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+PI. I. 
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+THE 
+
+
+
+PANTHEON: 
+
+REPRESENTING 
+
+
+THE FABULOUS HISTORIES 
+
+OF 
+
+r 
+
+■# THE HEATHEN GOBS, 
+
+• . 
+
+4 
+
+/ •' AND 
+
+*• . 
+
+THE MOST ILLUSTRIOUS HEROES OF 
+
+ANTIQUITY ; 
+
+
+IN’ A SHORT, PLAIN, AND FAMILIAR METHOD, 
+
+
+BT JVAT OF DIALOGUE. 
+
+
+FOR THE USE OF SCHOOLS. 
+
+
+4 
+
+By ANDREW TOOKE, a . m . 
+
+LATE PROFESSOR OF GEOMETRY IN GRESHAM COLLEGE* 
+
+AND MASTER OF THE CHARTER-HOUSE SCHOOL. - 
+
+* 
+
+
+- A NEW EDITION, 
+
+
+Revifed, Cor retted. Amended, and Illufirated with Twenty-fevcn 
+
+
+New Cuts, and a complete Index • 
+
+
+
+LONDON: 
+
+PRINTED IN THE YEAR MDCCXCIV 
+
+
+
+READER* 
+
+
+I T is confefled that there are already 
+many books publifhed on the pre- 
+fent fubjedt, two or three of which are 
+in our own tongue ; and thofe, without 
+doubt, will by fome men be thought 
+enough. But fince this ean be the opi¬ 
+nion but of a few, and thofe unexpe¬ 
+rienced people, it has been judged more 
+proper to regard the advice of many 
+grave perfons of known fkiil in the Arr 
+of Teaching ; who, though they mult 
+acknowledge that Goodwin in his Anti¬ 
+quities , ha$ done very well in the whole, 
+yet cannot but own that he has been, 
+too fhort in this point ; that Rojfe alfo, 
+though he deferves commendation for 
+his Mythology , is yet very tedious, and 
+as much too large ; and that Galtruchius 
+as De Affigny has tranflated and difhed 
+him out to us, is fo confufed and art- 
+lefs in his method, as well as unfortu¬ 
+nate in his corredliona, that it in no¬ 
+wife anfwers the purpofe it was de~ 
+figned for; and hereupon this Work 
+was recommended to be tranflated, be- 
+
+m ** 
+
+a a ing 
+
+
+IV 
+
+
+TO THE 
+
+
+ing firft well approved, by learned Gen~j 
+tlemen, as is above-mentioned, for itsj 
+cafy Method and agreeable PJainnefs.i 
+Befides, it having be«m written by fb 
+learned a per/bn, and that for the vifc 
+.of io great a prince, and fo univerfally: 
+received in our neighbour-nations as 
+to have fold feveral impreflions in a 
+fhort time, there was no room to doubt 
+of its beimr well received here. As for 
+the quotations out of the Latin Poe s, 
+it was canfidered a while whether they 
+ihould be tranflated or not ; but it was 
+at laft judged proper to print them in 
+-JLngUjh, either from thofe who had al¬ 
+ready rendered them well, or, wheret 
+they could not be had, to give a new 
+•tranllation of them; fo that nothing! 
+of the whole Work might be out ofl 
+the reach of the young fcholar’s un-j 
+derftanaing, for whofe benefit chiefly, I 
+„as this verfion was intended, fo in this! 
+lad impreffion, care has been taken,I 
+not only to move the Citations to the! 
+ends of the Pages, which before lying! 
+in the body of the difcourfe, and I 
+making part of it, the lenfe was great-1 
+iy interrupted, the connection clifturb-l 
+.ed., and thereby a confufion olt-timesl 
+
+-created! 
+
+
+
+TO THE 
+
+
+C5J 
+
+
+
+' V 
+
+
+I -i 
+
+
+f 
+
+
+
+
+5 
+
+
+treated in the undcrflandings of fome 
+
+
+f the young fcholars into w hofe hands 
+t was put, by Inch an undue and im~ 
+>roper mixture of Engli/Io and Latin , of 
+ofe and Vcrfe : but farther, to make it 
+til more plain and familiar, and there- 
+y better fuited to their capacity, and 
+i inore proper for their ufe, fuch ambi- 
+t |guous expreilions and obfcure phrafes 
+lave been removed, and fuch perplexed 
+periods rectified, as had been found to 
+Icitufe either mifunderftanding of the 
+[jauthor’s meaning, or to lead the fcholar 
+into barbarifm, in rendering any part 
+jof it into Let in , when fuch tranflations 
+|have been impofed as a talk. And, 
+laftly, a complete and fignificant Index, 
+|inftead of a verbal one before, has been, 
+added to this impreflion, whereby any 
+(thing material in the whole Book may 
+be readily found out ; the ufefulnefs of 
+which need not be mentioned here, fince 
+the want of it in all former editions has 
+been hitherto fo much (and fo juftly) 
+plained of by mod; of thole Mailers 
+
+who have made ufe hereof in their 
+fchools. 
+
+
+Andrew Tooke, 
+
+
+Charter-houfe, ^ 
+'June 30. 1713 
+
+
+CONTENTS 
+
+
+(The approach of the Pantheon 
+
+
+Page x 
+
+
+PART i: 
+
+__ 
+
+9 £ the Celeftial or Heavenly Gods 
+lie Celeftial GoddefTes 
+
+
+s 'i 
+
+
+PART. II. 
+
+
+,^f the Terreflrial or Earthly Gods 
+he Terreflrial GoddefTes 
+'he GoddefTes of the Woods 
+'he Nymphs 
+Tihe Inferior Deities 
+
+
+10 
+
+
+137 
+
+166 
+
+207 
+
+221 
+
+22 6 
+
+
+
+ii 
+
+
+
+PART. III. 
+
+f the Marine Gods, or Gods of the Sea 
+he Monflers of the Sea . - . • 
+
+PART IV. 
+
+
+f the Infernal Deities 
+he Fates 
+
+Tie Furies - - 
+
+'he Judges of Hell 
+
+he mofl famous of the condemned in Hell 
+?lhe Monfters of Hell 
+he Elyfian Fields.. 
+
+FART V. 
+
+
+
+f - 
+
+
+v- 
+« '1 
+
+
+PART VIj 
+
+f the Adfcriptitious Gods., 
+Heroes 
+
+n Appendix of the Virtues 
+have been deified* ■* 
+
+
+229 
+
+237 
+
+
+^43 
+
+254 ; 
+
+2 59 * 
+
+260 
+
+267 - 
+27 2_ 
+
+
+if the. Subordinate and, Miscellaneous Deities 274. 
+
+
+Demi Gods, and 
+
+299 
+
+and Vices which . 
+
+- - 337 ; 
+
+
+
+
+.v • v 
+
+
+
+
+OF THE 
+
+
+GODS 
+
+
+«F THE 
+
+
+HEATHENS 
+
+
+CHAi>. L 
+
+% 
+
+The approach to the F antheon* ‘The Original 
+
+of Idolatry. 
+
+P A'LIEO PHIL US. 
+
+V/Sfort of building is that before us, of 
+\ \ fo unufual a figure ? For I think it is rounds 
+jnlefs the diftance deceives my fight. 
+
+Myflagogus* You are not deceived. It is a place 
+veil deferving to be vifited in this the Queen of 
+fities. Let us go and view it before we go to any 
+ither place. 
+
+P. What is itfe name ? 
+
+M- The bahu tons Pantheon. That is*, the 'Temple 
+f the Heathen Go.dr, which the fupcrflitious folly 
+f all mefl hath feigned, either through a grofs ig- 
+lorande of the true and only Goi), or through a 
+eteltable contempt of him. 
+
+P. What ivas the occafion of the feigning fo 
+pany Gods ? 
+
+A Mo Many 
+
+
+a 
+
+# * 
+
+
+Q/ Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+
+ikf. Many caufes may be afligned for it; but 
+thefe a four were the principle ones, upon which, 
+as upon fo many pillars, the whole frame of the 
+fabric depends. 
+
+1. The firft caufe of idolatry was the extremef 
+folly b and vain glory of men , who liaVe denied to 
+him, who is the inexhaufted fountain of all good, 
+the honours, which they have attributed to muddy 
+Hreams : digging c as the holy prophet complains, 
+to them,'elves broken and dirty cijlerns , and negleeti?ig 
+and for fa king the mo/i pure fountain of living waters • 
+It ordinarily happened after this manner d : If any I 
+one did excel in flature of body ; if he was en- 5 
+dued with greatnefs of mind, or noted for clear- 
+nefs of e wit, he firfc gained to himfelf the admi¬ 
+ration of the ignorant vulgar ; which admiration 
+was by degrees turned into a profound refpedt; till 
+at length they paid him greater honours than men 
+ought to receive, and aferibed the man into the! 
+number of the gods ; whilft the more prudent were| 
+either carried away by the torrent of the vulgar 
+opinion, or were .unable, or at leafl afraid, to ref ft 
+it. 
+
+2. 'Ibe fordid flattery of fubje&s toward their 
+princes was a fecond caufe of idolatry. For, to 
+gratify their vanity, to flatter their pride, and to 
+foothe them in their felf-conceit, they ere£!ed altars,^ 
+■and fet the images of their princes on them ; to 
+which they offered incenfe, as they did to their 
+Gods f ; and many times alfo while they were yet| 
+
+living. 
+
+3. A third caufe of idolatry was an s ir?? moderate^ 
+love of immortality in manj , who fludied to attain 
+
+
+a Vid. Etifeb. Da&ant Clem. Auguil Plat. Cic. b Sap£ 
+xiv. 14. c Jercm. ii. 13 d Diodor, lib i*». Plutarch, in I.y " 
+fand. c Val. Max. 1 . 8. c. ult. Cic.de rep. apud Aug 3. de civ 
+cap. 15. f Athen. lib. 6 . Deipnofoph. cap 6 . de Demetri 
+JPoliorcete fiuetM m Julio, c. 76, & $4. g PonUO, 1 # J c. 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens • 
+
+
+3 
+
+
+Tit, by leaving effigies of themfelves behind them ; 
+agining that their names would be Hill preferved 
+om the power of death and time, fo long as they 
+ved in brafs, or, as it were, breathed in living fta- 
+es of marbleafter their funerals. 
+
+4. b prepoflerous de..re of perpetuating tlje we¬ 
+aries of excellent and ufefnl men to future ages , was 
+e fourth caufe of idolatry. 1 For, to make the 
+emory of fuch men eternal, and their names im~ 
+ortal, they made them Gods, or rather called 
+hem fo. 
+
+P. But who was the firfl contriver and affierter 
+►f falfe Gods ? 
+
+M. k Ninus, the firftking of the Affiyrians, was, 
+s it is reported j who, to render the name of his 
+'ather Belus, or Nimrod, immortal, worfhipped 
+im with divine honours after his death, 
+p. When and in what manner do they fay that 
+happened ? 
+
+M. I will tell you. When Ninus had con- 
+uered many nations far and nsar, and built the 
+ity called, after his name, Nineveh; he in a public 
+affembly of the Babylonians, extolled his fa¬ 
+ther Belus, the founder of the city and empire of 
+Babylon, beyond all meafure, as his manner was: 
+and reprefented him not only worthy of perpetual 
+honour among all pofterity, but of an immortality 
+alfo among the Gods above: then he exhibited a 
+
+llatue of him that was curioufly and neatly made, 
+
+• * # # 
+
+to which he commanded them to pay the fame re¬ 
+verence that they would have given to Belus alive; 
+and, appointing it to be a common fanfhuary to 
+the miferable, Jie ordained, that if at anytime an 
+offender (hould fly to this ftatue, it ihould not be law¬ 
+ful to folxe him away from thence to punifhment 
+
+A 2 Thi. 
+
+
+h Thucydid. 1 . 7. Plutarch. Apophth. Lacan. 4. Cic. J. 
+I>eor. 1. Sap. 14, 15. i Vid, Annul. Salian, anno sooo. 
+m Ez e ch. & in Ofcu.ni, 
+
+
+de nut. 
+kHier. 
+
+
+
+4 Of the Cods, o f the hica then t* 
+
+This privilege eaflly procured fo great a vehexU* 
+tion to the dead prince, that he was thought more 
+than a mail; and therefore was created a God , and 
+called Jupiter ; or, as others write, Saturn of Ba¬ 
+bylon ; where a moil magnificent temple was erected 
+to him by his foil, and dedicated, with variety of 
+lacriflces, in the two-thoufandth year of the world, 
+which was the lait year but one of the life of 
+ISToah, And from thence, as from a peflilentiah 
+head, the facrilegious plague of idols palled, by aj 
+kind of contagion, into other nations, and difperfedj 
+itfelf every where about. j 
+
+p. What ! did all other nations of the world, 
+worfhip Belus ? j 
+
+AT. All indeed did not worfliip Belus : hut, af~, 
+ter this beginning of idolatry, feveral nations form-1 
+rxl to themfelves feveral gods; receiving into that! 
+number net only mortal ^nd dead men, but brutes 
+alio; and, which is a greater wonder, even the molt 
+mean and pitiful inanimate things. For it is evi-j, 
+dent, from the authority of innumerable writers, 
+that the Africans xvorfhipped the heavens as a God; ; 
+the Perftans adored fire, water, and the winds; the \ 
+Libyans, the fun and moon; the Thebans, fheepjj 
+and weafels ; the Babylonians of Memphis, a whale ; { 
+the inhabitants of Mendes, a goat; the Theflalians, i 
+fiorks; the Syro-Phcfcnicians, doves; the Egyp-;i 
+tians, dogs, cats, crocodiles, and hawks; nay, leeks, \t 
+onions, and garlic. Which moil fenfelefs folly | 
+1 Juvenal wittily expofes. 4 
+
+P. But certainly the ancient inhabitants and;!' 
+wife citizens of Rome did not fo fottifhly re- 
+ceive thofe images of vain Gods, as thofe bar-1 
+barous nations did, to whom they were fuperior,. 
+
+not ; 
+
+
+
+1 OsfanHas grtitet quibus I:etc nafeuntur in Lorlis numitia . 
+R'Jigious nations lure, and blefs’d abodes. 
+
+Where evVy orchard is o’er-run with Gods. 
+
+Juv, iib. v. ver. 
+
+
+
+
+#r 
+
+v*. 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+r 
+
+
+4 : 
+
+• • I 
+
+•» 
+
+• « 
+
+l 
+
+•??> 
+
+ft 
+
+
+I; 
+
+
+0 /" the Gods of the Heathens. 5 
+
+at in arms only and humanity, but in v/it and 
+udgment. 
+
+A /. You are miftaken, Sir, for they exceeded 
+yen thofe barbarians in this fort of folly. 
+
+P. Say you fo ? 
+
+M. Indeed* For they reckoned among their 
+ods, and adored, not only beads and things void 
+of all fenfe; but, which is far greater madnefs, 
+hey worlhippedalfomurderers, adulterers, thieves, 
+'drunkards, robbers, and fuch like pells of man- 
+ind. 
+
+P. How many and what kinds: of Gods did the 
+Romans worfhip ? 
+
+AT. It is fcarce pofiibfe to recount them;' when, 
+elides their own country Gods and family Gods, 
+[all flrange Gods that came to the city were made 
+free of it. Whence it came to pafs, in time, that, 
+when they faw their precindls too narrow to con¬ 
+tain fo many, neceility forced, them to fend their 
+Gods into colonies,, as they did their men. But 
+rhefe things which I curforily tell you, you will 
+fee more conveniently and pleafantly by and by, with 
+your own eyes, when you come into this Pantheon 
+with me; where we aye now at the door. Let us 
+enter. 
+
+
+. .* 
+
+
+sr. 
+
+
+» -V 
+
+
+
+
+:v 
+
+
+W 1 
+
+U i 
+
+h 
+
+
+
+
+m 
+
+
+!'* -. 
+
+
+r#.' 
+
+
+\ m *. 
+
+
+CHAP. II. 
+
+The Entrance into the Pantheon. A Di/Iri- 
+billion of the Gods into feveral Clajfes . 
+
+G OOD God \ ■what a crowd of dead deities 
+
+is here, if all thefe are deities whofe figures 
+fee painted and deferibed upon the walls ! 
+
+M. This is the fmalleft part of them. For the 
+ery waf-s of the city, although it be fo large, 
+luch lefs the walls of this temple, cannot contain, 
+ven their titles. 
+
+Al 
+
+
+F. Were 
+
+
+
+
+
+# 0 / the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+P. Were all thefe Gods of the fame order an: 
+
+dignity ? j 
+
+M .. By no means. But as the Roman Peopii 
+were diflributed into three ranks ; namely, of m fena 
+tors or noblemen, knights or gentlemen, plebeian 
+<pr citizens ; as alfo into n noble, new-raifed, and igj 
+noble, (of which the new-raifed were thofe wbj 
+did not receive their nobility from their anceftois 
+but obtained it themfelves by their own virtue) 
+fo the Roman Gods were divided, as it were, inti 
+three claffes. 
+
+The lirft clafs is of 0 Superior Gods; for t’r, 
+people paid to them a higher degree of worlhijj 
+becaufe they imagined that thefe Gods were morl 
+eminently employed in the government of tlii] 
+world. Thefe were called alfo p Seleti $ becauij 
+they had always had the title of Celcjiiol Gods, an! 
+were famous and eminent above others of extra 
+ordinary authority and renown. Twelve of theJ 
+were flyled q Gnjifentes ; becaufe, in affairs of giea 
+importance, Jupiter admitted them into his council 
+The images of thefe were fixed in the Forum \ 
+Rome : Six of them were males, and fix females j 
+commonly, without other additions, called till 
+'Twelve Gods j and whofe names Ennius comprifJ 
+in a r diflich. | 
+
+Thefe twelve Gods were believed to prefidl 
+*ver the twelve months j to each of them wa 
+
+allotel 
+
+
+m Patricii, Equiccs, & Plebeii. n Nobiles, Novi, & Igr: 
+biles. Cic. pro Mu ran . o Dii majorum gentium. p SeleC; 
+q Confentes, quafi Confcntientes. Senec. 1 . 2.. Quaift. Ki 
+Lucian, dial, de Deorum concil. Plaut. in Epidico.. 
+
+r Juno, Vefta, Minerva, Ceres, Diana, Venus, Mars, Mf 
+curius, Neptunus, Jupiter, Vulcanus, Apollo. 
+
+Detnpjler , Par a Up , ad c, 3. 
+
+In pofleriore hoc verfu alii legunt Jovis, non Jupiter ; Sc in 
+lins, meo jiulieio: olim enim Jovis, in hominativo dicebatur, elii 
+metri gratia, ultima Iitcru.. JPoGn., Antiq. lib. 2 f 
+
+
+r 
+
+
+» r • 
+
+i *4 
+
+
+9 4 • 
+
+4 •. 
+
+& 
+
+# 
+
+K . 
+
+
+
+
+I Of the Gods of the Heathens . 7 
+
+allotted a month: January to Juno, February to 
+Neptune, March to Minerva, April to Venus, 
+May to Apollo, June to Mercury, July to Jupiter, 
+Auguft to Ceres, September to Vulcan, Oiloher 
+to Mars, November to Diana, December to. Vella, 
+s They like wife prelided over the twelve celeiiml 
+figns. And if to tliefe twelve Dii Confentes you 
+add the eight following, Janus, Saturnus, Genius, 
+Sol, Pluto, Bacchus, Tellus, and Luna, you will 
+have* twenty, that is, all the felecl Gods, 
+
+The fecond clafs contains the Gods of lower 
+rank, and dignity, who were flyled Dii Min ovum 
+Gentium ; becaufe they Ihine with a lefs degree of 
+glory, and have been placed among the Gods, as 
+r Tully fays, by their own merits Whence they 
+are calledalfo u ridfcriptitii, AT-nufculari 2. * Putatitii y 
+and y Indigetes ; becaufe now they wanted nothing; 
+or becaufe, being tranflated from this earth into 
+heaven, they converfed with the Gods ; or 
+fixed, as it were, to certain places committed pe¬ 
+culiarly to their care, they dwelt in them to per¬ 
+form the duty entrulled to them z .- Thus .ZEneas 
+was made a God by his mother Venus, in the 
+manner deferibed by Ovid a . 
+
+The Gods of the third and lower clafs, are 
+
+A 4. fome- 
+
+• • 
+
+S 21 -fauz/ii. AJlron. 1 . %. t De JVatura Deorum^ 1 . 2 » U J r ar. 
+apud Auguji. x Lucian, dial de Dear, cone . y Indigetes quod nul • 
+lius rei indigerent, quod in diis agerent, vel quod in lis (fc % locis),* 
+degerent. Serv. in tz JEn. z X>iv. 1 . x, 
+
+a “ Luftratum genitrix divino corpus odore 
+“ Unxit, & ambrofia cum dulci nedtare mixta 
+“ Contigit os, fecitque Deum, quem turba Quirjni 
+“ Nuncupat indigetem, temploque, arifque recepit.” 
+
+His mother then his body purify’d. 
+
+Anoints with facred odours, and his lips 
+In nedtar mingled with ambrolia dips; 
+
+So deify *d; which Indiges Rome calls, 
+
+Jionour’d with altars, lhrincs, and fellivals. 
+
+Ldetam. 1. 24 
+
+
+
+8 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens f 
+
+
+fometimes called b Minutl , Hefei, and MifctUanem 
+but more ufually c Semones , whofe merits Were! 
+not fufHcient to gain them a place among the cell 
+leftial Gods ; yet their virtues were fuch, that thegjj 
+people thought them fuperior to mortal men. They*; 
+were called d Patellarii , from certain fmajl e diihes,| 
+in which the ancients offered to the Gods theii|| 
+facrihces ; of which f Ovid makes mention. p 
+
+To thefe we ought to adjoin the Gods called! 
+£ A T ovetifiles, which the Sabines brought to Rome! 
+by the command of king Tati us; and which wereff 
+fo named, as fome fay, becaufe they. h were latefl j 
+of all reckoned among the Gods; or becaufe they| 
+were 1 prelidents over the changes, by which thel 
+things of this world fubfift. Circius bel-ieves theni;| 
+to have been the f range Gods of conqitered nations ,*j|| 
+whereof the numbers were fo vaft, that it was " 
+thought lit to call them all in general k Nonvenf/es , 
+left they ihould forget any of them. And, laftly, to 
+
+•this clafs alfo mult we refer thofe Gods and God- 
+
+* 
+
+defies by whofe help and. means, as 1 Tully fays, 
+men are advanced to heaven, and obtain a place 
+among the Gods; of which fort are the principal 
+Virtues, as we fhall particularly fhew in its pro¬ 
+per place. 
+
+CHAP; 
+
+
+I 
+
+
+• 
+
+
+
+
+b Horat. 1 . 3, carm, c Semcnes vulgo dicebantur quad Semi- 
+timr.-ies, antiqui enim hotj:incm dicebant bemouem. Ap Guther. 
+1 . i. cap. 4. de jur. man. JLipf. 1 . 2. ant. letSh 2. 18. d Plautus 
+in Cillcl. e Fulgent. Placid ad Chalcid. 
+
+
+f Fcrt tnijfos Veji<£ pur a patella cibos . Ovid. Faft 1 . 6 » 
+
+To Vefta’s deity with humble mefs. 
+
+In cleanly difh ferv’d up, they now addrefs. 
+
+g Liv. 1 . 8. Varro de I.ingua Lat. h Quod novifTimi om¬ 
+nium inter Ueos numerati lint, i Novitatuni pradldes, quod 
+omnia novitatc conitent aut redintegrentur. Apud GyraU 
+Synt. X . k Arnob.. 3. ;;dv, Gent^s. 1 De Nat. Deor. I. 2, 
+
+
+> . 
+
+* ; 
+
+I 
+
+
+»■ 
+
+
+**• • 
+"tt. 
+If’- 
+I* v 
+
+•J. 
+
+■H 
+• ./• 
+
+r. i 
+
+i 
+
+% -I 
+sr t . 
+
+f 
+
+4 
+
+•• w 
+
+
+4 
+
+
+b . 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathen 's . 
+
+
+9 
+
+
+
+
+CHAP. III. 
+
+View of the Pantheon. ■ A more commodi¬ 
+ous Divi/io?i of the Gods . 
+
+Caft my eyes very eurioufly every where' 
+about me, and yet I do not fee the three claftes 
+|of the Gods which you have juft now deferibed. 
+
+I ikf. Becaufe there is made here another and more 
+
+1 convenient divifton of them, which we will follow- 
+alfo, if you pleafe, in our difeourfe. 
+
+P. How can I deny myfelf that moft ufefuh 
+|pleafure which I lliall reap from your con vena¬ 
+tion ? 
+
+M. You fee that the three claftes which I men- 
+|tloned to you are here divided into fix, and painted 
+upon the feveral parts of the Pantheon, i. You 
+fee the celeftial Gods and Goddeftes upon an arch- 
+2 * The ter reft rial, upon the wall on the right- 
+Ihand. 3. The marine and river Gods, upon the • 
+wall of the left. 4. The Infernal, on the lower 
+apartment by the pavement-., y. The Miimti, or 
+Semones, and Milcellanei, before you. 6. The 
+Adfcriptitii and Indigetes,- behind you. Our dif~ 
+courfe fhall likewife confift of fix parts ; in each* 
+of which I fhall lay before you whatfoever I have 
+found moft remarkable amongft the beft authors - 
+upon this fubjedl, if fo be you can bear with my 
+talkativenefs. 
+
+P. Sir, you jeft when you call if talkativenefs ^ 
+Can any difeourfe be more pleafant to me ? 
+
+Tip. Then, fince it- pleafes you, let us fit down- 
+er. a while: and fince the place is free from 
+all- company, we will take a deliberate view of the 
+whole army of Gods, and infpe&'them one afteir 
+another, beginning, as is fit, with the Celeftial, 
+
+A 5 - and- 
+
+
+to geth 
+
+in 
+
+
+IO 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens .. 
+
+
+is 
+
+
+and To with Jove, according to the diredtion of th 
+poet ra . 
+
+
+CHAP. IV. 
+
+
+Sect. I. Of the Celeftial Deities/ Jupiter, 
+
+His Image • 
+
+Mm r I THE Gods commonly called the Gelefiai s 
+
+1 are thefe that follow : Jupiter, Apollo 
+Mars, Mercury, and Bacchus. The Celeflia 
+Goddefies are Juno, Vella, Minerva or Pallas 
+Venus, Luna, and Bellona. We will begin wit! 
+Jupiter, the king of them all. 
+
+P. Where is Jupiter ? 
+
+M. Look up to the arch. You may eafily kno\ 
+liim by his habit; He is n the father of Gods am 
+king of men, whom you fee fitting on a throne 
+of ivory and gold, under a rich canopy, with a 
+beard, holding thunder in his right-hand, which 
+he brandifhes againfl the giants at his-feet, whom 
+he formerly conquered. His fceptre, they fay, is 
+made of cyprefs, which is a fymbol of the eter¬ 
+nity of his empire, becaufe that wood is free from 
+corruption °. On his fceptre fits an eagle, either 
+becaufe he was brought up by it p , or heretofore 
+an ea^le, refling upon his head, portended his reign; 
+or becaufe in his wars with the giants q , an eagle 
+brought him. his thunder, and thence received the 
+title of fupiter's Hrmour-bearer r . He wears gol¬ 
+den fhoes, and an embroidered- cloak, adorned 
+with various flowers and figures of animals; which 
+
+Diony fms 
+
+
+m Ab Jo'veprlncipium mufce-: Jonh omnia plena* 
+
+From the great father of the Gods above 
+
+My mufe begins; for all is full of Jove. Virg. Eclog, 3. ’ 
+
+n Divum pater atque hominum rex. Virg. JEn, I. Paulan. in 
+Ellace. Lucian de Sacrif. o Apud'Laert. 1 . 8. p Majro. ap. 
+Com. q Serv. in JEn, 2, r Jovis Armiger, Vir. JEn, 5. 
+
+
+
+
+1C. I 
+
+Ir M 
+
+
+
+
+l* 
+
+
+r» 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+' '4 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+
+ir 
+
+
+ionyfius the tyrant, as is faid, took from him 
+n Sicily, and giving him a woolen cloak inflead 
+f it, faid, 5 That that would he 77 iore co 7 ivenie?it for 
+im in all feafons % fnce it was warmer in the winter y 
+71 d much fighter in the fummet Yet let it not 
+eem a wonder to you, if by chance you Ihould 
+ee him in another place in another drefs: for he 
+s wont to be decked in feveral fafhions, according 
+o the various names he affumes, and according to 
+he diverfity of the people amongft whom he is 
+orfhipped. Particularly you will fmile when 
+r ou fee him among the c Lacedaemonians without 
+ars; whereas the Cretans are fo liberal to him in 
+his particular, that they give him four. So much 
+Iffor the figure of Jupiter. For if it were my defign 
+o fpeak of his flatue, I fhould repeat here what 
+Verrius fays, that his face upon holidays ought to 
+e painted with vermilion ; as the flatues of the reft 
+f the Gods alfo ufed to be fmeared with ointments, 
+nd adorned with garlands, according to an obfer- 
+ation of Plautus x . 
+
+Jr*. Was the power of darting thunder and light-- 
+ing in the hands of Jupiter only ? 
+
+M, The y Hetrurians teach us, that this 
+ower was committed to nine Gods ; but to 
+hich of them it does not plainly appear. Some, 
+efides Jupiter, mention Vulcan and Minerva; 
+here the plirafe, Mmervaies ma?iubice, fignities 
+hunder, (as the books of thofe ancient Hetrufci 
+|called ftrokes of thunder mantihias), becaufe the. 
+
+oxious conflellation of Minerva is the caufe of 
+tempefls in the vernal equinox. z Others fay, 
+that thunder was alfo attributed to Juno,-to Mars,, 
+land to the South-wind; and they reckon up feveral 
+kinds of thunders ; P'ulndiuPy Peremptalia , Pejlifera , 
+
+A 6 Popularia , 
+
+s Cicero de Nat. Deor. 1 . 3. t Plut. de Ofir. & Ifid. 11 Ap, 
+Guthcr. de Jur. Man. Plin. ]. 33. cap. 7. x In Afinar. y Plin, 
+1 * 1. c. 51. Serv. 1. & 2. JEn. 2 Serv. 8. ^En. a Plin. b 
+c * 43 * 5* : Amm. Marcel. I. ■%* ■ 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+12 Of the Gods of the Rea thefts. 
+
+Popularia , Pcrverfa, Refiovativa y OJlentatoria, Clara] 
+Fa miliaria y Bruta , Confiliana . But die Romans 
+commonly took notice of no more than two ; the 
+b Diurnal thunder, which they'attributed to Jupi¬ 
+ter ; and the c Notdurnal, which they attributed to 
+Summanus, or Pluto. Now let us go. on to Jupi¬ 
+ter’s birth. 
+
+Sect. II- Jupiter 1 s defcetit and education. 
+
+P. "1'f THO were Jupiter’s parents ? 
+
+W At.. One anfwer will not fully fatisfy 
+this one queftion, fince there is not one Jupiter., 
+but many, who. are fprnng from different families. 
+a Phojewho are [killed i?i the Heathen mythology reck - 
+on up three Jupiters ; of which the frjl arid fecond 
+•were born m Arcadia* 'Ihe father of the one was 
+jEther, from whom Proferpine and Liber are faid to 
+be horn. fhe father of the other was Ccelus ; he is 
+faid to have begot Alincrva . Phe third was a Cretan, 
+the Son of Saturn , whofc tomb is yet extant i?i the 
+i/ 7 e of Crete*. But Varro reckoned 1 up three hund¬ 
+red Jupiters f : and others reckon aimoffc an innu¬ 
+merable company of them; for there was. hardly 
+•any nation which did not worffiip a Jupiter of their 
+own, and luppofe him to be born among themfelves. 
+But of all thefe, the moft famous Jupiter, accord¬ 
+ing to the general opinion, is he whole mother 
+yras Ops, and whofe father was Saturn ; to whom 
+therefore all that the poets fabuloufly wrote about 
+the other Jupiters, is ufually aferibed. 
+
+P. Where and by whom was this Jupiter edu¬ 
+cated ? 
+
+AI. He was educated where he was horn, that 
+is, upon the mountain Ida in Crete; but by whom, 
+the variety of opinions is wonderful s . For fomfc 
+
+affirm,. 
+
+. _ . , _ 1 _ , . . _ _ m , — |.... »"l 
+
+b Ktpou/vjfloXice vuK.'rtgjfctty xigctvvofioXio. r,u,t(>iKtx.. 
+
+c Ex Guthcr. de jur. Man. lib. I. e. 3. d Tully de Nat. Deor, 
+L 3. e Apud Auguft. de Civic. f Eu£eb«.C«f. 1 . a-pr^ep, Evang> 
+g Vid. Nat. Com. in Jove. 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens.. 
+
+
+*3* 
+
+
+
+
+ffi'rm,. that he was educated by the Curetes and- 
+orybantes, fome fay by the nymphs; and fome 
+y Amalthsea, the daughter of MelilTus king of 
+rete. Others,, on the contrary, have recorded,, 
+hat the bees fed him with honey. Others, that 
+goat gave him milk. Not a few fay that he was. 
+ourilhed by doves; fome by an eagle ; many by a 
+ear. And further, it is the opinion of feme 
+onceming the aforefaid Amalthpea, that fhe was 
+ot the daughter of MelilTus, as we now mention- 
+d; but the very goat which fucklcd Jupiter, 
+yliofe h horn, it is faid, he gave afterxvards to his 
+urfes ; with this admirable privilege, that wholo- 
+ver polTefTed it, fhould immediately obtain every 
+:hing that he deli red. They add betides, that at- 
+er this goat was dead, Jupiter took her Ikin and- 
+nade a fhield of it, with w T hich he lingiy combat-- 
+d the giants; whence that fhield was called 
+rom a Greek word which fignifies a Jhe-gcat; 
+which at lull he reltored to life again,, and, giving^ 
+ler a new Ikin, placed her amongit the celellial^- 
+onftellations.. 
+
+Sect. Ill* Exploits of fupke?\ 
+
+. 'T'irTHKN Jupiter was grown a- man, what 
+V V did he perform worthy of memory P 
+AT. He overcame in war the Giants and the 
+itans, (of whom we fhal! fay more when we 
+peak of Saturn); and alfo delivered his father 
+iaturn from impriibnment; but afterwards depofed 
+im from the throne, and banifhed him, because 
+e formed a confpiracy againfl himand then 
+vided the paternal inheritance with his two bro— 
+ers, Neptune and Pluto ; as more largely will 
+e lliewn in its proper place, when we fpeak of* 
+acli of them apart. In fine, he fo affiflcd and 
+bliged all mankind by the great favours 3 *e 
+
+did. 
+
+
+’1. 
+
+
+h Cornu Am althaea;, i A?ro r£s x'iyos«- 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+54 Of the Gods of the Heathens • 
+
+did, that he not only thence obtained the name of 
+k Jupiter, but he was advanced alfo to divine ho¬ 
+nours, and was efteemed the common fit her both of 
+Gods and men. Anion ff ft foine of liis moft illuftrious 
+
+O 
+
+actions, we ought to remember the dory of Lycaon. 
+For, when Jupiter had heard a report concerning 
+the wickednefs and great impiety of men, it is faid, 
+that he defeended from heaven to the earth, to know 
+the real truth of it ; and that, being come into the 
+houfe of Lycaon, king of Arcadia, where he de¬ 
+clared liimfelf to be a-God, whilft others were pre¬ 
+paring facrilices for him, Lycaon derided him : Nor 
+did he ftop here ; he added an abominable wicked¬ 
+nefs to his contempt ; and being deftrous to try 
+whether Jupiter was a God as he pretended, he 
+kills one of his domeftic fervants, and roafts and 
+boils the he ill of him, and lets it on the table as a 
+banquet for Jupiter; who, abhoring the wretch’s 
+barbarity, 1 hrccl tlie palace with lightning, and 
+turned Lycaon into a wolf. 
+
+P. Are there no exploits of his ? 
+
+M. Yes, indeed 1X1 ; but they are very lewd and 
+difhonourable: I am almoft afhamed to mention them. 
+For, was there any kind of lewdnefs of which he 
+was not guilty, or any mark of infamy that is hot 
+branded upon his name ? I will only mention a few 
+actions of this fort among many. 
+
+1. In the lhape of a crow”, he ruined his lifter 
+Juno, who was born at the fame birth with him,, 
+deluding her with promil'es of marriage: And 
+how many women does that pretence delude even 
+now ? 
+
+2. He violated tliechaftity of Danae, the daugh¬ 
+ter of Acrifms, king of the Argives, though her 
+father had fhut her up in a tower, becaufe the 
+oracle had foretold that he Ihould be (lain by his 
+
+grandfon; 
+
+fe Jupiter, quafi juvans pater. Cic. a. .de Nat. Deor. 1 Ovid, 
+Met. 1 . I. m Apollon. 4. Argon, n Loroth. 2, Metasn* 
+
+
+
+
+I Of the Gods of the Heathens «v 15" 
+
+grandfon: For, changing Kimfelf into a ° fliower of 
+gold, he flid down through the roofs and tiles of 
+[ the place into the lady’s lap. And, indeed, what 
+S place is there fo fortified and guarded into which 
+! love cannot find a pafTage ? Is there any heart fo 
+hard and ftubborn, that money ,cannot foften it ? 
+What way is not fafe, what pafTage is not open,. 
+what undertaking is. impoflible p , to a God who 
+turns himfelf into money to make a purchafe ? 
+
+3. He corrupted q Leda, the wife of Tendarua 
+king of Laconia, in the fimilitude of a fwan : Thus 
+a fair out-fide often veils the fouleft temper, and 
+is a beautiful cover to a mofl deformed mind. 
+
+4. He abufed r Antiope, the wife of Lycus, king 
+of Thebes, in the likenefs of a fatyr. 
+
+5. He defiled s Alcmena, the wife of Ampby- 
+trion, in her hufband’s abfence, in the likenefs of 
+Amphytrion himfelf. 
+
+6. He inflamed c fEgina, the daughter of ./Efo-- 
+phus, king of.Boeotia, with love in the fimilitude 
+of fire, (a lively reprefentation of his crime), and. 
+robbed her of her chaflity. 
+
+7. He deflowered u Clytoris, a virgin of Thef-- 
+falia, a great beauty, by turning himfelf into, 
+what ? O ridiculous ! into an ant. And many 
+times, indeed, it happens,, that great mifchiefs. 
+arife from very fmall beginnings.. 
+
+8. He^debauched x Galiflho, the daughter of Ly- 
+caon, king of Arcadia, counterfeiting, which is - 
+very ftrange, the modefty and countenance of 
+Diana. And yet he did not protect her from the 
+difgrace that afterwards followed.. For as fhe 
+began to grow big, and wafhed herfelf in the foun¬ 
+tain with Diana and the other nymphs, her fault, 
+was difcovered, and herfelf fhamefully turned 
+
+
+away 
+
+
+o Ovid. 4. Met. p Converfo in pretium Deo Horai. 3. carm, 
+
+4 Arat. in phsnom. r Ovid. 6 . Metam. s Idem ibid. t Idem 
+
+ibid. u Arnob. ap, Gyr, x Bocat, lib. 5 . de Gen. Deorum, 
+cap. 49t 
+
+
+
+i 
+
+r 
+
+tS Of the Gods of the Heathens-„ ; 
+
+away by Diana firft, then changed by Juno into if 
+Bear. But why do I fay fhamefully ? when her- 
+dilgrace was taken away by Jupiter, who advanced 
+this bear into heaven, and made it a conflellation * 
+which by the Latins is called Urfa Major , and bj 
+the Greeks, He lice. ; 
+
+9. He feat an 7 eagle to fnatch away the pretty 
+boy Ganymede the fon of Xros, as- he hunted.upon 
+the mountain Ida. Ox* rather he himfelf, being 
+changed into an eagle r .took him in his claws, andi 
+carried him up to heav en. He offered the fame;; 
+violence to Afleria, the daughter of Cceus, a young, 
+lady of tlie greatefl modefty, to wliom z he appear-; 
+ed in 'the fnape of an eagle - 7 and when he had ra.; 
+vifhed her, he carried'her away in his talons. 
+
+10. He undid n Europa, the daughter of Agenor, 
+king of Phoenicia, in the form of a beautiful white!, 
+bull, and carried her into Crete with him. See howf 
+many feveral beads a. man refemblcs, who has once; 
+put ofF his mode fly! And by how many various- 
+fables this one truth is represented, that the very) 
+Gods, by pvadfice of impure lull, become brutes !j 
+The bull, in reality, was the'fhip upon which 
+Bull Was- painted, in which Kuropa was 
+away. In like manner, the liorfe Pegaius that was 
+painted upon Belie rephon’s blip, and the rani 
+which was painted oil that of Phryxus and Helle, 
+created ample matter of fief ion for the poets. But 
+to return to our fable: Agenor immediately ordered 5 
+his fon Cadmus to travel, and fearch every where 
+for his filler Huropa; which he did, but could no¬ 
+where find her. Cadraas dared not to return with¬ 
+out: her, becaufe c , by a fentence not lefs unjud 
+
+tO,: 
+
+I 
+
+"* J "" ‘ ' “ r ' --- T - * - * — — — - — 
+
+Sm 
+
+7 v i r g* 5 - -^En. Ovid. Mctam. 10. z Fulgent. Flan. a Ovid. 
+4 . Metain. b Ovid. 3. Mctam.. 
+
+c C.um pater ignarus Cadmo perquircre raptam 
+Imperat, & pocnanx, fi non invenerit, addit 
+Jtxilium, fa< 5 io piu�� &, iccleratus eodem. Id. ib. Bid 
+
+
+
+* 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+
+*t 
+
+
+him than kind to his filler, his father Iiad ba¬ 
+iled him. for ever unlefs he found her. Where- 
+,re he built the city qf Thebes, not far from the 
+ountain Parnaffus : and whereas it happened that 
+is companions that were with him were devoured 
+y a certain lerpent whilft they went abroad to 
+:tch water, he, to avenge their death,, flew that 
+rpent; whofe teeth he took out, and, by the ad-, 
+ice of Minerva, fowed them in the ground ; and 
+ddenly a harveft of armed foldiers lprouted up, 
+ho quarrelling among themfelves, with the fame 
+peed that they grew up, mowed one another down 
+.gain, excepting five only, by whom that.coun¬ 
+ty was afterward peopled*. At length Cadmus 
+nd his wife Hermione, or Harmonia, after much 
+xperience and . many proofs of the inconflancy of 
+fortune, were changed into ferpents. He is faid 
+:o d have invented fixteen of the letters of the 
+
+reek alphabet: cc t /3, y, s, i, r t) x, v, o, p, er, >r, v 9 _ 
+
+hich in the time of the judges of Ifrael, he 
+rought out of Phoenicia into Greece; two hun- 
+red and fifty years, after this,. Palamedes added 
+our more letters, namely, c y <p , in the time o£ 
+lie liege of Troy (although fome. affirm that Epi- 
+harmus invented the letters and %,): and, lix 
+iundred: and. fifty years after the fiege of Troy, 
+imonides. invented the other four letters, namely, 
+
+, Z* Cadmus is alfp faid to have taught the 
+nanner of writing in profc ; and that he was the 
+irfl among the Greeks who confecrated flatues to 
+le honour of the Gods. 
+
+Now the hiftorical meaning of the fable, per- 
+aps, is this*:. Cadmus was in truth king of Sidon, 
+
+by 
+
+
+Rid Cadmus trace and find the ravifil’d fair. 
+
+Or hope no more to breath Phoenician air. 
+
+Both juft and wicked in the fame dcfign; 
+
+The care was pious, but too. great the fine. 
+
+4 >P 1 .^. c. 29. Cref. ip. 24* e Bo chart. %, p. Gcogr. 
+
+
+
+
+
+l8 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+
+I 
+
+
+by nation a Kadmonitc, as his name intimates: c 
+the number of theft- mentioned by IVTofes c . Whic 
+Kadmonites were the fame with the f Hivites, vvh, 
+polTefTed the mountain Hermon, and were themji 
+alfo called (hr/non ri : And fo it came to pafs, th '7 
+the wife of Cadmus had the name of Htr?notnui\ 
+Hei'/iisr, from the fame mountain. And why:j 
+it faid, that Cadmus’s companions were convert*.J 
+into ferpents, unlefs becaufe the word hcvaiis 
+the Syriac language lignifies a ferpent ? Moreoveii 
+another word, of a double ftgnification in the fhn:M 
+language, occaiioned the fable, that armed fo Idl'd 
+ers fp routed from the teeth of the ferpent: For- j 
+e the fame word lignifies both fe*penis teeth 
+br..-xcn /pears, with which h Cadmus fir ft anne.;| 
+his foldiers in Greece, being indeed the invento:| 
+of brafs ; infomuch that the ore, of which Aral's ijl 
+made, is from him even now called Cadmia. Astjl 
+the five foldiers, which are faid to furvive all lh|| 
+reft of their brethren, who fprouted up out of th|| 
+teeth of the ferpent, the fame Syriac word ligniji 
+fies 1 Jive and alfo a man rcaayjor battle , according 
+as it is differently pronounced. Hj 
+
+Sect. IV. 2S/a 7?ies of Jupiter* || 
+
+P. T T O W many names has Jupiter ? m 
+
+11 M* They can hardly be numbered, iijjl 
+
+many were the names which he obtained, ertfeil 
+from the places where he lived or was worflnp|| 
+ped, or from the things that he did. The molrj 
+remarkable I will here let down alphabetically. | 
+The Greeks called him k Hmr/1071 or Hei 7 // 77 /ov M 
+which name fignifies finely . He obtained thill 
+
+name firft in Libya, where he was worflapped un -9 
+der the figure of a ram ; becaufe, when Bacchus 3 
+
+wall 
+
+
+
+# e Gen. 15. ip. f Idem cum Hevxis, Bochart ibid. g Hy* 
+gin. c. 2 . 4. h Plin. 1 . 34. c. 1. 10. i Bochartus ut fuprl 
+k Arenarius Aftpo; ab Arena, Piut. in Oiir. V. Curt. I. 4. 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+
+
+
+as athirfl in the fabulous deferts of Arabia, and 
+plored the afliflance of Jupiter, Jupiter appear— 
+|d in the form of a ram, opened a fountain with 
+is foot, and difcovered it to him. But others give 
+is reafon, becaufe Jupiter in war wore a helmet 
+hofecreft was a ram’s head. 
+
+The Babylonians and Aifyriaiis, whom he go- 
+erned, called him 1 Belus , who was the impious 
+.uthor of idolatry ; and becaufe of the uncer- 
+ainty of his defcent, they believed that he had 
+either father nor mother ; and therefore he was 
+bought the liijt of all Gods : In different places 
+.nd languages he was afterwards called Beef Baal, 
+eelphegor , Bcehzebub , and Bc/xe/uen.. 
+
+Jupiter was called In Ca/ntolinu <•, from the Ca- 
+itoline hill, upon the top whereof he had the 
+firfl temple that ever was built at Rome ; which 
+Tarquin the elder firfl vowed to build, Tarquin 
+the Proud built, and Horatius the conful dedicat¬ 
+ed. He was befides, called 'farpciu.s, from the 
+Tarpeian rock, on which this temple was built. He 
+was alfo flyled 11 Optimus Maxi??ms, from his power 
+and willingnefs to profit all men. 
+
+He is alfo called ° There is in Nero’s 
+
+coins an image of him fitting on his throne, which 
+bears in its rightrhand thunder, and in its left, a 
+fpear, with this infcription, Jupiter Cujlos . 
+
+Anciently, in fome forms of oaths, he was com¬ 
+monly called p Diefpiter) the father of tight ; as 
+we fhall farther remark prefently under the word 
+
+Lapis 3 
+
+
+1 Berof* 1 . 4. Eufcbius, I. I. prsep. Evang. Hier. I. in Cl'cam, 
+
+m O Capitoline, quern, propter beneficia, populus Romanus- 
+Optimum, propter vim. Maximum appellavit. Tull, de Nat'*. 
+Deorum I. 
+
+n Pliu.JLiv. Plut. Tacit 19. 
+o Apul. de mundo. Senec. a, qu.nat. 
+p CJuafi diei pater. Var. ,d.e Lingua Eatina,. 
+
+
+
+<20 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens .. 
+
+
+Lapis ; and to the fame purpofe he was by tlie Crd; 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+tans q called dire<fl 2 y Dies, 
+
+The title of Doclonceus was given him from tli*. 
+city Dodona in Ghaonia, which was fo called fror* 
+Dodona a nym|3h of the fca. Near to whii; 
+city there was a grove facred to Jupiter, plant, 
+ed with oaks, and famous, becaufe in it was thi 
+molt ancient oracle of all Greece. Two dove 
+delivered refponfes there to thofe -tvho confulte: 
+it. Or, as others ufe to £ay r , the leaves of tlb 
+oaks themfelves became voeal, and gave fort 
+oracles. 
+
+He was named s Elicius y becaufe the prayers o: 
+men may bring him down from heaven. 
+
+The name P'erctrius is given him, becaufe c lie 
+fmites his enemies, or becaufe he is the u giver o: 
+peace ; for when a peace was made, the feeptru 
+by which the embaffadors fwore, and the flint*, 
+ftone on which they confirmed their agreement), 
+were fetched out of his temple : or, laflly, becaufe);? 
+after they had overcome their enemies, they v carj v j 
+ried the grand fpoil, (fpcHa opima) to his templed 
+Romulus firft prefen ted fuch fpoils to Jupiter, af-lj 
+ter he had flain Acron king of C'aenina 5 and CoiVg 
+nelius Gallus offered the fame fpoils after he ha<i 
+conquered Tolumnius king of Hetruria; and. 
+thirdly, M;. Marcellus,. when he had vanqirifheuj \ 
+
+Vi rib 
+
+
+v: 
+
+
+q Macrob. in Saturn, ap. Bochart. in Gcogr. 
+r Alex, ab Alex. c. z\ + 
+
+s Quod cxlo praicibns eliciatur : fie Ovid. Fail. 3. 
+
+Eliclnnt ccelo te, Jupiter ; xinde Minores 
+
+Nunc quoque te celebrant, Eliciumque vocant. 
+
+Jove can’t refill the juft man’s cries,. 
+
+They bring him down e’en from the {kies-*, 
+
+Kence lie’s Elicius call’d. 
+
+t A feriendo, quod holies feriat. 11 Vef a ferenda pncf,| 
+
+Fell. v Vcl a ferendi»-fpo]iis opirais in ejus templum-. Biut 
+
+in K.orm Dion. 
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens* 2t 
+
+jiridomarus king of the Gauls, as we read in * Vir«* 
+Thofe fpoils were called opima > which one 
+Ineral took from the other in battle. 
+
+Fulminatory or y Ceraurtius * in Greek Kep*uvio $ 9 is 
+piter’s title, from hurling thunder, which is 
+ought to be llis proper Oifice, if we believe the 
+nets* 
+
+
+•• 
+
+In Lycia they wofIhipped him under the a name 
+G vagus , tgeLTproij \_GrapJios~\ and Genitor » 
+
+In yEgium, about the fea-coails, he is faid to have 
+a temple with the name of b Homogynus • 
+
+At Prsenefte he was Called lm per at or * c There 
+s a rrtofl famous ftatue 6f him there, afterwards 
+inflated to Rome* 
+
+He was called Latialis , d becaufe he was wor- 
+ipped in Latium, a country of Italy ; whence the 
+-atin feftivals are denominated, to which all 
+:ofe cities of Italy tefortedwho deli red to be par¬ 
+sers of the folemnity, and brought to Jupiter 
+eral oblations; particularly a bull was facrifi* 4 
+\d at that time* in the common name of them all* 
+[hereof every one took a part. 
+
+The name Lapis > or, as others write, Lapideus , 
+|as given him by the Romans, who believed, that 
+oath f made in the name of Jupiter Lapis was 
+ie moil folemn of all oaths. And it is derived 
+|ther from the Hone which was prefented to Sa* 
+
+turn 
+
+
+JEn« 6, 
+
+
+|x Tertiaque drma fcatri fufpendet capta Quirino. 
+
+And the third fpoils fliall grace Eeretrian Jove, 
+y Serv. ibid. 
+
+j z Herat. 3. Carm. and Virgil JEn. 1. 
+
+--*——O qui res hominumque Deumque 
+
+.iEternis regis imperils, & fulminc terres. 
+
+O King of Gods and men, whofe awful hand 
+Difperfes tbundet* on the feas and land ; 
+
+Difpenfing all with abfolute command. 
+
+|a Lycophton. b Virg. 1. r. & 4. JEn. 
+
+Paufan, & Hefych. Liv. 6. 
+
+|d Cic. pro Milone, 86. Dion. 1 . 4. 
+
+c Latin® Ferue. f Juramentum per Jovcm Lapidem om* 
+
+ft fandUffimum, Cic. 7. Epift. 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+
+.turn by his wife Ops, who faid it was Jupiter; J 
+which fenfe 5 Eufebius fays, that Lapis reigned k 
+Crete; or from the ftint-ftone which, in makin 
+bargains, the fwearer held in his hand, and faid 
+46 If knowingly I deceive, fo let Diefpiter, faving th 
+46 city and the capitol, call me away from all that’ 
+44 good, as I caft away this ftone h ;” whereupon he 
+threw the Hone away. The Romans had anothei 
+form, not unlike to this, of making bargains ; whic 
+it will not be amifs to mention here: 1 iC If with ev; 
+46 intention I at any time deceive, Upon that dajj 
+44 O Jupiter, fo ftrike thou me, as I fhall this day 
+44 ftrike this fwine; and fo much the more ftrikt 
+44 thou, as thou art the more able and ikilful to 
+44 do it:” whereupon he flruck down the fwine. 
+
+In the language of the people of Campania, h< 
+is called Lucetius , from ///at; and among the La. 
+tins k , Dicf/nto , from dies.. Which names an 
+given to Jupiter, 1 becaufe he cheers and comforts 
+us with the light of the day as much as with lift 
+itfelf; or becaufe he was believed to be the cauft 
+of light m . 
+
+The people of Elis ufed to celebrate him by th 
+title of n 'iiartiui* 
+
+He was alfo called ° Mufrarws y becaufe he drovi 
+away the flies: for when Hercules’s religious exer 
+eifes were interrupted by a multitude of flies, li 
+thereupon offered a facrifice to Jupiter ; which be 
+ing finiilied, all the flies flew away. 
+
+B 
+
+
+
+
+\z 
+
+t-'! 
+
+
+, 
+
+V. 
+
+
+g In Chron. 
+
+h Si feiens lallo, me Diefpiter, falva urbe, areeque, bonis e;i 
+czat, ut ego hunc lapidem. Fcft. ap. I.il. 
+
+i Si dolo malo aliqnando fallam, tu IIlo die, Jupiter, me lie k 
+S*ito, ut ego hunc p or cum hodie feriam; tantoque mag is feriif 
+to uagis po.tes, pollefque. Liv. 1. i. 
+
+1-. Scrv. y.JEn. , 
+
+1 e^uod 110s die ac luce quafi vita ipfa afficcret aC juvaret. A11I 
+Gel. | 
+
+m Feftns. n 'A puos z tvs, Jupiter pngnax. Plut. ic Pyrrb 
+$ *A Kiftvnf, mufcarumabadlor. Paufan. $. Eliac. 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathe?is* 23 
+
+c was named hTicephorus p , that is, carrying 
+ory ; and by the oracle of Jupiter Nicephorus 
+Emperor Adrian was told, that he Ihould be 
+moted to the empire. Livy often mentions him; 
+many coins are extant, in which is the image 
+Jupiter bearing vi<Slory in his hand. 
+
+He was called alfo q Opitulus , or O pit//lot or , the 
+Iper , and Centipede /, from his liability, becaufe 
+lofe things Hand fecure and firm which have 
+; ny feet. He was called Stabilitor and 'liyelltts, 
+caufe he fupports the world. sJ/mus alfo and 
+'uvinvs, becaufe he cheriihes all things ; and Ru- 
+nus , from / utna , which fignifies the nipple, by 
+liicli he nourilhes animals. 
+
+He is alfo named Oly??/pius T , from Olympus, the 
+.me of the mailer who taught him, and of the 
+aven wherein lie refides; or of a city which Hood 
+ar the mountain Olympus, and was anciently 
+lebrated far and near, becaufe there a temple was 
+dicated to Jupiter, and games folemnized every 
+7 C years s . To this Jupiter Olympius, the firll 
+p was facrificed in their feltivals. 
+
+When the Gauls belieged the Capitol, an altar 
+as erected to Jupiter r pillor ; becaufe he put it 
+to the minds of the Romans to make loaves of 
+read, and throw them into the Gauls tents, where¬ 
+upon the fiege was railed. 
+
+The Athenians eredled a llatue to him, and 
+orfliipped it upon the mountain Hymettus, giv- 
+g him in that place the t'tle of u Pluvius. This 
+tie is mentioned by v Tibullus. 
+
+Prcedator 
+
+
+p WixvpSfat, 1 . e Vi( 5 toriam geftans. Ailiun Spart. in Adrian! 
+
+fit a. 
+
+q Quafi opis lator. Fefh Aug. 7. dc Civit. 
+r Puufan. Art. Sc Eliac. JLiv. I. 4. dec. 4. s Polluy. 
+
+t A. pinfendo, Ovid. 6. Faft. JLadt. 1 . 12. L.iv. L5. 
+u Thurnut. in Jovin. 
+
+v Arida ncc Pluvio fupplicat herba Jovi. ' 
+
+Nor the parch’d grafs for rain to Jove doth eaffo 
+
+
+
+*€4 Of Gods of th& Heatht?U. 
+
+Predator was alfo his natne; not becaufe he pro;' 
+fce&ed robbers, but becaufe* oift of all the bootjL’ 
+taken from-the eriemy, otic part was dtie tohim*f 
+For when the Romans went to war, they ufecl to; 
+devote to the Gods a part of die fpoil that thef 
+ihould get ; and for that reafon there was a temple 
+'at Rome dedicated to Jupiter Pracclator* 
+
+He was called §h/iriui/s 9 as appears 
+when he fpeaks of the name Feretrius . 
+
+Rex and Reg?! at or are his common titles in z Vir. 
+sriL Homer, and Ennius^ 
+
+O 7 J _ . 
+
+Jupiter is alfo called Stator a ; which title he flrll 
+had from Romulus, on'this occafion: When Romu¬ 
+lus was lighting with the Sabines, his foldiers be¬ 
+gan to fly ; whereupon Romulus* as b Livy relates, 
+thus prayed to Jupiter, “ O thou father of tlife God; 
+
+and mankind, at this place atleaft drive back the! 
+ci enemy, take away the fear of the Romans, ant!; 
+64 flop their di(honourable flight ; and I vow to 
+build a Temple to thee “Upon the Tame place, that) 
+{ball bear the name of Jupiter Stator , for a mo-! 
+* i nument to pollerlty, that it was from thy immcJ 
+diate afliftance that Rome received its preferva-j 
+tion.” After this prayer the foldiers flopped,I 
+and returning again to the battle, obtained the 
+victory: whereupoh Romulus confecrated a temple 
+to Jupiter Stator-. 
+
+The Greeks called him [Soter J, Servator \. 
+
+the Saviour , becaufe he delivered them from the- 
+
+Medes, 
+
+x Serv. 5, JEn. y Note x. in page 21. 
+
+z Divum Pater atque kominnm Rex. Vir. A in. I, Sc IC. j 
+The father of the Gods, and king of men. 
+
+Snmmi Regnator Olympi. ALa. 7. 
+
+Ruler of the higheft heaven. 
+
+a A ftando vel fiftendo. 
+
+b Tu pater DeOm hominumque, June faltem arce hoflem, d< J 
+ine terrorem Romanis, fiigamque feedam fifte. Hie ego tibi ten:; 
+plum Statori Jovi, quod monumentum fit pofteris tua -prsefcafl 
+<bpe fervatam Urbem tfle, voveo. Liv. 1 . i. 
+c Strabo, J. 9. Arrian, 8. de Gcft. Alcxk 
+
+
+by Virgil] 
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens • 2 ? 
+
+tledcs. Confervator alfo was his title, as appears 
+■rom divers of Diocleiian’s coins, in which his ef- 
+,xrj {lands with thunder brandifhed in his right 
+land, and a fpear in his left; with this iufeription, 
+'.nnfervatori . In others, inftend of thunder, he 
+olds forth a little image of Victory, with this in- 
+
+
+\ s' P -1 * > t t* 
+
+-X. V I *-V I > L 4_ 
+
+
+f ' ' £T± 
+
+J i-JiO 
+
+
+caption, Jovi confer vat art orb is t 4t 
+‘ confervator of the world.” 
+
+The Augurs called 1 " him V'onans a»id Ft/fez;?. 
+nd the emperor Augultus dedicated a temple to 
+im fo called ; wherein was a ilatuc of Jupiter, to 
+/Inch a little bell was fattened c . He is alfo called 
+'aovfcTtS [BroutainsJ by Orpheus ; and by Aupelehis 
+Tunitrt/alis , the thunderer : aiid an it.fciipti.on is 
+:o be feen upon a Hone at Rome, fovl lir^ntonti. 
+
+^ frioculus ToilphtX's.o; £ 7 / / aphthalmos J, was alfo 
+n epithet given him by the Grecians, who thought 
+hat he had three eyes; with one of which he ob- 
+
+w 
+
+jerved the allairs of heaven, with another the af- 
+iiirs of the earth, and with the third lie viewed 
+he lea-affairs. There was a flatuc of him of this 
+ind in Priamus’s palace at Troy ; which, besides 
+he two ufual eyes, had a third in the forehead. 
+
+h Fejovis or I’cjufilter , and Hi dins that is Little 
+iipiter , \vas his title when he was de cribed vith- 
+ut his thunder, viewing angrily fhort fpenrs which 
+e held in his hand : the Romans accounted him a 
+atal and noxious deity; and therefore tlupy wor- 
+nipped him only that he might not hurt them. 
+Agrippa dedicated a pantheon to fit titer Ultor , 
+ie yJvenger^ fit Rome, according to 1 Pliny. 
+
+He was like wife called k X\rns or Hofjd tails ^ 
+ofpitable; becaufe he was thought the author 
+'f the laws and cultoms concerning hofpitality. 
+
+R Wit CISCO 
+
+
+d Cic. de Nat. 1 . 1. e Dio. 1 . 5. f Ap. UI. Gyr. Synt. 2. p. 82* 
+£ Paufan. ap. eundem. h Uic. dc Nat. Dcor. 5. Ovid, in 
+pft. I.5. i Plin. 36. 15. k Scrv. in X. JEn. pro Dciot. Hut. ipi, 
+Dcmoit. Or. delegation. 
+
+
+
+
+2,6 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+
+Whence tlie Greeks call prefents given to Grangers 
+JTenia, as the Latins call them Lautia. 
+
+Ziu$ ‘[Z eusj is the proper name of Jupiter, b 
+caufe he gives life to animals. 
+
+Sect. V. The fgnification of the fable, and zvhat u 
+
+underfood by the name of Jupiter , 
+
+P. OU have told me the dreams of the poets 
+
+about Jupiter ; now, pray Sir, let me knoiv 
+what the hiftorians and mythologifts affirm concern 
+ing him. 
+
+AT. Very willingly. ™ Jupiter was king of Crete, 
+and, according to Eufebius, cotemporary with the 
+patriarch Abraham. This Jupiter depofed his fa¬ 
+ther, and afterwards divided by lot the kingdom 
+with his two brothers Neptune and Pluto. And, 
+becaufe the eaflern part of the country was by lot 
+given to Jupiter, the weflern to Pluto, and the 
+maritime parts to Neptune ; they took occafiun 
+from hence to feign, that Jupiter was the God and 
+king of the heavens, Neptune of the fea, and Pluto 
+of hell. Nay, Jupiter’s name was fo honoured by 
+pofterity, that all kings and princes were from him 
+called Jfrees, and the queens Junones , from Juno the 
+wife of Jupiter. 
+
+Concerning the mythologies, or the interpreters 
+of fables, I ffiall only make this observation. 
+There is in thefe kind of things fuch a vaft diver 
+iity of opinions among them ; and, which is jet 
+%vorfe, the accounts that many of them give are 
+fo vague and trifling, fo incongruous to the very 
+fable which they pretend to explain, that I think 
+it better to write nothing from them, than to 
+trouble the reader with thofe things that will no 
+probably fatisfy him ; which, when I cannot ef¬ 
+fect, I will ixafs the bufinefs over in filence, ai 
+
+
+
+
+1 A tro ; fyor.s Phurnut. de J.*ve. 
+m Apud Salian. in Ann, 8 c Epitome Turfellinh 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens* 27 
+
+^aeave it to every one’s diferetion to devife his own 
+^interpretations. For it is better that he hnnfelf 
+hoidd be the author of his own miflake, than to be 
+ed into it hy another; becaufe a ilij> is more toler¬ 
+able and eafy when we ourfeives fall down, than 
+Ivlien others violently pvilli us down at unawares : 
+yet, whenever the place requires that I muft give 
+$ny expohtion of thele Fables, in order to difeover 
+feme meaning that is not repugnant to common 
+jenfe, I will not be wanting in my duty. By the 
+Jprefent fable, I may julUFy my words; for obferve 
+‘|pnly, how various are mens opinions concerning 
+ijthe lignification of the name Jupiter ^ and you may 
+guefs at the reft. 
+
+The natural philofophcrs many times think that 
+Tl Heaven is meant by the name of Jupiter ; whence 
+^nany authors exprefs the thunder and lightning, 
+'Which come from heaven, by thefe phrafes : Jove 
+onenite . fulgent &cc. and in this fenfe 0 Virgil ufed 
+he word Olympus . 
+
+p Others imagined that the air, and the things 
+that are therein contained, as thunder, lightning, 
+*ain, meteors, and the like, are fignified by the 
+fame name. In which fenfe q Horace is to be un- 
+lerfto.od, when he fays juh Jove, that is, in the 
+peu air. 
+
+Some, on the contrary, call the air Juno , and 
+he lire Jupiter ; by which the air being warmed 
+becomes lit for the generation of things. r Others 
+gain call the iky 'fup<tn\ and the earth Juno , be- 
+aufe out of the earth all things fpring j whicli 
+
+B 2 Virgil 
+
+
+f 
+
+vl 
+
+i 
+
+$ 
+* . 
+
+i 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+n Cic. de Nat. Deor. 2. 
+
+o Panditur interea do >r-s omnipo f entis Olympt, 
+
+N cnu «vhile the gates of heaven unfold. JEn . 10. 
+p Theocr. iLcJ. <■ 
+
+q Jacet fub Jove frigido; id eft. fub Dio # vtcv r:v Ai's. 
+
+•d. 1, r JLucret. 1 . 1. 
+
+
+Hor 
+
+
+4 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+2*8 Of the Gods of the Tieathcns* 
+
+Virgil lias elegantly expreficd in the fecond book 
+.of his Georgies s . 
+
+r Euripides thought fo, when he faid, that the fky 
+ought to be called Jttmmus Dens, 44 the great Gud.' ? 
+
+u Plato’s opinion was different ; for he thought 
+•that the fun was Jupiter: and v Homer, together 
+with the aforefaid Euripides, thinks that he is fate: 
+which fate is, according to x Tully’s definition, 
+44 The caufe from all eternity why fuch things as 
+4-4 were already pah were done ; and why fuch things 
+44 as are doing at prcfcnt be as they are ; and why 
+44 fuch things as are to follow hereafter fhall follow 
+44 accordingly.” In fhort, others by Jupiter under¬ 
+hand the y foul of the world; which is diffufed 
+not only through all human bodies, but likewife 
+through all the parts of the univerfe, as z Virgil 
+poetically deferibes it. 
+
+I do not regard the moral {igniiicationof the fable; 
+that would be an cndlefs labour, and is no part of 
+our prcfcnt bufmefs. It is free, as 1 faid above, for 
+
+every 
+
+% 
+
+0 
+
+s l< Turn pater omnipoteus fcecundi.s imbribus iuther 
+“ Conjugis in premium htt;e doicendit, £: omnes 
+“ Magnus alit, nut^no conmiiflus corpore, feetm--.” 
+
+Tor then th’Almighty Jove defcends, and pours 
+Into his buxom b:idc bis fruitful Ihow’rs. 
+
+And, mixing his large limbs with bet ’s, be feeds 
+Her births with kindly juice, and foilers teeming feeds, 
+t Apt d Cic. tie Nat. u In Ph:ed. -v Odyfl*. 24. 
+
+x Airctna rerum caufa, cur ca qint preterict int f:»6la but *. ik on, 
+cure infant, fiant; & ea, qurc cox.l*cqucntur,futura Tint. Cic. i.ch 
+-jQivinat. 
+
+y A rat. init. Aftron. • 
+
+v. “ Omluni a c. terras, campofquc liquentes, 
+
+ts l.ucentemqiu globum l.uiue, l itaniaque aflra, 
+
+“ Spiritus ictus alit, totamquc infuia per artns 
+tl Aleusagitat molem, ik magno le corpore mi feet.” 
+
+•———The heaven and earth’s compacted frame, 
+
+.And flowing waters, and the Harry frame. 
+
+And both the radiant lights, one common foul 
+Iiifpires, and feeds, and animates the whole. 
+
+'I his active mind, infus’d through all the fpacc, 
+
+^Unites and ming'cs with the mighty rnafs, JEn, C- 
+
+E 
+
+I 
+
+1 
+
+
+
+JM. ID 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
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+Of the Gods of the Heathens• 2g 
+
+every one to think what he pleafes, and, according 
+to the proverb, to abound in his own fejife. 
+
+
+CHAP. V. 
+
+Sect. I. Apollo. His Image . 
+
+* 
+
+P. "O UT what is that a beardlefs youth with long 
+
+hair, fo comely and graceful, who wears a 
+laurel crown, and- thines in garments embroidered 
+•with gold, with a bow and arrows in one hand and 
+a harp in the other ? 
+
+M. It is the image of Apollo, b who is at other 
+times defcribed holding a iliield in one hand, and 
+i the Graces in the other. And, bccaufe he has a 
+1 threefold power, in heaven, where he is called Sol; 
+in earth, where lie’ is named Liber Pater ; and in 
+hell, where he is fly led /Jpolio ; he is ufually paint¬ 
+ed with thefe three things, a harp, a fliield, and ar¬ 
+rows. The harp fhews that he bears rule in hea¬ 
+ven, where all things are full of harmony : the 
+Iliield deferibes his odice in earth, where he gives 
+health and fafety to ter reft rfal creatures ; his ar¬ 
+rows /hew his authority in hell; for lie fends whom-- 
+foever he i trikes with them into hell. 
+
+Sometimes he is painted with a crow and a 
+hawk Hying over his head ; a wolf and a laurel- 
+tree on one fide, and a fwan and a cock cn the 
+other ; and under his feet graihoppers creeping. 
+The crow is facred.to him, becaufe he foretells the 
+jweather, and thews the different changes of it by 
+the clearuofs or hoarfenefs of his \«bice. The fwan 
+is like wife endued with divination; c becaufe, fore- 
+teeing his happinefs in death, he dies with finging 
+
+B 3 and 
+
+a Horat. ad Cullitnach. b Porphyr. de folc. c Cygni non fine 
+confa Apollini dicati funr, quod ab eo divinationem habere vide- 
+2:1 cur, quia praividentes quid in morteboni fit, cum cantu cc volun- 
+
+moriuntur. Tull. Quaj ft. Tufc 1. 
+
+
+3 ° 0 / rf je G°d s °f t& e Heathens. 
+
+and pleafure. The wolf is not unacceptable to him, 
+not only becanfe he fpared his flock when he was a 
+flieplierd, but becaufe the furioufnefs of heat is ex- 
+prefled by him ; and the perfpicuity and fharpnefs 
+of his eyes mofl fitly reprefent the forefight of pro¬ 
+phecy. The laurel tree is of a very hot nature, 
+always flourifhing, and conducing to divination and 
+poetic raptures ; and the leaves of it put under the 
+pillow, was faid to produce two dreams. The hawk 
+has eyes as bright as the fun; the cock foretells his 
+riling ; and the grafhoppers fo entirely depend on 
+him, that they owe their rife and fubfiflence to his 
+heat and influence. 
+
+
+Sect. II. Defcejit of Apollo. 
+
+
+P. "WITTHAT family was Apollo born of? 
+
+M. You fhall know after you have firft 
+heard how many Apollos there were. 
+
+P. Hoxv many ? 
+
+M . Four. The firft and mofl: ancient of them was 
+born of Vulcan ; the feconcl was a Cretan, a fon 
+of one of the Corybautes ; the third was born of 
+Jupiter and Latona ; the fourth was born in Ar¬ 
+cadia, called by the Arcadians Nomicis. d “ But 
+“ though,” as Cicero fays, “ there were fo many 
+“ Apollos, yet all the reft. of them are feldom men- 
+“ tioned ; and all that they did is aferibed to one 
+ec of them only, namely, to him that was born of 
+cc Jupiter and Latona.” 
+
+P. In what place was Apollo the fon of Latona 
+horn ? 
+
+M. I will tell you more than you afk ; they fay 
+die tiling was thus: Latona, the daughter of Cceus 
+the Titan, conceived twins by Jupiter ; Juno, in- 
+cenfed at it, font the ferpent Python againfl her ; 
+
+and 
+
+* 
+
+d Atque cum tot Apollines fuerint, reliqui omnes filcntur om- 
+refque res aliorum gefttc ad unum Apollinem, Jovis St Latona 
+hlium ? referuntur. Cic. 3. de Nat. Deor. 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the HeatJje'ns 
+
+and Latona, to efcape the ferpent, c flea into the 
+iihnd of Delos $ where fhe brought forth Apollo 
+and Diana at the fame birth. 
+
+
+
+4 
+
+Sect. III. yddlions of sJpolto. 
+
+Y what means was Apollo advanced to the 
+
+__ highcit degree of honour and worfhip ? 
+
+M. By thcfe four efpecially : By the invention 
+of phyiic, mulic, poetry, and rhetoric, which is af- 
+cribed to him 5 and therefore he is fuppofed to pre- 
+fide over the mufes. It is faid, that he taught the 
+arts of foretelling events, and ihooting with ar¬ 
+rows ; when therefore he had benefited mankind 
+infinitely by thcfe favours, they worihipped him as 
+a God. f Hear how glorioufly he himfelf repeats 
+his accomplifhments of mind and nature, where he 
+magnifies himfelf to the flying nymph whom he 
+paiiionately loved. 
+
+P. What memorable things did he perform ? 
+
+M. Many, but efpecially thefe : 
+
+B 4 1. He 
+
+
+c Hcfiod. 
+
+f -“ Ncfcis, temcraria, nefeis 
+
+“ Qncm fugias, idecque fitgis- 
+
+“ Jupiter eft genitor. Per me quod critquc, fuitque, 
+
+“ Efiquc patet. Per me concordant carmina nervis ; 
+“Cert a quid cm noftra, eft zioflra tamer* una fagitta 
+“ Ccrtior, in vacuo qitaa vulnera pciftorc fecit. 
+
+“ Inventum Mcdicina meum cfi. Oj-iferque per erbem 
+“ Dicor. &l Tierbarum eft fubjedta potentia nobis.’* 
+Stop thy raih flight, flay lovely nymph, *tis l ; 
+
+No common wretch, no barb’rous enemy. 
+
+Croat Jove’s my father. I alone declare 
+What things paft, prefent, and what future are. 
+
+By me the untaught ruflic fweetly lings, 
+
+1 fol'tcft notes compofe to founding firings. 
+
+My {hails firike fure; but one, alas! was found 
+A furer, my uapra&is’d heart to wound. 
+
+Phvfic’s divine invention’s all my own. 
+
+And I a helper through the world am known : 
+
+All herbs I throughly knew, and all their ufe ; 
+
+I'Heir healing virtues, and their baneful juice. 
+
+
+Ovid . JMlctam, X. 
+
+
+
+
+Of the- Gods of the Heathens, 
+
+
+x. He deftroyed all the Cyclops, the forgers af 
+Jupiter’s thunder-bolts, with his arrows,, to revenge 
+the death of fEfculapius his foil,, whom Jupiter had 
+killed with thunder, becaufe by the help of his 
+
+phyiic he revived the dead. Wherefore, for this 
+
+a cl Apollo was call down from heaven, and depriv¬ 
+ed of his divinity,, expefed to the calamities of the 
+world, and commanded to live in banithment upon 
+the earth : In this dill refs h he v/as compelled by 
+want to look after Admetus’s cattle ; where, tired 
+with, pleafure, to pafs away his time, it* is faid, that 
+he iirft invented aiid formed a harp.. After this, 
+Mercury got'an opportunity to drive away a fetv 
+of the cattle of his herd by Health; for which, 
+while Apollo complained and threatened to punifh 
+him, unlefs he brought the fame cattle back again, 
+his harp was alfo Holen from him by Mercury i; 
+fo that he ceuld not forbear turning his anger into 
+laughter. 
+
+2. He raifed the walls of the city of Troy, by 
+
+the mulic of the harp alone ; if we may believe the 
+k poet. ' . 
+
+Some fay 1 that there was a Hone upon which 
+Apollo only laid down his harp, and the Hone, by 
+the touch of it, became fo melodious, that when¬ 
+ever it was Hruck with another Hone, it founded 
+like a harp. 
+
+3. By misfortune he killed Hyacinthus, a pretty 
+and ingenious boy that he loved. For, whihi 
+
+. Hyacinthus and he were playing together at quoits, 
+Zephyrus was enraged becaufe Apollo was better 
+
+beloved 
+
+
+g Lucian. Dial. Mort. - li Panfan. in Eliac. 
+
+i- Her. 1. Carin. 
+
+Ic <k Ilion afpicies, firmataque turribus akis 
+u M.ccnia, Apollinea: flrucSla canor.e Iyrai.*’ 
+
+Ovid.. Epift. Parid. 
+
+Troy you fliall fee, and walls divine admire * 
+
+Bmlt by the. mufic of Apollo’s lyre.r 
+1 Paufan. in Attic. 
+
+
+
+Ij Of the Gods of the Heathens „ 33 
+
+k beloved by Hyacinth us than himfielf; and having 
+•i an opportunity of revenge, he puffed the quoit 
+7 that Apollo call, againil Hyacinthus’s head, by 
+which blow he fell down dead ; whereupon Apollo 
+caufed the blood of the youth that was fpilt upon 
+
+• the earth, to produce flowers called violets , as Ovid 111 
+; finely exp re lies it. 
+
+Bcfides, he was pallionately in love with Cvpa- 
+riflus, another very pretty boy; who, when he had 
+1 unfortunately killed a line deer, which lie exceed¬ 
+ingly loved and had brought up from its birth, was 
+fo melancholy for his misfortune, that he con ft ant ly 
+■! bewailed the lois of his deer, and refuted all com- 
+
+• 1 m 
+
+‘ fort. n Apollo, becaufe before his death he had. 
+
+: begged of the Gods that his mourning might be 
+: made perpetual, in pity changed him into a cy~ 
+
+, profs tree, the branches of which were always ufecl 
+at funerals. 
+
+4. He fell violently in love with the virgin 
+j Daphne, fo famous for her modefty. When he 
+» pur fixed her, while the fled to fecure her chaftity 
+.from tlie violence of his paflion, the was changed 
+| into a laurel, the mo ft ehafte of trees, which is 
+\ never corrupted with the violence of heat or cold, 
+
+B 5 but 
+
+I 
+
+I -. ~ ■ ■ ' - — - - -_ _> 
+
+m “ Ecce, cruor qui fufus humo fignaverat herbas, 
+
+“ Dofiuic eiTe cruor, Tyrioque nitentior oflro 
+“ Flos oritur, formamque capit, quam lil«a; fi non 
+“ Purpureas color his, urgentcus eflet in illis.” 
+
+Behold tiie blood which late the grafs hud dy’d, 
+
+Was now no blood, from whence a flower full blown. 
+
+Far brighter than the Tyrian fear let /hone. 
+
+Which feem’d the fame, or did refembie right 
+A lily, changing but the red to white. Ovid* Met. IO* 
+
+n -- £ lmmufque l’upremum 
+
+“ Hoc petit a fuporis, ut tempore lugcat ornni. 
+u Ingemuit IrifKfque Deus, lugebere nobis, 
+
+“ -Lugeb.ifque alio.^, aderiique dolentibus, inquit/* 
+
+Implores that he may never ceale to mourn ;• 
+
+Phoebus fighing, T for thee will mourn, 
+
+Hourn thou for others,, hearfes itifl adorn*. Ovid* Met, loj. 
+
+
+
+3 4 Of the Gods of the Heathens, 
+
+but remains always fiourifliing, always pure 
+There is a Rory about this virgin tree, which bet¬ 
+ter deferves our admiration than our belief.- A cer¬ 
+tain painter was about to draw the picture of Apol¬ 
+lo upon a table made of laurel wood; and it is faid, 
+p that the laurel would not fuller the colours to 
+hick to it, as though the dead wood was fenfible, 
+and did abhor the picture of the impure deity, nG 
+lefs than if Daphne herfelf was within* 
+
+5. He courted alfo a long time the nymph Eoli- 
+na, but never could gain her ; for hie chofe rather 
+to throw herfelf into the river and be drowned, than 
+yield to his lafeivious flames. Nor did her invin¬ 
+cible modefly lofe its reward. She gained to her¬ 
+felf an immortality by dying fo ; and, facriiicing 
+her life in the defence of her virginity, hie not only 
+overcame Apollo, but the very powers of death. 
+She became immortal. 
+
+6. Leucothoe,-the daughter of Orchamus king 
+of Babylon, was not fo tenacious of her cliaflity ; 
+for hie yielded at lah: to Apollo’s defires. q Her 
+father could not bear this difgrace brought on his 
+family, and therefore buried her alive, r Apollo 
+was greatly grieved at this and though he could 
+
+not 
+
+
+o Liban. in Progymn. p Paufan. 1 . 7. 
+
+q. . . ——---“ defodit altc 
+
+£l Crudus homo, tumulumque taper gravis addit arena:.” 
+Intcrr’d her lovely body in the earth. 
+
+And on it rais’d a tomb of heavy fand, 
+
+"Whofe pond’rous weight her riling might with (land, 
+r “ Netware odorato lparfit corpufquc locumque, 
+
+“ Multaque conqucflus, tanges tamen xthera dixit. 
+
+“ Protinus inbutum cceltfli nedhire corpus 
+Delituit, terramque luo madefecit odorc; 
+tc Virgaque per, glebas, fenfim radicibus ad is, 
+
+“ Thurea furrexit, tumulumque cacuminc rupit.” 
+
+He mourn’d her lofs, and fprinkled all her hearfe 
+"With balmy nc< 5 lar and more precious tears, 
+yhen faid, Since fate-does here our joys defer, 
+
+
+Tfr -J 
+
+
+5 Of the Gcds of the Heathens. 3.5 
+
+II not bring her again to life, lie poured nectar upon 
+"if the dead body, and thereby turned it into a tree 
+* that drops frankincenfe. -Thefe amours of Leucc- 
+' thee and Apollo had been difeovered to her father 
+■4 by her filter Clytie, whom Apollo formerly loved, 
+c! but now defeited ; which ilie feeing, pined away, 
+with her eyes continually looking up to the fun, and 
+jj at laft was changed into a s flower called San-flower, 
+U cr Heliotrope * 
+
+3 7. Apollo was challenged in mufic by Murfyas 
+
+3 a proud lnuiician; and when he had overcome him, 
+r Apollo flayed him, bccaufe he had dared to con- 
+; tend with him, and afterwards converted him into 
+
+H 4 y 
+
+:j the river of the fame name in Phrygia. 
+
+1 8. Eat Midas king of Phrygia, having fooliflily 
+
+i determined the victory to the God Pan, when 
+J Apollo and he fang together, u Apollo ft retched 
+his ears to the length and lhape of affes ears. 
+
+I Midas endeavoured to hide his dilgrace as well as 
+{he could by his hair : But however, fince it was 
+(impoffible to conceal it from his barber, he ear- 
+i neftly begged the man, and prevailed with him by 
+j great promifes, not to divulge what lie faw to any 
+iperfon. But the barber was not able to contain. 
+fo wonderful a fecret longer ; wherefore w he went 
+
+B 6 - and 
+
+
+Thou flial! afeend to heav’n, and blefs me there : 
+
+Her body ftraight, embalm’d with heav’nly art. 
+
+Hid a fweet odour to the ground impart, 
+
+Aud from the grave a beauteous tree arife, 
+
+That cheers the gods with pleafmg facrifice. Ov*. JWd. 4- 
+
+£ Ovid. JVTetam. 4.. t Ovid. Faff. 6. 
+
+u -partem damnatur in uiuni; 
+
+“ Indniturque uures lente gradientis afwIIiV* 
+
+Funilh'd in the offending part, he beai'S 
+
+Upon his fcull a flow-pac’d aiVs cars. jMtsi. 1 . 6 . 
+
+v/-•“ fecedit humumque 
+
+“ liffodit, Sc domini qualis cofifpcxerit aures, 
+
+“ Voce refert parva.” Met am. 1 . 15. 
+
+He dug a hole,- and in it, whifpering, faid, 
+
+What monffrous ears Iprov.t from king Midas head J 
+
+
+
+36 Of the Gods of the Heathens * 
+
+and dag a hole, and putting his mouth to it, whik 
+pored thefe words. King Midas has aj/es ears ; then 
+filling up the ditch with the earth again, he went 
+away : but, O wonderful and ft range ! the reeds 
+that grew out of that ditch, if they were moved by 
+the lead blafl of wind, did utter the very fame 
+words which the barber had buiied in it 5 to wit, 
+King Midas has the cars of an aj's x . 
+
+
+Sect. IV. Hawes of Hpollo. 
+
+
+A S the Latins call him So/, becaufe there is 
+
+but one fun, 10 fome think the Greeks gave 
+him the name H hollo y for the fame reafon: though 
+
+O 
+
+2 others think that he is called Hpolio, either be- 
+canfe 3 ie drives away difeafes, or becaufe he darts 
+vigoroufly his rays. 
+
+Pie is called a Cy nth ins, from the mountain Cj r n- 
+tlnis, in the iiland of Delos j from whence Diana 
+alio is called Cj nthm. 
+
+And he is named Delius from the fame ifland, 
+becaufe he was born there. Or, as b fome fay, bo 
+caufe Apollo (who is the fun), by liis light makes 
+all things manifeft ; for which reafon he is called 
+c Phan a us. 
+
+He is named Dcdphmius ; d becaufe he killed the 
+ferpent Python, called Del phis 5 or eife, becaufe 
+when Caflilius, a Cretan, carried men to the plan¬ 
+tations, Apollo guided him in the fhape of a dol¬ 
+phin. 
+
+lbs title Delphic us comes from the city Delphi in 
+
+Boeotia, 
+
+x Avrcs aflnmas habet rex Midas. 
+
+y Ab « particula privativa, & quemadmodum Sol, quod 
+
+iit It Jus, (Jhryfip. apud Gyr. z Synr. 7. p. 219. a-ro <ru otvruX\u ! f i ui 
+yesev;, ub abi^elidis morbis, vel arro rx -7ru.XWu\ rj$ ax-rivas. 
+a Varr. dc .Ling. I.at. Piut. apud Phurnut. 
+
+b l efius cundki facit tsXu, i. e. m niJcfla- c Aero m i*awi» ap* 
+
+patae, IVlacrdb. & Phurnut, . d I 3 aufan, in Attic,. 
+
+
+
+<J| Of the Gods of the Heathens . 3^ 
+
+■‘^Bocotia., which city is fa id to be the e navel of the 
+■ V: earth; becaufe when Jupiter at one time Lad fen£ 
+for tivo eagles, the one from the eall and the other 
+
+• from the well, they met together by equal fights 
+exactly at this place. f Here Apollo hail the in oft 
+famous temple in tlie world, in which he uttered 
+the oracles to thole who confulted him ; but lie 
+received them'fir ft from Jupiter. They fay, that 
+
+‘ this famous oracle became dumb at the birth of 
+our Saviour; and when Augullus, who was a great 
+votary of Apollo, deli red to know tlie rcr.l’on of its 
+
+• filence, the oracle anfwercd h him. That in Judea 
+a child was born who was the fimreme God, and 
+
+JL ' 
+
+had commanded him to depart, and return no more 
+. anihvers. 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+\ 
+
+* 
+
+
+Apollo was likewife called ' Didymus ; which 
+word in Greek hgnihes tzv.-ns, by which are meant 
+the two great luminaries of heaver, the fun ai d 
+the moon, which alternately enlighten the world 
+by day and night. 
+
+He was called k Nonnas, which fignifies either a 
+fnepherd, becaule he fed the cattle of Admetus, or 
+beeaufc the fun, as it were, feeds all tilings that tlie 
+earth generates, by his heat and influence. Or 
+perhaps this title may fignify 1 lawgiver; and was 
+given him becaufe he made very fevere laws when 
+
+
+he was king of Arcadi 
+
+
+ct# 
+
+
+lie 
+
+
+* 
+
+
+3 e Paufan. sy.pxXos ms :• ns ; i. e. umbilicus terra:, 
+j f Phurnut. I-actant. g -/iifcul in Saccrd. 
+
+1 h i\If piwr dl*vos Dens ipfe guber^ans, 
+
+S Ct A re Jl'Je Jubet, :rr/.\w,uju<' riJ*re Jub or cum ; 
+
+| Sir is trgo dehinc nvjiri\ u!.f:ccli:o (Arfa i . 
+
+j An Hebrew child, \v!;otn the biifs’d Gods adore, 
+
+( Ha-, bid an leave thole thriller, and pack to hell, 
+i So that of ora ties. I vc now no more : 
+
+
+Away then irom o:ir altar, and farewell, 
+i A vci bo 'otbvy.oiy gemolli, Macrob. apud Gyral. fynt. 7. p. 23, 
+k Na/xij's, / *. F,jcr qu p«vit Aumet; gregem, vei quod quufi 
+paica. omnia, Pliur.-ut iXiaerob. 
+
+1 JLcx j Macrob. Cic. de. Nat. Deor. 3. 
+
+
+
+
+
+3 8 Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+He is called Pa an, either from ra allaying for- 
+rows, or from his excel /kill in hunting ; where¬ 
+fore lie is armed with arrows. And we know that 
+the fun llrikes us, and often hurts ns. with his 
+rays, as with fo many darts. By this name l\ea 7/, 
+his mother Latona, and the fpc&ators of the com¬ 
+bat, encouraged Apollo, when he fought with the 
+ferpeut Python, crying frequently, n Strike h in , 
+P <ca v , with thy darts . By the fame name the dii- 
+eafed invoke his aid, crying, ° Heal ?is, Peean* And 
+hence the cuftom came, that not only all hymns in 
+the praife of Apollo were called Pat evict , but abo, 
+in all fongs of triumph, in the celebration of all 
+victories, men cried out, Io Pan?/. After this man¬ 
+ner, the airy and wanton lover in p Ovid a£ts hi; 
+triumph too. And from this invocation Apollo 
+himfelf was called R/«?« 
+
+He is called q Phabus, from the great fwiftnef; 
+of his motion, or from his method of healing by 
+purging ; fince by the help of phylic, which was 
+Apollo’s invention, the bodies of mankied are purg¬ 
+ed and cured. 
+
+He was named Pythias, not only from the fer- 
+pent Python which he killed, but like wife from r 
+alking a;:d confulting : for none among the Gods 
+was more confulted, or delivered more refponfes, 
+or fpake more oracles, than he ; efpeeially in the 
+temple which he had at Delphi, to which all forts 
+of nations reforted ; fo that it was called the orach 
+
+m Tlspot re ■zvx.vziv rots avtx;, a fedando molcflzas, vel sfctpx rj 
+sjcattvy a feriendo. 1 ’cftus. n 'U ircuotv ; jacc vel immitte, Pecan j 
+Z:cmpc tela in feram. o ’It orottxy, medere P.xan. 
+
+J) JJicile Jo Paan, t3* To, Lis Jicitc , Pican / 
+
+Jjccidit i'i caffes prccJa pc tit a meos . 
+
+Sing io Pttan twice, twice To fay : 
+
+My toild are pitch’d, and I have caught my prey. 
+
+O vid de Art: Stha.iif. I. 
+
+q 'Aero re (poiruv, quod vi feratur, vel a tpaflxv , purgo. JLil Gyr. 
+Synt. 7. p. 222. r a$&j ra rrsiOxvirCoct, ab interrogando vel confu- 
+Iccdo, Hygin, in fab. c. f_o. 
+
+
+r r 
+
+V 
+
+k 
+
+•r 
+
+s 
+
+
+0 / r the Gods of the Heathens* 3cy 
+
+of all the earth s . The oracles were given out by a 
+young virgin, till one was debauched: whereupon. 
+'■.•J a law was made, that a very ancient woman fhouJcl 
+ri give the anfwers, in the drefs -of a young maid, 
+
+! who was therefore called Pythia , from Pythias , one 
+( V of Apollo’s names and fometimes P hah as ; from 
+[ .? pha/bus, another of them. But as to the manner 
+; that the woman underflood the G-od’s mind, mens 
+♦Iopinions differ. Tully fuppofes, that fome vapours 
+’ exhaled out of the earth, and affccled the brain much,, 
+
+■ find raifed in it a power of divination £ . 
+
+P . What was the tripos on which the Pythian 
+
+■ lady fat ? 
+
+AT. Some fay, that it was a table with three 
+
+• feet, on which ihe placed herfelf when fhe defi gned 
+’ Jo give forth oracles ; arid becaufe it was covered 
+
+• with the fkin of the ferpent Python, they call it alfo. 
+by the name of Cortina. u But others fay, that it 
+was a vellel in which fhe was plunged before (lie 
+prophefied 5 or rather, that it was a golden veiTel, 
+
+■ ;j furaifhed with ears, and fupported by three feet, 
+^whence it was called tripos; and on tins the lady 
+Vj iat down. It happened that this tripos was loft in 
+3 the lea, and afterwards taken up in the nets of 
+ifhermen, who mightily contended amongll them- 
+§j ielves who fhould have it; the Pythian prieftefs,. 
+|| being afked, gave anfwer, that it ought to be fent 
+to the wi/efi man of all Greece. "Whereupon it was 
+carried to Thales of Miletus ; who fent it to Bias, 
+to a. wifer pgrfon. Bias referred it to another, 
+
+| and that other referred it to a fourth ; till, after it? 
+bad been fent backward and forward to'all the wife 
+‘^en, it returned again to Thai a *• who dedicated it- 
+to A nolle at Delphcs. 
+
+P. Who 
+
+
+fi 
+J 
+
+
+
+
+s C:c. 
+C Af. I. - 
+S'.’lorr, 
+
+
+pro Font. Diodor. 1. Scat. Thcbaid. Vide Orig. adv, 
+t Cie. 1, dc Divin. 14. apud. Xil. Gyr. u Piut. iz> 
+
+
+
+40 Of the Gods of the Heathen j% 
+
+P. Wko were the wife 771 e?i of Greece f 
+
+M. Thefe feven, to whofe names I adjoin die 
+places of their nativity 5 Shales of Miletus , Solon 
+of /IthenSj Chile of Lacedeemoji , Pittacus of Myti - 
+lene , Bias of Prie/ie, Cleohulus of Linrli, and Peri- 
+under of Corhith, I will add fome remarkable things 
+concerning fome of them. 
+
+Thales was reckoned amongft the wife men, bo 
+caule he was believed to be the fir ft that brought 
+
+O 
+
+geometry into Greece. He fir ft obferved the courfes 
+of the times, the motion of the winds, the nature 
+of thunder, and the motions of the fun and the 
+ftars. Being afked what he thought the moft diffi¬ 
+cult thing in the world? he anfwercd, ‘lo hnoiv 
+one's fe If ; which perhaps was the occalion of the 
+advice written on the front of Apollo’s temple, to 
+thofe that were about to enter, x Know thyfelf 9 for 
+there are very few that know theinfelves. 
+
+When Solon viiited Croefus the king of Lydia, 
+the king fhewed Lis vaft treafures to him, and ai'k- 
+ed him wliether he knew a man happier than he ? 
+“ Yes,” fays Solon, “ I know Tellus, a very poor 
+“ but a very virtuous man at Athens, who lives in 
+“ a little tenement there, and he is more happy than 
+“ your majefty: For neither can thefe tilings make 
+44 us happy which are fubjefl to the changes of tlie 
+times , nor is any one to be thought truly happy 
+“ ^ill he dies.” y It is faid, when king Croefus was 
+afterwards taken prifoner by Cyrus, and laid upon the 
+pile to be burnt, he remembered the faying of Solon, 
+and often repeated his name ; fo that Cyrus afked why 
+he cried out, Solon, and who the God was whofe 
+aftiftance he beggV ? Crcefus faid, 46 I find now by 
+“ experience that ro be true which heretofore he 
+i( faid to me and fo he told Cyrus the ftory; 
+who, hearing it, was fo touched with the fenfe of 
+
+the 
+
+
+x a’saorov Nofce teipfum. JLaert * 
+
+y Plutarch, Herodotus, 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . eft 
+
+ithe viciffitucle of human affairs, that he p refer vcd 
+-/ICrcefiis from die fire, and ever after Iiaci him in 
+■reat lion our. 
+
+
+
+j Chilo had this faying continually in his month, 
+d' Define nothing too muck , Yet, when his ion had got 
+• the victory at the Olympic games, the good man died 
+■ with joy, and all Greece honoured his funeral. 
+
+_< Bias, a man no lefs famous for learning than no- 
+.jbility, prelerved liis citizens a long time : 44 And 
+\ il when at laft, 5 ’ a fays Tully, 46 his country Priene 
+*; 44 was taken, and the red of the inhabitants, in their 
+. 44 efcape, carried away with them as much of their 
+goods as they could one advifed him to do the 
+j funic: but he made aufwer, 44 b It is what I do ai- 
+44 ready : for all the things that are mine I carry 
+with me.” He often laid, 44 c That friends ihouid 
+44 remember to love one another fo as perfons who 
+, 44 may fometimes hate one another.” 
+
+Of the rell nothing extraordinary is reported. 
+
+% 
+
+• 
+
+Sixr. V. 7 he JigniJication of the Fable . Apollo 
+
+mcu;:s the Sun. 
+
+VERY one agrees, that by d Apollo the fun is 
+to be underdood: for the four chief proper- 
+v| ties aferibed to Apollo were the arts of prophefving^ 
+vj of healing, of darting, and of muiic ; of all which, 
+‘‘j we may dud in the fun a lively rep refen tati on and 
+d image. Was Apollo famous for his fkiill in pro- 
+
+S :x pheiying and divination ? and what is more agree¬ 
+able to the nature of the fun, than by its light to 
+diipel darknefs, and to make manifed hidden and 
+concealed truth? Was Apollo famous for his know- 
+Pledge of medicine and his power of healing? Sure- 
+nothing in the world conduces more to the 
+
+health 
+
+
+
+
+
+|l7 
+
+I 
+
+
+
+
+^ z Ne quid minium cupias, Plin. 1 . 7. c. 32. a Dc Aniicitia, 
+| L i'go vero facia, nam omnia mea mccum porto. Val. Max. h 
+c> 2- c Amicos ita amare oporteret ut aliquando clfciit oiuw* 
+t-Uirt. d Cicero, de Nat. Dcor. 3. 
+
+
+
+42 Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+health and preservation of all things than the fan's 
+heat and warmth : And therefore thofe herbs and 
+plants which are mo ft expo feci to its rajs, arc 
+found to have moffc power and virtue. Thirdly, is 
+Apollo fkilful in darting or fhooting ? And are r.ot 
+the fun’s rays like fo many darts or arrows flint 
+from his body to the earth ? And, laflly, how well 
+does Apollo’s lkill in mufc agree to the nature of 
+the fun, which, being placed in the midft of the 
+planets, makes with them a kind of harmony, and 
+all together, by their uniform motion, make as it 
+were, a concert of muflc ? And becaufe the fun is 
+thus placed in the midfl of the feven planets, the 
+poets alTert, that the infir ament which Apollo pi ays 
+on is a harp with feven. firings. 
+
+Belides, from the tilings facrificcd to Apollo c , it 
+appears that lie was the fun : the firffc of which 
+things was the olive, the fruit of which fo loves the 
+fun, that it cannot be nourifhed in places difhmt 
+from it. 2. The laurel f , a tree of a hot nature, 
+always flourifhing, never old, and conducing not a 
+little towards divination ; a..J therefore the poets 
+are crowned with laurel. 3. Among animals, 
+fwans s are ofibred to him ; becaufe, as was oh- 
+ferved before, they have from Apollo a faculty ot 
+divination ; for they, fo refeeing their happinefs in 
+death, die finging and pleafed. • 4. Griflins alfo and 
+crows were facred to him for the fame reafon ; awl 
+the hawk, which has eyes bright and piercing ft 
+the fun ; the cock, which foretells his riling ; and 
+the gralhopper, a ilnging creature : Whercibr 
+it was a cufloni among the Athenians to fallen 
+golden grafhoppers to their hair in honour of A- 
+pollo. 
+
+And efpecially, if ‘ we derive the name of fa* 
+tona , the mother of Apollo and Diana, from the 
+
+Greek 
+
+
+o (1 
+
+
+
+c Thoocr. in Here, f Aerius. g Cic. Tnfcul- I. 
+h Thucyd. ScJiol. Arift. i Vid. Lib Gyr. 1. in A,poll. 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+
+• 43 
+
+
+Ipfcreek xuySxvai \Jantha?io “ to lie hid”], it will fig- 
+I'fjrify, that before the birth of A polio and Di ana, 
+Jnjthatis, before the production of the fun and moon, 
+things lay involved in darknefs : From whence 
+' :*thefe glorious luminaries afterwards proceeded, as 
+’ 'put of the womb of a mother. 
+
+[ £ But, notwithllanding all this, feveral poetical 
+[ jfables have relation only to the fun, and not to 
+-^Apollo. And of thofe therefore it is ncceiiary to 
+
+L Etreat apart. 
+
+t i 
+
+
+CHAP. VI. 
+
+N. His Gene a t 
+
+
+\ 
+
+; \ r 20 HIS glorious Sun, which i Huh rates all things 
+■ j | with his light, is called Sol , as k Tally fays, 
+• p fiber becaufe he is the ONLY heave niy body that is 
+■}'of that nmgnitude ; or becanfe, when he rlfes , he pets 
+till the other heavenly bodies , and ONLY appears 
+\jjdwfclf Although the poets have faid that there 
+were five Sols, and Tully reckons them up ; yet 
+j whatever they delivered concerning each of them 
+,|feverally, they commonly apply to one, who was 
+Sthe fon of Hyperion, and nephew to /Ether, begot- 
+r|tsn of an unknown mother. 
+
+f The Perfians call the fun 1 Mithra , and, ac~ 
+I counting him the greatefi: of their Gods, worihip 
+I him in a cave. His itatue bears the head of a lion, 
+§ on which a turban, called tiara , is placed ; and it 
+I is clothed with Perfian attire, holding with both 
+I hands a mad bull by the horns. m Thofe that defired 
+| to become his prieils, and underhand his myheries, 
+
+I did 
+
+^ ~ m ~ w ^ ^^^.--.-—^^ 
+
+k Vcl quia Solus cx omnibus fideribus tantus eft ; vcl quia cam 
+exortus eft ; obfeuratis omnibus, Solus apparet. Cic. de Nat. Dev 
+orum, I. 2. Sc 3. 
