{
"56ddde6b9a695914005b9628": "France",
"56ddde6b9a695914005b9629": "10th and 11th centuries",
"56ddde6b9a695914005b962a": "Denmark, Iceland and Norway",
"56ddde6b9a695914005b962b": "Rollo",
"56ddde6b9a695914005b962c": "10th century",
"56dddf4066d3e219004dad5f": "Roger II after conquering southern Italy on the Saracens and Byzantines",
"56dddf4066d3e219004dad60": "Richard I of Normandy",
"56dddf4066d3e219004dad61": "Christian piety, becoming exponents of the Catholic orthodoxy",
"56dde0379a695914005b9636": "Norseman, Viking",
"56dde0379a695914005b9637": "9th century",
"56dde0ba66d3e219004dad75": "911",
"56dde0ba66d3e219004dad76": "King Charles III",
"56dde0ba66d3e219004dad77": "Upper Normandy down to the river",
"56dde1d966d3e219004dad8d": "Rollo",
"56dde27d9a695914005b9651": "indigenous langue d'o\u00efl branch of Romance",
"56dde27d9a695914005b9652": "north",
"56dde2fa66d3e219004dad9b": "fighting horsemen",
"56de0f6a4396321400ee257f": "Pechenegs",
"56de0ffd4396321400ee258d": "1050s",
"56de0ffd4396321400ee258e": "1060s",
"56de0ffd4396321400ee258f": "Alexius",
"56de10b44396321400ee2593": "Oursel",
"56de10b44396321400ee2594": "Oursel",
"56de10b44396321400ee2595": "Armenians vassal-states",
"56de11154396321400ee25aa": "Norman mercenary origin",
"56de148dcffd8e1900b4b5bc": "Robert Guiscard",
"56de148dcffd8e1900b4b5bd": "February 1082",
"56de148dcffd8e1900b4b5be": "30,000",
"56de15104396321400ee25b7": "Bohemond to retreat from his campaign and sign a peace treaty with the Byzantines in the city of Deabolis",
"56de15104396321400ee25b8": "Bohemond",
"56de15104396321400ee25b9": "Deabolis",
"56de1563cffd8e1900b4b5c2": "1185",
"56de1563cffd8e1900b4b5c3": "Dyrrachium",
"56de1563cffd8e1900b4b5c4": "Adriatic",
"56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5c8": "Duke Richard II of Normandy",
"56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5c9": "Duke Richard II of Normandy",
"56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5ca": "Normandy",
"56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5cb": "Sweyn Forkbeard",
"56de1645cffd8e1900b4b5d0": "Harthacnut",
"56de1645cffd8e1900b4b5d1": "1041",
"56de1645cffd8e1900b4b5d2": "Robert of Jumi\u00e8ges",
"56de16ca4396321400ee25c5": "Battle of Hastings",
"56de16ca4396321400ee25c6": "Duke William II of Normandy",
"56de16ca4396321400ee25c7": "1066",
"56de16ca4396321400ee25c8": "Anglo-Saxons",
"56de1728cffd8e1900b4b5d7": "Latin language",
"56de179dcffd8e1900b4b5da": "1169",
"56de179dcffd8e1900b4b5db": "Bannow Bay",
"56de179dcffd8e1900b4b5dc": "Irish",
"56de17f9cffd8e1900b4b5e0": "King Malcolm III of Scotland",
"56de17f9cffd8e1900b4b5e1": "King Malcolm III",
"56de17f9cffd8e1900b4b5e2": "1072",
"56de17f9cffd8e1900b4b5e3": "son Duncan",
"56de3cd0cffd8e1900b4b6be": "Sybilla of Normandy",
"56de3cd0cffd8e1900b4b6bf": "Norman",
"56de3d594396321400ee26ca": "Hereford",
"56de3d594396321400ee26cb": "earl of Hereford",
"56de3d594396321400ee26cc": "Edward the Confessor had set up the aforementioned Ralph as earl of Hereford",
"56de3dbacffd8e1900b4b6d2": "Cheshire",
"56de3e414396321400ee26d8": "1018",
"56de3e414396321400ee26d9": "William of Montreuil",
"56de3ebc4396321400ee26e6": "1097",
"56de3ebc4396321400ee26e7": "Tancred",
"56de3ebc4396321400ee26e8": "Jerusalem",
"56de3efccffd8e1900b4b6fe": "380 years",
"56de3f784396321400ee26fa": "large fleet",
"56de3f784396321400ee26fb": "Berengaria",
"56de3f784396321400ee26fc": "1191",
"56de3f784396321400ee26fd": "Richard the Lion-hearted",
"56de40da4396321400ee2708": "Conrad of Montferrat",
"56de40da4396321400ee2709": "silver chains",
"56de40da4396321400ee270a": "Guy de Lusignan",
"56de49564396321400ee277a": "Lanzarote, Fuerteventura and El Hierro off the Atlantic coast of Africa",
"56de49a8cffd8e1900b4b7a7": "Bethencourt",
"56de49a8cffd8e1900b4b7a8": "Enrique P\u00e9rez de Guzm\u00e1n",
"56de49a8cffd8e1900b4b7a9": "Enrique P\u00e9rez de Guzm\u00e1n",
"56de4a474396321400ee2786": "Channel Islands",
"56de4a474396321400ee2787": "two",
"56de4a89cffd8e1900b4b7bd": "Romanesque",
"56de4a89cffd8e1900b4b7be": "rounded",
"56de4b074396321400ee2793": "Norman-Arab",
"56de4b074396321400ee2794": "Norman-Arab",
"56de4b074396321400ee2795": "Kingdom of Sicily",
"56de4b5c4396321400ee2799": "11th century",
"56de4b5c4396321400ee279a": "the dukes",
"56de4bb84396321400ee27a2": "16th century",
"56de4c324396321400ee27ab": "embroidery",
"56de4c324396321400ee27ac": "Bayeux Tapestry",
"56de4c324396321400ee27ad": "Odo, the Bishop of Bayeux and first Earl of Kent",
"56de51244396321400ee27ef": "sculptured fonts, capitals, and more importantly mosaics",
"56de51c64396321400ee27f7": "11th century",
"56de51c64396321400ee27f8": "William of Volpiano and John of Ravenna",
"56de52614396321400ee27fb": "southern Italy",
"56de52614396321400ee27fc": "Sant'Eufemia",
"56de52614396321400ee27fd": "Robert Guiscard",
"56de52614396321400ee27fe": "singing",
"56e16182e3433e1400422e28": "Computational complexity theory",
"56e16182e3433e1400422e29": "inherent difficulty",
"56e16182e3433e1400422e2a": "mechanical application of mathematical steps, such as an algorithm",
"56e16839cd28a01900c67887": "significant resources",
"56e16839cd28a01900c67888": "mathematical models of computation",
"56e16839cd28a01900c67889": "amount of communication",
"56e16839cd28a01900c6788a": "gates",
"56e16839cd28a01900c6788b": "cannot",
"56e17644e3433e1400422f40": "computability theory",
"56e17644e3433e1400422f41": "computational complexity theory",
"56e17644e3433e1400422f42": "computational complexity theory",
"56e17644e3433e1400422f43": "appropriately restricted resources",
"56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a1": "a problem instance",
"56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a2": "a problem",
"56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a3": "concrete utterance",
"56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a4": "output",
"56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a5": "solution",
"56e17e6ee3433e1400422f7f": "2000",
"56e17e6ee3433e1400422f80": "a round trip",
"56e17e6ee3433e1400422f81": "computational problems",
"56e181d9e3433e1400422fa0": "binary alphabet",
"56e181d9e3433e1400422fa1": "binary alphabet",
"56e181d9e3433e1400422fa2": "over an alphabet",
"56e181d9e3433e1400422fa3": "bitstrings must be suitably encoded",
"56e181d9e3433e1400422fa4": "adjacency matrices",
"56e190bce3433e1400422fc8": "Decision problems",
"56e190bce3433e1400422fc9": "yes or no",
"56e190bce3433e1400422fca": "yes or no",
"56e190bce3433e1400422fcb": "no",
"56e190bce3433e1400422fcc": "yes",
"56e19557e3433e1400422fee": "arbitrary graph",
"56e19557e3433e1400422ff0": "formal language",
"56e19557e3433e1400422ff1": "the set of all connected graphs",
"56e19724cd28a01900c679f6": "computational problem",
"56e19724cd28a01900c679f7": "single",
"56e19724cd28a01900c679f8": "integer factorization problem",
"56e19724cd28a01900c679f9": "the integer factorization problem",
"56e19724cd28a01900c679fa": "more complex",
"56e1a0dccd28a01900c67a2e": "decision problems",
"56e1a0dccd28a01900c67a2f": "triples",
"56e1a38de3433e140042305c": "size of the input in bits",
"56e1a38de3433e140042305d": "the instance",
"56e1a38de3433e140042305e": "a function of the size of the instance. This is usually taken to be the size of the input in bits",
"56e1a38de3433e140042305f": "bits",
"56e1a38de3433e1400423060": "increase",
"56e1a564cd28a01900c67a48": "Cobham",
"56e1a564cd28a01900c67a49": "the time taken can be expressed as a function of n. Since the time taken on different inputs of the same size can be different",
"56e1a564cd28a01900c67a4a": "worst-case time complexity T",
"56e1a564cd28a01900c67a4b": "the maximum time taken over all inputs of size n",
"56e1a564cd28a01900c67a4c": "time",
"56e1aba0e3433e1400423094": "A Turing machine",
"56e1aba0e3433e1400423095": "an algorithm",
"56e1aba0e3433e1400423097": "Turing machines",
"56e1aba0e3433e1400423098": "manipulates symbols",
"56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a68": "deterministic Turing machine",
"56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a69": "fixed set of rules",
"56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a6a": "randomized algorithms",
"56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a6b": "non-determinism",
"56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a6c": "randomized algorithms",
"56e1b00ce3433e140042309e": "complexity classes",
"56e1b00ce3433e140042309f": "when resources",
"56e1b00ce3433e14004230a1": "deterministic Turing machines",
"56e1b169cd28a01900c67a72": "random access machines",
"56e1b169cd28a01900c67a73": "random access machines. Perhaps surprisingly, each of these models can be converted to another without providing any extra computational power",
"56e1b169cd28a01900c67a74": "memory",
"56e1b169cd28a01900c67a75": "deterministically",
"56e1b355e3433e14004230b0": "non-deterministic Turing machine",
"56e1b355e3433e14004230b1": "more unusual resources",
"56e1b355e3433e14004230b2": "computational model",
"56e1b355e3433e14004230b3": "non-deterministic time",
"56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa3": "yes\" or \"no",
"56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa4": "n) that solves the problem. Since complexity",
"56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa5": "precise definition of what it means to solve a problem using a given amount of time and space",
"56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa6": "time f(n), if the time required by M on each input of length",
"56e1b754cd28a01900c67abc": "complexity",
"56e1b754cd28a01900c67abd": "computational",
"56e1b754cd28a01900c67abe": "Blum complexity axioms",
"56e1b754cd28a01900c67abf": "communication complexity, circuit complexity, and decision tree complexity",
"56e1b754cd28a01900c67ac0": "complexity measures used in complexity theory include communication complexity, circuit complexity, and decision tree complexity",
"56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e6": "worst and average case complexity refer to three different ways of measuring the time complexity (or any other complexity measure) of different inputs of the same size",
"56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e7": "time",
"56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e8": "time complexity",
"56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e9": "worst and average case complexity refer to three different ways of measuring the time complexity",
"56e1ba41cd28a01900c67ae0": "deterministic sorting algorithm quicksort",
"56e1ba41cd28a01900c67ae1": "worst-case is when the input is sorted or sorted in reverse order, and the algorithm takes time O(n2)",
"56e1ba41cd28a01900c67ae2": "time O(n2",
"56e1bc3ae3433e1400423104": "space consumption), one is interested in proving upper and lower bounds on the minimum amount of time required by the most efficient algorithm solving a given problem",
"56e1bc3ae3433e1400423105": "algorithms",
"56e1bc3ae3433e1400423106": "lower bounds",
"56e1bc3ae3433e1400423107": "upper bound T(n) on the time complexity of a problem, one needs to show only that there is a particular algorithm with running time",
"56e1bc3ae3433e1400423108": "space consumption",
"56e1bd4acd28a01900c67afc": "big O notation",
"56e1bd4acd28a01900c67afd": "constant factors and smaller terms",
"56e1bd4acd28a01900c67afe": "if T(n) = 7n2 + 15n + 40, in big O notation one",
"56e1bd4acd28a01900c67aff": "constant factors and smaller terms. This makes the bounds independent of the specific details of the computational model",
"56e1c0f6cd28a01900c67b2c": "complexity classes",
"56e1c0f6cd28a01900c67b2d": "complicated definitions that do not fit into this framework",
"56e1c0f6cd28a01900c67b2e": "complicated definitions",
"56e1c2eee3433e1400423134": "chosen machine model",
"56e1c2eee3433e1400423135": "quadratic time",
"56e1c2eee3433e1400423136": "single-tape Turing machines",
"56e1c2eee3433e1400423137": "Cobham-Edmonds",
"56e1c2eee3433e1400423138": "FP",
"56e1c3e1e3433e1400423148": "time or space",
"56e1c3e1e3433e1400423149": "complexity classes",
"56e1c3e1e3433e140042314a": "complexity classes",
"56e1c4fce3433e140042314e": "BPP, ZPP and RP",
"56e1c4fce3433e140042314f": "Boolean",
"56e1c4fce3433e1400423150": "quantum Turing machines",
"56e1c4fce3433e1400423151": "#P",
"56e1c4fce3433e1400423152": "Interactive",
"56e1c720e3433e140042316a": "computation time",
"56e1c720e3433e140042316b": "n2",
"56e1c720e3433e140042316c": "hierarchy theorems",
"56e1c720e3433e140042316d": "constraining the respective resources",
"56e1c720e3433e140042316e": "quantitative",
"56e1c7e2cd28a01900c67b74": "The time and space hierarchy theorems",
"56e1c7e2cd28a01900c67b75": "strictly contained in EXPTIME",
"56e1c7e2cd28a01900c67b76": "PSPACE",
"56e1c9bfe3433e1400423192": "a reduction",
"56e1c9bfe3433e1400423193": "A reduction",
"56e1c9bfe3433e1400423194": "Cook reductions, Karp reductions and Levin reductions, and the bound on the complexity",
"56e1c9bfe3433e1400423195": "Cook reductions, Karp reductions and Levin reductions",
"56e1c9bfe3433e1400423196": "log-space reductions",
"56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bac": "polynomial-time reduction",
"56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bad": "squaring an integer can be reduced to the problem of multiplying two integers",
"56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bae": "the reduction process",
"56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67baf": "square an integer. Indeed, this can be done by giving the same input",
"56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bb0": "multiplication",
"56e1ce08e3433e14004231a4": "type of reduction being used",
"56e1ce08e3433e14004231a5": "algorithm",
"56e1ce08e3433e14004231a6": "every problem",
"56e1ce08e3433e14004231a8": "hard problems",
"56e1d9fee3433e14004231cb": "NP-complete",
"56e1d9fee3433e14004231cc": "P",
"56e1d9fee3433e14004231cd": "polynomial",
"56e1d9fee3433e14004231ce": "\u03a01 would yield a polynomial-time solution to \u03a02",
"56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bca": "The complexity class P",
"56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bcb": "Cobham\u2013Edmonds thesis",
"56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bcc": "NP",
"56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bcd": "Boolean satisfiability problem",
"56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bce": "deterministic Turing machines",
"56e1ddfce3433e14004231d5": "wide implications of a solution",
"56e1ddfce3433e14004231d6": "protein structure prediction",
"56e1ddfce3433e14004231d8": "US$1,000,000",
"56e1ded7cd28a01900c67bd4": "Ladner",
"56e1ded7cd28a01900c67bd5": "NP-intermediate problems",
"56e1ded7cd28a01900c67bd6": "The graph isomorphism problem",
"56e1e9dfe3433e14004231fc": "The graph isomorphism problem",
"56e1e9dfe3433e14004231fd": "polynomial hierarchy",
"56e1e9dfe3433e14004231fe": "polynomial time hierarchy collapses to its second level. Since it is widely believed that the polynomial hierarchy",
"56e1e9dfe3433e14004231ff": "second level",
"56e1e9dfe3433e1400423200": "Laszlo Babai",
"56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0a": "integer factorization problem is the computational problem of determining the prime factorization of a given integer",
"56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0b": "k",
"56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0c": "RSA algorithm",
"56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0e": "No efficient integer factorization algorithm is known, and this fact forms the basis of several modern cryptographic systems, such as the RSA algorithm",
"56e1ee4de3433e1400423210": "collapse to one class",
"56e1ee4de3433e1400423211": "unequal",
"56e1ee4de3433e1400423212": "P and PSPACE",
"56e1ee4de3433e1400423214": "collapse to one class",
"56e1efa0e3433e140042321a": "co-NP",
"56e1efa0e3433e140042321b": "reversed",
"56e1efa0e3433e140042321c": "NP is not equal",
"56e1efa0e3433e140042321d": "complement problems",
"56e1f10ee3433e1400423222": "L",
"56e1f10ee3433e1400423223": "equal",
"56e1f10ee3433e1400423224": "NL and NC",
"56e1f10ee3433e1400423225": "NL and NC",
"56e1f10ee3433e1400423226": "NL and NC",
"56e1fc57e3433e140042322c": "intractable problems",
"56e1fc57e3433e140042322f": "complexity theory, problems that lack polynomial-time solutions are considered to be intractable for more than the smallest inputs",
"56e1fc57e3433e1400423230": "polynomial-time solutions",
"56e1febfe3433e1400423236": "Presburger",
"56e1febfe3433e1400423237": "decision problem in Presburger arithmetic has been shown not to be in P, yet algorithms",
"56e1febfe3433e1400423238": "NP-complete knapsack",
"56e1febfe3433e1400423239": "over a wide range of sizes in less than quadratic time",
"56e1febfe3433e140042323a": "NP-complete knapsack problem",
"56e200e4cd28a01900c67c14": "flexible simplification of a computer",
"56e200e4cd28a01900c67c15": "Alan Turing",
"56e200e4cd28a01900c67c16": "Turing machines",
"56e200e4cd28a01900c67c17": "1936",
"56e200e4cd28a01900c67c18": "robust and flexible simplification of a computer",
"56e202e9e3433e1400423240": "Fortnow & Homer",
"56e202e9e3433e1400423241": "Juris Hartmanis and Richard Stearns",
"56e202e9e3433e1400423242": "1965",
"56e202e9e3433e1400423243": "time and space complexity",
"56e202e9e3433e1400423244": "1965",
"56e2042ecd28a01900c67c1e": "John Myhill",
"56e2042ecd28a01900c67c1f": "1961",
"56e2042ecd28a01900c67c20": "Hisao Yamada",
"56e20a27cd28a01900c67c24": "input encoding",
"56e20a27cd28a01900c67c25": "choice of encoding",
"56e20a3ae3433e140042324a": "Manuel Blum",
"56e20a3ae3433e140042324b": "speed-up theorem",
"56e20a3ae3433e140042324d": "Reducibility",
"56e20a3ae3433e140042324e": "21",
"5705e26d75f01819005e76d4": "SoCal",
"5705e26d75f01819005e76d5": "eight",
"5705e26d75f01819005e76d6": "economic center",
"5705e26d75f01819005e76d7": "demographics and economic",
"5705e26d75f01819005e76d8": "demographics and economic ties",
"5705e33f52bb89140068964c": "Southern California Megaregion",
"5705e33f52bb89140068964d": "11",
"5705e33f52bb89140068964e": "Las Vegas, Nevada",
"5705e33f52bb89140068964f": "Tijuana",
"5705e33f52bb891400689650": "Tijuana",
"5705e3f252bb89140068966a": "Pacific coast from Ventura",
"5705e3f252bb89140068966b": "seven",
"5705e3f252bb89140068966c": "over 12 million",
"5705e3f252bb89140068966d": "Los Angeles",
"5705e3f252bb89140068966e": "over 3 million",
"5705e4fe75f01819005e7704": "Colorado Desert",
"5705e4fe75f01819005e7705": "Mojave Desert",
"5705e4fe75f01819005e7706": "Mojave Desert",
"5705e4fe75f01819005e7707": "Mexico\u2013United States border",
"5705e63175f01819005e7720": "southern California",
"5705e63175f01819005e7721": "3,792,621",
"5705e63175f01819005e7722": "Los Angeles",
"5705e63175f01819005e7723": "San Diego",
"5705e63175f01819005e7724": "southern",
"5705e99452bb891400689688": "Los Angeles",
"5705e99452bb891400689689": "Los Angeles, Orange, San Diego, San Bernardino, and Riverside",
"5705e99452bb89140068968a": "five most populous",
"5705e99452bb89140068968b": "15",
"5705e99452bb89140068968c": "Riverside",
"5705eb3375f01819005e7764": "Hollywood",
"5705eb3375f01819005e7765": "Los Angeles",
"5705eb3375f01819005e7766": "Walt Disney Company",
"5705eb3375f01819005e7767": "music",
"5705eb3375f01819005e7768": "Sony",
"5705ec1675f01819005e776e": "skateboard",
"5705ec1675f01819005e776f": "Shaun White",
"5705ec1675f01819005e7770": "Shaun White",
"5705ec1675f01819005e7771": "Malibu",
"5705ec1675f01819005e7772": "Transpacific Yacht Race, or Transpac",
"5705eccb52bb8914006896b8": "Palm Springs",
"5705eccb52bb8914006896b9": "popular beaches",
"5705eccb52bb8914006896ba": "southern",
"5705eccb52bb8914006896bb": "desert city of Palm Springs is popular for its resort feel and nearby open spaces",
"5705edcd52bb8914006896ca": "San Jose",
"5705edcd52bb8914006896cb": "11 miles (18",
"5705edcd52bb8914006896cc": "ten",
"5705edcd52bb8914006896cd": "Luis Obispo, Kern, and San Bernardino counties. Another definition for southern California uses Point",
"5705edcd52bb8914006896ce": "San Bernardino counties. Another definition for southern California uses Point",
"5705eee952bb8914006896de": "Mexico",
"5705eee952bb8914006896df": "Alta California",
"5705eee952bb8914006896e0": "Monterey",
"5705eee952bb8914006896e1": "the Compromise",
"5705eee952bb8914006896e2": "free",
"5705f09e75f01819005e77a4": "taxes",
"5705f09e75f01819005e77a5": "Californios (dissatisfied with inequitable taxes and land laws) and pro-slavery southerners in the lightly populated \"Cow Counties",
"5705f09e75f01819005e77a6": "three",
"5705f09e75f01819005e77a7": "75%",
"5705f09e75f01819005e77a8": "Luis Obispo County. The proposal was sent to Washington, D.C. with a strong advocate in Senator Milton Latham",
"5705f13d52bb8914006896f0": "Los Angeles Times",
"5705f13d52bb8914006896f1": "1900",
"5705f13d52bb8914006896f2": "1999",
"5705f13d52bb8914006896f3": "Imperial",
"5705f13d52bb8914006896f4": "seven",
"5705f36452bb891400689718": "regional tourism groups",
"5705f36452bb891400689719": "California State Automobile Association",
"5705f36452bb89140068971a": "three-region point of view",
"5705f36452bb89140068971b": "Tehachapis",
"5705f36452bb89140068971c": "San Bernardino Counties",
"5705f7c875f01819005e77dc": "Northeastern",
"5705f7c875f01819005e77dd": "vast areas",
"5705f7c875f01819005e77de": "automobiles and highways",
"5705f7c875f01819005e77df": "highways",
"5705f7c875f01819005e77e0": "urban environment, home to some of the largest",
"5705fb7f52bb891400689750": "Camp Pendleton",
"5705fb7f52bb891400689751": "Temecula and Murrieta",
"5705fb7f52bb891400689752": "the United States Census Bureau",
"5705fb7f52bb891400689753": "Orange",
"5705fb7f52bb891400689754": "1990s",
"5705fc3a52bb89140068976a": "Mediterranean",
"5705fc3a52bb89140068976b": "rain",
"5705fc3a52bb89140068976c": "90-60's",
"5705fc3a52bb89140068976d": "very rare",
"5705fc3a52bb89140068976e": "90-60's",
"5705fd8475f01819005e7840": "geologic, topographic, and natural ecosystem landscapes",
"5705fd8475f01819005e7841": "Pacific Ocean islands",
"5705fd8475f01819005e7842": "topographic",
"5705fd8475f01819005e7843": "Pacific Ocean islands, shorelines, beaches, and coastal plains",
"5705fd8475f01819005e7844": "Transverse and Peninsular",
"5705fec152bb89140068977a": "10,000",
"5705fec152bb89140068977b": "10,000",
"5705fec152bb89140068977c": "6.7",
"5705fec152bb89140068977d": "property",
"5705fec152bb89140068977e": "$20 billion",
"5705ffde52bb891400689784": "San Andreas Fault",
"5705ffde52bb891400689785": "6.7+ earthquake, such as the San Andreas Fault, which can produce a magnitude 8.0",
"5705ffde52bb891400689786": "Puente Hills Fault",
"5705ffde52bb891400689787": "USGS",
"5705ffde52bb891400689788": "USGS",
"570602fa52bb89140068979e": "economically",
"570602fa52bb89140068979f": "global",
"570602fa52bb8914006897a0": "economic",
"570603c475f01819005e7882": "2010",
"570603c475f01819005e7883": "high growth rates",
"570603c475f01819005e7884": "10.0%",
"570603c475f01819005e7885": "tech-oriented",
"570603c475f01819005e7886": "Sacramento",
"5706074552bb8914006897d4": "one international metropolitan area",
"5706074552bb8914006897d5": "two",
"5706074552bb8914006897d6": "five million",
"5706074552bb8914006897d7": "Southern Border",
"5706074552bb8914006897d8": "five million",
"570607f575f01819005e78b4": "Los Angeles",
"570607f575f01819005e78b5": "100,000",
"570607f575f01819005e78b6": "34",
"570607f575f01819005e78b7": "100,000",
"570607f575f01819005e78b8": "San Bernardino and Riverside",
"5706094b52bb8914006897de": "petroleum",
"5706094b52bb8914006897df": "Hollywood",
"5706094b52bb8914006897e0": "housing bubble",
"5706094b52bb8914006897e1": "diverse",
"5706094b52bb8914006897e2": "heavily",
"57060a1175f01819005e78d2": "1920s",
"57060a1175f01819005e78d3": "richest",
"57060a1175f01819005e78d4": "citrus",
"57060a1175f01819005e78d5": "citrus",
"57060a1175f01819005e78d6": "aerospace",
"57060a6e52bb8914006897f8": "major business districts",
"57060a6e52bb8914006897f9": "Central business districts",
"57060a6e52bb8914006897fa": "Downtown Los Angeles, Downtown San Diego, Downtown San Bernardino, Downtown Bakersfield, South Coast Metro and Downtown Riverside",
"57060cc352bb89140068980e": "major business districts",
"57060cc352bb89140068980f": "Long Beach",
"57060cc352bb891400689810": "San Fernando Valley",
"57060cc352bb891400689811": "Wilshire Boulevard Miracle Mile including Century City, Westwood and Warner Center in the San Fernando Valley",
"57060df252bb891400689820": "business",
"57060df252bb891400689821": "San Bernardino-Riverside",
"57060df252bb891400689822": "Hospitality Business/Financial Centre",
"57060eaf75f01819005e7910": "Orange County",
"57060eaf75f01819005e7911": "University of California, Irvine",
"57060eaf75f01819005e7912": "Irvine Tech Center",
"57060eaf75f01819005e7913": "South Coast Metro",
"57060eaf75f01819005e7914": "rapidly",
"57060f3e75f01819005e7922": "Downtown San Diego",
"57060f3e75f01819005e7923": "Northern San Diego",
"57060f3e75f01819005e7924": "North County",
"57060f3e75f01819005e7925": "Downtown San Diego",
"570610b275f01819005e792a": "Los Angeles International Airport",
"570610b275f01819005e792b": "passenger volume",
"570610b275f01819005e792c": "third",
"570610b275f01819005e792d": "San Diego International Airport",
"570610b275f01819005e792e": "Van Nuys Airport",
"5706111a52bb89140068984c": "Metrolink",
"5706111a52bb89140068984d": "Six of the seven",
"5706111a52bb89140068984e": "Six",
"5706111a52bb89140068984f": "Orange counties",
"570611c475f01819005e793c": "Los Angeles",
"570611c475f01819005e793d": "Port of Long Beach",
"570611c475f01819005e793e": "Southern California is also home to the Port of Los Angeles",
"5706139252bb891400689864": "The Tech Coast",
"5706139252bb891400689865": "world-renowned research",
"5706139252bb891400689866": "private institutions such as the California Institute of Technology",
"5706139252bb891400689867": "5",
"5706139252bb891400689868": "12",
"5706143575f01819005e7950": "NFL",
"5706143575f01819005e7951": "NBA (Los Angeles Lakers",
"5706143575f01819005e7952": "MLB (Los Angeles Dodgers, Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim, San Diego Padres",
"5706143575f01819005e7953": "Los Angeles Kings",
"5706143575f01819005e7954": "LA Galaxy",
"5706149552bb891400689880": "Chivas",
"5706149552bb891400689881": "two",
"5706149552bb891400689882": "2014",
"5706149552bb891400689883": "StubHub Center",
"5706149552bb891400689884": "2018",
"570614ff52bb89140068988a": "College sports",
"570614ff52bb89140068988b": "USC Trojans",
"570614ff52bb89140068988c": "UCLA Bruins",
"570614ff52bb89140068988d": "Pac-12",
"570614ff52bb89140068988e": "USC Trojans",
"5706155352bb891400689894": "Rugby",
"5706155352bb891400689895": "high school level",
"5706155352bb891400689896": "adding rugby as an official school sport",
"57092322efce8f15003a7db0": "BSkyB",
"57092322efce8f15003a7db1": "BSkyB",
"57092322efce8f15003a7db2": "2014",
"57092322efce8f15003a7db3": "British Sky Broadcasting Group plc changed its name to Sky plc",
"57092322efce8f15003a7db4": "British Sky Broadcasting Limited to Sky UK Limited",
"57094a79efce8f15003a7dc4": "2006",
"57094a79efce8f15003a7dc5": "two",
"57094a79efce8f15003a7dc6": "Sky",
"57094a79efce8f15003a7dc7": "\u00a31.3bn",
"57094b4f9928a814004714f6": "ONdigital consortium",
"57094b4f9928a814004714f7": "ONdigital consortium",
"57094b4f9928a814004714f8": "three",
"57094b4f9928a814004714f9": "Sky Three",
"57094b4f9928a814004714fa": "Pick TV",
"57094ca7efce8f15003a7dd6": "Sky+ PVR",
"57094ca7efce8f15003a7dd7": "September 2007",
"57094ca7efce8f15003a7dd8": "pay a monthly fee",
"57094ca7efce8f15003a7dd9": "January 2010",
"57094ca7efce8f15003a7dda": "women",
"57094d489928a8140047150a": "VideoGuard pay-TV",
"57094d489928a8140047150b": "NDS",
"57094d489928a8140047150c": "Cisco Systems company",
"57094d489928a8140047150d": "BSkyB",
"57094d489928a8140047150e": "PVR) offering (branded Sky",
"570953a7efce8f15003a7dfe": "2007",
"570953a7efce8f15003a7dff": "basic channels",
"570953a7efce8f15003a7e00": "increased the asking price",
"570953a7efce8f15003a7e01": "Video On Demand content",
"570953a7efce8f15003a7e02": "HD channels",
"570960cf200fba1400367f01": "July 2013",
"570960cf200fba1400367f02": "31 July 2013",
"570960cf200fba1400367f03": "SkyDrive cloud storage service",
"570960cf200fba1400367f04": "SkyDrive cloud storage service",
"570960cf200fba1400367f05": "cloud storage",
"570961aa200fba1400367f15": "Sam Chisholm and Rupert Murdoch",
"570961aa200fba1400367f16": "Astra",
"570961aa200fba1400367f17": "27 September 2001",
"570961aa200fba1400367f18": "Sky Digital platform",
"570961aa200fba1400367f19": "400,000 new subscribers, with the majority taking at least one premium channel as well, which helped BSkyB reach 3.5 million",
"570963a5200fba1400367f33": "British Sky Broadcasting",
"570963a5200fba1400367f34": "British telecommunications",
"570963a5200fba1400367f35": "11 million",
"570963a5200fba1400367f36": "Freeview",
"57096505ed30961900e84082": "Sky Q Hub",
"57096505ed30961900e84083": "Sky Q Silver set top boxes",
"57096505ed30961900e84084": "a Wi-Fi or Power-line",
"57096505ed30961900e84085": "2016",
"57096505ed30961900e84086": "2016",
"570966e0200fba1400367f4f": "DVB-compliant MPEG-2",
"570966e0200fba1400367f50": "Dolby Digital soundtracks",
"570966e0200fba1400367f51": "MPEG-4 and most of the HD material uses the DVB-S2 standard",
"570966e0200fba1400367f52": "OpenTV",
"570966e0200fba1400367f53": "DVB-S2 standard",
"570967c4ed30961900e840ba": "1998",
"570967c4ed30961900e840bb": "Astra 2A",
"570967c4ed30961900e840bc": "Eutelsat's Eurobird 1",
"570967c4ed30961900e840bd": "hundreds",
"570967c4ed30961900e840be": "28.5\u00b0",
"5709686c200fba1400367f77": "22 May 2006",
"5709686c200fba1400367f78": "40,000",
"5709686c200fba1400367f79": "Thomson",
"5709686c200fba1400367f7a": "17,000",
"5709686c200fba1400367f7b": "31 March 2012, Sky announced the total number of homes with Sky+HD was 4,222,000",
"57096b66200fba1400367fa7": "8 February 2007",
"57096b66200fba1400367fa8": "March",
"57096b66200fba1400367fa9": "digital terrestrial",
"57096b66200fba1400367faa": "Virgin Media",
"57096b66200fba1400367fab": "English Premier League Football",
"57096c95200fba1400367fbb": "unencrypted",
"57096c95200fba1400367fbc": "monthly subscription",
"57096c95200fba1400367fbd": "VideoGuard",
"57096c95200fba1400367fbe": "LNB",
"57096c95200fba1400367fbf": "Sky service",
"57096e1ced30961900e84102": "autumn of 1991",
"57096e1ced30961900e84103": "ITV",
"57096e1ced30961900e84104": "\u00a318m",
"57096e1ced30961900e84105": "The BBC",
"57096e1ced30961900e84106": "\u00a3304m",
"57096f37200fba1400367fe5": "Ofcom",
"57096f37200fba1400367fe6": "\u00a315\u2013100,000",
"57096f37200fba1400367fe7": "no",
"57096f37200fba1400367fe8": "not",
"57096f37200fba1400367fe9": "not carry any control over the channel's content or carriage",
"57097051ed30961900e84132": "1 October 1998",
"57097051ed30961900e84133": "Sky Digital",
"57097051ed30961900e84134": "Sky Digital",
"57097051ed30961900e84135": "ONdigital (later ITV Digital) terrestrial offering and cable services",
"57097051ed30961900e84136": "100,000",
"57097141200fba1400367ff9": "2007",
"57097141200fba1400367ffa": "Virgin Media",
"57097141200fba1400367ffb": "Video On Demand service",
"57097141200fba1400367ffc": "BBC HD",
"57097141200fba1400367ffd": "Channel 4",
"57097b50200fba140036804d": "10 million",
"57097b50200fba140036804e": "36%",
"57097b50200fba140036804f": "August 2004",
"57097b50200fba1400368050": "36%",
"57097b50200fba1400368051": "flattened",
"57097c8fed30961900e841f2": "a \"Welfare",
"57097c8fed30961900e841f3": "essentials",
"57097c8fed30961900e841f4": "damaging",
"57097c8fed30961900e841f5": "claimants' \"Sky TV bills",
"57097c8fed30961900e841f6": "subscription to sports channels would betray a man's presence in the household",
"57097d63ed30961900e841fc": "\u00a330m",
"57097d63ed30961900e841fd": "no indication as to whether the new deal includes the additional Video On Demand and High Definition content which had previously been offered by BSkyB",
"57097d63ed30961900e841fe": "Virgin Media",
"57097d63ed30961900e841ff": "BSkyB",
"57097d63ed30961900e84200": "against each other relating to the carriage of their respective basic channels",
"570d2417fed7b91900d45c3d": "diversified",
"570d2417fed7b91900d45c3e": "second",
"570d2417fed7b91900d45c3f": "fourth",
"570d2417fed7b91900d45c40": "Melbourne",
"570d2417fed7b91900d45c41": "Melbourne Cricket Ground",
"570d2556fed7b91900d45c47": "Bendigo",
"570d2556fed7b91900d45c48": "New South Wales",
"570d2556fed7b91900d45c49": "Buckland Valley",
"570d2556fed7b91900d45c4a": "1,000",
"570d2556fed7b91900d45c4b": "cramped and unsanitary",
"570d26efb3d812140066d48f": "multi-member proportional",
"570d26efb3d812140066d490": "eight",
"570d26efb3d812140066d491": "five",
"570d26efb3d812140066d492": "lower house members",
"570d26efb3d812140066d493": "November every four years",
"570d28bdb3d812140066d4a3": "Labor",
"570d28bdb3d812140066d4a4": "Labor is strongest in Melbourne's working class western and northern suburbs, and the regional cities of Ballarat, Bendigo and Geelong. The Liberals",
"570d28bdb3d812140066d4a5": "Nationals",
"570d28bdb3d812140066d4a6": "centre-left Australian Labor Party",
"570d28bdb3d812140066d4a7": "environmentalist Australian Greens",
"570d29c2b3d812140066d4bd": "61.1%",
"570d29c2b3d812140066d4be": "26.7%",
"570d29c2b3d812140066d4bf": "Buddhism",
"570d29c2b3d812140066d4c0": "61.1%",
"570d29c2b3d812140066d4c1": "26.7%",
"570d2af0fed7b91900d45c93": "south-east",
"570d2af0fed7b91900d45c94": "second",
"570d2af0fed7b91900d45c95": "second",
"570d2af0fed7b91900d45c96": "Melbourne",
"570d2af0fed7b91900d45c97": "second-largest",
"570d2c20fed7b91900d45ca7": "Koori",
"570d2c20fed7b91900d45ca8": "1788",
"570d2c20fed7b91900d45ca9": "Sullivan Bay",
"570d2c20fed7b91900d45caa": "Sullivan Bay",
"570d2c20fed7b91900d45cab": "1803",
"570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbb": "More than 26,000 square kilometres",
"570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbc": "More than 50%",
"570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbd": "6,000 square kilometres",
"570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbe": "90%",
"570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbf": "270,000",
"570d2f5bfed7b91900d45ccf": "1975",
"570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd0": "1855 colonial constitution",
"570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd1": "Parliament of Victoria",
"570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd2": "entrenched\" provisions that require either an absolute majority",
"570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd3": "Victoria Constitution Act 1855",
"570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce3": "hot winds blowing from nearby semi-deserts",
"570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce4": "32 \u00b0C",
"570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce5": "hot winds blowing from nearby semi-deserts",
"570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce6": "2\u20137 \u00b0C",
"570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce7": "7 February 2009",
"570d32e4fed7b91900d45d01": "Victorian schools are either publicly or privately funded",
"570d32e4fed7b91900d45d02": "Victoria Department of Education",
"570d32e4fed7b91900d45d03": "levied",
"570d32e4fed7b91900d45d04": "Roman Catholic Church",
"570d32e4fed7b91900d45d05": "government-set curriculum",
"570d3468b3d812140066d543": "Ford, Toyota and Holden",
"570d3468b3d812140066d544": "October 2016",
"570d3468b3d812140066d545": "May 2013",
"570d3468b3d812140066d546": "October 2016",
"570d3468b3d812140066d547": "Toyota and Holden",
"570d35b7b3d812140066d54d": "almost 2,000 m",
"570d35b7b3d812140066d54e": "Mount Bogong",
"570d35b7b3d812140066d54f": "1,986 m",
"570d35b7b3d812140066d550": "river",
"570d35b7b3d812140066d551": "flower), Leadbeater's possum (state animal) and the helmet",
"570d391fb3d812140066d575": "The Victorian Alps",
"570d391fb3d812140066d576": "Great Dividing Range",
"570d391fb3d812140066d577": "east-west",
"570d391fb3d812140066d578": "0 \u00b0C",
"570d391fb3d812140066d579": "\u221211.7 \u00b0C",
"570d4030fed7b91900d45d9f": "private and public railway operators",
"570d4030fed7b91900d45da0": "Great Southern Rail",
"570d4030fed7b91900d45da1": "Victorian Government",
"570d4030fed7b91900d45da2": "CFCL Australia",
"570d4030fed7b91900d45da3": "electrified, passenger",
"570d418dfed7b91900d45dbd": "37",
"570d418dfed7b91900d45dbe": "12",
"570d418dfed7b91900d45dbf": "Legislative Assembly",
"570d418dfed7b91900d45dc0": "Legislative Council",
"570d418dfed7b91900d45dc1": "Linda Dessau",
"570d4329fed7b91900d45dd7": "1 July 1851",
"570d4329fed7b91900d45dd8": "1851",
"570d4329fed7b91900d45dd9": "shallow alluvial goldfield",
"570d4329fed7b91900d45dda": "sevenfold",
"570d4329fed7b91900d45ddb": "20 million",
"570d44abb3d812140066d5fd": "1,548",
"570d44abb3d812140066d5fe": "489",
"570d44abb3d812140066d5ff": "540,800",
"570d44abb3d812140066d600": "63,519",
"570d44abb3d812140066d601": "61 per cent",
"570d4606b3d812140066d619": "Victoria",
"570d4606b3d812140066d61a": "3 million",
"570d4606b3d812140066d61b": "60%",
"570d4606b3d812140066d61c": "two-thirds",
"570d4606b3d812140066d61d": "Asia",
"570d47b8b3d812140066d62d": "1,600 mm",
"570d47b8b3d812140066d62e": "1,435 mm",
"570d47b8b3d812140066d62f": "760 mm",
"570d47b8b3d812140066d630": "mountainous areas",
"570d47b8b3d812140066d631": "five",
"570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e13": "1788",
"570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e14": "New Holland",
"570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e15": "New Holland",
"570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e16": "Sydney",
"570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e31": "1854",
"570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e32": "Eureka Stockade",
"570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e33": "government of Victoria",
"570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e34": "hated mining licence fees",
"570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e35": "Colony of Victoria Act 1855",
"570d4e6cb3d812140066d66d": "political party or coalition",
"570d4e6cb3d812140066d66e": "cabinet",
"570d4e6cb3d812140066d66f": "representatives elected to either house of parliament",
"570d4e6cb3d812140066d670": "Daniel Andrews",
"570d4e6cb3d812140066d671": "sets the legislative and political agenda",
"570d50a5fed7b91900d45e7d": "17% to $8.7 billion",
"570d50a5fed7b91900d45e7e": "17% to $8.7 billion",
"570d50a5fed7b91900d45e7f": "32,463",
"570d50a5fed7b91900d45e80": "52,500 sq mi) of Victorian land. This comprises more than 60%",
"570d50a5fed7b91900d45e81": "60%",
"570d529fb3d812140066d6bb": "tourism",
"570d529fb3d812140066d6bc": "tourism and sports tourism",
"570d529fb3d812140066d6bd": "Melbourne",
"570d529fb3d812140066d6be": "regional cities",
"570d529fb3d812140066d6bf": "SurfClassic and the Bright Autumn Festival",
"57105da9a58dae1900cd699e": "southern and central parts of France",
"57105da9a58dae1900cd699f": "one-eighth",
"57105da9a58dae1900cd69a0": "1562 to 1598",
"57105da9a58dae1900cd69a1": "Edict of Nantes",
"57105da9a58dae1900cd69a2": "Edict of Nantes, which granted the Huguenots substantial religious, political and military autonomy",
"57106185b654c5140001f8db": "derision",
"57106185b654c5140001f8dc": "Besan\u00e7on Hugues",
"57106185b654c5140001f8dd": "Geneva",
"57106185b654c5140001f8de": "John Calvin's adopted home and the centre of the Calvinist movement. In Geneva, Hugues",
"57106185b654c5140001f8df": "1560",
"57106644b654c5140001f8e5": "the Reformed church",
"57106644b654c5140001f8e6": "1294",
"57106644b654c5140001f8e7": "Guyard de Moulin",
"57106644b654c5140001f8e8": "1487",
"57106644b654c5140001f8e9": "Paris",
"57106d2fb654c5140001f8ef": "villes de s\u00fbret\u00e9",
"57106d2fb654c5140001f8f0": "Montpellier",
"57106d2fb654c5140001f8f1": "1622",
"57106d2fb654c5140001f8f2": "1598",
"57106d2fb654c5140001f8f3": "1598",
"571077ecb654c5140001f909": "Cape of Good Hope",
"571077ecb654c5140001f90a": "Cape Town",
"571077ecb654c5140001f90b": "Maria de la Queillerie",
"571077ecb654c5140001f90c": "Good Hope. The largest portion of the Huguenots",
"571077ecb654c5140001f90d": "1689",
"57107932a58dae1900cd69ca": "1624",
"57107932a58dae1900cd69cb": "Jess\u00e9 de Forest",
"57107932a58dae1900cd69cc": "Saint-Esprit",
"57107932a58dae1900cd69cd": "Saint-Esprit",
"57107932a58dae1900cd69ce": "Amsterdam",
"57107a3ea58dae1900cd69de": "Charleston, South Carolina",
"57107a3ea58dae1900cd69df": "Charleston",
"57107a3ea58dae1900cd69e0": "1697",
"57107a3ea58dae1900cd69e1": "Edmund Bellinger",
"57107a3ea58dae1900cd69e2": "Pons",
"57107c24a58dae1900cd69e8": "William III of Orange",
"57107c24a58dae1900cd69e9": "King of England",
"57107c24a58dae1900cd69ea": "League of Augsburg",
"57107c24a58dae1900cd69eb": "Dutch Republic, which led the opposition to Louis XIV, as the most attractive country for exile after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes",
"57107c24a58dae1900cd69ec": "1672",
"57107d73b654c5140001f91d": "Edict of Fontainebleau",
"57107d73b654c5140001f91e": "1685",
"57107d73b654c5140001f91f": "Fontainebleau",
"57107d73b654c5140001f920": "500,000",
"57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f2": "Catholic Church",
"57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f3": "St. Bartholomew's Day massacre",
"57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f4": "5,000 to 30,000",
"57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f5": "attempted to meet for worship",
"57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f6": "political reasons",
"57108073b654c5140001f925": "the Huguenot rebellions",
"57108073b654c5140001f926": "southwestern France, between 1621 and 1629. revolted against royal authority",
"57108073b654c5140001f927": "1621 and 1629",
"57108073b654c5140001f928": "Henry IV",
"57108073b654c5140001f929": "Louis XIII",
"57108198b654c5140001f937": "one million",
"57108198b654c5140001f938": "2%",
"57108198b654c5140001f939": "Alsace",
"57108198b654c5140001f93a": "Alsace in northeast France and the C\u00e9vennes mountain region",
"57108198b654c5140001f93b": "Australia",
"57108c95b654c5140001f979": "New Rochelle",
"57108c95b654c5140001f97a": "New Rochelle",
"57108c95b654c5140001f97b": "New Paltz",
"57108c95b654c5140001f97c": "Huguenot Street Historic District",
"57108c95b654c5140001f97d": "New Rochelle",
"57108d69b654c5140001f983": "Dutch Republic",
"57108d69b654c5140001f984": "75,000 to 100,000",
"57108d69b654c5140001f985": "ca. 2 million",
"57108d69b654c5140001f986": "West",
"57108d69b654c5140001f987": "Edict of Nantes",
"57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1a": "Huguon",
"57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1b": "King Hugo",
"57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1c": "le roi Huguet",
"57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1d": "pr\u00e9tendus r\u00e9form\u00e9s",
"57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1e": "night",
"571090abb654c5140001f995": "Canterbury",
"571090abb654c5140001f996": "Weavers, a half-timbered house",
"571090abb654c5140001f997": "weavers",
"571090abb654c5140001f998": "Faversham",
"571090abb654c5140001f999": "a half-timbered house",
"57109180a58dae1900cd6a40": "Dublin, Cork, Youghal and Waterford",
"57109180a58dae1900cd6a41": "Cork City",
"57109180a58dae1900cd6a42": "Dublin",
"57109180a58dae1900cd6a43": "a High Sheriff",
"57109180a58dae1900cd6a44": "1696",
"57109275b654c5140001f99f": "The exodus of Huguenots from France created a brain drain",
