| { | |
| "normal": "It means the absence of diseases and infirmity, indicating the structure is normal.", | |
| "clear": "The lungs are clear and normal. No evidence for other diseases on lung.", | |
| "sharp": "This means that an anatomical structure's boundary or edge is clear and normal, meaning it is free of diseases.", | |
| "sharply": "Sharply seen means that an anatomical structure is clearly visible.", | |
| "unremarkable": "This represents some anatomical structures are normal, usually modifying cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes.", | |
| "intact": "The bonny structure is complete and normal, meaning no fractures.", | |
| "stable": "The modified anatomical structures are normal and stable. No evidence for diseases.", | |
| "free": "It usually refers to free air and is associate with pneumothorax,atelectasis,pneumoperitoneum and emphysema.", | |
| "effusion": "A pleural effusion is accumulation of excessive fluid in the pleural space, the potential space that surrounds each lung. A pleural effusion infiltrates the space between the visceral pleura and the parietal pleura", | |
| "opacity": "It is defined as an area of hazy opacification due to air displacement by fluid, airway collapse, fibrosis, or a neoplastic process. It is causes include infections, interstitial lung disease, and pulmonary edema.", | |
| "pneumothorax": "A pneumothorax is an abnormal collection of air in the pleural space between the lung and the chest wall. It may be caused by pneumonia or fibrosis and other diseases. ", | |
| "edema": "Pulmonary edema, also known as pulmonary congestion, is excessive liquid accumulation in the tissue and air spaces of the lungs. It will show fluid in the alveolar walls", | |
| "atelectasis": "It is the collapse or closure of a lung resulting in reduced or absent gas exchange. Findings can include lung opacification and loss of lung volume.", | |
| "tube": "it is a surgical drain that is inserted through the chest wall and into the pleural space or the mediastinum to remove undesired substances such as air (pneumothorax), excess fluid (pleural effusion or hydrothorax), blood (hemothorax), chyle (chylothorax) or pus (empyema) from the intrathoracic space.", | |
| "consolidation": "it is a region of normally compressible lung tissue that has filled with liquid instead of air. Consolidation must be present to diagnose pneumonia: the signs of lobar pneumonia are characteristic and clinically referred to as consolidation.", | |
| "process": "Acute process' means there is abnormality in the anotomy structure. ", | |
| "abnormality": "It means the exist of diseases and infirmity, indicating the structure is abnormal.", | |
| "enlarge": "It usually modifies cardiac silhouette and heart. Cardiomegaly is a medical condition in which the heart is enlarged.", | |
| "tip": "It refers to the top head of the tube.", | |
| "low": "The presence of low lung volumes may be a sign of a restrictive lung condition such as pulmonary fibrosis or sarcoidosis.", | |
| "eumonia": "Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lung primarily affecting the small air sacs known as alveoli. Pneumonia may present with opacities. Complications such as pleural effusion may also be found increasing the diagnostic accuracy of lung consolidation and pleural effusion", | |
| "line": "It refers to venous access line ot PICC lines.", | |
| "congestion": "Pulmonary congestion is defined as accumulation of fluid in the lungs, resulting in impaired gas exchange and arterial hypoxemia. ", | |
| "catheter": "catheter is a tube placed in the body to drain and collect urine from the bladder", | |
| "cardiomegaly": "Cardiomegaly (sometimes megacardia or megalocardia) is a medical condition in which the heart is enlarged. ", | |
| "fracture": "fracture is a break in a rib bone.", | |
| "air": "It refers to the free air or gas in pleural space, indicating pneumothorax. Air displacement by fluid may lead to opacity.", | |
| "tortuous": "the Aorta is slightly tortuous. Sometimes it may refer to varicose veins", | |
| "lead": "It refers to the leading head of the tube.", | |
| "disease": "It means the exist of diseases and abnormalty, indicating the structure is abnormal. ", | |
| "calcification": "Pulmonary calcification is a common asymptomatic finding. Pulmonary calcifications are caused mainly by two mechanisms: the dystrophic form and the metastatic form", | |
| "prominence": "It means the exist of some observation.", | |
| "device": "It refer to some equipments like picc tub, valve catheter, pacemaker hardware, arthroplastmarker icd defib, device support equipment and mediport'", | |
| "engorgement": "pulmonary vascular engorgement means obstruction of the normal flux of blood within the blood vessel network of the lung resulting in engorgement of pulmonary vessels", | |
| "picc": "A peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC), also called a PICC line, is a long, thin tube that's inserted through a vein in your arm and passed through to the larger veins near your heart. ", | |
| "clip": "Surgical clips or vascular clips usually represent the one kind of medical equipments.", | |
| "elevation": "If tissues or anatomical structures are elevated, they are raised up higher than the normal location.", | |