+
+I Hefych. & JLacSiant. Gram, apud JLil. Gyr. 
+m Buris, 7. Hift. an. Athene 
+
+
+
+44 Of the Gods of the Heathens• 
+
+did fir ft undergo a great many hardfliips, difgracei, 
+ilripes, colds, heats, and other torments, before 
+they could attain to the honour of that employ men. 
+And, behold the Jiolinefs of their religion! it w;; 
+not lawful for the kings of Perfta to get drunk, but 
+upon that cl ly in which the fact dices were offend 
+to jMitf' ru 11 . 
+
+Tiie Egyptians called the fun ° Horns ; whence 
+comes the name of thofe parts called 7j- rw, hour , f , 
+into which the fun divides the day. They repn. 
+fell ted his power by a feeptre, on the top of wiiich 
+an eye was placed by which they fignify* that the 
+fun fees every thing, arid that all tilings are fan 
+by his means. 
+
+Tire he p [force were thought to be the daughters 
+of Sol and Chronis, who early in the morning pn> 
+pare the chariot ami the horfes for their father, and 
+open the gates of the day. 
+
+Sect. II. /letions of SoL 
+
+N O other aclions of Sol are mentioned, but bis 
+
+debaucheries nncl love intrigues between him 
+and his miftreder ; whereby he obfeured tile honour 
+of his name : The moil remarkable of which are 
+tliefe that follow : 
+
+i. He lay with Venus in the id and of Rhodes; 
+when q it is faid the heavens rained gold, and 
+the earth clothed itfclf with roles and lilies ; from 
+•whence the ifland was called r Rhodes . 2. Of 
+Clymene he begat one fon named Phaeton, and fe- 
+veral daughters. 3. Of Necera, he begat Pafipliai, 
+and of Parce, Circe. To omit the reft of his brood, 
+of more obfeure note, according to my method, I 
+ihall lay fomctlimg of each of tliefe 5 but full, 
+(fince I have mentioned Rhodes), I will fpeak a 
+
+little 
+
+
+1 
+
+n Greg. Naz^anz. Orat. 1. in Jul. o Pint & Oiir. 
+p Homer, Iliad & OdyJI'. 4 Plutarch. Boccat. 1. 4. c. 
+q Pindar in Olymp^ r ’A va -rov qs^v a Rofa* 
+
+
+4 - 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+
+45 
+
+
+f'jpttle of the Rhodian ColofTus, which was one of the 
+l feven wonders of the world, and of the other fix. 
+
+i' j 
+
+^ ttt err*7 r 7 r . 7 77 
+
+
+SrcT. III. d'he fc-vcn wonders of the world. 
+
+
+P. were tliofe feven "wonders of the 
+
+} \%r world ? 
+
+i M- They are thefe that follow. 
+
+.> 1. The CololTus at Rhodes s , a fhitue of the fun, 
+jjeveaty cubits high, placed acrofs the mouth of the 
+
+S arbour : a man could not grafp his thumb with 
+oil 1 his arms. Its thighs were flretched out to fuch 
+4 difiance, that a large Ihip under fail might eafily 
+Aais into the port between them. It was twelve 
+
+
+■w 
+
+
+tliofe feven "wonders of the 
+
+
+1. 
+
+
+f fears making, and cofl three hundred talents 
+
+
+It 
+
+
+I flood fifty years, and at lafl was thrown down by 
+an earthquake. And from this colois the people 
+• Rhodes were named Coloffeti/cs : and now every 
+, ffiiae of unufual magnitude is called colojfus . 
+
+•,] 2. Tiie temple of Diana at Ephefus, was a work 
+‘ of the -greateft magnificence, which the ancients 
+Vprodigioufly admired u : two hundred and twenty 
+1 years were fpent in finifiling it, though all Alia 
+.■Jfc’as employed. It was fupported by one hundred 
+and twenty-feven pillars fixty feet high, each of 
+
+i ’hich was railed by as many kings. Of thefe 
+illurs th ir ty-fe ven-were engraven. The image of 
+Goddefs was made of ebony, as we learn from 
+iitory. 
+
+3. The maufoleum, or fepulchre of Maufoleus 
+ing of Caria x , built by his queen Artemifia, of 
+!e purefl marble ; and yet the workmanfhip of 
+^ was much more valuable than the marble. It 
+as, from north to fouth, fixty-three feet long, al¬ 
+oft four hundred and eleven feet in compafs, 
+
+and 
+
+
+
+
+S Plin. 34. c. 3 7. 
+
+3 s. ^d. hnglifh money. 
+* Plin. lib. 36. c. 3. 
+
+
+t A Rhodian talent is worth 322 I 
+u Pirn. 1 . 7. c. 38. I. lO.c. 40. 
+
+
+j f 6 ’ Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+and twenty-five cubits (that is, about thirty-fivj 
+feet) high* furrounded with thirty-fix columns, tnat 
+xvere beautified in a wonderful manner : and from 
+this maufcleum all other fumptuous fepulchres art 
+called by the fame name. 
+
+4. A ftatue of Jupiter, in the temple of the city 
+y Olympia, carved with the greateft art by Phidias, 
+out of ivory, and made of a prodigious fize. 
+
+5. The walls of the city of Babylon (which was 
+
+the metropolis of Chaldea z ), built by queen Semi, 
+nun is, whofe circumference was fixty miles, and| 
+rheir breadth fifty feet ; fo that fix chariots 'irji<Jt| 
+conveniently pafs upon them in a row. 1 
+
+6. The a 2Dj r ramids of Egypt; three of which, re.; 
+markable for tlieir height, if ill remain. The firfj 
+
+and is one hundred and forty 
+one thoufand feet high: It is 
+made of great Hones, the leaf: of them is thirty feet 
+thick. Three hundred and fixty thoufand men 
+were employed in building it for the fpace of 
+twenty years. The two other pyramids, which 
+are fomewhat fmaller, attract the admiration of all 
+ipedfcitors. In thefe pyramids, it is reported, the 
+bodies of the kings of Egj r p* interred. 
+
+7. The royal palace of h Cyrus king of the 
+IVIedes, made by Menon, with no lefs prodigality 
+than art; for he cemented the Hones with gold. 
+
+Sect. IV. She children of the Sun . 
+
+N OW let us turn our difeourfe again to Sola 
+
+children ; the moH famous of which was Phai- 
+ton, who gave the poets an excellent opportunity 
+of {hewing their ingenuity by the following a&ion. 
+Epaphus, one of the fens of Jupiter, quarrelled with 
+
+Phaeton, 
+
+
+
+
+y Plin. 1, 36. c. 3 . z Idem, 1. 6. c. 26. a Plin. 1. 36. c. Jj 
+Belo, 1. 2 . c. 32 . Sing. Obfervat. b Calepin. V. Miraculum. 
+
+
+has a fquarc bails, 
+three feet lone, and 
+
+
+
+1 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+
+4f 
+
+
+■ 
+
+
+ha’-'ton, and faid, that though he called himfelf 
+c fon of Apollo, he was not ; and that his mo- 
+ier CJvmene invented this pretence only to cover 
+cr adultery. This dander fo provoked Pha*. ton, 
+by his mother's advice, he went to the royal 
+dace of the Sun, to bring from thence fomo in¬ 
+imitable marks of his nativity. The Sun received 
+im, when he came, kindly, and owned him his 
+n ; and, to take away all occafion of doubting 
+creafter, he gave him liberty to afk any tiling, 
+waring by the Stygian lake (which fort of oath 
+nc of the Gods dare violate), that he would not 
+cny him. Hereupon Phaeton defired leave to go- 
+jiii his father’s chariot for one day, which was 
+le ocealion of great grief to his father ; who, 
+refeeing his ion’s ruin thereby, was very uneafy 
+iat he had obliged himfelf to grant a recjuelfc fo 
+ernicious to his fon ; and therefore endeavoured 
+perfuade him not to perfifl in his delire b , tel- 
+ng him that he fought his own ruin, and was 
+fed rows of undertaking an employment above his 
+bility, and which no mortal was capable to exc¬ 
+ise. Phaeton was not moved with the good ad- 
+ice of his father ; but prefled him to keep his pro¬ 
+mile, 
+
+I)-.*« Temcraria dixit 
+
+“ Vox mea fii^a tua eft Utinam promi/Ta licercfc 
+“ jS on dare: Coitfiteor, folum hoc tibi, natc, negarem, 
+
+“ DhTuadoxe licet. Non clt tua tula voluntas; 
+
+“ Magna uctis, Phaeton, «Sc qua: nun viribus i/lis 
+“ Muiicra convemunt, nec tam pucrilifcus anni*;. 
+iC Sors tua mortalis : non eft mortalc quod optas.” 
+
+’Twas this alone 1 could refufe a fon, 
+
+Llk by*s own w ifh and my cafh oath undone. 
+
+'Thou to thy ruin my rafh vow doft wren ; 
+
+O! would* could break prom if c ! Thy requeft. 
+
+Poor haplefs youthfotego; :etracl it now. 
+
+Recall thy with, and I t an keep my vow. 
+
+Think, Phaeton, think o’er thy wild defires; 
+
+7 hat work more year -, and greater fbcugth requires : 
+
+Coniine thy thoughts to thy own humble fate; 
+
+What thou wouldfl have, becomes no -mortal Rate. 
+
+J 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+^8 Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+mife, and perform what he had fworn by the rivet 
+Styx to do c , In fhort, the father was forced to 
+comply with his fon’s ra/lmels ; and therefore un¬ 
+willingly granted what was not now in his power, 
+after his oath, to deny; neverthelefs, he direeled 
+him how to guide the horfes, and efpecially lie 
+advifed him to obferve the middle path. Phalton 
+was traniported with joy d , mounted the chariot, 
+and taking the reins, 11 e began to drive the horfes, 
+which, finding him unable to govern them, ran 
+away, and fet on fro both the heavens and the 
+earth. Jupiter, to put an end to the conflagration, 
+/truck him out of the chariot with thunder, and 
+call him headlong; into the river Po. His lifters 
+
+O 
+
+Phal'thufa, Lampetia, and Phceba, lamenting his 
+death inceflantly upon the hanks of that ri\cr, 
+were turned, hy die pity of the Gods, into poplar- 
+trees, from that time weeping amber inftcad of 
+tears. Ajsrcat fire that happened in Italy near the 
+Po, in the time of king Phaeton, was the occalion of 
+this fable ; and the ambitious are taught hereby 
+what event they ought to expedl when they ioar 
+higher than they ought. 
+
+c Circe, die moll fkilfiil of all forcereffes, ]>oi- 
+foned her hufband, a king of tlie Sarniatians ; for 
+which fhe was banifhed by her fubjects, and fly- 
+
+c -“ Die) is tamen iTje repugn at, 
+
+ct Propofitum-que pi emit, fiagratejue cupidine currus.** 
+
+In vain to move hi-* ion the father aim'd ; 
+
+I fc with ambition's hotter fire inflam'd, 
+
+Hi" fire’s irrevocable proniife claim’d, 
+cl “ Occupat ifie Ievtm juvcnili corpore currum, 
+
+“ Statque fuper, mauibufquc datas comingere habenas 
+ct Gaudct,.<& invito grates ngit inde parenti.” 
+
+Now Phaeton, by lofty hopes poflfefs’d. 
+
+The burning feat with joyful vigour prefs’d; 
+
+With nimble hands the heavy reins lie weigh’d, 
+
+•And thanks uiiplcafmg to his father paid. 
+
+Ovid, JSZctam* I. 
+
+c Ovid. Mctam. 14, 
+
+
+
+
+
+♦ 
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens « 49 
+
+jjrr into Italy, fixed her feat upon the promontory 
+ircasum, where /he fell in love with Glaucus, a 
+eri-o-ocL who at the fame time loved Scylla : Circe 
+
+^ 7 •/ 
+
+..burned her into a fea-monftcr, by poifoning the 
+
+^water in which /lie ufed to wafh. She entertained 
+
+lylles, who was driven thither by the violence of 
+
+onus, with great civility, and redored his com- 
+
+.mions unto their former fhapes ; whom, accord- 
+
+g to her ufual cu/lom, flic had changed into hogs, 
+
+ears, wolves, and the like beads. Ulylfes was 
+
+mied againft her affaults, fo that /lie fet upon him 
+
+vain. It is faid that /he drew down the very 
+
+irs from heaven : whence we are plainly inform- 
+
+cl, that voluptuoufnefs (whereof Circe is the cm- 
+
+1cm) alters men into ravenous and filthy beads ; 
+
+hut even thofe who, with the ludrc of their wit 
+
+Ind virtue, /hine in the world as dars in the fir- 
+; *** * 
+
+^anient, when once they addidl ihemfclves to 
+ijbfcene pleafures, become obfeure and inconfider- 
+'’’hie, falling, as it were, headlong from the glory 
+f heaven. 
+
+f Pafiphae was the wife of Minos king of Crete, 
+he fell in-love with a bull, and obtained her dc- 
+re by the adi dance of Dcedalus, who for that £>ur- 
+ofe inclofcd her in a wooden cow. She brought 
+>rth a Minotaur, a monder, one part of which was 
+ike a man, the other like a bull flow the occa- 
+on of this fable, they fay, was this : Pafiphae 
+vecl a man whole name was Taurus, and had 
+vins by him in Daedalus’s ho uie ; one of whom 
+as very like her hufband JMinos, and the other 
+he its father. But however that is, the Minotaur 
+us /hut up in the labyrinth that Dcedalus made 
+y the order of king Minos. This labyrinth was 
+place diverfified with very many windings and 
+iniings, and crofs paths running into one ano- 
+I C ther. 
+
+
+W 
+
+M 
+
+* wt 
+
+11 
+
+
+vain. 
+
+
+V 
+
+
+
+
+w W . 
+
+
+
+I 
+
+
+
+
+f Ovid. Mctam. 14 
+
+
+■*- • — - ■ —» m ■ 1 ■ ■ ■ » . + — —- .» » 
+
+g Serv. ap. Boccat. 1 . 4 
+
+
+5 ° 
+
+ther. 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+How this Minotaur was killed, and h 
+
+
+oj 
+
+
+•whom, I fhall fhew particularly in its place in the 
+hiflory of Thefeus- h Daedalus was an excellent 
+artificer of Athens ; who firft, as it is faid, invent, 
+ed the axe, the faw, the plumb-line, the auger, and 
+glue ; he alfo firft contrived mails and yards for 
+ihips : Belides, he carved flatues fo admirably, that 
+they not only feemed alive, but would never Hand 
+flill in one place ; n.ay, would fly away unlefs they 
+were chained. This Hasdalus, together with lea. 
+rus his fon, was Unit up by Minos in the labyrinth 
+which he had made, becaufe he had aflifled the 
+amours of Pafiphae ; whereupon he made wings 
+for himfelf and his fon with wax and feathers of 
+birds. Faflening tliefe wings to his fhoulders, he 
+flew out of Crete into Sicily; at which time Icarus, 
+in his flight, neglecled his father’s advice, and oh. 
+ferved not his due courfe, but out of a juvenile 
+wantonnefs flew higher than he ought ; whereupon 
+the wax was melted by the heat of the fun, and 
+the wings broke in pieces ; and he fell into the fea, 
+which is fince, i according to Ovid, named the Ice- 
+rian Sea from him. 
+
+To thefe children of the fin we may add his 
+niece and his nephew Byblis and Caunus. Byblis 
+was fo much in love with Caunus, though lie was 
+her brother, that fhe employed all her charms to 
+entice him to commit inceft ; and when nothing 
+would overcome his modety, fhe followed him fo 
+long, that at lafl being quite opprefled with forroW 
+and labour, fhe fat down under a tree, and Hied 
+fuch a quantity of tears k , that fhe was converted 
+into a fountain. 
+
+CHAP. 
+
+
+h Ovid. Metarn. 1 . 8. Paufan. in Attic, 
+i u Icarus Icariis nomina fecit aquis.’* Ovid. Trift. 
+Icarian feus from Icarus "were call'd, 
+k “ Sic lachrymis confumpta fuis Phcebeia Byblis 
+
+
+X. 
+
+
+<4 
+
+
+ri. \\r 
+
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+
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+
+5 * 
+
+
+C PI A P. VII. 
+
+
+
+Sect. I. Mercury. His Image and Eirlh. 
+
+P. tlfHO is that young man ! , with a cheer* 
+
+ful countenance, an honeft look, and 
+lively eyes ; who is fo fair without paint; hav mg 
+wings fixed to his hat and fhoes, and a rod in his 
+hand, which is winged, and bound about by two 
+.ferpents ? 
+
+M • It is the image of Mercury, as the Egyptians 
+paint him ; whole face is partly black and dark, 
+and partly clear and bright ; becaufe fometimes he 
+converfes with the celeliial, and fometimes with 
+the infernal Gods. He wears winged flioes, (cal¬ 
+led talar in) / wings are alfo faftened to his hat, 
+called pet of us) ; becaufe, fince he is the meffenger 
+of the Gods, he ought not only to run, but to 
+iij. 
+
+P. Of what parents was he born ? 
+
+M. m His parents were Jupiter and Main, the 
+daughter of Atlas ; and for that reafon, perhaps, 
+hey ufed to offer facrifices to him in the month of 
+May. They fay that Juno fuckled him a while in 
+his infancy ; and once, while he fucked the milk 
+very greedily, his mouth being full, it ran out of 
+it upon the heavens ; which made that white flream 
+'which they call 11 the milky way. 
+
+
+C 2 
+
+
+Sect* 
+
+
+“ Vcrtitur in foritem, qui nunc quoqUe valHbus imis 
+“ Nomen habet doming:, nigraque fub dice manat.” Ov. Met* 
+Thus the PJicebean Byblis, fpent in tears. 
+
+Becomes a living fountain, which yet bears 
+Her name, and, under a black oak that grows 
+In thofo rank vallies, plentifully flows. Sam/ys, 
+
+1 Galen ap. Nut. Com. i. 5. m Hcfiod. in Theogon. Her. 
+
+1 * n Via ladlea quam Gra.-ci vocanc GaHxiam* 
+
+tfr ® a luvSlc. Maciob. 6 c Suidas, 
+
+
+i 2 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens „ 
+
+
+Sect. II. fhe Offices a?id Vitalities of' Mercury. 
+
+
+P. IIAT were Mercury’s offices and quali- 
+
+M. He had many offices. i. ° Thc.firft and 
+chiefcft of them was to carry the commands of 
+Jupiter; whence he is commonly called the me fen* 
+jrer of the Gods. 2. He fwept the room where tlic 
+Gods fupped, and made the beds, and underwent 
+many other the like fervile employments. Hence 
+lie was fliled p Camillus , or Cafmillus , that is, art in - 
+jerior fervant of the Gods ; for anciently q all boys 
+and girls under age were called Camilli and r Ca- 
+inilltc : and the fame name was afterwards given 
+to the young men and maids, who s attended the 
+priefls at their facrificcs : though the people of 
+Bccotia % inflead of Camillas, fay Cadmilh/s ; per¬ 
+haps from the Arabian word Chodam , to ferve ; or 
+from the Phoenician word Chadmcl , Go.Ts few ant , 
+or minifer facer. 3. u lie attended upon dyir.g 
+perfons, to unloofe their fouls from the chains of 
+the body, and carry them to hell. He alfo reviv¬ 
+ed and placed into new bodies tliofe fouls which 
+had completed their full time in the Ely flan fields. 
+x Alin oft all which things Virgil compriies in feven 
+verfes. 
+
+His 
+
+
+w 
+
+
+w 
+
+Mercury’s offices and quali- 
+
+
+o Lucian dial. Rlaire ct jVIercurii p Stat. Tullian -• 
+
+de Vocab. rcriuri. q Serv. in 12. /En, r Pacuv. in Media. 
+Dion. Halicarn. 1 . 2. Mac rob. Saturn. 3. s Bochart. Georg. 
+
+1 . 1. c. 2. t Sophocl. in Ocdip. u Horn. Odylf. 24. 
+
+x <c Dixcrat. Illc patris magni parcre parabut 
+<c Imperio 8 c primum pedibus ta'aria nedtit 
+<c Aurea, qua; fubliment alis five requora fupra 
+“ Sou terram rapido paritcr cum fimninc purtant. 
+
+“ Turn Virgam capit ; hoc animas ilje evocat Oreo 
+Pallor: tes, alias IV.b triflia Tartars mittit: 
+
+“ Dat foninos, adimitque, 8 c lumina mortc rcfignat. 1 ’ 
+
+Hcimcs obeys, wi'.h golden pinions binds 
+His flying feet, and mounts the weflern winds : 
+
+A IK 1 , 
+
+
+Of' the Gods of the Heathens . 53 
+
+His remarkable qualities were likewife many. 
+It They fay, that lie was the inventor of letters. 
+This is certain, he excelled in eloquence and the art 
+of fpeaking well ; infomuch that the Greeks called 
+him Hermes* from his fid 11 y in interpreting or ex¬ 
+plaining ; and therefore he is accounted 2 the God 
+of the rhetoricians and orators. 2 . He is reported 
+to have beep, the inventor of contra&s, weights, 
+and measures 5 to have taught the arts of buy¬ 
+ing, felling, and trafficking ; and to have received 
+the name of Mercury from a his under (landing of 
+merchandifc. Hence he is accounted the God of the 
+merchants , and the God of gain ; fo that all unex¬ 
+pected gain and treafure that comes of a fudden, 
+is from him called .or i^ucacv ( r Her772cion or 
+
+Hermaion') . 3. In the art of thieving b he cer¬ 
+
+tainly excelled all the fharpers that ever were or 
+will be ; for he is the very Prince and God of 
+thieves. The very day on which he was horn, .he 
+Hole away fome cattle from king Admetus’s herd, 
+although Apollo was keeper of them ; who com¬ 
+plained much of the theft, and bent his bow 
+againft him: but in the mean time, Mercury Hole 
+even his arrows from him. Whilft he was yet an 
+infant, and .entertained’ by Vulcan, he Hole his 
+tools from him. He took away by Health Venus’s 
+girdle, while Hie embraced him, and Jupiter’s 
+
+C 3. feeptre : 
+
+
+And, whether o’er the leaser earth he flies,. 
+
+With rapid, force they bear him clown tire Ikies.. 
+
+But firft he grafps, within his awful.hand. 
+
+The marks of fovereign pow’r, his magic wand : 
+
+With this he draws the fouls from hollow graves ; 
+
+With*this he drives them down the Stygian waves; 
+
+With tliis he feals in lleep the wakeful light; 
+
+And eyes, though clos'd in death, rellores to light. Vir . JEn. 4. 
+y’A<r* c-tf ipyyiviuuv, i. e. ab interpretando. 7 Tertul. 1 . de 
+
+Coronib Fcftus, Fulgent. a A mcrcibus, ve! a mercium cur.a* 
+
+Fhiloftrat. in Soph. 3. b Lucian. Dial.. ApolL & Yule. 
+
+
+54 Qf tlse Gods of' the Heatlsens . 
+
+fceptre : He defignecl to fteal the thunder too. Inn 
+he was afraid led: it fhould burn him. 4. He v/as 
+mightily Ikilful in making peace ; and for that re-*, 
+fon was fometinies painted with chains of go]J 
+flowing from his mouth, with which he liiihe-f 
+together the minds of thofe that heard him. And 
+
+twJ ^ 
+
+he not only pacified mortal men, but alfo the im¬ 
+mortal gods of heaven and hell ; for, whenever they 
+quarrelled among themfelves, he compofed their 
+differences. 
+
+This appealing faculty of his is flgnified by the 
+rod that he holds in his hand, which Apollo here¬ 
+tofore gave him, becaufe he had given Apollo an 
+harp. c This rod had a wonderful faculty of de¬ 
+ciding all controverfies. This virtue was firfl dif- 
+covered by Mercury ; who feeing two for peats 
+fighting as he travelled, he put his rod between 
+them, and reconciled them prefently ; for they 
+mutually embraced each other, and duck to the rod, 
+which is called caduceus . From hence d all ein- 
+badadors fent to make peace are called Caduceatoreu 
+For as wars were denounced by e Feciales x fo they 
+were ended by Caduceatores . 
+
+Sect. III. Slcliojis of Mercury . 
+
+2 > . A RE any of his actions recorded in hiflorj’? 
+
+- 2 E*. iV/. Iges, feveral j and fucli as, in my judg¬ 
+ment, 
+
+
+c “ Pacts armorum, fu peris imifque Dcorum, 
+
+“ Arbiter, alato qui pede caipit iter.’* Ovid. Fail. I. 5. 
+
+Thee wing’cl-foot ali the Gods, both high and low. 
+
+The arbiter of peace and war allow. 
+c ‘ A tlar.tis Teg tine Nepo«, commune profimdis 
+“ Kt fuperis numen, qui fas per limen utrumque 
+44 Sclu- hahes, geminoque facis compendia mundo.** 
+
+I’air .Masa’s fon, whole pow’r alone doth reach 
+Heaven’s brijrhteft towers, and hell’s darkeft beach, * 
+
+O * * 
+
+A common God to both, can jarring worlds appeafe. 
+
+Glaiulinn tic Rapt Prof. 
+C Lcxic. JLut. in hoc verbo. 
+
+
+d Homer in Hymn is. 
+
+
+O'" ib: G > If of to: Ff ■ ithem. 
+
+
+55 
+
+
+1 
+
+
+ft t 
+
+
+m ent, do not much deferve to be remembered. 
+However, the following account is moll remark¬ 
+able. 
+
+He had a fon by his filler Venus, called f Hcrma - 
+iphrodituti who was a great hunter. In thole woods 
+* where he frequently hunted, a nymph called Sal~ 
+|mads lived, who greatly admired, and fell in love 
+Jwith him; for he was very beautiful, but a great 
+|woman hater. She often fempted the young man, 
+|but was often repulfed ; yet fire did not defpair. 
+|She lay in ambufh at a fountain where he uiually 
+^ came to bathe ; and, when he was in the water, lhe 
+£-alfo leaped in. to him: flit* could not, however, 
+3 overcome his extraordinary modefly. Thereupon, 
+n. it is faid. Hie prayed to the Gods above, that the 
+j :bodies of both might become one ; which was 
+granted. Hermaphrodittis was amazed when lie 
+I'iiuw this change of his body ; and deli red, that, for 
+his comfort, fome other perfon might be like him. 
+f He obtained his requefl ; for s whofoever walked 
+$jhinifelf in that fountain (called Salrnci-cis, in the 
+S country of Caria) became an hermaphrodite, that is, 
+had both fexes. I am unwilling to omit the fol¬ 
+lowing itory. 
+
+a A herdfman, whofe name was Battus , faw Mer- 
+
+fj* • * * 
+
+cury Healing Admetus’s cows from Apollo their 
+rj keeper. When Mercury perceived that his theft 
+k was difeovered, he went to Battus, and defired 
+£that he would fay nothing, and gave him a deli- 
+I cate cow. Battus promiled him fecrecy. Met- 
+? cury, to try his fidelity, came in another fhape to 
+i him, and alked him about the cows ; whether he 
+
+
+\ k\v them, or knew the place where the thief car¬ 
+ried them ? Battus denied it ; but Mercury preffed 
+km hard, and promifed that he would give him 
+both a bull and a cow if he would difeover it. 
+
+
+C 4 
+
+
+Witl 
+
+
+f /. c. Mcrcurio Venus nam 'Ep^n; efl Mercurius, & A $ao$.*r/i 
+
+g Ovid. Mctam. 1. 4 . 
+
+
+
+5 ^ 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathent. 
+
+
+With this promife he was overcome ; whereupop. 
+Mercury was enraged, and laying a fide his dilgiuil, 
+turned him into a Rone called .Index* This uory 
+Ovid deferibes in very elegant verfe }l . 
+
+The ancients tiled to let up Hatties where the 
+roads croiled : thefe itatues they called indices, be. 
+caufe, with an arm or Unger held out, they I'levcd 
+
+the way to this or that place. The Romans placed 
+
+fome in public places and highways ; as the ^Vt 1 Io¬ 
+nian s did at their doors, to drive away thieves; 
+and they called thefe itatues Herman from Mercury, 
+v/hofe Greek name was Hermes ; concerning which 
+if crime it is to be obferved, 
+
+1. Thicfe imapes have neither 1 hands nor feet; 
+
+• I 
+
+and from hence Mercury was called Cyllenius , end • 
+by contraction k Cyliius ; which words arc (lerivJ 
+from a Greek word Hgnilying a man without hauls 
+or feet - and not from Cyl/ene, a mountain in Arca¬ 
+dia, in which he is educated. 
+
+2. A purfe was ufualJy hung to a flatue of Mer¬ 
+cury, 1 to fignify that he was the God of Gain or 
+Profit, and presided over merchandifing ; in which, 
+becaufe many times things are done by fraud and 
+treachery, they gave him the name of Bolins. 
+
+3.. Tiic Romans ufed to join uiie flatu.es of Mer¬ 
+cury 
+
+
+h t£ At Buttu«, poft*jiiam eft merccs £cminata, Sub ilih 
+“ Aljmtibu-*, inquir, cranr ; & crant lub montibua illis. 
+
+“ Rilk .Arlani iades ; Ale niihi, perfide, prodis, ; 
+
+“ Ale niihi prodis, ait ? perjm-.ique pcclora vert it 
+“ In duram nlicem, qui nunc qu. qne dicitur index.” 
+Butius, on th* double proilbr, ttl b him, There, 
+
+Beneath thofe hills, beneath thofc hills they wire. 
+
+Then Hirrmes, laughing loud. What knave I lay. 
+
+Ale to myfelf, my he If to me In-tray ? 
+
+Then to a touckftcne turn’d Ids perjur’d breaft, 
+
+V/liofe nature now is in that name exprefb’d. 
+i Sunt .A.-t hic y.ui Herod. 1. 1 , k i. c 
+
+mium & pedum expert*. hil. Oynddus. 1 Alacreb. £c 
+
+apud hip. 
+
+
+. lvtf- 
+SuiJ- 
+
+
+
+
+if * 
+
+
+
+
+Of the Crods of the Heathen 
+
+
+<7 
+
+
+cury* and Minerva together; and thefe images they 
+called m Her//iathe?rc, and facrificeel to both deities 
+upon one and the fame altar. Thofe who had eleap- 
+cd any great danger, always olio rod fact bices to 
+Mercury : 11 They offered up a calf, and milk, and 
+honey, and efpecially the tongues of the facrifices, 
+which, with a great deal of ceremony, they call 
+into the fire, and then the facriiice was linilhed. 
+It is faid that the Megarenfes firlt ufed this cere¬ 
+mony. 
+
+
+CHAP. VIII 
+
+
+Sect. I. Bacchus. Ills Image. 
+
+M. TT THY do you laugh, Palceophilus ? 
+
+Y V T. Can any body forbear laughing, 
+who fees that filthy, fhainclcis, and immode/1 Goa, 
+placed next to Mercury, ° with a naked body, a red 
+lace, lafeivious looks, in an effeminate pod Lire, dif- 
+| pirited with luxury, and overcome with wine. His 
+fwoln cheeks refemble bottles ; his great belly, fat 
+, ;breafb, and his diftended fvvelling paunch, reprefent 
+i *a hogfliead, rather than a God to be carried in that 
+l • chariot. 
+
+f: M. That is no wonder ; for it is Bacchus him- 
+felf, the Go.l of wine, and the capful?’ anu emperor 
+\ of drunkards. He is crowned with ivy and vine 
+J. leaves, ancl has a thryfus in fie id of a iceptre, 
+•|which is a javelin with an iron head, encircled by 
+,-pvy or vine leaves, in his hand. p He is carried in 
+;ua chariot, which is fometimes drawn by timers and 
+jdions, and fometimes by lynxes and panthers : and, 
+
+C- 5 like 
+
+
+
+
+ni Cicero. n Paufan. in Attic. Ovid. MV tarn. 4 . Calliftrat, 
+Homer. o- Huripides in Bac«.his. p Ovid, de Arte Amancli, 
+Anibph, Scholiaft, in JPiututn* Strabo, 1 . 26. Ovid. Ale turn. 
+
+3* *4. • 
+
+
+5 * 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens • 
+
+
+like a king, he has his guards, q who are a drunken 
+band of fatyrs, demons, nymphs that prefide over 
+the wine-prelTes, fairies of fountains, and prieftdles, 
+Silenus oftentimes comes after him, fitting on an 
+afs that bends under his burden. 
+
+jP. But what’s here ? This Bacchus has got 
+horns, and is a young man without a beard: J 
+have heard that the inhabitants of Elis paint him 
+like an old man with a beard. 
+
+IVl, It is true. He is fometimes painted an old 
+man, and fometimes a fmootli and beardlefs boy, 
+as r Ovid and s Tibullus deferibe him. I fhall give 
+you the reafon of all thefe things, and of his horns, 
+mentioned alfo in Ovid % before I make an end of 
+this fable. 
+
+Sect. II. Defcc?it of Bacchus, 
+
+r PHE birth of Bacchus was both wonderful and 
+*** ridiculous, if the poets may be heard; as they 
+mud, when the difeourfe is about fables. 
+
+They tell us, that when Jupiter was in love with 
+Scmele, it railed Juno’s jealoufy higher than it ever 
+was before. Juno therefore endeavoured to deftroy 
+her ; and, in tiie fliape of an old woman, via ted 
+Semele, wifiied her much joy from her acquaint¬ 
+ance 
+
+
+q Cohors Satyrorum, Cobaloruxn, Eenarum, Naiad uni, atquc 
+Baccharum. 
+
+r-“ Tibi inconfumpta juventa ? 
+
+Tu pure arternus, ru formoiiflimus alto 
+4t Confpiceris ctelo, tibi, cum line curnibus adftas, 
+
+“ Virgincum caput eft.** 
+
+•-Still dofi: thou enjoy 
+
+Unverified youth ? Eternally a boy 
+
+Thou’rt icon in heaven, whom all perfections grace; 
+
+And, when unhorn’d, thou haft a virgin’s face, 
+s “ Solis acterna cfi. Phcebo Bncchoquc juventa.” 
+
+Phoebus and Bacchus only have eternal youth, 
+t “ Accedant capiti cornua, Bacchus eris.” 
+
+Clap to thy head a pair of horns, and Bacchus thou fiialt !>?* 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens' 59 
+
+tance with Jupiter, and advifed her to oblige him, 
+wiien he came, by an inviolable oath, to grant her 
+a requeft ; and then, fays fhe to Semele, ajk him to 
+vome to you as he is <iuont to come to Juno ; a?id he 
+will come clothed in all his glory, majefiy, and ho~ 
+nour. Semele was greatly pleafed with this advice ; 
+and therefore, when Jupiter vifited her next, flic 
+u begged a favour of him, but did not exprefsly 
+name the favour. Jupiter bound himfelf in the 
+moll foie mil oath to grant her requelt, let it be 
+what it would. Semele, encouraged by her lover’s 
+kindnefs, and little forefeeing that what fhe deli red 
+would prove her ruin, begged of Jupiter to come 
+to her embraces in the fame manner that he ca¬ 
+
+
+re lied Juno. What Jupiter had fo iblemnly fworn 
+trperform, he could not refufe. He could not re¬ 
+call his words, nor free himfelf from the obliga¬ 
+tion of his oath ; lo that he puts on all his terrors. 
+
+
+m rayed himfelf with his greateli glory, and in the 
+
+C 6 midlh 
+
+
+it ——Rogac ilia Jovcm line nomine muniu,. 
+
+“ Cui Deus : filige, ait, nullam patiere rcpulfum : 
+
+“ Qeoque magis credits, Srygii quoque coni'cia i'unto 
+“ Numina torrentis Timor, dc Deus illc Deoruni olfc. 
+n Lwto malt), mmiumquc potens, perituruque amaiuiv 
+“ Obfcquio, Semele : Qualem Katurnia, dixit, 
+
+<{ Tc: foiet ampledfi, Veneris cum fuedus initio, 
+
+“ Da mihi to tjleni.” 
+
+
+-She afk’d of Jove a gift unnam’d. 
+
+When thus tlie kind contenting God reply’d : 
+
+Speak hut the choice, it lhall not be deny’d : 
+
+And, to confirm thy faith, let Stygian Gods, 
+
+And all the tenants of hell’s dark abodes, 
+
+Witntfs my prorrufe ; thefe arc oaths that bind. 
+And Gods that keep e’en Jove himfelf confin’d. 
+Tranfported with the fad decree, file feels 
+hv’n mighev fatisfaciion in her ills; 
+
+And juft about to perish by tlic grant 
+And kind compliance of her fond gallant. 
+
+Says, Take Jove’s vigour, as you ufe Jove's name. 
+The fame the firength, and iinewy force the fame ; 
+As when you mount the great Saturnia's bed. 
+
+And, lock’d in her embrace, diiluiive glories fhed. 
+
+
+
+6 o Gy the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+mid ft of thunder and lightning entered Semele\ 
+houfe. w Her mortal body was not able to iloiul 
+tlie (hock; fo (lie perifhed in the embraces of fai¬ 
+lover; for the thunder ft ruck her down and ftupu 
+fied her, and the lightning reduced her to a flies. 
+»So fatal are the ralh defires of the ambitious! 
+When flic died fhe was.big with child of Bacchus; 
+who was preferved, after his mother’s deceafe, in 
+fuch a manner as will make you laugh to hear it; 
+for the K infant was taken out of his mother’s womb, 
+and fewed into Jupiter’s thigh ; from whence, in 
+fulncfs of time it was born ; and then Y delivered 
+into the hands of Mercury, to be carried into Eiu 
+boea, to Maoris the daughter of Ariftceus, z who 
+
+O' 
+
+immediately anointed his lips with honey, and 
+brought him up with great care in a cave, to which 
+there were two gates. 
+
+Sect. III. Names of Bacchus ♦ 
+
+W E will fir ft fpeak of his proper name, and 
+
+then come to his titles and furname. 
+Bacchus was fo called from a n Greek word which 
+fignifies to revet ; and, from the fame rcafon, the 
+wild women his companions are called b a hyuda 
+
+and 
+
+\v-“ Corpus mortale tumultus 
+
+“ Non tulit arthereos, donifque jugalibus arfit.” 
+
+Nor could her mortal body bear the fight 
+Of glaring beams, and ftrong celeftial light ; 
+
+Tut, fcorch’d all o’er with Jove’s embrace, expir’d. 
+
+And mourn’d the gift fo eagerly delir'd. 
+x-* Genctricis ab alvo 
+
+Eripitur, patrioque tencr (fi credere dignum eft) 
+
+Infuitur tcinori, maternaque tempora complet.** 
+
+'The impcrfedl babe, that in the womb does lie. 
+
+Was tu’en by Jove, and few’d into his thigh, 
+
+His mother's time accompli filing. 
+
+y leui ip. 13 ucch. Nat. Com. 1 . 4. z Apol. 4. Argon, 
+
+a Atro -Tit fiecxxivuv^ feu fsax^zoiv, ab infaniendo. Euftath. aptii 
+Lii. b A no rr t i a furore ac rabic. Virg, JE n. 4, 
+
+
+
+
+► / 
+'i 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+
+61 
+
+
+and c htdcenadcSy which words fignify m a chiefs and 
+folly. They were alfo called d Nlimail'jnes , that is, 
+
+*ini it at ors or mimics , be ca ufe they imitated Bacchus's 
+. actions. 
+
+c Biformisy bccaufc he was reckoned both a young 
+and an old man, with aboard and without a beard; 
+or bccaufc wine, whereof Bacchus is the emblem, 
+makes people fometlmes cheerful and plea fan t, 
+‘fometimes pceviPn and morofe. 
+
+He was named 1 Brlfcus, either {as fome think) 
+from the nymph his nurfe; or from the ufe of the 
+rrapes and honey, which lie invented, (for hrija 
+Signifies a bunch of prelied grapes; ; or elfe from 
+the promontory Brila in the illand of Lefbos, where 
+he was worHupped. 
+
+s Bromius , from the crackling of fire and noife 
+
+7 O 
+
+of thunder that were heard when his mother was 
+killed in the embraces of Jupiter. 
+
+11 Bimaier or Blmet-jr, bccaufe he had two mo¬ 
+thers ; the firlt was Semcle, who conceived him 
+in the womb; and the other, the thigh of Jupiter, 
+into which he was received after he was faved from 
+the lire. 
+
+He is called by divers of the Greeks 1 Id/genes? 
+that is, horn of an ox ; and frtfm thence Bind for - 
+m! v, or fauriceps : and he is luppofed to have 
+horns, becaufe he firlt ploughed with oxen ; or be¬ 
+came he was the foil of Jupiter Ammon, who had 
+the head of a ram. 
+
+k Divmon bonus, the good Angel; and in feafls, 
+after the victuals were taken away, the laft glafs 
+was drunk round to his honour. 
+
+Di- 
+
+
+c A (jt.tx.ivofAu.1 , infanio, fcrocio. d A ftipetoucu. imitor. 
+
+c Diod. apud X-.il. f Cornut. in Perl'. Sac. I. 
+
+g A to tou Bpoj&v, ab incendii crcpitu, tonitrufquc lbnitu. Ovid. 
+Mctum. h Idem, ibid. i Bwyr.r,;, i. e. a bove genitus, 
+
+Clemens S.rom, Euf. 1 . 4. P. scp. Evang. k JJiodor, 1 . j> 
+
+Mem, 1, 3, 
+
+
+
+dr ank arc is canM.r 
+
+
+62 Of the Gods of the Heathen's . 
+
+1 Didsryansh:/s , which iignifies cither that he un¬ 
+born twice, oh Scmele and of Jove ; or the dosLle 
+gate which the cave had in which he was broujlii 
+up • or perhaps it means that 
+keep fccrets ; but whatever is in the head ccm< : 
+into the mouth, and then burfls 211 forth, as fails* 
+it would out or two doors. 
+
+IHonyJius or i)ionyJ vi n , from his father Jupiter, 
+or from the nymphs called Nyjh •, by whom he v;u 
+nurfecl, as they fay ; or from a Greek word iiani- 
+lying 0 to prit h, becaufe Ire pricked cjs father's iide 
+with -his horns when lie was born ; or from Ink. 
+ter’s lameueis, p who limped when .Bacchus was in 
+his thigh; or from an 21 land among the Cyclades, 
+called Uia or Naxos, which was dedicated to him 
+when he married Ariadne; or, ktllhp, from the city 
+of Nyfa, in which. Bacchus reigned. 
+
+q Embus, or Evshus. For, in the war of the 
+giants, when Jupiter did not fee Bacchus, lie 
+thought that he was killed, and cried out, r 
+Jon! or becaufe, when he found that Bacchus had 
+overcome the giants, by changing himielf into a 
+lion, he cried out again, s Wed/. done, Jon. 
+
+1 Even?, from the acclamations of the Bacchan¬ 
+tes, who were therefore called Event tes. 
+
+Euchiits , u becaufe Bacchus fills his glafs plenti¬ 
+fully, even up to the brim. 
+
+w Eleleus and Elsu f, from the acclamation where¬ 
+with tliey animated the foldiers before the fight, or 
+
+en- 
+
+
+1 Area <r» ti; t;r tvoctv Kvc/.fictivuv, a bis in januam ingrediendo, 
+Dodor. Orig. Eufeb. m Q^ali per gem in am port am, life pro- 
+verbialitcr de vino, facit <ro rc/.tee. Oidupw. n Aro <rv Am a Jove, 
+Phurnut. in fab. o a vucrc-co, pungo, Lucian. Dial. p 
+
+3. e. claudus. Nonn. 1 . 9. q Eheu vhl Eheu fili! Eurip. in 
+
+Bacch. r Virg. -ffin. 7. s Ku vh \ Zuge fili! Cornu r. in 
+
+Perf. t Virg. _/En. 6 Ovid. Metam. 4. u Ab su%s», 
+
+i. e. bene ac large fundo. Nat. Com. 1 . 5. w Ab iXiXu ex- 
+
+chmatione bdlica. Ovid. Metam. 4. jSSfchyl. in Pronietli. 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 6^ 
+
+Pencournged them In the battle itfelf. The fame ac¬ 
+clamation was alfo ufed in celebrating the or- 
+igia, which were facri flees offered up to Bacchus. 
+
+x Lacchus was alfo one of his names, from the 
+:noiie which drunken men make: and this y title is 
+Goiveii him by Claudian ; from whofe account of 
+'% Bacchus we may learn, that he was not always 
+snaked, but fo me times clothed with the ikin of a 
+
+9 • 
+
+tiger. 
+
+Leiicem ; becaufe, as Donatus fays, z wine pal¬ 
+liates and afi'uages the furrows of mens minds. 
+But Servius thinks that this name, fince it is a 
+Greek name, ought not to be derived from a La¬ 
+tin word, as Donatus lays, but from a Greek 
+a word which lignifles the vat or prefs in which 
+wine is made. 
+
+b Liber and Liber Pater , from libero ; as in Greek 
+they call him rAn/fo***,-, £ h'Jcut bud os ], the deliverer $ 
+for he is the iymbol of Liberty, and was worihip- 
+ped in all free cities. 
+
+Ly ceus and Lyccuv Signify the fame with liber: for 
+wine c frees the mind from cares ; and thole who 
+have drank plentifully, fpeak whatever comes in 
+their minds, as d Ovid fays. 
+
+The 
+
+
+x Ab )ezKxivGj y clamo, vocifcror. 
+y-I^tufcjue fimul proccdit lacchus 
+
+
+. * k 
+
+^ <v 
+
+
+•HA 
+
+
+‘‘ Crinali ilorena hedera: Quem P’arthica Tigris 
+“ Vclat, & auratos in nodum colligit ungues.” 
+
+-The jolly God conics in, - 
+
+His hair with ivy twin’d, his clothes a tiger’s {kin 
+Whole golden claws arc clutch’d into a knot. 
+
+De raptu Profcrp. I. I. 
+
+z Quod leniat mentem vinum. a A vro tou Xtvcu or 
+
+i. e. torculari. Sei vius in Virg. Georg. 1. a. b Virg. licl. 7 . 
+
+Plutarch in Probl. Puufan. in Attic. c Aero <r« \vnv, i. e. a 
+
+lulvendo. 
+
+d “ Cura fugit, multo diluiturque mero.” 
+
+Tiie plenteous bowl all care d dp els. 
+
+
+» # 
+1 
+
+
+Ov, da Art. Aw. 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+6 4 Of th c Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+The Sacrifices of Bacchus were celebrated in the 
+night, wherefore he is called e A 'ytiilius. 
+
+Becaufe he was educated upon the mountain 
+Nifa, he is called 1 's'fu.s f . 
+
+Retins, oj 'Orthos'], becaufe he taught a king 
+of Athens to dilute his wine with water ; thus 
+men, who through much drinking daggered be. 
+fore, by mixing water with their wine, begin to 
+go / Iruight . 
+
+His mother Semcle and his nurfe were fometiir.es 
+called 7 hyo\ therefore from thence they called him 
+e T’hyonet/s . 
+
+Laflly, he was called h T*i urn ft h us ; becaufe when 
+in triumph the conquerors went into the capital, 
+the Soldiers cried out, Jo friuwpheJ 
+
+Sect. V. slcitens of Bacchus. 
+
+ACC 1 IUS invented 1 fo many things ufcful to 
+mankind, either in finifiiing controverliain 
+building cities, in making laws, or in obtaining 
+victories, that he was declared a God by the joint 
+Suffrages of the whole world. And indeed, wl.ut 
+could not Bacchus himfelf do, when his prieitclks, 
+by finking tlie earth with their thyr.fi, drew frith 
+rivers of milk, and honey, and wine, and wrought 
+Several fuch miracles, without the leaf! labour? 
+and yet they received their whole power from 
+
+Bacchus. 
+
+i. He invented the k ufe of wine ; and fill 
+taught the art of planting the vine from whence it 
+is made ; as alfo the art of making honey, and of 
+tilling the earth. This 1 he did among the people 
+of Egypt, who therefore honoured him as a God, 
+
+lid 
+
+
+
+a 
+
+
+e Kif>i]iXieo y i. e. nc<Se pcrficio. Phurnut. in Bacch. Ovid. Met. 4. 
+. f Ovid. ib. g H'>r. Carm. 1. r. h ©»/«^/3*s, Var. do 
+
+l.ing. Lat. i Diod. 1. 5. Rift. & Orof. 1. a. Hor. Bp. 2. 
+
+k Ovid. Faftorum. 3 , 1 Dion, de Situ Orbif. Vide Nat* 
+
+Com, 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+s^iid called him Ofirh . Let Bacchus have honour, 
+Recallfe he invented the art of planting vines : but 
+•Jet him not refufe to die a is of Napulia its praifes, 
+:\vho, by gnawing vines, taught the art of pruning 
+them. 
+
+' ?. He invented m commerce and merchandife* 
+band found out navigation, when he was king of 
+Nphomicia. 
+
+
+>?. 
+
+$ 
+
+
+
+¥ • 
+
+
+2. Whereas men ivandercd about unfettled, like 
+
+o * 
+
+thealls, n he reduced them into fociety and union : 
+■ijle taught them to worihip the Gods, and was ex- 
+Jcellciit in prophefying. 
+
+4. He fuhdued India and many other nations, 
+on an elephant : 0 he vicloriouily fubdued 
+
+''E.pvpt, Syria, Phrygia, and all the call ; where he 
+[ civded pillars, as Hercules cl *d in the Weil : He 
+| iiric invented triumphs and crowns for kings. 
+
+5. Bacchus was deilrous to reward Midas the 
+Ling of Phrygia (of whofe afs’s ears we fpake be- 
+
+fibre), becaufe he had done foine for vice to him ; 
+and bid him a lie what he would. Midas deli red, 
+that whatsoever lie touched mi Hit become geld. 
+
+• O O 
+
+1P Bacchus was troubled that Midas afked a gift 
+|Hh:it might prove ib deftrudlive to liimiclf; how- 
+4ever, he granted his requell, and gave him the 
+jj power he deli red. Immediately whatever hiidas 
+I touched became gold ; nay, when he touched his 
+,I meat or drink, they alfo became gold : when there¬ 
+fore he faw that he could not efcane death by hun- 
+| ger or dark, he then perceived that he had foolifh- 
+
+17 
+
+
+W 
+
+ft- 
+
+is 
+
+
+I? 
+
+
+I 
+
+
+m Idem, ibid. n Ovid. Faflorrm, Kuripid. in Beech, 
+o Di<n. do Situ Orb is Vide Nat. Com. 
+
+P “ Auiiuit optatis, nocituraquc muncra folvit 
+11 Liber; & indoluit, quxl non mciiora pctiblet.’* 
+
+Io him hi . harmful vvilh l^y.'uus j^ives, 
+
+^nd at the v/eaknefs of’s requeit he grieves. 
+
+‘‘ L. tutus habet, gaudctque mulo ” 
+
+Oh'ihe departs, and joys in’s mifery. 
+
+
+On. Aid. it . 
+
+
+
+
+66 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+
+ly begged a deft ruclive gift; and, repenting Ins bar, 
+gain, he defired Bacchus to take his gift to himftl: 
+again. Bacchus confented, and hid him bathe in 
+the river Paftolus: Midas obeyed; and from hence 
+the fand of that river became gold ; and the river 
+was called Chry/orrhoos or siurijlavs . 
+
+6. When he was yet a child, fome Tyrrhenian 
+mariners found him afiuep, and carried him into 2 
+fhip : wherefore he nrfh flupifiecl them, Hopping 
+the fliip in fuch a manner that it was immoveable. 
+Afterwards he caufed vines to fpring up in the fiiip 
+on a fad den, and ivy twining about the oars ; and 
+when the feamen were almoil dead with the fright. 
+
+
+0 
+
+
+he threw them headlong: into the fea, and changed 
+
+u ' 0 
+
+them into dolphins i} . 
+
+
+Sect. V. J he Sacrifices cf Bacchus . 
+
+
+1 
+
+
+who offered them ; and, thirdly, the facriiicei 
+themfelves, which are celebrated with peculiar ce- 
+remonies. 
+
+1. Amongft trees and plants, r thefe were facred 
+or confecrated to Bacchus, the fir, the ivy, bind, 
+weed, the fig, and the vine. Among animals, tli< 
+dragon and the magpie, dignifying the talkativencli 
+of drunken people. The goat was fiain in his fa- 
+crifices, becaufe it is a creature deftrudbive to the 
+vines. And, among the Egyptians, they facriiked 
+a fwine to his honour before their doors.' 
+
+2. The pricks and prieftelies of Bacchus were 
+5 the Satyrs, the Sileni, the Naiades, but efpccklij 
+the revelling women called Bacchev , from Bacchus’; 
+name. 
+
+3. Tiie facrifices themfelves were various, and 
+celebrated with different ceremonies, according to 
+
+"the 
+
+
+<1 Ovid Metam. 3 . r Xenophon in S.-cerd. Plutarch In Pr<>b- 
+Syuip. Eurip. ia Baeeii. ITorodot. Euterpe. s Vide Nut. Com.].: 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+
+*7 
+
+
+¥ ' 
+4 
+
+
+Bk 
+
+
+4 
+
+d 
+
+f 
+
+
+m 
+
+
+a 
+
+
+
+
+e variety of places and nations. They were cele- 
+ruted on Hated days of the year, with the greateft 
+ligion, or rather with the ranked profanenefs 
+nd impiety. 
+
+Ofcophorio s were the Hr ft facrifices offered up to 
+' acchus : they were firft inftituted by the Phccni- 
+jans; and when they were celebrated, the boys, 
+irrying vine leaves in their hands, went in ranks 
+raying, from the temple of Bacchus to the chapel 
+f Fallas. 
+
+The c Tricterica were celebrated in the winter, 
+y night, by the Bacchas, who went about armed, 
+inking a great noife, and foretelling, as it was be- 
+eved, things to come. Thefe facrifices were in- 
+’tied trieterica , becaufc Bacchus returned from his 
+[ndian expedition after three years. 
+
+\ The u Epilernea were games celebrated in the 
+ime of vintage (after that the prefs for fqueezing 
+lie grapes was invented). They contended with 
+ne another, in treading the grapes, who fhould 
+boneft prefs cut moil muft ; and in the mean time 
+hey fung the praifes of Bacchus, begging that the 
+nuft might be fwcet and good. 
+
+v Cansphoi'ia , among the ancient Athenians,* 
+r ere performed by marriagable virgins, who car- 
+ied golden bafleets filled with the firft-fruits of the- 
+ear. w N"everthelefs, fome think that thefe facri— 
+ces were inftituted to the honour of Diana ; and 
+hat they did not carry fruit in the bafket, but pre- 
+cats wrought with their own hands, which they 
+aicred to this Ooddefs, to teftify that they were 
+Iciirous to quit their virginity, and marry. 
+
+Abutunu were feafts celebrated in honour oi 7 
+lacchus, fetting forth liow greatly men are x decei¬ 
+ved 
+
+
+1 
+
+
+s Paufan. jn Att. t Ovid. Fad. &. Mctamorph. 9. 11 Sc’.o- 
+
+in Ai itlpphan. v Demarat. in Certam Dionyf. w l>o- 
+^'h. Sydor., apud Nat Com. x A decipiondo, ab o’.n'xra&i, lal.fi- 
+^w.aiuut; A.r a-rugHc. Vide Nar. Com. li: Bac. 
+
+
+
+Ou. 
+
+
+68 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+ed by wine. Thefe feflivals were principally 
+ferved by the Athenians. 
+
+slmbrqfia y were feflivals obfervecl in January, 
+month facred to Bacchus : for which reafon i)\k 
+month was called Lauvus , or Ltnai, be can if f 
+wine was brought into the city about that t!n. 
+
+2 But the Romans called thefe fcails 
+from Bruxuiy one of the names of Bacchus amor; 
+them : and they celebrated them twice a-year, 
+the months of February and Augnft. 
+
+yilfc<jlia 9 fcails l'o called, from a Greek a word i:-J 
+nifying a horacho , or /cathern bottle; fcvoral c 
+which were produced filled with air, or, as othe : 
+fay, with wine. b The Athenians were wont t: 
+leap upon them with one foot, fo that they vcv.!: 
+fometimes fall down j however, they thought th; 
+did a great honour to Bacchus hereby, bocaufe th; 
+trampled upon the ikins of the goats, who is th 
+greateil enemy to the vines. But among the lb 
+mans, rewards were diilributed to thofe who, h 
+artificially leaping upon the leathern bottles, over¬ 
+came the reil; and then all of them together calk; 
+aloud upon Bacchus confufedly, and in verfes v.: 
+poliihed ; and putting on mafks made of hark, tire- 
+carried his flatue about their vineyards, daubiis 
+their faces with the dregs of wine: fo rctiu.H 
+ing to his altar again, from whence they can,? 
+they prefented tlicir oblations in bafons to liiit 
+and burnt them. And, in the laft place, they la::] 
+upon the high ell trees little wooden or earth, 
+images of Bacchus, which, from the final lucid <- 
+their months, were called Ofcil/a ; they int'-T.l-| 
+that the places, where thefe fmall images were i; 
+up in the trees, fliould be as it were fo rui, 
+watch-towers, from whence Bacchus might Jen 
+
+a ■ w 
+
+
+y Aclociplendo, ab Acraraw, fallo, di&a. fimfc Acrx-TUfs-z. ^ 
+Nu. Com. in Bac. z Cad. Rliocl. 1 . 18. cl 5. a Ab 
+
+Tzoifcs in Hcfiod. b Mcnand. 1. de Myfteiv 
+
+
+a C\ 
+
+
+u tcis. 
+
+
+►.k 
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+
+C 9 
+
+
+•'after the vines, and fee that they fufFered no inju¬ 
+res. Thefe fcftivals, and the images hung up 
+v^xieii they were celebrated, are elegantly de¬ 
+fer j bed by c Virgil, in the fccond book of It is 
+
+fjeorgics. 
+
+* Lailiy, the Bacchanalia , or Rionyfia, or Ovgia ? 
+^erc the feaRs of Bacchus d , among the Romans, 
+T^liich at full: were folemnifed in February, at 
+jjiid-clay, by women only ; but afterwards they were 
+.performed by men and women together, and young 
+(tfcys and girls, wh*, in a word, left no fort of 
+jilv/dnefs and debauchery uncommitted: for, upon 
+t^is occadon, rapes, whoredoms, poifon, murder, 
+d luch abominable impieties, were promot- 
+under a pretence of religion, till c the fen ate 
+iy an edidl abrogated this festival, as Dingon- 
+dus did at Thebes, fays Cicero f , hccaufe of' their 
+Imdncjfc r. Which alfo Pentheus king of Thebes 
+attempted, but with ill fuccefs : for the Bacclue bar- 
+tproully killed him ; whence came the Rory, that 
+jjs mother and filters tore him in pieces, fancying 
+
+h Vi 
+
+
+A ; 
+
+
+§ 
+
+
+u 
+
+
+
+"-■“ Atque inter pocula lre-ti 
+
+8“ Multibus in prutis un< 5 tus ialicrc per ufres : 
+
+1 “ Nec non Aufonii, Troja gens mifla, coloni, 
+
+“ Veiiibus incomptis ludunt, rifuque foiuto, 
+
+“ Oraque corticibus fumunt horrenda cavatis : 
+
+lit te, Bacchc, vocant per carmina lana, tibique 
+41 Ofcilla ex alta fufpendunt niollia pini. 
+
+“ Hinc omnia largo pubefcit vinca io^tu,” 5 cc. 
+
+And glad with Bacchus, on the graffy foi], 
+heap o’er the fkins of goats befmear'd with oil. 
+
+’i'Juis Roman youth, deriv’d from ruin’d Troy, 
+li rude Saturnian rhimes exprefs their joy: 
+
+Inform’d with vizards cut from barks of trees, 
+
+With taunts and laughter loud their audience pleafe 7 
+hi jolly hymns they praife the God of wine, 
+
+Whofe earthen images adorn the pine. 
+
+And there are hung on high, i:i honour of the vine. 
+
+A madiiels fo devout the vineyard fills, &c. 
+d Virg. Georg. 4. AE11. 6, & 7. e Tiv. 1 . 9. Augufl, 6. dc 
+
+lv k i Cic. de Teg. 1 . z. c. ix. 
+
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+he was a boar. s There is a ftory beiides, that Al 
+cithoe the daughter of Ninjas, and her filler, be, 
+caufe, defpiftng the facrifices of Bacchus, they Ibid 
+at home, and ipun while the Orgia were celebrau 
+ing, were changed into bats. h And there is alfo 
+ail idle ftory, that Lycurgus, who attempted man? 
+times to hinder thefe Bacchanalia in vain, cut oli 
+his own legs, becaufe he had rooted up the Vines to 
+the diftionour of Bacchus^ 
+
+Sect. VJ. fhe hiftorical fenfe of the Fable . Bacchus 
+
+an emblem either of Nimrod or Alofes . 
+
+
+T Find two meanings applied to this fable ; for 
+
+fome faj, that 1 Bacchus is the fame with Nim. 
+rod : the reafons of which opinion are, i. The li. 
+militude of the words Bacchus and Burrhus, which 
+fignifies the foil of Chits , that is, Nimrod . 2. They 
+
+think the name of Nimrod may allude to the He* 
+brew word Namur , or the Chaldee, Namer, a tiger\ 
+and accordingly k the chariot of Bacchus was drawn 
+by tigers, and himfelf clothed with the ikin of 2 
+tiger. 3. Bacchus is fometimes called 1 Nebroda, 
+which is the very fame as Nimrodus. Mofes ftiles 
+Nimrod a great hunter ; and we find that Bacchus 
+is ftiled m Zagrius , which in Greek fignifies the 
+fame thing. I did not, indeed, mention the name 
+of Bacchus among the reft before, becaufe I de¬ 
+ft gn not a nice and complete account of every 
+thing : nor is it abfurd to fay, that Nimrod prelided 
+over the vines, fince he was 11 die firll king of Ba¬ 
+bylon, where were the mo ft excellent wines, as the 
+ancients often fay. 
+
+Others think that Bacchus is 0 Mofes, becaufe 
+
+man; 
+
+
+g Ovid. Metam. 4. h Apud Nat. Com. i Bochart to 
+
+Phalcg. k Anthol. 1. I. c. 38. Ep. 1 m Z uyeiu- 
+
+i. e. Robsftus Vei ator. n Ex Athcnseo. o VolTuis apd 
+
+Sochart. in fuo Canaan. & Huet, in Dcmonftr. Evangel, 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens • *jt 
+
+any tilings in the fable of the one feem derived 
+om the liiftory of the other ; for, firft, fome feign 
+lat he was born in Egypt, and prefently Unit up 
+an ark, and thrown upon the waters as Mofes 
+as. 2. The furname of p Bitnatcr. , which be- 
+ugs to Bacchus, may be afcribed to Mofes, who, 
+elides one mother by nature, had another by adop- 
+king Pharaoh’s daughter. 3. They were 
+
+
+
+
+oth beautiful men, brought up in Arabia, good 
+‘oldiers, and had women in their armies. 4. Or- 
+heus directly ftyles Bacchus q a lawgiver, and calls 
+: Mofes y and further attributes to him s the 
+
+
+IITl 
+
+
+wo tables of the laic. 5. Befides, Bacchus was 
+lulled c Bicornis ; and accordingly the face of Mo-* 
+5 appeared double-horned when he came down 
+[rom the mountain, where he had fpoken to God ; 
+ie rays of glory that darted from his brow refem- 
+'ling the fprouting out of horns* 6. As fnakes 
+tere facriliced, and a do a* given to Bacchus as a 
+
+' OO 
+
+lompanion, fo Mofes had his companion Calebs 
+-Inch in Hebrew families a dor. 
+
+O cj 
+
+7. And as the Bac elite brought water from a 
+ock, by linking it with tlieir thyifus, and the 
+:ountry wherever they came flowed with wine, 
+ailk, and honey ; fo the land of Canaan, into 
+
+Inch Mofes conduced the IfrAelites, not only 
+owed with milk and honey, but with wine alfo $ 
+as appears from that large bunch of grapes which 
+:wo men carried upon a ftaff betwixt them. 
+
+8. Bacchus w dried up the rivers Orontes and 
+Hydafpes, by ftriking them with his thyrfus, and paf- 
+ed thro’ them, as Mofes palled thro’ the Red Sea. 
+
+9. It is alfo faid, x that a little ivy ftick thrown 
+town by one of the Bacchte upon the ground, crept 
+like a dragon, and twilled itfclf about an oak. And, 
+
+lOi' 
+
+
+p Ai/zjjTMa' q &£<rjuo$vgov. r Moa'ijy. 
+,X(K f 29. t liurip in Bacch. 
+
+w Nona.in Dionyf. 1. 23, 25, 35, & 45. 
+
+
+8 AiTf^axa, '%ier/xov i 
+
+u Numbers xii. 14. 
+
+x A pud euudem* 
+
+
+
+
+4 
+
+
+7 s 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens - 
+
+
+io. That y the Indians once were all covered 
+with darknefs, wliilit thofe Bacchae enjoyed a p,-r. 
+feci day. 
+
+From whence you may colledt, that the ancient 
+inventors of fables have borrowed many thin^ 
+from the Holy Scriptures to patch up their con. 
+ceits. z Thus Homer fays, that Bacchus w ref [led 
+with Pallene, to whom he yielded : which fable is 
+taken from the hiflory of the angel wrellling with 
+Jacob. a In like manner, Paufanius reports, that 
+the Greeks at Troy found an ark which was 1 acred 
+to Bacchus ; which when Euripilus had opened, 
+and viewed tJic flatue of Bacchus laid therein, lie 
+was prefently flruck with madnefs. The ground of 
+which fable is in the Second Book of Kings, where 
+the facred hi flory relates, that the Beth (hem ite> 
+were dcflroyed bj' God, becaufe they looked with 
+too much curiofity into the ark of the covenant, 
+b Again, the poets feign, that Bacchus was angry 
+with the Athenians, becaufe they defpifed his ib- 
+lemnities, and received them not with due re 1 peel, 
+when they were firfl brought-by Pcgafus out of Ba?- 
+otia into Attica : whereupon he afflicled them with 
+a grievous difoafe in the focret parts, for which 
+there was no cure, till, by the advice of the oracle, 
+they performed the reverences due to the God, ami 
+erected Phalli, that is, images of the afflicted parts 
+to his honour ; whence the feafts and facrifices cal¬ 
+led PLcidica were yearly celebrated among the A- 
+thenians. This fable is limilar to the hiflory of the 
+Philiflines % whom God punifhed with the emerods 
+for their irreverence to the ark ; and who, on 
+confulting the diviners thereupon, were told, that 
+they could noways be cured, unlefs they made 
+
+. golden 
+
+
+y Nonnius Vof. ap. Bochart. hi Can. z Horn. Iliad- 4 $- 
+
+a Paufan. in Achaic. b Ariflot. Schol. in Acarn. a6t 3. Seen. I> 
+c l Sam. v. 
+
+
+4 
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 73 
+
+olden images of emerods, and confecratecl them to 
+
+
+o 
+
+
+1 
+
+
+OB. 
+
+
+■s 
+
+
+I 
+
+¥ 
+
+
+m 
+
+jECT. VII. Ihe moral Se?ife of the Fable . 
+
+the Symbol of Wine . 
+
+
+Bacchus 
+
+
+t 
+
+
+Nt rlNE and its effects are underftood in this fable 
+of Bacchus. Let us begin with the birth of 
+Jacchus. When I imagine Bacchus in Jupiter’s 
+high, caufing him to limp, it brings to my mind 
+he representation of a man that is burthened and 
+overcome with drink ; who not only halts, but 
+eels and Humbles, and madly rufhes wherever the 
+orce of the wine carries him. 
+
+Was Bacchus taken out of the body of his mo- 
+hcr Semele, in the midft of thunder and light— 
+bing ? fo, after the wine is drawn out of the butt, 
+jit produces quarrels, violence, noife, and confufion. 
+Bacchus was educated by the Naiades, the nymphs 
+f the rivers and fountains 5 whence men may learn 
+0 dilute their wine with water. 
+
+But Bacchus is an eternal boy 5 and do not the 
+joldell men become children by too much drink ? 
+
+oes not excels deprive us of that reafon which 
+diflinguifhes men from boys ? 
+
+Bacchus is naked, as he is who has loft his fenfes 
+J drinking: he cannot conceal, he cannot hide any 
+hing. d Wine always fpeaks truth 5 it opens alJ 
+he fecrets of the mind and body too ; of which let 
+oah be a witnefs. 
+
+The poet fays c Bacchus has horns ; and from 
+tnence we may learn that Bacchus makes as many 
+iorned as Venus. 
+
+D Nor 
+
+
+Let us begin with the birth of 
+
+
+I 
+
+A 
+
+II 
+
+
+Si 
+
+-.1 
+
+* i 
+
+
+
+
+h 
+
+1 
+
+
+» 
+
+1 
+
+
+r 
+
+
+
+
+J 
+
+
+d In vino veritas, <e Erafm. in Adag.” 
+c “ Accedant capiti cornua, Bacchus eris. 1 ’ 
+l 3 ut but on horns, and Bacchus thou flialc be* 
+
+
+Ov. Saj>b 
+
+
+
+-74 Qf the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+Nor does f wine make men only forget their cares 
+and troubles, but it renders s even the meam-il 
+people bold, infolent, and fierce, exercifing their 
+fury and rage againft others, as a mad ox gores 
+■with its horns. 1 know very well that it was the 
+opinion of lome, that Bacchus was faid to be horn, 
+ed, becaufc the cups out of which wine was drank 
+were formerly made of horn h . 
+
+He is crowned with ivy; becaufc that plant (b 
+ing always green and ilouriflung, and as it wee 
+young) by its natural coldneis, a Ullages the heat 
+occaiioned by too much wine. 
+
+He is both a young and an old man ; becaufe 
+sis a moderate quantity of wine incieafes the ft r eng 
+of the body, fo excefs of wine deft toys it. 
+
+Women only celebrated the facrifices of Enc 
+chus ; and of them, thgfe only who were enragi 
+•and intoxicated, and had abandoned themfelvest 
+all forts of wickednefs. Accordingly, wine eft 
+urinates the rnoft mafeuline minds, and difpofe 
+them to luxury. It begets anger, and {firs up nit 
+to madnefs: and therefore lions and tigers draw di 
+chariot of Bacchus. 
+
+The men and women both celebrated the Bac 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+chanalia in maiks: it is well that they were a ill am 
+
+ed of their faults ; their modefty had not quit 
+
+left them ; fonre remains of it were yet hid unde 
+
+* * 
+
+thole difguifes, which would otherwife have bee 
+utterly loft by the impudence of the ill words an 
+aflions which were heard and feen on thofe occa 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+i 
+
+
+iioirs. 
+
+
+And does not wine malic and difguife ti 
+
+
+ftrangdy 
+
+
+i' “ Cura fugit, mr.lto diluiturque mere.” 
+
+Full bowls expel all grief, diffolve al care, 
+g “ Tunc veniunt rifus, tunc pauper cornua fumit.** 
+By wine and mirth the beggar grows a king, 
+h Porphyr, in •% Carm, Korat. unde quail 
+
+I.il. Gyrald. 
+
+4 
+
+
+Of the Gods cf the Heathens. 75 
+
+.rangely? Does it not make men beads, and turn 
+me into a lion, another into a bear, and another 
+to a fwine or an afs ? 
+
+I had almofl forgot to tell you, that Bacchus is 
+ometimes merry, and fometimes fad and morofe : 
+or, indeed, what cheriihes the heart of man fo 
+ucli as wine ? What more delightfully refrefh.es 
+>c fpirits and the mind, than tliat natural neclar, 
+hat divine medicine, which, when wc have takeji, 
+our griefs are pacified, our for rows abated, ar.d 
+lothing but clieerfulnefs appears in our countc- 
+ance. 
+
+The vine is fo beneficial to this life, as to make 
+me fuppofc, k that the happincfs of one confids in 
+he enjoyment of the other 5 but they do not con¬ 
+dor, tliat if wine be the cradle of life, yet it is the 
+rave of reafon ; for if men conftantly fail in the 
+d fca of claret, their fouls are oftentimes drown- 
+|J in it. It blinds them, and leads them under 
+arknefs, efpecially when it begins to draw the 
+arkles and little ftars from their eyes. Then, the 
+\01\y being drowned in drink, the mind floats, or 
+He is flranded. Thus, too great love of the vine 
+> pernicious to life ; for from it come more faults 
+!ian grapes, and it breeds more mifehiefs than 
+utters. Would you fee an indance of what you 
+ad? Obfcrve a drunken man: O bead ! See how 
+is head totters, his hams fink, his feet fail, his 
+: ands tremble, his mouth froths, his cheeks are 
+abby, his eyes fparkle and water, his words are 
+nmtelligible, his tongue faulters and flops, his 
+hroat fends forth a nafty loathfome flench. But 
+
+D 2 what 
+
+
+i “ Tunc dolor curru, rogaque frontis abeft.” 
+
+Our furrows* flee, we end our grief and fears, 
+
+No thoughtful wrinkle in our face appears. 
+
+0 vid dc Artc A nxr.d: 
+
+b In vitc homiuis vitam efie dicercs. 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+what do I fay ? it is not my bufinefs now to tell 
+truth, but fables* 
+
+
+CHAP. IX. 
+
+Sect. I. Mars. His Image . 
+
+P. \ S far as I fee, we mufl tarry in this place 
+JLX all night. 
+
+M. Do not fear it: for I fiiall not fay fo much 
+of the other Gods as I have faid of Bacchus ; and 
+efpeciallyT hope that Mars, whofe image is next, 
+will not keep us fo long- 
+
+i J . Do you call him Mars y that is fo fierce and 
+four in his afpedt ? Terror is every where in his. 
+looks, as well as in his drefs : he fits in a chariot' 
+drawn by a pair of liorfes, which are driven by 2 
+diftradted woman ; he is covered with armour, and 
+brandifiies a fpear in his right hand, as though he 
+breathed fire and death, and threatened every body 
+with ruin and deftrudtion. 
+
+M. It is Mars liimfelf, the God of %var, whom! 
+have often fecn on liorfeback, in a formidable man¬ 
+ner, with a whip and a fpear together. A dog was 
+confecrated to him, for his vigilance in the purfuit 
+of his prey; a wolf, for his rapacioufnefs and perfpi- 
+cacity; a raven, becaufe he diligently follows armies 
+when they march, and watches for the carcafcs oi 
+the {lain ; and a cock, for his wakefulnefs, where-, 
+by he prevents all furprife. But, that you may 
+under (land every thing in that pidture, obferve, 
+that the creatures which draw the chariot are not 
+liorfes, but Fear and Terror. Sometimes Difcord 
+goes before them in tatter’d garments, and Cla¬ 
+mour and Anger go behind. Yet fome fay that 
+Fear and Terror are fervants to Mars ; and accord¬ 
+ingly) 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens, 77 
+
+jngly he is 119? more 1 awful and imperious in his 
+Commands than, they are m ready and exa£l in thei r 
+bedience ; as we learn from the poets. 
+
+P, Who is the woman that drives the chariot ? 
+M- She is Be lionet^ the 11 goddefs of war, and the 
+:ompanion of Mars ; or, as others fay, his lifter, 
+r wife, or both. She prepares for him his cha- 
+iot and horfes when he goes to fight. It is plain 
+hat fhe is called Be Ilona from helium • She is 
+itherwife called Due Ilona , from due Hum, or from 
+:he Greek word \helone ], a needle , whereof 
+
+s is faid to be the inventrefs. Her priells, the 
+ellonarii, facrificed to her in their own blood : 
+hey 0 hold in each hand naked fwords, with which 
+[hey cut their fhoulders, and wildly run up and 
+'own like men mad and poHefted ; whereupon 
+people thought that (after the facrificewas ended) 
+•hey were able to foretell future events. Claudian 
+introduces Bellona combing fnakes i and another 
+
+D 3 poet 
+
+
+1 “ Fer galeam, Bellona, mihi, nexufque rotarum : 
+
+“ Tcnde, Pavor, Frana ; rapidos, Formido, jugales.” 
+
+My helmet let Bellona bring : Terror, my traces fit ; 
+
+And, panic Fear, do thou the rapid driver fit. 
+
+Claud, in Ruf. 
+
+m — - < { fsevit medio in certamine Mavors, 
+
+“ Coelatus ferro, triftefque ex ;ethera Dircc, 
+
+“ Ft feifla gaudens vadit aifeordia palla, 
+
+“ cum fanguineo fequitur Bellona flagcllo.** 
+
+Mars in the middle of the filming* fliield 
+Is grav’d, and ftrides along the liquid field. 
+
+Fhe Diras come from heav’n with quick defeent : 
+
+And Difcord, dy’d in blood, with garments rent. 
+
+Divides the preis : Her fteps Bellona treads. 
+
+Who fhakes her iron rod above their heads. 
+
+n o*i* i . Virg. JEh. g. 
+
+Sums, 1 . 4. Statius, Theb. I. 7. o Scdtis humeris & 
+
+traque manu diftri&os gladiou exerentes, currunt, efferuntur, in- 
+
+an T lu ”t* hadlantius, 1 . 1. c. I %, p Juven. Sat. 4. Lucan. 
+
+1. Eutrop. 
+
+1 1 facie*m quatiens, & flavum fanguine multo.” 
+
+“ Sparfa 
+
+
+* 
+
+
+
+7 S 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+
+
+poet deferibes her fhaking a burning torch, with 
+her hair hanging loofe, ftainecl and clotted with 
+blood, and running through the midft of the ranks 
+of the army, and uttering horrid fhrieks and dread, 
+ful groans. 
+
+O m . 
+
+Before the temple of tins Goddefs there flood a 
+pillar called Bcllica , r over which the herald threw 
+a fpear when he proclaimed war. 
+
+Sect. II. Defcent of Mars. 
+
+ARS is faid to be the foil of Jupiter and Ju- 
+no, though, according to Ovid’s flory, he 
+is the child of Juno only : for, fays he, Juno great¬ 
+ly wondered how it was polliblc that her hufband 
+Jupiter had conceived Minerva, and begot her him- 
+fell', without the concurrence of a mother (us v.e 
+llia -11 fee in the hiflory of jViinerva) ; as foon, however, 
+as her amazement ceafed % flie, being defirous of per¬ 
+forming the like, went to Oceanus to afk his ad- 
+
+O 1 
+
+vice, whether flie could have a child without her 
+hulband’s concurrence. She was tired in her jour- 
+ney, and fat down at tire door of the goddefs Flo¬ 
+ra 5 who, underflanding the occafion of her jour, 
+ney, defired her to be of good heart ; for flic had 
+in her garden a flower, which, if flie only touched 
+with the tips of her fingers, the fmell of it would 
+make her conceive a fon presently. So Juno v/r.5 
+carried into the garden, and the flower fhewn her: 
+flie touched it, and conceived Mars, who after* 
+
+wad 
+
+
+ct 
+
+u 
+
+
+Sparfa enmam, roedias acies Beilona pererrat* 
+
+Stridct Tartarea nigro Tub pedlorc Diva 
+“ Dethifcrum murmur.Sil. lib. 5 * 
+Her torch Bellona waving through tlie air, 
+
+Sprinkles with clotted gore her flaming hair. 
+
+And through both armies up and down doth flee, 
+
+Whilft from her horrid breafl ’i'ifiph.one 
+A dreadful murmur lends. 
+
+r Alex, ab Alexandra, 1 . 8. c. IZ* s Honieri Hind 5. 
+
+tleflod. in Theog. 
+
+
+
+**» • 
+. ► 
+*r 
+
+• s 
+
+J / 
+♦- 
+
+-'J 
+
+
+t 
+
+‘i 
+
+
+Of the Gods o f the Heathens - 7 O' 
+
+■ard took to wife c Merio or Nferione, (which word 
+in the Sabine language dignifies u valour and 
+irenpth) ; and from her die Claudian family for¬ 
+merly derived the name of Nero . 
+
+
+s4* 
+
+
+SECT. III. Names of Mars . 
+
+
+% 
+
+
+•f>% 
+
+i 
+
+•i 
+
+i 
+
+*•>! 
+
+
+* ■» 
+
+* K • 
+
+■ 'ti 
+
+
+
+
+* s % 
+
+*i‘. 
+
+% 
+
+4 
+
+, ^ 
+
+, ^ 
+
+* • • 
+
+I' * 
+
+j* 
+
+:* • 
+
+• ..*• 
+
+J 
+
+
+
+
+, S 4 
+
+
+H IS name, w Mars, fets forth the power and in¬ 
+fluence he has in war, where he prefides over 
+tne iojdiers : and his other name*, flavors, fliews, 
+that all great exploits are executed and brought 
+about through his means. 
+
+O 
+
+. The Greeks call him y A***;, £ArrsJ ; cither from 
+the dcftru£bion and daughter which he caufes ; or 
+from tiie 2 iilcnce which is kept in war, where ac¬ 
+tions, not words, arc neccilary. But from what- 
+fnover words tliis name is derived, it is certain that 
+thou- famous names Hi cop a pus and Arcopagita are 
+derived from Ares. The Areopagus, Apmrrccyo:, (that 
+is, the hill or mountain of Mars'), was a place at 
+Athens, in which, when Mars was accufed of mur¬ 
+der and inceft, as though he had killed Halirothius, 
+Neptune’s fon, and debauched his daughter Al- 
+eippa, he was forced to defend himfelf in a trial 
+before twelve Gods, and was acquitted by fix 
+voices ; from which that place became a court, 
+wherein were tried capital caufes, and the things 
+belonging to religion. :i The Areopagit® were the. 
+ranges, whole integrity and good credit was • fo 
+jrcat, that no perfon could be admitted into their 
+xcicgv, unlcfs, when he delivered in public an ac¬ 
+count of his life pafl, lie was found in every part 
+
+13 4. thereof 
+
+
+1 VHe d<; la Cerda in Vir^ilii, J£,n. 1 . 3 . u Virrutcm cz 
+
+robur fignificat. w Quod maribus in bc!Jo prrefic. x QmxI 
+nu^rnu vertat. Var, dc Lang I .at. 3.* y Am rev uipt.v toller*., 
+
+vd c'va.;puv, inferficere. C'ic. dc Natura. Dcor. 5. Piuirnut. z Ab 
+“ 15l)1 b & sj cj loquor, 6 t;sv -tu ■zT'iXt'xy av kiyuiy cts.?.’ siycjv xpux. rjuod 
+m fjyllo neceilaria non fint verba fed lucila. Suidus, i?uuilu:. bi 
+Atnc. a. Budaius in Puudedt:. ult.de len* 
+
+
+8 « Of tie Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+thereof blamelefs. And, that the lawyers who 
+pleaded might not blind the eyes of the judges by 
+their charms of eloquence, they were obliged to 
+plead their caufes without any ornaments of fpeech; 
+if they did other wife, they were immediately com¬ 
+manded to be blent. And, left they jfhould be 
+moved to compaflion by feeing the miferablc con¬ 
+dition of the prifoners, they gave fentence in the 
+dark, without lights, not by words, but in a paper; 
+whence, when a man is obferved to fpeak very 
+little or nothing at all, they ufed proverbially to 
+fay of him, that b “ He is as blent as one of the 
+
+judges in the Areopagus.” 
+
+His name Gradivus comes from the ftatelinefs in 
+c marching, or from his vigour in d brandilhing his 
+fpear. 
+
+He is called §>j/.irinus c from curis , or quiris , fig. 
+nifying a Jpear ; from whence comes fecuris, qiuifi 
+fe?nicuris , a piece cf a fpear *. And this name was 
+afterwards attributed to Romulus, f becaufe he 
+w'as efteemed the fon of Mars ; from whence the 
+Romans were called §>uirites. E Grudinins is the 
+name of Mars when he rages, and §>uirinus when 
+he is quiet. And accordingly there were two 
+temples at Rome dedicated to him ; one within the 
+city, which was dedicated to Mars Quirinus, the 
+keeper of the city’s peace ; the other without the 
+city, near the gate, to Mars Gradivus, the warrior, 
+and . the defender of the city againft all outward 
+enemies. 
+
+The ancient Latins applied to him the title of 
+lj Salifubfiuus , or Dancer , from falio ; becaufe his 
+temper is very inconflant and uncertain, inclining 
+
+fome- 
+
+
+b Areopagita taciturnior. Cic. ad Attic. 1. I. c A gradi- 
+
+endo. d A -zffo rou Kpothxtvuv, /. e. ab haftas vibrationc. 
+
+c Scrv. in vEneid. f Idem. Ibid. g Pacuv. in Nonu* 
+
+b Mars belli communis eft. Cic. 1. 6 . ep. 4 . 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . Sr 
+
+fo me times to this fide, and fometimes to that, in 
+wars ; whence we fay, 1 that the iffue of battle is 
+uncertain, and the chance dubious. But we mufi 
+not think that Mars was the only God of war : 
+fc for Bellona, Victoria, Sol, Luna, and Pluto, ufe 
+i t0 be reckoned in the number of martial deities. 
+[It was ufual with the Lacedemonians to fliackle 
+Ithe feet of the image of Mars, that he fhould 
+lot fly from them : and amongft the Romans, the 
+jpriefts Salii were inflituted to look after the facri- 
+iices of Mars, and go about the city dancing with 
+itheir fhields. 
+
+He was called 1 Eny alius, from Enyo , that is, 
+
+| Bellona, and by fuch like names ; but it is not worth 
+[my while to infill upon them longer. 
+
+Sect. IV. Aft ions of Mars . 
+
+TT is flrange that poets relate only one action 
+of this terrible God ; and even that deferves 
+to be concealed in darknefs, if the light of the fun 
+lad not dilcovered it, and if a good kernel was 
+ot contained in a bad fhell. The ftory of Mars 
+nd Venus’s adultery, from whence Hermione, 
+a tutelar deity, was born, was fo publicly known, 
+that m Ovid concludes that every body knows it. 
+Sol had no fooner difcovered it, but he immedi- 
+tely acquainted Vulcan, Venus’s hufband, with 
+is wife’s treachery. Vulcan hereupon made- 
+net of iron, whofe links were fo fmall and 
+ender that it was invifible, and fpread it over 
+the bed of Venus, and the lovers were caught 
+|in the net. Vulcan calls all the gods together 
+
+D 5 to 
+
+
+k Vide .Lil Gyr 
+
+
+i Servius in iEneid. 
+
+1 Plutarch in Pelopida. 
+m “ Fabula narrator, toto notiflima ccelo, 
+Mulcibcris capti Marfque Venuf^ue dolis 
+
+
+5 
+
+
+ti 
+
+
+, ») 
+
+
+The 
+
+
+
+8 2 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+to the fliew, who jeered them extremely. And, 
+after they had long- been expofed to the jell and 
+hifles of the company, Vulcan, at the requcil of 
+[Neptune, unloofes their chains, and gives them 
+their liberty : but Aledlryon, Mars’s favourite, fuf. 
+fered the punilhment that his crime deferved ; be- 
+came when he was appointed to watch, he fell 
+afleep, and gave Sol an opportunity to flip into 
+the chamber. Therefore Mars changed him into a 
+cock 11 , which to this day is fo mindful of his old 
+fault, that lie conftantly gives notice of the ap¬ 
+proach of the fun by his crowing. 
+
+
+Sect. V. fhe fgnijication of the foregoing Falk. 
+
+L ET us explain this fable. Indeed, when a 
+
+Venus is married to a Vulcan, that is, a very 
+handfome woman to a very ugly man, it is a great 
+occafion of adultery. But neither can that diilio- 
+nefly, or any other, efcape the knowledge of the 
+Sun of Rightcoufnefs, although they may be done 
+in the obicurefl darktiefs. Though they be witluhe 
+utmoft care guarded by the truflicfl pimps in the 
+world 5 though they be committed in the private!! 
+.retirement, and concealed with the greatefl art; 
+they will at one time or other be expofed to botli 
+the celeftial and infernal regions, in the brightest 
+light; when the offender fhall be fet in the midft, 
+bound by the chains of their confcience, by that 
+fallen Vulcan who is the inlfrument of the terrors 
+
+
+of the true Jupiter ; and then they fhall hear and 
+fuller the fentence that was formerly threatened to 
+David in this life : fhou did/} this thing fecrctly ; 
+hut I *;will do this thing before all If rad 7 and before 
+the fun . 2 Sam. xii. 12. 
+
+But 
+
+
+The fable’s told through heaven far and wide. 
+How Mars and Venus were by Vulcan ty’d» 
+
+n Greece A/UxT?wyy, i. c. G alius,- 
+
+
+* 
+
+
+V 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens • #3 
+
+But let us return again to Mars, or rather to the 
+fon of Mars, Tereus, who learned wickednefs from 
+his father’s example ; for , as the proverb fays, cz 
+bad father makes a had child. 
+
+Sect. VI. fhc Story of 'Tereus the Son of Mars. 
+r fl TEREUS was the fon of Mars, begotten of the 
+
+
+• 1 
+
+
+T EREUS was tile foil of Mars, begotten of the 
+nymph Biftonis. 0 He married Progne the. 
+daughter of Pandion king of Athens, when lie 
+hinifelf was king of Thrace. This Progne had a. 
+filter called Philo uela, a virgin in inodelty and 
+ibeauty inferior to none. She lived with her fa¬ 
+rther at Athens. Progne, being dciirous to fee her 
+differ, afked Tereus to fetch Philomela to her : he 
+\ complied, and went to Athens, and brought Phi- 
+f-lomela, with her father’s leave, to Progne. Upon 
+“fthis occafion, Tereus falls defpcratcly in love with 
+
+
+'.V 
+
+
+f, 
+
+■V? 
+
+1 
+
+
+•5 
+
+I 
+
+V. 
+
+•i « 
+
+
+/ — 
+•H 
+
+
+} 
+
+
+,j Philomel a: and as they travelled together, becaufft 
+y/hc refnfed to comply with his dclires, he over¬ 
+powered her, and cut out her tongue, and threw 
+
+
+her into a gaol 
+
+
+lie returning afterwards to his 
+
+
+[wife, pretended, with the grenteft aifurance that 
+[Philomela died on her journey : and, that this 
+■ftory might appear true, he fhed many tears, and 
+!put on mourning. But p injuries whet the wit, and 
+defire of revenge makes people cunning : for Phi¬ 
+lomela, though file was dumb, found out a way to 
+tell her lifter the villainy of Tereus. The way die 
+uncovered the injuries done to her was this : She 
+defenbed the violence Tereus offered her as well 
+as ilie could, in embroidery, and fends the work 
+folded up to her filler; who no fooner viewed it, 
+but fhe boiled with rage, and was io tranfported 
+
+13 6 wit lx. 
+
+
+0 Ovid. Me tarn. 6. 
+
+P—-“ Grande dolor 13 
+
+“ Ingonium eft, miferifejue venu folertia rebus.” 
+X)tfire of vengeance makes th’ invention quick,, 
+When miferable, help with craft we leek.. 
+
+
+84 Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+with paflion, that flie could q not fpeak, her 
+thoughts being wholly taken up in contriving how 
+fhe fhould avenge the affront. Firfl, then, (he 
+haftened to her filler, and brought her home with¬ 
+out Tereus’s knowledge. Whilft they were medi¬ 
+tating revenge, her young fon Itys came embracing 
+his mother; but they carried him alide into the re¬ 
+mote parts of the houfe, and flew hint while r he 
+hung about Progne’s neck, and called her mother: 
+when they had killed him, they cut him into pieces, 
+and dreffed the flefh, and gave it Tereus for fupper, 
+who s fed heartily on his own flefh and blood ; and 
+when after fupper he fent for his fon Ttys, r Prognc 
+told him what Ihe had done, and Philomela lliewed 
+him his foil’s head. Tereus, incenfed with rage. 
+
+7 O' 
+
+rufhed on them both with his drawn fword : but 
+they fled away, and fear added wings to their flight j 
+
+fo 
+
+
+q “ Et f'lnirum potuifle !) filet ; dolor ora repreflit, 
+
+“ Verbaque quaerenti iatis indignantia linguad 
+“ Defuerant, ncc Acre vacat : led fafque nefafque 
+** Confufara ruit, posnaque in imagine tota ell.” 
+
+She held her peace, ’tis ilrange : grief ftruck her mute, 
+No language could with fuch a palfion fuit,. 
+
+Nor had Ihe time to weep; right, wrong were mixt, 
+
+In her fell thoughts, her foul on vengeance fixt. 
+r “ Et Mater, mater, clamentem & colla petentem, 
+
+“ Enfe ferit.” 
+
+-He Mother, mother, cries ; 
+
+And on her clings, whilfl by her fword he dies, 
+s “ Vefcitur, inque fuam fua vifeera congerit alvum.’* 
+
+■ — ■ » . - -- - -* - does cat. 
+
+And his own fielh and blood docs make his meat, 
+t “ Intus habes quod pofeis, ait. Circumfpicit illc 
+“ Atque ubi fit, quserit; quairenti, iterumque vocanti, 
+Profiluit, Ityofque caput Philomela cruentum 
+w Mifit in ora patris.” 
+
+Thou hall, faid Ihe, within thee thy defire. 
+
+He looks about, afics where. And while again 
+He afks and calls, all bloody with the flain. 
+
+Forth like a fury Philomela flew. 
+
+And at his face the head of Itys threw- 
+
+
+
+PJ.Ttc VJJ. 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+
+Si 
+
+
+fo that Progne became a fwallow, and Philomela a 
+nightingale. Fury gave wings to Tereus himfelf: 
+he was changed into a whoopo (uppa ), which is one 
+of the filthieft of all birds ^ and the Gods out of 
+pity changed Itys into a pheafant. 
+
+Sect. VI I. She Sacrifices of Mars . 
+
+T O Mars u were facrificed, the wolf for his 
+fiercenefs ; the horfe, for his ufsfulnefs in 
+war ; the woodpecker and the vulture, for their 
+rapacity; the cock for his vigilance,, which virtue 
+foldiers ought chiefly to have ; and grafs, becaufe it 
+grows in towns that the war leaves without an in¬ 
+habitant, and is thought to come up the quicker in 
+fuch places as have been moiftened with human 
+blood. 
+
+Among!! the molt ancient rites belonging to 
+Mars, I do not know a more memorable one than 
+the following : x Whoever had undertaken the con¬ 
+duct of any war, hs went into the ve/try of the 
+temple of Mars , andfirfi fie oak the an cilia {a fort of 
+holy Jhields ), afterwards the fpear of the iniage of 
+Mars itfelf; and find. Mars , watch . 
+
+
+TP 
+
+
+M. 
+
+
+CHAP. X. 
+
+Sect. I. The Celejiial Goddefs Juno. . Her 
+
+Image and Defcent . 
+
+OU have viewed the five celeftial Gods ; 
+
+
+"Y now look upon the celeftial Goddefles 
+that follow them there in order. Firft obferve Juno 
+
+
+riding in a y golden chariot drawn by peacocks, di- 
+n inguifhed by a feeptre which fhe holds in her 
+
+hand. 
+
+
+ft 
+
+
+n Virgil. JEn. 9. x Qui belli allicujus fufeeperat curam, 
+
+facrarium Martis ingreflus, primo ancilia conimovebat, poft hafl<* 
+am fimulacri ipflus ; dicens, Mars, •vigila. Servius. 
+y Ovid. Mctani. a. Apuleius, 1 . 10. 
+
+
+86 Of the Gods of the Heathens » 
+
+hand, and wearing a crown that is fct about with 
+rofes and lilies. 
+
+She is the queen of the Gods j ancT both the 
+z filler and wife of Jupiter. Her father was a Sa¬ 
+turn, and her mother Ops : fhe was born in the 
+if]and Samos, where fhe lived till flic was mar¬ 
+ried. 
+
+P. Really fhe carries a very majeflic look. How- 
+bright, how majeflical, how beautiful is that face, 
+how comely are all her limbs \ How well does a 
+feeptre become thofe hands, and a crown that head! 
+How much beauty is there in her fmiles ! How 
+much gracefulnefs in her breafl ! Who could refill 
+fuch charms, and not fall in love when he fees fo 
+many graces ! Her carriage is flately, her dreis ele¬ 
+gant and fine. She is full of majelty, and worthy 
+of the greatefl admiration. But what pretty darn- 
+f el is that which waits upon her, as if die were her 
+fervant ? 
+
+M. It is Iris b , the daughter of Thaumas and 
+Ele£lria, and fider to the Harpies. She is Juno ? s 
+meffenger, as Mercury is Jupiter’s ; though Jupi¬ 
+ter and the other Gods, the Furies, nay, fometimes 
+men have fent her on a medage. Becaufe of her 
+fwiftnefs, fhe is painted with wings ; and flic rides 
+on a rainbow, as c Ovid fays. 
+
+It is her office, beddes, to unloofe the fouls of 
+women from the chains of the body,, ao Mercury 
+unlocfes thofe of men We have an example of this 
+in Dido, who laid violent hands on herfelf; for 
+when fhe was almod dead, Juno lent Iris to loofe 
+
+her 
+
+
+z .-“ Jovifque 
+
+Et foror Sc conjux.”--- Virg. Ain. I. 
+
+a Apohon. Argon, r. 
+
+b Virg. JF.r,. %. Norm. ao. Idem. 31. Horn. Iliad. 23. 
+c “ EfFngit, Sc remcat per quos modo vcncrat arcus.” 
+
+On the fame bow flic went fhe foon returns. 
+
+
+Ovid. Met. 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 87 
+
+her foul from her body, as d Virgil largely deferibes 
+it in the Fourth book of the -ZFneid. 
+
+But herein Jris differs from Mercury; for where¬ 
+as he is lent both from heaven and from hell, Ihe 
+'is lent from heaven only c . He oftentimes was em¬ 
+ployed in meffages of peace, whence he was called 
+the f Peacemaker: But Iris was always lent to pro¬ 
+mote ft rife and diffenlion, as if ihe was the Goddefs 
+of difco'rd; and therefore fome think that her 
+t name was given her from the contention which 
+fie perpetually creates ; though others fay ilie was 
+called h iris, becaufe ihe delivers her melTage by 
+fpeech, and not in writing, 
+
+SfiCT. II. 'T’he Children and Difpofitioji of Juno. 
+
+P. 7 HAT children had Juno by Jupiter? 
+
+W M. Vulcan, Mars, and Hebe ; i although 
+fome write that Hebe had no other parent than 
+
+Juno 5 
+
+
+44 
+
+44 
+
+
+41 
+
+
+1C 
+
+
+(4 
+
+
+4 ( 
+
+
+44 
+
+
+4 ( 
+
+
+“ Turn Juno omnipotens Iongum miferata dolorcm, 
+Diflicdclque obitus, Irini demifit Olympo ; 
+
+Qu.'e IaiSlant*mi animum, nexofque refolverot artus, 
+
+Krgo Iris croceis per ccelum rofeida pennis, 
+
+Miile trahens varios adverfo lole colores, 
+
+Devolat, Sc. fupra caput aftitit. Hunc ego diti 
+Sacrum juffa fero, teque ifto corpore folvo : 
+
+Sic ait, Sc. dextra crinem fecat, omuis Sc. ana 
+DiJapfus color, atque in ventos vita receflit.” 
+
+Then Juno, grieving that fhe fhould fufhun 
+A death fo lingering, and fo full of pain. 
+
+Sent Iris down to free her from the ftrife 
+Of lab’ring nature, and difiolvo her life. 
+
+Downward the various goddefs took her flight. 
+
+And drew a thoufand colours from the light : 
+
+Then flood about the dying lover’s head. 
+
+And faid, I thus devote thee to the dead ; 
+
+This offering to th* infernal gods I bear. 
+
+Thus while fhe fpoke, fhu cut the fatal hair : 
+
+The ftruggling foul was loos’d, and life diffolv’din air. 
+e hlchod. in Theog. f aipiivocrojos } i. e. Pacificator. Vid, 
+
+Scrv. in JEneid. 4. g"l^j quad Contentio. Servius, 
+
+h r 0 £££<v, a loquendo. i i’aufan. in Corinth, 
+
+
+
+
+
+88 Of the Gods of" the Heathens • 
+
+Juno, and was born in the manner following ; Be¬ 
+fore Juno had any children, fhe ate fome wild let¬ 
+tuces, fet before her at a feaft in Jupiter’s houfc j 
+and growing on a fudden big-bellied, fhe brought 
+forth Hebe, who, for her extraordinary beauty, was 
+by Jupiter made Goddefs of youth, and had the of¬ 
+fice of cup-bearer of Jupiter given to her. But 
+when, by an unlucky fall, fhe made all the guefts 
+laugh, Jupiter was enraged, turned her out from 
+her office, and put Ganymede in her Head. 
+
+j°. Which was Juno’s molt notorious fault ? 
+
+HI. Jealoufy: I will give one or two of the manv 
+inftances of it. Jupiter loved Io, the daughter of 
+Inachus, and enjoyed her. When Juno obferved 
+that Jupiter was abfent from heaven, fhe jullly 
+fufpedled that the purfuit of his amours was the 
+caufe of his abfence. Therefore fhe immediately 
+flew down to the earth after him, and luckily 
+found the very place where Jupiter and Io enter¬ 
+tained themfelves in private. As foon as Jupiter 
+perceived her coming, fearing a chiding, he turn¬ 
+ed the young lady into a white cow. Juno feeing 
+# the cow, afked who fhe was, and from what bull 
+flie came? Says Jupiter, fhe was born on a fudden 
+out of the earth. The cunning Goddefs, fufpe&ing 
+the matter, defired to have the cow; whicli Jupiter 
+could not refufe, left he fhould increafe her fufpi- 
+cion. So Juno taking the cow, k gave it Argus to 
+
+keep: 
+
+
+h-“ Servandam tradicit Argo, 
+
+“ Centum luminibus cindtum caput Argus habebat : 
+“ Inde fuis vicibus capiebant bina quietem : 
+
+“ Cetera fervabant, atque in ftatione manebant. 
+
+[ “ Conftiterat quocunque loco, fpedfabat ad Io, 
+
+“ Ante oculos To, quamvis averfus habebat.” 
+
+The goddefs then to Argus flraight convey’d 
+Her gift, and him the watchful keeper made. 
+Argus’s head an hundred eyes pofieft ; 
+
+And only two at once declin’d to reft ; 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens ♦ 89 
+
+ccep : which Argus had an hundred eyes ; two of 
+yhich in their turns flept, while the others watch¬ 
+’d. 
+
+Thus was lo under conftant confinement- Nor 
+[was the perpetual vigilance of her keeper her only 
+jmisfortune ; for belides, flic was fed with nothing- 
+(but infipidleaves and bitter herbs; which hardfhip 
+jjupiter could not endure to fee. Wherefore he 
+'font iVlercury to Argus to fet Io free. Mercury, 
+[under the difguife of a fhepherd, came to Argus, 
+and with the mufic of his pipe lulled him afleep, 
+and then cut off his head. Juno was grieved at 
+[Argus’s death ; and, to make him fome amends, fire 
+turned him into a peacock, and 1 fcattered his hun¬ 
+dred eyes about the tail of the bird. Nor did her 
+rage againft Io ceafe, for fhe committed her to the 
+iFuries to be tormented. Defpair and nguifh made 
+her flee into Egypt, where file begg. d of Jupiter 
+to reft ore Her to her former fhape Her requeft 
+being granted, fhe thenceforth tools the name of 
+Ills, the goddefs of the Egyptians, and was wor- 
+fliipped with divine honour. 