"57109275b654c5140001f9a0": "Huguenot descent lived in the British colonies, and many participated in the British defeat of New France",
"57109275b654c5140001f9a1": "non-Catholics",
"57109275b654c5140001f9a2": "North American front of the Seven Years' War",
"57109275b654c5140001f9a3": "1759",
"571093aba58dae1900cd6a5c": "Henry of Navarre",
"571093aba58dae1900cd6a5d": "1598",
"571093aba58dae1900cd6a5e": "Catholicism",
"571093aba58dae1900cd6a5f": "founding of new Protestant churches",
"571093aba58dae1900cd6a60": "French",
"571094b7a58dae1900cd6a66": "education of children as Catholics, and prohibited emigration",
"571094b7a58dae1900cd6a67": "forbade Protestant services, required education of children as Catholics, and prohibited emigration",
"571094b7a58dae1900cd6a68": "Four thousand",
"571094b7a58dae1900cd6a69": "Catholics",
"571094b7a58dae1900cd6a6a": "New York and Virginia",
"571095a8a58dae1900cd6a76": "Switzerland",
"571095a8a58dae1900cd6a77": "1555",
"571095a8a58dae1900cd6a78": "Fort Coligny",
"571095a8a58dae1900cd6a79": "1560",
"571095a8a58dae1900cd6a7a": "declaration of faith to express their beliefs to the Portuguese. This was their death sentence. This document, the Guana",
"5710968aa58dae1900cd6a86": "Afrikaans",
"5710968aa58dae1900cd6a87": "brandy distillers",
"5710968aa58dae1900cd6a88": "Western Cape province",
"5710968aa58dae1900cd6a89": "Huguenot",
"571097baa58dae1900cd6a98": "Paul Revere",
"571097baa58dae1900cd6a99": "Paul Revere",
"571097baa58dae1900cd6a9a": "North America worships in Charleston, South Carolina",
"571097baa58dae1900cd6a9b": "Manakin",
"571097baa58dae1900cd6a9c": "Texas",
"571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab2": "British lace industry",
"571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab3": "Bucks Point",
"571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab4": "Bucks Point",
"571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab5": "eighteenth century",
"571099b2b654c5140001f9b3": "Dorotheenstadt and Friedrichstadt",
"571099b2b654c5140001f9b4": "one-fifth",
"571099b2b654c5140001f9b5": "protest against the occupation of Prussia",
"571099b2b654c5140001f9b6": "1806-07",
"571099b2b654c5140001f9b7": "Fredericia",
"5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b26": "England, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Norway, Denmark, and Prussia",
"5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b27": "the rugged C\u00e9vennes region in the south",
"5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b28": "Camisards",
"5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b29": "Huguenots rioted against the Catholic Church in the region, burning churches and killing clergy",
"5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b2a": "1702 and 1709",
"5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b30": "Jacksonville",
"5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b31": "Jean Ribault",
"5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b32": "Fort Caroline",
"5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b33": "French naval",
"5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b34": "1564",
"5710eb6fb654c5140001fa17": "Charlesfort",
"5710eb6fb654c5140001fa18": "Southeastern U.S., and founded the outpost of Charlesfort on Parris Island, South Carolina",
"5710eb6fb654c5140001fa19": "Pedro Men\u00e9ndez de Avil\u00e9s, who established the settlement of St. Augustine near Fort Caroline. Men\u00e9ndez",
"5710eb6fb654c5140001fa1a": "1562",
"5710eb6fb654c5140001fa1b": "The Wars of Religion",
"5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3a": "Virginia",
"5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3b": "Lower Norfolk County",
"5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3c": "Norfolk County",
"5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3d": "390",
"5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3e": "1700",
"5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2b": "1568\u20131609",
"5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2c": "Spain",
"5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2d": "Apologie\" of William the Silent",
"5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2e": "William the Silent",
"5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2f": "Calvinist",
"5710f114a58dae1900cd6b60": "Foreign Protestants Naturalization Act",
"5710f114a58dae1900cd6b61": "1708",
"5710f114a58dae1900cd6b62": "50,000",
"5710f114a58dae1900cd6b63": "Andrew Lortie",
"5710f114a58dae1900cd6b64": "Pope",
"5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b72": "Williamite war",
"5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b73": "William of Orange",
"5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b74": "Dublin, Cork, Portarlington, Lisburn, Waterford and Youghal",
"5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b75": "Irish",
"5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b76": "linen",
"5710f4b8b654c5140001fa45": "Prince Louis de Cond\u00e9",
"5710f4b8b654c5140001fa46": "Count Ludwig von Nassau-Saarbr\u00fccken",
"5710f4b8b654c5140001fa47": "glass-making works",
"5710f4b8b654c5140001fa48": "1890s",
"5710f4b8b654c5140001fa49": "1604",
"5711119cb654c5140001fae3": "England, Wales, Scotland, Denmark, Sweden, Switzerland, the Dutch Republic, the Electorate of Brandenburg and Electorate of the Palatinate",
"5711119cb654c5140001fae4": "Protestant",
"5711119cb654c5140001fae5": "Dutch Cape Colony",
"5711119cb654c5140001fae6": "Quebec",
"5711119cb654c5140001fae7": "worship freely",
"571112ada58dae1900cd6bcc": "Hugues Capet",
"571112ada58dae1900cd6bcd": "Hugues Capet",
"571112ada58dae1900cd6bce": "Janet Gray",
"571112ada58dae1900cd6bcf": "Hugues Capet, king of France",
"571112ada58dae1900cd6bd0": "the French language",
"57111380a58dae1900cd6bd6": "Jacques Lefevre",
"57111380a58dae1900cd6bd7": "Reformed church",
"57111380a58dae1900cd6bd8": "1530",
"57111380a58dae1900cd6bd9": "William Farel",
"57111380a58dae1900cd6bda": "William Farel",
"57111428b654c5140001faff": "24 August \u2013 3 October 1572",
"57111428b654c5140001fb00": "Catholics",
"57111428b654c5140001fb01": "thousands",
"57111428b654c5140001fb02": "October. An amnesty granted in 1573",
"57111429b654c5140001fb03": "between 3,000",
"571114cfb654c5140001fb09": "Louis XIV",
"571114cfb654c5140001fb0a": "convert",
"571114cfb654c5140001fb0b": "convert",
"571114cfb654c5140001fb0c": "closed Huguenot schools and excluded them from favored professions",
"571114cfb654c5140001fb0d": "dragonnades",
"5711163bb654c5140001fb13": "Westchester",
"5711163bb654c5140001fb14": "New Rochelle",
"5711163bb654c5140001fb15": "John Pell",
"5711163bb654c5140001fb16": "La Rochelle",
"5711163bb654c5140001fb17": "Paul's Episcopal Church, which contains heirlooms including the original bell",
"57111713a58dae1900cd6c00": "adapted quickly and often married outside their immediate French communities, which led to their assimilation",
"57111713a58dae1900cd6c01": "numerous contributions to United States economic life, especially as merchants and artisans in the late Colonial and early Federal periods",
"57111713a58dae1900cd6c02": "French first names and surnames",
"57111713a58dae1900cd6c03": "quickly",
"57111713a58dae1900cd6c04": "Lavoisier",
"571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0a": "Pierre Bayle",
"571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0b": "Rotterdam",
"571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0c": "multi-volume masterpiece, Historical and Critical Dictionary",
"571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0d": "US Library of Congress",
"571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0e": "Nicolas, similar to the Dutch Sint",
"57111992b654c5140001fb43": "The French Protestant Church of London",
"57111992b654c5140001fb44": "1550",
"57111992b654c5140001fb45": "Soho Square",
"57111992b654c5140001fb46": "Shoreditch",
"57111992b654c5140001fb47": "1724",
"57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c3c": "Lutheran",
"57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c3d": "Frankfurt), in modern-day Saarland",
"57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c3e": "Edict of Potsdam",
"57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c3f": "Elector of Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia",
"57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c40": "Altpreu\u00dfische Infantry Regiments",
"57111b95a58dae1900cd6c50": "Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg",
"57111b95a58dae1900cd6c51": "Theodor Fontane",
"57111b95a58dae1900cd6c52": "ace Adolf Galland",
"57111b95a58dae1900cd6c53": "Maizi\u00e8re",
"57111b95a58dae1900cd6c54": "Federal Minister",
"57112686b654c5140001fbd3": "solar power",
"57112686b654c5140001fbd4": "Rankine cycle",
"57112686b654c5140001fbd5": "steam within a boiler operating at a high pressure",
"57112686b654c5140001fbd6": "high pressure",
"57112686b654c5140001fbd7": "external combustion",
"571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb2": "the atmospheric engine",
"571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb3": "Thomas Newcomen",
"571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb4": "1712",
"571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb5": "steam pump",
"571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb6": "Papin",
"571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc4": "United Kingdom",
"571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc5": "21 February 1804",
"571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc6": "Pen-y-darren ironworks, near Merthyr Tydfil to Abercynon in south Wales",
"571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc7": "south Wales",
"571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc8": "south",
"571135b8a58dae1900cd6d0e": "The Rankine cycle and most practical steam engines have a water pump",
"571135b8a58dae1900cd6d0f": "multi-stage centrifugal pumps",
"571135b8a58dae1900cd6d10": "1850s",
"571135b8a58dae1900cd6d11": "steam locomotives",
"571135b8a58dae1900cd6d12": "steam jet",
"57113639a58dae1900cd6d18": "three or four",
"57113639a58dae1900cd6d19": "triple and quadruple expansion engines",
"57113639a58dae1900cd6d1a": "19th",
"57113639a58dae1900cd6d1b": "triple-expansion engine popular with large passenger liners (such as the Olympic class), but this was ultimately replaced by the virtually vibration-free turbine",
"57113639a58dae1900cd6d1c": "19th century, the Yarrow",
"571136b8a58dae1900cd6d22": "variable cutoff expansion",
"571136b8a58dae1900cd6d23": "Joy",
"571136b8a58dae1900cd6d24": "lengthening rubbing surfaces of the valve",
"57113ba6b654c5140001fc1f": "Lead fusible plugs",
"57113ba6b654c5140001fc20": "the temperature of the firebox crown increases significantly, the lead melts and the steam escapes",
"57113ba6b654c5140001fc21": "the temperature of the firebox crown increases significantly, the lead melts and the steam escapes",
"57113ba6b654c5140001fc22": "manually suppress the fire",
"57113ba6b654c5140001fc23": "dampening the fire",
"57113be3a58dae1900cd6d28": "James Watt",
"57113be3a58dae1900cd6d29": "rotary motion",
"57113be3a58dae1900cd6d2a": "ten",
"57113be3a58dae1900cd6d2b": "1883",
"57113be3a58dae1900cd6d2c": "Industrial Revolution",
"57113c6da58dae1900cd6d32": "first century AD",
"57113c6da58dae1900cd6d33": "Greek mathematician Hero of Alexandria",
"57113c6da58dae1900cd6d34": "Greek mathematician",
"57113c6da58dae1900cd6d35": "Giovanni Branca",
"57113c6da58dae1900cd6d36": "1606",
"57113f83b654c5140001fc29": "compound engines",
"57113f83b654c5140001fc2a": "expansions",
"57113f83b654c5140001fc2b": "shipping",
"57113f83b654c5140001fc2c": "expansions, with double and triple expansion engines being common, especially in shipping where efficiency was important to reduce the weight of coal",
"57113f83b654c5140001fc2d": "reciprocating (piston) steam engines, with shipping in the 20th-century relying upon the steam turbine",
"571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5a": "steam turbines",
"571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5b": "late",
"571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5c": "several hundred",
"571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5d": "90%",
"571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5e": "electric power",
"571144d1a58dae1900cd6d6e": "burning combustible materials",
"571144d1a58dae1900cd6d6f": "combustion chamber",
"571144d1a58dae1900cd6d70": "industrial process",
"571144d1a58dae1900cd6d71": "electric",
"57114667a58dae1900cd6d80": "steam engine indicator",
"57114667a58dae1900cd6d81": "1851",
"57114667a58dae1900cd6d82": "Charles Porter",
"57114667a58dae1900cd6d83": "Charles Richard",
"57114667a58dae1900cd6d84": "London Exhibition",
"5711475ca58dae1900cd6d8a": "90\u00b0 out of phase",
"5711475ca58dae1900cd6d8b": "180\u00b0",
"5711475ca58dae1900cd6d8c": "90\u00b0",
"5711488ab654c5140001fc3d": "counterflow",
"5711488ab654c5140001fc3e": "two",
"5711488ab654c5140001fc3f": "one",
"5711488ab654c5140001fc40": "four",
"5711488ab654c5140001fc41": "expansion",
"57114aceb654c5140001fc47": "rotary",
"57114aceb654c5140001fc48": "counterflow",
"57114aceb654c5140001fc49": "rotary steam engine where steam intakes in hot areas, while exhaust",
"57114b1a2419e31400955575": "An oscillating cylinder steam engine is a variant of the simple expansion steam engine",
"57114b1a2419e31400955576": "trunnion",
"57114b1a2419e31400955577": "models",
"57114b1a2419e31400955578": "ships",
"57114dfb50c2381900b54a53": "recycled continuously",
"57114dfb50c2381900b54a54": "open loop\" system",
"57114dfb50c2381900b54a55": "Mercury is the working fluid in the mercury vapor turbine. Low boiling hydrocarbons",
"57114dfb50c2381900b54a56": "Mercury",
"57114e8d50c2381900b54a5b": "working fluid",
"57114e8d50c2381900b54a5c": "565 \u00b0C",
"57114e8d50c2381900b54a5d": "stainless steel",
"57114e8d50c2381900b54a5e": "30 \u00b0C",
"57114e8d50c2381900b54a5f": "63%",
"57114f0050c2381900b54a65": "Steam engines",
"57114f0050c2381900b54a66": "steamboats",
"57114f0050c2381900b54a67": "Stanley Steamer",
"57114f0050c2381900b54a68": "factories",
"57114f0050c2381900b54a69": "increase in the land available for cultivation",
"571153422419e3140095557d": "Salamanca",
"571153422419e3140095557e": "Matthew Murray",
"571153422419e3140095557f": "twin-cylinder",
"571153422419e31400955580": "pinion Middleton Railway",
"571153422419e31400955581": "Stockton and Darlington Railway",
"5711541350c2381900b54a6f": "Arthur Woolf",
"5711541350c2381900b54a70": "British",
"5711541350c2381900b54a71": "torque",
"5711541350c2381900b54a72": "low-pressure cylinders resulting in larger cylinders",
"571154c72419e31400955587": "80%",
"571154c72419e31400955588": "Diesel engines, and gas turbines, have almost entirely supplan",
"571154c72419e31400955589": "gas turbines",
"571154c72419e3140095558a": "Turbinia",
"571154c72419e3140095558b": "reduction gearing",
"571155ae2419e31400955591": "The Rankine cycle",
"571155ae2419e31400955592": "removed in a condenser",
"571155ae2419e31400955593": "1990s",
"571155ae2419e31400955594": "biomass",
"571155ae2419e31400955595": "Scottish",
"571156152419e3140095559b": "\"duty",
"571156152419e3140095559c": "Watt",
"571156152419e3140095559d": "94",
"571156152419e3140095559e": "7 million",
"571156152419e3140095559f": "17. This was a three-fold",
"57115ac550c2381900b54a77": "Reciprocating",
"57115ac550c2381900b54a78": "Reciprocating piston",
"57115ac550c2381900b54a79": "turbine",
"57115ac550c2381900b54a7a": "reciprocating",
"57115b2850c2381900b54a7f": "Thomas Savery",
"57115b2850c2381900b54a80": "a water pump",
"57115b2850c2381900b54a81": "1698",
"57115b2850c2381900b54a82": "Bento de Moura Portugal",
"57115b2850c2381900b54a83": "John Smeaton",
"57115b8b50c2381900b54a89": "Richard Trevithick and, separately, Oliver Evans",
"57115b8b50c2381900b54a8a": "Oliver Evans",
"57115b8b50c2381900b54a8b": "1802",
"57115b8b50c2381900b54a8c": "transport applications",
"57115b8b50c2381900b54a8d": "power source",
"57115bf350c2381900b54a93": "Energiprojekt AB",
"57115bf350c2381900b54a94": "Sweden",
"57115bf350c2381900b54a95": "5",
"57115bf350c2381900b54a96": "8 lb",
"57115bf350c2381900b54a97": "27-30%",
"57115c7450c2381900b54a9d": "surface condensers",
"57115c7450c2381900b54a9e": "automobile radiator",
"57115c7450c2381900b54a9f": "locations",
"57115c7450c2381900b54aa0": "wet",
"57115c7450c2381900b54aa1": "3600",
"57115dbe2419e314009555a5": "flour mill Boulton & Watt were building",
"57115dbe2419e314009555a6": "Boulton",
"57115dbe2419e314009555a7": "flour mill Boulton & Watt were building",
"57115dbe2419e314009555a8": "speed",
"57115dbe2419e314009555a9": "to handle smaller variations such as those caused by fluctuating heat load to the boiler",
"57115e532419e314009555af": "1880",
"57115e532419e314009555b0": "railway locomotives",
"57115e532419e314009555b1": "loading gauge",
"57115e532419e314009555b2": "1930",
"57115e532419e314009555b3": "road engines",
"57115f0a50c2381900b54aa7": "cutoff",
"57115f0a50c2381900b54aa8": "kick",
"57115f0a50c2381900b54aa9": "brief, the totality",
"57115f0a50c2381900b54aaa": "fixed length",
"57115f652419e314009555b9": "Jer\u00f3nimo de Ayanz y Beaumont",
"57115f652419e314009555ba": "Spanish",
"57115f652419e314009555bb": "1606",
"57115f652419e314009555bc": "1698",
"57115f652419e314009555bd": "1712",
"57115ff82419e314009555c3": "rotating discs",
"57115ff82419e314009555c4": "a drive shaft",
"57115ff82419e314009555c5": "static discs",
"57115ff82419e314009555c6": "static discs",
"57115ff82419e314009555c7": "3600",
"5711607f2419e314009555cd": "lower",
"5711607f2419e314009555ce": "mobile applications steam has been largely superseded by internal combustion engines or electric motors",
"5711607f2419e314009555cf": "steam turbine plant",
"5711607f2419e314009555d0": "Advanced Steam movement",
"5711607f2419e314009555d1": "pollution",
"571161092419e314009555d7": "Wankel engine",
"571161092419e314009555d8": "Wankel engine in place of the cylinders and valve gear",
"571161092419e314009555d9": "steam-tight in the face of wear and thermal expansion; the resulting leakage",
"5711619950c2381900b54aaf": "1763\u20131775",
"5711619950c2381900b54ab0": "a separate condenser",
"5711619950c2381900b54ab1": "half",
"5711619950c2381900b54ab2": "Newcomen",
"5711619950c2381900b54ab3": "a piston",
"5711623e50c2381900b54ab9": "two",
"5711623e50c2381900b54aba": "plug valve",
"5711623e50c2381900b54abb": "spring-loaded valve",
"5711623e50c2381900b54abc": "locked such that operators may not tamper with its adjustment",
"5711623e50c2381900b54abd": "accidents",
"5711628a2419e314009555dd": "Corliss steam engine, patented in 1849, which was a four-valve counter flow engine",
"5711628a2419e314009555de": "1849",
"5711628a2419e314009555df": "four",
"5711628a2419e314009555e0": "the Rumford medal",
"5711628a2419e314009555e1": "30%",
"571163172419e314009555e7": "thermodynamic theory",
"571163172419e314009555e8": "Watt",
"571163172419e314009555e9": "condenser",
"571163172419e314009555ea": "Joseph Black",
"571163172419e314009555eb": "latent heat",
"5711648850c2381900b54ac3": "over others is that during the compression stage relatively little work is required to drive the pump",
"5711648850c2381900b54ac4": "liquid phase",
"5711648850c2381900b54ac5": "1% to 3%",
"5711648850c2381900b54ac6": "1500 \u00b0C",
"5711651050c2381900b54acb": "injector",
"5711651050c2381900b54acc": "pumps",
"5711651050c2381900b54acd": "superheaters",
"5711651050c2381900b54ace": "bunker",
"5711651050c2381900b54acf": "screw stoking mechanism",
"5711658e50c2381900b54ad5": "feed water",
"5711658e50c2381900b54ad6": "British",
"5711658e50c2381900b54ad7": "dreadnought battleships, and ocean liners",
"5711658e50c2381900b54ad8": "dreadnought battleships",
"5711658e50c2381900b54ad9": "1905",
"571166352419e314009555f1": "heating water",
"571166352419e314009555f2": "heating water",
"571166352419e314009555f3": "electrical generator",
"571166352419e314009555f4": "turbo-electric transmission",
"571166352419e314009555f5": "Sweden",
"5711669550c2381900b54adf": "a practical Carnot cycle",
"5711669550c2381900b54ae0": "the condenser",
"5711669550c2381900b54ae1": "constant pressure",
"5711669550c2381900b54ae2": "isothermal",
"5711669550c2381900b54ae3": "a pump is used to pressurize the working fluid which is received from the condenser as a liquid not as a gas",
"571a484210f8ca1400304fbd": "chalcogen group",
"571a484210f8ca1400304fbe": "oxygen",
"571a484210f8ca1400304fbf": "Diatomic oxygen",
"571a484210f8ca1400304fc0": "two",
"571a484210f8ca1400304fc1": "half",
"571c3a685efbb31900334db2": "8",
"571c3a685efbb31900334db3": "chalcogen group",
"571c3a685efbb31900334db4": "oxides",
"571c3a685efbb31900334db5": "third",
"571c3a685efbb31900334db6": "dioxygen",
"571a49de4faf5e1900b8a94a": "photosynthesis",
"571a49de4faf5e1900b8a94b": "sunlight",
"571a49de4faf5e1900b8a94c": "high-altitude ozone layer",
"571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c09c": "oxygen",
"571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c09d": "water",
"571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c09e": "photosynthesis",
"571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c09f": "cellular respiration and released by photosynthesis, which uses the energy of sunlight to produce oxygen from water",
"571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c0a0": "ozone",
"571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd5": "Robert Boyle",
"571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd6": "John Mayow",
"571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd7": "nitroaereus",
"571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd8": "1641\u20131679",
"571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a6": "Robert Boyle",
"571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a7": "spiritus nitroaereus or just nitroaereus",
"571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a8": "17th",
"571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a9": "respiration",
"571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0aa": "John Mayow",
"571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a958": "Priestley",
"571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a959": "British",
"571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a95a": "mercuric oxide",
"571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a95b": "HgO",
"571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b0": "mercuric oxide",
"571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b1": "dephlogisticated air",
"571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b2": "1775",
"571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b3": "Air. Because he published his findings",
"571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b4": "candles burned brighter in the gas and that a mouse was more active",
"571a4ead10f8ca1400304fdd": "Leonardo da Vinci",
"571a4ead10f8ca1400304fde": "Philo of Byzantium",
"571a4ead10f8ca1400304fdf": "2nd century BCE",
"571a4ead10f8ca1400304fe0": "classical element fire",
"571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0ba": "Philo of Byzantium",
"571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0bb": "classical element fire",
"571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0bc": "Pneumatica",
"571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0bd": "Leonardo da Vinci",
"571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0be": "respiration",
"571a50df4faf5e1900b8a960": "an ignition event, such as heat or a spark",
"571a50df4faf5e1900b8a961": "Oxygen is the oxidant, not the fuel",
"571a50df4faf5e1900b8a962": "oxygen",
"571a50df4faf5e1900b8a963": "Oxygen",
"571cebc05efbb31900334e48": "rapid combustion",
"571cebc05efbb31900334e49": "trigger combustion",
"571cebc05efbb31900334e4a": "oxidant",
"571cebc05efbb31900334e4b": "oxidant",
"571cebc05efbb31900334e4c": "Combustion hazards also apply to compounds of oxygen",
"571a52cb4faf5e1900b8a969": "Concentrated O\n2 will allow combustion to proceed rapidly and energetically. Steel pipes and storage vessels used to store and transmit both gaseous and liquid oxygen",
"571a52cb4faf5e1900b8a96a": "1\u20443",
"571a52cb4faf5e1900b8a96b": "Concentrated O\n2",
"571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a0": "O\n2 will allow combustion",
"571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a1": "slightly more than atmospheric pressure",
"571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a2": "Steel pipes and storage vessels used to store and transmit both gaseous and liquid oxygen will act as a fuel",
"571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a4": "Apollo 1 crew",
"571a53d410f8ca1400304fe5": "larger mass than the crust",
"571a53d410f8ca1400304fe6": "quartz",
"571a53d410f8ca1400304fe7": "carbon dioxide",
"571ce7f25efbb31900334e3e": "carbon dioxide",
"571ce7f25efbb31900334e3f": "carbon dioxide (CO\n2). The Earth's crustal rock",
"571ce7f25efbb31900334e40": "mantle",
"571ce7f25efbb31900334e41": "mantle",
"571ce7f25efbb31900334e42": "silica",
"571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c4": "monatomic",
"571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c5": "monatomic and that the atoms in compounds would normally have the simplest atomic ratios with respect to one another",
"571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c6": "HO",
"571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c7": "hydrogen",
"571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c8": "Avogadro's law",
"571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0ce": "phlogiston",
"571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0cf": "wood or coal, were thought to be made mostly of phlogiston; whereas non-combustible substances that corrode, such as iron",
"571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0d0": "gaseous combustion products. Indeed, one of the first clues that the phlogiston theory was incorrect was that metals",
"571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0d1": "metals",
"571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0d2": "lighter",
"571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0d8": "a covalent double bond",
"571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0d9": "the two oxygen atoms",
"571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0da": "double bond",
"571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0db": "chemically bonded to each other",
"571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0dc": "filling of molecular orbitals formed from the atomic orbitals of the individual oxygen atoms",
"571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e2": "1773 or earlier, and Joseph Priestley in Wiltshire, in 1774",
"571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e3": "1774",
"571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e4": "his work was published first",
"571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e5": "Carl Wilhelm Scheele",
"571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e6": "oxygen helped to discredit the then-popular phlogiston theory of combustion and corrosion",
"571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0ec": "\u03c0* orbitals in the diagram), orbitals that are of equal energy\u2014i.e., degenerate",
"571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0ed": "triplet oxygen",
"571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0ee": "organic molecules, which have paired electron spins; this prevents spontaneous combustion",
"571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0ef": "organic molecules",
"571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0f0": "antibonding, and so their filling weakens the bond order from three to two. Because of its unpaired electrons",
"571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f6": "there was no overall increase in weight when tin and air were heated in a closed container",
"571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f7": "weight",
"571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f8": "increased in weight",
"571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f9": "1777",
"571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0fa": "azote (Gk",
"571c9074dd7acb1400e4c100": "ozone",
"571c9074dd7acb1400e4c101": "allotrope of oxygen that is damaging to lung tissue",
"571c9074dd7acb1400e4c102": "lung tissue",
"571c9074dd7acb1400e4c103": "protective radiation shield",
"571c9074dd7acb1400e4c104": "ultraviolet",
"571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10a": "dioxygen",
"571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10b": "dioxygen, O\n2",
"571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10c": "allotrope",
"571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10d": "energy content",
"571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10e": "complex forms",
"571c9348dd7acb1400e4c114": "James Dewar",
"571c9348dd7acb1400e4c115": "1891",
"571c9348dd7acb1400e4c116": "1895",
"571c9348dd7acb1400e4c118": "oxyacetylene",
"571c96095efbb31900334dbc": "Oxygen",
"571c96095efbb31900334dbd": "temperature",
"571c96095efbb31900334dbe": "6.04",
"571c96095efbb31900334dbf": "nitrogen",
"571c96095efbb31900334dc0": "twice",
"571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c11e": "88.8%",
"571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c11f": "third",
"571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c120": "0.9%",
"571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c121": "world's oceans",
"571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c122": "0.1%",
"571caac55efbb31900334dc6": "19th",
"571caac55efbb31900334dc7": "carbon dioxide",
"571caac55efbb31900334dc8": "Louis Paul Cailletet",
"571caac55efbb31900334dc9": "few drops",
"571caac55efbb31900334dca": "March 29, 1883",
"571cac5d5efbb31900334dd0": "protoplanetary material prior to the coalescence of dust grains",
"571cac5d5efbb31900334dd1": "oxygen-16",
"571cac5d5efbb31900334dd2": "crashed Genesis spacecraft",
"571cac5d5efbb31900334dd3": "depleted",
"571cac5d5efbb31900334dd4": "the Sun's disk of protoplane",
"571cb010dd7acb1400e4c128": "Singlet oxygen is a name given to several higher-energy species of molecular O\n2",
"571cb010dd7acb1400e4c129": "common organic molecules",
"571cb010dd7acb1400e4c12a": "water during photosynthesis",
"571cb010dd7acb1400e4c12b": "photolysis of ozone by light of short wavelength, and by the immune system",
"571cb010dd7acb1400e4c12c": "Carotenoids",
"571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c132": "Paleoclimatologists",
"571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c133": "oxygen-18 and oxygen-16",
"571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c134": "12%",
"571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c135": "oxygen-18 into their skeletons and shells",
"571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c136": "Marine organisms then incorporate more oxygen",
"571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13c": "687 and 760 nm",
"571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13d": "carbon cycle",
"571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13e": "satellite platform",
"571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13f": "global scale",
"571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c140": "carbon",
"571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c146": "oxygen",
"571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c147": "liquid oxygen",
"571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c148": "unpaired electrons",
"571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c149": "Liquid oxygen",
"571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c14a": "magnet",
"571cc5c45efbb31900334dda": "superoxide ion (O\u2212\n2) and hydrogen peroxide (H\n2O\n2), are dangerous by-products",
"571cc5c45efbb31900334ddb": "Parts of the immune system",
"571cc5c45efbb31900334ddc": "pathogen attack",
"571cc5c45efbb31900334ddd": "obligately anaerobic organisms",
"571cc5c45efbb31900334dde": "about 2.5 billion years ago",
"571cc6f85efbb31900334de4": "90.20 K",
"571cc6f85efbb31900334de5": "light sky-blue color",
"571cc6f85efbb31900334de6": "nitrogen",
"571cc6f85efbb31900334de7": "nitrogen",
"571cc6f85efbb31900334de8": "nitrogen",
"571cc8815efbb31900334dee": "water bodies",
"571cc8815efbb31900334def": "lower",
"571cc8815efbb31900334df0": "their higher oxygen content",
"571cc8815efbb31900334df1": "measuring the water's biochemical oxygen demand",
"571cc8815efbb31900334df2": "algae",
"571cca4add7acb1400e4c150": "about 3.5 billion years ago",
"571cca4add7acb1400e4c151": "Paleoproterozoic eon",
"571cca4add7acb1400e4c152": "banded iron formations",
"571cca4add7acb1400e4c153": "7 billion years",
"571cca4add7acb1400e4c154": "3\u20132.7 billion years ago",
"571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15a": "oxygen cycle",
"571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15b": "biogeochemical",
"571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15c": "three",
"571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15d": "photosynthesis",
"571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15e": "oxygen",
"571ccd9b5efbb31900334df8": "gaseous oxygen to be pumped through a pipeline",
"571ccd9b5efbb31900334df9": "90%",
"571ccd9b5efbb31900334dfa": "nitrogen",
"571ccd9b5efbb31900334dfb": "cryogenic",
"571ccd9b5efbb31900334dfc": "90% to 93% O\n2",
"571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c164": "water",
"571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c165": "molecular oxygen and hydrogen",
"571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c166": "DC",
"571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c167": "electrolysis of water into molecular oxygen and hydrogen",
"571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c168": "Chemical catalysts can be used as well, such as in chemical oxygen generators",
"571cd11add7acb1400e4c16e": "mild",
"571cd11add7acb1400e4c16f": "pharmacological effect is doubtful; a placebo effect",
"571cd11add7acb1400e4c170": "wear oxygen masks",
"571cd11add7acb1400e4c171": "2 mixtures",
"571cd11add7acb1400e4c172": "a placebo effect",
"571cd3b55efbb31900334e03": "gas gangrene, and decompression sickness",
"571cd3b55efbb31900334e04": "carbon monoxide",
"571cd3b55efbb31900334e05": "anaerobic bacteria",
"571cd3b55efbb31900334e06": "sickness",
"571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c178": "respiration",
"571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c179": "O\n2",
"571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c17a": "the heart",
"571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c17b": "Oxygen therapy",
"571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c17c": "gaseous",
"571cd703dd7acb1400e4c182": "electronegativity",
"571cd703dd7acb1400e4c183": "electronegativity",
"571cd703dd7acb1400e4c184": "FeO",
"571cd703dd7acb1400e4c185": "chemical bonds",
"571cd703dd7acb1400e4c186": "slows further corrosion",
"571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c18d": "cabin depressurization",
"571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c18e": "steady stream of oxygen gas is then produced by the exother",
"571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c18f": "steady stream of oxygen gas is then produced by the exothermic",
"571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c190": "steady stream of oxygen gas",
"571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c196": "high pressure",
"571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c197": "tankers",
"571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c198": "liquid",
"571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c199": "medical applications and oxy-fuel welding",
"571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c19a": "tankers are used to refill bulk liquid oxygen storage containers, which stand outside hospitals and other institutions",
"571cdcb85efbb31900334e0c": "ethanol",
"571cdcb85efbb31900334e0d": "organic group",
"571cdcb85efbb31900334e0e": "ethanol",
"571cdcb85efbb31900334e0f": "acetone, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, furan",
"571cdcb85efbb31900334e10": "many important organic solvents",
"571cde695efbb31900334e16": "phosphate",
"571cde695efbb31900334e17": "a few common complex biomolecules, such as squalene and the carotenes",
"571cde695efbb31900334e18": "carbohydrates",
"571cde695efbb31900334e19": "carbohydrates",
"571cde695efbb31900334e1a": "squalene and the carotenes",
"571ce3745efbb31900334e20": "Oxygen toxicity to the lungs and central nervous system",
"571ce3745efbb31900334e21": "permanent pulmonary fibrosis",
"571ce3745efbb31900334e22": "Exposure to a O\n2 partial pressures greater than 160 kPa",
"571ce3745efbb31900334e23": "Acute oxygen toxicity (causing seizures",
"571ce3745efbb31900334e24": "seizures",
"571ce5055efbb31900334e2a": "low total pressures used",
"571ce5055efbb31900334e2b": "30 kPa (1.4 times normal), and the resulting O\n2 partial pressure in the astronaut's arterial blood",
"571ce5055efbb31900334e2c": "1.4 times",
"571ce5055efbb31900334e2d": "marginally more than normal sea-level O\n2 partial pressure",
"571ce5055efbb31900334e2e": "low total pressures used",
"571ce6655efbb31900334e34": "at elevated partial pressures",
"571ce6655efbb31900334e35": "partial pressures",
"571ce6655efbb31900334e36": "50%",
"571ce6655efbb31900334e37": "Oxygen gas",
"571ce6655efbb31900334e38": "30%\u201350%",
"5725b33f6a3fe71400b8952d": "October 1973",
"5725b33f6a3fe71400b8952e": "$12 globally",
"5725b33f6a3fe71400b8952f": "1979",
"5725b33f6a3fe71400b89530": "shock",
"5725b33f6a3fe71400b89531": "the members of the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries",
"5725b5a689a1e219009abd28": "to avoid being targeted by the boycott",
"5725b5a689a1e219009abd29": "multilateral negotiations with the combatants",
"5725b5a689a1e219009abd2a": "January 18, 1974",
"5725b5a689a1e219009abd2b": "March 1974",
"5725b76389a1e219009abd4a": "August 15, 1971",
"5725b76389a1e219009abd4b": "rise and fall according to market demand",
"5725b76389a1e219009abd4c": "they would price",
"5725b76389a1e219009abd4d": "September 1971",
"5725b76389a1e219009abd4e": "decreased. In September 1971, OPEC issued a joint communiqu\u00e9 stating that, from then on, they would price",
"5725b92e38643c19005acbd3": "less than two percent per year",
"5725b92e38643c19005acbd4": "1971",
"5725b92e38643c19005acbd5": "1974",
"5725b92e38643c19005acbd6": "1947 to 1967",
"5725bad5271a42140099d0bd": "October 6, 1973",
"5725bad5271a42140099d0be": "Iran",
"5725bad5271a42140099d0bf": "ten",
"5725bad5271a42140099d0c0": "Iran",
"5725bad5271a42140099d0c1": "\"Of course [the price of oil] is going to rise... Certainly!",
"5725bcb6271a42140099d0eb": "70%, to $5.11 a barrel",
"5725bcb6271a42140099d0ec": "October 16, 1973",
"5725bcb6271a42140099d0ed": "five percent from September's output and to continue to cut production in five percent monthly increments",
"5725bcb6271a42140099d0ee": "$2.2 billion",
"5725bcb6271a42140099d0ef": "curbed exports",
"57261dab38643c19005ad037": "over 100 billion dollars",
"57261dab38643c19005ad038": "Sunni extremist groups such as Al-Qaeda",
"57261dab38643c19005ad039": "Middle East",
"57261dab38643c19005ad03a": "dispensed",
"57261dab38643c19005ad03b": "Wahhabism",
"57261f9f271a42140099d4a9": "distribution and price disruptions",
"57261f9f271a42140099d4aa": "USSR",
"57261f9f271a42140099d4ab": "1973",
"57261f9f271a42140099d4ac": "Kissinger's dominance",
"5726241189a1e219009ac2de": "The embargo",
"5726241189a1e219009ac2df": "automobiles",
"5726241189a1e219009ac2e0": "Macroeconomic problems",
"5726241189a1e219009ac2e1": "Arctic",
"5726241189a1e219009ac2e2": "five to ten years",
"5726487b5951b619008f6edd": "Netherlands",
"5726487b5951b619008f6ede": "America to use their airfields and embargoed arms and supplies to both the Arabs and the Israelis",
"5726487b5951b619008f6edf": "UK",
"5726487b5951b619008f6ee0": "Israelis",
"5726487b5951b619008f6ee1": "Ted Heath",
"572649d8f1498d1400e8db36": "UK",
"572649d8f1498d1400e8db37": "embargo",
"572649d8f1498d1400e8db38": "over the winter of 1973",
"572649d8f1498d1400e8db39": "Norway",
"572649d8f1498d1400e8db3a": "Sweden",
"57264cac708984140094c1b3": "Price controls",
"57264cac708984140094c1b4": "encourage investment",
"57264cac708984140094c1b5": "creating greater scarcity",
"57264cac708984140094c1b7": "rationing",
"57264d9edd62a815002e80fe": "William E. Simon",
"57264d9edd62a815002e80ff": "1973",
"57264d9edd62a815002e8100": "coordinate the response to the embargo",
"57264d9edd62a815002e8101": "20%",
"57264efddd62a815002e8134": "55 mph",
"57264efddd62a815002e8135": "Emergency Highway Energy Conservation Act",
"57264efddd62a815002e8136": "Bill Clinton",
"57264efddd62a815002e8137": "November 28, 1995",
"57264efddd62a815002e8138": "1977",
"572650325951b619008f6fa9": "energy crisis",
"572650325951b619008f6faa": "market and technology realities",
"572650325951b619008f6fab": "presidents",
"57265200708984140094c237": "U.S. was so distraught by the rise in oil prices and being challenged by under-developed countries",
"57265200708984140094c238": "Kuwait",
"57265200708984140094c239": "10 years",
"57265200708984140094c23a": "Arabs",
"57265360dd62a815002e819a": "Japan",
"57265360dd62a815002e819b": "71%",
"57265360dd62a815002e819c": "a \"nonfriendly\" country to encourage it to change its noninvolvement policy",
"57265360dd62a815002e819d": "November 22",
"57265360dd62a815002e819e": "December 25",
"57265526708984140094c2bd": "USSR",
"57265526708984140094c2be": "Saudi Arabia and Iran",
"57265526708984140094c2bf": "Saudi arms purchases from the US exceeded five times Israel's. Another motive for the large scale purchase of arms from the US by Saudi Arabia",
"57265526708984140094c2c0": "January 1979",
"57265526708984140094c2c1": "December of the same year. In November 2010",
"5726581fdd62a815002e823a": "Japanese",
"5726581fdd62a815002e823b": "Honda Accord",
"5726581fdd62a815002e823c": "V8 and six cylinder",
"5726581fdd62a815002e823d": "Japanese",
"572659535951b619008f703f": "1981",
"572659535951b619008f7040": "Toyota Corona Mark II",
"572659535951b619008f7041": "Datsun) introduced larger cars such as the Toyota Corona Mark II, the Toyota Cressida, the Mazda 616 and Datsun 810",
"572659535951b619008f7042": "Acura, Lexus",
"57265a58dd62a815002e8270": "Toyota Hilux and the Datsun Truck",
"57265a58dd62a815002e8271": "Dodge D-50 a few years after the oil crisis",
"57265a58dd62a815002e8272": "Ford, Chrysler, and GM",
"57265a58dd62a815002e8273": "captive import",
"57265bdfdd62a815002e829e": "An increase in imported cars into North America forced General Motors, Ford and Chrysler to introduce smaller and fuel-efficient models for domestic sales",
"57265bdfdd62a815002e829f": "four",
"57265bdfdd62a815002e82a0": "1985",
"57265bdfdd62a815002e82a1": "Galaxie 500. Slightly smaller, mid-size models such as the Oldsmobile Cutlass, Chevrolet Monte Carlo, Ford Thunderbird",
"57265bdfdd62a815002e82a2": "Chevrolet",
"57265ceddd62a815002e82b8": "1979",
"57265ceddd62a815002e82b9": "1981",
"57265ceddd62a815002e82ba": "NHTSA Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 215 (pertaining to safety bumpers), and compacts like the 1974 Mustang I",
"57265e11708984140094c3bb": "1981",
"57265e11708984140094c3bc": "1980s",
"57265e11708984140094c3bd": "recover market share",
"57265e11708984140094c3be": "$40 per barrel",
"5725b7f389a1e219009abd5d": "treaties and legislation",
"5725b7f389a1e219009abd5e": "Treaties establishing the European Union",
