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README.md

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+APPEND X A
+
+CASES
+FOR
+
+ASSIGNMENTS
+
+ABACUS PRINTING B Orders are printed and become internal job tickets
+_— which are used to schedule and monitor work
+COMPANY progress. All order/job tickets go to the scheduler
+
+who sorts and prioritizes them to develop a produc-
+
+This case describes a currently manual process. Your 00 «hedule. Fach Monday, he gives the first person
+job is to automate the order processing, scheduling, i; the work chain (there are three possible sequences
+and customer service functions. Make sure you list of processing) the job tickets for completion that
+any assumption you make during analysis and eek As the week progresses, he adds to or changes
+design. oo } oo the schedule by altering the order and adding new
+
+Abacus Printing Company is a $20-million busi-  ickets to the stack of each person beginning a work
+
+ness owned and operated by three longtime friends. hain Fach job goes through the same basic steps:
+They are automating their order processing for the
+
+first time. Abacus Printing is located in Atlanta, Step 1. Perform requested manufacturing (i.e.
+Georgia and employs 20 people full-time. the engraving or printing work) accord-
+
+The owners are the sales force. The company ing to the job ticket instructions.
+1s set up so that each owner sells for a differ- Step 2. Verify quality of printed items and count
+ent, wholly-owned subsidiary (A Sub, B Sub, and output, that is, actual printed sheets of
+C Sub) to separate commissions and expenses for paper or envelopes. Write the actual
+tax purposes. Below is a description of the work to count of items to be shipped on the job
+be automated. ticket.
+
+Three clerks do order entry and customer service. Step 3. Update the order/job ticket with actual
+An order is given to one of the three clerks to be en- shipment information; print shipping
+tered into the order entry part of the system. Orders papers and invoices which reflect actual
+are batched by subsidiary for processing in the sys- shipments.
+tem. There is at least one batch per clerk per day. Step 4. Bundle, wrap, and ship the order.
+
+When a batch is complete, orders are printed. After
+
+orders are printed, the system should maintain indi- The updating of the order with actual shipment
+vidual orders for processing (i.e., the integrity of information may be done by either the shipping clerk
+the batch is no longer needed). or by the same person who entered the order. The
+
+790
+second printing ‘closes’ the order from any other
+changes and results in a multipart form being
+printed. Two of the parts are copies of the invoices,
+showing all prices and other charges with a total
+amount due. One invoice copy is sent to the cus-
+tomer; the other is filed for further processing by
+accounts receivable. The third part of the set of
+forms is the bill of lading, or shipping papers, that
+shows all information except money amounts. The
+fourth part of the form is filed numerically by
+invoice number in a sequential history file. The fifth
+part is filed in a customer file which is kept in
+alphabetic sequence.
+
+The system must allow order numbering by sub-
+sidiary company, and must be able to print different
+subsidiary name headers on the forms. The clerks
+batch orders so that only orders from one subsidiary
+are in each batch. Order types include recurring
+orders, blanket orders (which cover the year with
+shipments spaced out over the period), and orders
+with multiple ship-to addresses that differ from the
+sold-to addresses.
+
+When customers call to change or determine the
+status of an order, the clerk taking the call first
+checks the customer file to see if the order is com-
+plete. Then, he or she checks with the scheduler to
+see if the order is in the current day's manufacturing
+mix. If the order is not complete or scheduled, he or
+she manually searches current orders to find the
+paperwork. About 15% of customer calls are
+answered while the customer is on the phone. About
+80% require research and are answered with a call
+back within 30 minutes. The remaining 5% require
+tracking, which results in identifying an order taken
+verbally by a partner and never written down. Cus-
+tomers have been complaining of the lost orders and
+threatening to go elsewhere with their business.
+
+The current computer system is a smart type-
+writer and storage facility. The owner wants to pro-
+vide personal computer access via a local area
+network for the three partners, three clerks, two
+shipping staff, and one scheduler. He would like to
+eliminate the numerical and alphabetical paper filing
+systems but wants to maintain the information
+on-line indefinitely for customer service queries.
