]\\] adopting the same protocol, but with a larger sample (*n* = 57). ", "The authors observed that not only one but both groups (ST combined with supplementation and ST without supplementation) presented a significant fat-free mass gain after 6 months compared to baseline. ", "Also, they did not observe fat-free mass differences between groups after the intervention. ", "Possibly, the larger sample size in the second study provided more power to the analysis and a more accurate result, as this was the only difference between their studies. ", "In this sense, the recent study of Bjørnsen et al. ", "\\[[@B30]\\] found that after 12 weeks of an undulating periodized RT program, *rectus femoris* thickness (+3.4 vs. +1.9 mm), as well as legs lean body mass (around 5% vs. 2% gain) of elderly men increased more in the placebo than in the supplemented group. ", "The authors discuss that the use of high-dose antioxidant supplementations to modulate the aging process could suppress physiologically important ROS-mediated actions, such as the activation of hypertrophy pathways. ", "Actually, it has been argued that ROS are signaling molecules to skeletal muscle anabolism \\[[@B48]\\], and this might be true when moderate amounts of ROS are produced as a consequence of muscle contractile activity. ", "Possible mechanistic explanation relies on muscle gene expression alteration induced by ROS via phosphorylation of kinases and transcriptional activating factors \\[[@B48]\\]. ", "As a matter of fact, a previous study demonstrated that oral administration of vitamin C attenuated hypertrophy induced by mechanical overload in rats \\[[@B49]\\]. ", "It seems like excess vitamins C and E may suppress hypertrophy pathways mediated by ROS, such as signaling of ERK1/2 and p70S6K \\[[@B49]\\] and this is in line with the result reported by Bjørnsen et al. ", "\\[[@B30]\\]. ", "Yet, it is still complex to explain why they found a result that is in the opposite direction when compared to Bobeuf et al. ", "\\[[@B29]\\], where only participants who combined ST with supplementation presented fat-free mass gain. ", "Of note, despite the methodological differences in the interventions, Bjørnsen and colleagues found an overall larger muscle mass gain that possibly enabled them to detect the \"adverse\" effects of the supplementation.", "\n\nTwo studies analyzed muscle mass adaptations in young men and women, and they found no effects of supplementation. ", "Participants from Paulsen et al. ", "\\[[@B32]\\] were allocated in supplemented (i.e., 1000 mg vitamin C and 235 mg vitamin E) or placebo groups and performed a traditional progressive ST regimen (3 to 4 sets, 6 to 7 exercises, 11 to 6 RM) for 10 weeks. ", "The authors found that cross-sectional areas of upper and lower body muscles increased similarly in supplemented and placebo groups (8.5 vs. 7.6% and 3.8 vs. 3.8%, respectively) after the intervention. ", "In the other study \\[[@B33]\\] participants were divided into vitamin (i.e., 1000 mg vitamin C and 400 IU of vitamin E), placebo, and control (i.e., no supplementation and no ST) groups. ", "Vitamin and placebo groups performed an ST program (2 to 4 sets, 4 exercises, 12 to 8 RM) for ten weeks. ", "After the intervention, the thickness of the *rectus femoris* muscle increased similarly in placebo (39.7 ± 5.2 to 42.5 ± 5.6 mm) and vitamin (37.2 ± 5.4 to 40.3 ± 5.6 mm) groups. ", "In other words, antioxidant supplementation did not boost muscle hypertrophy and this may be related to the recent and previously mentioned understanding that ROS are, in fact, signaling molecules to muscle adaptation.", "\n\nThere are some different findings (i.e., no effect; positive effect; negative effect) reported in the selected studies of the present review and they cannot be neglected. ", "However, conflicting results may be related to several methodological factors such as differences in periodization schemes, volume/intensity of training, methods of strength and hypertrophy assessment, trial duration, and age of the participants. ", "Basal levels of vitamins and supplementation dosage are as important as ST variables when it comes to the results. ", "In addition, training status of participants and gender are relevant issues to consider. ", "Three of the studies analyzed trained subjects \\[[@B32], [@B34], [@B35]\\]. ", "Importantly, OS in response to strength exercise sessions is minimal in trained subjects \\[[@B50], [@B51]\\]. ", "This could be related to the lack of effect of supplementation reported by some articles. ", "Similarly, three studies recruited a mixed sample of men and women \\[[@B28], [@B29], [@B32]\\], while only one recruited only women. ", "As women may present higher basal levels of vitamin E and some other antioxidants \\[[@B52]\\], it could be possible that gender influences the results of studies that analyzed mixed samples. ", "Nevertheless, the overall analysis and the meta-analysis of the present work allow coming to some relevant conclusions.", "\n\nIn summary, the results of the seven studies indicate that chronic supplementation of vitamins C and E has no positive/ergogenic effect on muscle strength. ", "Furthermore, studies show that it could even be detrimental \\[[@B32], [@B33]\\]. ", "Regarding muscle mass gain, most of the evidence suggests that this kind of supplementation does not potentiate skeletal muscle hypertrophy. ", "From the five reviewed studies, only one presented findings in favor of the supplementation \\[[@B29]\\], while three did not show any differences between groups \\[[@B28], [@B32], [@B33]\\] and one presented a negative effect of the supplementation \\[[@B30]\\]. ", "It is worthy to note that it was not possible to perform a meta-analysis with regard to muscle hypertrophy outcomes, and only three studies were included in the meta-analysis of muscle strength. ", "This absence of more studies in the meta-analysis may limit the discussion. ", "Yet, the present work certainly adds understanding to the state of the art of the topic.", "\n\nIt is also relevant to mention that evidence is growing on the biological roles of ROS and its cell signaling effects that may result in positive muscle adaptations \\[[@B48]\\]. ", "Yet, further investigation and critical appraisal of the situations that may warrant vitamin C and E supplementation (i.e., hypovitaminotic cases) in ST are welcome. ", "Of note, recent evidence suggests that antioxidant supplementation can be optimized in exercise contexts when the antioxidant status of each individual is taken into account \\[[@B53]\\]. ", "Also, the study of different intensities of ST and lower doses of vitamin supplementation combined with the assessment of OS markers and endogenous antioxidant capacity could provide science-based information to athletes, coaches, and recreational trainers who want to enhance skeletal muscle adaptations in a long-term basis.", "\n\nThis work was supported by a local funding agency Fundação de Apoio a Pesquisa do Distrito Federal. ", "This work was also supported by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), process number: 406109/2016-8.", "\n\nConflicts of Interest\n=====================\n\nThere are no conflicts of interest to disclose.", "\n\n{#fig1}\n\n{#fig2}\n\n###### \n\nMain characteristics and findings of the selected studies.", "\n\n ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n Study PEDro score Sample Training Duration Vitamins Strength Hypertrophy\n ----------------------------- ------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ----------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n Bobeuf et al. ", "\\[[@B29]\\] 10 *n* = 48 sedentary men and women (±65.5 y) 3x/wk; 7 exercises; 3 sets, 8 reps; 80% 1 RM; sit-ups included 6 months 600 mg/d vitamin E; 1000 mg/d vitamin C Data unavailable Fat-free mass gain (+1.5 kg) only in RT plus supplementation group\n\n \n\n Bobeuf et al. ", "\\[[@B28]\\] 10 *n* = 57 sedentary men and women (±65.3 y) 3x/wk; 7 exercises; 3 sets, 8 reps; 80% 1 RM; sit-ups included 6 months 600 mg/day vitamin E; 1000 mg/d vitamin C Significant and similar % 1 RM increase in RT (+65.0%) and RT plus supplementation (+78.2%) Fat-free mass gain NS between RT (+0.3 kg) and RT plus supplementation (+0.5 kg)\n\n \n\n Theodorou et al. ", "\\[[@B34]\\] 9 *n* = 28 trained men (±25.6 y in placebo, ±26.2 y in vitamins) Isokinetic eccentric; 2x/wk; 5 sets; 15 reps; 60°/s; seated position 11 weeks with 4 weeks of training 1000 mg/d vitamin C; 400 IU/d vitamin E for 11 weeks Isometric peak torque increased similarly (15% in placebo; 18% in vitamins) in both groups Data unavailable\n\n \n\n Paulsen et al. ", "\\[[@B32]\\] 9 *n* = 32 trained men and women (±27.0 y in vitamins, ±24.0 y in placebo) Traditional, progressive ST; 4x/wk; 3 to 4 sets; 6 to 7 exercises; 11 to 6 RM 10 weeks 1000 mg/d vitamin C; 235 mg/d vitamin E \\% 1 RM gain in bíceps curl greater in placebo group (+17.1 vs. +7.6); isometric force gain only in the placebo group CSA of upper (8.5 vs. 7.6%) and lower limbs (both 3.8%) increased similarly in vitamins and placebo groups The same for LBM\n\n Bjørnsen et al. ", "\\[[@B30]\\] 9 *n* = 34 sedentary elderly men (±68.0 years) Free weight exercises; weekly undulating periodization; 3x/wk 12 weeks 1000 mg/d vitamin C; 235 mg/d vitamin E Significant and similar 1 RM increase in placebo and antioxidants groups *Rectus femoris* thickness increased more in placebo (+3.4 vs. +1.9 mm). ", "The same for LBM (2.2 vs. 0.87 kg)\n\n \n\n Yfanti et al. ", "\\[[@B35]\\] 8 *n* = 16 trained men (±24.6 y in vitamins, ±25.9 y in control) Isokinetic eccentric; 2x/wk; 5 sets; 2 min rest; 15 reps; 60°/s in seated position 9 weeks with 4 weeks of training 1000 mg/d vitamin C; 400 IU/d vitamin E for 9 weeks Significant and similar peak torque increase in placebo (+6.6%) and vitamins group (7.9%) Data unavailable\n\n \n\n Dutra et al. ", "\\[[@B33]\\] 8 *n* = 42 untrained women (±23.7 y in vitamins, ±24.0 y in placebo, ±23.6 y in control) Traditional, progressive ST; 2x/wk; 2 to 4 sets; 4 exercises; 12 to 8 RM 10 weeks 1000 mg/d vitamin C; 400 IU/d vitamin E for 70 days Significant peak torque increases in placebo and vitamins. ", "Only placebo was different when compared with control (*P*=0.01)\\ *Rectus femoris* thickness increased similarly in placebo (39.7 to 42.5 mm) and vitamins group (37.2 to 40.3 mm)\n ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nRT: resistance training; y: years; wk: week; CSA: cross-sectional area; LBM: lean body mass; RM: repetition maximum.", "\n\n[^1]: Academic Editor: Nancy J. Rehrer\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Central" }

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[ "Q:\n\nHow to get selected value in select tag in rails edit view?", "\n\nI'm creating a select field with <%= f.select :gender, [['Male', 1], ['Female', 2]] %> for my rails app and using this piece of code to accomplish that. ", "The problem is - when I select a value and set it, in the edit view I get Male even if the user has selected Female and this setting has been saved to database. ", "\nWhat do I have to do to make the selected value show up in the edit view as well?", "\n\nA:\n\nI assume you are using SimpleForm or standard Rails form_for. ", "You should set \"selected\" option like this:\n<%= f.select :gender, [['Male', 1], ['Female', 2]], selected: f.object.gender %>\n\nIf you want to setup also default value, go for \"default\" option.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Taxi in rent is one of the latest taxi and car service provider in a Rohtak .If you want to book a car then We are providing online taxi booking in Rohtak at very profitable cost .If you should travel is planning for weekend get away with family or friends outside the Rohtak and you needs car hirein Rohtak, then you may be visit www.taxiinrent.com to book a cabor taxi in Rohtak, Haryana. ", "Taxi in rent is having broad range of online taxi from budget to luxury car rental in Rohtak . ", "We also provide taxi for group packages in Rohtak and car hire Rohtak to connecting places. ", "You can also checks Rohtak taxi services rates by visiting www.taxiinrent.com . ", "You can directly hire a cab in Rohtak. ", "Taxi in rent can fullfill your taxi or cab need at anytime and anywhere in Rohtak.", "\n\nHIRE A DRIVER IN ROHTAK, HARYANA:-\n\nTaxi in Rent is a platform where you can book a driver from comfort of your place at anytime and anywhere in Rohtak, Haryana .We make sure that the driver services provided by us are top notch and reliable and the goal we set for ourselves was to build a professional driver service to meet the needs of traveler in and around Rohtak. ", "The driver appointed with us are very highly experienced and go through a fully background verification test. ", "We have a traveler tariff structure; you don’t have to pay any hidden charges. ", "You only pay for the services you. ", "You can also call our contact no. ", "9540405353 to make a booking or get any clarification around our services because your satisfaction is our first priority. ", "Hence, we assure you the best driver service.", "\n\nBOOK A CARS FOR AN EVENTS IN ROHTAK, HARYANA:-\n\nLet us take the aggravation out of going to and departing from Special Events. ", "Nothing worse than trying to work out where you need to go to park the car and queuing endlessly to try and get away! ", "You can book this service for the following purpose:- taxi for marriage in Rohtak or car rental for wedding in Rohtak , taxi for rally in Rohtak , taxi for event in Rohtak, taxi for function in Rohtak, dulha car booking in Rohtak, Marriage Car Rental, Doli wali car in Rohtak, Planning a trip to the theatre or another special event in which you should need a cab services Why not make use of Taxi in Rent services to get you there refreshed and allow you to relax and enjoy your day without any limitation in Rohtak . ", "For booking a cabs and cars for special events you may visit our websites www.taxiinrent.com . ", "Here,you get a cabs and cars on rents with most affordable prices and also enjoying your events with great Fun & Frolic.", "\n\nBOOK A LUXURY CARS & CABS IN ROHTAK, HARYANA:-\n\nTravelling via the road has a charm of its own, something which adds to the trip experience. ", "In addition to that, you also get the freedom to explore places en route to the destination and the comfort of starting and stopping at your own convenience, With Taxi in Rent services, you can rent luxury and economy vehicles to head off to the places of your choice. ", "We have all kinds of vehicles available including Cars, Luxury Coaches, Minibuses, Tempo etc. ", "along with trained and experienced chauffeurs. ", "Our fleet of luxury vehicles is well equipped with all the necessary features on board to make sure you have a comfortable journey in every sense. ", "These features include Seating Capacity depending upon the number of people, Spacious 2x2 pushback seats, Air conditioning, Music system, Ample luggage space and Mic facility You can mail us a request for Luxury cab booking by visiting ourwww.taxiinrent.com and you can get luxury car rental rates at sufficient amount.." ]

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[ "I’ve written a lot about Chicago’s Italian Beef sandwich. ", "The easiest way to explain it to those not familiar is to say it’s a highly seasoned French Dip, but the “Dip” part is not on the side but involves dunking the entire sandwich in au jus (only if desired). ", "You can read my explanation of the origin if you like.", "\n\nThere are myriad restaurants that sell these marvels, many supplied by Chicago’s Vienna Beef Company, some shops that make their own. ", "Used to be another big supplier, Scala, but I don’t see their product anymore, so don’t know if they are around or not. ", "Devanco is another one, each of these probably does private label as well, and there are undoubtedly a number I don’t know about.", "\n\nMany of these companies package for retail sale, you can find them at Chicago area grocery stores. ", "I’ve tried and written about a lot of them, including Vienna and Mike Ditka’s for instance.", "\n\nEnter Buona Beef, a mini-chain of Chicagoland restaurants specializing in Chicago foods – Beef, hot dogs, burgers, pizza. ", "I visited one for the first time a few weeks ago, and it’s quality, good food, efficient (counter) service. ", "They are supplied by a commissary/factory that they own, and they are also in the private label business, but lately, I’m seeing product in the stores under their own label. ", "Italian Beef, Meatballs, and a couple other things in their line.", "\n\nThe product comes frozen solid in different weights. ", "It is priced competitively, (but I think they are all too high, actually, I’d buy more if it cost less). ", "I can tell you from experience (and the instructions on the package) THAW FIRST. ", "On an analog basis! (", "Meaning in the frig overnight or on the counter for a few hours – not in the microwave!). ", "Then eat on a very gentle basis in a saucepan, select your bun/rol (in Chicago, Turano’s seems to be the preference).", "\n\nTong the meat into the bun if you want it “dry,” add some jus to the bun if you want it “wet” or dunk the entire bun in jus for “wet.” ", "Chicagoans often have the sandwich dressed with “giardiniera” a mixture of finely diced pickled vegetables, which can be hot or mild. ", "Melted mozzarella on top? ", "That’s called a “cheezy beef.” ", "Wanna feel like a real insider? ", "Ask for a “Combo” which is an Italian Beef sandwich with an Italian sausage nestled in the beef (pictured).", "\n\nBuona’s grocery product is good, very flavorful, nice slices of pure muscle beef, not a chopped, pressed, formed product like some companies. ", "The ingredients list (pictured below) is straightforward and free of additives. ", "Up to this point in my life, as far as grocery store Italian Beef goes, Ditka’s was my favorite. ", "But now it’s a tie. ", "So I’ll buy by price from here on out.", "\n\nHaven’t tried Buona’s meatballs, will get around to that soon, I hope. ", "Buona does ship product, if you have a craving." ]

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[ "1. ", "Field of the Invention\nThe present invention relates generally to an apparatus and a method for receiving content rights through a multimedia message in a mobile communication terminal, and in particular, to an apparatus and a method for receiving attached contents along with a protected right object (RO) through a multimedia message in a mobile communication terminal.", "\n2. ", "Description of the Related Art\nDigital rights management (DRM) has been briskly studied, and commercial services adopting DRM have been introduced or are being introduced. ", "DRM refers to technology for protecting digital contents, which can be easily counterfeited and distributed without permission.", "\nIn the prior art efforts have been made to protect digital contents but focus on the prevention of disapproved or unauthorized access to the digital contents. ", "For example, access to digital contents is allowed to only users who have paid charges but disallowed to users who have not paid charges. ", "However, digital contents can be easily reused, processed, counterfeited, and distributed in terms of characteristics of digital data. ", "Therefore, if a user who has paid charges and accesses the digital contents the counterfeits or distributes the digital contents without permission, users who have not paid charges may use the digital contents.", "\nIn order to solve the above problem, DRM is employed to encrypt and distribute digital contents and provide a license called a Right Object (RO) necessary for using the encrypted digital contents.", "\nFIG. ", "1 illustrates a conventional mobile communication system for providing digital contents. ", "Referring to FIG. ", "1, terminals 122, 124, 126 desiring digital contents may obtain desired digital contents from content servers 112, 114, and 116. ", "Here, since the digital contents provided by content servers 112, 114, and 116 are encrypted, terminals 122, 124, and 126 require ROs to use the encrypted digital contents (hereinafter, contents).", "\nTerminals 122, 124, and 126 may pay fixed charges to obtain the ROs including rights to execute the contents from an RO issuing server 130. ", "The rights included in the ROs may be content encryption keys necessary for decoding the contents. ", "Here, RO issuing server 130 reports specifications of issuing of the ROs to content severs 112, 114, and 116. ", "If necessary, RO issuing server 130 and content servers 112, 114, and 116 may be the same subject. ", "Terminals 122, 124, and 126, which have obtained the ROs, use the contents using the ROs.", "\nAs described with reference to FIG. ", "1, an RO is generally not attached to a message but transmitted separately from contents attached to the message. ", "Thus, a user must receive the contents and then request and receive the RO.", "\nIf contents and an RO are attached to a message and then transmitted, the RO may be easily open-ended by a user. ", "Thus, the user may attach the RO to the message and then transmit the RO to another user without permission. ", "As a result, a content server may not obtain a just right to the contents. ", "Therefore, the RO must not be attached to the message along with the contents but transmitted separately from the contents.", "\nA format of a message transmitted from a Multimedia Messaging System (MMS) will now be described with reference to FIG. ", "2, and the message is referred to as a multimedia message in the present invention.", "\nFIG. ", "2 illustrates the format of a conventional multimedia message. ", "Referring to FIG. ", "2, the conventional multimedia message includes a message header 210 and a message body 220.", "\nThe message header 210 includes presentation position information 212 designating a presentation part 222. ", "Message body 220 includes presentation part 222 and a content part 224 including contents.", "\nPresentation part 222 includes only information indicating that each of the contents is to be output on how many pages in what second in which position of a display, i.e., only information which is not to be output to a user. ", "Presentation part 222 is not recognized as an attached part in the multimedia message." ]

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[ "The 1030 has the same cage grid as the 1040, the 1040 is just 6 inches longer. ", "It's sold as a \"rabbit\" trap, but it's perfect for the big grey squirrels with those long tails. ", "I use nothing but the 1040 - for squirrels, at least.", "\n\nI do have a couple of 1025s, which I lend out to my termite renewal customers who want to trap the chippies, but I never use them myself.", "\n\nI remember a customer that showed me a picture of a squirrel he caught in a 1025, he was really stuffed in there! ", "lol" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nWinston/Node.js how add a Transport only for certain environment?", "\n\nI have the follow configuration:\nvar winston = require('winston');\nvar Mail = require('winston-mail').Mail;\n\nvar logger = new (winston.", "Logger)({\n transports: [\n new (winston.transports.", "Console)({ level: 'info', colorize: true }),\n new (winston.transports.", "File)({ level: 'info', filename: './logs/logs.log',\n new (Mail)({\n to: 'xxxxxx@xxxxxx.xx',\n from: 'winston@xxxxx.xx',\n subject: 'Errors occurred',\n level: 'error',\n host: 'smtp.xxxxx.xx',\n username: 'xxxx@xxxx.xx', \n password: 'xxxxx',\n port: xxx\n })\n ],\n exceptionHandlers: [\n new (winston.transports.", "Console)(),\n new (winston.transports.", "File)({ filename: './logs/exceptions.log' }),\n new (Mail)({\n to: 'xxxxxx@xxxxxx.xx',\n from: 'winston@xxxxx.xx',\n subject: 'Errors occurred',\n level: 'error',\n host: 'smtp.xxxxx.xx',\n username: 'xxxx@xxxx.xx', \n password: 'xxxxx',\n port: xxx\n })\n ]\n});\n\nI'd like add the Mail transport only for production environment not in staging or development.", "\nI set a different log level as follow:\nif (process.env.", "NODE_ENV === 'development') {\n logger.transports.console.level = 'debug';\n logger.transports.file.level = 'debug';\n}\n\nThere is a way to do that also with transport?", "\n\nA:\n\nThe transports configuration is just a plain old Array. ", "So we can use all the usual tricks on it. ", "In this case, you want a conditional push().", "\nconst winston = require('winston');\nconst transports = [\n new winston.transports.", "Console({\n level : 'info',\n colorize : true\n }),\n new winston.transports.", "File({\n level : 'info',\n filename : './logs/logs.log'\n })\n];\n\nif (process.env.", "NODE_ENV === 'production') {\n const Mail = require('winston-mail').Mail;\n\n transports.push(new Mail({\n to : 'xxxxxx@xxxxxx.xx',\n from : 'winston@xxxxx.xx',\n subject : 'Errors occurred',\n level : 'error',\n host : 'smtp.xxxxx.xx',\n username : 'xxxx@xxxx.xx', \n password : 'xxxxx',\n port : 1234\n }));\n}\n\nconst logger = new winston.", "Logger({\n transports\n});\n\nThis code should be usable as is on Node.js >= 4, after filling in the mail configuration placeholders.", "\nThe same principle can be applied to the exceptionHandlers.", "\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

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[ "1. ", "Field of the Invention\nThe present invention relates to a semiconductor device, a display device, and an electronic device.", "\n2. ", "Description of the Related Art\nA shift register circuit is a circuit which operates such that content thereof is shifted by one stage each time a pulse is applied. ", "Utilizing this property, shift registers are used in circuits for mutual conversion of serial signals and parallel signals. ", "Such circuits which convert serial signals to parallel signals, or convert parallel signals to serial signals are mainly used for networks having circuits connected to each other. ", "The number of transmission paths for connecting circuits to each other and transmitting signals in a network is often small relative to the amount of data to be transmitted. ", "In such cases, parallel signals are converted into serial signals in a transmitter circuit and are sequentially sent to a transmission path, and serial signals that have been sequentially sent are converted into parallel signals in a receiver circuit. ", "Thus, signals can be exchanged using a small number of transmission paths.", "\nA display device display images by controlling the luminance of each pixel in accordance with image signals inputted from the outside. ", "Here, since it is difficult to use a number of transmission paths of image signals from the outside that is equivalent to the number of pixels, it is necessary to subject the image signals to serial-parallel conversion. ", "Therefore, shift registers are used in both a circuit which transmits image signals to the display device and a circuit for driving the display device which receives the image signals.", "\nA CMOS circuit combining an n-channel transistor and a p-channel transistor is usually used in the above-described shift register circuit. ", "However, in order to form a CMOS circuit combining an n-channel transistor and a p-channel transistor over the same substrate, it is necessary to form transistors having conductivity types opposite to each other over the same substrate, so the manufacturing process inevitably becomes complex. ", "Consequently, increase in cost or decrease in yield of semiconductor devices results.", "\nTherefore, a circuit having transistors which all have the same polarity (also referred to as a unipolar circuit) has been devised. ", "A unipolar circuit makes it possible to omit some of the steps in the manufacturing process, such as the step of adding an impurity element. ", "Thereby, increase in cost and decrease in yield can be suppressed.", "\nFor example, consider the case of forming a logic circuit in which all the transistors have n-channel polarity. ", "This circuit has a problem in that when a potential with a high potential power supply is outputted, in accordance with the threshold of the n-channel transistors, voltage of an output signal is attenuated compared to voltage of an input signal. ", "Therefore, a circuit called a bootstrap circuit is widely used so that the voltage of an output signal is not attenuated. ", "A bootstrap circuit is realized when the gate electrode of a transistor capacitively coupled with an output terminal is floated after a transistor connected to the high potential power supply is turned ON so that current begins flowing through a channel. ", "Thus, the electric potential of the output terminal rises and the electric potential of the gate electrode of the transistor also rises correspondingly, so as to eventually exceed the potential of the high potential power supply plus the threshold voltage of the transistor. ", "Thereby, the potential of the output terminal can be made almost equivalent to the potential of the high potential power supply.", "\nUsing such a bootstrap circuit, a semiconductor device in which output potential is not attenuated even in the case of using a unipolar transistor can be realized. ", "Further, a shift register circuit can be formed using the bootstrap circuit (for example, Reference 1: Japanese Published Patent Application No. ", "2002-215118 and Reference 2: SID2005, p. 1050, “An Improved Dynamic Ratio Less Shift Register Circuit Suitable for LTPS-TFT LCD Panels”)." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds" }