+
+Juno gave another clear mark or her jealoufy. 
+m For when her anger againfl Jupiter was fo vio- 
+lent, that nothing could pacify hvr, Icing Cithce- 
+ron 11 advifed Jupiter to declare that he intended to 
+
+take 
+
+
+<( 
+
+
+The others watch’d ; and in a conftant round, 
+
+Refrefiiment in alternate courfes found. 
+
+Where’er he turn’d, he always Io view’d : 
+
+Io he faw, though fhe behind him flood Ovid. Metann 4, 
+
+1 -** Centumque oculos nox occupat una, 
+
+Excipit hos, volucrifque fuse Saturnia pennis 
+u Collocat, & gemmis caudam fiellantibus implet.” 
+
+There Argus lies ; and all that wondrous light, 
+
+Which gave his hundred eyes their ufeful fight. 
+
+Lies bury’d now in one eternal night. 
+
+But Juno, that fhe might his eyes retain, 
+
+Soon fix’d them in her gaudy peacock’s train. 
+
+Doroth, de Nat. Fabulse. n Plut. in Arift. 
+
+
+po Of the- Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+take another wife. The contrivance plcafed }iim • 
+wherefore he takes an oaken image, clrelfed very 
+beautifully, and puts it into a chariot, and declares 
+publicly, that he was about to marry Platfea the 
+daughter of ALfopus. The report fpread, and cun-c 
+to Juno’s ears ; who immediately running thither, 
+fell furioufly upon the image, and tore all the 
+clothes, till hie dilcovered the jefl ; and laughiiv 
+very much, hie was reconciled to her hufband: r.nd 
+from kinff Cithaeron, the advifer of the artifice, fe 
+
+O 7 ' 
+
+was afterwards called Cithecronia . The reft of the 
+molt confide ruble of her names follow. 
+
+
+Sect. III. Names of 
+
+
+r/ 
+
+funo . 
+
+
+slNfHI A, or Florida, flowery. 0 Paufanias men- 
+^ tions her temple. 
+
+Hrginja, from the people p Argiv?, am on git whom 
+the facrifices called [Heraia], were celebratJ. 
+
+to her honour ; in which an hecatomb, that is, a a 
+hundred oxen, were facrificecl to her. They made 
+her image of gold and ivory, holding a pomegra¬ 
+nate in one hand, and a feeptre in the other ; upon 
+the top of which flood a cuckow, becaufe Jupiter 
+changed himfelf into that bird when he fell in love 
+with her. 
+
+Buncea , from q Bunas us the fon of Mercury, who 
+built a temple to this goddefs at Corinth. 
+
+Calendarisy from the old word r culo, to call : Jr: 
+fhe was called upon by the priefts upon the fill 
+days of every month ; which days are called <v> 
+leu dee. 
+
+Caprotinct , becaufe s on the nones of July, that is, 
+on the 7th day, maid-fervants celebrated her fcfcUal 
+together with feveral free women, and offered faen- 
+fices to Juno under a wild fig tree (capr [ficus ), m 
+
+memory 
+
+
+o In Corinth. p Dorotli. 1. 2 . Met. 
+in Corinth. r Mucrob. in Sat. 
+
+Arte Amaudi, Var. de JLat. 
+
+
+& Paui’.m. q Ptf'.ii m. 
+8 Plutarch &. O v r i<J. & 
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens 91 
+
+emory of that extraordinary virtue which dire£t- 
+'td the maid-fervants of Rome to thofe counfels 
+
+t vhich preferved the honour of the Roman name, 
+i'or after the city was taken, and the Gallic tu¬ 
+mults quieted, the borderers having an oppor¬ 
+tunity to opprefs the Romans, who had already 
+buffered fo much, fent an herald to tell the Romans, 
+that if they defired to fave the remainder of their 
+Jcity from ruin, they mufl fend all their wives and 
+daughters. The fenate being flrangely diflrafted 
+hereat, a maid-fervant, whole name was Philotis , 
+or Tutela , telling her defign to the fenate, took 
+with her feveral other maid-fervants, dreffed them 
+like miflreftes of families arid like virgins, and 
+went with them to the enemy. Levy the dictator 
+difperfed them about the camp \ and they incited 
+the men to drink much, becaufe they faid that was 
+a feflival-day : the wine made the foldiers flcep 
+foundly ; whereupon a fign being given from a wild 
+fig tree, the Romans came and flew all the foldiers. 
+The Romans were not forgetful of this great fer- 
+vice ; for they made all thefe maid-fervants free, 
+and gave them portions out of the public treafury: 
+they ordered that the day fhould be called nonce 
+caprotince, from the wild fig tree, from whence 
+they had the fign; and they ordered an anniverfary 
+facrifice to Juno Caprotmci , to be celebrated under 
+a wild fig tree, the juice of which was mixed with 
+the facrifices, in n^emory of the adlion. 
+
+Curis or Cur it is > from her fpear c called curis in 
+the language of the old Sabines. The matrons- 
+were under flood to be under their guardianfhip ; 
+whence, fays u Plutarch, the fpear is facred to her; 
+and many of her xiatues lean upon fpeai's ; and fhe 
+herfelf is called spirit is and Cur it is. Hence fprings 
+the cuflom, that the bride combs her hair with a 
+
+fpeai* 
+
+
+t Feilus. 
+
+
+u la Romulu. 
+
+
+
+f)2 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+x fpear found flicking in the body of a gladiator, 
+and taken out of kirn when dead ; which fpear was 
+called hetfta ce Hour is. 
+
+Cingula , y from the girdle which the bride wore 
+when ilie was led to her marriage ; for this girdle 
+was unloofed with: Juno’s good leave, who was 
+thought the patronefs of marriage. 
+
+Dominduca and Interduca , z from bringing home 
+the bride to her huiband’s houfe. 
+
+Egcriu y a becaufe fhe promoted, as they believed, 
+the facility of the birth. 
+
+Februalis , Februata Februa 1 or Fchrula , b beenufe 
+they facrificed to her in the month of February, 
+c Her feflival was celebrated on the fame day with 
+Pan’s feafts, when the Luperci, the priefts of Pan 
+the god of fhepherds, running naked through the 
+city, and d ftriking the hands and bellies of breed* 
+ing women with Juno’s cloak (that is, with the fkin 
+of a goat), c purified them ; and they thought that 
+this ceremony cauFed to the women fruitfulnefs 
+and eafy labours. -All forts of purgation in any 
+facrifices were called februn ; and the animals facri¬ 
+ficed to Juno f were a white cow, a fvvine, and a 
+fheep. The goofe alio, and the peacock, were fa- 
+cred to her. 
+
+Fluonta 9 s becaufe fhe aflifled women in their 
+courfes. 
+
+Hoplofmia , that is, 11 armed completely, as flie was 
+worshipped at Elis ; and from hence Jupiter is cal¬ 
+led Hoploff/iius, 
+
+Juga, 
+
+
+x Crinis nubentium comebatur hafta celibari, quas fcilicet in 
+corpora gladiaroris ftetiflet abjedti occiCque. Arnob contra Gentry. 
+
+y A cingulo. Mai'ian. de Nupt. z A ducenda uxorc in 
+
+domum mariti. Auguft, de Civit. 7. a Quod earn partui 
+
+egerendo opitulari crederent. Feftus. b Ex Sext. Pomp, 
+
+c Cum EupcrcaJibus. d Ovid. Faftorum %, 
+
+e Februabant, id eft purgabant. Cic. Phil. 2. f Virg. 
+
+JEn. 4. Idem. 8. g Ovid. ibid. Quod, fluoribus men- 
+
+ftruiij adeft, h Idl. Gyrald. 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+
+93 
+
+
+j Juga, becaufe fhe is the G-oddefs of marriages, 
+k flreet in Rome, where her altar flood, was cal- 
+] e d Jugcirius from thence: and anciently people 
+nfed to enter into the yoke of marriage at that al¬ 
+tar. She is alfo by fome called Socegena , becaufe 
+1 jhe aflifts in the coupling the bride and bride¬ 
+groom. 
+
+Lac'rna , from the temple of Lacinium, built and 
+dedicated to her by m Lacinius. 
+
+Lucinci , and Lucilia y either from n the grove in 
+which fhe had a temple, or from the light of this 
+world, into which infants are brought by her. 
+0 Ovid comprifes both thefe fignifications of Lucian 
+in a diflich. 
+
+Moneta y p either becaufe fhe gives wholefome 
+counfel to thofe who confult her, or becaufe fhe 
+was believed to be the goddefs of money. 
+
+(1 Nuptial is : and when they facrificed to her un¬ 
+der this name r , they took the caul out of the vic¬ 
+tim, and call it behind the altar ; to fignify, that 
+there ought to be no gall of anger between thofe 
+who are married together. 
+
+Qpigcna , becaufe fhe gives s help to women in la¬ 
+bour. 
+
+Far the nos , the virgin ; or c Parthe?iia , virginity ; 
+and fhe was fo called, as w we are told, from hence: 
+There was a fountain among the Argivi called Ca- 
+
+nathus , 
+
+
+i Et Grace Zvytx, a jugo et conjugo. Serv. JE n. 4. k Feftus.- 
+1 Quod nubentes aifociet. m Strab. 1 . 6. i-iv. I, 24. 
+
+n A luco vel luce. Var. de Ling. Lat. 
+o “ Gratia Lucina, dedit hacc tibi nomina Lucus, 
+
+“ Vel quia principium tu, dea, lucishabes.” 
+
+Lucina, hail, fo nam’d from thy own grove. 
+
+Or from the light thou giv’ft us from above. Fajl. 1 . 3. 
+
+P Vel quod reddat monita falutaria, vel quod fit Dea moneta:, 
+id eft, pecuniae, Liv. 1 , 7. Suid. Ovid. Epiit. Parid. 
+
+q Grace Vcc^nXia. x Eufeb. 3. Pr.-ep. Evang. Plut. ill 
+
+Sympof. . s Opcm in partu laborantibus fert. Lil. Gyrald. 
+t Pindar, in Hymn, Olymp, w Paufan. in Corinth. 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+
+nathus , where Juno wafhing herfelf every year, was 
+thought to recover her virginity anew. 
+
+Peifefia , that is, perfeft : For x marriage \va 5 
+efteemed the perfection of human life, and unmar. 
+ried people imperfedt. Wherefore ihe did net be¬ 
+come perfect, nor defeive that name, till ihe mar. 
+ried Jupiter. 
+
+Populonci , or Populo?iia , y hecaufe people pray to 
+her ; or becaufe they are procreated from marriage, 
+of which Ihe is a goddefs. 
+
+And for the fame reafon ihe was called 7 Pro. 
+fiuha : Neither indeed were any marriages lawful, 
+unlefs Juno was hrffc called upon. 
+
+Regina, queen : and this title ihe gives herfdf, a; 
+we read in a Virgil. 
+
+Sofpita h , becaufe all the women were fuppofei 
+to be under her fafeguard; every one of which had 
+a Juno, as every man Had his genius. 
+
+Unxia was another of her names, c becaufe the 
+polls of the door were anointed where a new- 
+married couple lived ; whence the wife was called 
+* Uxor . 
+
+Sect. IV. The Signification of the Fahh\ 
+
+Juno the Air. 
+
+TF we regard Varro’s account, by Juno was lig- 
+
+nified c earth, and by Jupiter the heavens. 
+By the marriage of which two, that is, by the com¬ 
+mixture 
+
+x Jul. Pollux. 1 . 3. Apud Grxcos codem fenfu Juno vocabaiur, 
+•rtXua,, conjugium ipfum <7i\uo; y quod vitam humanum rcto 
+perfedtam. Vide Scholiaft. Pindar. Od. 9. Verne. 
+
+y Aug. de Civit. < 5 . Macrob. Saturn. 6. 2 Seneca in 
+
+Medea. 
+
+a ** Aft ego, qu;e Divum incedo Regina, Jovifque 
+
+lc Et foror &: conjux.*’- JEn. I. 
+
+But F who walk in awful ft ate above : 
+
+The majeftyof htaven, fifter and wife of Jove, 
+b A fofpitando. Cic. Nat. Deor. c Ah unguendo. hi!. 
+
+Gyrald. d Quaft unxor, ab ungendis poftibus. 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens - 95 
+
+fixture of the influences of the heavens with the 
+fapours of the earth, all things almoit are gene- 
+fated. 
+
+But if we believe the Stoics, by Juno is meant 
+ie air; for that, as Tully fays, f lying between the 
+|arth and the heavens, is confecrated by the name 
+Juno ; and what makes this conjecture more 
+Irobable, the Greek s names of Juno and the Hir 
+1 we great affinity and likenefs. Juno is called 
+Jupiter’s wife ; becaufe the air, being naturally 
+‘old, is warmed by Jupiter, that is, by fire. She 
+called Hifrza 1 ; becaufe fhe is the air herfelf, or, 
+ules in the air : and hence arifes the flory that 
+f uno is bound by Jupiter with golden chains, iron 
+nvils being hung at her feet. Hereby the ancients 
+ignified, that the air, though naturally more like 
+ire, yet it was femetimes mingled with earth and 
+rater, the heavieft elements. 
+
+And, as I mentioned before, every woman had 
+Juno, and every man had a genius ; which were 
+heir tutelar or guardian angels k . 
+
+
+CHAP. XI. 
+
+Sect. I. Minerva or Pallas. Her Image. 
+
+_ * 
+
+. T^HIS is a threatening Coddefs, and carries 
+
+nothing but terror in her afpe£l. 
+
+M. It is Minerva, who derives her name, as fome 
+
+:hink, 1 from the threats of her ftern and fierce 
+look. 
+
+P. But why is fhe clothed with armour rather 
+an with womens clothes ? m What means that 
+
+head- 
+
+
+1 Aer interjedhis inter ccelum <Sc terrain Tunonis nomine con- 
+[iccratns ell. ^ Cicero de Natura. 2. g Sc 
+
+Hellenic, in Stag Horn. Iliad. 5. i Phurnut. 
+
+k Epift. 310, x Minerva dicitur a minis, m Apollon, go. 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+96 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+
+head-piece of gold, and the creft that glitters 
+To what purpofe has ftie a golden breaft-plate, and 
+a lance in her right hand, and a terrible fhield j Tl 
+her left ? On the ihield which &e holds, I fee 2 
+.grilly head befet with fnakes. And what means the 
+cock and the owl that are painted there ? 
+
+M . I will fatisfy all your demands. She ought 
+to be armed, rather than drefted in womens clothes, 
+becaufe ihe is n the prelident and inventrefs of war, 
+The cock Hands by her, becaufe he is a fighting 
+bird, and is often painted fitting on her head-piece: 
+as does the owl, of which by .and bye. But as for 
+the head, which feems fo formidable with fnakes, 
+fhe not only carries it on her Ihield, but fometimes 
+
+alfo in the midft of her bread: : it is the headoi 
+
+■ 
+
+Medufa-, one of the Gorgons, of which ° Virgil gives 
+a beautiful defcription. The bafilxfk alfo is facred 
+to her, to denote the great fagacity of her mind, 
+and the dreadful efFe<fts of her courage, flic being 
+the goddefs both of wifdom and of war ; for the eye 
+of the bafiliik is not only piercing enough to difeo- 1 
+ver the fmalleft objedt, but is able to firike dead 
+whatfoever creature it looks on. But I believe you 
+do not obferve an olive crown upon the head of this 
+goddefs ? 
+
+P . It efcaped my notice ; nor do I yet fee why 
+the goddefs of war ihould be crowned with an olive, 
+
+whic!) 
+
+
+O 
+
+
+n Virg. jEneid. ir. Cic. de Nat. Deor. 1 . 3. 
+
+“ -/Egidaque horriferam, turbatce PaUadis arm a, 
+Certatim fquammis ferpentum, auroque polibant, 
+
+“ Conncxofque angues ; ipfamque in petftore diva; 
+
+“ Gorgona, defevfto vertentem lumina collo.’* 
+
+The reft refrefh the fcaly fnakes that fold 
+The Ihield of Pallas, and renew their gold : 
+
+Pull on the creft the Gorgon’s head they place. 
+
+With eyes that rail in death, and with diftorted face. 
+
+/Eneid, 8 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+
+97 
+
+
+-vhich is an emblem of peace • as I remember 1 
+are read in p Virgil. 
+
+M. For that very reafon, becaufe it is the cm- 
+iicm CJ of peace, it ought to be given to the Goddclg 
+,f war : For war is only made that peace may fel¬ 
+low. Though there is another reafon, too, why 
+be wears the olive : For llie drd taught mankind 
+e ufe of that tree. When Cecrops built a new 
+iitv, Neptune and Minerva contending about the 
+mne of that city, it was refolved. that whichfo- 
+;\cr of the two deities found out the mod ufcful 
+Ireature to man, iliould give their name to the city, 
+s'eptune brought a horfc, and Minerva caufed an. 
+[live to fpring out of the earth; which was judged 
+more ufcful creature for man than the horfe ; 
+here fore Minerva named the city, and called it 
+tlhcna, after her own name in Greek aO-w. 
+
+
+Sect. II. *Thc Birth of Minerva. 
+
+[T7STOHY' mentions live r Mincrvas. Wc fliall 
+(I. X fpeak of her only who was born of Jupiter., 
+h.i to whom the red are referred. 
+
+But how was ilie born ? 
+
+M. J will tell you, if you do not know, though 
+ridiculous. When Jupiter faw that his wife 
+ur.o was barren, lie through grief Truck his fore- 
+ad, and, after three months, brought forth Mi¬ 
+rra; from whence, as fomc fay, die was called 
+[ "Tritonut. Vulcan was his midwife; r who, open- 
+ins brain with the blow of an hatchet, was 
+n/.ed when he faw u an armed virago leaping out; 
+
+
+£ 
+
+
+E 
+
+
+of 
+
+
+[P “ Pacifcroquc manu ramum prastendit olivie.” 
+
+’ml in her hand a branch of peaceful olive bears. 
+
+[*1 Idut. in Themiftoc. ITcrod. Terpfich. jr Cic. dc 
+
+.t. Door. s Quafi TpTfyuiyis vcl T 'ptloptvt/i?, tertio 
+
+we nata, Athena, npud Gyr. t Lucian, in Dialog, 
+
+iorum. c 
+
+
+*‘ c De capitis ferttir line matre pat end 
+' Ycrticc cum clypeo profiluifle fro. 
+
+
+Out 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens., 
+
+
+of the brain of the father, inllead of a tender liuh 
+naked girl. 
+
+Some have find, that x Jupiter conceived this 
+daughter when lie had devoured Metis, one of 
+wives ; with which food he prcfcntly grew rhr 
+r.nd brcno'ht forth the armed P.dlas. 
+
+
+They fay,bolides, y that it rained gold in theillaiid 
+of Rhodes when Minerva was horn ; which obfi 
+vat ion. z Claudian alio makes. 
+
+
+Sect. 113. Ma/nes of jl ll/ieiva, 
+
+T ET us fir(l examine whence the names Ml. 
+5 i ncy-ju and Pa. 7 ,his are clerked. 
+
+
+iMincrva is fo called, from a di?nrnjhin^. Aid 
+it is very true that ihc, being the Goddcls of’ war, 
+diminiilies the number of men, and both deprive 
+families of their heads, and cities of their mem 
+bers. b But it may be derived from threatening, 
+as I faid before; becaufe licr looks threaten theta 
+holders with violence, and ilrike them with terror, 
+Or, perhaps, fhc has her name from the good c ad¬ 
+monitions Hie gives, becaufe ihe is the Goddefs of 
+wifdom. She is commonly thought: to be wifelon 
+itfelf ; whence, when men pretend to teach thok 
+that are wifer than themfelves, it is proverbially 
+faid. d That fow teaches Minerva. And from this 
+name of Minerva conies Mi nerval, or Alincrvu k\ 
+
+figni- 
+
+
+Out of his father’sIkull, ns they report, 
+
+"Without a mother, all in arms lcap’d forth. 
+
+:c Htfiod in Thcngon. j Strabo 1 . 14, 
+
+7. “ Aurr.tos Rhodiis imbres, na.centc Minerva, 
+
+“ Induxiffe Jovcm ferunt.’* 
+
+At Pallus* birth, great Jupiter, we're told, 
+Beftrew’d the Rhodians with a fhow’r of cold, 
+a Quod miuuit vel minuitur. Cic. de Nat. Dcorum, 
+it minis quod vim minctur. Corn if. ap. Gyr. 
+
+•tnc. non do, Feflus. d Sus Minervam, <rv? 
+
+Hpift. 9, 18. c Grace t oioa.x^c-j. 
+
+
+1) VJ 
+
+c VdJ 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+
+99 
+
+
+,i»rVing the falary that is given by the fcholars 
+
+t-, their mailers. 
+
+The Greeks call her Athena, becaufe (he never 
+i'ucl-ed the bread of her mother, or nurfe f ; for Hie 
+, vih born ovtof her father’s head in full drength, 
+5, .id was therefore called ?\othc t -lcfs -. Plato thinks 
+k- had this ur me from her (kill h in divine affairs. 
+Others think lire was fo named, 1 becaufe Ike is 
+:cvfr enllaved, but enjoys the mod perfect liberty : 
+\nd indeed v/ifclom and philofophy give their vo- 
+aries the mod perfect freedom, as the Stoics well 
+,bkrve s who lay, k Tiie philofopher or wife man 
+$ the only free man. 
+
+She is called Pallas , from a giant of the fame 
+uimc which hie (lew ; or from the lake Pallas, 
+(he was fir ft feen by men ; or, ladly, which 
+i: more probable *, from branclilhing her fpear in 
+’ :ir. 
+
+bhi liad many other names which I might now 
+[recount to you; but becaufe a great number of them 
+ire inugnificant and ufclefs, 1 fhall only fpeak of 
+wo or ihree, after I have firil difeourfed of the 
+Palladium. 
+
+The Palladium was an image of Pallas, preferved 
+in the caftle of the city ox Troy: Tor while the 
+csltlc and temple of Minerva were building, they 
+hy this image fell from heaven into the temple be- 
+orc it was covered with a roof. T his raifed every 
+rdv’s admiration ; and when the oracle of Apollo 
+confultcd, he anfwered, That the city lliould 
+W inn*, as long as tile image remained within it. 
+
+
+'•.hero 
+
+
+JtL 2 
+
+
+There 
+
+
+■ ab a. non & SnXuQ.tv mr.mr.iam fugere. g A^?;- 
+
+jy uu-.-.TMp, i. c. mat re caren c , Pollux, Phurnut. h *A §r,vec f 
+'T' 1 Stoywi, vel hoc cfb, qua: divina cognofcit. Plato in 
+
+-lyylo. ^ Ab £ non ^ Q rc -ci<r0cti 
+
+'t"' 11-2, k Liber nemo eft nifi fapiens. Tullius in 
+
+<-rad°x, j t^ rro rei/ wa >.A£/v 73 copy, a vibranda haft a. 
+
+in JEn, i. 
+
+
+
+100 Of the Cxods of the Heathens » 
+
+Therefore when the Grecians befieged Troy, the; 
+found m that it was impoffible to take the city uii. 
+lefs the Palladium was taken out of it. This bu. 
+finefs was left to Ulyffes and Diomedes, who u n . 
+dertook to creep into the city through the common 
+r e wers, and bring away this fatal image. When 
+they had performed this, Troy was taken without 
+any difficulty. 11 Some fay it was not lawful for 
+any per Con to remove that Palladium, or even to 
+look upon it. Others add, that it was made o: 
+wood, lo that it was a wonder how it could move 
+the eyes and fhake the fpear. Others, on the con. 
+trary, report, that it was made of the bones ofPe. 
+lops, and iold to the 1 rojans by the Scytiir.im. 
+They add, that /Eneas recovered it, after it had bee: 
+taken by the Greeks from Diomedes, and carried 
+it with him into ° Italy, where it is laid up in the 
+temple of Veka, as a pledge of the {lability of the 
+Roman Empire, as it had been before a token o: 
+the fecurity of Troy. And, laflly, otlicrs write, ilj-i 
+there were two Palladiums, one of which Diomede 
+took, and another /Eneas carried with him. 
+
+Parthcnos , i. c. 'The Virgin, was another of mi* 
+nerva’s names: from whence p the temple at Athens, 
+where fhe was moil rcligioufly worflipped, was call- 
+♦»d Parthenon : For Minerva, like "V efla and E/im.?. 
+was a perpetual virgin ; and fucli a lover of cki- 
+tity, that Ihc deprived Tirefias of his fight, be 
+caufc he faw her bathing in the fountain of Hui 
+con : q But Tirefias’s mother, by her humble pc 
+tions, obtained, that, fince her foil had loft the eyes 
+of his body, the fight of his mind might be brighter 
+and clearer, by having the gift of prophecy. 
+
+y Ovid, indeed, afligns another caufe of his "blind 
+
+nefs] 
+
+
+in Ovid. Faft. 5. n 
+
+Ferv. in JEn. 2. Clem, in Protrep. 
+p Homer in Hymn, ad Vcncrem. 
+r Idb. Metam. 
+
+
+Ilerodian. 1 . 1. Pint, in P-'- r ~ 
+
+o Dion. Hai. 1. As- 
+q Homer. Odyfl. 1 .p 
+
+
+
+IOX 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens • 
+
+c (s to wit, when Jupiter and Juno in a merry 
+
+iloute made him judge ; becaufe, when he killed 
+
+ihe Terpen t, he had been turned into a woman, 
+
+nd after feven years, when he killed a he ferpent, 
+
+,j W as again turned into a man, he pronounced 
+
+'or 1 uniter , wherefore Juno deprived him of his 
+\ ** * 
+
+ght. 
+
+There is another illuflrious inflance of the chaf- 
+itr of Minerva ; s when Neptune had enjoyed the 
+eautiful Medufa (wliofe hair w r as gold) in her 
+cmple, flic changed into fnakes that hair which 
+id tempted him; and caufed thofe that looked 
+non her thereafter to be turned into Hones. 
+
+Her name fritonia was taken from the lake c Tri- 
+n, where fire was educated , as we may alfo learn 
+om u Lucan, who mentions the love which Pallas 
+cars to this lake: Or from vptrv, or rfivuv, \_friton J ; 
+word which, in the old Boeotian and ./Eolic lan- 
+uage, iigniiles a head; becaufe ihe was born of 
+
+head. Yet before we leave the lake Tri- 
+n, let me tell you the ceremonies that were per- 
+rmed upon the hanks of it in honour of Minerva. 
+A great concourfe of people out of all neighbour- 
+g towns afiembled to fee the following perform- 
+"ice: All the virgins came in fevcral companies, 
+rired with clubs and Hones ; and a fign being giv- 
+r, they afihulted each other : flic -who was fLrH 
+died was not cileeined a virgin, and therefore her 
+
+
+upitcrs 
+
+
+E 
+
+
+bodv 
+
+
+! h:it. Com. 1 . 7. c. l 3 . t Paufan. in Pceot, 1 . o. 
+
+^ “ Hanc et Pallas a mat, patrio quod vcrticc nata 
+n Tcrrarum primam Lybicn (tram prc::ima ccelo eft, 
+
+“ Ut prohat ipic calor) terigir, ftaguique quieta. 
+
+“ Vultusvklit aqua, pofuitque in margine plautas, 
+
+*' - ! ; c dclecba, Tritonida uiait, ab unda.” 
+
+1 r.:s Pi.Uas loves, born <-f the brain of love, 
+
+Hrit on .Libya trod, (the lieat doth prove 
+1 ‘tis land next hcav’n) ; flic, landing by the lldfij. 
+hvr face within the quiet water fpy’d, 
+
+•bai gave hcrfrlf from the lov’d pool a name. 
+
+1 “ Tritonin.”-Herod, in Mein. 
+
+
+
+102 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+
+body was difgracefully thrown into the lake j But 
+fhe who received, the mofl and the deep eft wounds, 
+and did‘not give over,, was carried home in triumph 
+in a. chariot, in the midft of the acclamations and 
+praifes of the whole company. 
+
+»E zyarif, y \_Ergatif, oper aria, workwotnan, was 
+her \ nante am on g the S ami an s, her wo v i'tippers; 
+becaufe fhe invented ieveral arts, especially the art 
+of fpinning, as we learn from the 2 poets: thus*' 
+the diftalF. is aferibed to her, and Sometimes is call, 
+e.d b Minerva r becaufe {lie was the inventrefs of it. 
+Although Minerva fo much excelled all others in 
+fpinning,, yet Arachne,. a young lady of Lydia, 
+very fkilful at. fpinning, challenged her in this 
+art, though it proved her ruin ; for the goddef* 
+tore her work, and ftruck her forehead with a 
+c fpokc of the wheel.. This difgrace drove W 
+into defpair,. fo that fhe hanged: herfelf *, where, 
+fore Pallas, out of companion, brought her agaii 
+to life, and turned her into a fpider d , whicl 
+continues ft ill employed in fpinning. The art cl 
+‘building, efpesiaily of callies, was Minerva’s ini 
+
+v ention: 
+
+
+
+
+y Ex Hcfych. Tfid.l. 10. 
+
+a Ovid. Mctam. 6. Virgil. iEreid. 7, Thcocrit. Eclr.g. 34. 
+a “ Nam ilia colo calathifquc Mincrv.ii 
+” Furmhicas aflVcta munus.” Ovid. jMctsn 
+
+T»> Valias’ arts her bunds were never train’d, 
+b ** Cui tolerare colo viiarn Ccmiique Minerva.*’ Vir^. £3. 
+By th’ fpinfter’s trade (lie gets her livelihood. 
+
+c - 4 ‘ Eronteni percuffet Arachne- : 
+
+u Non tnlit infelis, laqueoque animofa ligavit 
+Gutturu : pendeiHcmquc Pallas miferata levavit; 
+Atqucy.ua, Vive quidem, pende tamcn, impioba, dixie 
+Arachne thrice, upon the forehead iniote; 
+
+"Whofe gieat heart brooks it riot : /-.bout.her throat 
+A rope ihe ties; remorieful Pall 15 fluid 
+Her falling weight: l.ive, wretch.: yet hang, (he laid. 
+
+d -■“ lit antkpaus ex erect aranca telas.’ 5 
+
+And, j.oiv a fgidtr lurn’u, ihe ftiii fplr.s oiu Itfewn# 
+
+
+U 
+
+u 
+
+
+• 
+
+
+
+I 
+
+
+‘■5 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens, i'-p; 
+
+vent!on ; and therefore flie was believed to profit 1*0 
+over them. 
+
+She is called A In flea ; becaiife, fays Pliny, c the 
+dr.v-*oii3 or fer peats in her (lucid, which, in Read 
+of h'iir, e:i co nip ailed the Gorgon’s herd, rung and 
+refounded, if the firings of an harp or cittern near 
+tluin were touched. But it is more likely that 
+jhc was fo ntimed, becaufe ihc invented the pipe ; 
+uj)on which, when the played by the river fide, and 
+fuv in tlie water how much her face was /’welled 
+in id cl c formed by blowing it, (he was moved with 
+indignation, and threw it afidc, faying, f “ 'idle 
+* f.vectuefs of the mufic is too dear, if purcliafed 
+“ with fo much lofs.” 
+
+t r Glaunopis was another of her names ; becaufe 
+ha* eyes, like the eyes of an owl, were grey or iky- 
+coloured, that is, of a green colour mixed with 
+white. Others think that ilie was not called lb 
+from the colour of her eyes, but from the terror 
+and formidubleaefs of her mien ; for which reufon, 
+lions and dragons arc alio called Ghiucii and CufL 
+She was allb called Pylori* , from a h Greek wordy 
+figuifying a gate : for as the image of Mars was 
+letup in die lbburbs, fo her cihgy or picture v/ts 
+placed on tire city-gates, or doors of houfes ; where- 
+Ly they fignified, that we ought to ufe our \ve:i- 
+p.Ku aoroad to keep the enemy from entering our 
+towns: but in the town we mull ufe die allUiaaeo 
+
+f ^ A" • 
+
+oi nthuiva, not of Mars ;• that is, die Rate ought: 
+
+K u to 
+
+
+4 r 
+.* 
+■d 
+
+
+
+
+c IXiTL i cR iMulioa, tjuod Rraomc; in (jus Oo;p>»:e :id Nlus ci 
+ti’.usitu rciou.tbant. I*.in. Nut. Hiifc. I. 34. a ti. 
+
+1 -I proem liinc, n *n oil n:ihi tibia tarn i, 
+
+Wl visit vul us Palhi. in amnt l'uo-d’ 
+
+-Way .ht.'t ..rt not Jo much woril., Ihc cry cl, 
+
+-•’carpipj, v.-hm ihe 1 k.i i i' :h’ :i: jam . clpy cl. 
+
+" ha aims ocuh.s <x c.dioj-, Labct 
+
+g"d> i! <0Lu.i ; l 1 aufan. in .-\rtic. h A -.ra a ymai. 
+
+-Ii-ifjiu:. in Iiu:ncnkl. 
+
+
+ty - — « *—— • 
+
+
+i* -x :ro 
+
+
+
+
+j 
+
+
+
+
+.£04 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+to be governed at home by prudence, conn hi, a 
+J aw a 
+
+
+w 
+
+
+
+
+SECT. IV. fhe fig n if lea i ion of the If ah Ie. Pa!f 
+
+the fymhol of IVif dun and Chef ity. 
+
+
+
+
+Y tills f!ory of Minerva, 1 the poets intended to 
+
+A 3 reprefent wifdom, that is, true and fkihal 
+
+.knowledge, joined wltli clifcrcet and prudent my. 
+
+jiers. They hereby figniiieri alfo the underftand- 
+
+.ing of the nobleft arts, and the accompli ihments of 
+
+the mind 5 the virtues, and efpccially chattily, 
+
+-iMor, indeed, without renfon. For, 
+
+1. Minerva is faid to be born out of Jupiter’s 
+
+brain ; becaufe the wit and ingenuity of man did 
+
+not invent the ufcful fcieuccs, which, for the tool 
+
+of man, v/cre derived from the brain of [ u pi ter; 
+
+' * * 
+
+that is, from the inexhaviftible fountain of the di. 
+vine wifdoiT), from wlience not only the arts ml 
+fciences, but the blcfiings of wifdom and vivt 
+
+
+r.e 
+
+
+alfo proceed. 
+
+2. Pallas was born armed; k becaufe a wife r.iz\\ 
+foul, being fortified with wad cm and virtue, i-j in¬ 
+vincible : he is prepared and armed againf: fojlir.-t: 
+in dangers lie is intrepid, in erodes iinbobe ; n 
+calamities impregnable. Tires J “ thousb the Ir.r c 
+
+i O < * 
+
+41 of Jupiter fvveats in foul weather, yet as J-ip:ur 
+<l himfclf is dry and unconcerned with it, ib a vmc 
+Ci man’s mind is hardened a sain ft all the 
+
+
+n t 
+
+
+o 
+
+upen his body. 5 ’ 
+
+
+aiiui/ii 
+
+
+o 
+
+o 
+
+
+46 that fortune can m?h 
+
+Minerva is a virgin., m as all the mufes r/c. 
+And accordingly' the fight of God is prom if: u to 
+pure and undefiled eyes : for even the heafhr.is 
+thought that chafle eyes could fee God ; and v.il* 
+
+<!o:n 
+
+
+( ' tt 
+V ' % » <• * 
+
+
+i Cic. i.Oflic. k Cicero in Paradoxi-. 1 
+
+ndmodum cnini non collicjucfcit Jupiter dum fimulacrum tj 111 
+<]ucfit : fie ibpientis animus ad cjurflibct adverse foriuiv: 
+obdurcIVit. Sencc.i. in Gj eg. Nyff dc Vi re 
+
+pitum 4 vc 5. Scrv. in ./Encid. 
+
+
+
+
+V 
+
+
+Of. the Gruels of the Heathens.. 
+
+
+rc 
+
+
+j 
+
+
+com and mode fly has often appeared in the vifions 
+l of holy men, in the form and habit of virgins. 
+
+4. Minerva has a levere look and a Rom coim- 
+t:irnice : becaufe a wife and modefl mind gains not 
+i:> reputation and eflcem from outward beauty and 
+Jin cry, but from inward honour and virtue. For 
+. vidiom joined with inodefly, though clothed with 
+
+rags, fends forth a glorious (liming luftre : flic has 
+i. ns much beauty in tattered garments as -when flic 
+f is clothed with purple, and as much majesty wlien 
+die fits on a dunghill as when fhe is placed on a 
+tiirone : fhe is as beautiful and charming when 
+joined to the infirmities and decays of old age, as 
+v.lien fhe is united to the vigour and comclincfs of 
+youth. 
+
+5. She invented and cxercifcd the art of fpin- 
+ring: from hence other virgins, if they would pre- 
+
+[ f.n've their chaflity, may learn never to indulge 
+idlcnefs, hut to employ themfelves continually in 
+| home fort of work ; after the example of n Lucre- 
+tin, a noble Roman princefs, who was found late 
+|'at night fpinning among her maids, working, and 
+fitting in the middle of the room, when the young 
+•gentlemen came thither from the king. 
+
+6. As the fpindle and the diilafF were the in¬ 
+vention of Minerva, fo they are the arms of every 
+virtuous woman. When fhe is furniilied with 
+
+AJ r* 4 ^ ^ • ft 
+
+|tiiele, me will defpife the enemy of her honour, and 
+^drive away Cupid from her with the greateft eafe: 
+f for which reafon thofe inllruments were former¬ 
+ly carried before the bride when fhe was brought 
+holier hufband’s houfe ; and fomewhere it is acuf- 
+om j at the funeral of women, to throw the diflaff 
+md fpindle into the grave with them. 
+
+ft 
+
+!• As loon as Tirellas had feen Minerva naked, 
+pic loft his fight : Was it for a puniihment, or for 
+
+E 5 a 
+
+
+n Livy, I. x. 
+
+
+o Bcllof. lib, ult, c. 13 . 
+
+
+
+
+xo6 
+
+
+Of the Cods of the Heathens* 
+
+«- r % • 
+
+
+:> reward ? Surely lie never faw tiling? fo aoiuei,* 
+before; for then he became a prophet, and kne>- 
+future tilings long before they were a'ited ; vdiidi 
+is an excellent precept to us, That he who hy 
+once beheld the beauty of true wifcloni ckadv. 
+may, without repining, lore his bodily fghr, n:.J 
+want the view of corporeal things ; lincc he be¬ 
+holds the things that are to come, and enjoys the 
+
+O ^ v f 
+
+contemplation, of eternal heavenly things, wind 
+are not visible to the eye. 
+
+8. An owl, a bird feeing in the dark, was if 
+cred to Minerva, and painted upon her Jmaar. 
+which is the reprefentation of a wife man, win., 
+fcattering and difpelling the clouds of ignoranu 
+and error, is cl car-fig a ted when others are iku 
+blind 
+
+9. What can the Palladium mean, an image- 
+wich gave fecurity to thofe cities in winch it v,r.« 
+placed, unlefs that tliofe kingdoms ilovinhii and 
+p.roiper where wifdom presides ? It.is fuppefed n 
+have fallen down from heaven, that we may u:> 
+derfland (what, we find.confirmed by the feripture) 
+p That every good and perfect gift comes from aho r a 
+and de/bends from the Fa c her of Lights . 
+
+To this I. add the infer!ption which was heret 
+fore to be feen in the temple of Minerva, written 
+in golden letters,. among the Egyptians : q / am 
+what u , what /hall he, what hath been ; my vrJ 
+hath been unveiled by none :■ Fhe fruit • which l hau 
+b 7' ought forth is this , the fun is horn . Which are 
+words, as I think, full of myllerics,- and containing 
+a. great deal of fenfe : Let every one interpret 
+them according to his xniud. 
+
+CHAP 
+
+
+c* 
+
+
+p Epift. Jac. i. 17. q Ego fum qurc funt, qrs 
+
+crunt, quae fucrunt : Velum meum rcvelavit nemo. Quern .'^0 
+frustum peperi, Sol eft natus. Vide Eil. Oyrald. Synt. 
+
+
+r 
+
+
+PI. TXL 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+
+107 
+
+
+G H A P. XII. 
+
+
+o 
+
+o 
+
+
+ECT. I. Vexus. JY?/' InWV" 
+
+
+s 
+
+
+# 
+
+
+T 
+
+
+URN jour eyes iiov: to a fvcct object, 
+_ and view that Goddefs in whofe coun¬ 
+tenance all graces fit and play, and difeover all 
+their charms. You fee a pleafantnefs, a mirth, a 
+joy, in every part of her face : you fee a thonfand 
+pretty beauties and delights fporting wantonly in 
+}ier fnowy bofom. Obferve with what a becoming 
+pride ihe holds up her head and views herfelf, where 
+ihe finds nothing but joys and foft delights. She 
+is clothed with a r purple mantle, glittering with 
+diamonds. By her fide hand two Cupids, and 
+round her are the three Graces, and after follows 
+die lovely beautiful Adonis, who holds up the 
+GoddelYs train. The chariot in which Ihe rides 
+is made of ivory, finely carved, and beautifully 
+painted and gilt, and is drawn by fvvans and doves, 
+or fwallovvs, as "Venus directs, when Ihe pleafes to 
+ride in it. 
+
+P. Is that Venus the Goddefs of love, the pa- 
+tronefs of ftrumpets, the vile promoter of impu¬ 
+dence and lull, infamous for fo many whoredoms, 
+rapes, and in cells ? 
+
+M. Yes; that is Venus, whom, in. more honour¬ 
+able terms, men ftile the Goddefs of the Graces^ the 
+author of elegance , beauty , neatnefs , delight , and 
+cheerfulnefs : But in reality Hie is, as you fay, an 
+
+impudent ilrumpet, and the miflrefs and president 
+of obfeeni ty. 
+
+P . Why then is file fo beautifully painted ? Why 
+is her drefs fo glorious? Why is not her chariot. 
+
+E 6 rather* 
+
+
+r Philoftrat. L % Imag. Ovid. Metam. ij. Ovid. 1 . 6. IIo-- 
+,Tst * 3. Ovid, Metam. jo. Sappho Poet* 
+
+
+io8 Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+rather drawn by Twine, or dogs, or goats, than hy 
+fv/ans or doves, the pureft and chafteU: of biro..? 
+infernal and black fpirits are attendants more Tuiu 
+able to her than the Graces- 
+
+M. What do you fay ? Blind fooiilb men 
+formerly to ercdt altars, and deify their vices ; dun¬ 
+hallowed the greateft impieties with frankineer.iV, 
+
+
+• — • / 
+
+and thought to afeend into heaven by the Heps oi' 
+
+their iniquities. But let us net inveigh agair.H {]<■: 
+
+manners of men, but rather proceed in our flory 
+
+of Venus. 
+
+You will in other places fee her painted, Tome- 
+times like a young virgin riling from the Tea, real 
+riding i:i a Thell ; again, like a woman, holding the 
+fhell in her hand, her head being crowned with 
+rofes. s Sometimes her picture has a lilver Icckin^- 
+glafs .in its hand, and on its feet are golden fa-nibs 
+and buckles. In the pictures of the Sicyorhans 
+jhe holds poppy in one hand, and an apple in the 
+other. They confecrated to her the thighs of all 
+facrifices except Twine: for Venus, though fhehcr- 
+felf be filthy and unclean, abominates fwinc for 
+their uncleannefs ; or rather, becaufe a boar killed 
+Adonis her gallant. * At Elis fhe was painted 
+treading on a tortoife ; ihewing thereby that vir¬ 
+gins ought not to ramble abroad ; and that mar¬ 
+ried women ought to keep lilence, love their own 
+home, and govern their family. She wore a girdle 
+or belt, called cefltts (from which Tome derive 
+inceflus , incell), in which all kinds of pleafures, de¬ 
+lights, and gratifications, were folded up. • u Some 
+gave her arrows, and make Python, or Suada, the 
+Goddefs of eloquence, her companion. 
+
+
+Sect. 
+
+
+s Philoflrat. in Imagin. Paufan. in Corinth, 
+prrcc. connub. Sc lib. de Ifid. & Oiir. 
+ilmir). in IVTedea. Ex Pliumitt. 
+
+
+t Plat, in 
+
+u Horn. Iliad. 14* 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+
+io 
+
+
+9 
+
+
+Sect. II. d he T)cfce?it OJ Venus. 
+
+,4 # E learn from fcveral authors, x that there 
+\'Jf were four Venules, born of different pa- 
+iviits ; but tliis Venus, of whom we fpeak, was 
+the molt eminent of them, and had the beauties as 
+v.'t'il as the blcmi flies of the other commonly aferib- 
+ei! to her. y She fprang from the froth of the fea ; 
+whhb froth was made when they cut orf the fecrets 
+ofCxvlus or his fon Saturn, and threw them into 
+the lea. z Hence file was by the Greeks called 
+A.hrjdite ; though others think Ihe was fo named 
+from the mn.ilnefs with which lovers abound. a As 
+foon as (lie was born, ihe was laid, like a pearl, in 
+a shell in dead of a cradle, and was driven by Ze- 
+pnyrus upon the ill and Cyprus, where the Hours 
+jy/'-rw] received her, and took her into their bo- 
+baas ; educated, accomplifhed, and adorned her ; 
+and when ihe came to age, carried her into heaven, 
+and prefen ted her to the Gods^ who, being taken 
+her beauty, all defired to marry her : but at 
+hit ihe was betrothed to Vulcan, and' afterwards 
+married to him. 
+
+
+Sect. III. Names of Venus . 
+
+QVE is called Venus, fays Tully, b becaufe all 
+G things are iubject to the laws of love, or are 
+[produced and begotten by love: or elfe, as c others 
+lay, her name is given her becaufe fhe is eminent¬ 
+ly beautiful; for Ihe is the Goddefs of Beauty : or, 
+hilly, Ihe is fo called, becaufe flie d was a ft ranger 
+
+or 
+
+
+x Cic. de Nat. Deer. 
+
+
+y Heflod. Theogon. 
+
+
+z Ex 
+
+
+ipuma; vcl ut alii dicunt, ’A tto you cc(ppcuvuv, infanirc. Ex 
+Euhyid. Phurnut. a Horn. in Hymn, ad Venc- 
+
+rem * b A ven ion do, quod ad omnes res veniat, vei quod 
+
+p r cr.m omnia proveuiant ac progignautur. c Venus 
+
+I"-' 1 venufta. Paufan. in Attic. d Venus a veniendo, 
+
+adventitia, fie Gra corum dodtriua adventitia & trar.fmarina 
+vocabatur. Cic. Offic. I I . 
+
+
+no 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens', 
+
+
+r, 7 - - * 
+
+
+or foreigner to the Romans ; for /lie was foil wr, r _ 
+(hipped by tlic Egyptians, and from the hkyptb.;, 
+/lie was tran(luted to the Greeks, and from tutu 
+to the Romans. 
+
+si mica *e resio.£ \JIcto:ra~\ was a name given hr 
+by the Athenians, c becaufe (he joins lovers Uyc 
+ther: and this Greek word is nfcd both in a good 
+and bad iignification, fignifying both a fvcaihuut 
+and a /trumpet. 
+
+sir mat a ; bccaufe f when the Spartan very; 
+fallied out of their towns, befieged by the i'Jeii'; 
+nians, anti beat them, their hufbands, who we-c 
+ignorant of it, went out to tight and me: their 
+wives returning from the purfuit : the menbJiey. 
+ing them enemies, made themfelves ready to iigir, 
+but the women /hewed, both by words and cited.-, 
+that they were their wives-; and for this rc.iij:i 
+a temple was dedicated to Venus Arinata. 
+
+Tlie Sidonians called her 5 s/fiat le, or Dea Syria, 
+(which Goddcfs, others think, was the moon 7 
+and wor/liipped her in the figure of a flar. 
+
+slpatin ict ; that is, h the deceiver : for neither h 
+any tiling more deceitful than a lover, nor air 
+thing more fraudulent than love, which flatters our 
+eyes, and pleafes us,, like rofes in their fin eft co¬ 
+lours, but leaves a thorn in the heart; it torments 
+the mind, and wounds the confidence. 
+
+She was called by the Remans 1 Barb at a ; bc¬ 
+caufe, when the Roman women were fo troubled 
+with a violent itching that all their hair fell oir, 
+they prayed to Venus, and their hair grew again; 
+
+where- 
+
+
+c 'Era/ffl», id eft, focia, amicos Sc amicz ; jungerct Feftus ci 
+Apol. & Hcfych. f Paufan. in Lucan &c in Attic, 
+
+g Epiph. contra Haeref. Eufcb. I. de Praep. Evang. 
+h Ab ' A.TOLTu.co i fallo. Lucian, de Dea. Syr. Strabo* 1. IL 
+i Serv. Macrob. Suidas, & alii. 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+
+HI 
+
+
+thereupon they made an image of Venus with a 
+cj:nb, anci gave it a beard, that fhe might have 
+Ml* of both foxes, and be thought to preildc 
+orcr the generations of both. That this might be 
+expreiied more plainly, the upper moft part of the 
+jjnao-c reprefented a man, and the lower part of it 
+
+
+a woman 
+
+
+w 
+
+
+Cy/'risj Cypria and Cyprognna 7 becaufs fhe w <15 
+ordupped in the bland of Cyprus. Cyt.heris and 
+Cythercfti from tlie iiland of k Cydierea, whither 
+]};e was Jirfl carried in :i fea-fhell. . 
+
+There was a temple at Rome dedicated to Hr as 
+Caha ; 1 bccaufe when the Gauls polledled. that 
+citv, ropes for the engines were made with the 
+womens hair.. 
+
+Cluriana, from m Cl no, an old word, to fghi ; 
+bc'ttuife hrr image was fet up in the place in which 
+the peace was concluded betwixt :hc Romans and 
+
+Sabines. 
+
+F.ryciria , from the mountain r ‘ Eryx in the iiland 
+of Sicily 5 upon which firneas built a Jplcndid and 
+famous temple to her honour, bccaufe flie was Iris 
+mother. 0 Horace makes mention of her under 
+this mime. 
+
+p She is properly called Rideas, and Homer calls 
+her q a lover of laughing : for fhe is faid r to have 
+been born laughing, and from thence called the 
+Go chiefs of mirth. 
+
+Horte-njis ; becaufe fhe looks after the production 
+
+f 
+
+01 
+
+
+k Feflus. 1 Ladlant. lib. i. Divin. Inflitut. 
+
+m Vegetiusde re militari. n Plin. 1 . 15. Polyb. I, 1-, 
+
+Serv. JE n. 1. 
+
+o “ Sive tu mavis, Erycina ridens, 
+
+“ Quam Jocus circumvolat <Sc Cu•pido. ,, 
+
+If you, blithe Goddefs, -will cur fide defend. 
+
+Whom Mirth and briilc Dcfire do Hill attend. Hor. 1 .1. Od. C. 
+V £midas Phurnut, q i. C. ajuans.rifus. 
+
+Bom. iliacl 20, r Hefiod, 
+
+
+/ 
+
+1 1 2 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+of feed and plants in gardens. And Fed us tell; 
+us, that the word Venus is by Nsevius put for herb* 
+as Ceres is for bread , and bTcpliinus for Jyh % 
+
+s Id alia and Acidalin , from the mountain Idaluj 
+in the illand Cyprus, and the fountain AcidaKiu i : . 
+Bceotia. 
+
+Ivlarina , becaufe ihe was born of the fea, and 
+begotten of the froth of the waters ; which c Au- 
+fonius hath elegantly mentioned in his jioem. 
+
+From thence ihe is called u Aphroditis and Ana* 
+dyomene ; that is, cmcrguig cut of the waters^ as 
+Apelles jiainted her ; and Pontic:, from Pomu?, 
+Hence came the cuftom, that thofe who had efca- 
+ped any danger by water, ufed to facrifice to Venus. 
+Hence alfo the mariners obferved thofe folemni- 
+
+
+ties called Abhrodi/ia , which Plutarch deferibes in 
+
+J. •* ' 
+
+a treatife agninfl Epicurus. 
+
+
+M.'/asus, or MeLenis^ x that is, dark and conceal ¬ 
+
+
+ed ; of which nature are all nodlurnal amours, both 
+
+
+lawful and unlawful. For y works of love do a/i >j 
+the?n feel: the dark . Whence the Egyptians tvor- 
+iliipped a Venus called 2 Scoteia , a Goddefs to haul 
+
+
+?nired in the night ; that is, in marriage. 
+
+Meretrix ; a becaufe die taught the women in 
+Cyprus to proflitute themfelves for money. 
+
+b JMigonitis ii guides her power in the manage¬ 
+ment of love. Therefore Paris, after he had mixed 
+
+
+embraces with Helena, dedicated the firil temple 
+
+
+
+s "Virg. iTn. i. & Scrv. Hoi at! us f.cpe. 
+t “ Orta Jalo, fufeepta lolo, patre edita Ccelo.” 
+
+Heaven gave her life, the fea a cradle gave, 
+
+And earth’s wide regions her with joy receive, 
+u Plin. 35. c. 10. Alex, ab Aleq. Clitipho £cLcucippe. 
+x Nigra & tenebrofa, a ,««.«£, j. c. niger, quod onnic axon? 
+•pis am at tenebras. Paufan in Arcad. 
+
+y Find. Od. 9. Pyrrh. ex Hefyc. 2 'Zkotuu, xcu vukh %«.v> r W\ 
+Dea admiranda a no< 5 tu Sc tenebris. Kurip. in Hippol. 
+
+a Hetft. & Scrv. b A t utyvvut } i. e, niil'ccc. Pauhxb 
+
+JLacon. 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+ta € Venus Migonitis ; and d Virgil ufes a like ex- 
+predion, fpeaking of the affairs of love. 
+
+She is called Murcia in Livy and Pliny, quaji 
+Myrtea : becaufe the myrtle was facred to Venus 5 
+and her temple upon the Aventine mountain at 
+Rome was anciently called Marcus* 
+
+P aphid, from the city Paphos in the ill and' of 
+Cyprus, where they facrificed flowers and frank- 
+incenfe to her. And this is mentioned by e Virgil. 
+This image had not a human fliape : but, as f Ta¬ 
+citus fays, “ It was from the top to the bottom of 
+“ an orbicular figure, a little broad beneath ; the 
+“ circumference was fmall, and fharpening towards 
+<l the top like a fugar-loaf. The i*eafcn unknown.” 
+s Lucan obferves, that it was ufual to worfhip 
+ether Gods in confufed fhapelefs figures. And 
+it is certain, the Goddefs Pefimuntia, (of whom 
+we fliall fay more when we fpeak of Gybele) was 
+nothing but a fhapelefs flone which fell down from 
+
+heaven. 
+
+
+c Vcncri Migonitidi. 
+
+(\ -“ quem Rhea facerdos, 
+
+“ Fur ivo parru, fub luminis edidit auras, 
+
+“ Mixta Deo mulicr/* 
+
+-Him pricftSfs Rlica bore 
+
+Into the lightfome world ; fo flol’n by joy, 
+AI xt with a Deity, flic brought a boy. 
+
+<« i. r. _1_ . i 1 • . • r 1 /• 
+
+
+part pe 
+
+To vifit Paphos and her native clime, 
+
+Where garlands, ever green and evet fair, 
+
+Vi ::^ votvs are offer'd, and with folemn pray’r : 
+An hundred altars in her temple fnioke, 
+
+A thoufand bleeding hearts her po\v*r invoice, 
+f £;at continuus orbis, latiore initio, tennem in r 
+modo exurgens; 'Sc ratio in obfeuro. .Lib. 3. 
+
+A —“ flmulacraque madia deontm 
+Arte carcnt, casfifque extant in formia truncis. 
+AH artlefi?, plain, mifliapen trunks they are ; 
+
+1 heir mofs and mould ineis procures a fear. 
+
+
+AEneid. 7. 
+
+
+.AEm I. 
+
+
+ambit 11 m, me-* 
+
+
+
+114 the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+heaven, as we find from Herodian. So h Tertulliaa 
+fays, i£ Even Pallas the Athenian Goddefs, and 
+“ Geres the Goddefs of corn, both of them with- 
+<l out any certain eiligics to them but mere rugged 
+“ flakes, and fhapelefs pieces of wood, are things 
+iC that are bought and fold.” And Arnobius ados, 
+cc i The Arabians worfhipped a ft one without form 
+“ or fhape of a deity.” 
+
+Her name h Verticordia fignifies the power of 
+love to change hearts, and eafe the minds of men 
+from all cares that perplex them. 1 Ovid mentions 
+this power of her’s. And for the fame reafoa Ye. 
+nus is called in the Greek m JLpiJlrophia . 
+
+
+Sect. IV. Actions of Venus. 
+
+W HAT deeds can you expert from an. impu¬ 
+dent and' powerful ftrumpet, but thofe 
+which are full oflewdnefs, andmifehief, and plagues?. 
+It were endlefs only to repeat the names of all thofe 
+whom fhe has armed to the ruin of one another; 
+whom fhe has turned into beafls, by inciting them 
+to commit fuch monflrous wickednefs as mock fly 
+cannot mention. 
+
+For who, without blufhing, can hear the (lory 
+of Nidtime ? who, infpired by impure lull, and 
+raging with cur fed flames, ° is faid to have com¬ 
+mitted inceft with her own father ; for which abo¬ 
+minable wickednefs fhe was. changed into an owl, 
+
+an 
+
+
+h Et Pallas Attica Ceres farrea fine cfiigle rudi p.do, & i> 
+foi mi ligno proftanc. Tertul. in Apol. i Anib^h 
+
+fbrmem_coluerant lapitlem. Arnob. contra Ccntes, lib 6. 
+k Quafi corda vertens. 
+
+1 “ Ttmjpla jubet fieri Vencri, quibus ordine faclis, 
+
+“ Inde Venus verfn nominr. cordc tenet. Pith 
+
+r i cmples arc rais’d to Venus; whence the name, 
+
+Fr< m changing minds, of Veriicor.dia came. 
+
+m- ’Ectj^^ab; quod veitat homines. Paui’ari Attic. 
+
+h —•— u Patrium temcrafTe cubile.” Ovid. 4« 
+
+
+To have defil'd her father’s bed-. 
+
+
+
+Of the G oils of the Heathens. 1 I J 
+
+, in U o-Iv difinal bird of the night, who, 11 confcious 
+of her guilt, never appears in the day-time, but 
+fecks to conceal her ihame, and cover it by dark- 
+DL'Jf, being driven from tli£ fociety of all birds. 
+
+Who does not abhor the fame fuel of My rrha, 
+vdiich was contrived and committed by the encou¬ 
+ragement and afillance of v'ci.us? She committed 
+i;;ced with her own lather by the ailifrance of Gy- 
+naras her old muTc ; but lier 13n proved her ruin ; 
+B for lhe was turned into a tree, which always, as 
+in were, bewails its impurity, and fends forth drops 
+like tears. 
+
+V/hy Ihould I mention the Propaetides, the 
+chiefs of Urumpets, who denied that Venus was a 
+(ioddefs ? They were the fir ft proftitutes ; and 9 
+were afterwards turned into Hones. 
+
+Wiiy ibould I let before you Pygmalion,, a fla- 
+tunry ? who, coniidering tlie great inconveniencies 
+of marriage, had reiblvcd to live finglc ; but after¬ 
+wards making a moll elegant and artificial image 
+of Venus, lie fell fo much in love with his ow:i 
+
+work- 
+
+
+i) C< culprv 
+
+‘‘ Coi ipt-vicum, 3i*ccniquc fu $it ; t/ncbrifque pudorexn 
+Cclat, iSc a ciUiClio cX|-.dlilur a i c tore.” 
+trl.i nfdc-ns <,.f her Iha.ue, avoicis the light, 
+
+A:m r.ri-. in fhrond her guilfy JicacI 1:1 night, 
+
+
+l • •• .« • ' , <» 'I'M', •, ^ . •>/•»• • 
+
+J ‘ - * i*lt ti «'*t t vv Ci.Uii 4 
+
+
+0 
+
+u 
+
+
+r 
+
+
+f U 
+
+
+qiu.iiiji:..:n ankl.t vote res cum coiyorc fcnJTus, 
+
+
+-at t.ar.cP, <-z kin 1 ;!; mniKiur ex avDorc giitfrc. 
+
+’I L.j: h ,'xrSc %vitl: i'h: • \> o ihc lui'K J t i 11 \e c \ ing, the 
+
+have.* bitter tears, which trickle frt ni her tree. Ovid. I\Tct. IO 
+
+p-“ prt» quo fuu Nun)ink' i r A 
+
+“ f Yirora, cum A.rnu), \ rinui i: vulgnffe fenuitwr ; 
+
+*' e quv i.i'dor ccflir, Jaiu'idfque irrfuruit mis, 
+
+‘‘ !n r';;idum j'urvo filieem dilcriniint* veiiref’ 0\id. Met. IO* 
+d a fir/t that ever gave the mi d va*- for hirt, 
+
+A' ]u* iuturion, isrg ci by Vcnu-.’ he ; 
+i u. 'o*‘k' tluboMcn'c!, m »dedy {.fuse, 
+k-’i'crt at length to litdw differ ire fluae. 
+
+
+v \ - 
+
+
+
+
+116 Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+workmanfhip, that he begged of Venus to turn 
+into a woman, and enliven the ivory. His wifhes 
+were granted ; and he begot of this image Paphos 
+from whom the q ifland Paphos had its name. 
+
+And here it will not be abfurd briefly to relate 
+the ftories of Pyramus and Thifbe, Atalanta and 
+Hippomenes, Paris and Helena, three couple of 
+moff unfortunate lovers. 
+
+Pyramus and Thifbe were both inhabitants of 
+the city of Babylon ; equal in beauty, age, condi¬ 
+tions and fortune. They began to love each other 
+from their cradles. Their lioufes were contigu¬ 
+ous ; fo that their love arofe from their neighbour¬ 
+hood, grew greater by their mutual play, and was 
+perfected by their lingular beauty. This love in- 
+creafed with their years; and when they were mar¬ 
+riageable, 'they beggedtheir parents con fen t; which 
+was refufed, becauie of fome former quarrels be¬ 
+tween the two families. And that the children 
+might not attempt any thing againfl their parens 
+will, they were not permitted to fee each other cr 
+to fpeak together. What could Pyramus do ? or 
+how could Thifbe bear this? there was a partition- 
+wall between both lioufes, in which wall there v.as 
+
+
+a fmall chink, never 
+vants. This crevice 
+
+
+difeovered by any of the 
+r the lovers found, and 
+
+
+
+here. Their words and their fighs went through, 
+but kiiTes could not pafs ; which, when they pare- 
+
+
+
+q-“ tic quo tenet infulr. nomen.’* Oviu. Met. ic- 
+
+whom the ifland does its name receive. 
+
+T u Quid r.on fentit anv>r ? 
+
+-I’lam primi vidiflis, am antes, 
+
+“ Kt vocisfcciflis iter ; turrecuu* per illucl 
+“ Munnure blanditiiu mini,no trat.fire folebant.** 
+
+
+This, for fo many ages undefcryM, 
+
+(What cannot love find out !) the lovers fipy’d ; 
+By ■which their whifp’ring; voices foftly trade, 
+
+.'7 ad Pafilon’s amVou'5 embattles crnvev’d 
+
+
+Ovid. M--‘. 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+
+riy 
+
+Buf: 
+
+
+
+
+cc f they s printed on each lide of the wall, 
+what a fatal rapture in their hearts did this fmall 
+breach in the wall produce ! for their love was too 
+great to be confined to fuch narrow bounds : the 
+next night therefore they refolved to enjoy that li¬ 
+berty abroad which they could not receive at home 
+by efcaping into a neighbouring wood, where they 
+agreed to meet under the fliade of a large mulber¬ 
+ry-tree, which flood clofe to a fountain. When 
+night came on, Thifbe deceives her keepers, and 
+efcapes firfl, and flies into the'wood ; for love gave 
+her wings. When flie came to the appointed place, 
+1 a lionefs came frefli from the {laughter of fome 
+cattle to drink at the fountain. Thifbe was fo 
+frightened that flie ran into a cave, and in her 
+flight her veil fell from her head ; the lionefs, re¬ 
+turning from the fountain, found the veil, and tore 
+it with her jaws fmeared with the cattles blood. 
+Afterwards came Pyramus, and fees the print of a 
+wild beak’s foot in the gravel, and by and by finds 
+the veil of Thifbe bloody and torn. Pie immedi¬ 
+ately imagining that flie was killed and devoured 
+by the beaft, prefently grew diflrafbed, and haltcn- 
+ed to the appointed tree ; and when he could not 
+Ibid Thifbe, lie threw liimfelf upon his fword, and 
+died. Tliifbe in the mean time recovered from 
+her fright, and came to the mulberry-tree ; where. 
+
+
+when fie came near 
+
+
+fhe fees u a man expiring. At 
+
+ft rfl 
+
+
+s 
+
+
+1 partique dederc 
+
+Oicnla quifque fua non pervenientia contra.” 
+
+i'hcir kiffes greet 
+he fcnfelefs flones with lips that cannot meet. 
+
+f -venit ecce recenti 
+
+“ Creuc Iecena bourn fpumantes oblita ridlus, 
+
+'■ Depofitura fitini vicini fontis in unda.” 
+
+^ hen, lo, a lionefs, with blood befmear’d, 
+Approaching to the well-known fpring, appear’d, 
+
+n-tremebunda videt pulfare cruel) turn 
+
+■Membra folum.” 
+
+
+fa 
+
+
+4 
+
+
+
+Il8 Of the Gods of the Heathens » 
+
+' firffc flic was amazed, and flopped, and went ] J: i c ; : 
+frighted. But when fhe knew v who it was, jl, c 
+ran into the embraces of her dying lover, mim-kd 
+her tears with his blood ; and, folding her arr.w 
+about him, being almoil diffracted with grief, j]. e 
+lamented the misfortune that robbed >er of h,* r 
+lover, w called upon him to anfwer if lie could, 
+when his Thifbe called him ; but he was ip .'{.ch¬ 
+iefs, and, only looking up to her, expired : Ar.:l r.n-.y 
+Thifbe was almofl dead with grief. She tore L.r 
+cheeks, and beat her breafts, and rent her hair, and 
+fhed a deluge of tears upon his cold face: nor fcom- 
+ed to mourn, till Ihe perceived her veil, bloody and 
+torn, in Py minus’s hand. She then underllood the 
+occafion of his death : and with all her flrength l!:e 
+draws the fword cut of the body of her lover, and 
+ftrikes it deep into her own ; and falling accident¬ 
+ally on him, gave him a cold kifs, end hrearlml 
+her lad breath into his bofom. The tree was warm¬ 
+ed with the blood of thefe unfortunate lovei s, lo 
+that it became fenfible of their misfortune, ami 
+mourned. Its berries, which were before while, 
+
+became 
+
+
+—in great furprife, 
+
+Blood rocking-earth, and trembling limbs, Ihc fpie«. 
+v “ Si-d pofhjuam remorata lacs cognovit, amorcs.’ 
+But when a nearer view confirm’d her fear, 
+
+'3’hat ’twas her Fyramus. lay wth’ring there, 
+v.’ “ Pyrame, rcipondc, tua te cr.rifiima 'I hifhe 
+c< Nominat; erhaudi, \ ulrulVpie attolle jaecntee. 
+
+“ Ad n onion ’i’hiibcs, f.cuius in mortc gravatos 
+*■' Pyranms erc:cit, vifaque recondidit ilia.” 
+
+She kill’d his lips: and when ihe found them cold. 
+No longer could from wild complaints with-hold. 
+What Itrange mifchance, what envious defiiny. 
+Divorces dear Pyramid from me? 
+
+Thy Thifbe calls—O Py ramus reply ! 
+
+Can Pyramus be deaf to Thifbe’s cry ? 
+
+When Thifbo’s name the dying lover heard, 
+liis half-clos’d eyes for one iafe look lie rear’d : 
+Which, having inatch’d the blefling of that fight, 
+Refign'd iliemfelves to evcrlafting night. 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+•became firfl red with grief, and bluflicel fox- the 
+death of Pyramus ; when Thifbe alfo died, the 
+b-rrics then became black and dark, as if they had 
+put on mourning. 
+
+In the next place, hear the dory of Atalanta and 
+JJkpomencs, She was the daughter of king Schre- 
+nC u3, or Casncus. It was doubted whether her 
+beauty or fwiftnefs in running were greater. When 
+jbe confultcd the oracle whether flic could marry 
+or no, die received this anfwer, That marriage 
+would be fatal to her. Hereupon the virgin hid 
+kifclf in the woods, and lived in places remote 
+from die converfation of men. But the more flie 
+avoided them, the more eagerly they courted her. 
+Her difdain inflamed tlieir deli res, and her pride 
+gained their adoration. At lad, when die faw die 
+could not othenvife deliver herfdf from the im¬ 
+portunity of her lovers. Hie made this agreement 
+with them : “ You court me in vain, (fays die) : 
+*• lie who overcomes me in running diall be my 
+huiband ; but tliey who are beaten by me fhall 
+differ death : I’ll be the victor's pri/.e, but the 
+“ vaiiquiihed’s punifhmcnt. If thefe terms pi cafe, 
+“ come, go with, me into the field.” They x all 
+agreed to thefe conditions ; they drove to outrun 
+her, but were all beaten and put to death, accord¬ 
+ing to the agreement; fullering the lofs of their 
+lives for the fault of their feet. Yet the example of 
+thefe gentlemen did not deter Hipj^omenes from un¬ 
+dertaking the race. He entertained hopes of win¬ 
+ding the victory ; becaufe Venus had given him 
+[three golden apples gathered in the gardens of the 
+defperides, and alfo told him how to ufe them. 
+■Hippomcnes brifkly r fet out and began the race ; 
+M when he faw that Atalanta overtook him, he 
+
+threw 
+
+
+x “ Venit ad banc legem temeraria turba procerum.’* 
+All Jut mad wooers take the terms propos'd. 
+
+
+J 2 & Oj the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+threw down a golden apple : the beauty of it ei.. 
+ticed her, fo that flic y went out of her way, f 0 j. 
+lowed the apple, and took it up. 
+
+Afterwards lie threw down another, and fi> e 
+Hooped again to reach it; and again a third ; f 0 
+that while Atalanta was blined in gathering them 
+up, Hippomenes reached the goal, and took the 
+lady, as the prize of his vi&ory. 
+
+But how inconflant is Venus ! and how bale is 
+ingratitude ! Hippomenes being drunk with low, 
+(rave not due thanks to Venus, but was forgetful 
+of her kindnefs. The Goddefs refen ted it; and 
+inflamed them with fuch flrong impatient defircs, 
+that in their journey they dared to fatisfy their 
+paflions in a temple ; for which facrilege they wore 
+immediately puniihed, for they were turned into 
+lions. 
+
+Laffly, let Paris and Helena come upon the 
+Rage. Paris was the foil of Priamus king of Troy, 
+by Hecuba. His mother, when fhe was biglniiid, 
+dreamed that fhe brought forth a burning torch; 
+and afking the oracle the interpretation of it, was 
+cnfwcrcd, That it did portend the burning of Troy, 
+and that the fire fhoiild be kindled by that boy that 
+fj-,c had in her womb. Therefore, as focn as the 
+child was born, by the command of Priamus, he 
+was expofed upon the mountain Ida, where the, 
+ihepherds brought him up privately, and cclntuiei 
+him, and called him Fans. When he arrived 
+at maturity, many excellent endowments and 
+qualities ilione in him; he gave fuch great to¬ 
+kens of lingular prudence and equity in de*l 
+
+
+ciding 
+
+
+controverfics, that when 
+
+
+a 
+
+
+di Her cnee 
+
+
+arofe among the Goddcfles, they referred it to 
+
+his judgment to be determined. The Gcddcfi 
+
+Dii- 
+
+
+y 41 Dcclinat curfus, aurumque volubile tollit. 
+She, greedy of the thin mg fruits, ftepsback 
+To catch the rolling gold. 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the HeatlDcns. iix 
+
+: phcordia was the occafion of the contention ; for, 
+jecaufe all the Gods and Goddefles, cxcejit her- 
+; € !f, were invited to the marriage of Peleus, fhe 
+vns angry, and refolved to revenge the difgrace ; 
+dien, "therefore, they all had met and fat down at 
+able, (he came in privately, and threw down 
+ijou the table an apple of gold, on which was this 
+iibription, a Let the faireft take it . Hereupon 
+rofe a quarrel among the Goddelies ; for every one 
+lought herlelf the handfomefl. But at lad all 
+i/» others yielded to the three fnperior Godde/Ies, 
+
+B ly, 
+
+to 
+fi- 
+s ; 
+ris 
+all 
+a 
+
+ry " 
+
+no 
+
+th 
+
+u- 
+
+ed 
+
+m 
+
+er 
+
+o- 
+
+ed 
+
+th 
+
+ch 
+
+he 
+
+of 
+
+ie, 
+
+b- 
+
+e- 
+
+e- 
+
+
+X 2 * Of the Gods of t 7 oe Heathens - 
+
+whereupon that fatal war between the Grecian 
+and Trojans broke out, in which Troy, the me¬ 
+tropolis of all Aha, was taken and miferably burnt, 
+in the year of the world 2871. There were killed 
+eight hundred iixty-eight tlioufand of the Greci¬ 
+ans ; among whom Achilles, their general, loft his 
+life, by the treachery of Paris himfelf. There were 
+(lain fix hundred feventy-fix thoufand of the Tro¬ 
+jans, from the beginning of the war to the betray¬ 
+ing of the city, ("for it was thought that /Eneas 
+and Antenor betrayed it) ; among whom Paris him¬ 
+felf was killed by Pyrrhus or Philottetes ; and his 
+brother Heftor b , the pillar of his country, was 
+killed by Achilles. And when the city was taken 
+and burnt, king Priamus, the father of Paris and 
+He&or, at once loll all his children, Hecuba his 
+ciueen, his kingdom, and his life. Helena, after 
+Paris was killed, married his brother Deiphobv.s; 
+yet fhe at laft betrayed the caftle to the Grecians, 
+and admitted Menelaus into her chamber to kil 
+Deiphobus ; whereby it is faid Ihe was reconcile! 
+.to the favour of Menelaus again. But thefe thing: 
+belong rather to hiltcry than fable, to which k 
+us return. 
+
+4 
+
+Sect. IV. Venus's Companions, Hynieiiceus, the Cu> 
+
+pids, the Graces , Adonis, 
+
+T ’SHE. firfl of Venus’s companions was the G 
+
+Hymeneus. He prelided over marriage, a 
+was the proteftor of virgins- He was the fon 0 
+Bacchus and Venus Urania, born in Attica, wher 
+he ufed to refeue virgins carried away by thieves 
+and reftore them to their parents. He was of 
+very fair complexion ; crowned with the amarac 
+or fweet marjoram, and fometimes with rofes; 
+.one hand he carried a torch, in the other a veil 
+
+
+b Patna; Cojumep. 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 12J 
+
+flame colour, to reprefent the blufhes of a vir- 
+in. Maids newly married offered facrifices to 
+im, as they did alfo to the Goddefs Concordia. 
+Cupid was the next of Venus’s companions. He 
+icalled the God of love ; and c many different pa- 
+=nts are afcribed to him, becaufe there were many 
+jupids. Plato d fays he was born of Penia the 
+‘oddefs of poverty, and Porus the fon of Counfel 
+id Plenty. e Hefiod relates, that he was born of 
+haos and Terra. Sappho derives him from Ve- 
+is and Coelum. Alcseus fays he was the fon of 
+ite and Zephyrus. Simonides attributes him to 
+lars and Venus; and Alcmaeon to Zep>hyrus and 
+ora. But whatever parents Cupid had, this is 
+ain, he always accompanies Venus, either as a 
+n or as a fervant f . 
+
+The poets fpeak of two Cupids. One of which 
+an ingenious youth s, the fon of Venus and Ju- 
+ter, a celeflial deity : the other an obfcene de- 
+uchec, the fon of Nox and Erebus, (Hell and 
+ight), a vulgar God, whofe companions are 
+runkennefs, Sorrow, Enmity, Contention, and 
+ch kind of plagues ; one of thefe Cupids is call- 
+trosy and the other A?iteros . Both of them are 
+vs, and naked, and winged, and blind, and arm- 
+with a bow and arrows, and a torch. h They 
+ve two darts, of different natures; a golden 
+r h which procures love, and a leaden dart, 
+iich caufes hatred. 1 Anteros is alfo the God 
+io revenges flighted love. 
+
+Although this be the youngefl of all the Gods 
+heaven, yet his power is fo great, that he is 
+eemed the Itrongeft of them ; for he fubdues 
+
+F 2 them 
+
+
+Philoftrat. in Icon. 
+
+Yj de Nat. Com. & Lil. Gyrald. 
+Plato in Phredro. 
+
+in ^ iCocr ' 10 Idyll, 
+
+
+d Plato in Sympof. 
+f Cic. de Nat. Deor« 
+h Pint, apud Stobream. 
+Pauian. in Bceot. Plut. in 
+
+
+
+
+1 24 Qf the Gods oj the Heathens* 
+
+them all. Without his afliftance his mother V*> 
+nus is weak, and can do nothing, as flic herklfi 
+confeflcs in Virgil. 
+
+P. But why is Cupid naked? 
+
+M\ He is naked, becaufe the lover lias notli::n 
+of Ids own, but deprives himfelf of ail that A 
+for his millrefs’s fake : he can neither cover nor 
+conceal any thing from her : of which Sampihji j } 
+a witnefs : for he difeovered to Ids beloved mi it rtfs 
+even the lecret on which his fafety depended ; and 
+here his underflanding was blinded before his eyes, 
+Another fays, that Cupid is naked, } becaufc lov¬ 
+ers delight to be lo. | 
+
+Cupid is a boy ; hecaufe lie is void of judgment. 
+His chariot is drawn hy lions ; for the rage and 
+fiercenefs of no creature is greater than the extra. 
+
+He is blind 
+
+becaufe a lover does not fee the faults of his bckv-l 
+ed object, nor confider in bis mind the rnikhiel 
+proceeding from that paflion. He is winged, be-l 
+caufe nothing flies fwifter than love : it is \vf] 
+known, that lie who loves to-day may hate to-mor¬ 
+row i the fpace of one day often fees love ;.n 
+averiion in their turns, reigning in the fame per- 
+fon : nay, Amnon, king David’s fon, both 3 cu 
+and hated the fame woman in a Ihor.ter fpace o. 
+time k . Laitly, he is armed with arrows , bctaule 
+he Hr ikes afar oil'. 
+
+
+vagancc and madnefs of violent love. 
+
+
+
+
+i tc Nate, mere vires, mca magna potentia, foIu £ .” iTiicid^ 
+Thou art my ftrength, O fon ! and jpovv’r alone. • 
+
+1 “ Qu- re nuda Venus, nudi pinguntur am ores ? 
+
+“ Nuda quibus placeat, nudos dimittat oportet.” 
+v.'hy’s Venus naked, and the loves are fo \ 
+
+Thole that love nakednefs fliould naked go, 
+a 2 Sam. xiii. 
+
+
+
+* 
+
+
+Of thi Gods of the Heathens . 3 2'j 
+
+* 
+
+The Graces, called 1 Charites , were three fiflers y 
+iie daughters of Jupiter and Eurynome, or Euno- 
+
+
+Wi ss Orpheus fays ; or, as others rather fay, the 
+laughters of Bacchus- and Venus. The ill'll 
+
+
+■was 
+
+
+D 
+
+
+tjloi jn ftghd'*', from her cheerfulnefs, her beauty 
+
+
+
+
+her worth ; becaufe kindnefs ought to be per¬ 
+formed freely and generoihly. The fecond, n dhc~ 
+h, from her perpetual verdure \ becaufe kindnefs 
+slight never to die, but to remain frefh always in 
+:he receiver’s memory. The third, ° Kuphrofyne , 
+from her cheerfulnefs ; becaufe we ought to be free 
+ind cheerful, as well in doing as in receiving a 
+indnefs. 
+
+Thefc fillers were painted naked (or in tranfpa- 
+ent and loofe garments), young and merry, and 
+1 virgins, with hands joined. One was turned 
+om the beholder, as if ihe was going from him ; 
+ie other two turned their faces as if they were 
+ming to him: whereby we underdand, that, when 
+ie kindnefs is done, thanks are twice clue ; once 
+hen received, and again when it is repaid. The 
+races are naked ; becaufe kindnefles ought to be 
+ne in fincerity and candour, and without difguifo. 
+iiey are young, becaufe the memory of kind- 
+lies received ought never to grow old. They are 
+ig>ns, becaufe kindnefles ought to be pure, with- 
+it expectation of requital 5 or, becaufe we ought 
+ver to give or receive a bale or iminodcft kind- 
+lS * i heir hands are joined, becaufe p one good 
+rri requires another : there ought to be a perpe- 
+d intercourfe of kindnefs and afliftance amoBit 
+
+ends. 
+
+F 3- Adonis 
+
+
+rn Ayl-at-' 
+
+
+■i-cfii-.i: a'ra x^-gets, i. e. a gaudio. 
+
+•ft, Jjilcnoor, honeftas, vcl dignitas. n ( 11 am 
+
+' ,;it Mu fa: Eonun), id eft, Viriditas Sc Concinnira®, a 
+Vl,eo * > o id efr, JL.'Utitia Sc Urbanitas, 
+
+!< ; 0{1 * in Theogon. p Xapt; ;s«piv rufiu. i. e. Gratis 
+
+ltiani pant, m Adas:. 
+
+
+4 
+
+
+126 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+Adonis was the fon of Gynaras king of Gyp 
+and Myrrha. As he was very handfome, Vena 
+took great delight in him, and loved his company 
+When he hunted, a boar goared his groin v 
+tufks, and killed him. Venus bewailed his ckf 
+with much forrow and concern ; and changed hi 
+blood, which was fhed on the ground, into tli 
+flower anemone, which ever lince has retained tl: 
+colour of blood* And while die ran to nihil bin 
+being led by his dying voice, file pricked her ico 
+with a thorn ; and the blood which came fro 
+thence fell on the rofe, which before was whit 
+
+being hereby made red. 
+
+Some add another pleafant conceit. They faj 
+that when Venus and Proferpina contended befo 
+Jupiter which fhould have Adonis, Jupiter refe 
+red them to Calliope, whom he appointed to 
+judg4 : of their quarrel. Calliope gave this fcutcnc 
+That Adonis fhould ferve Venus every year' 
+months, and wait upon Proferpina the other 
+The or.caning of which fable is this : Venus is t 
+earth, and her Adonis is the fun. She reigns wi 
+him fix months, attired with beauteous flowe 
+and enriched with fruit and corn ; the other 
+months the fun leaves us, and goes as it were 
+
+live with Proferpina. 
+
+Laflly, from Adonis comes the proverb, q M\ 
+siis's gardens ; by which are fignifled all thofe thin 
+that are line and gay, but ufelefs and.trifling. 
+
+Sect. VI. *l'he Explasiation of the Fable. 
+
+Hmorovfnefs of He?ius. 
+
+HPldE, Graces, Cupid, and Adonis, are Venn 
+companions, whereby is deferibed tnat u n e 
+vernable appetite and inclination which is in $ 
+
+
+towards obfeene pleafures. 
+
+
+• W' 
+
+
+o Adoaidis Marti, in Adag» 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens, 12'/ 
+
+i. She is called the Goddefs of beauty and Cornell f - 
+ficfi ;; becaufe beauty Is the great eft fomenter of 
+impure defires. She, fitting on a frail corporeal 
+throne, fubdues the foul. She by her flattery and 
+enticement fleals from the affections, and drives 
+away virtue, and bafely enflaves the whole man. 
+The Cythereans worfliipped Venus armed. Beau¬ 
+ty needs no weapons : file who poffeffes that is fuf- 
+ficiently armed. Anacreon ingenioufly tells us, 
+that Nature gave women beauty, that they might 
+ufe it inflead of fpears and fhields, and conquer 
+with greater fpeed and force than either iron or fire 
+can. Helena, Phryne, and innumerable others, 
+are witnefTes of this truth. One lady, when flie 
+was bound to the flake to be floned, with the light¬ 
+ning of her eyes difarxned her executioners : ano¬ 
+ther, when her crime was proved, and though fhe 
+had often offended before, when fhe tore her gar¬ 
+ments, and opened her breafl, fhe flopped the judge’s 
+mouth; and when her beauty pleaded her caufe, • 
+every body acquitted her. • 
+
+2. Beauteous Venus rides in a chariot, as it were 
+to triumph over her fubdued enemies, whom love, 
+rather than force, has conquered. She has her 
+arnbuilies, but they are compofed of pleafure and 
+enjoyment : fhe fkirmifhes with delights, and not 
+with fire and bullets. The wounds fhe gives are 
+bloodlefs and gentle : fhe ufes no other flames than 
+what flie kindles with her eyes, and draws the ar¬ 
+rows which fhe fhoots from no other quiver. And 
+it fhe fights thus,, it is no wonder that fhe makes - 
+the enemy fly to her rather than from her. 
+
+3. She wears a crown, becaufe fhe is always vic¬ 
+torious. Beauty never wants fuccefs j becaufe flie 
+fights at leifure,. conquers in time of peace, and 
+triumphs with her eyes. Thunder is contained 
+even in her filence, and lightning in her look. 
+
+. e ** e * zes the breafl, florms the mind, and takes 
+it captive with one affault,. nay, wifh one look. 
+
+E 4, Beauty 
+
+
+1*28 Of the Gods of the Heathens • 
+
+Beauty fpeaks without a voice, forces us wither,? 
+violence, ties us down without fetters* a nd chujnii 
+ns without witchcraft; and in her to fee is ro o«cr. 
+come, and to be icon is to triumph. Augufh:<jv. 
+fufed to fee her in Cleopatra* led; himfeif iliouM 
+be taken, and the conqueror of the world feb^jr 
+to a woman : When therefore ihe pleaded, and 
+made lier defence* he opened his ears* but lliut 3:h 
+eye 3. 
+
+4. She carries a looking-j^hifs* that the brittle, 
+neis of the glafs may remind her of the frailty of 
+her beauty. She is crowned with flowery gar. 
+lands ; becaufc nothing is more fading than Lean. 
+ly, which* like a flower, is blaficd by the led 
+breath, and broken by the leaf: accident* and diu 
+in the fliortefl moment. 
+
+She is born from the fea : bccaufe as many 
+florins and tempefts afiicl the lover as difimb the 
+fea : nothing but bitternefs is his portion ; fo tluit 
+we majr fay, that r to love is to fwallow a bitter 
+potion. This is certainly true* that the bitternefs 
+of the fea is fweet, if compared with the bitternds 
+of love. But fuppofe love had fweetnefs* yet, like 
+the fea from whence Venus fprang, it is full u 
+rempefluous defires and ftormy diiappointinents. 
+How many veifels have been fin'pwrecked there? 
+flow many goods loll ? What definition, not o:i!j 
+of mens el bates, but of their underflandings alio, 
+have happened there ? Inftances of which every 
+body who is not blind lias obferved. 
+
+6. Conflder the adulteries, rapes, andiucefhc 
+which Venus is acculed* and you will find which 
+way her beauty tends. See the precipices into 
+
+
+5 - 
+
+
+at- 
+
+
+winch that ignisJatuus in her eyes betrays its 
+miters. Though her face appears joure and cool ?i 
+the ice, it creates a paflion both impure and hoi 
+
+
+
+
+r Amarc effe amatori air.arum. 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens • 
+
+
+X29 
+
+
+as fire. From that ftream of fparkling fire which 
+comes from her eyes, clouds of dark and helliflz 
+impurity, and black mills of lull proceed. Thus* 
+by a ft range contradiction, many are blinded by 
+others eyes, and find tumults railed in their breaks 
+from the calm ferenity of others looks; grow pale 
+at the reduefs in their cheeks; lofe their own 
+beauty in admiring the beauty of others; and grow 
+immodefl by loving modefly. 
+
+F. How far will the fervour and the flowing 
+tide of your wit and fancy carry you ? The beauty 
+this Goddefs has raifed your admiration. 
+
+M. It has rather moved my indignation : But* 
+liowcvcr, you do well in flopping me. She hath 
+
+
+of 
+
+
+detained us longer than I expected, though nor 
+without reafon; becaufe file is one of the greatefi 
+of all the Goddelfes. The reft are lefs illuftrious* 
+and will by no means detain us fo long. 
+
+
+CHAP. XIII 
+
+
+Latona. 
+
+% 
+
+ATONA, whom you fee Handing next to Ve¬ 
+nus % was the daughter of Phoebe and Casus 
+:hc Titan. So great was her beauty, that Jupiter 
+ell in love with her, and deflowered her. When 
+uno perceived that fhe was big with child by him* 
+e call her out of heaven to the earth, and obliged 
+erra by an oath not to give her any where an 
+dotation to bring forth in: and, befides, c fhe fetr 
+lie ferpent Python upon her, to perfecute her all 
+ver the world. Juno, however, was difappointed 
+every thing ; for the ifland Delos received La- 
+
+F 5 tona 
+
+
+s Apollodor, I. 1 . Ovid. Metam. 6 . 
+
+
+t Orph, in Kymr 
+
+
+y 3 ° 0 /* the Gods of'the Heathens . 
+
+tona, where, under a palm or an olive-tree, 
+brought forth Diana; who, as foon as ffie was born, 
+performed the office of midwife to her mother, and 
+took care of her brother Apollo as foon as he was 
+born. 
+
+p. But if Terra fwore that ffie would allow no 
+place to Latona, how could ffie bring forth in 
+los ? 
+
+M . Very well ; u for they fay, that this iflan. 
+formerly floated in the fea, and at that time was| 
+hid under the waters when Terra took her oath, 
+but emerged afterwards by the order of Neptune, 
+and became fixed and ini move able for Latona’s ufe 
+from which time it was called x Delos , becaufe ii 
+was now vifible like other places. 
+
+P. But why did the ifland Delos emerge fori: 
+
+tona’s ufe ? 
+
+M. That is not ft range ; for this ifland was fide 
+to Latona. Some fay that her name was formed; 
+Afteria 9 whom Jupiter loved and courted, hut (hi 
+was converted into an ifland : but. others reportj 
+that Are was y converted into a quail, and flew inti 
+to this ifland, which was. therefore, among othc: 
+names, called z Ortygia . Niobe’s pride, and thi 
+barbarity of the countrymen of Lycia, increafe th- 
+fame of this Goddefs.. 
+
+Niobe was the daughter of Tantalus, and tfci 
+wife of Amphion king of Thebes. a She was f| 
+enriched with all the gifts of nature and fortum 
+and her happinefs was fo great, that ffie could m 
+bear it : wherefore, puffed up with pride, and ful 
+of felf conceit, ffie began to defpife Latona, andt 
+efleem herfelf greater than her, faying, Is any fy 
+
+/ A MM l P 
+
+
+u Lucian, in Dial. Iridis & Neptum, 
+elt, confpicua & manifelia. 
+
+z 'A tzq r%$ cgrvyoi a coturnice. 
+
+
+q 
+
+
+y[ Ovid. 15 Met. 
+a Ovid. 6 Mcuua, 
+
+
+
+V — 
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . tgz 
+
+pincfs to he compared to mine, a who am out of the 
+reach of fortune ? JIjc ?nay rob me of much wealth ; 
+and leave me fill very rich . Does a?iy one's wealth 
+exceed mine / Is any o?ie's beauty like mine ? Have 
+l not feven mqft beautiful daughters , and as many 
+ingenious and handfome Jons ? And have 1 not there¬ 
+fore reafon to be proud $ In this manner did fhe 
+boafi of her happinefs, and defpife others in com- 
+parifon of herfelf: but her mad pride in a fhort 
+time deprived her of all that happinefs which fhe had 
+poffefled, and reduced her from the height of good 
+fortune to the loweft degree of mifery ; for when 
+Latona law herfelf defpifed, and her facrilices dif- 
+turbed by Niobe, Ihe appointed Apollo and Diana 
+to punifh the injury that was offered to their mo¬ 
+ther. Immediately they two go, with their qui¬ 
+vers well filled with arrows, to Niobe’s boufe * 
+where iirfl they kill the foils, then the daughters, 
+and next the father, in the light of IXTiobe, who 
+by that means b was ftupified with grief, till at 
+
+F 6 length 
+
+
+a il Major fum quam cui poffit fortuna noccre ; 
+
+“ Ilfultaque ut cripiat, multo mihi pi ura rdinquet. 
+
+“ hi quamcumque ctoinus advert: lutnina partem, 
+
+“ Immenfas fpe»ilantur opes. Accedat eodem 
+“ Digna Dea facies. Huic natas adjice feptern, 
+
+4J lit totidem juvenes : £< mox gCnerofque, nurufque : 
+
+“ Qureritas nunc habeat quani noftra fuperbia cauiam ? J ’ 
+My ltate’s too great for fortune to bereave; 
+
+'1 hough much ihe lavifli, lhe-much more muft leave. 
+Throughout my court behold in ev’ry place 
+Infinite riches! Add to this a face • 
+
+Worthy a Goddefs : then, to crown my joys, 
+feven beauteous daughters, and as many boys. - 
+AH thefe by marriage to be multiply’d. 
+
+Behold, have we not reafon for our pride ? 
+
+h - Orba refedit 
+
+“ Exanimcs inter natos, natafque, virumquc, 
+
+** I>ingiiitque malis.” 
+
+She by her huiband. Tons, and daughters, fits 
+Aehildlefs widow, waxen Itiif with woes. 
+
+
+* 3 * 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the TTeatJoens, 
+
+
+length fhe was turned into marble, which, becaufe 
+of this misfortune, fheds many tears to this duv. 
+
+The rallies of the country of Lycia, in Alia, 
+alfo experience the anger of Latona with their ruin; 
+for when flie wandered in the fields very big with 
+twins, the heat of the weather, and the toil of hr 
+journey, brought fuch a drought upon her, that 
+flic altnoft fainted with thirfl. At lafl, difcoverir.g 
+a for in g in the bottom of the valley, file ran to it 
+with great joy, and fell on her c knees to drink the 
+cool waters ; but the neighbouring clowns hinder¬ 
+ed her, and bid her depart. She earneftly begged 
+leave, and they as furlily denied it : fhe did not 
+defire, d fhe faid, to muddy the flreams by wafh- 
+
+h 
+
+
+gelidos potura liquored.” 
+
+
+To quench her thirft with the refrefhing ftream. 
+
+ci “ Quid prohihetis aquas? ulus communis aquarum eft. 
+
+
+It 
+
+(C 
+
+
+In on ego ni llros 
+
+
+Quus tamcn ut detis, fupplex pefo. 
+
+Abluere hie artus, lafiaraque membra parabani : 
+Sed relcvare fitim. Caret os liumore loquentis. 
+
+“ Et fauces arent, vixque eft; via vocis in illis. 
+
+Hauftus aqua; miiii neeftar erit, vitanique fatebor 
+
+Acccpifte - --- 
+
+Quern non blanda Dose potuiffent verba movere ? 
+Hi tamcn orantem perftant prohibere ; minaf'que, 
+I^i procul abfeedat, conviciuque infuper addunt. 
+Nec fat is eft ; ipfos etiam pedibufque manuque 
+Turbavere lacus, imoque e gurgite mollem 
+Hue illuc limum iaku movere maligno.** 
+
+Whv hinder you, faid fhe. 
+
+
+&< 
+
+K 
+
+Ci 
+
+Ci 
+
+Ci 
+
+ci 
+
+fti 
+
+ci 
+
+
+The ufe of water, that to all is free ? 
+
+The fun, aii-, water, nature did not frame 
+Peculiar : a public gift I claim ; 
+
+Yet humbly I entreat it not to drench 
+My weary limbs, but killing thirft to quench. 
+
+My tongue wants moifture, and my jaws are dry 5 
+Scarce is there way for fpeech. For drink 1 die. 
+Water to me were neiflar. If I live, 
+
+*Tis by your favour. . 
+
+With whom would not fuch gentle words prevail l 
+But they, perlifting to prohibit, rail 5 
+
+
+m 
+
+
+PI. X. 
+
+
+era 
+
+
+■s cr j 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+_ 4 i 
+
+
+-I « 
+
+
+E 3 
+
+
+
+
+F 5 Q 
+
+
+t?4r»ra 
+
+
+*T* *,« ►- 
+
+ara r^4i 
+
+
+if- - ; 
+
+
+BQ 03 I 
+
+sraosac: 
+
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+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens.. I 3 3 
+
+ing herfelf in them, but only to quench her thirft, 
+now Ihe was almoft choaked with drought. They 
+regarded not her entreaties, but with many threats 
+endeavoured to drive her away; and, led: fhe fhould 
+drink, they leaped into the water, and mudded the 
+ftream. This great inhumanity moved the indig¬ 
+nation of Latona : who, not able to bear fuch bar¬ 
+barous treatment, curfed them, and faid to them, 
+c May ye ahvays live in this water. Immediately 
+they were turned into frogs, and leaped into the ' 
+muddy waters, where they ever after lived. 
+
+
+CHAP. XIV. 
+
+Aurora. 
+
+% 
+
+M. Tl THO do you think that flately F Goddefs 
+
+y V is > that is drawn in a chariot of gold 
+by white horfes ? 
+
+P. Is it not Aurora, the daughter of Terra and 
+Titan, the filler of the Sun and the Moon, and the 
+mother of the Stars and the Winds ? I fancy fo ; 
+becaufe her countenance fhines like gold, and her 
+fingers are red like rofes ; and 5 Homer defcribes 
+Aurora after that manner. 
+
+M. Your obfervation is very right; it is, as you 
+fay, Aurora, whom the h Greeks call by another 
+
+name : 
+
+
+The place with threats command her to forfake ; 
+
+Then with their hands and feet diflurb the lake ; 
+
+And, leaping with malicious motions, move 
+
+The troubled mud; which, rifing, floats above 5 ! 
+
+c “ Eternura ftagno, dixit, vivatis in iftb ; 
+
+“ Eveniunt optata Dese.’* 
+
+Still, faid fhe, may ye in this water dwell; 
+
+And, as the Goddefs wilh’d, it happ’d. 
+
+f Virg. .ZEneid. 6, Theocr* in Hyla. Apollon. 1 . 1. 
+
+g Hymn, in Vener. h Greece dicitur Ueog undb 
+
+£ous and Heous : Latinis nominatur Aurora, quafi Aurea. Efl: 
+
+enim ut inquit Orpheus in Hymnis, ’AOfitf T traves, itl eft. 
+Nuncia. 
+
+
+
+
+*34 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathen /. - 
+
+: you have named her parents right; vet 
+5 Tome fay, that £he was the daughter of Hyperion 
+and Thia, or elfe Pallas, from whom the poets alfo 
+called her PaUasitias. > 
+
+j P, Does liiflory relate nothing done hy her ? 
+M Yes ; k hie by force carried two beautiful 
+young men, Cephalus and Tithonus, into heaven, 
+Cephalas married Procris, the daughter of the 
+king of Athens. When Aurora could by no per. 
+fuaiion move him to violate his marriage-vow, ih e 
+carried him into heaven; but even there file could 
+not lliake his conftancy: therefore file fent him 
+again to his v/ife Procris, difguifed in the habit of 
+a merchant; who, being defirous to try her fidelity 
+to her abfent hufband, tempted her, witli much 
+courtfhip and many prefents, to yield to bis clefires; 
+and when flic almoft confcnted, he cad off his dif- 
+guife, and chid his wife for her inconftancy. She 
+was greatly afhamed, and hid herfelf ; in the woods; 
+but afterwards-was reconciled to her hufband, and 
+gave him an arrow, which never miffed the mark, 
+which flic had received from Minoc. When Co 
+phalus had tliis arrow, he fpent his whole time in 
+hunting and purfuing wild heads. 1 Procris fuf- 
+pecting that her hufband loved Tome nymphs, went 
+before and lay in a bnfh, to diicover the truth; but 
+when fhe moved carelefsly in thehufh, her lmibaud 
+heard the ruffling, - and thinking that fome wild 
+be all was there, drew his bow, ancLfhot his wife 
+with his unerring arrow. 
+
+Tithonus was the fon of Lacmedon, and-brother 
+of Priamus : ra Aurora, for his lingular beauty, car¬ 
+ried him up to heaven, and married him ; and in- 
+fiead of a portion, obtained from the Fates immor¬ 
+tality for him ; and fhe had Memnon by him ; hut 
+fhe forgot to afk * the Fates to grant him perpetual 
+
+youth; 
+
+
+i Hofiod* in Theogon. k Ovid. Metam. 7 . Paufan. 
+
+in .Lacoa* 1 Ovid. Metam*-7* • ja Hoxatius, 
+
+
+
+Heathen. 
+
+
+**r- 
+
+
+jouth; fo that he became fo old and decrepid, that ? 
+like an infant, lie was rocked to deep in a cradle* 
+Hereupon he grew weary of life ; and wifhing for 
+death, a/ked Aurora to grant him power to die. 
+She faid that it was not in her power to grant it ; 
+but that fhe would do what Ike could ; n and there¬ 
+fore turned her hufhand into a gralbopper, which 
+they fay moults when it is old, and grows young 
+again. - 
+
+P. And what became of Memaon ? 
+
+M. Memnon went to Troy, to affift king Priam; 
+where, in a duel with AchiNes, he was killed; ° 
+and in the place where he fell, a fountain arofe, 
+which every year,. on the fame day in which hb 
+died, fends forth blood inftead of water. But as 
+his body lay upon the funeral-pile to be burnt* it 
+was changed into a bird by his mother Aurora’s 
+interceffion; and many other birds of the fame kind 
+dew out of the pile with him, which, from hi 
+name, were called Aves Menmonue ; thefe dividing 
+them delves into two troops, and furioufly fighting 
+with their beaks and claws, with their own blood ' 
+appended the ghoft of Memnon, from whom they 
+
+iprung. J 
+
+There was a flatue of this Memnon made of ‘ 
+black marble, and fet up in the temple of Serapis 
+at Thebes, in Egypt, of which p they relate an in¬ 
+credible ftory: for it is .faid, that the mouth of this, 
+flatue, when firft touched by the rays of the rifin°\ 
+fun, font forth a fweet and -harmonious found, as 
+though it rejoiced when its mother Aurora came 
+but at the fetting of the Sun, it fent forth a low 
+
+melancholy tone, as though it lamented its mo. 
+tber’s departure. 
+
+And thus I have told you, Palceophilus, all things 
+
+which 
+
+
+s 
+
+
+in Pi^ V r d ’ 9 * o Ovid. Metam. 13. 
+
+® PWofopb. raises, Chil. 6 . 
+
+
+p JLucian* 
+
+
+
+1 3 6 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+
+which a I thouglit ufeful concerning the cek-fthj 
+Gods and GoddelTes. 
+
+P. How much am I indebted to you for tin? 
+my xnofi kind friend ? But what now? Are you 
+going away ? Will you not keep your word ? Dij 
+you not promife to explain all the images in the 
+fabulous Pantheon ? 
+
+M. Never trouble yourfelf; what I undertake 
+I will furely perform. But would you have us 
+flay here all day without our dinner ? Let us dine, 
+and we will foon return again to our buiinefs. 
+Come, you flin.ll dine with me in my houfe. 