"5725b7f389a1e219009abd5f": "Treaties establishing the European Union",
"5725b7f389a1e219009abd60": "the European Parliament",
"5725c28a271a42140099d14d": "treaties and legislation",
"5725c28a271a42140099d14e": "direct effect or indirect effect",
"5725c28a271a42140099d14f": "primary law, secondary law and supplementary law",
"5725c28a271a42140099d150": "Treaties establishing the European Union",
"57268b43dd62a815002e88f0": "Treaties establishing the European Union",
"57268b43dd62a815002e88f1": "Treaties establishing the European Union",
"57268b43dd62a815002e88f2": "European Parliament",
"57268b43dd62a815002e88f3": "three",
"5725bbec271a42140099d0d1": "courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union",
"5725bbec271a42140099d0d2": "the courts of member states",
"5725bbec271a42140099d0d4": "The European Court of Justice",
"5725bbec271a42140099d0d5": "case law by the Court of Justice, international law and general principles",
"5725c3a9ec44d21400f3d503": "courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union",
"5725c3a9ec44d21400f3d504": "Directives",
"5725c3a9ec44d21400f3d505": "European Court of Justice",
"5725c3a9ec44d21400f3d506": "case law",
"57268bf9dd62a815002e890a": "courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union",
"57268bf9dd62a815002e890b": "courts of member states",
"57268bf9dd62a815002e890c": "The European Court of Justice",
"57268bf9dd62a815002e890d": "case law",
"5725c743ec44d21400f3d549": "Treaty on European Union (TEU)",
"5725c743ec44d21400f3d54a": "The European Commission has the initiative to propose legislation. During the ordinary legislative procedure, the Council (which are ministers",
"5725c743ec44d21400f3d54b": "ministers",
"5725c743ec44d21400f3d54c": "European Parliament",
"5725c743ec44d21400f3d54d": "Parliament",
"5725ca4389a1e219009abeb4": "The TEU",
"5725ca4389a1e219009abeb5": "Gibraltar",
"5725ca4389a1e219009abeb6": "external relations",
"5725ca4389a1e219009abeb7": "unlimited period",
"5725ca4389a1e219009abeb8": "soon as they enter into force, unless stated otherwise, and are generally concluded for an unlimited period",
"57268d2ddd62a815002e894e": "Treaty on European Union",
"57268d2ddd62a815002e894f": "Madeira, the Canary Islands and the French overseas departments. European Union law also applies in territories",
"57268d2ddd62a815002e8950": "soon as they enter into force, unless stated otherwise, and are generally concluded for an unlimited period",
"57268d2ddd62a815002e8951": "\u00c5land islands. The TEU allows the European Council",
"5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bb": "common rules for coal and steel, and then atomic energy",
"5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bc": "Treaty of Rome 1957 and the Maastricht Treaty 1992",
"5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bd": "1985",
"5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5be": "not end up joining), Greece in 1979, Spain and Portugal 1985, Austria, Finland, Norway and Sweden in 1994",
"5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bf": "Slovenia",
"57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b0": "common rules for coal and steel, and then atomic energy",
"57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b1": "1992",
"57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b2": "1986",
"57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b3": "2004, Romania and Bulgaria in 2007 and Croatia in 2013",
"57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b4": "2013",
"57264865dd62a815002e8062": "Following the Nice Treaty",
"57264865dd62a815002e8063": "France and the referendum in the Netherlands",
"57264865dd62a815002e8064": "very similar",
"57264865dd62a815002e8065": "amending treaty",
"57264865dd62a815002e8066": "it did not completely",
"57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c4": "constitutional law of the European Union",
"57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c5": "constitutional law of the European Union and make it more transparent",
"57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c6": "the 2004 Treaty",
"57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c7": "Lisbon Treaty",
"57264a8cdd62a815002e808c": "The European Commission",
"57264a8cdd62a815002e808d": "the Council",
"57264a8cdd62a815002e808e": "Claude Juncker",
"57264a8cdd62a815002e808f": "28",
"57264a8cdd62a815002e8090": "Claude Juncker",
"572691545951b619008f76e1": "Article 17",
"572691545951b619008f76e2": "Claude Juncker",
"572691545951b619008f76e3": "a monopoly on initiating the legislative procedure",
"572691545951b619008f76e4": "Ireland",
"572691545951b619008f76e5": "Claude Juncker",
"57264e455951b619008f6f65": "Santer Commission",
"57264e455951b619008f6f66": "a Commissioner giving her dentist a job",
"57264e455951b619008f6f67": "ECJ's relaxed approach, a Committee",
"57264e455951b619008f6f68": "John Dalli, who quickly resigned after allegations that he received a \u20ac60m",
"57264e455951b619008f6f69": "\u20ac60m bribe in connection with a Tobacco Products Directive. Beyond the Commission, the European Central Bank has relative executive autonomy",
"5726926a5951b619008f7709": "1999",
"5726926a5951b619008f770a": "Commission v Edith Cresson where the European Court of Justice held that a Commissioner giving her dentist a job",
"5726926a5951b619008f770b": "ECJ's relaxed approach, a Committee",
"5726926a5951b619008f770c": "ECJ's relaxed approach, a Committee of Independent Experts found that a culture",
"5726926a5951b619008f770d": "2012",
"5726545f708984140094c2a5": "different ministers of the member states",
"5726545f708984140094c2a6": "Donald Tusk",
"5726545f708984140094c2a7": "around 74 per cent, or 260 of the 352 votes",
"5726545f708984140094c2a8": "238(3) define this to mean at least 55 per cent of the Council members (not votes) representing 65 per cent",
"5726545f708984140094c2a9": "260",
"57269424dd62a815002e8a1e": "the Council",
"57269424dd62a815002e8a1f": "each six months",
"57269424dd62a815002e8a20": "260",
"57269424dd62a815002e8a21": "the TEU article 15",
"572656e4dd62a815002e81fa": "qualified majority",
"572656e4dd62a815002e81fb": "qualified majority",
"572656e4dd62a815002e81fc": "harder to change EU law than stay the same. A different procedure exists for budgets",
"572656e4dd62a815002e81fd": "Kompetenz question: who ultimately has the \"competence\" to define the EU's \"competence\". Many member state courts",
"572656e4dd62a815002e81fe": "Parliament and Council",
"572695285951b619008f774b": "article 294",
"572695285951b619008f774c": "unanimity to block Commission amendment",
"572695285951b619008f774d": "Kompetenz",
"572695285951b619008f774e": "Conciliation Committee",
"572658435951b619008f7025": "judicial",
"572658435951b619008f7026": "Court of Justice of the European Union",
"572658435951b619008f7027": "three",
"572658435951b619008f7028": "German",
"572658435951b619008f7029": "Court of Justice of the European Union",
"5726965ef1498d1400e8e484": "by assuming the task of interpreting the treaties, and accelerating economic and political integration",
"5726965ef1498d1400e8e485": "Court of Justice of the European Union",
"5726965ef1498d1400e8e486": "Civil Service Tribunal",
"5726965ef1498d1400e8e487": "three years",
"5726965ef1498d1400e8e488": "Court of Justice of the European Union",
"57265e455951b619008f70bb": "EU law has primacy",
"57265e455951b619008f70bc": "plead that the Treaty conflicted with national law",
"57265e455951b619008f70bd": "1968",
"5726975c708984140094cb1f": "European Court of Justice and the highest national courts",
"5726975c708984140094cb20": "1964",
"5726975c708984140094cb21": "Van Gend en Loos",
"572699db5951b619008f7799": "EU law takes primacy over national law where this agreed in the Treaties",
"572699db5951b619008f779a": "foundational constitutional questions affecting democracy and human rights",
"572699db5951b619008f779b": "1972",
"572699db5951b619008f779c": "if the EU does not comply with its basic constitutional rights and principles",
"572699db5951b619008f779d": "factual commitment to human rights",
"57269aa65951b619008f77ab": "administrative law",
"57269aa65951b619008f77ac": "1986",
"57269aa65951b619008f77ad": "monetary damages, but courts can also require specific performance or will grant an injunction",
"57269aa65951b619008f77ae": "constitutional law",
"57269bb8708984140094cb95": "Van Gend en Loos v Nederlandse Administratie der Belastingen",
"57269bb8708984140094cb96": "Van Gend en Loos",
"57269bb8708984140094cb97": "postal",
"57269bb8708984140094cb98": "Treaty provisions",
"57269cc3dd62a815002e8b12": "Directives",
"57269cc3dd62a815002e8b13": "4",
"57269cc3dd62a815002e8b14": "28",
"57269cc3dd62a815002e8b15": "1990s",
"57269e3bf1498d1400e8e516": "enforce conflicting laws",
"57269e3bf1498d1400e8e517": "enforce conflicting laws",
"57269e3bf1498d1400e8e518": "10 years",
"57269e3bf1498d1400e8e519": "British Gas plc",
"57269e3bf1498d1400e8e51a": "65",
"57269f3ef1498d1400e8e534": "Fourth",
"57269f3ef1498d1400e8e535": "incorporations",
"57269f3ef1498d1400e8e536": "wages",
"57269f3ef1498d1400e8e537": "6 million",
"5726a00cf1498d1400e8e550": "European Court of Justice",
"5726a00cf1498d1400e8e551": "fundamental rights",
"5726a09f708984140094cc39": "since the 1950s",
"5726a09f708984140094cc3a": "Article 5",
"5726a09f708984140094cc3b": "onerous",
"5726a14c708984140094cc51": "since the 1960s",
"5726a14c708984140094cc52": "European Union law",
"5726a14c708984140094cc53": "proper legal basis",
"5726a14c708984140094cc54": "good faith",
"5726a1e5dd62a815002e8b86": "member states",
"5726a1e5dd62a815002e8b87": "fundamental rights",
"5726a299dd62a815002e8b9e": "None",
"5726a299dd62a815002e8b9f": "member states",
"5726a299dd62a815002e8ba0": "1950",
"5726a299dd62a815002e8ba1": "European Court of Human Rights",
"5726a299dd62a815002e8ba2": "1989",
"5726a34bf1498d1400e8e59e": "2007",
"5726a34bf1498d1400e8e59f": "Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union",
"5726a34bf1498d1400e8e5a0": "European Union law",
"5726a34bf1498d1400e8e5a1": "co-exist under European Union law, though the former is enforced by the European Court of Justice",
"5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5ae": "1997 Treaty of Amsterdam",
"5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5af": "1997",
"5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5b0": "1989",
"5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5b1": "30",
"5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5b2": "40",
"5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd0": "11 of the then 12",
"5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd1": "UK",
"5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd2": "Social Chapter",
"5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd3": "1992",
"5726a5525951b619008f78dd": "UK Labour Party to government",
"5726a5525951b619008f78de": "1997",
"5726a5525951b619008f78df": "Works Council Directive",
"5726a5525951b619008f78e0": "1996",
"5726a5525951b619008f78e1": "workforce consultation in businesses",
"5726a638dd62a815002e8bf6": "France, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg and Germany",
"5726a638dd62a815002e8bf7": "1951",
"5726a638dd62a815002e8bf8": "cartels",
"5726a638dd62a815002e8bf9": "Article 65 of the agreement banned cartels and article 66",
"5726a638dd62a815002e8bfa": "1957",
"5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e654": "Article 101",
"5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e655": "abuse of dominant position",
"5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e656": "general rule that the state may not aid or subsidise",
"5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e657": "Article 102",
"5726b58f5951b619008f7b55": "2007",
"5726b58f5951b619008f7b56": "since the Treaty of Rome 1957",
"5726b58f5951b619008f7b57": "consumer prices",
"5726b58f5951b619008f7b58": "Treaty of Rome 1957",
"5726b58f5951b619008f7b59": "labour rights, fair competition, and environmental improvement. Increasingly the Court",
"5726b718dd62a815002e8dbe": "customs union",
"5726b718dd62a815002e8dbf": "imports",
"5726b718dd62a815002e8dc0": "animals",
"5726b718dd62a815002e8dc1": "Commission",
"5726b718dd62a815002e8dc2": "a protest",
"5726b929f1498d1400e8e8e8": "34",
"5726b929f1498d1400e8e8e9": "France",
"5726b929f1498d1400e8e8ea": "2009",
"5726b929f1498d1400e8e8eb": "cocoa",
"5726b929f1498d1400e8e8ec": "motorcycles or mopeds pulling trailers",
"5726ba2c708984140094cf59": "Mithouard",
"5726ba2c708984140094cf5a": "prevent cut throat competition",
"5726ba2c708984140094cf5b": "Konsumentombudsmannen",
"5726ba2c708984140094cf5c": "article 36",
"5726baf2dd62a815002e8e74": "free movement",
"5726baf2dd62a815002e8e75": "European Community",
"5726baf2dd62a815002e8e76": "citizenship",
"5726baf2dd62a815002e8e77": "Staatssecretaris",
"5726baf2dd62a815002e8e78": "stay",
"5726bc1add62a815002e8ea6": "1 to 7",
"5726bc1add62a815002e8ea7": "Jean-Marc Bosman",
"5726bc1add62a815002e8ea8": "Gaelic",
"5726bc1add62a815002e8ea9": "Hendrix v Employee Insurance Institute the Court of Justice",
"5726bc1add62a815002e8eaa": "14",
"5726bcde708984140094cfbf": "Citizenship of the EU",
"5726bcde708984140094cfc0": "increased the number of social services",
"5726bcde708984140094cfc1": "\"structural, staffing and financial problems\"",
"5726bcde708984140094cfc2": "higher education",
"5726c002708984140094d073": "article 49",
"5726c002708984140094d074": "freedom, rather than service",
"5726c002708984140094d075": "Reyners v",
"5726c002708984140094d076": "Stuttgart",
"5726c002708984140094d077": "Chamber of the Court of Justice held the Commission",
"5726c19add62a815002e8f8a": "2006",
"5726c19add62a815002e8f8b": "shipping toxic waste",
"5726c19add62a815002e8f8c": "October 2007",
"5726c19add62a815002e8f8d": "2005",
"5726c3da708984140094d0d9": "German health clinic",
"5726c3da708984140094d0da": "prohibiting cold calling customers",
"5726c3da708984140094d0db": "narcotic drugs",
"5726c3da708984140094d0dc": "treatment",
"5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac4": "Daily Mail",
"5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac5": "\u00a31 of capital to start a company, while Denmark's legislature took the view companies should only be started up if they had 200,000",
"5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac6": "\u00a31 of capital to start a company, while Denmark's legislature took the view companies should only be started up if they had 200,000",
"5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac7": "labour rights",
"5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac8": "\u00dcberseering BV",
"5725b81b271a42140099d097": "Amazonia or the Amazon Jungle",
"5725b81b271a42140099d098": "5,500,000",
"5725b81b271a42140099d099": "nine nations. The majority of the forest is contained within Brazil, with 60%",
"5725b81b271a42140099d09a": "four",
"5725b81b271a42140099d09b": "13%, Colombia with 10%",
"5728349dff5b5019007d9efe": "Amazoneregenwoud",
"5728349dff5b5019007d9eff": "moist broadleaf forest",
"5728349dff5b5019007d9f00": "Brazil",
"5728349dff5b5019007d9f01": "60% of the rainforest, followed by Peru with 13%",
"5728349dff5b5019007d9f02": "nine nations. The majority of the forest is contained within Brazil, with 60%",
"5729e2316aef0514001550c4": "moist broadleaf",
"5729e2316aef0514001550c5": "5,500,000",
"5729e2316aef0514001550c6": "nine",
"5729e2316aef0514001550c7": "Brazil",
"5729e2316aef0514001550c8": "60%",
"5725be0f271a42140099d117": "wetter climate",
"5725be0f271a42140099d118": "Climate fluctuations",
"5725be0f271a42140099d119": "Oligocene",
"5725be0f271a42140099d11a": "last glacial maximum",
"5725be0f271a42140099d11b": "allowing for the survival",
"57283adcff5b5019007d9f94": "extinction of the dinosaurs and the wetter climate",
"57283adcff5b5019007d9f95": "45\u00b0",
"57283adcff5b5019007d9f96": "Climate fluctuations",
"57283adcff5b5019007d9f97": "Oligocene",
"57283adcff5b5019007d9f98": "expanded again during the Middle Miocene, then retracted to a mostly inland formation at the last glacial maximum",
"5729e500af94a219006aa6b5": "the Cretaceous\u2013Paleogene extinction event, the extinction of the dinosaurs and the wetter climate",
"5729e500af94a219006aa6b6": "66\u201334",
"5729e500af94a219006aa6b7": "Middle Miocene",
"5729e500af94a219006aa6b8": "last glacial maximum",
"5729e500af94a219006aa6b9": "34 million",
"5725c071271a42140099d127": "along the middle of the continent",
"5725c071271a42140099d128": "Atlantic",
"5725c071271a42140099d129": "Solim\u00f5es Basin",
"5725c071271a42140099d12a": "5\u201310 million years",
"5725c071271a42140099d12b": "the Atlantic",
"57283d173acd2414000df78f": "mid-Eocene",
"57283d173acd2414000df790": "the Atlantic",
"57283d173acd2414000df791": "the Pacific",
"57283d173acd2414000df792": "west water",
"57283d173acd2414000df793": "Solim\u00f5es Basin",
"5729e6313f37b319004785a9": "mid-Eocene",
"5729e6313f37b319004785aa": "middle of the continent by the Purus Arch",
"5729e6313f37b319004785ab": "the Atlantic",
"5729e6313f37b319004785ac": "Pacific",
"5729e6313f37b319004785ad": "Solim\u00f5es Basin",
"5725c41eec44d21400f3d50b": "Glacial Maximum (LGM) and subsequent deglaciation",
"5725c41eec44d21400f3d50c": "rainfall in the basin",
"5725c41eec44d21400f3d50d": "the rainforest was reduced to small, isolated refugia separated by open forest and grassland",
"5725c41eec44d21400f3d50e": "far to the north, south, and east",
"5725c41eec44d21400f3d50f": "biased away from the center of the Amazon basin",
"572841772ca10214002da1a6": "21,000",
"572841772ca10214002da1a7": "Glacial Maximum (LGM) and subsequent deglaciation",
"572841772ca10214002da1a8": "sediment deposits",
"572841772ca10214002da1a9": "lower than for the present",
"572a0bfaaf94a219006aa779": "21,000",
"572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77a": "sediment",
"572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77b": "moist tropical",
"572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77c": "small, isolated refugia separated by open forest and grassland",
"572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77d": "biased away from the center of the Amazon basin, and both explanations",
"5725c63438643c19005acc9f": "CALIPSO satellite",
"5725c63438643c19005acca0": "182 million",
"5725c63438643c19005acca1": "1,600",
"5725c63438643c19005acca2": "Amazon basin",
"5725c63438643c19005acca3": "132 million",
"5728455bff5b5019007da078": "NASA's CALIPSO satellite",
"5728455bff5b5019007da079": "182 million tons",
"5728455bff5b5019007da07a": "27.7 million tons (15%",
"5728455bff5b5019007da07b": "132 million tons",
"5728455bff5b5019007da07c": "43 million",
"5729ea263f37b319004785bd": "CALIPSO",
"5729ea263f37b319004785be": "NASA's CALIPSO satellite",
"5729ea263f37b319004785bf": "182 million tons",
"5729ea263f37b319004785c0": "1,600",
"5729ea263f37b319004785c1": "27.7 million",
"5725c95f38643c19005accf3": "Amazonia",
"5725c95f38643c19005accf4": "0.2 inhabitants per square kilometre",
"5725c95f38643c19005accf5": "agriculture",
"5725c95f38643c19005accf6": "anthropological",
"5725c95f38643c19005accf7": "5 million",
"572847dd4b864d19001648bc": "agriculture",
"572847dd4b864d19001648bd": "Betty Meggers",
"572847dd4b864d19001648be": "0.2",
"572847dd4b864d19001648bf": "Amazonia",
"5729eb34af94a219006aa6c9": "Betty Meggers",
"5729eb34af94a219006aa6ca": "Amazonia",
"5729eb34af94a219006aa6cb": "0.2 inhabitants per square kilometre (0.52/sq mi",
"5729eb34af94a219006aa6cc": "5 million",
"5729eb34af94a219006aa6cd": "200,000",
"5725cbb289a1e219009abed2": "Francisco de Orellana",
"5725cbb289a1e219009abed3": "1540s",
"5725cbb289a1e219009abed4": "smallpox",
"5725cbb289a1e219009abed5": "Since the 1970s",
"5725cbb289a1e219009abed6": "1977",
"5729edd56aef051400155112": "Francisco de Orellana",
"5729edd56aef051400155113": "1542",
"5729edd56aef051400155114": "1970s",
"5729edd56aef051400155115": "Dias",
"5729edd56aef051400155116": "11,000",
"5725cf3238643c19005acd61": "black earth",
"5725cf3238643c19005acd62": "large areas",
"5725cf3238643c19005acd63": "agriculture and silviculture",
"5725cf3238643c19005acd64": "Xingu tribe",
"5725cf3238643c19005acd65": "Michael Heckenberger",
"5729ef266aef05140015511c": "Terra preta (black earth",
"5729ef266aef05140015511d": "agriculture and silviculture in the previously hostile environment",
"5729ef266aef05140015511e": "Xingu tribe",
"5729ef266aef05140015511f": "Michael Heckenberger",
"5729ef266aef051400155120": "bridges",
"5725d16aec44d21400f3d61b": "2.5 million",
"5725d16aec44d21400f3d61c": "five",
"5725d16aec44d21400f3d61d": "40,000",
"5725d16aec44d21400f3d61e": "five of the fish species live in Amazonian rivers and streams",
"5725d16aec44d21400f3d61f": "128,843",
"5729f0db6aef051400155126": "2.5 million",
"5729f0db6aef051400155127": "2,000",
"5729f0db6aef051400155128": "2.5 million insect species, tens of thousands of plants, and some 2,000 birds and mammals. To date, at least 40,000",
"5729f0db6aef051400155129": "378",
"5729f0db6aef05140015512a": "five",
"5726722bdd62a815002e8528": "62",
"5726722bdd62a815002e8529": "1,100",
"5726722bdd62a815002e852a": "90,790 tonnes",
"5726722bdd62a815002e852b": "356 \u00b1 47 tonnes per hectare",
"5726722bdd62a815002e852c": "438,000",
"5729f2646aef051400155130": "16,000",
"5729f2646aef051400155131": "1,100",
"5729f2646aef051400155132": "90,790 tonnes",
"5729f2646aef051400155133": "356 \u00b1 47 tonnes",
"5729f2646aef051400155134": "438,000",
"5729f3831d0469140077967b": "electric eels",
"5729f3831d0469140077967c": "black caiman",
"5729f3831d0469140077967d": "piranha",
"5729f3831d0469140077967e": "lipophilic alkaloid toxins",
"5729f3831d0469140077967f": "Vampire bats",
"5729fd56af94a219006aa72f": "Deforestation",
"5729fd56af94a219006aa730": "1960s",
"5729fd56af94a219006aa731": "slash and burn",
"5729fd56af94a219006aa732": "loss of soil fertility and weed invasion",
"5729fd56af94a219006aa733": "naked eye",
"5729feaf6aef051400155188": "587,000",
"5729feaf6aef051400155189": "587,000",
"5729feaf6aef05140015518a": "livestock pasture",
"5729feaf6aef05140015518b": "second-largest global producer of soybeans after the United States",
"5729feaf6aef05140015518c": "Seventy percent of formerly forested land in the Amazon, and 91%",
"572a005f1d046914007796b7": "soy",
"572a005f1d046914007796b8": "increased settlement and deforestation",
"572a005f1d046914007796b9": "22,392 km2 or 8,646 sq mi per year) was 18%",
"572a005f1d046914007796ba": "18%",
"572a005f1d046914007796bb": "increase",
"572a020f6aef051400155198": "biodiversity",
"572a020f6aef051400155199": "destruction of the forest",
"572a020f6aef05140015519a": "loss of biodiversity",
"572a020f6aef05140015519b": "1.1 \u00d7 1011 metric tonnes",
"572a020f6aef05140015519c": "1.1 \u00d7 1011",
"572a03a06aef0514001551aa": "severely reduced rainfall",
"572a03a06aef0514001551ab": "2100",
"572a03a06aef0514001551ac": "2100",
"572a03a06aef0514001551ad": "21st century",
"572a03a06aef0514001551ae": "climate change in addition to deforestation",
"572a064a3f37b3190047865d": "indigenous",
"572a064a3f37b3190047865e": "ethno-biology and community-based",
"572a064a3f37b3190047865f": "deforestation and ecocide",
"572a064a3f37b31900478660": "rainforest communities continue to disappear, while others, like the Urarina",
"572a064a3f37b31900478661": "rainforest",
"572a07c11d046914007796d5": "remote sensing",
"572a07c11d046914007796d6": "Google Earth",
"572a07c11d046914007796d7": "southern Suriname",
"572a07c11d046914007796d8": "handheld GPS devices and programs",
"572a07c11d046914007796d9": "to protect their tribal lands from commercial interests. Using handheld GPS devices and programs",
"572a09abaf94a219006aa75b": "tree growth",
"572a09abaf94a219006aa75c": "tree growth stages",
"572a09abaf94a219006aa75d": "Tatiana Kuplich",
"572a09abaf94a219006aa75e": "2006",
"572a09abaf94a219006aa75f": "Synthetic aperture radar",
"572a0b101d046914007796e9": "2005",
"572a0b101d046914007796ea": "Woods Hole Research Center",
"572a0b101d046914007796eb": "Brazilian National Institute of Amazonian Research",
"572a0b101d046914007796ec": "deforestation",
"572a0b101d046914007796ed": "savanna or desert",
"572a0bebaf94a219006aa76f": "2010",
"572a0bebaf94a219006aa770": "1,160,000",
"572a0bebaf94a219006aa771": "three epicenters",
"572a0bebaf94a219006aa772": "2005",
"572a0bebaf94a219006aa773": "1.5",
"5725c0f289a1e219009abdf2": "a phylum of animals that live in marine waters worldwide. Their most distinctive feature is the \u2018combs\u2019 \u2013 groups of cilia",
"5725c0f289a1e219009abdf3": "groups of cilia",
"5725c0f289a1e219009abdf4": "Increasing awareness",
"5725c0f289a1e219009abdf5": "1.5 m (4 ft",
"5725c0f289a1e219009abdf6": "the \u2018combs\u2019 \u2013 groups of cilia",
"57263eaa38643c19005ad371": "comb jellies",
"57263eaa38643c19005ad372": "1.5 m (4 ft",
"57263eaa38643c19005ad373": "jelly, with one layer of cells on the outside and another lining the internal cavity. In ctenophores, these layers are two cells",
"57263eaa38643c19005ad374": "\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 kteis 'comb' and \u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9 pher\u014d 'carry",
"57263eaa38643c19005ad375": "marine waters worldwide",
"5725c337271a42140099d163": "100\u2013150",
"5725c337271a42140099d164": "tentilla",
"5725c337271a42140099d165": "ten times their own weight",
"5725c337271a42140099d166": "flattened, deep-sea platy",
"5725c337271a42140099d167": "flattened, deep-sea platyctenids, in which the adults of most species lack combs, and the coastal beroids",
"5726400589a1e219009ac5ee": "ten times their own weight",
"5726400589a1e219009ac5ef": "tentilla",
"5726400589a1e219009ac5f0": "flattened, deep-sea platyctenids, in which the adults of most species lack combs, and the coastal beroids",
"5726400589a1e219009ac5f1": "sticky cells",
"5726400589a1e219009ac5f2": "100\u2013150",
"5725c57a89a1e219009abe5e": "eggs and sperm mature at different times",
"5725c57a89a1e219009abe5f": "produce both eggs and sperm at the same time. Others are sequential hermaphrodites, in which the eggs and sperm mature at different times",
"5725c57a89a1e219009abe60": "sequential hermaphrodites",
"5725c57a89a1e219009abe61": "platyctenids",
"5725c57a89a1e219009abe62": "young are miniature beroids",
"5726415bec44d21400f3dcd1": "a single animal can produce both eggs and sperm",
"5726415bec44d21400f3dcd2": "which can produce both eggs and sperm",
"5726415bec44d21400f3dcd3": "eggs and sperm mature at different times",
"5726415bec44d21400f3dcd4": "platyctenids",
"5726415bec44d21400f3dcd5": "platyctenids, whose young live as cydippid-like plankton",
"5725c69738643c19005accb9": "prey",
"5725c69738643c19005accba": "Mnemiopsis",
"5725c69738643c19005accbb": "mitigate the problem, as Beroe prey",
"5725c69738643c19005accbc": "bays",
"5726431d271a42140099d7f5": "bays",
"5726431d271a42140099d7f6": "planktonic plants",
"5726431d271a42140099d7f7": "Mnemiopsis",
"5726431d271a42140099d7f8": "eating",
"5726431d271a42140099d7f9": "accidental introduction of Beroe helped to mitigate the problem, as Beroe prey",
"5725c91e38643c19005acceb": "66 million years ago. Evidence accumulating since the 1980s",
"5725c91e38643c19005accec": "Paleogene extinction",
"5725c91e38643c19005acced": "515 million years ago",
"5725c91e38643c19005accee": "soft, gelatinous bodies",
"5726449f1125e71900ae1928": "515 million years ago",
"5726449f1125e71900ae1929": "extinction",
"5726449f1125e71900ae192a": "extinction",
"5726449f1125e71900ae192b": "tentacles",
"5725cb33271a42140099d1db": "cnidarians",
"5725cb33271a42140099d1dc": "having colloblasts",
"5725cb33271a42140099d1dd": "bilaterians",
"5725cb33271a42140099d1de": "Ctenophores",
"5725cb33271a42140099d1df": "colloblasts",
"572646655951b619008f6ebf": "cnidarians",
"572646655951b619008f6ec0": "colloblasts",
"572646655951b619008f6ec1": "colloblasts",
"572646655951b619008f6ec2": "ctenophores and cnidarians",
"572646655951b619008f6ec3": "bilaterians",
"572647d0708984140094c14b": "mesoglea in cnidarians and ctenophores",
"572647d0708984140094c14c": "diploblastic",
"572647d0708984140094c14d": "ctenophores",
"572647d0708984140094c14e": "sponges",
"572648e8dd62a815002e8076": "cilia",
"572648e8dd62a815002e8077": "hairs",
"572648e8dd62a815002e8078": "ctenes",
"572648e8dd62a815002e8079": "comb-bearing\", from the Greek \u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c2",
"57264a0ef1498d1400e8db40": "cydippid",
"57264a0ef1498d1400e8db41": "Coastal species",
"57264a0ef1498d1400e8db42": "withstand waves and swirling sediment particles",
"57264a0ef1498d1400e8db43": "Pleurobrachia, Beroe and Mnemiopsis",
"57264b1ddd62a815002e80a0": "epithelium",
"57264b1ddd62a815002e80a1": "punctuated by ciliary rosettes",
"57264b1ddd62a815002e80a2": "pharynx",
"57264b1ddd62a815002e80a3": "a mouth that can usually be closed by muscles",
"57264b1ddd62a815002e80a4": "the mouth and pharynx",
"57264cfa708984140094c1c3": "swimming-plates",
"57264cfa708984140094c1c4": "swimming-plates",
"57264cfa708984140094c1c5": "accelerate to six times",
"57264cfa708984140094c1c6": "six times its normal speed; some other species reverse direction",
"57264cfa708984140094c1c7": "2 millimeters",
"57264e66dd62a815002e811a": "rely on osmotic pressure to adapt to water of different densities",
"57264e66dd62a815002e811b": "mesoglea",
"57264e66dd62a815002e811c": "the ciliary rosettes",
"57264e66dd62a815002e811d": "decrease its density, to avoid sinking",
"572655e5f1498d1400e8dc5e": "aboral organ",
"572655e5f1498d1400e8dc5f": "opposite end from the mouth",
"572655e5f1498d1400e8dc60": "a transparent dome made of long, immobile cilia",
"572655e5f1498d1400e8dc61": "a statocyst",
"572655e5f1498d1400e8dc62": "a balance sensor consisting of a statolith",
"57265746dd62a815002e8218": "sea gooseberry",
"57265746dd62a815002e8219": "a pair of long, slender tentacles",
"57265746dd62a815002e821a": "cylindrical or egg-shaped",
"57265746dd62a815002e821b": "plane",
"57265746dd62a815002e821c": "narrow end",
"572658daf1498d1400e8dcac": "tentilla",
"572658daf1498d1400e8dcad": "specialized mushroom-shaped cells",
"572658daf1498d1400e8dcae": "significantly from those of other cydippids: they contain striated muscle",
"572658daf1498d1400e8dcaf": "three",
"572658daf1498d1400e8dcb0": "capturing prey",
"572659ea5951b619008f7051": "eight",
"572659ea5951b619008f7052": "near the mouth to the opposite end, and are spaced evenly round the body",
"572659ea5951b619008f7053": "evenly round the body",
"572659ea5951b619008f7054": "a ciliary groove",
"57265aaf5951b619008f706b": "lobes",
"57265aaf5951b619008f706c": "gelatinous projections edged with cilia",
"57265aaf5951b619008f706d": "four",
"57265aaf5951b619008f706e": "gelatinous projections",
"57265aaf5951b619008f706f": "suspended planktonic prey",
"57265c10f1498d1400e8dd36": "clapping their lobes",
"57265c10f1498d1400e8dd37": "escape from danger",
"57265c10f1498d1400e8dd38": "nerves",
"57265c10f1498d1400e8dd39": "Mexican wave style as the mechanically coordinated comb rows of cydippids and beroids",
"57265d86f1498d1400e8dd50": "Nuda",
"57265d86f1498d1400e8dd51": "Beroida",
"57265d86f1498d1400e8dd52": "narrow strips of adhesive epithelial cells",
"57265d86f1498d1400e8dd53": "tight closure streamlines",
"57265d86f1498d1400e8dd54": "no feeding appendages, but their large pharynx",
"57265e97708984140094c3c3": "The Cestida",
"57265e97708984140094c3c4": "belt animals",
"57265e97708984140094c3c5": "by undulating their bodies",
"57265e97708984140094c3c6": "Venus' gird",
"57265e97708984140094c3c7": "Velamen",
"572681c1dd62a815002e8796": "oval bodies that are flattened in the oral-aboral direction, with a pair of tentilla-bearing tentacles",
"572681c1dd62a815002e8797": "muscular \"foot",
"572681c1dd62a815002e8798": "comb-rows",
"572681c1dd62a815002e8799": "rocks, algae, or the body surfaces of other invertebrates",
"572683075951b619008f7513": "via pores",
"572683075951b619008f7514": "internal fertilization",
"572683075951b619008f7515": "Mnemiopsis",
"572683075951b619008f7516": "the parts of the internal canal network",
"572683075951b619008f7517": "external in most species, but platyctenids",
"572684365951b619008f753f": "tentacles and tentacle sheaths",
"572684365951b619008f7540": "flat, bottom-dwelling platyctenids, the juveniles behave more like true larvae, as they live among the plankton",
"572684365951b619008f7541": "gradually develop the body forms of their parents",
"572684365951b619008f7542": "true larvae",
"572684365951b619008f7543": "Beroe",
"572686fc708984140094c8e5": "disturbed",
"572686fc708984140094c8e6": "are disturbed",
"572686fc708984140094c8e7": "ink",
"572686fc708984140094c8e8": "Juveniles will luminesce more brightly in relation to their body size than adults",
"5726887e708984140094c917": "no",
"5726887e708984140094c918": "jellyfish",
"5726887e708984140094c919": "prey",
"5726887e708984140094c91a": "smaller, weaker swimmers such as rotifers and mollusc and crustacean larvae",
"5726887e708984140094c91b": "Lampea",
"57268a37f1498d1400e8e33c": "low ratio of organic matter to salt and water",
"57268a37f1498d1400e8e33d": "chum salmon, Oncorhynchus keta",
"57268a37f1498d1400e8e33e": "ctenophores can provide a good diet if there are enough of them around. Beroids prey",
"57268a37f1498d1400e8e33f": "Sea",
"57268a37f1498d1400e8e340": "parasites",
"57268c01dd62a815002e8912": "eating both fish larvae and small crustaceans",
"57268c01dd62a815002e8913": "via the ballast tanks of ships",
"57268c01dd62a815002e8914": "1980s",
"57268c01dd62a815002e8915": "faster than normal \u2013 and above all by the absence of efficient predators on these introduced ctenophores. Mnemiopsis populations",
"57268c01dd62a815002e8916": "overfishing, and by eutrophication",
"57268da7f1498d1400e8e39c": "soft, gelatinous bodies",
"57268da7f1498d1400e8e39d": "jelly",
"57268da7f1498d1400e8e39e": "mid-Cambrian",
"57268da7f1498d1400e8e39f": "Three",
"57268da7f1498d1400e8e3a0": "tentacles",
"57268f05dd62a815002e8990": "515 million years ago",
"57268f05dd62a815002e8991": "Stromatoveris",
"57268f05dd62a815002e8992": "Stromatoveris",
"57268f05dd62a815002e8993": "sessile frond-like fossil Stromatoveris, from China's Chengjiang lagerst\u00e4tte",
"57268f05dd62a815002e8994": "Ediacaran period",
"57269016708984140094ca41": "Bilateria",
"57269016708984140094ca42": "lack any true hox genes",
"572691bedd62a815002e89dc": "beroids",
"572691bedd62a815002e89dd": "monophyletic",
"572691bedd62a815002e89de": "2001",
"572691bedd62a815002e89df": "Richard Harbison",
"5725ce4d38643c19005acd4d": "Fresno",
"5725ce4d38643c19005acd4e": "approximately 220 miles",
"5725ce4d38643c19005acd4f": "ash tree",
"5725ce4d38643c19005acd50": "ash tree",
"5725ce4d38643c19005acd51": "\u02c8fr\u025bzno\u028a/ FREZ-noh",
"5725cfd0271a42140099d225": "1872",
"5725cfd0271a42140099d226": "flooding",
"5725cfd0271a42140099d227": "1885",
"5725cfd0271a42140099d228": "47",
"5725cfd0271a42140099d229": "the Central Pacific Railroad",
"5725d183271a42140099d23d": "2.7%",
"5725d183271a42140099d23e": "Chinatown",
"5725d183271a42140099d23f": "Pinedale",
"5725d183271a42140099d240": "Fresno Fairgrounds",
"5725d183271a42140099d241": "an assembly",
"5725d34aec44d21400f3d639": "BankAmericard",
"5725d34aec44d21400f3d63a": "BankAmericard",
"5725d34aec44d21400f3d63b": "revolve a balance",
"5725d34aec44d21400f3d63c": "1976",
"5725d34aec44d21400f3d63d": "Visa Inc",
"5725d42a89a1e219009abf58": "Bill Aken",
"5725d42a89a1e219009abf59": "Bob Gallion",
"5725d42a89a1e219009abf5a": "Madera",
"5725d42a89a1e219009abf5b": "western show",
"5725d42a89a1e219009abf5c": "Lupe Mayorga",
"5725d662ec44d21400f3d687": "three",
"5725d662ec44d21400f3d688": "Roeding Park",
"5725d662ec44d21400f3d689": "Kearney Park",
"5725d662ec44d21400f3d68a": "Woodward Park",
"5725d662ec44d21400f3d68b": "Kearney Park",
"5725d7e438643c19005acdf9": "1880s and World War II",
"5725d7e438643c19005acdfa": "San Joaquin Valley's most beautiful architectural buildings. Among them, the original Fresno County Courthouse",
"5725d7e438643c19005acdfb": "San Joaquin Light & Power Building",
"5725d7e438643c19005acdfc": "Hughes Hotel",
"5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b3": "1964",
"5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b4": "Fulton Mall",
"5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b5": "Pierre-Auguste Renoir",
"5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b6": "Fulton Mall",
"5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b7": "art pieces",
"5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c5": "southeast side",
"5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c6": "Kings Canyon Avenue and Clovis Avenue",
"5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c7": "1950s through the 1970s",
"5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c8": "Fresno",
"5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c9": "William P. Bell",
"5725dd7d89a1e219009abfea": "The popular neighborhood known as the Tower District is centered around the historic Tower Theatre",
"5725dd7d89a1e219009abfeb": "1939",
"5725dd7d89a1e219009abfec": "water tower",
"5725dd7d89a1e219009abfed": "college moved to what is now the site of Fresno City College one-half mile north of the Tower",
"5725dd7d89a1e219009abfee": "one-half mile south",
"5725e1c4271a42140099d2d7": "late 1970s",
"5725e1c4271a42140099d2d8": "second and third run movies",
"5725e1c4271a42140099d2d9": "1978",
"5725e1c4271a42140099d2da": "Fresno",
"5725e1c4271a42140099d2db": "Evita and The Wiz",
"5725e45689a1e219009ac048": "restaurants",
"5725e45689a1e219009ac049": "within a few hundred feet",
"5725e45689a1e219009ac04a": "Tower District",
"5725e45689a1e219009ac04b": "Tower District",
"5725e45689a1e219009ac04c": "Tower District",
"5725e748ec44d21400f3d733": "early twentieth century homes",
"5725e748ec44d21400f3d734": "Storybook",
"5725e748ec44d21400f3d735": "contrasts with the newer areas of tract homes urban sprawl in north and east areas of Fresno.",
"5725e748ec44d21400f3d736": "early twentieth century homes, many of which have been restored in recent decades",
"5725ec8289a1e219009ac0ae": "Huntington Boulevard",
"5725ec8289a1e219009ac0af": "William Stranahan",
"5725ec8289a1e219009ac0b0": "1914",
"5725ec8289a1e219009ac0b1": "large",
"5725ec8289a1e219009ac0b2": "fervor. A mere half decade later the tract had 267 homes. This rapid development was no doubt hastened by the Fresno Traction Company",
"5725edfe38643c19005ace9f": "Southwest Fresno",
"5725edfe38643c19005acea0": "southwest",
"5725edfe38643c19005acea1": "African-American",
"5725edfe38643c19005acea2": "Hmong",
"5725edfe38643c19005acea3": "Nielsen Ave",
"5725f00938643c19005aced7": "early 20th century entrepreneur and millionaire M. Theo Kearney",
"5725f00938643c19005aced8": "tall palm trees",
"5725f00938643c19005aced9": "Fresno Street and Thorne Ave",
"5725f00938643c19005aceda": "Elm, was given the name by the Fresno City Council",
"5725f00938643c19005acedb": "Dogg Pound",
"5725f190ec44d21400f3d76f": "1960s and 1990s",
"5725f190ec44d21400f3d770": "Fresno and B streets",
"5725f190ec44d21400f3d771": "Meat Solutions",
"5725f190ec44d21400f3d772": "Chandler",
"5725f190ec44d21400f3d773": "99",
"5725f2c838643c19005aceed": "Ralph Woodward",
"5725f2c838643c19005aceee": "300",
"5725f2c838643c19005aceef": "three",
"5725f2c838643c19005acef0": "22",
"5725f2c838643c19005acef1": "April",
"5725f46289a1e219009ac0fa": "1946",
"5725f46289a1e219009ac0fb": "William Smilie",
"5725f46289a1e219009ac0fc": "Sierra Sky Park",
"5725f46289a1e219009ac0fd": "automobiles",
"5725f46289a1e219009ac0fe": "numerous such communities across the United States and around the world",
"5725f5b1271a42140099d371": "mild, moist winters and hot and dry summers, thus displaying Mediterranean characteristics",
"5725f5b1271a42140099d372": "July",
"5725f5b1271a42140099d373": "46.5 \u00b0F",
"5725f5b1271a42140099d374": "northwest, as winds are driven downward along the axis of the California Central Valley",
"5725f5b1271a42140099d375": "July and August",
"5725f6e138643c19005acf19": "115 \u00b0F",
"5725f6e138643c19005acf1a": "July 8, 1905, while the official record low is 17 \u00b0F (\u22128 \u00b0C), set on January 6, 1913",
"5725f6e138643c19005acf1b": "1885",
"5725f6e138643c19005acf1c": "2 mm) on November 18, 1885. Measurable precipitation falls",
"5725f6e138643c19005acf1d": "one month was 9.54 inches (242.3 mm",
"5725f7cd38643c19005acf23": "494,665",
"5725f7cd38643c19005acf24": "494,665",
"5725f7cd38643c19005acf25": "8,525",
"5725f7cd38643c19005acf26": "984 (22.6%) from other races, and 24,513 (5.0%",
"5725f7cd38643c19005acf27": "4,404.5",
"5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b1": "68,511",
"5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b2": "11,698",
"5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b3": "1,388 (0.9%",
"5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b4": "65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.07. There were 111,529 families (70.4%",
"5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b5": "65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.07. There were 111,529 families (70.4%",
"5725fabc89a1e219009ac128": "427,652",
"5725fabc89a1e219009ac129": "149,025",
"5725fabc89a1e219009ac12a": "8.4%",
"5725fabc89a1e219009ac12b": "2%",
"5725fabc89a1e219009ac12c": "4,097.9 people per square mile",
"5725fb8138643c19005acf3f": "To avoid interference with existing VHF television stations in the San Francisco Bay Area",
"5725fb8138643c19005acf40": "KMJ-TV",
"5725fb8138643c19005acf41": "June 1, 1953",
"5725fb8138643c19005acf42": "NBC affiliate KSEE",
"5725fb8138643c19005acf43": "KGPE",
"5725fcbe271a42140099d3ad": "State Route 99",
"5725fcbe271a42140099d3ae": "Sierra Freeway",
"5725fcbe271a42140099d3af": "State Route 41",
"5725fcbe271a42140099d3b0": "west",
"5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7dd": "Fresno",
"5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7de": "1950s",
"5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7df": "Route 99",
"5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7e0": "Federal funding",
"5725ff8238643c19005acf49": "Amtrak San Joaquins",
"5725ff8238643c19005acf4a": "Downtown Fresno",
"5725ff8238643c19005acf4b": "Bakersfield-Stockton mainlines",
"5725ff8238643c19005acf4c": "San Joaquin Valley Railroad",
"5725ff8238643c19005acf4d": "Fresno",
"5725d34089a1e219009abf50": "Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching",
"5725d34089a1e219009abf51": "to provide a fault-tolerant, efficient routing method for telecommunication messages",
"5725d34089a1e219009abf52": "theretofore established principles of pre-allocation of network bandwidth",
"5725d34089a1e219009abf53": "National Physical Laboratory (United Kingdom) (NPL) in the late 1960s. Davies is credited with coining",
"572632ceec44d21400f3dc2f": "Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching",
"572632ceec44d21400f3dc30": "to provide a fault-tolerant, efficient routing method for telecommunication messages",
"572632ceec44d21400f3dc31": "Donald Davies at the National Physical Laboratory (United Kingdom) (NPL) in the late 1960s. Davies",
"5725d52f89a1e219009abf78": "networking paradigm",
"5725d52f89a1e219009abf79": "a fee per unit of connection time",
"5725d52f89a1e219009abf7a": "a fee per unit of information transmitted",
"572634a789a1e219009ac56c": "principal networking paradigm",
"572634a789a1e219009ac56d": "a fee per unit of connection time",
"572634a789a1e219009ac56e": "a fee per unit of connection time",
"572634a789a1e219009ac56f": "a fee per unit of connection time",
"5726219489a1e219009ac2d0": "radio or 10BASE5",
"5726356938643c19005ad2ff": "with or without intermediate forwarding nodes",