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[ "603 F.2d 361\n202 U.S.P.Q. 785\nCHAMPION SPARK PLUG COMPANY, Plaintiff-Appellee,v.The GYROMAT CORPORATION, Defendant-Appellant.", "\nNo. ", "823, Docket 78-7556.", "\nUnited States Court of Appeals,Second Circuit.", "\nArgued May 3, 1979.Decided July 2, 1979.", "\n\nFritz L. Schweitzer, Jr., Mandeville & Schweitzer, New York City, for defendant-appellant.", "\nVincent L. Barker, Jr., Toledo, Ohio (David D. Murray and Mark C. Schaffer, Barker, Emch, Schaffer & Todd Co., L.P.A., Toledo, Ohio, of counsel), for plaintiff-appellee.", "\nBefore GURFEIN and MESKILL, Circuit Judges, and MILLER, Judge.*", "\nMILLER, Judge:\n\n\n1\nThis appeal is from the decision and judgment (unreported) of the District Court for the District of Connecticut declaring invalid and unenforceable claims 5 and 6 of U. S. Patent No. ", "3,219,276 (\"Plural Nozzles Having Intersecting Spray and Control Therefor\"), issued November 23, 1965,1 to Edward O. Norris, whose rights to the patent were acquired by appellant from the Norris estate following his death in 1968.2 We reverse.", "\n\nThe Invention\n\n2\nThe invention relates to fluid (E. g. paint) spraying devices. ", " The essential features, insofar as the involved claims are concerned, are illustrated in Figure 1 of the patent. ", " Devices 29 are spray gun nozzles which issue a fine spray of highly charged particles (E. g. paint) toward a workpiece 44 to be sprayed. ", " In order to spray the surface of a large workpiece, electrostatic spray guns 27 are moved up and down by means of a reciprocator slide 15. ", " As they move up and down (in relation to a stationary source of spray fluid), the pressure of the spray from the guns varies with the height of the guns, there being a loss of pressure when the reciprocator slide moves the guns upward and a gain in pressure when it moves the guns downward. ", " This occurs because of the change in height of a vertical column of the spray fluid. ", " For example, if the stationary source of spray fluid is at floor level, the fluid must travel upward to reach the guns; and it must move upward a greater distance when the guns are at the top of their stroke than when the guns are at the bottom of their stroke. ", " This greater upward travel of the fluid results in a greater weight of fluid pressing downward in opposition to the pressure from the stationary source of the fluid.3 Without more, a loss in pressure would cause less fluid (E. g. paint) to be applied to the workpiece when the guns are in their highest position and more to be applied to the workpiece when the guns are in their lowest position, with variations in between.", "\n\n\n3\nNOTE: OPINION CONTAINS TABLE OR OTHER DATA THAT IS NOT VIEWABLE\n\n\n4\nThe problem of pressure variation with the changing vertical movement is solved by adjustable, fluid pressure regulators 37 (\"control valves\"), which are mounted on the reciprocator slide 15 and move up and down with the spray guns. ", " There is one regulator for each gun. ", " The fluid pressure to be delivered to the guns is determined by adjustment of the pressure regulators, also known as \"primary regulators.\" ", " Because these pressure regulators and the guns move up and down together, the fluid pressure Between the regulators and the guns does not vary during vertical reciprocation. ", "Although the fluid pressure from the stationary source to the Input side of the regulators 37 varies during vertical reciprocation, the regulators compensate for such variation, providing a steady pressure at the Output side for delivery of the fluid to the spray guns.", "\n\n\n5\nA standard fluid pressure regulator is adjusted by a manually-controlled knob, thumb screw, or similar device. ", " However, when the apparatus is in operation, such adjustment \"on-the-fly\" (I.e., without stopping the reciprocating spraying apparatus) is difficult.4 To meet this problem, the Norris '276 patent replaces the manual control of the primary regulator with a stationary, remote, secondary Air pressure regulator (202a). ", " This regulates the pressure of air that flows to the primary regulator through flexible plastic tube 192. ", " By adjusting the air pressure, the variable output of the vertically moving primary regulator is controlled, and the control is precise because the weight of the air in tube 192 remains practically constant while the tube moves up and down with the reciprocator slide.", "\n\nThe Claims\n\n6\nThe involved claims 5 and 6 refer to claims 3 and 4, which were disclaimed by appellant Gyromat in earlier litigation involving the '276 patent (Gyromat Corp. v. H. G. Fischer & Co., 167 U.S.P.Q. 326 (N.D.Ill.1970)) and are reproduced in the footnote below.5 Claims 5 and 6 read as follows:\n\n\n7\n5. ", "Apparatus as set forth in claim 4 in which said adjusting means comprises a pressure actuated diaphragm and means including a remote pressure control valve connected to control the pressure applied to said diaphragm for thereby varying the pressure supplied by said first control valve to said nozzle.", "\n\n\n8\n6. ", "Apparatus as set forth in claim 5 in which said pressure control valve is connected to said first control valve by a flexible coupling having insulating characteristics and an electrostatic potential is supplied to said nozzle for charging the spray material ejected therefrom.", "\n\nPrior Art\n\n9\nAll but two of the essential features of the invention described above are to be found in claims 3 and 4. ", " These features have been disclaimed by appellant, and the parties agree that they may be considered prior art; also appellant does not dispute the district court's findings that the flexible coupling in claim 6 is old in the art. ", " As to a stationary, remote, secondary (air) pressure regulator controlling pressure in a primary regulator that \"reciprocates through a vertical plane,\" the district court found that this was not disclosed by the prior art. ", " With respect to this feature, the district court commented that \"the combination of a self-relieving pressure regulator connected to a Stationary fluid regulator\" is \"well known.\" ", " (Emphasis added.)6Proceedings Below\n\n\n10\nThe district court based its determination that claims 5 and 6 were invalid on its holding that the subject matter of the claims was obvious for purposes of 35 U.S.C. § 103.7 As we have seen, the critical subject matter of both claims is the stationary, remote, secondary pressure regulator controlling pressure in a primary regulator that \"reciprocates through a vertical plane.\"", "\n\n\n11\nIn declining to follow Judge Hoffman's holding of validity of claims 5 and 6 in Gyromat Corp. v. H. G. Fischer & Co., supra, the district court noted that two of the remotely-controlled regulators cited in Fischer contained no bleed holes and that \"the third was clearly not suitable for a paint spraying device since the bleeding means was placed in a portion of the system that corresponded to the paint line of a spray paint device\"; also that Judge Hoffman had rested his conclusion of nonobviousness \"in part\" on the bleed device disclosed in the Norris '276 patent in stating:\n\n\n12\nThe provision of a manually controlled air pressure regulator, with a continuously bled regulated output, for effecting the precise control of paint pressure in a reciprocating spray apparatus was not \"obvious\" within the meaning of 35 U.S.C. § 103.", "\n\n\n13\n167 U.S.P.Q. at 341. ", " The court below went on to point out that Champion had cited prior art references which the parties agreed disclosed bleed holes in pressure regulating systems. ", " It then said:\n\n\n14\nThus the issue is whether the combination of two components, a self-relieving pressure regulator and a reciprocating fluid regulator, was obvious within the meaning of § 103 of the Patent Act of 1952. ", " Each component was well-known. ", " Also well-known was the combination of a self-relieving pressure regulator connected to a stationary fluid regulator. ", " Was it \"obvious\" to decide to connect a self-relieving pressure regular to a (vertically) reciprocating fluid regulator?", "\n\n\n15\nHaving analyzed the scope and content of the prior art and the difference between the prior art and the subject matter of claims 5 and 6, the district court considered the level of skill of a person of ordinary skill in the art to which said subject matter pertained as of 1962 (the time when the Norris invention was made). ", " Graham v. John Deere Co., 383 U.S. 1, 86 S.Ct. ", "684, 15 L.Ed.2d 545, 148 U.S.P.Q. 459 (1966). ", " It found that the pertinent art was \"the field of hydraulics and fluid controls,\" and that the testimony of Champion's expert, Russell Henke, \"is persuasive that in 1962 the idea of connecting a pressure regulator to a (vertically) reciprocating fluid regulator required no more than the ordinary skill of a mechanic reasonably knowledgeable in the field of hydraulics and fluid controls.", "\"8\n\n\n16\nStating that the benefit of hindsight is to be discounted,9 the district court concluded as follows:\n\n\n17\nWhile the combination of components achieved a useful result, it was the same result to be expected whenever a fluid regulator is remotely controlled by a pressure regulator. ", " The fact that the fluid regulator is (vertically) reciprocating presented no special problem either in deciding to use a remotely controlled pressure regulator or selecting means to accomplish its connection. ", " . . .", "\n\n\n18\n. . . ", " That the fluid regulator in the patent reciprocates while the secondary pressure regulator remains stationary is not, on the evidence presented, a sufficiently different change in the context in which the combination of components operates to be considered a new function or a non-obvious improvement.", "\n\n\n19\nIn responding to Gyromat's argument that Champion failed to come up with the idea of attaching a remote pressure regulator to a vertically reciprocating fluid regulator until after its personnel had seen such an arrangement constructed by the Fischer Company,10 the district court said:\n\n\n20\nThere is no evidence that plaintiff's (Champion's) staff was using a traveling fluid regulator but was unable to come up with a device for remotely controlling it.", "\n\n\n21\nRather, the district court emphasized that Champion had rejected traveling fluid regulators for reasons unrelated to the problem of fluid adjustment.", "\n\n\n22\nFinally, the court, recognizing that the district court in Fischer \"was understandably impressed with the comparison between the benefits of the '276 patent and the lack of success of Fischer personnel,\" stated that it had reached the opposite conclusion on the basis of \"augmented evidence presented here . . . ", " of pertinent prior art disclosing continuously bled pressure regulators and persuasive testimony concerning the obviousness of remotely controlling a fluid regulator (whether stationary or reciprocating) with a pressure regulator. ", " . . .\"", "\n\nOPINION\nPresumption of Validity\n\n23\nBefore the district court, Champion stated that \"the prior art evidence to be produced . . . ", " was not considered by the Patent Office and the presumption (under 35 U.S.C. § 282) is thus undercut or substantially weakened.\" ", " However, the district court did not mention the statutory presumption of validity of the Norris '276 patent.11 Instead, it disposed of the holding of validity of claims 5 and 6 in Gyromat Corp. v. H. G. Fischer & Co., supra, on which Gyromat has heavily relied. ", " In refusing to follow Fischer, the district court said it was persuaded by Champion's \"augmented evidence\" of prior art bleed-type pressure regulators not in evidence in Fischer. ", " However, the relevance of such evidence is not apparent, because the bleed feature of the secondary regulator in the Norris '276 patent is not even claimed. ", " To the extent that Judge Hoffman in Fischer referred to the bleed feature of the secondary regulator, this, too, would lack relevance. ", " Nevertheless, other evidence in Fischer was relevant and clearly supports Judge Hoffman's conclusion of nonobviousness. ", " Thus, after noting that H. G. Fischer's first commercial use of such a primary regulator was in 1959, but that the remote, secondary (air) pressure regulator was not reduced to practice (by Norris) until late December of 1961, Judge Hoffman said (167 U.S.P.Q. at 341):\n\n\n24\nDuring the intervening period of almost three years, it was necessary to shut down the paint spray equipment in order to make an adjustment in the paint spray pressure for most installations. ", " Moreover, Mr. Walberg (assignor of rights in certain patent applications to H. G. Fischer & Company to whom the patents were issued) admitted that there were occasions when it was necessary to adjust the paint pressure regulator of the defendant's equipment by jabbing or poking at the handle of the reciprocating regulator with an object such as a broomstick. ", " This experience of the defendant is wholly inconsistent with its argument that the remote control of a paint pressure regulator would have been obvious to one skilled in the art.", "\n\n\n25\nAlthough we agree with the district court that the holding in Fischer is not controlling in this case, See Jamesbury Corp. v. Litton Industries, Inc., 586 F.2d 917, 920-21, n. 9 (2d Cir. ", "1978),12 we conclude that the statutory presumption of validity of claims 5 and 6 of the Norris '276 patent still stands. ", " Thus, the dispositive question is whether this presumption of validity has been rebutted by Champion. ", " See Solder Removal Co. v. United States International Trade Commission, 582 F.2d 628, 632, 199 U.S.P.Q. 129, 133 (CCPA 1978).", "\n\nChampion's Expert Testimony Insufficient\n\n26\nAs earlier pointed out, the district court, in determining the level of skill (in 1962) of a person of ordinary skill in the pertinent art of hydraulics and fluid controls, found the testimony of Champion's expert, Russell Henke, to be persuasive. ", " Mr. Henke, an engineer experienced in hydraulics and fluid control systems, testified that in 1960 or 1961 there were commercially available both manual controlled fluid pressure regulators and remote operated air pressure regulators, and the concept of remote control by air pressure of a fluid pressure regulator was well known. ", " It was his belief that those possessing skill in the art such as he possessed would have had the knowledge and know-how to connect pilot operated regulators for liquid service with a pilot regulator operating on air.13 He also testified\n\n\n27\nIt's my opinion that anybody who would have that knowledge of the field similar to what I might have, would be led to using a remote pilot controlled fluid regulator to solve the problem.", "\n\n\n28\n. . . .", "\n\n\n29\nIt's my feeling that anyone skilled in the prior art we have been discussing would be led to the same approach of applying a remote pilot control on a fluid regulator to solve this problem.", "\n\n\n30\nAlthough, as a general rule, the weight of an expert's testimony is to be determined by the trial court, such a determination may, nevertheless, be shown to have been erroneous. ", " Universal Athletic Sales Co. v. American Gym, Recreational & Athletic Equipment Corp., 546 F.2d 530, 537, 192 U.S.P.Q. 193 (3d Cir. ", "1976), Cert. ", "denied, 430 U.S. 984, 97 S.Ct. ", "1681, 52 L.Ed.2d 378 (1977). ", " We note other factors which detract from the weight of Henke's testimony. ", " He had no experience with paint spraying devices, with which the \"on-the-fly\" adjustment problem was associated and to which problem the Norris '276 patent was addressed. ", " Moreover, his testimony was often vague. ", " The witness did not define \"the problem\"; nor did he indicate what (other than the hindsight obtained from the Norris invention) would have led \"a person having ordinary skill in the art\" of hydraulics and fluid control systems to the \"on-the-fly\" solution achieved by Norris with respect to a vertically reciprocating fluid pressure regulator. ", " On cross-examination, Mr. Henke was asked whether he had occasion to work with equipment in which there was a vertical movement between a controlled regulator and a controlling regulator. ", " His response was as follows:\n\n\n31\nA. I suspect there must be instances where the motion was vertical as opposed to horizontal or rotary.", "\n\n\n32\nQ. What type of thing are you thinking about when you say that?", "\n\n\n33\nA. Well, mostly machine motion I don't have specific examples in mind, but I have worked in general field of machines that are fluid operated or have fluid systems on them and there are motions in these machines, and they could be anything. ", " It could be automation systems, it could be machine tools, they could be different kinds of equipment, construction equipment, agricultural equipment, industrial equipment, in general.", "\n\n\n34\nQ. This would involve the use of a vertically reciprocating regulator that was\n\n\n35\nA. In some instances, it could, yes.", "\n\n\n36\nQ. In some instances? ", " Can you give us a specific example?", "\n\n\n37\nA. Not off the top of my head, I can't, no.", "\n\n\n38\nThus, although he had testified that the concept of remote control by air pressure of a fluid pressure regulator was well known in 1960 or 1961, he could not, on November 16, 1976 (date of testimony), think of a single example of his having worked with a Vertically reciprocating fluid pressure regulator. ", " As we have seen, however, the \"on-the-fly\" problem Norris solved arose only from prior art vertically reciprocating fluid pressure regulators.14 Thus, we conclude that the testimony of Mr. Henke was clearly insufficient to support the district court's finding that in 1962 the idea or concept of connecting a pressure regulator to a (vertically) reciprocating fluid regulator required no more than the ordinary skill of a mechanic reasonably knowledgeable in the field of hydraulics and fluid controls.", "\n\nDistrict Court's Finding Clearly Erroneous\n\n39\nBearing crucially on a determination of the level of skill of a person of ordinary skill in the art (hydraulics and fluid controls) is the district court's finding, quoted earlier, that there is no evidence that Champion's staff was using a traveling fluid regulator but was unable to come up with a device for remotely controlling it. ", " This was in response to Gyromat's argument, pursued on appeal, that persons of ordinary skill in the art (namely, the research staff of DeVilbiss Company, a division of Champion) were not able to solve the problem of \"on-the-fly\" adjustment of vertically reciprocating fluid pressure regulators. ", " The following evidence supports Gyromat's argument and contradicts the district court's finding:\n\n\n40\n1. ", " Deposition testimony of William D. Gauthier, Director of Research and Engineering of DeVilbiss. ", " He had been employed by DeVilbiss since January of 1963, first as Assistant Director of Research, and had been involved in, among other things, work on paint pumps, reciprocators, and gun mounts, with work on a short-stroke reciprocator starting in early 1963.", "\n\n\n41\nQ. In the course of developing a control system for the reciprocating equipment that was being developed by your group, were various arrangements considered and evaluated for effecting control of paint pressure at the gun at the spray gun from a remote location, or from any location, for that matter?", "\n\n\n42\nA. My recollection is rather hazy in that area. ", " I believe I recall cases where fluid regulators were mounted on the reciprocator, and some mechanical linkage was evolved to provide the adjustment.", "\n\n\n43\n. . . .", "\n\n\n44\nQ. Do you remember what it looks like or what it looked like, rather?", "\n\n\n45\nA. My recollection was just some insulating rods . . . ", " with universal joints at either end connected from the reciprocator to a remote location.", "\n\n\n46\nQ. Was equipment ever built and delivered commercially using such an arrangement for control of paint pressure?", "\n\n\n47\nA. No.", "\n\n\n48\n2. ", " Deposition testimony of Robert J. Della Flora, a Senior Project Engineer in the Research Group of DeVilbiss. ", " He had been employed by DeVilbiss since April of 1960, first as a Project Engineer, and had been involved in, among other things, paint pumps and some work on control systems for reciprocators and associated equipment and some work on guns.", "\n\n\n49\nQ. Did your work on the reciprocator commence at around the time that Mr. Gauthier came with the company?", "\n\n\n50\nA. Yes.", "\n\n\n51\n. . . .", "\n\n\n52\nQ. What does this report, or what does this document marked as Defendant's Exhibit 20 represent, Mr. Della Flora?15\n\n\n53\nA. A report on possible methods of controlling paint flow. ", " . . .", "\n\n\n54\nQ. To whom did you hand the report in, do you recall?", "\n\n\n55\n. . . .", "\n\n\n56\nA. I believe it went to Mr. Gauthier.", "\n\n\n57\n. . . .", "\n\n\n58\nQ. Did this work that is reflected in document Defendant's Exhibit 20, relate to the very first prototype reciprocator that you worked on?", "\n\n\n59\n. . . .", "\n\n\n60\nA. It was a separate item. ", " It didn't refer to the reciprocator.", "\n\n\n61\nQ. Oh, this was not work with respect to a reciprocator?", "\n\n\n62\nA. No.", "\n\n\n63\nQ. I take it then that it was limited to known reciprocating equipment?A. It was paint feed control, period. ", " Reciprocated or stationary, no difference.", "\n\n\n64\nQ. In other words, it was without regard to whether it was reciprocated or not?", "\n\n\n65\nA. Right.", "\n\n\n66\n. . . .", "\n\n\n67\nQ. Did the investigations that are reflected in Defendant's Exhibit 20 result in any changes in the design of the AGC (paint system using an air atomizing concept) gun, or the paint control for the AGC gun?", "\n\n\n68\nA. I think it all developed concurrently.", "\n\n\n69\n. . . .", "\n\n\n70\nQ. Thank you. ", " Was this paint feed control incorporated in the AGC equipment?", "\n\n\n71\nA. No.", "\n\n\n72\n. . . .", "\n\n\n73\nQ. You discussed . . . ", " the ultimate paint control system that was finally adopted in the AGC system, and I believe you also testified that you did not have anything directly to do with the development of that ultimate system. ", " Do you have any personal knowledge as to where the concept or the genesis of that remote control fluid regulator came from?", "\n\n\n74\nA. All of this was a group effort. ", " The fluid regulator portion was a regulator that we had in our line. ", " The remote air control of this regulator was developed to satisfy a request by the Research Director, Mr. Juvinall to make this unit remotely adjustable without having to turn off the electrical power or stop the reciprocator.", "\n\n\n75\n. . . .", "\n\n\n76\nQ. Did Mr. Juvinall's request then immediately result in the ultimate system being developed, or did this take some period of time?", "\n\n\n77\nA. Today it seems as though it was a step right onto it, but I can't recall how long it did take.", "\n\n\n78\nQ. Were any other systems attempted or tried and discarded following this request by Mr. Juvinall and prior to the development of the ultimate system? ", " In other words, were there any false steps along the way, or did the group just go out and put this thing together?", "\n\n\n79\nA. I know there were some false starts made, but I can't recall how many or how long they took.", "\n\n\n80\nFrom the foregoing testimony of Mr. Gauthier and Mr. Della Flora, it is clear that the research group at DeVilbiss, commencing early in 1963, was working on development of vertically reciprocating equipment with fluid regulators mounted on the reciprocator and on development of a paint feed control system for that equipment; that development of the paint feed control system, covered by Della Flora's report of 10/23/63, was carried out without recognition of the \"on-the-fly\" control problem, much less a solution to it, since it was without regard to any difference between reciprocating and stationary equipment; that the results of Della Flora's investigations were not incorporated into the AGC equipment or commercially developed; that it was not until Juvinall requested that the fluid regulators be adjustable \"on-the-fly\" that development of remote air control of those regulators was undertaken; and that, even then, \"there were some false starts.\"", "\n\n\n81\nProviding still greater support to Gyromat's argument regarding the level of skill of a person of ordinary skill in the pertinent art is a report dated 8/31/6416 by Erherd Kock, Director of Research and Engineering for DeVilbiss, who, like Gauthier, had been employed by DeVilbiss since January of 1963, first as a senior research engineer, and had been continuously involved in development of paint spray equipment. ", " The report states that the objective of Project No. ", "39 (\"Paint Feed Control\") was to develop a suitable means for controlling, with precision and reliability, the paint flow rate for the new DeVilbiss electrostatic system, which consisted of an array of vertically reciprocating spray guns; that it was desirable for the paint flow to be readily adjustable while the system was in operation, I. e., while the guns were at high voltage and reciprocating; further:\n\n\n82\nIn the early consideration (17 of this problem, fluid regulators had been rejected because of their bulk, cost and incompatibility with quick color change. ", " Further, the use of fluid regulators did not seem to offer an easy solution to the requirement of remote on-the-fly adjustment, because in order to minimize fluid flow fluctuation as the height of the vertically reciprocating gun changed, it would have been necessary to reciprocate the fluid regulators with the guns.", "\n\n\n83\nA second approach, consisting of controlling the flow by varying the fluid needle opening was investigated at greater length. ", " It had the obvious advantage of simplicity and low cost, but was finally rejected because it was difficult to control individually on-the-fly . . . .", "\n\n\n84\nThe fluid control method that was finally selected consisted of a modification of the small \"gun-mounted fluid regulator\" # 44167-008 (which had just become commercially available), the diaphragm pressure of which was adjusted remotely by means of an air pressure regulator. ", " . . . ", " The fluid regulator itself was small enough that it could be mounted on the reciprocator adjacent each gun without creating a weight problem, and it was sufficiently cheap, that one regulator could be supplied for each gun without unduly increasing the cost of the system. ", " The only relatively expensive component was the air regulator (a Norgren regulator was found to give the best performance), one of which had to be used in conjunction with each fluid regulator. ", " However, the resulting ease of remote paint feed control for both conductive and nonconductive paints while the system was in operation, facilitated by the fact that the operator could now select and maintain a given paint flow by merely adjusting the air pressure regulator . . . ", " seemed to be well worth the additional expense.", "\n\n\n85\nThus, a contemporaneous report shows that the DeVilbiss research group found the requirement for remote \"on-the-fly\" adjustment to not be easily satisfied when using fluid regulators because they had to be reciprocated with the guns; also, that varying the fluid needle valve opening of the gun (recommended as \"practical\" by Della Flora, note 16 Supra ) was not satisfactory because of the difficulty of \"on-the-fly\" control. ", " The solution that was eventually selected was made after Gauthier and Kock had (in 1963) viewed an embodiment of the Norris invention constructed by the Fischer Company.18\n\n\n86\nThis report, along with the above-quoted testimony of Gauthier and Della Flora, compels the conclusion that the district court's finding, that there is no evidence that Champion's staff was unable to come up with a device for remotely controlling a traveling regulator, is clearly erroneous.19 Indeed, the evidence is compellingly to the contrary. ", " Although early in 1963 the DeVilbiss research group commenced work on a paint feed control system for vertically reciprocating equipment, it was not until a year and a half later that Kock reported a satisfactory solution to the \"on-the-fly\" control problem, and that solution, which is clearly an embodiment of the Norris invention, was not approved until some nine months later. ", " Accordingly, Champion's argument that the level of skill of a person of ordinary skill in the pertinent art in late December 1961 was such that the Norris invention would have been obvious must fail.", "\n\n\n87\nCombination of Old Elements Not Obvious Per Se\n\n\n88\nCiting Sakraida v. Ag Pro, Inc., 425 U.S. 273, 96 S.Ct. ", "1532, 47 L.Ed.2d 784 (1976), Champion argues that claims 5 and 6 of the Norris '276 patent simply define \"an arrangement of old elements,\" each performing \"the same function it had been known to perform,\" and that such combinations are not patentable. ", " In the factual setting of the Sakraida case, we have no difficulty with the holding that the invention there involved was not patentable. ", " However, we do not agree with what amounts to an oblique suggestion that the dicta in the Supreme Court's opinion overruled the statutory test of nonobviousness established by 35 U.S.C. § 103 along with the analytical guidelines for that test established by the Court in Graham v. John Deere Co., supra, which the opinion in Sakraida cites with approval. ", " See Republic Industries, Inc. v. Schlage Lock Co., 592 F.2d 963, 970, 200 U.S.P.Q. 769, 777 (7th Cir. ", "1979). ", " Most, if not all, inventions involve a combination of old or known elements. ", " Shaw v. E.B. & A.C. Whiting Co., 417 F.2d 1097, 1102, 163 U.S.P.Q. 580, 584 (2d Cir. ", "1969), Cert. ", "denied, 397 U.S. 1076, 90 S.Ct. ", "1518, 25 L.Ed.2d 811 (1970); Reiner v. I. Leon Co., 285 F.2d 501, 503, 128 U.S.P.Q. 25, 27 (2d Cir. ", "1960), Cert. ", "denied, 366 U.S. 929, 81 S.Ct. ", "1649, 6 L.Ed.2d 388 (1961); B.G. Corp. v. Walter Kidde & Co., 79 F.2d 20, 22, 26 U.S.P.Q. 288, 289-90 (2d Cir. ", "1935). ", " If the inventions are new, useful, and nonobvious, they are patentable. ", " If the level of skill of a person of ordinary skill in the pertinent art is such that the differences between the subject matter sought to be patented and the prior art would not have been obvious to that person, the test for nonobviousness is met.", "\n\n\n89\nIn view of all the foregoing, we hold that the statutory presumption of validity of the Norris '276 patent has not been rebutted by Champion.", "\n\n\n90\nThe judgment of the district court is reversed and the case is remanded for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.", "\n\n\n\n*\n The Honorable Jack R. Miller, United States Court of Customs and Patent Appeals, sitting by designation\n\n\n1\n On application No. ", "230,867, filed October 16, 1962. ", " Reduction to practice occurred in late December of 1961\n\n\n2\n Champion Spark Plug Company (\"Champion\") initiated the action for a declaratory judgment that the Norris patent was invalid and unenforceable. ", " The Gyromat Corporation (\"Gyromat\") counterclaimed for patent infringement. ", " Champion conceded infringement if the patent was valid\n\n\n3\n The district court found that vertical movement of the spray guns through a one-foot distance would cause a one-half pound per square inch variation in output pressure\n\n\n4\n Appellant notes that the regulators are moving up and down rather rapidly and that \"they carry an electrical charge of perhaps 100,000 volts or more.\"", "\n\n\n5\n Claims 3 and 4 read as follows:\n\n\n3\n Spraying apparatus comprising a vertical support, means causing vertical reciprocation of said support, a spray head carried by said support, a control valve on said support connected to said nozzle and having means supplying spray material to said nozzle at a predetermined constant pressure, a stationary source supplying spray material at a predetermined pressure, and means supplying said spray material from said source to said control valve at a pressure determined by the pressure of said source and by the pressure head between the source and said control valve which varies according to the elevation of said reciprocating valve\n\n\n4\n Spraying apparatus according to claim 3 in which said control valve includes means for adjusting the predetermined pressure at which the spray material is supplied therefrom to said nozzle\n\n\n6\n By \"self-relieving pressure regulator,\" it appears that the district court was referring to a regulator having a \"bleed hole\" feature to assist the downward variation of pressure upon the fluid regulator. ", " Such a feature is present in appellant's apparatus, but, as appellant points out, it is not a critical feature of the invention and is Not claimed\n\n\n7\n 35 U.S.C. § 103 provides:\n§ 103. ", " Conditions for patentability; non-obvious subject matter\nA patent may not be obtained though the invention is not identically disclosed or described as set forth in section 102 of this title, if the differences between the subject matter sought to be patented and the prior art are such that the subject matter as a whole would have been obvious at the time the invention was made to a person having ordinary skill in the art to which said subject matter pertains. ", " Patentability shall not be negatived by the manner in which the invention was made.", "\n\n\n8\n The more precise time for determining obviousness to one of ordinary skill in the art is late December of 1961, when the Norris invention was reduced to practice\n\n\n9\n Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co. v. Ray-O-Vac Co., 321 U.S. 275, 64 S.Ct. ", "593, 88 L.Ed. ", "721 (1944); and others\n\n\n10\n This was the Norris invention found to have been infringed by Fischer in Gyromat Corp. v. H. G. Fischer & Co., supra\n\n\n11\n Champion raises this point in its brief before this court. ", " In addition to prior art disclosing pressure regulators with a bleed feature, which we consider irrelevant, Infra, it cites the following:\nA 1960 catalog of the Hannifin Co. and a 1956 catalog of the Norgren Co., both showing pilot controlled air pressure regulators and their use with a remote, pilot regulator.", "\nA 1951 patent to Ransburg (No. ", "2,559,225) for Electrostatic Coating Method and Apparatus illustrating use of insulated hoses with electrostatic spray coating apparatus.", "\nA 1944 patent to Roselund (No. ", "2,350,708) for Pan Greasing Machine (assigned to DeVilbiss) and a 1949 instruction book on installation, operation, and maintenance of the DeVilbiss Pan Greaser. ", " These relate to spray-greasing of pans, preliminary to use in baking, using a spray gun and an air pressure control valve for the gun.", "\nThere is no showing wherein such prior art is other than cumulative to that considered by the Patent Office during prosecution of the Norris '276 patent. ", " Along with the vertically reciprocating primary pressure regulator in claims 3 and 4 (disclaimed), such prior art does show that all the hardware was available to make the critical subject matter of claims 5 and 6, namely: the stationary, remote, secondary (air) pressure regulator controlling pressure in a primary regulator that \"reciprocates through a vertical plane.\"", "\n\n\n12\n Gyromat argues that the same collateral estoppel effect be accorded a decision of patent validity as a decision of patent invalidity under Blonder-Tongue Laboratories, Inc. v. University of Illinois Foundation, 402 U.S. 313, 91 S.Ct. ", "1434, 28 L.Ed.2d 788, 169 U.S.P.Q. 513 (1971). ", " We note that Champion was not a party to the prior action and, therefore, stands in a different posture from that of the patentee in Blonder-Tongue. ", " In any event, since a decision of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois is not controlling as a matter of Stare decisis, cf. ", "Mercantile Nat'l Bank of Chicago v. Howmet Corp., 524 F.2d 1031, 188 U.S.P.Q. 353 (7th Cir. ", "1975), Cert. ", "denied, 424 U.S. 957, 96 S.Ct. ", "1435, 47 L.Ed.2d 364 (1976), and in view of our disposition of this case, we need not reach this question\n\n\n13\n Such a statement, of course, is not responsive to the question of whether persons possessing such skill would have had the knowledge and know-how to connect Vertically reciprocating pilot operated regulators with a remote pilot regulator. ", " Although the mechanics of connecting the two regulators is not part of the claimed subject matter of the Norris invention, the concept of making such a connection is part of the teaching in the Norris specification of how to practice the invention. ", " Given such teaching, the connecting could be expected to be carried out by the ordinary mechanic. ", " As related Infra, Gyromat argues essentially that, without such a teaching, persons of ordinary skill in the pertinent art were not able to solve the problem of \"on-the-fly\" adjustment of vertically reciprocating fluid pressure regulators\n\n\n14\n Also brought out on Henke's cross-examination was the admission that the prior art, about which he had testified to show the level of skill of a person of ordinary skill in the art in 1960 or 1961, did not disclose vertically reciprocating primary regulators relative to a remote control regulator. ", " As related earlier, the district court found this to be a fact\n\n\n15\n Exhibit 20 is a report by R. J. Della Flora, dated 10/23/63, entitled \"Paint Feed Control.\" ", " The \"Objective\" is stated to be \"Develop simplified fluid feed control for air spray guns.\" ", " Under \"Conclusions\" it is stated: \"A simple satisfactory fluid feed control system consists of the following: . . . ", " 5. ", "Fluid pressure controlled by precision air pressure regulator on pressure pot.\" ", " Under \"Discussion\" it is stated: \"2. ", "Remote adjustment of the system fluid flow control may be accomplished by using a pump, pressure pot, fluid regulator or needle valve. ", " A pressure pot with a precision air regulator will give accurate flow control if used with accurate flow resistances and is probably the least expensive of these systems. ", " . . . ", " 5. ", "Individual fluid flow control of the guns may be accomplished by using a fixed orifice, micro-adjusting needle valve, fluid regulator, individual pressure pot or individual pump. ", " The pressure pot and pump probably should be eliminated due to cost. ", " . . . ", " With the gun needle valve made small and with a micro-adjusting screw for accurate control of the flow restriction, the needle valve is practical.\"", "\n\n\n16\n The report shows that it was approved by Gauthier on 5/20/65\n\n\n17\n During oral argument, the parties agreed that this occurred after 1962\n\n\n18\n Champion argues that motivation for remote, \"on-the-fly\" control of reciprocating pressure regulators would have been provided by the pan greasing machine patent and instructions (note 11, Supra ), wherein remote air pressure control is taught for regulating the flow of hot grease. ", " In addition to the fact that the pan greasing machine does not involve a vertically reciprocating fluid pressure regulator, the argument suffers from the fact that the research group at DeVilbiss, which presumably was familiar with the pan greasing machine since the patent had been assigned to DeVilbiss, was unable to come up with a satisfactory solution to the \"on-the-fly\" control problem for a year and a half, and that solution was an embodiment of the Norris invention\n\n\n19\n The district court also said:\nIt is true that the Fischer personnel, who were using a traveling (vertically reciprocating) fluid regulator, did not solve the problem. ", " However, their failure, for a somewhat brief time, is insufficient to detract from the weight of the plaintiff's credible testimony that use of a remote-controlled pressure regulator to control the traveling fluid regulator required no more than the ordinary skill of a mechanic.", "\nUnder the circumstances of this case, we do not regard a period of nearly three years as \"somewhat brief\" when evaluating the level of skill of a person of ordinary skill in the pertinent art, as distinguished from evaluating the factor of \"long felt need.\" ", " See Graham v. John Deere Co., 383 U.S. 1, 17, 86 S.Ct. ", "684, 15 L.Ed.2d 545, 148 U.S.P.Q. 459, 467 (1966).", "\n\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "FreeLaw" }

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[ "Influence of cyclic variation of right ventricular volume on left ventricular mechanical parameters measured with conductance catheter.", "\nThe conductance catheter is widely used for the continuous measurement of the left ventricular (LV) pressure-volume loops. ", "Cyclical change of the right ventricular (RV) volume may alter the parallel conductance volume, thereby affecting the LV mechanical parameters. ", "Using 8 open-chest adult mongrel dogs, multiple LV pressure-volume loops were obtained by 2 methods: first with a vena cava occlusion (VCO) method, which involved RV volume alteration, and second with a right-heart-bypass (RHB) preparation, which decompressed the right ventricle completely. ", "The slope of the end-systolic pressure-volume relation (Ees), the end-systolic volume associated with the end-systolic pressure of 100 mmHg (V100,es), stiffness constant (beta), and the end-diastolic volume associated with the end-diastolic pressure of 9 mmHg (V9,ed) were calculated from each loop. ", "There was minimal influence from RV volume alteration on systolic-phase indices [Ees (VCO method, 6.37 +/- 1.91 mmHg/ml; RHB preparation, 6.60 +/- 1.66mmHg/ml; p=0.356), and V100,es (VCO method, 18.4 +/- 9.3ml; RHB preparation, 17.8 +/- 9.0 ml; p=0.681)], but there was a significant influence on diastolic-phase indices [beta (VCO method, 0.0599 +/- 0.0152; RHB preparation, 0.0839 +/- 0.0150; p=0.007), and V9,ed (VCO method, 35.6 +/- 11.3 ml; RHB preparation, 31.9 +/- 12.3 ml; p=0.001)]. ", "The increase in the RV volume in the diastolic phase increased the parallel conductance volume, causing overestimation of the LV diastolic volume measured by the conductance catheter." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "Monday, January 28, 2008\n\nWork Sends me to Mormonville -> Mormon Pope Dies\n\nGordon B. Hinckley, the president and prophet of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints who led Mormonism through a period of global expansion, died Sunday at his apartment in Salt Lake City. ", "He was 97.", "\n\nWell folks, when life gives you dead prophet, roll up your sleeves and make dead prophet-ade. ", "That means we hop in our car, and head down to the Mormon Temple to witness the spectacle first hand.", "\n\nMuch to the delight of the news crews that showed up, a group of studentmourners starting singing hymns:\n\nFret not, no business trips to Vatican City planned.", "\n\nMeanwhile, Salt Lake City is wondering when Mittens is going to speak up..." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

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[ "Exploring alternative catalytic mechanisms of the Cas9 HNH domain.", "\nUnderstanding the reaction mechanism of CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) is crucial for the application of programmable gene editing. ", "Despite the availability of the structures of Cas9 in apo- and substrate-bound forms, the catalytically active structure is still unclear. ", "Our first attempt to explore the catalytic mechanism of Cas9 HNH domain has been based on the reasonable assumption that we are dealing with the same mechanism as endonuclease VII, including the assumption that the catalytic water is in the first shell of the Mg2+ . ", "Trying this mechanism with the cryo-EM structure forced us to induce significant structural change driven by the movement of K848 (or other positively charged residue) close to the active site to facilitate the proton transfer step. ", "In the present study, we explore a second reaction mechanism where the catalytic water is in the second shell of the Mg2+ and assume that the cryo-EM structure by itself is a suitable representation of a catalytic-ready structure. ", "The alternative mechanism indicates that if the active water is from the second shell, then the calculated reaction barrier is lower compared with the corresponding barrier when the water comes from the first shell." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "In order to achieve the objectives of recapitalising public sector banks (PSBs) and meeting financing needs of the economy, industry body CII has made a host of recommendations including re-issue of recapitalisation bonds by PSBs to the general public, and government shedding stake in most of these banks to 33 per cent over the next 2-3 years.", "\n\nEven as it backed the government’s proposed move to issue recapitalisation bonds to the tune of ₹1.35 lakh crore, CII suggested an alternative whereby public sector banks (PSBs) could re-issue these bonds to the general public.", "\n\n“These bonds (which will be held by banks) have de-facto sovereign guarantee. ", "This will enable the banks to raise necessary funds (by re-issuing them to the general public),” said the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII).", "\n\nPotential buyers\n\n\n\n\n\nPotential buyers of recapitalisation bonds could be pension funds, insurance companies, other institutional investors, both global and domestic, and retail investors.", "\n\nInjecting capital into PSBs via recapitalisation bonds entails two steps — one where the government issues bonds to banks and mops up resources; and two, the government uses these proceeds to buy shares of banks through rights issue and banks get the necessary capital.", "\n\nRecapitalisation bonds are part of the government’s ₹2.11-lakh crore front-loaded capital injection plan for PSBs to help them clean up bad loans and ensure credit growth.", "\n\nLower govt stake\n\n\n\n\n\nPSBs, said CII, should be encouraged to go for public issue and use this capital to write off debt. ", "This will increase their equity capital, it added.", "\n\nAs a quick measure, whatever margin is available to them over 52 per cent may be liquidated in the capital market,suggested the industry body. ", "In this regard, it observed that many PSBs have a much higher government equity holding at over 80 per cent, while only four have brought down the share to 58 per cent as of March 2017.", "\n\n“Over the next 2-3 years, the government should consider bringing down its stake in most PSBs to 33 per cent. ", "It could retain a larger share in the State Bank of India in order to meet priority needs.", "\n\n“However, smaller banks that are in poor condition require to be managed with greater efficiency,” CII said.", "\n\nOne challenge in offloading shares, the industry body felt, could be the poor return on assets and equity that currently characterize some PSBs.", "\n\nInfrastructure debt funds\n\n\n\n\n\nGiven that the infrastructure sector is a major source of bad assets for PSBs, and there is a mismatch between the relatively short-term nature of bank liabilities and the long-term tenure of infrastructure loans, the CII said a viable option for addressing this mismatch is required. ", "Thus, banks may look at re-financing their infrastructure portfolio through Infrastructure Debt Funds (IDFs).", "\n\nIDFs are investment vehicles where institutional investors such as insurance and pension funds can invest and refinance existing debt of infrastructure companies. ", "Offloading such advances disbursed to successful infrastructure projects could open up space for new credit growth.", "\n\nCII recommended that securitisation of good/performing loan portfolio and selling the units to investors may enable PSBs to raise funds to capitalise their books." ]