+
+The managers want ad hoc reporting access to the
+information at all times. The senior clerk is also the
+
+AOS Tracking System 791
+
+accounting manager and, along with the owner,
+should be allowed access to an override function to
+correct errors in the system. The other clerks should
+be allowed to perform data entry for order process-
+ing and actual goods shipped, and to print invoices/
+shipping papers. The shipping clerk should be al-
+lowed to perform order updates with actual goods
+shipped and to generate shipping papers with a final
+invoice. The scheduler should be allowed access to
+all outstanding orders to alter and schedule work for
+the manufacturing processes. No one else in the
+company should be allowed access to the system or
+to the data.
+
+AOS TRACKING
+SYSTEM
+
+The AOS case is a logical description of a desired
+application that also includes manual problems to
+be corrected.
+
+The manager of Administrative Office Services
+(AOS) wants to develop an automated application
+to track work through its departments. The depart-
+ments and services provided include: word process-
+ing and proofing, graphic design, copying, and
+mailing. Work can come into any of the departments,
+and any number of services might be combined. For
+instance, word processing and proofing can be the
+only service. Word processing, proofing, and graphic
+design might be combined. Another job might
+include all of the services.
+
+The current situation is difficult because each
+manager has some knowledge of the work in his or
+her own area, but not where work is once it leaves
+their area. Overall coordination for completing jobs
+using multiple services requires the AOS manager to
+give each department a deadline. Then, the AOS
+manager must track the jobs to ensure that they are
+completed and moved along properly.
+
+The basic work in each department is to receive
+a job, check staff availability based on work load and
+skills, assign staff, priority, and due date, and up-
+date job information (for instance, if the work is
+reassigned). Jobs are identified by a unique control
+number that is assigned to each job. Other job
+information maintained includes: requestor name,
+792 APPENDIX Cases for Assignments
+
+requestor phone, requestor budget code, manner of
+receipt (either fax, paper, or phone dictation), man-
+ner of delivery (either fax, paper, or phone dictation),
+and dates and times work is received, due, com-
+pleted, canceled, notified, and returned to requestor.
+
+A job consists of requests for one or more types
+
+of service. For each type of service, information
+must also be kept. Services include word processing
+and proofing, copying, graphic design, and mailing.
+
+Information kept for word processing and proof-
+ing services includes a description of the job, type
+of request (letter, memo, statistics, legal document,
+special project, chart, manual, labels, etc.), other ser-
+
+vices included with this request (i.e., copying,
+graphic design, mailing), software to be used (Word-
+Perfect, Harvard Graphics, Lotus, Bar Coding,
+Other), type of paper (logo, plain bond, user pro-
+vided, envelope, other), color of paper (white, pink,
+blue, green, buff, yellow, other), paper size (8.5" x
+11", 8.5" x 14", other), special characteristics(2-
+hole punch, 3-hole punch, other), type of enve-
+lope (letter, legal, letter window, legal window, bill,
+kraft 9" x 12", kraft 10" x 13", supplied by requestor,
+other), number of copies requested, user control
+number, dates/times required, started, completed,
+reassigned, proof started, proof completed, revisions
+started, and revisions completed.
+
+Information kept for copying includes the above
+except software and dates/times relating to proofing
+and revisions. In addition, keep requirements for col-
+lating, stapling, one-side or two-side, special formats
+(e.g., reduced 60% and put side-by-side in book
+format).
+
+Information kept for graphic design and mailing
+includes that for word processing, except type of
+envelope. The code schemes for type of request,
+paper, software, and special characteristics are dif-
+ferent from those used for word processing. For
+instance, paper for graphics refers to type of output
+media which might actually include slide, trans-
+parency, paper, envelope, video still, photograph,
+moving video, and so on. The type of request must
+be expanded to include the number of colors, spe-
+cific color selections, intended usage (intracompany,
+external, advertising, public relations, other) and
+level of creativity (i.e., user provides graphic and
+this department automates the design; user provides
+
+concept and this department provides several alter-
+native designs, etc.).