"5726356938643c19005ad300": "by intermediate network nodes asynchronously using first-in, first-out buffering",
"5726356938643c19005ad301": "according to a multiple access scheme",
"5726249538643c19005ad07f": "distributed adaptive message block switching",
"5726249538643c19005ad080": "distributed adaptive message block switching",
"5726249538643c19005ad081": "use of a decentralized network",
"5726249538643c19005ad082": "packets",
"57263677ec44d21400f3dc49": "distributed adaptive message block switching",
"57263677ec44d21400f3dc4a": "RM 3420",
"57263677ec44d21400f3dc4b": "use of a decentralized network",
"57263677ec44d21400f3dc4c": "packets",
"572629c6271a42140099d6a3": "message routing methodology",
"572629c6271a42140099d6a4": "packet switching",
"572629c6271a42140099d6a5": "nationwide network",
"572629c6271a42140099d6a6": "the ARPANET",
"5726378238643c19005ad313": "Donald Davies",
"5726378238643c19005ad314": "packet switching",
"5726378238643c19005ad315": "Operating System Principles",
"5726385e271a42140099d797": "complete addressing information",
"5726385e271a42140099d798": "individually",
"5726385e271a42140099d799": "a destination address, source address, and port numbers",
"5726385e271a42140099d79a": "a dedicated path to help the packet find its way to its destination",
"5726398589a1e219009ac588": "a setup phase",
"5726398589a1e219009ac589": "address information",
"5726398589a1e219009ac58a": "Acceptable values for service parameters may be negotiated. Routing a packet requires the node to look up the connection",
"5726398589a1e219009ac58b": "any information, such as length, times",
"57263b1638643c19005ad333": "handshake",
"57263b1638643c19005ad334": "interconnect LANs",
"57263b1638643c19005ad335": "Internet Protocol",
"57263b1638643c19005ad336": "A typical configuration is to run IP over ATM or a version of MPLS. <Uyless Black, X.25 and Related Protocols",
"57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7b": "1969",
"57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7c": "the division of functions and tasks between the hosts at the edge of the network and the network core",
"57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7d": "datagram protocol",
"57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7e": "suite",
"57263cfcec44d21400f3dc8d": "plug-n-play system",
"57263cfcec44d21400f3dc8e": "allowed local area networks to be established ad hoc without the requirement for a centralized router or server",
"57263cfcec44d21400f3dc8f": "addresses",
"57263cfcec44d21400f3dc90": "plug-n-play",
"57263dcd89a1e219009ac5a2": "CYCLADES packet switching network",
"57263dcd89a1e219009ac5a3": "CYCLADES packet switching network",
"57263dcd89a1e219009ac5a4": "using unreliable datagrams and associated end-to-end protocol mechanisms",
"57263dcd89a1e219009ac5a5": "ARPANET architecture",
"57263ea0271a42140099d7c3": "a suite of network protocols",
"57263ea0271a42140099d7c4": "to connect two PDP-11 minicomputers",
"57263ea0271a42140099d7c5": "seven",
"57263ea0271a42140099d7c6": "networking powerhouse",
"57263fd138643c19005ad37b": "a high-level marketing manager",
"57263fd138643c19005ad37c": "Schenectady, Phoenix, Chicago, and Phoenix) to facilitate a computer time-sharing service",
"57263fd138643c19005ad37d": "could be profitable",
"57263fd138643c19005ad37e": "a high-level marketing manager",
"5726414e271a42140099d7e5": "Michigan Educational Research Information Triad to explore computer networking between three of Michigan's public universities as a means to help the state's educational and economic development",
"5726414e271a42140099d7e6": "the CDC mainframe",
"5726414e271a42140099d7e7": "National Science Foundation",
"57264228ec44d21400f3dcf5": "first FCC-licensed public data network",
"57264228ec44d21400f3dcf6": "Larry Roberts",
"57264228ec44d21400f3dcf7": "a means of making ARPANET technology public",
"57264228ec44d21400f3dcf8": "ARPANET",
"57264228ec44d21400f3dcf9": "GTE",
"5726431aec44d21400f3dd13": "an international data communications network",
"5726431aec44d21400f3dd14": "dial-up connections or dedicated async connections",
"5726431aec44d21400f3dd15": "via dial-up connections or dedicated async connections",
"5726431aec44d21400f3dd16": "government agencies and large companies (mostly banks and airlines) to build their own dedicated networks",
"5726431aec44d21400f3dd17": "build their own dedicated networks",
"572643de5951261400b5195a": "two",
"572643de5951261400b5195b": "Bell Northern Research",
"572643de5951261400b5195c": "interconnection of national X.25 networks",
"5726446a89cfff1900a8404d": "public packet-switched data network",
"5726446a89cfff1900a8404e": "applications such as on-line betting, financial applications",
"5726446a89cfff1900a8404f": "remote terminal access to academic institutions",
"57264586f1498d1400e8dac6": "the public switched data network",
"57264586f1498d1400e8dac7": "the network",
"57264586f1498d1400e8dac8": "the network",
"57264586f1498d1400e8dac9": "incorrect",
"5726462b708984140094c117": "Computer Science Network",
"5726462b708984140094c118": "extend networking benefits",
"5726462b708984140094c119": "authorization",
"5726472bdd62a815002e8042": "a not-for-profit United States computer networking consortium",
"5726472bdd62a815002e8043": "Qwest",
"5726472bdd62a815002e8044": "Abilene",
"5726472bdd62a815002e8045": "Qwest",
"5726472bdd62a815002e8046": "Abilene",
"572647e2dd62a815002e805c": "National Science Foundation Network",
"572647e2dd62a815002e805d": "advanced research and education networking",
"572647e2dd62a815002e805e": "National Science Foundation Network",
"572648d1708984140094c15d": "high-speed Backbone Network Service",
"572648d1708984140094c15e": "high-speed Backbone Network Service",
"572648d1708984140094c15f": "MCI Telecommunications",
"572648d1708984140094c160": "100",
"572648d1708984140094c161": "a substantial engineering feat for that time. The vBNS",
"57264684708984140094c123": "arid plains of Central Asia",
"57264684708984140094c124": "killed 30\u201360% of Europe's total population",
"57264684708984140094c125": "30\u201360%",
"57264684708984140094c126": "17th century",
"57264684708984140094c127": "19th century",
"572647935951b619008f6ec9": "plague disease, caused by Yersinia pestis, is enzootic (commonly present) in populations of fleas carried by ground rodents",
"572647935951b619008f6eca": "1338\u201339",
"572647935951b619008f6ecb": "China and India",
"572647935951b619008f6ecc": "1331",
"572647935951b619008f6ecd": "25 million",
"57264845f1498d1400e8db0a": "Genoese traders",
"57264845f1498d1400e8db0b": "Mongol army",
"57264845f1498d1400e8db0c": "infected corpses over the city walls of Kaffa to infect the inhabitants",
"57264845f1498d1400e8db0d": "port city of Kaffa",
"57264845f1498d1400e8db0e": "Black Death",
"572648ed5951b619008f6f03": "northwest",
"572648ed5951b619008f6f04": "northwestern Russia",
"572648ed5951b619008f6f05": "their neighbours",
"572648ed5951b619008f6f06": "Germany and Scandinavia",
"572648ed5951b619008f6f07": "1349",
"57264991f1498d1400e8db2e": "serious depopulation",
"57264991f1498d1400e8db2f": "autumn 1347",
"57264991f1498d1400e8db30": "through the port's trade with Constantinople, and ports on the Black Sea",
"57264991f1498d1400e8db31": "north, most of them dying during the journey, but the infection had been spread to the people of Asia",
"57264a74708984140094c18b": "Gasquet",
"57264a74708984140094c18c": "atra mors",
"57264a74708984140094c18d": "Gasquet",
"57264a74708984140094c18e": "1823",
"57264a74708984140094c18f": "gradually becoming attached to the mid 14th-century epidemic",
"57264b3edd62a815002e80aa": "heavens",
"57264b3edd62a815002e80ab": "king of France",
"57264b3edd62a815002e80ac": "bad air",
"57264b3edd62a815002e80ad": "Miasma theory",
"57264c42dd62a815002e80c6": "Yersinia pestis",
"57264c42dd62a815002e80c7": "Hong Kong in 1894",
"57264c42dd62a815002e80c8": "Alexandre Yersin",
"57264c42dd62a815002e80c9": "pestis",
"57264c42dd62a815002e80ca": "starvation",
"57264cc6dd62a815002e80e4": "Francis Aidan Gasquet",
"57264cc6dd62a815002e80e5": "ordinary Eastern or bubonic plague",
"57264cc6dd62a815002e80e6": "1908",
"57264cc6dd62a815002e80e7": "Great Pestilence",
"57264cc6dd62a815002e80e8": "Justinian plague",
"57264d58f1498d1400e8db7a": "30\u201375%",
"57264d58f1498d1400e8db7b": "38\u201341 \u00b0C",
"57264d58f1498d1400e8db7c": "80 percent",
"57264d58f1498d1400e8db7d": "90 to 95 percent",
"57264d58f1498d1400e8db7e": "purple",
"57264e2f708984140094c1e1": "October 2010",
"57264e2f708984140094c1e2": "Yersinia pestis",
"57264e2f708984140094c1e3": "Polymerase Chain Reaction",
"57264e2f708984140094c1e4": "northern, central and southern Europe",
"57264e2f708984140094c1e5": "a new investigation into the role of Yersinia pestis in the Black Death",
"57264f18f1498d1400e8dbae": "genetic branches",
"57264f18f1498d1400e8dbaf": "medieval",
"57264f18f1498d1400e8dbb0": "entered Europe in two waves",
"57264f18f1498d1400e8dbb1": "November 1347",
"57264f18f1498d1400e8dbb2": "spring of 1349",
"57264fe65951b619008f6fa1": "amended",
"57264fe65951b619008f6fa2": "East Smithfield",
"57264fe65951b619008f6fa3": "plague victims and indicated that the strain that caused the Black Death is ancestral to most modern strains of the disease",
"57264fe65951b619008f6fa4": "October 2011",
"5726509bdd62a815002e815a": "J. F. D. Shrewsbury",
"5726509bdd62a815002e815b": "rates of mortality in rural areas during the 14th-century pandemic were inconsistent with the modern bubonic plague",
"5726509bdd62a815002e815c": "contemporary accounts were exaggerations",
"5726509bdd62a815002e815d": "zoologist Graham Twigg produced the first major work to challenge the bubonic plague theory",
"5726509bdd62a815002e815e": "Samuel K. Cohn, Jr",
"5726516a708984140094c223": "epidemiological account",
"5726516a708984140094c224": "lack of reliable statistics",
"5726516a708984140094c225": "over 100%",
"5726516a708984140094c226": "clergy",
"5726516a708984140094c227": "1377",
"57265285708984140094c25b": "the DNA results may be flawed and might not have been repeated elsewhere",
"57265285708984140094c25c": "marginal significance",
"57265285708984140094c25d": "the DNA results may be flawed and might not have been repeated elsewhere",
"57265285708984140094c25e": "15 years, differs from modern bubonic plague\u2014which often becomes endemic for decades",
"57265285708984140094c25f": "15",
"5726534d708984140094c26d": "plague",
"5726534d708984140094c26e": "anthrax",
"5726534d708984140094c26f": "hemorrhagic plague",
"5726534d708984140094c270": "smallpox and respiratory infections. In addition to the bubonic infection, others point to additional septicemic (a type of \"blood poisoning",
"5726534d708984140094c271": "25",
"5726542ff1498d1400e8dc28": "40%",
"5726542ff1498d1400e8dc29": "100,000",
"5726542ff1498d1400e8dc2a": "vulnerable to contagion",
"5726542ff1498d1400e8dc2b": "170,000",
"5726542ff1498d1400e8dc2c": "Germany",
"572654e2708984140094c2b7": "14th to 17th centuries",
"572654e2708984140094c2b8": "somewhere in Europe in every year between 1346 and 1671",
"572654e2708984140094c2b9": "almost a million",
"5726559edd62a815002e81c8": "preincident population figures from as high as 7 million to as low as 4 million",
"5726559edd62a815002e81c9": "1350",
"5726559edd62a815002e81ca": "10\u201315%",
"5726559edd62a815002e81cb": "1665",
"57265642f1498d1400e8dc68": "40,000",
"57265642f1498d1400e8dc69": "Russia",
"57265642f1498d1400e8dc6a": "22 times",
"57265642f1498d1400e8dc6b": "Plague",
"57265642f1498d1400e8dc6c": "1654",
"57265700dd62a815002e820e": "1.7 million",
"57265700dd62a815002e820f": "about half of Naples' 300,000 inhabitants",
"57265700dd62a815002e8210": "about half of Naples' 300,000",
"57265700dd62a815002e8211": "Sweden v. Russia and allies",
"57265700dd62a815002e8212": "1720",
"5726577f708984140094c301": "1500 and 1850",
"5726577f708984140094c302": "30 to 50 thousand",
"5726577f708984140094c303": "second quarter of the 19th century",
"5726577f708984140094c304": "two-thirds",
"572657d9dd62a815002e8230": "melt",
"572657d9dd62a815002e8231": "igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic",
"572657d9dd62a815002e8232": "igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic",
"572657d9dd62a815002e8233": "igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic",
"572657d9dd62a815002e8234": "heat and pressure",
"57265d08708984140094c397": "seafloor spreading",
"57265d08708984140094c398": "crust and rigid uppermost portion of the upper mantle",
"57265d08708984140094c399": "asthenosphere",
"57265d08708984140094c39a": "mantle",
"57265d08708984140094c39b": "1960s",
"57265f605951b619008f70db": "Mid-ocean ridges",
"57265f605951b619008f70dc": "convergent boundaries",
"57265f605951b619008f70dd": "Transform boundaries, such as the San Andreas fault system",
"57265f605951b619008f70de": "Alfred Wegener",
"57265f605951b619008f70df": "crust",
"57266193dd62a815002e832a": "seismic waves",
"57266193dd62a815002e832b": "interior",
"57266193dd62a815002e832c": "crust and lithosphere",
"57266193dd62a815002e832d": "410 and 660 kilometers",
"57266193dd62a815002e832e": "wave speeds",
"572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf2": "most recent eon with an expanded scale",
"572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf4": "Quaternary",
"572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf5": "Holocene",
"572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf6": "fourth",
"572665ff708984140094c4c3": "cross-cutting relationships",
"572665ff708984140094c4c4": "younger",
"572665ff708984140094c4c5": "key bed",
"572665ff708984140094c4c6": "younger",
"572667e2f1498d1400e8de90": "xenoliths",
"572667e2f1498d1400e8de91": "magma or lava flows",
"572667e2f1498d1400e8de92": "clasts",
"572667e2f1498d1400e8de93": "older",
"572667e2f1498d1400e8de94": "gravel",
"572669a9dd62a815002e8416": "faunal succession",
"572669a9dd62a815002e8417": "William Smith",
"572669a9dd62a815002e8418": "sedimentary strata",
"572669a9dd62a815002e8419": "organisms",
"572669a9dd62a815002e841a": "Charles Darwin",
"57266c015951b619008f7237": "beginning of the 20th century",
"57266c015951b619008f7238": "stratigraphic",
"57266c015951b619008f7239": "absolute",
"57266c015951b619008f723a": "one another",
"57266c015951b619008f723b": "fossil sequences",
"57266e72f1498d1400e8df8c": "calibrate relative dating techniques. These methods can also be used to determine ages of pluton",
"57266e72f1498d1400e8df8d": "closure temperature",
"57266e72f1498d1400e8df8e": "isotope",
"57266e72f1498d1400e8df8f": "stratigraphic sequence",
"5726701add62a815002e84c8": "horizontal compression",
"5726701add62a815002e84c9": "shallow crust",
"5726701add62a815002e84ca": "antiforms",
"5726701add62a815002e84cb": "antiforms",
"5726701add62a815002e84cc": "buckles",
"572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe4": "Extension",
"572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe5": "boudins",
"572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe6": "Maria Fold and Thrust Belt",
"572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe7": "metamorphosed",
"572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe8": "the rock units as a whole to become longer and thinner",
"572673f5708984140094c69b": "lavas accumulate on the surface, and igneous intrusions enter from below. Dikes",
"572673f5708984140094c69c": "Canadian shield, or rings",
"572673f5708984140094c69d": "topographic",
"572673f5708984140094c69e": "Continual motion along the fault",
"572673f5708984140094c69f": "Deformational events",
"57267640f1498d1400e8e074": "layered basaltic lava flows",
"57267640f1498d1400e8e075": "Acasta",
"57267640f1498d1400e8e076": "sedimentary",
"57267640f1498d1400e8e077": "Cambrian time",
"57267640f1498d1400e8e078": "Canada",
"572677e7708984140094c723": "study of rocks",
"572677e7708984140094c724": "sedimentary layers",
"572677e7708984140094c725": "positions of rock units and their deformation",
"572677e7708984140094c726": "soils",
"57267947f1498d1400e8e0ec": "rocks",
"57267947f1498d1400e8e0ed": "interference",
"57267947f1498d1400e8e0ee": "evolution",
"57267947f1498d1400e8e0ef": "the laboratory",
"57267947f1498d1400e8e0f0": "petrographic",
"57267b3c5951b619008f7423": "temperatures and pressures at which different mineral phases appear, and how they change through igneous and metamorphic processes",
"57267b3c5951b619008f7424": "pressures",
"57267b3c5951b619008f7425": "metamorphic processes",
"57267d52708984140094c7d9": "microscopic analysis of oriented thin sections of geologic samples to observe the fabric",
"57267d52708984140094c7da": "microscopic analysis of oriented thin sections of geologic samples to observe the fabric within the rocks which gives information about strain",
"57267d52708984140094c7db": "reconstruct the history of rock deformation",
"57267d52708984140094c7dc": "analog and numerical",
"57267ebfdd62a815002e872c": "orogenic wedges",
"57267ebfdd62a815002e872d": "orogenic wedges",
"57267ebfdd62a815002e872e": "sand",
"57267ebfdd62a815002e872f": "orogenic wedge",
"57267ebfdd62a815002e8730": "erosion",
"57268066708984140094c821": "stratigraphers",
"57268066708984140094c822": "geophysical",
"57268066708984140094c823": "well logs",
"57268066708984140094c824": "computer programs",
"57268066708984140094c825": "coal, and hydrocarbon",
"57268220f1498d1400e8e216": "biostratigraphers",
"57268220f1498d1400e8e217": "Geochronologists",
"57268220f1498d1400e8e218": "to provide better absolute bounds on the timing and rates of deposition",
"57268220f1498d1400e8e219": "Magnetic stratigraphers",
"572683f95951b619008f7525": "Persia",
"572683f95951b619008f7526": "Abu al-Rayhan al-Biruni",
"572683f95951b619008f7527": "stratum",
"572683f95951b619008f7528": "stratum in a mountain hundreds of miles from the ocean",
"572683f95951b619008f7529": "earthquakes",
"57268527708984140094c8bf": "James Hutton",
"57268527708984140094c8c0": "Theory of the Earth",
"57268527708984140094c8c1": "1795",
"57268527708984140094c8c2": "his theory that the Earth must be much older",
"572686ac5951b619008f75a9": "William Maclure",
"572686ac5951b619008f75aa": "1809",
"572686ac5951b619008f75ab": "1809",
"572686ac5951b619008f75ac": "American Philosophical Society",
"572686ac5951b619008f75ad": "Observations on the Geology of the United States explanatory of a Geological Map",
"57268882f1498d1400e8e306": "Principles of Geology",
"57268882f1498d1400e8e307": "uniformitarianism",
"57268882f1498d1400e8e308": "catastrophism",
"57268882f1498d1400e8e309": "catastrophism",
"57268882f1498d1400e8e30a": "Charles Darwin",
"5726d8bd708984140094d35b": "pharma",
"5726d8bd708984140094d35c": "tobacco and patent medicines",
"5726d8bd708984140094d35d": "sorcery or even poison",
"5726d8bd708984140094d35e": "large extent. The pharmas also used many other herbs",
"5726d8bd708984140094d35f": "surgery and midwifery",
"5726d9935951b619008f7fed": "healthcare",
"5726d9935951b619008f7fee": "optimal",
"5726d9935951b619008f7fef": "drug",
"5726d9935951b619008f7ff0": "optimisation of a drug treatment",
"5726d9935951b619008f7ff1": "specialised education and training who perform various roles to ensure optimal health outcomes for their patients through the quality use of medicines",
"5726da89dd62a815002e92b2": "senior pharmacy technicians",
"5726da89dd62a815002e92b3": "General Pharmaceutical Council (GPhC) register. The GPhC",
"5726da89dd62a815002e92b4": "General Pharmaceutical Council (GPhC) register",
"5726da89dd62a815002e92b5": "health care professional",
"5726da89dd62a815002e92b6": "manage the pharmacy department and specialised areas in pharmacy practice",
"5726db5add62a815002e92d4": "Carystus",
"5726db5add62a815002e92d5": "writing a five volume book",
"5726db5add62a815002e92d6": "De Materia Medica",
"5726db5add62a815002e92d7": "the term materia",
"5726db5add62a815002e92d8": "middle eastern scientists",
"5726dcbddd62a815002e9320": "highly respected",
"5726dcbddd62a815002e9321": "Taih\u014d Code",
"5726dcbddd62a815002e9322": "the pharmacists",
"5726dcbddd62a815002e9323": "highly stable hierarchy, the pharmacists\u2014and even pharmacist assistants",
"5726dcbddd62a815002e9324": "household",
"5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee04": "botany and chemistry led medicine",
"5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee05": "Muhammad ibn Zakar\u012bya R\u0101zi",
"5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee06": "Avicenna",
"5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee07": "sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate, and drew attention to the poisonous nature of copper compounds",
"5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee08": "Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi",
"5726deed5951b619008f80c5": "15th century",
"5726deed5951b619008f80c6": "Church of Santa Maria Novella in Florence, Italy",
"5726deed5951b619008f80c7": "Ll\u00edvia",
"5726deed5951b619008f80c8": "perfume",
"5726deed5951b619008f80c9": "1221",
"5726e08e5951b619008f810f": "pharmacy legislation",
"5726e08e5951b619008f8110": "automation",
"5726e08e5951b619008f8111": "automation",
"5726e08e5951b619008f8112": "automation",
"5726e08e5951b619008f8113": "the dispensary",
"5726e179dd62a815002e93ae": "hospitals",
"5726e179dd62a815002e93af": "pharmacy",
"5726e179dd62a815002e93b0": "patient compliance issues",
"5726e179dd62a815002e93b1": "clinical pharmacists",
"5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb2": "the premises of the hospital",
"5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb3": "unit-dose",
"5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb4": "high risk preparations and some other compounding functions",
"5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb5": "drug-related technology",
"5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb6": "stock a larger range of medications",
"5726e3c4dd62a815002e9404": "direct patient care services",
"5726e3c4dd62a815002e9405": "inside hospitals and clinics",
"5726e3c4dd62a815002e9406": "physicians and other healthcare professionals",
"5726e3c4dd62a815002e9407": "patient care rounds drug product selection",
"5726e3c4dd62a815002e9408": "all health care settings",
"5726e5c95951b619008f81cb": "creating a comprehensive drug therapy plan for patient-specific problems, identifying goals of therapy",
"5726e5c95951b619008f81cc": "prior to dispensing and administration to the patient",
"5726e5c95951b619008f81cd": "patient-specific problems",
"5726e5c95951b619008f81ce": "potential drug interactions, adverse drug reactions, and assess patient drug allergies while designing and initiating a drug therapy",
"5726e985dd62a815002e94da": "independent prescribing authority",
"5726e985dd62a815002e94db": "North Carolina and New Mexico",
"5726e985dd62a815002e94dc": "2011",
"5726e985dd62a815002e94dd": "Certified Ambulatory Care Pharmacist and these pharmacists will carry the initials BCACP",
"5726e985dd62a815002e94de": "the VA, the Indian Health Service, and NIH) ambulatory care pharmacists",
"5726ea985951b619008f8261": "medication regimen review",
"5726ea985951b619008f8262": "nursing homes",
"5726ea985951b619008f8263": "Omnicare, Kindred Healthcare and PharMerica",
"5726ea985951b619008f8264": "medications",
"5726ea985951b619008f8265": "consulting services",
"5726eb4b5951b619008f826b": "2000",
"5726eb4b5951b619008f826c": "brick-and-mortar community pharmacies",
"5726eb4b5951b619008f826d": "online pharmacies) are also recommended to some patients by their physicians",
"5726eb4b5951b619008f826e": "more convenient and private method",
"5726eb4b5951b619008f826f": "the method by which the medications are requested and received",
"5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f00c": "to avoid the \"inconvenience\" of visiting a doctor or to obtain medications which their doctors were unwilling to prescribe",
"5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f00d": "those who feel that only doctors",
"5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f00e": "potentially dangerous",
"5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f00f": "prescription drugs",
"5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f010": "sell prescription drugs",
"5726edecdd62a815002e957f": "medical purpose",
"5726ef73f1498d1400e8f05e": "the ease with which people, youth in particular, can obtain controlled substances",
"5726ef73f1498d1400e8f05f": "medical purpose",
"5726ef73f1498d1400e8f060": "ensure that the prescription is valid. Often, individual state laws",
"5726ef73f1498d1400e8f061": "prescription is valid. Often, individual state laws",
"5726ef73f1498d1400e8f062": "Vicodin",
"5726f0e35951b619008f82f7": "reduce consumer costs",
"5726f0e35951b619008f82f8": "Canada",
"5726f0e35951b619008f82f9": "Food and Drug Administration",
"5726f0e35951b619008f82fa": "no known case of any U.S. citizens buying Canadian drugs for personal use with a prescription, who has ever been charged by authorities",
"5726f0e35951b619008f82fb": "legalize importation of medications",
"5726f2375951b619008f830f": "practice science and applied information science",
"5726f2375951b619008f8310": "information technology departments",
"5726f2375951b619008f8311": "national and international patient information projects and health system interoperability goals",
"5726f2375951b619008f8312": "practice",
"5726f2375951b619008f8313": "quickly",
"5726f36cdd62a815002e95fe": "19",
"5726f36cdd62a815002e95ff": "19 of 28",
"5726f36cdd62a815002e9600": "chronic and complex",
"5726f36cdd62a815002e9601": "inhaled medications",
"5726f36cdd62a815002e9602": "lab monitoring, adherence counseling",
"5726f48df1498d1400e8f0da": "separately from physicians",
"5726f48df1498d1400e8f0db": "pharmacists",
"5726f48df1498d1400e8f0dc": "American Medical Association",
"5726f48df1498d1400e8f0dd": "10 percent",
"5726f48df1498d1400e8f0de": "cannot form business partnerships with physicians or give them \"kickback\" payments",
"5726f635dd62a815002e9656": "rural areas in the United Kingdom",
"5726f635dd62a815002e9657": "rural areas in the United Kingdom",
"5726f635dd62a815002e9658": "1.6 kilometres",
"5726f635dd62a815002e9659": "1.6 kilometres",
"5726f7715951b619008f838d": "high risk of a conflict of interest and/or the avoidance of absolute powers",
"5726f7715951b619008f838e": "financial self-interest",
"5726f7715951b619008f838f": "obtaining cost-effective medication",
"5726f7715951b619008f8390": "cost-effective medication",
"5726f7715951b619008f8391": "cost-effective medication",
"5726f868dd62a815002e9684": "more integral within the health care system",
"5726f868dd62a815002e9685": "more integral within the health care system",
"5726f868dd62a815002e9686": "clinical services",
"5726f868dd62a815002e9687": "Medication Therapy Management",
"5726f868dd62a815002e9688": "increased patient health outcomes and decreased costs",
"5726f96ddd62a815002e9698": "Alberta and British Columbia",
"5726f96ddd62a815002e9699": "government",
"5726f96ddd62a815002e969a": "medicine",
"5726f96ddd62a815002e969b": "nursing",
"5726f96ddd62a815002e969c": "D.) degree",
"5726fa525951b619008f83f7": "the mortar and pestle",
"5726fa525951b619008f83f8": "show globe",
"5726fa525951b619008f83f9": "Netherlands",
"5726fa525951b619008f83fa": "Austria",
"5726fa525951b619008f83fb": "France",
"57271c235951b619008f860b": "Civil disobedience",
"57271c235951b619008f860c": "the fight against apartheid",
"57271c235951b619008f860d": "American Civil Rights Movement, in the Singing Revolution",
"57271c235951b619008f860e": "Georgia and the 2004 Orange Revolution in Ukraine",
"57271c235951b619008f860f": "Georgia",
"5728d4c03acd2414000dff9f": "Egyptians",
"5728d4c03acd2414000dffa0": "Egyptians",
"5728d4c03acd2414000dffa1": "rebelled against what they deem to be unfair laws",
"5728d4c03acd2414000dffa2": "what they deem to be unfair laws",
"5728d4c03acd2414000dffa3": "American Civil Rights Movement",
"57271f125951b619008f8635": "Antigone",
"57271f125951b619008f8636": "Sophocles",
"57271f125951b619008f8637": "Antigone, one of the daughters of former King of Thebes, Oedipus, defies Creon",
"57271f125951b619008f8638": "Antigone",
"57271f125951b619008f8639": "giving her brother Polynices a proper burial",
"5728d5793acd2414000dffb3": "Antigone",
"5728d5793acd2414000dffb4": "Sophocles",
"5728d5793acd2414000dffb5": "one of the daughters of former King of Thebes, Oedipus, defies Creon, the current King of Thebes",
"5728d5793acd2414000dffb6": "defies Creon, the current King of Thebes, who is trying to stop her from giving her brother Polynices a proper burial",
"5728d5793acd2414000dffb7": "Sophocles",
"5727213c708984140094da35": "Percy Shelley",
"5727213c708984140094da36": "nonviolent",
"5727213c708984140094da37": "Henry David Thoreau",
"5727213c708984140094da38": "Satyagraha",
"5727213c708984140094da39": "Anarchy",
"5728d63c4b864d1900164f18": "Percy Shelley",
"5728d63c4b864d1900164f19": "free India",
"5728d63c4b864d1900164f1a": "nonviolent protest",
"5728d63c4b864d1900164f1b": "Henry David Thoreau",
"5728d63c4b864d1900164f1c": "poet Percy Shelley",
"572726c9708984140094da7b": "muggers, arsonists, draft evaders, campaign hecklers, campus militants, anti-war demonstrators, juvenile delinquents and political assassins",
"572726c9708984140094da7c": "ambiguity",
"572726c9708984140094da7d": "ambiguity",
"572726c9708984140094da7e": "Marshall Cohen",
"5728d6f02ca10214002da90e": "ambiguity",
"5728d6f02ca10214002da90f": "Marshall Cohen",
"5728d6f02ca10214002da910": "utterly debased",
"5728d6f02ca10214002da911": "Marshall Cohen",
"5728d6f02ca10214002da912": "ambiguity",
"572807802ca10214002d9bf8": "LeGrande",
"572807802ca10214002d9bf9": "the formulation of a single all-encompassing definition of the term is extremely difficult, if not impossible",
"572807802ca10214002d9bfa": "lawful protest demonstration, nonviolent civil disobedience, and violent civil disobedience",
"572807802ca10214002d9bfb": "semantical problems",
"572807802ca10214002d9bfc": "lawful protest demonstration, nonviolent civil disobedience",
"5728d7c54b864d1900164f4c": "LeGrande",
"5728d7c54b864d1900164f4d": "violent",
"5728d7c54b864d1900164f4e": "lawful protest demonstration",
"5728d7c54b864d1900164f4f": "nonviolent",
"5728d7c54b864d1900164f50": "nonviolent civil disobedience, and violent",
"57280f974b864d1900164370": "civil disobedience",
"57280f974b864d1900164371": "two public agencies",
"57280f974b864d1900164372": "pertaining to a citizen's relation to the state and its laws",
"57280f974b864d1900164373": "if the head of government of a country were to refuse to enforce a decision of that country's highest court",
"57280f974b864d1900164374": "Civil disobedience",
"5728d9403acd2414000e001b": "a citizen's relation to the state and its laws",
"5728d9403acd2414000e001c": "it would not be civil disobedience, since the head of government would be acting in her or his capacity as public official rather than private citizen",
"5728d9403acd2414000e001d": "head of government of a country",
"5728d9403acd2414000e001e": "citizen's relation to the state",
"5728d9403acd2414000e001f": "head of government of a country",
"572812e74b864d19001643ce": "Thoreau",
"572812e74b864d19001643cf": "Resign",
"572812e74b864d19001643d0": "may also express nothing more than the will of elite politicians",
"572812e74b864d19001643d1": "Resign",
"572812e74b864d19001643d2": "elite",
"5728dafe3acd2414000e005d": "The individual",
"5728dafe3acd2414000e005e": "individuals act, only individuals",
"5728dafe3acd2414000e005f": "postman or tax collector whose hand hits the wood",
"5728dafe3acd2414000e0060": "Resign",
"5728dafe3acd2414000e0061": "abused",
"5728151b4b864d1900164428": "only justified against governmental entities",
"5728151b4b864d1900164429": "governmental entities",
"5728151b4b864d190016442a": "governmental entities",
"5728151b4b864d190016442b": "justified against governmental entities",
"5728dc2d3acd2414000e007f": "justified against governmental entities",
"5728dc2d3acd2414000e0080": "Brownlee",
"5728dc2d3acd2414000e0081": "breaches of law",
"5728dc2d3acd2414000e0083": "governmental",
"572818f54b864d190016446c": "lawbreaking",
"572818f54b864d190016446d": "covert lawbreaking",
"572818f54b864d190016446e": "public civil disobedience",
"572818f54b864d190016446f": "lawbreaking",
"572818f54b864d1900164470": "Jew",
"5728dddc2ca10214002da9d2": "publicly announced",
"5728dddc2ca10214002da9d3": "rules that conflict with morality",
"5728dddc2ca10214002da9d4": "assisting in fabricating evidence or committing perjury",
"5728dddc2ca10214002da9d5": "lawbreaking",
"5728dddc2ca10214002da9d6": "Exodus, where Shiphrah",
"57281c594b864d19001644a2": "non-violent",
"57281c594b864d19001644a3": "Black's Law Dictionary",
"57281c594b864d19001644a4": "rebellion",
"57281c594b864d19001644a5": "arrest. Civil disobedients' refraining from violence is also said to help preserve society's tolerance",
"57281c594b864d19001644a6": "non-violent",
"5728df634b864d1900164fe2": "non-violent",
"5728df634b864d1900164fe3": "arrest",
"5728df634b864d1900164fe4": "appeal to constitutional defects",
"5728df634b864d1900164fe6": "appeal to constitutional defects",
"5728202c4b864d19001644ec": "Revolutionary civil disobedience",
"5728202c4b864d19001644ed": "Hungarians",
"5728202c4b864d19001644ee": "Austrian",
"5728202c4b864d19001644ef": "Gandhi",
"5728202c4b864d19001644f0": "laws",
"5728e07e3acd2414000e00e9": "Non-revolutionary civil disobedience is a simple disobedience of laws",
"5728e07e3acd2414000e00ea": "to cause their repeal, or to exert pressure to get one's political wishes on some other issue",
"5728e07e3acd2414000e00eb": "simple disobedience of laws on the grounds that they are judged \"wrong\" by an individual conscience",
"5728e07e3acd2414000e00ec": "Non-revolutionary civil disobedience is a simple disobedience of laws",
"5728e07e3acd2414000e00ed": "Gandhi",
"572822233acd2414000df555": "during the Roman Empire",
"572822233acd2414000df556": "Unarmed Jews gathered in the streets to prevent the installation of pagan images",
"572822233acd2414000df557": "tax collector who arrested him rose to higher political office, and Thoreau's essay was not published until after the end of the Mexican War",
"572822233acd2414000df558": "political office",
"572822233acd2414000df559": "at the time of his arrest, was not yet a well-known author, and his arrest was not covered in any newspapers in the days, weeks",
"5728e3c33acd2414000e0131": "during the Roman Empire",
"5728e3c33acd2414000e0132": "jail solidarity",
"5728e3c33acd2414000e0133": "jail solidarity",
"5728e3c33acd2414000e0134": "sign bail",
"5728e3c33acd2414000e0135": "weeks and months",
"572825a92ca10214002d9efe": "illegal acts",
"572825a92ca10214002d9eff": "harmlessness of such entirely symbolic illegal protests toward public policy goals may serve a propaganda",
"572825a92ca10214002d9f00": "Julia Butterfly Hill lived in Luna",
"572825a92ca10214002d9f01": "180-foot (55 m)-tall, 600-year",
"572825a92ca10214002d9f02": "illegal medical cannabis dispensaries and Voice in the Wilderness, which brought medicine",
"5728e5224b864d1900165032": "harassment",
"5728e5224b864d1900165033": "trespassing at a nuclear-missile installation",
"5728e5224b864d1900165034": "harassment",
"5728e5224b864d1900165035": "harassment",
"5728e5224b864d1900165036": "Julia",
"5728284e3acd2414000df5cd": "allegedly sending an email to the Lebanon, New Hampshire city councilors stating, \"Wise up or die.\"",
"5728284e3acd2414000df5ce": "\"Wise up or die",
"5728284e3acd2414000df5cf": "forbidden speech",
"5728284e3acd2414000df5d0": "the 1978 Supreme Court case of FCC v. Pacifica Foundation",
"5728284e3acd2414000df5d1": "1978",
"5728e5f43acd2414000e0171": "pure speech",
"5728e5f43acd2414000e0172": "civil disobedience can consist simply of engaging in the forbidden speech",
"5728e5f43acd2414000e0173": "unwillingness to stand for its policies",
"5728e5f43acd2414000e0174": "engaging in the forbidden speech",
"57282dfb4b864d1900164668": "more difficult for a system to function",
"57282dfb4b864d1900164669": "padlock",
"57282dfb4b864d190016466a": "Waihopai by padlocking the gates and using sickles",
"57282dfb4b864d190016466b": "coercive",
"57282dfb4b864d190016466c": "refusals",
"5728e715ff5b5019007da914": "illegal boycotts",
"5728e715ff5b5019007da916": "civil disobedience",
"5728e715ff5b5019007da917": "engage in moral dialogue",
"5728e715ff5b5019007da918": "coercive",
"5728e8212ca10214002daa6c": "criminal investigations and arrests",
"5728e8212ca10214002daa6d": "decide whether or not to grant a consent search of his property",
"5728e8212ca10214002daa6e": "criminal investigators can serve no useful purpose, and may be harmful",
"5728e8212ca10214002daa6f": "lack of understanding",
"5728e8212ca10214002daa70": "a lack of understanding",
"5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c5": "it is incumbent upon them to accept punishment",
"5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c6": "belief in the validity of the social contract",
"5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c7": "belief in the validity of the social contract",
"5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c8": "don't believe in the legitimacy of any government, and therefore see no need to accept punishment for a violation of criminal law",
"5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c9": "criminal law that does not infringe the rights",
"5728ebcb3acd2414000e01d9": "whether or not to plead guilty",
"5728ebcb3acd2414000e01da": "to submit to the punishment prescribed by law",
"5728ebcb3acd2414000e01db": "violating this particular law",
"5728ebcb3acd2414000e01dc": "civil disobedients",
"5728ebcb3acd2414000e01dd": "nuclear power, when asked to enter his plea, stated, \"I plead for the beauty",
"5728ec6a4b864d19001650aa": "Camp Mercury nuclear test site",
"5728ec6a4b864d19001650ab": "arrest",
"5728ec6a4b864d19001650ac": "they faced arrest",
"5728ec6a4b864d19001650ad": "advising them to plead \"nolo contendere\", as an alternative to pleading either guilty",
"5728ec6a4b864d19001650ae": "conditional",
"5728ed94ff5b5019007da97c": "part of a rule",
"5728ed94ff5b5019007da97d": "evading it",
"5728ed94ff5b5019007da97e": "jail",
"5728ed94ff5b5019007da97f": "as part of a rule connected with civil disobedience",
"5728eef92ca10214002daab0": "plea bargain",
"5728eef92ca10214002daab1": "civil disobedients",
"5728eef92ca10214002daab2": "solidarity tactics",
"5728eef92ca10214002daab3": "civil disobedients",
"5728eef92ca10214002daab4": "Mohandas Gandhi",
"5728f50baf94a219006a9e55": "defiant speech",
"5728f50baf94a219006a9e56": "civil disobedience defendants choose to make a defiant speech, or a speech explaining their actions, in allocution",
"5728f50baf94a219006a9e57": "civil disobedience defendants choose to make a defiant speech, or a speech explaining their actions, in allocution",
"5728f50baf94a219006a9e58": "lack of remorse, an attempt to avoid responsibility for her actions",
"5728f50baf94a219006a9e59": "defiant speech",
"5728facd4b864d1900165170": "breaking the law",
"5728facd4b864d1900165171": "they must decide whether their primary goal will be to win an acquittal and avoid imprisonment or a fine",
"5728facd4b864d1900165172": "breaking the law",
"5728facd4b864d1900165173": "Vietnam War era",
"5728facd4b864d1900165174": "breaking the law",
"5728fb6a1d04691400778ef5": "neither conscientious nor of social benefit",
"5728fb6a1d04691400778ef6": "undermine the law",
"5728fb6a1d04691400778ef7": "neither conscientious nor of social benefit",
"5728fb6a1d04691400778ef8": "having committed the crime, or by fleeing the jurisdiction",
"5728fb6a1d04691400778ef9": "covertly and avoiding attribution, or by denying having committed the crime, or by fleeing the jurisdiction",
"5728fc9e1d04691400778f11": "Indirect civil disobedience",
"5728fc9e1d04691400778f12": "Indirect civil disobedience involves violating a law which is not, itself, the object of protest, whereas direct civil disobedience",
"5728fc9e1d04691400778f13": "Vietnam War",
"5728fc9e1d04691400778f14": "shadow defense",
"5728fc9e1d04691400778f15": "Carter",
"5728fd3c3f37b31900477f2b": "\"just deserts\", achieving crime control via incapacitation and deterrence",
"5728fd3c3f37b31900477f2d": "incapacitation and deterrence",
"5728fd3c3f37b31900477f2e": "Leonard Hubert Hoffmann",
"5728fd3c3f37b31900477f2f": "crime control via incapacitation and deterrence",
"57273a465951b619008f86ff": "Construction",
"57273a465951b619008f8700": "Construction differs from manufacturing in that manufacturing",
"57273a465951b619008f8701": "six to nine percent",
"57273a465951b619008f8702": "a known client",
"57273a465951b619008f8703": "a known client",
"57273cca708984140094db33": "An architect",
"57273cca708984140094db34": "An architect",
"57273cca708984140094db35": "effective planning",
"57273cca708984140094db36": "megaprojects",
"57273cca708984140094db37": "Those involved with the design and execution of the infrastructure in question must consider zoning requirements, the environmental impact of the job",
"57273d8bf1498d1400e8f4fe": "buildings, infrastructure and industrial",
"57273d8bf1498d1400e8f4ff": "residential and non-residential (commercial/institutional)",
"57273d8bf1498d1400e8f500": "heavy/highway",
"57273d8bf1498d1400e8f501": "heavy/highway",
"57273d8bf1498d1400e8f502": "Industrial",
"57273e50dd62a815002e9a02": "a trade magazine for the construction industry",
"57273e50dd62a815002e9a03": "ENR",
"57273e50dd62a815002e9a04": "2014",
"57273e50dd62a815002e9a05": "sewer, hazardous waste",
"57273f27dd62a815002e9a0a": "building construction, heavy and civil engineering construction, and specialty trade contractors",
"57273f27dd62a815002e9a0b": "construction service firms",
"57273f27dd62a815002e9a0c": "The Standard Industrial Classification",
"57273f27dd62a815002e9a0d": "managing construction projects",
"57274046dd62a815002e9a12": "Building construction",
"57274046dd62a815002e9a13": "small renovations",
"57274046dd62a815002e9a14": "the owner of the property",
"57274046dd62a815002e9a15": "structural collapse, cost overruns, and/or litigation",
"57274046dd62a815002e9a16": "detailed plans",
"572742bd5951b619008f8785": "local building authority regulations",
"572742bd5951b619008f8786": "Materials readily available in the area generally dictate the construction materials used (e.g. brick versus stone, versus timber",
"572742bd5951b619008f8787": "waste",
"572742bd5951b619008f8788": "custom designed homes are often more expensive to build",
"572744aff1498d1400e8f588": "3D printing technology",
"572744aff1498d1400e8f589": "20 hours",
"572744aff1498d1400e8f58a": "2014",
"572744aff1498d1400e8f58b": "2 metres",
"572745c6708984140094db99": "designs into reality",
"572745c6708984140094db9a": "plan the physical proceedings",
"572745c6708984140094db9b": "the property owner",
"572745c6708984140094db9c": "surveyor",
"572745c6708984140094db9d": "surveyor",
"57274e0d708984140094dbe5": "previously separated specialties",
"57274e0d708984140094dbe6": "separate companies",
"57274e0d708984140094dbe7": "one-stop shopping",
"57274e0d708984140094dbe8": "\" contract",
"57274e975951b619008f87f9": "design-build, partnering and construction management",
"57274e975951b619008f87fa": "architects, interior designers, engineers and constructors",
"57274e975951b619008f87fb": "establishing relationships with other necessary participants through the design-build process",
"57274f67708984140094dbf5": "preventable financial problems",
"57274f67708984140094dbf6": "builders ask for too little money to complete the project",
"57274f67708984140094dbf7": "when the present amount of funding cannot cover the current costs for labour and materials, and because they are a matter of having sufficient funds at a specific time",
"57274f67708984140094dbf8": "Fraud",
"5727502f708984140094dc07": "Mortgage bankers, accountants, and cost engineers",