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[ "3. ", "Let f = -1.3 - y. Which is greater: 3 or f?", "\n3\nLet l(w) = w**2 - 1. ", "Let j be l(-1). ", "Does j = 0?", "\nTrue\nLet d(o) = -o - 4. ", "Let h be (-1 - -3)/(8/(-12)). ", "Let g be d(h). ", "Which is greater: g or 1/4?", "\n1/4\nLet p be (-1)/(20/(-19) - -1). ", "Let j = p - 58/3. ", "Let z = 1.21 + -3.21. ", "Which is smaller: z or j?", "\nz\nLet o(v) = -v**2 - 11*v - 10. ", "Let t be o(-10). ", "Let f(j) be the third derivative of j**4/24 + 3*j**3/2 - 2*j**2. ", "Let u be f(-7). ", "Which is greater: u or t?", "\nu\nLet w = 25 + -97/2. ", "Let y = 23 + w. Let t be (-2)/5*(6 - 1). ", "Which is smaller: y or t?", "\nt\nSuppose -4*v = -2*z + 3*z + 3, 5*v + 5*z = -15. ", "Let r be 1 + 2 + 1*-2. ", "Which is smaller: r or v?", "\nv\nLet d = 0.29 + -1.27. ", "Let o = d + -0.02. ", "Which is bigger: -2/3 or o?", "\n-2/3\nLet c be ((-2)/130)/((-27)/45). ", "Let p = c + 2/91. ", "Is p >= 1?", "\nFalse\nLet j be ((-11)/1)/((-1 - 1)/2). ", "Is j smaller than 11?", "\nFalse\nLet c be 3 - (6/(-24) + (-418)/(-8)). ", "Are -49 and c equal?", "\nTrue\nSuppose 0 = 9*n + 32 + 13. ", "Is n at most as big as -4?", "\nTrue\nLet s = -10 - -12. ", "Is 2 at least as big as s?", "\nTrue\nLet u = -4 - 0. ", "Let d = -1 - u. Is 4 !", "= d?", "\nTrue\nLet n = 0.14 + -3.14. ", "Let z = 73 - 69.9. ", "Let o = n + z. Which is smaller: o or -2?", "\n-2\nLet n = -3 + 3.1. ", "Let j = 2 - 12. ", "Let m be -2 - j/4*1. ", "Which is greater: n or m?", "\nm\nLet l be 4 - (-91 - (3 - 1)). ", "Which is greater: 96 or l?", "\nl\nLet u = 0.32 - 0.02. ", "Let x be (-2)/(-6) + 3/45. ", "Which is smaller: x or u?", "\nu\nLet l be ((-2 + 2)/3)/1. ", "Suppose 2*r + 0*r - 4 = l. Let k be 0 - 0 - (2 + -2). ", "Is k less than r?", "\nTrue\nLet v = -120 - -137. ", "Which is bigger: v or 15?", "\nv\nSuppose -3*w + 4*k = 61, 4*k = -2*w - w - 101. ", "Let s be ((-4)/(-6))/((-6)/w). ", "Let x be s/(-18)*3/(-2). ", "Is x greater than or equal to -4?", "\nTrue\nLet f be (8 + -4)/(-16) + 5/4. ", "Which is smaller: f or 10?", "\nf\nLet a = -579/4 - -144. ", "Let g = -13 + 11. ", "Is a greater than g?", "\nTrue\nSuppose 2*j - 38 = 4*r, 3*r - 95 = -5*j - r. Is j greater than or equal to 20?", "\nFalse\nLet i = -6.98 + -0.02. ", "Let y = i - -5. ", "Which is smaller: y or 0?", "\ny\nSuppose 0 = -5*f - 4*q - 61 - 11, 0 = 4*f + q + 51. ", "Which is greater: f or -2?", "\n-2\nLet i = -0.04 - -5.04. ", "Let b = i + -7. ", "Let r = b + 1. ", "Which is smaller: r or 0?", "\nr\nLet q = -2 - -2. ", "Let l = -323/252 + 2/63. ", "Which is greater: q or l?", "\nq\nLet o = -6 + 6.2. ", "Let l = -0.2 - o. Which is greater: -1 or l?", "\nl\nSuppose 2*h - 16 = 6*h. ", "Let w be (h - -1 - -2) + 7. ", "Is w equal to -1?", "\nFalse\nSuppose 5*c + 25 = 0, 3*k - 3 = 4*c + 23. ", "Suppose -5*u + 3*u = -4*b - 4, -5 = -k*u + 5*b. ", "Let o(y) = -y**3 - y + 1. ", "Let l be o(1). ", "Is u less than l?", "\nFalse\nSuppose -4*l - 1 = -13. ", "Let m be 76/18 + (-4)/18. ", "Is l less than m?", "\nTrue\nLet b = 0.28 + -0.03. ", "Let t = b - 0.2. ", "Is 2/3 smaller than t?", "\nFalse\nSuppose 21 = f + 2*f. ", "Suppose -f = 5*u - g, -5*g - 4 + 12 = 2*u. ", "Is u greater than or equal to -2?", "\nTrue\nLet u be 1/4*(3 + (-15)/5). ", "Is 1/3 at most u?", "\nFalse\nSuppose 0 = 5*w - l + 66, l - 20 = -3*w - 66. ", "Let h = w + 296/21. ", "Which is smaller: -1 or h?", "\n-1\nLet p be (-1 - 1)/(0 + -1). ", "Suppose -5*q + 8 = 3. ", "Suppose 2*h = h - q. Which is greater: h or p?", "\np\nSuppose 8 = 4*w - 12. ", "Suppose -4*a - l = -9, -w*a + 2*l + 6 = -a. ", "Is a less than or equal to 3/2?", "\nFalse\nSuppose 0*j = -j, 5*y = -j - 10. ", "Let m = 0 - y. Suppose -8 = -2*o - m*o. ", "Is 2 at least o?", "\nTrue\nLet s = -2/33 + -20/33. ", "Which is greater: s or -12?", "\ns\nSuppose 7 = -5*q - 3. ", "Is -0.02 <= q?", "\nFalse\nLet h = -10.08 - -10. ", "Let g = h + 0.14. ", "Which is smaller: 0 or g?", "\n0\nLet v be (-2 - -3)/(2/(-10)). ", "Let y = -72 - -67. ", "Do y and v have the same value?", "\nTrue\nLet k be 4/(-10) - (-3)/(-5). ", "Let q be 1/4 + (-6)/(-8). ", "Let x = q + k. Is x less than or equal to 0?", "\nTrue\nLet p be 0 + 0 - (-6 + 3). ", "Is 5 < p?", "\nFalse\nSuppose 3*f - u - 5 = 0, 2*f + 5*u - 15 = -3*f. ", "Is 0 at least f?", "\nFalse\nSuppose 0 = 2*i + 2*i. ", "Let t = -11 + 8. ", "Let f be t/15*(0 + -1). ", "Is i > f?", "\nFalse\nSuppose r - 96 = -2*r + 3*g, r = -4*g + 47. ", "Are 36 and r non-equal?", "\nTrue\nSuppose -4*i = -2*i. ", "Let s(u) = u + 15. ", "Let d be s(-15). ", "Is i at most as big as d?", "\nTrue\nSuppose -y - 2*y + 6 = 0. ", "Let c(f) = 2 - 7 + f - y*f. ", "Let v be c(-6). ", "Is -2/13 not equal to v?", "\nTrue\nLet m be (12/(-15) - 0) + 1. ", "Let r = 4.9 - -0.1. ", "Which is smaller: r or m?", "\nm\nLet n = -103 - -91. ", "Is n !", "= -12?", "\nFalse\nLet x = -163 + 91. ", "Which is smaller: x or -71?", "\nx\nLet p be (2/(-5))/((-4)/20). ", "Let z be 1 - -1*6/2. ", "Suppose 0 = -s + 5*v - 7, -5*v = z*s - 3 - 19. ", "Which is greater: p or s?", "\ns\nLet g = 1/9 - 4/9. ", "Which is greater: -0.2 or g?", "\n-0.2\nLet u = 134 - 533/4. ", "Which is greater: u or 0.11?", "\nu\nLet z be -2 + 1 + -2 + 5. ", "Suppose 0 = -z*t + 2, x = t - 0*t. ", "Let m = -3.4 - -0.4. ", "Which is smaller: x or m?", "\nm\nLet q(b) = b**2 + 5*b - 8. ", "Let h be q(-7). ", "Let x be (h - 2/1)/1. ", "Let d = 9 - 5. ", "Is x < d?", "\nFalse\nLet h be (-4)/(-14) + (-4 - 1300/(-105)). ", "Are h and -0.1 non-equal?", "\nTrue\nLet i = 1.8 + -1.9. ", "Is -5 smaller than i?", "\nTrue\nLet n = 12 - 9. ", "Suppose 12 = -l - 3*m, m = -4*l - n*m - 16. ", "Is -1/7 at least l?", "\nFalse\nLet v = -7 - -6. ", "Let f be -36 - (v - 0/1). ", "Let k be 6/(-2) + (-55)/f. ", "Which is smaller: -1 or k?", "\nk\nLet d be 6/21 - (-24)/(-42). ", "Which is smaller: -0.5 or d?", "\n-0.5\nSuppose 0 = -5*q - 0*q. ", "Is 0 bigger than q?", "\nFalse\nSuppose 8 = -5*g - 2. ", "Let b = -3 - -2. ", "Is g smaller than b?", "\nTrue\nLet l = -55/3 + 19. ", "Suppose -4*b + 3*a = -19, 0 + 12 = -3*b - 3*a. ", "Is l greater than or equal to b?", "\nFalse\nLet o = -1159/5 - -56806/245. ", "Is o > 1?", "\nFalse\nLet a = -1 + 0. ", "Suppose -2*k = -0*k - 2. ", "Let h be (-2 + 3)*(0 - k). ", "Is h > a?", "\nFalse\nLet u(v) = -v**2 + 7*v - 7. ", "Let m be u(6). ", "Let n = -3/11 - 1/77. ", "Which is smaller: n or m?", "\nm\nLet s = 146 - 147. ", "Let o = 138 + -693/5. ", "Is s bigger than o?", "\nFalse\nSuppose 2 = r + 5*y, -5*r - 3*y - 5 = 7. ", "Let u be 0 + r - 65/(-21). ", "Is 0 > u?", "\nFalse\nLet a = 124 + -130. ", "Let v = 1 - 1.2. ", "Is v > a?", "\nTrue\nLet g = -0.1 + 0.1. ", "Let a = 2 - g. Let h = a + 1. ", "Are 0 and h non-equal?", "\nTrue\nLet h = -0.6 - 4.4. ", "Let n = 0.047 - -5.353. ", "Let x = n + h. Which is smaller: 1/4 or x?", "\n1/4\nSuppose 0 = 5*h - 1 - 9. ", "Suppose -h = 3*v + 1. ", "Which is greater: -2/5 or v?", "\n-2/5\nLet t = 18.9 - 18. ", "Let w = -0.6 + t. Is -0.1 greater than w?", "\nFalse\nSuppose -4*y + 12 = 0, -4*o - y = -o + 24. ", "Suppose z - 8 = -5*a - 1, a - 17 = 5*z. ", "Let g be (-15)/o - 4/a. Is g at least as big as -2?", "\nTrue\nLet z = 182/11881 - 150962352/154453. ", "Let b = z + 976. ", "Let q = -7/52 - b. Which is smaller: q or 0?", "\n0\nSuppose 5*y - 5 = 2*f - 0, -5*y = -25. ", "Which is bigger: 11 or f?", "\n11\nLet b(j) = 6*j**2 + 2*j - 1. ", "Let l be b(1). ", "Let o = -7 + l. Is 5/7 <= o?", "\nFalse\nLet w = 8 - 9. ", "Which is smaller: w or 1/28?", "\nw\nLet u(j) = j**2 + 15*j + 3. ", "Let l be u(-15). ", "Is 5/3 not equal to l?", "\nTrue\nSuppose -7*d = -3*d + 100. ", "Let f be -1 + (1 + d)/3. ", "Let g be (-2)/(-3) - 21/f. Do g and 3 have the same value?", "\nTrue\nSuppose 2*t + 0*t = h - 43, t = -4*h - 44. ", "Which is bigger: -25 or t?", "\nt\nSuppose -5*y = -0*y + 15. ", "Let a be 14/4 - (-6)/12. ", "Suppose 0*p - p = a. Is p smaller than y?", "\nTrue\nLet b be (-39)/8 - (-1 + -2). ", "Let t = 149/88 + b. Is 0 <= t?", "\nFalse\nLet r be (-2)/3 - (-2)/3. ", "Let m be (-2)/((-42)/9 + 4). ", "Suppose r = 3*g + 12, -2*g - 19 = m*l + 2*g. ", "Which is bigger: 2/13 or l?", "\n2/13\nLet j(h) = -7*h + 8. ", "Let i be j(2). ", "Are -5 and i nonequal?", "\nTrue\nSuppose 0 = p - 5*p - 8. ", "Let n(s) = 2*s**2 + 3*s + 2. ", "Let q be n(p). ", "Let c be 3 + (-1 - (-3 - -1)). ", "Is c >= q?", "\nTrue\nLet z be (-3)/(-18)*1*5. ", "Let x(j) = j**2 - 3. ", "Let f be x(2). ", "Which is smaller: z or f?", "\nz\nLet w = -2.5 + 2. ", "Let b = -2 - -2.6. ", "Let i = b + w. Which is bigger: -1/4 or i?", "\ni\nLet g(o) = o**3 - 5*o**2 + o - 2. ", "Let m be g(5). ", "Let f = m + -2. ", "Let q = -92 + 93. ", "Is q at most as big as f?", "\nTrue\nLet x = -16 - -25. ", "Let f be (-12)/x*(-18)/(-20). ", "Is f bigger than -1?", "\nFalse\nSuppose -5 = -5*a + 5*v, -5*v - 5 = 3*a + 24. ", "Let w be (-8)/(-9)*a/4. ", "Let r = 2 + -1.7. ", "Which is smaller: w or r?", "\nw\nLet h(p) = 6*p - 174. ", "Let q be h(32). ", "Suppose a + a + 4*o = 30, -103 = -5*a + 4*o. ", "Are a and q non-equal?", "\nTrue\nLet j = 4 + 6. ", "Is 17/2 bigger than j?", "\nFalse\nLet l = 0.4 - -1.1. ", "Is -2/7 greater than l?", "\nFalse\nLet p be 2 + (3 - 4) + 2. ", "Let i = 3 - p. Suppose -3*a = -4*u + 26, -5*a + 3*u = -i*u + 25. ", "Which is smaller: -4/7 or a?", "\na\nLet l be (4/15)/((-1)/5). ", "Suppose v - 1 = -3*d - 6, d - 2*v = -4. ", "Let k be 0*1/(-4)*d. ", "Which is smaller: k or l?", "\nl\nLet n = -0.119 - 0.011. ", "Is -1/5 less than n?", "\nTrue\nLet l be (1 + (0 - 15))/1. ", "Let f = -7 - l. Suppose 0 = -f*w + 2*w. ", "Are w and -1 equal?", "\nFalse\nLet s = 1.6 - 1.4. ", "Suppose 15 = 6*y - 11*y. ", "Let x " ]

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[ "Tag: Escherichia coli O157:H7\n\nThe US Department of Agriculture (USDA) expanded its warning to consumers about ground beef components imported from a Canadian company after the company's steaks were linked to eight Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections in Canada." ]

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[ "Former Supercars champion Garth Tander will join the TCR Australia grid at Phillip Island.", "\n\nThe 2007 Supercars champion and Triple Eight Pirtek Enduro Cup co-driver will pilot one of two brand-new Audi RS3s recently ordered by Melbourne Performance Centre in Round 2 of the new two litre touring car series.", "\n\nTander is a familiar face at MPC having raced Audi R8 GT3s for the squad at the Liqui-Moly Bathurst 12 Hour and in Australian GT, with the 42-year-old set to race in the latter and TCR Australia at Phillip Island.", "\n\nNext weekend will be three-time Supercheap Auto Bathurst 1000 winner’s first taste of front wheel drive touring car machinery having raced Supercars full-time from 1998 until the end of last season.", "\n\n“I’m looking forward to it. ", "I was a keen observer of the first round in Sydney, so to get my opportunity to drive a brand new Audi at Phillip Island is fantastic,” said Tander.", "\n\n“It will be different to drive than anything I’ve done before so it will be a challenge to get my head around it.", "\n\n“I’ve never raced a front wheel drive car before. ", "That will be the main thing to get across, but looking at the racing in Sydney, it looked exciting, challenging, and the guys out there are fast and switched on.", "\n\n“Drivers like Will Brown, Tony D’Alberto and Jason Bright have have a full race weekend head start on me. ", "I have a bit of catching up to do but I’m up for it.”", "\n\nTander is set to partner Aaron Cameron at the team who is set to pilot the squad’s Volkswagen Golf for the remainder of the inaugural TCR Australia season.", "\n\nMPC is yet to confirm the drivers for its remaining two Audis including the car that was piloted by Dutchman Rik Breukers, who was on a one round only seat at the Sydney Motorsport Park opener.", "\n\n“Garth is our first port of call anytime our team needs a driver. ", "We tried to get him for Sydney but things didn’t work. ", "We are rapt that he’ll be in our car for Phillip Island,” said MPC boss Troy Russell.", "\n\n“He is the ultimate professional – both in and out of the car. ", "He won’t have driven the car prior to Phillip Island, but knowing Garth, it won’t take him long to get his head around it and get on the pace.", "\n\n“He is also racing the Audi R8 in the Australian GT races too, so he won’t be lacking for race miller over the weekend.”", "\n\nTCR Australia heads to Phillip Island for Round 2 from June 7-9.", "\n\nAll races will be broadcast live on SBS and on the Shannons Nationals live stream which will be carried by Speedcafe.com." ]

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[ "#include <common.h>\n#include <asm/arch/dram.h>\n#include <asm/arch/cpu.h>\n\nvoid mctl_set_timing_params(uint16_t socid, struct dram_para *para)\n{\n\tstruct sunxi_mctl_ctl_reg * const mctl_ctl =\n\t\t\t(struct sunxi_mctl_ctl_reg *)SUNXI_DRAM_CTL0_BASE;\n\n\tu8 tccd\t\t= 2;\n\tu8 tfaw\t\t= max(ns_to_t(50), 4);\n\tu8 trrd\t\t= max(ns_to_t(10), 2);\n\tu8 trcd\t\t= max(ns_to_t(24), 2);\n\tu8 trc\t\t= ns_to_t(70);\n\tu8 txp\t\t= max(ns_to_t(8), 2);\n\tu8 twtr\t\t= max(ns_to_t(8), 2);\n\tu8 trtp\t\t= max(ns_to_t(8), 2);\n\tu8 twr\t\t= max(ns_to_t(15), 3);\n\tu8 trp\t\t= max(ns_to_t(27), 2);\n\tu8 tras\t\t= ns_to_t(42);\n\tu16 trefi\t= ns_to_t(3900) / 32;\n\tu16 trfc\t= ns_to_t(210);\n\n\tu8 tmrw\t\t= 5;\n\tu8 tmrd\t\t= 5;\n\tu8 tmod\t\t= 12;\n\tu8 tcke\t\t= 3;\n\tu8 tcksrx\t= 5;\n\tu8 tcksre\t= 5;\n\tu8 tckesr\t= 5;\n\tu8 trasmax\t= 24;\n\n\tu8 tcl\t\t= 6; /* CL 12 */\n\tu8 tcwl\t\t= 3; /* CWL 6 */\n\tu8 t_rdata_en\t= 5;\n\tu8 wr_latency\t= 2;\n\n\tu32 tdinit0\t= (200 * CONFIG_DRAM_CLK) + 1;\t\t/* 200us */\n\tu32 tdinit1\t= (100 * CONFIG_DRAM_CLK) / 1000 + 1;\t/* 100ns */\n\tu32 tdinit2\t= (11 * CONFIG_DRAM_CLK) + 1;\t\t/* 11us */\n\tu32 tdinit3\t= (1 * CONFIG_DRAM_CLK) + 1;\t\t/* 1us */\n\n\tu8 twtp\t\t= tcwl + 4 + twr + 1;\n\tu8 twr2rd\t= tcwl + 4 + 1 + twtr;\n\tu8 trd2wr\t= tcl + 4 + 5 - tcwl + 1;\n\n\t/* set mode register */\n\twritel(0xc3, &mctl_ctl->mr[1]);\t\t/* nWR=8, BL8 */\n\twritel(0xa, &mctl_ctl->mr[2]);\t\t/* RL=12, WL=6 */\n\twritel(0x2, &mctl_ctl->mr[3]);\t\t/* 40 0hms PD/PU */\n\n\t/* set DRAM timing */\n\twritel(DRAMTMG0_TWTP(twtp) | DRAMTMG0_TFAW(tfaw) |\n\t DRAMTMG0_TRAS_MAX(trasmax) | DRAMTMG0_TRAS(tras),\n\t &mctl_ctl->dramtmg[0]);\n\twritel(DRAMTMG1_TXP(txp) | DRAMTMG1_TRTP(trtp) | DRAMTMG1_TRC(trc),\n\t &mctl_ctl->dramtmg[1]);\n\twritel(DRAMTMG2_TCWL(tcwl) | DRAMTMG2_TCL(tcl) |\n\t DRAMTMG2_TRD2WR(trd2wr) | DRAMTMG2_TWR2RD(twr2rd),\n\t &mctl_ctl->dramtmg[2]);\n\twritel(DRAMTMG3_TMRW(tmrw) | DRAMTMG3_TMRD(tmrd) | DRAMTMG3_TMOD(tmod),\n\t &mctl_ctl->dramtmg[3]);\n\twritel(DRAMTMG4_TRCD(trcd) | DRAMTMG4_TCCD(tccd) | DRAMTMG4_TRRD(trrd) |\n\t DRAMTMG4_TRP(trp), &mctl_ctl->dramtmg[4]);\n\twritel(DRAMTMG5_TCKSRX(tcksrx) | DRAMTMG5_TCKSRE(tcksre) |\n\t DRAMTMG5_TCKESR(tckesr) | DRAMTMG5_TCKE(tcke),\n\t &mctl_ctl->dramtmg[5]);\n\n\t/* set two rank timing */\n\tclrsetbits_le32(&mctl_ctl->dramtmg[8], (0xff << 8) | (0xff << 0),\n\t\t\t(0x66 << 8) | (0x10 << 0));\n\n\t/* set PHY interface timing, write latency and read latency configure */\n\twritel((0x2 << 24) | (t_rdata_en << 16) | (0x1 << 8) |\n\t (wr_latency << 0), &mctl_ctl->pitmg[0]);\n\n\t/* set PHY timing, PTR0-2 use default */\n\twritel(PTR3_TDINIT0(tdinit0) | PTR3_TDINIT1(tdinit1), &mctl_ctl->ptr[3]);\n\twritel(PTR4_TDINIT2(tdinit2) | PTR4_TDINIT3(tdinit3), &mctl_ctl->ptr[4]);\n\n\t/* set refresh timing */\n\twritel(RFSHTMG_TREFI(trefi) | RFSHTMG_TRFC(trfc), &mctl_ctl->rfshtmg);\n}\n" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nAWS Elasticsearch CPU usage spikes\n\nI'm using a AWS ElasticSearch that run fine on a v1.5 cluster and i copy the entire config (shards,nodes,instance types, mapping,data) to new v2.3 cluster.", "\nWhen i point my DNS to the new v2.3 cluster the CPU usage create spikes that slow down my entire application. ", "When im running in v1.5 cluster, the CPU usage it's almost linear, about 20% of CPU usage.", "\nObs: Clusters configuration is the same, triple checked!", "\nAmazon support tell us that is a v2.3 bug, and the bugfix will be released as soon as possible...\nBut i don't found any thing about that bug in release notes!", "\nhttps://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/2.3/release-notes-2.3.3.html\nAny tip?", "\n\nA:\n\nI think that bug is only in AWS Elasticsearch. ", "Read this message from AWS Support:\n\nHello, Thank you for updating the case. ", " After further investigation, looks like the ES 2.3 version has a bug which causes a CPU spike. ", "An\n edge case was identified resulting in steady CPU spike. ", "This has been\n fixed and the service team is rolling out patch. ", "The issue should be\n resolved soon. ", "I do not have a specific ETA as the release depends on\n a different team. ", "Best regards, Amazon Web Services We value your\n feedback. ", "Please rate my response using the link below.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Qubadlı Şıxlı\n\nQubadlı Şıxlı is a village in the municipality of Cəyirli in the Goychay Rayon of Azerbaijan.", "\n\nReferences\n\nCategory:Populated places in Goychay District" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nSplit comma separated string into several rows in SSIS?", "\n\nI want to achieve the output in 2nd table based on the input from the first table. ", "I want to do this via a SSIS package.", "\n\nSo far I tried creating a package with bypassing error whenever there comes a comma (,), but that didn't work. ", "Also tried using checkpoints, couldn't achieve it that way as well. ", "\n\nA:\n\n1st Method - You can achieve this using an SQL statement\nIn the Data Flow Task, in the OLEDB Source select the source type as SQL Command and use the following command (replace Tablename with your table name):\n;WITH tmp(ID, DataItem, [Group]) AS(\nSELECT ID, LEFT([Group], CHARINDEX(',', [Group] + ',') -1),\n STUFF([Group], 1, CHARINDEX(',', [Group] + ','), '')\nFROM [Tablename]\n\nUNION ALL\n\nSELECT ID, LEFT([Group], CHARINDEX(',',[Group]+',')-1),\n STUFF([Group], 1, CHARINDEX(',',[Group]+','), '')\nFROM tmp\nWHERE [Group] > ''\n)\n\nSELECT ID, DataItem\nFROM tmp\nORDER BY ID\n\nSQL Fiddle demo\nReferences\n\nTurning a Comma Separated string into individual rows\n\n2nd Method - Using Script Component\nYou can refer to this link for a detailed answer:\n\nSplit multi value column into multiple records\n\n" ]

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[ "{\n 'targets': [\n {\n 'target_name': 'validation',\n 'include_dirs': [\"<!(", "node -p -e \\\"require('path').dirname(require.resolve('nan'))\\\")\"],\n 'cflags': [ '-O3' ],\n 'sources': [ 'src/validation.cc' ]\n },\n {\n 'target_name': 'bufferutil',\n 'include_dirs': [\"<!(", "node -p -e \\\"require('path').dirname(require.resolve('nan'))\\\")\"],\n 'cflags': [ '-O3' ],\n 'sources': [ 'src/bufferutil.cc' ]\n }\n ]\n}\n" ]

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[ "Rikio\n\nRikio (written: 力夫 or 力雄) is a masculine Japanese given name. ", "Notable people with the name include:\n\n, Japanese bobsledder\n, Japanese Nordic combined skier\n\nSee also\n, Japanese professional wrestler\n\nCategory:Japanese masculine given names" ]

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[ "HOW DOES UVB HELP PLANT GROWTH?", "\n\nSeptember 28, 2018 21:41\n\nUVB has been shown to significantly increase potency in certain flowering plants (Just Google “UVB research by Pate, David W.” or “UVB Lydon, John and Teramura, Alan H.”)\n\nMost traditional grow lights and LEDs do not produce any UVB. ", "Our SolarStorm series was the first grow light to integrate supplemental UVB light into the spectrum for increased potency. ", "We now offer the SolarSystem 550 UVB, the SolarSystem 1100 UVB, and the SolarSystem UVB standalone supplemental light." ]

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[ "Trust Is Hard To Come By For Those Weary Of Love's Wars\n\nSINGLES\n\n'I just wanted to know who you are,'' the caller snarled, so angry he could barely utter the words.", "\n\nHe hated the column last month that aired the opinions of a group of 40ish single women. ", "The consensus among these women: Much of the midlife dating scene is a disaster. ", "And men are to blame.", "\n\nThe caller, apparently a 40something man himself, harrumphed that those women were probably a figment of someone's imagination. ", "They weren't.", "\n\nToo bad he wasn't. ", "He hung up.", "\n\nThe call was unpleasant, but it wasn't a surprise. ", "Any time you allow single people of one sex to air their frustrations about single people of the other sex, it's bound to raise hackles and launch a debate.", "\n\nAnd some of the accusations from those women were very stinging and specific: that over-40 men prefer under-40 women; that over-40 men are commitment-phobic; that over-40 men can't handle women who have taken charge of their lives and careers.", "\n\nOuch.", "\n\nSeveral other men also responded - by mail - to the single women's complaints. ", "But most of these guys weren't angry. ", "They wanted to say, hey, it's not so easy being a single man at midlife, either. ", "Particularly when men are so misunderstood.", "\n\nBoth Wendell, 45, of Orlando, and Bob, 40, of Harrisburg, Pa., felt compelled to make the distinction between man and beast - a distinction they aren't sure many women make.", "\n\nFrom Wendell, a man whose marriage ended after 20 years and complains of a flattened heart (due to stomping): ''We have feelings, too . . . ", "We are not the animals and cruel individuals most women think we are. ", "There are some of us who really care.''", "\n\nFrom Bob, who said he wonders (really) where all the flowers have gone: ''We too need the love and all the other needs women, at least in the press, claim their counterparts aren't providing . . . ", "We aren't animals and we are just as sensitive, and in need, and socially violated, as these women claim to be.''", "\n\nNot all the men who responded were defensive. ", "Some were genuinely empathetic to the plight of single women their age.", "\n\nLike many of his female peers, Jack, an almost-40 Maitland man, isn't into the bar scene. ", "He is recently separated, en route to a divorce, and convinced that all the ''nice'' women are married. ''", "Even worse, I don't know how to go about trying to disprove that.''", "\n\nSo, where does that leave us?", "\n\nOn the one hand, we have single women over 40 who are convinced their male peers aren't responsive to them. ", "On the other hand, we have single men over 40 who feel misunderstood, maligned and misused by such conclusions.", "\n\nIf Morton Downey Jr. were still taping his show, no doubt he would have booked the whole bunch of them and whipped up a visual and verbal war between the sexes.", "\n\nBut that's not going to do much for either side. ", "Single men and women at 40 and beyond have more than their fair share of war wounds from previous relationships. ", "They want to avoid further battles and find some peace.", "\n\nWhy is it so hard to find?", "\n\nBob from Pennsylvania may have a clue: ''It must first boil down to a matter of trust, for surely few our age are willing to risk much.''" ]

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[ "A novel synthesis of D-galactofuranosyl, D-glucofuranosyl and D-mannofuranosyl 1-phosphates based on remote activation of new and free hexofuranosyl donors.", "\nThe selective synthesis of 1,2-cis-hexofuranosyl 1-phosphates was readily accomplished according to a procedure based on the 'Remote Activation Concept'. ", "This approach required (i) the preparation of suitable 1,2-trans-hexofuranosyl donors, so that new heterocyclic thiofuranosides were designed and synthesized, (ii) the stereocontrolled phosphorylation of the corresponding unprotected donors and (iii) the simple and fast purification of the resulting anomeric phosphates. ", "This approach showed to be equally efficient in the galactose, glucose and mannose series." ]

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[ "Hello World\n" ]

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[ "AshleyMonet's Blog (1)\n\nI wonder... each book's cover was significant to the storyline in some form... (except for new moon): twilight- the apple represented the beginning/ Genesis of it all; eclispe- the ribbon was for the ties of the relationship bella create between the wolves and the vamps; breaking dawn- the queen protecting her pawn/ daughter (renesmee)... what will be the cover of midnight sun? ", "will it be eyes being that the story is now thru edwards eyes... hmmmm lets stop and think!! ", "lol" ]

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[ " 1 This memorandum opinion was not selected for publication in the New Mexico Reports. ", "Please\n 2 see Rule 12-405 NMRA for restrictions on the citation of unpublished memorandum opinions.", "\n 3 Please also note that this electronic memorandum opinion may contain computer-generated\n 4 errors or other deviations from the official paper version filed by the Court of Appeals and does\n 5 not include the filing date.", "\n\n 6 IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF NEW MEXICO\n\n 7 STATE OF NEW MEXICO,\n\n 8 Plaintiff-Appellee,\n\n 9 v. NO. ", "29,507\n\n10 TERRY D. GIBSON,\n\n11 Defendant-Appellant.", "\n\n12 APPEAL FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF DONA AÑA COUNTY\n13 Stephen Bridgforth, District Judge\n\n14 Gary K. King, Attorney General\n15 Margaret McLean, Assistant Attorney General\n16 Santa Fe, NM\n\n17 for Appellant\n\n18 Jeffrey C. Lahann\n19 Las Cruces, NM\n\n20 for Appellee\n\n21 MEMORANDUM OPINION\n\n22 VIGIL, Judge.", "\n\n23 The State of New Mexico appeals the district court’s dismissal of the grand\n\n24 jury indictment charging Terry D. Gibson with several criminal offenses. ", "This\n\f 1 Court filed a calendar notice proposing dismissal because the notice of appeal was\n\n 2 untimely filed. ", "The State filed a memorandum in opposition, which we have duly\n\n 3 considered.", "\n\n 4 The State’s memorandum in opposition asks this Court to excuse the late\n\n 5 filing because it was caused by an inadvertent failure to allow for the fact that the\n\n 6 month of March has thirty-one days, not thirty. [", "MIO 3] Rule 12-201(A)(2)\n\n 7 NMRA requires that a notice of appeal be filed within thirty days after the\n\n 8 judgment or order appealed from is filed in the district court clerk's office. ", "We\n\n 9 have held that the timely filing of a notice of appeal is a mandatory precondition to\n\n10 the exercise of our appellate jurisdiction. ", "See State v. Upchurch, 2006-NMCA-\n\n11 076, 139 N.M. 739, 137 P.3d 679 (dismissing state’s appeal when notice of appeal\n\n12 filed one day late). ", "The docketing statement does not mention any circumstances of\n\n13 the type that might excuse the late filing. ", "See, e.g., Trujillo v. Serrano, 117 N.M.\n\n14 273, 871 P.2d 369 (1994) (holding that late filing of notice of appeal may be\n\n15 excused where court error caused the delay).", "\n\n16 Because the notice of appeal was not timely filed, we dismiss this appeal.", "\n\n17 IT IS SO ORDERED.", "\n\n\n18\n19 MICHAEL E. VIGIL, Judge\n20 WE CONCUR:\n\n\n 2\n\f1\n2 CYNTHIA A. FRY, Chief Judge\n\n\n3\n4 CELIA FOY CASTILLO, Judge\n\n\n\n\n 3\n\f" ]

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[ "Mirza Delibašić Memorial\n\nMirza Delibašić Memorial () is an international basketball tournament between clubs, which has been held annually since 2005 by Bosna and takes place in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina each summer. ", "It was named in honor of basketball player Mirza Delibašić.", "\n\nWinners\n\nReferences\n\nCategory:Basketball competitions in Bosnia and Herzegovina\nCategory:Sports competitions in Sarajevo\nCategory:KK Bosna Royal" ]

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[ "Adenosine A3 receptor activation produces nociceptive behaviour and edema by release of histamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine.", "\nThis study evaluated the pain enhancing properties of the adenosine A3 receptor agonist N6-benzyl-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (N6-benzyl-NECA) by assessing behavioural effects following s.c. ", "administration alone to the dorsal hindpaw of the rat, or in combination with a low concentration of formalin (0.5%). ", "Edema formation was monitored by determining paw volume with plethysmometry. ", "N6-benzyl-NECA (0.005-10 nmol) produced a dose-related increase in intrinsic flinching behaviours, as well as an increase in phase 2A flinch responses in the presence of formalin. ", "Intrinsic effects were blocked by the histamine H1 receptor antagonist mepyramine and the 5-hydroxytryptamine2 (5-HT2) receptor antagonist ketanserin, but not by other 5-HT receptor antagonists or adenosine A1 or A2 receptor antagonists. ", "N6-benzyl-NECA also produced an increase in paw volume, both alone and in the presence of formalin, with higher doses being required to produce this effect than for the flinch response. ", "The increase in paw volume was also blocked by mepyramine and ketanserin but not by other antagonists. ", "These results indicate both a nociceptive response and a proinflammatory response resulting in edema formation following activation of adenosine A3 receptors which is mediated by both 5-HT and histamine released most likely from mast cells." ]

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[ "In a nation that is increasingly secular, religion still plays a vital role in the way we run our country. ", "In this series, we examine the role of religion in Australian politics and education.", "\n\nThe 2016 Census reported on the changing distribution of Australians’ religious identity. ", "This might prompt some to ask: what is religion? ", "How is religion related to spirituality? ", "And what does the census tell us about this?", "\n\nFinding a definition\n\nDefining religion has exercised the minds of many, and the results are far from satisfying. ", "Spirituality is not much better. ", "Most definitions reflect the proposer’s religious origins.", "\n\nFor example, if one starts with Christianity or Islam, then all other claimants to be religions are judged according to the standard set by these groups – that is, do they have:\n\na sacred scripture;\n\na systematised theology;\n\nexplicit ethical standards;\n\nformal organisation with a head office;\n\nprofessional clergy;\n\nhistorical presence; and\n\nan association with the state?", "\n\nFurther reading: Census 2016 reveals Australia is becoming much more diverse – but can we trust the data?", "\n\nThe Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) defines religion according to the finding of the High Court. ", "In 1983, it held that “the beliefs, practices and observances of the Church of the New Faith (Scientology) were a religion in Victoria”.", "\n\nAs part of the ruling, it was stated that:\n\nFor the purposes of the law, the criteria of religion are twofold: first, belief in a Supernatural Being, Thing or Principle; and second, the acceptance of canons of conduct in order to give effect to that belief, though canons of conduct which offend against the ordinary laws are outside the area of any immunity, privilege or right conferred on the grounds of religion.", "\n\nBuddhism, a religion that denies the existence of a deity, the afterlife and is very differently organised, pushes the boundaries of a definition for those more accustomed to Judaism, Christianity and Islam.", "\n\nSpiritualities and other beliefs\n\nHowever, formally organised forms of religion are only one part of the picture of religion in Australia.", "\n\nIn the past few decades spirituality has become popular, in part as an alternative to religion – a way to have the benefits of religion without having to belong to a religion.", "\n\nFirst, it must be noted that the term “spirituality” has a long history of use within Christianity and in particular in the Roman Catholic Church, which maintains centuries’ old traditions of spiritual practice – Benedictine and Ignation, for example.", "\n\nSimilarly, in Islam, Sufi spirituality refers to a centuries-old form of mystical religious practice.", "\n\nWhile spiritualities have a long history, the term spirituality has more recently come to refer to the generic in religion minus the organisational, historical and clerical trappings.", "\n\nThe one-in-five Australians who say they are spiritual without being religious tend to be seeking connection with something that is greater than themselves: a cosmic sense of caring, a powerful but benevolent presence that attends to them, provides guidance, gives hope, shares joys and comforts in sorrow.", "\n\nMany who don’t choose to be affiliated with one of the brands of religion available negotiate their own relationships with the “more than” by:\n\nassociating with others in informal networks to seek to build a better world;\n\ndevising forms of the sacred with help from online resources; and\n\ntaking responsibility for their own spiritual life and development.", "\n\nThe ABS has category 7 in its classification of religious groups “Secular Beliefs and Other Spiritual Beliefs and No Religious Affiliation” to begin to capture the dimension of religion and spirituality not associated with formally organised religions.", "\n\nThat it includes atheists, those who declare multiple religious affiliations, and “other spiritual beliefs” indicates the rich diversity of this category – most of whom by far indicated “no religion”.", "\n\nSome Category 7 responses reflect elements of popular culture with cosmic, moral and heroic themes such as Star Wars, Star Trek, and The Ring Trilogy.", "\n\nReligious identity\n\nThe census asks Australians, “What is the person’s religion?” ", "The answer indicates a person’s religious identity, not their beliefs or practices or participation patterns; just identity. ", "Religious identity does indicate an association with a particular culture.", "\n\nDifferences associated with religious identity used to be quite marked and are still detectable. ", "Giving your religious identity as “none” means at the least that you do not associate yourself with any particular organised form of religion – no church, mosque, temple, or denomination.", "\n\nIt has also become associated with being younger, more progressive and inclusive and accepting than those who nominate a religious identity.", "\n\n“Nones” are not atheists, nor necessarily anti-religious. ", "They are just not affiliated with a formally organised religion.", "\n\nRead other articles in the series here." ]