+
+P. Lxcufe me. Sir ; I will not give you that 
+trouble, I had rather dine at my o wn inn. 
+
+M. What do you talk of trouble ? I know no 
+perfon whofe company is more obliging and grate¬ 
+ful. Let us go, 1 fay : you are not your o*f. 
+xnaltcr to-day. Obey then. 
+
+Pv 1 do lo ;—I wait upon you. 
+
+
+PART 
+
+
+
+I 
+
+
+Date X\ 
+
+
+
+Ql 
+
+
+
+
+% 
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+
+
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+
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+
+
+
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+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
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+
+
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+
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+
+
+
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+
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+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
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+
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+
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+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+PART 
+
+
+II. 
+
+
+Of the Terrestrial Deities. 
+
+
+CHAP. I. 
+
+
+!ect. I. Saturn. 
+
+
+His Image , Family, and Ac¬ 
+tions. 
+
+
+\ Ik TOW certainly, fince we have dined fo 
+
+well, you will fpeak and I fiiall mind 
+:tter. Come on : Whereabouts will you have me 
+10k? 
+
+M . Look at the wall on the right : upon that 
+all, which is the fecond part of the Pantheon, as 
+dl as of our difcourfe, .you fee the Ter reft rial 
+eit.ies divided into two forts ; for fame of them 
+habit both the cities and the fields indifferently, 
+md are called in general a the terrejlrial Gods ; 
+>ut the others live only in the countries and the 
+r oods, and are properly called b the Gods of the 
+mdsm We will begin with the firft* 
+
+Of the terrejlrial Gods (which are fo called be- 
+•aufe their habitation is in the earth), the moll ce¬ 
+lebrated are Saturn, • Janus, Vulcan, .iEclus, and 
+domus. The terreftrial Goddefles are Vefta, Cy- 
+iele, Ceres, the Mufes, and Themis; they are equal 
+number to the celeftial Gods and Goddeftes. 
+
+We 
+
+
+f Tcrreflrcs urbes & campos promifcuc incolunt. 
+
+■ h:i autem fylveftres rure tantum, et in fylvis dcgunt. 
+
+
+
+
+
+*38 
+
+
+Of the Gods Jo the Heathens. 
+
+
+whofi 
+
+
+We will begin with the eldeft, Saturn, 
+image you fee there.- 
+
+P . Is that decrepid wrinkled old man c Saturn 
+with a long beard and a hoary head ? His lb oulder* 
+are bowed like an arch, and his jaws are hollow 
+and thin 5 his eyes are full of corruption, and his 
+cheeks funk, his nofe flat, his forehead full of fur. 
+rows, his chin turning up, his lips black and blue, 
+his little ears flagging, and his hands crooked; 1 
+his right hand holds a rufly fey the, and his left 
+hand a child which he is about to devour. 
+
+M. It is indeed Saturn, the fon of Terra (0: 
+Vefta) and Coelum, c Ccelus, or Ccelius, f whowi 
+the fon of idither and Dies, and the oldeft 0] 
+all the Gods.. This Coelum (according to theflorj’ 
+married his own daughter Vefla, and begat manj 
+children of her, the mofl eminent of which m\ 
+Saturn, whofe brothers were the Cyclops, C'cc: 
+nus, Titan, s the hundr6d-handed giants, and di, 
+vers others ; his lifters were Ceres, Tethys, andO] 
+or Rhea (whom he afterwards married). Thef’fi 
+ters perfuaded their mother Vefla to exclude Tit 
+or Titanus the eldefl fon, and to appoint Saturn hai| 
+of his father’s kingdom. When Titan faw thefts 
+refolution of his mother and lifters, he would no 
+ftrive againft the ftream, .but voluntarily quitte. 
+his right, and transferred it upon Saturn, unde 
+condition that he fhould not bring up any mal 
+children, that fo, after Saturn’s death, the king 
+dom might return to the children of Titan. 
+
+P. Did Saturn accept that condition ?• 
+ikT. He not only accepted, but fmcerely kepti 
+whilft he could 5 but at laft his deligu was prevent 
+ed : for when his wife Ops perceived that her hm 
+
+hand devoured all her male children,. when i 
+
+broil*! 
+
+
+c VIrg. JEncid. 7 . 
+e Grace dicitur a^tx.vo;. 
+
+Placid. in Thebaid. 1. 6 
+
+
+d Martian, apnd I/dlium. G yr; 
+f Nonn. lib. 21, Diouyf U 
+g- Centimani, 
+
+
+
+Qj the Gods qf the Heathens, s 59 
+
+brought forth the twins Jupiter and Juno, ihe fent 
+only Juno to him, but fent Jupiter to be nurfed in 
+mount Ida, by the priefteffes of Cybele, who were 
+called Curetes , or Coryha?itcs, It was their cuftom 
+to beat drums and cymbals while the facrilices were 
+oflered up \ and the noife of them hindred Saturn 
+from hearing the cries of Jupiter. By the fame 
+trick ihe alfo faved Neptune and Pluto from her 
+devouring hufband. 
+
+P, Was this artifice ever difeovered to Saturn ? 
+M, Yes ; and he demanded the boy of Ops ; but 
+Ops wrapped up a ftone in fwaddling-cloaths, and 
+delivered that to her hufband,. to be devoured in- 
+ftcad of Jupiter ; and Saturn fw alio wed it down in 
+a moment. 
+
+P. What did Titan do when he faw himfelf 
+cheated, and the agreement broken ? 
+
+M, To revenge the injury done to him. he raif- 
+ed forces and brought them againfl Saturn ; and 
+making both him and Rhea prisoners, he. bound 
+them, and fhut them up together in h hell, where 
+they lay, till Jupiter a few years after overcame the 
+Titans, and fet his father and mother.again at liberty „ 
+P. I fuppofe that Saturn remembered this kind- 
+nefs, and favoured Jupiter afterwards. 
+
+M On the contrary, he flrove to take away his 
+life; i becaufe he heard by an oracle that he fbould 
+be driven out of- his kingdom by a fon, as in reali¬ 
+ty he was afterwards : for Jupiter depofed him from 
+the throne, and expelled him. from the kingdom, 
+becaufe he had confpired to take away his life. 
+k Eelides this, when he found Saturn, almoft drunk, 
+with mead, he bound him and gelt him, as Saturn 
+had gelt his father Coelum before with, his fickle. 
+
+P. And' 
+
+
+h In Tartaro. i -Enn, in Euemero.* 
+
+-heb. 8 , Claud, .fie raptu Proferpinx... 
+
+
+
+
+140 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+P - And whither did Saturn go after he had loft 
+his kingdom ? 
+
+M. Into Italy, 1 II which was anciently called -SYu 
+turaia from him. He lived there with King T-_ 
+
+O 
+
+nas ; and that part of Italy in which he lay hhf, 
+was afterwards called Latium, and the people Ir- 
+tin}, as m Ovid obferves. King Janus made Saturn 
+partner of his kingdom : upon which n Saturn re¬ 
+duced the wild people (who wandered up and down 
+before like beads ) to civil fociety, and joined them 
+to each other, as it were, in chains of brafs, that 
+is, by the brafs money which he invented : and 
+therefore on one fide of the money was damped 
+iliip, 0 bccaufe Saturn came thither in a Iliip; and 
+on the other fide was /lamped a Janus Bifrons. But 
+although tlic money was brafs, p }'et this was the 
+golden age in which Saturn lived, when (as q the 
+poets, who magnify the happinefs of that age, 
+would per/uade us) the earth, without the labour 
+of ploughing and fowing, brought forth its fruits, 
+and all things were common to all ; there were no 
+differences nor contentions among any, for every 
+thing happened according to every body’s mind, 
+r Virgil hath given an elegant defeription of this 
+
+happy 
+
+
+n 
+
+1- 
+
+
+I V,‘rr. JEn. T. Cyprian, de Idolorum Vanitate. 
+m “ lade efiu genti 111 an At Saturnia 11 omen ; 
+
+II Dicla ftu’t l.atium terra, latente Deo.” Fail. 1 . 1 . 
+
+'Fhc name Salurnia thence this laud did bear. 
+
+And Lutiatn too, becanfe he Iheltcr’d here. 
+
+T) Diodor. Eibliorh. 1 . 5. 
+
+o “ At bona poftcritas puppim dgnavit in sere, 
+
+<c Hofpitis advenrum tciiineata Dei.” Ovid. Fad. I. 3* 
+
+A Ihip by the ioliowing- age was damp’d on coin. 
+
+To iliovv they once a God did entertain. 
+
+p Virg-. Georg. 1. q Vide TibuII Hedod. Pherecraf. 
+
+Trog. apud Judin. 1 . 41. Martial. 1 . 32. Kpig. 75. 
+r ** Primus ab jetluroo venit Saturnus Olympo, 
+
+Anna Jovis fugiens, ct regnis exul adenyptis. 
+
+4i l£ genus indocile acdilperfum montibus ultis 
+
+
+** Com- 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+happy age 3 * n ^ ie 8th Book of his Jli nc-ids. 
+like wife describes it 3 and 1 Virgil again in 
+
+
+141 
+
+s Ovid 
+another 
+
+
+place. 
+
+
+Sect. IT. 2 s times of Saturn • 
+
+
+ANYderivethe name Satin'mis (or Saturn n r 
+JLVJL as they anciently pronounced it) u from low- 
+ing, bccaufe he firil taught the art of fowimr and 
+tilling the ground m Italy ; and therefore he was 
+ellecmcd the God of hufbandry, and called by the 
+Romans Sterculius, bccaufe he firfl fattened the 
+cprth with dung : he is therefore painted with a 
+fickle, with which the meadows arc mowed and die 
+corn is cut down. This fickle was thrown into Sici¬ 
+ly and there fell within a city which was formerly 
+called *£repatW 77 i 9 and knee < Trcpano > from v thence; 
+
+ts name 
+V ulcan, 
+
+and gave the Titans when Are taught them to mow. 
+
+But 
+
+
+l * - 
+
+though others affirm, that this city had it 
+x from tliat fickle which Ceres had from ' 
+
+
+C( 
+
+a 
+
+
+Compofuit, lcgefque dedit. I.atiumquc vocari 
+
+A-laluit, his quoniam latuijfTct tutus in oris : 
+
+“ Aureaque, ut perhibent, illo fub rege fuere 
+
+“ S.-ucula, fie placido populos in pace regebur.** 
+
+Then Saturn came, who lied the pow’rs of Jove, 
+
+Hohb’d of his realms and banifh’d from above : 
+
+The nan difpers’d on hills to tov.n he brought, 
+
+'Ihe law r s ordain’d, and civil cufloms taught; 
+
+And I .all ut;i call’d the land, where laft he lay 
+
+From hip undutcous fon, and Ills ufurping fway ; 
+
+With his mild empire peace and pier ty came ; 
+
+And hence the gulden times deriv’d their name. 
+
+5 Signabat nullo limitc feflbr ht>nu’.m.” 
+
+The clclver made nor bound, nor balk. 
+
+t “ Nec fignare quidem aut partiri limitc campum 
+
+“ Fas cm.’* V 
+
+No fences parted fields, no marks, nor bounds, 
+
+Diftinguiih’d acres of litigious grounds.’* 
+
+v Saturuus didtus eft a. Salu y ficut a Petin Portunus, & a JVebtu 
+N'.ptuiius. Feftus, Servius in AEneid. 7. Lipf. Saturnal. 3 . 
+
+J * a J* GrsecS dkitar Agerntw, Apoiloda. 4. Argon. 
+
+
+Amor. I. 
+
+
+Georg. 1. 8 
+
+
+
+f 
+
+
+242 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+But others fay, the town had its name becaufe fi 
+was crooked and hollow like a fekle. Indeed, Si¬ 
+cily is fo fruitful in corn and paflure, that the poets 
+jufUy imagined that the fickle was kept there. 
+
+2. Again, Saturnus is derived from that y fulnefs 
+which is the efFedf of his bounty when he fills the 
+bellies of the people with provifions ; as his wife 
+was called Ops , z becaufe Jhe helps the hungry. 0 . 
+thers affirm that he is called Saturn , a becaufe he 
+is fatisfed with the years that he devours ; for Sa¬ 
+turn and time are the fame. 
+
+3. Laftly, others think that this name is given 
+him, becaufe he is b the for?ner of the 7 nind ; be- 
+caufe he creates fenfe and underllanding in the 
+minds of men, and perfects them with precepts 
+and prudence. 
+
+
+Sect. III. ‘The Sacrifices cmd Fefivals . Satiirjialia, 
+
+M EN only were facrificed to Saturn, becaufe 
+
+he was delighted, as they thought, with 
+human blood; wherefore the gladiators were plac¬ 
+ed under his protedlion, and fought at his feafls, 
+c The Romans efieemed him an infernal God, as 
+Plutarch fays, becaufe the planet Saturn is malig¬ 
+nant and hurtful ; yet he is commonly reckoned a 
+terreftrial God. Thofe who facrificed to him had 
+their heads bare, and his priefts wore fcarlet gar¬ 
+ments. On his altars were placed wax tapers light¬ 
+ed, becaufe by Saturn men were reduced from the 
+darknefs of error to the light of truth. 
+
+The feafts d Saturnalia, in.the Greek language 
+
+
+y A faturando, quafi faturet populos annona. ' 2 Quod 
+
+Hfurientibus opem ferat. a Quod ipfe fatureiur 
+
+annis quos ipfe devorat. Cic. de Nat. Deor. 2. b ^a- 
+
+turnus quafi fator you, id eft, qui men tern, fenfumque creat. Ap- 
+pollophan, apud Fulgent. c Macrob. SaturnaJ. 1. 
+
+c. 10. Tertull. de Teitunon, Acini. & de-Pallio, -d 
+
+Halicam. !.3. 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 143 
+
+[ Cronia ], were inflituted either by Tullus 
+king of the Romans, or, if we believe Xivy, by 
+Sempronius and Minutius the confuls. e Till the 
+time of Julius Gsefar they were fmifhed in one day, 
+on the nineteenth of December ; but then they be- 
+g, m to be celebrated in three days, and afterwards 
+■ m f 0U r or five, by the order of Caligula: and fome 
+write, that they have lafted feven days : and from 
+hence they called tliefe days f the firfl, the fecond\ 
+and the third fejlivals of Saturn , &c. And when 
+thefe days were added to the feaft, the fir ft day of 
+celebrating it was the feventeenth of December. 
+
+Upon s thefe feftival days, 1. The fenate did 
+not fit. a. The fchools kept holiday. 3. Prefents 
+were fent to and fro amongft friends. 4. It was un¬ 
+lawful to proclaim war, or execute any offenders * 
+5, Servants were allowed to be jocofe and merry 
+towards their mafters ; as we learn from h Aufo- 
+nius. 6. Nay, the mafters waited on the fer- 
+vants, who fat at table, in memory of that liberty 
+which all enjoyed in ancient times in Saturn’s 
+reign, where there was no fervitude. 7. Con¬ 
+trary to the cuflom, i they wafhed them- as foon 
+as they arofe, as if they were about fitting down 
+to table. 8. And laftly, k they put on a certain 
+feftival garment, called fyjithefs , like a cloak of 
+purple or fcarlet colour 5 and this gentlemen only 
+wore. 
+
+Sect. 
+
+
+c I.ipf. Sat. 1. Dion. J. 59. & 60. Suet, in Calig. Cic. ad 
+Attic.. 13. Epift. 50. f Prima, fecunda, tertia. 
+
+Saturnalia. g Martial. 7. Epigr. -27. Plin. 8* Epig. ?• 
+
+Mart, paflim. Dio. I. 50. Athen. 14. Sen. Ep. 
+
+. h “ Aurea mine revocet Saturni fefta December : 
+
+“ Nunc tibi cum domino ludere, verna, licet.” Eel. de Men* 
+December now brings Saturn’s merry feafts, 
+
+When mafters bear their fportive fervants jefts. 
+
+i Tertul. apudbipf. k Petron Arbiter. 
+
+
+144 Of ^ je Go Us of the Heathens . 
+
+Sect. IV. 'The Hzjlorical Senfe of the Fable . Bv 
+
+Saturn is meant Ho ah . 
+
+A LTHOUGPI it is generally fa id that 1 Saturn 
+
+was Nimrod, the founder of the empire <h 
+Babylon, yet I am more inclined to believe die 
+opinion of m Bochartus, who maintains that Saturn 
+and Noah were the fume. Thefe reafons which 
+he brings feem perfuafive. 
+
+i. In the time of Noah n the whole earth fpake 
+one language ; and the ancient mythologies fay, 
+that the beaits underflood tliis language. And it 
+is faid, ° that in Saturn’s age there was but one lan¬ 
+guage, which was common to men and brutes. 
+
+2. Noah is called in the Hebrew language, p a 
+man of the earth ; that is, an hujhcmchnan , accord¬ 
+ing to the ufual phrafe of Scriptnre, which calls a 
+foldier q a man of war j a flrong man, r a man of 
+the arms ; a murderer, s a man of blood ; an ora¬ 
+tor, t a mail of words ; and a fheplierd, u a man of 
+cattle . Now Saturn is juflly called a /nan of the 
+earth , becaufe he married Tcllus, whofe other 
+names were Rhea and Ops. 
+
+3. As Noah was the firfl planter of vineyards, 
+fo the x art of cultivating vines and fields is attri¬ 
+buted to Saturn’s invention. 
+
+4. As Noah was once overcome with wine, be¬ 
+caufe perhaps he never experienced the Hrengtb of 
+it before, y fo the Saturnalians did frequently drink 
+excellively, bccaufe Saturn protected drunken men. 
+
+c. As 
+
+
+1 fiort>fus, 1. 3. 
+c. 1. 3. Gcnefis xi. 
+
+/ terrre, Gcnefis ix. -2,0. 
+r Vir Brachiorum. 
+
+11 Gen. xlvi. 33. 
+RomaiKc, 
+
+Ep. Sat. 
+
+
+m Bochart. in fuo Phalcg. 1 . r. 
+n PJato in Politicise o Vir 
+
+p Jofil v. 4. q Job xxii. 8 . 
+
+s 2 Sam. xvi. 17. t Exod. x. 
+
+x AureJ. Victor de Origine Genus 
+y Mu-crob. Saturnal. I. c. 6. JLuciau. ifl 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens • 14 j 
+
+5. As Noah curfed his fon Ham, he c an fe he fa tv 
+his father’s nakednefs with delight \ y Saturn made 
+a law, that v/hofoever faw the Gods naked fhould 
+be punifbed. 
+
+6. Plato-fays, 2 that Saturn and his wife Rhea , and 
+thofi with them , were horn of Ocean us and 'Thetis : 
+and thus Noah, and all that were with him, were, 
+in a manner, new-born out of the waters of the de- 
+luge by the help of the ark. And if a fliip was 
+damped upon the ancient coins a becaufe Saturn 
+came into Italy in a fhip, furely this honour be¬ 
+longed rather to Noah, who in a Ihip preferved 
+the race of mankind from titter defiruclion. 
+
+7. Did Noah foretel the coming of the flood? fo 
+did Saturn foretell b that there fhould be great 
+quantities of rain, and an ark built, in which men, 
+birds, and creeping things, fliculd all fail together. 
+
+8. Saturn is fetid to have devoured all his fons 
+but thefe three, Jupiter, Neptune, and Pluto. So 
+Noah, the pallor and prophet, and as it were, the 
+father of all mortals, may be laid to have condemn¬ 
+ed and ddtroyed all men 5 c becaufe he foretold 
+that they would be dell toyed in the flood. For, in 
+the Scripture-phrafe, the prophets are laid to do 
+the thing which they foretel Jhall he done hereafter . 
+
+J bus when the d prophet fays, TV he71 1 cojne to de~ 
+n ray the city , he means, TV hen J come to foretel that 
+the cityJh Quid he defrayed . But as Saturn had three 
+fons left to him. not devoured, -fo Noah had three ^ 
+
+
+G 
+
+
+Sem, 
+
+
+y Callimachus in Hymn. z Kpovoc xca 'Via. otrat feirce. •mmy* 
+
+y - hi eft, Satumu5-& Rhea et qui cum iilis fuere ex Oceu.no St 
+'ii.t-tide rati perhibentur. Plato, in Timx*c. 
+
+z 1 ’h‘tarch. in 'V&fuuxois. Kfsjyog -srposnftatvuv uric Qui 
+fyny, dec. id eft, Saturnus prsenunciai magnam imbrium vim iu- 
+W am,.& fabricandara efle arcam, & in ea cum voJucribus, leo- 
+^•ous, atque jumentis efle navigandum. 
+h Alex. Polyphift. aptid Cyril, contra Julian. 1 . 1. 
+c Hebrews xt. 7. d JEzek. xliii. 2. 
+
+
+146 Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+Sem, Cham, and Japhet, who were not defir oyed 
+in the flood. 
+
+Furthermore, thefe reafons may perfuade us 
+that Noah’s fon Cham is Jupiter : 1. His Hebrew 
+name Ha 7 /i is by many called Cham ; from whence 
+it is plain the Egyptians had the name a 
+[ \A?noun ,*] and the Africans, Jl? 7 imo?i or Hamm on. 
+2. Cham was the youngefl fon of Noah, as Jupiter 
+was of Saturn. 3. Jupiter is feigned to be G Lord 
+of the heavens ; thus Cham had Africa, which 
+country is efleemed nearer the heavens than other 
+countries, becaufe it has the planets vertical. 
+4. Jupiter gelded his father ; which ftory Teems 
+to be taken from the twenty-fecond verfe of the 
+ninth chapter of Genefls; where it is written, And 
+Ham fcivo the 7 iakednefs of his father, and told , or, 
+a 7 id c?/t off'; f for fo it might, by miflakc, be 
+read in the Hebrew tongue, by altering only one 
+or two vowels. 
+
+Japhet is the fame with Neptune ; s for as Nep¬ 
+tune had the command of the fea, fo the illancls 
+and pcninfulas fell chiefly to Japhet’s lot. 
+
+But how fhall we prove that Sem v/as Pluto? 
+What carried him into hell ? Not his piety and 
+holinefs, by which he excelled his brothers, and 
+glorified his own name ; but perhaps becaufe he 
+was fo holy, and fo great an enemy to idolatry, 
+that the idolaters hated him whilfl he lived, aid 
+endeavoured to blacken his memory when lie died, 
+by fending him to the Stygian darknefs, and put¬ 
+ting into his hand the lceptrc of hell. 
+
+SliCT. 
+
+
+e Callimach. Hymn, ad Jovcm. Lucan. 2. 9. 
+f Et nunciavit, vajagged, pro quo facile le*i potuit vajagcod, 
+id eft, abfeidit ; turn maxime cunr vocalia pumfla nulladum crat 
+fubicripta confonantibus. 
+
+g Laclantius tie ialfa Religione, 1 . 1. c. r. 
+
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+Of the Gods of the Heathens, 
+
+
+147 
+
+
+Sl'CT. V. Hphilofophical Sc?ife of the Fable, 
+
+turn-, 1'inie, 
+
+
+Sa - 
+
+
+rf^HE Greek h words fignifying Satur/i and Time 
+
+J[_ differ only in one letter ; from whence it is 
+plain, that by Saturn, Time may be meant. And 
+on this account 1 Saturn is painted devouring his 
+children, and vomiting them up again : as indeed 
+Time devours and confumes all things which.it has 
+produced : which at length revive again, and are 
+as it were renewed. 
+
+Or elfe, Days, Months, and Years, are the 
+children of Time, which he conflantly devours and 
+produces a-new. 
+
+Sometimes he is painted in the midft of 
+nvo young boys and two girls 5 and Time is fur- 
+rounded by the different feafons of the year, as pa¬ 
+rents are by their children. 
+
+Laftly, as Saturn has his fey the, fo has Time 
+too, with which he mows down all things; neither 
+can the hardefl adamant witliftand its edge. 
+
+
+CHAP. II. 
+
+
+Sect. I. Janus. His Image. 
+
+
+P. f~'\ Strange ! What is this ? An image 
+
+\ with two faces and only one head ? 
+
+M. It is fo ; and by thole faces he fees the things 
+placed both before and behind him. It is Janus, 
+the k two-faced God ; holding a key in his li^ht- 
+hand, and a rod in Iris left. Beneath his feet ycu 
+fee twelve altars. If he could lay afide that rod 
+
+G 2 and 
+
+
+What is this ? 
+
+
+An imase 
+
+O 
+
+
+1 
+
+
+1 ? 
+
+
+h K oovo;, Sr tun;us, XF cyes * Ttmpus, i Cicero. 
+
+t0i '- Urph. in Hymn, act Saturn. Jiifchyl. in Eumen 
+h Citrous X)cus, Ovid. 
+
+
+de Nut. 
+
+
+I 4'3 Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+and key, perhaps, according to his cuftom, lie 
+would exprefs to you the number three hundred 
+with one hand, and the number fix ty-five by the 
+other ; by differently moving, bending, and weav¬ 
+ing his fingers. 
+
+o o 
+
+P. I do not thoroughly underfiand your mean¬ 
+ing- 
+
+I\f. Yon will prefently clearly and perfectly un¬ 
+derhand both what I fay, and what you fee with 
+your eyes. Stay a little till I explain the four 
+moft remarkable names of this God ; for in fo do¬ 
+ing I lha.ll not only explain this picture, but alfo 
+tell you whatever things are neceffary concerning 
+Janus in this place. 
+
+
+Si'CT. IT. Names and Actions of fanus 
+
+
+s 
+
+
+giv 
+
+
+from.n word fignifying to go or pafs through. From 
+whence it is faid, that n thoroughfares are called 
+in the plural number, fani ; and the gates before 
+the doors of private houfes, fanuce - A place at 
+Home was called fa?ii, ° where there were three 
+images of Janus. In this jplace ufurers and credi¬ 
+tors always met to pay and receive money. And 
+this place is mentioned both by p Tully and n Ho¬ 
+race . 
+
+As lie is painted with two faces, fo he is called 
+by Virgil r . Efrons , and by Ovid s Biceps ; bccaufc 
+
+
+1 Atnob. cont. Gentes m Janus quafi Eanus ab euncio. 
+
+n Unde fir, ut tranfitiones pervias Jam (plurali numcro), fonf- 
+quc in liminibus profanaium cedium Jamue diccrer.tur. Cic. a.dc 
+Nat. Djor. 3 . o Acron. in Horat. 1- 2 . Sal 8 . 
+
+p Viri optimi ad medium Janum iedentes. Cicero, de Ofiic. 
+a. Dcmpfter. in Faralip. q Imus Sc fummus Januf- 
+
+Kont. 1. ep. 1 . r Virg. -iEneid. ic. 
+
+. “ Jane Biceps anni tacite iabentis imago, 
+
+u £oius dc fuperis, qui tua tergu vidcs.” 
+
+*1* i-Ojr 
+
+
+Of the Gals of the Heather . f . 
+
+faw 
+
+
+he 
+
+
+
+1 A') 
+
+ah 
+
+the 
+
+Or 
+
+el fe 
+
+L tO 
+
+be 
+
+vine 
+
+ipal 
+
+
+/». 
+v-f - " 
+
+
+fo great was his prudence, that 
+thing's pa ft and thofe which were future, 
+hscauf- by Janus the world was though 
+meant, viewing with its two faces the p 
+quarters of it, the eaft and weft. Pie is 
+feribed c with four faces, from the four quarters or 
+the world, becaufe he governs them by his courfcl 
+and authority : or becaufe, 'as he is Lord of the 
+day, with his two faces he obferves both the morn¬ 
+ing and the evening ; as u .Horace fays. 
+
+When Romulus kiacr of the Romans msd 
+
+
+L v 
+
+
+league with Tatius kina: of the Sabines, they let un 
+
+O O ' v x 
+
+an image of Janus Bifrons, intending thereby to re- 
+prefent both v nations between which the peace 
+was concluded ; Naraa afterwards built a temple? 
+which had double doors, and dedicated it to that 
+fame Janus. When Falifci, a city of Hetruria, was 
+taken, x there was an image of Janus found with 
+four faces ; whereupon the temple of Janus had 
+four gates. But of that temple we fhall fpcak by 
+and bye. 
+
+Re was called furn-ley ^ or Click-bearer \Clavir* 
+gtrl, from the rod and keys in his hands. He 
+held the rod, bccaufe he was the y guardian of the 
+ways ; and the key, for thefe reafons : 
+
+i. He was the inventor of locks, doors, and 
+gates, which are cz.lledjar/ua’, after his name ; and 
+
+G 3 him- 
+
+
+Thott double pate, the Aiding year dofr {hew ; 
+
+'I he only God that thine own back can view. 
+t Quadrifrous. 
+
+13 “ Ma*utine pater, feu Juno, libentior audis, 
+
+“ Unde homines operum primes vitzeque labores 
+“ h'/tituent.**- 
+
+Janes, if you pleafe, grave two-fac’d father. 
+
+Or c]jl: blight God o’ the morning, chonfe you w 
+••q dai it the lives and toils of mortal men. 
+v ~fhcciuut fiimilacrum Jani Bifrotitis quad gd imagincm, cud- 
+l3 -'popjJorinu. Servhi*. in ./Enetd. 12. x Capris FalifcU ir.- 
+’■iMum c it fimuiacrum J.’.ni Quadrifontis. Serving in 7. ^ifncid. 
+
+> H.c<flci viarum. .1 :J. Gvr, 
+
+
+hether. 
+
+
+
+I 5 ° 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+
+himfelf is called z fault or y becaufe doors were un. 
+der his protection. 
+
+2. He is the Janitor of the year, and of j-1] the 
+months ; the firft of which takes the name of f 
+unary from him. To Juno belong the kalentk o 
+the months, and fhe committed them to his cmc 
+wherefore he is called by fome fwionius: and a kke: 
+tial takes notice, that the government of the yea 
+was committed to him ; for which reafon b tv/rh 
+altars were dedicated to him, according to th, 
+number of the months, as there were alfo twc!v> 
+lmali chapels in his temple. c The confuls were 
+among the Romans, inaugurated in the temple c. 
+Janus ; who were from thcncc faid d to open iL 
+year . Upon the kalends of January (and, as Ik- 
+crob ins fays, on the kalends of March,J, a r.cv. 
+laurel was hung upon the ftatue of Janus, and th 
+old laurel taken away ; of which cuilorn. e OvJ 
+Tnakcs mention. 
+
+P. Was this done becaufe he was the inventor 
+of laurel garlands. 
+
+jSI. Pliny did not think fo, but believed this caftcm 
+was cccaiioned becaufe Janus rules over the 3-car: 
+f fhe Jlatzie, fays he, of fauns, which was de die aid 
+
+
+
+z Grtcce Gazettes. 
+
+
+a *• Anncruro, nltidiquefator rulclierrlmc xnv.-du” 
+
+Gay founder of the world, and .>f onr years. Mart. 1 . IC. Tp 
+b Var. lib. Human, bidon. Apcllin. Carin. 7. 1 bat. c. 12. 
+c Sidon. ibid. d Ayicrire annum. Vide l.exicog. 
+
+e “ X.aurca f! iminibu°, qua: ti.to perftitit anno, 
+u Tollittir, & frondcs fum in honore novae.’* Faft.h 
+
+The laurel that the former year did grace, 
+
+T* a froth and verdant garland yields his place, 
+f Qu od Janus Geminus a Nunia Rege c icatus digitis ita h" 
+ratis ut trecentorum quinquaginta qninque (fexag inta quinque,;. 
+legunt) durum nota, per figniiicationem anni, temporis rcvi. 1' 
+Deum indicarct. Plimus. Vide etiam Athen. 1 . 34. c. 7. & I* 
+
+' Gyr. 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 151 
+
+hy Numa, had its fingers fo co???pofcd as to fignifiy 
+the number ofi three hundred fix ty-five days ; tojhenx) 
+ihut Janus ivas a God } by his knowledge ofi the yea?' 
+and time , and ages. s He had not thefe figures def- 
+crib'wd on his hand, but had a peculiar way of 
+numbering them, by bending, ft retching, or mix¬ 
+ing his fingers ; of which numeration many are 
+the opinions of authors. 
+
+3. He holds a key in his hand, becaufe he is, as it 
+were, the h door through which the prayers of man¬ 
+kind have accefs to the Gods. For in all the facri¬ 
+fle es, prayers were firft offered up to Janus. And 
+Janus himfelf gives the fame realbn, 1 as wc find 
+in Ovid, why before men facrificcd to any of the 
+other Gods, they firft offered facrifice to him. But 
+Fed:us gives another reafon why prayers and fz- 
+crifices were in the firft place offered to Janus: vi*z. 
+becaufe men thought that all things took their be¬ 
+ing from Janus, therefore they firft made their fup- 
+plications tohim as to a common father. For though 
+the name k fiatleer is given to all the Gods, yet 
+Janus was particularly called by this name. He 
+firft built temples and altars, J and inftituted reli¬ 
+gious rites j. and m for that reafon among others , 
+
+G 4 in 
+
+
+g Tiraq. Lil. Gyr. Apulcii 2. Ape]. < 5 cc. 
+h Arr.ob. contra Gcntes. 
+
+j- ~ £; Cur quemvis aliornm numina placem, 
+
+u Jane, tibi primum thura mcrumqwe fero ? 
+
+“ Ut pmTis aditum per me, qui limina fervo, 
+
+Ad quofeunque voles, inquit, habere Deos.” Faf:. 1 , 2 . 
+Why is*t that, though I other Gods adore, 
+
+I firft in 11 ft Janus’ Deity implore ? 
+
+Becaufe I hold the door by which accefs 
+Is had to any God you would acidreis. 
+
+k Quod fuerit omnium primus a quo rerum omnium fadium pu- 
+tabant initium : Ideo ei fupplicabant velut parenti. Feftus, 1 . 3. in 
+verbo Chaos. 1 Virg. TEncid. 8. Juvenal. Sat. 6. Serviu-. 
+
+in 2 Georg. m Proptere aque in omni facri/icio percirfu ^ 
+
+ei prtefatio pnemittJrur, farque illi vk vinum prrshbatur Fab PUi\ 
+f r. de Ant. Pat, 
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods cf the Heathens •. 
+
+
+cr, as 11 Pliny writts, 
+
+
+in all facrifices they begin their rites by o fir is* 
+bread, corn, and n vine , to Janus , before any ihlfi 
+is offered to any othc?~ deity . Frankincenfe waV> 
+never o.Tered to him, though Ovid mentions it; 
+which therefore he infers either by poetical li¬ 
+cence, or only in refpetl to the facrifices vrliidi 
+were in Life in his time. F 
+
+they did tint fieri fee with fra?: ihicenfc in tie 
+fiij.’tes of the frojasis. Neither does Homer in 
+the leall mention frankinccnfc in any place when* 
+he fpeeks of facrifices ; which fo exad an author 
+would never have omitted, if it had been in ufr, 
+Neither do I find a Greek word that properly fig- 
+liilies thus ; for Sv Jy \JTkuon 1, or s v ,cv [ fhuio?i\, fig- 
+nifies net only thus, but any odoriferous fmelL He 
+was alfo called Patricias and Glujlus, or P'atuhiciut 
+and Clujiusy from ° opening and fhutting-; for in 
+the time of war Janus’s temple was open, but (hut 
+in time cf peace. This temple was founded by 
+Romulus and Taiius ; and, as I faid before, Numa 
+ordained that it fhonld be opened when the Ro¬ 
+mans waged war, but lliut when they enjoyed 
+peace. It was open in time of war, becaufe a 
+fpiling of hot water arofa out of the place where 
+this temple Hands, when Roinulus fought with the 
+jSabin.cs, and forced the enemy to march away; 
+therefore in war they opened that temple, hoping 
+for the fame or the like affiflance ; or it may b 
+rather, p becaufe they who go to war ought to 
+think of peace, and v/ilh for a quick, return into 
+their native country. 
+
+Ovid mentions both thefe latter names of Janus 
+
+in 
+
+
+c 
+
+
+i) Iliads tempoiiBus Thure nen fupplicaturn. PJm. I. c. 1 . 
+Vide Deruplt. in Paralip. o A patimdo vel patcfaciei do <>' 
+
+fjaudi’ndo. Scrvhis. in i. ,/Eneid. Claud, de Hon. 6. Conf. 
+
+P iScrv. in ./Eneid 7. 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathejis • 
+
+
+I 
+
+
+53 
+
+• n a n difticli; and Virgil deferibes r the manner and 
+occafion of opening his temple, and alio the s con- 
+Ifequences of ihutting it again. It is remarkable, 
+
+I that within the fpace of feven hundred years this 
+f. temple of Janus was fhut only c thrice: once by 
+
+G 5 Numaj- 
+
+
+
+
+t* 
+
+•fl 
+
+
+r 
+
+\ 
+
+
+it 
+
+
+u 
+
+
+r 
+
+
+a 
+
+
+n “ Nomina ridebis, mode namque Parulcius idem, 
+• Et modo facriftco Ciufius ore vocor.’* 
+
+The prieft this moment me Patulcius calls, and them 
+Next moment me he Ciufius names again, 
+r tC Sunt geminse belli portas (fie nomine dicunt} 
+il Rciigionc fa eras Sc fievi formidine Martis. 
+
+■' Centum asrei claudunt vedtes xternaque ferri 
+Robora ; nee cuftos abfiftit limine Janus. 
+
+Has uhi certa fedet patribus fententia pugnx, 
+
+Ipfc Quirinali trabca cindluqne gabino 
+I: (ignis, refc-rat ftridentia limina conful/* 
+
+Two gates of feed, (the name of Mars they bear. 
+And i'till arc worfliipp’d with religious fear. 
+
+Before his temple ftand ; the dire abode 
+And the fear’d iffues of the furious God, 
+
+Arc fenc’d with brazen bolts; without the gates 
+'i he weary guardian Janus doubly waits. 
+
+Then when the facred fen ate votes the wars, 
+
+'Hie Roman toilful'rheir decree declares. 
+
+And in his robes the founding gates unbars. 
+
+!I Afpera turn pofitis initefeent Ixcula btllrs : 
+
+Cana iidef, & Volta, Remo cum fra’re Quirinus* 
+Jura dabunt : dirx ferro Sc compagibus arcLis 
+Claudcntur belli portae. Furor impius intus, 
+
+Sa;va fudens fnper arma, Sc centum-vindlus ahenia 
+Poft tergum nodis, from it horridus ore crucnto.’* 
+Then dire debate and impious war (ball ceafc. 
+
+And the ftern age-be fofrened into- peace : 
+
+Then banifh’d faith fhall once again return. 
+
+And Veftal fires in hollow temples burn ; 
+
+And Remus with Quirinus fhall fufutin 
+
+The righteous laws, and fraud and force reftrafn, 
+
+janus himfelf before his fane fhalb wait. 
+
+And keep the dreadful ilfuesof his gate 
+"With bolts and iron bars. Withiirremains 
+ImpnTon'd.Fury, bound in brazen chains; 
+
+High on a trophy rais’d of ufelefs arms 
+
+He fits, and threats the world with vr.in alarms, 
+
+bX*iv, J, Orcf. 1 . cap. zx. Pi o r 1 . $ 5 . 
+
+
+a 
+
+
+u 
+
+
+it 
+
+
+u 
+
+
+u 
+
+
+
+
+j 44 Of i ^ e Gods of the Heathens, 
+
+Numr.; the fecond time by the con fills Marcus 
+Attilius, and Titus Manlius, after the Cartha;i. 
+nian war; and, ladly, by Augaftus, after the vie, 
+tory at Aflium. 
+
+Sect. III. Nn Explanation of the Fable. Janus ih: 
+
+emblem of Prudence . 
+
+IN this dory of 11 Janus (whom fome call Noah; 
+
+fome, Ogyges; fome a pried, a pliilofopher, 
+and a divine ; and fome an ancient king of Italy, 
+who was the founder of the town Janiculum'); 
+we may behold the rep re fen tat ion of a verv 
+prudent perfon ; whole wifdom conjijls v in tie r;. 
+nenzbrance of things pqft, and in the fGref ft rf 
+things to conic . The prudent man ought, then- 
+fore, to have, as it were, two faces ; that, accord- 
+ing to his natural fagacity of mind and ripencis of 
+judgment, obferving both things pad and future,! 
+he may be able to difeern the caufes and begin, 
+nings, the progrefs, and, as it were, the forerun- 
+rung accidents of all things : that he may be able 
+to draw likenefles, to make companions, to ob- 
+ferve confequences, and perceive futurities ; and, 
+by a wife connedtion of caufes and events, be able 
+to join things prefent with things to come, and 
+things future with things pad. 
+
+The prudent perfon has the key of all things: 
+nothing is fo obfeure, that his unde rft an ding can¬ 
+not comprehend ; nothing is fo fecret and private, 
+that his condderation and care cannot detedl and 
+lay open ; nothing fo hard and intricate, that his 
+quicknefs and dexterity cannot explain and un¬ 
+fold. With this key he examines all the ways ei 
+budnefs, and finds which are the mod proper 5 k 
+
+
+u JVTunft. Cofm. 2. Fab. 9. PiiSt. v In prastentcru ' 1 
+
+snemcria & provxdentia futtirorum, Tul, de Sene&ute. 
+
+
+n. xm. 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. *S$ 
+
+fees the difpofition of times, and the exigencies of 
+affairs 5 he removes the difficulties and the bars 
+that lie in his way ; he publifhes as much as is ufe- 
+ful, and conceals clofely whatfoever will be hurt¬ 
+ful to him. With this key he lays open for him¬ 
+felf a paffage into the friendfhip of others ; he in- 
+ilnuates himfelf into the inward receffes of their 
+breafts ; he learns their molt fecret counfels, their 
+moil referved thoughts ; he rcfolves mytteries, and 
+penetrates things unknown : and feeks, and finds, 
+and views objects the mo ft remote from the com¬ 
+mon fenfe of the world. 
+
+Janus firtt inftituted altars, temples, and facri- 
+fices. Thus it is a fign of the highcft prudence and 
+under handing to pay due homage to the Almighty, 
+to reverence his power, to propagate his worffiip^ 
+and magnify his glory. And as men offered fir it 
+to Janus in all facrilices, becaufe of his exemplary 
+holinefs and piety, fo how much the more worfhip 
+men pay to God, fo much the more honour fhall 
+the/ receive both from God and men ; as the pre¬ 
+cepts and examples in the holy Scripture abundantly 
+teflify. 
+
+
+CHAP. III. 
+
+t * 
+
+% 
+
+t 
+
+Sect. I. Vulcan. 
+
+* • 
+
+P. Heavens ! I think I fee a blackfmith 
+
+among the Gods. •„ : 
+
+M. Very.true : he is both a fmith and a God, by 
+name Vulcan . He has a fliop. in the ifland Lera* 
+nos, where he. exercife§ his trade, and where, 
+though he is a God himfelf, he made Jupiter’s 
+thunder, and the arms of the other Gods. 
+
+. P. If he was a' God, what misfortune drove him 
+to the forge, and tied him to fuch a-natty employ¬ 
+ment ? 
+
+G 6 Mn Kin 
+
+
+
+156. Of the Go of the Heathens . 
+
+M. His deformity, I believe. x He was born of 
+Jupiter and Juno, fome fay of Juno only ; and be¬ 
+ing contemptible for his deformity,, he was coil 
+down from heaven into the ifland'Lemnos, (whence 
+he is called Lctnniusf: he broke his leg- with the 
+fall ; and if the Lemnians had not caught him when 
+he fell, he had certainly broke his neck : he has 
+ever lines been lame. In requital of their kindnefs, 
+he fixed his feat among them, and fet up the craft 
+of a frnith, teaching them the manifold ufes of fire, 
+and iron ; and from foftening and polilhing iron, * 
+lie received the name Mulciber or Mule fen 
+
+This nafty deformed frnith, which you will won¬ 
+der to hear, obtained in marriage the moft beauti¬ 
+ful Goddefs Venus ; and not long after, when lie 
+caught her and Mars committing adultery, he link¬ 
+ed them together with chains, and expofed them 
+to the laughter of all the Gods. He defired might¬ 
+ily to marry Minerva ; and Jupiter confentcd, 
+yielding up the virgin to the will of this nafty 
+wretcjjht. But fhe refilled his attempts ; and in the 
+flruggle his nature fell from him upon the earth, 
+and produced the monfler Krichthonius , Erichtheus, 
+or J Erichthonicus, who was a boy with dragon’* 
+feet ; to hide the monftrous deformity of which, 
+he firll invented chariots. Jupiter (as I faid) con- 
+fented.that Vulcan lliould marry Minerva, if he 
+could overcome-her modelly. For, .when Vulcan 
+made arms for the Gods, Jupiter gave him leave to 
+ehoofe out of the Goddefles a wife, and he cliok 
+Minerva : but he admonilhed Minerva at the fame 
+time to refufe him, and prefer .we her virginity, as 
+Jhe did admirably, well. 
+
+At 
+
+
+x Fhurnut 
+
+
+dc Nat. Deor. 
+y A mulccndo 
+
+
+Hefiod. JLucian. de Sacrific. Virg* 
+jferro, yide Imtan. 1 . h 
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens* *'57 
+
+At Rome were celebrated the Hitlcani? z feafl.3 
+in honour of Vulcan ; at which they drew ani¬ 
+mals into the fire to be burnt- to death. The Athe¬ 
+nians instituted other leads- to his honour, called 
+Chalcea . A temple, betides, was dedicated to him 
+upon the mountain a JE tna, from which he is 
+fometimes named JEitueus. This temple was 
+
+dogs 
+
+lat.they could difcern whether the per*, 
+fons that came thither were chafte and religious,, 
+or whether they were wicked ; they ufed to meet, 
+and flatter, and follow the good, efteeming them 
+the acquaintance and friends of Vulcan their maf¬ 
+ter ; but they barked and flew at the bad, and ne¬ 
+ver left' off tearing them until they had driven them 
+
+
+
+, b whofe fenfe of fmelling was fo 
+
+
+away. 
+
+P. I have heard, unlefs I'am miflaken, that this 
+Vulcan, by Jupiter’s command, made a living, wo¬ 
+man. Is it true ?* 
+
+M. It is a comical thing to expert truth in 
+fables. It is indeed feigned, that the firft woman: 
+was fafhionecl by the hammer of Vulcan, and tliat. 
+every God gave her fome.prefent ; whence fhe was 
+called Pandora . Pallas gave Her wifdom, Apollo 
+the art of mufic, Mercury the. art of eloquence, 
+Venus gave her beauty, and the reft of the Gods 
+gave her. other accomplifhments. c They fay alfo,. 
+that when Prometheus ftole fire frem heaven, to 
+animate the man which he had made, Jupiter was- 
+incenfed, and fent Pandora to Prometheus with a 
+fealed box; but Prometheus would not receive it. 
+Ke fent her with the fame box again to the wife 
+of Epimetlieus, the brother of Prometheus; and 
+ihe, out of a curiofity natural toiler fex, opened. 
+
+it, 
+
+
+2 Ita ditftus avro *rr>; tgt&'g *crt xtiovos, ex cor.ter.tione Sc terra* 
+Vide Virg. Georg. 3. a Var. ap. Lijt. b Pullux, 1 . 
+
+^ud Lil Gyr, c Paufajj, m At. 
+
+
+15 8 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+it ; which as foon as flie had done, all forts of dif, 
+eafes and evils, with which it was filled, flew 
+among mankind, and have infefted them ever 
+fin.ee. And nothing was left in the bottom of the 
+box but Hope. 
+
+
+Sect. II. fhc Cyclops , fern)ants to Vulcan . 
+
+
+are 
+
+
+P. TX 7 HAT black, nafly, one-eyed fellows 
+
+VV thofe. 
+
+Af. They are Vulcan’s fervants, and work with 
+him in the fhop. They are called d Cyclops, be- 
+caufe they had but one eye, which was in the mid¬ 
+dle of their foreheads, cf a circular figure. Nep¬ 
+tune and Amphitrite were their parents. And the 
+e names of three of them were Brontes , Stero 
+and Pyracmon : befides, there were many more 
+whofe names are not mentioned, who all exercifed 
+f the art of fmithcry under Vulcan, as v/e are 
+taught by Virgil. 
+
+
+pes, 
+
+
+Sect, 
+
+
+d A kukXos circulus, & oculus. 
+e “ Ferrum exerccbant valto Cyclopes in antro, 
+
+“ Brontefquc, Steropefque, & nudus membra Py *acxnon.” 
+On their eternal anvils here he found 
+
+The brethren beating, and the blows go round. Yirg. 
+
+f -« Alii ventofis foiiibus auras 
+
+“ Accipiunt redduntque : alii ftrxdentia tingunt 
+4< ./Era lacus gemit impofitis incudibus antrum. 
+
+** 11!i inter fele nuilta vi brachia tollunt 
+“ In numerum, verfantque tenaci forcipe ferrum.” 
+
+One ftirs the fire, and one the bellows blows. 
+
+The hilling fled is in the fmilhy drown’d : 
+
+The grot with beaten anvils groans around ; 
+
+By turns their arms advance, in equal time ; 
+
+They turn the glowing mafs with crooked tongs ; 
+
+The fiery work proceeds with ruiUc longs, 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathen t - 
+
+
+
+Slct* III- Cacus and Cceculus , fo?is of Vulcati a?id 
+
+Polyphemus . 
+
+
+C ACUS was the vilett of rogues ; his name was 
+given him s from his wickednefs• He tor¬ 
+mented all Latium with his fires and robberies ; 
+living like a beatt in a difmal cave. He Hole Her¬ 
+cules’s oxen, and dragged them backwards by their 
+tails into his cave, that fo the tracl of their feet 
+might not difeover this repofitory of his thefts. 
+But Hercules palling by, heard the lowing of the 
+oxen in the cave ; broke open the doors ; andfetz- 
+ing the villain, 11 put him to death. 1 His cave 
+was fo dark, that it admitted not the leak ray of 
+light. The floor of it was red with the blood per¬ 
+petually llied upon it ; and the heads and limbs of 
+the men he had murdered were fattened to the 
+polls of the doors 1 
+
+Ccecu- 
+
+
+g “ A 'To ru xaxa y a malo. 
+
+h- lC Cacuni in tenebris incendia vana vomentem 
+
+“ Corripif, in nodum complcxus ; & angit inhaerens 
+“ Eh'fos oculos, dc ficcum fanguinc guttur. Virg. JEn. 8. 
+
+Tiic monitor fpucing fruitiefs flames lie found ; 
+
+He fqueez’d his thn at, he wreath’d his neck around, 
+
+And in a knot his crippled members bound : 
+
+Then from the lockets tore his burning eyes ; 
+
+Roll’d on a heap the breathlcfs robber lies, 
+i “ Hie fpeluuca fuit vafto fubmota reccflu 
+“ Semihomini* Caci; facies quam dira tegebat 
+fc Solis inaceeiTam radiis; .femperqnc recenti 
+“ Caidc tepebat humus ; foribus affixa fuperbis 
+“ Ora virum trifli pendebant pallida tabo. 
+
+“ H«ic xnonflro Vulcanuserat pater : illius atros 
+“ Ore vomensignes magna fc mole ferebat.” 
+
+! Twas onoe a robber’s den, inclos’d around 
+"With living ftone, and deep beneath the ground. 
+
+The mcnfler Cacus, more than half a bead. 
+
+This hold, impervious to the fon, pofTefs’d ; 
+
+The pavements ever fcul with human gore; 
+
+Heads, and their mangled members, hung the doer. 
+
+Vulcan this plague begot; and, like his Sire, 
+black clouds he belch’d, and dames of livid fir*. 
+
+
+
+
+z€o Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+Caeculus alfo lived by plunder and robbery. He 
+was fo called from the fmallnefs of his eyes, (it is 
+thought the noble fnniily of the Czsc'ilii at Rome 
+derived their original from him). Whilfl his mo¬ 
+ther fat by the lire, a fpark flew into her lap : here¬ 
+upon (he grew big with child, and within the ufml 
+time Hie brought forth this fon ; who was after¬ 
+wards the founder of tlie city PreencRe. k Others 
+fay that the fhepherds found Casculus unhurt in 
+the midlt of the lire as feen as he was born ; from 
+whence he was thought, to be the fon of Vulcan. 
+
+To tlicfe fervants and fons of Vulcan, add the 
+flicpherd Polyphemus, a monftcr not- unlike them, 
+born of Neptune. For he had but one eye in his 
+forehead', like the*Cyclops ; and lie procured his.liv¬ 
+ing by murders and robberies, like Cacus and Cm cu¬ 
+ius. 1 Tliis monfler drew two of Ulyfles’s comps- 
+
+niens 
+
+
+lc Virg. TEncid. 7 . 
+
+1 “ Vifecribass miferorum, & futigmne vrfeitur atro,. 
+
+“ Vkli cg< met, duo cie numcro corpora roftro 
+“ Prcnfa rnar.u magna, medio rcfispim-s. in anrro, 
+et Frangcrct ad faxum ; fanicque afperfa natarcr.t 
+“ Idmira : vidi, atro cum membra ftuentia tabo 
+“ Mandcret 8c tepidi tremcrent fub dentibus artus. 
+
+“ Haud impunc quidexn ncc taliapafTus UfyfTts, 
+
+“ Oblitufque fisi eft Ithacus difcriminc tar.to 
+Nam flnuil cxpletus dapibus, vinoque fepxlltus 
+“ Ccrvicem ir.fltxam poftiit; jacuirque per antrum 
+“ Tnimenfum, faniem erudtai.s, ac fruftra cruento 
+et Per fommimeommixta mero : nos magna precati 
+“ Numina, fortitique vices, una undique circum- 
+<£ Fundimur, 8c telo lumen terebramus acr.to • 
+
+“ Ingens : quod torva folam fub fronte latebat, 
+
+“ Argolici clypei aut Phaebca lampadis ir.ftar-'* Virg. J£&, 3 . 
+The joints of flaughter’d wretches are his food, 
+
+And for his wine he quaffs the {beaming blood : 
+
+Thefe eyes beheld, when with his fpacious hand 
+He feiz’d two captives of our Grecian band ; 
+
+Stretch’d on his hack, lie dafh’d againft the ftones 
+Their broken bodies and their cracking bones. 
+
+
+
+
+
+Of the God's of the Heathens . 
+
+
+i6t 
+
+
+inons into his den in Sicily, and devoured them- 
+He thought too, that the reft of Ulyftes’s fervants 
+could not clcape his. jaws. Hut Ulyfles made him. 
+(irunk with wine, and then with a firebrand quite 
+put out his fight, and efcaped. 
+
+
+Hide an 7 
+
+
+Slot. IV. fhc Signification of the Fa hie. 
+
+a fyinhol of two forts of Fire. 
+
+r _ J‘^HAT’by Vulcan is underftood fire, the name 
+| itfelf difeovers, if we believe m Varro, who 
+fays that the word Hide an us is derived from the 
+force and violence of fire : and therefore he is paint¬ 
+ed with a blue hat, n which is a fymbol of the ce- 
+Icflial or elementary fire, which is by nature clear 
+and unmixed ; whereas the common fire that is 
+ufed on earth is weak, and wants continual fuel 
+to fupport it ; and therefore Vulcan is faid to be 
+lame. ° He is faid to have been caft dow* from 
+heaven, becaufe the lightning comes, from the 
+clouds ; and to have fallen into Lemnos, becaufe 
+lightning often falls into that ill and. 
+
+But let. us a little confider the flames of love; 
+
+fan 
+
+
+V/ifli fpouting blond the purp’c pavement fw’ms. 
+
+While the dire glutton grinds the trembling limbs. 
+
+Not unreveng’d Ulyffcs bore their fate, 
+
+Nor thoughtlcfs of his own unhappy Rate. 
+
+Fur, gorg’d with flcfh, and drunk with human wine, 
+
+While fa ft afletp the grant lay fupinc ; 
+
+. Snoring aloud, and belching from his maw 
+His.undigeftcd foam and morfcls law; 
+
+We pray, we caft "the lots; and then furround 
+'J lie monftrous body, ftretch’d along the ground ; 
+bach, as he could approach him, lends a hand 
+’i o bore his eye-ball with a flaming brand : 
+
+Beneath hi» frowning. f< reheat! lay his c) e, 
+for only one did this vail frame fupply ; 
+
+Btu: time a globe fo large, his front is fill’d, 
+
+Nike the fun’s dulk, or like the Grecian fhiclc?. 
+m Vulcanus quafi Volicanus, quod ignis per cerem volitat-; vcl 
+1 vi ac violentia ignis. Var. ap. I_iJ. Gyrald. n 
+
+8 . Eufeb. de l\rxp. Evang. o Scrv. ib. 
+
+
+
+1 62 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+for Vulcan married Venus. If you wonder, there¬ 
+fore, why fo fair, fo delicate, fo beautiful a Goddefs, 
+fhould be a wife to fo deformed and black a God, 
+you mull fuppofe that Vulcan is the fire, and 
+Venus the flame : And is not the union between 
+fire and flame very proper ? But this fire is kindled 
+in hell, and blown by the Cyclops : and thofe who 
+are addi&cd to venery are fet on fire with thefc 
+flames ; for when a flame, kindled by the eyes of 
+a beauteous woman, fets the breafl on fire, how 
+violent is the combuftion, how great the havock, 
+how certain the deftru&ion I Hence comes the 
+lover’s anguifli : deadnefs and faintnefs overfpread 
+his face, his eyes are dull and heavy, his cheeks 
+meagre and wan 5 liis countenance puts on the 
+palenefs of allies, which are fatal arguments of a 
+fpreading fire within, that confumes and preys up¬ 
+on the interior parts. But when Impudence has 
+blown the coals, fo that Modefty can put no fur¬ 
+ther Hop to the rage and violence of this flame; 
+when this hellifh offspring breaks forth, and by 
+degrees gathers ftrength, how does it fpread, rage,! 
+and increafc ! With what fury and violence does 
+it bear down and deftroy every thing ! By this 
+
+flame Scmcle was confirmed ; Hercules’s ftrenefii 
+
+* 
+
+was an eafy prey to it ; and hereby the flrongeii 
+towers and mofl flately palaces of Troy were con- 
+fumed and reduced to a flies. 
+
+Have you given yourfelf up to Venus ? She will 
+make you a Vulcan : fhe will make you filthy, 
+nafiy, and as black as hell : fhe will darken your 
+under/banding, though you are in the midfl of fire: 
+for the fire of Venus gives no light, but brings die 
+greatefh darknefs ; it freezes and ftupifies the foul, 
+while the body is thawed and melted into plen- 
+ftires. How fad is the fate of an effeminate man : 
+His toil and labour is like the work of Vulcan: foi 
+}ic, who defperately loves a woman, takes a burn- 
+
+
+
+4 
+
+
+T 1 . 33 V. 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
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+
+
+
+
+
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+
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+
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+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+
+163 
+
+
+jng iron into his breafl ; liis houfe is a forge ; he 
+labours and toils to foften her temper, more than 
+Vulcan fweats to fafhion the hardeft fteel 5 he ne- 
+^le£ls the care of himfelf, to make her fine and 
+handfome. Again, how many eflates are melted 
+in Lull’s furnace ! How many pofTeflicns reduced 
+to afhes, till nothing but drofs is left, and the no¬ 
+bility and honour of their families difappear and 
+vaaifli in fmoke I 
+
+No fuel can fatisfy this fire ; the heat of it ne¬ 
+ver decreafeth, it never cools ; for Venus blows it 
+with fighs, kindles it with tears, and foments it 
+with proud difdain and coldnefs. Her kindnefs is 
+cruelty, her pride is enfnaring. What wonder is 
+it then, that fo many Vulcans, not only in Lem¬ 
+nos, but every where, make thunder at this forge, 
+which will fall on their own heads : by which they 
+are call headlong from heaven to earth, that is, 
+from the highefl degree of happinefs to the lowed: 
+vale of mifery ! from which fall comes lainenefs 
+never to be cured. Thefe are the effects of the love 
+of Venus. If you will believe me, p I believe the 
+poet, who, in a witty epigram, fays the fame thing. 
+
+
+CHAP. IV. 
+
+
+zEolus. 
+
+L ET us now blow out the fire with the' wind, 
+and bring up fEolus after Vulcan : for he 
+who Hands next him is q ^Eolus the Go cl of winds,, 
+begotten by Jupiter, of Acella or Segelta, the 
+daughter of Hippota; from whence he is named 
+
+Hip- 
+
+
+p 'T r.vs <rev E getjet yuv tinea. <r>jv A 
+
+Ovji ezStiie.jg rrov 
+
+Cupid is Vulcan’s fon, Venus his wife. 
+
+No wonder then he goes lame all his life. 
+1 Ovid. Metam, ir. 
+
+
+j 64 Of the Gods of the Heathens, 
+
+Hippo fades. He dwelt in one of thofe feven iflands, 
+which from him are called JEolice^ and fometimes 
+Hiilcanise. He r was a fkilful aflronomer, and an 
+excellent natural philofopher ; he underflood more 
+particularly the nature of the winds : and becaufr. 
+from the clouds of fmoke of the /Eolian if]ands, lie 
+foretold winds and tempeils- a great while before 
+they arofe, it was generally believed that they 
+were under his power, and that he could raife the 
+winds or flill them as he pleated. And from 
+hence he was fly led emperor and king of the winch, 
+(the children of Aflreeus and Aurora). 5 Virgil 
+
+deferibea 
+
+r Palcephat do incredihiT. Var. Strab. ap. Serv. 
+s “ Nimboruni in patriam, loca fa:?.; furentiLus Auflils, 
+
+“ JEoliam venit : Hie vafto rex Aiolus antro 
+Cl Eudlantcs ventos, tempeflatefque fonoras 
+u Imperio premit, ac vinclis & carcere froenat. 
+ct Illi indignantes, magno cum murmure, montis 
+“ Circum clauftra fremunt : celfa fedet AloIus arce, 
+tf Sceptra tenens, mcllitque animos & temperat iras, 
+
+“ Ni faciat maria, ac terras, ccelumque profundum, 
+
+“ Quippc ferant rapidi fee uni, vcprantquc per auras. 
+ct Scd pater oninijvtens fpeluncis abdidit atris, 
+
+“ Hoc mettiens, molemque, & montes infuper altos 
+u Impofuit, rcgemque dedit, qui focdcre certo 
+64 Et premere, &Jaxas feiret dare jufius habenas/* 
+
+Thus rag’d -ihe Goddefs, and, with fury fraught^ 
+
+The refUef> regions of the ftorms fhe fought; 
+
+Where, in a i'pacious cave of living ficonr. 
+
+The tyrant TEolus, from his airy throne. 
+
+With* pow’r imperial curbs the ihuggling winds,. 
+
+And founding tempefts‘in dark prifons binds. . 
+
+This way and that, th’ impatient captives tend. 
+
+And, prefting for rcleafe, the mountains rend ; 
+
+High in his hall th’ undaunted monarch Hands, 
+
+And fliakes his feeptre, and their rage commands : ~ 
+
+Which did he not, their unrefilled fway 
+
+Would fweep the world before them in their way •» 
+
+Earth, air, and fea.% throt gh empty fpace would /oil. 
+
+And heaven would fly be fine the driving foul. 
+
+In fear of this the father <:f the Gods 1 
+
+Confin’d their fury to thefe tlaik abodes, > 
+
+Aiid lock’d them Lfe, opprcJkld with mountain loads; J 
+
+fmpob’d 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+
+*6S 
+
+
+defcribes Juno coming to him at his palace, of which 
+iie cives a defcription in beautiful verfe. 
+
+
+CHAP. V. 
+
+Mom us. 
+
+
+
+
+w 
+
+
+HO is this man, and what is his name ? 
+M. Ho you expetSh a man among the 
+Gods ? The name of this God is Momus : 1 which 
+word in the Greek tongue fignifies a jefler, a mock - 
+ir, a mimic ; for that is his bufinefs. He follows 
+no employment, but lives an idle life ; yet nicely 
+obferves the actions and fayings of the other Gods; 
+and when he finds them doing amifs, or neglecting 
+their duty, he cenfures, mocks, and derides them 
+with the greateft liberty. 
+
+Neptune, Vulcan, and Minerva, may witnefs the 
+truth of this. They all contended which of them 
+was the molt Ikilful. artificer ; whereupon Neptune 
+made a bull, Minerva a houfe, and Vulcan a man. 
+They made Momus judge between them ; but he 
+chid them all three. He accufed Neptune of im¬ 
+prudence, becaufe lie placed not 'the bull’s horns 
+in his forehead before his eyes ; for then the bull 
+might give a ftronger and furer blow. He blamed 
+Minerva, becaufe her houfe was immoveable, fo 
+that it could not be carried away, if by chance it 
+was placed among ill neighbours. But lie faid that 
+Vulcan was the moil: imprudent of them all, be¬ 
+caufe he did not make a window in the man’s 
+
+* 
+
+breaft, that he might fee what his thoughts were ; 
+whether he defigned-fome trick, or whether he in¬ 
+tended what he fpoke. 
+
+P. Wha 
+
+
+Impo&’d a king with arbitrary fway, 
+
+To look their fetters, or their force al Wf, 
+t itvftof irriforem fignificat. 
+
+
+164 Of the Gods of the Heathens, 
+
+Hippotades - He dwelt in one of thofe fev'en iflands, 
+which from him are called JEolicc 9 and fomc-times 
+Hide a n ia?. He r was a fkilful aflrononier, and an 
+excellent natural philofopher ; he underflood mor-i 
+particularly the nature of the winds : and becaufe. 
+from the clouds of fmoke of the ALolian iflands, he 
+foretold winds and tempefls- a great while before 
+they arofe, it was generally believed that they 
+were under his power, and that he could raife the 
+winds cr flill them as he pleafcd. And from 
+hence he was ft y led emperor and king of the luhias, 
+(the children of Aflreeus and Aurora), s Virgil 
+
+deferibea 
+
+
+r Palaepfiat de iccredibil; Var. Strab. ap. Serv. 
+s “ Nimborum in patriam, loca fa;**: furentxbus Auflxis, 
+
+“ ./Eoliam venit : Hie vafto rex Aeolus antro 
+Ci .Ludlantcs ventos, tempeftatefque fonoras 
+** Imperio premit, ac vinclis Sc carcere freenat. 
+
+“ Illi indignantes, magno cum murmure, montis 
+“ Circum clauftra fremunt : celfa 1‘edct ^Eolus arcc, 
+ct Sceptra tenens, mcllitque animos & temperat iras, 
+
+“ Ni faciat maria, ac terras, ccelumque profundum, 
+
+“ Quippc ferant rapidi fecum, vcsramque per auras. 
+u Scd pater omnipetens fpeluncis abdidit atris, 
+
+11 Hoc metuens, molemque, Sc monies infuper altos 
+** Impofuit, rcgemquc dedit, qui focdcre certo 
+Ci lit premere, &Jaxas feiret dare juflus habenas.” 
+
+Thus rag*d Goddefc, and, with fury fraught^. 
+
+The reflleG regions of the ftorrr.s flie fought; 
+
+Where, in a fpacious cave of Jiving fcone. 
+
+The tyrant TEolus, from liis airy throne, 
+
+With* pov/’r imperial curbs the Uruggling winds,- 
+And founding tempefls in dark prifons bifida. > 
+
+This way and that, th’ impatient captives tend. 
+
+And, prcflxng for rclcafe, the mountains rend ; 
+
+High in his hall th’ undaunted xronarch ftands, 
+
+And flxakcs his feeptre, and their rage commands z ~ 
+
+Which did he not, their unreflfied fvvay 
+
+Would fweep the world before them in their way ;* 
+
+Earth, air, and feas, through empty fpace would jo$. 
+
+And heaven would fly bdoic the driving foul. 
+
+In fear of this the hither of the Gods 1 
+
+Confin’d their fury to tlicfc dailc abodes, {• 
+
+Acd lock’d them fiife, op p felt’d with mountain loads ; 3 
+
+Impos’d 
+
+
+
+I Of the Gods of the Heathens . 1 6$ 
+
+<leferibes Juno coining to him at his palace, of which 
+jie gives a defcription in beautiful verfe. 
+
+CHAP. V. 
+
+Momus. 
+
+p t TTCT'HO is this man, and what is his name ? 
+
+\/\r M. Ho you expert a man among the 
+Gods ? The name of this God is Momus : 1 which 
+word in the Greek tongue fignifies a jefter , a mock - 
+tr, a mimic ; for that is his bufinefs. He follows 
+no employment, but lives an idle life ; yet nicely 
+obferves the actions and fayings of the other Gods 5 
+and when he finds them doing amifs, or negledling 
+their duty, he cenfures, mocks, and derides them 
+with the greateft liberty. 
+
+Neptune, Vulcan, and Minerva, may witnefs the 
+truth of this. They all contended which of them 
+was the molt Ikilful. artificer ; whereupon Neptune 
+made a bull, Minerva a houfe, and Vulcan a man. 
+They made Momus judge between them ; but he 
+diid them all three. < J -e accufed Neptune of im¬ 
+prudence, becaufe lie placed not -the bull’s horns 
+in his forehead before his eyes ; for then the bull 
+might give a ftronger and furer blow. He blamed 
+Minerva, becaufe her houfe was immoveable, fo 
+that it could not be carried away, if by chance it 
+was placed among ill neighbours. But he faid that 
+Vulcan was the moll imprudent of them all, be¬ 
+caufe he did not make a window in- the man’s 
+
+* 
+
+breaft, that he might fee what his thoughts were ; 
+whether he defignedTome trick, or whether he in¬ 
+tended what he fpoke. 
+
+P. Who 
+
+
+Impos'd a king with arbitrary fway. 
+
+To look their fetters, or their force alia f, 
+t Mvfuf irriforem Cgnificat, 
+
+
+
+1 56 Of the Gods of the Heathens • 
+
+P. Who were the parents of Momus ? 
+
+M . u N"ox and Somnus begat him. And indeed 
+it is a fign of a dull, drowfy, fottifh difpofition, 
+when we fee a man cenfuring and difliking the ac¬ 
+tions of all other men, when nothing but God is 
+wholly perfect: foniething is wanting to every 
+thing, fo that every thing is defective, and liable 
+to cenfure. 
+
+CHAP. IV. 
+
+Sect. I. fhe Terr eft rial Goddefs Vesta. 
+
+S HE v , whom you fee fitting and holding a I 
+drum, is the wife of Cesium, and the mother I 
+of Saturn. She is the eldefl of the GoddefTes. I 
+P. If flic is the wife of Ccelum, why is hie pla- I 
+ced among thefe terreftrial Goddefles, and not I 
+among the celeflial rather ? I 
+
+M. Becaufe this Goddefs x Veda is the fame I 
+with Terra, and has her name from her y cloathing, I 
+becaufe plants and fruits are the cloathing of the I 
+earth. Or, z according to Ovid, the earth is called I 
+Hejla from its {lability, becaufe it fupports itfclf. I 
+She fits, a becaufe the earth is immoveable, and is I 
+placed in the centre of the world. Vella has a I 
+drum, becaufe the earth contains the boiflerous I 
+winds in its bofom. And divers flowers weave I 
+themfelves into a crown, with which her head is I 
+crowned. Several kinds of animals creep about and I 
+
+fawn I 
+
+Rfl 
+
+u Hefn d in Theogon. v Virg. TEneid. 9 . I 
+
+x Flut. 1. I. Prim. frig. y Quod plantis frugibuf<p.ie Terra I 
+vediatur. < I 
+
+z Stat vi Terra fua, vi fcando Vtfta vocatur.” I 
+
+By its own ftrength fupperted Terra flands : I 
+
+Hence it is VTlia nam’d. ■ 
+
+a Var. ap. Aug. 7 . de Civ, Cicero de Somno JrXecat. Milef. go I 
+r.eral. Phurmit'njs. I 
+
+
+
+4 
+
+
+PI. XV 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
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+
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+
+
+
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+
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+
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+
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+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Heathens 
+
+
+167 
+
+
+fawn upon her. Becaufe the earth is round, Vef- 
+t:I ’s temple at Rome was alfo round ; and feme 
+fay that the image of Vcfia was orbicular in fome 
+places, but b Ovid fays her image was rude and 
+ihapelefs. And from hence round tables are an¬ 
+ciently called c Vejlce ; becaufe, like the earth, they 
+fupply all necefFaries of life for us. d It is no won¬ 
+der that the firfl oblations in all facrilices were of¬ 
+fered to her, knee whatsoever is facrificed fprings 
+from the earth. And the e Greeks both began and 
+concluded their facrifices with Vella; becaufe they 
+eflcemed her the mother of all the Gods. 
+
+P. I wifh that you would refolve one doubt 
+which I Hill have concerning this Goddefs. How 
+can Veka be the fame with Terra, when nothing 
+is more frequent amongft mythologiks than to fig- 
+nify lire by Veka. 
+
+M. I perceive I do not deal with a novice: I will 
+fitisfy your doubts. There were two Veflas, the 
+! Elder and the Younger. The firk, of whom I 
+have been (peaking, was the wife ofCcelum, and 
+the mother of Saturn. The feconci was the daughter 
+of Saturn by his wife Rhea. • And as the firll is 
+the fame with Terra, as I have already faid, fo the 
+other is the fame with Ignis, and her power was 
+cxeicifed about altars and houfes. The word Ve/ici 
+is often put for fire itfelf: for it is derived from a 
+‘ breek word which fignifies a chimney , a houfe , or 
+■'oufehcId-goods. h She is ekeemed the prefident and 
+
+guardian 
+
+
+h “ rffigiem nulhm Vt'fta nec ignis habet.’* 
+
+' ini:i K c Bella’s ihape can e’er expreiV, 
+
+Or Fire’s. -_ _ 
+
+
+Faft. 1. 6 
+
+
+d Horn, in Hymn. 
+
+
+c Flutarcii. in Sympof. 
+r h>l. (»yr. I. Strabo. 
+
+Vis ° mriis ad aras & . focos r crt!ne *-” Cic. de Nat. 
+* W penutem, domunf G, * co • no “ iue <l»°* 
+
+» A nd.°Ter”nN Aft." ^’Ift f‘ neid ‘ *' & Ge ° r£ ' I- Eu £ ra P ! ‘ ;u = 
+
+
+
+168 Of the Cods of the Heathens. 
+
+guardian of houfes, and one of -the haufliold cbj. 
+ties; not without reafon, fince fhe invented the 
+art of "building houfes : and therefore an image of 
+Vefla, to which they facriiiced every day, was 
+placed before the doors of the houfes at Rome; and ■ 
+the place where thefe flatues were fet up were call¬ 
+ed 1vejlihula , from Vefla. 
+
+This Goddefs was a virgin ; 1 and fo great an ad¬ 
+mirer of virginity, that when Jupiter her brother 
+gave her liberty of aiking what fhe would, fhe a/Iv- 
+ed, thatJJje might always be a virgin, and hays tog 
+JirJl oblations i?z all Jacrifices . Wherein fhe not only 
+obtained her defire, but received this farther ho¬ 
+nour k among the Romans, that perpetual lire was 
+kept in her temple among the facred j)ledges cf 
+the empire; not upon an altar, or in the chimney, 
+but in earthen veflels hanging in the air, which the 
+Veflal virgins tended with fo much care, that if by- 
+chance this fire was extinguifhed, all public and 
+private buiinefs was interrupted, and a vacation 
+proclaimed, till they had expiated the unhappy 
+prodigy with incredible pains. 1 And if It appear¬ 
+ed that the virgins were the occafion of its going 
+out by carelefsnefs, they were feverely punifhed, 
+and lometimes with rods. Upon the kalends of 
+March, every year, though it was not extinguifil¬ 
+ed, they ufed to renew it with no other lire than 
+that which was produced by the rays of tlie fun. 
+
+Ovid mentions both the Elder and the Younger 
+Vefla, m in the fixth Eook of his Faili. 
+
+SiCT, 
+
+i Arift. 5 . 1. 2. Ariftoph- in Vefpis- k VJ» 
+
+Max. 1. c. 4 . Liv. 5 . dec. I. Vab.Max. I. 4 . c. 4 . Pap. Mat. 
+3. 4 . Syl. 3 . 1 Idem. c. I. Ovid. Faft. 3 - 
+
+m “ Vefta eadeni eft & Terra : fubeft vigil ignis urrifjue, 
+
+“ Significant fedem Terra focufque fuam.** 
+
+'Vefta and Earih are one, one fire they fhare, 
+
+Which does the centre of them both declare. 
+
+
+
+I J L JVJ.. 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
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+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Qf the Gods-of the Heathens .. 
+
+
+%6g 
+
+
+SECT. II* Explanation of the Fable. Yhe 
+
+Younger Ve/la the vital heat in the Body . 
+
+F ROM hence we may conjecture, that when 
+the poets fay that Vefta is the fame with fire, 
+the terrible, fcorching, blazing fire of Vulcan’s 
+forge is not under/tcod ; nor yet the impure and 
+dangerous flames of Venus, of which we fpake 
+above: but a pure, unmixed, benign flame, fo ne- 
+Iccflary for us, that human life cannot pofiibly fub- 
+fft without it ; whofe heat being difFufed through 
+all the parts of the body, quickens, cheriflies, re- 
+refhes, and nourifhes us. A flame really facred, 
+cavenly, and divine, repaired daily by the food 
+vhich we eat, on which the fafety and welfare of 
+ur bodies depend. This flame moves and actu¬ 
+ates the whole body ; and cannot be extinguiihed 
+jut when life itfelf is extinguiihed together with 
+t. And then comes a falling vacation, and a cer- 
+ain end is put to all our bufinefs in this world, 
+iut if by our own faults it is extinguiihed, we are 
+uilty of our own death, and deferve that our me- 
+ory Ihould rot with our bodies in the grave, and 
+hat our names fhould be entombed with our car¬ 
+afes ; which would be an affliction no lefs fevere, 
+ban was the punifhment of the guilty Veftal vir- 
+ins, who were buried alive. 
+
+
+i 
+* 
+
+
+
+
+3 
+3 
+
+
+CHAP. VII. 
+
+Sect. I. Cybele. Her Image. 
+
+S trange ! Here is a Goddefs whofe n head 
+is crowned with towers. What means 
+ft is ? Is Ihe the Goddefs of cities and garrifons ? 
+
+H M. She 
+
+
+n Luc, 1. 2 . de Rcgn. 
+
+
+17 o 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+
+J \/. She is the Goddefs not of cities only, but 
+of all things which the earth fuftai'ns. ° She is 
+the Earth itfelf; on die earth are built many tot 
+ers and cables, fo on her head is placed a crown 
+of towers. In her hand file carries a key, which 
+perhaps you did not obferve ; p becaufe in the wii 
+ter the earth locks thofe treafures up, which lhe 
+brings forth and difpenfes with fo much plenty i 
+the fummer. She rides in a chariot, becaufe the 
+earth hangs fufpended in the air, balanced and 
+poifed by its own weight. But that chariot 
+fupported by wheels, becaufe the earth is a \( 
+luble body, and turns round: q and it is drawn 
+by lions, becaufe nothing is fo fierce, fo favage, or 
+fo ungovernable, but a motherly piety and tende: 
+nefs is able to tame it, and make it fubmit to the 
+yoke. I need not explain why her r garments ar 
+painted with different colours, and figured with the 
+images of feveral creatures, fince every body fas 
+that iucli a drefs is fuitable to the earth. 
+
+
+Sect. II. Names of Cyhele . 
+
+P. TS then this Goddefs called ferra ? 
+
+M. No ; s file is called Cyhele , and Op. f, and 
+Rhea , and Dyndy??iena , and Berecynthia , and Br,n\ 
+)Jea (the good Goddefs), and Idee a , and PeJ/inun 
+tia , and Magna Dcorum Mater (the great mother 
+of the Gods), and fometimes alfo Htfla* All thefo 
+names, for different reafons, were given to die 
+fame Gcddefs, who was the daughter of Ccehim, 
+and of the elder Vella, and Saturn’s wife. 
+
+She is called Cyhele , c from the mountain Gybe 
+lus in Phrygia, where her facrifices were inflitutcd 
+firfb. Or elfe this name was given her from th 
+
+
+
+
+
+o Servitis in 3 and 10 j^Eneid. 
+q Ovid, Fail:. 1 . 4. 
+
+Propertius. 1 . 3. Eleg. 16. 
+
+
+p Ibid. 1. 8. 
+
+r Martian. L.il. Gyrald. 
+t Etephanus. Strabo. 
+
+
+o 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . ' 171 
+
+behaviour of her priefts, who ufed u to dancsupon 
+their bends, and tofs about their hair like maiincn, 
+foretelling things to come, and making an horrible 
+noiie. They were named Gcdli; and tn/s fury 
+and outrage in prophecying is defcribed by v Lu¬ 
+cian in his firfl Book. 
+
+Others again derive the word Cyoele from a x 
+cube ; becaufc the cube, which is a body every 
+way iquarc, was dedicated to her by the ancients. 
+
+She is called y Ops, becaufe fhe brings help and 
+afMance to every thing contained in tlys world. 
+
+Her name z Rhea is derived from that abun¬ 
+dance of benefits which, without ceafing, flow 
+from her on every fide. 
+
+a Dy?idcmc?ie or D indy me 7 is a name given her 
+from the mountain Dindymus in pirygia. 
+
+Virgil calls her b Mater Berccytthia, from Bere- 
+cvnthus, a caftle in that country; and in the fame 
+place defcribcs her numerous and happy offspring. 
+
+She was by the Greeks called c Pafitbea ; that is 
+as the Romans ufuallv named her, the Mother of 
+
+H 2 all 
+
+
+u Arro -ry xy&Aav, id eft, in caput falutare. Suid. Serviusin r. 
+
+iKrcid. 
+
+
+v -« crincmque rotantes 
+
+“ Sanguincum populis ulularunt triftia Galli.” 
+
+Shaking thc ; r bloody treffes, tome fad fpell 
+'fhe pricfls of Cybel to the people yell, 
+x 'Arj 'ry xuQ y. Feftus. y Quod opcm ferae. 
+
+7. A Q-Uy fluo, quo bonis omnibus circumlluat. 
+a Hor. Carm. 1. 1 . 
+
+
+Cl 
+
+
+qualis Berecynthia mater 
+
+
+yEneid 6 
+
+
+“ Invehitur curru Phrygian turrita per urbes 
+u Pasta l)cum partu centum complex* nepotes, 
+
+■ ( Omnci codicolas, omnesfuper alta tenentes.’* 
+
+High as the mother of the Oods in place, 
+
+AnJ proud, like her, of an immortal race : 
+
+Tinn, when in pomp flic makes the Phrygian round. 
+
+With golden turrets, on her temples crown’d, 
+
+Her offspring all, and all command the fky. 
+
+c Ikiiichca, id eft, zran thsi? unr/sp, omnibus Diis Mater. Lite- 
+
+
+
+
+-$ 7 2 0 /" the Gods of the, Heathens* 
+
+all th( Gods ; and from the d Greek word fignify- 
+ing rmther , her facrifices are named Metroa , ami 
+to cehbrate them was called Mctraxcin, in the 
+fame language. 
+
+Her name Bona Dca c implies, that all good things 
+neceffary for the fupport of life proceed from her. 
+She is alfo called Fauna , f becaufe (he is faid to fa¬ 
+vour all creatures ; and Fatua , s becaufe it was 
+thought diat new-born children never cried till 
+they touched the .ground: h It is faid that this 
+Bona Dea vas the wife of king Faunus, who beat 
+her with myrtle rods till die died; becaufe die dif- 
+graced herfeii, .and adfed very unfuitable to the 
+dignity of a queen, by drinking fo much wine that 
+die became druik. But the king afterwards re¬ 
+penting of his ieverity, deified his dead wife, find 
+paid her divine honours. This is the reafon af- 
+figned why it wat forbid that anyone diould bring 
+myrtle into lier temple. 1 And in her facrifices, 
+the vefTels of wine were covered ; and when the 
+women drank out cf them, they called it milk> not 
+wine. k The meded.y of this Goddefs was fo ex¬ 
+traordinary, that no man ever faw her except 
+her liufband, or fcarce heard her name ; where¬ 
+fore, her facrifices were performed in private, 
+
+1 and all men were excluded from the temple. 
+From the great privacy obferved by her votaries, 
+the place in which her facrifices were performed 
+
+was 
+
+
+d A fzvrvp, mater, dcrivantur ftvrpwa, Cybeles facra, et jtnrfu* 
+•lav, facra ea celeb rare. Ccel. Rhod. 1 . viii. c. 17. 
+
+c Bona quod omnium nobis ad vidtum bonorum caufa fit. .La- 
+beo apud JL.il. Syntag. 4. p. 143. 
+
+f Fauna quod animantibus favere dicatur. 
+
+g Fatua a fando y quod infantes non prius vocem emittere credc- 
+rentur quam terram ipfam attigiffent. 
+
+h Sext. Clod. ap. lladlant. i Plut. in Probl. k ju-ven. Sat. 9. 
+1 (i Sacrse Bonre maribus nr*n adeunda Des," 
+
+.No men admitted were to Cybele’s rites. Tib. X. Eleg. 6. 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+■^as called m Opertttm , and the facriflees themfelves 
+were fly led n Opertanea ; and for the fame reafon 
+Pluto is by the poets called ° Opertus. Silence was 
+obferved iti a moll peculiar manner in the facriflces 
+? of Bona Dea, as it was in a lefs degree in all 
+other facriflces, according to the do£lrine of the Py¬ 
+thagoreans and Egyptians, who q taught that God 
+was to be word tipped in filence ; becaufe, from 
+thence, at the firfl creation, all things took their 
+beginning. To the fame purpofe Plutarch fays, 
+“ i Men. were our: mailers to teach us to fpeak, but 
+“ we learn filence from the G-ods. From thefe we. 
+“ learn to hold our peace, in their rites and initi- 
+li ations.” 
+
+She was called s Ichva Mater, from the mountain; 
+Ida in Phrygia or Crete, for die was at both places 
+highly honoured : as alfo at Rome, whither they 
+brought her from the city Pellinus in Galatia, by 
+a remarkable miracle. For when the fhip in which 
+Hie was carried flopped In the mouth of the Tiber, 
+the Veilal Claudia (whofe fine drefs and free be¬ 
+haviour made her modefty fufpe&ed) eafily drew 
+the fhip to ihore with her girdle,. where the God- 
+flefs was received by the hands of virgins, and the 
+citizens went out to meet her, placing cenfers with 
+frankincenfe before their doors : and when they 
+
+H 3, had 
+
+
+m Cic. ad Atttcum. 1. & in Paradox!*. n Plin. 1 , 10. c. 56. 
+0 “ Nolle domos Stygias, arcanaque Pit is Open!.’* 
+
+To hear hell’s fee ret counfels, and to know 
+
+Dark P'uto’s rites and myfteries belo w, Lucian. 1 . 9. 
+
+p “ Hinc mater cultrix Cybele, Cory ban tiaque tera, 
+
+“ fdteumque nonius : hinc fida Hlentia faerts, 
+
+“ £t fundi curruin Dominse fubiere leones.’* ./Eneid. 1. 3, 
+Here Cybele, the mother of the Gods, 
+
+With tickling cymbals charm’d the fdican woods; 
+hhe fee ret rites and ceremonies taught, 
+
+And to the yoke the fuvage lions brought.. 
+
+<1 Ap. De la Cerda in /Lnejd. 3. r Loquendi magi/lros 
+
+homines habemus, racendi Deus ; ab illis filentium accipientes iti 
+witiatiojiibus & myfterii?.. Piut. de JLcquac. s Luc. 1 . 
+
+
+74 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heath an. 
+
+
+had lighted the frankincenfe, they prayed that 4- 
+would enter freely into Rome, and be favourable to 
+it. And becaufe the Sibyls had prophefied tb.at 
+Idcea Mater fhould be introduced by the bell; n.mi 
+among the Romans, 44 the fenate r was not a little 
+44 buhed to pafs a judgment in the cafe, and rcfolvc 
+44 who was the belt man in the city. For every 
+
+- • J 
+
+44 one was ambitious to get the vidlory in a difmite 
+44 of that nature ; more than if they hood to be 
+44 elected to any commands or honours by the voices 
+44 either of the fenate or people. At lafl, the le 
+'* 4 nate refolved, that P. Scipio, the foil of that 
+i4 Gneus who was killed in Spain, a young gentle 
+' 4 man who had never yet been quudtor, was the 
+44 befh man iu the whole city.” 
+
+She was called Pcflimtntiti , u from a certain field 
+
+Tipf mvinv* #\f linr irniii 
+
+
+n t* -• M1 J lLsx.xj W 
+
+
+into which an image of her fell from 
+
+
+heaven ; from which fall v the place was called 
+Pejim/s, and the Goddcfs Pcjjinuntia . And in this 
+place firlf the Phrygians began to celebrate the lb 
+orifices Qi'via to this Goddcls, near the river G :1 
+
+4 -/ *’ 
+
+lus, from whence her pricks were called x GcMl 
+r.s I lb all tell you, after I have obferved, that when 
+tliefe priefts deli red that a great refpedt and ado¬ 
+ration fhould be paid to any thing', they pretertfd 
+that it fell from heaven; and they called the h 
+images a,*?«?* r Diopite^, that is, ft-nt jtohi fuptUi 
+Of which fort were the y on die. the paHadiv/e, m: 
+the ef}rvies of this Goddcfs concerning which v.: 
+now fpcak. 
+
+
+C r ’ / ^ 
+o - 
+
+
+t Hai?d parvre rei indicium fenatum tenebat, qui vir cptinu: 
+in civitate < fiet; verum certe vidloriam cjus rei fihi quiiquc ltd 
+let, quam ulla imperia, honortfve, fu/Tragio feu patrtiin, l*u p'.i'' j 
+delator. Patrcs cor.icripti P. Scipionem Cnei iiliuin cjus qMi 
+Hilpania occidebar, pdolcfcentem, nondinn quadlorem, jucbcavc 
+
+_ _ a 1 _ . ’ • . • • r-T- T 1 I* 7 ’ T 
+
+
+mnt ic tota civitate virum optimum efie. 
+
+v $.rrc -rtf s-rsrtiv, a cudeiido. x Felt us. 
+
+
+U plciUHl. >■ 1 
+
+v Hci id. I. ]' 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+
+*75 
+
+
+
+Sect. III. fhe Sacrifices of Cyhcle . 
+
+» 
+
+£R facriflces, like the facrifices of Bacchus, 
+z were celebrated with a confufed noife of 
+times, pipes, and cymbals ; and the facrificants 
+horded as if they were mad : they profaned both 
+the temple of their Goddefs, and the ears of their 
+hearers, with their filthy words and actions. The 
+fallowing rites were peculiarly obferved in her fa- 
+crificcs. a Her temple was opened not by hands, 
+but by prayers : none entered who had tailed gar¬ 
+lic: the prieffs facriliced to her fitting, and touch¬ 
+ing the earth, offered the hearts of the victims. 
+And, laftly, among the trees, the box and the pine 
+were facred to her 5 the box, becaufe the pipes 
+ufed in her facriflces were made of it ; b the pine, 
+for the fake of Atys, Attes, or Attincs, a boy that 
+Cybele much loved, and had made him preftdent 
+of her rites upon condition that he always prefer¬ 
+red his chaftity inviolate. But he forgot his vow, 
+and loft that virtue. c Wherefore the offended 
+Goddefs threw him into fuch a madnefs, that he 
+emafculated himfelf, (though d Lucian fays that 
+Cybele did it) ; and when lie was about to lay vio¬ 
+lent hands upon himfelf, fhe in pity turned him 
+into a pine. 
+
+But take notice that there was a true Atys, the 
+ion of Croefus king of Lydia. He was born dumb: 
+but when he faw in the fight a foldier at his fa¬ 
+thers back, with a fword lifted up to kill him, the 
+ft rings of his tongue, which h incited his fpeech, 
+burft-; and by fpeaking clearly, he prevented his- 
+father’s deft ru£l ion. 
+
+
+H 4 
+
+
+Sect. 
+
+
+2 Apuloi. 8. Mctam. Claud. 2. de Raptu. 
+a Serv. in 6 -ffincid. A then. ap. I>il. Gyrald. p. 143. 
+uyraU. Synt. 4. p. 143. La&am. in p. 8. Theb. 
+
+. ^ crv ; i n ASncid. c Auguft. 7. do Civj'ate Dri. 
+
+G Lucian, de Dea Svra. 
+
+
+l.il. 
+
+
+i ^]6 
+
+
+Of tht Gods of the Heathens, 
+Sect. IV. fhe Priefls of Cyhele . 
+
+
+T e just now told you,- that her priefls were call. 
+
+ed Galli , from a river of Phrygia of that name: 
+inch was the nature of the water of that river, that 
+
+whofoever drank of it immediately grew mad to 
+
+iuch a degree as to caflrate himfelf. This is cer. 
+tain, that the Galli were callrated,.and from thenci 
+called Semi'viri : as often as tuey facrificcd, theyfu. 
+rioufly cut and flailed their arms with knives; am 
+tlience all furious and mad people were called gd 
+/antes. f B elides the name of Galli , they were alfc 
+called Curetes , Coryhantes, fclchhics, Cahiri , am 
+Jdeei DaCiyli. Some fay that thefe priefls wen 
+different from the Galli : but becaufe molt peopli 
+believe them to be the fame, and fay that the 
+were all priefls of Cybele, therefore I will fpe 
+fomething of each of them. 
+
+The Curetes were either Cretans, or /Etolian: 
+or Eubceans, and had their names from 5 {having 
+io that Curetes and Detonfl lignify almofl the fa: 
+thing. For they fhaved the hair of their hem 
+before, but wore hair behind,, that they might m 
+be taken (as it has often happened) by the for 
+locks by the enemy ; or perhaps they were call' 
+Curetes, ll hecaule they -were habited in long veil 
+like young maidens ; or, lallly, i becaufe they edi 
+cated Jupiter in his infancy. 
+
+Her priefls were alfo called Coryhantcs; becauj 
+in the facrilices of their Goddefs, they tolled tin 
+heads and danced, and butted with, their foreheaj 
+like rams, after a mad falhion. Thus, when tli 
+
+initiat 
+
+
+c Lib Gyr. p. 141. f Var. apud Norm, in verbo Caf 
+
+g *\v?o T 7 u Kvousy a tonfura Curetes dicebantur. 
+h *Arfo K cpa; y a puella quod pudlartun llolam induebant. 
+
+i *A ^ro <rw x.o(>a.quoi$y ab educatione juvenuiu, quod Jovcm 
+fantein aluiffe ptrhibemur. Strabo. 
+
+
+♦ - 
+■ 
+
+
+j'L JCV 3 T. 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . jyy 
+
+initiated any one into their facrifices, k they placed 
+him in a chair, and danced about him like fools. 
+
+Another name of her priefls was 'Telchines. Thefe 
+were famous magicians and enchanters ; and they 
+came from Crete to Cyprus, and thence into 
+Rhodes ; which latter ifland was called "Te./chines 
+from them. 1 Or, if we believe others, they were 
+deferving men, and invented many arts for the 
+good of the public : for they HrH fet up the Ha¬ 
+tties and the images of the Gods~ 
+
+The Cabiri , or Caheri , fo called from Cabiri., 
+mountains of Phrygia,. m were either the fervants 
+of the Gods, or Gods themfelves, or rather dae¬ 
+mons, or the fame with the Corybantes ; for peo¬ 
+ple’s opinions concerning them are different. 
+
+The Idsei Da&yli n were the fervants and affiH- 
+ants of Magna Mater; called Ideci from the moun¬ 
+tain Ida, where they lived; and Da£lyli y o from the 
+fingers ; for thefe priefls were ten, like the fingers : 
+p they ferved Rhea every where, and in every thing,, 
+as if they were' fingers to her. Yet many affirm 
+that there were more than 
+
+
+
+C H A P* VIII. 
+
+% 
+
+Sect. I. . Ceres. Her Image . 
+
+have fa id enough, dear Sir, of Cybele r , 
+pray tell me what that tall majeflic lady 
+is that Hands there, r beautified with yellow hair^, 
+and crowned, with a turbant compofed of the ears 
+
+H 5 of 
+
+
+k Asm r» xo£wfluy, a comih 119 ferlendo 8 c Bcuvuv incedendo.. 
+Strabo, 1 . i. Plato in Euthid. 1 Strabo, ibid. 
+
+m Idem ibid. n Sophocl. apud JL.il. Gyr. 
+
+o Digit! enim Grace dicuntur XaxruXei. p JuliPoI. X . 
+
+q Strabo. Died. ap. Gyr. r Ovid. 4. Faft, Arnobius 
+
+wetra Geatcs, Martian. I, dc Nupt, 
+
+
+
+1*$ Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+of corn ; her bofom fwclls with breads as white n: 
+fnow. Her right-hand is iilled with poppies and 
+ears of corn, and in her left is a lighted torch. 
+
+
+Sect. II. ‘The Explanation of the Image. 
+
+M. TT is Ceres, my Pala?ophilus, s the daughter 
+•** of Saturn and Ops ; v/hofe lingular beauty 
+made the Gods tliemfelves her lovers and admirers. 
+Her brothers Jupiter and Neptune fell in love with 
+her, and debauched her. t She had Proferpina In 
+Jupiter. And by Neptune it is uncertain whether 
+die had a daughter or a horfe : for, u as fome fay. 
+when die avoided the purfuits of Neptune, who 
+followed her. Hie call lierfelf among a drove of 
+mares, and immediately put on the diape of a mare; 
+which Neptune perceiving, he made liimfell a 
+horfe ; and from her he begot the horfe Anon. 
+y Ovid himfelf is of this opinion : and from hence 
+I fuppofe the dory comes which x Paufanias relates. 
+Upon the mountain iEleus in Arcadia, an altar was 
+dedicated to Ceres ; her image had the body of a 
+woman, but the head of a horfe ; it remained en¬ 
+tire and unhurt in the midft of lire. Yet others 
+have told us, that Ceres did not bring forth a horfe, 
+but a daughter : y the Arcadians thought it a wick¬ 
+ed thing to call this daughter by any other name 
+than z the Lady , or the Great Goddefs , which were 
+the ufual names of her mother Ceres. 
+
+Ceres was greatly afhamed of this difgrace : fie 
+exceedingly lamented the lofs of her honour ; and 
+teftified her forrow by the mourning cloaths which 
+
+
+a Heliod. in Theogon. t Idem ibid, 
+
+n Prod, in Georg. Virg. 
+
+v ** Et te flava comas frugum mitiflima mater, 
+“ Senfit equum- 
+
+The gold-hair 1 d gentle Goddefs Ceres knew 
+Thee in a horfe’s fhape. 
+
+x i'aufanias in Arcad/ y Idem ibid, 
+
+2 Atff’Trofvcc.Do niina, & Magna Dea. 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens+ *79 
+
+p A c afterwards wore, (whence fhe was named Ma- 
+lum, iM 5 X«ivr, Nigra f She retired into the dark 
+j recedes of a cave, where ihc lav fo privately that 
+none of the Gods knew where ihc was, till Pan the 
+God of the woods difeovered her by chance, and 
+I t3 ]ci Jupiter ; who, fending the Fates to her, per- 
+funded her at laft to lay afide her grief and rife out 
+of the cave: which was a happy and joyful thing 
+I for all the world ; for in her abfence a great in¬ 
+fection reigned throughout all forts of living crea¬ 
+tures, which fprang from the corruption of the 
+fruits of the earth and the granaries every where. 
+
+P. But why were the fruits of the earth cor¬ 
+rupted in her abfence ? 
+
+M. Why ? Do you not know that Ike is the God- 
+! defs of the fruits, and that her very name is deri¬ 
+ved b from her care in producing or preferving the 
+fruits of the earth ? And have you not heard that 
+ihe firil invented and taught the art of tilling the 
+earth, and fowing corn, and all pulfe (except beans),, 
+and of making bread therewith ; whereas before 
+they ate only acorns ? This you may learn from 
+c Ovid ; who tells us that Ceres was the hr ft that 
+made laws, provided wholefome food, and taught 
+the art of husbandry, of plowing and fowing : for 
+I before her time the earth lay rough and unculti¬ 
+vated, covered with briars and unprofitable plants. 
+■Where there were no proprietors of land, they ne¬ 
+glected to cultivate it; when no body had any ground 
+
+H 6 of 
+
+
+b Ceres dicitur quafi Geres a gerendis friidtib-us : aut quafi e- 
+vel ab antiquo verbo Ccreo, quod idem elt ac Crco, qui.-d 
+cundaruai frugum creatrix fit Sc altrix. Cicero 2. de Nat. Deo: * 
+^hten. de prof. rel. c. jg. Scaliger & Servius in 1 . Georg. Cal- 
+nruacli. Hymn, in Cer. Plin. 7. c. 50. 
+c <c Prima Ceres unco .glcbain dimovit aratro, 
+
+“ JVima dedit fruges alimentaque mida terrio, 
+fi I'rinu dedit leges. Cereris funt omnia xnuuus.” 
+
+
+C^rcs 
+
+
+3 00 Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+of his own, they did not d care to fix land-mark?; 
+but all things were common to all men, till Cere., 
+who had invented the art of hufbandry, taught 
+men how to exercife it : and then they began to 
+contend and difpute about the limits of thofe field; 
+from whofe culture they reaped fo much profit: 
+and from hence it was neceflary that laws lliould 
+be enacted to determine the rights and properties 
+of tliofe who contended. For this reafon, Ceres 
+was named the c Foundrefs of laws . 
+
+jP. 1 under Hand now the meaning of her crown 
+made of corn ; but yet I do not fee what the hand¬ 
+ful of poppies fignifies. 
+
+M I will explain the fignification of that alfo 
+in its place ; but firftlet me fpeak of fome other 
+things. 
+
+1. She is beautiful and well-fhaped, becaufethe 
+earth which flie refembles, appears beautiful and 
+delightful to the beholders ; efpecially when it is 
+arrayed with plants, diverfified with trees, adorn¬ 
+ed with flowers, enriched with fruits, and covered 
+with greens ; when it difplays the honours of fpring, 
+and pours forth the gifts of autumn with a boun¬ 
+tiful hand. 
+
+2. Her hair is yellow ; and when the ear6 of 
+corn are ripe, they are adorned with that golden 
+colour. 
+
+3. Her breafls fwell with milk, ( f whence die is 
+
+ftyled Mammoft fome times), e becaufe after the 
+
+earth 
+
+Ceres was fhe who firfl: our furrows plough’d : 
+
+"Who gave i'weet fruit-, and eafy food allow’d. 
+
+-Ceres. firft tam’d us with her gentle laws; 
+
+From her kind hand the world fubfiftence draw9. 
+
+d “ Aut fignare quidem, aut partiii- limite campumf* 
+
+Or to make land-marks, or to balk their fields. 
+
+€ JLegifera, & GrtEce S-itrfA*<pogt; ; tjuique facra dicebantur Sip 
+po<po£tct : vocabatur ctiam Ceres Anptjrijg, quafi Tr,fxr,fn id eft, 
+Terra Mater, Virgil. ASneid. 3. & Serviusibid. 
+
+f Lil. Gy cal. Synt. 14. g Cicero, de Nat. Peer. %. fc }• 
+
+4 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens , xS t 
+
+earth is impregnated with feed, and big with the 
+fruit thereof, it brings forth all things out of it- 
+felf in abundance, and, like a mother, feeds and 
+nouri flies us \ whence die is called 11 Him a, and 1 
+A!tri:e Noftra . 