"5727502f708984140094dc08": "mortgage banker",
"5727502f708984140094dc09": "Accountants act",
"5727502f708984140094dc0a": "Cost engineers and estimators",
"5727502f708984140094dc0b": "increased costs",
"572750e8dd62a815002e9af0": "zoning and building code requirements",
"572750e8dd62a815002e9af1": "the owner",
"572750e8dd62a815002e9af2": "prohibitum considerations, or things that are a matter of custom or expectation",
"572750e8dd62a815002e9af3": "a matter of custom or expectation",
"572750e8dd62a815002e9af4": "An attorney",
"572751b4708984140094dc1b": "A construction project",
"572751b4708984140094dc1c": "A contract",
"572751b4708984140094dc1d": "a delay costs money",
"572751b4708984140094dc1e": "that each side is capable of performing the obligations set out",
"572751b4708984140094dc1f": "poorly drafted contracts",
"5727526cdd62a815002e9b0e": "relationship contracting",
"5727526cdd62a815002e9b0f": "Public-Private Partnering",
"5727526cdd62a815002e9b10": "Public-Private Partnering",
"5727526cdd62a815002e9b11": "co-operation",
"572753335951b619008f8853": "the architect or engineer",
"572753335951b619008f8854": "His or her",
"572753335951b619008f8855": "architect's client and the main contractor",
"572753335951b619008f8856": "main contractor",
"572753335951b619008f8857": "the building is ready to occupy",
"57275411dd62a815002e9b30": "The owner",
"57275411dd62a815002e9b31": "Several D&B contractors",
"57275411dd62a815002e9b32": "The owner",
"57275411dd62a815002e9b33": "a consortium of several contractors",
"57275411dd62a815002e9b34": "design phase 2",
"572754fff1498d1400e8f660": "contractors",
"572754fff1498d1400e8f661": "damage",
"572754fff1498d1400e8f662": "electrical, water, sewage, phone, and cable facilities",
"572754fff1498d1400e8f663": "municipal building inspector",
"572754fff1498d1400e8f664": "an occupancy",
"572755b7708984140094dc4d": "$960 billion",
"572755b7708984140094dc4e": "$680 billion",
"572755b7708984140094dc4f": "667,000",
"572755b7708984140094dc50": "10",
"572755b7708984140094dc51": "828,000",
"5727565ef1498d1400e8f674": "higher average salaries",
"5727565ef1498d1400e8f675": "\u00a342,090, compared to \u00a326,719",
"5727565ef1498d1400e8f676": "Canada",
"572756fe708984140094dc71": "Construction",
"572756fe708984140094dc72": "Falls",
"572756fe708984140094dc73": "Falls",
"572756fe708984140094dc74": "Proper safety equipment",
"572746addd62a815002e9a5e": "independent schools",
"572746addd62a815002e9a5f": "academic scholarship",
"572746addd62a815002e9a60": "mandatory taxation through public",
"572746addd62a815002e9a61": "to select their students and are funded in whole or in part by charging their students tuition, rather than relying on mandatory taxation through public (government) funding",
"57274712708984140094dbad": "$45,000",
"57274712708984140094dbae": "New England preparatory schools",
"57274712708984140094dbaf": "Australia",
"57274712708984140094dbb0": "North America",
"5727478cf1498d1400e8f59a": "lower sixth",
"5727478cf1498d1400e8f59b": "upper sixth",
"5727478cf1498d1400e8f59c": "prep schools",
"5727478cf1498d1400e8f59d": "peer tuitions and the school's financial endowment",
"5727478cf1498d1400e8f59e": "best teachers",
"5727482bf1498d1400e8f5a4": "Roman Catholic",
"5727482bf1498d1400e8f5a5": "Orthodox",
"5727482bf1498d1400e8f5a6": "teach religious education, together with the usual academic subjects to impress their particular faith's beliefs and traditions",
"5727490bdd62a815002e9a82": "expulsion",
"5727490bdd62a815002e9a83": "blaze",
"5727490bdd62a815002e9a84": "more expensive",
"57274971708984140094dbbb": "Anglican Church",
"57274971708984140094dbbc": "Catholic",
"57274971708984140094dbbd": "Sydney",
"57274971708984140094dbbe": "Ursula's College and Loreto Normanhurst for girls",
"57274a1edd62a815002e9a9a": "Article 7, Paragraph 4",
"57274a1edd62a815002e9a9b": "second Gleichschaltung",
"57274a1edd62a815002e9a9c": "11.1%",
"57274a1edd62a815002e9a9d": "11.1%",
"57274a1edd62a815002e9a9e": "11.1%",
"57274a8ff1498d1400e8f5bc": "segregation of pupils according to the means of their parents (the so-called Sonder",
"57274a8ff1498d1400e8f5bd": "Sonderung",
"57274a8ff1498d1400e8f5be": "100%",
"57274b35f1498d1400e8f5d4": "Erg\u00e4nzungsschulen",
"57274b35f1498d1400e8f5d5": "vocational schools",
"57274b35f1498d1400e8f5d6": "charging their students tuition fees",
"57274b35f1498d1400e8f5d7": "religious groups",
"57274beff1498d1400e8f5e4": "independent schools",
"57274beff1498d1400e8f5e5": "CBS",
"57274beff1498d1400e8f5e6": "30",
"57274beff1498d1400e8f5e7": "union",
"57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa4": "societies",
"57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa5": "a country",
"57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa6": "Report",
"57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa7": "Annual Status of Education Report (ASER), which evaluates learning",
"57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa8": "English",
"57274d1cdd62a815002e9aae": "scoil phr\u00edobh\u00e1ideach",
"57274d1cdd62a815002e9aaf": "because a certain number of teacher's salaries are paid by the State",
"57274d1cdd62a815002e9ab0": "\u20ac5,000",
"57274d1cdd62a815002e9ab1": "Jesus",
"57274d1cdd62a815002e9ab2": "\u20ac25,000 per year. The fee",
"57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5f6": "1957",
"57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5f7": "Chinese",
"57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5f8": "English-medium",
"57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5f9": "National School system",
"57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5fa": "60",
"57274e145951b619008f87e7": "aided' schools",
"57274e145951b619008f87e8": "fully funded by private parties",
"57274e145951b619008f87e9": "Kathmandu",
"57274e145951b619008f87ea": "Preschool",
"57274e145951b619008f87eb": "Preschool",
"57274eca5951b619008f87ff": "88",
"57274eca5951b619008f8800": "88",
"57274eca5951b619008f8801": "3.7%",
"57274eca5951b619008f8802": "Catholic",
"57274eca5951b619008f8803": "Auckland",
"57274f49f1498d1400e8f61e": "Anglican",
"57274f49f1498d1400e8f61f": "Wellington",
"57274f49f1498d1400e8f620": "Presbyterian",
"57274f49f1498d1400e8f621": "Christchurch",
"57274f49f1498d1400e8f622": "St Dominic's College) operated by the Catholic schismatic group, the Society",
"5727500f708984140094dbfd": "7.5%",
"5727500f708984140094dbfe": "32%",
"5727500f708984140094dbff": "80%",
"5727500f708984140094dc00": "August 1992",
"5727500f708984140094dc01": "natural science",
"572750df5951b619008f882f": "The Education Service Contracting scheme",
"572750df5951b619008f8830": "Tuition Fee Supplement",
"572750df5951b619008f8831": "Financial Assistance",
"5727515f708984140094dc11": "The South African Schools Act of 1996",
"5727515f708984140094dc12": "1996",
"5727515f708984140094dc13": "state-controlled) and \"independent",
"5727515f708984140094dc14": "traditional private schools and schools",
"5727515f708984140094dc15": "nineteenth",
"57275409708984140094dc35": "private",
"57275409708984140094dc36": "better",
"57275409708984140094dc37": "higher school fees",
"572754dd708984140094dc3b": "10%",
"572754dd708984140094dc3c": "30",
"572754dd708984140094dc3d": "30",
"572754dd708984140094dc3e": "The Knowledge School",
"572754dd708984140094dc3f": "voucher",
"572756265951b619008f886d": "13",
"572756265951b619008f886e": "public schools",
"572756265951b619008f886f": "9 per cent",
"572756265951b619008f8870": "13 per cent",
"572756265951b619008f8871": "\u00a327,000",
"572757bef1498d1400e8f690": "Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka",
"572757bef1498d1400e8f691": "private",
"572757bef1498d1400e8f692": "South",
"572757bef1498d1400e8f693": "College Preparatory",
"572757bef1498d1400e8f694": "African-American",
"572758e0f1498d1400e8f6ae": "religious organizations or private individuals",
"572758e0f1498d1400e8f6af": "Establishment Clause of the First Amendment or individual state Blaine",
"572758e0f1498d1400e8f6b0": "Blaine",
"572758e0f1498d1400e8f6b1": "charter",
"572759665951b619008f8883": "Massachusetts",
"572759665951b619008f8884": "1852",
"572759665951b619008f8885": "1972",
"572759665951b619008f8886": "268 U.S. 510",
"572759665951b619008f8887": "v. McCrary",
"572759dbdd62a815002e9b94": "$40,000",
"572759dbdd62a815002e9b95": "$50,000",
"572759dbdd62a815002e9b96": "Groton School",
"572759dbdd62a815002e9b97": "fundraising drives",
"5727aa413acd2414000de921": "John Harvard",
"5727aa413acd2414000de922": "1977",
"5727aa413acd2414000de923": "James Bryant Conant",
"5727aa413acd2414000de924": "Harvard Corporation",
"5727aa413acd2414000de925": "Charles W. Eliot",
"5727aeac3acd2414000de987": "Harvard Library",
"5727aeac3acd2414000de988": "79",
"5727aeac3acd2414000de989": "79 individual libraries with over 18 million",
"5727aeac3acd2414000de98a": "eight",
"5727aeac3acd2414000de98b": "150",
"5727aec03acd2414000de991": "Harvard Yard in Cambridge",
"5727aec03acd2414000de992": "$37.6 billion",
"5727aec03acd2414000de993": "Charles River",
"5727aec03acd2414000de994": "eleven",
"5727aec03acd2414000de995": "Harvard Yard",
"5727afa82ca10214002d93c2": "1636",
"5727afa82ca10214002d93c3": "the Great and General Court of the Massachusetts Bay Colony",
"5727afa82ca10214002d93c4": "1638",
"5727afa82ca10214002d93c5": "1639",
"5727afa82ca10214002d93c6": "1650",
"5727b0892ca10214002d93e8": "Puritan",
"5727b0892ca10214002d93e9": "English university model",
"5727b0892ca10214002d93ea": "never",
"5727b8df3acd2414000dea99": "1804",
"5727b8df3acd2414000dea9a": "Samuel Webber",
"5727b8df3acd2414000dea9b": "1805",
"5727c0402ca10214002d9564": "Louis Agassiz",
"5727c0402ca10214002d9565": "intuition",
"5727c0402ca10214002d9566": "Thomas Reid",
"5727c3b02ca10214002d95ba": "Charles W. Eliot",
"5727c3b02ca10214002d95bb": "Transcendentalist Unitarian convictions",
"5727c3b02ca10214002d95bc": "William Ellery Channing and Ralph Waldo Emerson",
"5727c55bff5b5019007d94ce": "James Bryant Conant",
"5727c55bff5b5019007d94cf": "higher education",
"5727c55bff5b5019007d94d0": "1945",
"5727c69d3acd2414000dec13": "four",
"5727c69d3acd2414000dec14": "1977",
"5727c69d3acd2414000dec15": "male",
"5727c8863acd2414000dec49": "3 miles (5 km) west-northwest",
"5727c8863acd2414000dec4a": "twelve",
"5727c8863acd2414000dec4b": "south of Harvard Yard",
"5727c8863acd2414000dec4c": "three",
"5727cc15ff5b5019007d9576": "a 358-acre (145 ha) campus opposite the Cambridge campus in Allston",
"5727cc15ff5b5019007d9577": "John W. Weeks Bridge",
"5727cc15ff5b5019007d9578": "Longwood",
"5727cd0f4b864d1900163d72": "fifty percent",
"5727cd0f4b864d1900163d73": "new and enlarged bridges, a shuttle service and/or a tram",
"5727cd0f4b864d1900163d74": "enhanced transit infrastructure",
"5727cebc2ca10214002d96f0": "2,400",
"5727cebc2ca10214002d96f1": "7,200",
"5727cebc2ca10214002d96f2": "14,000",
"5727cebc2ca10214002d96f3": "1875",
"5727cebc2ca10214002d96f4": "1858",
"5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c4": "$32 billion",
"5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c5": "30%",
"5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c6": "Science",
"5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c7": "$159 million for students, and a Pell Grant reserve",
"5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c8": "$1.2 billion",
"5727d0f73acd2414000ded13": "late 1980s",
"5727d0f73acd2414000ded14": "Duke Kent-Brown",
"5727d0f73acd2414000ded15": "$230 million",
"5727d1c93acd2414000ded3f": "5.3%",
"5727d1c93acd2414000ded40": "2007",
"5727d1c93acd2414000ded41": "disadvantage low-income and under-represented minority applicants applying to selective universities",
"5727d1c93acd2414000ded42": "2016",
"5727d3843acd2414000ded69": "seven",
"5727d3843acd2414000ded6a": "eight",
"5727d3843acd2414000ded6b": "reliance",
"5727d4922ca10214002d977c": "semester calendar beginning in early September and ending in mid-May",
"5727d4922ca10214002d977d": "four",
"5727d4922ca10214002d977e": "degrees summa cum laude",
"5727d4922ca10214002d977f": "inflation",
"5727d6154b864d1900163e34": "$38,000",
"5727d6154b864d1900163e35": "$57,000",
"5727d6154b864d1900163e36": "$120,000",
"5727d6154b864d1900163e37": "$414 million",
"5727d6154b864d1900163e38": "39 million from other outside support. Grants total 88% of Harvard's aid for undergraduate students, with aid also provided by loans (8%",
"5727d6faff5b5019007d969a": "Widener Library",
"5727d6faff5b5019007d969b": "18 million",
"5727d6faff5b5019007d969c": "Cabot Science Library, Lamont Library, and Widener Library",
"5727d6faff5b5019007d969d": "new is stored in Pusey",
"5727d88b4b864d1900163e5e": "three",
"5727d88b4b864d1900163e5f": "Western art",
"5727d88b4b864d1900163e60": "Le Corbusier, housing the film archive, the Peabody Museum",
"5727d9c43acd2414000dee17": "2003",
"5727d9c43acd2414000dee18": "2011",
"5727d9c43acd2414000dee19": "Paris",
"5727da564b864d1900163e8e": "42",
"5727da564b864d1900163e8f": "Yale University",
"5727da564b864d1900163e90": "every two years",
"5727db85ff5b5019007d96fc": "1903",
"5727db85ff5b5019007d96fd": "1903",
"5727db85ff5b5019007d96fe": "1906",
"5727db85ff5b5019007d96ff": "Yale",
"5727dc473acd2414000dee43": "Lavietes Pavilion",
"5727dc473acd2414000dee44": "Malkin Athletic Center",
"5727dc473acd2414000dee45": "three",
"5727dd2e4b864d1900163eba": "23",
"5727dd2e4b864d1900163ebb": "Thames River",
"5727dd2e4b864d1900163ebc": "Cornell",
"5727dd2e4b864d1900163ebd": "2003",
"5727de862ca10214002d9860": "General Ban Ki-moon",
"5727de862ca10214002d9861": "Alejandro Toledo",
"5727de862ca10214002d9862": "Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Figueres",
"5727de862ca10214002d9863": "Samaras",
"5727e0474b864d1900163f08": "Conan O'Brien",
"5727e0474b864d1900163f09": "Leonard Bernstein",
"5727e0474b864d1900163f0a": "Yo Yo Ma",
"5727e0474b864d1900163f0b": "W. E. B. Du Bois",
"5727e21e4b864d1900163f34": "political",
"5727e21e4b864d1900163f35": "legal scholars",
"5727e21e4b864d1900163f36": "Stephen Greenblatt",
"5727c94bff5b5019007d954a": "Jacksonville",
"5727c94bff5b5019007d954b": "1,345,596",
"5727c94bff5b5019007d954c": "12th",
"5727c94bff5b5019007d954d": "Duval",
"5727c94bff5b5019007d954e": "1968",
"5727cb4b2ca10214002d9676": "St. Johns River",
"5727cb4b2ca10214002d9677": "340 miles",
"5727cb4b2ca10214002d9678": "Fort Caroline",
"5727cb4b2ca10214002d9679": "Timucua people",
"5727cb4b2ca10214002d967a": "Andrew Jackson",
"5727cd7dff5b5019007d958e": "third",
"5727cd7dff5b5019007d958f": "golf",
"5727cd7dff5b5019007d9590": "two",
"5727cd7dff5b5019007d9591": "Jacksonvillians",
"57280e1aff5b5019007d9bec": "thousands",
"57280e1aff5b5019007d9bed": "University of North Florida team",
"57280e1aff5b5019007d9bee": "Mocama",
"57280e1aff5b5019007d9bef": "Mocama",
"57280e1aff5b5019007d9bf0": "Ossachite",
"57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c26": "Jean Ribault",
"57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c27": "France",
"57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c28": "Philip II of Spain",
"57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c29": "San Mateo, and following the ejection",
"57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c2a": "San Mateo, and following the ejection of the French, St. Augustine",
"572810ec2ca10214002d9d06": "French and Indian War",
"572810ec2ca10214002d9d07": "laying out the streets",
"572810ec2ca10214002d9d08": "cattle were brought across the river there",
"572810ec2ca10214002d9d09": "Andrew Jackson",
"572810ec2ca10214002d9d0a": "February 9, 1832",
"5728128cff5b5019007d9c76": "hogs and cattle",
"5728128cff5b5019007d9c77": "Brick Church",
"5728128cff5b5019007d9c78": "March 1864",
"5728128cff5b5019007d9c79": "Warfare",
"5728128cff5b5019007d9c7a": "1864",
"572815d9ff5b5019007d9cbc": "Reconstruction and the Gilded Age",
"572815d9ff5b5019007d9cbd": "Grover Cleveland",
"572815d9ff5b5019007d9cbe": "yellow fever outbreaks",
"572815d9ff5b5019007d9cbf": "extension of the Florida East Coast Railway",
"572815d9ff5b5019007d9cc0": "railroad",
"5728170d3acd2414000df443": "Spanish moss",
"5728170d3acd2414000df444": "2,000",
"5728170d3acd2414000df445": "kitchen fire",
"5728170d3acd2414000df446": "kitchen fire",
"57281940ff5b5019007d9d44": "filmmakers",
"57281940ff5b5019007d9d45": "silent",
"57281940ff5b5019007d9d46": "Winter Film Capital of the World",
"57281940ff5b5019007d9d47": "Winter Film Capital of the World",
"57281ab63acd2414000df493": "construction of highways",
"57281ab63acd2414000df494": "75.8%",
"57281ab63acd2414000df495": "white flight",
"57281ab63acd2414000df496": "Mayor W. Haydon Burns",
"57281ab63acd2414000df497": "World War II",
"57281bb84b864d190016449a": "education, sanitation, and traffic control",
"57281bb84b864d190016449b": "unincorporated suburbs",
"57281bb84b864d190016449c": "funding education, sanitation, and traffic control",
"57281bb84b864d190016449d": "Voters",
"57281d494b864d19001644be": "through the traditional old boy network",
"57281d494b864d19001644bf": "11",
"57281d494b864d19001644c0": "Jacksonville Consolidation, led by J. J. Daniel and Claude Yates, began to win more support during this period, from both inner city blacks",
"57281d494b864d19001644c1": "Lower taxes",
"57281edd3acd2414000df4eb": "consolidation referendum was held in 1967, voters approved the plan",
"57281edd3acd2414000df4ec": "Hans Tanzler",
"57281edd3acd2414000df4ed": "Fire, police, health & welfare, recreation, public works, and housing & urban development",
"57281edd3acd2414000df4ee": "Better Jacksonville Plan",
"57281edd3acd2414000df4ef": "$2.25 billion package of major projects",
"572820512ca10214002d9e72": "86.66%",
"572820512ca10214002d9e73": "St. Johns River",
"572820512ca10214002d9e74": "St. Johns River",
"572820512ca10214002d9e75": "13.34%",
"572820512ca10214002d9e76": "Baldwin",
"572821274b864d1900164510": "tallest building in Downtown Jacksonville's skyline is the Bank of America Tower, constructed in 1990 as the Barnett Center",
"572821274b864d1900164511": "Barnett Center",
"572821274b864d1900164512": "617 ft",
"572821274b864d1900164513": "28",
"572821274b864d1900164514": "flared base",
"5728223cff5b5019007d9dc4": "humid subtropical",
"5728223cff5b5019007d9dc5": "May through September",
"5728223cff5b5019007d9dc6": "mild weather during winters and hot and humid weather",
"5728223cff5b5019007d9dc7": "low latitude and coastal location, the city sees very little cold weather, and winters are typically mild and sunny",
"57282358ff5b5019007d9dde": "104 \u00b0F",
"57282358ff5b5019007d9ddf": "thunderstorms to erupt",
"57282358ff5b5019007d9de0": "high humidity",
"57282358ff5b5019007d9de1": "64 to 92 \u00b0F",
"572824f13acd2414000df58f": "Hurricane Dora",
"572824f13acd2414000df590": "180 km",
"572824f13acd2414000df591": "Fay which crisscross",
"572824f13acd2414000df592": "Hurricane Dora",
"572824f13acd2414000df593": "2004, spawning a minor tornado in the process. On May 28, 2012",
"572826634b864d19001645be": "Arab",
"572826634b864d19001645bf": "25,033",
"572826634b864d19001645c0": "25,033",
"572826634b864d19001645c1": "Filipino",
"572827fc3acd2414000df5bb": "29.7% of all households were made up of individuals and 7.9%",
"572827fc3acd2414000df5bc": "23.9%",
"572827fc3acd2414000df5bd": "29.7% of all households were made up of individuals",
"572827fc3acd2414000df5be": "28.5% from 25 to 44, 26.2% from 45 to 64, and 10.9%",
"5727e6cbff5b5019007d97ee": "$759,900",
"5727e6cbff5b5019007d97ef": "62",
"5727e6cbff5b5019007d97f0": "$759,900",
"5727e6cbff5b5019007d97f1": "net wealth",
"5727e6cbff5b5019007d97f2": "inequality",
"5729d36b1d04691400779607": "40%",
"5729d36b1d04691400779608": "financial assets",
"5729d36b1d04691400779609": "$41 trillion",
"5729d36b1d0469140077960a": "46% of the world's wealth; the 85 richest people, a small part of the wealthiest 1%",
"5729d36b1d0469140077960b": "diversion",
"5727e8424b864d1900163fc0": "top 400",
"5727e8424b864d1900163fc1": "New York Times",
"5727e8424b864d1900163fc2": "Inherited wealth",
"5727e8424b864d1900163fc3": "more wealth",
"5729d44b1d04691400779611": "wealth",
"5729d44b1d04691400779612": "New York Times",
"5729d44b1d04691400779613": "Inherited wealth",
"5729d44b1d04691400779614": "over 60 percent",
"5729d44b1d04691400779615": "Institute for Policy Studies",
"5727e9523acd2414000def95": "Neoclassical economics",
"5727e9523acd2414000def96": "productivity gap between highly-paid professions and lower-paid professions",
"5727e9523acd2414000def97": "differences in value added by different classifications of workers",
"5727e9523acd2414000def98": "inequality",
"5727e9523acd2414000def99": "marginal value",
"5729d51d3f37b3190047858f": "differences in value added by labor, capital and land",
"5729d51d3f37b31900478590": "differences in value",
"5729d51d3f37b31900478591": "wages and profits",
"5729d51d3f37b31900478592": "worker, capitalist/business owner, landlord",
"5729d51d3f37b31900478593": "productivity gap between highly-paid professions and lower-paid professions",
"5727ea45ff5b5019007d986e": "costs and maximize profits",
"5727ea45ff5b5019007d986f": "substitution of capital equipment for labor (mechanization and automation) raises the productivity of each worker, resulting in a situation of relatively stagnant wages",
"5727ea45ff5b5019007d9870": "proportion to capital inputs",
"5727ea45ff5b5019007d9871": "substitution of capital equipment for labor (mechanization and automation) raises the productivity of each worker, resulting in a situation of relatively stagnant wages",
"5729d609af94a219006aa661": "capital equipment for labor inputs",
"5729d609af94a219006aa662": "under competitive pressure to reduce costs and maximize profits",
"5729d609af94a219006aa663": "meaning that less workers are required in proportion to capital inputs, increasing unemployment (the \"reserve army of labour\")",
"5729d609af94a219006aa664": "the productivity",
"5729d609af94a219006aa665": "substitution of capital equipment for labor",
"5727ec062ca10214002d99b6": "workers wages",
"5727ec062ca10214002d99b7": "supply and demand",
"5727ec062ca10214002d99b8": "inequality",
"5727ec062ca10214002d99b9": "unfair.\" Employers who offer a below market",
"5727ec062ca10214002d99ba": "high levels",
"5729d878af94a219006aa66b": "where professional and labor organizations cannot limit the number of workers",
"5729d878af94a219006aa66c": "prices",
"5729d878af94a219006aa66d": "wages",
"5729d878af94a219006aa66e": "losing proposition to offer below or above market wages",
"5729d878af94a219006aa66f": "inequality",
"5727ed2e3acd2414000df001": "corruption",
"5727ed2e3acd2414000df002": "low demand",
"5727ed2e3acd2414000df003": "low supply), but a large need for the positions (high demand), will result in high wages",
"5727ed2e3acd2414000df004": "corruption",
"5727ed2e3acd2414000df005": "employers tends to drive up wages due to the nature of the job, since there is a relative shortage of workers",
"5729da0faf94a219006aa675": "low demand) will result in a low wage",
"5729da0faf94a219006aa676": "competition",
"5729da0faf94a219006aa677": "the expendable nature of the worker in relation to his or her particular job",
"5729da0faf94a219006aa678": "corruption",
"5729da0faf94a219006aa679": "dish-washing or customer service. Competition amongst workers tends to drive down wages due to the expendable nature of the worker",
"5727ee372ca10214002d99ec": "entrepreneurship rates",
"5727ee372ca10214002d99ed": "self-employment",
"5727ee372ca10214002d99ee": "push\" motivations",
"5727ee372ca10214002d99ef": "opportunity-based entrepreneurship",
"5727ee372ca10214002d99f0": "achievement-oriented motivations",
"5729de24af94a219006aa689": "higher economic inequality",
"5729de24af94a219006aa68a": "entrepreneurship rates",
"5729de24af94a219006aa68b": "Necessity-based entrepreneurship",
"5729de24af94a219006aa68c": "achievement-oriented motivations",
"5729de24af94a219006aa68d": "necessity",
"5727ef664b864d1900164060": "A progressive tax",
"5727ef664b864d1900164061": "top tax rate",
"5727ef664b864d1900164062": "steeper tax progressivity applied to social spending",
"5727ef664b864d1900164063": "progressive tax system",
"5729e02f1d04691400779639": "the tax rate",
"5729e02f1d0469140077963a": "the level of the top tax rate",
"5729e02f1d0469140077963b": "steeper tax progressivity applied to social spending",
"5729e02f1d0469140077963c": "Gini index",
"5727f05b4b864d1900164068": "Education",
"5727f05b4b864d1900164069": "aggregate savings and investment",
"5727f05b4b864d190016406a": "lower incomes",
"5727f05b4b864d190016406b": "education raises incomes",
"5727f05b4b864d190016406c": "lack of education",
"5729e1101d04691400779641": "access to education",
"5729e1101d04691400779642": "high wages",
"5729e1101d04691400779643": "lower wages",
"5729e1101d04691400779644": "lower incomes",
"5729e1101d04691400779645": "education raises incomes",
"5727f16c3acd2414000df05b": "increasing access to education",
"5727f16c3acd2414000df05c": "$105 billion",
"5727f16c3acd2414000df05d": "boom-and-bust cycles",
"5727f16c3acd2414000df05e": "economists with the Standard & Poor's rating agency",
"5729e1e36aef0514001550ba": "2014",
"5729e1e36aef0514001550bb": "2008-2009 recession",
"5729e1e36aef0514001550bc": "increasing access to education",
"5729e1e36aef0514001550bd": "$105 billion",
"5729e1e36aef0514001550be": "boom-and-bust cycles",
"5727f2714b864d1900164072": "1910\u20131940",
"5727f2714b864d1900164073": "decrease in the price of skilled labor",
"5727f2714b864d1900164074": "decrease in the price",
"5727f2714b864d1900164075": "low economic growth",
"5727f2714b864d1900164076": "wages",
"5729e2b76aef0514001550ce": "1910\u20131940",
"5729e2b76aef0514001550cf": "decrease in the price",
"5729e2b76aef0514001550d0": "a stepping-stone to acquire college and advanced degrees",
"5729e2b76aef0514001550d1": "Education",
"5729e2b76aef0514001550d2": "inequality",
"5727f6723acd2414000df0e7": "Anglo-American liberal policies",
"5727f6723acd2414000df0e8": "European",
"5727f6723acd2414000df0e9": "continental European liberalism",
"5727f6723acd2414000df0ea": "little support for the view that U.S.-style labor-market flexibility",
"5729e38daf94a219006aa69d": "economic inequality",
"5729e38daf94a219006aa69e": "social exclusion",
"5729e38daf94a219006aa69f": "economic liberalism",
"5729e38daf94a219006aa6a0": "little",
"5729e38daf94a219006aa6a1": "flexibility",
"5727f7523acd2414000df10d": "Scandinavia",
"5727f7523acd2414000df10e": "high inequality",
"5727f7523acd2414000df10f": "expanding the income gap than technological changes and globalization",
"5727f7523acd2414000df110": "technological changes and globalization",
"5729e4291d04691400779651": "Sociologist",
"5729e4291d04691400779652": "University of Washington",
"5729e4291d04691400779653": "decline of organized labor",
"5729e4291d04691400779654": "high rates",
"5729e4291d04691400779655": "weak labor movements",
"5727fc37ff5b5019007d9a18": "increased wages",
"5727fc37ff5b5019007d9a19": "increased wages",
"5727fc37ff5b5019007d9a1a": "rising inequality",
"5727fc37ff5b5019007d9a1b": "manufacturing",
"5729f1283f37b319004785d7": "global to a domestic",
"5729f1283f37b319004785d8": "low-skilled workers",
"5729f1283f37b319004785d9": "trade liberalisation",
"5729f1283f37b319004785da": "innovation",
"5729f1283f37b319004785db": "manufacturing",
"5727fd123acd2414000df185": "53%",
"5727fd123acd2414000df186": "53% in Botswana to -40%",
"5727fd123acd2414000df187": "income studies show that that does not explain the entire difference",
"5727fd123acd2414000df188": "males",
"5729f1c13f37b319004785e7": "Gender",
"5729f1c13f37b319004785e8": "males in the labor market",
"5729f1c13f37b319004785e9": "women",
"5729f1c13f37b319004785ea": "Thomas Sowell",
"5729f1c13f37b319004785eb": "once other factors are accounted for there is still a difference",
"5727ff083acd2414000df1ab": "social welfare",
"5727ff083acd2414000df1ac": "lower",
"5727ff083acd2414000df1ad": "it acquires more capital",
"5727ff083acd2414000df1ae": "wealth and income and introducing inequality. Eventually, through various possible redistribution mechanisms such as social welfare programs",
"5729f24baf94a219006aa6dd": "Economist",
"5729f24baf94a219006aa6de": "levels of economic inequality",
"5729f24baf94a219006aa6df": "more capital",
"5729f24baf94a219006aa6e0": "wealth and income and introducing inequality",
"5729f24baf94a219006aa6e1": "social welfare programs",
"57287b322ca10214002da3be": "1910 to 1940",
"57287b322ca10214002da3bf": "1970s",
"57287b322ca10214002da3c0": "manufacturing",
"57287b322ca10214002da3c1": "manufacturing",
"5729f3883f37b319004785f1": "Kuznets",
"5729f3883f37b319004785f2": "Kuznets curve",
"5729f3883f37b319004785f3": "very weak",
"5729f3883f37b319004785f4": "decrease",
"5729f3883f37b319004785f5": "manufacturing sector to the service",
"57287c2bff5b5019007da26c": "invest in new sources of creating wealth or to otherwise leverage the accumulation of wealth",
"57287c2bff5b5019007da26d": "invest in new sources of creating wealth or to otherwise leverage the accumulation of wealth",
"57287c2bff5b5019007da26e": "invest in new sources of creating wealth or to otherwise leverage the accumulation of wealth, thus are the beneficiaries of the new wealth",
"57287c2bff5b5019007da26f": "r) than economic growth (g), and that larger fortunes",
"5729f4273f37b319004785fb": "the possession of already-wealthy individuals or entities",
"5729f4273f37b319004785fc": "those who already hold wealth have the means to invest in new sources of creating wealth",
"5729f4273f37b319004785fd": "wealth condensation",
"5729f4273f37b319004785fe": "Thomas Piketty",
"5729f4273f37b319004785ff": "higher returns",
"5729f4e46aef051400155156": "Economist",
"5729f4e46aef051400155157": "market forces",
"5729f4e46aef051400155158": "rare and desired",
"5729f4e46aef051400155159": "political power generated by wealth by certain groups to shape government policies financially beneficial to them. This process, known to economists as rent",
"5729f4e46aef05140015515a": "rent",
"5729f60caf94a219006aa6ef": "inequality",
"5729f60caf94a219006aa6f0": "neglected",
"5729f60caf94a219006aa6f1": "life expectancy",
"5729f60caf94a219006aa6f2": "lower level of economic utility in society from resources devoted on high-end consumption",
"5729f60caf94a219006aa6f3": "lower",
"572a05eb3f37b31900478653": "2013",
"572a05eb3f37b31900478654": "rising inequality",
"572a05eb3f37b31900478655": "negative",
"572a05eb3f37b31900478656": "promoting social dislocation, unrest and conflict",
"572a05eb3f37b31900478657": "economic",
"572a06866aef0514001551be": "British",
"572a06866aef0514001551bf": "lower",
"572a06866aef0514001551c0": "lower",
"572a06866aef0514001551c1": "inequality",
"572a06866aef0514001551c2": "23",
"572a070c6aef0514001551c8": "full stomachs",
"572a070c6aef0514001551c9": "among poorer countries",
"572a070c6aef0514001551ca": "life expectancy",
"572a070c6aef0514001551cb": "Americans",
"572a070c6aef0514001551cc": "80 years",
"572a07a86aef0514001551d2": "income inequality",
"572a07a86aef0514001551d3": "Richard Wilkinson and Kate Pickett",
"572a07a86aef0514001551d4": "nine",
"572a07a86aef0514001551d5": "countries with bigger income inequalities",
"572a07a86aef0514001551d6": "greater equality",
"572a0a391d046914007796df": "inequality",
"572a0a391d046914007796e0": "homicides",
"572a0a391d046914007796e1": "over fifty",
"572a0a391d046914007796e2": "tenfold",
"572a0a391d046914007796e3": "inequality",
"572a0bafaf94a219006aa765": "economic inequality",
"572a0bafaf94a219006aa766": "distributive efficiency",
"572a0bafaf94a219006aa767": "luxury items providing relatively less utility",
"572a0bafaf94a219006aa768": "less utility to that person. Thus, the marginal utility of wealth per person (\"the additional dollar",
"572a0bafaf94a219006aa769": "happiness",
"572a0c541d046914007796f3": "income",
"572a0c541d046914007796f4": "libertarian",
"572a0c541d046914007796f5": "2001",
"572a0c541d046914007796f6": "Thomas B",
"572a0c541d046914007796f7": "Poor\" by journalist",
"572a0d21af94a219006aa783": "economist",
"572a0d21af94a219006aa784": "systematic economic inequalities",
"572a0d21af94a219006aa785": "Financial crisis of 2007\u201308",
"572a0d21af94a219006aa786": "easier credit to the lower and middle income earners",
"572a0d21af94a219006aa787": "monetary stimulation",
"572a0e0e1d04691400779707": "inequality in wealth and income",
"572a0e0e1d04691400779708": "education",
"572a0e0e1d04691400779709": "declines over the medium term",
"572a0e0e1d0469140077970a": "higher GDP growth",
"572a0e0e1d0469140077970b": "poor and the middle class",
"572a0ecb1d04691400779717": "increasing inequality harms economic growth",
"572a0ecb1d04691400779718": "economic growth",
"572a0ecb1d04691400779719": "inequality increases, has a negative effect on subsequent long-run economic growth",
"572a0ecb1d0469140077971a": "it is a waste of resources",
"572a0ecb1d0469140077971b": "inequality",
"572a1046af94a219006aa78d": "prevent growth by limiting aggregate demand",
"572a1046af94a219006aa78e": "limiting aggregate demand",
"572a1046af94a219006aa78f": "global inequality and inequality",
"572a1046af94a219006aa790": "increasing importance of human capital in development",
"572a1046af94a219006aa791": "widespread education",
"572a11663f37b31900478693": "1993",
"572a11663f37b31900478694": "detrimental",
"572a11663f37b31900478695": "channels through which inequality may affect economic growth",
"572a11663f37b31900478696": "redistributive taxation",
"572a11663f37b31900478697": "unstable, which is reflected in lower rates",
"572a12381d0469140077972b": "Harvard economist",
"572a12381d0469140077972c": "growth and investment",
"572a12381d0469140077972d": "reduce",
"572a12381d0469140077972e": "encourage",
"572a12381d0469140077972f": "1960 and 2000",
"572a13841d0469140077973b": "Kuznets curve hypothesis",
"572a13841d0469140077973c": "first increases",
"572a13841d0469140077973d": "Economist Thomas Piketty",
"572a13841d0469140077973e": "Economist",
"572a13841d0469140077973f": "violent economic and political shocks",
"572a18a4af94a219006aa7df": "1970s",
"572a18a4af94a219006aa7e0": "reduced consumer demand",
"572a18a4af94a219006aa7e1": "risen with increased income inequality",
"572a18a4af94a219006aa7e2": "several years",
"572a18a4af94a219006aa7e3": "equality in the income distribution",
"572a1a5c6aef051400155284": "special efforts",
"572a1a5c6aef051400155285": "existing level of inequality",
"572a1a5c6aef051400155286": "growth rate of 2% per head and 40% of its population living in poverty, can halve poverty",
"572a1a5c6aef051400155287": "United Nations Ban Ki-Moon: \"While economic growth is necessary, it is not sufficient for progress on reducing poverty",
"572a1a5c6aef051400155288": "poverty",
"572a1ba46aef05140015528e": "land and housing",
"572a1ba46aef05140015528f": "through various associations and other arrangements",
"572a1ba46aef051400155290": "extra-legal",
"572a1ba46aef051400155291": "200",
"572a1ba46aef051400155292": "government land",
"572a1c943f37b319004786e1": "affordable housing",
"572a1c943f37b319004786e2": "quality rental units",
"572a1c943f37b319004786e3": "higher quality housing increased",
"572a1c943f37b319004786e4": "landlords",
"572a1c943f37b319004786e5": "low income",
"572a1dbb3f37b319004786f5": "costs of housing, pensions, education and health care",
"572a1dbb3f37b319004786f6": "worse equipped to manage their finances",
"572a1dbb3f37b319004786f7": "aspirational consumption",
"572a1dbb3f37b319004786f8": "taking on debt",
"572a1dbb3f37b319004786f9": "greater inequality and potential economic instability",
"572a1f086aef0514001552c0": "environmental degradation",
"572a1f086aef0514001552c1": "environmental degradation",
"572a1f086aef0514001552c2": "1/3 of current levels, so about 2 billion",
"572a1f086aef0514001552c3": "3 of current levels, so about 2 billion",
"572a1fe16aef0514001552d0": "the private ownership of the means of production by a class of owners",
"572a1fe16aef0514001552d1": "a small portion of the population lives off unearned property income",
"572a1fe16aef0514001552d2": "income in the form of a wage or salary",
"572a1fe16aef0514001552d3": "socially owned",
"572a1fe16aef0514001552d4": "production",
"572a20816aef0514001552e4": "Robert Nozick",
"572a20816aef0514001552e5": "taxation",
"572a20816aef0514001552e6": "force",
"572a20816aef0514001552e7": "forceful taking of property",
"572a20816aef0514001552e8": "when they improve society",
"572a213e6aef0514001552ee": "income inequality and poverty as form of \u201ccapability deprivation",
"572a213e6aef0514001552ef": "economic growth and income are considered a means to an end rather than the end itself",
"572a213e6aef0514001552f0": "to \u201cwid",
"572a213e6aef0514001552f1": "through increasing functionings",
"572a213e6aef0514001552f2": "ability to pursue valued goals",
"572a2224af94a219006aa823": "deprived of earning as much income as they would otherwise",
"572a2224af94a219006aa824": "earn as much as a healthy young man",
"572a2224af94a219006aa825": "gender roles and customs",
"572a2224af94a219006aa826": "widespread panic",
"572a2224af94a219006aa827": "protective security",
"57283c464b864d19001647c8": "private research university",
"57283c464b864d19001647c9": "1890",
"57283c464b864d19001647ca": "seven",
"57283c464b864d19001647cb": "four",
"57283c464b864d19001647cc": "15,000",
"57283db6ff5b5019007d9fbc": "academic disciplines",
"57283db6ff5b5019007d9fbd": "Chicago's physics department",
"57283db6ff5b5019007d9fbe": "Chicago's physics department helped develop the world's first man-made, self-sustaining nuclear reaction beneath the university's Stagg Field",
"57283db6ff5b5019007d9fbf": "Marine Biological Laboratory. The university is also home to the University of Chicago Press",
"57283db6ff5b5019007d9fc0": "2020",
"57283f014b864d19001647e8": "American Baptist Education Society",
"57283f014b864d19001647e9": "American Baptist Education Society",
"57283f014b864d19001647ea": "William Rainey Harper",
"57283f014b864d19001647eb": "1891",
"57283f014b864d19001647ec": "1892",
"57284142ff5b5019007da00a": "John D. Rockefeller",
"57284142ff5b5019007da00b": "Silas B. Cobb",
"57284142ff5b5019007da00c": "Cobb Lecture Hall",
"57284142ff5b5019007da00d": "$100,000",
"57284142ff5b5019007da00e": "Charles L. Hutchinson (trustee, treasurer",
"572843304b864d1900164848": "Shimer College",
"572843304b864d1900164849": "1896",
"572843304b864d190016484a": "scientific apparatus and supplies",
"572843304b864d190016484b": "professors",
"572843304b864d190016484c": "1910",
"57284456ff5b5019007da05c": "Robert Maynard Hutchins",
"57284456ff5b5019007da05d": "1929",
"57284456ff5b5019007da05e": "24-year",
"57284456ff5b5019007da05f": "to emphasize academics over athletics",
"57284456ff5b5019007da060": "the Common Core",
"57284618ff5b5019007da0a8": "1950s",
"57284618ff5b5019007da0a9": "increasing crime and poverty",
"57284618ff5b5019007da0aa": "after their second year",
"57284618ff5b5019007da0ab": "Hyde Park",
"57284618ff5b5019007da0ac": "allowed very young students to attend college",
"572847ff3acd2414000df869": "1962",
"572847ff3acd2414000df86a": "a protest over the university's off-campus rental policies",
"572847ff3acd2414000df86b": "1967",
"572847ff3acd2414000df86c": "two",
"572847ff3acd2414000df86d": "social and political action",
"572849b4ff5b5019007da0f2": "mid-2000s",
"572849b4ff5b5019007da0f3": "Milton Friedman Institute",
"572849b4ff5b5019007da0f4": "$200 million",
"572849b4ff5b5019007da0f5": "Chicago Theological Seminary",
"572849b4ff5b5019007da0f6": "David G. Booth",
"57284b904b864d19001648e2": "Main Quadrangles",
"57284b904b864d19001648e3": "six",
"57284b904b864d19001648e4": "Cobb, Shepley, Rutan and Coolidge, Holabird & Roche",
"57284b904b864d19001648e5": "Magdalen",
"57284b904b864d19001648e6": "Christ Church Hall",
"57284d484b864d1900164900": "1940s",
"57284d484b864d1900164901": "Eero Saarinen",
"57284d484b864d1900164902": "university's School of Social Service Administration",
"57284d484b864d1900164903": "Harris School of Public Policy Studies",
"57284d484b864d1900164904": "1999 and updated in 2004, produced the Gerald Ratner Athletics Center (2003), the Max Palevsky Residential Commons (2001",
"57284e9fff5b5019007da150": "Singapore, London, and the downtown Streeterville neighborhood of Chicago",
"57284e9fff5b5019007da151": "left bank of the Seine",
"57284e9fff5b5019007da152": "2010",
"57284e9fff5b5019007da153": "Renmin University's campus in Haidian District",
"57284e9fff5b5019007da154": "2015",
"5728501aff5b5019007da166": "board of trustees",
"5728501aff5b5019007da167": "50",
"5728501aff5b5019007da168": "fourteen",
"5728501aff5b5019007da169": "The University of Chicago",
"5728501aff5b5019007da16a": "Daniel Diermeier",
"5728510f4b864d1900164936": "Higher Learning Commission",
"5728510f4b864d1900164937": "four",
"5728510f4b864d1900164938": "seven",
"57285213ff5b5019007da180": "50",
"57285213ff5b5019007da181": "28",
"57285213ff5b5019007da182": "five",
"57285213ff5b5019007da183": "New Collegiate Division",
"572853e8ff5b5019007da188": "the Common Core",
"572853e8ff5b5019007da189": "17",
"572853e8ff5b5019007da18a": "rigorous",
"572853e8ff5b5019007da18b": "Uni",
"572855973acd2414000df925": "University of Chicago Laboratory Schools",
"572855973acd2414000df926": "Sonia Shankman Orthogenic School",
"572855973acd2414000df927": "four",
"572855973acd2414000df928": "public charter schools",
"572855973acd2414000df929": "University of Chicago campus",
"572856beff5b5019007da190": "9.8 million volumes",
"572856beff5b5019007da191": "9.8 million",
"572856beff5b5019007da192": "Regenstein Library",
"572856beff5b5019007da193": "2011",
"572856beff5b5019007da194": "1.3 million",
"57285841ff5b5019007da19a": "12",
"57285841ff5b5019007da19b": "12 research institutes and 113",
"57285841ff5b5019007da19c": "Oriental Institute",
"57285841ff5b5019007da19d": "Fermilab",
"57285841ff5b5019007da19e": "New Mexico",
"57286010ff5b5019007da1ca": "shaping ideas about the free market",
"57286010ff5b5019007da1cb": "Chicago Pile-1",
"57286010ff5b5019007da1cc": "chemical experiment that tested how life originated on early Earth, the Miller\u2013Urey experiment, was conducted at the university. REM",
"57286010ff5b5019007da1cd": "1953",
"572861cc4b864d190016495e": "1933",
"572861cc4b864d190016495f": "2000",
"572861cc4b864d1900164960": "2000",
"572861cc4b864d1900164961": "1933",
"572861cc4b864d1900164962": "35 million",
"572863363acd2414000df985": "5,792",
"572863363acd2414000df986": "3,468",
"572863363acd2414000df987": "5,984",
"572863363acd2414000df988": "5,792",
"572863363acd2414000df989": "international students",
"572864542ca10214002da2de": "University Athletic Association",
"572864542ca10214002da2df": "NCAA's Division III",
"572864542ca10214002da2e0": "Big Ten Conference",
"572864542ca10214002da2e1": "Jay Berwanger",
"572864542ca10214002da2e2": "the university chose to withdraw from the conference in 1946 after University President Robert Maynard Hutchins de-emphasized varsity athletics",
"5728659f4b864d190016498a": "400",
"5728659f4b864d190016498b": "RSOs",
"5728659f4b864d190016498c": "University of Chicago College Bowl Team",
"5728659f4b864d190016498d": "RSOs",
"5728659f4b864d190016498e": "WHPK",
"5728667eff5b5019007da1fc": "University of Chicago Student Government. Student Government is made up of graduate",
"5728667eff5b5019007da1fd": "an Executive Committee",
"5728667eff5b5019007da1fe": "two",
"5728667eff5b5019007da1ff": "$2 million",
"572867543acd2414000df9a1": "fifteen",
"572867543acd2414000df9a2": "fifteen fraternities and seven",
"572867543acd2414000df9a3": "Alpha Phi Omega",
"572867543acd2414000df9a4": "Four",
"572867543acd2414000df9a5": "ten",
"5728683b3acd2414000df9af": "1987",
"5728683b3acd2414000df9b0": "1987",
"5728683b3acd2414000df9b1": "Festival of the Arts",
"5728683b3acd2414000df9b2": "Kuviasungnerk/Kangeiko",