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[ "Guided Tours\n\nThe region around Lake Constance offers many first-class tour routes. ", "From Bregenzerwald via Pfänder to Allgäu, you will get your money´s worth.", "We offer guided full-day or half-day tours in the Lake Constance region for racing cyclists, mountain bikers, touring cyclists and e-bikers- no matter whether you are a beginner or an advanced cyclist.", "During your individual tour, a trained tour guide will accompany you safely and competently.", "Of course, Bikerental Bregenz will provide you with the right equipment.", "Detailed information about all tours can be found here." ]

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[ "Hiratsuka Yoshio\n\n平塚 芳雄\n\nYoshio Hiratsuka, who is globally in active as koto & shakuhachi player and composer, and his Korei-Hogakukai have made performances more than 156 times at art festivals or at formal concerts in various places in the world.", "\n\nBeing honored such activities, he was far given lots of awards including the \"Foreign Minister's Prize\" and the \"Aichi Prefecture Cultural Art Prize\" in Japan, Prizes of \"Honorary Citizen\" in many cities in the United States, and \"Letter of Thanks\" or \"Certificate of Friendship\" in lots of countries in the world.", "\n\nHi is now the leader in the genre of hogaku (Japanese music ) in fact as well as in name.", "\n\n---\nBorn in Nagoya 1936 as a son of Kozan Hiratsuka and Tshiko Reimei, Hiratsuka is globally active as a koto and shakuhachi player and composer. ", "His first stage performance was at the age of four. ", "He began to compose music in 1955, and since then he has composed modern sokyoku (music of koto) such as Cosmos, Yuzuru Fantasy, Meditation, Joy, Fuji etc. ", "He currently holds concerts on television and radio.", "\n\nIn 1974, Hiratsuka started touring overseas, travelling first to USA. ", "He has perfoemed more than 156 times at art festivals or at formal concerts in various places around the globe, including the Berlin Festival in Germany, Flanders International Music Festival Belgium, Zagreb International Music Festival in Yugoslvia and the Hong Kong Art Festival.", "\n\nHiratsuka's music is romantic and creeps into our feelings. ", "The emotions appeal to the heart and audience moves with beautiful melody. ", "Hiratsuka has been awarded the 'Aichi Prefecture Cultural Art' prize, 'Foreign Minister' award in Japan and he has also received award of ' Honorary Citizen' from various cities in the USA. ", "Hiratsuka is the leader in the genre of hogaku (Japanese music)." ]

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[ "When police caught up with Diamond, who drove away from the bar with Schutz about 11:15 p.m., he tried to lie — but failed to deliver his line. ", "He told cops that as they were trying to leave, a commotion broke out, and when he looked up from signing for his credit card, Schutz had a bloody face and two men were holding her by the hair, the complaint said." ]

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[ "Fantasy Football Bosseshttp://hyphenpodcastgroup.com/category/fantasy-football-bosses/\nWhen you need help, you go to the bosses. ", "Gary Wolfe and Anthony Sellers are the Fantasy Football Bosses and are here to see you be the best fantasy players you can be. ", "But you still won’t be able to defeat them or their trash talk of awesomeness.", "Thu, 16 May 2019 19:34:06 +0000en-US\nhourly\n1 https://wordpress.org/?v=5.2.1https://i2.wp.com/hyphenpodcastgroup.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/hpg-icon-2018.png?fit=32%2C32Fantasy Football Bosseshttp://hyphenpodcastgroup.com/category/fantasy-football-bosses/\n3232When you need help, you go to the bosses. ", "Gary Wolfe and Anthony Sellers are the Fantasy Football Bosses and are here to see you be the best fantasy players you can be. ", "But you still won't be able to defeat them or their trash talk of awesomeness.", "Hyphen Podcast GroupyesepisodicHyphen Podcast Grouphyphenpodcastgroup@gmail.comhyphenpodcastgroup@gmail.com (Hyphen Podcast Group)Each week, the Fantasy Football Bosses try to make your fantasy teams as succesful as theirs.", "Fantasy Football Bosseshttp://hyphenpodcastgroup.com/wp-content/uploads/powerpress/ffb-cover.jpghttp://hyphenpodcastgroup.com/category/fantasy-football-bosses/\nhyphenpodcastgroup@gmail.comWhen you need help, you go to the bosses. ", "Gary Wolfe and Anthony Sellers are the Fantasy Football Bosses and are here to see you be the best fantasy players you can be. ", "But you still won't be able to defeat them or their trash talk of awesomeness.", "YesTV-14144008699Fantasy Football Bosses – Episode 21: Season’s End [Season Finale]http://hyphenpodcastgroup.com/episode-21-seasons-end-season-finale/\nhttp://hyphenpodcastgroup.com/episode-21-seasons-end-season-finale/#respondFri, 19 Jan 2018 01:30:00 +0000http://hyphenpodcastgroup.com/episode-21-seasons-end-season-finale/The Conference Championships have arrived, marking the final episode of the Fantasy Football Bosses Podcast. ", "In episode 21, host Gary Wolfe finally admits his hatred for his co-host Anthony Sellers, if only sparked by last weeks pick’em challenge.", "\n\nAlas, they set aside the differences to bring you their top plays this week in the most important games for each of the four teams, as well as their sleeper picks and potential player busts.", "\n\nThey pick the two games as well. ", "Who comes out on top of their playoff pick’em challenge? ", "You’ll have to listen to find out.", "\n\nWant to interact with the podcast? ", "You can do so on twitter at the following:@FFBBosses (for the podcast)@WVTreyS3 (Anthony)@wolfe1020 (Gary)\n\nIntro and Outtro music produced by Feelo Records.", "\n\n]]>http://hyphenpodcastgroup.com/episode-21-seasons-end-season-finale/feed/0The Conference Championships have arrived, marking the final episode of the Fantasy Football Bosses Podcast. ", "In episode 21, host Gary Wolfe finally admits his hatred for his co-host Anthony Sellers, if only sparked by last weeks pick'em challenge. ", "Alas,The Conference Championships have arrived, marking the final episode of the Fantasy Football Bosses Podcast. ", "In episode 21, host Gary Wolfe finally admits his hatred for his co-host Anthony Sellers, if only sparked by last weeks pick'em challenge. ", "Alas, they set aside the differences to bring you their top plays this week in the most important games for each of the four teams, as well as their sleeper picks and potential player busts. ", "They pick the two games as well. ", "Who comes out on top of their playoff pick'em challenge? ", "You'll have to listen to find out. ", "Until next season... You can subscribe and catch all episodes here on soundcloud, as well as on ITunes, and on hyphenpodcastgroup.wordpress.com. ", "Want to interact with the podcast? ", "You can do so on twitter at the following: @FFBBosses (for the podcast) @WVTreyS3 (Anthony) @wolfe1020 (Gary) Intro and Outtro music produced by Feelo Records.", "Gary Wolfe & Anthony Sellers121yes16:53772Fantasy Football Bosses – Episode 20: Who Needs A Thesaurus?http://hyphenpodcastgroup.com/episode-20-who-needs-a-thesaurus/\nhttp://hyphenpodcastgroup.com/episode-20-who-needs-a-thesaurus/#respondFri, 12 Jan 2018 01:30:00 +0000http://hyphenpodcastgroup.com/episode-20-who-needs-a-thesaurus/sode’s left, hosts Anthony Sellers and Gary Wolfe break down the divisional round of the playoffs, giving you their top picks as well as sleepers picks and the player with the most bust potential.", "\n\nHave the two developed liked minds? ", "Well, yes and no!", "\n\nThe last half of the show, the two pick this weeks matchups, as well as predict the total points for each game. ", "Last Week, Gary went 2-2 and Anthony went 1-3.", "\n\nWant to interact with the podcast? ", "You can do so on twitter at the following:@FFBBosses (for the podcast)@WVTreyS3 (Anthony)@wolfe1020 (Gary)\n\nIntro and Outtro music produced by Feelo Records.", "\n\n]]>http://hyphenpodcastgroup.com/episode-20-who-needs-a-thesaurus/feed/0 With two episode's left, hosts Anthony Sellers and Gary Wolfe break down the divisional round of the playoffs, giving you their top picks as well as sleepers picks and the player with the most bust potential. ", "Have the two developed liked minds? ", "Wel With two episode's left, hosts Anthony Sellers and Gary Wolfe break down the divisional round of the playoffs, giving you their top picks as well as sleepers picks and the player with the most bust potential. ", "Have the two developed liked minds? ", "Well, yes and no! ", "The last half of the show, the two pick this weeks matchups, as well as predict the total points for each game. ", "Last Week, Gary went 2-2 and Anthony went 1-3. ", "Be sure to check back next week for the final episode of the 2017-2018 season. ", "You can subscribe and catch all episodes here on soundcloud, as well as on ITunes, and on hyphenpodcastgroup.wordpress.com. ", "Want to interact with the podcast? ", "You can do so on twitter at the following: @FFBBosses (for the podcast) @WVTreyS3 (Anthony) @wolfe1020 (Gary) Intro and Outtro music produced by Feelo Records.", "Gary Wolfe & Anthony Sellers120yes23:42773Fantasy Football Bosses – Episode 19: Playoffshttp://hyphenpodcastgroup.com/episode-19-playoffs/\nhttp://hyphenpodcastgroup.com/episode-19-playoffs/#respondFri, 05 Jan 2018 04:54:00 +0000http://hyphenpodcastgroup.com/episode-19-playoffs/The NFL Playoffs have arrived, and Anthony Sellers and Gary Wolfe are still here to give you all you need to know for DFS. ", "As per usual, the two give there top plays for each position as well as sleepers picks and potential busts of the week. ", "Did Gary purchase a one-way ticket to L.A. on the Gurley Train?", "\n\nIn the spirit of the playoffs, the two decide to swap out the normal over/under segment and ultimate statline for overall game picks and total points scored for each game being played this weekend.", "\n\nWant to interact with the podcast? ", "You can do so on twitter at the following:@FFBBosses (for the podcast) @WVTreyS3 (Anthony) @wolfe1020 (Gary)\n\nIntro and Outtro music produced by Feelo Records.", "\n\n]]>http://hyphenpodcastgroup.com/episode-19-playoffs/feed/0The NFL Playoffs have arrived, and Anthony Sellers and Gary Wolfe are still here to give you all you need to know for DFS. ", "As per usual, the two give there top plays for each position as well as sleepers picks and potential busts of the week. ", "Did Gary puThe NFL Playoffs have arrived, and Anthony Sellers and Gary Wolfe are still here to give you all you need to know for DFS. ", "As per usual, the two give there top plays for each position as well as sleepers picks and potential busts of the week. ", "Did Gary purchase a one-way ticket to L.A. on the Gurley Train? ", "In the spirit of the playoffs, the two decide to swap out the normal over/under segment and ultimate statline for overall game picks and total points scored for each game being played this weekend. ", "Be sure to check back next week. ", "You can subscribe and catch all episodes here on soundcloud, as well as on ITunes, and on hyphenpodcastgroup.wordpress.com. ", "Want to interact with the podcast? ", "You can do so on twitter at the following: @FFBBosses (for the podcast) @WVTreyS3 (Anthony) @wolfe1020 (Gary) Intro and Outtro music produced by Feelo Records.", "Gary Wolfe & Anthony Sellers119yes17:28774Fantasy Football Bosses – Episode 18: Ertz Brings The Hurtzhttp://hyphenpodcastgroup.com/episode-18-ertz-brings-the-hurtz/\nhttp://hyphenpodcastgroup.com/episode-18-ertz-brings-the-hurtz/#respondFri, 29 Dec 2017 01:30:00 +0000http://hyphenpodcastgroup.com/episode-18-ertz-brings-the-hurtz/The Fantasy Football Bosses end the regular season on a high note as Gary Wolfe gloats about his championship victory in Gridiron Conglomerate. ", "The two then go into their regularly scheduled episode, where they give their top plays at each position for the week, sleeper picks and player busts. ", "They also pick their over/under segment as well as the ultimate statline.", "\n\nThe final segment, the trash talk segment, was renamed for the week. ", "And the two give congratulations to all in their respective leagues.", "\n\nThe final three episodes will focus on DFS as the two will provide their opinions throughout the playoffs. ", "Be sure to check back.", "\n\n]]>http://hyphenpodcastgroup.com/episode-18-ertz-brings-the-hurtz/feed/0The Fantasy Football Bosses end the regular season on a high note as Gary Wolfe gloats about his championship victory in Gridiron Conglomerate. ", "The two then go into their regularly scheduled episode, where they give their top plays at each position for tThe Fantasy Football Bosses end the regular season on a high note as Gary Wolfe gloats about his championship victory in Gridiron Conglomerate. ", "The two then go into their regularly scheduled episode, where they give their top plays at each position for the week, sleeper picks and player busts. ", "They also pick their over/under segment as well as the ultimate statline. ", "The final segment, the trash talk segment, was renamed for the week. ", "And the two give congratulations to all in their respective leagues. ", "The final three episodes will focus on DFS as the two will provide their opinions throughout the playoffs. ", "Be sure to check back. ", "You can subscribe and catch all episodes here on soundcloud, as well as on ITunes, and on hyphenpodcastgroup.wordpress.com. ", "Want to interact with the podcast? ", "You can do so on twitter at the following: @FFBBosses (for the podcast) @WVTreyS3 (Anthony) @wolfe1020 (Gary) Intro and Outtro music produced by Feelo Records.", "Gary Wolfe & Anthony Sellers118yes24:08775Fantasy Football Bosses – Episode 17: Championship Weekhttp://hyphenpodcastgroup.com/episode-17-championship-week/\nhttp://hyphenpodcastgroup.com/episode-17-championship-week/#respondThu, 21 Dec 2017 23:07:00 +0000http://hyphenpodcastgroup.com/episode-17-championship-week/Week 16 of the NFL season is the most important season in Fantasy Football! ", "Championships are won and lost this week. ", "Host Gary Wolfe is playing for a championship in one season-long league after beating his cohost Anthony Sellers, while his nemesis, Eric Jordan (Host of Browns In Our Blood with Anthony) is playing for a championship in the other league the two are in together. ", "Who will have the last laugh?", "\n\nAs has been the status quo all season, the two give their top plays for each position, sleeper picks, and player busts. ", "They also give their over/under segment and their ultimate statline of the week.", "\n\nWant to interact with the fantasy football bosses? ", "You can below on twitter at the following:@FFBBosses (for the podcast)@WVTreyS3 (Anthony)@wolfe1020 (Gary)\n\nIntro and Outtro music produced by Feelo Records.", "\n\n]]>http://hyphenpodcastgroup.com/episode-17-championship-week/feed/0Week 16 of the NFL season is the most important season in Fantasy Football! ", "Championships are won and lost this week. ", "Host Gary Wolfe is playing for a championship in one season-long league after beating his cohost Anthony Sellers, while his nemesis, EriWeek 16 of the NFL season is the most important season in Fantasy Football! ", "Championships are won and lost this week. ", "Host Gary Wolfe is playing for a championship in one season-long league after beating his cohost Anthony Sellers, while his nemesis, Eric Jordan (Host of Browns In Our Blood with Anthony) is playing for a championship in the other league the two are in together. ", "Who will have the last laugh? ", "As has been the status quo all season, the two give their top plays for each position, sleeper picks, and player busts. ", "They also give their over/under segment and their ultimate statline of the week. ", "As the season winds down, so has the trash talk, and in the spirit of the holiday season, the two wish all their listeners a Merry Christmas! ", "You can find all episodes of Fantasy Football Bosses on ITunes, Soundcloud, and hyphenpodcastgroup.wordpress.com. ", "Want to interact with the fantasy football bosses? ", "You can below on twitter at the following: @FFBBosses (for the podcast) @WVTreyS3 (Anthony) @wolfe1020 (Gary) Intro and Outtro music produced by Feelo Records.", "Gary Wolfe & Anthony Sellers117yes24:31776Fantasy Football Bosses – Episode 16: Tis The Seasonhttp://hyphenpodcastgroup.com/episode-16-tis-the-season/\nhttp://hyphenpodcastgroup.com/episode-16-tis-the-season/#respondFri, 15 Dec 2017 03:46:00 +0000http://hyphenpodcastgroup.com/episode-16-tis-the-season/The fantasy football playoffs are in full swing for season long leagues, and hosts Anthony Sellers and Gary Wolfe are set to embark on the battle of all battles in their Gridiron Conglomerate league; loser goes home, winner plays for the championship.", "\n\nAs for all other musings, the two give their top plays of the week at every position, as well as their potential sleepers and bust players of the week. ", "They go through and predict the over under segment, and provide their ultimate statline of the week.", "\n\nInstead of trash talk, Gary keeps with the holiday spirit, while Anthony finally set his sights on a rivalry opponent! ", "It only took 15 weeks.", "\n\nYou can also intereact with the Fantasy Football Bosses on twitter at the following:@FFBBosses (for the podcast)@WVTreyS3 (Anthony)@wolfe1020 (Gary)\n\nIntro and Outro music produced by Feelo Records.", "\n\n]]>http://hyphenpodcastgroup.com/episode-16-tis-the-season/feed/0The fantasy football playoffs are in full swing for season long leagues, and hosts Anthony Sellers and Gary Wolfe are set to embark on the battle of all battles in their Gridiron Conglomerate league; loser goes home, winner plays for the championship. ", "AsThe fantasy football playoffs are in full swing for season long leagues, and hosts Anthony Sellers and Gary Wolfe are set to embark on the battle of all battles in their Gridiron Conglomerate league; loser goes home, winner plays for the championship. ", "As for all other musings, the two give their top plays of the week at every position, as well as their potential sleepers and bust players of the week. ", "They go through and predict the over under segment, and provide their ultimate statline of the week. ", "Instead of trash talk, Gary keeps with the holiday spirit, while Anthony finally set his sights on a rivalry opponent! ", "It only took 15 weeks. ", "Be sure to check back next week. ", "Missed an episode? ", "You can find every episode on ITunes and hyphenpodcastgroup.wordpress.com as well as on Soundcloud. ", "You can also intereact with the Fantasy Football Bosses on twitter at the following: @FFBBosses (for the podcast) @WVTreyS3 (Anthony) @wolfe1020 (Gary) Intro and Outro music produced by Feelo Records.", "Gary Wolfe & Anthony Sellers116yes23:07777Fantasy Football Bosses – Episode 15: Fantasy Football Playoffs?!http://hyphenpodcastgroup.com/episode-15-fantasy-football-playoffs/\nhttp://hyphenpodcastgroup.com/episode-15-fantasy-football-playoffs/#respondFri, 08 Dec 2017 01:00:00 +0000http://hyphenpodcastgroup.com/episode-15-fantasy-football-playoffs/Week 14 in the NFL comes and Anthony and Gary have a lot to go over, starting with multiple suspensions being handed out, as well as one major injury.", "\n\nThe two then get into their normal groove, giving you their top plays this week at each position, sleeper picks and their potential bust of the week. ", "Anthony also reminds all listeners of the disclaimer that both made since the podcast’s inception.", "\n\nAfter picking the over/under segment and ultimate stat projection, Gary shines in the trash talk segment, the segment tailor-made for him.", "\n\nHave a question, or want to connect with the fantasy football bosses? ", "You can do so at the following on twitter:@FFBBosses (for the podcast)@WVTreyS3 (Anthony)@wolfe1020 (Gary)\n\nIntro and Outro music produced by Feelo Records.", "\n\n]]>http://hyphenpodcastgroup.com/episode-15-fantasy-football-playoffs/feed/0Week 14 in the NFL comes and Anthony and Gary have a lot to go over, starting with multiple suspensions being handed out, as well as one major injury. ", "The two then get into their normal groove, giving you their top plays this week at each position, sleepWeek 14 in the NFL comes and Anthony and Gary have a lot to go over, starting with multiple suspensions being handed out, as well as one major injury. ", "The two then get into their normal groove, giving you their top plays this week at each position, sleeper picks and their potential bust of the week. ", "Anthony also reminds all listeners of the disclaimer that both made since the podcast's inception. ", "After picking the over/under segment and ultimate stat projection, Gary shines in the trash talk segment, the segment tailor-made for him. ", "Be sure to check back next! ", "Missed an episode? ", "You can find every episode on ITunes and hyphenpodcastgroup.wordpress.com as well as Soundcloud. ", "Have a question, or want to connect with the fantasy football bosses? ", "You can do so at the following on twitter: @FFBBosses (for the podcast) @WVTreyS3 (Anthony) @wolfe1020 (Gary) Intro and Outro music produced by Feelo Records.", "Gary Wolfe & Anthony Sellers115yes35:01778Fantasy Football Bosses – Episode 14: The Most Interesting Episode?!http://hyphenpodcastgroup.com/episode-14-the-most-interesting-episode/\nhttp://hyphenpodcastgroup.com/episode-14-the-most-interesting-episode/#respondFri, 01 Dec 2017 03:00:00 +0000http://hyphenpodcastgroup.com/episode-14-the-most-interesting-episode/After taking a one-week hiatus, the Fantasy Football Bosses Podcast returns, moving in full swing from the very beginning. ", "Anthony unintentionally finds a favorite word of the week (interesting?! ", "really?!), ", "and Gary renews his fantasy verbal feud with Eric. ", "Will the two collide in the playoffs of one their season-long leagues? ", "Anthony can only hope!", "\n\nAs far as actual football goes, Anthony and Gary provide insight into their top plays of the week at each position, tell you who they have as sleeper picks and provide their potential player busts for the week.", "\n\nThe over/under segment is brought back as well as the ultimate stat projection, where Anthony stabs at Carson Wentz statline this week, while Gary sets his projection for Jordan Howard.", "\n\nAs always, the two end the show with the trash talk portion, where Gary just wants to know, where is the love?", "\n\nLike the podcast? ", "Let them know by hitting them up on twitter at the following:@FFBBosses (for the podcast)@WVTreyS3 (Anthony)@wolfe1020 (Gary)\n\n]]>http://hyphenpodcastgroup.com/episode-14-the-most-interesting-episode/feed/0After taking a one-week hiatus, the Fantasy Football Bosses Podcast returns, moving in full swing from the very beginning. ", "Anthony unintentionally finds a favorite word of the week (interesting?! ", "really?!), ", "and Gary renews his fantasy verbal feud with ErAfter taking a one-week hiatus, the Fantasy Football Bosses Podcast returns, moving in full swing from the very beginning. ", "Anthony unintentionally finds a favorite word of the week (interesting?! ", "really?!), ", "and Gary renews his fantasy verbal feud with Eric. ", "Will the two collide in the playoffs of one their season-long leagues? ", "Anthony can only hope! ", "As far as actual football goes, Anthony and Gary provide insight into their top plays of the week at each position, tell you who they have as sleeper picks and provide their potential player busts for the week. ", "The over/under segment is brought back as well as the ultimate stat projection, where Anthony stabs at Carson Wentz statline this week, while Gary sets his projection for Jordan Howard. ", "As always, the two end the show with the trash talk portion, where Gary just wants to know, where is the love? ", "Like the podcast? ", "Let them know by hitting them up on twitter at the following: @FFBBosses (for the podcast) @WVTreyS3 (Anthony) @wolfe1020 (Gary) You can find all episode's on ITunes as well as hyphenpodcastgroup.wordpress.com. ", "Intro and Outro music produced by Feelo Records.", "Gary Wolfe & Anthony Sellers114yes27:18779Fantasy Football Bosses – Episode 13: Forced To Go Solohttp://hyphenpodcastgroup.com/episode-13-forced-to-go-solo/\nhttp://hyphenpodcastgroup.com/episode-13-forced-to-go-solo/#respondFri, 17 Nov 2017 04:50:00 +0000http://hyphenpodcastgroup.com/episode-13-forced-to-go-solo/In a condensed version of the normal podcast, Anthony Sellers does the podcast on his own. ", "Prior engagements forced his hand as his normal co-host Gary Wolfe was unable to join for the week and Anthony wasn’t able to scramble quick enough to get someone to fill in for Gary.", "\n\nAlas, the show goes on and Anthony tells you his top plays for this week as well as his sleeper pick and potential bust of the week. ", "After reviewing last week’s over/under segment, he decided to take a break from the over/under segment this week but still gives his ultimate statline, which featured Melvin Gordon this week.", "\n\nHe goes over a quick review of some trash talk from last week, and after 16 minutes, he is on his way to watching Thursday Night Football.", "\n\n]]>http://hyphenpodcastgroup.com/episode-13-forced-to-go-solo/feed/0In a condensed version of the normal podcast, Anthony Sellers does the podcast on his own. ", "Prior engagements forced his hand as his normal co-host Gary Wolfe was unable to join for the week and Anthony wasn't able to scramble quick enough to get someoneIn a condensed version of the normal podcast, Anthony Sellers does the podcast on his own. ", "Prior engagements forced his hand as his normal co-host Gary Wolfe was unable to join for the week and Anthony wasn't able to scramble quick enough to get someone to fill in for Gary. ", "Alas, the show goes on and Anthony tells you his top plays for this week as well as his sleeper pick and potential bust of the week. ", "After reviewing last week's over/under segment, he decided to take a break from the over/under segment this week but still gives his ultimate statline, which featured Melvin Gordon this week. ", "He goes over a quick review of some trash talk from last week, and after 16 minutes, he is on his way to watching Thursday Night Football. ", "Missed an episode? ", "You can find all episodes of Fantasy Football Bosses on ITunes and hyphenpodcastgroup.wordpress.com. ", "Want to interact with the fantasy football bosses? ", "Get at (and follow) the podcast and the hosts on twitter at the below handles: @FFBBosses (for the podcast) @WVTreyS3 (Anthony) @wolfe1020 (Gary) Although there will not be a podcast next week (Thanksgiving day), be sure to check back in two weeks for more Fantasy Input! ", "Intro and Outtro music produced by Feelo Records.", "Gary Wolfe & Anthony Sellers113yes16:20780Fantasy Football Bosses – Episode 12: The Trail Of Tearshttp://hyphenpodcastgroup.com/episode-12-the-trail-of-tears/\nhttp://hyphenpodcastgroup.com/episode-12-the-trail-of-tears/#respondThu, 09 Nov 2017 18:06:00 +0000http://hyphenpodcastgroup.com/episode-12-the-trail-of-tears/It’s week 10, and war is declared by Gary Wolfe early and often. ", "This is the week he faces his friendly foe, Eric in both leagues they are in. ", "From the onset, Gary proclaims himself “The Destroyer of E!” ", "and never lets up throughout the episode. ", "Will his team back up his trash talk? ", "Only time will tell.", "\n\nOther happenings during the podcast include Anthony Sellers and Gary giving their top plays, sleeper picks and potential busts of the week; most of which revolved around the Indianapolis Colts (not in a positive manner for Colts fans.) ", "Anthony blunders on preparation details for a second week, so the two create the over/under segment while recording, and the two give their ultimate stat projection.", "\n\nThey then end with the trash talk segment, which was more of a continuation of the whole podcast, with everything else sprinkled in like the “change-of-pace RB.”", "\n\nAs always, you can find all episodes of Fantasy Football Bosses on Itunes as well as hyphenpodcastgroup.wordpress.com\n\nWant to reach out to Fantasy Football Bosses, you can connect with them on twitter at the following names\n@FFBbosses (for the podcast)\n@WVTreyS3 (for Anthony)\n@wolfe1020 (for Gary)\n\n]]>http://hyphenpodcastgroup.com/episode-12-the-trail-of-tears/feed/0It's week 10, and war is declared by Gary Wolfe early and often. ", "This is the week he faces his friendly foe, Eric in both leagues they are in. ", "From the onset, Gary proclaims himself \"The Destroyer of E!\" ", "and never lets up throughout the episode. ", "Will hisIt's week 10, and war is declared by Gary Wolfe early and often. ", "This is the week he faces his friendly foe, Eric in both leagues they are in. ", "From the onset, Gary proclaims himself \"The Destroyer of E!\" ", "and never lets up throughout the episode. ", "Will his team back up his trash talk? ", "Only time will tell. ", "Other happenings during the podcast include Anthony Sellers and Gary giving their top plays, sleeper picks and potential busts of the week; most of which revolved around the Indianapolis Colts (not in a positive manner for Colts fans.) ", "Anthony blunders on preparation details for a second week, so the two create the over/under segment while recording, and the two give their ultimate stat projection. ", "They then end with the trash talk segment, which was more of a continuation of the whole podcast, with everything else sprinkled in like the \"change-of-pace RB.\" ", "As always, you can find all episodes of Fantasy Football Bosses on Itunes as well as hyphenpodcastgroup.wordpress.com Want to reach out to Fantasy Football Bosses, you can connect with them on twitter at the following names @FFBbosses (for the podcast) @WVTreyS3 (for Anthony) @wolfe1020 (for Gary) Be sure to check back next week! ", "Intro and Outro music produced by Feelo Records.", "Gary Wolfe & Anthony Sellers112yes31:45781Fantasy Football Bosses – Episode 11: On The Mile High Trainhttp://hyphenpodcastgroup.com/episode-11-on-the-mile-high-train/\nhttp://hyphenpodcastgroup.com/episode-11-on-the-mile-high-train/#respondFri, 03 Nov 2017 01:52:00 +0000http://hyphenpodcastgroup.com/episode-11-on-the-mile-high-train/Episode 11 starts with an open apology to the fantasy football gods from Kelen “B Hyphen” Conley in the first ever episode call-in. (", "He caught the hosts right as they were about to start recording, quite literally!) ", "Hosts Anthony Sellers and Gary Wolfe then start your regularly scheduled podcast with injury updates, how the trades at the trade deadline will affect the rest of the fantasy football season and what impact will come of Josh Gordon being reinstated by NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell.", "\n\nThe two then bicker and disagree with each other over their top plays of the week and potential busts. ", "Anthony drops a bombshell on Gary for his sleeper pick, one that prompts a bet where Gary (a Steeler fan) could end up appearing on Anthony’s other show, “Browns In Our Blood” wearing Browns memorabilia.", "\n\nIn keeping with the apologetic theme of the first few minutes of the show, the two also send their apologies for missing terribly on last week’s potential bust players (Deshaun Watson for Anthony and DeAndre Hopkins for Gary.) ", "The two then go over their ultimate stat line’s for this week as well as give their opinions on certain stats being hit in the over under segment of the show.", "\n\nYou can reach out to the fantasy football bosses on twitter @FFBBosses, you can reach Anthony (@WVTreyS3) and Gary (@wolfe1020).", "\n\nIntro and Outro music produced by Feelo Records.", "\n\n]]>http://hyphenpodcastgroup.com/episode-11-on-the-mile-high-train/feed/0Episode 11 starts with an open apology to the fantasy football gods from Kelen \"B Hyphen\" Conley in the first ever episode call-in. (", "He caught the hosts right as they were about to start recording, quite literally!) ", "Hosts Anthony Sellers and Gary Wolfe tEpisode 11 starts with an open apology to the fantasy football gods from Kelen \"B Hyphen\" Conley in the first ever episode call-in. (", "He caught the hosts right as they were about to start recording, quite literally!) ", "Hosts Anthony Sellers and Gary Wolfe then start your regularly scheduled podcast with injury updates, how the trades at the trade deadline will affect the rest of the fantasy football season and what impact will come of Josh Gordon being reinstated by NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell. ", "The two then bicker and disagree with each other over their top plays of the week and potential busts. ", "Anthony drops a bombshell on Gary for his sleeper pick, one that prompts a bet where Gary (a Steeler fan) could end up appearing on Anthony's other show, \"Browns In Our Blood\" wearing Browns memorabilia. ", "In keeping with the apologetic theme of the first few minutes of the show, the two also send their apologies for missing terribly on last week's potential bust players (Deshaun Watson for Anthony and DeAndre Hopkins for Gary.) ", "The two then go over their ultimate stat line's for this week as well as give their opinions on certain stats being hit in the over under segment of the show. ", "The two then end the episode the same as every other episode, with a little trash talk. ", "Be sure to check back next week! ", "You can find all episodes of The Fantasy Football Bosses podcast on ITunes and hyphenpodcastgroup.wordpress.com You can reach out to the fantasy football bosses on twitter @FFBBosses, you can reach Anthony (@WVTreyS3) and Gary (@wolfe1020). ", "Intro and Outro music produced by Feelo Records.", "Gary Wolfe & Anthony Sellers111yes54:16782Fantasy Football Bosses – Episode 10: Budding Friendships Growhttp://hyphenpodcastgroup.com/episode-10-budding-friendships-grow/\nhttp://hyphenpodcastgroup.com/episode-10-budding-friendships-grow/#respondThu, 26 Oct 2017 10:30:00 +0000http://hyphenpodcastgroup.com/episode-10-budding-friendships-grow/Episode 10 of the Fantasy Football Bosses arrives with trash talk showing up early and often. ", "After a quick injury update, hosts Anthony Sellers and Gary Wolfe delve into their top plays of the week for each position, potential sleepers and potential busts for the week. ", "They also give their ultimate statline, and Gary (justifiably) boasts about his projection from last week (episode 9).", "\n\nAs is custom of every episode, the two end with their trash talk segment, where Gary gives one member of their season long league a new nickname, and Anthony calls out a fellow Browns fan.", "\n\nYou can find every episode of the Fantasy Football Bosses Podcast on Itunes and hyphenpodcastgroup.wordpress.com as well as interact with them on Twitter @FFBBosses.", "\n\nIntro and Outro music produced by Feelo Records.", "\n\n]]>http://hyphenpodcastgroup.com/episode-10-budding-friendships-grow/feed/0Episode 10 of the Fantasy Football Bosses arrives with trash talk showing up early and often. ", "After a quick injury update, hosts Anthony Sellers and Gary Wolfe delve into their top plays of the week for each position, potential sleepers and potential busEpisode 10 of the Fantasy Football Bosses arrives with trash talk showing up early and often. ", "After a quick injury update, hosts Anthony Sellers and Gary Wolfe delve into their top plays of the week for each position, potential sleepers and potential busts for the week. ", "They also give their ultimate statline, and Gary (justifiably) boasts about his projection from last week (episode 9). ", "As is custom of every episode, the two end with their trash talk segment, where Gary gives one member of their season long league a new nickname, and Anthony calls out a fellow Browns fan. ", "Be sure to check back next week! ", "You can find every episode of the Fantasy Football Bosses Podcast on Itunes and hyphenpodcastgroup.wordpress.com as well as interact with them on Twitter @FFBBosses. ", "Intro and Outro music produced by Feelo Records.", "Gary Wolfe & Anthony Sellers110yes38:54783Fantasy Football Bosses – Episode 9: The Wind Beneath My Wingshttp://hyphenpodcastgroup.com/episode-9-the-wind-beneath-my-wings/\nhttp://hyphenpodcastgroup.com/episode-9-the-wind-beneath-my-wings/#respondFri, 20 Oct 2017 03:31:00 +0000http://hyphenpodcastgroup.com/episode-9-the-wind-beneath-my-wings/The Fantasy Football Bosses return for Week 7 of the NFL to bring you all the top plays, sleeper picks and potential busts of the week. ", "After an awkward intro, where Anthony learns he is the wind beneath Gary’s wings, the two get into their regularly scheduled program.", "\n\nOn top of giving their top plays, sleepers, busts, the two also tell you whether they think Carson Wentz, Mark Ingram, Julio Jones, David NJoku and Evan Engram eclipse certain stats, as well as giving their ultimate statline projection for the week, the segment that has quickly risen to be Anthony’s favorite part of the show.", "\n\nAs is custom of every episode of fantasy football bosses, the two end with the trash talk segment where they both agree that a couple players should step up their trash talk game!", "\n\n]]>http://hyphenpodcastgroup.com/episode-9-the-wind-beneath-my-wings/feed/0The Fantasy Football Bosses return for Week 7 of the NFL to bring you all the top plays, sleeper picks and potential busts of the week. ", "After an awkward intro, where Anthony learns he is the wind beneath Gary's wings, the two get into their regularly schThe Fantasy Football Bosses return for Week 7 of the NFL to bring you all the top plays, sleeper picks and potential busts of the week. ", "After an awkward intro, where Anthony learns he is the wind beneath Gary's wings, the two get into their regularly scheduled program. ", "On top of giving their top plays, sleepers, busts, the two also tell you whether they think Carson Wentz, Mark Ingram, Julio Jones, David NJoku and Evan Engram eclipse certain stats, as well as giving their ultimate statline projection for the week, the segment that has quickly risen to be Anthony's favorite part of the show. ", "As is custom of every episode of fantasy football bosses, the two end with the trash talk segment where they both agree that a couple players should step up their trash talk game! ", "You can find Fantasy Football Bosses on ITunes and Youtube as well as Hyphenpodcastgroup.wordpress.com. ", "You can also reach out to the fantasy football bosses podcast on twitter @FFBBosses. ", "You can out Anthony's other show, \"Browns In Our Blood\" with Eric Jordan on Youtube, and can listen in podcast form on all podcast platforms. ", "Be sure to check back next week. ", "Intro and outro music produced by Feelo Records.", "Gary Wolfe & Anthony Sellers19yes35:03784Fantasy Football Bosses – Episode 8: Being Houston Strong (Guests: Lane Lemon & Kelen Conley)http://hyphenpodcastgroup.com/episode-8-being-houston-strong-guests-lane-lemon-kelen-conley/\nhttp://hyphenpodcastgroup.com/episode-8-being-houston-strong-guests-lane-lemon-kelen-conley/#respondThu, 12 Oct 2017 05:11:00 +0000http://hyphenpodcastgroup.com/episode-8-being-houston-strong-guests-lane-lemon-kelen-conley/Gary Wolfe and Anthony Sellers are joined on their Fantasy Football Bosses podcast this week by the Hosts of “The Lemon and the Fro” Podcast, Kelen “B Hyphen” Conley and Lane Lemon.", "\n\nAs with every episode, the group give out their top DFS plays for the week, where Anthony is forced to defend his Cleveland Browns against an the constant onslaught of Gary, Kelen and Lane consistently pick Houston Texans to be top plays, until he finally joins in on one pick at the end as well as potential sleeper picks. ", "They also talk about potential busts for the week and give their top stack combinations for DFS.", "\n\nGary and Anthony review their picks from last week, and then the group tells what they think of players such as Deshaun Watson, Matt Ryan, Jarvis Landry and Eli Manning going over and under on certain categories. ", "The group also gives their ultimate stat line projection for the week.", "\n\nAs is custom of every episode, the show ends with a segment dedicated to trash talk, where Gary takes over the microphone to finally address their good friend Eric. ", "Gary may have also professed a man crush on guest Lane.", "\n\n]]>http://hyphenpodcastgroup.com/episode-8-being-houston-strong-guests-lane-lemon-kelen-conley/feed/0Gary Wolfe and Anthony Sellers are joined on their Fantasy Football Bosses podcast this week by the Hosts of “The Lemon and the Fro” Podcast, Kelen “B Hyphen” Conley and Lane Lemon. ", "As with every episode, the group give out their top DFS plays for the weGary Wolfe and Anthony Sellers are joined on their Fantasy Football Bosses podcast this week by the Hosts of “The Lemon and the Fro” Podcast, Kelen “B Hyphen” Conley and Lane Lemon. ", "As with every episode, the group give out their top DFS plays for the week, where Anthony is forced to defend his Cleveland Browns against an the constant onslaught of Gary, Kelen and Lane consistently pick Houston Texans to be top plays, until he finally joins in on one pick at the end as well as potential sleeper picks. ", "They also talk about potential busts for the week and give their top stack combinations for DFS. ", "Gary and Anthony review their picks from last week, and then the group tells what they think of players such as Deshaun Watson, Matt Ryan, Jarvis Landry and Eli Manning going over and under on certain categories. ", "The group also gives their ultimate stat line projection for the week. ", "As is custom of every episode, the show ends with a segment dedicated to trash talk, where Gary takes over the microphone to finally address their good friend Eric. ", "Gary may have also professed a man crush on guest Lane. ", "The fantasy football bosses podcast can be also be found on ITunes, and hyphenpodcastgroup.wordpress.com, along with The Lemon and the Fro podcast. ", "Be sure to check back next week. ", "Intro and outro music produced by Feelo RecordsGary Wolfe & Anthony Sellers18yes48:51785Fantasy Football Bosses – Episode 7: All Is Right In The Fantasy Football Realmshttp://hyphenpodcastgroup.com/episode-7-all-is-right-in-the-fantasy-football-realms/\nhttp://hyphenpodcastgroup.com/episode-7-all-is-right-in-the-fantasy-football-realms/#respondThu, 05 Oct 2017 04:39:00 +0000http://hyphenpodcastgroup.com/episode-7-all-is-right-in-the-fantasy-football-realms/Hosts Anthony Sellers and Gary Wolfe are back for the seventh installment of Fantasy Football Bosses. ", "They give a quick recap of Week 4, where they proclaim the fantasy football worlds have been re-calibrated, placing all things back to normal in the world. ", "The two also update their rookie watch to add DeShaun Watson and Mitchell Trubisky.", "\n\nThey then look to week 5, giving you their Top Plays for each position, sleeper picks and potential busts of the week, as well as their top QB/WR Stacks for the week. ", "They also give their over/under predictions and introduce a new segment, the ultimate stat projection.", "\n\n]]>http://hyphenpodcastgroup.com/episode-7-all-is-right-in-the-fantasy-football-realms/feed/0Hosts Anthony Sellers and Gary Wolfe are back for the seventh installment of Fantasy Football Bosses. ", "They give a quick recap of Week 4, where they proclaim the fantasy football worlds have been re-calibrated, placing all things back to normal in the worHosts Anthony Sellers and Gary Wolfe are back for the seventh installment of Fantasy Football Bosses. ", "They give a quick recap of Week 4, where they proclaim the fantasy football worlds have been re-calibrated, placing all things back to normal in the world. ", "The two also update their rookie watch to add DeShaun Watson and Mitchell Trubisky. ", "They then look to week 5, giving you their Top Plays for each position, sleeper picks and potential busts of the week, as well as their top QB/WR Stacks for the week. ", "They also give their over/under predictions and introduce a new segment, the ultimate stat projection. ", "As always they end with some trash talk, Give a listen, and be sure to check back next week for all your fantasy football needs. ", "Intro and Outro Music Produced by FeeloGary Wolfe & Anthony Sellers17yes35:20786Fantasy Football Bosses – Episode 6: Week Of Redemptionhttp://hyphenpodcastgroup.com/episode-6-week-of-redemption/\nhttp://hyphenpodcastgroup.com/episode-6-week-of-redemption/#respondFri, 29 Sep 2017 03:10:00 +0000http://hyphenpodcastgroup.com/episode-6-week-of-redemption/The Fantasy Football Bosses return, and although a little somber from a lackluster week 3, Anthony Sellers and Gary Wolfe look for redemption in week 4.", "\n\nThe two give a quick recap of what got them down from last week, then jump back into their regularly scheduled podcast, telling you their top plays for this week, sleeper of the week, potential busts of the week and their top DFS QB/WR stacks.", "\n\n]]>http://hyphenpodcastgroup.com/episode-6-week-of-redemption/feed/0The Fantasy Football Bosses return, and although a little somber from a lackluster week 3, Anthony Sellers and Gary Wolfe look for redemption in week 4. ", "The two give a quick recap of what got them down from last week, then jump back into their regularlyThe Fantasy Football Bosses return, and although a little somber from a lackluster week 3, Anthony Sellers and Gary Wolfe look for redemption in week 4. ", "The two give a quick recap of what got them down from last week, then jump back into their regularly scheduled podcast, telling you their top plays for this week, sleeper of the week, potential busts of the week and their top DFS QB/WR stacks. ", "Check back next week after redemption has been found. ", "Want to interact with the Fantasy Football Bosses? ", "You can reach them on twitter at the following handles: Anthony Sellers: @wvtreys3 Gary Wolfe: @wolfe1020 Fantasy Football Bosses : @FFBBossesGary Wolfe & Anthony Sellers16yes33:01787Fantasy Football Bosses – Episode 5: Kareem Hunt Is The Real Dealhttp://hyphenpodcastgroup.com/episode-5-kareem-hunt-is-the-real-deal/\nhttp://hyphenpodcastgroup.com/episode-5-kareem-hunt-is-the-real-deal/#respondFri, 22 Sep 2017 02:54:00 +0000http://hyphenpodcastgroup.com/episode-5-kareem-hunt-is-the-real-deal/Week 3 of the NFL, and episode 5 of Fantasy Football Bosses. ", "Hosts Anthony Sellers and Gary Wolfe add to their rookie watch list, where Chiefs rookie running back Kareem Hunt is deemed the real deal!", "\n\nAfter the rookie talk, the regularly scheduled DFS top plays, sleeper picks and potential busts of the weeks are discussed, as well as their top DFS stack combinations. ", "They then go through their thoughts on Antonio Brown, Matt Ryan, Tom Brady and Keenan Allen in their over/under segment.", "\n\nIf you would like to compete against them in fanduel, you can join Anthony’s fanduel league for his Browns in Our Blood show at the following link: www.fanduel.com/leagues/183816/in…y=wvstrey3&cnl=l\n\n]]>http://hyphenpodcastgroup.com/episode-5-kareem-hunt-is-the-real-deal/feed/0Week 3 of the NFL, and episode 5 of Fantasy Football Bosses. ", "Hosts Anthony Sellers and Gary Wolfe add to their rookie watch list, where Chiefs rookie running back Kareem Hunt is deemed the real deal! ", "After the rookie talk, the regularly scheduled DFS topWeek 3 of the NFL, and episode 5 of Fantasy Football Bosses. ", "Hosts Anthony Sellers and Gary Wolfe add to their rookie watch list, where Chiefs rookie running back Kareem Hunt is deemed the real deal! ", "After the rookie talk, the regularly scheduled DFS top plays, sleeper picks and potential busts of the weeks are discussed, as well as their top DFS stack combinations. ", "They then go through their thoughts on Antonio Brown, Matt Ryan, Tom Brady and Keenan Allen in their over/under segment. ", "As always, the two end with the essential trash talk, and crown this week's Trash Talk Artist of the Week in their Gridiron Conglomerate league. ", "If you would like to compete against them in fanduel, you can join Anthony's fanduel league for his Browns in Our Blood show at the following link: www.fanduel.com/leagues/183816/in…y=wvstrey3&cnl=laGary Wolfe & Anthony Sellers15yes31:58788Fantasy Football Bosses – Episode 4: What Will Week 2 Bring?http://hyphenpodcastgroup.com/episode-4-what-will-week-2-bring/\nhttp://hyphenpodcastgroup.com/episode-4-what-will-week-2-bring/#respondFri, 15 Sep 2017 01:28:00 +0000http://hyphenpodcastgroup.com/episode-4-what-will-week-2-bring/After the NFL’s opening week, injuries filled the up the slate. ", "Hosts Anthony and Gary review a few of last week’s injuries and what that may mean moving forward.", "\n\nThey also give out their top plays, potential sleeper picks and possible busts for the week and also play the over under game again. ", "The show wraps up with Anthony going down memory lane with another text to his opening week opponent from a previous season.", "\n\n]]>http://hyphenpodcastgroup.com/episode-4-what-will-week-2-bring/feed/0After the NFL's opening week, injuries filled the up the slate. ", "Hosts Anthony and Gary review a few of last week's injuries and what that may mean moving forward. ", "They also give out their top plays, potential sleeper picks and possible busts for the weekAfter the NFL's opening week, injuries filled the up the slate. ", "Hosts Anthony and Gary review a few of last week's injuries and what that may mean moving forward. ", "They also give out their top plays, potential sleeper picks and possible busts for the week and also play the over under game again. ", "The show wraps up with Anthony going down memory lane with another text to his opening week opponent from a previous season. ", "Be sure to listen and check back next week!Gary Wolfe & Anthony Sellers14yes30:55789Fantasy Football Bosses – Episode 3: Week 1 Is Here (Guest: Kelen Conley)http://hyphenpodcastgroup.com/episode-3-week-1-is-here-guest-kelen-conley/\nhttp://hyphenpodcastgroup.com/episode-3-week-1-is-here-guest-kelen-conley/#respondThu, 07 Sep 2017 16:50:00 +0000http://hyphenpodcastgroup.com/episode-3-week-1-is-here-guest-kelen-conley/Hosts Gary Wolfe and Anthony Sellers kick off the regular season with their first guest on the Fantasy Football Bosses podcast, Kelen “B Hyphen” Conley.", "\n\nFor 60 minutes, the three give their thoughts on top DFS plays this week for each position. ", "They also discuss their top sleeper plays this week as well as potential bust candidates.", "\n\n]]>http://hyphenpodcastgroup.com/episode-3-week-1-is-here-guest-kelen-conley/feed/0Hosts Gary Wolfe and Anthony Sellers kick off the regular season with their first guest on the Fantasy Football Bosses podcast, Kelen \"B Hyphen\" Conley. ", "For 60 minutes, the three give their thoughts on top DFS plays this week for each position. ", "They alsoHosts Gary Wolfe and Anthony Sellers kick off the regular season with their first guest on the Fantasy Football Bosses podcast, Kelen \"B Hyphen\" Conley. ", "For 60 minutes, the three give their thoughts on top DFS plays this week for each position. ", "They also discuss their top sleeper plays this week as well as potential bust candidates. ", "While throwing mini verbal jabs throughout the episode, the three also roll out a new over/under segment. ", "Then they all evaluate rosters for another league that Gary and Anthony are a part of, and end the episode with trash talk artist demonstrations and responses. ", "Be sure to check back next week!!Gary Wolfe & Anthony Sellers13yes1:02:46790Fantasy Football Bosses – Episode 2: Rivalries Forminghttp://hyphenpodcastgroup.com/episode-2-rivalries-forming/\nhttp://hyphenpodcastgroup.com/episode-2-rivalries-forming/#respondFri, 01 Sep 2017 02:03:00 +0000http://hyphenpodcastgroup.com/episode-2-rivalries-forming/In the second episode of Fantasy Football Bosses, Gary Wolfe and Anthony Sellers return to give tell everyone how they fared in their Gridiron Conglomerate draft, talking about their own rosters, as well as giving their thoughts on who had the worst drafts in the league (Hint: it was neither of them!)", "\n\nThey also talk about the affects of the injuries to Julian Edelman, Cameron Meredith and Spencer Ware will have and who would potentially step up in their place. ", "Anthony goes down memory lane in the trash talk segment as he enlightens everyone on his 2-page text that he sent to Gary three years ago, in Gary’s rookie season of fantasy football, and Gary responds to being called out by not one, but two people in various leagues. ", "Are rivalries already forming in the leagues? ", "One word…YES!!", "\n\n]]>http://hyphenpodcastgroup.com/episode-2-rivalries-forming/feed/0In the second episode of Fantasy Football Bosses, Gary Wolfe and Anthony Sellers return to give tell everyone how they fared in their Gridiron Conglomerate draft, talking about their own rosters, as well as giving their thoughts on who had the worst drafIn the second episode of Fantasy Football Bosses, Gary Wolfe and Anthony Sellers return to give tell everyone how they fared in their Gridiron Conglomerate draft, talking about their own rosters, as well as giving their thoughts on who had the worst drafts in the league (Hint: it was neither of them!) ", "They also talk about the affects of the injuries to Julian Edelman, Cameron Meredith and Spencer Ware will have and who would potentially step up in their place. ", "Anthony goes down memory lane in the trash talk segment as he enlightens everyone on his 2-page text that he sent to Gary three years ago, in Gary's rookie season of fantasy football, and Gary responds to being called out by not one, but two people in various leagues. ", "Are rivalries already forming in the leagues? ", "One word...YES!! ", "Listen and be sure to check back next week!Gary Wolfe & Anthony Sellers12yes25:14791Fantasy Football Bosses – Episode 1: Introduction Of The Fantasy Football Bosseshttp://hyphenpodcastgroup.com/episode-1-introduction-of-the-fantasy-football-bosses/\nhttp://hyphenpodcastgroup.com/episode-1-introduction-of-the-fantasy-football-bosses/#respondFri, 25 Aug 2017 04:01:00 +0000http://hyphenpodcastgroup.com/episode-1-introduction-of-the-fantasy-football-bosses/With football season fast approaching, a new podcast has decided to pop up! ", "Anthony Sellers and Gary Wolfe hit the media waves to give you their thoughts about fantasy football.", "\n\nAfter a brief introduction of how each started on their journey, they tell who their top rookie will be for each position. ", "They follow that with their top pet peeves that ALWAYS HAPPENS during fantasy football drafts and then give their expertise on the art of trash talking in fantasy football.", "\n\nAfter giving an impromptu topic about Kelvin Benjamin, each give their predictions for this upcoming season’s ultimate fantasy football player.", "\n\n]]>http://hyphenpodcastgroup.com/episode-1-introduction-of-the-fantasy-football-bosses/feed/0With football season fast approaching, a new podcast has decided to pop up! ", "Anthony Sellers and Gary Wolfe hit the media waves to give you their thoughts about fantasy football. ", "After a brief introduction of how each started on their journey, they tell wWith football season fast approaching, a new podcast has decided to pop up! ", "Anthony Sellers and Gary Wolfe hit the media waves to give you their thoughts about fantasy football. ", "After a brief introduction of how each started on their journey, they tell who their top rookie will be for each position. ", "They follow that with their top pet peeves that ALWAYS HAPPENS during fantasy football drafts and then give their expertise on the art of trash talking in fantasy football. ", "After giving an impromptu topic about Kelvin Benjamin, each give their predictions for this upcoming season's ultimate fantasy football player. ", "Check them out, give them a listen, and check back next week!Gary Wolfe & Anthony Sellers11yes27:26792" ]