+
+4. She holds a lighted torch ; becaufe when 
+Proferpina was ftolen away by Pluto, her mother 
+k Ceres was greatly afflicted at the lofs of her 
+daughter 5 and being very defirous to find her 
+again, fire kindled her torches (they fay) with the 
+flames which burft from the top of the mountain 
+/Etna ; and with them fought her daughter through, 
+the whole world. 
+
+5. She carries poppy ; becaufe, when through 
+grief fhe could not obtain the lead: reft or deep, 
+Jupiter gave her poppy to eat : 1 for they fay this 
+plant is endued with a power to create deep and 
+forgetfulnefs. Her grief wav a little allayed by 
+lleep, but Jhe forgot not her lofs ; and, after many 
+voyages and journeys, fhe at lad: heard where Pro— 
+ferpina was, as yon will hear in its proper place. 
+
+F, But what is that young man that fits in- 3. 
+chariot drawn by flying ferpents ? 
+
+Mm It is Triptolemus, in the chariot which Ce¬ 
+res gave him. He was the fon of Eleuiius, or Ce- 
+reus, a nobleman. Ceres brought him up from 
+his infancy, upon this occafion : whilfl die fought 
+Proferpina by fea and land, m upon the way ihe 
+came into the city Eleufis, where the father of. 
+Triptolemus entertained her 5 wholekindnefs fhe re¬ 
+quited, by breeding up his young fon,. whom in the 
+day-time fhe fed ° with celellial and divine milk, 
+but in the night covered him all over with fire. 
+The child in a few days became a beautiful young 
+
+man, 
+
+
+h-Virgil. 1 Georg. i Cicero de Nat. Deor. 2. 
+
+k Cicero in Verrem. J Serv. in I Georg, 
+
+fix Callimachus in hymnis Ccreris. n Servius in Georg, £ 
+
+
+18s Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+man, by this extraordinary manner of education; 
+in fo much that his father greatly wondering a: 
+this fpeedy progrefs, was very de/irons to know¬ 
+how Ceres dealt with his foil; he therefore look, 
+ed through a fmall hole, and faw Ceres cover his 
+fon Triptolemus with burning coal. This affright¬ 
+ed him fo, that he cried out that Ceres was mur¬ 
+dering his fon ; wherefore he ran into the room to 
+lave him. . Ceres puni/lied his imprudent curiofiiy 
+with death ; then putting Triptolemus in the cha¬ 
+riot that you fee, /he font him throughout tlie 
+world to /hew mankind the ufe of corn. He exe¬ 
+cuted her commands fo faithfully, and taught men 
+the arts of huibandry, or fowing and reaping, and 
+of thre/hing the corn, fo well, that he obtained 
+his name ° 'Triptolemus from thence. p Ovid gives 
+us an excellent description hereof in the end of the 
+lifth Book of liis Metamorphoiis. 
+
+P . But what is that near the wheel of Ceres's 
+chariot ? I fancy I fee a newt there. 
+
+M . That creature was once a boy, whom Ceres for 
+his impertinence changed into a little bealt like a 
+
+• lizard. 
+
+
+o Triptolemus dicitur quafi n-ue id ch, hordeum 
+
+tcrens. Hygin. fab. 147. 
+
+p “-— Geminos dea fertilis angues 
+
+“ Curribus admovit, fnenifquc coercuit ora, 
+
+“ Et medium cadi terrseque per aera veefca eft. 
+
+“ Atque Icvcm currum Tritonida mifit in arcem 
+“ Triptolemo : partimque rudi data femir.ajufEt 
+“ Spargcre humo, partini poft tempora longa'recttlta.** 
+
+Ceres her chariot mounts ; yok’d dragons hand. 
+
+Tame and obedient lo her gentle hand : 
+
+With ftretch’d-out wings, thro’ yielding air they fly. 
+
+Till Ceres fends her chariot from the fky, 
+
+To good Triptolemus, her Athenian friend; 
+
+Triptolemus, whole ufcful cares intend 
+
+The common good ; feed was the chariot’s load, 
+
+Which flic on him for public ufe bellow’d : 
+
+Part fhe for fallow fields now plough’d dclign’d, 
+
+And part for land by frequent tilth refin’d. 
+
+
+Of the Gods oj the lie a thens. 
+
+
+i 8 ? 
+
+
+liziird. For when Ceres was very weary with tra¬ 
+velling, and tlurfty, fhe came to a cottage and be.?- 
+rrfcl a little water to warn her mouth, of an old wo- 
+ni:m that lived there. The old woman not only 
+jrave her water, but alfo barley-broth 5 which, 
+when die Goddefs fupped up greedily, th'? wo¬ 
+man’s foil Stellio, a fancy boy, mocked her. This 
+railed Ceres’s anger fo far, that, in a rage, die 
+flung feme of the broth into the boy’s face, q who 
+was thereby changed into a newt. 
+
+13 ut do you fee the man rolling himfelf upon the 
+ground, and tearing and eating his own flefh ? 
+
+P . I obferve him : What is his name ? and why 
+is he fo cruel to himfelf ? 
+
+M. They call him Krifichthon . In contempt of 
+the facrifices of Ceres, he defiled her groves, and 
+cut down one of her oaks ; for which he was pu¬ 
+nched with perpetual hunger ; fo that when he 
+has devoured all the meat and food which he can 
+by any ways procure, he is forced to eat his own 
+flcih to fupport his own body ; and to bring upon 
+himfelf an horrible death, the better to fuflain his 
+life. 
+
+
+Sect. III. The Sacrifices of Ceres . 
+
+A MONG all the Cerealici , or facrifices inftitil¬ 
+ted to the honour of Ceres, thefe which fol¬ 
+low are the chief. ELleufuiia (by which r name the 
+Goddefs herfelf was alfo known), were fo called 
+lucaufe they were fir ft celebrated in the city Eleu- 
+fis. Of thefe were two forts ; the Mafora , confe- 
+crated to Ceres ; and the Minora , to Proferpina. 5 It 
+was a cuflom, that thofe who were initiated in the 
+
+Majors, 
+
+q “ Fugit anum, Iatcbramque petit, aptumque colori 
+“ Nomen h&bet, variis Bellatus corpora guttis.’* 
+
+Flics the old wife, and creep* into a hole ; 
+
+And from hisfpecldcd back a name he gets,, 
+r Paufan, in Atticis. 5 Plut. in Demetrtb. 
+
+
+184 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+
+Majora, never pulled off* the cloaths which they ther? 
+wore till they fell olF in rags. 1 In both the Majora 
+and Minora, a perpetual and wonderful filence \vaj 
+kept: to publiili any thing concerning them was a 
+crime; whence came the proverb concerning filent 
+perfons, ’atTe?.« va-mx [_Httica Eleujinid\ ; and the 
+word myjlerium 11 gnides a religiotis rite , from i. hj 
+
+as claudo . Lighted torches were ufed in 
+their Sacrifices, u becaufe Ceres with them fought 
+Proferpina ; and up and down the ftreets and the 
+highways they cried out, Proferpina, till they had 
+filled all places with their difmal bowlings. Games 
+were celebrated in thefe facrifices, in which the 
+vigors v were honoured with a barley crown. 
+
+The x fhefnophoria were inllituted by Triptole- 
+mus; and thofe women who vowed perpetual cha- 
+ftity were initiated in them. For fome days a fail 
+was kept, and wine was y altogether baniilied from 
+her altar : whence this expreffion came, Cereri nub- 
+tias face re, which (among the ancients) fignifies a 
+feafl where there was no wine. Swine were fa- 
+crificed to this Goddefs, z becaufe they hurt the 
+fruits of the earth. And garlands a compofed of 
+cars of corn were offered to her. 
+
+n.rnbar'valia were inftituted to purge the fields, 
+
+and 
+
+
+t Ariftoph, in Pluto. u Seneca, 1 . 7. Nat. Qmeft. c. 31. 
+
+v “ Nodturnifque Hecate triviis ululata per urbes." 
+
+JEneid. Vide Serviam. 
+
+And Hecate by night ador'd with fhrieks. 
+x Pindar, in Ifthm. y Pliny, 1 . 24. Servius in JEneid 3. 
+
+z “ Prima Ceres avidse gavifa eft fanguine porcas, 
+
+“ Ulta fuas merita" cede nocenres opes." Ovid, Faft. I. !• 
+
+Ceres with blood of fwine we heft atone. 
+
+Which thus requite the mifehiefs they have done, 
+a “ Flava Ceres, tibi ft noftro de rure corona 
+* Spicca quae ternpli pendeat ante fores." 
+
+To thee, fair Goddefs, we'll a garland plait 
+Of amrs of c©rn, t’ adorn thy temple gate. 
+
+
+Tibull^ 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens • i8£: 
+
+OT d to beg fruitfulnefs and plenty. They were lb' 
+cdJed, b becaufe the facrifices were led about the 
+fields; as the fuburbs [ .dmburbium~\ were efleemed 
+facred, becaufe the facriHce was carried round the 
+city. Thefe facrifices were performed by hufband- 
+men, c who carried a fow big with young, or a 
+cow-calf, through the corn and the hay, in the be¬ 
+ginning of harveft, thrice ; the countrymen fol¬ 
+lowing him with dancing, and leaping, and accla¬ 
+mations of joy,, till all the Helds rung with the 
+noife. In the mean time one of them, adorned 
+with a crown, fung the praifes of Ceres 5 and after 
+they had offered an oblation of wine mixed with, 
+honey and milk, before they began to reap, they 
+facrificed the fow to her. d The rites of thefe am- 
+barvalia are beautifully deferibed by Virgil. 
+
+CHAP*, 
+
+
+b Quod vicflima ambiret arva,, Serv. in 1 Georg, 
+c Virg. Eel. 3. 
+
+d “ C'uncta tibi Cererem pubes agreftis adoret: 
+
+“ Cui tu ladle favos, Sc miti dilue Baccho, 
+u Tcrque novas circum felix eat hoitia frtiges ; 
+
+“ Omnis quam churns Sc focii comitentur ovantes, 
+
+“ Et Cererem clamorc vocent in tetfla : neque ante. 
+“ Falcem matnris qiufquam liipponat ariflis, 
+
+“ Quam Cereri, torta redimitus tempora quercu,. 
+
+‘ k Dct motus incompofitos, Sc carmina dicat.” 
+
+Let every twain adore her pu.w’r divine, 
+
+And milk and honey mix with fparkling wine : 
+let all the choir of clowns attend this fliew, 
+in long proceflion Ihouting as they go ; 
+
+Invoking her to blefs their yearly ftores, 
+
+Inviting plenty to their crowned floors. 
+
+Thus in the lpring, and thus in fummer’s heat, 
+Before the flckles touch the rip’ning wheat. 
+
+On Ceres call, and let the lab'ring hind 
+With oaken wreaths his hollow temples bind 1] 
+
+On Ceres let him call, and Ceres praile, 
+
+With ujiCQuth dances, and widecountry lays*. 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+
+. 1 36 
+
+
+CHAP. IX. 
+
+Sect. I. The Muses. Their Image. 
+
+P. /A WHAT beauty, what fweetnefs, what 
+
+\f elegance is here l 
+
+M. You mean in thefe nine virgins c that are 
+crowned with jjalins 5 do you not? 
+
+P. Certainly. How pleafantly and kindly they 
+fmile ! How decent and becoming is their drefs 1 
+How liandfomely do they fit together in the j'liadc 
+of that laurel arbour ! How fkilfully fome of them 
+play on the harp, fome upon the cittern, fome up. 
+on the pipe, fome upon the cymbal, and fome h:tr- 
+mouioufly ling and play at once ! Methinks I hear 
+them with united minds, voice and hands, make . 
+an agreeable concord arifing from their different 
+mftrumexits ; governing their feveral voices, in fuch 
+a.manner, that they make the molt noble harmony, 
+whofe pleafing charms entering into my ears, ra- 
+vifli my mind with pleafure, 
+
+M. They are the Mufes, f the miftrefies of all 
+the faiences, the proficients of the muficians and 
+poets, and the governors of the feafts and folem- 
+nxties of the Gods. s Jupiter J>egat them of the 
+nymph Mnexnofyne, who afterward brought them 
+forth upon the mountain Pierius. Some affirm that 
+they had other parents 5 and b ancient writers fay, 
+that they lived before Jupiter, and were the daugh¬ 
+ters of Cesium. They are called the daughters of 
+Jupiter and Mnemofyne, (which in Greek fignifies 
+memory'), becaufe all fludents and fcholars ought 
+not only to have great ingenuity, but ready me¬ 
+mories. 
+
+Sect. 
+
+
+e Cor i nt. apiul Lil. Gy raid. p. 560. Orph. in I-Iyinn. Muf. 
+i Ilefioh in Theo.>. g Tzetzes, Cliil. 6 . Hid. co 
+
+h -Mull np. Lii. Gyr. 
+
+
+Jfl. XMU-J- 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+187 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Idea the ns. 
+
+
+Sect. II. 'The Plumes of the Tlifes. 
+
+t j'HE Ivfufcs, or Tvlufe, were formerly called Mo- 
+L Jf and were fo named from a 1 Greek word 
+i\\?X figailies to inquire ; became men, by inquiring 
+01 them, learn the tilings of which they were be¬ 
+fore ignorant. But others fay that they had their 
+name from k their rcfemblance, becaufe there is a 
+iimilitude, and an affinity and relation between, all 
+fie fcleiices ; in which they agree together, haul 
+.are tinited with one another. Wherefore the Mufes 
+are often painted with their hands joined, dancing 
+in a ring ; in the middle of them fits Apollo, their 
+commander and prince. The pencil of nature de- 
+ion bed them in that manner upon the agate which 
+Pyrrhus, who made war againfl the Romans, wore 
+ia a ring: for in it was a reprrfcntation of the 
+nine Mufes, and Apollo holding a harp ; and thefe 
+figures were not delineated by art, but by the 1 
+fpontaneous handywork of nature ; and the veins 
+of the done were formed fo regularly, that every 
+Uafc had her particular difllnftion. 
+
+Sect. III. j the proper Homes cf the Ivlt.fs . 
+
+
+P . T THAT v/ere tiie proper names of each of 
+
+V V the Mufes ? 
+
+hi. They had each of them a name derived from 
+f.r.ne particular accomplishments of their minds or 
+todies. 
+
+ire fir ft, Calliope , was fo called m from the fvvect- 
+r.ci-j o[ her voice ; Ihe prefides over rhetoric, a:id 
+is eileemed the moll excellent of all the nine. 
+
+The fecond, Clio, is fo named from n glory. For 
+
+Die 
+
+
+1 At? -ry f/.uircu > id eft, nb incpiircvdo. Ib a to in Cratylo. 
+k cititii oy.oeeacfA, id eit, limiter.. Caifiodor. 
+
+‘ * 1 37. c. i. m At-? t;?> }.r.; otn; a iuavitatc \ocb. 
+
+'■ At a ray xXsay, a tlorla »'c. j^ra:n ‘»(-fr.:irum qu:is mernurat. 
+
+— .‘C-.. iiO. i. 
+
+
+
+*88 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+
+fhe is the hiflorical Mufe, and takes her name fro 
+the famoufnefs of the things fhe recoids. 
+
+The third,. Erato, has her name ° from love, be 
+caufe ilie figns of amours, or becaufe learned men 
+are beloved and praifcd by others. She is alfo cal¬ 
+led Sal tat r lx ; for die firil invented- the art of dan 
+ing, over which fhe predded. She was alfo the 
+inventrcfs of poetry. 
+
+The fourth, fhall a, from p her gaiety, briJknefs, 
+and pleafantry ; bccaufe fhe fings pleafantly and 
+wantonly. Some infcribe to her the invention of 
+comedy, others of geometry. 
+
+The fifth, JMelpomeiiCy from q the excellency of 
+her fong, and the melody fhe makes when flic fingj. 
+She is fuppofed to preikie over tragedy, and to have 
+invented fonnets. 
+
+The fixth, Terpfchore , has her name from r the 
+pleafure fhe takes in dancing, becaufe fhe delights 
+in balls. Some call her Citbariftria* 
+
+The feventh, Euterpe , or Euterpia , from s the 
+fweetnefs of her finging; Some call her fibicina: 
+becaufe, according to them, fhe prefldes over the 
+pipes : and fome fay logic was invented by her. 
+
+The eighth, Po/j hytnnia , or Poly?n?iia , or Pclym - 
+tieia, from 1 her excellent memory \ and there!ere 
+the invention of writing hiitory is attributed to her, 
+•wliich requires a good memory. It was owing to 
+her, u “ that the fongflers add to the verfes that they 
+Si fing, hands and fingers, which fpeak more than 
+
+“ the 
+
+
+o *A 73 tou sDv]aiy ab amors. Ovid, dc Arte, 1 . i . 
+p 'A to <rov Su^xuv, id eft, virere, germinare et florere. Proc- w 
+Hefiod. q A ix&.<.:opcu cantor 3c modulor, vc! ari 
+
+tov us}.'); •&‘o/ e .‘y concentum lac ere. r 9 A nro ngr-iv reti 
+
+quod chorcis deledtetur. s Ab iv jucunda mnii e 
+
+in concentu. t A TsXvg mult us, Sc juk-w mernoria. 
+
+u Plut. in Sympof. quod carminibus additie lint orcnellranun 
+loquaciffimze manus, lin^uofi dipiti, filcntium clamofum, exjufi'>^ 
+tacita, uno verbo geftus 3c actio.. 
+
+
+^Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+F t the tongue : an expreflive filence ; a language 
+< without words •, in fhort, gefture and adlion.” 
+The ninth, v Urania , was f© called, either becaufe 
+(be fings of divine tilings ; or becaufe through her 
+aifiHance men are praifed to the Ikies ; or becaufe, 
+j,v the faiences, they become converfant in the 
+Contemplation of things celeftial. 
+
+Bahufius, a modern poet, has comprifed the 
+names of thefe nine Mufes in a x diflich : that is, 
+he has made the nine Mufes to Hand, which is 
+fomething ftrange, but upon eleven feet. Perhaps 
+[you will remember their names better when thejr 
+[are thus joined together in two verfes. 
+
+•Sect. IV. The names common to all the Mufes . 
+
+XITHAT names have the Mufes common to 
+** them all ? 
+
+M. The mofl remarkable are. 
+
+Helicon ides, or Hcliconiades , from the mountain 
+idiccn in Bocotia. 
+
+ParnaJJides, from the mountain Parnaflus in 
+[Phocis, which has two heads ; y where, if any 
+lerfon flept, he prefently became a poet. It was 
+mcicntly called Larnajjus, from Larnace, the ark 
+>f Deucalion, which refled here ; and was named 
+Varnajfus, after the flood, from an inhabitant of 
+this mountain fo called. 
+
+Cither ides, or Cither aides, from the mountain Ci- 
+• her on, where they dwelt. 
+domdes , from the country Aonia. 
+
+Pie rides , or Pierici, 2 from the mountain Pierus, 
+ir Pieria, in Thrace 5 or from the daughtersi'of Pie- 
+
+rius 
+
+
+v tf^avtf, a Caelo. 
+
+I p °Iynmeia, Erato, Clio, atque Thalia, 
+
+Melpomene, Euterpe, Terpfichore, Urania.’* 
+
+v P^ - Bah. 4 * I* 
+
+; 1 emus in .Proajmio. z Idem ibid. 
+
+
+
+1^0 Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+rius and Anippe, who daring to contend with ti if 
+Mufes, were changed into pyes. 
+
+Peg a/ides and Hippocrcnides , from the fanou; 
+fountain Helicon, which by the Greeks is c.liel 
+a Hippocrene , and by the Latins h Cahallinus ; bath 
+which words fignify the hoefe's fount am ; it wa; 
+alfo named Pegafeius , from Pegafus the wingej 
+horfe, c who flriking a ftone in this place witli hj s 
+foot, opened the fountain, d and the water of it 
+became vocal. 
+
+
+_AgnnippideSy or 
+Aganippe. 
+
+Cajlalidcs , from 
+foot of Parnahus. 
+
+
+n 
+& 
+
+
+%anippece, from the fountai; 
+
+
+1 
+
+
+the fountain Caflalius at the 
+
+
+P 
+
+
+Sect. V*. The Hu viler of the Tvlufcs. 
+
+. 1 T 7 HAT was the number of the Mufes i* 
+
+* * M. Some write c that they were but three 
+in the beginning ; becaufe found, out of which all 
+fnging is formed, is naturally threefold ; cither 
+made by the voice alone; or by blowing, as in pipes; 
+or by flriking, as in citterns or drums. Or it may 
+be becauf c there arc three tones of the voice or 
+other infh'uments, the bale, the tenor, and the 
+treble. f Or bccaufe three is the moil perfect ot 
+numbers; for it agrees to the perfons of the God 
+head. g Or, laflly, becaufe all the fcienccs are ch- 
+ilributed into three general parts ; philofophy, rhe¬ 
+toric, and mathematics ; and each three parts are 
+fuhdivided into three other parts ; philofopliy into 
+logic, ethics, and phyfic ; rhetoric into the de- 
+monflrative, deliberative, and judicial kind ; 'ma¬ 
+thematics into muiic, geometry, and arithmetic: 
+
+whence' 
+
+
+a Ab Isrzs’o; equus, Sc y.n jy?? fon>. b CalKilbui -i 
+
+Caballus, id eft, equus. c Ovid. 5. Metaro. 
+
+cl Sidonius ApolHn. e Var. apud Auguft. 
+
+Ctuforin. de Die iiat.ili. g Phv.rnnt. dc DJeortun N;d" r? - 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 191 
+
+whence it came to pals, that they reckoned not 
+only three Mufes, but nine. 
+
+Others give us a different rcafon why they arc 
+nine. h When the citizens of Sicyon appointed 
+three fkilful artificers to make the ftatues of the 
+three Mufes, promifing to clioofe thofe three Ha- 
+tue.i out of the nine -which they liked befi, they 
+were all fo well made that they cold not tell which 
+to choofe ; fo that they brought them all, and plac¬ 
+ed them in the temples ; and Hefiod afterwards af- 
+jigaed to them the names mentioned above. 
+
+P, Were they virgins ? 
+
+M. 1 Some affirm it ; and others deny it, who 
+reckon up their children. But, however, let no 
+one dcfpife the Mufes, unlefs he defign to bring 
+dcftruttion upon himfclf by the example of Tha- 
+mjras or Thamyris : k who being conceited of his 
+own beauty and fkill in fin gin g, prefumed to chal¬ 
+lenge the Mufes to ling, upon condition that if he 
+was overcome they fhould punifh him as they plcaf- 
+cd. And after he was overcome, he was deprived 
+t once both of his harp and his eyes, 
+
+
+a 
+
+
+CHAP. X. 
+
+Themis, Astraea, Nemesis. 
+
+* 
+
+P. nPHE.SE. three Goddefies, I fee, contrive and 
+
+confult together of affairs of great moment. 
+M. I fuppofe fo ; for their bufinels is almofi the 
+fame ; the fame function is incumbent upon each 
+of them. But, however, let us infpeft them all 
+iingly. 
+
+7 he mis 
+
+
+h Var. ibid, ex Lil. Gyi*. p. 261. i Plato ap. eundem. 
+
+Vi.le Nat. Corn. k Homer. Iliad. 2. Hut. dc Alufieu. 
+
+
+
+rs^<2, Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+fhemis , the firfl of them, 1 is the daughter 0 { 
+Cloelum and Terra. According to the nullification 
+of her name, her office is to inftruCt mankind to 
+do things honeft, juft, and right. n Wherefore 
+her images were brought and placed before thole 
+who were about to fpeak to the people, that they 
+might be admonifhed thereby to fay nothing in 
+public but what was juft and righteous. Some fay 
+° file fpoke oracles at Delphos, before Apollo; 
+though p Homer fays, that file ferved Apollo with 
+neCtar and ambrofia. There was anotlier Themis, 
+of whom Juftice, Law, and Peace, are faid to be 
+born. Heftod, by way of eminence, calls her q Mo. 
+defy becaufe (lie was afliamed to fee any thing that 
+%vas done againft right and equity. Eufebius calls her 
+Carjsicnta ; r becaufe by her verfe and precepts flie 
+directs every one to what is juft: by whom he means 
+a different Carmenta from the Roman Carmenta, 
+who was the mother of Evander, otherwife called 
+% Ihe7?iix Nicofratay a prophetical lady, s She was 
+worftupped by the Romans, becaufe fhe prophefiecl; 
+and was called Carmenta , either 11 from the verfe in 
+which flie uttered her predictions, or u from the 
+madnefs which feemed to poffefs her -when fhe pro- 
+phefied. To this lady an altar was dedicated near ! 
+the gate Carmentalis, by the capitol; and a temple ; 
+was alfo built to her honour upon this occafion. ! 
+
+The fen ate forbade the married women the ufeof i 
+litters or fedans ; they combined together, and re- 
+folved that they would never bring children unlefs 
+tlieir hufbands refeinded that ediCf: they kept to 
+
+this 
+
+
+1 Hefiod. in Theogon. m tBz/xis enim fignificat fas. 
+
+n Ex Lil. Gyr. o Ex Ovidii JVIetam. 1 . i. 
+
+p Hymn, in Apollinem. q id eft, pudibundum. 
+
+Hefiod. in Theogon. r Quod carminibus edicftifquc iuis 
+
+prajeipiat unicuique quod juftum eft. Eufebius, L 3. Prrep. Evang. 
+s Solimis in deferiptione Roirue. t A Carmine. Ovid. Fait. 
+« Quaficarens mente. v Vide Ovid, in Faitis, 1 . 3. 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 19 j 
+
+this agreement with fo much refolution, that the 
+ieiiate was obliged to change their fentence, and 
+yjeld to the women’s will, and allow them all fe- 
+j a n3 and chariots again- And when their wives 
+conceived and brought forth fine children, they 
+erecied a temple in honour of Carmenta. 
+
+djircca, x the daughter of Aurora and Aftrasus 
+'the Titan, (or, as others rathere fay, the daughter 
+!of Jupiter and Themis), was efleemed y the prince 
+oi’jufuce. The poets feign, that in the golden age 
+ihe descended from heaven to the earth ; and, being 
+offended at lafl by the wickednefs of mankind, 
+2 (lie returned to heaven again, after all the other 
+iQods had gone before her. 
+
+She is often dire&ly called by the name of fuf- 
+■tiiia , as particularly by a Virgil. And when Ihe 
+had returned into heaven again, ihe was placed 
+[where we now fee the conilellation b Virgo. 
+
+The parents of Netnefis were c Jupiter and Ne- 
+ceflity, or, according to others, INfox and Oceanus. 
+She was the Goddefs that rewarded virtue and pu- 
+nifhed vice ; and flic taught men their duty ; fo 
+that fixe received her name d from the diflribution 
+that fixe made to every body. Jupiter enjoyed her, 
+as the ftory fays, in the ihape of a goofe 5 c after 
+which fhe brought forth an egg, which ihe gave to 
+a ihepherd whom file met, to be carried to Leda, 
+
+I Leda 
+
+
+x Hcliod. in Thcogon. y Jufi.it ire antiftita. 
+
+2 “ Viet a j.icet pictas, Sc vivgo cade madentes 
+“ Ultima ('cclcltum terras Aflrsea reliquit.” 
+
+A:1 duty d : es, and weary M Juilice flies 
+
+From bloody earth at lait, and mounts the flues. 
+
+a-extrema per illos * 
+
+“ Jidtitia excedens terris vefligia fecit.” Virg. Georg. 1. 2 . 
+Juilice lait took her flight from lienee : and here 
+Ihe prints of her departing fleps -appear, 
+t) lsocc.it, 1. 4 . General. Dcor. c Paufan. in Arcade 
+
+** Awo ro&> ixcc$-u izs , tyty-y,<n6i; a diftributione quae unicuique fit. 
+de Legibus Dial. e Apollodor* EibKoth. lib. 
+
+
+♦ 
+
+v" 
+
+
+
+194 Of tf Je Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+Leda laid up the egg in a box ; and Helena was 
+foon after produced of that egg. But others give 
+us quite different accounts of the matter. 
+Romans certainly facrificed to this Goddefs when 
+they went to war 5 whereby they fignilied that 
+they never took up arms unlefs in a juft caufe. 
+She is called by another name, Adra/Lca , front 
+Adraflus a king of the Argives, who firft bui’* 
+altar to her ; or perhaps from the * difficult jf 
+efcaping from her ; becaufe no guilty perfon can 
+flee from the punimment due to his crime, though 
+fometimes juftice overtakes him late : iiie has in¬ 
+deed s wings, but does not always ufe them ; but 
+then h the flower her foot is, the harder is her 
+hand. 
+
+Rhamnvjia is another name of this God cl eh, 
+from Rhamnus, a town in * Attica, where [he hrd 
+a temple ; in which there was a flatue cf in r, 
+made of one ftone, ten cubits high : fhe holds the 
+bough of an apple tree in her hand, and has a 
+crown upon her head, in which many images of 
+deer were engraven. 1 She had alfo a wheel, 
+which denotes her fwiftnefs to punifh. 
+
+C H A P. 
+
+
+f Ab a non. Sc 'hitpa./TKu fugio, quod videlicet nemo n.ocens cilu 
+gore queat poenam fuis fcclcribus debitam. 
+g Paufan. in Atticis. 
+
+h “ Ad fcelcrum poenas ultrix venit ira tonantis, 
+
+1,1 Hoc graviore maim, quo graviore pede.” 
+
+Vengeance divine to punith fins moves flow ; 
+
+The flower is its pace, the lurer is its blow. 
+
+2 Strabo in Atticis, 1 . 9. 
+
+I Scd Dea, qnce nitidis oh fiat Rhamnufia voti?, 
+
+“ Ingcmuit, flexitque rota*n.- Chiudian. 
+
+The avenging Cod dels, t’ o*r defires unbent,. 
+
+JFiift groan’d, then turn’d her wheel. 
+
+
+6 
+
+
+PI xvx. 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
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+
+
+
+
+
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+
+
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+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
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+
+
+
+
+
+
+
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+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens 
+
+
+*95 
+
+
+CHAP. XI. 
+
+
+Sect. I. The Gods of the Woods , and the Ru¬ 
+ral Gods . Firjf Pan. His Names . 
+
+
+w 
+
+
+E, are now come into the fecond part of the 
+right-hand wall, which exhibits the images 
+of the Gods and Goddeiles of the woods. Here you 
+may fee the Gods Pan, Sylvauus ; and the Fauni, 
+Satyri, Silenus, Priapus, Ariilasus, and Terminus. 
+
+And there you fee the Goddeftes Diana, Pales, 
+Flora, Fcronia, Pomona, and an innumerable com¬ 
+pany of Nymphs. 
+
+1 P. What Gods do yo.u fhew me ? Do you call 
+thofc cornuted monflcrs Gods ; who are half men 
+ami half beafls, hairy and ''baggy, with goats feet 
+and ijorfes* tails ? 
+
+M. Why not ? fince they have attained to that 
+honour. Fir ft, let us examine the prince of them 
+all, Pan. 
+
+Pan is called by that name, either, as fome tell 
+us, m beeaufe he was the fon of Penelope by all her 
+wooers: or n beeaufe he exhilarated the minds of 
+all the Gods with the mufic of the pipe, which he 
+invented ; and by the harmony of the cittern upen 
+which he played lkilfully as foon as he was born : 
+or perhaps he is called Pan, o beeaufe he governs 
+~ s of the univerfal world by his mind, as 
+ie reprefents it by his body, as we lhall fee by and 
+>ye. 
+
+The Latins called him limns and Incubus , the 
+
+k ht mare; p beeaufe he ufes carnality with all 
+•'features. 
+
+
+I 2 
+
+
+And 
+
+
+P Slav omne, quo* :x omu.mm piocorum con^reflu cum Pc - 
+IC ' J ‘ r natus Samiu . ;» dome:. in Hymn. o Phui nutiiiti 
+
+f Abineundo patiim cum omnibus animalibus. Serv. in yF.>: , 
+
+
+
+190 Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+And at Rome he was worfhipped, q and called 
+Jape reus and Lyceus . To his honour a temple was 
+built at the foot of the Palatine hill ; and feftivab 
+called Lupercalia were inflituted, in which his 
+priefts the Luperci ran about the city naked. 
+
+Sect. II. fhe Defcent of Pan . 
+
+H IS defcent is uncertain ; but the common 
+
+opinion is, that he was born of Mercury 
+and Penelope, r For when Mercury fell violently 
+in love with her, and tried in vain to move her, at 
+lafl, by changing himfelf into a very white goat, 
+he obtained his delire, and begat Pan of her, when 
+fhe kept the Iheep of her father Icarius in the mount 
+Taygetus. Pan, after he was born, s was lapt up 
+in the fkin of a hare, and carried to heaven. But 
+why do I here detain you with words ? Look at 
+his image. 
+
+Sect. III. fhe I??iage of Pan . 
+
+. TS that Pan ? t that horned half-goat, that rc- 
+fembles a bealt rather than a man, much lefs 
+a God ; whom I fee deferibed with a fmiling ruddy 
+face, and two horns ; his beard comes down to hi: 
+brea/t; his /kin is fpotted, and his legs and thigh 
+covered with long hair; he has the tail and the fee: 
+of a goat ; his head is crowned ; and he holds 
+crooked Half in one hand, and in the other a pip 
+of uneven reeds, with the mu/ic of which he can 
+cheer even the Gods themfelves. O ridiculou 
+Deity ! fit only to terrify boys ! 
+
+M. Believe me, he has frighted the men too 
+For when the Gauls, under Brennus their leader, 
+made an irruption into Greece, and were juftahoui 
+to plunder the city of Delphos, Pan in the nigfo 
+
+fright 
+
+
+P 
+
+
+q Judin, L 43. 
+
+5 Homer in Hvmn. 
+
+
+r Hefiocl in Euterpe, 
+t Lucian in Bacch. 
+
+
+*97 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+frightened them f o much, that they all betook 
+theinklves to flight when nobody, purfued them, 
+Whence we proverbially fay, that men are in u pa - 
+
+
+f., 
+
+
+nicjairs , when we fee them affrighted without a 
+
+caufe. 
+
+Mow hear what the image of Pan flgnifles. Pan, 
+thcv fay, is a fymbol of the univerfal world, as I 
+intimated before : v in his upper part he refembles 
+a man, in his lower part a beaft, becaufe the fu- 
+perior and celeilial part of the world is beautiful, 
+radiant, and glorious ; as is the face of this God, 
+whole horns refemble the rays of the fun and the 
+horns of the moon. The rednefs of his face is like 
+the fplcndour of the iky ; and the fpotted fkin that 
+he wears is an image of the fliarry firmament. In 
+his lower parts he is ihaggy and deformed ; which 
+reprefents the ihrubs, and wild beaffs, and trees 
+of the earth below* His goat’s feet fignify the fo- 
+liditj of the earth ; and his pipe of feven reeds, 
+that ccleffial harmony which is made by the feven 
+planets. He has a fliepherd’s hook, crooked at the 
+top, in his hand, which flgnifles the turning of the 
+year into itfclf. 
+
+
+
+Sect. IV . A&iotis qf Pan . 
+
+UT what mean thofe young ladies that 
+_ dance about him ? 
+
+M. They are nymphs who dance to the mufic 
+of his pipe; x which inftrument Pan firff invented. 
+You’ll wonder when you hear the relation which 
+the poets tell us of this pipe ; viz. y as oft as Pan 
+blows it, the dugs of the iheep are filled with milk. 
+
+I 3 For 
+
+
+u Tcrrorcs Panici eoriirn funt qui fine caufa perterrentur. Pau- 
+fanias, Plutarchus. v Servius in Eclog. i. 
+
+
+x “ Pan primus calamos cera coniunpcre plures 
+
+“ Inaituit.” . . . 
+
+Ihn taught to join with wax unequal reeds. 
+
+}' Orpheus in Hymn. Ibicus, Eoet.i Grrecu 
+
+
+Vlrr. Ed. 
+
+
+' » 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+igS 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+
+For he is the God of the fhepherds and hunter^ 
+the captain of- the nymphs, the prefident of the 
+mountains 'and of a country life, and the z guar, 
+dian of the Docks that graze upon the mountains. 
+Although his afpcdl is fo deformed, yet when ht 
+changed liimfelf into a white ram, he plcafed tnd 
+tratihed die moon, a as it is reported : the nymph 
+V,cho fell alfo in love with him, and brought him 
+a daughter named 1 ranges ; who b gave Medea the 
+medicines (they fay) with which hie charmed ji- 
+fon. c He could not but pleafe Dry ope ; to gau 
+whom, he laid ahde, as it were, his divinity, and 
+became a lhcphcrd. But he did not court the 
+nymph Syrinx with fo much fucccfs : for he ran 
+away to avoid fo filth}- a lover ; till coming to a ri¬ 
+ver (where her flight was Hopped), fhe prayed the 
+Naiades, the nymplis of the waters, becanfe Hie 
+could not efcape her purfuer, to change her into a 
+bundle of reeds juft as Pan was laying hold of her, 
+a who therefor3 caught the reeds in his arms iu- 
+Head of her. c The winds moving theft reeds 
+
+back 
+
+
+7. “ Pan curat oves, oviumquc magittros.” Virg. lid. 
+
+Pan loves the fhepherds, and their Hocks he feeds, 
+a “ Munerc fie nivcolar.a:, fi credere dif>n,iim et', 
+
+• k Pan Dcus Arcadia; cuptam tv, Luna, fefclht.** Virg. Geui fa '. •• 
+’Twas thus with ileoces milky white, (if we 
+May trull report) Pan, God of Arcady, 
+
+Did bribe thee, Cynthia ; ncr didft thou difdain, 
+
+When call’d in woody (hades, to cr.fe a lovers pain, 
+b Thenstct. Poeta Gipjcus. c Homer, in Hymn, 
+
+d “ Hie fe lr.utarent liquidas orafle furores: 
+
+“ Pannque cum prenfam libi jam Syrt.iga put arc t* 
+
+“ Gorpore pro nymphee calamos trivific paluftres.” Met. 1 . 1 , 
+When, that (he might avoid a luttful rape, i 
+
+She bogg’d her fitter nymphs to change her fiiapc; 
+
+Pan thought h’ had hugg’d his mitt refs, when indeed 
+He only hugg’d a trufs of mocrifli rccd. 
+c ‘* Dmnque jbi fufpirat, motos in ajundine venlos 
+vk Jtffecitte iQnum tenuem fiaulcmque querenti. 
+
+
+C! .\ 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 199 
+
+Backward and forward occalioned mournful but 
+mufical founds ; which Pan perceiving, cut them 
+dovvn, and made them reeden pipes. But f Lucre- 
+tins afcribes the invention of thefe pipes, .not to 
+Pan, but to fome countrymen, who had obferved 
+o;i Pome other occalion the whittling of the wind 
+through reeds. In the facrihces of this God s they 
+offered to him milk and honey in a ttiepherd's- 
+bottle. He was more efpecially wor/liipped in Ar¬ 
+cadia ; for which reafon he is fo often called 11 Pan 
+
+Dais Arcadia . 
+
+Some derive from him i Hifpania, Spain, for¬ 
+merly called Iberia ; for he lived there when he 
+returned from the Indian war, to which lie went 
+vdth Bacchus and the Satyrs, 
+
+
+14 
+
+
+CHAP, 
+
+
+Arte nova voeifque Deum dulcedine captum 
+*' Hoc mi hi concilium tecum, dixiife, manebit ; 
+
+“ Atque ita dilparibus caiamis compagine ceric 
+“ Inter *c juncUs nomen tenuille pueilre/’ 
+
+He fl;dis ; his fighs the tolling reeds return 
+
+l-i loit tmall notes, like one that Teem’d to mourn 
+
+The new hut plealaut notes the Gods furprife ; 
+
+Vet this fliail make us friends at lull, he cries : 
+
+-o he his pipe of reeds unequal fram’d 
+
+With wax; and Syrinx, from his miftrefs nam’d. 
+
+i-“ Zephyri cava per calamorum iibil.i primum 
+
+’• Agreftes docuere cavas, inflare cicutas ; 
+
+“ Inde minutatim dulces didicere querelas. 
+
+Tibia qua$ fundit digitis pullata canentum : 
+
+A\ia per nemora ac iylvas faltufque reperta, 
+u Her loca paftorum defertu, atque otia Dia.” Lucr. 
+
+Anil whilft. Toft ev’ning gales blew o’er the plain*. 
+
+And fliook the founding reeds, they taught the fwams: 
+And thus the pipe was fram’d, and tuneful reed ; 
+
+And while the tender flocks fecurcly feed, 
+
+'The h annlefs fhepherds tun’d their pipes to love. 
+
+And Amaryllis founds in ev’ry grove, 
+g Thcocr. in Viator. h Virg. 3 - Georg. 4 Eel. 
+
+i Lii. Gyr. 
+
+
+
+300 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens, 
+
+C II A P. XII. 
+
+Sylvan us. 
+
+A LTHOUGH many writers confound the Syh 
+
+vani, Fauni, Satyri, and Sileni, with Pan, 
+yet many diftinguiih them ; we will therefore treat 
+•ef them feparately, and begin with Sylvanus. 
+
+That old man is Sylvanus whom you fee placed 
+next to Pan, with the feet of a goat and the k face 
+of a man, of little ihature ; 1 he holds cyprefs in 
+his hand it retched out. He is fo called from Syhec } 
+the woods ; for he prefides over them. in He might¬ 
+ily loved the boy Cypariffus, who had a tame deer 
+.In. v/hich he took great pleafure. Sylvanus by 
+trhance killed it; whereupon the youth died for 
+grief. n Therefore Sylvanus changed him into a 
+cyprefs tree, and carried a branch of it always in 
+his hand, in memory of his lofs. 
+
+There were many other Sylvani, who endeavour¬ 
+ed as much as they could to violate the chaRity of 
+women. St. Auftin fays, ° “ That they and the 
+4 * Fauni (commonly called hicuhi), were often- 
+41 times wicked to women ; defiring and enjoying 
+“ their embraces.” And Varro fays, that they were 
+mifehievous to pregnant women. 
+
+C II A P. 
+
+
+
+jk /Elian. Hift. Varia. 1 Martin, de Nupti.s. 
+
+in Servius in Virg. ./Eneul. ct Georg, 
+n “ Kt tent ram a nulice fere ns, Sylvanc, cupreflum. ” 
+
+
+
+A tender cyprefs plant Sylvanus bears, 
+o lios cum Faunis (quos vulgo Incub os vocant), impiobo* fq't 
+nitbfe mulic l ibus, et earum appetifle et peregifle concubit 
+.iiff. de Civlfite Dei,, 1. x.5. c. 23. 
+
+
+
+201 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens 
+
+CHAP. XIII. 
+
+
+SlLENUS. 
+
+'T’HAT old fellow who follows next, with a flat 
+nofe and a bald head, with large ears, and a 
+finally flat, gore-bellied body, is Silenus ; l'o call¬ 
+ed p from his jocular temper, bccaufe he perpetu- 
+alljjefts upon people. He lits upon a q faddle- 
+backed afs, but when he walks he leans upon a 
+ftafF. He was Bacchus’s fofler-father, his maker, 
+and his perpetual companion ; and confequently rd- 
+moit always drunk, as we find him defcribed r in 
+the flxth eclogue of Virgil. The cup which he 
+snd Bacchus ufed was called Cantharus ; and the 
+kafl with which he fupported himfelf s Firtila : this 
+be ufed when he was.fo drunk, as it often happen¬ 
+ed, that he could not fit on, 1 but fell from bis afs. 
+
+I 5 The 
+
+
+p a?o rn ni eft, dictcria in Jiliqueai dieexe. JEA izn. 3 
+
+Var. Hi(t. c. io. q Pando afello. 
+
+r “ Siienum pueri fornno videre jaccntem, 
+
+" InSlatum licftcrno venas, ut temper, laccho ; 
+
+‘‘ Ssrta procal tanturn capiti dtlapfa iaccbant, 
+
+" gravis attrita pendebat cantharus anfa.” 
+
+——Two tetyrs, on the ground. 
+
+Stretch d at their cafe, their fire Silenus found :■ 
+
+Dos’d with his fumes, and heavy with his load. 
+
+They found him fnoiing in his dark abode ; 
+
+His rofy wreath was dropp’d not long before, 
+
+£orne by the tide of wine, and floating on the floor. 
+
+Ihs empty can, with ears half worn away. 
+
+Was hung on high, to boaft the triumph of the day. 
+
+I “ Quinque fenex ferula titubantes ebrius artus 
+‘ Suftinct, ct pando non fortiter hceret afello.” Ovid. Met.-4* 
+His ftaff does haidiy keep him on his legs ; 
+
+>Vlien mounted on his afs, fee how he fwags. 
+t “ Ebrius ecce fenex pando delapfus afello • 
+
+Clamarunt Satyri, Surge, age, furge, pater. De Art. Am. 
+
+: ! ie Soker’s drunk, front’s afs he’s got a fall 
+daddy, rife, again the Satyrs bawl. 
+
+
+1 
+
+
+
+202 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+
+The Satyrs were not only conflant companion; 
+of Silenus, but were afliftant to him : for they held 
+him in great efteem, and honoured him as their 
+father ; and u when they became old, they weic 
+called Sileni too. And concerning Silenus’s afs, 
+they fay that v he was tranflated into heaven, and 
+placed among the {tars'*, becaule in the Giants wars, 
+Silenus rode on him, and helped Jupiter very much, 
+* But when Silenus was once taken, and aiked 
+achat was the befl thing that ctfiild befal man ? lie, 
+after a long lilence, an five red, “ It is beft for all 
+“ never to be born ; but, being born, to die very 
+vC quickly.” Which exprefiion Pliny reports al- 
+moft in the fame words, y “ There have been ma. 
+ny who have judged it very happy never to have 
+been born, or to die immediately after one’s 
+birth.” 
+
+
+CHAP. XIV. 
+fhe Satyrs. 
+
+B E.HOLD ! z thofe are Satyrs who dance in Inf- 
+civious motions and poftures under the fiiadeof 
+that tall and fpreading oak : they have heads arm¬ 
+ed with horns, and goats feet and legs, crocked 
+hands, rough hairy bodies, and tails not much 
+fliorter than horfes tails. There is no animal in 
+nature more falacious and libidinous than theft 
+Gods. Their a name itfelf Ihews the hlthinefs of 
+their nature: and Paufanias gives a proof of it, by 
+
+relating 
+
+
+u Paufanias in Atticis. v Aratus in Phienomen. 
+
+>: Koo atus qu'ultuirn ejfet hominibus opt imum . s refpomlit, Omn • 
+l us r[l e optimum nofci\ cf juitos qnam citijjime iulerire. Plat. :n; 
+Confoiatione A pul. y Multi ext here qui not: mj'ci of 
+
+to uni conferunt , uut quarn ritijjbue uboleri. Plin. in Praetat. )• ?• 
+z Paufan. in Atticis. a Satyrus derivator- a-rtc, re- 
+
+:: vcrctro. P».fcb. in Prsep, Evunp, ibid. 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathen#. 20$ 
+
+relating a ftory of fome mariners who were drove 
+upon a defart ifland by florin, and faw themfelves 
+furrounded by a flock of Satyrs : the fcamen were 
+frightened, and betook themfelves to their fhips ; 
+and the Satyrs left the men, but they feized the 
+women, and committed all manner of wickednefs 
+
+with them. 
+
+CHAP. XV. 
+
+'T’he Fauns. 
+
+T -HE Fauns, which you fee joined with the Sa¬ 
+tyrs, differ from them in the name only ; at 
+lead they are not unlike them in their looks ; b for 
+they have hoofs and horns, and are c crowned with 
+the branches of the pine. When they meet drunken 
+perfons, they ftupify them (as it is faid) with 
+* their looks alone. The boors of this country call 
+them the c Rural Gods ; and pay them the more 
+refpedl, becaufe they are armed with horns and 
+nails, and painted in terrible fhapes. 
+
+Faunui , or Fatuellus , f was the £on of Picus 
+king of the Latins. s He married his own filler, 
+whole name was Fauna or Fcituclla : he confecrated 
+and made her prieflefs, after which fhe had the 
+gift of prophecy. Hiftory likewife tells us, * that 
+this Faunus was the father and j^rince of the other 
+Fauns and the Satyrs. h His name was given him 
+from his fkill in prophefying ; and from thence al- 
+fo Fatus fignifies both perfons that fpeak rafhly 
+and incorifideratelfy and enthufiqfts : becaufe they 
+
+I 6 who 
+
+~~ - 1 * “ M “- ‘ - - -- - 1 • i ■ — 
+
+b Ovid. Faftorum 2. c Idem in Epiffola Oenones. 
+
+tl Idem in Epiftola Phedras. e Dii Agreftes. Virgil, 
+
+Georg, i. f Servius 7, iEneid 6 . g Nat. Comes, lib. 5, 
+
+b Faunus cUcitur a fatale feu vaticinando. Ser. ^Sccid *7. IfzcL 
+Hi ip. Epifcopuc. 
+
+
+20 4 the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+who prophefy, deliver the mind and will of an- 
+other, and fpeak things which they often do not 
+under ft and. 
+
+
+CHAP. XVI. 
+
+Priapus. 
+
+p. TJX A r What means that naked G-od with 
+| | his fickle, behind the trunk of the tree ? 
+
+why does he hide the half of his body fo ? 
+
+M. The painter was modeft, and therefore paint¬ 
+ed but half of him, becaufe he is a ftiamelefs and 
+obfeene deity : his name is Priapus . I am attain¬ 
+ed to tell the ftory of him, it is fo very filthy; 
+and therefore I fhall fay only that he was the fon 
+of Venus and Bacchus, born at Lampfacus ; where 
+his mother, hating his deformity, and the difpro- 
+portion of his members, rejected him. Yet he 
+pleafed the women of Lampfacus fo well, that 
+their hufbands banifhed him from the city, till 
+by the oracle’s command he was recalled, and 
+made God of the gardens, and crowned with gar¬ 
+den herbs. He carries a fickle in his hand, to 
+cut off from the trees all fuperfluous boughs, and 
+to drive away thieves, and beafts, and mifehie- 
+yous birds ; from whence he is called Avijlupor . 
+Therefore his image is ufually placed in gardens; 
+as we may learn from 1 Tibullus, k Virgil, and 
+
+Horace. 
+
+
+d “ Promofifque rubor cuftos ponatur n hortis 
+4 ‘ Arceat ut fseva falce Priapus aves.” 
+
+With th’ fwarthy guardian God our orchards grace, 
+
+With this ftiff fickle he the birds will chace. 
+k “ Et cuftos. fnrum atque avium cum falce faligna 
+*+ Hellefpontiaci fervet tutela Priapi.” Georg. J. 4 
+
+Befides the God obfeene, who frights away. 
+
+With his lath fword, the thieves and birds of prey. 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+
+20 5 
+
+
+ft 
+
+
+1 Horace. He is called Hc!lefp07itiacus by the poets ; 
+becaufe the city of Lainpfacus, where he was borrr, 
+was fituated upon the Hellefpont. All agree that he 
+was very deformed; and they fay that this was the 
+occaiion of the deformity of this God : When Juno 
+faw Venus was big with child, /lie was jealous ; 
+nd therefore, under pretence of affifting her in 
+her labour, fhe fpitefully mifufed her, fo that the 
+young child was fpoiled and deformed ; and from 
+jii< deformity called Priapus , Phallus , and Fafci- 
+num ; all which three names favour of obfeenity; 
+though by fome m he is called Bonus Hec?non , or Ge» 
+rsiLs. Indeed Juno’s touch was not neceffary to 
+make the child monflrous; for can any beautiful 
+offspring be expected from a fot and a courtefan ? 
+
+
+CHAP. XVII. 
+
+Arist^eus. 
+
+I T E is called Hr\/lceus whom you fee bulled in 
+that nurfery of olives, fupporting and im¬ 
+proving the trees. He is employed in drawing oil 
+from the olive, which art he firfl invented. He 
+alfo found out the ufe of honey, and therefore you 
+fee fome rows of bee-hives near him. n For which 
+two profitable inventions the ancients paid him di¬ 
+vine honours. 
+
+He was other wife called Nomius and Hgraus, and£ 
+
+was* 
+
+
+1 “ Olim truncus eram ficulnus, inutile lignum, 
+
+“ Cum fuber inccrtus fcamnum faceretne Priapurrr, 
+
+“ Maluit eife Deum. JDeus inde ego furum aviumque 
+*' Maxima formido.’* Hot. Sat. 
+
+Till artifts doubting, which the log was good 
+For, ftool or God ; refolv’d to make a God ; 
+
+So I was made ; my form the log receives ; 
+
+A mighty terror I to birds and thfeves* 
+
+Vide Phurautium. n Paufanias iifAr cadre i.*» 
+
+
+206 Of the Cods of the Heathens . 
+
+was the fon of ° Apollo by Cyrene, or, as Cicero 
+fays, the fon of Liber Pater, educated by the 
+Nymphs, and taught by them the art of making 
+oil, honey, and cheefe. He fell in love with Eu- 
+rydice the wife of Orpheus, and purfued her into a 
+wood, where a ferpent flung her to death. The 
+Nymphs hated him fo much for this, that they de- 
+flroyed all his bees, to revenge the death of Eury¬ 
+dice. This lofs was exceedingly deplored by him; 
+and afking his mother’s advice, he was told by the 
+oracle, that he ought by facrifices to appeafe Eu- 
+rydice. Wherefore he facrihced to her four bulls 
+and four heifers, and his lefs was fupplied ; fur 
+ftiddenly a fvvarm of bees burfl forth from the car- 
+cafes of the bulls. 
+
+
+CHAP. XVIII. 
+
+Terminus., 
+
+jP. T> UT pray what is that ftone, or log, placed 
+
+there ? It is fo far off that I cannot diftiu- 
+guifh whether, of the two it is. 
+
+M. It has a place among the rural Gods, be- 
+oaufe it is a God itfelf* 
+
+i J . A God, do you fay ? Surely you jeft, Sir. 
+M.. No , it is not only a God, but a God 
+greatly honoured in this city of Rome. They 
+tall him minus, and the boundaries and limits 
+of mens eftates are under his protection. His 
+name, and the divine honours paid to him by the 
+ancients, are mentioned by p Ovid, by Tibul¬ 
+lus s 
+
+
+o Apollonius in Vcrron, I. 6 . 
+
+p “ Termine, five lapis, five es defertus in agro 
+“ Stipes ab antiquis t li quoque nomen babes.” 
+Terminus, whether flump or ftone thou he. 
+
+The azxclents gave a Godhead too to thee. 
+
+
+Ovid. F.ift. '< 
+
+
+pi.xx: 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Hcathe?ts . 207 
+
+las % and Seneca r . The flatue of this God 
+i was either a fquare ftone, or a log of wood plain¬ 
+ed; which they ufually perfumed with ointment, 
+and crowned with garlands. 
+
+Aftd indeed the Lapides Terminales (that is-, 
+land-marks) were efteerned facred : 1 fo that who¬ 
+ever dared to move, or plough up, or transfer them 
+to another place, his head became devoted to the 
+Diis Terminalibus, and it was lawful for any bo¬ 
+dy to kill him. 
+
+And further, though they did not facrifice the 
+lives of animals to thole Hones, becaufe they 
+thought it was not lawful to ftain them with blood, 
+yet they offered wafers made of flour to them, and 
+the firfl-fruits of corn r and the like : and upon the 
+laft day of the year they always offered ieffivals to> 
+their honour, called ‘ Terminalui. 
+
+Now we pafs to the GoddefTes of the woods* 
+
+
+G H A P. XIX. 
+
+'The Goddefs of the Woods.. Diana. 
+
+P. TT is very well. Here comes a Goddefs u taller 
+A than the other GoddefTes, in whefe virgin- 
+looks we may eafe our eyes, which have been tired 
+with the horrid fight of thofe monflrous Deities. 
+Welcome,. Diana ; v your hunting habit, the bow 
+
+151 : 
+
+
+} 
+
+
+q “ Nam veneror, lea ftipcs habet clefcrtus in agris, 
+
+“ .‘j'eii \ctus in tnviis liorida lerta lapis.” 
+
+For I my adoration freely give. 
+
+Whether a Hump forlorn my vows receive, 
+
+Oi a befiower’d llone my worfnip have. 
+
+r “-Ntillus in campo facer 
+
+l< Divifit agios arbiter populis lapis.” Hippol. Adt. 
+
+The facred land -mark then was quite unkrov. n. 
+s Arnobius c- ntr.i gentes, 1 . 1- Clemens A .c.\. Str mi. 7, 
+t Dion. Ikdicarn. 1 , 2, n Virgil. AZneid. 1 . X. 
+
+v Idem. ibid. 
+
+
+
+:2o8 Of the Gods of the Heathens• 
+
+in youf hand, and the quiver full of arrows which 
+hangs down from your fhoulders, and the lkin of a 
+cleer faftened to your breaft, difeover who you are, 
+x Your behaviour, which, is free and eafy, but mo- 
+deft and decent; your garments, which are hand- 
+fome, and yet carelefs, fhew that you are a virgin. 
+Your y name fliews your modefty and honour. I 
+*wifh that you who are the talleft of the Goddtfles, 
+z to whom women owe their ftature, would im¬ 
+plant in them alfo a love of your chaftity. For I 
+know you hate, you abhor, the converfation of 
+men, and fly from the very light of them. Yet re- 
+je£t the temptations of delight, and abhor the 
+charming witchcraft of pleafurewith all your heart. 
+
+Adtaeon, the fon of Ariftceus, that famous* huntf. 
+man, a fatally learned this, when he imprudently 
+looked upon you when, you were naked in the 
+fountain : you deferred not the punifhment of his 
+impurity for a moment ; for fprinkiing him with 
+the water, you changed him into a deer, to be af¬ 
+terwards torn in pieces by his own dogs. 
+
+Farther honour is due to you, becaufe you are 
+the moon, b the glory of the ftars, and the only 
+Goddefs c who obferved perpetual chaftity. 
+
+Nor am I ignorant of that famous and defervir.g 
+action which you did to avoid the flames of Ai- 
+pheus, d when you haflily fled to your nymphs, 
+who were all together in one place, and befmeared 
+both yourfelf and them -with dirt, fo that when he 
+came he did not know you ; whereby your honeft 
+
+deceit 
+
+
+x Paufan. in Arcadicis. y "Agr/p/s, ab ccgrtfivs perfc&us, 
+
+pitdicitiam intcgritatemque Dianse indicat. Strabo, i. 14. 
+z Homer. OdyiT. 20. a Ovid. 4 Metam. 
+
+b Aftrorum decus. Virg. ^ELneid. 9. 
+c “ Sternum telorum Si. virginitatis amorem 
+
+Intemerata colit.” Virg. uEneid, n 
+
+-Herfelf untainted (till, k 
+
+Hunting and chaftity fhe always lov’d, 
+d Paufauias ip Pofter. £liac« 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 209 
+
+deceit fucceeded according to your intentions ; and 
+the dirt, which fouls every thing elfe, added a new 
+lu/he to your virtue. Welcome once again, O d guar¬ 
+dian of the mountains ! by whofe kind afiiftance 
+women in child-bed are preferved from death. 
+
+M. So ! Palaeophilus, you have thus long cheat¬ 
+ed me ? 
+
+P. What, I cheated you ? 
+
+M. Yes, you ; you have fo dexteroufly conceal¬ 
+ed your knowledge, and endeavoured to make me 
+believe fo long that you are ignorant and tinfkilful 
+in the mythology of the heathens. 
+
+p. I am as unfkilful as I pretended. You may 
+believe me, when 1 fwear that I am altogether ig¬ 
+norant of thefe things that you teach me. Nor can 
+you fuppofe otherwife, from thofe things which 1 
+now repeat about Diana ; for, from a boy, I have 
+loved this Goddefs for her modefty; and out of re- 
+fpecc to her I learnt thofe few things which you 
+heard me fpeak. I am wholly blind, and beg that 
+by your afiiftance you would guide me. I fpeak 
+fincerely, I am a mere frelli man. 
+
+M. You can fcarce make me believe fo. But, 
+however, I will verify the old proverb, f and teach 
+one that knows more than myfclf. I will begin 
+frern the word you lad mentioned. 
+
+Diana is called £ I’rlformis and Tei'gsnihia . Fird, 
+bee a ufe though die is but one Goddefs, yet fhe 
+hath three different names, as well as three differ¬ 
+
+
+ent oflic 
+
+
+
+in the heavens, die is called Luna ; on 
+
+
+
+c “ Monlium cuftos, ncmoramque Virgo, 
+Qjire laborantes utcro paellas 
+i'ur vocata audis adimilque let ho 
+
+“ Diva triformis.” 
+
+
+Qjic-cji of ilii? mountains and the groves ! 
+iioic hand the teeming pain removes, 
+i'Ofe aid the tick and weak implore, 
+
+A -‘‘d thrice invoke thy threefold power. 
+
+**ii> Mim rvam. g Cicero de Nat. Deor. 
+
+
+Hor. Carm. 1. 
+
+
+
+
+
+2 IQ Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+the earth, (lie is named Diana : and, in hell, fhe U 
+ftyled Hecate , or Frofcrpina. In the heavens, ih e 
+enlightens every thing by her rays ; on the earth, 
+flie keeps under her power all wild beads by her 
+bow and her dart ; and in hell, lie keeps all the 
+ghofes and fpirits in fubjeclion to her by her power 
+and authority. Thefe feveral names and offices are 
+comprifcd in one ingenious 11 diftich. But although 
+Luna, Diana, and Hecate 9 are commonly thought 
+to be only three different names of the fame God. 
+defs, yet 1 Helio cl eflccms them three dill in cl Gi ii- 
+deifes. Secondly, becaufe ihe has, as the poets fur, 
+three heads; the head of a horle on the right iide, 
+of a clog on the left, and a human head in the 
+midfl: whence fome call her k thne-hcaded, or the - 
+faced. And 1 others aferibe to her the likenef of 
+a bull, a dog, and a lion. m Virgil and n Claud.an 
+alfo mention her three countenances. Thirdly, ac¬ 
+cording to the opinion of fome, flic is called trifiv* 
+mis, ° bacaufo the moon hath three feveral phaks 
+or fhapes : the new moon appears arched round 
+with a circle of light ; the half-moon fills a fciui. 
+circle with light ; and the full moon fills a whole 
+circle or orb with its fplendo»;r. But let us era- 
+mine thefe names more exa£lly. 
+
+
+li “ Terret, luflrat, agit ; Proferpina, Luna, Diana; 
+
+“ Ima, fuprema, feras; iccptro, l'ulgore, fa dtta,” 
+
+Demplter. in Pural.r. 
+
+i Orpheus in Argon. k Tgi<rcx:<pct\o‘j 'rgitrQcruv'av, Cnnul. 
+
+Artemldor. z. Oneirocr. 1 Porph. ap. Ger. 
+
+m “ Tercentwm tonat ore Deos, Erebumque, Chaofquc, 
+
+“ Tergemioique Hecatcm, tria virginis ora Diane--’' 
+
+Night, Erebus, and Chaos, Ihe proclaims. 
+
+And threefold Hecate, with her hundred names. 
+
+And three Dianas. 
+
+n “ Ecce procul ternis, Hecate variata, figuris.” 
+
+Behold far off the Goddefs Hecate 
+In threefold Hi ape advances—— 
+o An. Li I. Oyr 
+
+
+Of the Gc-ds o f the Heathens . 
+
+
+•212 
+
+
+She is named Luna, r from fhining ; either be- 
+caufe ilie only in the night-time fends forth a glo¬ 
+rious light ; or elfe becaufe (he (Lines by borrowed 
+light, and not by her own, and therefore the light 
+with which flic ihincs is always q new lirht. Iler 
+
+• i 
+
+chariot is drawn with a white and black horfc, or 
+with two oxen, becaufc Hie has got two horns : 
+ibnetimes a mule is added, f.iys Feftus, becaufe 
+li e is barren, and ihincs by the light of the fun. 
+Some fay that Lunre of both foxes have been \vor~ 
+jhipped, efpecially among die Egyptians ; and in¬ 
+deed they give this property to all the other Gods. 
+Thus both Lunus and Luna were worfhipped ; but 
+with this difference, that thofe who worfhipped 
+Lima were thought fubject to the women, and thofe 
+who worfhipped Lunus were fuperior to them. 
+r Wc mud aifo obferve, that the men lacrificed to 
+Venus under the name of Luna , in women’s clothes, 
+and the women in men’s clothes. 
+
+This Luna had a gallant who was named Eudy- 
+vnou, and he was mightily courted by her ; s info- 
+much that, to kifs him, fhe defeended out of hea¬ 
+ven, and came to the mountain of Latrnus, or La- 
+thynius, in Caria ; where he lay condemned to an 
+ettrnal fleep by Jupiter, becaufe, when he was 
+ta.'ien into heaven, he impudently attempted to vi¬ 
+olate the modcfly of Juno. In reality, Endymioxi 
+mas a famous allronomer, who firfl deferibed the 
+courfe of the moon ; and he is reprefeiited fleep- 
+uig, bccaufe he contemplated nothing but the pla¬ 
+netary motions. 
+
+Hecate may be derived from \^Heathen\ 
+
+en:inus ; 
+
+
+p A lucendo, quod una fit qua? notftu Iucet. Cic. 2. de > atv 
+he or. 2. vc I. 
+
+<1 Quod luce aliena fplendeat, unde Grasce dicitur 'Stkwn a creXsc-? 
+>: ‘ v j eft, lumen novum. Id. Ibid. 
+
+1 Servius in Jlsnekl 2. Philocr. Spartian. in Imp. Caracal. 
+
+^ A poll. Argonaut. 4. Plin. 1. 2. c. p. 
+
+
+1 
+
+
+
+212 Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+e minus ; becaufe the moon darts her rays or arrows 
+afar off. c She is faid to he the daughter of Ceres 
+by Jupiter ; who being caff out by her mother, 
+and cxpofed in the ffreets, was taken up by ilwp- 
+herds and nonrifhcd bv them : for which reafon u 
+ffie was worfhipped in the ffreets, and her ffatiie 
+was ufually fet before the doors of the houfes; 
+whence fhe took the name Propyfcca. Others de- 
+rive her name from [ Hckuton ], centum: be¬ 
+
+caufe they facriliced a hundred victims to her : v or 
+becaufe, by her edift, thofe who die and are not 
+buried, wander an hundred years up and down 
+hell. However, it is certain lhe is called TWscb, 
+a triviis , from the ffreets ; for lhe was believed to 
+prefide over the ffreets and ways, fo that they fa- 
+crificed to her in the ffreets ; x and the Athenians 
+^every new moon made a fumptuous fupper for her 
+there, which was eaten in the night by the poor 
+people of the city. y They fay that fhe was ex- 
+ceffive tall; her head was covered with frightful 
+fnakes inftead of hair, and her feet were like fer- 
+pents. 2 She was reprefented encompaffed with 
+dogs, becaufe that animal was facred to her ; and 
+Hefychius fays, that lhe was fometimes reprefent¬ 
+ed by a dog. We are told that fhe prefkled over 
+enchantments ; and that a when fire was called fe- 
+ven times, fhe came to the facriffces : as foon as 
+thefe were finifhed, fa feveral apparitions appeared, 
+called from her Hceatara . 
+
+She was called by the Egyptians c Buhaflis ; her 
+feafts were named Buh after a ; and the city where 
+
+they were yearly celebrated was called Bub afts. 
+
+Brum 
+
+t Hcfiod. in Theorem. 
+
+. « • • • . 
+u “ Nocturniique Hecate triviis ululata per urbes.” ;<•; 
+
+And Kccate by night ador’d with fliricks. 
+
+v Paufau in Atticis. x Ariftophanes in Pluto. 
+
+y la. dan. Pfcudoph. z Apnd Gyrald. Apollin. 
+
+h Argonaut. b Ovid. 9 c Apollin 3 Argon 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 21 3 
+
+Srlmo is another of the names of Hecate and Dz- 
+0 na s which is derived from d the cry, which fhe 
+gave when Hpolio or Mai's offered violence to her 
+when fhe was a hunting. 
+
+She was called Lticina and Opts, becaufe c fhe 
+helps to bring the children into the world, which 
+good office (as they fay) fhe firfl performed to her 
+brother 4 polio : for as foon as fhe herfelf was born, 
+/lie a/Med her mother Latona , and did the office of 
+a midwife ; f but was fo affrighted with her mo¬ 
+ther’s pain, that fhe refolved never to have chil¬ 
+dren, but to live a perpetual virgin. 
+
+She is called Chitone and Chitonia , 5 becaufe wo¬ 
+men after child-birth ufed firfl to facrihce to Juno , 
+and then offer to Diana their own and their chil¬ 
+drens clothes. 
+
+She was named Diftynna , not only from the h nets 
+which fhe ufed, i (for fhe was an huntrefs, and the 
+princcfs of hunters ; for which reafon all woods 
+were dedicated to her,) but alfo becaufe k Britomar - 
+tis the virgin, whom flic hunted, fell into the Nets, 
+and vowed, if fhe efcaped, to build a temple for Di- 
+cnu. She did efcape, and then confecrated a tem¬ 
+ple to Diana Diety 1171a . Others relate the ftory 
+thus : When Britomar tis , whom Diana loved be¬ 
+caufe fhe was an huntrefs, fled from Minos her 
+lover, and call herfelf into the fea j fhe fell into the 
+filler-mens nets, and Diana made her a Goddcfs. 
+And fince we are talking of hunting, give me leave 
+to add, that the 1 ancients thought that Diana left 
+
+off 
+
+
+cl A Bptftxv, fremo, ira exardefro. e Quod infantibus'm 
+
+* :cem venientibus opem feral:. Aug. de Civitat. 4. c. 1. 
+
+1 Callitnrich. Hymn, in Dian. g ^ireSvfj, quail tunicata, a 
+
+7 /rwy > tunica ; folcbant enim feeminaj partus laboribus pcrfunclse 
+.1 un°nt facrificare ; fuas autcin &. infanuum veiles Dianas conie- 
+cr, : r( j. Synip, c. ult. h Ketia enim %tK.ruc& y dicuntur. 
+
+1 5 vid * plac. k Schol. Ariftoph. 
+
+•bro-Jams in Anthol. cx Schol. Pindari. 
+
+
+<214 Of rf je Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+©if hunting on the ides of Auguft : therefore u\- 
+that time it was not lawful for anyone to hunt; but 
+they crowned the dogs with garlands, and, by the 
+light of torches made of Hubble, they hung up the 
+hunting inftruments near them. 
+
+We ihall only adjoin to what has been fiivL the 
+two ftories of Chione and Meleager. 
+
+Chione was the daughter of Djedaliou, the fon 
+©f Daedalus : Hie was deflowered by Apollo and 
+Mercury, and brought forth twins, namcl r Vh:lam- 
+men, a Ikilful muiician, the fon of Apoito ; ard 
+Autolyclius the fon of Mercury, who proved a fa¬ 
+mous * n juggler and an artful thief. She was fo far 
+from thinking this a Hiame, that Hie grew very 
+proud ; nay, openly boalfed, n that her beauty had 
+charmed two Gods, and that Hie had two fon; by 
+them. Beiides, Hie was ° fo bold as to fpeak fcorn- 
+fully of Diana’s beauty, and to prefer herlVlt be¬ 
+fore her : but Diana punifhed the infolence oi tmb 
+boaHer : for Hie fnot an arrow through her tongue, 
+and thereby put her to filence. 
+
+Me- 
+
+
+m “-Furtum ingeniofus ad orrmc, 
+
+“ i’.* r erc afiuerat, patriae non degener artis. 
+
+“ (.'.anulda tie nigris,. St de candentibus atra.” Ovid. Mel. II 
+Cunning in theft, and wily in all flights, 
+
+"Who-could with fubtilty deceive the fight. 
+
+Convert:nr white to black, and black to white. 
+
+n “-Sc uepcrilVc duos, 6c diis placuifie duobus. 
+
+That (he two Jons had brought, by having pleas’d two Gods. 
+
+© “-Sc prreh. :*re Diana? 
+
+“ .ntinuii, f.icji •:, i .pc dex culpavit. At illi 
+“ Ira it ro:: n’ota ci, fadbifque placabimus, inquit. 
+
+“ Ncc n.Cia, ni'vivit cornu, nervufque lagittain 
+“ \i: no- . n writ am traiccit arundine angiiam.’' 
+
+SI.-: to Dana's J;cr fa c prefer, 
+
+Ai d <i J ?i'’c ho- beauty. W'th a cruel look, 
+
+S. . -As deed Ihall Wgh. us. F.rtkwith took 
+Her bow a c it; winch file It long ly drew, 
+
+A:ui thiougii her guilty tongue the arro.v flew 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens, 215 
+
+Meleager was puniihed for his father P Oeneus’s 
+fault, who, when he offered his firft-fruits to the 
+Godi, wilfully forgot Diana - 7 wherefore ihe was 
+an gry, and font a wild boar into the fields of his 
+kingdom of Caledonia to deftroy them. Meleager, 
+accompanied with many chofen youths, immedi¬ 
+ate!}' undertook eit'-c •• • _> kill this boar or to drive 
+him out of the count /. Tne virgin talantn was 
+am Lf :ig the hunters., and gave the hoar the fir ft 
+v/ound ; and loon after Meleager kkk f him. 1 le 
+vrJu.'d Atalanta more who wound::; him, Man lie 
+liimkli who killed him ; 11 and therefore offered. her 
+the bo ark Ikiu. But the uncles of h_. ulc :gcr were 
+enraged that the hide was given to a ftranger, and 
+violently took it from her 7 whereupon Meleager 
+killed them. As foon as his mother Althaea un- 
+il.'i flood that Meleager had killed her brothers, fhe 
+fought revenge like a mad-wom.in. In Althaea’s 
+dumber was a billet, v\hicli, when Meleager vv.is 
+joru, r the Fates took and threw into the fire ? 
+
+fay- 
+
+
+•< T \ 
+
+
+j) Ovid. Mctam. S. 
+
+<j -£xuvia*, rigidis horrenlia fetis 
+
+*’ Terga flat, u.agnis infig.ca dent.'-:as orn. 
+
+Ii!i iartitia: c/t cmn nnmere inum-n*' smeior, 
+
+“ Invidere alii, totoque erat iigmine mur/mir.” 
+dhen gave the briftled fpoil and ghaflly head 
+^’vith monftrous tufhe? iirmM with terror bred. 
+
+She in the gilt and giver pleafure took. 
+
+All murmur, with prepoAerous envy ftruck. 
+r ’* lcmpora, dixerunt, endem Ijgnoque tibique, 
+
+0 medo nate, damns ; quo poftquam * arininc dicta 
+“ Excc fibre Defe ; fl*’ grantem mate: ii- ne 
+
+“ hnpuit ramum, ipar/itquc iiquem;!:- • s midis ; 
+
+’ Servntufque diu juvenis fervaverat unnos.” 
+
+0 lately born, one pciiod we afiign 
+
+iothee and to tli.- orand ! The charm they weave 
+
+hu° in\ late, and then the chamber leave. 
+
+His mother thatch’d it with a haftv hand 
+
+Out or the fi«ae, and quench’d the burning brand. 
+
+^ in r? n mTV'* .vt 1 nok. o! « !o>*c 
+
+
+ms an imv;: d clo r nt. clo/cl/ lays. 
+rd by meiervirg it prolongs his days. 
+
+
+
+2 lo Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+laying, tne new-born infant fhall live as long as thh 
+flick remains unconfumed. The mother fnatched 
+it out of the fire, and quenched it, and laid it in 
+a clofet. But now moved with rage, fhe goes to 
+her chamber, and fetching the flick, s (be threw it 
+into the fire ; atid as the log burned, Meleager, 
+though abfent, felt fire in his bowels which con- 
+fumed him in the fame manner that the wood was 
+confumed ; and when at lafl the log was quite re¬ 
+duced to allies, and the fire quenched, Meleager at 
+the fame time expired, and turned to duff. 
+
+
+CHAP. XX. 
+
+Pales. 
+
+r j~ 1 HAT old lady which you fee c furroundcd witn 
+fhepherds, is Pales the Goddeis of fhcpherd> 
+and paflures. Some call her Magna Mater , and 
+VcJIa. To this Goddefs they facrihced milk and 
+wafers made of millet, that flie might make the 
+paflures fruitful. They inflituted the feafls called 
+Pal ilia , or Parilia , to her honour, which were 
+obferved upon the eleventh or twelfth day of the 
+kalends of May, by the fhepherds, in the field, on 
+the fame day in which Romulus laid the fourth, 
+tion of the city. Thcfe feafls were celebrated to 
+appeafe this Goddefs, that fhe might drive ava 
+the wolves, and prevent the difeafes incident t 
+cattle. The folemnities obferved in the Palilia 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+feafls were many; the fhepherds placed little heap 
+of flraw in a particular order, and at a certain di 
+
+fiance 
+
+
+“ -Dcxtraquc averfa trementi, 
+
+“ Funercum torrem rnedios coniecit in ienes.’^ 
+
+_ mJ <J 
+
+-With eyes fum’d back, her quaking hand 
+
+To trembling flames expos’d the lV.n’ral brand. 
+
+
+\ Virg. Eclog. 
+
+
+
+Of the Gocls of the Heathens. 21 7 
+
+ihnce, then they danced and leaped over them: 
+then they purified the Iheep and the reft of the cat¬ 
+tle with the fume ofrofemary, laurel, fulphur, and 
+the like; as we learn from Ovid, u who gives a de- 
+feription of thefe rites. 
+
+
+C H A P. 
+
+F L O K A 
+
+
+Sr r 
+
+
+* 
+
+|P. V op need not tell me -who that Goddeft is 
+j|_ v whom I fee adorned with fo much fine¬ 
+ry and gracefulnefs, fo drefied and beautified with 
+[flowers. It is Flora, the Goddefs and prefident of 
+(lowers. Is it not? 
+
+M. It is true, the 'Romans gave her the honour 
+of a Goddefs ; but, in reality, ihe was an infamous 
+ftrumpst, who, by her abominable trade, heaped up 
+a great deal of money, and made the people of 
+Rome her heir. She left a certain fum, the yearly 
+in ter eft of which was appropriated to the games cal¬ 
+led el or ales or Floralia , which were celebrated an¬ 
+nually on her birth-day. But, becanfc this appeared 
+loariclalous, impious, and profane, to the fen ate, 
+p it really was,* they covered tlieir defign, and 
+kvorfiiipped Flora under the title of Goddefs of 
+
+K flowers ; 
+
+I u “ Alma Pales, faveas paftoria fac-ra canenti, 
+
+I “ Profequar officio ii tua facta meo 
+I “ Ccrte ego de virulo cinerem ftipulamque fabalcra 
+I « ** ^ ce P e ta li* lceva, februa tofta, manu, 
+
+I " Certe ego tranlilui poiitas ter in ordine flam mas, 
+
+I u Virgaq*ie rorales laurea miiit .aquas.*’ 
+
+I Pale.', help 5 thy paft’ral ri%2s I dug, 
+j With humble duty mentioning each thing. 
+
+I Allies of calves and bran ft raw oft I’ve held, 
+
+| ”. ,rh burnt purgations in a hand well fill'd 
+I J iirice o’er the liames, in order rang'd, I’ve leap'rf, 
+
+I And hollow dew my laurel twig has dr<r»t- 
+I >’ la ftantius, 1. 1. c. 2 a. 
+
+
+“h uu - s 01 calves and bran It raw oft I’ve hel 
+vVirh burnt purgations in a hand well fillh 
+J iirjce o’er the liames, in order rang'd, T\ 
+
+A « 1 1 1 1 • . _ 03 
+
+
+218 'Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+flowers and pretended that they offered facrifu# to 
+her, that the plants and trees might flouriih. 
+
+Ovid follows the fame fiction; and relates, x that 
+Chloris, an infamous nymph, was married to Ze- 
+phyrus, from whom fhe received the power over ail 
+the flowers. But let us return to Flora and her 
+games. Her image, as we find in Plutarch, was 
+expofed in the temple of Caflor and Pollux, dref- 
+fed in a clofe coat, and holding in her right-hand 
+the flowers of beans and peafe. y For while tliefc 
+fports were celebrated, the officers or aediles, feat- 
+tered beans and other pulfe among the people. Thefe 
+games were proclaimed and begun by found of 
+trumpet, as we find mentioned in z Juvenal. Then 
+the lewd women came forth in public, and fhewed 
+tricks naked. Strange ! that fuch fikhinefs fhouldl 
+be called Flores , and fuch games Flo rail a, I 
+
+CHAP. XXIX. I 
+
+Feronia. I 
+
+T^Eronia, the a Goddefs of the woods, is jufilyl 
+placed near Flora the Goddefs of flowers: fliel 
+is called Feronia, from the care fhe takes in b pro -1 
+ducing and propagating trees. The higher place! 
+is due to her, becaufe fruits are more valuable than! 
+flowers, and trees than fmall and ignoble plants.! 
+It is faid fhe had a grove facred to her under the! 
+mountain Scira&e: this was fet on fire, and the! 
+neighbours were refolved to remove the image ofl 
+
+Feronial 
+
+x Ovid, in Faftis. y Val. Max. 1 . i. c 5. I 
+
+f?-“ Digniflima certe I 
+
+* £ Florali matrona tuba.*’- Juv, Sat. 6 . I 
+
+-A woman worthy, fure I 
+
+Of Flora’s feftal strumpet. I 
+
+a Virg. 7 ^n. b Feronia a ferendis arboribus dids. I 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens * 
+
+
+Zl Q 
+
+
+; er onia from thence, when on a fudden the grove 
+)eca me green again. c Strabo reports, that tliofe 
+iho were infpired by this Ooddefs ufed to walk 
+iare-foot upon burning coals without hurt. Though 
+nan y believed that by the Goddefs Feronia Virtue 
+|- 0 n]y mesnt, by which fruit and flowers were pro¬ 
+ceed. 
+
+
+CHAP. XXIII 
+
+Pomona. 
+
+
+Omona is the Goddefs, the guardian, the pro¬ 
+ficient, not of the d apples only, but of all the 
+[rpit and the produ&s of trees and jDlants. As you 
+'.c file follows after Flora and Feronia in order, 
+i&t in the greatnefs of her merit fhe far furpafles 
+lem; and has a prieft who only ferves her, called 
+lamen Po?no?ialis. 
+
+P, What toothlefs hag is that which is fo obfe- 
+juious to Pomona? 
+
+f M, It is not an old woman, but a God. I do not 
+onder that you are deceived, lince in this difguife 
+e deceived Pomona herfelf. Wlieii fhe was very 
+ufy in looking.after her gardens and orchards with 
+eat care, and was wholly employed in watering 
+dfccuring the roots, and lopping the overgrown 
+anches, c Vertumnus, a principal God among the 
+tomans (called fo becaufe he had power to turn 
+imfelf into what i'hape he pleafed), was in love 
+r ith Pomona, and counterfeited the fhape of an 
+'d grey-headed woman. He f came leaning on a 
+
+K 2 ftaff 
+
+c Georg. 1 . 5. d Pomona a pomis dicitur. 
+
+e ^ eriummxs a vertendo. quod in quas vellet figuras fefe vertcre 
+Rerat. 
+
+J'! Innitens haculo, pofitis per tempora cams.” 
+
+''uh Grcy-hair’d temples, leaning on a 
+
+
+’ On). Met . 14. 
+
+
+k 
+
+azo Of the Gods of the Heat7jc?is> 
+
+ftafF into the gardens, admired the fruit and beauty 
+of them, and, commending her care about them,! 
+he faluted her. He viewed the gardens ; and fror 
+the obfervations which he had. made, he began to 
+difcourfe of marriage, telling her that it would ad 
+to the liappinefs even of a God to have her to wife, 
+Obferve, fays he, the trees which creep up tlii 
+wall: how do the apples and plumbs flrive which 
+ill all excel the other in beauty and colour! where¬ 
+as, if they had not g props or fupports, which, liki 
+hufbands hold them up, they would perifh and de 
+cay. All this did not move her, till Vertumnu; 
+* changed liimfelf into a young man; and then lb 
+began alfo to feel the force and power of love, am 
+fubmitted to his wifhes. 
+
+
+C H AP, 
+
+
+? 44 At fi ftaret, ait, cadebis fine palmite truncus, 
+
+" Nil przeter frondes, quare petcretnr, haberet; 
+
+• 44 Hxc queque, quie junefta vitis requielcit in ulmo, 
+“ Si non juruTa.foret, terrae acclinata jaceret: 
+
+" Tu tamen excmplo non tangeris arboris hujus.” 
+Yet, faith he, if this elm fliould grow alone, 
+
+Krtce.pt for fhade, it would be priz'd by none : 
+
+And fo this vine in am’rous foldings wound, 
+
+If but disjoin’d, would creep upon the ground : 
+Yet art not thou by fuch examples led. 
+
+But flmnn’ft the pleafure bf the bridal bed. 
+
+
+u 
+
+
+4 4 
+
+
+4 1 
+
+
+
+
+*4 
+
+
+44 
+
+
+
+
+In juvencm redditi Sc ai.tiia demit 
+
+
+Inftrumenta libi ; talifque apparuit illi, 
+
+Qualis ubi oppufitas nitidifiima Solis imago 
+Evicit iiubcs, nullaque ob ft ante reluxit, 
+
+Vimque parat, fed vi non eft opus, inque figura 
+Capta Dei Nympha eft. Sc mutua vulncra fen fit; 57 
+\gain liimfelf he grew ; 
+
+
+V J ^ ^ 
+
+Th' infirmities of heatlefs age depos’d. 
+
+And fuch liimfelf unto the nymph difclos’d ; 
+
+As when the fun, fubduing with his rays 
+The muffling cloud, his golden brow difplays. 
+He force prepares ; of force there was no need, 
+Struck with his beauty, mutually they bleed; 
+
+
+
+Of the Gpdj of the Heathens . 
+
+
+mt 
+
+
+CHAP. XXIV. 
+
+fhe Nymphs. 
+
+N OW obferve that great company of neat, 
+pretty, hgndfome, beautiful, charming vir- 
+Igins, who are very near the gardens of Pomona. 
+(Some ran about the woods, and hide themfelves in 
+[the trunks of the aged oaks; fome plunge them- 
+'elves into the fountains, .and fome fwim in the ri¬ 
+vers. They are called by one common name 
+h\ r ymphs 9 k becaufe they always look young, or 
+11 becaufe they are handfome. Yet all have their 
+[proper names befides ; which they derive either from 
+lie places where they live, or the offices they per¬ 
+form : they are efpecially diftributed in three 
+biles, ce left ia l , ter ref rial, and marine Nymphs. 
+
+The celeftial Nymphs were ’tliofe genii, thofe 
+"ouls and intellects, 1X1 who guided the fpheres of the 
+:eavcns, and difpenfed the influences of the liars to 
+he things of the earth. 
+
+Of the i err eft rial nymphs fome prefide over the 
+roods, and were called Dryades , from a Greek 
+orch» whi<?h principally fignifies an oat, but gene- 
+ailj?-ny tree whatever. Thefe Dryades had their 
+imitations in the oaks. Other Nympks were call- 
+d » Hama dray des ; for they were born when the 
+ft was firft planted, and when it perifhes they die 
+iho. The ancients held ftrange opinions concern- 
+■Jg oaks ; they imagined that even the fmallefl oak. 
+lV25 lint from heaven. 
+
+The p Druids, prieils of the Gauls, eileemed no- 
+
+
+*3 
+
+
+th i a s 
+
+O 
+
+
+areant* 
+
+
+'■ ttmrnut. 
+
+k Ara rv c:ti vtazs yctmc&cu, quo a fen', per juvenes nppr. 
+
+Ara rv Qauvuv fplcndere, quod formas dccore pi refulgent. 
+ni Pint. Maciob. Procl. 
+
+n A id eft, quercus. Virg. Georg, q. 
+
+0 Ab Wl iimul j & lyjs quercus. p Lib Gyr, Syijt. ? 
+
+
+
+
+212 Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+thing more divine and facred, than the excrefcenr 
+which iticks to oaks. Others of the terreihh] 
+Nymphs are called q Orecides or Ore/iiades , becauf 
+they prefided over the mountains. Others 1 Xn. 
+pee , hecaufe they had dominion over the grovr 
+and valleys. Others s Limoniadcs , becauf e they look, 
+ecf after the meadows and fields. And others t Md'u t 
+from the afh-trees facred to them; and thefe wen 
+fuppofed to be the mothers of thofe children w!i 
+were born under a tree, or expofed there. 
+
+The marine Nymphs were either thofe Nymplis 
+which prefide over the feas, and were called JS'e, 
+rcides , or Her vice, from the fea-god Nereus, and th 
+fea-nymph Doris, their parents, (which Nereu 
+and Doris were born of Tethys and Cceanus, fron 
+whom they were called Occamtides and Oceania ) 
+or thofe nymphs who prefide over the fountains 
+and were called v A 1 aides and Naiades ; or elfc 
+inhabit the rivers, and were called FnrSiaks o 
+x Pot amides ; or, laflly, who prefide over the lakt 
+and ponds, and were called y Limnades . 
+
+All the Gods had Nymphs attending them. Ju¬ 
+piter fpeaks of his z in Ovid. Neptune had fevera] 
+Nymphs ; infomuch that Hefiod and Pindar cal. 
+him a Nymphagetes , that is, the captain of th 
+Nymphs. The poets generally give him fifty. 
+Phoebus like wife had Nymphs called Aganppid<e an«' 
+
+
+q Ab men*. r A vaw, falttjs vcl valli: 
+
+s Af Xctfitcjy, pratum. t A Mc?.w t fraxinus. 
+
+u Orpheus in Hymn, v A Naau, ftuo. 
+
+A Tz-oTx/zGv, fluvius y j. Incus. 
+
+Sunt mihi Semidei, funt ruftica Numina Fauni. 
+
+.. lt Et Nymphse, Satyriquc, to. Monticolre Sylvaui. 
+Half-Gods and ruftic Fauns attend my will, 
+
+Nymphs, Satyis Sylvans that on mountains dwell. 
+
+a’Ne (iftvytrLt, id eft, Nympharum dux. Hefiod. to Pi--- 
+
+IftJuu. 
+
+
+/v 
+•> k 
+
+
+7 ?. 
+
+
+* I 
+.u* •' 4 
+
+
+Of the Gods- of the Heathen*. 223 
+
+tfuftc. Innumerable were the nymphs of Bac¬ 
+chus ; who were called by different names, Bacchce f 
+Baflar’des, JLloides , and Yhyades. Hunting Nymphs 
+attended upon Diana ; and fea-nymphs, called He- * 
+reiths, waited upon Tethys 5 and b fourteen very 
+beautiful Nymphs belonged to Juno : out of all 
+which I will only give you the hiftory of two. 
+
+Arethufa was one of Diana’s Nymphs : her vir¬ 
+tue was as great as her beauty. The pleafantnefs 
+of the place invited her to cool herfelf in the wa¬ 
+ters of a fine clear river. Alpheus, the God of the 
+river, affumed the fhape of a man, and arofe out of 
+the water. He firfL faluted her with kind words., 
+and then approached near to her ; but away fhe 
+flies, and he follows her ; and when he had almofl 
+overtaken her, fhe was diffolved with fear, with the 
+affiflance of Diana, whom fhe implored, into a foun¬ 
+tain. c Alpheus then refumed his former fhape of 
+water, and endeavoured to mix his with her ft ream* 
+but in vain ; for to this day Arethufa continues her 
+flight, and by her paffage through a cavity of the 
+earth d fhe goes under ground into Sicily. Alpheus 
+alio follows by the like fubterraneous paffages, till 
+at laft he unites and marries his own flreams to 
+thofe of Arethufa in that ifland. 
+
+Echo c was a nymph formerly, though nothing 
+of her but her voice remains now ; and even when 
+
+K 4 fhe 
+
+
+h “ bis feptem prteftanti corpore Nymphx.” JEucid. 1 . 1. 
+.twice luvcn, the charming (laughters of the main. 
+
+Around my peribn wait and bear my train. 
+
+
+c 
+
+
+led enim cognofcit amatas 
+
+
+A ran is acjuas; politoque viri quod fumpferat, o 
+*' Vertitur in proprias, ut fe ill: milccat, mi das.” 
+the river his beloved waters knew; 
+
+And putting off th’ affumed fhape of man, 
+
+He!.ures h:s own, and in a current ran. 
+
+(! Virgil. _ 3 Cn. 3. 
+
+r “ Corpus ad hue Echo, non vox erat. Sc tamcn- ufutn 
+Garrula non aliu-m, uuara nunc habet, oris habebst. 
+
+
+0 v. Jtfet. 5 
+
+
+
+224 Of the Gods of the Heathens, 
+
+was alive, flie was fo far deprived of her fpecch 
+f that fhe could only repeat the laft words of thofc 
+fentences which fhe heard, s Juno infli&ed this pa- 
+niihment on her for her talkativenels ; for when 
+ihe came down to difeover Jupiter’s amours with 
+
+tile Nymphs, Echo detained her very long with her 
+
+tedious difeourfes, that the nymphs might have an 
+opportunity to efcape and hide themfelves. This 
+Echo by chance met NarciiTus rambling in the 
+woods 5 and ihe fo admired his beauty, that ihe fell 
+in love with him. She difeovered her love to him, 
+courted him, followed him, and embraced the 
+proud youth in her arms; but he broke from her 
+embraces, and haftily fled fi*om her light: where¬ 
+upon the defpifed Nymph hid herfelf in the woods 
+and pined away with grief, h fo that every part of 
+
+her 
+
+
+f “ RecUlere cle multis ut verba noviflima pofiet,” 
+
+r..,. *r. * • 
+
+*■ • * * • •» « 
+
+She was a Nymph, though only now a found; 
+
+Yet of her tongue no other ul'e was found, 
+
+Than now die has, which never could be more, 
+
+Than to repeat what die had heard before, 
+g “ Feccrat hoc Juno, quia cum deprendere pofiet 
+** Sub Jove feepe fuo Nymphas in monte jacentes, 
+
+“ Ilia deam longo prudens fermone tenebat, 
+
+“ Dum fugerent Nymphae.” 
+
+This change impatient Juno’s anger wrought. 
+
+Who, when her Jove die o’er the mountains fought. 
+
+Was oft by Echo’s tedious tales milled. 
+
+Till the Ihy Nymphs to caves and grottos ded. 
+h “ Vox tantum, atque ofla fuperfunt: 
+
+“ Vox manet: ofla. ferunt Iapidis traxifle figuram ; 
+
+“ Inde latet fylvis, nulloque in monte videtur, 
+
+“ Omnibus auditur : fonus eft qui vivit in ilia,’* 
+
+Her flefh confumes and moulders with defpair. 
+
+And all her body’s juice is turn’d to air ; 
+
+So wond’rous are the eifedls of reftlefs pain, 
+
+That nothing but her voice and bones remain. 
+
+Nay, ev’n the very bones at laft are gone. 
+
+And metamorphos’d to a thoughtlefs (tone : 
+
+Yet ftill the voice does in the wood furvive; 
+
+The form’s departed, but the found’s alive. 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . £'25 
+
+her but her voice was confirmed ; and her bones 
+were turned into flones. 
+
+Narciflus met with as bad a fate : for though he 
+would neither love others nor admit of their love, 
+yet he fell fo deeply in love with his own beauty, 
+that the love of himfelf proved his ruin. His thirit 
+led him to a ! fountain whofe waters were clear and 
+bright as filver. When he Hooped down to drink, 
+he faw his own image : he flaid gazing at it, and 
+was wonderfully pleafed with the beauty of it, in- 
+fbmuch that he fell paffionately in love with it. A 
+k little water only fcparated him from his beloved 
+cbjcft. He continued a *long time admiring his 
+own beloved pidlure, before he difcovered what it 
+was that he fo paffionately adored ; but at length 
+m the unhappy creature perceived, that the torture 
+he fuffered was from the love of his own felf. In 
+a word, his paffion conquered him, and the power 
+of love was greater than he could refill; fo that by 
+
+
+
+i “ Fons crat illimis nitidis argenteus uadis.” OviJ. Met . 1 . 3. 
+There was, by chance, a living fountain near, 
+
+Whofe unpolluted channel ran fo clear. 
+
+That it feem’d liquid iilver. 
+
+| k “ Exigua prohibetur aqua”—— 
+
+A little drop of water does remove. 
+
+And keep him from the objedl of his love. - 
+
+*-“ Sed opaca fufus in herba 
+
+" Spedfat inexpletomendacem lmnine formam,. 
+
+Perque oculos perit ipfe fuos. 
+
+—■—He lies extended on the fliady grafs. 
+
+Viewing with greedy eyes the pidlur’d face, 
+
+And on himfelf brings ruin. 
+
+m-— “ Flammas, inquit, moveoque, feroque: 
+
+" Quod cupio raecum eft: inopem me copia fecit. 
+
+0 utinam a noltro fecedeve corpore poffem! 
+
+" Votum in amante novum eft, vellem quod amamus abeflet.V' 
+My love does vainly on myfelf return, 
+
+And fans the cruel flames with which I burn. 
+
+The thing defir’d I ftill about me bore, 
+
+And too much plenty has confirm’d me poor. 
+
+0 that I from my much lov’d felf could go ; 
+
+0 ftrange requeft, yet would to Ood ’twere fo $ ■ 
+
+
+
+2 a,6 Q/* Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+degrees n he wafted away and consumed j and atlaft 
+by the favour of the Gods, was turned into a daf¬ 
+fodil, a flower called by his own name. 
+
+Now let us proceed to the inferior rural deities., 
+as they muft not be entirely neglected. 
+
+CHAP. XXV. 
+
+The Inferior Rural Deities 
+
+r T’HE images of thefe Gods and Goddeifes are 
+fo fmall that we cannot difcern their figures: 
+wherefore I will only recount their names. And, 
+flrft, 
+
+Rufina , The Goddefs to whofe care all the part? 
+of the country are committed. 
+
+Colima , She who reigns over the hills. 
+
+Vallonia, who holds her empire in the valleys. 
+
+Hipp o na , o who prefides over the horfes and. 
+ftables. 
+
+p This was the name alfo of a beautiful woman, 
+begotten by Fulvius from a mare. 
+
+Bubona , who hath the care of the oxen. 
+
+Seta, q who takes care of the feed whilft it lies 
+buried in the earth. She is likewife called r Sege- 
+tia ; becaufe fhe takes care of the blade as foon as 
+it appears green above the ground. 
+
+Rufcina is the Goddefs of weeding. She is in¬ 
+voked s when the fields are to be weeded. 
+
+Occator is the God of harrowing. He is wor¬ 
+shipped 1 when the fields are to be harrowed. 
+
+So toe 
+
+
+n-• «* attenuates am ore 
+
+4t Liquitur, Sc. c£eco paulatim carpitur igne. ,> 
+
+No vigour, .'trength, or beauty does remain, 
+
+But hidden flarne.s confume the wafting l'wain. 
+o Ab yrsrcf. i. e. equus. Apuleius Afin. aur I. 3. 
+
+P Tertulian. Apol. q A ferendo no men habet Seia j.ut 
+
+r Segetia, a Segete. Plin. U 8. s Cum runcantur agii. 
+
+t Cum occantur agri, Serv. in Georg, 1, Piin. 1 , 18. c. 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathe?is. ' xz*/ 
+
+Sat or and Sctrritor are the u Gods of fowing and 
+
+raking. 
+
+To the God Rohigus were celebrated feltivals 
+called Robigalia, wliich were ufually obferved upon 
+the 7th of May, to avert the v Halting of the 
+
+corn. 
+
+Stercutius , Stercutus ,, or Sterculius , called like-* 
+wife Sterquilius and Picumnus, is the God who hrd 
+invented the art of x dunging the ground, 
+
+Profcrpvia is the Goddefs which prefides over 
+the corn y when it is fprouted pretty high above 
+the earth. We fhall fpeak more of her when we 
+difcourfe concerning the infernal Deities. 
+
+Nodofus, or JSfodoius , is the God who takes care 
+of the 2 knots and the joints of the llalks. 
+
+Volujia is the Goddefs which takes care to fold 
+the blade round the corn before the beard breaks 
+out; which a foldings of the blade contain the 
+beard, as pods do the feed. 
+
+Patelina takes' care of the corn b after it is broken 
+out of the pod and appears. 
+
+The Goddefs Flora prelides over the ear when it 
+c blofloms : 
+
+Lactura or La&ticina , who is next to Flora, pre« 
+fides over the ear when it begins d to have milk : 
+
+And Matura takes care that the ear comes to a 
+juft maturity. 
+
+iiojlilina was worfhipped, that the ears of the 
+corn might grow e even, and produce a crop pro-, 
+portionable to the feed fown. 
+
+K 6 < Tutelina 9 
+
+
+u ha diefti a ferendo id 1 farriendo . 
+
+v-Ad avertendama fatis rubigmem. x Ita dici tur a Jlercore , 
+Cum fuper terram feges proferpferit . 
+z Prajponitur JSfodis Geniculifque culmerum. 
+a Folliculorum mv 0 Inert s prseficitur. 
+b Cum fpica patet poftquam foliculis emerfit. 
+c Cum Jlorefcit. d Laftefcere. 
+
+e Ab hojlire , quod veterum lingua fignificabat idem quod.' 
+Auguftjnus de Cfcvitate jam laudatus. 
+
+
+
+2^8 Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+' futelina , or futulina^ hath the tutelage of corn 
+when it is reaped. 
+
+Pbilutnnus invented the art of f kneading and 
+baking the corn. 
+
+Mellona invented the s art of making honey. 
+
+And Fornax is efteemed a Goddefs ; becaufe, be¬ 
+fore the invention of grinding the wheat, the bread- 
+corn was parched in a furnace. Ovid h makes men¬ 
+tion of this Goddefs. 
+
+Thefe mean deities are hut the refufe of the 
+Gods. Let us leave them, and turn our eyes to 
+the left-hand wall in this Pantheon, where we fhall 
+fee the Gods of the fea. 
+
+
+PART 
+
+
+f A philandoy id eft, condenfando & farinam fubigendc. Vid, 
+Serv. in ALneid. 9. g Artem mellificii excogitavit. 
+
+h “ Tada Dea eft Fornax, Ireti fornace coloni 
+“ Orant vires temperet ilia fuas.” 
+
+A Goddefs.Fornax is; and her the downs adore. 
+
+That they may’ve kindly batches by her pow’r. 
+
+
+Fs]t. 1 . 6 . 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
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+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+PART 
+
+
+III. 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Sea 
+
+
+CHAP. I. 
+
+
+Sect. I. Neptune. His name and Defcent,. 
+
+P. r T^HIS is a glorious and beautiful fcene. Are 
+
+thefe the Gods of the waters ? Are thefe 
+the marine Gods, whofe numerous companions are 
+carried all over the liquid plains of the fea in 
+fhells ? 
+
+M. Thefe are the Gods, the prefidents, the 
+princes, of the vaft finny regions, and the modera¬ 
+tors of the flowing waves. 
+
+P. And who is that king, with black hair and 
+blue eyes, who holds a fceptre in his right-hand 
+like a fork with three prongs, and is fo beautifully 
+arrayed in a mantlfe of azure, clafping his left hand • 
+round his queen’s wa'ifl ? He Hands upright in his 
+chariot, which is a large fcallop-fhell drawn by 
+fea-horfes, and attended by odd kind of animals,, 
+which refemble men in the upper parts, and fifti in 
+the lower.. 