"5728683b3acd2414000df9b3": "Summer Breeze",
"57286951ff5b5019007da20e": "Satya Nadella",
"57286951ff5b5019007da20f": "Satya Nadella",
"57286951ff5b5019007da210": "Larry Ellison",
"57286951ff5b5019007da211": "MF Global CEO",
"57286951ff5b5019007da212": "Jon Corzine",
"57286ab72ca10214002da31e": "Saul Alinsky",
"57286ab72ca10214002da31f": "Saul Alinsky",
"57286ab72ca10214002da320": "Robert Bork",
"57286ab72ca10214002da321": "Marek Belka",
"57286ab72ca10214002da322": "Eliot Ness",
"57286bf84b864d19001649d2": "Lauren Oliver",
"57286bf84b864d19001649d3": "Philip Roth",
"57286bf84b864d19001649d4": "satirist Kurt Vonne",
"57286bf84b864d19001649d5": "satirist Kurt Vonnegut",
"57286bf84b864d19001649d6": "Kurt Vonnegut",
"57286d7d4b864d19001649e0": "Philip Glass",
"57286d7d4b864d19001649e1": "Carl Van Vechten",
"57286d7d4b864d19001649e2": "Halo",
"57286d7d4b864d19001649e3": "Ed Asner",
"57286d7d4b864d19001649e4": "Mike Nichols",
"57286ec63acd2414000df9d1": "Carl Sagan",
"57286ec63acd2414000df9d2": "John M. Grunsfeld, geneticist James Watson",
"57286ec63acd2414000df9d3": "David Suzuki",
"57286ec63acd2414000df9d4": "John B. Goodenough, mathematician and Fields",
"57286ec63acd2414000df9d5": "Joseph Cohen, and geochemist Clair Cameron Patterson, who developed the uranium-lead dating method into lead-lead dating. Nuclear physicist and researcher Stanton Friedman",
"572870b2ff5b5019007da222": "Milton Friedman",
"572870b2ff5b5019007da223": "Margaret Thatcher",
"572870b2ff5b5019007da224": "Paul Samuelson",
"572870b2ff5b5019007da225": "Eugene Fama",
"572871bc4b864d1900164a04": "David Graeber and Donald Johanson",
"572871bc4b864d1900164a05": "Samuel Reshevsky",
"572871bc4b864d1900164a06": "Samuel Reshevsky",
"572872dd2ca10214002da37e": "faculty in physics have included the speed of light calculator A. A. Michelson",
"572872dd2ca10214002da37f": "Arthur H. Compton",
"572872dd2ca10214002da380": "Enrico Fermi",
"572872dd2ca10214002da381": "Edward Teller",
"572872dd2ca10214002da382": "Maria Goeppert-Mayer",
"5728742cff5b5019007da246": "James Henry Breasted",
"5728742cff5b5019007da247": "James Henry Breasted",
"5728742cff5b5019007da248": "James Henry Breasted, mathematician Alberto Calder\u00f3n, Nobel prize winning economist and classical liberalism defender Friedrich Hayek, meteorologist Ted Fujita",
"5728742cff5b5019007da249": "Seaborg",
"5728742cff5b5019007da24a": "Charles Brenton Huggins",
"5728759cff5b5019007da25a": "Barack Obama's Council",
"5728759cff5b5019007da25b": "Raghuram Rajan",
"5728759cff5b5019007da25c": "John Mearsheimer",
"5728759cff5b5019007da25d": "John Mears",
"5728759cff5b5019007da25e": "Neil Shubin",
"57285ed5ff5b5019007da1b6": "Great Yuan",
"57285ed5ff5b5019007da1b7": "Great Yuan",
"57285ed5ff5b5019007da1b8": "Kublai Khan",
"57285ed5ff5b5019007da1b9": "Kublai Khan",
"57285ed5ff5b5019007da1ba": "1271",
"572860e03acd2414000df977": "Mongol Empire",
"572860e03acd2414000df978": "Song dynasty and preceding the Ming dynasty",
"572860e03acd2414000df979": "Song dynasty and preceding the Ming dynasty",
"572860e03acd2414000df97a": "Genghis Khan",
"57286192ff5b5019007da1dc": "1271",
"57286192ff5b5019007da1dd": "Kublai Khan",
"57286192ff5b5019007da1de": "Mongghul Ulus",
"57286192ff5b5019007da1df": "Manchu Dynasty of China\" for the Qing dynasty. Furthermore, the Yuan is sometimes known as the \"Empire of the Great Khan",
"57286192ff5b5019007da1e0": "Ulus\" (lit. \"Great Mongol State\"), resulting in Dai \u00d6n Yeke Mongghul Ulus",
"572863c72ca10214002da2d4": "Mongol and Turkic",
"572863c72ca10214002da2d5": "1206",
"572863c72ca10214002da2d6": "\u00d6gedei Khan",
"572863c72ca10214002da2d7": "1206",
"572863c72ca10214002da2d8": "nephew Kublai a position in Xingzhou, Hebei. Kublai was unable to read Chinese",
"572864dd4b864d1900164976": "the Jin",
"572864dd4b864d1900164977": "Shi Tianze, Liu Heima (\u5289\u9ed1\u99ac, Liu Ni), and the Khitan Xiao Zhala",
"572864dd4b864d1900164978": "Khitan",
"572864dd4b864d1900164979": "10,000",
"572864dd4b864d190016497a": "4 Han Tumens and 3",
"5728661e2ca10214002da2e8": "Han Chinese",
"5728661e2ca10214002da2e9": "Jin dynasty",
"5728661e2ca10214002da2ea": "Han and Jurchen",
"5728661e2ca10214002da2eb": "Shi Bingzhi",
"5728661e2ca10214002da2ec": "Mongols",
"572867212ca10214002da2f2": "M\u00f6ngke Khan",
"572867212ca10214002da2f3": "southern China",
"572867212ca10214002da2f4": "1259",
"572867212ca10214002da2f5": "Ariq B\u00f6ke",
"572867212ca10214002da2f6": "Zhongton",
"572867d72ca10214002da2fc": "Ogedei",
"572867d72ca10214002da2fd": "south",
"572867d72ca10214002da2fe": "prince Wonjong",
"572867d72ca10214002da2ff": "northeast",
"572867d72ca10214002da300": "1262",
"572869b84b864d19001649ae": "preserving Mongol interests in China",
"572869b84b864d19001649af": "Mongol",
"572869b84b864d19001649b0": "Chinese dynasties",
"572869b84b864d19001649b1": "three, later four",
"572869b84b864d19001649b2": "Han Chinese",
"57286b003acd2414000df9c1": "Karakorum in Mongolia to Khanbaliq",
"57286b003acd2414000df9c2": "Karakorum in Mongolia to Khanbaliq",
"57286b003acd2414000df9c3": "1264",
"57286b003acd2414000df9c4": "Zhongdu",
"57286b003acd2414000df9c5": "traditional Chinese political succession. Khublai evoked his public image as a sage emperor by following the rituals",
"57286bb84b864d19001649c8": "commercial, scientific, and cultural",
"57286bb84b864d19001649c9": "Mongol peace",
"57286bb84b864d19001649ca": "southern China",
"57286bb84b864d19001649cb": "southern China",
"57286bb84b864d19001649cc": "Marco Polo",
"57286c8cff5b5019007da218": "Quzhou",
"57286c8cff5b5019007da219": "1115\u20131234",
"57286c8cff5b5019007da21a": "1115\u20131234",
"57286c8cff5b5019007da21b": "Kong Duancao",
"57286c8cff5b5019007da21c": "30,000",
"57286d4f2ca10214002da328": "northern China",
"57286d4f2ca10214002da329": "1268 and 1273",
"57286d4f2ca10214002da32a": "rich Yangzi River basin",
"57286d4f2ca10214002da32b": "Hangzhou",
"57286d4f2ca10214002da32c": "drowned",
"57286dfa2ca10214002da332": "1279",
"57286dfa2ca10214002da333": "inauspicious typhoon",
"57286dfa2ca10214002da334": "Burma",
"57286dfa2ca10214002da335": "Battle of B\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1eb1ng (1288",
"57286dfa2ca10214002da336": "1282",
"57286ead2ca10214002da346": "1253",
"57286ead2ca10214002da347": "Zhenjin",
"57286ead2ca10214002da348": "1285",
"57286ead2ca10214002da349": "suzerainty and paid tributes for a few decades. However, the corruption",
"57286ead2ca10214002da34a": "1294",
"57286f373acd2414000df9db": "Buyantu Khan",
"57286f373acd2414000df9dc": "discontent",
"57286f373acd2414000df9dd": "Li Meng",
"57286f373acd2414000df9de": "Department of State Affairs",
"57286f373acd2414000df9df": "1313",
"57286fa83acd2414000df9e5": "Emperor Gegeen Khan",
"57286fa83acd2414000df9e6": "1321 to 1323",
"57286fa83acd2414000df9e7": "Baiju",
"57286fa83acd2414000df9e8": "the comprehensive institutions of the Great Yuan",
"57286fa83acd2414000df9e9": "five",
"5728705c2ca10214002da35a": "Shangdu",
"5728705c2ca10214002da35b": "Khanbaliq-based Tugh Tem\u00fcr eventually won the civil war against Ragibagh known as the War of the Two Capitals",
"5728705c2ca10214002da35c": "four days",
"5728705c2ca10214002da35d": "Khanbaliq",
"5728705c2ca10214002da35e": "abdicated in favour of his brother Kusala, who was backed by Chagatai",
"5728710c3acd2414000df9ef": "cultural contribution",
"5728710c3acd2414000df9f0": "Pavilion of the Star of Literature",
"5728710c3acd2414000df9f1": "1329",
"5728710c3acd2414000df9f2": "a number of books, but its most important achievement was its compilation of a vast institutional compendium",
"5728710c3acd2414000df9f3": "Buddhism",
"572871bd3acd2414000dfa03": "1332",
"572871bd3acd2414000dfa04": "Emperor Ningzong",
"572871bd3acd2414000dfa05": "13",
"572871bd3acd2414000dfa06": "nine",
"572871bd3acd2414000dfa07": "Jin, and Song dynasties",
"572872822ca10214002da374": "struggle, famine, and bitterness",
"572872822ca10214002da375": "all influence on other Mongol lands across Asia, while the Mongols beyond the Middle Kingdom saw them as too Chinese",
"572872822ca10214002da376": "both the army and the populace",
"572872822ca10214002da377": "Outlaws",
"572872822ca10214002da378": "short and marked by intrigues and rivalries",
"57287338ff5b5019007da232": "1340s",
"57287338ff5b5019007da233": "the Red Turban Rebellion",
"57287338ff5b5019007da234": "fear of betrayal",
"57287338ff5b5019007da235": "Toghun Tem\u00fcr",
"57287338ff5b5019007da236": "1368 after the approach of the forces of the M\u00edng dynasty (1368",
"572878942ca10214002da3a2": "the communications between Yuan dynasty and its ally and subordinate in Persia, the Ilkhanate",
"572878942ca10214002da3a3": "The Mongols' extensive West Asian and European contacts",
"572878942ca10214002da3a4": "the Ilkhanate",
"572878942ca10214002da3a5": "cartography, astronomy, medicine, clothing, and diet in East Asia. Eastern crops such as carrots",
"572879574b864d1900164a14": "Western",
"572879574b864d1900164a15": "Tibetan",
"572879574b864d1900164a16": "Tibetan Buddhism) flourished, although Taoism",
"572879574b864d1900164a17": "Buddhism from the Yuan government. Confucian",
"572879574b864d1900164a18": "scientific education",
"57287b4a4b864d1900164a28": "Marco Polo",
"57287b4a4b864d1900164a29": "Cambaluc",
"57287b4a4b864d1900164a2a": "Il milione",
"57287b4a4b864d1900164a2b": "Il milione",
"57287b4a4b864d1900164a2c": "lack of mentioning the Great Wall",
"57287c142ca10214002da3d0": "Guo Shoujing",
"57287c142ca10214002da3d1": "365.2425 days",
"57287c142ca10214002da3d2": "granaries",
"57287c142ca10214002da3d3": "Beijing",
"57287c142ca10214002da3d4": "hydraulic engineering. Contacts with the West also brought the introduction to China of a major food crop, sorghum",
"57287ccb2ca10214002da3da": "non-native Chinese people",
"57287ccb2ca10214002da3db": "Eternal Heaven",
"57287ccb2ca10214002da3dc": "Ming",
"57287ccb2ca10214002da3dd": "Ming",
"57287ccb2ca10214002da3de": "Song",
"57287d4a2ca10214002da3e4": "Han Chinese, Khitans, Jurchens, Mongols, and Tibetan Buddhists",
"57287d4a2ca10214002da3e5": "native Tang, Song",
"57287d4a2ca10214002da3e6": "Liu Bingzhong and Yao Shu gave strong influence to Kublai",
"57287d4a2ca10214002da3e7": "civil affairs, the Privy Council (Chinese: \u6a1e\u5bc6\u9662) to manage military affairs, and the Censorate to conduct internal surveillance",
"57287d4a2ca10214002da3e8": "Central Secretariat as the top institution that was (directly or indirectly) responsible for most other governmental agencies (such as the traditional Chinese-style Six Ministries",
"57287ddf3acd2414000dfa3f": "native Chinese dynasties, as the real military authority in Yuan times resided in the Privy Council",
"57287ddf3acd2414000dfa40": "since the Sui and Tang dynasties",
"57287ddf3acd2414000dfa41": "Mongols and Semuren",
"57287ddf3acd2414000dfa42": "Chinese dynasties",
"57287e512ca10214002da3f8": "1269",
"57287e512ca10214002da3f9": "Mongolian, Tibetan, and Chinese",
"57287e512ca10214002da3fa": "Most of the Emperors could not master written Chinese, but they could generally converse well in the language",
"57287e512ca10214002da3fb": "Tugh Temur",
"57287e512ca10214002da3fc": "Temur (Emperor Wenzong), who wrote poetry",
"57287ee3ff5b5019007da274": "1290",
"57287ee3ff5b5019007da275": "1291",
"57287ee3ff5b5019007da276": "decaying rural leisure",
"57287f6a3acd2414000dfa51": "classical Chinese",
"57287f6a3acd2414000dfa52": "calligraphy",
"57287f6a3acd2414000dfa53": "Tang dynasty",
"57287f6a3acd2414000dfa54": "vernacular Chinese",
"57287f6a3acd2414000dfa55": "zaju",
"57287fec4b864d1900164a3c": "Yuan dynasty",
"57287fec4b864d1900164a3d": "Buddhism",
"57287fec4b864d1900164a3e": "Tibetan Buddhism",
"57287fec4b864d1900164a3f": "Khanbaliq (modern Beijing) to supervise Buddhist monks throughout the empire",
"57287fec4b864d1900164a40": "Tibetan variants",
"5728804b4b864d1900164a46": "1249\u20131314",
"5728804b4b864d1900164a47": "1249\u20131314",
"5728804b4b864d1900164a48": "modern matrices",
"5728804b4b864d1900164a49": "polynomial algebra",
"5728804b4b864d1900164a4a": "1303",
"5728809f2ca10214002da40c": "Fixing the Seasons",
"5728809f2ca10214002da40d": "a cubic interpolation formula for his astronomical calculations",
"5728809f2ca10214002da40e": "Shoushi Li",
"5728809f2ca10214002da40f": "Shoushi Li",
"5728809f2ca10214002da410": "1281",
"572881022ca10214002da416": "Mongol shamans",
"572881022ca10214002da417": "herbal remedies",
"572881022ca10214002da418": "herbal remedies",
"572881022ca10214002da419": "Imperial Academy of Medicine",
"572881022ca10214002da41a": "it ensured a high income and medical ethics were compatible with Confucian virtues",
"572881704b864d1900164a50": "Four",
"572881704b864d1900164a51": "based on the same intellectual foundation",
"572881704b864d1900164a52": "to other parts of the empire",
"572881704b864d1900164a53": "acupuncture, moxibustion, pulse diagnosis, and various herbal drugs",
"572881704b864d1900164a54": "1277",
"572881d34b864d1900164a5a": "Muslim medicine",
"572881d34b864d1900164a5b": "Nestorian physician Jesus the Interpreter",
"572881d34b864d1900164a5c": "1263",
"572881d34b864d1900164a5d": "humoral system contradicted the yin-yang and wuxing philosophy",
"572881d34b864d1900164a5e": "yin-yang and wuxing philosophy",
"572882242ca10214002da420": "through Kingdom of Qocho and Tibetan intermediaries",
"572882242ca10214002da421": "Wang Zhen",
"572882242ca10214002da422": "12th century",
"572882242ca10214002da423": "T\u00f6regene Khatun",
"572882242ca10214002da424": "1273",
"5728827b2ca10214002da42a": "the chao",
"5728827b2ca10214002da42b": "bark of mulberry trees",
"5728827b2ca10214002da42c": "1275",
"5728827b2ca10214002da42d": "woodblocks",
"5728827b2ca10214002da42e": "1294",
"572883153acd2414000dfa6f": "Mongolian patrimonial feudalism",
"572883153acd2414000dfa70": "Mongolian patrimonial feudalism",
"572883153acd2414000dfa71": "Mongols",
"572883153acd2414000dfa72": "strong \"colonial\" coloration",
"572883153acd2414000dfa73": "southern",
"572883a33acd2414000dfa79": "Han Chinese and Khitans",
"572883a33acd2414000dfa7a": "Han Chinese and Khitans",
"572883a33acd2414000dfa7b": "Bukhara",
"572883a33acd2414000dfa7c": "artisans and farmers",
"572883a33acd2414000dfa7d": "Genghis Khan",
"57288428ff5b5019007da28e": "severely discriminated against them",
"57288428ff5b5019007da28f": "Kosher butchering",
"57288428ff5b5019007da290": "Zhu Yuanzhang",
"57288428ff5b5019007da291": "Hui",
"57288428ff5b5019007da292": "Zhu Yuanzhang's armies was the Hui Muslim Feng Sheng. The Muslims in the semu class also revolted against the Yuan dynasty",
"5728848cff5b5019007da298": "Frederick W. Mote",
"5728848cff5b5019007da299": "position of people within the four-class system was not an indication of their actual social power and wealth",
"5728848cff5b5019007da29a": "rich and well socially standing",
"5728848cff5b5019007da29b": "less rich Mongol and Semu",
"572885023acd2414000dfa83": "Northern Chinese",
"572885023acd2414000dfa84": "Northern Chinese were ranked higher and Southern Chinese",
"572885023acd2414000dfa85": "The Northern Chinese were ranked higher and Southern Chinese were ranked lower because southern China withstood",
"572885023acd2414000dfa86": "lower",
"572885023acd2414000dfa87": "private southern Chinese manufacturers and merchants",
"5728855d3acd2414000dfa8d": "the Karluks",
"5728855d3acd2414000dfa8e": "Karluk Kara-Khanid ruler",
"5728855d3acd2414000dfa8f": "Uighur King of Qocho",
"5728855d3acd2414000dfa90": "Karluk Kara-Khanid ruler, who in turn was ranked higher than the Korean King, who was ranked last",
"572885c44b864d1900164a78": "Central Region",
"572885c44b864d1900164a79": "Central Secretariat",
"572885c44b864d1900164a7a": "Khanbaliq",
"572885c44b864d1900164a7b": "Beijing",
"572885c44b864d1900164a7c": "Zhongshu Sheng",
"5728eff82ca10214002daadc": "disease",
"5728eff82ca10214002daadd": "pathogens",
"5728eff82ca10214002daade": "neuroimmune system",
"5728eff82ca10214002daadf": "the blood\u2013brain barrier, blood\u2013cerebrospinal fluid barrier, and similar fluid\u2013brain barriers",
"572a14af3f37b319004786c1": "pathogens",
"572a14af3f37b319004786c2": "humoral immunity versus cell-mediated immunity",
"572a14af3f37b319004786c3": "innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system, or humoral immunity versus cell-mediated immunity",
"572a14af3f37b319004786c4": "pathogens",
"5728f2e26aef051400154896": "Immunodeficiency",
"5728f2e26aef051400154897": "autoimmunity",
"5728f2e26aef051400154898": "Immunology",
"5728f2e26aef051400154899": "HIV/AIDS, or the use of immunosuppressive medication",
"5728f3724b864d1900165116": "Robert Koch's 1891 proofs",
"5728f3724b864d1900165117": "Viruses",
"5728f3724b864d1900165118": "yellow fever",
"5728f3724b864d1900165119": "430 BC",
"5728f6446aef0514001548e4": "Innate immune systems",
"5728f6446aef0514001548e5": "adaptive immune system",
"5728f6446aef0514001548e6": "mount faster and stronger attacks",
"5728f6446aef0514001548e7": "physical barriers",
"5728f7774b864d190016512e": "self and non-self molecules",
"5728f7774b864d190016512f": "self molecules",
"5728f7774b864d1900165130": "non-self molecules",
"5728f7774b864d1900165131": "antigens",
"5728f7774b864d1900165132": "specific immune receptors",
"5728f9882ca10214002dab5a": "pattern recognition receptors",
"5728f9882ca10214002dab5b": "immune",
"5728f9882ca10214002dab5c": "microorganisms",
"5728f9882ca10214002dab5d": "pathogens",
"5728fb002ca10214002dab6a": "The waxy cuticle of many leaves, the exoskeleton of insects, the shells and membranes of externally deposited eggs, and skin",
"5728fb002ca10214002dab6b": "The waxy cuticle of many leaves, the exoskeleton of insects, the shells and membranes of externally deposited eggs, and skin",
"5728fb002ca10214002dab6c": "coughing and sneezing",
"5728fb002ca10214002dab6d": "gas",
"5728fb002ca10214002dab6e": "tears and urine",
"5728fc2eaf94a219006a9ec7": "the \u03b2-defensins",
"5728fc2eaf94a219006a9ec8": "lysozyme and phospholipase A2",
"5728fc2eaf94a219006a9ec9": "defensins and zinc",
"5728fc2eaf94a219006a9eca": "gastric acid and proteases",
"5728fc2eaf94a219006a9ecb": "menarche",
"5728fd206aef05140015494c": "commensal flora",
"5728fd206aef05140015494d": "fungi",
"5728fd206aef05140015494e": "lactoba",
"5728fd206aef05140015494f": "pH or available iron",
"572900f73f37b31900477f69": "Inflammation",
"572900f73f37b31900477f6a": "redness, swelling, heat, and pain",
"572900f73f37b31900477f6b": "eicosanoids and cytokines",
"572900f73f37b31900477f6c": "prostaglandins",
"572900f73f37b31900477f6d": "interleukins",
"572905ce1d04691400778f83": "phagocytes",
"572905ce1d04691400778f84": "cytokines",
"572905ce1d04691400778f85": "intracellular vesicle called a phagosome",
"572905ce1d04691400778f86": "phagolysosome",
"572905ce1d04691400778f87": "acquiring nutrients",
"5729081d3f37b31900477fab": "Neutrophils and macrophages",
"5729081d3f37b31900477fac": "Neutrophils",
"5729081d3f37b31900477fad": "50% to 60%",
"5729081d3f37b31900477fae": "chemotaxis",
"5729081d3f37b31900477faf": "enzymes, complement proteins",
"572908c13f37b31900477fbd": "Leukocytes",
"572908c13f37b31900477fbe": "Leukocytes",
"572908c13f37b31900477fbf": "adaptive",
"572908c13f37b31900477fc0": "macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells",
"5729efab3f37b319004785cf": "Dendritic cells",
"5729efab3f37b319004785d0": "neuronal dendrites",
"5729efab3f37b319004785d1": "Dendritic cells",
"5729efab3f37b319004785d2": "T cells",
"5729f06f1d04691400779673": "Natural killer cells",
"5729f06f1d04691400779674": "missing self",
"5729f06f1d04691400779675": "MHC I",
"5729f06f1d04691400779676": "KIR",
"5729f12e3f37b319004785e1": "vertebrates",
"5729f12e3f37b319004785e2": "antigen presentation",
"5729f12e3f37b319004785e3": "pathogens or pathogen-infected cells",
"5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d3": "the killer T cell and the helper T cell",
"5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d4": "regulatory T cells",
"5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d5": "Class I MHC molecules, while helper T cells",
"5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d6": "Class I MHC molecules, while helper T cells",
"5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d7": "I MHC molecules, while helper T cells and regulatory T cells only recognize antigens coupled to Class II",
"5729f39a6aef05140015514c": "viruses",
"5729f39a6aef05140015514d": "TCR",
"5729f39a6aef05140015514e": "CD8",
"5729f39a6aef05140015514f": "TCR",
"5729f39a6aef051400155150": "granulysin (a protease) induces",
"5729f4b41d0469140077968b": "CD4 co-receptor",
"5729f4b41d0469140077968c": "200\u2013300",
"5729f4b41d0469140077968d": "200\u2013300",
"5729f4b41d0469140077968e": "cytokines that influence the activity of many cell types. Cytokine",
"5729f4b41d0469140077968f": "Cytokine",
"5729f5a03f37b31900478605": "helper T cells",
"5729f5a03f37b31900478606": "\u03b3\u03b4 T cells",
"5729f5a03f37b31900478607": "\u03b3\u03b4 T cells straddle the border between innate and adaptive immunity. On one hand, \u03b3\u03b4 T cells are a component",
"5729f5a03f37b31900478608": "adaptive immunity",
"5729f5a03f37b31900478609": "TCR genes",
"5729f69caf94a219006aa6f9": "A B cell",
"5729f69caf94a219006aa6fa": "proteolysis",
"5729f69caf94a219006aa6fb": "lymphokines",
"5729f799af94a219006aa707": "long-lived memory cells",
"5729f799af94a219006aa708": "Immunological",
"5729f799af94a219006aa709": "passive short-term memory or active long-term memory",
"5729f799af94a219006aa70a": "each specific pathogen",
"5729f8516aef05140015516c": "microbes",
"5729f8516aef05140015516d": "IgG",
"5729f8516aef05140015516e": "Breast milk",
"5729f8516aef05140015516f": "IgG",
"5729f9953f37b3190047861f": "immunomodulators",
"5729f9953f37b31900478620": "adaptive and innate",
"5729f9953f37b31900478621": "lupus erythematosus",
"5729f9953f37b31900478622": "immunosuppressive",
"5729fa40af94a219006aa70f": "NFIL3",
"5729fa40af94a219006aa710": "heart disease, chronic pain",
"5729fa40af94a219006aa711": "active immunizations",
"5729fb003f37b31900478627": "progressive decline in hormone levels",
"5729fb003f37b31900478628": "vitamin",
"5729fb003f37b31900478629": "hormones",
"5729fb003f37b3190047862a": "cholecalciferol",
"5729fc3d1d0469140077969d": "killer T cells",
"5729fc3d1d0469140077969e": "MHC class I molecules",
"5729fc3d1d0469140077969f": "viral antigens",
"5729fc3d1d046914007796a0": "antibodies",
"5729fd111d046914007796a5": "phagocytic cells",
"5729fd111d046914007796a6": "PAMPs",
"5729fd111d046914007796a7": "rapid apoptosis",
"5729fd111d046914007796a8": "Systemic acquired resistance",
"5729fd111d046914007796a9": "Systemic acquired resistance",
"5729fe5c3f37b3190047862f": "autoimmune disorders",
"5729fe5c3f37b31900478630": "self and non-self",
"5729fe5c3f37b31900478631": "the thymus and bone marrow",
"5729fe5c3f37b31900478632": "self",
"5729fefbaf94a219006aa739": "Immunodeficiencies",
"5729fefbaf94a219006aa73a": "young and the elderly",
"5729fefbaf94a219006aa73b": "50 years of age",
"5729fefbaf94a219006aa73c": "malnutrition",
"5729fefbaf94a219006aa73d": "malnutrition",
"5729ffda1d046914007796af": "vaccination",
"5729ffda1d046914007796b0": "immunization",
"5729ffda1d046914007796b1": "immunization",
"5729ffda1d046914007796b2": "natural specificity",
"572a019f3f37b31900478643": "enzymes",
"572a019f3f37b31900478644": "type III secretion system",
"572a019f3f37b31900478645": "shut down host defenses",
"572a019f3f37b31900478646": "elude host immune responses",
"572a02483f37b3190047864b": "Frank Burnet, inspired by a suggestion made by Niels Jerne",
"572a02483f37b3190047864c": "pathogens",
"572a02483f37b3190047864d": "self/nonself theory",
"572a02483f37b3190047864e": "Niels Jerne",
"572a03086aef0514001551a2": "Glucocorticoids",
"572a03086aef0514001551a3": "cytotoxic or immunosuppressive",
"572a03086aef0514001551a4": "methotrexate or azathioprine",
"572a03086aef0514001551a5": "cyclosporin",
"572a04d51d046914007796cd": "cytotoxic natural killer cells",
"572a04d51d046914007796ce": "cortisol and catecholamines",
"572a04d51d046914007796cf": "melatonin",
"572a04d51d046914007796d0": "stress",
"572a058aaf94a219006aa751": "vitamin D receptor",
"572a058aaf94a219006aa752": "steroid hormone calcitriol",
"572a058aaf94a219006aa753": "symbiotic",
"572a058aaf94a219006aa754": "CYP27B1",
"572a058aaf94a219006aa755": "calcidiol, are dendritic cells, keratinocytes",
"572a06af3f37b31900478667": "Pattern recognition receptors",
"572a06af3f37b31900478668": "defensins",
"572a06af3f37b31900478669": "complement system and phagocytic cells",
"572a06af3f37b3190047866a": "Ribonucleases and the RNA interference pathway",
"572a07fc6aef0514001551dc": "immunoglobulins and T cell receptors",
"572a07fc6aef0514001551dd": "lamprey and hagfish",
"572a07fc6aef0514001551de": "Variable lymphocyte receptors",
"572a07fc6aef0514001551df": "adaptive immune system",
"572a096e6aef0514001551e4": "lymphocytes",
"572a096e6aef0514001551e5": "restriction modification system",
"572a096e6aef0514001551e6": "viral",
"572a096e6aef0514001551e7": "CRISPR",
"572a0a686aef0514001551ec": "humoral",
"572a0a686aef0514001551ed": "Elie Metchnikoff",
"572a0a686aef0514001551ee": "phagocytes",
"572a0a686aef0514001551ef": "Robert Koch",
"572a0a686aef0514001551f0": "soluble components (molecules",
"572a0b0b6aef0514001551f6": "cancers",
"572a0b0b6aef0514001551f7": "MHC class I molecules",
"572a0b0b6aef0514001551f8": "cytokine TGF-\u03b2",
"572a0b0b6aef0514001551f9": "macrophages and lymphocytes",
"572a0bf96aef051400155204": "Hypersensitivity",
"572a0bf96aef051400155205": "four",
"572a0bf96aef051400155206": "anaphylactic reaction",
"572a0bf96aef051400155207": "anaphylactic reaction",
"572a0bf96aef051400155208": "four classes",
"572a0ce11d046914007796fd": "intracellular pathogenesis",
"572a0ce11d046914007796fe": "viruses",
"572a0ce11d046914007796ff": "Plasmodium falciparum",
"572a0ce11d04691400779700": "Mycoba",
"572a0ce11d04691400779701": "cystic fibrosis",
"572a0e4b6aef051400155214": "antigenic variation",
"572a0e4b6aef051400155215": "HIV",
"572a0e4b6aef051400155216": "HIV",
"572a0e4b6aef051400155217": "HIV, the envelope that covers the virion",
"572a0f073f37b3190047867f": "immune surveillance",
"572a0f073f37b31900478680": "papillomavirus",
"572a0f073f37b31900478681": "tyrosinas",
"572a0f073f37b31900478682": "mutate into cancer inducing molecules called oncogenes",
"572a0f073f37b31900478683": "express antigens",
"572a10cd6aef051400155222": "500 Da",
"572a10cd6aef051400155223": "hydrophobic",
"572a10cd6aef051400155224": "hydrophobic amino acids",
"572a10cd6aef051400155225": "hydrophilic amino acids are overrepresented in epitope regions than hydrophobic amino acids",
"572a10cd6aef051400155226": "hydrophilic amino acids",
"572a12386aef051400155234": "leptin",
"572a12386aef051400155235": "alpha and IFN-gamma. These cytokines",
"572a12386aef051400155236": "alpha and IFN",
"572a12386aef051400155237": "gamma. These cytokines",
"572a135daf94a219006aa79f": "bacteriophage",
"572a135daf94a219006aa7a0": "phagocytosis",
"572a135daf94a219006aa7a1": "Adaptive (or acquired) immunity creates immunological memory",
"572a135daf94a219006aa7a2": "over time to recognize specific pathogens more efficiently. Adaptive (or acquired) immunity",
"572a142e3f37b319004786b9": "carbohydrates",
"572a142e3f37b319004786ba": "signal amplification",
"572a142e3f37b319004786bb": "antibodies",
"572a142e3f37b319004786bc": "disrupting",
"57293b843f37b31900478133": "Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change",
"57293b843f37b31900478134": "the World Meteorological Organization",
"57293b843f37b31900478135": "greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere",
"57293b843f37b31900478136": "international treaty on climate change. The ultimate objective of the UNFCCC is to \"",
"57293b843f37b31900478137": "Resolution 43/53",
"57293bc91d0469140077919b": "Hoesung Lee",
"57293bc91d0469140077919c": "Korean",
"57293bc91d0469140077919d": "Ismail El Gizouli",
"57293bc91d0469140077919e": "Ismail El Gizouli",
"57293bc91d0469140077919f": "February 2015",
"57293c246aef051400154bb8": "representatives appointed by governments and organizations",
"57293c246aef051400154bb9": "350 government officials and climate change experts. After the opening ceremonies, closed plenary sessions were held. The meeting report states there were 322",
"57293c246aef051400154bba": "Non Governmental and Intergovernmental Organizations may be allowed to attend as observers. Sessions of the IPCC Bureau, workshops, expert and lead authors",
"57293c246aef051400154bbb": "350",
"57293ca73f37b3190047815b": "1989",
"57293ca73f37b3190047815c": "United Nations Environment Programme",
"57293ca73f37b3190047815d": "IPCC Trust Fund",
"57293ca73f37b3190047815e": "WMO, while UNEP meets the cost of the Depute Secretary",
"57293ca73f37b3190047815f": "Financial Regulations and Rules",
"57293d116aef051400154bc8": "it monitor climate related data",
"57293d116aef051400154bc9": "published sources",
"57293d116aef051400154bca": "non-peer-reviewed sources",
"57293d116aef051400154bcb": "model results, reports from government agencies and non-governmental organizations, and industry journals",
"57293d6d1d046914007791b7": "two",
"57293d6d1d046914007791b8": "two \"coordinating lead authors\", ten to fifteen",
"57293d6d1d046914007791b9": "two \"coordinating lead authors\", ten to fifteen",
"57293d6d1d046914007791ba": "The coordinating lead authors",
"57293d6d1d046914007791bb": "Working Group chairs",
"57293e221d046914007791d5": "emissions",
"57293e221d046914007791d6": "emissions resulting from human activities",
"57293e221d046914007791d7": "over half",
"57293e221d046914007791d8": "BAU",
"57293e221d046914007791d9": "3 to 0.6 \u00b0C over the last 100 years",
"57293e983f37b3190047818b": "2001",
"57293e983f37b3190047818c": "16 national science academies",
"57293e983f37b3190047818d": "Australian Academy of Science",
"57293e983f37b3190047818e": "90%",
"57293e983f37b3190047818f": "90%",
"57293f353f37b3190047819b": "Richard Lindzen",
"57293f353f37b3190047819c": "does not faithfully summarize the full WGI report",
"57293f353f37b3190047819d": "John Houghton",
"57293f353f37b3190047819e": "criticisms of the SPM. Houghton has stressed that the SPM is agreed upon by delegates from many of the world's governments",
"57293f353f37b3190047819f": "scientific evidence",
"57293f8a6aef051400154bde": "The preparation and approval process for all IPCC Special Reports follows the same procedures",
"57293f8a6aef051400154bdf": "2011",
"57293f8a6aef051400154be0": "2011",
"57293f8a6aef051400154be1": "requested by governments",
"572940246aef051400154bec": "Data Distribution Centre and the National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme",
"572940246aef051400154bed": "publishing default emission factors",
"572940246aef051400154bee": "publishing default emission factors",
"572940246aef051400154bef": "WMO Executive Council",
"572940973f37b319004781a5": "the date",
"572940973f37b319004781a6": "poor application of well-established IPCC procedures",
"572940973f37b319004781a7": "Variations of Snow and Ice in the past and at present on a Global and Regional Scale",
"572940973f37b319004781a8": "the WWF report",
"572941273f37b319004781ad": "Former IPCC chairman",
"572941273f37b319004781ae": "all appear to have gone in the direction of making it seem like climate change",
"572941273f37b319004781af": "a climate expert",
"572941273f37b319004781b0": "Himalayan glaciers",
"572941273f37b319004781b1": "unfounded and also marginal to the assessment",
"57294209af94a219006aa201": "1999",
"57294209af94a219006aa202": "Michael E. Mann, Raymond S. Bradley and Malcolm K. Hughes",
"57294209af94a219006aa203": "hockey stick graph",
"57294209af94a219006aa204": "Millennial Northern Hemisphere temperature",
"57294279af94a219006aa209": "1000 and 1900",
"57294279af94a219006aa20a": "Fred Singer",
"57294279af94a219006aa20b": "Capitol Hill",
"57294279af94a219006aa20c": "18 July 2000",
"57294279af94a219006aa20d": "United States Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation hearing",
"572943ab1d04691400779219": "Joe Barton",
"572943ab1d0469140077921a": "Ed Whitfield",
"572943ab1d0469140077921b": "23 June 2005",
"572943ab1d0469140077921c": "Sherwood Boehlert",
"572943ab1d0469140077921d": "Sherwood Boehlert",
"572944e03f37b319004781e1": "2007",
"572944e03f37b319004781e2": "2001",
"572944e03f37b319004781e3": "14",
"572944e03f37b319004781e4": "Ten of these 14",
"572944e03f37b319004781e5": "divergence",
"572945b11d0469140077922f": "1 February 2007",
"572945b11d04691400779230": "projections on temperature and sea level change with observations",
"572945b11d04691400779231": "observations",
"572945b11d04691400779232": "observations",
"572949306aef051400154c68": "projected rises in sea levels",
"572949306aef051400154c69": "0.5\u20131.4 m",
"572949306aef051400154c6a": "0.5\u20131.4 m",
"572949306aef051400154c6b": "2001",
"57294baaaf94a219006aa26b": "long-time participant",
"57294baaaf94a219006aa26c": "Michael Oppenheimer",
"57294baaaf94a219006aa26d": "IPCC consensus",
"57294e6b1d04691400779275": "environmental challenges (compare Ozone depletion and global warming",
"57294e6b1d04691400779276": "Climate Change, the Kyoto Protocol failed",
"57294e6b1d04691400779277": "governments",
"5729506d6aef051400154cac": "Sheldon Ungar's comparison with global warming, the actors",
"5729506d6aef051400154cad": "reductions",
"5729506d6aef051400154cae": "regional burden sharing conflicts",
"5729506d6aef051400154caf": "IPCC to involve better assessments of costs and benefits of climate change but the Stern Review ordered by the UK government",
"5729517d6aef051400154cc8": "scientific papers",
"5729517d6aef051400154cc9": "any significant new evidence or events that change our understanding of climate science",
"5729517d6aef051400154cca": "our scientific understanding is rapidly changing, this has been raised as a serious shortcoming in a body which is widely regarded as the ultimate authority on the science",
"572951f16aef051400154cce": "five",
"572951f16aef051400154ccf": "journal Nature",
"572951f16aef051400154cd0": "a range of new organizational options",
"572951f16aef051400154cd1": "remove government oversight",
"57296d571d04691400779413": "positive",
"57296d571d04691400779414": "a composite number",
"57296d571d04691400779415": "fundamental theorem of arithmetic",
"57296d571d04691400779416": "primes",
"57296d571d04691400779417": "prime because one can include arbitrarily",
"57296f293f37b319004783a3": "primality",
"57296f293f37b319004783a4": "trial division",
"57296f293f37b319004783a5": "Miller\u2013Rabin primality test",
"57296f293f37b319004783a6": "Miller\u2013Rabin primality test",
"57296f293f37b319004783a7": "22,338,618",
"572970c11d04691400779463": "infinitely",
"572970c11d04691400779464": "Euclid",
"572970c11d04691400779465": "statistical",
"572970c11d04691400779466": "prime number theorem",
"572970c11d04691400779467": "end of the 19th century",
"5729727baf94a219006aa437": "Goldbach's conjecture",
"5729727baf94a219006aa438": "twin prime conjecture",
"5729727baf94a219006aa439": "algebraic aspects of numbers",
"5729727baf94a219006aa43a": "public-key cryptography",
"5729727baf94a219006aa43b": "twin prime conjecture",
"572973f76aef051400154f0a": "2",
"572973f76aef051400154f0b": "prime",
"572973f76aef051400154f0c": "odd prime",
"572973f76aef051400154f0d": "9",
"572973f76aef051400154f0e": "0 or 5",
"57297547af94a219006aa45b": "1",
"57297547af94a219006aa45c": "Christian Goldbach",
"57297547af94a219006aa45d": "Christian Goldbach",
"57297547af94a219006aa45e": "10,006",
"57297547af94a219006aa45f": "a prime",
"57297781af94a219006aa4a3": "sieve of Eratosthenes",
"57297781af94a219006aa4a4": "work correctly if 1 were considered a prime: a modified version of the sieve that considers 1 as prime would eliminate all multiples",
"57297781af94a219006aa4a5": "divisors",
"57297781af94a219006aa4a6": "divisors",
"57297781af94a219006aa4a7": "correctly",
"572978f91d046914007794d3": "Rhind",
"572978f91d046914007794d4": "Greeks",
"572978f91d046914007794d5": "Euclid's Elements",
"572978f91d046914007794d6": "Euclid",
"572978f91d046914007794d7": "simple method",
"57297a276aef051400154f88": "1640",
"57297a276aef051400154f89": "Euler",
"57297a276aef051400154f8a": "22n + 1",
"57297a276aef051400154f8b": "up to n = 4 (or 216 + 1)",
"57297a276aef051400154f8c": "French monk Marin Mersenne looked at primes of the form 2p",
"57297bc9af94a219006aa4c7": "trial division",
"57297bc9af94a219006aa4c8": "prime. This routine",
"57297bc9af94a219006aa4c9": "1 and less",
"57297bc9af94a219006aa4ca": "1 and less than or equal to the square root of n",
"57297bc9af94a219006aa4cb": "three",
"57297d421d046914007794e5": "two",
"57297d421d046914007794e6": "probabilistic",
"57297d421d046914007794e7": "probabilistic",
"57297d421d046914007794e8": "deterministic algorithm",
"57297d421d046914007794e9": "faster",
"57297ed93f37b3190047845f": "Fermat primality test",
"57297ed93f37b31900478460": "the fact (Fermat's little theorem) that np\u2261n (mod p) for any n if p is a prime number",
"57297ed93f37b31900478461": "composite numbers",
"57297ed93f37b31900478462": "probabilistic test is the Fermat primality test, which relies on the fact (Fermat's little theorem",
"57297ed93f37b31900478463": "probabilistic test is the Fermat primality test, which relies on the fact (Fermat's little theorem",
"572980f9af94a219006aa4d1": "2p + 1 with p prime",
"572980f9af94a219006aa4d2": "prime",
"572980f9af94a219006aa4d3": "Lucas\u2013Lehmer test",
"572980f9af94a219006aa4d4": "Sophie Germain primes",
"572980f9af94a219006aa4d5": "Sophie Germain primes",
"572982e66aef051400154f92": "distributed",
"572982e66aef051400154f93": "2009",
"572982e66aef051400154f94": "US$100,000 prize",
"572982e66aef051400154f95": "Electronic Frontier Foundation",
"572982e76aef051400154f96": "Mersenne primes",
"572985011d04691400779501": "floor function",
"572985011d04691400779502": "Chebyshev",
"572985011d04691400779503": "3",
"572985011d04691400779504": "one prime number p with n < p < 2n \u2212 2",
"572985011d04691400779505": "Wilson",
"572987e46aef051400154fa2": "satisfied",
"572987e46aef051400154fa3": "Dirichlet's theorem",
"572987e46aef051400154fa4": "1",
"572987e46aef051400154fa5": "one prime number. In all other rows (a = 1, 2",
"572987e46aef051400154fa6": "all other rows",
"572989846aef051400154fc0": "The zeta function",
"572989846aef051400154fc1": "\u03b6(1) would have a finite value",
"572989846aef051400154fc2": "diverges",
"572989846aef051400154fc3": "exceeds any given number",
"572989846aef051400154fc4": "algebraic number theory is the following identity",
"57298ef11d0469140077952d": "1859",
"57298ef11d0469140077952e": "\u22122, \u22124",
"57298ef11d0469140077952f": "random noise",
"57298ef11d04691400779530": "irregularities",
"57298ef11d04691400779531": "asymptotic",
"57299021af94a219006aa50b": "1912",
"57299021af94a219006aa50c": "Goldbach's conjecture",
"57299021af94a219006aa50d": "all numbers up to n = 2 \u00b7 1017",
"57299021af94a219006aa50e": "Chen's theorem",
"57299021af94a219006aa50f": "Chen's theorem",
"572991943f37b319004784a1": "difference 2 (twin prime conjecture). Polignac's conjecture",
"572991943f37b319004784a2": "difference 2",
"572991943f37b319004784a3": "Polignac's conjecture",
"572991943f37b319004784a4": "n2 + 1",
"572991943f37b319004784a5": "Brocard's conjecture",
"57299326af94a219006aa515": "canonical",
"57299326af94a219006aa516": "G. H. Hardy",
"57299326af94a219006aa517": "1970s",
"57299326af94a219006aa518": "pseudorandom number generators",
"57299326af94a219006aa519": "hash tables",
"572995d46aef051400154fe8": "recurring",
"572995d46aef051400154fe9": "recurring decimal",
"572995d46aef051400154fea": "q. Wilson's theorem says that an integer p > 1 is prime if and only if the factorial (p \u2212 1)! +",
"572995d46aef051400154feb": "p \u2212 1)! +",
"572995d46aef051400154fec": "The fraction 1/p expressed likewise in base q (rather than base 10) has similar effect",
"572996c73f37b319004784b3": "RSA and the Diffie\u2013Hellman key exchange",
"572996c73f37b319004784b4": "RSA and the Diffie\u2013Hellman key exchange",
"572996c73f37b319004784b5": "512",
"572996c73f37b319004784b6": "modular",
"572996c73f37b319004784b7": "512",
"572998673f37b319004784d5": "Magicicada",
"572998673f37b319004784d6": "grubs underground",
"572998673f37b319004784d7": "17 years",
"572998673f37b319004784d8": "the prime number intervals between emergences make it very difficult for predators to evolve that could specialize as predators on Magicicadas",
"572998673f37b319004784d9": "200-year period, average predator populations during hypothetical outbreaks of 14- and 15-year cicadas would be up to 2%",
"57299a6f6aef051400155016": "minimality or indecomposability",
"57299a6f6aef051400155017": "smallest subfield",
"57299a6f6aef051400155018": "minimality",
"57299a6f6aef051400155019": "a connected sum of prime knots. Prime models and prime 3-manifolds",
"57299a6f6aef05140015501a": "a second",
"57299c2c6aef051400155020": "prime elements and irreducible elements",
"57299c2c6aef051400155021": "Prime numbers",
"57299c2c6aef051400155022": "Prime numbers",
"57299c2c6aef051400155023": "if it is neither zero nor a unit",
"57299c2c6aef051400155024": "if it is not a unit and cannot be written as a product of two ring elements",
"57299d1c1d04691400779581": "fundamental theorem of arithmetic",
"57299d1c1d04691400779582": "Gaussian integers Z",
"57299d1c1d04691400779583": "a + bi",
"57299d1c1d04691400779584": "arbitrary integers",
"57299d1c1d04691400779585": "Gaussian",
"57299ec43f37b3190047850d": "ring theory",
"57299ec43f37b3190047850e": "Prime ideals",
"57299ec43f37b3190047850f": "ring theory",
"57299ec43f37b31900478510": "fundamental theorem of arithmetic",
"57299ec43f37b31900478511": "arithmetic generalizes to the Lasker\u2013Noether theorem, which expresses every ideal in a Noetherian",
"5729a03f1d04691400779593": "Prime ideals",
"5729a03f1d04691400779594": "ramification of prime ideals when lifted to an extension field",
"5729a03f1d04691400779595": "integers of quadratic number fields",
"5729a03f1d04691400779596": "solvability",
"5729a26d6aef05140015505a": "smaller",
"5729a26d6aef05140015505b": "local) fields. This local-global principle again underlines",
"5729a26d6aef05140015505c": "p-adic norm",
"5729a26d6aef05140015505d": "global principle again underlines the importance of primes to number theory",
"5729a3716aef05140015506a": "Olivier Messiaen",
"5729a3716aef05140015506b": "prime numbers to create ametrical music through \"natural phenomena",
"5729a3716aef05140015506c": "ametrical music through \"natural phenomena",
"5729a3716aef05140015506d": "third",
"5729a3716aef05140015506e": "free and unequal durations",
"572f5533a23a5019007fc55c": "Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden in the southeastern Swiss Alps",
"572f5533a23a5019007fc55d": "Cologne",
"572f5533a23a5019007fc55e": "Cologne",
"572f5533a23a5019007fc55f": "about 1,230 km",
"572fe1d404bcaa1900d76e37": "Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden in the southeastern Swiss Alps",
"572fe1d404bcaa1900d76e3a": "Cologne",
"572fe1d404bcaa1900d76e3b": "about 1,230 km",
"572f55e8a23a5019007fc56b": "Gaulish name R\u0113nos",
"572f55e8a23a5019007fc56c": "Rh- in English Rhine as well as in German Rhein and French Rhin",
"572f55e8a23a5019007fc56d": "*R\u012bna",
"572f55e8a23a5019007fc56e": "1st century BC",
"572fe288a23a5019007fcad7": "R\u0113nos",
"572fe288a23a5019007fcad8": "R\u0113nos",
"572fe288a23a5019007fcad9": "*R\u012bnaz",
"572fe288a23a5019007fcada": "R\u0113nos",
"572fe288a23a5019007fcadb": "Rh- in English Rhine",
"572f567cb2c2fd140056803f": "Rhine-kilometers",
"572f567cb2c2fd1400568040": "1939",