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[ "INTRODUCTION\n============\n\nInflammation is natural immune reaction of the body that results from an infection, injury, or illness. ", "Inflammation has been shown to be one of the causes of coronary artery disease [@B002] and arthritis. ", "Nitric oxide has many functions in the body as a vasodilator and neurotransmitter [@B006], and is an important biomarker of the inflammatory response [@B003]. ", "Also, phospholipase A~2~, the enzyme that cleaves membrane phospholipids, was found to be increased through inflammation and in the presence of various inflammatory diseases [@B008]. ", "The medicinal and nutritional uses of honeybee and other hive products including honeybee larva, are well known [@B005]. ", "Bumblebees (e.g. *B. igitus*, *B. terrestris* and *B. h. sapporoensis*) are mass-produced worldwide for use as pollinators. ", "We endeavored to make a safe and effective bumblebee alcohol extracts, and tested its anti-inflammation activity by determining NO production in endothelial cells and phospholipase A~2~ activity, furthermore, various bumblebee extracts were applied to the animal inflammation model-paw edema experiment.", "\n\nMATERIALS AND METHODS\n=====================\n\n***Materials.*** ", "The dried larvae (500 g) of *B. ignitus* (BIL) were soaked and extracted three times with ethanol by ultrasonification for 30 min. ", "The extracts obtained were dried using a rotary evaporation and were freeze-dried as an alcohol extracts of *B. ignitus*. ", "Also, *B. ignitus* pupae (BIP), clony shell of *B. ignitus* (BIC), clony of *B. h. sapporoensis* (BHSPL), BTQ (Queen of *B. terrestris*), and Queen of *B. ignitus* (BIQ) were soaked and extracted according to the method above, respectively. ", "The extracts were obtained using a rotary evaporation and were freeze-dried as alcohol extracts of each bumblebee products.", "\n\n***Test preparation of bumblebee product extracts.*** ", "Dried alcohol extracts of bumblebee product were homogenized in a blender to a powder, stored at 4℃, dissolved in phosphate buffered saline from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA), and were then orally administered to SD rats at doses of 10 mg/kg daily, over 8 days.", "\n\n***Analysis of mineral content and amino acid composition.*** ", "Mineral contents were analyzed by atomic absorption spectroscopy and phosphorus contents were determined by colorimetric method, which utilizes ammonium molybdate, hydroquinone, and sodium sulfate [@B004]. ", "Amino acid compositional analysis was carried out by derivatization of the first N-terminal amino acids with phenylisothiocyanate (PITC) followed by RP-HPLC [@B009].", "\n\n***Animals.*** ", "Specific pathogen free SD rats (6 weeks old, weighing 204.6 ± 2.1 g, male), purchased from Samtako Co. Ltd. (Osan, Korea), were housed in an environmentallycontrolled room with 23 ± 1℃, relative humidity of 55 ± 10%, air ventilation of 10\\~18 air changes/hr, a 12-hr light/ dark cycle of 150\\~300 lux, and feed and water were available *ad libitum*. ", "Rats were kept for one week under normal conditions above and were fed with a standard diet (Samtako Co. Ltd., Osan, Korea), before repeated-dose anti-inflammatory study testing began.", "\n\n***Anti-inflammatory rat experiment.*** ", "Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA, Sigma Co., USA) was used to induce rat paw edema at 1^st^ day (pre-treatment) except control group in a chronic arthritis experimental model, and the antiedema effect of individual solvent extracts (post-treatment) was compared.", "\n\nRats were divided into 9 groups (n = 7 per group): control group, CFA (100 mM) only treated group (negative control), indomethacin (5 mg/kg at 1^st^ day, 1 mg/kg at 2\\~8^th^ day) as a positive control, sample groups \\[bumblebee ethanol extracts (each ethanol extract of BIL, BIP, BIC, BHSPL, BTQ, and BIQ)\\] daily treated intraperitoneal, over 8 days. ", "Paw size was measured 1, 3, 5 hr and thereafter every day for 14 days using a digital caliper (digimatic, Mitutoyo, Co., Japan).", "\n\n###### \n\nYield and chemical composition of various bumblebee extracts used in this study\n\n ---------------------------- ------- ------- ------- ------- --------\n Sample BIC BHSPL BTQ BIQ\n \n Yield (%) 3.8 17.6 2.4 7.5\n Fat (%) 14.19 4.05 4.80 14.19\n Preotein (%) 12.61 10.78 17.23 35.13\n Ash (%) 2.37 2.45 5.63 7.05\n Ca (%) 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.05\n P (%) 0.42 0.42 1.37 1.65\n K (%) 0.65 0.65 1.60 2.15\n Na (%) 0.1 0.1 0.16 0.24\n Mg (%) 0.05 0.05 0.03 0.04\n Fe (ppm) 31.40 31.40 88.88 171.17\n Mn (ppm) 2.19 2.19 2.98 8.87\n Zn (ppm) 33.20 33.20 51.34 53.31\n Cu (ppm) 9.35 9.35 12.30 28.07\n Amino acid composition (%) Cys 0.094 0.063 0.094 0.120\n Met 0.032 0.098 0.232 0.427 \n Asp 0.273 0.339 0329 1.523 \n Thr 0.123 0.207 0.230 0.868 \n Ser 0.155 0.226 0.247 0.761 \n Glu 0.478 0.960 1.469 3.479 \n Gly 0.261 0.378 0.451 1.335 \n Ala 0.195 0.387 0.704 1.456 \n Val 0.189 0.360 0.316 1.045 \n Ile 0.114 0.221 0.250 0.935 \n Leu 0.198 0.383 0.414 1.690 \n Tyr 0.055 0.211 0.064 0.359 \n Phe 0.069 0.177 0.137 0.616 \n Lys 0.103 0.213 0.380 1.505 \n His 0.052 0.143 0.161 0.317 \n Arg 0.058 0.141 0.408 0.726 \n Pro 0.629 0.900 0.562 1.422 \n ---------------------------- ------- ------- ------- ------- --------\n\nBIC: clony shell of *B. ignitus* extract, BHSPL: clony of *B. h. sapporoensis* extract, BIQ: Queen of *B. ignitus* extract, BTQ: Queen of *B. terrestris* extract.", "\n\nSeven male rats in each group were weighed and were administered with bumblebee alcohol extracts at a dose of 10 mg/kg or its vehicle a consecutive dose, over a 8 days. ", "The test parameters were paw edema, cytokine interlukin 6 production level, secretory phospholipase A~2~ activity and histopathological findings of dorsal root ganglias, articular cartilage and bone of paw edema rats.", "\n\n***Nitrite assay.*** ", "The production of NO was measured as the nitrites that accumulated in the culture medium after colorimetric reaction with Griess reagent according to the manufacturer's manual (Cayman Chemicals, Ann Arbor, MI, USA). ", "In brief, samples (200 mg/ml, 20 μl, dilution factor 10) were collected 24 hr after treatment with cultured bovine vascular endothelial (CPAE) cells.", "\n\nThe absorbance at 540 nm was measured with a VERSAmax microplate reader (Molecular Devices, Menlo Park, CA, USA). ", "The cytotoxicities of the purified fractions were tested against the CPAE cell line using XTT {sodium 3\\'-\\[1-(phenylamino-carbonyl)-3,4-tetrazolium\\]-bis(4-methoxy-6- nitro) benzene sulfonic acid hydrate} kit solution (Boehringer Mannheim), as described previously [@B001].", "\n\n{#F001}\n\n***Secretory phospholipase A~2~ measurements in CPAE cells.*** ", "Phospholipase A~2~ cleaves membrane phospholipids to release arachidonic acid, and is the precursor to a large family of pro-inflammatory eicosanoids [@B007]. ", "The secretory phospholipase A~2~ (sPLA~2~) levels in these 24 hrincubated bumblebee extracts were measured by ELISA using a sPLA~2~ assay kit purchased from Cayman Chemicals (Ann Arbor, MI, USA).", "\n\n{#F002}\n\n###### \n\nHistopathological finding of the LV dorsal root ganglion (DRG) including articular cartilage treated various bumblebee extracts (10mg/kg) on 14^th^ day\n\n ------- -------------------- ---------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------\n Group Pathologic finding \n \n 1 Con \n 2 CFA Induced injury without treatment Destruction with erosion of articular cartilage\n 3 BIL Induced injury with treatment Repair, incomplete with residual damaged area\n 4 BIP Induced injury with treatment Repair, incomplete with residual damaged area\n 5 BIQ Induced injury with treatment Repair\n 6 BTQ Induced injury with treatment Repair, incomplete with residual damaged area\n 7 IND Induced injury with treatment Repair, incomplete with residual damaged area\n 8 BHSPL Induced injury with treatment Repair, incomplete with residual damaged area\n 9 BIC Induced injury with treatment Repair, incomplete with residual damaged area\n ------- -------------------- ---------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------\n\n*B. ignitus* pupae extract (BIP), clony shell of *B. ignitus* extract (BIC), clony of *B. h. sapporoensis* extract (BHSPL), Queen of *B. terrestris* extract (BTQ), and Queen of *B. ignitus* extract (BIQ).", "\n\n***Histopathology.*** ", "The lumbar V (LV) dorsal root ganglion, including articular cartilage and near leg bones, were dissected from the rats and were fixed in phosphate-buffered formalin. ", "The spinal cords of the rats, including the bone and articular cartilage, were also excised and fixed. ", "After paraffin embedding, they were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and were analyzed with microscopy.", "\n\n***Statistical analysis.*** ", "Mean and standard errors of all parameters were determined for each of the 8 rats. ", "The Student's *t*-test was used to establish the significances of differences between the control and treatment groups. *", "p* \\< 0.05 was considered statistically significant.", "\n\n###### \n\nHistopathologic finding of the spinal cord, including articular cartilage and bones, treated with various bumblebee extracts in CFA-induced arthritis rat model on 14^th^ day\n\n ------------------ --------------------------------- -------------------------------------------- -----------------------------------------------\n Group Pathologic finding \n \n 1\\. Control Normal\n 2\\. CFA Control Induced injury without treatment Repair incomplete with residual damaged area\n Control Opposite site without treatment Partial destruction of articular cartilage \n 3\\. BIL Treat Induced injury with treatment Repair\n Control Opposite site without treatment Partial destruction of articular cartilage \n 4\\. BIP Treat Induced injury with treatment Repair, incomplete with residual damaged area\n Control Opposite site without treatment Mildly damaged articular cartilage, focal \n 5\\. BIQ Treat Induced injury with treatment Repair, incomplete with residual damaged area\n Control Opposite site without treatment Mildly damaged articular cartilage, focal \n 6\\. BTQ Treat Induced injury with treatment Repair\n Control Opposite site without treatment No significant alteration \n 7\\. Indomethacin Treat Induced injury with treatment Repair\n Control Opposite site without treatment Destruction of articular cartilage \n 8\\. BHSPL Treat Induced injury with treatment Repair, incomplete with residual damaged area\n Control Opposite site without treatment Partial destruction of articular cartilage \n 9\\. BIC Treat Induced injury with treatment Repair\n Control Opposite site without treatment Partial destruction of articular cartilage \n ------------------ --------------------------------- -------------------------------------------- -----------------------------------------------\n\n^\\*^Bumblebee ethanol extracts (10mg/kg), ^\\*^Treat: the paw portion with induction of inflammation and sample treatment, Control: the paw portion without induction of inflammation (opposite paw).", "\n\nRESULTS\n=======\n\n***Anti-inflammation.*** ", "We showed that bumblebee alcohol extracts have potential efficacies in treating inflammation in SD rats, as they significantly reduced paw edema levels as the following order: BIQ \\> BIC \\> BTQ \\> BIL, and repaired damaged dorsal root ganglias of CFA adjuvant arthritis.", "\n\nSix total alcohol extracts, of BIL, BIP, BIQ, BTQ, BHSPL and BIC, were treated to the peritoneum (10 mg/kg) of paw edema induced rats, and the effect of individual extracts was in the following order: BIQ \\> BIC \\> BTQ \\> BIL ([Fig. ", "1](#F001){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "The mean changes in paw edema size (mm) from 1 hr to 14 days for each group were as follows: control (7.54 ± 0.21), CFA (9.86 ± 0.23), BIL (9.11 ± 0.18), BIP (8.81 ± 0.091), BIQ (8.53 ± 0.43), BTQ (8.87 ± 0.13), IND (8.19 ± 0.70), BHSPL (7.96 ± 0.67), BIC (7.95 ± 0.67).", "\n\n***Articular cartilage destruction repair by bumblebee extracts.*** ", "In the histopathological analysis, bumblebee extracts treatment repaired the LV dorsal root ganglion linked to the edematous paw, including the articular cartilage, against CFA induced cartilage destruction, respectively. ", "This was in contrast to the effects observed in the CFA treated group, where the articular cartilage was destroyed by erosion ([Fig. ", "2](#F002){ref-type=\"fig\"} and [Table 2](#T002){ref-type=\"table\"}). ", "In the histopathological finding of pathological spinal cord, the bumblebee extract groups, especially BIQ (Queen of *B. igntitus*) extract group, showed anti-edema effects compared to the CFA only treated group ([Table 3](#T003){ref-type=\"table\"}).", "\n\n***Pro-inflammatory cytokines (secretory PLA~2~ and NO).*** ", "Furthermore, these extracts also had multiple actions such as remarkable NO production in endothelial cells related to vasorelaxation and secretory phospholipase A~2~ activity ([Fig. ", "4](#F004){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "The productions of nitric oxide in the treated groups were also inhibited according to vasorelaxation of blood vessel in the alcohol extract of BTQ, BIC, BIL and BIQ ([Fig. ", "3](#F003){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "There was also no cytotoxicity observed for the bumblebee extracts in XTT assay (data not shown).", "\n\n{#F003}\n\n{#F004}\n\nDISCUSSION\n==========\n\nIn order to identify the best bumblebee extracts for the control of inflammation reaction, we made alcohol extracts of the larva, pupa, queen and cocoon of *B. ignitus* and *B. terrestris*, and *B. h. sapporoensis*, and tested their medicinal activities. ", "The anti-inflammatory activity of Hymenoptera, bumblebee alcohol extract was examined by using adjuvant- induced edema and arthritis in rats. ", "In the previous report, *B. ignitus* alcohol extracts did not show acute toxicity at 0.04, 0.2, 1 or 5 g/kg [@B001]. ", "Each alcohol extract from *B. ignites* queens, *B. terrestris* queens and *B. ignites* cocoons, decreased the hind paw edema after 1 day of *ip* administeration. ", "Also, the extracts contributed to vasorelaxation on NO production increases in CPAE cells. ", "These results suggest that bumbleebee alcohol extract has potential as a crude ant-inflammatory drug and vasorelaxation agent. ", "As commercial bee venom, the secretary phospholipase A~2~ levels of queen of *B. ignitus* extract was higher than those of other bumblebee extracts, and had antiinflammatory activity and articular cartilage destruction repair, this is deemed to be the most effective agent for this purpose.", "\n\nThis work was supported by the Rural Development Administration, Basic research project no. ", "Pj006642 (2009- 2012).", "\n" ]

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[ "One of America's most respected and influential nutritionists—the author of seven books on food and nutrition, a contributing editor to Woman's Day magazine, the official nutritionist to the New York City Ballet and American Ballet Theatre, and the on-air nutrition expert for NBC's Today show—Joy Bauer here updates her 2007 guide to eating for health and longevity. ", "She explains exactly what to eat to lower cholesterol and blood pressure, improve skin tone, sharpen memory, sleep better, and manage symptoms of PMS, arthritis, and other health issues. ", "Each chapter focuses on a particular condition, as Bauer discusses particular foods to seek out and which ones to avoid, grocery lists, meal plans, recipes, and supplement recommendations." ]

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[ "Min Xu\n\nMin Xu (閔勗) (d. 886), courtesy name Gongjin (公謹), was a warlord late in the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty, who controlled a substantial part, as well as Tan Prefecture (in modern Changsha, Hunan), the capital of Hunan Circuit (湖南), first as its governor (觀察使, Guanchashi) and then as the military governor (Jiedushi), from 882 to 886. ", " He was assassinated in 886.", "\n\nBackground and takeover of Hunan region \nLittle is known about Min Xu's background, as neither of the official histories of Tang Dynasty (the Old Book of Tang and the New Book of Tang) contained a biography for him. ", " It is known that he was originally an officer from Jiangxi Circuit (江西, headquartered in modern Nanchang, Jiangxi), whose soldiers were stationed at neighboring Hunan Circuit as of 881. ", " Around the new year 882, when Min's assignment was apparently completed and he was set to return to Jiangxi with his soldiers, he went through Hunan's capital Tan Prefecture. ", " While there, he expelled Hunan's governor Li Yu (李裕) and seized power himself, claiming the title of acting governor.", "\n\nRule of Hunan and death \nAs of summer 882, the imperial government under then-reigning Emperor Xizong must have confirmed Min Xu's takeover, for he was referred to by that point as full governor. ", " After being made governor, he made numerous requests for the post to be upgraded to the more prestigious position of military governor, but the imperial government rejected the overture, believing that granting Min's request would lead to other circuits not yet at military governor status making the requests. ", " However, around the same time, the agrarian rebel leader Zhong Chuan, whom the imperial government had previously tried to enlist into the imperial camp by making him the prefect of Fu Prefecture (撫州, in modern Fuzhou, Jiangxi), had taken over Jiangxi's capital Hong Prefecture (洪州) and expelled Jiangxi's governor Gao Maoqing (高茂卿). ", " The imperial government wanted to put Min and Zhong into conflict with each other, and therefore upgraded Jiangxi to Zhennan Circuit (鎮南) as a military governor post and commissioned Min as the military governor of Zhennan, ordering him to return to Zhennan to expel Zhong. ", " Min, knowing the imperial government's intent, refused to launch his forces.", "\n\nIn fall 883, Emperor Xizong promoted Hunan to the military governor–level Qinhua Circuit and made Min its military governor.", "\n\nIn summer 886, Zhou Yue the prefect of Heng Prefecture (modern Hengyang in Hunan), formally a subordinate of Min's, attacked Tan Prefecture. ", " At that time, Huang Hao (黃皓), one of the generals under Qin Zongquan, who had claimed imperial title at Cai Prefecture (蔡州, in modern Zhumadian, Henan), was in the region. ", " Min, for reasons unclear to history, invited Huang into Tan Prefecture to assist in defending against Zhou's attack. ", " Once Huang entered Tan Prefecture, however, he killed Min and seized control. ", " Zhou, soon thereafter, captured Tan Prefecture and put Huang to death, taking over control of the circuit (which was then renamed Wu'an (武安)).", "\n\nNotes and references \n\nCategory:9th-century births\nCategory:886 deaths\nCategory:Tang dynasty jiedushi of Zhennan Circuit\nCategory:Tang dynasty jiedushi of Wu'an Circuit" ]