+
+Information kept for mailing includes requested
+completion date, and the dates and times requests
+were received, completed, and acknowledged back
+to requestor as complete. Other information includes
+whether or not address labels were provided, mailing
+list to be used (choice of four), number of pieces,
+method of mailing (e.g., zip+four, carrier route code,
+bar code, bulk, regular, special delivery, etc.), ma-
+chinery required (e.g., mail inserter, mail sorter,
+etc.), and source of mailing (e.g. word processing in
+AOS, user, other).
+
+As a department's staff gets an incoming job, it
+should be logged into the system, assigned a log
+number, and the job information should be entered
+into the system. In addition, the receiving depart-
+ment completes their service-specific information
+(e.g., typing) and identifies the sequence of depart-
+ments which will work on the job. As the individual
+departments get their task information, they com-
+plete the service-specific fields.
+
+Each department manager assigns a person to the
+task based on skills and availability. First, informa-
+tion matching service requests to staff skills should
+be done. Then, the staff with required skills should
+be ordered by their earliest availability date for
+assignment to the task. The system should allow
+tracking (and retrieval) of a task by job, department/
+task, person doing the work, date of receipt, due
+date, or user.
+
+The manager of AOS would like to receive a
+monthly listing of all comments received (usually
+they are complaints) and be able to query details of
+the job history to determine the need for remedial ac-
+tion. Comments should be linked to a job, service,
+user, and staff member.
+
+THE CENTER
+
+FOR CHILD
+
+DEVELOPMENT
+
+This case describes a currently manual process. The
+analysis and design task is to develop a new work
+
+TABLE 1 Client Card File Information
+
+Last Name
+First Name
+Middle Initial
+
+Fiscal Year
+
+Medicaid Number
+Family Identifier
+Line/Person Identifier
+Sex
+Year of Birth
+Diagnosis Code (NA)
+Issue Date
+
+Dates of Visits
+
+Fees per Week
+
+Amount Paid
+
+Balance Due (Updated Monthly)
+
+flow and automated system for as much of the Medi-
+caid payment process as possible.
+
+The Center for Child Development (CCD) is a
+not-for-profit agency that provides psychiatric coun-
+seling to children, serving approximately 600 clients
+per year. Each client has at least one visit to CCD per
+week when they are in therapy. Most often, the client
+has multiple visits to the center and to other agencies
+in one day (e.g., to CCD and, say, to a hospital).
+Medicaid reimburses expenses for only one such
+visit per day. This means that multiple appointments
+at CCD for a given day will have one appointment
+reimbursed; multiple claims on the same Medicaid
+number for the same day are paid on a first-in, first-
+paid basis by Medicaid. The current claims process-
+ing takes place monthly, for CCD to remain
+competitive, Medicaid processing must be done
+daily. To provide daily Medicaid processing, au-
+tomation of the process is required. The Medicaid
+Administration has arranged with personal computer
+owners to take claims in automated form on disk-
+ettes, provided that they conform to the information
+and format requirements of paper forms.
+
+To develop Medicaid claims, the business office
+clerk reviews the client card file to obtain Medicaid
+number and visit information for each client (see
+Table 1 for Client Card File Information and Table
+2 for Visit Card File Information recorded). Based
+
+The Center for Child Development 793
+
+on the card file information, Medicaid forms are
+completed: one per client with up to four visits listed
+on each form (see Table 3 for Medicaid information
+required). Most clients have multiple forms pro-
+duced because they have more than four visits to the
+center per month. Each form must be completed in
+its entirety (i.e., top and bottom) for Medicaid to
+process them (the forms cannot be batched by client
+with only variable visit information supplied).
