Abstract
The scalability limitations of Transformers regarding sequence length have renewed interest in recurrent sequence models that are parallelizable during training. As a result, many novel recurrent architectures, such as S4, Mamba, and Aaren, have been proposed that achieve comparable performance. In this work, we revisit traditional recurrent neural networks (RNNs) from over a decade ago: LSTMs (1997) and GRUs (2014). While these models were slow due to requiring to backpropagate through time (BPTT), we show that by removing their hidden state dependencies from their input, forget, and update gates, LSTMs and GRUs no longer need to BPTT and can be efficiently trained in parallel. Building on this, we introduce minimal versions (minLSTMs and minGRUs) that (1) use significantly fewer parameters than their traditional counterparts and (2) are fully parallelizable during training (175x faster for a sequence of length 512). Lastly, we show that these stripped-down versions of decade-old RNNs match the empirical performance of recent sequence models.
Community
In case you are interested in this, here is a working implementation: https://github.com/lucidrains/minGRU-pytorch
I also have one here https://github.com/cheind/mingru featuring
- Parallel: Efficient log-space parallel evaluation support plus sequential support for testing. Automatically dispatches to the most efficient implementation.
- Multilayer: Stack multiple MinGRU layers via
num_layers=arguments. Whennum_layers>1, the output hidden states of layer $i$ are passed as inputs to $i+1$. - Dropout: Via parameter
dropout=, when > 0 all inputs of each layer are effected except for the last layer. - Bias: Biases in linear layers can be enabled and disabled via the
bias=argument. - Residuals: Residual connections betweeen outputs of minGRU layers via
residual=argument. - Transforms: Custom (shared) transforms betweeen outputs of minGRU layers via
layer_transforms=argument. - Compatibility: Interface of mingru is mostly compatible with that of
torch.nn.GRU, except that bi-directional and sequence-first arguments are not supported.
My summary of this paper:
๐ ๐๐ฅ๐-๐ฌ๐๐ก๐จ๐จ๐ฅ ๐๐๐๐ฌ ๐๐๐ง ๐๐๐ญ๐ฎ๐๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ฒ ๐ซ๐ข๐ฏ๐๐ฅ ๐๐๐ง๐๐ฒ ๐ญ๐ซ๐๐ง๐ฌ๐๐จ๐ซ๐ฆ๐๐ซ๐ฌ!
Researchers from Mila and Borealis AI just have shown that simplified versions of good old Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) can match the performance of today's transformers.
They took a fresh look at LSTMs (from 1997!) and GRUs (from 2014). They stripped these models down to their bare essentials, creating "minLSTM" and "minGRU". The key changes:
โถ Removed dependencies on previous hidden states in the gates
โท Dropped the tanh that had been added to restrict output range in order to avoid vanishing gradients
โธ Ensured outputs are time-independent in scale (not sure I understood that well either, don't worry)
โก๏ธ As a result, you can use a โparallel scanโ algorithm to train these new, minimal RNNs, in parallel, taking 88% more memory but also making them 200x faster than their traditional counterparts for long sequences
๐ฅ The results are mind-blowing! Performance-wise, they go toe-to-toe with Transformers or Mamba.
And for Language Modeling, they need 2.5x fewer training steps than Transformers to reach the same performance! ๐
๐ค Why does this matter?
By showing there are simpler models with similar performance to transformers, this challenges the narrative that we need advanced architectures for better performance!
๐ฌ Franรงois Chollet wrote in a tweet about this paper:
โThe fact that there are many recent architectures coming from different directions that roughly match Transformers is proof that architectures aren't fundamentally important in the curve-fitting paradigm (aka deep learning)โ
โCurve-fitting is about embedding a dataset on a curve. The critical factor is the dataset, not the specific hard-coded bells and whistles that constrain the curve's shape.โ
Itโs the Bitter lesson by Rich Sutton striking again: donโt need fancy thinking architectures, just scale up your model and data!
This is a very interesting topic. In academia, transformers seem to be the only choice, but with this architecture (older but more streamlined), we can achieve faster inference.
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