"572f567cb2c2fd1400568041": "Rheinkilometer), a scale introduced in 1939 which runs from the Old Rhine Bridge at Constance",
"572f567cb2c2fd1400568042": "Constance",
"572f567cb2c2fd1400568043": "natural course",
"572fe393947a6a140053cdba": "Rhine-kilometers",
"572fe393947a6a140053cdbb": "1939",
"572fe393947a6a140053cdbc": "Constance",
"572fe393947a6a140053cdbd": "Constance",
"572fe393947a6a140053cdbe": "number of canalisation projects",
"572f5703a23a5019007fc573": "north",
"572f5703a23a5019007fc574": "86 km long",
"572f5703a23a5019007fc575": "Rheintal",
"572f5703a23a5019007fc576": "Sargans",
"572f5703a23a5019007fc577": "Liechtenstein",
"572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4b": "Chur",
"572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4c": "86 km long",
"572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4d": "599 m to 396 m",
"572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4e": "Rhine Valley",
"572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4f": "Liechtenstein",
"572f57c704bcaa1900d7686d": "Lake Constance",
"572f57c704bcaa1900d7686e": "Alter Rhein",
"572f57c704bcaa1900d7686f": "Alter Rhein",
"572f57c704bcaa1900d76870": "\"Isel",
"572f57c704bcaa1900d76871": "Alter Rhein",
"572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e55": "Lake Constance",
"572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e56": "Alter Rhein",
"572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e57": "Alter Rhein",
"572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e58": "small islands by precipitating sediments",
"572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e59": "Alemannic",
"572f5875947a6a140053c89a": "Fu\u00dfach",
"572f5875947a6a140053c89b": "an upper canal near Diepoldsau and a lower canal at Fu\u00dfach",
"572f5875947a6a140053c89c": "strong sedimentation",
"572f5875947a6a140053c89d": "parallel to the canalized Rhine into the lake",
"572f5875947a6a140053c89e": "will silt up the lake. This has already happened",
"572fe53104bcaa1900d76e69": "Fu\u00dfach",
"572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6a": "Fu\u00dfach",
"572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6b": "to counteract the constant flooding and strong sedimentation",
"572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6c": "The Dornbirner Ach",
"572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6d": "continuous input of sediment",
"572f58d9a23a5019007fc57d": "three",
"572f58d9a23a5019007fc57e": "Seerhein",
"572f58d9a23a5019007fc57f": "upper lake",
"572f58d9a23a5019007fc580": "lower lake",
"572f58d9a23a5019007fc581": "Swiss-Austrian",
"572fe60fb2c2fd140056858b": "three",
"572fe60fb2c2fd140056858c": "Austria near the Alps",
"572fe60fb2c2fd140056858d": "Germany, Switzerland and Austria near the Alps",
"572fe60fb2c2fd140056858e": "Germany, Switzerland and Austria near the Alps",
"572fe60fb2c2fd140056858f": "Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg",
"572f59b4a23a5019007fc587": "greater density of cold water",
"572f59b4a23a5019007fc588": "Upper Lake",
"572f59b4a23a5019007fc589": "Lindau",
"572f59b4a23a5019007fc58a": "Bodensee. A small fraction of the flow is diverted off the island of Mainau into Lake \u00dcberlingen",
"572f59b4a23a5019007fc58b": "entire length",
"572fe92204bcaa1900d76e95": "Upper Lake",
"572fe92204bcaa1900d76e96": "\u00dcberlingen",
"572fe92204bcaa1900d76e97": "Hagnau am Bodensee",
"572fe92204bcaa1900d76e98": "\"",
"572fe92204bcaa1900d76e99": "water",
"572f609ca23a5019007fc5af": "westward",
"572f609ca23a5019007fc5b0": "Aare",
"572f609ca23a5019007fc5b1": "more than doubles the Rhine's water discharge, to an average of nearly 1,000 m3/s",
"572f609ca23a5019007fc5b2": "Finsteraarhorn",
"572f609ca23a5019007fc5b3": "Stadt",
"572fe9b3947a6a140053cde0": "westward",
"572fe9b3947a6a140053cde1": "Aare",
"572fe9b3947a6a140053cde2": "4,274 m",
"572fe9b3947a6a140053cde3": "Finsteraarhorn",
"572fe9b3947a6a140053cde4": "Dutch",
"572f60f4947a6a140053c8ea": "Rhine knee",
"572f60f4947a6a140053c8eb": "Rhine knee",
"572f60f4947a6a140053c8ec": "Central Bridge",
"572f60f4947a6a140053c8ed": "300 km long",
"572f60f4947a6a140053c8ee": "40 km wide",
"572fec30947a6a140053cdf2": "Rhine knee",
"572fec30947a6a140053cdf3": "Rhine knee",
"572fec30947a6a140053cdf4": "North",
"572fec30947a6a140053cdf5": "High Rhine",
"572fec30947a6a140053cdf6": "Central Bridge",
"572f64ccb2c2fd14005680b7": "19th Century",
"572f64ccb2c2fd14005680b8": "increased and the ground water level fell significantly",
"572f64ccb2c2fd14005680b9": "fell significantly",
"572f64ccb2c2fd14005680ba": "Grand Canal d'Alsace",
"572f64ccb2c2fd14005680bb": "large compensation pools",
"572feddda23a5019007fcb5b": "Upper",
"572feddda23a5019007fcb5c": "19th Century",
"572feddda23a5019007fcb5d": "increased and the ground water level fell significantly",
"572feddda23a5019007fcb5e": "fell significantly",
"572feddda23a5019007fcb5f": "Grand Canal d'Alsace was dug, which carries a significant part of the river water",
"572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cb": "The Rhine",
"572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cc": "the Main and, later, the Moselle",
"572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cd": "300 m3/s",
"572f65e9b2c2fd14005680ce": "Neckar",
"572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cf": "1,300 ft",
"572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef5": "Germany",
"572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef6": "Germany",
"572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef7": "Moselle",
"572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef8": "Northeastern France",
"572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef9": "2,290 m3/s (81,000",
"572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5eb": "the Middle Rhine",
"572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5ec": "Rhine Gorge",
"572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5ed": "erosion",
"572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5ee": "Romantic Rhine",
"572ff12e04bcaa1900d76eff": "the Middle Rhine",
"572ff12e04bcaa1900d76f00": "Rhine Gorge",
"572ff12e04bcaa1900d76f02": "castles and vineyards",
"572ff12e04bcaa1900d76f03": "Romantic Rhine",
"572f6c85947a6a140053c940": "drinking",
"572f6c85947a6a140053c941": "Lower Rhine",
"572f6c85947a6a140053c942": "Duisburg",
"572f6c85947a6a140053c943": "Ruhr",
"572f6c85947a6a140053c944": "reforestation",
"572ff293947a6a140053ce52": "water pollution",
"572ff293947a6a140053ce53": "Lower Rhine",
"572ff293947a6a140053ce54": "Switzerland",
"572ff293947a6a140053ce55": "Duisburg",
"572ff293947a6a140053ce56": "Ruhr",
"572f6ec7a23a5019007fc621": "tourism",
"572f6ec7a23a5019007fc622": "R\u00fcdesheim am Rhein",
"572f6ec7a23a5019007fc623": "Lorelei",
"572f6ec7a23a5019007fc624": "the Middle Rhine Valley",
"572ff35f947a6a140053ce66": "tourism",
"572ff35f947a6a140053ce67": "UNESCO World Heritage Site",
"572ff35f947a6a140053ce68": "R\u00fcdesheim am Rhein",
"572ff35f947a6a140053ce69": "Lorelei",
"572ff35f947a6a140053ce6a": "Lorelei",
"572f7588947a6a140053c984": "Duisburg",
"572f7588947a6a140053c985": "Datteln",
"572f7588947a6a140053c986": "the Lippe. Between Emmerich",
"572f7588947a6a140053c987": "Krefeld",
"572f7588947a6a140053c988": "400",
"572ff430a23a5019007fcba9": "Lower Rhine",
"572ff430a23a5019007fcbaa": "Rhine-Ruhr region",
"572ff430a23a5019007fcbab": "Duisport",
"572ff430a23a5019007fcbac": "Krefeld",
"572ff430a23a5019007fcbad": "400",
"572f76d1b2c2fd1400568153": "Rijn",
"572f76d1b2c2fd1400568154": "Meuse",
"572f76d1b2c2fd1400568155": "Two thirds",
"572ff4ca04bcaa1900d76f24": "farther west",
"572ff4ca04bcaa1900d76f25": "farther west",
"572ff4ca04bcaa1900d76f26": "Meuse",
"572ff4ca04bcaa1900d76f27": "Beneden Merwede",
"572f7b33947a6a140053c9a2": "Pannerdens Kanaal and redistributes in the IJssel and Nederrijn",
"572f7b33947a6a140053c9a3": "Nederrijn",
"572f7b33947a6a140053c9a4": "Lek",
"572f7b33947a6a140053c9a5": "Wijk bij Duurstede",
"572ff56304bcaa1900d76f2d": "the Pannerdens Kanaal and redistributes",
"572ff56304bcaa1900d76f2e": "Nederrijn",
"572ff56304bcaa1900d76f2f": "one ninth",
"572ff56304bcaa1900d76f30": "Lek",
"572ff56304bcaa1900d76f31": "Wijk bij Duurstede",
"572ff5fcb2c2fd1400568657": "Rijn",
"572ff5fcb2c2fd1400568658": "draining the surrounding land and polders",
"572ff5fcb2c2fd1400568659": "Kromme Rijn",
"572ff5fcb2c2fd140056865a": "Kromme Rijn",
"572ff5fcb2c2fd140056865b": "Oude Rijn (\"Old Rhine\"). The latter flows west into a sluice",
"572ff673b2c2fd1400568669": "Rhine-Meuse Delta",
"572ff673b2c2fd140056866a": "Millingen aan de Rijn",
"572ff673b2c2fd140056866b": "Rhine-Meuse delta",
"572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f51": "Waal and Pannerdens Kanaal",
"572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f52": "three",
"572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f53": "Waal",
"572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f54": "Maas",
"572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f55": "Nederrijn, then changes into Lek",
"572ff83ab2c2fd1400568681": "St. Elizabeth's flood",
"572ff83ab2c2fd1400568682": "1421",
"572ff83ab2c2fd1400568683": "just south of today's line Merwede-Oude Maas to the North Sea",
"572ff83ab2c2fd1400568684": "archipelago-like estuary",
"572ff83ab2c2fd1400568685": "1421 to 1904",
"572ff890a23a5019007fcbcd": "dammed",
"572ff890a23a5019007fcbce": "drainage channels for the numerous polders",
"572ff890a23a5019007fcbcf": "construction of Delta Works",
"572ff890a23a5019007fcbd0": "second half of the 20th Century",
"572ff935b2c2fd140056869b": "tidal delta",
"572ff935b2c2fd140056869c": "tidal currents",
"572ff935b2c2fd140056869d": "strong tidal currents",
"572ff935b2c2fd140056869e": "Waal",
"572ffa79a23a5019007fcbe9": "Tethys sea",
"572ffa79a23a5019007fcbea": "Triassic Period of the Mesozoic Era",
"572ffa79a23a5019007fcbeb": "Jurassic Period",
"572ffa79a23a5019007fcbec": "laterally, generating the individual features of Mediterranean geography: Iberia pushed up the Pyrenees; Italy, the Alps",
"572ffa79a23a5019007fcbed": "orogeny",
"572ffb02b2c2fd14005686b7": "N\u2013S",
"572ffb02b2c2fd14005686b8": "Upper Rhine Graben",
"572ffb02b2c2fd14005686b9": "Miocene",
"572ffb02b2c2fd14005686ba": "Danube",
"572ffc0f947a6a140053cef0": "Through stream capture",
"572ffc0f947a6a140053cef1": "Pliocene",
"572ffc0f947a6a140053cef2": "Vosges Mountains",
"572ffce5a23a5019007fcc15": "Ice Ages",
"572ffce5a23a5019007fcc16": "six",
"572ffce5a23a5019007fcc17": "120 m (390 ft)",
"572ffce5a23a5019007fcc18": "northwest",
"572ffce5a23a5019007fcc19": "Brest, France",
"572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e5": "end of the Pleistocene",
"572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e6": "the Pleistocene",
"572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e7": "west through the Netherlands and extended to the southwest",
"572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e8": "120 m (390",
"572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e9": "dry land",
"572fff45947a6a140053cf26": "a glacier",
"572fff45947a6a140053cf27": "A tundra",
"572fff45947a6a140053cf28": "ca. 22,000\u201314,000 yr BP",
"572fff45947a6a140053cf29": "ice-sheets",
"572fff45947a6a140053cf2a": "loess",
"572fffb404bcaa1900d76fef": "22,000 years ago",
"572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff0": "thaw",
"572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff1": "the Rhine",
"572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff2": "13,000 BP",
"572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff3": "9000 BP",
"573003dd947a6a140053cf42": "7500 yr ago",
"573003dd947a6a140053cf43": "Rates of sea-level rise had dropped so far, that natural sedimentation by the Rhine and coastal processes",
"573003dd947a6a140053cf44": "last 7000 years",
"573003dd947a6a140053cf45": "tectonic subsidence",
"573003dd947a6a140053cf46": "at the rate of about 1\u20133 cm (0.39\u20131.18 in) per century",
"5730042804bcaa1900d77011": "11,700 years ago",
"5730042804bcaa1900d77012": "Late-Glacial valley",
"5730042804bcaa1900d77013": "Netherlands",
"5730042804bcaa1900d77014": "8,000 years ago",
"57300580b2c2fd140056874d": "Over the past 6000 years",
"57300580b2c2fd140056874e": "sediment load",
"57300580b2c2fd140056874f": "flooding and sedimentation",
"57300580b2c2fd1400568750": "80",
"57300580b2c2fd1400568751": "11\u201313th century",
"5730069004bcaa1900d7702d": "North Sea",
"5730069004bcaa1900d7702e": "total discharge) and the River I",
"5730069004bcaa1900d7702f": "north",
"5730069004bcaa1900d77030": "a freshwater lake",
"5730069004bcaa1900d77031": "three",
"57300761947a6a140053cf9a": "1st century BC",
"57300761947a6a140053cf9b": "Germania",
"57300761947a6a140053cf9c": "6th century BC",
"57300761947a6a140053cf9d": "Herodotus",
"573007fab2c2fd140056876b": "AD 14",
"573007fab2c2fd140056876c": "upper Danube",
"573007fab2c2fd140056876d": "until the empire fell",
"573007fab2c2fd140056876e": "southern",
"573007fab2c2fd140056876f": "eastward",
"57300888b2c2fd1400568775": "eight",
"57300888b2c2fd1400568776": "whether a state or threat of war existed",
"57300888b2c2fd1400568777": "Pannonian troops",
"57300888b2c2fd1400568778": "oppidum Ubiorum",
"57300888b2c2fd1400568779": "oppidum Ubiorum",
"57300911947a6a140053cfb6": "5th century",
"57300911947a6a140053cfb7": "kingdoms of Francia",
"57300911947a6a140053cfb8": "dragons rock",
"57300911947a6a140053cfb9": "Siegfried",
"57300911947a6a140053cfba": "Hagen",
"573009a004bcaa1900d7704f": "6th century",
"573009a004bcaa1900d77050": "10th century",
"573009a004bcaa1900d77051": "Lower Lorraine",
"573009a004bcaa1900d77052": "Sigismund of Austria",
"573009a004bcaa1900d77053": "1469",
"57300a25a23a5019007fcc97": "Peace of Westphalia",
"57300a25a23a5019007fcc98": "Establishing \"natural borders",
"57300a25a23a5019007fcc99": "Napoleon",
"57300a25a23a5019007fcc9a": "1806",
"57300a25a23a5019007fcc9b": "1840",
"57300a9a04bcaa1900d77063": "At the end of World War I",
"57300a9a04bcaa1900d77064": "1930",
"57300a9a04bcaa1900d77065": "German army",
"57300a9a04bcaa1900d77066": "resentment in Germany and is often cited as helping Adolf Hitler's rise to power",
"57300a9a04bcaa1900d77067": "1936",
"57300bf504bcaa1900d77087": "Arnhem",
"57300bf504bcaa1900d77088": "Germany",
"57300bf504bcaa1900d77089": "September 1944",
"57300bf504bcaa1900d7708a": "Ludendorff Bridge",
"57300bf504bcaa1900d7708b": "a film, The Bridge at Remage",
"57300c67947a6a140053cff0": "1,230 kilometres (764 miles)",
"57300c67947a6a140053cff1": "the German encyclopedia Knaurs Lexikon",
"57300c67947a6a140053cff2": "1,230 kilometres (764 miles)",
"57300c67947a6a140053cff3": "typographical error",
"57300c68947a6a140053cff4": "2010",
"572fac17947a6a140053cb54": "1998",
"572fac17947a6a140053cb55": "Scotland Act 1998",
"572fac17947a6a140053cb56": "the areas in which it can make laws",
"572fac17947a6a140053cb57": "Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"572fac17947a6a140053cb58": "Westminster",
"572facb0a23a5019007fc863": "lack of a Parliament of Scotland",
"572facb0a23a5019007fc864": "three",
"572facb0a23a5019007fc865": "outbreak of the First World War",
"572facb0a23a5019007fc866": "late 1960s",
"572facb0a23a5019007fc867": "a directly elected Scottish Assembly to legislate for the majority of domestic Scottish affairs",
"572fad30a23a5019007fc86d": "North Sea",
"572fad30a23a5019007fc86e": "It's Scotland's oil\" campaign of the Scottish National Party (SNP) resulted in rising support for Scottish independence",
"572fad30a23a5019007fc86f": "not benefitting Scotland as much as they should",
"572fad30a23a5019007fc870": "1974",
"572fad30a23a5019007fc871": "1978",
"572fadcbb2c2fd1400568329": "Edinburgh",
"572fadcbb2c2fd140056832a": "40%",
"572fadcbb2c2fd140056832b": "Scottish devolution referendum",
"572fadcbb2c2fd140056832c": "51.6%",
"572fadcbb2c2fd140056832d": "32.9%",
"572fae4b04bcaa1900d76bdf": "a Scottish Parliament",
"572fae4b04bcaa1900d76be0": "Conservative Party",
"572fae4b04bcaa1900d76be1": "1989",
"572fae4b04bcaa1900d76be2": "the Convention",
"572faec7b2c2fd1400568333": "Holyrood area of Edinburgh",
"572faec7b2c2fd1400568334": "Enric Miralles",
"572faec7b2c2fd1400568335": "Spanish",
"572faec7b2c2fd1400568336": "leaf-shaped",
"572faec7b2c2fd1400568337": "Elizabeth II",
"572faf74b2c2fd1400568347": "Holyrood",
"572faf74b2c2fd1400568348": "the courtyard adjoining the Assembly Hall",
"572faf74b2c2fd1400568349": "meeting of the Church's General Assembly",
"572faf74b2c2fd140056834a": "Strathclyde Regional Council debating chamber in Glasgow",
"572faf74b2c2fd140056834b": "University of Aberdeen",
"572fb059947a6a140053cb80": "City of Edinburgh Council",
"572fb059947a6a140053cb81": "George IV Bridge",
"572fb059947a6a140053cb82": "demolished",
"572fb059947a6a140053cb83": "Parliament Square",
"572fb059947a6a140053cb84": "the main hall",
"572fb42904bcaa1900d76c15": "one MSP",
"572fb42904bcaa1900d76c16": "Tricia Marwick",
"572fb42904bcaa1900d76c17": "secret",
"572fb42904bcaa1900d76c18": "two",
"572fb42904bcaa1900d76c19": "clerk sits in front of the Presiding Officer",
"572fbb04a23a5019007fc8f7": "the Presiding Officer",
"572fbb04a23a5019007fc8f8": "the Parliamentary Bureau",
"572fbb04a23a5019007fc8f9": "five or more",
"572fbb04a23a5019007fc8fa": "Officer",
"572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5b": "a hemicycle",
"572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5c": "hemicycle",
"572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5d": "131",
"572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5e": "2",
"572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5f": "MSPs, cannot vote",
"572fbf21a23a5019007fc937": "silver",
"572fbf21a23a5019007fc938": "Scottish rivers",
"572fbf21a23a5019007fc939": "Wisdom, Compassion, Justice and Integrity",
"572fbf21a23a5019007fc93a": "the Queen",
"572fbf21a23a5019007fc93b": "a glass",
"572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c73": "April and October",
"572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c74": "debating chamber",
"572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c75": "the public",
"572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c76": "free",
"572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c77": "online, in the Official Report, which is the substantially verbatim transcript",
"572fc043a23a5019007fc95d": "Wednesdays is usually Time for Reflection, at which a speaker addresses members for up to four minutes",
"572fc043a23a5019007fc95e": "four minutes",
"572fc043a23a5019007fc95f": "religious beliefs",
"572fc043a23a5019007fc960": "Presiding Officer on the advice of the parliamentary bureau",
"572fc043a23a5019007fc961": "direct representations",
"572fc41f947a6a140053cc80": "Presiding Officer",
"572fc41f947a6a140053cc81": "speaks in chamber debates",
"572fc41f947a6a140053cc82": "different viewpoints and political parties",
"572fc41f947a6a140053cc83": "ministers or party leaders",
"572fc41f947a6a140053cc84": "Gaelic",
"572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccb": "5 pm",
"572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccc": "Decision Time",
"572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccd": "vote",
"572fc49d04bcaa1900d76cce": "allows them to vote. As a result, the outcome of each division is known in seconds",
"572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccf": "when inserted into the console, identifies them and allows them to vote. As a result, the outcome of each division is known in seconds",
"572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8a": "outcome of most votes",
"572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8b": "political parties",
"572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8c": "MSPs, known as whips",
"572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8d": "ensuring that party members vote according to the party line. MSPs do not tend to vote against such instructions",
"572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8e": "moral",
"572fc659b2c2fd1400568447": "45 minutes",
"572fc659b2c2fd1400568448": "45 minutes",
"572fc659b2c2fd1400568449": "issues which may be of interest to a particular area such as a member's own constituency, an upcoming or past event or any other item",
"572fc659b2c2fd140056844a": "other members normally contribute to the debate",
"572fc659b2c2fd140056844b": "department the debate and motion relate to \"winds up\" the debate",
"572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf5": "committee",
"572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf6": "stronger",
"572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf7": "there is no revising chamber",
"572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf8": "conduct inquiries and scrutinise legislation",
"572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf9": "other locations throughout Scotland",
"572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d07": "MSPs",
"572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d08": "balance of parties across Parliament",
"572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d09": "their functions",
"572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d0a": "Mandatory Committees",
"572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d0b": "fourth",
"572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d11": "at the beginning of each parliamentary session",
"572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d12": "one",
"572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d13": "Subject Committees",
"572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d14": "Economy, Energy and Tourism",
"572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d1f": "A further type of committee",
"572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d20": "large-scale development projects",
"572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d21": "Private bills normally relate to large-scale development projects such as infrastructure projects",
"572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d22": "Private Bill Committees",
"572fca7eb2c2fd1400568473": "The Scotland Act 1998",
"572fca7eb2c2fd1400568474": "Queen Elizabeth II",
"572fca7eb2c2fd1400568475": "the devolved competencies",
"572fca7eb2c2fd1400568476": "Parliament of the United Kingdom at Westminster",
"572fca7eb2c2fd1400568477": "Westminster. The Scottish Parliament has the power to pass laws and has limited tax-varying capability. Another of the roles of the Parliament",
"572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f1": "Scottish Parliament",
"572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f2": "Scottish Parliament",
"572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f3": "Scots law \u2013 courts, police and fire services, local government, sport and the arts, transport, training, tourism, research and statistics and social work",
"572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f4": "3",
"572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f5": "fiscal devolution including borrowing powers and some other unconnected matters such as setting speed limits and control of air guns",
"572fcc43b2c2fd140056847d": "Reserved matters",
"572fcc43b2c2fd140056847e": "UK Government ministers",
"572fcc43b2c2fd140056847f": "Scottish Parliament is unable to legislate on such issues that are reserved to, and dealt with at, Westminster",
"572fcc43b2c2fd1400568480": "Europe",
"572fcd86947a6a140053ccda": "Bills",
"572fcd86947a6a140053ccdb": "Scottish Government",
"572fcd86947a6a140053ccdc": "new laws or amendments to existing laws",
"572fcd86947a6a140053ccdd": "an outside proposer",
"572fcd86947a6a140053ccde": "in a number of stages",
"572fce12a23a5019007fca11": "introductory",
"572fce13a23a5019007fca12": "Statements from the Presiding Officer and the member in charge of the bill are also lodged indicating whether the bill is within the legislative competence",
"572fce13a23a5019007fca13": "whether the bill is within the legislative competence of the Parliament",
"572fce13a23a5019007fca14": "in the relevant committee or committees",
"572fce13a23a5019007fca15": "Stage",
"572fd1c4947a6a140053cd02": "Stage 3",
"572fd1c4947a6a140053cd03": "two",
"572fd1c4947a6a140053cd04": "final",
"572fd1c4947a6a140053cd05": "wrecking amendments",
"572fd1c4947a6a140053cd06": "After a general debate on the final form of the bill, members proceed to vote at Decision Time",
"572fd264b2c2fd14005684a9": "Monarch for royal assent",
"572fd264b2c2fd14005684aa": "Royal assent: After the bill has been passed, the Presiding Officer submits it to the Monarch for royal assent",
"572fd264b2c2fd14005684ab": "4-week",
"572fd264b2c2fd14005684ac": "the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom",
"572fd264b2c2fd14005684ad": "The Bill for this Act",
"572fd47fa23a5019007fca55": "Scottish Government",
"572fd47fa23a5019007fca56": "First Minister",
"572fd47fa23a5019007fca57": "Any member",
"572fd47fa23a5019007fca58": "Solicitor",
"572fd47fa23a5019007fca59": "MSPs",
"572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76d9f": "28 days",
"572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da0": "Thursday in May, a multiple of four years after 1999 (i.e., 5 May 2011, 7 May 2015",
"572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da1": "the Monarch",
"572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da2": "28 days",
"572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da3": "dissolved by the Queen by royal proclamation",
"572fd73e947a6a140053cd32": "Several procedures",
"572fd73e947a6a140053cd33": "MSPs",
"572fd73e947a6a140053cd34": "a statement to the chamber setting out the Government's legislative programme",
"572fd73e947a6a140053cd35": "issues related to the substance of the statement",
"572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3a": "Parliamentary time",
"572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3b": "Thursday",
"572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3c": "any member of the Scottish Government",
"572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3d": "an opportunity to question the First Minister directly on issues",
"572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3e": "four",
"572fd8efb2c2fd14005684f9": "129 MSPs, 73",
"572fd8efb2c2fd14005684fa": "one",
"572fd8efb2c2fd14005684fb": "2005",
"572fd8efb2c2fd14005684fc": "55,000",
"572fd8efb2c2fd14005684fd": "low population density. The island archipelagos of Orkney, Shetland and the Western Isles comprise a much smaller number of electors, due to their dispersed population",
"572fda6fb2c2fd140056850b": "proportionally to the number of votes received in the second vote of the ballot",
"572fda6fb2c2fd140056850c": "d'Hondt method",
"572fda6fb2c2fd140056850d": "quotient",
"572fda6fb2c2fd140056850e": "all available list",
"572fda6fb2c2fd140056850f": "eratively until all available list",
"572fdb17b2c2fd140056851d": "a number of qualifications",
"572fdb17b2c2fd140056851e": "1981",
"572fdb17b2c2fd140056851f": "over the age of 18",
"572fdb17b2c2fd1400568520": "police and the armed forces",
"572fdb17b2c2fd1400568521": "the terms of the Mental Health (Care and Treatment) (Scotland) Act",
"572fdbb004bcaa1900d76dd9": "a parliamentary majority",
"572fdbb004bcaa1900d76dda": "Labour",
"572fdbb004bcaa1900d76ddb": "151 votes",
"572fdbb004bcaa1900d76ddc": "eight",
"572fdbb004bcaa1900d76ddd": "Scottish independence",
"572fdc34a23a5019007fca93": "David McLetchie",
"572fdc34a23a5019007fca94": "Edinburgh Pentlands",
"572fdc34a23a5019007fca95": "five seats",
"572fdc34a23a5019007fca96": "Annabel Goldie",
"572fdc34a23a5019007fca97": "Cameron",
"572fdd03a23a5019007fca9d": "procedural",
"572fdd03a23a5019007fca9e": "English, Scottish, Welsh and Northern Irish Westminster MPs are unable to vote on the domestic legislation of the Scottish Parliament",
"572fdd03a23a5019007fca9f": "West Lothian question",
"572fdd03a23a5019007fcaa0": "Conservative",
"572fdd03a23a5019007fcaa1": "England",
"572ff626947a6a140053ce8e": "Islamism",
"572ff626947a6a140053ce8f": "Islamic values",
"572ff626947a6a140053ce90": "reordering",
"572ff626947a6a140053ce91": "poles",
"572ff626947a6a140053ce92": "state power seized by revolution",
"572ff760b2c2fd1400568677": "democratic",
"572ff760b2c2fd1400568678": "Palestine",
"572ff760b2c2fd1400568679": "participate in democratic and political process as well as armed attacks",
"572ff760b2c2fd140056867a": "democracy",
"572ff760b2c2fd140056867b": "violent/offensive jihad or urging and conducting attacks",
"572ff86004bcaa1900d76f65": "guardians of the tradition",
"572ff86004bcaa1900d76f66": "Sunni pan-Islamism",
"572ff86004bcaa1900d76f67": "sharia",
"572ff86004bcaa1900d76f68": "Shia",
"572ff86004bcaa1900d76f69": "may not be democratic, Islamists need democratic elections to maintain their legitimacy. At the same time, their popularity",
"572ff932a23a5019007fcbd5": "political",
"572ff932a23a5019007fcbd6": "Islam",
"572ff932a23a5019007fcbd7": "supporters believe their views merely reflect Islam, while the contrary idea that Islam is, or can be, apolitical is an error",
"572ff932a23a5019007fcbd8": "illiberal Islamic regimes",
"572ff932a23a5019007fcbd9": "politics",
"572ffabf04bcaa1900d76f9f": "Islamism",
"572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa0": "Americans",
"572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa1": "a historical fluke of the \"short-lived era of the heyday of secular Arab nationalism",
"572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa2": "1945",
"572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa3": "non-political Islam, not Islamism",
"572ffbaa947a6a140053cee6": "1970s",
"572ffbaa947a6a140053cee7": "dangerous enemies",
"572ffbaa947a6a140053cee8": "bulwarks",
"572ffbaa947a6a140053cee9": "mujahideen Muslim Afghanistan enemies",
"572ffbaab2c2fd14005686cd": "weapons",
"572ffc99947a6a140053cef6": "Anwar Sadat",
"572ffc99947a6a140053cef7": "peace",
"572ffc99947a6a140053cef8": "peace with Israel",
"572ffc99947a6a140053cef9": "1975",
"572ffc99947a6a140053cefa": "peace with Israel \u2013 released Islamists from prison",
"572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fc7": "strict, conservative Saudi-based Wahhabism",
"572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fc8": "\"always oppose\" infidels",
"572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fc9": "all the horrible wars",
"572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fca": "Wahhabism or Salafism",
"572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fcb": "Saudi-interpretation of Islam as the \"gold standard\" of religion in minds",
"572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686ef": "Islamist",
"572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f0": "housing",
"572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f1": "to avoid prohibitively costly dowry demands, legal assistance, sports facilities, and women's groups",
"572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f2": "incompetent",
"572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f3": "rhetoric",
"572ffee1947a6a140053cf14": "law and philosophy",
"572ffee1947a6a140053cf15": "All India Muslim League",
"572ffee1947a6a140053cf16": "1908",
"572ffee1947a6a140053cf17": "Muhammad Ali Johar and Muhammad Ali Jinnah. He was a critic of the mainstream Indian nationalist and secularist Indian National Congress",
"572ffee1947a6a140053cf18": "Oxford University press",
"572fffb1b2c2fd14005686f9": "secularism and secular nationalism",
"572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fa": "crowd out Muslim heritage, culture and political influence",
"572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fb": "co-operation and unity, calling for the shedding of nationalist differences",
"572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fc": "1930",
"572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fd": "the Pakistan movement",
"5730005db2c2fd1400568703": "Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi",
"5730005db2c2fd1400568704": "journalism",
"5730005db2c2fd1400568705": "1941",
"57300137b2c2fd1400568717": "Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi",
"57300137b2c2fd1400568718": "journalism",
"57300137b2c2fd140056871a": "political organising",
"57300137b2c2fd140056871b": "al-Faru",
"57300200b2c2fd1400568729": "Sharia",
"57300200b2c2fd140056872a": "an Islamic state",
"57300200b2c2fd140056872b": "unity of God",
"57300200b2c2fd140056872c": "Iranian Revolution",
"57300200b2c2fd140056872d": "an educational process or da'wah",
"5730035e04bcaa1900d77001": "1928",
"5730035e04bcaa1900d77002": "Ismailiyah",
"5730035e04bcaa1900d77003": "Maududi",
"5730035e04bcaa1900d77004": "Qur'an",
"5730035e04bcaa1900d77005": "imperialist",
"5730040f947a6a140053cf4c": "violence",
"5730040f947a6a140053cf4d": "1949",
"5730040f947a6a140053cf4e": "Mahmud Fami Naqrashi",
"5730040f947a6a140053cf4f": "1948",
"5730040f947a6a140053cf50": "Gamal Abdul Nasser",
"573004bf947a6a140053cf56": "repression",
"573004bf947a6a140053cf57": "semi-legal",
"573004bf947a6a140053cf58": "field candidates",
"573004bf947a6a140053cf59": "75%",
"573004bf947a6a140053cf5a": "Mohamed Morsi",
"573005b9947a6a140053cf6a": "quick and decisive",
"573005b9947a6a140053cf6b": "economic stagnation",
"573005b9947a6a140053cf6c": "economic stagnation in the defeated countries, was blamed on the secular Arab nationalism of the ruling regimes",
"573005b9947a6a140053cf6d": "decline",
"573005b9947a6a140053cf6e": "Arab socialism, and Arab nationalism suffered, and different democratic and anti-democratic Islamist movements",
"5730088e947a6a140053cfac": "Ali Shariati",
"5730088e947a6a140053cfad": "ideological",
"5730088e947a6a140053cfae": "Sunni Islamic thinkers",
"5730088e947a6a140053cfaf": "Ali for restoration of Sharia law",
"5730088e947a6a140053cfb0": "conspiracy",
"57300e2604bcaa1900d770b7": "The Islamic Republic",
"57300e2604bcaa1900d770b8": "economic sanctions",
"57300e2604bcaa1900d770b9": "Shia terrorist",
"57300e2604bcaa1900d770ba": "2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict",
"57300e2604bcaa1900d770bb": "Mahmoud Ahmadinejad",
"57300ec0947a6a140053d004": "the Soviet Union",
"57300ec0947a6a140053d005": "Islamic rebellion",
"57300ec0947a6a140053d006": "send aid",
"57300ec0947a6a140053d007": "marginal",
"57300ec0947a6a140053d008": "16,000 to 35,000",
"57300f8504bcaa1900d770d1": "radicalize the Islamist movement",
"57300f8504bcaa1900d770d2": "Saddam Hussein",
"57300f8504bcaa1900d770d3": "Islamist",
"57300f8504bcaa1900d770d4": "Saudi monarchy",
"57300f8504bcaa1900d770d5": "west",
"573010fab2c2fd14005687d7": "conservative Muslims",
"573010fab2c2fd14005687d8": "the kingdom",
"573010fab2c2fd14005687d9": "those domestic Islamists who attacked it",
"573010fab2c2fd14005687da": "Egypt, a bloody civil war in Algeria",
"573010fab2c2fd14005687db": "conservative Muslims",
"573011de04bcaa1900d770f9": "Qutb",
"573011de04bcaa1900d770fa": "1966",
"573011de04bcaa1900d770fb": "leadership of the Brotherhood",
"573011de04bcaa1900d770fc": "Fringe or splinter movements",
"573011de04bcaa1900d770fd": "1970s",
"5730126ba23a5019007fcd09": "Egyptian Islamic Jihad organization responsible for the assassination of Anwar Sadat",
"5730126ba23a5019007fcd0a": "1981",
"5730126ba23a5019007fcd0b": "leaders of Muslim states",
"5730126ba23a5019007fcd0c": "apostate",
"5730126ba23a5019007fcd0d": "Muhammad Abd al-Salaam Farag",
"5730131c947a6a140053d052": "violence in their struggle for Islamic order was al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya (Islamic Group",
"5730131c947a6a140053d053": "counter-terrorism police",
"5730131c947a6a140053d054": "unsuccessful",
"5730131c947a6a140053d055": "2003",
"5730131c947a6a140053d056": "wal-Hijra, and these groups have variously been involved in activities such as attempted assassinations",
"5730208fa23a5019007fcded": "quiescent",
"5730208fa23a5019007fcdee": "HAMAS",
"5730208fa23a5019007fcdef": "destruction",
"5730208fa23a5019007fcdf0": "Israel",
"5730208fa23a5019007fcdf1": "alcohol",
"573020f7b2c2fd14005688f7": "Hamas",
"573020f7b2c2fd14005688f8": "542",
"573020f7b2c2fd14005688f9": "it won the majority of the seats",
"573020f7b2c2fd14005688fa": "January 2006 legislative election\u2014its first foray into the political process\u2014it won the majority of the seats, and in 2007",
"573020f7b2c2fd14005688fb": "driving Israel out of the Gaza Strip",
"57302700a23a5019007fce89": "Islamist",
"57302700a23a5019007fce8a": "Hassan al-Turabi",
"57302700a23a5019007fce8b": "National Islamic Front",
"57302700a23a5019007fce8c": "money from foreign Islamist banking systems",
"57302700a23a5019007fce8d": "university and military academy",
"573027d6a23a5019007fce9d": "1985",
"573027d6a23a5019007fce9e": "post-al-Nimeiry government",
"573027d6a23a5019007fce9f": "a liberal government",
"573027d6a23a5019007fcea0": "Osama bin Laden",
"573027d6a23a5019007fcea1": "the 1991 Gulf War",
"5730285a04bcaa1900d7726d": "Front Islamique de Salut",
"5730285a04bcaa1900d7726e": "Algeria",
"5730285a04bcaa1900d7726f": "1989",
"5730285a04bcaa1900d77270": "segregation",
"5730285a04bcaa1900d77271": "a military coup d'\u00e9tat",
"573028fa04bcaa1900d77287": "justice and prosperity",
"573028fa04bcaa1900d77288": "vicious and destructive",
"573028fa04bcaa1900d77289": "vicious and destructive civil war between political and tribal warlords",
"573028fa04bcaa1900d7728a": "1992",
"573028fa04bcaa1900d7728b": "80%",
"57302a3aa23a5019007fcecf": "The Taliban",
"57302a3aa23a5019007fced0": "Pakistan",
"57302a3aa23a5019007fced1": "Islamic fundamentalist or neofundamentalist",
"57302a3aa23a5019007fced2": "spreading \"an idealized and systematized version of conservative tribal village customs",
"57302a3aa23a5019007fced3": "Wahhabism, and the extremist jihadism of their guest Osama bin Laden",
"57302ad804bcaa1900d772af": "July 1977",
"57302ad804bcaa1900d772b0": "alcohol and nightclubs",
"57302ad804bcaa1900d772b1": "Islamism",
"57302ad804bcaa1900d772b2": "Persian",
"57302ad804bcaa1900d772b3": "1988",
"57302bd0b2c2fd14005689db": "Iraq and the Levant\" and before that as the \"Islamic State of Iraq",
"57302bd0b2c2fd14005689dc": "Sunni Arabs",
"57302bd0b2c2fd14005689dd": "a caliphate",
"57302bd0b2c2fd14005689de": "ten million",
"57302bd0b2c2fd14005689df": "self-described state, it lacks international recognition",
"57302cd004bcaa1900d772d7": "2004",
"57302cd004bcaa1900d772d8": "March 2003",
"57302cd004bcaa1900d772d9": "March 2011",
"57302cd004bcaa1900d772da": "failure to consult and \"notorious intransigence\"). The group gained prominence after it drove Iraqi government forces",
"57302cd004bcaa1900d772db": "Syria",
"57302e45947a6a140053d22e": "the Caliphate",
"57302e45947a6a140053d22f": "7th century",
"57302e45947a6a140053d230": "1924",
"57302e45947a6a140053d231": "Islamic",
"57302e45947a6a140053d232": "the disbelieving",
"57302efe04bcaa1900d772f5": "armed jihad or work for a democratic system",
"57302efe04bcaa1900d772f6": "ideological struggle",
"57302efe04bcaa1900d772f7": "Muslim public opinion, and in particular through elites",
"57302efe04bcaa1900d772f8": "Egypt",
"57302efe04bcaa1900d772f9": "terrorist groups",
"57302faa04bcaa1900d77311": "900,000",
"57302faa04bcaa1900d77312": "Islamist",
"57302faa04bcaa1900d77313": "2007",
"57302faa04bcaa1900d77314": "free rein",
"57302faa04bcaa1900d77315": "incitement",
"57303048947a6a140053d254": "since 2001",
"57303048947a6a140053d255": "State Department",
"57303048947a6a140053d256": "Robert Gates",
"57303048947a6a140053d257": "Secretary",
"57303048947a6a140053d258": "communist ideology",
"573060b48ab72b1400f9c4c6": "Latin word \"imperium",
"573060b48ab72b1400f9c4c7": "a policy of extending a country's power and influence through colonization, use of military force",
"573060b48ab72b1400f9c4c9": "Japanese",
"573060b48ab72b1400f9c4ca": "technologies and ideas",
"573062662461fd1900a9cdf7": "diplomacy or military force",
"573062662461fd1900a9cdf8": "physical control",
"573062662461fd1900a9cdfa": "\"othering\" (see other) based on racial, religious, or cultural stereotypes",
"573062662461fd1900a9cdfb": "powerful form of dominance",
"57306797396df919000960ee": "enforcing land officials into large debts",
"57306797396df919000960ef": "informal\" imperialism, the first meaning physical control",
"57306797396df919000960f0": "aggressiveness",
"57306797396df919000960f1": "over territories",
"57306797396df919000960f2": "technological superiority, enforcing land officials into large debts",
"573081c2069b531400832133": "conquered and expanded",
"573081c2069b531400832134": "Geopolitics now focuses on states becoming major economic players in the market; some states today are viewed as empires",
"573081c2069b531400832135": "Lenin",
"573081c2069b531400832136": "sovereignty",
"573081c2069b531400832137": "Geopolitics now focuses on states becoming major economic players in the market",
"573083dc2461fd1900a9ce6d": "colonialism",
"573083dc2461fd1900a9ce6e": "one's superiority, domination and influence upon a person or group of people",
"573083dc2461fd1900a9ce6f": "ideological",
"573083dc2461fd1900a9ce70": "Ottoman",
"573083dc2461fd1900a9ce71": "influence upon a person or group of people",
"573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54c": "Imperialism and colonialism",
"573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54d": "exploitation",
"573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54e": "conquest cooperating with colonialism",
"573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54f": "exploitation of the valuable assets and supplies of the nation that was conquered and the conquering nation then gaining the benefits from the spoils of the war",
"573085ea8ab72b1400f9c550": "imperialism is to create an empire, by conquering the other state's lands and therefore increasing its own dominance. Colonialism",
"5730876a396df9190009617a": "defense and justification of empire-building based on seemingly rational grounds",
"5730876a396df9190009617b": "highest 'social efficiency",
"5730876a396df9190009617c": "imperialism",
"5730876a396df9190009617d": "Darwin",
"5730876a396df9190009617e": "whiteness\" is still prized today and various forms of blanqueamiento (white",
"573088da069b53140083216b": "Germany",
"573088da069b53140083216c": "Britain",
"573088da069b53140083216d": "Political geographers such as Friedrich Ratzel of Germany",
"573088da069b53140083216e": "Germany and Halford Mackinder of Britain",
"573088da069b53140083216f": "fund travelers who would come back with tales of their discoveries",
"57308cf88ab72b1400f9c576": "environmental determinism",
"57308cf88ab72b1400f9c577": "temperate zone",
"57308cf88ab72b1400f9c578": "Orientalism",
"57308cf88ab72b1400f9c579": "environmental determinism",
"57308cf88ab72b1400f9c57a": "superior and the norm",
"57308ddc396df919000961a4": "British Empire",
"57308ddc396df919000961a5": "Terra nullius",
"57308ddc396df919000961a6": "Aboriginal",
"57308ddc396df919000961a7": "eighteenth century",
"57308ddc396df919000961a8": "empty land",
"57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c580": "imaginative geography",
"57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c581": "Orientalism",
"57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c582": "here\" in the West and \"there\"",
"57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c583": "Orientalism",
"57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c584": "negative",
"5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58a": "the role of nineteenth-century maps",
"5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58b": "\"information to fill in blank spaces on contemporary maps",