+
+M: It is Neptune, whofe name is derived by the 
+change of a few letters from the word * nubo> which 
+fignifi.es to cover , becaufe the fea encompafles, 
+
+em- 
+
+
+* A nubendQ) quod mare terras obnubat.. Varro. 
+
+
+*3° 
+
+
+Of the Gods erf the Heathens . 
+
+
+embraces, and as it were covers the land. Or, <13 
+others believe, he is fo called from the Egyptian 
+word neptherty which fignifies the coafls and pro¬ 
+montories, and other parts of the earth which are 
+wafhed by the waters. So that b Tully, who de¬ 
+rives Neptune a jianclo , from fwimming, is either 
+miflaken, c or the place is corrupt. 
+
+It is Neptune, I fay,, the governor of the fea, the 
+father of the rivers and the fountains, and the Ton 
+of Saturn by Ops. His mother preferved him from 
+the devouring jaws of Saturn, who, as we remark¬ 
+ed above, ate up all the male children that were 
+bo rn to him, by giving Saturn a young foal to eat 
+in his (lead. In the Greek he is called [p 0 . 
+
+feidon\ becaufe he fo binds d our feet, that we are 
+not able to walk within his dominions, that is, on 
+the water. 
+
+When he came of age, Saturn’s kingdom was di¬ 
+vided by lot, and the maritime parts fell to him. 
+He and Apollo, by Jupiter’s command, were forced 
+to ferve Laomedon, in building the walls of Troy; 
+becaufe he and fome other Gods had plotted 
+againft Jupiter. Then he took c Amphitrite to 
+wife, who refufed a long time to hearken to his 
+courtfhip, and comply with his defjres ; but atlaft, 
+by the aflift'ance of a dolphin, and by the power of. 
+flattery, he gained her. To recompenfe which 
+kindnefs, the dolphin was placed among the flars, 
+and made a conftellation. Neptune had two other 
+wives befides, viz. Solaria , fo named from fahttn , 
+the fea, f or the fait water toward the lower part 
+and bottom of the fea. And Venilia , fo named 
+
+from 
+
+
+b Tullius’de Nat. Deor. 1 . 2. . c Lipllus. and Bochar. 
+
+tu?. d Qui. wow 'Str/u.oVf-. hoc eft, pedibus vincu¬ 
+
+lum injicit, ne pedibus aquas ambulemus. Plato in Cratyl. 
+
+e Dicitur a.u.tpirft'rn a. ir^^cx, r» a circ unite r undo, 
+
+terram mare circumterat. 
+
+Auguftinus de CiVtate Dei.. 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathenu 2 3 %-■ 
+
+from veniendo , becaufe the fea goes and comes with 
+the tide ; it ebbs and flows by turns. 
+
+Sect. II. H&ions of' Neptune .. 
+
+T HE poets tell us, that Neptune produced a 
+£ horfe in Attica out of the ground, by h ftria 
+king it with his trident ; whence he is called Hip- 
+pins and i Hippodromus , and is eftfcemed the prefi- 
+dent over the hcrfe-races. At his altar in the cir¬ 
+cus of-Rome, .games were inftituted, in which they 
+reprefented k the ancient Romans by violence car¬ 
+rying away the Sabine virgins. His altar was un¬ 
+der ground ; and he was facriftced unto by the 
+name of 1 Corf us, God of counfel ; which for the 
+moll part ought to be-given - privately,. and there¬ 
+fore the God Confus was worfhipped in an obfeure 
+and .private place. The folemn games m Confualia , 
+which were celebrated in the month of March* 
+were inftituted in honour of Neptune, whofe other 
+name was,.as I have faid, Confus . At the fame 
+time the horfes left working, and the mules were 
+adorned with garlands of flowers. 
+
+Hence alfo it comes that the chariot (as you fee) 
+of Neptune is drawn by Hippocampi, or fea-horfes, 
+as well as fometimes by dolphins. Thefe fea-horfes 
+lud the tails of. flfhes, and only two feet, which 
+were like the fore-feet of a horfe, according to the 
+defeription given of him. in n Statius; and this is 
+
+the. 
+
+
+g Sephocl. in Oedip. 
+
+h' “ TcrculTa magno tellure tridente.” 
+
+With this huge trident having (truck the ground. 
+
+Virg. Georg. 1 / i. 
+
+i Ab t 7 r<ro; y i. e. equus, Sc Zgopog, i. e. curfus. Pindar. Ode 
+c Iith. Var. ap. Lil. Gyr. k Dion. Halic. 1. 2. 
+
+I A conlilio dando. Servius JEneid. 8. 
+ni Pint, in Romulo. Dion. Ilalic. 1 . 2. 
+
+II u hlic .^Egco.Neptunus gurgite feflos 
+In portam deducit equoe, prior haurit habenas 
+
+“ Unguia, poftremi folvuntur in cequore pifees. 
+
+
+Tbeb. a* 
+
+
+2^2 Of the Gods of the Heathen's. 
+
+the reafon why ° Virgil calls them two-footed boy - 
+fes. Neptune guides them, and goads them for¬ 
+ward with his trident, as is prettily exprefled in 
+p Strati us. 
+
+It was therefore Neptune’s peculiar office, not 
+only to prefide over and govern horfes both by land 
+and by fea, but alfo the government of fbips was 
+committed to his care, which were always fafe un¬ 
+der his protection: For whenever he q rides' upon 
+the waters, the weather immediately grows fair, 
+and the fea calm. 
+
+
+T 
+
+
+Sect. Ill*- Children of Neptune. 
+
+HE moll remarkable of his children were 
+Phorcus, or Phorcys, and Proteus. 
+
+Phor cm 
+
+
+Good Neptune’s fteeds to reft arc fet up here. 
+
+In the sEgcnn gulph, whole fore-parts harmlefs bear 
+Their hinder-parts fifh-fhap’d. 
+
+o- 44 Magnum qui pifeibus sequor, 
+
+44 Et jun&o bipedum curru metitur cquorum.” Georg. 1. 
+
+-Through the vaft Tea he glides . 
+
+Drawn by a team, half fifli half horfe, he rides. 
+j> 44 Triplici telo jubet ire jugales: 
+
+44 Illi fpumiferos glomerant a peeftore fhnftus, 
+
+44 Pone natant, delentque pedum veftigia caqda.” Achil. 1. I. 
+Shaking his trident, urges on his deeds, 
+
+Who with two feet beat from their brawny breafts 
+The foaming billows; but their hinder parts 
+Swim, and go fmooth againft the curling furge 
+
+Homer, in Hymn , Sit. Ital. 1, z. 
+
+q- 44 Tumida sequora placat 
+
+44 Collecflafque fugat nubes, folemque reducit. JEneid. 1. z« 
+—-—He fmooths the fea, 
+
+Difpels the darknefs, and reftores the day. 
+
+-“ sequora poftquam 
+
+44 Profpiciens genitor, Cceloque inve&us aperto, 
+
+44 Flecftit equos, curruque volans dat lora fecundo. 
+
+44 Subfidunt undee, tumidumque fub axe tonanti 
+Sternitur sequor aquis, fugiunt vafto sethere nimbi. 
+
+-Wherc-e’er he guides 
+
+His finny courfers, and in triumph rides. 
+
+The waves unruffie, and the fea fubfides. 
+
+
+
+
+234 Q/* the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+received from fEneas, with which (he afterwards 
+killed herfe]f. 
+
+Neptune y endued Periclimenus, Neftor’s brother, 
+with the fame power, who was afterwards killed 
+by Hercules in the ihape of a fly: for when he 
+fought again ft Neleus, a fly tormented him and 
+flung him violently; when Pallas difcovered to 
+Hercules that this fly was Percilimenus, he killed 
+him. 
+
+Neptune gave the fame power to Metra, Me fin, 
+or Meftre, the daughter of Erichthon fhe obtained 
+this reward from him becaufe he had debauched 
+her, by which power z fhe was enabled to fuccour 
+her father’s infatiable hunger. 
+
+For the fame caufe Caenis,. a virgin of Theflaly 
+obtained the fame, or rather a greater power from 
+Neptune; for he gave her power to change her fex, 
+and made her invulnerable. She therefore turned; 
+herfelf into a man, and was called Cteneus ; Hie 
+fought againft the Centaurs, till they had over- 
+whelmed her with a vaft load, of trees, and buried 
+her alive a ; after which fhe was changed into a 
+bird of her own name. 
+
+
+CHAP. II. 
+
+% 
+
+Triton", and the other Marine Gods . 
+
+r T v RiTON was the foil of Neptune by Amphi-j 
+trite: he was his father’s companion and 
+
+c trumpeter. Down to his navel he refembles a 
+
+man, 
+
+
+y Homer, in Odyft'i 1. n. 
+
+x “ Kune equa, nunc ales, motlo hos, modo fervus abibat, 
+Prxbebat qne avido non julta alimenta parent!.'* 
+
+0 vid. Met- 1. :• 
+
+Now hart-like, now a cow, a bird, a mare, 
+
+She fed her father with ill-purehas’d fare, 
+a Ovid. Mctam. 
+
+U Iicfiod. in Xheogon. 2 . Stat. 6 . Tlicb. c-Virg. itr- 1 
+
+
+I 
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 2.3:5 
+
+nian, but his other part is like a fifh. His two 
+i f ee t are like the fore-feet of a horfej his tail is 
+cleft and crooked like a half-moon ; and his hair re- 
+fembles wild parfley. Two princes of Parnaffus 
+Virgil and f Ovid) give mofl elegant defcriptions 
+
+of him. 
+
+Qceanus , another of the fea-Gods, s was the foil 
+of Ccelum and Vefta II , who by the ancients was 
+called the father, not only of all the rivers, but of 
+the animals, and of the very Gods themfelves ; for 
+they imagined that all the things in nature took 
+their beginning from him. It is faid he begot of 
+his wife Tethys three thoufand fons 7 the moll emi¬ 
+nent of which was,. 
+
+Nereus % 
+
+
+d Apollon. Argon. 4 . 
+
+c “ Hunc vehit immams Triton, & cserula concha 
+“ Extenons freta ; cui laterum tenus hifpida nanti 
+“ Frons hominem pra;fcrt, in pridim delinit alvus, 
+
+** Spumea pedifero fubpedtore murmurat unda.”' 
+Him and his martial train the Triton bears. 
+
+High ou his poop the fea-green God appears; 
+Frowning, he feems his crooked fhell to found. 
+
+And at the blad the billows dance around. 
+
+An hairy man above the waift lie fhews ; \ 
+
+A porpoife tail beneath his belly-grows, 5 
+And ends a fifli: his breads the waves divide, 
+
+And froth and foam augment the murm’iing tide. 
+
+1“ Condemn Tritona vocat, conchaque fonanti 
+“ infpirare jubet, fhufhifque 8c flumina figno 
+“ jam revocare da to. Cava buccina fumitur iIJi. 
+Tortilis in latum, quee turbine crefcit in imo: 
+Buccina voce repletfub utroque jacentia Phcebo.” 
+Old Ti iron rifi^j from the deep lie fpies, 
+
+^ hole fliouldei^rob’d with native purple rife, 
+
+And bids him his loud founding /hell infpirc. 
+
+And give the floods a figrr.l to retire. 
+
+He his wreath’d trumpet takes (as given in charge) 
+Hun from the turning bottom grows more large : 
+
+I his when the Numen o’er the ocean founds, 
+
+Ihe eafl and wed, from fliore to ffiore, rebounds. 
+
+% Hehod. in Tjieogon. 
+h Orph, in Hymn. Hefiod, Ibid. 
+
+
+JE/l. 10 . 
+
+
+Met. I. 
+
+
+/ 
+
+
+<Z $6 Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+Here us , i who was nurfed and educated by die 
+waves, k and afterwards dwelt in the /Egean fea, 
+and became a famous prophefier. He 1 begat fifty j 
+daughters by his wife'Doris 5 which Nymphs were ! 
+called after their father's name, Nereides . j 
+
+Palccmon, and his mothers I710 , are alfo to be rec- j 
+koned among the Sea Deities. They were made J 
+Sea-Gods on this occalion : Ino’s hufband, Atha- I 
+mas, was diftracted, and tore his foil Lcarchns into ] 
+pieces, and dafhed him again ft the wall. lno faw j 
+this; and fearing left the fame fate fhould cornea 
+upon herfelf and her other fon Melicerta, fhe took j 
+her fon, and with him threw herfelf into the fea, I 
+'where they were made fea-dcities: nothing pcviJh- | 
+ing in the waters but their names. Though their 1 
+former names were loft in the waves, yet they j 
+found new ones: flic was called Lcucothea , and he 1 
+Palcsmon by the Greeks, and Portumnus by the La- 9 
+tins. 1 
+
+Glaucus the fiflierman became a fea-God by a 1 
+more plcafant way : for when he pulled the tilli 9 
+which he had caught out of the nets, and laid them I 
+on the fhore, he obferved, that by touching a cer- I 
+tain m herb the fifh recovered their ftrength, and! 
+leaped again into the water. He wondered at fa I 
+ftrange an efFedl, and had a defire to tafte this I 
+herb ; n w hen he had tailed it, he followed this fH, I 
+and leaping into the water, became a God of the I 
+fea. I 
+
+To tliefc we may add the ftory of Canopus , a 9 
+God of the Egyptians, who by the help of water 9 
+gained a memorable vidlory over th^ Gods of the 9 
+Chaldeans. 0 When thefe two nations contended 9 
+about the power and fupericrity of their Gods, the I 
+
+prielb 9 
+
+
+
+i Horat. 1 C-irai. 
+xn Strab. 1 . 9. 
+
+0 K.u*n:\ !, II. c. ? 6 . 
+
+
+k Tinrinkl. in Ijdiig. 
+n Ovid. "Xciam. 1 . j x. 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens • 
+
+
+
+
+priefts confented to bring thefe two Gods together 
+that they might decide their controverfy. The Chal¬ 
+deans brought their God Ignis (fire), and the E- 
+gyptians brought Canopus. They let the two Gods 
+near one another to fight. Canopus’s belly was a 
+great pitcher filled with water, and full of holes, 
+but fo flopped with wax, that nobody could difeern 
+them. When the fight began. Fire, the God of the 
+Chaldeans, melted the wax which flopped the 
+holes ; fo that Canopus, with rage and violence, af- 
+fanlted him with flreams of water, and totally ex- 
+tinguifhed, vanquifhed, and overcame him. 
+
+
+CHAP. III. 
+
+The Monflers of the Sea . 
+
+Sect. I. The Sirens. 
+
+TlIERE were three Sirens, wliofe parentage 
+is uncertain ; though fome fay p that they 
+were the offspring of Aclielous the river and Mel- 
+pomenc the mufe. q They had the faces of wo¬ 
+men, but the bodies of flying fifh ; they dwelt 
+near the promontory Peloris in Sicily, (now called 
+Capo de Faro') or in the iflands called r Sircnufic^ 
+which are fituated in the extreme parts of Italy 5 
+where, with the fvveetnefs of their finging, they 
+allured all the men to them that failed by thofe 
+coafts ; and when, by their charms they brought 
+upon them a dead fleep, they drowned them in the 
+fea, and afterwards took them out and devoured 
+them. Their-names were Pcirthenope, (who died 
+st Naples, for which reafon that city was formerly 
+culled Part£euope), Ligca y and Leucofa . 
+
+That 
+
+
+P Nicand. Metam. 3. 
+-Strabo, J. 5. Idem, I. 1. 
+
+
+q Ovid, Metam. * 
+
+
+
+538 Qf the Gods of the Heathens * 
+
+That.their charms might be the eafier received, 
+and make the greater impreflion on the minds of the 
+hearers, they ufed muiical inflruments with their 
+voices, s and adapted the matter of their fongs to 
+the temper and inclination of their hearers. tWitfc 
+fome fongs they enticed the ambitious, with others 
+the voluptuous, and with other longs they drew on 
+the covetous to their definition. 
+
+P. What then ? could no paffengers ever efcape 
+this plague? 
+
+M. Hiflory mentions only two, UlyfTes and Or¬ 
+pheus, who efcaped. « The firfl was forewarned 
+of the danger of their charming voices by Circe; 
+wherefore he flopped the ears of his companions 
+with wax, and was himfelf fafl bound to the mail of 
+the fliip, by which means he fafely pafied the fatal 
+coafls. v But Orpheus overcame them in their own 
+art, and evaded the temptations of their murder¬ 
+ing mufic, by playing upon his harp, and finging 
+the praifes of the Gods fo well, that he outdid the 
+Sirens*. The Fates had ordained, that the Sirens 
+fhould live till fomebody who paffed by fhould hear 
+them ling, and yet efcape alive. When therefore 
+they faw themfelves overcome, they grew defperate, 
+and threw themfelves headlong into the fea, and 
+were turned into flones. Some write that they 
+were formerly virgins, Proferpina’s companions, 
+who fought every where for her when fhe was 
+fholen away by Pluto ; but not finding her, 
+they were fo grieved, that they cafl themfelves 
+into the fea, and from that time were changed in¬ 
+to 
+
+
+s Homer, OdyfiT. 
+
+t “ Monftra maris Sirenes erant, quee voce canora 
+“ Qwaflibet admiflas detinuere rates.” 
+
+Ovid, de Art, Am. I 5 ! 
+Sirens were once fea-monfters, mere decoys. 
+
+Trepanning feamen with their tuneful voice, 
+u Homer Odyif. 1 . -v Apollon. Argon, 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Hea the ns, 239 
+
+to fea-monfters. ' x Others add, that by Juno’s per- 
+fualion, they contended in muhe with the Mufes ; 
+who overcame them, and to punilh their rafhnefs 
+cut off their wings, with which they afterwards 
+made for themfelves garlands. 
+p. What did the poets fignify by this fiction ? 
+
+M. That y the minds of men are depofed from 
+their proper feat and hate by the allurements of 
+plsafure. It corrupts them; and there is not a more 
+deadly plague in nature to mankind than voluptu- 
+ouinefs. Whoever addidls hirnfelf altogether to 
+pleafures lofes his reafon, and is ruined : and he 
+that cl eh res to decline their charms, muff Hop his 
+ears, and not liften to them, but mull hearken to 
+the mufic of Orpheus ; that is, he mull obferve the 
+precepts and inflrudlions of the wife. 
+
+Now turn your eyes to thofe two monllers, who 
+are called Scylla and C'harybdis. 
+
+Sect. II. Scylla and Chavyhdis'm 
+
+npHE, description of Scylla is very various; for 
+fome fay that z Ihe was a moll beautiful wo¬ 
+man from the brealls downward, but had fix dogs 
+heads. And, others fay, that in her upper parts 
+Hie refembled a woman in her lower a ferpent and 
+wolf. But whatever her pi£ture was, a everybody 
+% T s flie was the daughter of Phorcus. She was 
+courted by Glaucus, and received his embraces ; 
+whereupon Circe, who palfionately loved Glaucus, 
+and could riot bear that Scylla was preferred before 
+her by Glaucus, h poifoned, with venomous herbs, 
+tnofe waters in which Scylla ufed to walh herfelf. 
+cylla was ignorant of it, and according to her cuf- 
+tom went into the fountain ; and when Ihe faw 
+
+that 
+
+
+
+ten pf„ >' Voluptatum illecebris men- 
+
+hte\nt edc & ftatU dlxnovere - Cicero, Paradox. 1 . de Se- 
+, e * z Homeri Odyfll 
+
+Apollon, 3. Argo 4 b Myro Prain. 1 . 3. Rernm. Me flan. 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+£,40 Of the Gods cf the Heathens . 
+
+that the lower parts of her body were turned info 
+the heads of dogs, being extremely^grieved that ih e 
+had loft her beauty, fhe caft herfelf headlong into 
+the fea, where fhe was turned into a rock, that oc. 
+cafions many ftp p-wrecks to happen there. Thr 
+rock is ftill feen in the fea, and divides Italy fr or 
+Sicily, between Medina, a city of Sicily, and Khe- 
+gium (now called Reggio ), in Calabria. It is fai 
+to be fur rounded with dogs and wolves, which de 
+vour the perfons that are caft away there. But 
+hereby is meant only, that, when the waves by 
+violent ftorm are dallied againft this great rock, 
+the noife a little refembles the barking of dogs and 
+the howling of wolves. 
+
+P. You fay that Scylla was the daughter 0 
+Phorcus ; but was Ihe not rather the daughter 0 
+Nifus king of Megara. 
+
+ilf. No; that Scylla was another woman: for 
+Scylla, c the daughter of king Nifus, was in lov 
+with Minos, who belieged her father in the city 0 
+Megara. She betrayed both her father and lie 
+country to him, by cutting off the fatal lock 0 
+purple hair, in which were contained her father’ 
+and her country’s fafety, and fent it to the befieger 
+Minos gained the city by it; but detefted Scylla’ 
+perfidy, and hated her: die could not bear this mis 
+fortune, and was changed into a lark. Nifus her 
+father was likewife changed into a fparrow hawk, 
+which is called Hifus after his name; and this fpar 
+row hawk, as if fhe yet fought to punifh his daugh 
+ter’s great bafenefs, ftill purfues the lark with great 
+fury to devour her. 
+
+Charybdis is a vaft whirlpool in the fame Sicilian 
+fea, over againft d Scylla, which fwallows down 
+whatfoever comes within its circle, and vomits it 
+up again. They fay that this Charybdis was for 
+
+
+i 
+
+
+* 
+
+
+c Paufonlas in Attic. 
+
+
+d Virg. Georg. 5 , 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens '; I 
+
+lCr ly a very ravenous woman, who hole away 
+iHerculcs’s oxen; for which theft Jupiter ilruckJher 
+dead with thunder, and then turned her into this 
+[gulph. You will find an elegant del crip ti on of 
+jieic two monitors, Scylla and Charybdis, in c Vir- 
+
+P. What do thefe fables of Scylla and Charybdis 
+Ircprefent to us ? 
+
+*M. They reprefent to us luft and gluttony, mon- 
+rous vices, which render our voyage through this 
+oriel extremely hazardous and perilous. Lull, 
+
+
+IK 
+
+
+Scylla, engages unwary paltengers by the beauty 
+mdpomp of her outfide ; and when they are en- 
+:angledin her fnares, fhe tortures, vexes, torments, 
+md difquiets them with rage and fury, which ex- 
+:eeds the madnefs of dogs, or the ravenoufnefs of 
+volves. Gluttony is a Gharybdis, a gulph, a whirl¬ 
+pool, that is infatiahle; it buries families alive, 
+'devours eflatcs, confumes lands and treafures, 
+md lucks up all things: they are neighbouring 
+rices; and, like Scylla and Charybdis, are but little 
+
+L dill amt 
+
+
+c" Dextrum Scylla lutus, iaevurn implacafa Charybdis 
+" Oblidit, atque imo Barathri ter gurgite vaftos 
+11 Sorbet in abruptum fludtus, rurfulque fub auras 
+“ hrigit alternos. Sc fulcra verberat unda. 
+
+At Scyliam ccecis cohibet fpelunca latcbris 
+Ora extantem, Sc naves in faxa trahentem. 
+
+Hrinja hominis facies. Sc pulchro pedtore virgo 
+Pube tenus; poftrema immani corpore pifeis, 
+
+" Dclphinum caudas utero commiifa luporum.’* 
+
+
+U 
+
+
+It 
+
+
+U 
+
+
+
+
+Far on the right her dogs foul Scylla hides : 
+Charybdis roaring on the left prelldes, 
+
+And in her greedy whirlpool fucks the tides : 
+ihen fpouts them from below; with fury driv’n. 
+
+
+'■ticid, 1. % 
+
+
+o 
+
+
+
+The 
+
+
+waves mount up, and wafh the face of heaven: 
+
+
+But Scylla, from her den, with open jaws 
+JJe linking veflel in her eddy draws, 
+
+1 fien dailies on the rocks: a human face. 
+
+And virgin bol'om, hides the tail's difgrace. 
+Her parts obfeene below the waves defeend, 
+'hth dogs inclos’d, and iti a dolphin end 
+
+
+
+
+< 9 / the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+diftant from each other ; nay, they are fcldom f e 
+parate, but ad with united forces: for you will r.o 
+cafily find a man who is greatly addiftecl to ih 
+luxury of eating and drinking, that is net alfo 
+{lave to the luxury of concupiiccnce, and. buiov.r.v. 
+ed with the forbidden filth of bafe pleafure.% nul 
+wholly given up to do the molt vile and iropudea 
+
+luffs. _ . 
+
+But it is now time to confidet* the place m whit 
+
+the wicked are tormented eternally ; or rather, t. 
+
+call down our eyes upon it, in the lower apa rimer; 
+
+of this Pantheon, where the infernal Gods ari 
+
+painted: we will only take a tranfitory view o 
+
+this feene, lince it will be very unplcafant to fh 
+
+long in fo doleful, fo iad a place. 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
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+
+
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+
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+
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+
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+
+
+
+
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+
+
+
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+
+
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+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
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+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+PART IV. 
+
+
+Gf the Infernal Deities. 
+
+
+C II A P. I. 
+
+A View cf Held. 
+
+Wondrous ! What a horrid End difmnl 
+^ fpe£tacle is here ! 
+
+M. You mufl imagine that we are now in the 
+onfines of hell. Prithee come along with rue ; I 
+ill be die fame friend to you which the'* Sibyl was 
+oiEneas. Nor lhall you need a golden bough to 
+relent to Proferplne. The padage that leads to 
+efe infernal dominions was a wide dark cave, 
+rough which you pafs by a ilcep rocky defeent, 
+11 you arrive.at a gloomy grove, and an. unnnvi¬ 
+able lake called b Avevnus, from whence fuch 
+loifonous vapours arife, that no birds can fly over 
+t, for in their flight they fall down dead, being 
+rifoned wi:h the ftcnch of it.. This is c Virgil’s 
+feription of thofe regions- 
+
+L 2 P. But 
+
+
+3 Virgil. yRneid. 6. 
+
+b fcvemus dicitur quafi eccp/os, id eft, line avihus; quod null as 
+
+rtucres lacuni ilium, ob lethiferum haiitum, prietervolare falvse 
+fat. 
+
+c - “ Spclunca alta fuit, vaftoque immanis hiat:i, 
+
+)( ^ f ru;;ca, tuta lacu nigro ncmorumque tenebri*. 
+
+M ^i ia ni ruper haud ullre poterant impune volantcs 
+u hndcre iter pennis: talis fefe halitus arris 
+hiucibus eifundens fupera ad eonverxa ferebat: 
+hk locum Graii di&crunt nomine Avernum. ,, JEn. £° 
+
+D te.i 
+
+
+241 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Hen then x. 
+
+
+F. But what monfters are thofe which I ft 
+placed at the very entrance of hell ? 
+
+M. Virgil will tell you d what they are. The 
+are thofe fatal evils which bring dellruTtion an 
+•death upon mankind, by the means of which tl 
+inhabitants of thefe dark regions are greatly 
+merited; and thofe evils are care, for row, difeafe 
+old age, frights, famine, want, labour, lleen, 
+death, fling of confcience, force, fraud, ft rife, 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+war. 
+
+
+CHAP. II. 
+
+Charon. The Rivers of Hell. Cerbou 
+
+
+F 
+
+
+. *^TlTTHO 1S t ^ rit na fty> °ld, decrcpid, long 
+
+y bearded fellow ? or what is his name 
+
+M. H 
+
+
+Deep was the rave, And downward as it went, 
+
+From the wide mouth, a rocky rough defeent; 
+
+And here th’ acccfs a gloomy grove defends; 
+
+And thcic the unnavigable lake extends; 
+
+O'er whofe unhappy waters, void of light, 
+
+No bird prefumes to lleer his airy flight: 
+
+Such deadly flenches from the depth arife. 
+
+And ftcaming fulphur which infetfts the fkies. 
+
+Hence do the Grecian bards their legends make. 
+
+And give the name A vet nos to the lake. 
+d “ Veftibulum ante ipfum, primifqv.ein faucibus Orci, 
+Liuftus &. ultrices pofuerc cubilia Cura;; 
+
+“ Pallentefque habitant Morbi, triftifque Seneiflus, 1 
+4 ‘ Et Metu% & malefuada Fames, Sc turpis Egeftas, 
+
+“ (Terribiles vifu forma;), Lethumque, Laborque. 
+
+■“ Turn confanguines Lethi Sopor, Sc mala mentis 
+“ Gaudia, mortiferumque adverlb in limine Bellum, 
+
+44 Fcrrcique Eumenidum thalami, Difcordia dement 
+44 Vipereum crinem vittis innexa enteritis.” 
+
+Juft in the gate, and in the jaws of hell. 
+
+Revengeful Cares and fullen Sorrows dwell; 
+
+And pale Difeafes, and repining Age, 
+
+Want, Fear, and Famine’s unreflfted rage, I 
+
+Hero Toils and Death, and Death's half brother Sleep, 
+(Forms terrible to view) their centvy keep: 
+
+With anxious plcafures of a guilty mind. 
+
+Deep Frauds before, and open Force behind ; 
+
+The Furies iron-beds and Strife that fltakes. 
+
+Her hilling trefles, and unfolds her tnakes. 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 24 y 
+
+7 J. He is the ferryman, of hell: his c name is 
+Ckiron, which word denotes the ungracefulnefs of 
+j,is ?!hect. In- the Greek language he is called- 
+u , [ Porthmeus j, that is port it or ^ ferry-?nan. 
+You Tee his image painted by the pencil ; hut you 
+may read a mere beautiful and elegant picture of 
+him drawn by the pen of * Virgil. 
+
+P. Why does he tarry with his boat here ? 
+
+M. To take and carry over to the other fide of 
+the lake the fouls of tlie dead, which you fee flock¬ 
+ing on the fliores in troops j yet he takes not all 
+pri iiifcuoufly who come, but fuch only whofe ba¬ 
+ilies are buried when they die ; for the g unburied 
+wander about the fhores an hundred years, and 
+tae:i are carried over : but fir ft they pay Charon his 
+fare, h which is at leaf! a halfpenny* 
+
+L 3 P, Thofe 
+
+
+
+o. 
+
+
+e Charon, quafi Acharon, id. eft, line gratia, ab a non. Sc x«f‘r 
+
+jratia 
+
+i“ Portitor has horrendus aquas Sc flumina fervat 
+11 Terribili fqualore Charcn : cui piurima mento 
+“ Canities xnculta jacet: flant lumina fiamma. 
+
+“ Sordidus ex humeris nodo dependet amitdus. 
+
+“ Ipfc ratem conto fubigit, veiifque miniflrat, 
+
+“ Etfcnuginea fuvechat corpora cymba, 
+
+" Jamfenior: fed cruda Deo virdii'que fenedtus.” 
+
+There Charon Hands, who rules the dreary coafis; 
+
+A iordid CJod ; down from his hoary chin 
+A length of beard defeends, uncomb’d, unclean • 
+
+His eyes like hollow furnaces on fire; * 
+
+A girdle foul with greafe binds his obfeure attire. 
+
+Ho fpreads his canvas, with his pole he fleers. 
+
+The freights of flitting ghofts in his thin bottom bears. 
+
+He look’d in years, yet in his years were feen. 
+
+A youthful vigour and autumnal green. 
+
+J " Centum errat annas, volitant haic littora circum : 
+
+Turn demum admifii ftagna exoptata revifunt,” 
+
+A hundred years they wander on the fhore; 
+length their penance done, are wafted o’er, 
+u Lucian do I,uCl. 
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens ; 
+
+P. Tfrofe three or four rivers ' (if my eyes c ] c 
+not deceive me) muft be palled over by the dead' 
+mufl they not ? 
+
+JVI. Yes \ the hr ft of them -is Achn-on , ' which 
+receives them when they come hr ft. This Acheron 
+was the fon of Terra or Ceres, born in a cave, and 
+conceived without a father ; and becanfe lie cguH 
+mot endure light, k he ran down into hell, and was 
+changed into a river, whofe waters are extreme^ 
+bitter. 
+
+The fecond is Styx, which- is a lake rather than 
+a river, 1 and was formerly the daughter of Ocea- 
+nus, and the mother of the- Goddefs Vidloria 
+Acheron. When Vi&oria was on Jupiter’s fideir 
+his war againft the Giants, fhe obtained this pre�� 
+rogative for her mother, that no oath fvvorn amon^ 
+the Gods by her name lhould be ever violatedfoi 
+if any of the Gods broke ah oath fworn by Styx, 
+they were banifhed from the nedlar and the table 
+of the Gods m a year and nine days. This is the 
+Stygian lake, by which n when the Gods fwore thej 
+©bicrvccl their oath mo ft fcrupuloufly. 
+
+The third-river, Cocytu. c,, flows out of Styx wit! 
+a lamentable groaning, noife,. and imitates tin 
+howling, and increafes the' exclamations of tlii 
+damned. 
+
+Next comes 0 Phlegethon, or PuriphIegetho7i; f< 
+called, bccaufe it 1 wells with waves of fire, ar.d si 
+its.ftreams are iiames.. 
+
+Wliei 
+
+
+i Plato in Phxdone. 3c Panfan. in Atticis. 
+
+1 Hcliod. in Thco&on. m Scrv. in JEneiil. 6 . 
+
+ii “ Tjii mjrs iurr.ve tin:cut &. fallcre inimen.” ' v 
+’J'hc iacred dream v.hich heaven’s imperial Hate 
+Atlefls in oaths, and fears to violate. , 
+
+o A <pXiy& ardeo'/quGcl uiicUs irxtumeat ignis Ramnieofyue Huca 
+evolvat.. 
+
+
+Of the Cods of the Heathen r. 
+
+
+247 
+
+
+■\Vhen the fouls of the dead have paffed over* 
+fbd'c four rivers, they were afterward carried to 
+the palace of Pluto, where the gate is guarded by a 
+dog with three heads, whofe body is covered in a 
+terrible manner with fnakes initead of hair. This 
+(jpg h the porter of hell, p begotten of Kchidna, by 
+the giant Typhon, and is deferibed by Virgil ri and 
+b/rHorace. But from him let us.pafs to the 
+prince and pnneefs of IIcll, Pluto and Prefer- 
+pine. 
+
+
+CHAP. Ill 
+
+Pluto. 
+
+
+jV. r T^HIS is Pluto, the king of Hell, s begotten- 
+ft of Saturn and Ops, and the brother of 
+Jupiter and Neptune, plo has thefe infernal do¬ 
+minions allotted to him, not only becaufe in that 
+
+L 4 divi- 
+
+
+I 
+
+
+p Hcfiocl in Theogon. 
+
+! i <; Cerberus hxc ingens latratu regna trifauci 
+'• Perfonat adverfo recubans irnmauis in antro.” 
+Stretch’d in his kennel, monflrous Cerh'rus round 
+From triple jaws made all tliefe realm’s refound. 
+r Cell'll imrnanis tibi blandicnti 
+
+“ Janitor an lie 
+
+Cerberus: quamvis furiale centum 
+" -duniant ungues caput ejus atquc 
+*' Spiriius teter, faniefque manat 
+
+44 Ore trilingui. L. 
+Ilcll’s grifly porter let you pafs, 
+
+Ax'l trc.vn’d and liften'd to your lays, 
+
+Ihf huikes around his head grew tame : 
+
+Ili-sJaws no longer glow’d with flame; 
+
+-'W tunic ton rue was ft tun'd with blood; 
+oc iaoiv hi;, breath with venom ilov/'d. 
+sD *'-br. Sicul. JDibl. 4. 
+
+
+L. 3 Odar. n» 
+
+
+
+
+
+24S 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+
+diviiion of his father’s kingdom mentioned before 
+the weftern parts fell to his lot; but alfo, as iorne 
+fay, c becaufe the invention of burying, and of ] Uu 
+nouring the dead with funeral obloquies, proceed. 
+a d from him : For the fame reafon he is tLougLrto 
+exercife a fovereignty over the dead* Look upon 
+him, he fits on a throne covered with darknefs, and 
+difeover if you can, his lia-bit, and the enfignofhh 
+iiiajefty, more narrowly. 
+
+P. I fee him, though in the midft of fo much 
+darknefs, and can diflinguifh him eaiily; u he holds 
+key in his hand inftead of a feeptre, and is 
+v crowned with ebony*. 
+
+M. Sometimes I have alfo feen him crowned 
+•with a diadem 5 and x fometimes with the flowers 
+of Narciffus (or white daffodils), and fometimes 
+with cyprefs leaves 5 becaufe thofe plants greatly 
+pleafe him, and especially tlie NarcifiUs, becaufe he 
+itole away Proferpine when fhe gathered that 
+flower, as I fhall fhew prefently. Very often a)’rod 
+is put into his hand in the place of a feeptre, with 
+which he guides the dead to hell z : and fometimes 
+he wears a head-piece, which him a invifible. 
+
+His chariot and horfes are of a black colour, and 
+b when he carried away Proferpine, he rode in his 
+chariot. But if you would know what that key 
+fignifiC3 which he has in his hand, the anfwer is 
+plain, that when once the dead are received into his 
+kingdom, the gates are locked againfl them, and 
+c there is no regrefs thence into this life again. 
+
+P. Why is he called Pluto? 
+
+AL 
+
+
+X Idem apud Lilium Gyrald. Euripid. in Phccn. 
+
+11 l^uian. in pr. Iliad 1, v. Marian. x Lil. Gyrald. 
+
+y Varr. apud eund. z Pind. in Od. 
+
+a Kygen. Aflron. Poet, b Ovid.Metam 5. 
+
+c “ --Facilis defeenfus Averni: 
+
+Sed rcvocare gradum, fupcrafque evade re ad auras, 
+
+
+“ Hg? opus hie, labor eft/* 
+
+
+Virg. iEnrii 
+
+Tj 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 24^ 
+
+M- I’ll tell you that, and alfo the meaning of the 
+reft of his names. 
+
+His Greek name e Ploutos or Pluto , as well as his 
+Latin name JDiis> ft guides wealth. The reafon why 
+he is fo called fo is, becaufe all our wealth comes 
+from the lowed and molt inward bowels of the 
+earth ; and becaufe, as Tully writes, *' all the natural 
+powers and faculties of the earth ax*e under his di¬ 
+rection ; for all things proceed from the earth, and 
+return thither again. 
+
+The name \_Hacles~\ by which he is called 
+among the Gneks , s ftgnifies dark, gloomy , and me¬ 
+lancholy \ or elfe, h as others g.uefs, invifihle ; becaule 
+he fits in darknefs and obfeurity; his habitation is 
+melancholy and lonefome, and he feldom appears to 
+spen view. 
+
+He is likewife called 1 Hgeflaus, becaufe he leads 
+people to the infernal regions ; and fometimes k 
+plijiits, becaufe it was never known that Pluto 
+laughed. 
+
+His name Ftbruus, comes from the old word fe-- 
+huo, to purge by facrifee , becaufe purgations and 
+luftrations were ufed at funerals; whence the 
+month of 1 February receives alfo its appellation ; 
+at which time, efpecially the facrifices called Fe- 
+brua, were offered by the Romans to this God. 
+
+He is called Orcus or Urgus, and Ouragus , as fome 
+fay, m becaufe he excites and haftens people to their 
+
+L 5 ruin^ 
+
+To th* lhades you go-a downhill eafy way ;, 
+
+But to return, and re-enjoy the day. 
+
+That is a work, a labour-- 
+
+e nxa-r*? divitiae. 
+
+i Tcrrena vis omnis ac natura ipfi dedicata credebatur. Tull, de- 
+|Katt. Deor. 2 . 
+
+quafi ati$7 j«, id eft, triftis, tenebrofum. 
+h Aut. quail etogetjos, quod videri minime pofiit; aut ab a pri- 
+Vftnte, Sc videre. Socrates ap. Plut. Phurnut. Gaza. ap. Lil.Gyr* 
+
+1 Ilctoct <ro c&yuv -ray Xaaj, a ducendis populis ad inferos. 
+
+^ Ab « privat, & rideo, quod line rifu lit. 
+
+^Ovid. Faltor. 1. %. 
+
+m Oreus quafi Urgus & Ouragus, ab urgendo, quod homines ur- 
+[S e at in intentum, Cicero in Yerrein, 6, ■ 
+
+
+
+2JO 
+
+
+Of the Gods o f the Heathens* 
+
+
+ruin and death : but others think that he is tmis¬ 
+named, m becaufe, like one that brings up the rear 
+of an army, he attends at the laft moments of iac:f b 
+lives. 
+
+We find him fometimes called * Quietus, bccau:'- 
+by death he brings rclt to all men. 
+
+He is called Summami r, that is, the chief p ef?]l 
+the infernal deities ; the principal governor of ail 
+die ghofts and departed fpirits. The thunder that 
+happens in the night is attributed to him. : vVnce 
+he is commonly ifyled alfo the Infernal Jn filter, the 
+Stygian \Jupiter , the fhird Jupiter ; as Neptu.aj b 
+the Second Jupiter. 
+
+P . What is the oilicc and power of Pluto ? 
+
+j\L If you do not fully underftand that (Yo:r 
+-vlr.it has been laid already, the Fates will tell you 
+that lie p preiides over life and death : that lie ivt 
+only governs the departed fpirits below, but a’k 
+cun lengthen or fliorten die lives of men here on 
+i■ '• e earth as he thinks lit. 
+
+
+C K A r, 
+
+
+m \yjf>ayr.i, cum qui agrnen chiudit ; lTmili i;io 
+
+J : luto puitrcmum human;*: vitas a Odum excipit: Guthr. 1. i. 
+
+do Tin*. Man. 
+
+% f 
+
+n. (Aiod niorte quietens cundlis a Herat. Feftus, 
+o Ouafi f.iinmus .Djorurn maniuin. Aug. dc Civit. "Dei. 1, 
+j) --O iraximt’ noftis . 
+
+“ Arbiter, umbrarumque potens,. cui noltra labor ant 
+“ Stamina qui iiuem ennetis Sc lcmiim preebes, 
+
+*' Nafccridique vices aUcrna morte rependis, 
+
+“ Oci vitam lcthmnque ivgis.”—Claud, dc* ftaptu Piof: r p> 
+Great prince o’ th* gloomy regions ot the dead, 
+
+From whom we luuirly move our wheel and thread ; 
+
+. O i' Nature's growth and cijd thou halt the lway. 
+
+All mortal-; birth with death thou dolt repay 
+
+Who clcit command h.m both. 
+
+
+r 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+
+* 5 * 
+
+
+
+CHAP. IV. 
+
+Plutus. 
+
+nnHOUGH Plutus be not an infernal God, yet 
+I as his name and office were very like and 
+•agreeable to Pluto, I will take this occalion to lay* 
+ljjnething of him: for they are (both of them) 
+Gods of riches, which are the root of all evil, and 
+which nature, our common parent, hath placed 
+near hell ; and indeed there is not a nearer way to 
+Lull than to hunt greedily after riches. 
+
+This Plutus was the fon of q Jafon, or Jafus, by 
+Cores : he was blind and lame, injudicious, and 
+mighty timorous. And truly thefe infirmities are 
+jiilHy aferibed to him: for if he was not blind and 
+injudicious, he would never pals over good men 
+and heap his treafures upon the bad. He is lame 5 
+becaufe great efhatos come {lowly. He is fearful 
+o.nd timorous ; becaufe rich men watch their trea*. 
+lures with a great deal of fear and care. 
+
+
+C II A P. V. 
+Sect. I. Proserpine. 
+
+
+A/, HE who fits next to Pluto is the queen of 
+
+hell, r the infernal Juno, s the Lady, (as the 
+Greeks commonly call her) and the moll beloved 
+v.ke of Pluto, c the daughter of Ceres and Jupi- 
+Hr. She is called both Proferpme and Lihcru. Ju- 
+Mtci' her father begat her when he was difamifcd 
+
+O c; 
+
+in the ihape of a bull; and after die was be 111 and 
+
+L 6 err own. 
+
+
+r ‘ - r.'jfl. in Tlico^on. 
+
+1 'm. /Llrt-id. 6. 
+
+.^-.crctvji, id ell Doniiua. 
+iiiviiud ii: Thco^on, 
+
+
+Fauf. in Arc ad. 
+
+
+zyz Ofthe Gods of the Heathens „ 
+
+g rown up, u he debauched her himfelf in the fhape 
+of a dragon: v whence it came to pafs that in the 
+myft erics of the Sabazia, a golden fnake, folded in 
+a circle, was produced, which, when any were ini, 
+tiated, was ufually put into their bofoms, and re¬ 
+ceived again when it flid dow T n from them below. 
+
+P • But by v/hat fate became Proferpine the wife 
+of this black God ? 
+
+M. In this manner : When all the GoddcfTes re- 
+fufed to marry Pluto becaufe he was fo deformed, 
+he was vexed at this contempt and fcorn, and trou¬ 
+bled that he was forced to always live afinglelife; 
+wherefore in a rage he feated himfelf in a chariot, 
+and a role on a fudden : from a den in Sicily, x he 
+law a company of very handfome virgins gathering 
+flowers in the fields of Enna, (a beautiful place ii- 
+tuated about the middle of the ifland, and there¬ 
+fore called the navel of Sicily.) One of them, Pro¬ 
+ferpine, pleafed him above the reft, for lhe furpaf- 
+fed them all in beauty. He became raging with love, 
+and carried her with him from that place, and on 
+a fudden. he funk into the earth near Syracufe. In 
+the place where he defeended, a lake arofe: and 
+y Cicero fays, the people of Syracufe keep yearly 
+ieftivals, to which great multitudes of both fexes 
+Hock. 
+
+P - O, poor lady I I am troubled at her misfor¬ 
+tune; her unhappinefs moves my companion. But 
+what followed ? 
+
+Mm The Nymphs, her companions, were grie- 
+voufly affrighted, and fled away to any place where 
+they could expert fafety. In the mean time Ceres 
+the mother of Proferpine comes, who by chance 
+was abfent when her daughter was flolen ; ihe 
+feeks her daughter among her acquaintance a long 
+time, but. in vain. She therefore in the next place 
+
+kindles 
+
+
+u Arnob. J. 5. 
+x Cic. in Verrcm. 
+
+
+v Eufebins Prsep. Evan. 
+X Cic. in Vexrejji. 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 2^5 
+
+kindles torches by the flames which burft forth- 
+from the top of the mountain ./Etna, and goes with 
+them to feek her daughter throughout the whole 
+world: neither did Ihe give over her vain labour, 
+
+till the Nymph Arethufa fully aflured her that Pro- 
+ferpirie was Itoleu by Pluto, and carried down into 
+his kingdom. She then in great anger lialien¬ 
+ed and expoftulated with z Jupiter concerning the 
+violence that was offered to her daughter. Iu 
+fhort, Jupiter promifed to reflore Proferpir.e pgair^ 
+if flie had not yet tailed any thing in hell. Ceres 
+went joyfully down ; and Proferpine, full of tri¬ 
+umph and gladnefs, prepared to return into this 
+world, when Afcalaphus difcovered that he faw 
+Proferpine while Ihe walked in Pluto’s orchard 
+pluck a pomegranate, and eat fome grains of it; 
+whereupon Proferpine’s journey was immediately 
+flopped. Ceres, her mother, amazed at this new 
+mifchance, and incenfed at the fatal difcovery of 
+Afcalaphus, turned him into an owl, a bird of an 
+ill omen, and unlucky to all that fee it; but at lail, 
+by the importunity of her prayers to Jupiter, Ihe 
+extorted this favour from him, that he Ihould 
+give leave a that Proferpine might live half the 
+year at lealt with her in heaven, and the other half, 
+below in hell with her hufband. Proferpine after¬ 
+wards loved this difagreeable hufband fo much, 
+that fhe was jealous, and changed Mentha, who 
+was his miflrefs, into mint, an herb of her own 
+
+9 4 
+
+name.. 
+
+Sect*. 
+
+
+2 Servtus in X. Georgic. 
+
+a “ Ei Dea regnorum numen commune duorum,. 
+
+“ Cum matte eft toi.idem, totidem cum conjuge menres.” 
+m Ovid. Met am. 5. 
+
+fhe Goddefs now in either empire fways ; 
+
+Sb months with Ceres, fix with Pluto ft ays. 
+
+
+254 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+
+1 
+
+
+Sect. II. Hu Explanation of the Fable . 
+
+P. "\ 7 ~OU have told a very pretty ftory ; pray 
+_jj_ what is the fignification of it ? 
+
+M. The fignification of it is this: b Ceres is the 
+Earth, and her daughter Proferpine the fertility oi 
+the earth, or rather the c feed by which it isie:t : k, 
+which feed lies buried in the ground in the winter, 
+but in the fummer breaks forth and becomes fruit. 
+Thus Proferpine (the emblem of the feed) lies \yA{ 
+the year in hell, and the other hair in heaven. 
+Others explain this fable, fo as by it to fignify the 
+Moon, which is hid from us in the hemii’phcre ui 
+of the countries beneath us, as long as it ihincs to 
+us in our own. 
+
+Some believe that Hecate is the fame with Pro¬ 
+ferpine ; and if you are willing to follow their opi¬ 
+nion, you mu ft call to mind what I have laid be¬ 
+fore when I difeourfed of Diana. 
+
+Let us now turn our eyes toward the tribunal of 
+Pluto, where you fee, in that difinal picture, con¬ 
+tinual trials, and all perfons, as well the a confers as 
+the offenders, that have been formerly wicked in 
+their lives, receive their deaths impartially from 
+the tliree Fates : after death they receive their con¬ 
+demnation impartially from the three judges; and 
+after condemnation, their punifhment impartially 
+from the three tormenting furies. 
+
+CJ 
+
+
+C H A P. VI. 
+
+4 7he Fates. 
+
+P. "\T 7 HERE are thofe Fates ? And from 
+
+did they defeend? 
+
+M. Thofe three old ladies are the 
+
+
+M. 
+
+their 
+
+
+garments 
+
+
+e old ladies are the 
+are made of ermine 
+
+
+whom 
+
+FatC3: 
+vhhe 
+
+
+b Var. a pud. Auguftinvun de Civit. Dei. 7 . 
+c Euftb. 1 . de Fnep. Evang. d Catullus in Epith. Thct 
+
+
+Parr. 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the LTcathens . 2 55 
+
+Biiiow, and bordered with purple. They were 
+horn cither of & Nox and Erebus, or of f Neceflity, 
+or of the e Sea, or of that rude and indigeftcd niafs 
+which the ancients called Chews. They are called 
+\fiii Latin; becaufe, as ,l Varro thinks, they 
+(iilbibute good and bad tilings to perlons at their 
+hnth; or, as the common and received opinion is, 
+'becaufe they fpared nobody. They are likewife 
+railed Fcituw, Fate ; and arc three in number, 
+'becaufe they order the pafl, prelent, and future 
+time. “ Fate,” lays 1 Tully, “ is all that which 
+“ God hath decreed and refolved ill all come to 
+pafj, and which the Grecians call 
+“ f Pvnar?nc?ic.~\ It is, fays m Ghryfippus, a per- 
+“ pet ml, certain, and unavoidable leries and chain 
+“ of things, wrapping and infolding up itftlf in an 
+“ order of confequences which compofe tlie feveral 
+*• links, and follow one another to all eternity.” 1 
+r: Tatum is derived from, the word far7, to p?o- 
+mw.ee or declare ; becaufe, when any one is born, 
+ti.cfe three fillers pronounce what fate will befall- 
+iiim ; as wc fee in the llory of Meleager. 
+
+V. What are their names and offices? 
+
+PL The name of one is 0 Clotho • the fecond is 
+-•died p Lac he/is ; the third q Fltropos y becaufe ike 
+
+is 
+
+
+f. HcIhkI. in Thcogon. 
+
+
+f Halo, tie Rcpubl. 1. 10 . 
+
+r ticophron. 
+
+1 . I'-'.'c.L' dhuntur a partu, quod nafeentibus liominibus bonrr 
+ir -' conferrc cenicanlur. 
+
+, «fit a parcendo per antiphraiin, quod nemini parcant. Servius 
+.'l.ivAl i. 
+
+!: Ivncbius in Prsep. Evr.ng. 1. 6. 
+
+I i-il ai:u in Fatum id oirme quod a Den conftitutum & deiig?>a- 
+t'-fii cd ut cvcuiat, quod Gncci. ctf*sef/niw appellant. Tullius do 
+hto & Divinat. r. 
+
+m Eimarmcne lcmpiterna qmedam eft Sz. indcclinabilis rciuin 
+u ' r ,r s & catena, lefe volvcns £t irnplicans per reternos conibquenti;*; 
+w<l!!>es e quibus connexa eft. Boot, in Top. 
+
+II ^ : r - «-p* Lib Gyr. ■ o A verbo id eft. neo. 
+
+0 A^yzw, for dor. 
+
+l ! Ab «t:iivativa particula, et «rg:«rftrvclto, quod verti &. flccfli nc~ 
+
+
+r • 
+
+* . < 4 
+
+
+1 
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heath e?ir. 
+
+is unalterable, unchangeable. Thefe names tic 
+Grecians give them : r The Romans call them Noth;. 
+Decima , and Ivlorta . 
+
+To them is entrufled the management of the fa- 
+tal thread of life : for Clotho draws the thread be¬ 
+twixt her fingers; Lachefis turns about the wheel; 
+and Atropos cuts the thread fpun with a pair of 
+feiffars. That is, Clotho gives us life, and brings 
+us into the world ; Lachefis determines the fortunes 
+that fhall befall us here ; and Atropos concludes 
+our lives : s one fpeaks^ the other writes, and the 
+third fpins. 
+
+
+
+CHAP. VII. 
+
+The Furies. 
+
+p. A ND what are thofe monflers called that 
+
+jL have the faces of women ? their looks are 
+full of terror ; they hold lighted torches in their 
+hands; fnakes and ferpents lafh their necks and 
+fhoulders. 
+
+M. They are the Furies, called in Latin fome- 
+times Fur ice ; 1 becaufe they make men mad by the 
+flings of confcience which guilt produces. I hey 
+are alfo called u Direr, y Eumenides , and x Canes , and 
+were the offspring of y Nox and z Acheron : but 
+their proper names are FlleRo^ Ti/iphone, and Me- 
+gara : a and they are efteemed virgins ; becaufe, 
+fince they are the avengers of all wickednefs, no¬ 
+thing can corrupt and pervert them from inflifling 
+the punifhment that is due to the offender. 
+
+P. Why are there only three Furies ? 
+
+
+r Cefen. Vind. ap. Lil. Gyr. 
+
+r Una loquitur, altera feribit, tertia filia ducit; Serv. in jEneid. 
+t Quod fceleratos in furorpm agant. u Virg. JEneid- 3 ' 
+
+v Ibid. 8. x Ibid. 4. y Ibid. 6 . z Ibid 12. 
+a Suidas & Orph. in Hymn. 
+
+
+4 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the FTeathens* 
+
+
+O r 
+
+
+ST 
+
+
+]\[. Becaufe tliere are three b principal paffions 
+df the mind, Anger, Covetoufnefs, and Lull, by 
+which mankind is chiefly hurried into all forts of 
+v.ickednefs : for Anger begets revenge, Covetoul- 
+ncfs provokes us to get immoderate wealth by right 
+or wrong, and luft periuades us to purfue our plea- 
+fares at any rate. Indeed fome add a c fourth i H ury, 
+called L[//o, that is, rage and madnefs ; but fhe is 
+eafily reduced the other three : as alfo JLri/nysj 
+a name common to diem all. 
+
+P. What is the oilice of the Furies? 
+
+M. They are appointed to obferve and punifh the 
+crimes of all men, and to torment the conferences 
+of fecret offenders : 
+
+
+, whence they are commonly 
+alio intitlcd, d u the Goddeifes, the difeoverers and 
+“ revengers of evil a£bions.” They punifh and tor¬ 
+ment the wicked, by frightening and following 
+them with burning torches. You fee the picture of 
+
+
+them there, and you will find them beautifully 
+tdtfcribed in the twelfth Book of Virgil’s fEneids. 
+
+P. What did the Poets intend by thefe Furies ? 
+
+M. Only, fays Cicero, that they who have done 
+any wicked and unlawful thing are tormented and 
+affrighted, not with the blows and the burning 
+torches of the Furies, as it is in the Fable, but with 
+the flings of their'owu evil confciences. dor, f fays 
+
+he. 
+
+
+Jj 1 ^ K * or * 2 P- Gjn _ c Eurip. in Ilerculc furente. 
+
+d Dcxipecul atrices et vindices l'acinorum. 
+e “ Dicuntur geminse peites, cognaminc Dirce, 
+
+“ Quas ct Tartaream Nox intexnpefta MegxramJ 
+u Duo eodernque tulit partu, paribufque revinxit 
+f Serpen turn ipiris, ventofafque addidit. alas.” 
+
+■Deep in the difnial regions void of light, 
+
+1 wo daughters at a birth were born to Night-: 
+l} wle m th eir brown mother, brooding on the care, 
+j-ndu cl with windy wings to licet in air, 
+
+JVith ferpents girt alike'/ and crown’d with hilTujg hair. 
+
+In he a v" n thq JDiVrv call’d. 
+
+* Sua cn?m quemquc ii,.us ct fans terror rnaxime voxat;. furnn 
+
+
+l 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+
+he, <c every one’s own fraud, and his own terror 
+“ bring him the greateft vexation ; every one’s own 
+li wiekednefs torments and enrages him j his own 
+“ evil thoughts and the ladies of his confidence ah 
+“ fright him : thefe arc conftant and domulic Fu¬ 
+
+
+ries to the wicked, that night and day evaef tiie 
+
+
+puuifhment of them that their crim 
+
+
+ss u'/ierve/’ 
+
+
+CHAP. VIII. 
+
+Night, Death, Sleep. 
+
+p. \7’OU mentioned juft now Nox and Emins: 
+
+JL are they of the number of the Gods ? 
+
+M- Yes 5 Nox is of all the Gods the mod an¬ 
+cient. She was the lifter of Erebus, and the daugh¬ 
+ter of the fir ft Chaos ; and of tliefe two, Nox and 
+Erebus, [ylio/vj Death was born. She is ufualiy 
+d relied with a fpeokled garment and black wings: 
+hut there are no temples nor facrifices, nor priclis 
+confcerated to Mors ; becaufe fne is a Godded 
+whom no s prayers can move, or lacriiices pacify. 
+
+Somnu$'\SIeep\i h is the brother of Death, and 
+1 alfo hath wings-like her. Iris,, who was lent by 
+Juno to the palace of this God, mentions the great 
+benefits that he bellows on mankind; fuch as 
+k quiet cf mind, tranquillity, freedom from ciuc, 
+
+and 
+
+
+qucmque fcelus exagitat, amentiaqucT aflicit: fuse malce copao- 
+tiones confcicntitequc annul terrent. Hie fiuit irnpiis ail lira: 
+domeftieje Furia;, qua; dies nudteiquc pcenas aJccieribus rcpe'juU. 
+Or. pro RiVcio Am. 
+
+g Horat. Scriijon 7. li Orpheus in Hymn, 
+
+i Homer. Iliad, 14. Virg. Hone id. 5. 
+
+“ h “ Somne quics rcrum, placid: liime Somnc Deorum, 
+
+“ Pax animi, quern rura fuyit, qui corpora dm Is 
+“ iVfiri minhicriis nuilccs rcoarafque labor!.” Ovid. Met. :i. 
+
+* Thou 
+
+
+Gf the Gods of the Heathens* 2 59 
+
+£:](} rcfrclliment of the fpirits, v/hereby men are 
+enabled to proceed in their labours. In this palace 
+tnere arc 1 two gates, out of which dreams pais and 
+repafs : one of thefe gates was made of clear ivory, 
+through which falfe dreams pars ; and the other 
+of them was made of tranfparent horn, and through 
+that gate true viiions came to men. m Morpheus, 
+the fervant of Somnus, who can put on any ill ape 
+or figure, prefents thefe dreams to tliofe whofleep ; 
+and thefe dreams were brought from a great fpread¬ 
+ing elm in hell, under vrhofe fhatlow they ufually 
+
+
+fit. 
+
+
+C I-I A P. IX. 
+
+the Judges of Hel! . Minos, Rhadamanthus, 
+
+and zEacus. 
+
+TklEAIL the three Furies and the three Fates 
+IaJ a you fee the three judges of hell, Minos, 
+Rindamanthus, and fEacus, who are believed to 
+bn judges of the fouls of the dead; becaufe they 
+exercifed the offices of judges in Crete with the 
+greatelfc prudence, diferetion, and juftice. The 
+two iirlt were the fons of Jupiter by Furopa. 
+I he lad was the fon of Jupiter by ./Eg in a ; and 
+
+when 
+
+
+itiou reft o’ th’ world, Sleep, the moil peaceful God, 
+Vt ho driv’Ii: cure Aoni the mind, and doit unload 
+
+rr ' » ... . . 7 
+
+
+1 : '.c tire.I limbs of all their wemiuefs, 
+
+-vr.u ior new toil the body doth refreih. 
+
+I “ Sunt jj-rninos Soinrii p or tie, qua ruin altera, fer 
+'■ Co-oca, qua veris facilis dutur exit us umbtis: 
+'J’-oi car.ucnd perfeCta niicm eiephantu: 
+
+S'.’i i >i!:i ad coelom mittum imomnia AumeO 
+• '> uate.- tho fiicnt lioufe of Sleep ador*» ; 
+
+['' I iv’r) tins, lli.it of lir.r.iparcnt born j 
+
+r \"- c vdions through tranlparci.t hern urile, 
+
+- hrou).»i j:oiifh’d iv’ry path deiuduuj lies. 
+
+'■-J/'vid. it. Merain. Vir^. ^iucid 6.. 
+
+J ihraer Odyfi* >. 
+
+
+tur 
+
+
+i£n. & 
+
+
+3<J© Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+when all the fubje<Sts of queen TEgina were fwept 
+away in a plague, except himfelf, he begged of h is 
+father to repair the race of mankind, which was 
+almoft extindl ; and Jupiter heard his prayer; and 
+turned ° a great multitude of ants which crept 
+about a hollow old oak into men, who afterwards 
+were called Myrmidons , from \rnurmcx } which 
+
+word dignifies an ant.. 
+
+Thefe three had their particular province align¬ 
+ed by Pluto in this manner : Rhadamanthus was 
+appointed to judge the Afiatics, and Abacus the 
+Europeans, each holding a flan in his hand : but 
+Minos holds a golden feeptre, and fits alone, and 
+overfees the judgments Rhadamanthus and fEacus; 
+and if hi their courts there arofe a cafe that was 
+ambiguous and difficult, then Minos ufed to take 
+the cognizance thereof, and decide it. p Tully adds 
+to thefe a fourth judge, Triptolemus ; hut we have 
+already difccurfed of him in his proper place. 
+
+CHAP. X. 
+
+Sect. I. The moft famous of the Condemned in 
+
+Hell. 
+
+F ROM the judges let us proceed to the crimi¬ 
+nals, whom you fee reprefen ted there in hor¬ 
+rid colours : it will he enough to take notice of 
+the mofl celebrated of them, and fhew their crimes, 
+and the punifhments which were therefore inflicted 
+on them. 
+
+Sect. II. The Giants . 
+
+T HESE Giants q were the fons of Terra (the 
+
+Earth) when he was impregnated by the blood 
+
+cl 
+
+
+© Ovid. Mctam 7. Plato in Georg. p Talc. Quselt. lib.-* 
+q Hefiod. in Tlieogon. 
+
+
+Of the Gods cf the Heathens . 16s. 
+
+ofCoelnm, which flowed from that difhcnourutdc 
+wound which his fon Saturn gave him. They are 
+all very high in ftature, with horrible dragons feet 4 
+their looks and their bodies are altogether full of 
+terror. Their impudence t was fo great, that they 
+.prove to depofe Jupiter from the pofleflion of hea- 
+'ven: and when they engaged with the celeftial 
+Gods, they s heaped up mountains upon mountains, 
+and from thence darted trees Jet on fire again ft the 
+Gods of heaven, t They hurled alfo prodigious 
+mnf;y floncs and folid rocks ; fome of which fall¬ 
+ing upon the earth again became mountains ; others 
+fell into the fea and became ifiands. This u battle 
+was fought upon the Phlaegrean plains, near the 
+borders of Campania ; v which country is called 
+Pbafegra, from [_phlego, J, uro ; for it abounds 
+
+in fubterraneous fires, aud hot baths flowing conti¬ 
+nually. The Giants were beaten and all cut off, 
+ether by Jupiter’s thunder, Apollo’s arrows, or by 
+the arms of the reft of the Gods. And fome fay, 
+that out of the blood of the {lain which v/as fpilled 
+upon the earth, ferpents and fuch invenomed and 
+pernicious animals were produced. The molt emi¬ 
+nent of thefe Giants were 
+Typhceusj or ® I'yphon , the fon of Juno, conceived 
+by her without a father. So vaft was his magni¬ 
+tude, that he touched the eaft with one hand and 
+the weft with the other, and the heavens with the 
+crown of his head. A hundred dragons heads 
+grew from his {boulders ; his body was covered 
+with feathers, feales, rugged hair, and adders ; 
+tom the ends of his fingers fnakes iffued, and his 
+two feet had the fhape and folds of a ferpent’s body. 
+His eyes fparkled with fire, and his mouth belch¬ 
+ed out flames : yet he was at laft overcome and 
+
+thrown 
+
+
+r Homer. OdyfT. 12. 
+Come?, 1 . 6. 
+
+
+s Ovid. Met am. 1 t Duris Samius. 
+\ Kcmer. Hymn, in Apollin. 
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathen r. 
+
+thrown down, and left he fliould rife again, the 
+whole if!and of Sicily was laid upon him x . This 
+ill and was alio called *Irinacria , becaufe it bears 
+the fhape of a triangle, in the corners of which r.re 
+tire three promontories Pclorus, Paclrynus, and 
+Lilybteus ; Pclorus was placed on his right hand. 
+Paehynus on his left, and Lily bams lay upon his 
+legs. 
+
+Aegean was another prodigious and cruel Giant: 
+v Virgil tells us he had fifty heads and an hundred 
+hands ; from whence he was called Centumgaii- 
+nits, and 7 by the Grecians Brittreus. He hurled an 
+hundred rocks a gain ft Jupiter at one throw; wt 
+J11 pi ter dallied him down, and bound him in an 
+hundred chains, and a thru ft him under the moun¬ 
+tain /Etna, where, as often as lie moves his fide, 
+the mountains cafts forth great (lames of fire. 
+
+b ./Hantsi becaufe of his age, could not in tin’s 
+vvar take up arms againft the Gods j hut lie fenr 
+
+OiIhh 
+
+1 ' * "" ~~ " “ " "" " ' * . . — « ■■■ " 1 
+
+x “ Nititur ills quidem, pr.gnatquc refurgere fxpe; 
+
+.Dcxtni fed Antonio mar.us ell fubietfhi Pcloro; 
+
+“ Lrcva, Pathync, tibi. Lil^bceo crura premnntur; 
+
+“ Prcugravat yEma caput.” Ovid. Melam. 1. c. 
+
+He ftrttggles oft, and cut attempts to rife. 
+
+But on Ids right-hand vuft Pclorus lies: 
+
+On’s left Pachvnns ; Lilybteus fpreads 
+
+O'er his hvgc thighs, and >Etna keeps his heads. 
+
+y “ /Hgeon qualis centum rui brarhia diennt, 
+
+“ Centenafque mantis quinquaginta orilms ignem 
+“ Pecloribufquc arfifib: Jovis cum fulniina centra 
+“ Tot paribus firepe et ciypcds, tot ftringerent enfes.” 
+
+And as y'Egeon, when with heaven he ft.rove, 
+
+.Stood oppolne in arms to mighty Jove, 
+
+J\ lov’d all his hundred hands, pi evok’d to war, 
+
+Delyhl the lorky lightning from alar: 
+
+At fifty mouths his flaming breath expires. 
+
+And flafh for flafli returns, and fires for fires ; 
+
+In his right hand as many fwords he wields. 
+
+And takes the thunder on as many fhields. 
+
+v. Homed Ilias i. a Callimachus in Lavacr. Ddi. 
+
+b Virgil. /Ericid. 6, 
+
+
+Of the Gods of' the Heathens. 263 
+
+Otlius and Ephialtes (which, though his wife had 
+them to Neptune, yet were they called y^Ioidcc^ from 
+their reputed father) : they went in their father 
+Almus’s dead, and affifled the Giants ; but the 
+fame fete attended them, and they alfo fufFered the 
+punifnnent of then- rafhuefs in hell. 
+
+fey us was the fon of e Jupiter and Elara, horn in 
+aLhterraneous cave, in which Jupiter hid his mo¬ 
+ther, fearing the anger of Juno. She brought forth 
+a child of fo prodigious a bulk, that the earth was 
+rent that lie might have a paflage out of the cave ; 
+2nd from thence he was believed to be the fon of 
+the earth. Juno afterwards perfuaded this Giant 
+to r.ccrfc Latona of adultery, whereupon Jupiter 
+ft ruck him with thunder down into hell 5 d and 
+there he lies fr.retched out, and covers nine acres 
+of ground with his body : a vulture continually 
+gnaws his liver, which grows again every month. 
+
+To thefe wc might add the Titans, c the foils of 
+Terra and Cesium ; the chief of whom was Tita- 
+11113, Saturd’s cldelt brother, who made war againfl 
+Jupiter, becaufe Jupiter ufurped the kingdom which 
+v:r.s due to him by hereditary right. In this war 
+
+Titanus 
+
+c Apol. 1 . 
+
+<1 Ntcnon & Tityum lerrcc omniparent is alumnum 
+Cerncrc crat; cui tota novem per jug-era corpus 
+'* Porrigitur, roltroque immanis vultur ad unco 
+Inimortale jeeur tumlens, foecundaque pcenis 
+Viiccra, rimaturque epulis, habitatque Tub alto 
+“ Pcclorc, nec ftbris requies datur uila renatis.” Virg. AEn. 6. 
+There Tityus tortur’d lay, who took his birth 
+from hcav’n, his nuriing from tlie fruitful earth; 
+
+Here Jus gigantic limbs, with large embrace, 
+
+Infold nine acres of infernal fpace : 
+
+A rav’nous vulture in his open fide 
+Kcr crooked beak and cruel talons try’d; 
+
+the growing liver digg’d the breaft, 
+ihe growing liver ft ill fupply’d the fealt: 
+
+J'ill arc the entrails fruitful to their pains. 
+
+Hi immortal hunger laiis, th* immortal food remains, 
+
+e ^LichyL in Promctlieo. 
+
+
+■ 
+
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+
+
+
+"Titanus and his party were beaten, and afterward, 
+-call down into hell. 
+
+Sect. III. Other famous Offenders . 
+
+P HLEGYAS, king of the Lapithre in Thaiialia, 
+was the father of the Nymph Coronis. When 
+he heard that Apollo had debauched his daughter, 
+he went in anger and fired the temple of Apollo at 
+Delphi ; for which the enraged God (hot him 
+through the body with an arrow, and indicted oa 
+him the following punifiiment : a great ftone hangs 
+over his head, which he imagines every moment 
+will fall down and crulh him to pieces : thus hefi 
+perpetually fearing what will never come to pals, 
+which makes him frequently call out to men fto 
+obferve the rules of juftice and the precepts of re- 
+
+«oj.j 
+
+Ixion was the fon of this Ph'legyas. He hilled his 
+own filler, and obtained his pardon from the Gods, 
+who advanced him to heaven : his profperity made 
+him wanton, fo that he attempted to violate the 
+chaftity of Juno. This infolcnt attempt was dii- 
+covered to Jupiter, who fent a cloud in the i’napeof 
+Tuno, which the deceived lover embraced, and 
+from’thence tliofe moil hers the Centaurs were born: 
+hereupon he was thrown down to the earth again: 
+where, hecaufe he boaited every-where that he had 
+familiarly known the queen of the Gods, he was 
+ft ruck with thunder down into hell, and tied fall to 
+
+a wheel which turns about continually. 
+
+Salmoneus was king of Elis. Iiis ambition was not 
+fatisfied with an earthly crown, for he deiired di¬ 
+vine honours : and that the people might eileem 
+him a God, he built a brazen bridge over the 
+city, and drove his chariot upon it ; imitating 
+
+
+-* - W 
+
+f “ Difeite uiftitiam monitx, «Sc non temnere Divos.'” 
+
+Virg* it-h. 
+
+Learn juftice hence, and dont’t defpife the Gods. 
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 265 
+
+by this noife Jupiter’s thunder. He threw down 
+I lighted torches, andthofe who were ftruck by them 
+vere taken and killed. Jupiter would not fufFer lb 
+1 great infolence; therefore threw the proud man 
+from his ftage headlong into hell, where /Eneas, 
+1 when he vifited the infernal regions, faw him pu¬ 
+nched, as Virgil relates. 
+
+Sifyphus was a famous robber, killed by Thefeus : 
+ft lie is condemned in hell, to roll *a great and un¬ 
+wieldy Hone to the top of a high hill; and as oft 
+as the hone almoft touches the top of the mountain, 
+it rolls down again. 
+
+The Bolides were fifty virgin fillers, fo called 
+from their grandfather Belus; named alfo Danaides 
+from their father Danaus, who married them to 
+the fifty fons of his brother. The oracle foretold 
+that Danaus fhould be fiain by his fort-in-law ; 
+wherefore he commanded his daughters to provide 
+daggers, and on their wedding-night to kill their 
+hufbands. All the daughters performed their pro- 
+mifes, and killed their huibands; but Hypermneftra 
+fpared Lynceus her hufband, who afterwards killed 
+Danaus, and took his kingdom. This great impiety 
+was thus puniflied : kThey were condemned to 
+draw water out of a deep well, and full a tub that 
+(like a fieve) is full of holes : the water runs out 
+of the tub as fall as it is put in, fo that they are 
+
+tormented with an unprofitable labour without 
+;nd. 
+
+M 'Tantalus 
+
+f>“ Vidi crudcles dantem Salmonea pcenas, 
+
+“ Dum flamraas Jovis Sc fonitus imitalur Olympi. JEru 6. 
+Salmoi eus J uttering cruel pains I found 
+for emulating Jove; the rattling found 
+Of manic thunder, and the glittering blaze 
+Of p'/ oted lightnings, and their forked rays. 
+
+, r d Argon. i Ingens &; non exfuperabile Saxura. Virg'. 
+
+Afliduas repettnt quas perdunt Bolides undas.” 
+
+T1 Ovid. Met. 4. 
+
+1 Sle ? hourly ietch the water that they ipiijU 
+
+
+0.66 Of the Gods of the Heathens • 
+
+Vfantahts is another remarkable criminal. He 
+was the 1 fon of Jupiter by the Nymph Plota. He 
+-invited all the Gods to a feaft, to get a plain and 
+clear proof of their divinity : when they came, he 
+killed and quartered his own fon Pelops, and boil 
+ed him, and fet the joints before them to eat. A 1 
+the Gods abftained from fuch horrid diet, excep 
+Ceres, who ate one of the child’s ihoulders. Af. 
+terward the Gods fet Mercury to recal him t 
+life, and gave him an ivory lhoulder inftead of tli 
+fhoulder which Ceres had eaten m . This Pelops \va 
+the hufband of Hippodamia, of whom Atreus an 
+Thycftes were born : the latter whereof was ba 
+nifhed, becaufe he corrupted his brother Atreus’ 
+wife ; and when he was recalled from bamfhment 
+•he ate up thofe-children that he had by her: fo 
+Atreus killed them, and brought them in diihes t 
+the table, where he and Thyefl.es dined together 
+It is faid that the Sun was not able to endure fi 
+horrible a light, hut. turned his courfe hack agai 
+to the eafl. But as Tantalus’s crime was grate: 
+fo was his punifhment; n for he is tormented witl 
+eternal hunger and thirft in the midft ofplcnty bG 
+• of meat and drink : he Hands in water up to hi 
+lips, but cannot drink it; and meat is placed ju: 
+to his mouth, which he cannot take hold of. 0 Ovii 
+mentions the punifhment of Tantalus, but 
+another reafon for it; namely, becaufe he divulgi 
+the fecrets of the Gods to men. But this was b 
+part of his punifhment; for p over his head hail 
+
+
+m .Pindar, in Oiyn»p< 
+
+
+1 Eufeb. Frxp. Evaug. 
+n Homer. OdyfT. II. 
+o “ Querit acuas in aquis, & poma fugacia captat 
+„ Tantalus : hoc illi garrula lingua dedit.” 
+Half-drowivd he thirfts, the dangling apples fvving 
+From’s gaping chaps: this comes of prattling, 
+p , Hunc fuper atra filex, jaanjam lapfura cadcnti 
+Imminet ailixnilis.” 
+
+
+Virg. JE* 1, 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the He a the 11 s\ 
+
+
+26 7 
+
+
+a weight y ft one, which he, with horror and dread, 
+expeds Ihould fall on him and dafh. out his brains 
+
+every moment. 
+
+Now this fable of Tantalus reprefents the con¬ 
+dition of a mifer, who in the midft of plenty fuf- 
+fers want, and wants as much the things which he 
+has as thofe which *he has not; as Horace rightly 
+fays, q where he applies this fable of Tantalus to 
+the real wants of the covetous man. 
+
+
+CHAP. XI. 
+
+MojiJiers of Hell . 
+
+THERE are many ftrange pictures of thefe in« 
+fernal monfters j but the moll deformed are the 
+Centaurs, who were the ancient inliahitants of 
+Theffalia, and the fir ft who tamed horfes and ufed 
+them in war. Their neighbours, who iirft faw 
+them on horfeback, thought that they had partly 
+the members of a man and partly the limbs of a 
+horfe. But the poets tell us another It cry: for 
+they fay that Ixion begat them of a cloud, which 
+he believed to be Juno ; from whence they are cal¬ 
+led Nubigena in Virgil, JEn. 6. ; and Bacchus is 
+hud to have overcome them. 
+
+Gcryon , becaufehe was the king of the three iflands 
+which t are called £alearides> r is feigned to have 
+
+M 2. three 
+
+
+a mafly ft one, 
+
+Keady to drop hangs o’er his eurfed head, 
+q “ Tantalus a labris fitiens fugientia captat 
+" Flumina. Quid rides ? mutato nomine, de tc 
+“ Fabula narratur.” (Serna. 3. 
+
+though Tantalus, you’ve heard, does ftand chin-deep 
+ia v/ater, yet he cannot get a lip: 
+
+all on’t would be true, 
+and the tale told of vou. 
+
+
+
+
+v-uliu, yet ne cannot get 
+
+pt which you fmile : now a 
+v * here the name chang’d, a 
+* 1 ricornorem 5: 
+
+
+orporem & tergeminum fuille. 
+
+
+*68 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+three bodies : or it may be becaufe there were 
+three brothers of the fame name, whofe minds and 
+afFe&ions were fo united, that they feemed to be goJ 
+verned and to live by one foul. They add, that 
+Geryon kept oxen which devoured the flrangcri 
+that came to him: they were guarded by a doj 
+with two heads, and a dragon with feven. Her, 
+cules killed the guards, and drove the oxen after- 
+
+.ward away. . > : 
+
+The Harpies w r ere fo called s from their rapacity 
+
+. they were born of Oceanus and Terra, witli th ! 
+faces of virgins and the bodies of birds; tbei 
+hands were armed with claws, and their habitatio: 
+was in the iflands. Their names were, Hello, Ocj 
+pctc> and Celeno which laft brought forth Zepl.V 
+IUS (the weft wind), and Balius and Xanthus tin 
+horfes of Achilles. Virgil gives us an 1 horrid de 
+feription ©f thefe three fillers. 
+
+To the three Harpies add the three Gorgons 
+Medttfa , Stheno , and Euryale , who were the daugh¬ 
+ters of Phorcus and Cete. Inftead of hair, theid 
+heads were covered with vipers ; which fo terrifiei 
+the beholder, that they inllantly turned him ini 
+
+
+t 
+
+
+A e?0ZJcc.Z,u, rapio. 
+
+“ At fubito horrifico lapfu de montibus ad fun t 
+Harpyse; magnis quatiunt clangoribus alas : 
+Sive De?e, feufunt Dine, obfeoenasque volucres. 
+Triitius haud illis monftriun eft nec fasvior iilla 
+Peilis ira Deum Stygiis fefe extulit undis. 
+Virginei volucrum vultus, feediflima ventris 
+Profuvies uncaeque manus, pallida temper 
+Ore fame.” 
+
+When from the mountain tops with hideous cry 
+And clatteriug wings, the filthy Harpies fly ; 
+Monfters more fierce offended heaven ne’er lent, 
+From hell’s abyfs, for human punifliment : 
+
+With virgin faces, hut with breafts oblcene 
+Foul paunches, and with ordure ftill unclean; 
+.With claw's ior hands, and looks for ever leap. 
+
+
+<4 
+
+
+44 
+
+
+44 
+
+
+
+
+44 
+
+
+44 
+
+
+4 i 
+
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+
+269 
+
+
+a {lone. Perhaps they intended to rexorefent by this 
+part of the fable the extraordinary beauty of thefe 
+{Hers, which was fuch, that whofoerer faw them 
+were amazed, and flood immoveable like flones. 
+There were other Gorgons, betides, born of the 
+fame parents, who were called La mice, or Jlw/ju/c£\ ' 
+8 They had only one eye and one tooth, common to 
+them all : they kept this tooth and eye at 
+home in a little veflel, and Hie who went abroad 
+11 fed them. v They had the faces of women, 
+and alfo the necks and breafls - 7 but below 
+thej were covered with feales, and had the tails of 
+ferpents. They ufed to entice men, and then de¬ 
+vour them. Their breafls were naked, and their 
+bofoms were open. They looked on the ground as 
+it were out of modefty. Thus they tempted men 
+jtodifcourfe with them; and when they came near, 
+thefe Lamise ufed to fly in their faces and flrangle 
+them, and tear them to pieces barbaroufly. And 
+what more plainly exprefles the devilrfh arts of 
+wicked women, againft whom the Scriptures cau¬ 
+tion us in thefe words, x cc The fea-monflers draw 
+| out the breaft, they give fuck?” Others only men- 
+non one Lamia, who was a mo ft beautiful woman 1 
+Jupiter debauched her, and Juno through jealoufy 
+[deprived her of the children that lhe bore. She 
+ecauie diftrafted with grief, and devoured other 
+copie s children in their cradles, 
+lhe Chwuvra y is a monfter z which vomits 
+fi lie has the head and breaft of a lionefs, 
+beliy of a goat, and the tail of a dragon, as it 
+: ex prcfied a in a known verfe, and deferibed by 
+
+M z Ovid. 
+
+
+I 
+
+b 
+
+
+!’ p h r l in Promcth. v Dion. Hift. Libya;. 
+
+• nmuc mid a vc rant inammam. Laincntat. iv. 3. 
+
+;• Uiuv.s, Rcrum Llbyoarum. 1 . 2. 
+
+' ^ !n -^ Iliad. 14. Hefiod. in Theog. 
+
+, ieo, poftrema draco, media inde eapella. 
+
+_• <- head anil breaft refemblc his ; 
+
+r!:s '' U: ' a goat's, hi? tail a dragon’s Is._ 
+
+
+
+
+S' *- 
+
+
+rO 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathen *. 
+
+
+* Ovid. A volcano in Lycia occafioned this F'tbie 
+for in the top of the mountain were lions, in tin 
+middle (which was pallure) goats lived, and the 
+bottom of it abounded with ferpents. c Selhro- 
+phon made this mountain habitable, and is JV 
+therefore to have killed the Chimcsra. 
+
+The monfter Sphinx was begotten of d Typhc 
+and Echidna. She had the head and face of a your 
+
+V 
+
+woman, the wings of a bird, and the body and fee 
+of a dog. She lived in the mountain Sphirciu 
+alia ul ted all pafTcngers, and infefted the countr 
+about Thebes ; infomuch that the oracle of Apoli 
+was confultcd concerning her; and anfwcr w: 
+made, that unlefs fomebody did refolve tlie ridel 
+of Sphinx, there would be no end of that gren 
+' evil. Many endeavoured to explain it ; butwa 
+overcome, and torn in pieces by the ir.oril 
+Creon at that time was king of Thebes; who-nm 
+
+_ _ ^ ^ a 4 _ _ « 4 t « » /» 
+
+
+i 
+
+
+liflied an edi£t through all Greece, in which, if an« 
+one could, explain the riddle of Sphinx, lie prr»*ni" 
+fed that he would give him to wife his own iifie 
+Jocalta. The riddle was this : c What animal 
+
+* i that which goes upon four feet in the morning 
+u upon two at noon, and upon three at night? 
+Oedipus, encouraged with the hopes of the rewrud 
+undertook it, and happily explained it ; fo that th 
+Sphinx was enraged, and caft herfelf headlong iror 
+a rock and died. Pie fa id that the animal wa. 
+man, who in his infancy creeps upon his hands an 
+feet, and fo may be laid to go on four foot ; vJie 
+he grows up, lie walks on two feet ; but when a 
+
+
+
+T) “ Quocpie Chi.nxra jugo, iiudii-> ir. pan hr.-. J 
+** Peel us Sc ora lex- caud.uo d racer, is hafccbrm” 
+
+——Arid o'er the craggy lop 
+Chimera dwells, with lion’s face ami mane, 
+
+A goat's rough body, and a dragon’s train, 
+c Paufan. in Corinth. cl Vide Natal. Corn, 
+
+e Quidnana anixual mane ^uadrupes, mcridifc.bipee, veiperi.tnf« 
+cil'ct ? 
+
+
+* 
+
+
+Of the Gods of' the Heathens • 2 * 2' 
+
+g ro ws old, he ufes the fupport of a ftafF, and fo 
+ma y be faid to walk on three feet. 
+
+This Oedipus was the fon of Laius s king of 
+Thebes. Soon after his birth, Laius commanded a 
+foldier to carry his fon Oedipus into a wood, and 
+then deftroy him, becaufe it had been foretold bv 
+the oracle that he fhould be killed by his own fon : 
+bat the foldier was moved with pity towards the 
+child, and afraid to imbrue his hands in royal 
+blood: wherefore he pierced his feet with a hook,, 
+•and hung him upon a tree to be killed with hun¬ 
+ger. One of the hicpherds of Polybius king of Co¬ 
+rinth found him, and brought him to the queen ; 
+who, becaufe (he had no children, educated him as 
+her own fon, and from h his fivollen feet called 
+him Oedipus. Tills Oedipus, when he came to age, 
+knew that king Polybius was not his father, and 
+therefore refolved to find out his parents ; confult- 
+ingthe oracle, he was told that he fliould meet his 
+father in Pbocis. In bis journey he met feme puf- 
+feogers, among whom was his father, but he 
+knew him not.; a quarrel arofe, and in the fray he 
+by chance killed his father. After this he pro¬ 
+ceeded on his journey, and arrived at Thebes,, 
+where he overcame Sphinx, and for his reward 
+married Jocafla, whom he knew not to be his 
+mother then, but difeovered it afterward. He had 
+By her two fons, Etcocles and Polynices ; and two 
+daughters, Antigone and Ifmena. * When after¬ 
+ward he found by clear proof that he had killed 
+bis father and married his mother, he was feized. 
+with fo great madnefs,. that he pulled out his own- 
+eyes, and had killed himfelf, if his daughter Anti¬ 
+gone (who led him. about after he was blind) had. 
+not hindered him.. 
+
+
+M 4 
+
+
+K t codes 
+
+
+R Suit. i. Thcb. Plutarch. ./Titian. &. alii. 
+
+1 Puerum Oedipum vocavit a rum ore pedum. cthtJ 
+* ~ h »' Mem fignificat. 
+
+1 Scaeia Oc dip, 
+
+
+cnim. t umeo 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+0 /* Gods of the Heath c?is. 
+
+
+Eteocles and Polynices, the fons of Oedipus 
+
+
+an< 
+
+
+Jocafta, k fucceeded their father in the government; j 
+they agreed to reign each a year by turns J 
+Ihteocles reigned the flrft year, and then refuted to j 
+adroit, his brother Polynices to the throne: where-f 
+upon a war aroie, and the two brothers in a duel* 
+killed each .other. Their enmity lafled longer than| 
+their lives; for when their bodies were placed on* 
+the fame pile to be burnt by the fame fire, the 
+flames refufed to unite, but divided themfelves into 
+two parts. 
+
+
+
+
+CHAP. XII 
+
+
+Ihe EhYSlUM. 
+
+
+r ’pHERE is a place in the infernal dominion 
+abounding with pleafure and delights, which 
+is called the Klyjluv.: ,* 1 becaufe thither the fouls c 
+the good come after they are loofed from the chains 
+of the body, when they have been purged from the 
+light offences that they have contracted in this 
+
+
+world. m Alneas received this account from one 
+of the inhabitants of it, as Virgil tells us, n whode- 
+
+fqribea 
+
+
+
+
+k Stat. Then. 
+
+1 *A zfo rrr,c p , folutione ; quod animat piorum corporci: 
+
+fclutse vincuiis, loca ilia petant poftquam purgatse funt a lcvior:- 
+hus noxis quas contraxerant. 
+
+m “ Ouifquc fuos patimur manes; exintje per amplum 
+JVTittiixu’r Elyiium Sc pauci lseta arvatenerous.*' 
+
+All have their manes, and thofe manes bear : 1 
+
+The few whoTe cleans’d m thofe abodes repair, > 
+
+And breathe in ample fields the foft Elyiian air. J 
+
+n ; Devenere locos lcetos, 8c amcena vireta 
+“ Fortunatorum nemorum fedefque beatas: 
+
+** Lavgior hie campos jether quoque lunjina veftit 
+
+* k - Purpureo. folemque fuum fua fidera norunt.” 
+
+' ’ ’ Thtfc 
+
+
+r * 
+
+
+d 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 2 
+
+bribes this place as abounding with all the delights 
+that the moll pleafaut plains, the moft verdant 
+gelds, the moft ftiady groves, and the flneft and moft; 
+temperate air can produce. 
+
+CHAP. XIII. 
+
+fhe Rivet' LETHE. 
+
+' rpHERE is* a river in hell called Lethe , 0 from 
+| the forgetfulnefs it caufes. For if any body 
+drinks this water, he immediately forgets all things 
+pall: fo that when the fouls of the pious have 
+[pent many ages in the Elyfian fields, p they drink 
+the water of Lethe, and are believed to pafs into 
+new bodies and return into the world again, and it 
+isnecefiary that they forget both the pleafures that 
+they have received in Elyfium, and the miferies 
+which they heretofore endured in this life, that 
+they may willingly return into this miferable life 
+again. Thefe fouis went out from Elyfium by that 
+ivory gate which you fee painted in the lower part 
+of this wall 5 and, if you pleafe, we will go through 
+this gate, and leave thefe infernal regions, to view 
+more beautiful, though not lefs ridiculous, images 
+of the other Gods. 
+
+P. I will attend you with pleafure. 
+
+M 5 PART 
+
+Thefe holy rites perform’d, they took their way 
+Vi here long extended plains of plealure lay. 
+
+Ihe fields are verdant, and with heaven may vie, 
+
+With tether veiled, and a purple Iky 
+The blifsful feats of happy fouls below. 
+
+Stars of their own, and their own fun they know. 
+
+1 Aaro fas, ab oblivione 
+
+P l ' ——- Animte quibus altera fato 
+Corpora debentur, Lethaei ad fiuminis undam 
+” Securos latices &. longa oblivia potant.” 
+
+““— Souls that by Fate 
+
+Are doom’d to take new fhapes, at Lethe’s brink 
+draughts fecur«. and long oblivion drink. 
+
+
+PART 
+
+
+V. 
+
+
+Of the Dii Minorum Gentium; 
+
+
+OX THE 
+
+
+Subordinate Deities 
+
+
+CHAP. I. 
+
+'Xhe Penates,. 
+
+
+Af -XT° W ’ ^ et us-view the fifth di- 
+
+vifion of this fabulous Pantheon, in 
+which the inferior or fubordinate Gods are con¬ 
+tained : the Latins generally called them DiiMino - 
+rum Gentium , arid fometimes Semones r Minuti , P/f- 
+ieti f and Patellar it*. 
+
+P. Thofe deities appear to be painted without 
+confufion, in very good order, and. very diftin&lj. 
+
+M . They are fo 5 and if we confider how in. 
+finite the number of them was, it is plain. tha ! 
+the Romans had almoft as many Gods as then 
+are things. And, indeed*how great are the num« 
+her of Gods who preiide over inconfiderable things, 
+iince there are three Gods to keep one door ! Firfl, 
+the God Ferculus looks after the door, theGoddefa 
+Cardua after the hinges, and Limentius after th<fl 
+tlireChold. I fhall only briefly fpeak of thofe whol 
+affift, or .any ways prefierve men, from their birthl 
+to their deaths 1 
+
+
+OJ' the Gods of the Ilea thesis*- ^*15 
+
+The Pestates are fo called from the Latin word 
+fenus s which, a Tully fays, includes every thing 
+that men eat. Or elfe they have this name from the 
+place allotted to- them in the heavens; b becaufc 
+they are placed in the moil inward and private 
+parts of the heavens where they reign : Hence they 
+call them- Penetrales , and the place of their abode 
+I'cnctrale. They entirely govern us by their rea- 
+fon, their heat, and their fpirit fo that we can nei¬ 
+ther live, nor ufe our underflanding c without them^, 
+yet we know neither the number nor names of 
+them. The ancient Hetrufci called them Confentes 
+and Complices; fuppofing that they are Jupiter’s- 
+counfellors, and the chief of the Gods: and many 
+reckon Jupiter himfelf, together with Juno and 
+Minerva, among the Penates. But I will give you 
+a more diftin£t and particular information in this' 
+matter. 
+
+There were three orders of the Dii Penates z 
+l. Thofc who governed d kingdoms and provinces,, 
+ind were absolutely and folely called Penates * 
+
+. Thofe who preiided over cities only; and thefe' 
+ere called the Gods of the country , or the great 
+'ads-. /Eneas makes mention of them in c Virgil 
+!• Thofe who prefidtd over particular lioufes and 
+families, and thefe were called f fmull Gods „ The 
+
+)ets make frequent mention of them, efjDecially 
+lrgil, who in one place mentions fifty fervant 
+aids, whofe bufinefs it was to look after their 
+airs,, and to offer facrifices to the houfeholdi 
+
+M- 6 Gods ; 
+
+
+a Eft enim penus omne quo vefeuntur homines, c. 2. de Nat. 
+b Qjiod penitus infideant, ex quo Penetrales a ptfetis vocantur 
+locus-in quo iervabantur eorum effigies Penetrate dnftus. Var- 
+ap. Arnob. I. 3. 
+
+c Virg. JEn. 1. 5. 
+
+‘1 Dii Patrii S-itf srccjgwra.' Macrob. 3. Saiumr/4. Plut. 4. Sy.ittp. n 
+f Tu genitor, cape iacra manu patriofque Penates,” 
+
+Our country Gods, the relics and the bands, 
+
+Hold you, my father, in your guiltlefs hand.fc* 
+trarviqye. Penates, Yirg. JEsu 8, 
+
+
+
+
+* 7 & 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens* 
+
+
+Gods: and in ?• another place he fpeaks of tliefe, 
+ho lifehold Gods being ftained and defiled by the 
+blood of one that was killed by his brother. But 
+it muft likewife be obferved, that amongft the La¬ 
+tins the word Penates not- only fignifies the God j. 
+of which we have been fpeaking, but likewife ligl 
+nifies a dvoelling-houfe, of which we have inftanee^ 
+in many authors, and among the reft, in !l Virgil ■ 
+i Tully, and k Fabius. \ 
+
+1 Timaeus, and from him Dionyftus, fays, that- 
+thefe Penates-had no proper ftiape or figure ; biu 
+were wooden or. brazen rods, fhaped fomewhat lik^ 
+trumpets. But it is alfo thought by others, tint 
+they had the ftiape of young men with fpeatv 
+which they held apart from one another. 
+
+
+r«i 
+
+
+
+
+CHAP. II. 
+
+
+'The- Lares. 
+
+
+
+
+r | -1 HE Lares were children born from the ftoien 
+embraces of Mercury and the Nymph Lara • 
+for when, by her prating, fhe had dilcovered fomc 
+of Jupiter’s amours, he was fo enraged that he cm 
+out her tongue, and banilhedher to the Stygian lake, 
+Mercury, who was appointed to conduct her thi¬ 
+ther, raviftied her upon the road. “She grew big 
+with child, and in due time brought forth twin:., 
+and named them lai:es . 
+
+
+I 
+
+
+
+
+They 
+
+
+g Flammas adolere Penates. A£n. i, 
+h Sparfos fraterna caede Penates. Ain. 4. 
+i Noftris fuccede penatibus hofpes. 
+
+k Exterminare aliquem a luis DiisPenatibus. . Pro Sextc. 
+
+1 Liberos pellere dorao at prohibe Penatibus. Dec. zCo. 
+
+lib. 1. 
+
+♦ * 
+
+in “ Fitque gravis geminofque parit qui compita fervant. 
+
+44 Et Vigilant noftra Temper in sede Lares ” Ovid. Fait. a. 
+Her twins tne Lares call’d. ’Tis by their care 
+Our .houfes* roads, and greets, in fafetjr are 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens* ^ 7 T 
+
+They were made domeftic Gods $ and according¬ 
+ly prefidcd over n hou-fes, .ftreets, and ways. Ore 
+this account they were worlhipped p in the roads 
+and open ftreets, called in Latin, Compita; from' 
+whence the games celebrated in their honour were 
+called p Compitalitiiy, Com pit alitia 9 . and fome times 
+Compita Ha, When thefe fports were exercifed, q the 
+images of men and womens made of wool, were- 
+hung in the ftreets ; and fo many balls made of wool 
+as there were forvants in the family, and fo many 
+complete images as there were children. The 
+meaning of which cuflom was this : Thefe feafts 
+were dedicated to the Lares, who-were efteemed 
+infernal Gods : the people deli ring hereby that thefe 
+Gods would be contented with thefe woollen 
+images, and (pare the perfons reprefen ted by them,, 
+The Roman youths ufetl to wear a golden orna¬ 
+ment, called hnlla , about tlieir necks ; it was made: 
+in the lhape of a heart, and hollow within. This- 
+they wore till they were fourteen years of age, and., 
+then they put it oft', and hanging it up, confecrated 
+it to the Lares, as we learn from r Perfius. Thefe 
+Lares fometimes s were clothed in the Ikins of 
+dogs j and were 1 fometimes fafhioned.in the fhape 
+of dogs , whence that creature was. confecrated to. 
+them. 
+
+* 
+
+The places in which the Lares were worfhipped. 
+was called Lararivm ; and in the facrifices offered 
+to them the firft fruits of the year, u wine and in-. 
+cenfe were brought, to their altars, and their images-. 
+
+adorned 
+
+
+- ■■ ■ m 1 -■■■ ■ .— ■ ■ ■ -■ »—■■■■ * 
+
+n Martial. 1 . 3. Epigr. 57. o Arnob. 2. 
+
+p Varro de Re Ruliica; &; de Ling. Lat. 5. 
+q Feftus apud. Lil. Gyr. 
+
+r u Builaque fuccin&is Laribus donata pepenclit.” ’ 
+
+When fourteen years are pafi, the bulla’s laid 
+A tide, an ottering to the Lares made, 
+s Plutarch, in Frob.. t Plautus, 
+
+Tibullus, 1 . 1. in prol. AuL 
+
+
+
+S'7 8' Of the Gods of the Hecit 7 jcns\ 
+
+adorned with chaplets and garlands. v The beg?h„ 
+ning of whiph. worfliip' came from hence, that aa* 
+ciently the dead, x who were buried at home, were 
+worihipped as Gods, and called Lares. And be- 
+fides, we find in y Pliny, that they Sacrificed witli 
+■wine and incenfe to the images of the emperors 
+while they } r et lived. 
+
+CHAP. III. 
+
+Sect. I. j the Genii. Lheir Names 
+
+
+A LTHOUGH the Genii and the Lares fome- 
+
+times mean the fame Deities, yet by Genius is 
+commonly meant that fpirit of nature which be¬ 
+gets all things, from which 2 generative power it 
+has its name j or elfe it is fb called, becaufe it ai- 
+fifts all generations; or laftly, becaufe it projects 
+and defends us when we are begotten. The birth¬ 
+day and the marriage-bed had the name 2 genial 
+from him; which name b was likewife given all 
+days wherein mirth, pleafure, and joys abounded, 
+And on the fame account thofe who live merrily, 
+who deny themfelves nothing to procure eafe and 
+pleafure, or that is grateful to their appetite, who 
+entirely follow the di&ates of their fenfual defires, 
+are faid to live a genial life, or to indulge their 
+
+
+genius. 
+
+The Greeks called thefe Genii. Demons, as it is 
+
+
+thought, from the c terror and dread they create in 
+
+thofe to whom they appear 5 or, as it is more pro- 
+
+bable, 
+
+
+v.Juvenal. Sat. £>. 1-2. x Amob. ex. Var. $> 
+
+y Epiftol. i. 10. 
+
+z A gignendo feu genentlo, nam geno pro gigno olim dicebatur. 
+Aug. de Civitate Dei 7. Cicero de .Oratore, a, St de Inven- 
+tione 
+
+a Cenforin. de Dre Nat. 3. 
+
+S Ifidor. 3 . Etymol. c. ult. 
+
+c Dsemones dicuntur « cxtficay exterreo, aut> patefacio» Ewfe 
+bius. 
+
+
+Of the Gods- of the Heathens 
+
+
+*79 
+
+
+bable, from the prudent and -wife anfwers which 
+they gave when they were confulted as oracles,, 
+tffence fome think, that illuftrious men, whofe 
+/iciions in this life, gain them univerfal praife and- 
+applaufe, after their deaths become demons : by 
+which demons is to be underffood, f as Plutarch, 
+fays, beings of a middle kind ; of a greater dignity, 
+than man, but of a nature inferior to the gods. 
+
+Sect. II. ‘their linages. 
+
+T HE images of the Genii refembled for the molt 
+part the form ? of a ferpent, according to* 
+b Perfius and his- commentators. Sometimes alfo> 
+they were deferibed like a boy* or a girl, dr an old 
+man; and crowned with the leaves of the plain- 
+tree i which was a tree facred to the Genii. 
+
+Sect. III. Sacrifices offered to the Genii . 
+
+W INE and flowers were offered up.in the fa~ 
+
+crifices to the Genii,, and that efpecially 
+ly people on their birth-days, as we may learn from, 
+k Peifius and Horace *. To thefe flowers and wine 
+
+they 
+
+
+d Vel quafi 'Sa. 7 TfAons > id eft, periti rerumque preefeii, nam re«» 
+fponfa dabant conl'ulentibus. Ilidor. &c Etymol. S.. 
+e Socrates ex Hef. ap. Plat. Ibid. f Lib. de Orat, 
+
+g Statii Theb. 5. ^ J 
+
+h “ Pinge duos angues; pueri, facer eft locus, extra- 
+“ Meriete.- 
+
+Paint here two fnakes; let no youth dare 
+Defile thofe walls that facred are. 
+
+Vide la Cerdre Commentar. in -< 3 ilneid.. 
+i Platanus putabatur arbor genialis.. 
+
+k “ Fundo merum Genio.”- 
+
+To Genius confecrate a cheerful glafs. 
+
+J ( “ —--piebant 
+
+1 Poribus Sc vino Genium memorem brevis cevi,. 