+
+One copy of each form is kept and filed in a
+Medicaid-Pending Claims File. The other copies
+of the forms (or disks) are mailed to Medicaid for
+processing.
+
+About four to six weeks after submission of
+claims, Medicaid sends an initial determination
+report on each claim. The response media is either
+diskette or paper. Reconciliation of all paid amounts
+is done by manually matching the Medicaid report
+information with that from the original claim. If
+automated, report entries are in subscriber (i.e., CCD
+client) sequence. The paid claims are then filed in a
+Medicaid-Paid Claims File.
+
+Claims that are disputed by Medicaid (almost
+90% are pending on the initial report; of pending
+claims, 10-20% are ultimately denied) are re-
+searched and followed up with more information as
+required. Electronic reconciliation in other compa-
+nies reduces the 90%-pending to as few as 10%, thus
+speeding the reimbursement process. CCD has a
+contact at Medicaid with whom they work closely
+to resolve any problems.
+
+TABLE 2 Visit Information
+
+Day
+
+Date
+
+Type Appointment (i.e., Intake, Regular)
+Client Name
+
+Time of Appointment
+Single/Group Visit
+Amount Paid
+Amount Owed
+Insurance Company
+Medicaid (YIN)
+
+Last Date Seen
+Therapist
+
+794 APPENDIX Cases for Assignments
+
+TABLE 3
+
+Medicaid Claim Form Information
+
+Permanently Assigned Fields
+
+Information Completed by CCD
+
+Company Name (CCD)
+
+Invoice Number (Assigned by Medicaid, preprinted
+on the forms)
+
+Group ID Number (Not Applicable, i.e., NA)
+Location Code (03)
+
+Clinic (827)
+
+Category (0160)
+
+Number of Attachments (NA)
+Office Number (NA)
+
+Place of Service (NA)
+
+Social Worker Type (NA)
+Coding Method (6)
+Emergency (N, i.e., No)
+Handicapped (N)
+
+Disability {N)
+
+Family Planning (N)
+Accident Code (0)
+
+Patient Status (0)
+
+Referral Code (0)
+Abort/Sterile Code (0)
+
+Prior Approval Number (NA)
+
+Ignore Dental Insurance (Y)
+
+Billing Date (must be within 90 days of service)
+Recipient ID Number (Client Medicaid Number)
+Year of Birth
+
+Sex
+
+Recipient (Client) Name
+
+Social Worker License Number
+
+Name of Social Worker
+
+Primary/secondary diagnosis (Table look-up, 120 entries)
+Date of Service
+
+Procedure Code (This is a two-line entry to identify first
+the treatment payment on the first line and the treatment
+code on the second line.)
+
+Procedure Description
+
+Times Performed
+
+Amount
+
+Name of person completing the form
+
+Date
+
+(Information in parentheses is the permanent value of that field for CCD)
+
+COURSE
+REGISTRATION
+SYSTEM
+
+This case is a logical description of the desired
+application. Your task is to analyze and design the
+data and processes to develop an automated appli-
+cation to perform course registration.
+
+A student completes a registration request form
+and mails or delivers it to the registrar's office. A
+clerk enters the request into the system. First, the
+
+Accounts Receivable subsystem is checked to ensure
+that no fees are owed from the previous quarter.
+Next, for each course, the student transcript is
+checked to ensure that the course prerequisites are
+completed. Then, class position availability is
+checked; If all checks are successful, the student's
+social security number is added to the class list.
+
+The acknowledgment back to the student shows
+the result of registration processing as follows: If
+fees are owing, a bill is sent to the student; no regis-
+tration is done and the acknowledgment contains the
+amount due. If prerequisites for a course are not
+filled, the acknowledgment lists prerequisites not
+met and that course is not registered. If the class is
+full, the student acknowledgment is marked with
+‘course closed.' If a student is accepted into a class,
+the day, time, and room are printed next to the course
+number. Total tuition owed is computed and printed
+on the acknowledgment. Student fee information is
+interfaced to the Accounts Receivable subsystem.