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[ "M/S Oasis of the Seas\n\nSteelpark\n\nSteelpark specialises in high-quality stainless steel facades, fabrication elements and equipment and machinery built for the industry's needs.", "\n\nSteelpark products include steel stairs and rails, elevator entrances, ready-to-install steel furniture, bathroom and cabin modules for cruise ships – stainless steel is used in its many forms as a furnishing element. ", "A Steelpark product can also be a machine or piece of equipment. ", "We also provide part- or system delivery when industries are re-fitting and modernising their production machinery." ]

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[ "\"Poor thing was so scared, and confused by 'Do you think you're beautiful?' ", "so she answered 'Uhhh...I guess...yeah...'.", "\n\n\"The staff member then said 'Well that's what YOU make of it'.\"", "\n\nMs Pryce says after finding out her daughter was from Thursday Island in the Torres Strait, the man asked her: \"What's two plus two?\"", "\n\n\"Four,\" she replied.", "\n\nThe manager then reportedly said: \"Yep, it's four in our country too.\"", "\n\n\"Sixteen and still no job?\" ", "he then said.", "\n\nThe girl was reduced to tears after she described herself as bubbly and the staff member told her that bubbly means she must \"make a lot of mistakes\".", "\n\n\"Bubbly? ", "Should I just stop you there and end this interview?\" ", "Ms Pryce says he asked.", "\n\nFollowing the interview a furious Ms Pryce visited the store repeatedly, in search of a response.", "\n\n\"When he did finally come to speak to me, I told him I would make a complaint. ", "I also asked how many Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people were employed at that store...considering it was in a highly populated area of our mob.", "\n\n\"This of course, was something he could not and did not answer.", "\n\n\"I also told him and 2 staff members over the phone, how my daughter feels sick in the stomach every time we drive past a big yellow M now." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nHow to use ふと correctly?", "\n\nI am struggling in understanding how to use ふと\nふと: suddenly, unexpectedly, unintentionally\nBased on the brief explanation on this post,\nふと is used to express something unimportant that you don't think about, happens while you are unaware of it and thus it becomes unexpected.", "\nThis is an example with verbs that are \"volitional\"\n\nその考えがふと思い浮かんだ That idea has crossed my mind unintentionally (it came to my mind without thinking about it)\nふと足を止めた。Suddenly, my feet stopped. (", "my feet stopped without thinking)\n\nThese are examples with verbs that are \"non-volitonal\"\n\nふと灯りが消える The lights suddenly turned off. (", "the lights turned off, I was unaware that it turned off)\n\nKeeping this in mind, I tried making my own sentences but I don't understand why these are unnatural when I asked a native speaker.", "\n\nふとくしゃみをした I suddenly sneezed.", "\n突然ゴキブリが現れてふと叫んだ。A cockroach suddenly appeared and I screamed unintentionally.", "\n\nWhy are these sentences unnatural, and is there an explanation of the logic behind what verbs can be used with ふと?", "\n\nA:\n\nMonolingual dictionaries define ふと along the lines of \"with no clear reason, indication or consciousness\". ", "The nuance of ふと is often closer to \"somehow\" rather than \"suddenly\". ", "Your ゴキブリ example is unnatural because the cause for the scream is clearly the cockroach. ", "You can say 思わず叫んだ instead.", "\nMost usages of ふと are related to \"subconscious\" functions of the mind of a subject (typically first-person), for example ふと思い出した, ふと気になった, ふと興味がわいた, ふと我に返った, ふと目が覚めた. And ふと立ち止まった, ふと立ち上がった, ふと振り返った and so on are also fine (usually with a third-person subject) and it indicates someone vaguely noticed something is happening. ", "However, くしゃみ is a physical reaction rather than an action of the mind, so it doesn't go well with ふと.\n\n" ]

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[ "Foreign Minister Avigdor Lieberman threatened on Friday that Israel will renounce past agreements, including the Oslo Accords, with the Palestinians if they continue their unilateral pursuit of statehood recognition from the United Nations in September.", "\n\nLieberman's statement came during a meeting in Jerusalem with European foreign affairs chief Catherine Ashton.", "\n\n\"The unilateral move at the UN is the end of the Oslo Accords and would be a violation of all agreements that we have signed until now,\" Lieberman said. \"", "Israel would not be obligated to the agreements that it has signed with the Palestinians over the past 18 years.\"", "\n\nLieberman added that there is zero chance that negotiations with the Palestinians will resume, due to the position of Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas.", "\n\n\"Abbas does not want an agreement, but rather confrontation with Israel,\" Lieberman said. \"", "This is his personal interest, even though it is contrary to Palestinian interests and many in the Palestinian Authority oppose him.\"", "\n\nLieberman said that Israel is ready to renew negotiations and that the ball is in the court of the Palestinians.", "\n\nAshton said that in light of the events of the Arab Spring and in the wake of U.S. President Barack Obama's Middle East policy speech \"it is more urgent than ever to engage in meaningful negotiations and move the peace process forward.\"", "\n\nShe said that a \"clear reference framework\" is needed to allow Israel and the Palestinians to return to peace talks.", "\n\nAshton will meet with Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu on Sunday." ]

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[ "version: 1.4.0.{build}\r\nimage: Visual Studio 2019\r\n\r\nconfiguration: Release\r\n\r\nplatform:\r\n- Win32\r\n- x64\r\n\r\nbranches:\r\n except:\r\n - l10n_master\r\n\r\nenvironment:\r\n PFX_ENC_PASS:\r\n secure: vl0ntw9DjQdAno9nYVe0osg2tBmXD7gW75NLfxIvxMDW3GiVlJlFcESf7v6f7qKe\r\n PFX_PASS:\r\n secure: rgMy2ixSiaW0sk2CwaHwO5pK8U98ynzt/jjiGNRSYPfaAcOTRZ5oX+fsgqn6qP54\r\n\r\ninit:\r\n- ps: >-\r\n if ($env:APPVEYOR_PULL_REQUEST_HEAD_REPO_BRANCH -eq 'l10n_master') {\r\n Write-Host 'Skipping l10n_master branch pull request'\r\n Exit-AppveyorBuild\r\n }\r\n\r\n# Decrypt the code signing certificate.", "\r\ninstall:\r\n- cmd: >-\r\n nuget install secure-file -ExcludeVersion\r\n\r\n SET PATH=C:\\Program Files (x86)\\HTML Help Workshop;%PATH%\r\n\r\n IF DEFINED PFX_ENC_PASS (secure-file\\tools\\secure-file -decrypt %APPVEYOR_BUILD_FOLDER%\\authenticode.pfx.enc -secret %PFX_ENC_PASS%)\r\n\r\nbefore_build:\r\n- ps: >-\r\n nuget restore Explorer++\\Explorer++.sln\r\n\r\n if (Test-Path env:APPVEYOR_REPO_TAG_NAME) {\r\n if ($env:APPVEYOR_REPO_TAG_NAME -match '-beta$') {\r\n $env:RELEASE_MODE = 'beta'\r\n } else {\r\n $env:RELEASE_MODE = 'stable'\r\n }\r\n }\r\n\r\nbuild:\r\n project: Explorer++\\Explorer++.sln\r\n verbosity: minimal\r\n\r\n# Sign and package the executable.", "\r\nafter_build:\r\n- cmd: >-\r\n cd %APPVEYOR_BUILD_FOLDER%\r\n\r\n\r\n IF \"%PLATFORM%\" == \"Win32\" (SET \"arch=x86\") ELSE (SET \"arch=x64\")\r\n\r\n\r\n SET \"archiveName=explorerpp_%arch%.zip\"\r\n\r\n\r\n CALL %APPVEYOR_BUILD_FOLDER%\\Scripts\\AppVeyor\\compile_help_file.bat\r\n\r\n\r\n 7z a %archiveName% %APPVEYOR_BUILD_FOLDER%\\Explorer++\\Explorer++\\%PLATFORM%\\%CONFIGURATION%\\Explorer++.exe\r\n\r\n 7z a %archiveName% %APPVEYOR_BUILD_FOLDER%\\Documentation\\User\\History.txt\r\n\r\n 7z a %archiveName% %APPVEYOR_BUILD_FOLDER%\\Documentation\\User\\License.txt\r\n\r\n 7z a %archiveName% %APPVEYOR_BUILD_FOLDER%\\Documentation\\User\\Readme.txt\r\n\r\n 7z a %archiveName% \"%APPVEYOR_BUILD_FOLDER%\\Documentation\\User\\Help Manual\\Explorer++ Help.chm\"\r\n\r\n\r\n 7z a explorerpp_%arch%_symbols.zip %APPVEYOR_BUILD_FOLDER%\\Explorer++\\Explorer++\\%PLATFORM%\\%CONFIGURATION%\\Explorer++.pdb\r\n\r\n\r\n copy \"%APPVEYOR_BUILD_FOLDER%\\Explorer++\\Installer\\bin\\%arch%\\%CONFIGURATION%\\Explorer++ Setup.msi\" \"Explorer++ Setup.msi\"\r\n\r\n\r\n 7z a explorerpp_translations.zip %APPVEYOR_BUILD_FOLDER%\\Explorer++\\Win32\\%CONFIGURATION%\\Explorer++*.dll\r\n\r\ntest_script:\r\n- ps: >-\r\n cd $env:APPVEYOR_BUILD_FOLDER\\Explorer++\\TestExplorer++\\$env:PLATFORM\\$env:CONFIGURATION\r\n\r\n\r\n # Run the tests.", "\r\n\r\n .\\TestExplorer++.exe --gtest_output=xml:TestExplorer++Output.xml\r\n\r\n\r\n # Upload results to AppVeyor.", "\r\n\r\n $wc = New-Object 'System.", "Net.", "WebClient'\r\n\r\n $wc.", "UploadFile(\"https://ci.appveyor.com/api/testresults/junit/$($env:APPVEYOR_JOB_ID)\", (Resolve-Path .\\TestExplorer++Output.xml))\r\n\r\nartifacts:\r\n- path: explorerpp_x86.zip\r\n- path: explorerpp_x86_symbols.zip\r\n- path: explorerpp_x64.zip\r\n- path: explorerpp_x64_symbols.zip\r\n- path: Explorer++ Setup.msi\r\n- path: explorerpp_translations.zip\r\n\r\nbefore_deploy:\r\n- ps: >-\r\n $versionComponents = $env:APPVEYOR_BUILD_VERSION -split '\\.'\r\n\r\n $versionComponents = $versionComponents[0, 1, 2]\r\n\r\n $releaseBuildVersion = $versionComponents -join '.'", "\r\n\r\n if ($env:APPVEYOR_REPO_TAG_NAME -match '-beta$') {\r\n $env:RELEASE_TITLE = \"Explorer++ $releaseBuildVersion beta\"\r\n $env:PRERELEASE = $true\r\n } else {\r\n $env:RELEASE_TITLE = \"Explorer++ $releaseBuildVersion\"\r\n $env:PRERELEASE = $false\r\n }\r\n\r\ndeploy:\r\n provider: GitHub\r\n auth_token:\r\n secure: iU7ijPhvPEwymBKhGsZBwD9aDO3yPWpAq8iS5vaQcs5YdLRgcICuLOEJZ9UZIh9l\r\n tag: $(APPVEYOR_REPO_TAG_NAME)\r\n release: $(RELEASE_TITLE)\r\n prerelease: $(PRERELEASE)\r\n description: ''\r\n artifact: /.*\\.zip/\r\n force_update: true\r\n draft: true\r\n on:\r\n APPVEYOR_REPO_TAG: true" ]

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[ "Normal urinary protein composition in the female Wistar rat and its relationship to the proteinuria induced by intraperitoneal bovine albumin.", "\n1. ", "Normal female Wistar rats showed a wide range of baseline protein excretion and albuminuria and could be divided into two distinct groups: (a) low-to-intermediate excretors, where daily baseline albumin excretion was below 1.8 mg/24 h and (b) high excretors, where daily baseline albumin excretion was 1.8-22 mg/24 h. 2. ", "In low-to-intermediate excretors \"sex-associated' by urinary specific proteins, supposedly present only in male rat urine, were excreted in larger quantities than albumin which constituted only 10-15% of the total urinary protein. ", "3. ", "In high excretors up to 50% of the urinary protein was albumin and other serum proteins were also present in relatively larger quantities than the urinary specific proteins. ", "4. ", "Baseline albumin excretion appeared to be a good indicator of the inherent efficiency of the glomerular filter and this was reflected in the response to intraperitoneal injection of heterologous serum albumin since, during periods where no significant glomerular epithelial cell foot-process loss had been incurred, the levels of proteinuria induced correlated well with baseline albuminuria." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "Q:\n\nCapturing STDOUT to then reconcile on the file names\n\nI've been struggling with this problem for a bit, I am trying to create a program that will create a datetime object based on the current date and time, create a second such object from our file data, find the difference between the two, and if it is greater than 10 minutes search for a \"handshake file\", which is a file we receive back when our file has successfully loaded. ", " If we don't find that file, I want to kick out an error email. ", " \nMy problem lies in being able to capture the result of my ls command in a meaningful way where I would be able to parse through it and see if the correct file exists. ", " Here is my code:\n\"\"\"\nThis module will check the handshake files sent by Pivot based on the following conventions:\n- First handshake file (loaded to the CFL, *auditv2*): Check every half-hour\n- Second handshake file (proofs are loaded and available, *handshake*): Check every 2 hours\n\"\"\"\nimport smtplib\nfrom email.mime.text import MIMEText\nfrom datetime import datetime, timedelta\nfrom csv import DictReader\nfrom subprocess import *\nfrom os import chdir\nfrom glob import glob\n\ndef main():\n audit_in = '/prod/bcs/lgnp/clientapp/csvbill/audit_process/lgnp.smr.csv0000.audit.qty'\n with open(audit_in, 'rbU') as audit_qty: \n my_audit_reader = DictReader(audit_qty, delimiter=';', restkey='ignored')\n my_audit_reader.fieldnames = (\"Property Code\",\n \"Pivot ID\", \n \"Inwork File\", \n \"Billing Manager E-mail\", \n \"Total Records\", \n \"Number of E-Bills\", \n \"Printed Records\", \n \"File Date\", \n \"Hour\", \n \"Minute\", \n \"Status\")\n\n # Get current time to reconcile against\n now = datetime.now()\n\n # Change internal directory to location of handshakes\n chdir('/prod/bcs/lgnp/input') \n\n for line in my_audit_reader:\n piv_id = line['Pivot ID']\n status = line['Status']\n file_date = datetime(int(line['File Date'][:4]),\n int(line['File Date'][4:6]),\n int(line['File Date'][6:8]),\n int(line['Hour']),\n int(line['Minute']))\n # print(file_date)\n if status == 's':\n diff = now - file_date\n print diff\n print piv_id\n if 10 < (diff.seconds / 60) < 30:\n proc = Popen('ls -lh *{0}*'.format(status),\n shell=True) # figure out how to get output\n\n print proc\n\ndef send_email(recipient_list):\n msg = MIMEText('Insert message here')\n msg['Subject'] = 'Alert!! ", "Handshake files missing!'", "\n msg['From'] = r'xxx@xxx.com'\n msg['To'] = recipient_list\n\n s = smtplib.", "SMTP(r'xxx.xxx.xxx')\n s.sendmail(msg['From'], msg['To'], msg.as_string())\n s.quit()\n\nif __name__ == '__main__':\n main()\n\nA:\n\nTo parse ls output is not the best solution here. ", "You can surely do that parsing subprocess.check_output result or in any other way, but let me give you an advice.", "\nIt is a good criterion of something going wrong if you find yourself parsing someone's output or logs to solve a standard problem, please consider other solutions, like offered below:\nIf the only thing you want is to see the contents of the directory use os.listdir like:\nmy_home_files = os.listdir(os.path.expanduser('~/my_dir')) # surely it's cross-platform\n\nnow you have a list of files in your my_home_files variable.", "\nYou can filter them in the way you want or use glob.glob to use metacharacters like that:\nglob.glob(\"/home/me/handshake-*.txt\") # will output everything matching the expression \n# (say you have ids in your filenames).", "\n\nAfter that you may want to check some stats of the file (like the date of last access etc.) ", "\nconsider using os.stat:\nos.stat(my_home_files[0]) # outputs stats of the first\n# posix.stat_result(st_mode=33104, st_ino=140378115, st_dev=3306L, st_nlink=1, st_uid=23449, st_gid=59216, st_size=1442, st_atime=1421834474, st_mtime=1441831745, st_ctime=1441234474)\n# see os.stat linked above to understand how to parse it\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

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[ "Article content continued\n\nSaw this @2017ottawa ad in a parking garage full of cars! ", "This is outrageous! #", "carsarenormal pic.twitter.com/v3X2Cfkccv — Scott Moffatt (@ScottMoffatt21) February 22, 2017\n\nDuring the council meeting, Coun. ", "Bob Monette announced an Orléans craft beer festival in June, declaring, “Cars will be welcomed in Orléans.”", "\n\nBut Monette followed up on Twitter, saying “I condemn anyone who drinks and drives. ", "Designated drivers are a safe alternative 4 people who wish to come by car.”", "\n\nWatson said Ottawa 2017 needs to be creative to attract people to Ottawa.", "\n\n“Montreal bombarded Ottawa with all sorts of campaign material to get them to get them to Montreal’s 375th and we’re encouraging people from Montreal to take many forms of transportation,” Watson said. “", "We have a partnership with Via, we have a partnership with OC Transpo, but many of the visitors are going to be coming by car. ", "I think it was a way of encouraging people to think of Ottawa in 2017.”", "\n\nManning Centre crunches council’s voting history\n\nCouncillors on Wednesday were eager to get a copy of the Manning Centre’s latest analysis of voting trends.", "\n\nThe think tank analyzed the minutes from 35 council meetings between Nov. 26, 2014 and June 22, 2016 to provide a snapshot of how politicians vote.", "\n\nOnly 19 of the 982 votes and recommendations were defeated in that timeframe.", "\n\nOsgoode Coun. ", "George Darouze’s votes were most in line with Watson’s.", "\n\nAt 91.1 per cent, Innes Coun. ", "Jody Mitic was most often on the winning side of divided votes compared to other council members.", "\n\nWatson’s “win rate” was 80.4 per cent, which researchers note was a decrease from the 94.1 per cent last term." ]

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[ "Lake Nisramont\n\nLake Nisramont (French: lac de Nisramont) is located in east of Belgium on the river Ourthe in the municipality of La Roche-en-Ardenne. ", "The dam has a length of 116 m and is 16 m high. ", "The volume of water is 3,000,000 m³ and the area of the lake is 0.47 km². ", "The dam has Fish ladders and a hydro-electric power station.", "\n\nIt is a tourist attraction, with water sports, including canoeing, fishing.", "\n\nCategory:Reservoirs in Belgium\nCategory:Lakes of the Ardennes (Belgium)\nCategory:Lakes of Luxembourg (Belgium)\nLake Nisramont" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }

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[ "Boeadi’s roundleaf bat\n\nBoeadi’s roundleaf bat (Hipposideros boeadii) is a species of roundleaf bat found in Indonesia.", "\n\nTaxonomy and etymology\nBoeadi's roundleaf bat was described as a new species in 2007.", "\nThe holotype, an adult female, was collected in August 2000 on Sulawesi.", "\nThe eponym for the species name \"boeadii\" is Indonesian zoologist Boeadi, \"in recognition of his long-standing contribution to bat research in Indonesia.\"", "\n\nDescription\nIt is a small- to medium-sized roundleaf bat, with a forearm length of and a weight of .", "\nIts fur is reddish-brown over its whole body.", "\nIts ears, nose-leaf, and flight membranes are all dark brown or blackish.", "\n\nRange and habitat\nThe type locality of this species is Rawa Aopa Watumohai National Park in Indonesia.", "\nAll individuals of the type series were documented in lowland rainforest, from savanna habitat.", "\nIts estimated extent of occurrence is .", "\n\nConservation\nAs of 2016, Boeadi’s roundleaf bat is listed as a data deficient species by the IUCN.", "\nIt meets the criteria for this classification because, as a recently described species, there is limited information on its ecological needs, distribution, and status.", "\nAny threats that this species faces are unknown.", "\n\nReferences\n\nCategory:Bats of Indonesia\nCategory:Mammals described in 2007\nCategory:Hipposideros" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }

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[ "Grand Velas Riviera Maya\n\nGrand Velas Riviera Maya is an all-inclusive luxury resort with a great location near Playa del Carmen.", "\n\nGrand Velas Riviera Maya is like three resorts in one. ", "There is a family section, an adults only section and a Zen section, meaning that whether you are looking for privacy as a couple, fun as a family, or personal tranquil time, you can find it.", "\n\nThe main pool at the resort is huge and beautiful and overlooks the Caribbean Sea, allowing for a wonderful breeze. ", "The hotel is all-inclusive and retains a very high standard of food and drinks across all eight of its restaurants, and with so many options you will never get bored.", "\n\nThe suites are just as you would imagine Grand Velas suites to be; large, luxurious and exquisitely comfortable. ", "Classic, modern designs are accented my Mexican touches and off set by impressive views over the Caribbean Sea from your private terrace. ", "The bathrooms are large with hydro-massage baths and rain showers.", "\n\nWhile Grand Velas makes you feel like you are on your own private, luxury island, you are still really close to the attractions of Playa del Carmen and the surrounding area, should you want to explore.", "\n\nFor those looking for a worry-free, luxury vacation, Grand Velas is just the place." ]

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[ "Mathematical test of hypothesis statements\n\nAug 21st, 2013\n\nAnonymous\n\nCategory:\n\nBusiness\n\nPrice: $40 USD\n\nQuestion description\n\ncan u do please answer asap\n\n5-1: 1. ", "Call centers typically have high turnover. ", "The director of human resources for a large bank has compiled data on about 70 former employees at one of the bank’s call centers in the Excel file Call Center Data . ", "In writing an article about call center working conditions, a reporter has claimed that the average tenure is no more than two years. ", "Formulate and test a hypothesis using these data to determine if this claim can be disputed. ", "Solution Tip: You need to write mathematical test of hypothesis statements and apply the test of hypothesis steps.", "\n\n6-12: 2. ", "Using the data in the Excel file Home Market Value,develop a multiple linear regression model for estimating the market value as a function of both the age and size of the house. ", "Find a 95% confidence interval for the mean market value for houses that are 30 years old and have 1,800 square feet and a 95% prediction interval for a house that is 30 years old with 1,800 square feet. ( ", "pg 173 chapter 6for excel file )\n\nPlease be\nsure your work is organized, legible, and your responses are\nsubstantive. ", "You need to submit all details of your work including excel\nsheets used to arrive to the solution. ", "It is not enough to attach your\nexcel sheet.", "You MUST provide interpretation of results and describe\nconclusions." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

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[ "Unravelling the distinct surface interactions of modified graphene nanostructures with methylene blue dye through experimental and computational approaches.", "\nNanoscopic modifications leading to multi-dimensional graphene structures are known to significantly influence their candidature for several applications including catalysis, energy storage, molecular sensing and most significantly adsorption and remediation of harmful materials such as dyes. ", "The present work attempts to identify the key trajectories that connect the structural qualification with a chosen application, viz., ", "the interactive forces in dye remediation. ", "Various physico-chemically Modified Graphene Nanostructures (MGNs) such as 2 dimensional Graphite, Graphene Oxide (GO), reduced GO (rGO), holey rGO, and 3 dimensional GO hydrogel and Holey GO hydrogel are chosen and synthesised herein. ", "These represent varieties of physicochemical features with respect to their dimensionality, surface features such as oxygen functionality, nanoscopic holes etc., ", "that contribute to their characteristic overall surface interactions. ", "Methylene Blue (MB), a popular industrial effluent posing major environmental concern is chosen to be a probe adsorbate in this case study. ", "An exclusive real time in-situ UV visible spectral experiment provides the revealing reasons behind the outstanding performance of 2D GO sheets with an adsorption capacity of greater than 92 % even at high MB concentrations (>2000 ppm). ", "A complex dependency of various factors such as surface oxygen, morphology, nanoporosity etc. ", "on the unique overall interaction with an adsorbent such as MB by all these adsorbates is demonstrated using experimental and DFT based computational studies. ", "Electrostatics and hydrogen bonding are understood to be the two dominant forces driving the MB adsorption on the best performing GO here." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "Phyllis Lightbourn-Jones\n\nPhyllis Lightbourn-Jones (born 8 August 1928) is a Bermudian former sprinter. ", "She competed in the women's 100 metres at the 1948 Summer Olympics.", "\n\nReferences\n\nCategory:1928 births\nCategory:Living people\nCategory:Athletes (track and field) at the 1948 Summer Olympics\nCategory:Athletes (track and field) at the 1952 Summer Olympics\nCategory:Bermudian female sprinters\nCategory:Bermudian female long jumpers\nCategory:Olympic athletes of Bermuda\nCategory:Place of birth missing (living people)" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }

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[ "Mountain Dew’s promotion to name the brand’s new drink appears to be being hijacked. ", "Top in the running so far: “Diabeetus.”", "\n\nOther names that most likely won't see the light of day:\n\nMost Nugget\n\nDickButt\n\nNukaCola\n\nCumsplosion\n\nHitler Did Nothing Wrong\n\nMountain Dew, which has crowdsourced the names of new drinks before on Facebook, recently launched an effort to name a green apple flavored extension. ", "Monday morning the \"gallery of names\" on DubtheDew, a dedicated site, could not be accessed, though when it did, it appeared with a less controversial list. (", "Leading name: \"meany greeny.\") ", "Reps from the PepsiCo brand could not be reached for comment.", "\n\nThe apparent hijacking comes after David Thorpe and Jon Hendren, the minds behind the popular humor site Something Awful did the same with a Walmart promotion for Energy Sheets. ", "The Facebook-based promotion awarded the city with the most likes with a visit by rapper Pitbull. ", "Thorpe and Hendren rigged the votes so that Pitbull visited a Walmart in Kodiak Island, Alaska, the most remote Walmart location in the U.S.\n\nIt's unclear, meanwhile, who is behind the latest Mountain Dew effort. ", "A Reddit thread, however, points the finger at controversial online community 4chan while 4chan claims that the whole thing was concocted by Reddit." ]

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[ "Keep Learning\n\nJack Daniel's entered the white whiskey market in 2013 and charges more per bottle for this clear version of whiskey. ", "Jack Daniel's closest competitor, Jim Beam, matches products to Jack Daniel's in each category, but their Kentucky Bourbon costs more than Jack Daniel's Tennessee Whiskey by $5 to $15 per bottle depending on the size and style of beverage." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

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[ "# BSD LICENSE\n#\n# Copyright(c) 2010-2014 Intel Corporation. ", "All rights reserved.", "\n# All rights reserved.", "\n#\n# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without\n# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions\n# are met:\n#\n# * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright\n# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.", "\n# * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright\n# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in\n# the documentation and/or other materials provided with the\n# distribution.", "\n# * Neither the name of Intel Corporation nor the names of its\n# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived\n# from this software without specific prior written permission.", "\n#\n# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS\n# \"AS IS\" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT\n# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR\n# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. ", "IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT\n# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,\n# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT\n# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,\n# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY\n# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT\n# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE\n# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.", "\n\ninclude $(RTE_SDK)/mk/rte.vars.mk\n\nDIRS-y += common\nDIRS-$(CONFIG_RTE_EXEC_ENV_LINUXAPP) += linuxapp\nDEPDIRS-linuxapp := common\nDIRS-$(CONFIG_RTE_EXEC_ENV_BSDAPP) += bsdapp\nDEPDIRS-bsdapp := common\n\ninclude $(RTE_SDK)/mk/rte.subdir.mk\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

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[ "The European closed qualifier for DreamHack Masters Las Vegas has been brought to an end with fnatic, mousesports, Gambit and FaZe securing spots at the tournament which will take place this February.", "\n\nThe closed qualifier consisted of eight invited and eight open qualifier teams battling in a best-of-three single-elimination bracket. ", "Even though most of the opening matches were won by the invited teams easily, mousesports had a tough time closing out their series against BIG, and GODSENT ended up losing to the Poles of PRIDE.", "\n\n\n\nBoth rain and dennis will be attending DH Masters Las Vegas with their teams\n\nfnatic - G2 was the first deciding match of the qualifier and it seemed like the Swedes were determined to end their job for the night as soon as possible.", "\n\nOn their map pick, Cache, the whole team put up a good performance and won 16-4, but on Dust2 it was all about Dennis \"⁠dennis⁠\" Edman - the #20 player of 2016 picked up 31 kills in 25 rounds to win the map 16-9, and the series 2-0.", "\n\nfnatic K - D +/- ADR Rating 2.0 Dennis 'dennis' Edmandennis 45 - 29 +16 100.5 1.58 Olof 'olofmeister' Kajbjerolofmeister 42 - 24 +18 96.5 1.56 Simon 'twist' Eliassontwist 35 - 30 +5 93.4 1.25 Freddy 'KRIMZ' JohanssonKRIMZ 31 - 23 +8 76.0 1.25 Joakim 'disco doplan' Gidetundisco doplan 29 - 22 +7 71.2 1.15 G2 K - D +/- ADR Rating 2.0 Adil 'ScreaM' BenrlitomScreaM 32 - 36 -4 70.8 0.85 Richard 'shox' Papillonshox 27 - 34 -7 71.0 0.80 Alexandre 'bodyy' Pianarobodyy 26 - 37 -11 56.9 0.75 Edouard 'SmithZz' DubourdeauxSmithZz 23 - 37 -14 62.4 0.72 Cédric 'RpK' GuipouyRpK 20 - 38 -18 61.9 0.62\n\nDespite their struggles against their old in-game leader Fatih \"⁠gob b⁠\" Dayik and his new team BIG, mousesports were in great shape in the deciding match against HellRaisers.", "\n\nWith Nikola \"⁠NiKo⁠\" Kovač and Chris \"⁠chrisJ⁠\" de Jong both firing on all cylinders, mousesports took down the Eastern-European mixture with ease on both Cobblestone (16-9) and Mirage (16-7).", "\n\nHellRaisers K - D +/- ADR Rating 2.0 Martin 'STYKO' StykSTYKO 35 - 35 0 77.3 1.09 Vladyslav 'bondik' Nechyporchukbondik 33 - 36 -3 76.0 1.02 Patrik 'Zero' ŽúdelZero 29 - 39 -10 64.5 0.77 Bence 'DeadFox' BöröczDeadFox 25 - 40 -15 58.7 0.74 Kirill 'ANGE1' KarasiowANGE1 24 - 41 -17 68.9 0.67 mousesports K - D +/- ADR Rating 2.0 Nikola 'NiKo' KovačNiKo 48 - 31 +17 108.5 1.61 Chris 'chrisJ' de JongchrisJ 41 - 25 +16 87.8 1.41 Denis 'denis' Howelldenis 41 - 34 +7 90.1 1.34 Timo 'Spiidi' RichterSpiidi 35 - 24 +11 78.1 1.24 Christian 'loWel' Garcia AntoranloWel 26 - 32 -6 60.0 0.92\n\nGambit and PRIDE met in a matchup that most CS fans weren't expecting to see in this qualifier. ", "The CIS side lead by the veteran Danylo \"⁠Zeus⁠\" Teslenko easily took the first map, Cobblestone 16-5, but were edged out by the Poles on Overpass (16-14) to make the series go to three maps.", "\n\nOn the decider, Dust2, it was once again pretty straighforward for Mihail \"⁠Dosia⁠\" Stolyarov and co - 16-6 to secure a spot at DreamHack Las Vegas.", "\n\nGambit K - D +/- ADR Rating 2.0 Rustem 'mou' Telepovmou 61 - 38 +23 89.6 1.40 Dauren 'AdreN' KystaubayevAdreN 55 - 40 +15 91.1 1.39 Mihail 'Dosia' StolyarovDosia 64 - 42 +22 89.2 1.39 Abay 'Hobbit' KhasenovHobbit 59 - 45 +14 84.1 1.29 Danylo 'Zeus' TeslenkoZeus 40 - 42 -2 58.4 0.94 PRIDE K - D +/- ADR Rating 2.0 Konrad 'EXUS' JeńczeńEXUS 48 - 55 -7 71.8 0.97 Paweł 'reatz' Jańczakreatz 55 - 57 -2 79.1 0.96 Piotr 'morelz' Taterkamorelz 39 - 58 -19 66.1 0.76 Kamil 'kamil' Kamińskikamil 36 - 54 -18 51.5 0.74 Karol 'repo' Cybulskirepo 29 - 56 -27 51.2 0.64\n\nThe final spot was decided between FlipSid3 and FaZe. ", "Thanks to a perfect Terrorist side, Finn \"⁠karrigan⁠\" Andersen's team managed to secure Overpass with a convincing result. ", "However, they weren't able to close it out on their own map pick - Mirage - as the CIS team put up a lockdown CT side.", "\n\nThe series came down Train, on which FaZe ran away with the first half, but took a lot of time to close out the map 16-11.", "\n\nFaZe K - D +/- ADR Rating 2.0 Fabien 'kioShiMa' FieykioShiMa 60 - 47 +13 83.9 1.19 Aleksi 'allu' Jalliallu 64 - 52 +12 75.3 1.15 Philip 'aizy' Aistrupaizy 53 - 47 +6 74.1 1.11 Finn 'karrigan' Andersenkarrigan 51 - 47 +4 79.6 1.11 Håvard 'rain' Nygaardrain 53 - 55 -2 76.9 1.02 FlipSid3 K - D +/- ADR Rating 2.0 Denis 'electronic' Sharipovelectronic 56 - 49 +7 71.8 1.11 Georgi 'WorldEdit' YaskinWorldEdit 56 - 55 +1 75.5 1.07 Jan 'wayLander' RahkonenwayLander 49 - 62 -13 77.4 0.88 Andrey 'B1ad3' GorodenskiyB1ad3 43 - 58 -15 60.8 0.84 Yegor 'markeloff' Markelovmarkeloff 44 - 57 -13 69.6 0.84\n\nWith the EU closed qualifier done, the three remaining spots DreamHack Masters Las Vegas spots will be decided through the NA qualifier:\n\nProfesseur writes for HLTV and can be found on Twitter." ]