| "expand": "It means the lungs are normally expanded and clear, indicating the absence of pneumothorax.", | |
| "nodule": "A lung nodule or pulmonary nodule is a relatively small focal density in the lung. it may be confused with the projection of a structure of the chest wall or skin, such as a nipple, a healing rib fracture or lung cancer.", | |
| "wire": "sternotomis wires means the center line of the chest.", | |
| "fluid": "It refers to the water of liquid in the lung and it may indicate edema and other diseases.", | |
| "degenerative": "Degenerative disease is the result of a continuous process based on degenerative cell changes", | |
| "pacemaker": "pacemaker device usually represents the one kind of medical equipments.", | |
| "thicken": "Pleural thickening is an increase in the bulkiness of one or both of the pulmonary pleurae. It may cause by pulmonary Infection, empyema, tuberculosis or lung cancer.", | |
| "marking": "It represents interstitial markings or bronchovascular markings", | |
| "scar": "A scar (or scar tissue) is an area of fibrous tissue that replaces normal tissues after an injury.", | |
| "hyperinflate": "Hyperinflated lungs are larger-than-normal lungs as a result of trapped air.", | |
| "blunt": "Blunting of the costophrenic angles is usually caused by a pleural effusion, as already discussed. Other causes of costophrenic angle blunting include lung disease in the region of the costophrenic angle, and lung hyperexpansion.", | |
| "loss": "The etiology of lung volume loss can be listed as follows: airway obstruction or compression, obesity, scoliosis, restrictive diseases such as pulmonary fibrosis and interstitial lung disease, tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, pleural effusions, rib injury (fractures or diaphragm paralysis), and heart failure", | |
| "widen": "The mediastinum is not widened or enlarged", | |
| "collapse": "collapse lung refers to pneumothorax or atelectasis.", | |
| "density": "The density (more precisely, the volumetric mass density; also known as specific mass), of a substance is its mass per unit volume. ", | |
| "emphysema": "Emphysema, or pulmonary emphysema, is a lower respiratory tract disease, characterized by air-filled spaces (pneumatosis) in the lungs, that can vary in size and may be very large", | |
| "aerate": "Aeration (also called aerification or aeriation) is the process by which air is circulated through, mixed with or dissolved in a liquid or other substances that act as a fluid (such as soil).", | |
| "mass": "A lung mass is an abnormal growth or area in the lungs and it can also view as lung cancer.", | |
| "crowd": "Crowding of the bronchovascular structures is an important direct sign of volume loss. The atelectatic lung enhances densely after contrast administration because of closeness of the pulmonary arteries and arterioles within the collapsed lobe.", | |
| "infiltrate": "A pulmonary infiltrate is a substance denser than air, such as pus, blood, or protein, which lingers within the parenchyma of the lungs. Pulmonary infiltrates are associated with pneumonia, tuberculosis and sarcoidosis.", | |
| "obscure": "Some anatomy structures are not clear and is difficult to understand or see", | |
| "deformity": "It means some body parts are abnormal or unjuried.", | |
| "hernia": "Lung hernia (Sibson hernia) is a protrusion of lung outside of thoracic wall. the hernia is noted after chest trauma, thoracic surgery or certain pulmonary diseases", | |
| "drainage": "Tube drainage represents the one kind of medical equipment", | |
| "distention": "Distension generally refers to an enlargement, dilation, or ballooning effect. It may refer to: Abdominal distension,", | |
| "shift": "The mediastinal shift is the deviation of the mediastinal structures towards one side of the chest cavity, usually seen on chest radiograph. It indicates a severe asymmetry of intrathoracic pressures.", | |
| "stent": "tracheal stent represents the one kind of medical equipments", | |
| "pressure": "Pulmonary venous pressure is intermediate between mean PAP and LAP over all physiologic pressures", | |
| "lesion": "Lung nodules, pulmonary nodules, white spots, lesions these terms all describe the same phenomenon: an abnormality in the lungs.", | |
| "finding": "Some observation on body parts, usually indicating abnormalty.", | |
| "borderline": "borderline size of the cardiac silhouette means the cardiac silhouette is not enlarged and normal.", | |
| "hardware": "It represents the one kind of medical equipments.", | |
| "dilation": "the state of being larger or more open than normal", | |
| "chf": "Heart failure sometimes known as congestive heart failure occurs when the heart muscle doesn't pump blood as well as it should. When this happens, blood often backs up and fluid can build up in the lungs, causing shortness of breath.", | |
| "redistribution": "If the pulmonary edema is due to heart failure or fluid overload, you may also see cardiomegaly and distension of the pulmonary veins, particularly in the upper lung fields.", | |
| "aspiration": "Aspiration pneumonia occurs when food or liquid is breathed into the airways or lungs, instead of being swallowed. ", | |
| "tail_abnorm_obs": "Some very rare diseases.", | |
| "excluded_obs": "Some observations that seldom appear in the reports." | |
| } | |