+
+Course enrollment reports are prepared for the
+instructors.
+
+DR. PATEL'S
+
+DENTAL PRACTICE
+SYSTEM
+
+The dental practice uses a manual patient and billing
+system to serve approximately 1,100 patients. The
+primary components of the manual system are
+scheduling patient appointments, maintaining
+patient dental records, and recording financial infor-
+mation. Due to increased competitive pressure,
+Dr. Patel desires to automate his customer records
+and billing.
+
+New patients must complete the patient history
+form. The data elements are listed in Table 1. Then,
+at the first visit, the dentist evaluates the patient and
+completes the second half of the patient history in-
+formation with standard dental codes (there are
+2,000 codes) to record recommended treatments.
+The data elements completed by the dentist are listed
+as Table 2. The patient history form is filed in a
+manila folder, with the name of the patient as iden-
+tification, along with any other documents from sub-
+sequent visits.
+
+A calendar of appointments is kept by the secre-
+tary, who schedules follow-up visits before the
+patient leaves the office. The calendar data elements
+are shown as Table 3. Also, before the patient leaves,
+any bills, insurance forms, and amounts due are
+computed. The client may pay at that time, or may
+opt for a monthly summary bill. The secretary main-
+tains bill, insurance, and payment information with
+the patient history. Financial data elements are
+shown in Table 4. Every week, the secretary types
+mailing labels that are attached to appointment
+
+Dr. Patel's Dental Practice System 795
+
+TABLE 1
+
+Patient History Information
+
+Patient name
+Address
+City
+State
+Zip
+Home telephone
+Date of birth
+Sex
+Parent's name (if under 21) or emergency contact
+Address
+City, state, zip
+
+Telephone number
+Known dental problems (room for 1-3)
+
+Known physical problems (room for 1-3)
+Known drug/medication allergies (room for 1-3)
+
+Place of work name
+Address
+City
+State
+Zip
+Telephone number
+Insurance carrier
+City, state, zip
+Policy number
+
+Last dentist name
+Address
+City, state, zip
+
+Physician name
+City, state, zip
+
+TABLE 2 Dentist Prognosis Information
+
+Dentist performing evluation
+
+Date of evaluation
+
+Time of evaluation
+
+Recommended treatment (room for 1-10 diagnoses
+and treatments)
+
+Procedure code
+
+Date performed (completed when performed)
+
+Fee (completed when performed)
+
+reminder cards and mailed. Once per month, the sec-
+retary types and sends bills to clients with outstand-
+ing balances.
+796 APPENDIX Cases for Assignments
+
+TABLE 3 Appointment Calendar
+
+Patient name
+Horne telephone number
+Work telephone number
+Date of last service
+Date of appointment
+Time of appointment
+Type of treatment planned
+
+TABLE 4 Patient Financial Information
+
+Patient name
+Address
+City, state, zip
+Horne telephone number
+Work telephone number
+Date of service
+Fee
+Payment received
+Date of payment
+Adjustment
+Date of adjustment
+Outstanding balance
+Date bill sent
+Date overdue notice sent
+
+THE EAGLE
+ROCK GOLF
+
+LEAGUE
+
+This is a logical description of a desired application.
+The task is to analyze and design the data and pro-
+cesses required to track golfers and rounds of golf,
+including computation of match rankings.
+
+The members of the Eagle Rock Golf League reg-
+ularly compete in matches to determine their com-
+parative ability. A match is played between two
+golfers; each match either has a winner and a loser,
+or is declared a tie. Each match consists of a round of
+18 holes with a score kept for each hole. The person
+with the lowest gross score (gross score = sum of
+all hole scores) is declared the winner. If not a tie, the
+
+outcome of a match is used to update the ranking
+of players in the league: The winner is declared bet-
+ter than the loser and any golfers previously beaten
+by the loser. Other comparative rankings are left
+unchanged.