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[ "August 27, 2005\n\nThere could be a lot of talk about toads at the confirmation hearings for John Roberts Jr. In one of the few revealing opinions he has written in his brief time on the bench, Judge Roberts voted to reconsider a ruling that said the Endangered Species Act protected the arroyo Southwestern toad from being wiped out by a real estate development. ", "He strongly suggested that Congress could protect only a species whose demise would affect \"interstate commerce\" - but that toad, he wrote, is a \"hapless toad that, for reasons of its own, lives its entire life in California.\"", "\n\nJudge Roberts's opinion, with its wry reference to the possibility that an entire species could be destroyed, disturbed environmentalists.", "\n\nAs if Roberts's humor had to do with the loss of a species! ", "As anyone familiar with the case and with constitutional law knows, Roberts is referring to what is matters in a question about the scope of the Commerce Clause: the fact that federal law attempts to reach to something that is entirely intrastate.", "\n\nIs humor forbidden because the case is about the environment and the environment demands solemn reverence? ", "In any event, the words Roberts applied to the toad seem rather affectionate. ", "Congress is trying to protect endangered species, and here's one that's having trouble staying within the range of Congress's power because it has chosen such a narrow range for itself. ", "The hapless toad! ", "That is, the poor toad. ", "Had a liberal expressed sympathy in that form, I suspect Cohen would have perceived a big, beautiful heart. ", "Look at how Justice Blackmun is endlessly adored for writing \"Poor Joshua,\" when he saw how federal law failed to protect a child.", "\n\nCohen continues his thoughts about the arroyo toad case:\n\nBut its implications go far beyond the environment. ", "It suggests that Judge Roberts - who broke with even a majority of the conservative judges on his court - may hold extreme states' rights views, the kind that could sharply limit Congress's power to protect ordinary Americans from discrimination, pollution and unsafe workplaces.", "\n\n\"Extreme states' rights views\"? ", "Please. ", "The view of the Commerce Clause reflected in that Roberts opinion is that there is some limit to it, that some things that are entirely intrastate and that are not economic activities at all cannot be regulated by Congress. ", "The alternative view is that the Commerce Clause empowers Congress to regulate anything it wants as long as it doesn't violate any constitutional rights. ", "That alternative view is so common that it rarely gets called \"extreme,\" but backing away from it a little and seeing some limit to congressional power is scarcely extreme. ", "Predicting a \"sharp[] limit\" to Congress's power over commercial activities like unsafe workplaces is either a deliberate distortion of the recent Commerce Clause cases or an embarrassingly incompetent misreading.", "\n\nMore from Cohen:\n\nHaving one more justice who supports weakening Congress could make an enormous difference. ", "Last year, Sandra Day O'Connor, whose place Judge Roberts would take, cast the deciding vote to allow a man in a wheelchair to sue under the Americans with Disabilities Act after he was forced to crawl up the steps of a county courthouse. ", "Four justices insisted that his suit was barred by the 11th Amendment, a modest limitation on the power of federal courts that conservatives have distorted into a sweeping \"sovereign immunity\" shield for states.", "\n\nBut Justice O'Connor voted with the majority that imposed a limit on Congress's commerce power in the cases about the Gun-Free School Zones Act and the Violence Against Women Act. ", "In fact, Cohen is not talking about a Commerce Clause case here at all, something I doubt many NYT readers will notice. ", "He's talking about a case about the scope of Congress's power to enforce 14th Amendment rights. ", "And the crawling-up-the-steps case, despite its emotion-stirring facts, is about a very particular and limited issue. ", "But go ahead and use it to bolster the myth of Justice O'Connor as a giant bulwark protecting the weak from the strong.", "\n\nI detest the exaggerated statements about federalism and \"states' rights\" that typify the NYT coverage of the Supreme Court. ", "You can legitimately take a very broad view of congressional power, interpreting the Commerce Clause so broadly that Congress has an unfettered choice in what to regulate. ", "Justice Breyer does an excellent job of articulating that viewpoint on the Court. ", "No one expects a Bush appointee to go to that end of the spectrum. ", "Roberts will surely have some interest in federalism-based limits on congressional power. ", "I wish the NYT could calm down and take the trouble to explain exactly what these limitations are likely to be.", "\n\n17 comments:\n\nHad a liberal expressed sympathy in that form, I suspect Cohen would have perceived a big, beautiful heart.", "\n\nI suspect not.", "\n\nSo where does that leave us? ", "Well, with competing smug hypotheticals. ", "The \"liberals would have said this\" or \"conservatives would have said that\" construction is a cliche without much argumentative weight.", "\n\nPerhaps it is viewed as a cliche because examples such as this are so ubiquitous on the pages of the NYT -- and it isn't nearly as much of a cliche as a member of the MSM referring to a conservative's \"extremist views.\" ", "Yawn.", "\n\nThersites, you are in denial of the obvious.... I shouldn't say more After all, I don't want to make the mistake to generalize liberals as being so intellectually superior that they cannot be generalized.", "\n\nI think what Cohen means is that Roberts may take an \"extreme\" view similar to that of a majority of the Supreme Court. ", "Funny how a majority position on the Supreme Court sometimes means the position is \"mainstream\" and must be adhered to and sometimes means it's \"extreme\" and may not be followed.", "\n\nunfortunately, the position that roberts suggested the court should consider (not necessarily adopt, just listen to) in the case is not that of a majority of the court.", "\n\nthe argument that the toad was not protected by the endangered species act was a good one in light of lopez and morrison. ", "in the wake of the medical marijuana case, however, it would not seem to stand a chance anymore.", "\n\nZiemer, how can you seriously conflate the issue of guns, for which the interstate commerce effects are obvious, with that of the California toad? ", "Are you telling me with a straight face that there is some kind of thriving interstate trade in them there toads to compare with the interstate marketing and movements of firearms? ", "Good grief, if there was ever a case where the Commerce clause applicability is fairly obvious it is in the case of firearms (requiring no contortionistic nonsense of the Wickard sort of \"logic\"), which is exactly why the 2nd Amendment has to exist and be followed rigorously.", "\n\nSay what you will about Raich (and I think that Wickard is breathless overreach that could never be taken seriously absent the Depression), there is no way that gun control works as analogy for the ESA and a one-state toad.", "\n\nas far as i'm concerned, if the endnagered species act is constitutional, it is not pursuant to the commerce clause. ", "some other source must be found.", "\n\nbut if it is constitutional, pursuant to the commerce clause, as everyone else participating in this thread is assuming for purposes of this discussion, then exempting the hapless toad from its reach, merely because it exists only in california, would gut that power.", "\n\nwhich is what the court held in raich: allowing california to license medical use of marijuana, even though the marijuana involved has been exquisitely removed from both commerce and interstate movement, would gut congress' intent -- to make all doobage smokers pariahs.", "\n\nso, just as the california law was struck down, even though it had no real effect on commerce, much less interstate commerce, the toad must be protected, even though the toad has no effect on commerce, much less interstate commerce.", "\n\ncongress has declared that the protection of endangered species is within its commerce clause power, the supreme court has acquiesced in that (however irrational that may be), and as such, not even wholly inTRAstate toads can be excepted, or the statute would fail its intended purpose." ]

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[ "Electrical stunning effectiveness with current levels lower than 1 A in lambs and kid goats.", "\nAn experiment with 360 lambs grouped into three Spanish commercial categories, (Pascual, 13-16 kg; Recental, 9-13 kg and Lechal <7 kg carcass weight) and kid goats (7 kg) was performed to assess stunning effectiveness after head-only (HO) and head-to-body (HB) electrical stunning with intensity currents of 0.3, 0.5 and 0.7 Amperes (A) compared to 1.0 A. After stunning, all animals showed tonic-clonic muscular activity and epileptiform EEG, absence of rhythmic breathing, corneal reflex, spontaneous blinking and pain sensibility. ", "The quiescent EEG occurred earlier (P < 0.05) in HB compared to HO in all categories. ", "More animals recovered corneal reflex and rhythmic breathing before onset of the quiescent activity after HO (from 15 to 50%) compared to HB (from 0 to 15%) (P < 0.05). ", "Concluding, HO and HB electrical stunning with 0.3, 0.5 and 0.7 A induce effective stunning similar to 1.0 A in lambs and kid goats. ", "After stunning and sticking, brain failure occurs earlier in HB than HO system." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "From Our Home to Yours\n\nMay 17, 2020\n\nToday we are sharing a few messages of hope and encouragement from our staff members from their living rooms to yours. ", "If you’re struggling during this season, we want you to know you’re not alone. ", "We are with you, but even more, God is with you! ", "As we share some of our struggles with you today, we also want to share how we have leaned into scripture and found hope and strength in God." ]

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[ "<?", "xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\"?", ">\n<ScrollView\n xmlns:android=\"http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android\"\n xmlns:tools=\"http://schemas.android.com/tools\"\n android:layout_width=\"match_parent\"\n android:layout_height=\"match_parent\"\n >\n\n <LinearLayout\n android:layout_width=\"match_parent\"\n android:layout_height=\"wrap_content\"\n android:gravity=\"center\"\n android:orientation=\"vertical\"\n android:paddingBottom=\"@dimen/activity_vertical_margin\"\n android:paddingLeft=\"@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin\"\n android:paddingRight=\"@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin\"\n android:paddingTop=\"@dimen/activity_vertical_margin\"\n tools:context=\"com.weavey.dialog.sample.", "MainActivity\">\n\n <Button\n android:id=\"@+id/button1\"\n android:layout_width=\"match_parent\"\n android:layout_height=\"wrap_content\"\n android:text=\"访iOS选择框\"\n />\n\n <Button\n android:id=\"@+id/button2\"\n android:layout_width=\"match_parent\"\n android:layout_height=\"wrap_content\"\n android:text=\"对话框\"\n />\n\n <Button\n android:id=\"@+id/button3\"\n android:layout_width=\"match_parent\"\n android:layout_height=\"wrap_content\"\n android:text=\"对话框(单键)\"\n />\n\n <Button\n android:id=\"@+id/button4\"\n android:layout_width=\"match_parent\"\n android:layout_height=\"wrap_content\"\n android:text=\"MD风格对话框\"\n />\n\n\n <Button\n android:id=\"@+id/button5\"\n android:layout_width=\"match_parent\"\n android:layout_height=\"wrap_content\"\n android:text=\"MD风格选择框\"\n />\n\n <Button\n android:id=\"@+id/button6\"\n android:layout_width=\"match_parent\"\n android:layout_height=\"wrap_content\"\n android:text=\"MD风格编辑框\"\n />\n\n </LinearLayout>\n</ScrollView>" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

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[ "Q:\n\nTablesorter - Dedicate one table row for a sponsor? (", "make it first, unsortable, custom css)\n\nis it possible to insert a row into tablesorter that would always appear first no matter how you sort it, and would have its own custom css settings for that one row?", "\nThank you :)\n\nA:\n\nYes, that's very simple - tablesorter won't sort anything within the <thead>:\n<table>\n <thead>\n <tr><th>Column Head 1</th><th>Column Head 2</th></tr>\n <tr><td>Unsortable 1</td><td>Unsortable 2</td></tr>\n </thead>\n <tbody>\n <!-- ", "sortable rows here -->\n </tbody>\n</table>\n\nAs far as CSS goes, either give the \"special\" row a separate class, or use thead tr:last-child.", "\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

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[ "There’s consistent and solid evidence that physical activity reduces risk of several cancers — such as colorectal and postmenopausal breast. ", "Data is not as strong when it comes to survival but it’s growing, especially for breast and colorectal survivors.", "\n\nThat’s the latest from expert Christine Friedenreich, who led off the presentations about physical activity’s effect on survivorship at our research conference today.", "\n\nRandomized clinical trials (RCTs) are considered the gold standard of studies, which would compare a random group of survivors who follow an exercise intervention to those not doing it. ", "Currently, we don’t have RCTs but there is observational evidence showing benefits, said Friedenreich.", "\n\nExercise may supply its benefits in a number of ways: It may help patients complete their treatment or it could help control harms of the therapy. ", "Animal studies suggest exercise may also help the therapy get to the tumor by improving blood flow.", "\n\nBut can the course of exercise alter the course of the disease? ", "Two major studies highlighted will hopefully provide some answers. ", "One is ALBERTA a major observational study focusing on exercise and breast cancer survivors. ", "Then CHALLENGE is a randomized control trial investigating exercise among colon cancer survivors.", "\n\nHere’s the guidelines from the American College of Sports Medicine on exercise for survivors.", "\n\nAnd here’s the latest on our CUP report that came out this month on survival and breast cancer." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }

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[ "/*\n * Copyright (c) 2009-2020 Weasis Team and other contributors.", "\n *\n * This program and the accompanying materials are made available under the terms of the Eclipse\n * Public License 2.0 which is available at http://www.eclipse.org/legal/epl-2.0.", "\n *\n * SPDX-License-Identifier: EPL-2.0\n */\n\npackage org.weasis.dicom.sr;\n\nimport java.awt.", "BorderLayout;\nimport java.awt.", "Dimension;\nimport java.beans.", "PropertyChangeListener;\nimport java.net.", "URL;\nimport java.util.", "ArrayList;\nimport java.util.", "Collections;\nimport java.util.", "HashMap;\nimport java.util.", "List;\nimport java.util.", "Map;\nimport java.util.", "UUID;\n\nimport javax.swing.", "BorderFactory;\nimport javax.swing.", "ImageIcon;\nimport javax.swing.", "JOptionPane;\nimport javax.swing.", "JPanel;\nimport javax.swing.", "JScrollPane;\nimport javax.swing.", "JTextPane;\nimport javax.swing.border.", "EmptyBorder;\nimport javax.swing.event.", "HyperlinkEvent;\n\nimport org.dcm4che3.data.", "Attributes;\nimport org.dcm4che3.data.", "Tag;\nimport org.weasis.core.api.explorer.", "DataExplorerView;\nimport org.weasis.core.api.explorer.", "ObservableEvent;\nimport org.weasis.core.api.gui.util.", "JMVUtils;\nimport org.weasis.core.api.media.data.", "ImageElement;\nimport org.weasis.core.api.media.data.", "MediaElement;\nimport org.weasis.core.api.media.data.", "MediaSeries;\nimport org.weasis.core.api.media.data.", "MediaSeriesGroup;\nimport org.weasis.core.api.media.data.", "Series;\nimport org.weasis.core.api.media.data.", "TagW;\nimport org.weasis.core.ui.docking.", "UIManager;\nimport org.weasis.core.ui.editor.", "SeriesViewerEvent;\nimport org.weasis.core.ui.editor.", "SeriesViewerEvent.", "EVENT;\nimport org.weasis.core.ui.editor.", "SeriesViewerFactory;\nimport org.weasis.core.ui.editor.", "SeriesViewerListener;\nimport org.weasis.core.ui.editor.", "ViewerPluginBuilder;\nimport org.weasis.core.ui.editor.image.", "ViewerPlugin;\nimport org.weasis.core.ui.model.", "GraphicModel;\nimport org.weasis.core.ui.model.graphic.", "Graphic;\nimport org.weasis.core.ui.model.imp.", "XmlGraphicModel;\nimport org.weasis.core.ui.model.layer.", "GraphicLayer;\nimport org.weasis.core.ui.model.layer.", "LayerType;\nimport org.weasis.core.ui.model.layer.imp.", "DefaultLayer;\nimport org.weasis.dicom.codec.", "AbstractKOSpecialElement.", "Reference;\nimport org.weasis.dicom.codec.", "DcmMediaReader;\nimport org.weasis.dicom.codec.", "DicomImageElement;\nimport org.weasis.dicom.codec.", "DicomMediaIO;\nimport org.weasis.dicom.codec.", "DicomSeries;\nimport org.weasis.dicom.codec.", "DicomSpecialElement;\nimport org.weasis.dicom.codec.", "KOSpecialElement;\nimport org.weasis.dicom.codec.", "TagD;\nimport org.weasis.dicom.codec.", "TagD.Level;\nimport org.weasis.dicom.codec.macro.", "SOPInstanceReference;\nimport org.weasis.dicom.codec.utils.", "DicomMediaUtils;\nimport org.weasis.dicom.explorer.", "DicomExplorer;\nimport org.weasis.dicom.explorer.", "DicomModel;\nimport org.weasis.dicom.explorer.", "LoadDicomObjects;\nimport org.weasis.dicom.explorer.", "MimeSystemAppFactory;\n\npublic class SRView extends JScrollPane implements SeriesViewerListener {\n\n private final JTextPane htmlPanel = new JTextPane();\n private final Map<String, SRImageReference> map = new HashMap<>();\n private Series<?", "> series;\n private KOSpecialElement keyReferences;\n\n public SRView() {\n this(null);\n }\n\n public SRView(Series<?", "> series) {\n JPanel panel = new JPanel();\n panel.setLayout(new BorderLayout());\n panel.setBorder(BorderFactory.createEmptyBorder(5, 5, 5, 5));\n htmlPanel.setBorder(new EmptyBorder(5, 5, 5, 5));\n htmlPanel.setEditorKit(JMVUtils.buildHTMLEditorKit(htmlPanel));\n htmlPanel.setContentType(\"text/html\"); //$NON-NLS-1$\n htmlPanel.setEditable(false);\n htmlPanel.addHyperlinkListener(e -> {\n JTextPane pane = (JTextPane) e.getSource();\n if (e.getEventType() == HyperlinkEvent.", "EventType.", "ENTERED) {\n pane.setToolTipText(e.getDescription());\n } else if (e.getEventType() == HyperlinkEvent.", "EventType.", "EXITED) {\n pane.setToolTipText(null);\n } else if (e.getEventType() == HyperlinkEvent.", "EventType.", "ACTIVATED) {\n String desc = e.getDescription();\n URL url = e.getURL();\n if (url == null && desc !", "= null && desc.startsWith(\"#\")) { //$NON-NLS-1$\n htmlPanel.scrollToReference(desc.substring(1));\n } else {\n openRelatedSeries(e.getURL().getHost());\n }\n }\n });\n setPreferredSize(new Dimension(1024, 1024));\n setSeries(series);\n }\n\n public JTextPane getHtmlPanel() {\n return htmlPanel;\n }\n\n public synchronized Series<?", "> getSeries() {\n return series;\n }\n\n public synchronized void setSeries(Series<?", "> newSeries) {\n MediaSeries<?", "> oldsequence = this.series;\n this.series = newSeries;\n\n if (oldsequence == null && newSeries == null) {\n return;\n }\n if (oldsequence !", "= null && oldsequence.equals(newSeries)) {\n return;\n }\n\n closingSeries(oldsequence);\n\n if (series !", "= null) {\n // Should have only one object by series (if more, they are split in several sub-series in dicomModel)\n DicomSpecialElement s = DicomModel.getFirstSpecialElement(series, DicomSpecialElement.class);\n displayLimitedDicomInfo(s);\n series.setOpen(true);\n series.setFocused(true);\n series.setSelected(true, null);\n }\n }\n\n private void closingSeries(MediaSeries<?", "> mediaSeries) {\n if (mediaSeries == null) {\n return;\n }\n boolean open = false;\n synchronized (UIManager.", "VIEWER_PLUGINS) {\n List<ViewerPlugin<?", ">> plugins = UIManager.", "VIEWER_PLUGINS;\n pluginList: for (final ViewerPlugin<?", "> plugin : plugins) {\n List<? ", "extends MediaSeries<?", ">> openSeries = plugin.getOpenSeries();\n if (openSeries !", "= null) {\n for (MediaSeries<?", "> s : openSeries) {\n if (mediaSeries == s) {\n // The sequence is still open in another view or plugin\n open = true;\n break pluginList;\n }\n }\n }\n }\n }\n mediaSeries.setOpen(open);\n // TODO setSelected and setFocused must be global to all view as open\n mediaSeries.setSelected(false, null);\n mediaSeries.setFocused(false);\n }\n\n public void dispose() {\n if (series !", "= null) {\n closingSeries(series);\n series = null;\n }\n }\n\n @Override\n public void changingViewContentEvent(SeriesViewerEvent event) {\n EVENT type = event.getEventType();\n if (EVENT.LAYOUT.equals(type) && event.getSeries() instanceof Series) {\n setSeries((Series<?", ">) event.getSeries());\n }\n }\n\n private void displayLimitedDicomInfo(DicomSpecialElement media) {\n\n StringBuilder html = new StringBuilder();\n if (media !", "= null) {\n SRReader reader = new SRReader(series, media);\n map.clear();\n reader.readDocumentGeneralModule(html, map);\n }\n htmlPanel.setText(html.toString());\n this.setViewportView(htmlPanel);\n }\n\n private void openRelatedSeries(String reference) {\n SRImageReference imgRef = map.get(reference);\n if (imgRef !", "= null) {\n SOPInstanceReference ref = imgRef.getSopInstanceReference();\n if (ref !", "= null) {\n DataExplorerView dicomView = org.weasis.core.ui.docking.", "UIManager.getExplorerplugin(DicomExplorer.", "NAME);\n DicomModel model = null;\n if (dicomView !", "= null) {\n model = (DicomModel) dicomView.getDataExplorerModel();\n }\n if (model !", "= null) {\n MediaSeriesGroup study = model.getParent(series, DicomModel.study);\n MediaSeriesGroup patient = model.getParent(series, DicomModel.patient);\n\n Series<?", "> s = findSOPInstanceReference(model, patient, study, ref.getReferencedSOPInstanceUID());\n if (s instanceof DicomSeries) {\n if (keyReferences == null) {\n keyReferences = buildKO(model, (DicomSeries) s);\n }\n\n if (keyReferences !", "= null) {\n Reference koRef = new Reference(TagD.getTagValue(s, Tag.", "StudyInstanceUID, String.class),\n TagD.getTagValue(s, Tag.", "SeriesInstanceUID, String.class),\n ref.getReferencedSOPInstanceUID(), ref.getReferencedSOPClassUID(),\n ref.getReferencedFrameNumber());\n keyReferences.addKeyObject(koRef);\n SeriesViewerFactory plugin = UIManager.getViewerFactory(DicomMediaIO.SERIES_MIMETYPE);\n if (plugin !", "= null && !(", "plugin instanceof MimeSystemAppFactory)) {\n addGraphicstoView(s.getMedia(0, null, null), imgRef);\n String uid = UUID.randomUUID().toString();\n Map<String, Object> props = Collections.synchronizedMap(new HashMap<String, Object>());\n props.put(ViewerPluginBuilder.", "CMP_ENTRY_BUILD_NEW_VIEWER, false);\n props.put(ViewerPluginBuilder.", "BEST_DEF_LAYOUT, false);\n props.put(ViewerPluginBuilder.", "ICON,\n new ImageIcon(model.getClass().getResource(\"/icon/16x16/key-images.png\"))); //$NON-NLS-1$\n props.put(ViewerPluginBuilder.", "UID, uid);\n List<DicomSeries> seriesList = new ArrayList<>();\n seriesList.add((DicomSeries) s);\n ViewerPluginBuilder builder = new ViewerPluginBuilder(plugin, seriesList, model, props);\n ViewerPluginBuilder.openSequenceInPlugin(builder);\n model.firePropertyChange(\n new ObservableEvent(ObservableEvent.", "BasicAction.", "SELECT, uid, null, keyReferences));\n }\n }\n } else {\n // TODO try to download if IHE IID has been configured\n JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, Messages.getString(\"SRView.msg\"), //$NON-NLS-1$\n Messages.getString(\"SRView.open\"), //$NON-NLS-1$\n JOptionPane.", "WARNING_MESSAGE);\n }\n\n }\n }\n }\n }\n\n private void addGraphicstoView(MediaElement mediaElement, SRImageReference imgRef) {\n if (mediaElement instanceof ImageElement && imgRef.getGraphics() !", "= null && !", "imgRef.getGraphics().isEmpty()) {\n\n GraphicModel modelList = (GraphicModel) mediaElement.getTagValue(TagW.PresentationModel);\n // After getting a new image iterator, update the measurements\n if (modelList == null) {\n modelList = new XmlGraphicModel((ImageElement) mediaElement);\n mediaElement.setTag(TagW.PresentationModel, modelList);\n }\n\n String layerName = \"SCOORD [DICOM]\";//$NON-NLS-1$\n GraphicLayer layer = null;\n for (GraphicLayer l : modelList.getLayers()) {\n if (layerName.equals(l.getName())) {\n layer = l;\n break;\n }\n }\n\n boolean addLayer = layer == null;\n\n if (addLayer) {\n layer = new DefaultLayer(LayerType.", "DICOM_SR);\n layer.setName(layerName);\n layer.setSerializable(false);\n layer.setLocked(true);\n layer.setSelectable(false);\n layer.setLevel(305);\n }\n\n if (!", "addLayer) {\n List<Graphic> models = modelList.getModels();\n int size = 0;\n synchronized (models) {\n for (Graphic g : models) {\n boolean sr = layer.equals(g.getLayer());\n if (sr) {\n size++;\n }\n }\n }\n\n if (imgRef.getGraphics().size() == size) {\n return;\n }\n\n if (size > 0) {\n modelList.deleteByLayer(layer);\n }\n }\n\n for (Graphic graphic : imgRef.getGraphics()) {\n graphic.setLayer(layer);\n for (PropertyChangeListener listener : modelList.getGraphicsListeners()) {\n graphic.addPropertyChangeListener(listener);\n }\n modelList.addGraphic(graphic);\n }\n }\n }\n\n private static Series<?", "> findSOPInstanceReference(DicomModel model, MediaSeriesGroup patient,\n MediaSeriesGroup study, String sopUID) {\n if (model !", "= null && patient !", "= null && sopUID !", "= null) {\n Series<?", "> s = null;\n if (study !", "= null) {\n s = findSOPInstanceReference(model, study, sopUID);\n if (s !", "= null) {\n return s;\n }\n }\n\n synchronized (model) { //NOSONAR lock object is the list for iterating its elements safely\n for (MediaSeriesGroup st : model.getChildren(patient)) {\n if (st !", "= study) {\n s = findSOPInstanceReference(model, st, sopUID);\n }\n if (s !", "= null) {\n return s;\n }\n }\n }\n }\n return null;\n }\n\n private KOSpecialElement buildKO(DicomModel model, DicomSeries s) {\n DicomSpecialElement dcmElement = DicomModel.getFirstSpecialElement(series, DicomSpecialElement.class);\n if (dcmElement !", "= null) {\n DicomImageElement dcm = s.getMedia(MediaSeries.", "MEDIA_POSITION.FIRST, null, null);\n if (dcm !", "= null && dcm.getMediaReader() instanceof DcmMediaReader) {\n Attributes dicomSourceAttribute = ((DcmMediaReader) dcm.getMediaReader()).getDicomObject();\n Attributes attributes =\n DicomMediaUtils.createDicomKeyObject(dicomSourceAttribute, dcmElement.getShortLabel(), null);\n new LoadDicomObjects(model, attributes).addSelectionAndnotify(); // must be executed in the EDT\n\n for (KOSpecialElement koElement : DicomModel.getKoSpecialElements(s)) {\n if (koElement.getMediaReader().getDicomObject().equals(attributes)) {\n return koElement;\n }\n }\n }\n }\n return null;\n }\n\n private static Series<?", "> findSOPInstanceReference(DicomModel model, MediaSeriesGroup study, String sopUID) {\n if (model !", "= null && study !", "= null) {\n TagW sopTag = TagD.getUID(Level.", "INSTANCE);\n synchronized (model) { //NOSONAR lock object is the list for iterating its elements safely\n for (MediaSeriesGroup seq : model.getChildren(study)) {\n if (seq instanceof Series) {\n Series<?", "> s = (Series<?", ">) seq;\n if (s.hasMediaContains(sopTag, sopUID)) {\n return s;\n }\n }\n }\n }\n }\n return null;\n }\n\n}\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

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[ "Jupiter (mythology)\n\nJupiter (Latin: Iuppiter, also known as Jove) was the supreme God in the Roman mythology pantheon. ", "Like many of the figures of Roman mythology, Jupiter was appropriated from the Greeks, and is virtually identical to the supreme God Zeus in Greek mythology.", "\n\nJupiter was known as the Roman god of the heavens and the sky. ", "He was considered to be the patron deity of the Roman state, in charge of laws and social order. ", "Along with Juno and Minerva, Jupiter was the chief member of the Capitoline Triad, a group of the three foremost deities in Roman religion.", "\n\nRoman worship of Jupiter has had a lasting impact upon the Western world. ", "In English, the adjective \"jovial,\" which comes from Jupiter's alternative name \"Jove,\" is still used today to describe people who are jolly, optimistic, and buoyant in temperament. ", "The god's name was also adopted as the title of the planet Jupiter, the fifth planet from the sun and the largest planet in our solar system. ", "Additionally, Jupiter remains the origin of the weekday called \"Thursday\" in English. ", "In Latin, Thursday is known as Iovis Dies or \"Jupiter's Day\" and many European langauges still refer to this day of the week in the connection to Jupiter, such as the French jeudi and the Italian giovedì.", "\n\nContents\n\nOrigins\n\nJupiter or Iuppiter is a vocative compound derived from the archaic Latin Iovis and pater (Latin for father). ", "Linguistic studies identify the Latin theonym Jupiter as having derived from the phonologically similar proto-Indo-European compound *dyēus- pəter-, which refers to the \"Father God,\" ruler of the daytime sky. ", "This is the very same deity from whom also derives the SanskritDyaus or Dyaus Pita (\"Sky Father\") of the Vedas, the Germanic *Tiwaz, and of course the Greek Zeus. ", "This word *dyēus- pəter- itself derives from the proto-Indo-European root diu, meaning “bright” or \"to shine,\" referring to the light of the sun and sky in daytime. ", "For the Romans, as well as other mythological systems derived from proto-Indo-European roots such as that of the Vedas and the Norse, the god of the sky was also the supreme god. ", "Thus, the similarity between Jupiter's Latin title and those given to the celestial gods in the Sanskrit, Germanic and Greek languages provides strong linguistic evidence that the god had a connection to the Proto-Indo-European sky god.", "\n\nJupiter's alternative title Jove, meanwhile, is an English formation based on Iov-, the stem of oblique cases of the Latin name for the Vedic Dyaus Pita.", "\n\nMythology\n\nJupiter was the son of Ops, the earth mother and Saturn, the prevailing sky god who ruled over the rest of the Roman pantheon. ", "Saturn had usurped his oppressive father Caelus in order to assume the position of supremacy; however he quickly became tyrannical himself, heeding a prophecy claiming that one of his own sons would overthrow him. ", "In order to prevent this from occurring, Saturn devoured all of his children as soon as they were born. ", "Realizing that her next child Jupiter would be susceptible to the same treatment, Ops hid him as soon as he was born and offered Saturn a large stone wrapped in swaddling clothes in his place. ", "Saturn swallowed the stone, and was forced to disgorge Jupiter's siblings in the process of ridding it from his digestive system. ", "Jupiter returned from hiding to overthrow Saturn, assuming leadership over the cosmos and forcing Saturn to flee to Italy.", "\n\nConsidering his status as the supreme god in the Roman pantheon, it is not surprising that Jupiter enjoyed numerous romantic episodes and thereby sired many offspring. ", "By Maia he is the father of Mercury, the god of commerce; by Dione, he fathered Venus, goddess of love, and by Ceres Proserpine, goddess of the spring. ", "Diana bore Jupiter a son and a daughter—Apollo, god of the sun, and Diana, goddess of the moon, respectively. ", "He is also considered to be the father of Minerva, goddess of wisdom.", "\n\nFunctions\n\nJupiter's many functions varied along with his numerous epithets. ", "As Jupiter Fulgurator (\"of the lightning\") and Jupiter Tonans (\"thunderer\"), he was known as the God of the storms. ", "As Jupiter Lucetius (\"of the light\"), he was esteemed as purveyor of the universe. ", "Furthermore, Jupiter also had immense political significance. ", "He was referred to as Juppiter Optimus Maximus Soter (the \"best, greatest, saviour Jupiter\"), which not only described his supremacy over the rest of the divine pantheon, but also marked his status as the patron deity of the Roman state, in charge of laws and social order. ", "In his connection to justice, Jupiter was especially concerned with oaths, treaties, and leagues. ", "For instance, Roman citizens swore an oath to Jupiter in their courts of law, uttering the phrase \"By Jove!\" ", "to indicate that words were truthful in the name of God. ", "Jupiter's connection with the conscience, obligation and trustworthiness was never quite lost throughout Roman history. ", "Additionally, Jupiter defended Rome against foreign interests. ", "As Jupiter Terminus or Jupiter Terminalus, the god was thought to defend the boundaries of Rome. ", "As Jupiter Victor, he led Roman armies to victory, and as Jupiter Feretrius he helped carry away the subsequent spoils of war. ", "As such, armies returning home victorious from the battlefield made sure to pass the Capitoline temple to Jupiter as a sign of gratefulness to their chief god.", "\n\nWorship\n\nAs a result of his status as the supreme god of the Roman empire, many temples were dedicated to Jupiter in Roman cities and colonies. ", "The largest temple in Rome was that of Jupiter Optimus Maximus on the Capitoline Hill. ", "This temple is also the oldest building dedicated to Jupiter, and its foundations are still in existence. ", "Here Jupiter was worshipped alongside Juno and Minerva, the trio of deities who formed the Capitoline Triad. ", "Construction of the building began under Tarquinius Priscus and was completed by the last king of Rome, Tarquinius Superbus. ", "It was officially inaugurated on September 13, 509 B.C.E. at the beginning of the Republican era. ", "On this day, the consuls sacrificed to Jupiter a white ox, his preferred offering, and they rendered thanks for the preservation of the state, which was followed by the feasting. ", "The commemoration of this day became the pivotal event of the great Roman games.", "\n\nJupiter was also worshipped by way of the lapides silices, a collection of pebbles or small stones, which were kept on the Capitoline Hill. ", "These stones were used by Roman priests (called Fetiales) for symbolic ceremonies in which declarations of war and treaties were made official on behalf of the Roman state. ", "In the ceremonies, the fetiales took one of these stones in their hand and then swore by Jupiter, dropping the stone at the last words. ", "This oath made upon Iuppiter Lapis, or the Jupiter Stone, was considered by the Romans to be the most solemn oath possible [1]. ", "Considering Jupiter's function as ajudicator of oaths, it is not surprising that it was only in the presence of Jupiter's priests that the confarreatio, the most ancient and sacred form of marriage in the Roman tradition, took place.", "\n\nJupiter Stator, Roman bronze from the Gallo-Roman religious centre of Gisacum, near Évreux.", "\n\nThe original temple was rebuilt in marble after it was destroyed by fires in 83 B.C.E. Fires followed again in 69 C.E., when the Capitol was stormed by the supporters of Vitellius. ", "However, the temple's ultimate dilapidation began in the fifth century, when Stilicho carried off the gold–plated doors and Narses removed many of the statues in 571 C.E. The surviving remains of the foundations and of the podium, most of which now lie underneath Palazzo Caffarelli, consisted of enormous parallel sections of walling made in blocks of grey tufa-quadriga stone (cappellaccio) bearing witness to the sheer enormity of the surface area of the temple's base (about 55 by 60 meters).", "\n\nAll throughout the Roman Republic Jupiter was the central cult figure. ", "Just as on the Capitoline Hill, Jupiter was worshiped on the peaks of hills across the rest of the Roman Empire as well. ", "In addition, all places struck by lightning were considered to be his property and were demarcated as sacred by circular walls. ", "Although with the rise of Augustus (approximately 43 B.C.E.) the Gods Apollo and Mars eventually came to rival Jupiter in preeminence, Augustus went to great lengths to ensure that Juppiter Optimus Maximus was not ousted from his position of supremacy in popular worship. ", "Under Augustus, Jupiter came to be conceived of as the protecting deity of the reigning emperor of the state, much as he had been the protecting deity of the free republic in earlier times. ", "As such, his worship spread over the entirety of the Roman Empire.", "\n\nLegacy\n\nMuch like his Greek counterpart Zeus, Jupiter has had a lasting impact upon the Western world, despite his decline in his worship. ", "For instance, the expression \"by Jove!,\" ", "once sworn in Roman courts, became a common colloquialism and is still used as an archaism today. ", "In addition, the English adjective \"jovial,\" which also takes its root from Jupiter's alternative moniker, is still used today to describe people who are jolly, optimistic, and buoyant in temperament. ", "As well, the name of the god was adopted as the name of the planet Jupiter, fifth planet from the sun and fittingly the largest celestial body in our solar system. ", "Jupiter was the original namesake of the weekday that would come to be known in English as Thursday. ", "The contemporary name comes from the Old English Þunresdæg meaning \"Day of Thor\" (the comparable sky god of the Norse pantheon), this being a rough Germanic equivalent to the Latin Iovis Dies or \"Jupiter's Day.\" ", "Other Romantic languages use equivalent terms to refer to this day of the week, notable for their phonological resemblance the name of Jupiter, such as the French jeudi and the Italian giovedì.", "\n\nCredits\n\nNew World Encyclopedia writers and editors rewrote and completed the Wikipedia article in accordance with New World Encyclopediastandards. ", "This article abides by terms of the Creative Commons CC-by-sa 3.0 License (CC-by-sa), which may be used and disseminated with proper attribution. ", "Credit is due under the terms of this license that can reference both the New World Encyclopedia contributors and the selfless volunteer contributors of the Wikimedia Foundation. ", "To cite this article click here for a list of acceptable citing formats.", "The history of earlier contributions by wikipedians is accessible to researchers here:" ]

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[ "MANCHESTER, ENGLAND—Strange things are afoot at England’s Manchester Museum, where curators have noticed a 10-inch-tall statue of an Egpytian man named Neb-Sanu that dates to 1080 B.C. slowly rotating counter-clockwise throughout the day. ", "A time-elapse video indicates it would take more than seven days for the statue, which has been in the museum for 80 years after being recovered from a mummy’s tomb, to complete a full 360-degree revolution. ", "In ancient Egypt, mourners to the tomb where the statue once sat, according to one of the museum’s curators, would have laid offerings by its feet—likely in the form of bread, beer, and beef, which is specifically requested by the hieroglyphics on its back. ", "British physicists have suggested that differential friction between the base of the statue and the glass it sits on is the reason for the rotation, but the statue hasn’t moved for months since it was placed there." ]