+
+Cura fcciis operum Sc pueris Sc conjuge fida.” Ep. 1. 3. 
+
+Their wives, their neighbours, and their prattling boys, 
+
+^erc call'd 5 all tailed of their fportive joys: 
+
+The? 
+
+
+1 
+
+
+
+280 Of the Gods of the Ileafttens* 
+
+they added incenfe, parched bread, and corn ftretf- 
+ed with fait. ra Sometimes alfo a fovv wasfacrificeri; 
+though Cenforius writes, that it was not ufual to 
+facriftce to the Genii with the blood and flaughtei 
+of any thing, fince we ought not to take life iron, 
+other creatures 011 that day on which we received it. 
+
+
+SECT. IV. fheir Offices. 
+
+r p , HE Genii were appointed the continual guar- 
+dians, overfeers, n and fafe keepers of the men 
+(as 0 womens guardians and protestors were called 
+Ju 7 io 7 ics 9 from their cradles to their graves. Thev 
+likewife carried the prayers of men to the gods, 
+and interceded for therm . Whence fome call them 
+PrafHtes , or chief governors , p becaufe the} r are let 
+over the management of all things. 
+
+To every perfon q were afligned two Genii, 3 
+bonus Genius , and a mains Genius : l ' Horace calh 
+them a white and a black one. We are told by b Va¬ 
+lerius Maximus, that when Caflius fled to Athens, 
+after Antony was beaten at Altitun, there appear¬ 
+ed to him a man of a large feature, of a black Avar- 
+thy complexion, with long hair and a nafty beard. 
+Caflius a Iked him who he was ? and the apparition 
+anfwered, I a? 7 i your evil Genius . Virgil is thought 
+by his c Commentator, Servius, to mean thefe two 
+Genii, by the word manes . Of thefe two Genii, 
+the good one, which is given to every one at his 
+
+birth, 
+
+
+They drank, they danc’d, they fung, made wanton fport, 
+Enjoy’d themfelves, f?*r life they knew was fhort. 
+m Flat, in AnI. Palaeph. Eel. 5. Hor. Carm. 3. 
+n Arrian, in Epithet. o Polit. Mifcell._c. 99. 
+
+p Quod prwfint gerundis omnibus. Martianus de Nupt. 2. 
+q Plut. de Ifide St ©fir. 
+
+r Genium album Sc nigrum. Horat. Epift. 2. 
+s Interrogates quifquam efiet, refpondit ie efie Kctxo^uifMivx. Val. 
+Max.. I. 1. c. 7. 
+
+t Quifque fuos pjitimur manes. Virg. SF+n, 6. Vide JServmO’ 
+in loc. 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+
+2&I 
+
+
+•jjrth, conftantly incites him to the practice of vir¬ 
+tue and goodnefs; whereas the bad one prompts 
+jijni to all manner of vice and wickednefs. 
+
+Npr were, they affigned to men only: for feveral 
+countries had their Genii, who therefore were cal-, 
+led the u Deities of the place . Nay, v Genii were 
+allotted to all lioufes, and doors, and flables, and 
+hearths: and becaufe the hearths were ufually co¬ 
+vered with Hates or bricks, therefore the God of 
+ihe hearths was called JLateranus: but of thefe 
+enough. Let us now proceed to the other inferior 
+
+
+p • 
+
+
+deities. 
+
+
+CHAP. IV. 
+
+The Nuptial Gods a?id GoddeJJes* 
+
+FIVE deities were fo abfolulely neceffary to all 
+*- marriages, that none could be lawfully folem- 
+nized without them. They were x Jupiter per - 
+\fiftus or adult us y Juno perfefia or adult a, Venus+ 
+Smda, and Dia/ia : Befides which, feveral inferior 
+Gods and Goddeffes were worfhipped at all mar¬ 
+riages . 
+
+y Jugatinus joined the man and the woman toge-. 
+ther in the yoke of matrimony* 
+
+Domiducus 2 guided the bride into the bride¬ 
+groom’s houfe. 
+
+Domitius was worfhipped, that the bride might 
+be a kept at home, to look after the affairs of the fa-. 
+
+mily. 
+
+Manturna was worfhipped that the wife might 
+
+never 
+
+
+u Nunaeu loci. Virg. /En. 7. 
+
+trud. in Symm. Laterculis extrui foci folebant. Lil, Synt. r 
+x Minores & Plebeii Dii. 
+
+v A jugo matrimonii di&us. Aug. de Civit* Dei. 4. 
+x Quod ipoufim in fponli doraum duceret. Idem, Ibid. &. 1 
+
+C« (J, 
+
+a fponfam domi teneret. 
+
+
+
+* 
+
+
+2.8 2 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens 
+
+
+never leave "her hulband, but in all conditions o| 
+life b abide with him. | 
+
+Then the Goddefs Virgincnfs, and alfo the GodJ 
+defs Chixia Juno, c was invoked when the virgin’! 
+snrdle was unloofed. 
+
+Priapus , or Mutcnus , was alfo reckoned one of 
+the nuptial Gods,, becaufe in lxis filthy lap the bride; 
+was commanded to fit, according to a very religious? 
+and modiih cuftom, forfooth ! | 
+
+Percunda, or Parc undo., was alfo worshipped; S$ 
+Auguflin, mentioning her, advifes us to d Spare the! 
+modefly of human nature. 1 
+
+^Viriplaca reconciles hufbands to their wivesj 
+A temple at Rome was dedicated to her, whitherl 
+the married couple ufually repaired when any! 
+quarrel arofe between them; and there opening! 
+their minds freely to each other without paflionJ 
+they laid afide all anger,, and returned home toge-1 
+ther friendly* 1 
+
+The Goddefs Matuta, r according to the opinion! 
+Qf feme, was the daughter of Cadmus, whom the! 
+Greeks call Leucothea , or l?io . e The maid-fervants: 
+were not fuffered to edine within her temple; but 
+the married women admitted one of them, and af¬ 
+terwards bulleted her. Mothers prayed to this 
+Goddefs to fend bleffings on their lifter's children, 
+but never prayed to her for their own : and there¬ 
+fore, while they were prefent at her facrifices, they 
+carried not their own, but their lifter's children in 
+their arms. 
+
+The Goddefs Mena alfo prefided over women; 
+h and was the fame with the. 1 moon. 
+
+And 
+
+
+b Ut cum mr.ritofemper ronneret. c Augufi. Ibiu. 
+
+cl Ut parcatur humanre verccumliae. Ibid, 
+c A plticamlo viro. Val. iVJaw 1. c. T * 
+
+5 Ovid. Met. v Vint, in Camille, & Qurefi:, Rom. 
+
+h A rncnftr.uis- i.Etiam Grasce luna dlcitur. $ 
+
+
+■2&S 
+affair * 
+
+
+CHAP. V. 
+
+Tie Gods prejldlng over W^orne/i with Child• 
+
+THREE Gods aflifted pregnant women when 
+1 their afiiftance was afked. 
+
+Pilumnus was one of the Gods of children : be 
+j v;as 10 called from the peftle, 1 which the ancients 
+pounded their corn with before they made their 
+bread, or ni becaufe he keeps off thofe mis Tor tune S' 
+which attend children. 
+
+Intercidona was the Gcddefs who fir ft taught the 
+art Q of catting wood with a hatchet to make fires * 
+D jt ven \7 was worfhipped as a Goddefs,. becaufe 
+{lie invented brooms, °by which all things are 
+brufhed clean, and thofe diftempers prevented that 
+proceeded from naftinefs. 
+
+The Sylvan Gods, who were always hurtful to 
+pregnant women, were driven away by thofe Dei¬ 
+ties, and. the mifehief they invented was prevented*. 
+For as neither the trees, p fays St. Auguftin are 
+cut down without an axe, nor bread made without 
+a peftle, nor things preferved clean without a brtxfh ; 
+fo, fince thofe inftruments are thought figns of good 
+houfewifery, it was fiippofed that thefe wild un« 
+dean Gods would never dare to enter into the 
+chamber of a, breeding woman,, 
+
+CHAP. 
+
+
+h A Ftbruo, id eft, purofo. 1 A pile*, 
+
+in (^uod mala :ib infantibus pellit. Servius. 
+
+U Ah intercifiune fecuris. 
+
+A fc.Qp i - qiii bu $ v.c i r 1 m t. p A»gUiU n. d e Civi t Dei. ?, 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+And k Februa was employed in the fame 
+Je was fo called for the fame reafon. 
+
+
+
+84 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+
+
+CHAP. VI. 
+
+
+Gods and Goddcjffe r prefuhng over I-Vqjkzti 
+
+in Labour . 
+
+
+a 
+
+
+r T" 1 RESE Godd c fie s afDited women in travail, and 
+
+promoted tlie happy birth of the child, jj 
+
+Juno L7icina ( i whofe image was thus formed;? 
+One hand was empty, and ready as it were to re¬ 
+ceive the new-boni babe : the other hand held a 
+lighted torch, by which that light of life was hgni- 
+fled, which, all enjoy as foon as they are born. 
+
+Dia?ia : (though r fome make no difference be¬ 
+tween her andLucina). Timaeus fpeaks very hand- 
+fomely, s when he relates that Diana’s temple was 
+burnt the fame night in which Alexander was bora: 
+
+4 t It is, fays he, no wonder (he was abfent from her 
+
+* houfe, when her affifiance was neceffary at the 
+
+* birth of Alexander.’ She is called Solvizona; 
+for when women lay in the firft time, they loofed 
+their zoan, or girdle, and dedicated it to Diana. 
+
+Kgeria is fo called, u from calling forth the birth. 
+
+Profa , Prorfa y or Porri?na y (who was called alio 
+Pojiverta and Hnteverta ), looked after the birth of 
+the child : v it was in her power to make the birth 
+eafy and regular, or difficult and prepoflerous. 
+
+Manage 7 ieta x preiided alfo over the infant, both 
+before and after his birth. 
+
+Laflly, the Goddefs Latona y of whom we have 
+fpoken in her place.. It was thought that fhe very 
+much loved a dunghill-cock, becaufe a cock was 
+prefent when fbe brought forth Diana and Apollo; 
+
+and 
+
+
+q Nat. Comes, r Catull. Carm. ad. Bian. 12. 
+
+s Cicero de nat. Deor. 1. I. t The or. Idyll. .1 y 
+
+u A jjartu egerendo. 
+v Geil. c. 19. Plutarch. Rom. 1. 25 . 
+x ./Eliani varia Hiftbria. 
+
+
+
+.T<> 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 285 
+
+and from hence fome imagine that the prefence of 
+
+acock is neceflary at thefe occafions. 
+
+tfixii Dii , fo called y from Jlriving , becaufe the 
+mother and the child druggie at that time : The mo¬ 
+ther ftruggles through pain, and the child that it 
+may come into the world. 
+
+CHAP. VII. 
+
+ftc Deities prefiding over Infants at the ( Time of 
+
+their Birth , and after . 
+
+T HESE Deities prefided over children in the time 
+of their birth, and afterward. fanus, who 
+I opened z the door of life to them. 
+
+0 fs 9 who a affifted them when they came into 
+
+the world. 
+
+Nnfcio or Natio , a Goddefs fo called from a La¬ 
+tin word b fignifying to he horn . 
+
+Cnnia, c who attends the cradle, and watches the 
+
+infants while they lie and fleep.^ 
+
+Camcena , d who lings the deftinies. 
+
+Vagit anus 7 or Vatic anus , e who takes care of them 
+
+when- they cry. 
+
+Levana, f from lifting them up from the ground. 
+?For when a child was born, the midwife conftant- 
+ly laid the child on the ground ; and the father, or, 
+in his abfence, fomebody appointed by him, lifted 
+it from the ground ; and from thence toilette liberos 
+
+fignifi.es to educate children . 
+
+Ruminct, who milks the bread for the child. 
+h Ruma is an old word fignifying a hreajl . 
+
+Potinia i who gives the infants drink. 
+
+.. Kduca, 
+
+V Ab enitendo, quod eniteretur cum mater, turn foetus. Aufon. 
+hil 12. 
+
+/. Qui aperiret vitoe jarnia.ni. 2 Quce opem ferret. 
+
+A nafcendo. Auguftin. de Civitate* 1 . 4. c. S Sc 11. 
+t Qure cunis prceeit. cl A canendo. e A vagiendo. 
+
+f A levando. g Var. de vita pop. Rom 2. 
+
+h Anguft, 1 . 4. c. S. i A potando. 
+
+
+
+
+k Ab edendo. 1 Ab offibus. 
+
+m A came. Vide Macrob. Saturn. 1 . I. c. a. 
+n A nono die, qui fuit dies Iuftricus. Vide Macrob. Feftuir:: 
+voce lujtricus, 
+
+o A itando. p A fando. q Ab avertcndc pavc-re- 
+
+r Auguft. 1 . 4. c. XI. sldeni, 1 . 4. c. iC. 
+
+
+• *r 
+
+
+Of the 'Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+
+287 
+
+
+Strenua encourages us to t behave ourfelves fire- 
+jiaoiifly and bravely upon all occalions. 
+
+Simula urges and flimulates us on to extraordi- 
+
+aary a£lions. 
+
+Horta is the Goddefs u who exhorts us to under¬ 
+take noble enterprises. Her temple at Rome flood 
+
+ahvays'open:.and fome call her Hora . 
+
+Quies had her temple without the city; and v 
+fuppofed to be the donor of peace and quiet- 
+
+uefs. 
+
+Murcia renders men * lazy, idle, and dull. 
+
+Adcona , or Abcona, protefls us fo, that we have 
+power to go in and out in fp.fety. 
+
+I Vibilia brings wanderers into the way again. 
+
+Vacini a protedls the idle and lazy. 
+
+Fejfonia recreates and xefreflies the weary. 
+
+The Goddefs Mcditrina has her name from ? 
+
+% 
+
+healing ; and her facrifices were called Meditrinalia , 
+in which they drank new and old wine inltead of 
+
+phyfi c. 
+
+The Goddefs Vitulci is fo called from z leaping 
+r joy: flie is the Goddefs of mirth., which miti¬ 
+gates the toils of life. 
+
+The Goddefs Vdlupia,, from a pleafurc ; for from 
+ter we receive it. 
+
+Orbona was worfhipped, that Ihe fhould not leave 
+[parents b deftitute of children. 
+
+Pellonia was thought to have great power c in 
+Iriving -away the enemy. 
+
+Plumeria was worihipped, that from her we 
+ight .learn to d call accounts. 
+
+Sent!a 
+
+
+t Varro, lib. 4. de Ling. lat. 
+u Pint. Quceft. Rom. 14. v Aug. 4. 1 6 . 
+
+x Murcidos reddit. Ideui, Ibid, 
+y A medendo, Var. St Feftus. 
+
+2 A vitulando, id eft, laetitia geftienda. a Voluptate. 
+b Oibos liberis. c A neikadis hoftibu?. d A nuroeraixlO; 
+
+
+
+a£8 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the 'Heathens . 
+
+
+Sctitia was worfhipped, that we might imbibe j 
+and honourable c fentiments. 
+
+jingerona was the Goddefs that removed t! 
+f anguifhes of the mind, or elfe was fo named from 
+the fquinancy. When the cattle of the Roma 
+were almoft wholly deftroyed by this dife&fc, rhe 
+offered vows to her, and (he removed the plague. 
+
+Hares Mai'tia was one of the companions 
+Mars, and was worfhipped by thofe who obtain 
+an inheritance. 
+
+
+i 1 
+
+
+I 
+
+
+Stata , or Statua Mater , was worfhipped in t 
+forum, that it fhould not be burnt, or fuffer d 
+mage by frequent fires, which happened there 
+the -night. 
+
+The Goddefs Lamerna was the proteclrefs 
+thieves, who, from her were named Lamer niorm 
+h they worfhipped her, that their defigns and ii 
+trigues might be fuccefsful. 1 Her image was a he a 
+without a body. 
+
+The God jlvercuticus was thought to k repel an 
+prevent misfortunes. 
+
+Coff us fuggefted good 1 counfel in the manag 
+anent of affairs. 
+
+Gatins made men m circumfpe£f, acute, and wifi 
+
+Volnmnus and Volumna were fo named, becau 
+through their means men n were willing to folio 
+things that are good. 
+
+Hon or his 9 the God from whom they begged ho 
+nours. uAlius Locutius was worfhipped on this oc 
+cafion^ ° a common foldier reported, that inth 
+night he heard a voiee fay, ‘The Gauls are com 
+
+ing . INFo body minded what he faid, becaufe b 
+
+6 wa 
+
+
+e A fentiendo Feft. Jul. Model!. 
+
+f Ut pelleret angores enimi. g Ut ?rceret anginam. 
+
+h Feft. id. ibid. i Scalig. in Feft. 
+
+k Ab averruncando, id eft, avertendo mala. 
+
+1 A coniulendo. m Quod homines cautos redderefr. 
+
+n A volendo, quod ejus conillio bona velient. 
+
+9 Auguft. 1 . 2. c. 21 Valer. Maximus. 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens* 289 
+
+ffas a poor fellow. After the Gallic war, Camil- 
+jus advifed the Romans to expiate their offence in 
+negle&ing this no£turnal voice which forewarned 
+them of the Gallic war, and the enfuing diftruc- 
+tion, and a temple was thereupon dedicated in Via 
+Nova to Aius Locutius. 
+
+Among the Ethiopians, or the Aflyrians and Per- 
+Oans, Pcena and Beneficiu?n 9 (Punifhment and Fa¬ 
+vour), were reckoned in the number of the Gods, 
+For the former was efieemed the diflributer of evil., 
+the other the difpenfer*of good things. 
+
+
+' CHAR IX. 
+
+* 
+
+Toe Gods ajfigned to the feveral Parts of the 
+
+human bodies . 
+
+/V PARTICULAR God was aligned and aferibed 
+^ to every member of the body of man. 
+
+The head was facred to q Jupiter, the breafl 
+Neptune, the waifl to Mars, the forehead to Ge¬ 
+nius, the eye-brows to Juno, the eyes to Cupid, 
+the ears to Memoria, the right-hand to Fides, the 
+back and the hinder parts to Pluto, the loins to 
+Venus, the feet to Mercury, the knees to Miferi- 
+|cordia. the ankles and foies of the feet to Thetis, 
+and the fingers to Minerva. 
+
+The aftrologers aflign the parts of the body to 
+the celefUal conllellations in another manner, thus : 
+
+' The head they aflign to Aries, the neck to Taurus, 
+the ihoulders to Gemini, the heart to Cancer, the 
+neaft to Leo, the belly to Virgo, the loins to Li- 
+)ra, the fecrets to Scorpio, the thighs to Sagitta- 
+ms, the knees to Capricorn, the legs to Aquarius, 
+>nd the feet to Pifces. 
+
+N CHAP. 
+
+
+q Sen ins in Georg. 
+
+t Firmec.Sc Manillas apud Lil. Gy*. Synt, X, 
+
+
+33 ° 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens 
+
+
+K 
+
+
+r- 
+
+
+I 
+
+K- 
+
+
+CHAP. X. 
+
+The Funeral Deities. 
+
+chief of the funeral Deities is libitum ,* 
+.A whom fome account to be the fame as Ve¬ 
+nus, fxnce her name is derived s from luft or con . 
+cupifcence : but others think that Ihe^ was Profer. 
+pine. In her temple all things neceffary for funer¬ 
+als were fold or let. Libitina fometimes lignifies 
+the grave, and Libitinarii thofe men who were em¬ 
+ployed in burying the dead. Porta Libitina, at 
+Rome, was that gate through which the dead bo¬ 
+dies were carried to be burnt ; and Rationes Lib - 
+it bice y Suetonius, lignifies thofe accounts which we 
+call the bills of mortality , or the weekly bills . 
+
+PART! 
+
+
+O’’- 
+
+> 
+
+S 
+
+( 
+
+y, 
+
+
+s Ita di< 5 ta a libitu vel libidinc. 
+
+
+♦ 
+
+
+PART IV 
+
+
+Of the Dii Indigetes and Adfcriptitii , the 
+
+Semi-Dei and Heroes. 
+
+
+C II A P. I. 
+
+
+M r'B^HIS now is the lafl divifion of the fabul- 
+1 ous Pantheon, in which you fee exactly 
+defcribed the images of the Indigetes or Semi-Dei, 
+and the Heroes. I told you at firft who the Dii 
+Adfcriptitii -and the Indigetes were, and from 
+whence they were fo called. 
+
+P. I remember it perfectly, and will be attentive 
+to hear a further account of them. 
+
+M, The Semideiy [ Hemitheoi~\ or demi gods, 
+
+were thofe w r ho had human bodies, facred minds, 
+and celeftial fouls : they were born in this world for 
+the good and fafety of mankind. a Labeo, in St Aguf- 
+tine, diftinguiihes them from the Heroes. He thinly 
+that Heros was one of Juno’s Ions, and that the 
+name Heros is derived from 'Bp* [Hera], Juno’s name 
+in the Greek language. b Others think that the 
+word comes from |>rn], the earth ; becaufe man¬ 
+kind owe their original to it. c Others, again, think 
+tt comes from t p MS [_eros~\, love ; for heroes are the 
+moft illuflrious prcdudl of love, and are themfelves, 
+as Hierocles ohferves, full of love. But others 
+think, that this name is derived from £ ereo ] to 
+
+N 2 plead 5 
+
+
+a Lib. 10 . c. 21 . 
+c Via*; in Cratylo* 
+
+
+b Interpr. Hoaaeri apud. 2al» Gyr. fynt. 1 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+plead; and is given them, becaufe heroes are very 
+elegant, and moft powerful and lkilful in rhetoric. 
+Or, laftly, it is thought that the word comes fromi 
+*0ib [arete], virtue ; for heroes are endued with 
+many virtues, But let us fpeak particularly con¬ 
+cerning‘fome of thefe heroes, of whom the moil 
+famous was Hercules. 
+
+
+Jm. 
+
+
+CHAP. II. 
+
+Sect. I. PJercules. His Birth . 
+
+* 
+
+ir T"'HERE were many Hercules’s ; but (as d Tull 
+
+fays) the famous actions of them all ar 
+aferibed to him who was the fon of Jupiter by 
+Alcmena, the wife of Amphytrio king of 1 hebes. 
+
+When Amphytrio was abfent, e Jupiter put o 
+his fhape and drefs, and came to Alcmena 3 \vh 
+thinking that her hufband was returned, entertain 
+ed the deceitful God both at a table and at bed 5 
+and had by him a fon, whofe limbs were fo large, 
+his conilitution fo rebufl, and every part of his bod 
+fo full of vigour, that Jupiter was forced to joi 
+three Nights together, and employ them all in pro 
+clucing a fon of fuch marvellous llrength. Befor 
+
+O 0 
+
+
+
+
+\ 
+
+
+this adultery, Alcmena had conceived a fon by he 
+hufband. This fon and Hercules were twins ; hi 
+name was Jphiclus : f he was wonderfully fwift ii 
+running. 
+
+When Juno had difeovered Jupiter’s adultery 
+
+fb 
+
+
+1 
+
+
+d De Nat. Deo rum, 1 . 2, 
+e Natalis Comes. Lil. Gyr. 
+
+f “ Nam fuper extremas fegetum carrebat ariftas 
+** Nec ficcos iru< 5 tus lsedebat pondere plants*.” 
+
+Or£h. in fyn* 
+
+He over Handing corn would run, and ne’er 
+In his fwift .motion bruife the tender ear. 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens* 293 
+
+fee began to hate Hercules fo violently, that fhc 
+endeavoured with might and main to ruin him, 
+fi’ril, fhe obtained an edicl from Jupiter, which 
+flie endeavoured to turn to his utter definition ; 
+for die wife of Sthcnelus king of Mycenae was big 
+with Euriftheus at the fame time when Alcmena 
+was big with Hercules- Jupiter ordained, that 
+whichfoever of the two children was born firft, he 
+fhould be fuperior to the other : Juno accelerated 
+Euriftheus’s birth ; fo that he was born after feven 
+months, and came unto the world before Hercules. 
+Again, die fent two vipers to deftroy him when he 
+lay crying in the cradle : but it was in vain ; for 
+the valiant infant grafped them in his hands till they 
+peri fried by his grafp, g as we are told by Ovid. 
+1 At length, by the meditation of Pallas, Juno was 
+reconciled to the noble youth, and h.t him fuck her 
+tails : but he fucked with fuch violence, that he 
+hurt her breads ; wherefore fhe put him away, and 
+forac of her milk was fpilt 5 but it was not loft, for 
+it fell upon the Iky and made the milky 'way, which 
+is in Greek called y**.*&« [Galaxia~\> Some of it 
+pafled through the clouds and fell upon the earth ; 
+and where it fell, lilies fprang up ; from whence 
+foine call thofe flowers 1 the rofes of funo . 
+
+Sect. II. Humes of Hercules % 
+
+t jE had two proper names, Hercules and Slid-- 
+X des y but his furnames are innumerable. 
+His parents called him k Hhides, from his extraor¬ 
+dinary ftrength becaufe he greatly excelled all 
+mankind iji ftrength# 
+
+N 3 He 
+
+
+g “ Tene ferunt geminos preflifTe tenaciter angues. 
+
+Cum tener in cunis jam Jove dignus eras? 5 ’ Ov. Epift 
+
+You kill’d two ferpents with your infant-hand/ 
+
+Which then deferv’d Jove’s feeptre to command, 
+h Eumolph, 1. de Myfteriis. i Rofce Jununia?*. I/il, CyT' 
+
+k Ab AA.*jj robur. • 
+
+
+*94 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+
+He was afterwards called Hercules , 1 from tlie 
+glory which Juno caufed him- For her hatred and 
+unkindnefs toward him was the great means of the 
+increafe of his glory : Becaufe when (lie expofed 
+him to the greateft dangers, fhe made his glory and 
+honour molt illuftrious ; and by enjoining him fo 
+many labours, fhe only exercifed his patience and 
+courage. 
+
+The furnames I choofe rather to omit, becanf 
+it is plain that he derived them either from th 
+places where his mighty fates were done, or fro 
+the actions that he performed with applaufe an 
+honour ; which I will carefully and diftin&ly re 
+count : they are called Hercules^s labours ; fo grea 
+was the pains, and fo infinite the toil of them. 
+
+
+4 
+
+'r 
+
+
+f 
+
+
+2 
+
+m 
+
+
+Sect. Ill, fhe labours of Hercules* 
+
+H ERCULES was fubje£ted to Euriftheus, no 
+
+only by the edict of Jupiter and unkindnef 
+
+
+f J only by the edict of Jupiter and unkindnef: 
+of Juno, but belides, the oracle of Apollo at Delpho 
+advifed and perfuaded him to fubmit himfelf, an 
+obey Eurifteus’s commands ; and efpecially to un 
+dergo willingly the twelve labours which his mafte 
+fhould lay upon him. Hercules obeyed the fates 
+and ferved Euriftheus twelve years ; and perform 
+ed the moft dangerous and difficult commands wit! 
+a fuitable courage and fuccefs. Some fay that Her 
+cules ferved him voluntarily, and performed thef 
+difficult talks, to fhew how great love he bore Eu 
+riftheus. Though Hercules performed an infinit 
+number of great and memorable .actions, twelv 
+are efpecially celebrated : and thofe twelveare com 
+prifed in as many Latin m verfes, tranftated out o 
+the Greek. 
+
+Tb 
+
+
+\ 
+
+ro 
+
+1 % * 
+
+! 
+I 
+
+s 
+
+I 
+
+t 
+
+r 
+
+I 
+
+I 
+
+i* * 
+
+f k 
+
+
+
+1 Juno Grset.e dicicur y.on & h'Kiq's gloria; unde nomen Hercu¬ 
+les. 
+
+m €< Prima Cleotiici tolerata seruinna leonis. 
+
+14 Proxima Lernseam ferro & face contudit hvdram. 
+
+
+Of the Gods of hie Heathens . 29 £ 
+
+The particular account of thefe twelve is this. 
+
+I. He tore in pieces, with his nails, n the lion irl 
+the wood of Nemaea, which fome fay fell from the 
+orb of the moon, and was invulnerable by any 
+weapon. This place was alfo named Gleone y from 
+whence the lion w;as alfo called Cleoneus. This was 
+the fir ft labour of Hercules. He ikinned the lion, 
+and with the fkin he made him a ftiield and breaft~ 
+plate. 
+
+II. There was a hydra, n ferpent, in the lake 
+Lerna, in the field of Argos, that had feven heads ; 
+fome lay nine, others fifty. When any of thefe 
+heads were cut off, another inftantly fprang up in 
+the place of it r unlefs the blood which iffued from' 
+the wound was flopped by fire. Iolaus the fon of 
+Ipiiiclus procured for him lighted brands from the 
+neighbouring wood ; and with them Hercules' 
+ilauached the blood iffuing from the wounds he. 
+
+N 4 made 
+
+" Mox Erymantlieum vis tertio perculit aprum. 
+
+" *'£ripedis quarto tuiit r.urca cornua cervi. 
+
+“ Slymphalidas pcpulit volucres difcrimine quinto* 
+
+“ Threiciam fexto fpoliavit Amazona Baltheo. 
+
+M Scptiraa in Augcse flabulis impenfa laboris. 
+
+" Otlava expulfo numcratur adorca tuuro. 
+
+“ In Diooiedeis victor jam nona quadrigis, 
+
+“ Geryone extinclo clecimam dat Iberia palmarn. 
+u Uydecinuim mala Hefpcridum diftradta triumphum> 
+
+*’ Cerberus extremi iuprema eft meta laboris.” 
+
+—- — The Clcor.ian lion firft he kills. 
+
+With fire und fword then Lerno’s peft he quells. 
+
+Of the wild boar he clears th* Er’manthean fields. 
+
+The brafs-foot flag with golden antlers yields.. 
+
+He Stympha clears of man devouring birds. 
+
+And next the- bouncing Amazon ungirds. 
+
+The ftables of king Augeas he cleans, 
+
+TIic Cretan bull he vanqmfhes and chain?,. 
+
+Diomede’s horfes hiui then* conqu’ror own. 
+
+Then he brings low three-headed Geryon. 
+
+Hefperian apples next his name advance, 
+
+And his laft labour Cerberus unchains, 
+n Eurip in Hercule InfoRi 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+
+made. This feafonable affiftance was not forgot- 
+ten; for when Iolaus was grown to decrepid age 
+Hercules °by his prayers relfored his youth to him 
+again. 
+
+III. He bound the wild boar, whole fiercenefs 
+and bignefs were equally admirable, in the moun¬ 
+tain Erymanthus of Arcadia ;_and afterward brought 
+it to Euriftheus. 
+
+IV. He was ordered to bring to Mycenae a hind 
+whofe feet were brafs and horns gold. Nobody j 
+dared to wound her, becaufe ihe was confecrated 
+to Diana; nor could any body out-run her: yet 
+Hercules hunted her a year on foot, and catched 
+her, and brought her away on his Ihculdcrs. j 
+
+V. He partly killed and partly drove away the 
+birds called Stymphalides , from the lake Stympha- 
+lus, which ufed to feed upon man’s flefh. 
+
+VI. He defeated the army of the Amazons, and 
+took from Hippoly te their queen the fineft belt in 
+the world. 
+
+VII. He, in one day, cleanfed the liable of Au- 
+geas, by turning the courfe of a river into it. This 
+liable had never been cleanfed, although three 
+thoufand oxen flabled in it thirty years. Whence, 
+when we exprefs a work of immenfe labour and 
+toil in proverbial fpeech, we call it cleanjing the 
+Jiahle of Huge as, 
+
+VIII. He tamed a great bull that did innume¬ 
+rable mifehiefs to the ifland of Crete, and brought 
+him bound to Euriftheus. 
+
+
+
+. He overcame Diomedes, the moll cruel ty¬ 
+rant of Thrace, who fed his horfes with the flelli 
+of his guefls. Hercules bound him, and threw 
+him to be eaten by thofe horfes to which the ty¬ 
+rant expofed others. 
+
+X. He overcame in war Geryon King of bpam, 
+
+who 
+
+
+4 Ovid. Mct-am, 1 . 9. 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Seathensi * %97 
+
+who had three bodies : we faw him before in hell* 
+He took like wife his bay oxen, who ate man’s fiefh, 
+and brought them into Italy, when he had killed 
+the dragon with feven heads, and the two-headed 
+dog who guarded them. 
+
+XI. He killed the dragon who watched, and then 
+carried away the golden apples in the gardens of 
+the Hefperides from whence perhaps he is called 
+p Melius : and apples were offered up in his facri- 
+{ices. When, in Boeotia, no bull (or fheep) could 
+be procured at the time of facriiice, they took an 
+
+' apple, and lluck it into four ftraws, which repre¬ 
+feat cd four legs, and two others inflead of horns,, 
+and again another for a tail, and offered Hercules 
+this apple in (lead of a victim. 
+
+XII. Laftly, he was commanded by Euriftheus 
+i to go down into hell, and bring away from thence 
+
+the dog Cerberus. This he performed without de¬ 
+lay, and hound the three-lieaded monfler in a triple 
+chain; and by force brought.with him up to the 
+earth the dog, who ftrove and refilled in vain. 
+When Cerberus faw the light he vomited, and from 
+thence the ppifonous herb q wolf’s-bane. Iprang* • 
+Tliefe are the twelve labours of Hercules, - 
+
+P. Pray, Sir, let me a little interrupt you now,., 
+as I want you to fatisfy fcruples : Why could not 
+Juno, his • enemy, hinder his birth ? Secondly, I 
+know that many mention more .than twelve labours 
+of Hercules,. 
+
+. What you call an interruption, Palaeophilus ? 
+is both feafonable and acceptable to me ; becaufe 
+it recalls a thing to my memory that .1 had forgot . 
+and gives me an oceahon of mentioning fomething 
+which ought not to be omitted. Know, .therefore, 
+that Juno designed to kill him in his mother’s? 
+womb, or elfe deftroy him immediately after hi5 
+
+I’J 5 bimh 
+
+
+P. a Ay Greece fign'ficAt nvdmu romr.rj , 
+
+{ i Aconir.m 
+
+
+
+298. Of the Cods of the Heathens a 
+
+birth ; and to perform it* contrived a plot: but Ale- 
+mena’s fervant Galanthis prevented it ; for fhe 
+cheated. Juno, and told her that Alcmena had 
+brought forth a fon. Juno believed her ; and think¬ 
+ing that her contrivances were ineffectual, fhe de- 
+filled ; and then Alcmena brought forth Hercules 
+without trouble. But the deceit of Calanttiis was 
+punifhed, for fhe was turned into a r weafel ; and 
+becaufc Galanthis offended by her mouth, therefore 
+the weafel brings forth her young at her mouth 
+with great pain and anguifh. 
+
+As for the labours of Hercules, I confefs that 
+they were more than twelve (though thefe princi¬ 
+pally were called Hercules''s labours .) If you pleafe, 
+we will continue our account of him thus : 
+
+XIII. He vanquifhed the enormous giant A11- 
+tceus, the fon of the earth, who was above fixty- 
+four cubits high. He was barbarous to all {gran¬ 
+gers j for he forced them to wreftle with him, and 
+then choaked them. Hercules threw this giant 
+down thrice, and perceived that he recovered new 
+ftrength as oft as he touched the earth \ wherefore 
+be lifted him in his arms from the ground, and 
+pinched and fqueezed him till he burfl and died. 
+
+XIV. Bufiris the tyrant ufed to facrifice all the 
+llrangers which he caught to his father Neptune, 
+till Hercules facrificed both him and his fon upon 
+the fame altar* 
+
+XV. He killed the giants Albion and Bergion, 
+who intended to Hop his journey ; and when in the 
+fight his arrows were confumed, fo that he wanted 
+arms, s he prayed to Jupiter, and obtained from 
+him a fhower of Hones, with which he defeated 
+and put to flight his adverfaries. This, they fay, 
+happened in that part of France, x which was an¬ 
+ciently 
+
+ar Mufteh. Groe; dicitur. a Cato in Orig. 
+
+t Mela, i. 36, Geor&, 4 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+
+299 
+
+
+ciently called Gallia Narhonenfs ; which place is 
+called u the Stony Plain . 
+
+XVI. When Atlas was weary of his burden. Her* 
+cules took the heavens upon his own flioulders. 
+
+XVII. He overcame the robber Cacus, who fpit 
+fire, and ftrangled him. 
+
+XVIII. He ftiot the eagle that devoured the li¬ 
+ver of Prometheus as he lay chained to the rock. 
+
+XIX. He flew Theodamus the father of Laom- 
+edon becaufe he denied to give him vidtuals : but he 
+took Hylas with him, and was very kind to him. * 
+
+XX. He delivered v Helione, daughter of Lao- 
+medon king of Troy, from the whale (to which fea- 
+monfterflie wasexpofed) in this manner : he fudden- 
+ly railed a bank in the place where Helione was 
+to be devoured, and x ftood armed before it ; and 
+when the whale came feeking his prey, Hercules 
+leaped into his mouth, and Aiding down into his 
+belly, he fpent three days in tearing the monfter’s 
+belly : but at length he burft through fafe, and loft: 
+his hair. Laomedon after this broke his word, and- 
+refilled to give Hercules the reward he promifed ; 
+wherefore he took by force, and pillaged the city 
+of Troy ; giving to Telamon, who firft: mounted 
+the wall, the .Lady Helione as a part of the booty. 
+
+XXI. He overcame Achelous, the fon of Ocea- 
+nus and Terra fthey fought for Deianira, who was 
+betrothed to them both), though Achelous firft: 
+turned himfelf into a ferpent, then into a bull ; for 
+plucking one of his horns off, he obliged him to 
+yield. Achelous purchafed his horn again, giving 
+Amalthea’s horn in its Head. The meaning where¬ 
+of is this : Achelous is a river of Greece, whofe 
+courfe winds like a ferpent ; its ftream is fo rapid, 
+that it makes furrows where it flows, and a noife 
+like the roaring of a bull, (and indeed it is com- 
+
+N 6 mon 
+
+
+u Campus Lapideus. 
+
+S- Audrsetus Tcnccli in Navig. Prop. 
+
+
+v Ovid. J 2. 
+
+
+* 
+
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens* 
+
+mon among the poets to compare a river to a bull.) 
+This river divided itfelf into two ftreatns but Her¬ 
+cules with banks forced it into one channel, i. c . 
+he broke off one of the horns or ftreams. The lands 
+thus drained become fertile ; fo that Hercules is 
+faid to have recieved the horn of plenty. 
+
+XXII. Deianira was daughter of Oeneus king of 
+JEtolia. Hercules carried her to be married, and 
+they were flopped by a river : but the Centaur Nef- 
+fus proffered to carry Deianira over upon his back. 
+ISTelTus, when {he was over, endeavoured to raviih 
+her 5 which Hercules obferving while he fwam, (hot 
+him with an arrow,. When Neffus was dying, he 
+gave Deianira his bloody coat, and told her, if a 
+iiufband wore that coat, he would never follow un¬ 
+lawful amours. The credulous lady long after ex¬ 
+perienced the virtue of it far otherwife than fhe 
+expelled : for Hercules, who had furmounted fo 
+many and fo great labours, was at length overcome 
+by the charms of Omphale queen of Lydia : he fer* 
+•vecl her, and changed hi3 club into a diftafF, and 
+his arrow into a fpindle. His love alfo to Iole y 
+daughter of Eurytus king of Oechalia, brought on 
+him deftruftion. For his wife Deianira being de¬ 
+fir ous of turning him from unlawful amours, lent 
+him Neflus’s coat to put on when he went to facri- 
+iice ; which drove him into fuch dlflra&ion, that 
+he burned himfelf on the pile lie had railed, a*** 
+was accounted among the number of the Gods* 
+
+
+, _ _ - - - - — — t _ - — - 
+
+C H A P. III. 
+
+* ^ 
+
+Jason.. 
+
+
+T ASON, fon of iEfon king of-Theflalia and Alci- 
+rnede, was an. infant.when his father died,, fo 
+.that his uncle Felias adminiilered.the government 
+When he came to age, he demanded • pofle Ox on cf 
+*e crown ; but Felias ad vifed .him to go to Colchis,. 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 3bl¬ 
+
+under pretence of gaining the golden fleece though: 
+his intention was to kill him with the labour and 
+danger of the journey. 
+
+p. What golden fleece was that ? 
+
+
+M. It was the hide of a ram of a white or a 
+
+•• 
+
+purple colour, which was given to Phryxus, fon, 
+of Athamas and Nephelct by his mother. Phryxus 
+and his filler Helle,. fearing the dciigns of their 
+ftep-mother Ino, got on this ram to fave thcmfelves 
+by flight. But while they fwam over the narrow- 
+eft part of Pontus, Helle, affrighted at the tolling 
+of the waves, fell down ; whence the fea was na¬ 
+med the Hclleffront . Phryxus was carried over fafe, 
+and went to fEta king of Colchis, a coimtry of 
+Afla, near the Pontus, where he was kindly receiv¬ 
+ed, and facriliced the ram to Jupiter, or Mars, 
+who afterwards placed.it among the conflellations. 
+Only his hide or fleece was hung up in a grove fa«. 
+cred to Mars. It was called the golden fleece 9 be- 
+caufe it was of a golden colour, and guarded by- 
+bulls that breathed fire from their noflrils, and by 
+avail and watchful dragon, as a facred and divine 
+pledge, and as a thing of the greatelf importance., 
+
+P. Did Jafon carry away the fleece ? 
+
+M. Yes. He went on board a fhip called Hrgc 9 
+from the builder of that name ; and choofing forty- 
+nine noble, companions, who from the fliip were 
+called Argoriautev , (among whom were Hercules, 
+Orpheus, Caflor, and Pollux), in his voyage he v;~ 
+filed Hipfyphile queen of Lemnos, who had twins 
+by him. Then after a long voyage, and many dan-, 
+gers, he arrived at Colchis, and demanded the gol¬ 
+den fleece of king fEta ;. who granted his requell, 
+on condition that he tamed the bulls w r ho guarded 
+it, wliofe feet were of brafs, and who breathed 
+fire *, and killed the dragon, and fowed his teeth in 
+the ground; and, lallly, destroyed the fbldie>s 
+vdiich fprung from the ground where thefe teeth 
+
+
+
+
+
+302 Of the Gods of the Heathens 
+
+were Town. Jafon undertook the expedition on thefe 
+conditions, and was delivered from manifeft de« 
+ftru&ion, by the afliftance of Medea the king’s 
+daughter, who was in love with him. For obfer- 
+ving her directions, he overcame the bulls, laid 2 
+the dragon adeep, carried away the fleece, and fled 
+by night, carrying Medea with him, whom he ah 
+terwards married. 
+
+P. What did king iEta do then ? 
+
+M. He purfued them \ but Medea, to flop hh 
+purfuit, tore her brother Abfyrtus (who went with 
+her) in pieces, and fcattered his limbs on the road. 
+When her father faw the torn members of his fon, 
+he Hopped to gather them up : fo Jafon and the 
+Argonautae returned to their own country, where 
+Medea by her charms reftored Jafon’s father, the 
+old decrepid ^Flfon, to youth again ; though fome 
+fay that i£,fon died before their return. The daugh¬ 
+ters of Pelias were fo affeCted by this miraculous 
+cure, that (defiring that their father might recieve 
+the like benefit) they were eafily induced, through 
+miftaken duty and unlkilful kindnefs, to tear their 
+father in pieces ; foolilhly and ridicloufly hoping 
+that he, like JEfon, would become young again. 
+After this Jafon hated Medea, and divorcing him- 
+felf from her, he married Creufa, the daughter of 
+Creon king of Corinth ; and Medea, to revenge 
+his perfidy not only murdered the two children 
+that Ihe had by him, in his own fight ; but in the 
+next place, inclofing fire in a little box,. Ihe fent it 
+to Creufa, who opened the box, and, by the fire 
+which burll out of it, was burnt, together with the 
+whole court. After fhe had done this, the admi¬ 
+rable forcerefs flew by magic art to Athens. Some 
+write, that Ihe was again reconciled to Jafon. But 
+what has been faid is enough for this Hero * let us 
+proceed to another, which flaall be Thefeus. 
+
+
+CHAP* 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens » 
+
+
+3*3 
+
+
+CHAP. IV. 
+
+Theseus. 
+
+p, T7T7 HO were the parents of Thefeus ?. 
+
+VV M* TEthra was his motherland /Egexis 
+king of Athens his father. Minos king of Crete 
+made war againfl JEgeus, becaufe the Athenians 
+had difhonourably and barbaroufly killed his fon, 
+who carried the prize in the games from them all. 
+When he had banilhed the Athenians, he impofed 
+this fevere condition upon them, that they fhoulA 
+fend feven of the moll noble youths of their coun¬ 
+try into Crete by lot every year. In the fourth 
+year the lot fell upon Thefeus, which mightily 
+grieved and troubled his father fEgeus. Thefeus 
+went on board a fhip, whole fails and tackle were 
+black; and received this command from his father, 
+if by the propitious Providence of heaven, he efca- 
+ped the dangers, and did return fafe unto his own* 
+country again, that then he fhould change his black 
+fails into white ones, that his father, being allured 
+of his fafety by that lignal, might be fenfible o£ 
+that happinefs as foon as might be. 
+
+P . And what was the event of that voyage ? 
+
+Af. The event was fortunate to Thefeus, but very 
+Unfortunate to his father /Egeus : for when The-* 
+feus came to Crete, he was Ihut up in the laby¬ 
+rinth ; but he flew the Minotaur, and efcaped out 
+of that inextricable prifon by the help of Ariadne. 
+After this he fet fail for Athens in the fame mourn¬ 
+ful fhip in which he came to Crete $ but forgot to 
+change his fails* according to the inftru&ions which 
+his father had given him; fo that when his father 
+beheld from a watch-tower the fhip returning with 
+black fails, he imagined that his fon was dead, and 
+himfelf headlong into the fea 5 which was af¬ 
+terwards 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+3^-4 Of Gods of the Heathens > 
+
+terwards called y the Mgean Sea r ixom his name and 
+defliny. 
+
+P. Who was that Ariadne ? 
+
+]VJ. She was the daughter of Minos king of Crete, 
+She was violently in love with Thefeus, and deli¬ 
+vered him 2 out of the labyrinth by the means of a 
+thread* She followed him in his return to the 
+ill and of Naxus, and there Thefeus per.fidioufly and 
+ungratefully left her. Rut Bacchus pitied her mi- 
+fetable condition, and married her, and gave her 
+crown that was illuminated with feven ftara, 
+which, he had before received from Venus. This 
+crown was called Gnoffci Cor o?i u ; and Ariadne her* 
+felf was furnamed Gnojjis , from the city of that 
+name in Crete. After the death of Ariadne, the 
+fame was carried among the liars, and made a con- 
+ilellation in the heavens. It was thought that 
+Diana caufed the death of Ariadne, becaufe (lie 
+
+preferved not her virginity. 
+
+P, What great adlions did Thefeus perform? 
+M. His adlions were fo famous, that they ac¬ 
+counted him one of the Herculefes. For. x. He. 
+killed the Minotaur.. 2* He overcame the Cen¬ 
+taurs. 3. He vanquifhed the Thebans. 4. He de¬ 
+feated the Amazons. 5. He went down into hell,, 
+and returned back into the world again., 
+
+P. Why did he go down into hell ? 
+
+M. He and Pirithous, his moll intimate friend, 
+the lawful fon of Ixion, which he had by his wife, 
+agreed never to marry any woman except Jupiter’s 
+daughters. Thefeus married Helena the daughter: 
+of Jupiter and Lcda, and none of Jupiter’s daugh¬ 
+ters remained on earth for Pirithous ; wherefore 
+they both went, down' into hell to Heal Proferpine 
+away from her hulband Pluto. As foon as they 
+
+entered hell, Pirithous was unfortunately torn in 
+
+pieces 
+
+
+y mave. 
+
+
+z. Propert. i. 3. Elcg. 17 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens* 3»5 
+
+pieces by the dog Cerberus ; but Thefeus came alive 
+into the palace of Pluto, who fettered him, and 
+kept him till Hercules was feat into hell by Eurif- 
+thtus to refeue him. 
+
+P. And who were thofe Amazons that you men¬ 
+tioned juft now ? 
+
+Af. They were women animated with the fouls 
+and bravery of men; a military race inhabiting that 
+part of Scythia which is wafhed by the river Ta- 
+nais. They were called Ania%o?is , a either becaufe 
+they cut off one of their breads, or b becaufe they 
+lived together without the fociety of men. They 
+were a nation of women; who, that the country 
+might have inhabitants, and not be depopulated 
+when the prefent race of women died, admitted 
+the embraces of the neighbouring men, and had 
+children by them: they killed the boys at their 
+birth, but brought up the girls : they cut ofF their 
+right bread, that they might more conveniently ufe 
+their hands in (hooting their arrows and brandifh- 
+ing their weapons againd their enemy. Thefe fe 
+male warriors, by their frequent excursions, became 
+podbUors of a great part of Ada ; when Hercules, 
+accompanied with Thefeus, made war upon them, 
+and defeated them; and taking Hyppolyte their 
+.queen prifoner, gave her in marriage to Thefeus. 
+
+Thefeus had by Hippolyte his fon Hippolytus, 
+who was very beautiful, and mightily addicted to 
+bunting, and a remarkable lover of chadity : for 
+when e Phaedra his depmother, (the daughter of 
+king Minos, whom Thefeus had preferred to her 
+bfter Ariadne) folicitcd him to commit wickednef: 
+when he was a grown man, he refufed to comply. 
+This repulfe provoked her fo much, that when her 
+bufband returned, (he accufed him wrongfully, as 
+if he had offered to ravifh her. Thefeus gives ear 
+
+to 
+
+
+s 
+
+
+J Ao a prrvativo, et mamma. 
+
+» Ab fimul, et vivc-re. c Ovid, in Ep. Phcedr- 
+
+
+
+3°5 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens ; 
+
+
+to this wicked woman, and believes her untruth 
+againft his fon Hyppolytus; who perceiving it, fled 
+away in his chariot. Tn his flight he met feveral 
+monflrous fea-calves, which frighted his horfes fo 
+that they threw him out of his feat, his feet were 
+entangled in the hamefs^ apd he was dragged 
+through the thickets of a wood, and miferably torn 
+to'pieces. ^Efculapius afterwards, at the req 
+of Diana, reftored him to life again. But he how, 
+ever left Greece, and came into Italy; where 
+changing his name, he called himfelf Virbhis , d ht 
+caufe he had been a man twice. Phaedra was gnaw; 
+with the flings of her own confcience, and hanged 
+herfelf. And not long after, Thefeus being ba. 
+nifhed from his country, ended an illuflrious 
+with an ohfcure death# 
+
+
+CHAP. 
+
+Castor and Pollux 
+
+
+P. TT 7 HO are thole two handfome, beautiti 
+▼ * young men that tide upon white horfes j 
+]VI. They are twin brothers, c the fons of ]up 
+terandLeda; their names are Cajior and Pollux 
+P. What Leda was that ? 
+
+M. The wife of Tyndarus king of Lacom 
+whom Jupiter loved, but could not fucceed in hi 
+amour till he changed himfelf into a fwan ; f whr 
+fwan was afterwards made-a conftellation. In thi 
+form he gained the mutual love of Leda, by tb 
+fweetnefs of his iinging; and flying into her boforn 
+as it were, that he might fecure himfelf from th 
+violence of an eagle which purfued him,, he enjoy 
+
+° . pn 
+
+
+
+d Quod vir bis effet. 
+
+f Maml. Allron x. 
+
+
+e Piiid. in Pythag, 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens-, S ~ T 
+
+aJlicr, though file was then big with child by her 
+hufhand. Leda brought forth two eggs, which 
+were hatched* and produced the twin-brothers 
+
+which you fee. 
+
+P. You mean, that one came out of one egg, and 
+the other out of the other egg. 
+
+Mi No; out of the egg which Leda had conceiv¬ 
+ed hy Jupiter, came Pollux and Helena, who 
+fprang from divine feed, and were therefore im¬ 
+mortal. But out of the other, which Hie conceived 
+by Tyndarus her hulband, s came Caftor and Cly- 
+temneftra; who were mortal, becaufe they were 
+begotten by a mortal father. Yet both Caftor and 
+Pollux are frequently called 'Tyndavidce by the. 
+poets, as Helena is alfo called Tyndarts , from the 
+fane king Tyndarus. 
+
+P. What memorable aflions did Caftor and Pol¬ 
+lux perform? 
+
+M. They both accompanied Jafon when he failed 
+to Colchis ; and when he returned from thence, re¬ 
+covered their lifter Helena from Thefeus, who had 
+ilolen her, by overcoming the Athenians that 
+fought for him, to whom their clemency and hu¬ 
+manity was fo great after the defeat, that the A- 
+thenians called them h the fons of ‘Jupiter ; from 
+whence white lambs were offered upon their al¬ 
+tars. 
+
+i But although they were born bot^i at the fame 
+birth, and, as fome think, out of the fame egg, yet 
+their tempers were different. 
+
+P • What end had they ? 
+
+M, Caftor being t^as fome fay) a mortal perfon, 
+was killed by Lynceus : whereupon Pollux prayed 
+to Jupiter to reftore him to life again, and confer 
+
+an 
+
+
+g i Sat. Hor. h A tErxvpot, id eft, Jovis filii, Horn, in Hymn* 
+Caftor gandet ecuis: ovc prognatus eodem, 
+
+Hugnis: quot capitum vivunt, totidem in ftudiorum 
+“ Millia.” 
+
+As mcury men, fo many their delights. 
+
+
+
+3 ° 8 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+
+an immortality upon him: but this could not be 
+granted. However, he obtained leave to divide hh 
+immortality betwixt himfelf and his brother Ca¬ 
+ftor : and thence it came to pafs, k that they lived 
+afterwards by turns every other day; or, as others' 
+lay, every other fortnight. After the death of 
+Caftor, a kind of pyrrhick, or dance in armour,j 
+was inftituted to his honour: which was performed 
+by young men armed, and called ^ Caftor'$ dance . 
+
+At length they both were tranflated into tliei 
+heavens, and made a conftellation, which is (till 
+called Gemini ; and when one of them rifes, the 
+other fets. • Sailors efteein thofe ftars lucky and 
+profperous to them, m becaufe when the Argonauts 
+were driven by a violent tempeft, two lambent 
+flames fettled upon the heads of Caftor and Pollux, 
+and a calm immediately enftied,'and from thence a 
+virtue more than human was thought to be lodged; 
+in thefe youths : but if only one flame appeared, 
+they called it Helena ; and it was efteemed fatal and' 
+deftrudtive to mariners. 
+
+There was a famous temple dedicated to Caftcyr 
+and Pollux in the forum at Rome; for it was be¬ 
+lieved, that in the dangerous battle of the Romans 
+with the Latins, they afiifted the Romans, tiding 
+upon white horfes. 
+
+From hence came that form of fwearing by the 
+temple of Caftor, which women only ufed, faying, 
+n Jlhcajlor: whereas when men fwore, they ufually 
+fwore by Hercules ; ufing the words, ° Hcreuhy 
+
+Kerch , 
+
+
+k Sic fratrem Pollux alterna morte redemit, 
+
+“ Itque reditque viam.” Virg. Andd. 6- 
+
+Thus Pollux, offering his alternate life. 
+
+Could free his brother. They did daily go 
+By turns aloft, by turns defeend below. 
+
+i Pi in. 1 . 7. c. 5. 7. up. Nat. Com m Hor. 1 . 3. Car®» 
+
+n ./ix alter, xfcklepol, id eft, per cedem Caitoris St l ;, oUvvc,s. 
+
+o Pafiim apud Ter cut. Plant. Cicer. < 3 ce. 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 3^9 
+
+farde, Hercules , Mehcrcules , Mehercide . But both 
+men and women fvvore by the temple of Pollux, 
+tiling the word Edepol, an oath common to them 
+
+both, 
+
+P. But what became of Clytemneftra ? 
+
+M* Clytemneftra was married to Agamemnon, 
+whom, after his return from the liege of Troy, fee 
+killed, by the help of ^Sgiftheus, (with whom in 
+the mean time fee lived in adultery) : fee attempt¬ 
+ed alfo to kill his fon Oreftes ; which ftie had done, 
+Pjfhis lifter Eledlra had not delivered him at the 
+very point of deftrudtion, fending him privately to 
+Strophius king of Phocis ; where, after he had lived 
+
+twelve years, he returned into his own country, and 
+
+(lew both Clytemneftra and /Egiftlieus. He killed 
+alfo Pyrrhus in the temple of Apollo ; becaufe he 
+had carried away Her mi one the daughter of Mene- 
+laus, who was iirfl betrothed to Oreftes. Where¬ 
+fore the Furies tormented him 5 neither could he 
+obtain deliverance from them, till he had expiated 
+his wickednefs at the altar of Diana Taurica, whi¬ 
+ther he was conduced by Fy]rides his friend, his 
+perpetual companion, and his partner in all his 
+dangers ; q wliofe friendfeip v as fo clofe and facred, 
+that either of them would die for the other. 
+
+P. Who was that Diana Taurica ? 
+
+M. The Goddefs Diana, that was worfeipped in 
+Taurica Cherfonefus, or Cherronefus, a peninfula 
+fo called from the Tauri, an ancient people of Scy¬ 
+thia Eui'opsea. r This Goddefs was worfeipped 
+with human victims ; the lives and the blood of 
+men were facrifced to her. When Oreftes came 
+thither, Iphigenia his lifter, the daughter of Aga¬ 
+memnon, was prieftefs to Diana Taurica; fee was 
+made prieftefs on the following occalion: 
+Agamemnon, king of the Argivi, was by the 
+
+com- 
+
+
+p Sophocl. in EIed3:r. Euripid. in OrcJf. 
+r Euripid. in Iphig, in Taur. 
+
+
+q Cicero dc amicitia. 
+
+
+
+
+glQ Of the Gods of the Heathens. 1 
+
+•common coirfent of the Grecians, appointed gene-, 
+ral in their expedition againft Troy ; and, as I laid 
+before, after the war was ended, and Troy taken, 
+was killed when he returned home by his own wife 
+Clytemneflra. This Agamemnon killed a deer bj 
+chance, in the country of Aulis, which belonged to 
+Diana 5 the Goddefs was angry, and caufed i'nch aj 
+calm, that for want of wind the. Grecian fhips; 
+bound for Troy were fixed and immoveable : here - 1 
+upon they confulted the foothfayers : who anfwered, 
+s That they mull fatisfy the winds and Diana with 
+fome of the blood of Agamemnon. Wherefoi 
+Ulyfies was forthwith fent away to bring Ipliigenia 
+the daughter of Agamemnon, from her mother b 
+a trick, under the pretence of marrying her to A- 
+chilles. And whilft the young lady flood at the 
+altar to be facrificed, the Goddefs pitied her, and 
+fubflituted a hind in her flead, and fent her into 
+Taurica Cherfonefus ; where, by the order of kin 
+Thyas, fhe prefided over tliofe facrifices of the God 
+defs which were folemnized with human blood. 
+
+
+5 
+
+
+And when Orefles was brought thither by the inha 
+bitants to be facrificed, he was known and preferved 
+by his fifler> After which Thyas was killed, and 
+the image of Diana, which lay hid among a bun 
+die of flicks, was carried away ; and from hence 
+Diana was called Fafcefis, from ffc is , a bundle , 
+
+
+
+
+CHAP. VI. 
+
+Perseus. 
+
+
+"pERSEUS was the fon of Jupiter by Danae, the 
+'*■ daughter of Acrifius, t who was Unit by her 
+father in a very flrong tower, where no man could 
+
+come 
+
+
+s JSurip. in Iphig. in Taur. 
+
+
+t Paufan. in Corinth, 
+
+
+Of the 'Gods of the Heathens • 31! 
+
+<ome'to her; becaufe her father had been told by 
+$n oracle, that he ihould be killed by his own 
+grandchild. But nothing is impregnable to love; 
+for Jupiter, by changing himfelf into a fhower of 
+gold, defcended through the tiles into the lady’s 
+j)ofom, and when he had enjoyed her, he left her 
+with a full purfe and a big belly. u Horace tells 
+the ilory very ingenioufly. 
+
+As foon as Acrifius heard that his daughter 
+had brought forth a fon, he ordered that Jfhe and 
+the infant fhould be fhut up in a chefl and thrown 
+into the fea; where a fifherman found them, and 
+took them out, and prefentod them to king Pilum- 
+nus; who married Danae, and brought up her fon, 
+whom he called Pet feus . 
+
+Perfeus, when he was grown a man, received 
+from Mercury a fey the of adamant, and wings, 
+which he fixed to his feet: Pluto gave him a hel¬ 
+met, and Minerva a fhield of brafs, fo bright, that 
+itrefle&ed the images of things, like a looking- 
+glafs. 
+
+P. What memorable a&ions did he perform? 
+
+M\ Firft, he x delivered Andromeda, the daughter 
+of Cepheus king of Ethiopia, when lie was bound by 
+
+the 
+
+
+u 4i Inclufam Danaen turris ahenea 
+“ Robuftseque fores, St vigilum canum 
+“..Trifles excubise munierant fatis 4 - 
+“ Nodharnis ab adulteris : 
+
+“ Si non Acrifium, Virginis abditce 
+“ Cuflodem pavidum, Jupiter Sc Venus 
+“ Rififient: fore enim tutum iter Sc patens, 
+
+“ Converfo in pretium Deo.” Hor. Cana. 1. 3 - 
+
+Within a brazen tower immur’d, 
+jBy dogs and centinels fecur’d 
+From midnight revels and intrigues of love, 
+
+Fair Danae was kept within her guardian’s power : 
+
+But gentle Venus fmil’d, and amorous Jove 
+Knew he could foon unlock the door, 
+
+And by his art fuccefsful prove, 
+
+Chang’d to a golden fliow’r. ^ 
+
+* Propertf 1. 2 , By gin. cte fignis c«lcftibus, 1. 
+
+
+$12 Of the Gods of the Heathens, 
+
+the Nymphs to a rock to be devoured by a f c;i . 
+monfter, becaufe her mother proudly preferred he 
+beauty to theirs ; and when he had delivered her, 
+he took her to wife. After which, both the mo 
+ther Calliope, or Cafiiopeia, and the daughter, an 
+the fon-in-law, were placed among the celeftia! 
+oonflellations. His next expedition was againfl tin 
+Gorgons, of which we have fpoken before. H, 
+encountered with Medufa, their princefs 5 fnake; 
+fupplied the place of hair on her head. He faw th 
+image of her head by the briglitnefs of his fhield 
+and by the favourable affiftan.ee of Minerva ftrucki 
+off; and afterwards fixed it upon a fhield, and b 
+fhewing it, he turned many perfons into ftone, 
+Atlas was ^turned by the fight of it into th 
+mountain in Mauritania of that !name: becauft 
+he rudely refufed to entertain Perfeus. When Me- 
+dufa’s head was cut off, the horfe Pegafus fpran 
+from the blood which was fhed on the ground: In 
+is fo called from nwy* a fountahi: x becauft 
+
+he was born near the fountains of the fea. Thi: 
+horfe had wings, and flying over the mountain He¬ 
+licon, he ftruck it with his hoof, and opened afoun 
+tain, which they called in Greek Hippocv'ne , 
+and in Latin Forts Caballinus ; that is, the horfe> 
+fountain. But afterwards, while he drank at th 
+fountain Pyrene in Corinth, where Belleropho: 
+prepared himfelf for his expedition again!! t'iv 
+Chimaera, he was by him taken and kept. 
+
+Bellerphon’s fxrft name was Hipponeus ; >'be 
+caufe he firft taught the art of governing horfe: 
+with a bridle. But when he had killed Bellcrus, 
+king of Corinth, he was afterwards called Bcllero- 
+phonies. This Bellerophon, the fon of Glauctt 
+king of Ephyra, was equally beautiful and virtu- 
+ous y he refilled all the temptations whereby Sthe- 
+
+nobtea. 
+
+
+x Strabajl, 8 
+
+
+y Ita did;us ab e^uis frssno regindil 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 3 j 3 
+
+nobsea, the wife of Prcetus, enticed him to commit 
+adultery; his denial provoked her fo, that in re¬ 
+venge fhe accufed the innocent flranger to her huf- 
+Band. Prcetus, however, would not violate the 
+laws of hofpitality with'the blood of Bellerophon ; 
+but fent him into Lycia, to his father-in-law Jo- 
+bates, with letters, which deli red him to pnnilh 
+Belleroplion as his crime deferved. Jobates read 
+the letters, and feat him to fight again!! the So- 
+Irmi, that he might be killed in battle : but he 
+ealily vanquiflied them ; and, in many other dan¬ 
+gers to which he was expofed, he always came off 
+conqueror. At Jaft he was fent to kill the Ghimaera; 
+which he undertook and performed, when he had 
+procured the horfe Pegafus by the help of Nep¬ 
+tune. z Wherefore Jobates admired the bravery of 
+,the youth, and gave him one of his daughters to 
+wife, allotting himalfo a part of his kingdom. Sthc- 
+
+nob;ea killed herfclf when fine heard this. This 
+
+# 
+
+happy fuccefs fo tranfported Bellerophon, that lie 
+endeavoured to fly upon Pegafus to heaven : for 
+kich Jupiter finking him with madnefs, he fell 
+from his horfe into a field called Altilts Ccwipus, 
+becaufe in that place Bellerophon wandered up 
+aid down blind to the end of his life : 
+was placed among the ffars. Some fay that this 
+was the occafion of the fable of the Chimtera r 
+here was a famous pirate, who 11 fed to fail in a 
+|hip on whofe prow was painted a lion, on the fieri). 
+
+dragon, and in the body of the ihip a goat de- 
+[cribed ; and this pirate was killed by Bellerophon, 
+11 a long-boat that was called Pegafus, From the 
+etters which Bellerophon carried to Jobates, 
+comes the proverb Belltrophon's Letters ; when any 
+,ne carries letters which he imagines are wrote in 
+
+O his 
+
+
+but Pegafus 
+
+
+z Homeri Ilias. 
+hV-Y.t Vr(<£, 
+
+
+a Ab 'AXiw, erro. 
+'ygtt{tpoTl<z J B slier opbontis Lit tree , ufilatius tliclar. 
+
+
+
+^14 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+his favour, when they are fent to procure hU rum. 
+And fuch letters are frequently called the Letters o 
+Uriah, for the fame reafon- 
+
+
+CHAP. VIL 
+
+iEsc ULAPIUS. 
+
+ALTX/HY are you fo iilent, Palceophilus ? Wha 
+
+* * employs your thoughts fo long ? 
+
+P. I was obferving that c bearded old man tha 
+leans upon his jointed cane, and is adorned with' 
+crown of laurel, and cncompalTed about with dogs 
+Pray, Sir tell me his name, who is he and wha 
+are his excellencies ? 
+
+M. It is /Efculapius, d the God of the phyfician 
+and phyfic, and the fon of Apollo and tl>c Nymp 
+C oronis. He improved the art of phyfic, whit 
+was before little underflood : and for that reafe 
+they accounted him a god- c Apollo Ihot tin 
+ISTympli his mother when file was with child o] 
+him, becaufe file admitted the embraces of ano 
+ther young man after he had enjoyed her. But In 
+repented after he had killed her, and opening he 
+body, took out the child alive, and delivered bin 
+to be educated by the phyfician Chiron, f whotaugii 
+him his own art. The youth made fo great a pr> 
+grefs in it, that becaufe he reflored health to tin 
+feck, and fafety to thofe w r hofe condition was de: 
+perate, he was thought to have a power of recr.l 
+ing the dead to life again. Whereupon Pluto, t:i 
+king of hell, s complained to Jupiter very inucl 
+that his revenue was dimimihed and his fubjccl 
+taken from him by means of iEfculapius ; and 
+
+lent 
+
+
+c Lucian, in Jove. Trag. 
+e Homer in Hymn. 
+
+
+b Cicero Leg. 2, Corn. Cdi’. 
+
+f Ovid* Met. 
+
+
+
+t • *> 
+
+
+
+
+IM. XXV. 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+
+3*5 
+
+
+!engtli> by his perfuafion, Jupiter killed him with 
+a ftroke of thunder. 
+
+He wears a crown of laurel, h becaufe that tree 
+is powerful in curing many difeafes. By the knots 
+in his ilafF is fignifted the difficulty of the ftudy of 
+ohjfic. He hath dogs painted about him, and dogs 
+in bis temple ; becaufe many believe that he was 
+born of uncertain parents, and expofed, and after¬ 
+wards nourifhed by a bitch. 1 Others fay, that a 
+goat which was purfued by a dog gave fuck to the 
+forfaken infant ; and that the fliepherds faw a lam¬ 
+bent frame playing about his head., which was the 
+prognokication of his future divinity. After that, 
+the Cyrenians ufed to offer a goat to him in the fa- 
+crifices; either becaufe he was «ourifhed by a goat 
+as was faid, k or becaufe a a;oat is always in a it- 
+
+' O - 
+
+ver; and therefore a goat’s ccnkittitlnn is ver 7 con- 
+irary to health. 1 Plato fays that they tded to fa- 
+irifice dunghill-cocks to him, which k deemed the 
+moil vigilant of all birds ; for of all virtues, prin¬ 
+cipally wakefulnefs is neceilary to a phyiician. 
+
+P. Where was he particularly worthippc.d ? 
+
+M. At PLpidaurus m iird, where he was'born : af¬ 
+terward ac Rome 5 beca.rfe when Ire was lent for 
+thither, he delivered the city hom a dreadful pc- 
+,ftikiice. For which rcc.fon n a temple was dedica¬ 
+ted to him in an illvnd in the nicuth of the '1 iber* 
+where he was work ipped under the form of a great 
+ferpent; for when the Homans came to Ifpiclanrus 
+to tranfport the god from thenea, 0. great ferpent 
+entered into tire f ip : and they believ ing it to be 
+^fcuhipius, broufd t it h* T k-we with them. O- 
+ther.s tell the ilovy thus : When the Romans were 
+received by the people of Fpidaurus with all kind- 
+
+O 2 nefs> 
+
+
+b iue Feftum. i La61 ant. dc falf. icli 
+kidym. 1. 3 . a piul. Nat. 
+hv. 1. 45 . 5c. 1. 10 , I lori Epitome, 1. II. 
+Sueton. in Claud, c. 2 <o 
+
+
+. Paufan. in Corinth. 
+1 Com. in riicedon^? 
+
+
+
+ST 6 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+i 
+
+
+
+
+■ 
+
+i 
+
+
+riefs, and were car red into the temple of ^f cu 
+lapius, the ferpent, under whofe image they wor 
+fh : pped that God, went voluntarily into the flfip o 
+the Romans. ; 
+
+I can tell you nothing of the children of iEfciu 
+lapius ; except their names. He had two fons call, 
+ed Mach a on and Podalirius , both famous phyiicians/ 
+who followed Agamemnon, the general of the 
+Grecians, to the Trojan war, and were very fervice 
+able among the foldiers ; and two daughters, 0 Hy 
+giaea or Sanitas (though fome think this was no 
+Ills daughter, but his wife), and Jafo. 
+
+P. Is their nothing remarkable concerning hi 
+mailer Chiron ? 
+
+M. Since you afk, I will tell you, that he wa 
+a Centaur, and the fon of Saturn and Phillyra ; fo 
+when Saturn embraced that nymph, he fuddenl 
+changed himfelf into a horfe, p becaufe his wifi 
+Ops came in. Phillyra was with child hy him, an 
+brought forth a creature, in its upper parts like 
+man, in its lower parts like a horfe, and called i 
+Chiron ; who, when he grew up, betook himfelf ; n 
+to the woods, and their learning the virtue o 
+herbs, became a moll excellent phyfician : for hi 
+fkill in phyfic, and for his other virtues, which wer 
+many, he was appointed tutor to Achilles, inftruc 
+ted Hercules in aftronomy, and taught ./Efculapm 
+phyfic. At lafl when he handled Hercules’ 
+arrows, one of them, dipped in the poifonous bloo 
+of the Lernsean hydra, fell upon his foot, and gav 
+him a wound that was incurable, and pains tha 
+were intolerable ; infomuch that he defined to die 
+but could not, becaufe he was born of two immort 
+al parents. Therefore, at length the Gods tranfj 
+J.ated him into the firmament, where he now re 
+
+mains 
+
+
+
+
+fl 
+
+
+Z 
+
+
+M 
+
+■ % 
+
+V 
+
+3 
+
+
+o Hygiasa fignificat fiaiitatcm, &Jai*o derivatur ab tow' 
+
+;•) Virg. Georg. 1. 3 . 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 3*7 
+
+mains ; for he became a conflellation called Sagit¬ 
+tarius, which is placed in the zodiac. 
+
+
+C H A P. VIII. 
+
+Prometheus. 
+
+P Rometheus, the fon of Japetus, q and the fa¬ 
+ther of Deucalion, was the hrfl (as we find 
+in hiflory) that formed a man out of clay ; which 
+he did with fuch art and fkill, that Minerva was 
+amazed, and proffered to procure any thing from 
+heaven which would anywife complete his work. 
+Prometheus anfwered, that he did not know what 
+in heaven would be ufeful to him, fince he had ne¬ 
+ver feen heaven. Therefore Minerva carried him 
+up to heaven, and {hewed him all there that was 
+to be feen. He obferved tint the heat of the fun 
+would be very ufeful in animating the man which 
+he had formed ; wherefore he lighted a flick by 
+the wheel of the fun’s chariot, and carried it light¬ 
+ed with him to the earth. This theft difpleafed 
+Jupiter fo much, that he fent Pandora into the 
+world to Prometheus, with a box that was filled 
+with all forts of evils. But Prometheus, fearing 
+andfufpedling the matter, refufed to accept it: but 
+his brother Epimetheus was not fo cautious ; for he 
+took it and opened it, and all the evils that were 
+111 it flew abroad among mankind. When he per¬ 
+ceived what he had done, he immediately fhut the 
+box again, and by good fortune hindred Hope from 
+tying away, which fluck to the bottom of the box. 
+
+O 3 You 
+
+
+p Vide Claud. Panegyr. de couf. Hon. 
+
+
+
+
+• Of the Gods of the Heathens • 
+
+You may remember how fweetly r Horace fpeakil 
+
+of this theft of Prometheus. 
+
+Jupiter punilhed Prometheus in this manner : H 
+
+commanded Mercury s to bind him to the moun^ 
+tain Caucafus ; and then lie lent an eagle to binf 
+there, which continually gnawed his liver. Yet;’ 
+fome fay 1 that he was not puniflied becaufe ha 
+ft ole lire from heaven, but becaufe he had made* 
+woman ; which they fay, is the molt pernicious; 
+creature in the world. 
+
+To this Nicander adds another fable. u Whei 
+mankind had received the fire of Prometheus 
+fome ungratefully diicovered this theft to Jupiter 
+who gave him the gift of perpetual youth. . The; 
+put this grft upon an sfs 5 s back, tbat it might b( 
+brought to the earth. The afs in his journey w; 
+thirdly, and came to a fpring to drink ; but ^ 
+water-ferpent would not fufTer him, unlcfs the af 
+would give him the burden which he carried: th 
+afs gave it him ; and hence it comes to pafs, tha 
+when the ferpent is old, he cafts his lkin, and feem 
+to grow young again. 
+
+Pro 
+
+
+
+
+r “ Audax omnia perpeti. 
+
+•* Gcnshumana ruit per vetitum nefas. 
+
+“ Audax Iapeti genus 
+“ Ignem fraucle mala gentibus intnlit: 
+
+Poft ignem ss there a ilo mo 
+“ Subdultum, macies & nova febrium 
+“ Terris incubuit cohors : 
+
+Semotiquc prius tarda neceflitas 
+“ Lethi corrtpuit gradum.” 
+
+IvFo pow’r the pride of mortals can controul : 
+
+Prone to new crimes, by flrong prefumption driven, 
+With facrilegious hands Pren: > heus hole 
+
+Celeilial fire, and bore it down from hcffveii : 
+The fatal prefent brought on mortal race 
+An army, of difeafes ; death began 
+With vigour then to mend his halting pace. 
+
+And found a mod compendious way tv) man. 
+s Ilcfiod in Theogon. t Menander Po.Gtrn 
+
+a. In Theoej\ 
+
+
+or. Carm. l#< 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens* 319 
+
+Prometheus had been ferviceable to Jupiter, for 
+he discovered to Jupiter his father Saturn’s con- 
+fpiracy, and prevented the marriage of Jupiter and 
+Thetis, which he forefaw would be fatal ; where-* 
+fore Jupiter fufFered Hercules to flioot the eagle, 
+and let Prometheus at liberty. 
+
+This perhaps is the meaning of the fable. Pro-" 
+metheus (whofe name is derived Y from a word de¬ 
+noting forejight and providence ) was a very prudent 
+perfon; and becaufe he reduced the men that were 
+before rude and favage to the precepts of huma¬ 
+nity, he was feigned from thence to have made 
+men out of the dirt; and becaufe he was deligent in 
+obferring the motions of the liars from the moun¬ 
+tain Caucafus, therefore they laid that he was 
+chained there. To which they added, that he dole 
+fire from the Gods, becaufe he invented the wav 
+of finking fire out of the hint; or was the fird that 
+difeovered the nature of lightning. And, laftly, 
+becaufe he applied his mind to his dudy with great 
+care and folicitude, x therefore they imagined an 
+eagle preying upon his liver continually. 
+
+P, You fa id jud now that he was the father of 
+Deucalion : Did you mean him who repaired the 
+race of mankind, which was almod extinct ? 
+
+Af, Yes, I mean the fame Deucalion. When he 
+reigned in Theflaly, there was fo great a deluge, 
+that the whole earth was overflowed by it, and all 
+mankind entirely dedroyed, excepting only Deuca¬ 
+lion and Pvrrha his wife. Thofe two were carried 
+
+4 •/ 
+
+m a fliip upon the mountain Parnaflus ; and when 
+the waters were abated, they confulted the oracle 
+of Themis, to know by what means mankind fliould 
+again be redored. The oracle anfwered, that man¬ 
+kind would be redored, <c if they cad the bones of 
+“ their great mother behind them. By magna mater 
+
+O 4 the 
+
+v A vo -xr.s zjpcprjto'.c, id eft, provident! a. Pan fan. in Eliac. 
+
+* Apol. J. 3, 
+
+
+
+
+I 
+
+
+£ 
+
+
+320 ■ Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+the oracle meant the earth ; and by her bones, the* 
+Hones ; wherefore calling the Hones behind their 
+foicks, a prodigious miracle enfued; y for thofe Hones 
+that were thrown by Deucalion became men, and;: 
+thofe that were thrown by Pyrrha became women. 
+The occafion of which fable was this : Deucalion; 
+and his wife were very pious, and by the example : 
+of their lives and the fan£tifcy of their manners- 
+they foftened the men and women, who before 
+were fierce and hard like Hones, into fuch gentle- 
+ttefs and niildnefs, that they oblerved the rules of 
+civil fociety and good behaviour. 
+
+
+!! 
+
+V 
+
+
+CHAP, IX 
+
+Atlas. 
+
+
+
+
+
+w 
+
+M. It 
+
+
+J > ."W’TTTHO is he that fuHains the heavens upon 
+yV h* s flioulders ? 
+
+M. It is Atlas king of Mauritania, the fon of 
+Japetus, and brother of Prometheus ; who was 
+forewarned by an oracle, that he fhould be almoft 
+ruined by one of the fons of Jupiter, and therefore 
+refolved to give entertainment to no Hranger at all. 
+At laH Perfeus (who was begotten by Jupiter) tra¬ 
+velled by chance through Atlas’s dominions, and 
+defigned in civility to vifit him. But the king ex¬ 
+cluded him the court; which inhumanity provoked 
+
+him 
+
+
+y ** --—S;ixa 
+
+k ‘ Mifia viri manibus faciem traxcre virorum : 
+tl Et de fssmmeo reparata eit feemina jatflu. 
+
+“ Inde Genus durum fames,— — —■ — -- 
+
+Et documcnta damus qua limns origine nati.’* 
+
+— — — — —And of the (tones 
+
+Vhoie thrown by man the form of men endue, 
+And thofe were wo.ncn which the wo-nan threw 
+lienee we a hardy race, inur'd to pain ; 
+
+Our actions our original proclaim. 
+
+
+Ov. Met. 3. 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 321 
+
+him fo much, that putting his fhield which he car¬ 
+ried with him before the eyes of Atlas, and {hew¬ 
+ing him the head of Medufa, he turned him into 
+the mountain of his own name : which is fo high,, 
+that it is believed to 2 touch the heavens. Virgil 
+makes mention of him a in the fourth Book of his 
+./Eneids. 
+
+The reafon why the poets feigned that Atlas 
+fuftained the heavens • on his {boulders was this : 
+Atlas was a very famous aftronomcr, and the fir ft 
+perfon who underfloocl and taught the dodlrine of 
+the fphere ; and on the fame account the poet tells 
+us that his daughters were turned into ftars. 
+
+P. How many daughters had he, and what were 
+their names ? 
+
+Mn By his wife Pleione b he had feven daugh¬ 
+ters, whofe names were Ele&ra, Haley one, Cehtno, 
+Mam, After ope, laygcte, and Me rope, and were call¬ 
+ed by one common name, Pleiaacs : And by his 
+wife -dithra c he had feven other daughters j and 
+their names were Ambrofta, Endora, Pafttheo, Coro - 
+»h, Plexaris, Pylho, and Tyc'he. And thefe were 
+called by one common name, Hyades . 
+
+P. Why were thefe latter daughters called Hy - 
+
+adcs ? 
+
+O 5 M. from 
+
+
+z Herodotus in Melpomene. 
+
+a “-Jamque volans apieem Sc latcra ardua cernit 
+
+“ Atlantis dun, Coelumque vertice fulcit : 
+
+11 Atlantis cindium aflidtie ctii nubibus atris 
+
+
+Pituferura caput, Sc vento pulfatur & imbri: 
+
+“ Nix humeros infufa tegit; turn flumina mento 
+“Precipitant fenis, Sc giacie riget horrida barba.” 
+Now fees- the top of Atlas as he flies, 
+
+Whofe brawny back fupports the Harry Ikies : 
+
+Atlas, whofe head, with piny foreits crown’d, 
+h beaten by the winds, with foggy vapours bound ; 
+Snowi; hide his fhoulders : from beneath liis chirr * 
+founts of rolling ftreams their race begin, 
+h 0vic f faftornm 5 c Aratus in A Axon. 
+
+
+
+
+
+3 22 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+
+M\ From d a word which in fhe Greek lan 
+
+
+
+
+A 
+
+
+ftgnifies to rain, becaufe when they rife or fet they 
+caufe great rain : and therefore the Latins called 
+them c Suculee (that is, /xt»///*?} ; becaufe the continu¬ 
+al rain that they caufe, makes the roads fo muddy 
+that they feem to delight in dirt like fwine. f Ci¬ 
+thers derive their names from Hyas their brother, 
+who was devoured by a lion : his lifters were fo 
+immoderately ailbcted and grieved at his death, 
+that Jupiter in companion changed them into feven 
+ftars, which appeared in the head of Taurus. And 
+they are juftly called Hyades % becaufe fhowers of 
+tears flow from their eyes to this day. 
+
+P. Why were the daughters firft mentioned call¬ 
+ed Pleiades ? 
+
+s 
+
+M. Their name is derived'from a Greek word 
+lignifying h failing. For when thefe ftars arifo, they 
+rife in 1 the fpring-time, the Romans call them Ver¬ 
+gil ice ; although others, think that they are called 
+Pleiades k from their number, becaufe they never 
+appear lingle but altogether, except Merope, whe* 
+is fcarce ever feen, for Ihe is alhamed that lhemar-i 
+
+l 
+
+tied vSifyphus, a mortal man, when all the reft oft 
+the lifters married Gods. 1 Others call this obfeure 
+ftar Electra,, becaufe fhe held her hand before her 
+eyes, and would not look upon the deftru&ion of 
+Troy. Tlie Hyades were placed among the ftars 
+becaufe they bewailed immoderately the death of 
+
+their. 
+
+
+
+
+i • 
+
+
+* 
+
+•( 
+
+
+
+
+b bW/o 'out, id ft ft, pUiere. 
+
+Navita quas Hyades grams ab imbre vocat.” 
+
+T'rom ram the tailors .call them Hyales, 
+
+e Suculx, cjaemadmoiain eas Grxci vocant ws*-, id eft, fnc 
+Aulus Cell. 1 . 13. o. <?. f Kuripid. in Jove 
+
+Ilcficdus in Yhcog. h 'Aero <ra d navigando. 
+
+eommodiun cnim tempos navigation! oitendunt. 
+i Vergilise didtse a verno tempore quo exoriuntur. k Qnali 
+
+hoc elt, pluves, quod nunquam lingula apparent. Jed 
+•in nncs funu i, i .Ovid, Faft, a. 
+
+
+
+
+I 
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 323 
+
+their brother Hyas ; fo the Pleiades were tranflated 
+into heaven, becaufe they incefiantly lamented the 
+hard fate of their father Atlas, who was converted 
+into a mountain. But let us fpeak a little about 
+their uncle Helperus. 
+
+Hefperus vv T as the brother of Atlas ; and becaufe 
+he iived fome time in Italy, that country was call¬ 
+ed anciently ILefperia , from him.- He frequently 
+went up to the top of the mountain Atlas to view 
+the flats : at lafl he went up, and came down from 
+the mountain no more. This made the people ima¬ 
+gine that he was carried up into heaven : where¬ 
+upon they worfhippad him as a God, and called a 
+very bright flar from his name Hefperus , Hefpcr y . 
+Hifperugo , Vtfpcr, and Hcfperugo, which is called 
+the evening Jlar , which lets after the fun : but when • 
+it rifes before the fun, it is called \_phofpho- 
+
+r//x] or Lucifer ; that is, the morning-jliir . Farther, 
+this Hefperus had three daughters, Egle, JPretliufu, 
+fold Hefperethufa ; who in general were called the' 
+HeJpc rides ». And it was fa id, that in their gardens 
+trees were planted which bore golden fruit : tliefe 
+trees were guarded -by a watchful dragon, that 
+Hercules killed, and he carried away the golden- 
+apples. Hence the plirafe, m To give forae of the 
+apples of the Hcfpcridcs,. that is to give .a- great • 
+and fplendid .gift. 
+
+
+C H A P. v:. 
+
+Orpheus and Amphion. 
+
+Y 'OU fee Orpheus and Amphion are drawn in" 
+the fame manner, and almofl in the fame co- • 
+lours, becaufe they both excelled in the fame art, 
+
+O 6 namely. 
+
+
+in '§cieiV)'T<ti } id cdt ; mala- . 
+
+
+
+
+324 Qf the Gods of the Heathens* 
+
+namely in muf;c ; in which they were fo fkilful, tlja \ 
+by playing on the harp they moved not only men, 
+but beads, and even dones themfelves. 
+
+Orpheus , the fon of Apollo by Calliope, t; c 
+Mufe, with the harp that he received from his fa*, 
+ther played and fang fo fweetly, that he tamed will 
+beads, flayed the courfe of rivers, and made whole 
+woods follow him. n He defeended with the fame 
+harp into Hell to recover from Pluto and Profer- 
+pine his wife JLurydice, who had been killed by a 
+ferpent when flie fled from the violence of Arida;u$. 
+And here he fo charmed both the king and the 
+queen with the fweetnefs of his mufic, that they 
+permitted his wife to return to life again, upon this 
+condition that he fhould not look upon her till 
+they were both arrived upon earth : but fo im¬ 
+patient and eager was the love of Orpheus, that 
+he could not perform the condition ; wherefore flie 
+was taken back again into hell. Hereupon Or¬ 
+pheus refolved for the future to live a widower 
+and with his example alienated the minds of many 
+others from the love of women. This fo provok¬ 
+ed the Maenades and Bacchre, that they tore him in 
+pieces : though other authors afbgn another reafon 
+of his death viz. that the women, by the mitiga¬ 
+tion of Venus, were fo inflamed with the love of 
+him, that driving to run into his embraces, and 
+quarrelling with one another which fhould have 
+him, they tore him in pieces. His bones were af¬ 
+terwards gathered by the Mufes, and repofed in a 
+fepulchre, not without tears ; and his harp was 
+made the conflellation of Lyra. 
+
+Amphzon was the fon of Jupiter by An-tiope. He 
+received his lute and harp.from Mercury \ and 0 with 
+
+its 
+
+
+n Apoll. 1 . 1. Argo. 
+
+“ Didtus & Amphion, Theban® f onditor lirbis, 
+
+“ Saxa moverc fono teftupinis, prece blanda 
+
+Ducere quo vellet.” Jior. de Arte Feet 
+
+AmpiuQtt 
+
+
+Of the GoJs of the Heathens • 
+
+
+3*5 
+
+
+its found moved the flones fo regularly, that they 
+compofed the walls of the city of Thebes, 
+
+The fable may be thus interpreted : Orpheus 
+and Amphion were fo eloquent, that they perfuaded 
+thofe who lived a wild andfavage life before, to em¬ 
+brace the rules and manners of civil fociety. 
+
+Arion is a proper companion for tliefe two mu- 
+iicians ; and I wonder that his image is not in 
+this place* For he was a lyric poet of Methym- 
+na in the ifland of Lefbos, and gained immenfe 
+riches by his art, p When he was travelling from 
+Lelbos into Italy, his companions attempted to rob 
+him of his wealth. But having entreated the Tea¬ 
+men to fufter him to play on his harp before they 
+call him into the fea, q he played fo fweetly, that 
+when he had call himfelf into the fea, a dolphin, 
+drawn thither by the fweetnefs of his mulic, re¬ 
+ceived him on his back, r and carried him to 
+Tenedos. The dolphin for his kindnefs was carri¬ 
+ed into heaven and made a conflellation. 
+
+
+CHAP. XI. 
+
+Achilles. 
+
+A CfilLLES was the fon of Pelcus by Thetis^ 
+His mother plunged him in the Stygian 
+waters when he was an infant; which made his 
+
+whole 
+
+
+Amphion too, as ftory goes, could call 
+Obedient L ines to make the Theban wall. 
+
+He led ti -n as he pleas’d : the rocks obey’d, 
+
+And danc’d in order to the tunes he play’d. 
+
+Pauf. in Ivtetic. q Herod, in Clio. 
+
+r “ Ille ledcitharamque tenet, pretiumquc vehendi 
+“ Car. tat, & '.equoreas carmine mulcet aquas.” Ov. Jtajl. % 
+He on his ere. ehing back lits nil at erd'e. 
+
+With harp in hand, by which he calms the Teas ; 
+
+And for his paflage with a fong he pays. 
+
+
+
+326 
+
+
+Of the Go(h of the Heathens . 
+
+
+whole body ever after invulnerable, excepting that 
+part of Ills foot by which he was held when he was 
+waihe.d. Others fiy, that Thetis lhd him in the 
+night under a fire, s after flic had anointed him in 
+the day with ambrofia ; whence at fir ft lie was call-, 
+ed Pyrifot/s , becaufe he efcap<xl fafe from the fire;, 
+and afterward sichilles , c br-caufc he had but one lip; 
+for he licked the arnbroha from his other lip, !'o 
+that the fire had power to burn it oil. Others ngai 
+report, a that he was brought up by Chiron the 
+Centaur, and fed, in (head of milk, with the en¬ 
+trails of. lions and the marrow of boars and bears 
+fo that by that means ho received immenfe greai 
+nefs of foul and mighty ftr-ciisth of body. From 
+
+o •> o **• 
+
+him thofc who greatly excelled in ftrength were 
+called AchilUs ; v and ail argument is called /kbit 
+eui;i , when 310 object can weaken or di ip rove it, 
+
+' Thetis his mother had heard from an oracle, that 
+lie fhould he killed in the expedition againft Troy, 
+On the other hand, C?.lchr.s the diviner had deck 
+red, that Troy could net be taken without him. 
+By the cunning of Ulylles, he was forced to go : fo 
+when his mother Thetis hid him in a boarding 
+fchool (?’// oy/uccco) in the ill and Scyros (one of the 
+Cyclades), in the habit of a virgin, among the 
+daughters of king Lycomede?, Ulyffes dilcovered 
+the trick : for he went tliither in the difffuiie of a 
+
+O 
+
+merchant, and brought with him feveral goods to 
+feil : the king’s daughters, as is the temper of v/o 
+men, began to view and handle curioufly the brace 
+lets, the glaffes, the necklaces, and other female or 
+naments. But Achilles, on the contrary, laid hold 
+of the targets, fitted the helmets to his head, b:*an- 
+diflied the fwords, and placed them to his fide. Thus 
+Ulyfles plainly diicovered Achilles from among the 
+
+virgin: 
+
+
+5 Apoll. 4 Argon . 
+y Al> a pnv. oC I a brum ; 
+
+it Apoll, 1 , 3, Kurip. in Iplug* 
+
+
+qnafi fine labro. 
+
+v Gell. 1 
+
+
+2, c, it. 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+
+3*7 
+
+
+virgins, and compelled him to go to the war, after 
+that Vulcan, by Thetis’s entreaty, had given him 
+impenetrable armour. Achilles at Troy killed 
+He&or the fon of Priamus, and was killed himfel € 
+by Paris by a trick of Polyxena. 
+
+x And all the Nymphs andMufes are faid to have 
+lamented his death. 
+
+This Polyxena was the daughter of Priamus king 
+of Troy, a virgin of extraordinary beauty. Achilles 
+by chance faw her upon the walls of the city, fell 
+in love with her, and defired to marry her : Pria- 
+mus confented : they met in the temple of Apollo 
+to folemnize the marriage ; where Paris, the bro¬ 
+ther of He£tor, coming in privately, and lurking 
+behind Apollo’s image, fuddenly iliot Achilles with 
+an arrow in that part of his foot in which only he 
+was vulnerable. After this Troy was taken ; and 
+the ghoft of Achilles demanded fatisfailion for the 
+murder, and the Grecians appeafed him by offer¬ 
+ing the blood of Polyxena. 
+
+
+
+
+CHAP. XL. 
+
+Ulysses, 
+
+
+U LYSSES was fonamed, becaufe when his mo¬ 
+ther was travelling, as fome fay, in the iflancL. 
+of Ithaca, or as others fay, Bosotia, fhe fell down oil- 
+the y road and brought him into the world. He 
+was the fon of Laertes and Anticlea. His wife was 
+Penelope, a Lady highly famed for her prudence 
+
+and 
+
+
+x Lycophron. in Alexand, 
+
+via; quod in ipfa via cjus mater iter faciens, lapfi 
+
+it.Yide Nat* Com. Stlicmmim in OdyfT, 
+
+* 
+
+
+y Greece 'Odwcrtvs ab 
+
+a ilium vc- 
+
+
+
+
+3 2 8 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+
+and virtue. He was unwilling that the Trojan war 
+lhould part him and his dear wife ; wherefore, to 
+avoid the expedition, he pretended to be mad, join¬ 
+ing different beafts to the fame plough, and low¬ 
+ing the furrows with fait. But this pretence was 
+dete&ed by Palamedes, who threw his infant-ion 
+into the furrow whilftUlyfles was ploughing, to fee 
+whether Ulyffes would fuffer the plough-fhare toj 
+wound him or no. When he came where his fon lay, 
+he turned the plough another way for fear of hurt¬ 
+ing him. This action fhewed him to be by no means 
+mad : and his father confequently lent him to the 
+war. He was of infinite fervice to the Greck^hj 
+removing the obftacles which prevented them from 
+taking the town they then befieged. He obtained 
+the arrows of Hercules from Philo&etes, and 
+brought them againft. Troy. He brought away the 
+alhes of Laomedon, which were preferved upon the 
+gate Scaea in Troy. He Hole the Palladium from 
+the fame city. He killed Khcefus king of Thrace 
+and took his horfes, before they had taken the wa¬ 
+ter of the river Xanthus. In which things the 
+deftiny of Troy was wrapped up : for if the Tro¬ 
+jans had preferved them, the town could never 
+have been conquered. 
+
+Afterward he contended with Ajax, the fon of 
+Telamon and Helione (who was the ftouteft of all 
+the Grecians except Achilles), before judges, for 
+the arms of Achilles. The judges were perfuaded 
+by the eloquence of Ulyffes $ gave fentence in his 
+favour, and alligned the arms to him. This dis¬ 
+appointment made Ajax mad ; whereupon he kill¬ 
+ed himfelf, and his blood was turned into the 
+violet. 
+
+When UlyiTes departed from Troy to.return 
+home, he failed backward and forward twenty 
+years ; for contrary winds and ill weather hinder¬ 
+ed him from coming home. In which time, 1. He 
+
+put 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens • 3^9 
+
+put out the eye of Polyhemus with a firebrand 5 
+anc! failing from thence to iEolia, he obtaind from 
+/Eolus all the winds which were contrary to him 
+and put them into leathern bags. His companions 
+believing that the bags were filled witb money and 
+not with wind, intended to. rob him , wherefore, 
+when they came almoft to Ithaca, they untied the 
+bags and the wind gufhed out and blew him back 
+to iEolia again. 2. When Circe had turned his 
+companions into beafts, he firit fortified himfelf 
+againfl her charms with the antidote that Mercury 
+had given him, and then ran into her cave with his 
+fword drawn, and forced her to reftore to his com¬ 
+panions their former fhapes again. After which 
+Circe and he were reconciled, and he had by her 
+T^leginus. 3. He went down into hell, to know 
+his future fortune from the prophet Tirefias. 
+4, When he failed to the iflands of the Syrens, he 
+flopped the ears of his companions, and bound 
+himfelf with ftrong ropes to the flap’s mall ; where¬ 
+by he avoided the dangerous fnares into which by 
+their charming voice they led men. 5. And la Illy 
+after his flap was broken and wrecked by the waves, 
+he efcaped by fwimming, and came naked and 
+alone to the port of Phasacia, where Naufica the 
+daughter of king Alcinous, found him hid among 
+the young trees, and entertained him civilly : and 
+when his companions were found, and the lhip re¬ 
+fitted, he was lent afleep into Ithaca, where Pallas 
+awaked him, and advifed him to put on the habit 
+of a beggar. Then he went to his neat-herds, 
+where he found his fon Telemachus ; and from 
+thence he went home in a difguife. Where, after 
+lie had received feveral affronts from the wooers of 
+Penelope, by the afliltance of the neat-herds and 
+liis fon, to whom he difeovered himfelf, he fet up- 
+w them, and killed them all 5 and then received 
+I'W Penelope. 
+
+
+Penelope, 
+
+
+
+33 ® Q/* the Gods of the Heathens . 1 
+
+Penelope, the daughter of Icarus, was a rare an ill 
+perfect example of chaftity. For though it wasl 
+generally thought that her hufband UlyfFes wasl 
+dead, fince he had been abfent from her twenty! 
+years, neither the defires of her parents, nor thejj 
+folicitations of her lovers could prevail on her4 
+to marry another man, and to violate the promifesi 
+of conftancy which (he gave to her hufband when! 
+he departed. For when many noblemen courted! 
+her, and even threatened her with ruin unlefs (he! 
+declared which of them lliould marry her, fhe de-| 
+fired that the choice might be deferred till fhe bads 
+finifhed that needle-work about which fhe was then! 
+employed: but undoing at night what fhe had! 
+worked by day, fhe delayed them till Ulyfles re -1 
+turned and killed them all. Hence came the pro-j 
+verb, 2 “ to weave Penelope’s web that is, to la*jj 
+bour in vain, when one hand deflroys what the] 
+other has wrought. \ 
+
+
+V 
+
+i 
+
+
+CHAP. XIII 
+
+
+The) 
+
+
+Orion. 
+
+
+P.TTTHAT was the birth of Orion ? 
+
+* * M. Modefty will hardly let me tell 
+
+however, I will conceal nothing from you. 
+
+fay that he was born from the urine of Jupiter] 
+
+.Neptune and Mercury ; for when they travelled 
+
+together they were benighted, and forced to lodge 
+
+in a poor man’s cottage, whole name was Hircu r 
+
+He entertained them handfomely as the mean net; 
+
+o 
+
+
+z “ Penelopes tclam texer'* id cO:, inanem operam Cumc v<-. 
+Vid. Krafiji. Ada". 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 33 * 
+
+tf his condition would fuffer. Their entertainment 
+pleafed them fo well, that they promifed to grant 
+•whatever he afked. He faid, that he promifed his 
+wife, when fhe died, never to marry again, and yet 
+that he extremely defired to have a fon. This pious 
+defire pleafed the Gods : and they confented to his 
+sequeft j and moiltened the hide of an ox (on 
+which they were entertained) with their urine, 
+commanding him to bury it ten months : after 
+which he dug it up, and found it a new horn child 
+which from this occafion he called Urion , or Orion . 
+
+Orion, when young, was a conllant companion 
+of Diana ; but becaufe his love of the Goddefs ex¬ 
+ceeded the bounds of modefty, or becaufe, as fome 
+fay, he extolled the ftrengtli of his body very in¬ 
+decently, and boafted that he could out-run and 
+(ubdue the wildeft and fierceft beafts, his arrogance 
+grievoufiy difpleafed the Earth ; wherefore fhe fent 
+a fcorpion which killed him. He was afterward 
+carried to the heavens, and there made a conftel- 
+lation ; which is thought to predict foul weather 
+when, it does not appear, and fair when it i3 vi¬ 
+able : whence the poets call him . a tempejious or 
+ftormy Orion . c 
+
+
+CHAP. XIV. 
+
+
+Osiris, Apis, and Serapis. 
+
+O SIRIS , Apisy and Seraph , are three different 
+names of one and the fame God ; therefore 
+they are not to be feparated in our difeourfe. 
+
+OJiris was the fon of Jupiter, by Niobe the 
+
+daugli- 
+
+
+
+a Nimbofus Orion, Virg. 2 E*n. nam eptve* fignificat turbo, movjec^ 
+^nde etiarx^ ipie nomen fiunpiilVe a uoimullis judicatur. 
+
+
+
+
+33 2 Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+^daughter of Phoroneus. He was king of the Ar- 
+gives many years : but he was ilirredup by the de- 
+lire of glory to leave his kingdom to his brother 
+./Egialus ; wherefore he failed into Egypt, to feek a 
+new name and new kingdoms there. The Iigyp, 
+tains were not fo much overcome by his arms, as 
+obliged to him by his courtefies and great kindnefs 
+towards them. After which he married Io the 
+daughcer of Inachus, whom Jupiter formerly turn¬ 
+ed into a cow, as we faid above : but when by her 
+diffraction {he was driven into Egypt, her former 
+lhape was again reflored ; and fhe married Ofiris, 
+and iuftrufted the Egyptians in letters : wherefore 
+both fhe and her hufband attained to divine ho¬ 
+nours, and were thought immortal by that peo¬ 
+ple. But Ofiris fhewed that he was mortal, for he was 
+killed by his brother Typhon. Io (afterward call¬ 
+ed Jfiij fought him a great while ; and when fhe 
+had found him at lafl in a cheft, fhe laid him in a 
+monument in an ifland near to Memphis, which 
+ifland is encompafTed by that fad and fatal lake the 
+Styx. And becaufe when fhe fought him fhe had 
+ufed dogs, who, by their excellent virtue of fmel- 
+ling, might difeover where he was hid, thence the 
+ancient cuflom came, b that dogs went firft in an 
+anniverfary proceflion in honour of Ifis. And the 
+people carefully and religioufly worfhipped a God 
+with a dog’s head, called Hnub is ; which God the 
+poets commonly call c Barker ; a God half a clog, 
+a dog half a d man. He is alfo called e Hermanubis; 
+becaufe his fagacity is fo great, that fome think 
+him to be the fame with Mercury. But let us re¬ 
+turn to Ofiris and Ifis. 