+
+The application should keep the following infor-
+mation about each golfer: name, club ID, address,
+home phone, work phone, handicap, date of last golf
+round, date of last golf match, and current match
+ranking.
+
+Each round of golf should also be tracked includ-
+ing golfer's club ID, name, scores for all 18 holes,
+total for the round, match indicator (i.e., Yes/No),
+match opponent ID (if indicator = Y), winner of the
+match, and date of the match. The application should
+allow golfers to input their own scores and allow any
+legal user to query any information in the system.
+Only the system should be allowed to change rank-
+ings. Errors in data entry for winters or losers should
+be corrected only by a club employee.
+
+GEORGIA BANK
+
+AUTOMATED TELLER ____ _
+MACHINE SYSTEM
+
+Georgia Bank describes an application to be devel-
+oped. The functional requirements are described at
+a high level of abstraction and the task is to do more
+detailed analysis or to begin design.
+
+The Georgia Bank is automating an automated
+
+teller machine (ATM) network to maintain its com-
+
+petitive position in the market. The bank currently
+processes all deposit and withdrawal transactions
+manually and has no capability to give up-to-the-
+minute balance information. The bank has 200,000
+demand-deposit account (DDA, e.g., checking ac-
+count) customers artd 100,000 time deposit (e.g.,
+savings account) customers. All customers have the
+same account prefix with a two-digit account type
+identifier as the suffix.
+
+The ATM system should provide for up to three
+transactions per customer. Transactions may be
+processed via ATM machines to be installed in each
+of the 50 branches and via the AVAIL™ network of
+Georgia banks. The system should accept an ATM
+identification card and read the ATM card number.
+The ATM card number is used to retrieve account in-
+formation including a personal ID number (PIN) and
+balances for each DDA and time account. The sys-
+tem should prompt for entry of the PIN and venfy its
+correctness. Then the system should prompt for type
+of transaction and verify its correctness.
+
+For DDA transactions, the system prompts for
+amount of money to be withdrawn. The amount
+is verified as available, and if valid, the system
+instructs the machine to dispense the proper amount
+which is deducted from the account balance. If the
+machine responds that the quantity of money
+required is not available, the transaction is aborted.
+A transaction acknowledgment (customer receipt)
+is created. If the amount is not available or is over
+the allowable limit of $250 per day per account, an
+error message 1s sent back to the machine with
+instructions to reenter the amount or to cancel the
+transaction.
+
+For time deposit transactions, the system prompts
+for amount of money to be deposited and accepts an
+envelope containing the transaction. The amount is
+added to the account balance in transit. A transaction
+acknowledgment is created.
+
+For account balances, the system prompts for
+type of account-ODA or time-and creates a report
+of the amount. At the end of all transactions, or at the
+end of the third transaction, the system prints the
+transaction acknowledgment at the ATM and cre-
+ates an entry in a transaction log for all transactions.
+All other processing of account transactions will
+remain the same as that used in the current DDA and
+time deposit systems.
+
+The customer file entries currently include cus-
+tomer ID, name(s), address, social security number,
+day phone, and for each account: account ID, date
+opened, current balance, link to transaction file
+(record of most recent transaction). The transaction
+file contains: account ID, date, transaction type,
+amount, source of transaction (i.e., ATM, teller ini-
+tials) and link to next most recent transaction record.
+The customer file must be modified to include the
+ATM ID and password. The transaction log file con-
+tains ATM ID, account ID, date, time, location,
+transaction type, account type, and amount.
+
+Summer's Inc. Sales Tracking System 797
+
+SUMMER'S INC.
+
+SALES TRACKING,
+SYSTEM
+
+This case describes a manual system for sales track-
+ing. Your design should include work procedures
+and responsibilities for all affected users.