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[ "Wireless speaker maker Sonos is going public\n\nSonos didn't say how many shares it plans to offer or their expected price\n\nIn context: Sonos was founded in 2002 as Rincon Audio but changed its name to Sonos in 2004. ", "Today, its products are distributed in over 50 countries with 55 percent of its revenue coming from outside the US.", "\n\nThe filing forces the wireless speaker company to bust open its books, offering investors and onlookers alike the opportunity to skim through its financials.", "\n\nIn fiscal year 2017, Sonos generated revenue of $992.5 million, good for a 10 percent increase from the $901.3 million in brought in a year earlier, albeit with a net loss of $14.2 million. ", "Things look a bit better more recently, however, as the company earned $655.7 million in the six-month period ending March 31, 2018, an 18 percent increase compared to the year-ago period. ", "The performance resulted in a net income of $13.1 million.", "\n\nSonos in its filing notes that as of March 31, customers had registered more than 19 million products in approximately 6.9 million households globally. ", "That works out to around 2.75 units per household, confirmation that people who purchase the company’s speaker are likely to continue to build out their array with additional devices.", "\n\nAlso of interest is Sonos’ estimate that customers listen to roughly 70 hours of content per month. ", "Furthermore, customers listen to approximately 80 percent more music after purchasing their first Sonos device." ]

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[ "Low cholesterol level as risk factor for noncoronary death in middle-aged men.", "\nEighty-six deaths occurred zero to five years (mean, 2.5 years) after the screening investigation in 10,000 middle-aged men in Malmö, Sweden. ", "The men were 47 to 50 years old at the time of the screening and represented 75% of their total birth-year cohorts in Malmö. ", "The mortality showed two peaks, one at the higher end of the cholesterol distribution and the other and more pronounced one at the lower end of the cholesterol distribution. ", "The first peak corresponded to the cardiovascular deaths while the second peak corresponded to the noncoronary death causes, including alcohol-related deaths." ]

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[ "Species\n\nAcross Canada, habitat loss, pollution, invasive species, climate change, and unsustainable harvesting have pushed over 500 species dangerously close to extinction. ", "Species of every description, from lichens to leatherback turtles, whooping cranes to wood bison are at risk.", "\n\nEncouragingly, the peregrine falcon and the sea otter have made a comeback. ", "Less positively, the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC) assessed 18 new species as being at risk of extinction in Canada, including the black-footed albatross, basking shark and eastern flowering dogwood.", "\n\nWWF-Canada aims to tackle the global trade in endangered species through our international TRAFFIC program; and reduce the effects of climate change on species, especially on northern species such as polar bears." ]

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[ "TI9 team profile: Evil Geniuses - Sven on a cliff\n\nOnly six organizations will have the chance this year to claim a second Aegis of Champions. ", "One of them is Evil Geniuses, TI champions in 2015.", "\n\nFrom those glorious days, they have only Syed “SumaiL” Hassan left on the roster, however, they never stopped to dominate the NA region. ", "Evil Geniuses were in the TI open qualifiers spotlight twice since 2015 due to their tendency to solve an issue with a last minute roster change. ", "However, this year they stuck with the line-up they put together just ahead of TI8.", "\n\nEvil Geniuses roster for TI9:\n\nArtour “Arteezy” Babaev\n\nSyed “SumaiL” Hassan\n\nGustav “s4” Magnusson\n\nAndreas “Cr1t-” Nielsen\n\nTal “Fly” Aizik\n\ncredits: Epic Esports\n\nEG finished third in Vancouver at last year’s TI, a solid performance overall, but through the whole 2018-2019 Dota Pro Circuit season, they’ve never been able to go above third place. ", "There’s a couple of memes attached to their name from this season, all related to their results. ", "The inevitable 3rd place finish at the Majors of this season and the fact that they placed 3rd at 3 TI editions, (2014,2016 and 2018) have made their fans to talk about a third place curse. ", "If someone wants to go further with the speculations around number 3 being entangled with the EG fate, then we should also remind you that they have 3 European players on their roster. ", "The good news is that they didn’t lose their sense of humor when it comes down to things they seem to struggle moving over. ", "Recently, they accepted to buy all the cliffs on the Midas Mode Dota 2 map for $3,333.33. ", "The cliffs came into discussion also this season after Arteezy got stuck on a cliff in crucial moments, more often during some lower bracket final.", "\n\nBut in all seriousness, although EG have clearly dominated the NA region and they ended the season with a total of 6825, they clearly struggled against the top competitors. ", "The season ended absolutely disastrous for the NA juggernaut as they were eliminated from EPICENTER Major in the bottom four and going into TI9 they have several aspects they need to change in their game plan.", "\n\nSometimes it appeared like EG lacked cohesion and synergy between their cores. ", "Their drafts, but more importantly, their playstyle are extremely predictable. ", "The fact that they have in Arteezy a carry that plays heroes that take a lot of time to develop, farm intensive ones such as TerrorBlade, Spectre, Arc Warden and even Lifestealer, while they have one of the best mid laners at fast paced Dota, strains their tempo management. ", "Through the season, s4 has focused on offlane heroes that could carry the game early or at least survive in the frontline while Artour is still farming and is not able to join the fights. ", "However, towards the last three Majors in the Pro Circuit, everyone seemed to have understood what EG was doing and focused s4 extremely hard in the early-mid game while poking Arteezy every now and then in the jungle.", "\n\ncredits: StarLadder\n\nEvil Geniuses are heading to Shanghai with a 41% win rate versus Team Secret, 36% win rate versus Virtus.pro and 26% win rate versus Team Liquid, teams that they’ve faced in more than 10 official games this season. ", "Their good results against the Chinese squads were registered early in the season when the Asian scene was still dormant. ", "However, at ESL One Birmingham, a non-DPC event held just before EPICENTER, they got bested by Keen Gaming and PSG.LGD, which should only add some bullet points on the to do/fix list for the pre-TI9 bootcamp.", "\n\nEven though they are one of the six organizations that can possibly aim to a new record in the Dota 2 world by winning two TIs, Evil Geniuses are hard to be regarded as a true contender right now. ", "They need to dispel the 3rd place curse, but the beauty of the game is that nobody can clearly foresee who will win The International and the fact that Evil Geniuses don’t have a huge target on their backs can play to their advantage." ]

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[ "1. ", "Field of the Invention\nThis invention relates to an electronic device having a multi-layer structure such as a thin film semiconductor device, photovoltaic device, an image forming member for electrophotography, etc., ", "and a method for producing the same.", "\n2. ", "Related Background art\nIn the prior art, functional films, i.e., semiconductor thin films for electronic devices such as thin film semiconductor devices, imaging devices, etc., ", "particularly amorphous or polycrystalline semiconductor films, are formed individually by suitable film forming methods from the standpoint of desired physical characteristics, uses, etc.", "\nFor example, for formation of an amorphous or polycrystalline, i.e., non single crystalline, silicon film, which is optionally compensated for lone pair electrons with a compensating agent such as hydrogen atoms (H) or halogen atoms (X), etc., (", "hereinafter abbreviated as \"NON Si (H,X)\", particularly \"A-Si (H,X)\" when indicating amorphous silicon and \"poly-Si (H,X)\" when indicating polycrystalline silicon; the so-called microcrystalline silicon is included within the category of A-Si (H,X) as a matter of course), there have been employed the vacuum vapor deposition method, the plasma CVD (PCVD) method, the thermal CVD method, the reactive sputtering method, the ion plating method, the optical CVD method, etc. ", "Generally, the plasma CVD method has been widely used and industrialized.", "\nHowever, the reaction process during formation of a silicon film according to the plasma CVD method which has been generalized in the prior art is considerably complicated as compared with the CVD method of the prior art, and its reaction mechanism involves not a few unclear points. ", "Also, there are a large number of parameters for formation of a deposited film (for example, substrate temperature, flow rates and flow rate ratio of introduced gases, pressure during formation, high frequency power, electrode structure, structure of reaction vessel, evacuation rate, plasma generating system, etc.). ", "Because of the dependency on such a large number of parameters, the plasma which is formed may sometimes become unstable, which often leads to marked deleterious effects on the deposited film. ", "Besides, such parameters are characteristic of each apparatus and must be selected individually. ", "Therefore, under the present situation, it is difficult to standardize the production conditions.", "\nOn the other hand, for a silicon film to exhibit sufficiently satisfactory electrical or optical characteristics for particular uses, it is now accepted that the best way to form it is according to the plasma CVD method.", "\nHowever, depending on the application use of a silicon film, bulk production with reproducibility may be required with satisfactory results in terms of enlargement of area, uniformity of film thickness as well as uniformity of film quality, and therefore in the formation of silicon films according to the plasma CVD method, an enormous investment in the installation is indispensable for a bulk production apparatus and control means for such bulk production is complicated, with tolerance limits of control being narrow and control of apparatus being severe. ", "These are pointed out as problem to be improved in the future.", "\nAlso, in the case of the plasma CVD method, since plasma is directly generated by high frequencies, microwaves, etc., ", "in a film forming space in which a substrate for film formation thereon is placed, electrons or a number of other ionic species generated therein may damage a film being formed in the film forming process thereby lowering the film quality or causing non-uniformity of film quality.", "\nParticularly, in the case of producing an electronic device having a multi-layer structure, interface defects formed between the respective layers may cause worsening of the characteristics of the electronic device obtained. ", "There is shown in FIG. ", "4 an image forming member for electrophotography as an example, which member comprises a substrate 400 made of aluminum, consisting of a charge injection preventing layer (first layer, amorphous silicon doped with boron B) 401, a photosensitive layer (second layer, amorphous silicon not doped with impurities such as B) 402 and a surface protective layer (third layer, amorphous silicon carbide) 403 respectively deposited on substrate 400. ", "If all the layers are to be formed by the PCVD method, since the kinds of starting material gases, flow rates and plasma discharging intensity for formation of the respective deposited layers differ extremely from one another, effort is required to decrease the influence of the interfaces formed between the respective deposited layers, ordinarily by stopping the discharge between the steps for formation of the first layer and the second layer or for formation of the second layer and the third layer in order to completely exchange the gases, or if continuous production is to be employed, by providing a graded layer by varying gradually the kinds of gases, flow rates and plasma discharge intensity, or by providing separate deposition chambers for formation of the respective deposited layers separately. ", "In any case, ions generated in the plasma bombard a deposited layer thereby to increase defects. ", "Particularly, in producing an electronic device having a multi-layer constitution, the influence of ion bombardment in plasma is noticeably severe on the interfaces of respective layers. ", "For this reason, satisfactory improvement therein is required.", "\nAs described above, in the formation of silicon films, problems to be solved still remain, and it has been desired to develop a method for forming a deposited film which is capable of bulk production with conservation of energy by the use of an apparatus of low cost, while maintaining the characteristics as well as uniformity of the films at a practically applicable level. ", "Particularly, it has been desired to improve the interface characteristics of an electronic device having a multi-layer structure such as a thin film transistor, photovoltaic device, photosensitive member for electrophotography, etc." ]

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[ "This is my personal page. ", "My professional page is www.sciencenoise.org.", "I am no longer editor in chief of Science News. ", "I am a free-lance science journalist based in the Washington, D.C. area. ", "You can contact me at:\n\nMy BooksMy latest book, A Beautiful Math, was published in 2006 by the Joseph Henry Press of the National Academy of Sciences. ", "My first book, The Bit and the Pendulum, was published in 2000, and my second, Strange Matters, was published in 2002.", "\n\nBiographical information is available here, and links to some of my work are available here." ]

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[ "Autoantibody profiling of Chinese patients with autoimmune hepatitis using immunoproteomic analysis.", "\nIn the present study, immunoproteomic analysis was utilized to systemically characterize global autoantibody profiles in autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). ", "Sera from 21 patients with AIH and 15 healthy controls were analyzed for the antibody reactivity against the protein antigens of HepG2, a human hepatoma cell line. ", "The lysates of HepG2 cells were separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis and then immunoblotted with each serum sample. ", "Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry or/and nanoelectrospray ionization MS/MS were then used to identify antigens, among which a bifunctional enzyme in mitochondrial, fumarate hydratase (FH), was further analyzed by ELISA using recombinant FH as a coating antigen. ", "A total of 18 immunoreactive spots were identified as 13 proteins, 8 of which have not been reported in AIH. ", "Immune reactivity to FH was detected in 66.67% of patients with AIH, 19.35% of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), 12.31% of patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), 6.35% of patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC), 11.32% of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and 3.57% of normal individuals. ", "The differences of prevalence between AIH patients and healthy controls as well as other diseases were of statistical significance (P<0.001). ", "These data demonstrate the serological heterogeneity in AIH and suggest the diversity of the mechanisms underlying AIH. ", "FH, recognized mainly in AIH rather than in viral hepatitis and other autoimmune diseases, may have utility in improved diagnosis of AIH." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nContinued fraction representation of Zeta\n\nA question at math.", "SE is asking for references. ", " The fraction is quite nice! ", " Check it out and post some references if you know of any.", "\nI found this at arxiv, but it doesn't apply to Zeta.", "\n\nA:\n\nI found that H. J. Brothers is submiting an article with the tittle \"The Euler zeta function, continued fractions, and pi\" see here.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Induction of stalk and spore cell differentiation by cyclic AMP in slugs of Dictyostelium discoideum.", "\nMulticellular masses of the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum, under conditions which ordinarily suppress cell differentiation, develop clusters of stalk cells and spore cells when implanted with Sephadex particles that had been soaked in 5 X 10(-3)M cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP). ", "A possible relation exists between oxygen gradients, cyclic AMP gradients, and the pattern of morphogenesis and cell differentiation during fruiting." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "A quantitative assay method of Toxoplasma gondii HSP70 mRNA by quantitative competitive-reverse transcriptase-PCR.", "\nToxoplasma gondii (T. gondii)-derived heat shock protein 70 (T.g.", "HSP70) has been identified as a virulent molecule expressing only in T. gondii tachyzoites during lethal acute infection. ", "Therefore, it is of importance to determine the expression of T.g.", "HSP70 mRNA in a quantitative manner for analysis of virulence of T. gondii in tissues. ", "We have constructed a competitor T.g.", "HSP70 and have successfully established a quantitative competitive-reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (QC-RT-PCR) targeting T.g.", "HSP70 gene. ", "By using the established QC-RT-PCR method, we have demonstrated that the copy number of T.g.", "HSP70 mRNA per T. gondii tachyzoite was highest in the lung among the organs examined in interferon-gamma knockout (GKO) mice." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "Q:\n\nC++ Randomized Quick Sort Bug\n\nI'm trying to implement the quick sort algorithm but somehow Im having a bug and I just can't fint it, my randomizedPartition seems to be working fine. ", "Here is the code.", "\n#include <iostream>\n#include <cstdlib>\n#include <cmath>\n\nusing namespace std;\n\nint randomizedPartition(int *v, int start, int end);\nvoid quickSort(int *v, int start, int end);\nvoid swap(int *p, int *q);\nvoid print(int *v, int len);\n\nint main(int argc, char const *argv[]) {\n\n cout << \"QUICK SORT:\\n\" << endl;\n int v[] = {6, 4, 7, 3, 0, 1 , 2, 9, 19};\n int len = sizeof(v)/sizeof(int);\n\n cout << \"Before Sorting: \" << endl;\n print(v, len);\n cout << \"After Sorting: \" << endl;\n quickSort(v, 0, len - 1);\n print(v, len);\n\n return 0;\n}\n\nint randomizedPartition(int *v, int start, int end) {\n int len = (int) abs(end - start + 1);\n srand (time(NULL));\n int idx = rand() % len;\n cout << \"IDX RD: \" << idx << endl;\n int pivot = v[idx];\n swap(&v[start], &v[idx]);\n\n int i = start - 1;\n int j = start;\n\n for (int posi = start + 1; posi <= end; ++posi) {\n if(v[posi] <= pivot) {\n ++i;\n ++j;\n swap(&v[posi], &v[i]);\n swap(&v[posi], &v[j]);\n }\n }\n\n cout << \"Pivot: \" << pivot << endl;\n cout << \"Pivot Index: \" << (i + 1) << endl;\n return ++i;\n}\n\nvoid quickSort(int *v, int start, int end) {\n if (start < end) {\n int idx = randomizedPartition(v, start, end);\n print(v, end - start + 1);\n cout << \"Start: \" << start << endl;\n cout << \"End: \" << end << endl;\n cout << \"idx - 1: \" << idx - 1 << endl;\n cout << \"idx + 1: \" << idx + 1 << endl;\n quickSort(v, start, idx - 1);\n quickSort(v, idx + 1, end);\n }\n}\n\nvoid print(int *v, int len) {\n for (int i = 0; i < len; ++i) {\n cout << *(v + i) << \" \";\n }\n cout << \"\\n\" << endl;\n}\n\nvoid swap(int *p, int *q) {\n int temp = *p;\n *p = *q;\n *q = temp;\n}\n\nCan anyone help me to finde the bug ? ", "Here is one of the possible outputs:\nBefore Sorting: \n6 4 7 3 0 1 2 9 19 \n\nAfter Sorting: \nIDX RD: 2\nPivot: 7\nPivot Index: 6\n4 6 3 0 1 2 7 9 19 \n\nStart: 0\nEnd: 8\nidx - 1: 5\nidx + 1: 7\nIDX RD: 5\nPivot: 2\nPivot Index: 2\n0 1 2 6 3 4 \n\nStart: 0\nEnd: 5\nidx - 1: 1\nidx + 1: 3\nIDX RD: 1\nPivot: 1\nPivot Index: 1\n0 1 \n\nStart: 0\nEnd: 1\nidx - 1: 0\nidx + 1: 2\nIDX RD: 2\nPivot: 2\nPivot Index: 3\n0 1 6 \n\nStart: 3\nEnd: 5\nidx - 1: 2\nidx + 1: 4\nIDX RD: 1\nPivot: 1\nPivot Index: 4\n0 3 \n\nStart: 4\nEnd: 5\nidx - 1: 3\nidx + 1: 5\nIDX RD: 1\nPivot: 3\nPivot Index: 7\n0 9 \n\nStart: 7\nEnd: 8\nidx - 1: 6\nidx + 1: 8\n0 9 6 2 1 4 7 3 19\n\nA:\n\nYour index in randomizedPartition should be start + rand() % len, not just rand() % len.", "\nAlso, as a side note, your print function isn't actually doing what you want it to. ", "You want it to print the elements start through end, but it's actually printing 0 through end - start. ", "Your debugging process and your coding process in general would benefit from trying to keep things clean and simple. ", "The code is a bit of a mess right now which makes it harder to debug.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Foto: InquamPhotos.com\n\nACTUALIZARE 18.40. ", "Președintele Klaus Iohannis a semnat în această seară decretul „privind desemnarea domnului Dacian Cioloș în calitate de candidat la funcția de Prim-ministru, pentru a cere votul de încredere al Parlamentului asupra programului și listei noului Guvern, potrivit art. ", "103 alin. (", "2) din Constituția României, republicată”, anunță Administrația Prezidențială.", "\n\nCitiți și: C.T. Popescu: Dacian Cioloș să știe și să aibă în minte că e un premier pus la presiunea oamenilor\n\nACTUALIZARE 18.07. ", "Reacția PSD după desemnarea lui Dacian Cioloș în funcția de prim-ministru.", "\n\nACTUALIZARE 17.43. ", "Dacian Cioloș a ajuns la sediul Guvernului, unde discută cu premierul interimar Sorin Cîmpeanu.", "\n\nCitiți și: Portret. ", "Dacian Cioloș, tehnocratul apreciat mai mult la Bruxelles decât la Bucureşti\n\nACTUALIZARE 17.18. ", "Liviu Dragnea evită să prezinte o poziție oficială a PSD. ", "El spune că va aștepta să vadă echipa și programul premierului desemnat înainte de a anunța cum votează PSD la învestitură.", "\n\nACTUALIZARE 17.01. ", "Declarațiile președintelui:\n\nAm terminat astăzi a doua rundă de consultări cu partidele politice şi am ajuns la câteva concluzii importante. ", "În urma primei runde de consultări şi în urma consultării şi cu societatea civilă, şi cu foarte mulţi oameni care au fost în stradă, mi-am format o opinie şi vreau să v-o prezint şi dumneavoastră, pe scurt.", "\n\nDupă părerea mea, în această etapă, pentru a rezolva problema guvernării şi pentru a avea garanţia că vom avea o îmbunătăţire netă a performanţei clasei politice, este nevoie de un Prim-ministru independent sau tehnocrat, cum spunem de multe ori; o persoană curată, adică care să nu fi fost implicată în niciun fel de scandaluri, o persoană integră, o persoană care a dovedit practic că ştie să gestioneze sisteme şi situaţii complicate. ", "Este nevoie să fie promovaţi miniştri care sunt performanţi, care au dovedit această performanţă şi asupra cărora nu planează niciun dubiu. ", "Este nevoie de partide fără corupţi; este nevoie ca partidele politice să facă curăţenie în interior şi să nu promoveze în poziţii publice persoane care sunt suspectate de corupţie sau au fost vreodată implicate în acte de corupţie. ", "Avem nevoie cu toţii de alegeri corecte în 2016, alegeri locale corecte în primăvară şi alegeri parlamentare corecte în toamna anului 2016. ", "Avem în continuare mare nevoie de întărirea statului de drept. ", "Asta, tradus pentru partidele politice, înseamnă de exemplu ca, atunci când procurorii cer încuviinţări în Parlament, să primească aceste încuviinţări.", "\n\nEste nevoie de deschiderea competiţiei politice. ", "Nu putem să aşteptăm o îmbunătățire, o revigorare, a clasei politice doar din interiorul partidelor. ", "Este cu siguranţă nevoie şi de oameni noi. ", "Am spus acest lucru în multe întâlniri şi am încurajat oameni tineri să intre în politică. ", "Fără oameni noi, este greu de presupus că vom avea o clasă politică nouă. ", "Asta nu înseamnă că cei vechi trebuie să plece; cei vechi care sunt buni, sigur, e nevoie să rămână. ", "Dar trebuie să avem şi intrări noi în sistem.", "\n\nEste nevoie, după părerea mea, să afirm că România rămâne fermă pe calea europeană şi euro-atlantică. ", "Şi, de asemenea, după părerea mea, este nevoie ca orice Guvern vom avea, să fie sprijinit de Parlament, de partidele politice, pentru a lua măsuri care garantează o creştere economică sustenabilă.", "\n\nAceste lucruri le-am prezentat aseară şi astăzi şi partidelor politice. ", "Am întrunit o largă majoritate pe aceste teme. ", "A fost o situaţie interesantă pentru mine că partidele au înţeles imediat care este miza şi că este nevoie să găsim o soluţie împreună. ", "Această soluţie o văd eu într-un Guvern tehnocrat. ", "Partidele politice au agreat această idee, cu foarte puţine excepţii, şi am convingerea că este calea corectă pentru următorul an, până la alegerile parlamentare, când, cu siguranţă, vom avea un nou Parlament, un nou Guvern, şi intrăm într-o nouă etapă.", "\n\nAşadar, având în vedere toate acestea, îl desemnez pentru funcţia de Prim-ministru al României pe domnul Dacian Cioloş, pe care vi-l prezint!", "\n\nDeclarațiile lui Dacian Cioloș:\n\nMulţumesc, domnule Preşedinte, pentru încrederea pe care mi-o acordaţi şi doresc să-i asigur pe toţi cei care ne privesc acum că voi face tot ce-mi stă în putinţă pentru a mă ridica la înălţimea încrederii care mi-a fost acordată. ", "Sunt conştient de faptul că trecem printr-o perioadă, cred eu, cheie pentru societatea românească, o perioadă în care societatea a ajuns la un grad de maturitate care necesită o prezenţă publică a Guvernului, în aşa fel încât să asigure puntea de legătură între diferite instituţii ale statului, şi aş spune mai precis: între politic şi între societate. ", "Şi sunt conştient de faptul că acest lucru se aşteaptă de la viitorul Guvern, să fie în măsură să aibă urechea aplecată la cei care au idei nu doar pentru a ridica problemele cu care ne confruntăm, dar şi pentru a identifica soluţiile pentru a merge mai departe, şi în acelaşi timp să aibă acest Guvern înţelepciunea şi maturitatea să poată să lucreze cu Parlamentul, cu cei care sunt în măsură să ia deciziile care să ne permită să progresăm. ", "Cred că acest mod de lucru ne va dovedi maturitate şi ne va permite să schimbăm ceea ce este de schimbat în societate.", "\n\nSunt conştient, totodată, că un an de zile este o perioadă lungă, dar în acelaşi timp scurtă. ", "Este o perioadă lungă în sensul că n-o să ne putem limita doar la anumite acţiuni şi la anumite decizii strict administrative; pe de altă parte, este o perioadă prea scurtă pentru a declanşa şi pentru a finaliza reformele pe care foarte mulţi din societate le aşteaptă. ", "Am intenţia, însă, să deschid Guvernul şi administraţia guvernamentală spre societate, să ascultăm şi să pregătim decizii împreună şi, totodată, în măsura în care Parlamentul va decide să dea mandat acestui Guvern, voi lucra îndeaproape cu Parlamentul, cu grupurile politice din Parlament, chiar dacă vorbim de un Guvern de tehnocraţi, pentru a progresa împreună pe proiectele pe care o să le propunem.", "\n\nÎn perioada următoare o să vă rog să mă înţelegeţi, îmi voi concentra atenţia şi energia pentru a-mi forma echipa cu care vreau să merg în faţa Parlamentului, şi imediat ce această echipă va fi formată şi vom avea, sper eu, susţinerea majoritară în Parlament, o să putem discuta mai în detaliu legat de proiectele pe care le avem. ", "Oricum, pentru mine lucrul în echipă e esenţial, şi de aceea, înainte de a comunica prea mult legat de intenţiile pe care le am în această calitate în care am fost desemnat, vreau să-mi concentrez energia spre a-mi structura echipa, atât din punct de vedere al persoanelor şi al celor pe care o să-i invit să facă parte din Guvern, cât şi al conceptului de program de guvernare. ", "Vă mulţumesc şi sper să putem lucra împreună, în perioada următoare.", "\n\nACTUALIZARE 15.35. ", "Potrivit unor surse, Dacian Cioloş va fi desemnat premier. ", "El urmează să îşi formeze o echipă de tehnocraţi.", "\n\nPSD are propunerea sa - pe Liviu Voinea şi preferă să se comporte ca un partid de opoziţie. ", "Probabil nici ALDE nu îl va susţine. ", "Pe de altă parte, PNL, UDMR, UNPR şi minorităţile susţin punctul de vedere ale preşedintelui. ", "Ar fi suficente voturi pentru ca guvernul de tehnocraţi să îşi ducă activitatea până anul viitor când vor fi alegeri parlamentare.", "\n\nACTUALIZARE 13.20. ", "Preşedintele va anunţala ora 17.00 numele premierului.", "\n\nACTUALIZARE 12.30. ", "Călin Popescu Tăriceanu, copreşedinte ALDE: „Soluţia corectă din punct de vedere politic e aceea de a forma un guvern politic, premier politic cu miniştri care împreună alcătuiesc echipa care obţine susţinerea parlamentară. ", "Această formulă de guvern tehnocrat cu premier tehnocrat nu intră în opţiunile noastre, am fi preferat opţiunea politică”.", "\n\n\n\n\n\nACTUALIZARE 11.58. „", "Sunt momente importante pentru ţară, îl sprijinim ca întotdeauna pe preşedintele României.", "\n\nSunt convins că toate partidele politice, aşa e părerea UNPR, pentru stabilitatea României, vor sprijini propunerea preşedintelui.", "\n\nAm avut discuţii şi aseară cu domnul Dragnea, i-am spus, după ce am mers la Cotroceni, că în probleme importante, ca întotdeauna, îl sprijinim pe preşedinte.", "\n\nSuntem oameni consecvenţi, nu am dat jos guvernul Ponta, deşi putea fi avantajos pentru noi.", "\n\nPuteam să câştigăm pentru câteva luni de zile, dar eu, personal, şi UNPR pierdeam un brand, de a te ţine de cuvânt. ", "Este greu în viaţă dar mai ales în politică, să te ţii de cuvânt.", "\n\nEste greu în viaţă dar mai ales în politică, să te ţii de cuvânt.", "\n\nUNPR a mai trecut prin momente grele, nu a plecat niciun om din UNPR, vom fi a treia forţă politică din Parlament.", "\n\nIeri, după ce PSD a terminat consultările, m-am întâlnit cu Dragnea, i-am spus care e poziţia UNPR, îi apreciem foarte mult pe domnul Voinea, am spus că îl sprijinim pe preşedinte”, a declarat Gabriel Oprea.", "\n\nACTUALIZARE 11.20. ", "Kelemen Hunor, liderul UDMR: A doua rundă de consultări se conturează aşa cum am şi propus un guvern tehnocrat condus de un premier tehnocrat care va avea libertatea de a-şi alege cabinetul. ", "Noi am fi dorit un guvern tehnocrat până la alegeri anticipate aşa cum am şi propus săptămâna trecută, dar am înţeles că anticipatele din mai multe motive, din mai multe raţiuni nu pot fi organizate.", "\n\nReporter: Aţi avansat un nume de premier sau vi s-a avansat un nume?", "\n\nKelemen Hunor: Eu, săptămâna trecută am spus un lucru valabil în continuare, gen Dacian Cioloş, gen Bogdan Olteanu, nu am făcut o nominalizare pentru că e atributul preşedintelui.", "\n\nConsultările vor începe marți de la ora 11,00 cu reprezentanții Uniunii Democrate Maghiare din România (UDMR) și vor continua cu Uniunea Națională pentru Progresul României (UNPR) de la ora 11,30, Alianța Liberalilor și Democraților (ALDE) de la ora 12,00 și grupul parlamentar al minorităților naționale de la ora 12,30. ", "Luni, șeful statului a avut consultări cu PSD și PNL.", "\n\nPSD a propus varianta ca Liviu Voinea să fie desemnat premier și un guvern politic. ", "Președintele social-democraților și-a exprimat speranța că propunerea viceguvernatorului BNR pentru funcția de prim-ministru va fi susținută de colegii din coaliția de guvernare.", "\n\nÎn schimb, PNL a precizat că este de acord cu varianta unui guvern și a unui premier tehnocrat, așa cum a propus președintele Klaus Iohannis.", "\n\nLiberalii au renunțat la ideea organizării de alegeri anticipate în contextul în care majoritatea partidelor parlamentare nu au fost de acord.", "\n\nȘeful statului a avut săptămâna trecută prima rundă de consultări cu partidele și formațiunile parlamentare în vederea desemnării premierului.", "\n\nPrim-ministrul Victor Ponta a demisionat săptămâna trecută din funcție. ", "Șeful statului a semnat joia trecută decretul prin care a luat act de demisia acestuia. ", "Iohannis l-a numit pe Sorin Cîmpeanu premier interimar." ]

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[ "The effect of a split in WAIS-R VIQ and PIQ scores on patients with cognitive impairment and psychiatric illness.", "\nThis study examined the clinical effects of cognitive impairment on the course of patients who have a major psychiatric disorder. ", "Surprisingly, a statistical split between Verbal and Performance IQ on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised is not a marker for greater psychiatric morbidity." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nUse 0.5W speaker with PAM8302A cause speaker goes hot\n\nI'm using PAM8302a (datasheet) and an 8ohm, 0.5w speaker. ", "It seems the amplifier is too powerful for the speaker because the speaker's back turns hot after several seconds. ", "PAM8302a uses 5V and the speaker is directly connected to VO_P & VO_N pins. ", "How can I keep the maximum output with good quality and don't burn the speaker?", "\n 1uf __________\n----||----|100 ohm|---| | /|\n | PAM8302a |--- | | 0.5 W\n 1uf | |----| | 8 ohm\n----||----|100 ohm|---| | \\|\n __________\n\nA:\n\nThe PAM8302A is designed to be able to deliver 2.5 watts into a 4 ohm speaker from a 5 volt supply. ", "A speaker impedance of 8 ohms means potentially it will deliver more than 1.25 watts but your speaker is only rated at 0.5 watts.", "\nYou are over-powering your speaker.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Steady-state lithium blood level fluctuations in man following administration of a lithium carbonate conventional and controlled-release dosage form.", "\nA controlled-release lithium carbonate tablet was compared to an immediate release lithium carbonate capsule in normal volunteers. ", "These crossover studies at steady state showed that the tablet produced a smoother serum curve than the capsule with no loss of total bioavailability. ", "Quantitatively, the capsule produced about 1.4 times more fluctuation in serum lithium values than the tablet." ]

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[ "TerraVia files for bankruptcy, announces potential sale\n\nTerraVia voluntarily applied to restructure and has had a $20m “stalking horse” stock and asset purchase agreement offered.", "\n\nThe California-based nutrition, food and specialty ingredient company, which also producers an algae-based DHA feed ingredient, announced Wednesday that it had filed voluntary petitions for reorganization under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code in the US Bankruptcy Court.", "\n\nThecases​​ are pending in the US Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware, according to official documents. ", "The debtors listed on the documents include TerraVia Holdings, Solazyme Brazil and Solazyme Manufacturing 1.", "\n\nThe company also said that has entered into a “stalking horse”​ purchase agreement with Corbion NV. ", "If approved, that acquisition would transfer all TerraVia’s assets to the Netherlands-based company.", "\n\nAlgaPrime and fish oil replacement​\n\nPart of TerraVia’s work with algae includes the production of an algae-based docosahexaenoic (DHA) ingredient that can act as a replacement of fish oil in aqua feed - AlgaPrime DHA.", "\n\nThe company released the oil product in apartnership​​ with Bunge Limited in May 2016. ", "It was designed to meet the increasing need for omega-3s in fish feeds.", "\n\nGraham Ellis, TerraVia senior vice president of business development and strategic accounts, told us at that time. “", "It expands the long-term joint venture partnership and aligns with a core strategic growth business (food and feed) for both Bunge and TerraVia,”​ he added.", "\n\nHe said that was the joint venture’s first product for the animal nutrition market.", "\n\nThe company announced in March that it had scaled up production to meet increasing industry demand for the DHA product.", "\n\n“AlgaPrime DHA will play a critical role for us in 2017 and beyond. ", "The expanded distribution agreement with BioMar that we announced today sets the stage with an anchor customer with broad global reach. ", "Since scaling and making initial deliveries of our DHA product in mid-2016 marketplace interest and momentum have developed quickly,”​ said TerraVia CEO, Apu Mody on a conference call at that time.", "\n\nSale details​\n\nCorbion has offered $20m for TerraVia, and would assume certain liability, TerraVia said. “", "As part of the transaction, Corbion will be assuming the ongoing financial obligations of the business and its joint venture ownership, therefore the total financial commitment is expected to be in excess of the cash purchase price,” ​it added.", "\n\nHowever, the process also is expected to include a bidding option for other qualified bidders, said TerraVia. ", "There is a court-supervised process, where others could seek to purchase certain or all of the company’s assets that are being sold.", "\n\nThe sale is set to take from 60 to 90 days to complete, the company said.", "\n\nThe sale could be altered if TerraVia receives a higher offer as part of the Section 363 sale, said Corbion. “", "As TerraVia's operations are currently loss making, Corbion expects the total financial commitments to be substantially in excess of the cash purchase price,”​ it added.", "\n\nTerraVia also has established debtor-in-possession financing, which is to be used to offer working capital for the business while the sale is completed, the company said. ", "It also will support payments for vendors for “post-petition purchases.” ", "​\n\nIt is unclear what the filing and upcoming sale will mean for the company’s product production and DHA joint venture as the company said the event is not expected to interfere with its obligations.", "\n\n“The chapter 11 cases and the sale process should have no material impact on TerraVia's ability to fulfill its obligations to its customers and employees going forward,” ​the company said. “", "TerraVia has filed a series of motions with the Bankruptcy Court requesting authority to continue normal operations, including requesting Bankruptcy Court authority to continue paying employee wages and salaries, certain vendors and customer obligations in the ordinary course without interruption. ", "TerraVia will continue its efforts to work closely with its suppliers and partners to meet ongoing obligations and continue its business without interruption.” ", "​" ]

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