"5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58c": "unknown or unexplored territory",
"5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58d": "role of nineteenth-century maps",
"5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58e": "French",
"573092088ab72b1400f9c594": "Genghis Khan",
"573092088ab72b1400f9c595": "pre-Columbian",
"573092088ab72b1400f9c596": "Americas",
"573092088ab72b1400f9c597": "dozens",
"573092088ab72b1400f9c598": "Egypt",
"573093598ab72b1400f9c5ae": "Cultural imperialism is when a country's influence is felt in social and cultural circles, i.e. its soft power",
"573093598ab72b1400f9c5af": "when a country's influence is felt in social and cultural circles",
"573093598ab72b1400f9c5b0": "soap opera Dallas",
"573093598ab72b1400f9c5b1": "Roman",
"573093598ab72b1400f9c5b2": "authoritarian regimes",
"57309446396df919000961b8": "around 1700",
"57309446396df919000961b9": "Imperialism",
"57309446396df919000961ba": "thousands",
"57309446396df919000961bb": "around 1700",
"57309446396df919000961bc": "Open Door Policy",
"57309564069b5314008321a5": "1919\u20131980",
"57309564069b5314008321a6": "1920\u20131999",
"57309564069b5314008321a7": "historians",
"57309564069b5314008321a8": "economy",
"57309564069b5314008321a9": "John Gallagher",
"573098f38ab72b1400f9c5d2": "economic growth",
"573098f38ab72b1400f9c5d3": "colonies",
"573098f38ab72b1400f9c5d4": "mid-18th century",
"573098f38ab72b1400f9c5d5": "Mughal state",
"573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5dc": "communication",
"573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5dd": "deadly explosives",
"573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5de": "machine gun",
"573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5df": "leather shields",
"573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5e0": "European chemists",
"57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e6": "British experience",
"57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e7": "late 1870s",
"57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e8": "philanthropy",
"57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e9": "unease",
"57309ef18ab72b1400f9c600": "aristocracy",
"57309ef18ab72b1400f9c601": "1872\u20131967",
"57309ef18ab72b1400f9c602": "1950s",
"57309ef18ab72b1400f9c603": "social reforms",
"57309ef18ab72b1400f9c604": "removing its economic foundation",
"5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60a": "The concept environmental determinism",
"5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60b": "environment in which they lived and thus validated their domination",
"5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60c": "less civilized",
"5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60d": "Africa",
"5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60e": "tropicality",
"5730a314069b5314008321eb": "geographic scholars under colonizing empires",
"5730a314069b5314008321ec": "Mid-Atlantic",
"5730a314069b5314008321ed": "guidance and intervention from the European empire to aid in the governing of a more evolved social structure",
"5730a314069b5314008321ee": "orientalism",
"5730a314069b5314008321ef": "colonizing empires",
"5730a40f396df91900096234": "sixteenth century",
"5730a40f396df91900096235": "1599",
"5730a40f396df91900096236": "Queen Elizabeth",
"5730a40f396df91900096237": "political activity",
"5730a40f396df91900096238": "Portuguese",
"5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf29": "1830",
"5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2a": "1850",
"5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2b": "North and West Africa",
"5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2c": "1850",
"5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2d": "Catholicism",
"5730a951069b531400832213": "civilize the inferior",
"5730a951069b531400832214": "Full citizenship rights",
"5730a951069b531400832215": "small numbers of settlers",
"5730a951069b531400832216": "Christianity and French culture",
"5730a951069b531400832217": "Algeria",
"5730aa52069b53140083221d": "overseas colonies as bases from which they fought to liberate France",
"5730aa52069b53140083221e": "anti-colonial movements",
"5730aa52069b53140083221f": "Vietnam",
"5730aa52069b531400832220": "Algeria",
"5730aa52069b531400832221": "1960",
"5730ab63396df91900096260": "Scandinavia and northern Europe",
"5730ab63396df91900096261": "middle period of classical antiquity",
"5730ab63396df91900096262": "1000 CE",
"5730ab63396df91900096263": "southern Europe (west of and including Italy",
"5730ab63396df91900096264": "amorphous area",
"5730ac782461fd1900a9cf73": "late 19th century",
"5730ac782461fd1900a9cf74": "1862",
"5730ac782461fd1900a9cf75": "1862",
"5730ac782461fd1900a9cf76": "diplomatic disputes",
"5730ac782461fd1900a9cf77": "Napoleon",
"5730aef38ab72b1400f9c682": "South Pacific",
"5730aef38ab72b1400f9c683": "German prestige. He was influenced by Hamburg merchants and traders",
"5730aef38ab72b1400f9c684": "New Guinea",
"5730aef38ab72b1400f9c685": "1883\u201384",
"5730aef38ab72b1400f9c686": "Hamburg merchants and traders",
"5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa3": "1894",
"5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa4": "Sakhalin Island from Russia",
"5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa5": "Manchuria",
"5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa6": "Indonesia",
"5730b255396df919000962b0": "the People\u2019s Republic of China supported post\u2013World War II communist movements in foreign nations",
"5730b255396df919000962b1": "1923",
"5730b255396df919000962b2": "Lenin",
"5730b255396df919000962b3": "Eastern Europe",
"5730b255396df919000962b4": "Bolshevik leaders",
"5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc5": "only succeed in Russia as part of a world revolution",
"5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc6": "Trotsky, and others, believed that the revolution could only succeed in Russia as part of a world revolution. Lenin",
"5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc7": "socialism",
"5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc8": "Nikita Khrushchev",
"5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc9": "Nikita Khrushchev",
"5730b541396df919000962c2": "mercantilism",
"5730b541396df919000962c3": "1776",
"5730b541396df919000962c4": "1820",
"5730b541396df919000962c5": "free trade",
"5730b541396df919000962c6": "1815",
"5730b6592461fd1900a9cfcf": "British Empire",
"5730b6592461fd1900a9cfd0": "pseudo-sciences",
"5730b6592461fd1900a9cfd1": "Middle East",
"5730b6592461fd1900a9cfd2": "spokesmen",
"5730b7ce069b5314008322c3": "opposition to Imperialism",
"5730b7ce069b5314008322c4": "the Monroe Doctrine. However, beginning in the late 19th and early 20th century, policies such as Theodore Roosevelt\u2019s interventionism",
"5730b7ce069b5314008322c5": "Philippines",
"5730b7ce069b5314008322c6": "labor and government leaders in the US to condemn America's occupation in the Philippines as they also denounced them for causing the deaths",
"5730b7ce069b5314008322c7": "deaths",
"5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c704": "Bowman",
"5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c705": "1917",
"5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c706": "President Wilson",
"5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c707": "allow for U.S authorship of a 'new world' which was to be characterized by geographical order",
"5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c708": "Wilson",
"5730bb522461fd1900a9d011": "internal strife",
"5730bb522461fd1900a9d012": "indigenous peoples",
"5730bb522461fd1900a9d013": "12 to 15 million",
"5730bb522461fd1900a9d015": "women",
"5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73c": "1299 to 1923",
"5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73d": "Suleiman the Magnificent",
"5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73e": "32",
"5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73f": "Southeast Europe, Western Asia, the Caucasus, North Africa, and the Horn of Africa",
"5730bc308ab72b1400f9c740": "16th and 17th centuries",
"5730bd00069b5314008322d7": "Istanbul",
"5730bd00069b5314008322d9": "Germany",
"5730bd00069b5314008322da": "Istanbul",
"5730bd00069b5314008322db": "World War I",
"5732b6b5328d981900602021": "Warsaw",
"5732b6b5328d981900602022": "Vistula River",
"5732b6b5328d981900602023": "260 kilometres",
"5732b6b5328d981900602024": "2.666 million",
"5732b6b5328d981900602025": "9th",
"573312fcd058e614000b56e6": "the Economist Intelligence Unit",
"573312fcd058e614000b56e7": "2012",
"573312fcd058e614000b56e8": "FMCG manufacturing, metal processing, steel and electronic manufacturing and food processing",
"573312fcd058e614000b56e9": "the Polish media",
"573312fcd058e614000b56ea": "chic cultural capital with thriving art and club",
"5733140a4776f419006606e0": "1313",
"5733140a4776f419006606e1": "Krak\u00f3w",
"5733140a4776f419006606e2": "1313",
"5733140a4776f419006606e3": "King Sigismund III Vasa",
"5733140a4776f419006606e4": "heroism",
"573314e3d058e614000b56f0": "Roman Catholic archdiocese",
"573314e3d058e614000b56f1": "Polish Academy of Sciences",
"573314e3d058e614000b56f2": "UNESCO World Heritage Site",
"573314e3d058e614000b56f3": "richness",
"573314e3d058e614000b56f4": "the city is filled with luxurious parks and royal gardens",
"57332442d058e614000b5720": "Warszawa",
"57332442d058e614000b5721": "belonging to Warsz",
"57332442d058e614000b5722": "Mariens",
"57332442d058e614000b5723": "Slavic origin Warcis\u0142aw",
"57332442d058e614000b5724": "sto",
"57332562d058e614000b5730": "Jazd\u00f3w",
"57332562d058e614000b5731": "Prince of P\u0142ock",
"57332562d058e614000b5732": "1300",
"57332562d058e614000b5733": "1413",
"57332562d058e614000b5734": "1526",
"5733266d4776f41900660712": "General Sejm",
"5733266d4776f41900660713": "1569",
"5733266d4776f41900660714": "religious freedom in the Polish\u2013Lithuanian Commonwealth",
"5733266d4776f41900660715": "its central location between the Commonwealth's capitals of Krak\u00f3w and Vilnius, Warsaw became the capital of the Commonwealth and the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland",
"5733266d4776f41900660716": "1596",
"57332a734776f41900660726": "1796",
"57332a734776f41900660727": "Kingdom of Prussia",
"57332a734776f41900660728": "Napoleon's army",
"57332a734776f41900660729": "the Congress of Vienna of 1815",
"57332a734776f4190066072a": "1816",
"57332b66d058e614000b5758": "4 August 1915",
"57332b66d058e614000b5759": "areas controlled by Russia",
"57332b66d058e614000b575a": "Pi\u0142sudski",
"57332b66d058e614000b575b": "1920",
"57332b66d058e614000b575c": "Red Army",
"57332c1e4776f4190066073a": "1 September 1939",
"57332c1e4776f4190066073b": "German Nazi colonial administration",
"57332c1e4776f4190066073c": "several hundred thousand",
"57332c1e4776f4190066073d": "19 April 1943",
"57332c1e4776f4190066073e": "almost a month",
"57332e48d058e614000b5762": "the Red Army",
"57332e48d058e614000b5763": "Knowing that Stalin was hostile",
"57332e48d058e614000b5764": "1 August 1944",
"57332e48d058e614000b5765": "63",
"57332e48d058e614000b5766": "150,000",
"57332f81d058e614000b5776": "World War II",
"57332f81d058e614000b5777": "large prefabricated",
"57332f81d058e614000b5778": "Palace of Culture and Science",
"57332f81d058e614000b5779": "Palace of Culture and Science",
"57332f81d058e614000b577a": "UNESCO's World Heritage",
"573330444776f41900660758": "John Paul II",
"573330444776f41900660759": "the budding solidarity movement",
"573330444776f4190066075a": "less than a year",
"573330444776f4190066075b": "Victory Square",
"573330444776f4190066075c": "them as the incentive for the democratic changes",
"5733314e4776f4190066076a": "300",
"5733314e4776f4190066076b": "523",
"5733314e4776f4190066076c": "Vistula River",
"5733314e4776f4190066076d": "115.7 metres",
"5733314e4776f4190066076e": "e.g. Warsaw Uprising Hill (121 metres (397.0 ft)), Szcz\u0119\u015bliwice",
"57335c20d058e614000b58f9": "two",
"57335c20d058e614000b58fa": "Vistula Valley",
"57335c20d058e614000b58fb": "The Vistula River",
"57335c20d058e614000b58fc": "moraine plateau",
"57335c20d058e614000b58fd": "Escarpment",
"57335ddbd058e614000b592f": "plain moraine plateau",
"57335ddbd058e614000b5930": "former flooded terraces",
"57335ddbd058e614000b5931": "valleys and ground depressions with water systems coming from the Vistula old \u2013 riverbed",
"57335ddbd058e614000b5932": "escarpment. Aeolian sand with a number of dunes parted by peat swamps or small ponds cover the highest terrace",
"57335ddbd058e614000b5933": "pine",
"57335fcad058e614000b5970": "turbulent history of the city and country",
"57335fcad058e614000b5971": "During the Second World War",
"57335fcad058e614000b5972": "After liberation",
"57335fcad058e614000b5973": "Leopold Kronenberg Palace",
"57335fcad058e614000b5974": "basic design",
"573361404776f4190066093c": "Gothic",
"573361404776f4190066093d": "14th century",
"573361404776f4190066093e": "the temple",
"573361404776f4190066093f": "Renaissance architecture",
"573361404776f41900660940": "Curia Maior",
"573362b94776f41900660974": "17th century",
"573362b94776f41900660975": "1688\u20131692",
"573362b94776f41900660976": "rococo",
"573362b94776f41900660977": "The neoclassical architecture",
"573362b94776f41900660978": "1775",
"5733638fd058e614000b59e8": "bourgeois",
"5733638fd058e614000b59e9": "not restored by the communist authorities",
"5733638fd058e614000b59ea": "socialist realism",
"5733638fd058e614000b59eb": "Warsaw University of Technology building",
"5733638fd058e614000b59ec": "rebuild the Saxon Palace and the Br\u00fchl Palace, the most distinctive buildings",
"5733647e4776f419006609ae": "Pawiak",
"5733647e4776f419006609af": "Pawiak",
"5733647e4776f419006609b0": "Warsaw Citadel",
"5733647e4776f419006609b1": "the children who served as messengers and frontline troops",
"5733647e4776f419006609b2": "Ku\u0107ma",
"57336755d058e614000b5a3c": "Saxon Garden",
"57336755d058e614000b5a3d": "100",
"57336755d058e614000b5a3e": "east",
"57336755d058e614000b5a3f": "Krasi\u0144ski",
"57336755d058e614000b5a40": "Saxon Garden",
"573368044776f41900660a29": "green",
"573368044776f41900660a2a": "New Orangery",
"573368044776f41900660a2b": "Pole Mokotowskie",
"573368044776f41900660a2c": "Park Ujazdowski",
"573368044776f41900660a2d": "1865",
"573368e54776f41900660a53": "the location of Warsaw within the border region of several big floral regions",
"573368e54776f41900660a54": "Warsaw",
"573368e54776f41900660a55": "Masovian Primeval Forest",
"573368e54776f41900660a56": "Bielany Forest",
"573368e54776f41900660a57": "two",
"57337ddc4776f41900660bba": "13",
"57337ddc4776f41900660bbb": "15 kilometres",
"57337ddc4776f41900660bbc": "the otter, beaver and hundreds of bird species",
"57337ddc4776f41900660bbd": "several",
"57337ddc4776f41900660bbe": "clean them of plants and sediments",
"57337ea24776f41900660bd0": "Jewish minority",
"57337ea24776f41900660bd1": "Jewish",
"57337ea24776f41900660bd2": "34%",
"57337ea24776f41900660bd3": "1,178,914",
"57337ea24776f41900660bd4": "urbanisation",
"57337f6ad058e614000b5bcb": "c. 1,300,000",
"57337f6ad058e614000b5bcc": "420,000",
"57337f6ad058e614000b5bcd": "1951",
"57337f6ad058e614000b5bce": "residency registration",
"57337f6ad058e614000b5bcf": "residency registration",
"57338007d058e614000b5bda": "multi-cultural",
"57338007d058e614000b5bdb": "711,988",
"57338007d058e614000b5bdc": "56.2%",
"57338007d058e614000b5bdd": "2.4%",
"57338007d058e614000b5bde": "1944",
"573380e0d058e614000b5be9": "a commune",
"573380e0d058e614000b5bea": "counties or powiats",
"573380e0d058e614000b5beb": "gmina). In this case we say about city county or powiat",
"57338160d058e614000b5bf9": "Warsaw City Council",
"57338160d058e614000b5bfa": "60",
"57338160d058e614000b5bfb": "every four years",
"57338160d058e614000b5bfc": "committees which have the oversight of various functions of the city government",
"57338160d058e614000b5bfd": "30 days",
"57338255d058e614000b5c0d": "President",
"57338255d058e614000b5c0e": "Jan Andrzej Menich",
"57338255d058e614000b5c0f": "1695\u20131696",
"57338255d058e614000b5c10": "the City council",
"57338255d058e614000b5c11": "district Centrum",
"573382d24776f41900660c37": "\u015ar\u00f3dmie\u015bcie",
"573382d24776f41900660c38": "304,016",
"573382d24776f41900660c39": "Warsaw's economic strength and commercial center. Moreover, Warsaw was ranked as the 7th greatest emerging market",
"573382d24776f41900660c3a": "12%",
"573382d24776f41900660c3b": "23 800, USD 33 000",
"5733834ed058e614000b5c26": "1817",
"5733834ed058e614000b5c27": "World War II",
"5733834ed058e614000b5c28": "1817",
"5733834ed058e614000b5c29": "374",
"5733834ed058e614000b5c2a": "United Workers' Party (PZ",
"573383d0d058e614000b5c35": "1951",
"573383d0d058e614000b5c36": "Polonez",
"573383d0d058e614000b5c37": "Daewoo",
"573383d0d058e614000b5c38": "Daewoo",
"573383d0d058e614000b5c39": "Chevrolet",
"57339555d058e614000b5df3": "1816",
"57339555d058e614000b5df4": "Warsaw University of Technology",
"57339555d058e614000b5df5": "2,000",
"57339555d058e614000b5df6": "Medical University of Warsaw",
"57339555d058e614000b5df7": "Fryderyk Chopin University of Music",
"57339902d058e614000b5e70": "1816",
"57339902d058e614000b5e71": "two million",
"57339902d058e614000b5e72": "architects",
"57339902d058e614000b5e73": "Marek Budzy\u0144ski and Zbigniew Badowski",
"57339902d058e614000b5e74": "5,111 m2",
"573399b54776f41900660e64": "infrastructure",
"573399b54776f41900660e65": "infrastructure",
"573399b54776f41900660e66": "solid economic growth",
"573399b54776f41900660e67": "health care",
"57339a554776f41900660e74": "Warsaw",
"57339a554776f41900660e75": "Children's Memorial Health Institute",
"57339a554776f41900660e76": "Maria Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Institute of Oncology",
"57339a554776f41900660e77": "700",
"57339a554776f41900660e78": "an outpatient clinic",
"57339ad74776f41900660e86": "musical",
"57339ad74776f41900660e87": "events and festivals",
"57339ad74776f41900660e88": "Palace of Culture and Science",
"57339ad74776f41900660e89": "Warsaw Autumn",
"57339ad74776f41900660e8a": "Jazz Jamboree",
"57339c16d058e614000b5ec5": "Ogr\u00f3d Saski",
"57339c16d058e614000b5ec6": "Ogr\u00f3d Saski",
"57339c16d058e614000b5ec7": "from 1870 to 1939",
"57339c16d058e614000b5ec8": "Momus",
"57339c16d058e614000b5ec9": "The Wojciech Bogus\u0142awski Theatre",
"57339dd94776f41900660ecc": "Wianki",
"57339dd94776f41900660ecd": "thousands",
"57339dd94776f41900660ece": "Midsummer\u2019s Night",
"57339dd94776f41900660ecf": "herbs on the water to predict when they would be married",
"57339dd94776f41900660ed0": "fern",
"57339eb9d058e614000b5ef6": "Museum of Hunting and Riding and the Railway Museum",
"57339eb9d058e614000b5ef7": "60",
"57339eb9d058e614000b5ef8": "a collection of works",
"57339eb9d058e614000b5ef9": "paintings",
"57339eb9d058e614000b5efa": "arms",
"5733a1854776f41900660f0a": "Warsaw Uprising Museum",
"5733a1854776f41900660f0b": "Katy\u0144 Museum",
"5733a1854776f41900660f0c": "stereoscopic theatre",
"5733a1854776f41900660f0d": "The Museum of Independence",
"5733a1854776f41900660f0e": "60",
"5733a2a9d058e614000b5f28": "The 17th century Royal Ujazd\u00f3w Castle",
"5733a2a9d058e614000b5f29": "500",
"5733a2a9d058e614000b5f2a": "Zach\u0119ta National Gallery of Art",
"5733a2a9d058e614000b5f2b": "modern art by Polish and international artists",
"5733a2a9d058e614000b5f2c": "2011 Warsaw Gallery Weekend is held on last weekend of September",
"5733a32bd058e614000b5f32": "Polonia Warsaw",
"5733a32bd058e614000b5f33": "1946",
"5733a32bd058e614000b5f34": "twice",
"5733a32bd058e614000b5f35": "Konwiktorska Street",
"5733a32bd058e614000b5f36": "disastrous financial situation",
"5733a45d4776f41900660f23": "syrenka",
"5733a45d4776f41900660f24": "The mermaid",
"5733a45d4776f41900660f25": "since at least the mid-14th century",
"5733a45d4776f41900660f26": "1390",
"5733a45d4776f41900660f27": "Zy",
"5733a560d058e614000b5f77": "best-known legend",
"5733a560d058e614000b5f78": "depths of the oceans and seas",
"5733a560d058e614000b5f79": "the coast of Denmark and can be seen sitting at the entrance to the port of Copenhagen",
"5733a560d058e614000b5f7a": "Warszowa",
"5733a560d058e614000b5f7b": "beautiful voice. A greedy merchant also heard her songs",
"5733a5f54776f41900660f44": "Maria Sk\u0142odowska-Curie",
"5733a5f54776f41900660f45": "Nobel Prize",
"5733a5f54776f41900660f46": "W\u0142adys\u0142aw Szpilman",
"5733a5f54776f41900660f47": "seven months old",
"5733a5f54776f41900660f48": "1745",
"5733a6ac4776f41900660f58": "Warsaw",
"5733a6ac4776f41900660f59": "1916",
"5733a6ac4776f41900660f5a": "Art Deco style in painting and art",
"5733a6ac4776f41900660f5b": "Israeli poet",
"5733a6ac4776f41900660f5c": "Isaac Bashevis Singer",
"5733cf61d058e614000b62e9": "1754\u20131763",
"5733cf61d058e614000b62ea": "colonies of British America and New France",
"5733cf61d058e614000b62eb": "60,000 European settlers, compared with 2 million",
"5733cf61d058e614000b62ec": "2 million",
"5733cff84776f419006612b4": "Jumonville Glen",
"5733cff84776f419006612b5": "a dispute over control of the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers",
"5733cff84776f419006612b6": "May 1754",
"5733d13e4776f419006612c4": "1755",
"5733d13e4776f419006612c5": "a disaster",
"5733d13e4776f419006612c6": "poor management, internal divisions",
"5733d13e4776f419006612c7": "Beaus\u00e9",
"5733d13e4776f419006612c8": "four-way attack",
"5733d249d058e614000b6331": "William Pitt",
"5733d249d058e614000b6332": "increased British military resources",
"5733d249d058e614000b6333": "New France. France concentrated its forces against Prussia",
"5733d249d058e614000b6334": "Sainte Foy in Quebec",
"5733d2dbd058e614000b6339": "Mississippi",
"5733d2dbd058e614000b633a": "French Louisiana west of the Mississippi River",
"5733d2dbd058e614000b633b": "Anglo-French conflict",
"5733d3cb4776f419006612ea": "1740s",
"5733d3cb4776f419006612eb": "Indians fought on both sides of the conflict",
"5733d3cb4776f419006612ec": "a much larger conflict",
"5733d3cb4776f419006612ed": "Intercolonial",
"5733d4c8d058e614000b6353": "1756",
"5733d4c8d058e614000b6354": "six years",
"5733d4c8d058e614000b6355": "1760",
"5733d4c8d058e614000b6356": "Battle of Jumonville Glen",
"5733d5704776f4190066130e": "75,000",
"5733d5704776f4190066130f": "St. Lawrence River valley",
"5733d5704776f41900661310": "St. Lawrence and Mississippi watersheds",
"5733d68ed058e614000b637f": "20 to 1",
"5733d68ed058e614000b6380": "Nova Scotia and Newfoundland in the north, to Georgia",
"5733d68ed058e614000b6381": "along the coast",
"5733d7cbd058e614000b63ab": "native tribes",
"5733d7cbd058e614000b63ac": "Abenaki",
"5733d7cbd058e614000b63ad": "Upstate New York and the Ohio Country",
"5733d7cbd058e614000b63ae": "Iroquois",
"5733da01d058e614000b63f9": "Catawba, Muskogee-speaking Creek and Choctaw, and the Iroquoian-speaking Cherokee tribes",
"5733da01d058e614000b63fa": "western portions of the Great Lakes region",
"5733da01d058e614000b63fb": "Iroquois Six Nations",
"5733dab4d058e614000b6409": "no French regular army troops were stationed in North America, and few British troops",
"5733dab4d058e614000b640a": "no French regular army troops were stationed in North America, and few",
"5733dab4d058e614000b640b": "companies of colonial regulars",
"5733db8dd058e614000b6428": "about 200 Troupes de la marine and 30 Indians. The expedition covered about 3,000 miles",
"5733db8dd058e614000b6429": "British merchants or fur-traders",
"5733db8dd058e614000b642a": "lead plates engraved with the French claim to the Ohio Country. Whenever he encountered British merchants or fur-traders",
"5733dc95d058e614000b644a": "they owned the Ohio Country",
"5733dc95d058e614000b644b": "Pickawillany",
"5733dc95d058e614000b644c": "threatened",
"5733dc95d058e614000b644d": "threatened \"Old Briton\" with severe consequences if he continued to trade with the British. \"Old Briton\" ignored the warning",
"5733dd4f4776f419006613aa": "badly disposed towards the French",
"5733dd4f4776f419006613ab": "brisk trade",
"5733dd4f4776f419006613ac": "forceful",
"5733e5a14776f4190066145b": "1749",
"5733e5a14776f4190066145c": "Ohio Company of Virginia",
"5733e5a14776f4190066145d": "Christopher Gist",
"5733e5a14776f4190066145e": "the British government gave land to the Ohio Company of Virginia",
"5733e5a14776f4190066145f": "Pittsburgh",
"5733e771d058e614000b6545": "King George's War",
"5733e771d058e614000b6546": "1748",
"5733e771d058e614000b6547": "conflicting territorial claims",
"5733e771d058e614000b6548": "The issues of conflicting territorial claims between British and French colonies in North America were turned over to a commission to resolve",
"5733e8ae4776f419006614a6": "Marquis de la Jonqui\u00e8re",
"5733e8ae4776f419006614a7": "300",
"5733e8ae4776f419006614a8": "given 300 men, including French-Canadians and warriors of the Ottawa.",
"5733e8ae4776f419006614a9": "killing 14 people of the Miami nation, including Old Briton. He was reportedly ritually cannibalized",
"5733ea04d058e614000b6594": "Paul Marin de la Malgue",
"5733ea04d058e614000b6595": "Presque Isle",
"5733ea04d058e614000b6596": "Presque Isle",
"5733ea04d058e614000b6597": "protect the King's land",
"5733ea04d058e614000b6598": "Boeuf",
"5733eb34d058e614000b65cc": "colonel of the Western New York Militia",
"5733eb34d058e614000b65cd": "Warraghiggey",
"5733eb34d058e614000b65ce": "Warraghiggey",
"5733eb34d058e614000b65cf": "Hendrick",
"5733ef47d058e614000b662b": "Ohio Company",
"5733ef47d058e614000b662c": "George Washington",
"5733ef47d058e614000b662d": "Jacob Van Braam",
"5733ef47d058e614000b662e": "December 12",
"5733f062d058e614000b6633": "Jacques Legardeur de Saint-Pierre",
"5733f062d058e614000b6634": "Dinwiddie",
"5733f062d058e614000b6635": "As to the Summons you send me to retire, I do not think myself obliged to obey it",
"5733f062d058e614000b6636": "superior to that of the British",
"5733f1784776f41900661575": "500",
"5733f1784776f41900661576": "1754",
"5733f1784776f41900661577": "Duques",
"5733f309d058e614000b6648": "surprised the Canadians on May 28 in what became known as the Battle of Jumonville Glen",
"5733f309d058e614000b6649": "killed many of the Canadians",
"5733f309d058e614000b664a": "They had been inclined to support the French, with whom they had long trading relationships",
"5733f410d058e614000b6663": "to lead the expedition. Word of the British military plans leaked to France well before Braddock's departure for North America",
"5733f410d058e614000b6664": "February 1755",
"5733f410d058e614000b6665": "dispatched six regiments",
"5733f410d058e614000b6666": "blockade French ports",
"5733f5264776f419006615a3": "the Albany Congress",
"5733f5264776f419006615a4": "formalize a unified front in trade and negotiations with various Indians",
"5733f5264776f419006615a5": "a unified front in trade and negotiations with various Indians",
"5733f5264776f419006615a6": "to formalize a unified front in trade and negotiations with various Indians",
"5733f5f24776f419006615c1": "Braddock",
"5733f5f24776f419006615c2": "a disaster",
"5733f5f24776f419006615c3": "1,000",
"5733f5f24776f419006615c4": "Thomas Gage",
"5733f7b9d058e614000b66a9": "Shirley and Johnson",
"5733f7b9d058e614000b66aa": "logistical",
"5733f7b9d058e614000b66ab": "Fort Niagara",
"5733f7b9d058e614000b66ac": "garrisons at Oswego, Fort Bull, and Fort Williams",
"5733f8dc4776f419006615f7": "Marquis de Vaudreuil",
"5733f8dc4776f419006615f8": "sent Dieskau",
"5733f8dc4776f419006615f9": "Edward and Fort William Henry. The battle ended inconclusively, with both sides withdrawing from the field. Johnson",
"5733f8dc4776f419006615fa": "Fort Carillon",
"5733f8dc4776f419006615fb": "Fort William Henry, and the French withdrew to Ticonderoga Point, where they began the construction of Fort Carillon",
"5733f9fa4776f4190066161f": "Colonel Monckton",
"5733f9fa4776f41900661620": "vital supplies",
"5733f9fa4776f41900661621": "Bloody Creek",
"5733faaf4776f4190066162f": "William Shirley",
"5733faaf4776f41900661630": "Albany",
"5733faaf4776f41900661631": "Fort Frontenac on the north shore of Lake Ontario and an expedition through the wilderness of the Maine district and down the Chaudi\u00e8re River",
"5733faaf4776f41900661632": "Albany",
"5733fb7bd058e614000b66ff": "General James Abercrombie",
"5733fb7bd058e614000b6700": "Major General Louis-Joseph de Montcalm",
"5733fb7bd058e614000b6701": "May 18, 1756",
"5733fc6ed058e614000b670f": "forts Shirley",
"5733fc6ed058e614000b6710": "British supply chain",
"5733fc6ed058e614000b6711": "45,000 pounds",
"5733fc6ed058e614000b6712": "campaigns on Lake Ontario, and endangered the Oswego garrison, already short on supplies",
"5733fd66d058e614000b6735": "Abercrombie",
"5733fd66d058e614000b6736": "Ticonderoga",
"5733fd66d058e614000b6737": "Albany",
"5733fd66d058e614000b6738": "personal effects",
"5733fe73d058e614000b673d": "an attack on New France's capital, Quebec",
"5733fe73d058e614000b673e": "massacre",
"5733fe73d058e614000b673f": "William Pitt",
"5733fe73d058e614000b6740": "massacre",
"5733ffa7d058e614000b674f": "French irregular forces",
"5733ffa7d058e614000b6750": "Lake George",
"5733ffa7d058e614000b6751": "angered at the lost opportunity for loot",
"57340111d058e614000b677d": "poor harvest",
"57340111d058e614000b677e": "poor harvest",
"57340111d058e614000b677f": "St. Lawrence, with primary defenses at Carillon, Quebec",
"5734025d4776f419006616c3": "The British failures",
"5734025d4776f419006616c4": "Loudoun",
"5734025d4776f419006616c5": "major offensive actions",
"5734025d4776f419006616c6": "Two",
"573403394776f419006616dd": "3,600",
"573403394776f419006616de": "3,600",
"573403394776f419006616df": "improbable French victory in the Battle of Carillon, in which 3,600 Frenchmen famously",
"573403394776f419006616e0": "saved something from the disaster",
"57340549d058e614000b67dd": "invasion of Britain",
"57340549d058e614000b67de": "failed both militarily and politically",
"57340549d058e614000b67df": "Lagos and Quiberon Bay",
"573406d1d058e614000b6801": "James Wolfe",
"573406d1d058e614000b6802": "cut off the French frontier forts further to the west and south",
"573406d1d058e614000b6803": "Battle of Sainte-Foy",
"573406d1d058e614000b6804": "naval Battle of the Restigouche",
"573407d7d058e614000b6813": "General Amherst",
"573407d7d058e614000b6814": "medical treatment",
"573407d7d058e614000b6815": "General Amherst",
"573408ef4776f41900661757": "10 February 1763",
"573408ef4776f41900661758": "15 February 1763",
"573408ef4776f41900661759": "cede the former",
"573408ef4776f4190066175a": "cede the former",
"57340a094776f4190066177d": "80,000",
"57340a094776f4190066177e": "1755",
"57340a094776f4190066177f": "North American provinces",
"57340a094776f41900661780": "New Orleans",
"57340b1bd058e614000b6869": "King George III",
"57340b1bd058e614000b686a": "the division and administration of the newly conquered territory",
"57340b1bd058e614000b686b": "west of the Appalachian Mountains",
"57340d124776f419006617bf": "disappearance of a strong ally and counterweight to British expansion",
"57340d124776f419006617c0": "legal and illegal settlement",
"57340d124776f419006617c1": "1769",
"57340d124776f419006617c2": "Spanish Florida resulted in the westward migration of tribes",
"57340d124776f419006617c3": "Louisiana territory",
"573735e8c3c5551400e51e71": "force",
"573735e8c3c5551400e51e72": "A fundamental error was the belief that a force is required to maintain motion, even at a constant velocity",
"573735e8c3c5551400e51e73": "Aristotle and Archimedes",
"573735e8c3c5551400e51e74": "nearly three hundred years",
"573735e8c3c5551400e51e75": "Einstein",
"57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7b": "a Standard Model",
"57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7c": "gauge bosons",
"57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7d": "electromagnetic, weak, and gravitational",
"57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7e": "electromagnetic, weak, and gravitational",
"57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7f": "a more fundamental electroweak interaction",
"57373d0cc3c5551400e51e85": "Aristotle",
"57373d0cc3c5551400e51e86": "Aristotelian cosmology",
"57373d0cc3c5551400e51e87": "four",
"57373d0cc3c5551400e51e88": "on the ground",
"57373d0cc3c5551400e51e89": "unnatural",
"57373f80c3c5551400e51e8f": "17th century",
"57373f80c3c5551400e51e90": "Galileo Galilei",
"57373f80c3c5551400e51e91": "innate force of impetus",
"57373f80c3c5551400e51e92": "Galileo",
"57373f80c3c5551400e51e93": "objects retain their velocity unless acted on by a force, for example friction",
"5737432bc3c5551400e51e99": "Newton",
"5737432bc3c5551400e51e9a": "a lack of net force",
"5737432bc3c5551400e51e9b": "Newton",
"5737432bc3c5551400e51e9c": "Newton",
"5737432bc3c5551400e51e9d": "velocity",
"5737477bc3c5551400e51ea3": "the laws of physics",
"5737477bc3c5551400e51ea4": "parabolic path",
"5737477bc3c5551400e51ea5": "constant velocity",
"5737477bc3c5551400e51ea6": "physically indisting",
"573749741c4567190057445d": "inertia",
"573749741c4567190057445e": "rotational inertia of planet Earth is what fixes the constancy of the length of a day and the length of a year",
"573749741c4567190057445f": "Albert Einstein",
"573749741c45671900574460": "weightlessness",
"573749741c45671900574461": "free-fall orbit around the Earth, and why Newton's Laws",
"573750f51c45671900574467": "Second Law",
"573750f61c45671900574468": "kinematic",
"573750f61c45671900574469": "General relativity",
"573750f61c4567190057446a": "microscales",
"573750f61c4567190057446b": "equality; the relative units",
"5737534ec3c5551400e51eab": "Third Law",
"5737534ec3c5551400e51eac": "The third law",
"5737534ec3c5551400e51ead": "unidirectional force",
"5737534ec3c5551400e51eae": "magnitude",
"573755afc3c5551400e51eb3": "center of mass",
"573755afc3c5551400e51eb4": "closed",
"573755afc3c5551400e51eb5": "mass of the system",
"573766251c45671900574471": "intuitive understanding",
"573766251c45671900574472": "precise operational definitions",
"573766251c45671900574473": "Newtonian mechanics",
"573766251c45671900574474": "fully consistent with the conceptual definition of force offered by Newtonian mechanics",
"57376828c3c5551400e51eb9": "vector quantities",
"57376828c3c5551400e51eba": "scalar",
"57376828c3c5551400e51ebb": "it is necessary to know both the magnitude and the direction of both forces to calculate the result",
"57376828c3c5551400e51ebc": "ambiguous",
"57376828c3c5551400e51ebd": "could be pulling against each other as in tug of war or the two people could be pulling in the same direction",
"57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec3": "static equilibrium",
"57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec4": "magnitude and direction",
"57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec5": "net force",
"57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec6": "their lines of action. However, if the forces are acting on an extended body, their respective lines",
"57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec7": "parallelogram rule of vector addition",
"57376c50c3c5551400e51ecd": "independent components",
"57376c50c3c5551400e51ece": "two",
"57376c50c3c5551400e51ecf": "yields the original force",
"57376c50c3c5551400e51ed0": "orthogonal components",
"57376c50c3c5551400e51ed1": "zero component. Orthogonal force vectors",
"57376df3c3c5551400e51ed7": "frictional surface can result in a situation where the object does not move because the applied force is opposed by static friction",
"57376df3c3c5551400e51ed8": "static friction",
"57376df3c3c5551400e51ed9": "acceleration",
"57376df3c3c5551400e51eda": "upper limit",
"57377083c3c5551400e51edf": "simple devices",
"57377083c3c5551400e51ee0": "spring reaction force",
"57377083c3c5551400e51ee1": "the object's weight",
"57377083c3c5551400e51ee2": "force of gravity",
"57377083c3c5551400e51ee3": "Isaac Newton",
"573776eec3c5551400e51ee9": "Galileo",
"573776eec3c5551400e51eea": "completely equivalent to rest",
"573776eec3c5551400e51eeb": "Aristotle",
"573776eec3c5551400e51eec": "Aristotel",
"573776eec3c5551400e51eed": "at a constant velocity, Aristotel",
"57377862c3c5551400e51ef3": "dynamic equilibrium",
"57377862c3c5551400e51ef4": "kinetic friction force",
"57377862c3c5551400e51ef5": "kinetic friction",
"57377862c3c5551400e51ef6": "Aristotle",
"57377aac1c45671900574479": "Schr\u00f6dinger equation",
"57377aac1c4567190057447a": "Newtonian equations",
"57377aac1c4567190057447b": "classical position variables",
"57377aac1c4567190057447c": "quantized",
"57377aac1c4567190057447d": "\"force",
"57377c98c3c5551400e51efb": "the \"spin",
"57377c98c3c5551400e51efc": "Pauli",
"57377c98c3c5551400e51efd": "spin",
"57377c98c3c5551400e51efe": "antiparallel spins the position variables",
"57377c98c3c5551400e51eff": "negative",
"57377ec7c3c5551400e51f05": "a mathematical",
"57377ec7c3c5551400e51f06": "4-momentum in relativity and momentum of virtual particles in quantum electrodynamics",
"57377ec7c3c5551400e51f07": "The conservation of momentum",
"57377ec7c3c5551400e51f08": "bosons are emitted away from the vertex as wavy",
"57377ec7c3c5551400e51f09": "wavy",
"5737804dc3c5551400e51f0f": "four",
"5737804dc3c5551400e51f10": "strong and weak forces",
"5737804dc3c5551400e51f11": "electromagnetic force",
"5737804dc3c5551400e51f12": "masses",
"5737804dc3c5551400e51f13": "Pauli exclusion principle",
"5737821cc3c5551400e51f19": "Isaac Newton",
"5737821cc3c5551400e51f1a": "20th",
"5737821cc3c5551400e51f1b": "electromagnetic forces in electroweak theory subsequently confirmed by observation. The complete formulation of the standard model predicts an as yet unobserved Higgs",
"5737821cc3c5551400e51f1c": "electromagnetic forces in electroweak theory subsequently confirmed by observation. The complete formulation of the standard model predicts an as yet unobserved Higgs",
"573784fa1c45671900574483": "Isaac Newton",
"573784fa1c45671900574484": "Galileo",
"573784fa1c45671900574485": "constant",
"573784fa1c45671900574486": "sea level and may vary depending on location), and points toward the center",
"573784fa1c45671900574487": "gravity",
"573786b51c4567190057448d": "different ways at larger distances",
"573786b51c4567190057448e": "acceleration of the Moon around the Earth could be ascribed to the same force of gravity",
"573786b51c4567190057448f": "mass of the attracting body",
"573786b51c45671900574490": "radius",
"57378862c3c5551400e51f21": "a dimensional constant",
"57378862c3c5551400e51f22": "Henry Cavendish",
"57378862c3c5551400e51f23": "1798",
"57378862c3c5551400e51f24": "Newton",
"5737898f1c45671900574495": "Mercury",
"5737898f1c45671900574496": "Vulcan",
"5737898f1c45671900574497": "general relativity",
"5737898f1c45671900574498": "Albert Einstein",
"5737898f1c45671900574499": "Albert Einstein",
"57378b141c4567190057449f": "general relativity",
"57378b141c456719005744a0": "parabola",
"57378b141c456719005744a1": "ballistic trajectory of the object. For example, a basketball thrown from the ground moves in a parabola",
"57378b141c456719005744a2": "global",
"57378c9b1c456719005744a7": "Lorentz's Law",
"57378c9b1c456719005744a8": "electric current",
"57378c9b1c456719005744a9": "electrostatic force (due to the electric field) and the magnetic force (due to the magnetic field",
"57378c9b1c456719005744aa": "electric field",
"57378e311c456719005744af": "James Clerk Maxwell",
"57378e311c456719005744b0": "1864",
"57378e311c456719005744b1": "20",
"57378e311c456719005744b2": "4",
"57378e311c456719005744b3": "Maxwell",
"573792ee1c456719005744b9": "nonexistence of the ultraviolet catastrophe, proved troublesome",
"573792ee1c456719005744ba": "quantum mechanics",
"573792ee1c456719005744bb": "quantum electrodynamics",
"573792ee1c456719005744bc": "photons",
"573792ee1c456719005744bd": "quantum electrodynamics",
"5737958b1c456719005744c3": "charges under the influence of the electromagnetic force",
"5737958b1c456719005744c4": "the Pauli exclusion principle",
"5737958b1c456719005744c5": "energy",
"5737958b1c456719005744c6": "a structural force",
"573796edc3c5551400e51f33": "elementary particles",
"573796edc3c5551400e51f34": "the force that acts between nucleons in atomic nuclei) as the nuclear force",
"573796edc3c5551400e51f35": "hadrons",
"573796edc3c5551400e51f36": "gluons",
"573796edc3c5551400e51f37": "confinement",
"57379829c3c5551400e51f3d": "The weak force",
"57379829c3c5551400e51f3e": "beta decay (of neutrons in atomic nuclei) and the associated radioactivity",
"57379829c3c5551400e51f3f": "neutrons in atomic nuclei",
"57379829c3c5551400e51f40": "1013",
"57379829c3c5551400e51f41": "1015 kelvins",
"57379a4b1c456719005744cd": "The normal force",
"57379a4b1c456719005744ce": "Pauli repulsion",
"57379a4b1c456719005744cf": "fermionic nature of electrons",
"57379a4b1c456719005744d0": "repulsive forces of interaction between atoms at close contact",
"57379ed81c456719005744d5": "ideal strings",
"57379ed81c456719005744d6": "ideal pulleys",
"57379ed81c456719005744d7": "instantaneously in action-reaction pairs",
"57379ed81c456719005744d8": "increase in the length of string that must be displaced in order to move the load. These tandem effects result ultimately in the conservation of mechanical energy",
"57379ed81c456719005744d9": "mechanical energy",
"5737a0acc3c5551400e51f47": "idealized point particles",
"5737a0acc3c5551400e51f48": "how forces affect idealized point particles rather than three-dimensional objects",
"5737a0acc3c5551400e51f49": "extended fluids",
"5737a0acc3c5551400e51f4a": "extended structure and forces",
"5737a0acc3c5551400e51f4b": "extended structure and forces",
"5737a25ac3c5551400e51f51": "deformations",
"5737a25ac3c5551400e51f52": "stress-tensor",
"5737a25ac3c5551400e51f53": "shear terms",
"5737a25ac3c5551400e51f54": "formalism",
"5737a4511c456719005744df": "rotation",
"5737a4511c456719005744e0": "ensures that all bodies maintain their angular momentum unless acted upon by an unbalanced torque",
"5737a4511c456719005744e1": "Second Law of Motion",
"5737a5931c456719005744e7": "speeding it up, and the radial (centripetal) force, which changes its direction",
"5737a5931c456719005744e8": "perpendicular",
"5737a5931c456719005744e9": "radial (centripetal) force",
"5737a5931c456719005744ea": "radial (centripetal) force",
"5737a5931c456719005744eb": "radial (centripetal) force",
"5737a7351c456719005744f1": "kinetic or potential forms",
"5737a7351c456719005744f2": "A conservative force that acts on a closed system has an associated mechanical work that allows energy to convert only between kinetic or potential forms",
"5737a7351c456719005744f3": "net mechanical energy",
"5737a7351c456719005744f4": "difference in potential energy",
"5737a7351c456719005744f5": "The force, therefore, is related directly to the difference in potential energy",
"5737a84dc3c5551400e51f59": "gradient of potentials",
"5737a84dc3c5551400e51f5a": "gradient of potentials",
"5737a84dc3c5551400e51f5b": "friction is caused by the gradients of numerous electrostatic potentials between the atoms",
"5737a84dc3c5551400e51f5c": "Nonconservative forces other than friction include other contact forces",
"5737a9afc3c5551400e51f61": "statistical mechanics",
"5737a9afc3c5551400e51f62": "nonconservative forces act",
"5737a9afc3c5551400e51f63": "transfer",
"5737a9afc3c5551400e51f64": "transfer of heat. According to the Second",
"5737a9afc3c5551400e51f65": "nonconservative forces act",
"5737aafd1c456719005744fb": "the kilogram-force",
"5737aafd1c456719005744fc": "kilopond",
"5737aafd1c456719005744fd": "the metric slug",
"5737aafd1c456719005744fe": "the metric slug",
"5737aafd1c456719005744ff": "mass: the metric slug"
}