+
+Summer's Inc. is a family-owned, retail office-
+product store in Ohio. Recently, the matriarch of the
+family sold her interest to her youngest son who is
+automating as much of their processing as possible.
+Since accounting and inventory management were
+automated two years ago, the next area of major
+paper reduction is to automate retail sales to floor
+processing.
+
+The sales floor has four salespersons who to-
+gether serve an average of 100 customers per day.
+There are over 15,000 items for sale, each available
+from as many as four vendors. The system should
+keep track of all sales, decrease inventory for each
+item sold, and provide an interface to the NR system
+for credit sales.
+
+A sale proceeds as follows. A customer selects
+items from those on display and may request order-
+ing of items that are not currently available. For
+those items currently selected, a sales slip is created
+containing at least the item name, manufacturer's
+item number (this is not the same as the vendor's
+number), retail unit price, number of units, type of
+units (e.g. each, dozen, gross, ream, etc.), extended
+price, sales tax (or sales exemption number), and
+sale total. For credit customers, the customer name,
+ID number, and purchaser signature are also
+included. The sales total is entered into a cash regis-
+ter for cash sales and the money is placed into the
+register. A copy of the sales slip is given to the cus-
+tomer as a receipt, and a copy is kept for Summer's
+records. For orders or credit sales, the information
+kept includes customer name, ID number, sale date,
+salesman initials, and all details of each sales slip.
+For credit sales, a copy of credit sale information
+should be in an electronic interface to the accounting
+system where invoices are created.
+
+In the automated system, both cash and credit
+sales must be accommodated, including the provi-
+sion of paper copy receipts for the client and for
+798 APPENDIX Cases for Assignments
+
+Summer's. The inventory database should be up-
+dated by subtracting quantity sold from units on
+hand for that unit type, and the total sales amount for
+the year-to-date sales of the item should be increased
+by the amount of the sale. The contents of the
+inventory database are shown in Table 1.
+
+TABLE 1
+Database
+
+Summer's Inc. Inventory
+
+General Item Information
+
+Item Name (e.g. Flair Marker, Fine-Point Blue; Flair
+Marker, Wide-Point Blue, etc.)
+Item Manufacturer
+Date began carrying item
+Units information*
+Unit tvpe (e.g, each, dozen, gross, etc.)
+Retail unit cost
+Units on order
+Units on hand
+Total units sold in 1993
+
+Vendor-Item Information*
+Vendor ID
+Vendor item ID
+Vendor-units information*
+Unit tvpe (e.g., each, dozen, gross, etc.)
+Last order date
+Discount schedule
+Wholesale unit cost
+
+Vendor General Information
+
+Vendor ID
+
+Vendor name
+
+Vendor address
+
+Terms
+
+Ship method
+
+Delivery lead time
+Item-Information
+Vendoritem ID
+Unit tvpe (e.g., each, dozen, gross, etc.)
+Last order date
+Discount schedule
+Wholesale unit cost
+
+(Note: Primary keys are underlined; repeating groups are identi-
+fied with a boldface name and an asterisk.)
+
+TECHNICAL
+
+CONTRACTING,
+INC.
+
+Technical Contracting, Inc. (TCI) describes a man-
+ual process to be automated. The data and processes
+are approximately equally complex; both require
+some analysis and design before the automated
+application can be designed. First, decide what
+information in the problem description is relevant
+to an automated application for client-contractor
+matching, then proceed with the assignment.
+
+TCI is a rapidly expanding business that contracts
+IS personnel to organizations that require specific
+technical skills in Dallas, TX. Since this business is
+becoming more competitive, Dave Lopez, the
+owner, wants to automate the processing of person-
+nel placement and resume maintenance.
+
+The files of applicant resumes and skills are
+coded according to a predefined set of skills. About
+10 new applicant resumes arrive each week. A clerk
+checks the suitability of the resume for the services
+TCI provides and returns unsuitable resumes with a
+
+letter to the applicant. The applicant is invited to
+reapply when they have acquired skills that are in
+high demand, several of which are listed in the letter.
+High-demand jobs are determined by counting the
+type of requests that have been received in the last
+month. Resumes of applicants are added to the file
+with skills coded from a table. There are currently
+200 resumes on file that are updated every six
+months with address, phone, skills, and project
+experience for the latest period. Most of the resume
+information is coded. There is one section per proj-
+ect for a text description. This section is free-form
+text and allows up to 2,500 characters of description.
+Client companies send their requests for special-
+ized personnel to TCI either by mail, phone, or per-
+sonal delivery. For new clients, one of TCI's clerks
+records client details such as name, ID, address,
+phone, and billing information. For each require-
+ment, the details of the job are recorded, including
+skill requirements (e.g., operating system, language,
+analysis skills, design skills, knowledge of file struc-
+tures, knowledge of DBMS, teieprocessing knowl-
+edge, etc.), duration of the task, supervisor name,
+supervisor level, decision authority name, level of
+difficulty, level of supervision required, and hourly
+rate. For established clients, changes are made as
+required.
+
+Once a day, applicant skills are matched to client
+requirements. Then Dave reviews the resumes and,
+based on his knowledge of the personalities in-
+volved, selects applicants for interviewing by the
+client company. When Dave selects an applicant, the
+resume is printed and sent with a cover letter. Dave
+follows up the letter with a phone call three days
+later. If the client decides to interview the appli-
+cant(s), Dave first prepares them with a sample
+interview, then they are interviewed by the client.
+
+Upon acceptance of an applicant, two sets of con-
+tracts are drawn up. A contract between TCI and the
+client company is developed to describe the terms
+of the engagement. These contracts can be compli-
+cated because they might include descriptions of dis-
+counts in billings that apply when multiple people
+are placed on the contract, or might include
+longevity discounts when contractors are engaged
+over a negotiated period of time. A contract between
+TCI and the applicant is developed to describe the
+terms of participation in the engagement. Basically,
+the applicant becomes an employee of Dave's orga-
+nization for the duration of the contract.
+
+TCI keeps information on demand for each type
+of skill, whether they provide people with the skill or
+not. Dave also monitors TCI performance in filling
+requests for each skill and evaluating lost contracts
+due to nonavailability of applicants (to raise his fees
+for those services, and to advertise for those skills).
+TCI advertises for applicants with specific skills
+when client demand for new skills reaches three re-
+quests in any one month, or when demand for skills
+already on file increases to such an extent that the
+company is losing more than three jobs per month.
+
+XV University Medical Tracking System 799
+
+XY UNIVERSITY
+
+MEDICAL
+
+TRACKING
+
+SYSTEM
+
+The XY University case is a brief logical description
+of a simple tracking system with a complex data
+structure. The key to a good design is to analyze and
+define the data and services properly.
+
+XY University student medical center serves a
+student population of 60,000 students and faculty in
+a large metropolitan area. Over 300 patients receive
+one or more medical services each day. The univer-
+sity has a new president who wishes to overhaul the
+existing medical support structure and modernize the
+facilities to improve the services. In order to plan
+for these changes, more information on which ser-
+vices are in fact used is required. The university
+wishes to develop a patient tracking system that
+traces each patient throughout their stay in school for
+each visit to the facility.
+
+Students and faculty are identified by their identi-
+fication numbers. They should be logged into the
+system (i.e, date, time, and ID) when they enter the
+facility. They may or may not have appointments.
+Then, some means of recording and entering infor-
+mation into the computer system must be provided
+for each of the following: station visited, medical
+contact person, type of contact (i.e., consultation,
+treatment, follow-up check, routine checkup, emer-
+gency, etc.), length of contact, diagnosis, treatment,
+medicine prescribed (i.e., name, brand, amount,
+dosage), and follow-up advised (yes/no). All infor-
+mation must be available for query processing and
+all queries must be displayed either at terminals or
+on printers.