+
+After the body of Ofiris was interred, there ap¬ 
+peared 
+
+
+b Ex Gyr. Synlagm. 9. 
+
+c Latratorcm, iemicanem Bcmn. Vsrg. JEn. 8. 
+d Semihominern canem. Ovid. Met am. 9, Lucan. Scduli. 
+■ 6 Plut. ii: Ofiridc. Sirv. in J 3 C, n. 8. 
+
+
+* 
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens • 
+
+
+333 
+
+
+peared to the Egyptians a ftately beautiful ox: the 
+Egyptains thought that it was Ofiris ; wherefore 
+they worfhipped it, and called it Apis , which in 
+the Egyptian language fignifi'es an ox. But becaufe 
+his body after his death was found fhut up in a 
+f cheft, he was afterward from thence called So - 
+rapis, and by the change of a letter Scrapis ; as we 
+(hall fee more clearly, and particularly by and bye, 
+when I have obferved what Plutarch fays, that 
+Ofiris was thought to be the fun. His name comes 
+from ns , which in the Egygtian language fignifies 
+much , and iris an eye ; and his. image was a fceptre, 
+in the top of which was placed an eye. So that 
+Ofiris fignifies the fame as srcXX^Sax^y [ ’ polyphthal - 
+wos~\, many eyed : which agrees very well to the 
+fun, who feems to have fo many eyes as he hath 
+rays, by which he fees and makes all things vi- 
+fible. 
+
+Some fay that Ifis is Pallas, others Terra, others 
+Ceres, and many the ipoon - 7 for fhe is painted 
+fometimes s horned, as the moon appears in the in- 
+creafe ; and wears black garments, becaufe the moon 
+fliines in the night. In her right-hand fhe held a 
+cymbal, and in her left a bucket. Her head was 
+crowned with the feathers of a vulture ; for among 
+the Egyptains that bird is facred to Juno : and 
+therefore they adorned the tops of their porches 
+with the feathers of a vulture. The priefls of Ills, 
+called after her own name IJiaci y h abftained from 
+the fteih of fwine and fheep ; they ufed no i fait to 
+their meat, leafl they ihould violate their chaflity. 
+k They fhaved their heads \ 1 they wore paper fhoes 
+
+and 
+
+
+f 7.opcs fignificat arcam, in qua invent urn eft illius corpus 
+inclufum. 
+
+£ Ke aoip pus, id eft, cornigera affingebatur, ad Iunce crefcentis 
+fimilitudincm, Sc ptsXaMfaXoy, nigris, veftinus induta, quod luna, 
+hceat in tenebris. Vide Servium, ,/E.n. 8. 
+h Lilian, lib. de anim H-erodot. 1 . 2. i Plut. Symp. 5.C. xo. 
+k Ccel, Rhodigia. 5» c. 12. 1 Herodot. 1 . X. 
+
+
+
+334 O/* the Gods of the Heathens * 
+
+* 
+
+and a m linen veil, becanfe Ills flrfl taught the ufc 
+of flax ; from whence Ihe is called n Linegera , and 
+alfo 0 Inachis from Inachus her father. By the 
+name of IJis is ufually under flood wifdom. And 
+accordingly, upon the pavement of the temple, 
+
+there was this inscription : p “I am every thing that 
+
+** hath been, and is, and lhall be ; nor hath any 
+“ mortal opened my veil.” 
+
+By the means of this Ills, q Iphis,, a young vir¬ 
+gin of Crete, the daughter of Lygdus and Telethufa, 
+was changed into a man. For when Lygdus went 
+a journey, he commanded his wife, who was then 
+big with child, if Ihe brought a daughter, that flic 
+fliould not educate her, but leave her expofcd in 
+the fields to perifh by want. Telethufa brought 
+forth indeed a daughter, but was very unwilling 
+to lofe a child; therefore fhe drelied it in a boy’s 
+habit, and called it 2 phis > which is a common name 
+to boys and girls*- The father returned from his 
+journey, and believed both his wife and his daugh¬ 
+ter, who perfonated a fon ; and as foon as fhe was 
+marriageble, her father who Hill thought that 
+fhe was a man, married her to the beautiful Ianthe. 
+They went to the temple to celebrate the marriage. 
+The mother was mightily concerned ; and as they 
+were going file begged the favourable affiflance of 
+Ifis, who heard her prayers, and changed the vir¬ 
+gin Iphis into u mo ft beautiful young man. Now 
+let us come to Seraphis and Apis again. 
+
+Though Serapis , of whofe name we give the 
+etymology before, was the God of the Egyptians; 
+yet he was worfhipped at Greece, r and efpccialiy 
+
+at 
+
+^^ | 1 — | | - — . — M ^— _ ■ ■ ■ — 1 1 m 
+
+m Claud. 4 Hon. conf. n Ovid de Ponto Eh I- 
+
+o Poropert. 1, I. &. a. p tiu.i vra's to an) cv, 
+
+XMt t<ro[ztvo» t jetti to tfzov veszxXot sBe/? tuv a.TrtKc&s.wJ'tv. Ego, 
+
+fum quicquid fuit, eft, erit j nec meum quifquam mortalium l’e* 
+rlum retexit. Plut in I. 
+
+q Ovid, Mctam, 1. ^ Paufan in Attic. 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 333 
+
+it Athens, 5 and alfo at Rome. Among different 
+nations he had different names ; for I15 was called 
+fometimes 1 fupiter Ammon , fometimes Pluto Bac - 
+(bu:>, JEfculapiu .r, and fometimes Ofiris. His name 
+was reckoned abominable by the Grecians ; u for 
+all names of feven letters, * \_bcptagram~ 
+jnatf, are by them efteemed infamous* Some fay 
+that Ptolemy the fon of Lagus procured the effigies 
+of him at Pontus, from the king of Sinops, and de¬ 
+dicated a magnificent temple to him at Alexandria. 
+Eufebius calls him v Pi'ince of evil dcmo?is . A flafk 
+was placed * upon his head : and near him a 
+creature with three heads ; a dog’s on the right- 
+fide, a wolf’s on the left-fide, and a lion’s head in 
+the middle. A fnake with his fold encompaffed 
+them, whofehead hung down into the God’s right- 
+hand, with which he bridled the terrible monfter. 
+There was, befides, in almofl all the temples where 
+Serapis and His were worfhipped, an image which 
+prefied its lips with its finger. Varro fays, the 
+meaning of this was, that no one fhould dare to fay 
+that thefe Gods lmd been men formerly ; and the 
+laws inflicted death upon him who faid that Ser¬ 
+apis was once a mortal man. 
+
+Apis, of whom we fpake fomething above, >' was 
+king of the Argivi ; and being transported from 
+ihence into Egypt, became Serapis, or the greatefb 
+of all the Gods of Egypt. After the death of Ser¬ 
+apis, the ox that we mentioned a little before fuc- 
+ceeded in his place 2 Pliny deferibes the form 
+and quality of this ox thus : “ An ox,” fays he, ct in 
+“ Egypt, is worfhipped as a God. They call him 
+“ Apis' . He is thus marked : their is a white {hilling 
+H fpotupon his right-fide, horns like the moon in its 
+
+“ increafe. 
+
+
+s Publ. Victor. 
+
+Porphyrins. 
+
+x Maerob. in Sa.turr.al. 
+
+Z Plin. in Hi ft. Nat. lib. S. 
+
+
+t Taottl c , 1 . 20. Plut de Ofiride* 
+v Prep. Evangelic a. lib. 4* 
+y Angult de Givitate Dei. lib. 18. 
+
+
+c. 40, 
+
+
+
+33 6 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens • 
+
+
+i 
+
+
+Ct 
+
+
+t c 
+
+
+cc 
+
+
+IL 
+
+
+44 increafe, and a node under its tongue, which 
+44 they call cantharis . His hodyf faj/s Herodotus 
+44 was all black : in his forehead he had a white, 
+44 fquare, fhining figure ; the effigies of an eagle on 
+44 his back ; and befides that cantharis in his mouth 
+44 he had hair of two forts in his tail.” But Pliny 
+goes on : 44 If he lives beyond an appointed period 
+44 of time, they drown him in theprieft’s fountain; 
+44 then the priefts fhave their heads, mourn and 
+44 lament, and feek another to fubftitute in his 
+44 room. When they have found one, he is brought 
+44 by the priefts to Memphis. He hath two cha- 
+44 pels, which they call chambers ; which are the 
+44 oracles of the people. In one of which he fore 
+44 tels good, in the other ill. He gives anfwer in 
+44 private, and takes meat from them that ccnfuk 
+44 him. He refufed meat from the hand of Germa- 
+44 nicus Csefar, who died not long after. He afts, 
+44 for the moft part, in fecret ; but when he pi cafes 
+44 to appear publicly, the officers go before and 
+44 clear the way ; and a flock of boys attend him, 
+44 finging verfes to bis honour. He feems to un- 
+44 derftand things, and to expe6t worihip. Once 
+44 a-year a cow is fhewn unto him, who hath her 
+44 marks (though different from his) ; and this cow 
+44 is always both found and killed the fame clay. 
+So far Pliny. To which /Elian adds, 44 That the 
+44 cow that conceived Apis, conceives him not by 
+44 bull, but by lightning.” b Cambyfes king of Af 
+fyria gave no credit to thefe trifles ; and ftruck Apis 
+in the thigh with his fword, to fhew by the wounds 
+bleedrng that he was no God : but his facrilege 
+did not pafs (as they pretend) unpunifhed. 
+
+
+CL 
+
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+iC 
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+AP- 
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+
+
+APPENDIX 
+
+
+OF THE 
+
+
+VIRTUES and VICES 
+
+
+WHICH HAVE BEEN DEIFIED. 
+
+
+
+Of the Goddesses that inahe the Gods. 
+
+
+THOSE Goddefles (whofe images are finally 
+■*- and all painted in one picture) are the 
+Virtues ; by whofe favour not only the Dii Ad- 
+feriptitii, but all the other Gods befides, were 
+advanced to heaven, and honoured with the ut~ 
+moll veneration. You fee fome vices among 
+them (for they too had altars dedicated to them), 
+which like fhades, increafe the lull re of the Vir¬ 
+tues ; whofe brightnefs is doubled by the reflection 
+of the colours. To both of them there are adjoin¬ 
+ing fome Gods, either favouring or oppofing them, 
+I fhall fay fomething briefly of them according to 
+my defign. 
+
+
+
+
+CHAP. I. 
+
+
+Sect. I. The Virtues, and Good Deities. 
+
+
+'HE. ancients not only worshipped the feveral 
+fpecies of Virtues, but alfo Virtue herfelf, as 
+Goddefs. Therefore firft of her, and then of 
+|he others. 
+
+P Sect* 
+
+
+
+
+
+3 3 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens 
+
+
+Sect. II. V irtue and Honour. 
+
+T 7 IRTUE derives her name from vzr, becaufe 
+* virtue is the mofl manly ornament. a She 
+cftccmed a G-oddefs, b and worlhipped in the habit 
+of an elderly matron fitting upon a fquare Hone. 
+° M. Mareellus dedicated a temple to her j and 
+placed another near it, that was dedicated to Ho¬ 
+nour : the temple of Virtue was the paffage to the 
+temple of Honour ; by which was fignified, that by 
+virtue alone true honour is attained. The priefts 
+frierificed to Honour with bare heads, and we ufunb 
+ly uncover our heads when we fee honourable an 
+worthy men ; and fince honour itfelf is valuabl 
+and eilimable, it is no wonder if fuch refpeft 
+fliewn in celebrating its Sacrifices. 
+
+Sect, III. Faith. 
+
+I pIDES had a temple at Rome near the Capitol 
+which d Numa Pompilus (as it is faid) firf 
+confccrated to her. c Her facrifices were performe 
+without daughter, or bloodfhed. The heads an^ 
+hands of the priefts were covered .with a white 
+cloth when they facrificed ; becaufe faith ought t J 
+be dole and fecrct. Virgil calls her f Cana Fide* 
+either from the candour of the mind from whenc 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+i 
+
+
+fidelity proceeds, or becaufe Faith is chiefly obier 
+ved by aged perfons. The fymbol of this God 
+defs was a white dog ; which is a faithful creatur 
+s Another fymbcl of her was two hands joined, o 
+
+
+two young ladies fhaking hands. For h by givm 
+the right-hand, they engaged their faith for thei 
+future friendlhip. 
+
+* 
+
+Sect, 
+
+
+■ 
+
+
+a CiceronisQuceft. Tufc. a. b Anguft. 4. de Civitate Dei, c. 1 
+/: Liv. 1. 2. d Cicero de Officiis. e Dion. Halicarn. 1. 
+
+• v Servius in iEncul. 1. and 8 . g Statius, Thebaid. 
+
+Dcxtra data fidem futurse amicitise fancibant. Liv. 1 . 42. 
+
+
+
+
+339 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens* 
+
+Sect. IV. Hope. 
+
+H OPE had a temple at Rome in the herb-mar¬ 
+ket, which was unfortunately burnt down 
+with lightning. 1 Giraldus fays, that he hath feen 
+her effigy in a golden coin of the emperor 
+Adrain. She was deferihed in the form of a wo¬ 
+man Handing ; her left-hand lightly held tip the 
+Ikirts of her garments ; foe leaned on her elbow, 
+and in her right-hand held a plate, on which was 
+placed a cibcrium (a fort of cup), ffiaped like a 
+flower, with this infeription, S PKS P. R. V he 
+Hope of the people of Rome . We have already re¬ 
+lated in what manner Hope was left and preferved 
+in the bottom of Pandora’s box. 
+
+Sect. V. Justice. 
+
+JUSTICE was deferibed like a virgin, with a 
+
+J piercing ftedfaii eye, a lev ere brow, her afpect 
+awful, noble, and venerable. Amongft the Egypt¬ 
+ians, Alex-nder fays, that ffie lias no head ; and 
+that her left-hand was fire tolled forth and open, 
+file Greeks called her slf'craa, as we fra cl before. 
+
+Sect. VI. Piety. 
+
+pIETY had a chapel dedicated to her at Rome, 
+by Atilius, the duumvir, in the place where 
+that woman lived who fed her mother in prifon, 
+with the milk of her breads. The dory is this : 
+iv u The mother was puniflied with imprifonment; 
+her daughter, who was an ordinary woman, 
+then gave fuck ; ffie came to the prifon frequent¬ 
+ly, and the gaoler always fearchcdhcr to fee that 
+
+“ ihe carried no food to her mother : at lad ffie was 
+
+* 
+
+found giving fuck to her mother with her breads. 
+This extraordinary piety of the daughter gained 
+
+P 2 “ tliC 
+
+
+u 
+
+<( 
+
+u 
+
+
+<< 
+
+
+i Syntagm. 1. z. 
+
+
+k PIjn. Hi ft. Nr.t, 1 , 7. c. 30 
+
+
+
+
+T 
+
+
+340 Of the Gods of the Heathens» 
+
+“ the mother’s freedom ; and they both were after- 
+“ wards maintained at the public charge while 
+they lived, and the place was confecrated to the 
+“ Goddefs Piety.” There is alike example in the 
+1 Grecian hiftory, of a woman, who by her breads 
+nouriftied Symon her aged father, who was impri. 
+foned, and fupported him with her own milk. 
+
+Sect, VII. Mercy. 
+
+HE. Athenians crewed an altar to Miferic or die , 
+Mercy 5 ,a where was firft eftablifhed an afy. 
+lum, a place of common refuge to the miierable 
+and unfortunate : it was not lawful to force any 
+one from thence. When Hercules died, n his 
+kindred feared fome mifehief from thofe whom he 
+had afflicted ; wherefore they erected an afylum, or 
+temple of mercy, at Athens. ! 
+
+Sect. VIII. Clemency. 
+
+N OTHING memorable occurs concerning the 
+
+Goddefs Clemency, unlefs that there tv as 
+temple erected to Cle? 7 ie 7 itia C&faris, the Clemency o j 
+Cafur, as we read in Plutarch 0 . 
+
+Sect. IX. Chastity. 
+
+' PWO temples at Rome were dedicated to Cha- 
+llity ‘y the one to P udicitici Patricia, which 
+flood in the ox-market ; and the other to Pndicia 
+Plebeian built by Virginia the daughter of Aulus: 
+for when fhe, who was horn of a patrician family, 
+T had married a plebeian, the noble ladies were 
+mightily incenfed, and banifhed her from their 1a- 
+crifices ; and would not fuffer her to enter into the 
+temple of Pudicitia, into which Senatorian fami¬ 
+lies were only permitted entrance. A quarrel arofe 
+
+hereupon among the women, and a great breach 
+
+was 
+
+
+I Valerius Maximus, lib. 3. m Paufan. in Attic. 
+
+Serv. in JEu. 8. o In Vita Csefaris. p Eiv. h i c 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 341 
+
+was made between them: hereupon Virginia drove 
+by fome extraordinary action to blot out the dis¬ 
+grace which fhe had received ^ and therefore flic 
+built a chapel in the long ftreet where fhe lived, 
+and adorned it with an altar, to which he invited 
+the plebeian matrons ; and complaining to them 
+that the ladies of quality had nCed her fo barba- 
+roufly, “ I dedicate,” lays lire <c this altar to Pudi- 
+(I citia Plebeia ; and I defire of you that you will 
+“ as much adore Chaftity as the men do Honour - 
+11 that this altar may be followed by purer and more 
+chafte votaries than the altar of Pudicitia Pa- 
+“ tricia, if it be pofiible.” Both thefe altars were 
+reverenced almoft with the fame rites, and no ma¬ 
+tron but of approved chaftity, and who had been 
+but once married, had leave to facrifi.ee here. It 
+is befides faid in hiftory, that the women, who were 
+contented with one marriage, were ufually reward¬ 
+ed with q a crown of chaftity. 
+
+• Sect. X. Truth. 
+
+TRUTH, the mother of virtue, r is painted in 
+^ garments as white as fnow ; her looks. are le- 
+rene, pleafant, courteous, cheerful, and yet mo- 
+deft ; Ihe is the pledge of all honefty, the bulwark 
+jof honour, and the light and joy of human focicty. 
+She is commonly accounted the daughter of Time 
+and Saturn ; becaufe Truth is difeovered in the 
+courfe of time : but Democritus feigns that flic 
+lies hid in the bottom of a well. 
+
+Sect. XI. Mens. 
+
+P*OOD Senfe, or Under Handing, (Mens'), was 
+made a Groddefs by the Romans, t that they 
+
+
+P3 
+
+
+might 
+
+
+q Corona Pudicitise. Val. Max. 1 , 2. do Inflitut. 
+
+
+r Philoft, in Heroic. & Amp. 
+t Aug. 1 . 2. c. 21. 
+
+
+s Plot, in Quxfi 
+
+
+34 2 Of Gods of the Heathens, 
+
+might obtain a found mind. u An^altar was built 
+to her in the Capitol, by M. TEmilius. v Ttiepne- 
+tor Atillus vow ed to build a chapel to her ; which 
+he performed, when he was upon that account 
+created duumvir. 
+
+J l 
+
+Sect. XII. Concord. 
+
+XT 7 *El (ball find by x the concurrent teftimony ci' 
+* * author’s that the Goddefs Concordia had 
+many altars at feveral times dedicated to Her ; ef- 
+pecially, hie was worfliipped by the ancient Ho¬ 
+mans. Her image held a bowl in her right-hand 
+and a horn of plenty, or a feeptre, from which fruit 
+deemed to fprout forth, in her left, y The fymbol 
+of her was two right-hands joined together,^and a 
+pomegranate. 
+
+Sect. XIII. Peace. 
+
+P AX was honoured heretofore at \thens -with 
+an altar, z as Plutarch tells us. At Rome 
+fhe had a mod: magnificent temple in the Forum, 
+begun by Claudius, and finiihed by Vcfpafian, 3 
+which was afterward con fumed in a fire, under the 
+emperor Gommodus. She was delcribed in the 
+form of a matron holding forth ears of corn in her 
+hands, and crowned with olives and laurel, or fomc- 
+times rofes. Her particular fymbol was a'caduceus, 
+a white Raff, borne by ambaffadors when they go 
+to treat of peace. 
+
+
+* 
+
+
+/v 
+
+6F 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ne* 
+v v, 
+
+
+Sect. XIV. Health. 
+
+T HE. Goddefs Salus was fo much honoured by; 
+
+the Romans, that anciently feveral holidays, 
+were appointed in. which they worflnpped her. 
+
+There 
+
+
+r. Cicero cle Nr.t. Dcormn. ■?.* 
+x Liv. lib. 9. Pint, in G. Grucch. 
+y 3 L.il - Gy raid. Syntagni, i. 
+
+Pint, in ITerOdot. 1> 
+
+
+Suet, in Tib. 
+
+
+v Liv. 11. £- 7;- 
+z Pint, in Ci nv.r.- 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+
+343 
+
+
+* 
+
+W J 
+
+
+J There was a gate at Rome called Porta Salutaris 
+becaufe it was near to the temple of Stilus. Her 
+image was the figure of a woman fitting on a 
+throne, and holding a bowl in her right-hand. 
+
+' o o 
+
+Near her altar flood a fnake twining round it, and 
+lifting up his head toward it. The Auguvium Sa « 
+Jut is was heretofore celebrated in the fame plac 
+which was intermitted for fome time, and renewed 
+again by Auguflus. c It was a kind of divination 
+by which they begged leave of the Gods that the 
+people might pray for peace ; as though it was un¬ 
+lawful to pray for it before they had leave. A day 
+in every year was fet apart for that purpofe, upon 
+which none of the Roman armies might either 
+march or engage,- 
+
+Sect. XV. Fidelity. 
+
+YJTDE.LITY d fays St. Auftin, had her temple 
+L and her altar, and facrifices were performed 
+to her. They reprefented her like a venerable 
+matron fitting upon a throne, holding 0 a white rod 
+in her right-hand, and a great horn of plenty in 
+her left. 
+
+* 
+
+Sect. XVI. Liberty. 
+
+
+A S the Romans were above all things careful of 
+their liberty, efpecially after the expulfion. of 
+the kings, when they let themfelves at liberty, f fo 
+they built a temple to liberty, among the num¬ 
+ber of their other Goddeffes. And Cicero tells us, 
+that Glodius confecrated his houfe to her. 
+
+
+Sect. XVII. Money. 
+
+
+I 
+
+
+HE Romans invoked Pecunia 
+that they might be rich : 
+
+P4 
+
+
+as a 
+and 
+
+
+G oddefb, 
+
+wor (hip¬ 
+ped 
+
+
+b Macrob. Saturn, i.k. r. 
+c Dion. 1 . 27. Aug. Pelican. Mafcel. 
+d Aug. dc Civ. Dei, 1 . 4. c. 1 3 . 
+f Lii. Gjrakf. Synt. 
+
+
+c. 12. 
+
+e Caduceusc" 
+
+
+344 Of the Go.Is of the Heathens . 
+
+ped the God JEfculanus, and his fon Hrgentinus , that 
+they- might have plenty of brafs and filver. They 
+efteemed iEfculanus the father of Argentinus, be- 
+caufe brafs-money was ufed before filver. “ And 
+<c I -wonder,” s fays St. Auguftine, “ that Aurinus 
+<c was not made a God after Argentinus, becaufe 
+cc filver money was followed by gold.” To this 
+Goddefs, Money, O how many apply their devo¬ 
+tions to this day ! what vows do they make, and 
+at wh'at altars do they importune, that they may 
+fill their coffers \ If you have tliofe gods,” h fays 
+Menander, “ If you have filver and gold at home, 
+iC afk whatever you pleafe, you have it : the 
+very gods thetnfelves will be at your fervice,” 
+
+Sect. XVIII. Mirth. 
+
+T YCURGUS ere&ed an image among the 1 Lace- 
+
+dsemonians to the God Eifus . The Theffa- 
+lonians, of the city Hypata, every year facrificed 
+to him with great "jollity. 
+
+Sect. XIX. fhe Goon Genius. 
+
+
+r ~F ,1 PIE God^ k Bojius Genius, had a temple in the 
+
+way that leads to the mountain Mcenalus, as 
+fays Paufanias. And at the end of the fupper they 
+offered a cup to him filled with wine and water ; 
+which was called, 1 the grace cup. Some fay that 
+the cup had more water than wine } others fay the 
+contrary. 
+
+
+CHAP. 
+
+
+g IVliror autem quod Argentinus non genuit Aurinum, quia &• 
+aurea pecunia iubfecutn eft. Aug. de Civit. Dei, 1. 4 . c. 21 . 
+
+h HosDeos, AurumSc. Argentum li domi habeas, quioquid voh s 
+roga, tibi omnia aderunt, ipios habebis vel rainiitrantes Deo*. 
+Menander ap. Stob. or. de laude auri. i Pint, in Lycurg* • 
+
+k A ytx.$os ' 1 *Ayoi0$ Acupr.o;. Poculum J3oni Gettii. 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathen*. 
+
+
+34S 
+
+
+CHAP. II. 
+
+Sect, I. The Vices and Evil Deities 
+
+T CALL thofe evil Deities which oppofe our hap- 
+**• pinefs and many times do us mifehief. Aik! 
+fird, of the vices to which temples have been cou- 
+fecrated. 
+
+
+Sect. II. Envy. 
+
+
+THAT Envy is a Goddcfs, appears by the con- 
+1 feflion of Pallas, who owned that llie was ai- 
+lifted by her to infect a young lady called Hglau- 
+ros with her poifon, Ovid deferibes the m lioufe 
+where fhe dwells in a very elegant verfe, and after- 
+ward gives a moil beautiful defer ip tion of a 
+her fell P 5 
+
+
+Envy 
+
+
+Sect. 
+
+
+m “ Protinus Invr.dite nigra fqunlcntia tabo 
+“ 'Tecta petit: domus in imis vallibus antri 
+“ A.bdita. foie carens, nc:c ulli pervia vento; 
+
+“ Triftis, &: ignavi plcnilfima frigorN, &. qua; 
+
+“ Igne vacet temper, caligine feniper abundet.” O v. Met, U a. 
+Then ftraight to Envy's cell file bends her way. 
+
+Which all with putrid gore infedted lay ; 
+
+Deep in a gloomy cave's obfeure receis, 
+
+No beams could e’er that horrid man lion blefs * 
+
+No breeze e’er iaim’d it; but about it roll’d 
+Eternal woes, and ever lazy cold : 
+
+No fpark fiione there, but everlaiiing gloom 
+Impenetrably dark obfcur’J the room, 
+n “ Pallor in ore fedet, inacies in corpore toto, 
+
+“ Nulquani re«5la acies, livent rubigine dentes, 
+
+“ Pedtora 1'elle virent, lingua elt fuffufa vereno, 
+
+“ Rifus abeft, nili quern vili movere dolores. 
+
+“ Nec fruitur fomno vigilantibus exeita curis, 
+
+“ Sed videt in.gralas, intabefcitque videndo 
+“ SucccfTus hominum ; carpitque & carpitur una, 
+
+“ Suppliciumque fuum eft’*- 
+
+A deadly paleneis in her cheeks was feen, 
+
+Her tncagre fkeleton fcarce eas’d with Ik in ; 
+
+
+Hev 
+
+
+
+
+2 4 6 Of the Gods of the H athenso. 
+
+Sect. III. Contumely and Impudence, 
+
+r T n HE. Vices Contumely and Impudence were 
+'*• both.adorned as deities by the ° Athenians * 
+and particularly, it is faid, they were reprefent- 
+ed by a partridge ; which is cfteemed a very im¬ 
+pudent bird. 
+
+
+Sect. IV. C A.LUMNY. 
+
+
+r THE fame people erected an altar to Calumny, 
+p Apelles painted her thus : q There fits a man 
+with great and open, ears, inviting Calumny, with 
+his hand held out, to come to him : and two wo¬ 
+men, Ignorance and Sufpicion, ft and near hini- 
+Calumny breaks out in a fury; her countenance is 
+comely and beautiful ; her eyes fparkle like fire, 
+and her face is inflamed with anger ; Hie holds a 
+lighted torch in her left-hand, and with her right 
+twills a young man’s neck, who holds up his hands 
+in prayer to the gods. Before her goes Envy, pale 
+and nafty : on her fide are Fraud and Confpiracy • 
+behind her follows Repentance, clad in mourning, 
+with her clothes tern ; who turns her head back¬ 
+ward, as if file looked for truth, who comes flow- 
+Ay after. 
+
+Sect, 
+
+
+Her looks awry ; and evcrluftlng fcoul 
+
+Sits on her brows ; her teeth deform’d and fold. 
+
+Her breaft hud gall, more than her bread could hold ; 
+
+Beneath her longue black clots of poilbn roll'd : 
+
+No fmiies e’er imouth’d her furrow’d brows, but thole 
+Which rife from common mifehiefs, plagues, and woes* 
+
+Her eyes, mere lirangers to the fweets of lice]), 
+
+Devoauug fpit for ever waking keep. 
+
+Sire fees blefs’d men with.-vaft iaccedes crown’d, 
+
+Their joys diftract her, and their glories wound : 
+
+She kills abroad, herfelf’s con fum'd at home, 
+
+And her own crimes are her perpetual martyrdom, 
+o Paufunks In Attic. Cic. de leg. a. Thcophtaftas de J r -£ 
+p Idem aj.ud iDlogen. 
+
+q Lucian, lib, de non temere credendk calumnus. 
+
+
+
+347 
+
+
+0J*the <trods of the Heathens* 
+
+
+Sect. V. Fraud. 
+
+FRAUD r was defcribcd with a human face and 
+with a ferpent’s body : in the end of her tail 
+was a fcorpioirs fling: fhe fvvims through the river 
+Cocytus, and nothing appears above water but her 
+head. 
+
+Sect. VI. Discord. 
+
+■pETRONIUS Arbiter, where he treats of the ci * 
+vil war betwixt Pompey and Cscfar, has given- 
+a s beautiful defcription of the Gocldefs Dilcordia* 
+
+
+Sect. VII. Fury 
+
+
+FURY is defcribed fometimes chained 
+^ times raging and revelling, with her 
+broke : but t Virgil choofes to deferibe her 
+
+O 
+
+P 6 
+
+
+fome- 
+
+chains 
+
+bound 
+
+in 
+
+
+r-Bocat. in G;n. Dcor. 
+
+s “ Intrcmucic tubre, ac feifio Difconlia crine 
+“ Extulit ad fuperos Stygimn capit. Ruins in cr^ 
+“ Concretus fanguis contufaque luiriina lie bant j 
+“ Stabant. rerata feabra rubiginc dentes; 
+
+“ Tabo lingua fluens, obfefl'a clraconibus era : 
+
+**' Atque inter lota laceratum pedlore vetlero, 
+
+“ Sanguineam tremukt quatiebat lam pad a dextra. 1 
+The trumpets found, and with a difmal yell 
+Wild difeord rifes from the vale of hell : 
+
+From her Cwcll’d eyes there ran a briny flood. 
+
+And clotted <jore uocn her viiatre flood : 
+
+Around her hea l .brpentine elf-locks hung, 
+
+And ftreams of blood (low’d from her fable tongue : 
+Her tatter’d clothes her yellow lkin betray, 
+
+(An emblem of the bread on which tney lay). 
+
+And brandifhM dames her trembling hand obey, 
+t c ‘'-Furor impius intus 
+
+“ Sasva fedens fuper nrma, & centum vhuftus ahenis 
+“ Pott tergum nodis, fremit} horridus ore crucntod’ 
+
+- - —Within (its impious War. 
+
+On cur fed arms, bound, with a thou fan d chains, 
+
+Ar.d -horrid, with a bloody mouth, complains. 
+
+
+A- 
+
+• 
+
+V 
+
+
+
+yr-n. T, 
+
+
+
+$48 Of the Gods of the Heathens* 
+
+in chains; although u Petronius defcribes her at li* 
+berty, unbound. 
+
+Sect. VIII. Fame. 
+
+7 T>AUSANIAS and x Plutarch fay that there 
+**■ were temples dedicated to Fame, y She is 
+finely and delicately deferibed by Virgil? in the 
+fourth book of his iEneids. 
+
+
+u *• —- — Furor, abruptis, ceu liber, habenis 
+
+“ Sanguineum late tollit Caput : oraque mille 
+“ Vulneribus confofla cruenta cuffide velat. 
+
+“ Hreret detritus Ifevce Mavortius umbo 
+
+Innumerabilibus telis gravis, atque flagranti 
+“ Stipite dextra minax terris incendia portat.' 
+
+Diibrder’d Rage, from brazen fetters freed, 
+
+Afcends to earth with an impetuous 1‘peed : 
+
+Her wounded face a bloody helmet hides. 
+
+And her left arm a batter’d target guides : 
+
+Red brands of fire, iupported in her right, 
+
+The impious world with flames and ruin fright, 
+v Paufanias in Atticis. x Plut. in Ca.niiioi 
+
+y “ Fama, malum quo non aliud velocius ullum, 
+
+“ Mobilitate viget, virefque acquirit eundo, 
+
+4 ‘ Parva metu primo ; mox fefe attollit in auras, 
+
+-t Iogrediturque folo, &c caput inter nubila condit. 
+
+** Illam Terra parens, ira irritata Deorum 
+“ Extremam, ut perhibent, Caeo Enceladoqucfororem 
+Progenuit, pedibus celerem Sc pernicibus alis: 
+
+“ Monftrum horrendum, ingens, cui quot funt corpore plumte. 
+“ Tot vigiles oculi fubter, mirabile di&u 
+“ Tot linguce, totidem ora fonant, tot fubrigit aurer. 
+
+4t Nodle volat cceli medio, terreeque per umbram, 
+
+“ Stridens nec dulci declinat lutnina fomno. 
+
+“ Luce fedet cullos aut fummi calmine tcdli, 
+
+“ Turribus aut altis, & magnas territat urbes, 
+
+“ Tam fi<5ti parvique tenax, quam uunciaveri.” 
+
+Fame, the great ill, from fmall beginnings grow?. 
+
+Swift from the Firft, and ev’ry moment brings 
+New vigour to her flight, new pinions to her wings’ 
+
+Soon grows the pigmy to gigantic lize; 
+
+Her feet on earth, her forehead in the Ikies. 
+
+Enrag’d againft the Gods^ revengeml Earth, 
+
+Produc’d her laft of the Titanian birth.- 
+
+5v.ii 
+
+
+i 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+
+349 
+
+
+Sect. IX. Fortune. 
+
+
+iL TTIHY was Fortune made a Goddefs, ” fays 
+* * 2 St Auguftine, “ fince file comes to the 
+
+u good and the bad without any judgment?” She is 
+fo blind, that without diflindfcion flie runs to any 
+body ; and many times fhe paffes by thofe that ad¬ 
+mire her, and flicks to thofe thatdefpife her : fo that 
+a Juvenal had reafon to fpeak in the manner he 
+does to her. Yet the temples that have been con- 
+fecrated to her, and the names which fhe has had, 
+are innumerable5 the chief of them I will point 
+out to you. 
+
+She was fly led Hureci, or Regia Fort ana : and b 
+an image of her fo flyled was ufually kept in the 
+emperor’s chamber ; and when one died, it was re¬ 
+moved to the palace of his fucceffor. 
+
+She was worfhipped in the Capitol under the 
+
+
+
+Swift is her walk, more fwift her winged liafte ; 
+
+/ifmonftrous phantom, horrible and vaft : 
+
+As many plums as raife her lofty flight, 
+
+So_many piercing eyes enlarge her light: 
+
+Millions of op’ning mouths to Fame belong, „ 
+
+And ev’ry mouth is furnifli’d with a tongue, 
+
+And round with lift’ning cars the flying plague is hungv 
+She fills the peaceful univerfe with cries ; 
+
+No flumbers ever clofe her wakeful eyes : 
+
+By day from lofty tow’rs her head flie fliews. 
+
+And fpreads through trembling courts- difaltrous news. 
+
+With court-informers haunts, and royal fpies. 
+
+Things done relates, not done flie feigns, and mingles truth 
+with lies. 
+
+Talk.is her bufmefs, and her chief delight, 
+
+To'tell of prodigies, and caufe affright, 
+z Aug. de Civit. 1 . 1. c. 18. 
+
+a “ Nullum numen abeft fi fit prudentia; fed tc 
+“ Nos facimus, Fprtuna, Deam, cceloque loGanm?.” Sat. a*. 
+Fortune is never worfliipp’d by the wife. 
+
+But flie, by fools fet up, ufurps the Ikies. 
+
+V> Spart, in Scvcro Cyr. Syntagm. 
+
+
+3^o Of the Gods of the Heathens* 
+
+c title of Lonciy and in the Efouik'a unlcr tin 
+title of A*ala. 
+
+Servius Tullius had i\ his court a ch i pci dedi¬ 
+cated to d Lor tuna Barb at a : Ike was called Brivis 
+or Farvoy in the fame place. 
+
+She is alio called L\cca , blind . Neither is flic 
+only, fays e Cicero, blind lierfelf, but Ihe many 
+times makes tliofe blind that enjoy her. 
+
+In fome inscriptions Ihe is • called f Confervatrix . 
+The pr&etcr Q^Fulvius Flaccus, in Spain, when 
+the lad battle was fought with the Celtiberi, vow- 
+
+O 7 
+
+ed a chapel to s Foitun.i Fque/lris •; becaufe he in 
+the battle commanded the bridles- to be taken olV 
+
+
+the horfes, that they might run upon tlie enemy 
+with the greater force and violence; whercb}* he 
+got tlie victory. 
+
+Fors Fortune#, or h Forth For tan a, was another of 
+her names ; and ihe was woriliipped by thofe who 
+lived without any art or care at all. 
+
+She had a chapel near the temple of Vemu, 
+where die was called » Alafcula, and k Virilis MaJ- 
+culiiui . 
+
+She was called 1 Mulicbris , becaufe - the mother 
+and the wife of Coriolanus faved the city of Rome. 
+And when her image was con fee rated in their pre- 
+fence,. 111 it fpoke thefe words twice, “ Ladies , you 
+“ have dedicated me as you fhGuld doV n Yet it was 
+not lawful for all matrons to touch tlrs image, hut 
+for thofe only who had not been married twice. 
+
+Mammofoy either from her fhape, or becaufe 
+fhe fupplies us with plenty. 
+
+Servius Tullius dedicated a temple to For turn 
+
+Obfequals y becaufe fhe obeys the willies of men. 
+
+The 
+
+
+c Plin. Se Cic. d Piut. in Queft. e Ue Amicitia. 
+
+f Ap. Gyr. Synt. 15. g Vide Livium, i. 41, 4 : * 
+
+11 Confide eandem Livium, 1 . 27- i Plutarch de Port. Reman, 
+k Ovid. Fafcor. 1 . 4. 1 Dion. 1 . 8. 
+
+m Rite me, Matrons;, dedica&is. Avguftin. 1 - 4. c. 19. Val. Max* 
+1 . 2. c b» n Serv> in 4-dnaeul S. 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens .. 35* 
+
+The fame prince wor/hipped her, and built her cha¬ 
+pels, where /he was called by thefe following titles: 
+
+Primigenia , o becaufe both the city and tjie eiru 
+pire received their origin from her. 
+
+Privater, or p Prc.pria : fhe had a chapel in the 
+court, which that prince ufed fo familiarly, that 
+Die was thought to go down through a little win¬ 
+dow into his houfe. 
+
+Her temple at Prasnefte, q from whence Ihe was 
+called Prccncjlina , was more famous and notable 
+than all the reft, becaufe very true oracles were ut¬ 
+tered there. 
+
+Domitian confecrated a chapel to r For tuna Re- 
+dux:. 
+
+In ancient inferiptions fhe is named s Stata. 
+
+To 1 Virgo For tuna the little coats of the young 
+cirls were d refen ted. 
+
+O | a 
+
+Laftly, fhe was called « Vifcata or Vifcofi, be- 
+caufe we are caught by her as birds are caught by 
+bird-lime; in which ienfe Seneca fays, v KindncJJ'es 
+arc bird-lime . 
+
+Sect. X. Fever. 
+
+TjTfBRIS (Fever) had her altars and temples in 
+the palace, x She was worfhipped, that flic 
+Ihould not hurt ; and for the fame reafon they wor- 
+fhipped all the other Gods and Gocldeifes of this 
+kind. 
+
+Fear and Palcncfs were fuppofed to he Gods, 
+y and worlhipped by Tullus Koitilius, z when in the 
+
+battle 
+
+
+o Plutarch. p 4 bid, q Liv, I.'52. Sucton. in Domit. c. 15. 
+
+~ Mart, 1 .-8 s Apud Gyraid. t A'nobius 2. adverfus Gtntcs 
+n Plutarch, dc Qucert. 
+
+v Bencficia lunt vilcofa. Scnccr. dc Bcneficii--. 
+
+
+Cic. 3. de Nat. dc 
+2 Liv. 1 , 1. 
+
+
+
+
+y AcguIUn, 1# 4 c. r?* 
+
+
+* - * 
+
+
+3 5 2 Q/* the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+battle between the Romans and the Vejentes it was 
+told him that the Albans had revolted, and the 
+Romans grew afraid and pale ; for in this doubtful 
+conjuncture he vowed a temple to Pallor and Pavor. 
+
+The people of Gadara a made Poverty and Art 
+Goddeffes ; becaufe the fiifl whets the wit for the 
+difeovery of the other* 
+
+JAeceJJity and Violence had their chapel upon the 
+Acro-Corinthus, but it was a crime to enter into it. 
+
+M. Marcellinus dedicated a chapel to Tempeflus, 
+without the gate of Capena, after he had efcaped a 
+fevere tempeft in a voyage into the ifland of Sicily. 
+
+
+SiiCT. XI. Silence. 
+
+
+B OTH the Romans and Egyptains worfhipped 
+the Gods and GoddetTes of Silence. The La- 
+tins particularly worfhipped b Angeronia and Tacit a 
+whole image (they fay) flood upon the altar of the 
+Goddefs Volupia, with its mouth tied up and lcril¬ 
+ed: c becaufe they who endure their cares with li- 
+lence and patience, do by that means procure to 
+themfelves the greatell pleafure. 
+
+The Egyptains worfhipped Harpocratis as the 
+God of filence, d after the death of Ofiris. He was 
+the Ion of Ills. They offered the firfl-fruits of the 
+lentils and pulfe to him. They confecrated the tree 
+Perfe to him, becaufe the leaves of it were fhaped 
+like a tongue, and the fruit like a heart. He was 
+painted naked, and the figure of the boy crown¬ 
+ed with an Egyptain mitre, which ended at the 
+points as it were in two buds ; he held in his left- 
+hand a horn of plenty, whilfl a figure in his right- 
+hand was upon his lip, thereby commanding filence. 
+And therefore I fay no more \ neither can I bet¬ 
+ter 
+
+
+a. Arrian apud Gyr. Syntagem. I. 4. 
+
+b Macrobius Sat. Plut. inNumo. Plin. I. 3. c Quod qui fucs 
+angores (unde Angeronia di<£la ell) aequo animo ferunt, per- 
+
+*eniunt ad maximum Yoluptatem. d Epiph, 3. contra Kercfes. 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens, 353 
+
+ter be lilent than when a God commands me to be 
+fo ; how vain have I been, and troublefome to you 
+Palseophilus ! I acknowledge my fault, and /hall 
+fay no more for lhame. 
+
+P. But I muft not be filent; for, cleared Sir, 
+your extraordinary civility to me, as well as your 
+great merit, commands me at all times to fpeak and 
+write of yon with honour, and to exprefs my grati¬ 
+tude as much as I can that way, ifl am not fo able 
+to do it another. 
+
+
+
+* 
+
+
+A N 
+
+
+I 
+
+
+N 
+
+
+D 
+
+
+E 
+
+
+X 
+
+
+Preferring to nil the principal Matters con 
+
+tained in this Book. 
+
+
+2-i 5 
+
+
+A 
+
+ABEON^ 4 , or Alcona, was a guardian Goddefs to 
+grown pcrfons Page 287 
+
+ylbfyrtus torn to pieces by his filter Medea 302 
+
+ykhelous turns Himfelf into a ferpent, then into a 
+bull 5 in which ihapehe is conquered by Hercules 299 
+Acheron , one of the infernal rivers 2 -i 5 
+
+udchi//cs y his birth, 325. And education, ibid* In¬ 
+vulnerable, fave only in the foot 326. Hid by 
+his mother to prevent his going to Troy, and dii- 
+covered by UlyfTes, ibid\ Kills Hedtor, and is 
+himfelf killed by Paris 327 
+
+^cdia/it 7, one of the titles of Venus 1J 2 
+
+sdconitum, wolf-bane, grew fil'd out of the vomit of 
+
+Cerberus 297 
+
+j 4 £ttcQT 7 , tuined into a deer by Diana, and torn in 
+pieces by his own dogs 
+
+jidoniS) Venus’s gallant, killed by a boar, and by Ve¬ 
+nus turned into the (lower anemone 126 
+
+jddrqflcea, the fame with Ncmejis , one of tlie God- 
+defles of Juilice 19 r 
+
+yldfcriptitii Dii\ Gods of the lower rank and dignity 7 
+
+JHacuSj one of the infernal iudges * 259 
+
+2 Ec<db.:r 
+
+
+and torn in 
+
+
+208 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+INDEX. 
+
+
+555 
+
+
+308 
+
+3°9 
+
+262 
+
+
+3°3 
+
+*3 
+
+15 
+
+268 
+163 
+
+
+lEcaflor, an oath only ufed by women, as blercle 
+was ufed. only by men 
+
+JEdcpol, an oath ufed both by men and women 
+JEqeon, one of the giants. 
+
+JEgeus drowns himfelf in the fca, which from him 
+was afterwards called the AEgean Sea 
+lE^is, Jupiter’s (lucid, deferibed 
+JEifina debauched by Jupiter in the ill ape of fire 
+Aello , one of the Harpies 
+lEoltis, the Gods of the winds. 
+
+lE.fculapius , his birth, education, and wonderful (kill 
+in phyfic \ reftoresthe dead to life, 314. Jupiter, 
+on Pluto’s complaint, kills him with thunder. 315 
+.He is worfhipped as a God, ; ibid\ His children 316. 
+JEfcuIanus , one of the Gods of wealth 344 
+
+sEfon , the father of Jafon, when very old and decre- 
+pid, reftored to youth by Medea 303 
+
+JEta, the father of Medea, and king of Colchis ibid 7 
+
+-Eehra , the wife of Atlas 321 
+
+lEtrueus, one of the titles of Vulcan 157 
+
+dgamemnon chofen general againfh Troy*, at his re- 
+
+3 ° 9 ' ; 
+
+
+of 
+
+
+turn murdered by his wife Clytemneftra 
+Aganippec and Aganippides, the common names 
+the Mufes, ipo. Nymphs of Phoebus 
+Agenoria , a guardian Goddels to adult perfons 
+Agelq/Ius and AgeJUaus names of Pluto 
+Aglaia one of the Graces 
+Agrceus, one of the names of Ariftoeus 
+Ajax kills himfelf; his blood is turned into violets 
+A/us Locutine ) a tutelar God to adult perfons 
+Albion , a giant killed by Hercules 
+A lades, one of the names of Hercules 
+A/cithoe turned into a bat 
+
+A/c menu deceived by Jupiter, who transformed him- 
+lelt into the fhape of her hufband Amphytrion 15 
+A/ecfo, one of the Furies 256 1 
+
+Aleciryon turned into a cock 82 
+
+A I mils and Alumnus, titles of Jupiter, 23. • Alina 
+and A/tr/x , titles of Ceres . . 18z~ 
+
+A locus, one of the giants that warred againll heaven 262 
+A/pheus attempts Diana, but is difappointed 208 
+
+Amalthen's horn deitribed. 13, 299 
+
+Ama%ofts i 
+
+
+222 ' 
+286 • 
+249 
+125 
+20 \ 
+328 
+28S 
+298 
+
+^93 
+
+70 
+
+
+
+INDEX. 
+
+
+35 6 
+
+Amazons, military women, defcribed, 305. Subdued 
+by Hercules, 296. And by Thefeus 305 
+
+Ambarvalia, facrifices offered to Ceres 183 
+
+Ambrojiay one of the daughters of Atlas 321 
+
+Amici7, no. Aphrodite , 109, Aphroditis> 112, Ana- 
+dyo?nene % ibid. A pa Lurid, A mat a, AJlarte> Names 
+and titles of Venus 1 ic 
+
+Ammon or Hammon, one of Jupiter’s names 18 
+
+Amphioti builds the walls of Thebes by the mufic of 
+his harp, 324. This fable explained 32$ 
+
+Amphytrite^ Neptune’s wife 230 
+
+Andromeda delivered by Perfeus from a fea raonfter 311 
+Ancilia f holy fhields kept in the temple of Mars 86 
+Angerona , a tutelar Goddefs to adult perfons 288 
+
+Angeronia , one of the Goddeffes of lilence 352 
+
+An teens , a giant overcome by Hercules 298 
+
+AntcroS) one of the names of Cupid 123 
+
+Anteverta , Pq/ivertex Prorjd , Projci , or Porrima, a 
+tutelar Goddefs to women in labour 284 
+
+Antbia and Argiva , titles of Juno 90 
+
+Antiope debauched byjupiter in the fhape of a Satyr 15 
+Anubis , an Egyptain God with a dog’s head 332 
+
+Aonides , the Mufes fo called , 189 
+
+Apaturia , a title of Venus, no. Feftivals folemnly 
+kept in honour of Bacchus, called alfo Ambrofia 
+and AJco/ia 67, 68 
+
+Apis, a god worfhipped by the Egyptains under the 
+fhape of an ox, 331. A defeription of him 335 
+
+Apol/o , his image defcribed, 29. His parentage, 30 
+Place of birth, and admirable endowments, 31. 
+His memorable actions, ibid. What was meant by 
+the fable of Apollo 41 
+
+Arachne turned into a fpider by Minerva 102 
+
+Ares 9 Mars fo called by the Greeks 79 
+
+Areopagus , Mara’s hill, fo called, becaufe Mars was 
+there tried for inceft and murder, 79. Capital 
+crimes always tried there ibid . 
+
+Areopagitce, judges of the greatell: integrity ibuL 
+
+Arethufa , one of Diana’s Nymphs courted by Al- 
+pheus, 223. Difcoversto Ceres that Pluto carried 
+away Proferpine, 253. Is turned into a fountain, 
+
+whofe 
+
+
+
+INDEX. 
+
+
+357 
+
+
+ibid. 
+
+205 
+
+11 o 
+
+3J2 
+
+*S 3 
+
+68 
+
+
+who fc water mixes with the ftream of the river 
+Alpheus in Sicily 2 23 
+
+Argiva, one of the names of Juno 90 
+
+ArgonautSy Jafon’s companions, that went with him 
+to fetch the golden ileece 301 
+
+Argentinus , one of the Gods of wealth 44 
+
+Argus , fent by Juno to keep Io, 89. Is killed by 
+Mercury 5 turned into a peacock by Juno 
+Ariadne , married to Thefeus, and afterwards to Bac¬ 
+chus, by whom fhe was made a conftellation 304 
+Arion, an admirable mulician, robbed and thrown 
+into the fea, 325. Carried fafe to land on the 
+back of a dolphin 
+Ar if}ecus , one of the rural Gods 
+Armatdy a title of Venus 
+Art worfhipped as a Goddefs 
+Afcalaphus turned into an owl 
+Afcolio , games in honour of Bacchus 
+Afieria carried away by Jupiter in the fliapc of an 
+eagle 16 
+
+AJIeropey one of the daughters of Atlas 321 
+
+AJlrcca , the princefs of Juftice 193, 339 
+
+Atalanta and HippomeneSy two unfortunate lovers. 
+
+their hiftory, 119. Are both turned into lions 130 
+Athena , one of the names of Minerva 99 
+
+Athamas murders his own fon Eearchus 236 
+
+Atlas fuftains the heavens on his fhoulders, 320. Is 
+relieved by Hercules, who holds them for him, 299 
+His parentage, ibid . His children, 321. Is turned 
+into a mountain by Perfeus, ibid % The meaning 
+of this fable 
+
+Atreus kills and feeds upon his own child 266 
+
+AtropoSy one of the Fates 255 
+
+Atysy Alttes, or ^dttinesy a favourite of Cybele, e- 
+mafculates himfelf J75 
+
+Atys y the fon of Croefus, born dumb, and reflored 
+to his fpeech by a fright ibid. 
+
+AvemuSy a lake on the borders of hell 244 
+
+AverruneuSy a tutelar God to adult perfons 288 
+
+AugeaSy his liable contains three thoufand oxen, and 
+yet cleanfed in one day by Hercules 296 
+
+Avl/iupu'y one of the titles of Priapys 204 
+
+3 Ai urea, 
+
+
+ibid. 
+
+
+
+INDEX. 
+
+
+358 INDEX. 
+
+jfurca, a title of Fortune 
+
+Slurorci y her difcription, 133. Her defcent, ibid. 
+
+Carries Cephalus andTithonus into heaven 
+jiutolycus , a molt notorious thief 
+
+B 
+
+
+349 
+
+*34 
+
+21 a 
+
+
+0 
+
+
+
+
+46 
+
+6 s 
+
+
+7 > 
+
+
+69 
+
+
+^ 1.. 
+
+-^:i 
+
+
+— 0 S 
+
+
+Becl,BeeIphegor, Beelzebub, Bcfzemcn, Be - j 
+
+/«j*, names of Jupiter jpi 
+
+Babylon , the walls of it, one of the feven wonders of j 
+the world 46; 
+
+Bacchus deferibed, 57. His birth, 58. His names, 6si 
+His exploits, 64. The feveral facrifices offered 
+to him, 66. The hiltorical meaning of the fable 
+of Bacchus, 70. The moral fenfe of it 7}? 
+
+Bacchanalia , feftival-s in honour of Bacchus 69 
+
+Bacchce , prielteffes of Bacchus, 66. Nymphs of Bac¬ 
+chus 22V 
+
+Barbata, one of the titles of Venus, no. And one * 
+of the titles of Fortuna 3 j0 1 
+
+Baffarides , Nymphs of Bacchus c.23 1 
+
+Battus, turned by Mercury into a Hone, called Indix j6p 
+Belides , fifty daughters of Danaus, who all exeept 
+one killed their hufbands on the wedding night, 26j : 
+T The punifnment they fuffer for it in hell ibid, 
+
+Bellcrophon , his parentage and chaftity, 312, Expofed 
+for it to many dangers, which he efcapes from, 313 
+Catches Pegalusj on his back dellroys the Chinue- 
+ra, for which king Jobates gives him his daughter 
+in marriage, ibid. This fucccfs makes him info^ 
+lent, for which Jupiter ilrikes him with madnefs, 
+in which miferable condition he dies ibid, 
+
+Bcllerophoti's Letters, thofe which any man carries to 
+his own prejudice ibid. 
+
+Bcllcruss king of Corinth, killed by Bellerophon 312 
+Belli ca, a pillar before the temple of Bellona, over 
+w'hich the herald throw's a fpear when he proclaims 
+war 
+
+
+l 
+
+ft 
+
+
+i 
+
+
+1 
+
+fy 
+
+£ 
+
+
+n 1 n 
+
+D 1 * 
+
+
+Bellona, the Goddefs of war, 77. Her offices 
+Belus , king of Affyria, the fir ft who worfhipped 
+idol, 3. One of the names of Jupiter 
+Bencficium , worfhipped by the Ethiopians 
+Berecynthia Matcn , one of the titles of Cybele 
+Berg ion, a giant flain by Hercules 
+
+
+/ L 
+
+ibid. 
+
+
+an 
+
+
+171 
+
+2q8 
+
+Eib/is 
+
+
+I N D E X. 
+
+
+359 
+
+
+$iblis falls in love with her brother Caunus, 50 
+
+Dies for grief, and is turned into a fountain ibid. 
+
+Biceps and Efrons , two names of Janus 148 
+
+Biformus , Br if ecus , Bromius , Bimeler, Bimat or, and 
+Eugenes , names of Bacchus 61 
+
+iter of Erymanthia, tamed by Hercules 297 
+
+Botina, a Nymph, drowns herfelf, but is afterwards 
+made immortal 34 
+
+Iterf Z>£77, one of the titles of Cybele, 172. And of 
+
+Fortuna 351 
+
+Daemon, one of the titles of Priapus 205 
+
+Briareus , one of the giants that warred again/! hea¬ 
+ven 262 
+
+Brevis, one of the titles of Fortune 350 
+
+Brimo *and Bubajlls , names of Hecate or Diana 212, 213 
+Britomartis made a Goddefs 213 
+
+Brontaios, one of Jupiter’s titles 25 
+
+Brutna , one of the names of Bacchus 68 
+
+Brumalia, feflivals in honour of Bacchus ibid. 
+
+Bubona a Deity prefiding over oxen 226 
+
+ito// of a prodigious fize and fiercenefs, tamed by 
+Hercules ; 296 
+
+Bulla, a golden ornament worn about the necks of 
+the Roman youth 277 
+
+Butieca, one of Juno’s names 90 
+
+Bujiris , a cruel tyrant, that offered human facrifices 
+to his father Neptune, killed by Hercules, and fa- 
+crificed to Neptune 29S 
+
+C 
+
+177 
+
+
+312 
+
+
+F^ydBlRI, priefts of Cybele 
+^ Cabaltinus Fons , the Mufes fpring 
+
+Cacus, the fon of Vulcan, 159. Proves a moft no¬ 
+torious robber, and -is killed by Hercules 299 
+
+Cadmus banifhed, 17. Builds the city of Thebes $ 
+invents the greatell part of the Greek alphabet 5 
+fows the teeth of a dragon in the ground, from 
+whence armed men fpring up $ marries Hermio- 
+ne \ both he and/lie are turned into ferpents, ibid\ 
+
+The meaning of this fable Ibid. 
+
+Caducous , Mercury’s wand, deferibed 54 
+
+Caeca, one of the titles of Fortuna 350 
+
+Qxculus, a robber, Vulcan’s fon 159 
+
+Cevn is 
+
+
+
+360 
+
+
+INDEX. 
+
+
+256 1 
+
+201 
+
+3 9 
+
+274 
+
+
+Ccenis , a woman that turned herfclf into a man 2^ 
+Ca lendaris, Ca protin a, Cither onia , CV/rij*, Curitis., and 
+Cinxia , names and titles of Juno 90, 91, 92 
+
+Calijla , debauched by Jupiter in the iliape of Diana, 1;; 
+
+Turned into a bear, and makes a conitellation 36 
+Calliope , one of the Mufes 1&7 
+
+Calumny worfhipped as a Goddcfs 346 
+
+Cambyfes punilhed for wounding Apis with a fword 336 
+Cam ill us, Cafmillus , or Cadimillus , one of the names 
+of Mercury 52 
+
+Camilli and Ca milIce, all boys and girls under age fo 
+called ibid, 
+
+Cammccna , a tutelar Goddefs to infants 287 
+
+Catiephoria , facrifices offered to Bacchus 67 
+
+Canes , a name of the Furies 256 
+
+Canopus , an Egyptain God, who fights with Ignis, 
+the God of the Chaldeans, and vanquiflies him 
+Cantharus , Silcnus’s jug, described 
+Capitolinas, a title of Jupiter 
+Cardua , an houfehold Goddefs 
+Car men ta (one of them), the fame vvitli Themis, 192 
+Another, a famous prophetefs of Rome ibid. 
+
+Carna , or Carnea , a tutelar Goddefs to new-born in¬ 
+fants 286 
+
+Ca/Jiope or Cqffiopeia , made a condellation 312 
+
+Cajlalidcs , the Mufes fo called 390 
+
+Ciijlor and Pollux, twins, their birth, 306. Their 
+actions, 307. Share immortality between them, 308 
+Are made the conilellations Gemini ibid, 
+
+Catius , a tutelar God to adult perfons 288 
+
+Cclceno , one of the Harpies, 268 $ and one of the 
+daughters of Atlas 321 
+
+Celejlial Gods, thofe of the highefb dignity, 6. Ce- 
+Teflial Nymphs 221 
+
+Centaurs , half men and half horfes, 267, Overcome 
+by Thefeus 304 
+
+Centipcda , one of the titles of Jupiter 23 
+
+Cephalus , carried by Aurora into heaven, 134. Mar¬ 
+ries Procris, ibid. Kills her unawares ibid . 
+
+Ceraumus , one of the titles of Jupiter 21 
+
+Cerberus , a defeription of him, 247. Conquered and 
+brought up from hell by Hercules 297 
+
+Cera 
+
+
+
+I N D £ X. 
+
+
+3& L 
+
+
+Ceres , her image defcribed, 177- The ufcful arts 
+ftie taught men 179 
+
+Chalcea, feitivals in honour of Vulcan 157 
+
+Charities , the three Graces, their defcent, 125. A 
+defcription of them ibid. 
+
+Charybdis , a ravenous woman turned into a gulf, 
+
+240. The meaning of this fable 24? 
+
+Charon , the ferryman of hell, a defcription of him, 
+
+245. His office ibid. 
+
+Chajlity worfhipped as a Goddefs 340 
+
+Chimtera, a ft range roonfler, defcribed, 2 69. Killed 
+by Belierophoriy 270, and 310. The meaning of 
+the fable of the Chima*ra ibid. 
+
+Chione contemns Diana’s beauty, and is thcrcfoic 
+fhot through t'ne tongue 214 
+
+Ch/oris married to Zcphyrus 21? 
+
+Chiron , the Centaur, his parentage, excellently {kil¬ 
+led in phyiic, 316. Teaches this art to /LTcuJapi- 
+us, 317. Appointed tutor to Achilles, ibid\ 
+Wounded by one of Hercules’s arrows, ibuL 
+Tranflated into the heavens, and made the con- 
+ftellation Sagittarius ibid. 
+
+Circe , a very famous forcerefs, banifhed for poifoiling' 
+her hufband, 48. Falls in love with Glaucus, and 
+turns her rival Scy-lla into a fea-monfter, 49. Turns 
+the companions of Ulyfles into bcafts, and reftorcs 
+them again to their former fliapcs, ibid. The 
+meaning of this fable 
+
+Cith^v rides, or Cytheriades, the Mufcs Co called 
+Claucina, one of the names of Venus 
+Claviger, one of the titles of Janus 
+Claufius , or Clujius , one of the names of Janus 
+Clemency worshipped as a Goddefs 
+Clio , one of the Mufes 
+Titie turned into a fun-flower 
+llotho, one the Fates 
+
+<lowns of Dycia turned into frogs by Latona for 
+muddying the water while fhe was drinking 132, 133 
+lytemneftra kills her hufband Agamemnon, and is 
+killed by her fon Oreftes 309 
+
+'lyioris deflowered by Jupiter in the fhape of an ant ij 
+ocytus 7 one of the infernal rivers 246 
+
+CL Co Hina , 
+
+
+ibid. 
+189 
+
+I X t 
+
+49 
+1 5 Z 
+
+jS 7 
+
+3 b 
+256 
+
+
+-0 2 
+
+
+N D E X 
+
+
+25 
+
+
+288 
+
+
+Collina , tlie Goddefs of the hills 220 
+
+-Colofus of Rhodes, one of the fcvcn wonders of the 
+world, defcribed 45 
+
+dOompiralit //, Compitalitia, or Cornpitalia, games in ho¬ 
+nour of the Efcres, or houfehold Gods 277 
+
+Complices Dti, houfehold'Gods - 27.5 
+
+Concord worfhipped as a Goddefs 342 
+
+Coif cutes Dii, fuperior Gods, 6. alfo the houfehold 
+
+Gods _ . 27 ' 5 
+
+Cvnfervator , one of Jupiter’s titles 25 
+
+Confervatrix, one of the titles of Fortune 351 
+
+Confus, one of the names of Neptune, to whofe ho¬ 
+nour games were folcmnized called, Confualia , 
+231. Alfo a tutelar Goddefs to adult perlons 288 
+Contumely worfhipped as a Goddefs 346 
+
+Coronis , one of the daughters of Atlas 32: 
+
+Cortina , the fame with the tripos in the temple of 
+Apollo at Eelphis 39 
+
+Crania , feftivals in honour of Saturn 143 
+
+Cun a and CarmcnLa y tutelar Goddefles^to^iew-horn 
+infants 235 
+
+Cupid , his defeent, 123. Two different Cupids men¬ 
+tioned by the poets, ibiiL His mighty power, 
+though a boy ibid. 
+
+C.uretes , Corybantes Cabin\ priefts of Cybele 176-77 
+
+CuJioSj one of the titles of Jupiter 19 
+
+Cybele , a defeription of her image, 169. Her names,! 70 
+Her lacrifices, 175. Her piiells 176 
+
+• Cyclops , the fervants of Vulcan, 158. Defiroyed by 
+Apollo 32 
+
+Cyllenius , or Cylllus , one of the names of Mercury 36 
+Cynthtus , one of Apollo’s titles 36 
+
+- Cyparijfus.^ .a very beautiful youth turned into a cy- 
+prefs tree 33, 200 
+
+Cypns, Cypria , Cyprogenia y Cytheris , Cytheria 9 and 
+
+Calva 9 names of Venus 111 
+
+■Cyrus y s palace, one of 'the feven wonders of the world 46 
+
+IX 
+
+ALUS y q famous artificer, an account of 
+his inventions, 50. Is fhut up in the labyrinth, 
+hut flies out of.it with artificial wings ibid 
+
+Decnioi 
+
+
+I N D E X. 
+
+
+
+3^5 
+
+xnrcn Bonus , Dlthyrambus , Dionyjius , Dionyfus, 
+names of Bacchus 61, 62 
+
+canon Jdonusy one of the titles of Priapus 205 
+
+corrupted by J upiter in the form of a golden 
+Oiower, 14, 311. Afterwards married to king 
+
+
+Pilumnus 
+
+kinciides, fifty daughters of Danaus perifhed in hell 
+
+
+ib 
+
+
+id. 
+
+
+265 
+
+
+
+O.-J 
+
+II o 
+-j8 
+
+256 
+
+
+3 
+
+
+for killing their hufbands on the wedding night 
+aphne turned into a laurel 
+ea Sy> ia y one of the titles of Venus ■ 
+eath wordiipped as a Goddefs, its defeription 
+ecirna , one of the Fates 
+
+)enianira ) the wife of Hercules, occafions his death 3C0 
+L’liuSy Dclphicus , Dc/pbirioeus , D idyrrucu r, names of 
+Apollo 37 
+
+?los y at firft a woman, then a floating ifland, after¬ 
+wards a fixed one, called alfo Ortygia 130 
+
+sucalioity king of Theflaly, reftorc's the race of man¬ 
+kind deilroyed by a deluge, 3 1 9, 32s. The-mean- 
+ing of this fable - 3 2-0 
+
+r evcm 7, a tutelar Goddefs to breeding women 28 
+ianciy her image deferibed, 207. The-fame with the 
+moon, 209. Her temple at Ephefus, one of the 
+feven wonders of the world, 45. One of the nup¬ 
+tial Goddeifes 28 c 
+
+Whana Lucina , a tutelar Goddefs to women in labour 284 
+Wiana Taurica, a Goddefs to whom men and wo- 
+I men were offered in facrihce 309 
+
+Wpicfyrma, one of the names of Diana 213 
+
+^)ics and Diefpitcr , names of Jupiter 
+
+it majorum Gentium^ the Tuperior Deities 6 
+
+U minorum Gentium, the fubordinate Deities, 7, 274 
+ii Indigetcs, and uddfeript itii } Gods that once were 
+men 7, 29 1 
+
+ii Funcruniy the Gods prefiding over the dead 290 
+indymene and Dindyrney names of Cybele, 171 
+
+lomedcsy a tyrant of Thrace, fubdued by Hercules, 
+
+296 
+
+tony ft us or Dionyfus , names of Bacchus 62 
+
+i° n yjiiiy feffivals in honour of Bacchus 69 
+
+irtCy the names of the Furies 256 
+
+is } one of the names of Pluto 240 
+
+Qja Sift ' 
+
+
+
+
+and given for food to his liorfes 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+3*4 
+
+
+N D E X. 
+
+
+2 5 9 ! 
+
+
+221 
+
+
+ibid. 
+
+
+2 *4 
+
+
+Difcord worfhipped as a Goddefs ^4) 
+
+Dodona's grove 20 
+
+Dodonceus, a name of Jupiter ibid. 
+
+t)olius , a name of Mercury jg 
+
+•Domiduca, one of the titles of Juno ^2 
+
+Domiducus and Domitius, two of the nuptial Gods 281 
+Domino, or De/poina, one of the titles of Proferpine 251 ! 
+Doris, a fea nymph 222 
+
+Dreams, by what paffage falfe ones, and by what j 
+ways true ones, are conveyed to men 2-9 
+
+Druids, priells among the Gauls 221 
+
+Dry odes, Nymphs of the woods ibid. 
+
+E. 
+
+J^CHO debauched by Pan, ic,8. Pines away for 
+love of Narciffus 224 
+
+Educa , or Edufa , a tutelar. Goddefs to new-born in¬ 
+fants 2861 
+
+Egeria , one of Juno’s titles, 72. Alfo a tutelar God- 1 
+defs to women in labour , 2S4 
+
+EleSira, one of,the daughters of Atlas 321 
+
+E lie ins, a name of Jupiter 20 
+
+Jileus, E/e/eus, Eleutherius , names of Bacchus 62, 63! 
+Eloides, Nymphs of Bacchus 22I 
+
+Eleujinia, one of the names of Ceres, 183. Major a 
+facrifices to Ceres 5 Minora to Proferpina ibidi 
+
+Elyfian fields deferibed 272 
+
+Empufce, the Gorgons, a defeription of them 269I 
+
+Jtndymion , a gallant to the moon 21 fl 
+
+Envy worfhipped as a Goddefs 343 
+
+Enyalius, one of the titles of Mars 81 
+
+Epbialtes, one of the Giants that warred againft hea¬ 
+ven 2 6 - 
+
+Epilencea, facrifices offered to Bacchus 6' 
+
+■Epi/ltophia , a name of Venus Ji. 
+
+Equejlris, one of the titles of Fortune 3 Si 
+
+Erato, one of the Mufes 188 
+
+Ergatis, one of the names of Minerva ioj 
+
+ErichthoneuSy Erichtheus , or Erichthonicus, the fon of j 
+Vulcan J 5 l 
+
+Erifichtbon punifhed with perpetual hunger, fo that 1 
+he devours his own flelh. iSI 
+
+'Erinnysj a common name to the Furies 2jl 
+
+£ro\ 
+
+
+j i, 
+
+35 ; 
+
+38: 
+
+10 
+
+
+ErSnrtysj a common name to the Furies 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+I N I> E 
+
+
+y 
+
+-*W 0 
+
+
+36- 
+
+
+Eros, one of the names of Cupid 
+f.rycinci, a name of Venus 
+
+Et codes and Po/ynices , brothers who bore fucli mu¬ 
+tual hatred, that they killed each other, 272. 
+'They are put on the fame funeral pile to be 
+burnt, and the flame divides 
+Euibns, Evehus, Evan , and End:ins, names of Bac¬ 
+chus 
+
+Eumen-idcs, the names of the Furies 
+F.'iphro/yne, one of the Graces 
+
+Europa carried away by Jupiter in the fhape of a 
+white bull 
+
+Furyale, one of the Gorgons* 
+
+Euterpe, or Eutcrpia , one of the Mufes 
+
+F. 
+
+
+^3 
+1 11 
+
+
+ibid. 
+
+
+62 
+
+256 
+
+
+16 
+
+26S 
+188 ■ 
+
+
+TpAB AR 17 E Calender, the fir ft day of June 286 1 
+
+Fabulin 'is, a tutelar Goddefs to infants ibid. 
+
+Faith worshipped as a Goddefs 33ft 
+
+Fame worshipped as a Goddefs 348 
+
+Fa/celis, a title of Di.ana Taurica- 310 
+
+Fafcinum , one of the names of Priapus 205 
+
+Fates, a defciiption of the three, 254- Their de« 
+feent, 255. Their names and offices ibid. 
+
+Fauns , the fame as Satyrs , rural Gods 223 
+
+Faunusy or Eatuellus, the hufband of Fauna or.Fa-* 
+tuella *, both were /killed in prophecy 203 . 
+
+Fauna and Fatua, names of Cybele, J 7 2 , ‘ 
+
+Fear worfhipped as a Goddefs 353c 
+
+Fever worfhipped as a Goddefs • ibid. 
+
+
+ibid. 
+
+
+223 
+
+
+283 : 
+
+
+Fcbruus , one of the names of Pluto 249 : 
+
+Februa, facrifices offered to appeafe the ghoft of 
+departed friends, ibid. Alfo one of the nuptial 
+Goddeffes- 283 : 
+
+Fcbruaiify Februa/a, Februa , Februla , and Eluonia, 
+names and titles of Juno 92 : 
+
+Ferculus , one of the houfehold Gods 274 
+
+Feretriusy a name of Jupiter 20 
+
+Feronia , a Goddefs of the woods 218 
+
+Ferula, the walking-ftaff of Silenus 201 
+
+Feffonia, a tutelar Goddefs to adult perfons 287 ~ 
+
+Fidelity worfhipped as a Goddefs 343 . 
+
+Women Pornonalisy a prieft that ferves P^omona only 219 • 
+
+Q. 3 . " Flora,;. 
+
+
+92 : 
+274 
+20 
+2l8 
+201 
+287 • 
+
+343 - 
+
+
+K 
+
+
+
+INDEX. 
+
+
+S°k‘ 
+
+Flora, the Goddefs of flowers, defcribed, 21’/. 
+
+One of the Goddelfes of corn 22j, 
+
+Flora/es , or Floralia, feafls in honour of her 2 j p 
+
+Florida , one of Juno’s titles 90 
+
+Flavin les , Nymphs of the rivers 222 
+
+Fornax, one of the God defies rf corn 2:8 
+
+Fortune , vorfhippeJ as a Goddefs 3^9 
+
+Fors, Fortuna , or F01 tis Fort ana , names of Fortune, 347, 
+
+53C 
+
+Fraud wor/liipped as a Goddefs 347 
+
+Fnlgens and Fulminatory names of Jupiter 2i, 25 
+
+Funeral Deities 290 
+
+
+2 r 
+“ / 
+
+O I 
+
+M 
+9 ° 
+^ *■> 
+
+-‘•"'I 
+
+2 : 3 } 
+
+3-191 
+
+
+2 9 8| 
+19 o\ 
+
+
+10 
+
+
+Fraud wor/liipped as a Goddefs 34/] 
+
+Fulgent and Fulminatory names of Jupiter 21, 2 J 
+
+Funeral Deities 290] 
+
+Furies, a de/cription of the three, 2 to. Their defeent, I 
+
+ibid. Why three in number, ibid. 1 he o (lice of them, j 
+
+257. What is meant by the fable of the Furies d/d ,| 
+F//ry worfliipped as a Goddefs- 347! 
+
+G. 
+
+Q. ALAN THIS turned into a weafel 298 
+
+Gnlaxia , the milky way in the heavens j why 
+fo called 293 
+
+Galli, the priefls of Cybele, their mad behaviour, 
+
+171. The reafon of their name, and the otFices 
+they were employed in .174 ctfcq. 
+
+Ganymede carried from mount Ida to heaven by 
+Jupiter in the fhape of an eagle 16 
+
+Gates , in the palace of Soranus ; one of ivory, 
+through which falfe dreams pafs ; the other of 
+horn, through which true vifions come 259 
+
+Gemini , one of the conflellations of heaven, the 
+fame with'Caftor and Pollux 308 
+
+Gen it or, Gragos , and Grap/ios , names of Jupiter 21 
+Genii, the guardian angels of men* 278.. Sometimes 
+the fame with the Dares, ibid, or with the Dee- 
+mens. ibid. Their images, 279. Sacrifices and 
+the offerings to them, ibid. Bonus Genius w r or- 
+fhipped as a God 280 
+
+Gc-nitvc, one of the names of Priapus 205 
+
+i rental Day , the birth-day; Genial Bed, the marriage- 
+bed; Genial Life . a life of fenfuality and pleafure 27S 
+Geryon , a moniter with three bodies, 267. Over¬ 
+come by Hercules 297 
+
+Giants endeavoured to depofe Jupiter, but are de- 
+flroycd by him 261 
+
+
+2 59 
+
+308 
+
+
+n t 
+
+j* K 
+
+
+280 
+
+205 
+
+
+297 
+
+261 
+
+
+Glaucojpi*) 
+
+
+I N D E X. 
+
+
+3^7 
+
+
+140 
+
+
+23 &' 
+
+141: 
+3° 1 
+
+
+Gtaucopis, one of the titles of Minerva. 
+
+Glaucus , a filherman, made a fea God 
+Gnoffis, one of the names of Ariadne 
+Golden age defcribed by Virgil and Ovid 
+Golden fleece, a defcription of it 
+
+Gordons, the names and defcription of them 26S, 269 
+Grace*, three fillers, their defeent, 125. A dc- 
+feription of them 
+
+Grace-cap filled with wine and water, and,drank 
+off to the Bonus Genius 
+Gradivus , one of the titles of Mars. 
+
+Greek letters, by whom invented 
+
+
+ibid 
+
+
+344 
+
+80 
+
+
+17 
+
+2 49 r 
+
+288 
+
+32Z 
+
+22t 
+
+
+3 S 2 
+
+268. 
+
+34 ^ 
+
+
+ibid,. 
+
+21X. 
+
+
+H.. 
+
+JGj^HDES, one of the names of Pluto 
+
+Hrercs 9 Martin , a tutelar Goddefs to adult 
+perfons 
+
+Ha Icy one, one of. the daughters- of Atlas 
+Hamadryades, Nymphs of the woods 
+Harpoc rates, the-God.of Silence 
+Harpies, their names, and a defcription of them 
+Health worfhipped as a Goddefs 
+Hebe , the Goddefs of Youth, her birth and office, 
+
+88. Difgraces herfelf by an unlucky fall, and 
+is turned, out of her office. 
+
+Hecate, wliy Diana was called by this name 2x0, 
+Helena, the. moft beautiful virgin in the world, rx»ns 
+away with Paris, 1212 After his death marries 
+his brother Deiphpbus, 122. She betrays him to 
+Menelaus, and fo becomes reconciled to him 
+Helicon , the Mufes mount 
+
+Heliconides, or Heliconiades, the Mufes fo called 
+
+Hell defcribed 
+
+^ * 
+
+Helte drowned in that fea which from her is finee 
+called the He lief pout 
+
+Heilejpontiacus, one of the titles of Pr^apus 
+Heraui, facrifices offered to Juno 
+Hercules, his birth, 293. His names, 293. His 
+labours, 296. His death 
+Herculc, Hcrcle, Hercules, an oath taken only by 
+men, whereas women ufed the oath JE.cn,'lor 30S 
+Hernne, 'ftatues of Mercury fet up for the dirc&ictv 
+
+of paffengers and-travelleis 5^ 
+
+Her/nap hrodUus 
+
+
+ibid\ 
+S IZ 
+
+i £y 
+
+-43 
+
+
+01 
+
+
+3 
+205 
+
+90 
+
+
+.v 
+
+
+o 
+
+
+jW 0 > o J 
+
+
+9 
+
+
+
+INDEX. 
+
+
+368 
+
+Hermapht oditus- and Salmq/is, made into one per* 
+fon, called an Hermaphrodite 
+Hermatherue , images ultd among the Romans 
+Hermes , one of Mercury’s names 
+Hermione , the dau ghter of Mars and Venus, 8r. 
+
+Promifed to Orclies, but married to Pyrrhus 
+Hejione , the daughter of King Laornedon, deliver* 
+ed from a iea-monfler by Hercules 
+He/per, Hcfperus , or He/per ugo , the brother of At¬ 
+las turned into an evening liar 
+He/per ides , the three daughters of Hefperus, ibid. 
+In tlieir garden golden apples grew, over which 
+a dragon kept watch. Hercules deftroys the 
+dragon, and takes away the fruit 
+Hind with brazen feet and golden horns, hunted 
+and caught by Hercules 
+IJi/pius and Hippodrovius , names of Neptune 
+Hippocampi , fea-horfes that drew Neptune’s cha¬ 
+riot, defcribed 
+
+Hippccrene , the Mules fountain 
+Hippocrenides , the Mufes fo called 
+H/ppolytus, the fon of Thefeus, of exemplary chaf- 
+rity, is killed by a fall from his chariot, and re- 
+(lored to life by ALlculapius 305, 
+
+TJippolyte , Queen of the Amazons, her army de¬ 
+feated by Hercules 
+
+Htppomene and <dtafanta, two lovers, their misfor¬ 
+tunes, 119. Are both turned 1 into lions 
+Hippona , a Goddefs prefiding over horfes and flables 
+llipponus , the name of Bellerophon 
+blippotades , one of the names of AEolus 
+Hipfyphzle , Queen of Eemnos, has twins by Jafon, 
+and is forfaken by him 
+Hircus, the reputed father of Orion 
+Homogynus , a name to Jupiter 
+Honorius , a tutelar God to adult perfons 
+Honour worfhipped as a God 
+
+Hope found at the bottom of Pandora’s box, 158, 
+317. Worlliipped as a Goddefs 
+Hoplofmia , one of Juno’s titles 
+
+Horta , or Hora , a tutelar Goddefs to adult perfons 
+llprtai/isj one of the titles of Venus 
+
+
+s 7 
+
+56 
+
+5~9 
+2 99 
+
+323 
+
+
+ibid 
+
+2 96 
+2 3 l 
+
+ibid. 
+
+312 
+
+190 
+
+
+3c 6 
+296 
+
+
+X2C 
+
+226 
+
+312 
+
+164 
+
+
+30J 
+
+33° 
+
+2J 
+
+288 
+33 * 
+
+339 
+92 
+
+2 87 
+
+hi 
+
+Horns, 
+
+
+
+INDEX. 
+
+
+369 
+
+
+44 
+
+227 
+
+44 
+
+3 * 
+
+321 
+
+
+
+295 
+
+3 i5 
+299 
+
+J22 
+
+63 
+
+
+Horus, one of the names of the fun 
+Hojlilina , one of the Goddeffes of com 
+Hours , their defcent, and how they are employed 
+Hyacintbus killed by Apollo with a quoit 
+Hyades , feven of Atlas’s daughters 
+Hyas, the fon of Atlas devoured by a lion 
+Hydra killed by Hercules 
+
+Hygicea, or Sanitas, Health, the daughter of JLfcu- 
+lapius 
+
+llylas, a great favourite of Hercules 
+Ilymeticeus , the God of marriage 
+
+1 . 
+
+plCCHUS, one of the names of Bacchus 
+
+Janus , his image deferibed, 147, 148. His 
+names and actions, 148. In all facrifices, prayers 
+are firft offered to him, 151. His temple open 
+in time of war, but fhut in time of peace, 152. 
+
+The meaning of the fable of Janus 
+Janus , a tutelar God to new-born infants 
+Jani^.VL place at Rome where ufurers and flockjob- 
+bers ufed to meet 
+Janitor , one- of the titles of Janus 
+lanthe, the wife of Iphis . 
+
+Jq/o , the daughter of TEfculapius.. 
+
+Jofon, his birth,. 30o.. Makes an expedition to fetch 
+the golden fleece, 301. Debauches the Queen of 
+Lemnos, ibid... Gains the fleece by the affiftance 
+of Medea, whom he therefore marries, 302. but 
+afterwards hates and forfakes her ibid-, 
+
+Icarus flies.with artificial W’ings, 50. The fun melts 
+the.wax.of them, fo that he falls into.the fea, 
+and is drowned u 
+
+Idem Mater , one of Cebele’s names % 
+ldcei. Daily li, prieffs of Cy.bele . 
+
+Id alia, one of Venus’s names. 
+
+Idolatry , whence it had its rife, .2... In.-What-place 
+it was firfl exercifed . 
+
+Idolater , who was the.,firfl 
+hnperator , a name of Jupiter * 
+
+Impudence worfhipped as a Goddefs • 
+
+Inachis , a name of Io or Ifis 
+
+Indig.etes Dii, Gods of an inferior rank .and dignity 
+
+Q JL,- 
+
+
+*54 
+
+285 
+
+148 
+
+1 S° 
+
+33 4 
+316 
+
+
+ibid. 
+
+*74 
+
+177 
+112 
+
+
+ibid , 
+
+21 
+
+346 
+
+334 
+
+*4 
+
+
+* 
+
+
+
+t 
+
+
+&7° 
+
+
+N D E X. 
+
+
+.50 
+
+9- 
+
+*95 
+
+
+rica 
+
+
+296 
+
+.T 00 
+
+292 
+
+310 
+
+
+334 
+
+S 7 
+
+198 
+
+
+333 
+
+260 
+
+93 
+
+2S1 
+
+
+fro, one oftlie fea GoddefFes 23d 
+
+Intercidoria, a tutelar Goddefs to breeding women 28 ^ 
+Interduca , one of Juno’s titles g- 
+
+Inutis and Incubus , names of Pan 19; 
+
+*>, j upiter’s intrigue with her, 88. She is turned 
+into a cow, Ibid. After her death worfliipped 
+by the Egyptians, and called IJis 33^ 
+
+lolaus , an old man reftored to his youth again 296 
+lo/Cy Hercules falls in love with her 300 
+
+Iphiclus , the fon of Amphitryo and Alcmena 292 
+
+Iphigenia is carried to be facrificcd to Diana Tau- 
+rica y but is fpared, and made her prieftefs 310 
+
+Iphisy a beautiful virgin, turned into a man, and 
+marries Ianthe 334 
+
+Iris r the fervant of Juno, her parentage and offices, 
+
+86. Never fent but to promote ftrife and diflention 87 
+
+fringes , the daughter of Pan . 198 
+
+IJis, a Goddefs worfliipped by the Egyptians, call- 
+
+ed alfo Io _ 332, 333 
+
+Judges of hell,, their names and characters 259, 260 
+Juga, one of Juno’s titles 93 
+
+Jugattnus , one of the nuptial Gods 2S1 
+
+Juno violated by Jupiter in the fliape of a crow 1 , 
+
+14. Pier image deferibed, 85. Her birth and 
+parentage, 86. Where born, ibid. Her children, 
+
+87. Herfeveral names, 90. Jealoufy her notorious 
+fault, 88. The fignification of the fable of Juno 94 
+
+Juno Infer nd , a name of Proferpina 25 t 
+
+Juno Lucindy a tutelar Goddefs to women in labour 284 
+Juno Cinxipy Perjedldy or ^Idultdy one of the nup¬ 
+tial Goddefles 281, 282 
+
+JujiotieSy the guardian angels of women 280 
+
+Jutioniusy one of the titles of Janus 15Q 
+
+Jupitery many of them, and of different patentage, 
+
+12. The moft famous the fon of'Saturn, ibid. 
+
+A defeription of his image10. Where born, and 
+by whom educated, 12. His war with the Giants, 
+
+13. His fliameful debaucheries, 14. His fe- 
+*<Tral names, 18, His flatue at Olympia one of 
+
+the feven wonders of the world, 46. The figni- , 
+fication of the fable of Jupi.ter 26 
+
+Jupiter SecunduSy a name of Neptune 250 
+
+Jupiter 7 ertius, Inferring $tygius 7 a name of Pluto ibid 
+
+Jupiter 
+
+
+94 
+
+25 1 
+
+
+282 
+
+280 
+
+1 
+
+
+26 
+
+250 
+
+ibid. 
+
+
+
+I N D E X 
+
+
+* t » 
+
+37 ^ 
+
+
+281 
+
+3 3 o 
+286 
+
+264 
+
+
+49 
+
+255 
+
+284 
+
+227 
+
+269 
+
+299 
+
+21 
+
+
+Jupiter P'erfeElus, feu Adultus^ one of the nuptial 
+Gods ‘ 
+
+Jufice worfhipped as a Goddefs 
+. Juventus, or Juventas , a tutelar Goddefs to youths 
+Ixien attempts to ravifh Juno, and begets the Cen¬ 
+taurs. His punifhment in he It' 
+
+L. 
+
+J^ ABITRINLH made by Daedalus 
+La chefs, one of the Fates 
+Lacinia , Luc in a, and Luci/ia y titles of Juno, 93. A 
+tutelar Goddefs to women in labour 
+LaEiuca and LaEtucina , one of the Goddeffes of corn 
+Lamice, Gorgons, a defeription of them 
+Laomedon,W\ngo£ Troy,breaks the promife he made 
+* to Hercules, wherefore Hercu.les deftroys Troy 
+Lapis , or Lapidcus , titles of Jupiter 
+Lares , domeftic Gods, their defeent, 276. Wor- 
+fliipped in the roads or llreets 
+Lararta , places where lacrifices were offered to 
+the Lares 
+
+Lateranus , one of the houfehold Gods 
+Latia/is , a title of Jupiter 
+
+Latium and Latini , Italy and Italians fo called 
+Latona, Jupiter falls in love with her, and has by 
+her Apollo and Diana 129, 
+
+Laverna , the Goddefs of thieves 
+Lautia\ the name of fuch prefents as* are made to 
+
+Grangers . 2 6 - 
+
+Learcbus killed by his father Athamas 236 
+
+Leda abufed by Jupiter in the fhape of a fwan, 15. 
+
+Here intrigues with Jupiter, 306. The children- 
+fhe had by him; and the manner of their birth 307 
+Limoniades , Nymphs of the meadows and fields 
+Lerueus , Liber Pater , Liber Lyccits , Lyfus , names 
+of Bacchus 
+
+Lecneus, the month of January fo called 
+Lethe y a river of Hell deferibed 
+Levana y a tuteHr Goddefs to new-born infanta 
+Leucofay one of the Sirens 
+Lencotheay the fame with Aro; a fea Goddefs- 
+Leucothoey turned into a tree bearing frankincenfe 
+ldbera % one of the names of Proferpina' 
+
+
+277 
+
+ibid. 
+28 r 
+2 x 
+140" 
+
+
+1 20 
+288 
+
+
+6 3 
+
+68 : 
+
+273 
+
+285 
+
+2 37 
+
+236 
+
+23 S : 
+
+25 r 
+
+
+
+Liberty^ • 
+
+
+
+INDEX. 
+
+
+372 
+
+Liberty -w or (kipped as a Goddefs 
+Libitina , the Goddefs of funerals, 290. Alfo the 
+grave itfelf 
+
+Libitinarii , officers that burled the dead 
+
+Ligtea, one of the Sirens 
+
+Lz?nnades y Nymphs of the lakes and ponds 
+
+Linigera , a title of Ifis 
+
+Li/ftj, by fome accounted a fourth Fury 
+
+Lucctius , one of the titles of J upiter 
+
+Lucifer , the morning fear 
+
+Lucina, one of the names of Diana, 213. A. tutelar 
+Goddefs to- women in labour 
+Luna , the fame with Diana , 2x1. Why Diana w'as 
+culled by this name 
+Lupcrcus, one of the names of Pan 
+Lupcrci , Pan’s priefts 
+Lupercalia , Pan’s iacrifices 
+
+Lycaon, king of Arcadia, turned into a wolf by 
+Jupiter for his monllrous impiety 
+Tyeian clowns turned.into frogs by Latona for mud¬ 
+dying the water whilft fhe was drinking 132, 
+Iycurgus cuts off his own legs 
+Ai’gdis, the father of Iphis 
+
+M. 
+
+sfDES, Bacchus’s companions * 
+
+Macham , the fon of -fEfculapius .. 
+
+Maia, one of the daughters of Atlas 
+Ma/a y , one of the titles of Fortune . 
+
+.Altimmofa, one of the titles of Fortune 
+Managcneta, a tutelar Goddefs to women in labour 
+Mattes, the Genii, or guardians of mankind; 
+ManiitrJia , one of the nuptial Goddeffes 
+j Mafcula , one of the titles of Fortune 
+Matura , one of the Goddeffes of corn 
+Matuta , the fame w\x\Leucothea or Ino, one of the 
+nuptial Goddeffes 
+
+Mtorina, Melanis , Melccnis, Meretrix, Migoniiis , and 
+Murcia s names of Venus 112, 
+
+J.Marine Nymphs, 222. Marine Gods 
+Mars, his image defcribed, 76* His defcent, 78. His 
+fevoral names, 79. The ft ory of his fon Tereus, 83, 
+
+
+343 
+
+ibid. 
+
+290 
+
+257 
+
+222 
+
+33 A 
+
+257 
+
+
+^ 7 ^ 
+
+
+284 
+
+ibid. 
+
+3 9 6 
+#/</. 
+
+
+14 
+
+*33 
+
+70 
+
+334 
+
+61 
+
+3x6 
+
+321 
+
+350 
+
+35 1 
+284 
+280 
+28,1 
+
+3 5° 
+
+227 
+
+282 
+
+
+11 3 
+229 
+
+
+His 
+
+
+
+I. N D £ X. 373 
+
+His adultery with Venus, 8x* Sacrifices offered, 
+to him 85 
+
+Marfyas challenges Apollo in mufic, is overcome 
+by him, and turned into a river 35 
+
+Marti us, a title-of Jupiter 22 
+
+Manors, one of Mars’s names 79 
+
+Maufo/us , his tomb, one of the fever* w'onders cf 
+the world, deicribed 45 
+
+Medea, a wonderful forcerefs, the wife of Jalon, 
+her exploits . 302 
+
+Mcditrina, -a tutelar Goddefs to adult perfons 287 
+
+Meditrinalia , facrilices offered to her ibid\ 
+
+Medufti , her hay; changed into fnak.es, 101, Her 
+head fixed-on IVIinerva’s fiiield, 96- One of the 
+Gorgons, 268. 
+
+Megecra , one of the Turies 256 . 
+
+Mebcrcules , Mehercu/e , an oath only ufed by men 308 
+Meleager , his adventures 215 
+
+Melice, Nymphs of the fields 222 • 
+
+Melicerta made a.lea-God, 236 . 
+
+Meleius . one of the names of Hercules 297 
+
+Mellena , the Goddefs of honey 228 
+
+Melpomene , one of the Mufes 188 . 
+
+Memnon killed by A.chilles in a duel, 135. Turned 
+into.a fountain -that one® in a year Hows with 
+blood, ibid. His body turned into a bird ibid. \ 
+
+Memtionian , birds d^feribed •• ibid. 
+
+Memnon's llatue utters mufical founds - ibid. 
+
+
+Mena , one of the nuptial Goddefies . 282 
+
+Mentha , Pluto’s mifi.refs, turned into mint 253 
+
+Mercury , his' image deferibed^ 51. Plis parentage, 
+z£zV/. His offices and qualities 52 
+
+Mercy worfhipped as a Goddefs 340 , 
+
+Merope , one of the daughters of Atlas, married to 
+
+Sifyphus _ 323 . 
+
+Metre , Mejlra, or M'ejlrc , the daughter of Erifich- 
+toy, who could transform herfelf into any fhape 23-4 
+Melroa , facrifices offered up to Cybele^ - 272 
+
+Midas gives an unjufl fentence agai nil .Apollo, for 
+
+
+which his ears are turned into thofe of. an afs, • 
+
+
+33.. His covetoufnefs proves his ruin 
+Milky- way in the heavens ? how made 
+
+
+65 
+
+293 
+
+Mima l(one 
+
+
+
+ri f 
+
+
+INDEX. 
+
+
+Mtmai/ones., attendant5 on Bacchus 
+Minerva , a defcription of her image, 96. Why flic 
+carries Medufa the Gorgon’s head on her fliield, 
+ibid. The bafilifk (acred to her, ibid. Why (tho 1 
+the Goddefs of war, yet) crowned with olive, 97. 
+Her contention with Neptune about naming A- 
+then s: ibid. Her birth, ibid. Her feveral names, 
+98. The meaning of the fable of Minerva 
+Minos y one of the infernal judges 
+Minotaur defcribed, 50. Overcome by Thefeus 
+Minufcularii Dii 9 Gods of an inferior rank and dignity 
+Minutii Dii, Gods of the lowed order and rank 
+Mirth worfliipped as a Goddefs 
+
+Mifcellanei Dii , Gods of the lowed rank and degree 
+Miibra, one of the names of the fun 
+Momus cenfures and fnarls at the adfions of all the 
+Gods 
+
+Moneta^ one of Juno’s titles 
+Money worfliipped as a Goddefs 
+Mo/es, by fome thought to be meant by Bacchus 
+Morpheus the lervant of Somnus, he brings to peo¬ 
+ple their dreams 
+MorSy a defcription of her 
+Mortay one of the Fates 
+Mulciber y or Mulcifcry a name of Vulcan 
+Mi/rciay a tutelar Goddefs to adult perfons 
+MufcariuSy one of the titles of Jupiter 
+Mufesy their birth and character, 186. Their names 
+Mujta 7, one of the titles of Minerva 
+JVlutenuSy one of the nuptial Gods 
+Myrrha commits abomination with her father} and 
+is turned into a tree 
+
+N. 
+
+prieftefles of Bacchus 
+
+. Naiades and Naides Nymphs of the fountains 
+NapcecVy Nymphs of the groves and valleys 
+Narciffus falls in love with his own picture, 225. 
+
+Pines away, and is turned into a daffodil 
+Nafcio , or Natio , a tutelar Goddefs to new-born in¬ 
+fants 
+
+NebrodcSy one of the names of Bacchus 
+NeceJJity worfliipped^as a-Goddefs 
+
+
+6 
+
+
+J04 
+
+259 
+
+3 C 3 
+
+/ 
+
+8 
+
+544 
+
+r k 
+
+G 
+
+44 
+
+93 
+
+543 
+
+70 
+
+2 56 
+287 
+
+
+r* es 
+
+A- -V 
+
+
+lS'7 
+
+zbz 
+
+
+
+
+66 
+
+ibid\ 
+
+22 6 
+
+285 
+
+70- 
+
+35 2 
+
+
+Nenucan 
+
+
+ri^a ft ■s*£&Sf?$SSB' 
+
+
+INDEX. 
+
+
+O / J 
+
+
+Nemccan lion killed by Hercules 29 c 
+
+Nemejis, one of the GoddefTes of juftlce, 193-. Vio¬ 
+lated by Jupiter in the fliape of a goofe ibid. 
+
+Neptune, his image defcribed, 229. His defcent, 230 
+Marries Amphitrite, ibicl . His remarkable ac¬ 
+tions? 231. His children 232 
+
+Kerens, a lea God, 236. A famous prophet ibid. 
+
+Nereides and lifer ina.?, fea Nymphs 222 
+
+Nerio or Neriene , the wife of Mars 79 
+
+Nejfus , the Centaur, killed by Hercules 300 
+
+Nicephorus, one of Jupiter’s titles 23- 
+
+Night , the ancienteft: of all the Gods 258 
+
+Nimrod , the fame with Bacchus - 70 
+
+Niut/Sy king of Aflyria, the firft idolater 3. 
+
+Niobc ruined by her pride and felf conceit-,. 130. Is 
+ftupiiied with grief for the lofs of all her chil¬ 
+
+
+dren, and turned into a done 
+Nifcus, one of Bacchus’s names 
+Nifus turned into a {par-hawk 
+Nivii Dii , tutelar Gods to women in labour 
+Nodojus , one of the Gods of corn 
+Nomius, one of the names of Apollo, 30, 37 
+alfo of Ariftaeus 
+Nona , one of the Fates 
+
+
+As 
+
+
+J 3 X 
+
+64 
+
+240 
+
+285 
+
+227. 
+
+
+205 
+
+256 
+
+
+Noven/i/es Dii , Godsbrought to Rome by the Sabines 8. 
+
+
+Nox, the ancienteft of all the Gods 
+Nubigen<c , the Centaurs fo called 
+Numera, a< tutelar Goddefs to adultperfons 
+Nundlna , a tutelar Goddefs to new born infants 
+Nuptialis, one of Juno’s titles 
+NytiiliuSy one of the names of Bacchus 
+Nydiyviene, for committing inceft with her father, 
+turned into an owl 
+
+NymphageteSy one of the. names of Neptune 
+Nymphs, celeftial, terreftrial, and marine 
+
+O 
+
+^BSE^UENS, one of the titles of Fortune 
+Occator , the God of harrowing 
+OceanuSy one of the fea Gods 
+Ocean tides, or Ocean ue, fea Nymphs 
+Ocypete^oxtz of the Harpies- 
+
+
+258 
+
+267 
+
+287: 
+
+286 
+
+93- 
+
+64. 
+
+114 
+
+
+35* 
+
+
+2 35 , 
+2221 
+
+268 
+
+Oedipus 
+
+
+
+
+
+I- N D E' Xv 
+
+
+Oedipus kills his father, and marries his own mother^ 
+falls diftra£ted,' and tears out his own eyes 2yr 
+
+O/ympius, Opitu/us , Opitulator , names and titles of 
+Jupiter 23 
+
+Ov.pbale^ queen of Lydia, makes Hercules fit among ; « 
+
+the maids and fpin 300 
+
+Opertufy one of the names of Pluto* 173 
+
+Qpertum, the place where Gybele’s facrifices called 
+Opertanea were offered up ibid, 
+
+Opifer , one of the titles cf Apollo * 3 c 
+
+Opigenciy one of Juno’s'titles 93 
+
+Opisy one of the names of I>iana, 213. A tutelar 
+Goddefs to new-born infants • 2S5 
+
+Op Sy one of thfc names .of Cybele' 170 
+
+Orbonay a tutelar Goddefs to adult perfons 28-7 
+
+Orcus, or OurnguSy names of - Pluto 249 
+
+Oreades and Oreftiodcs , Nymphs of the hills • 222 
+
+Grefics kills his mother Clytemneftra and her gallant 
+-fEgifthus, 309. And afterwards Pyrrhus, for 
+marrying his fvveetheart Hermione ibid. 
+
+Orgyay feafls in honour of Bacchus* 6 g* Alfo facri¬ 
+fices to Cybele 174 
+
+Orioriy his flrange birth, 331. Killfed for his arro¬ 
+gance by a fcorpion, and made a conftellation ihuh 
+Orpheus y his parentage, hh amazing fkill in mufic, 
+
+324 \ whereby he overcomes the Sirens, 238 \ and 
+brings Earydice Ins wife from* hell, but lofes her • 
+again, 324. Refol ves never to marry, for which he 
+is<torn in pieces by the Masnades,- ibid . His harp • 
+made a conftellation, ibid. Meaning of this fable 325 
+Oriygiay why the illand JDelos was called by that 
+name T30 
+
+Ofciilay fmall images of Bacchus hung on trees .while 
+his feftivals were folemnizinjg - 68 
+
+Ofcophoridy facrifices to Bacchus ^ 67 
+
+Ofiris. king of the Argives, his parentage, 352. Quits 
+his kingdom and travels into Egypt, w’here he 
+marries lo yibid. Killed by his brother Typhon,and 
+is tranflated among the Gods, ibid. By many 
+thought to be the fame with Bacchus 
+OJ)ilagQy: 2 i tutelar Goddefs to new-born infants 286 
+
+Qthus-) one of the Giants that warred againft heaven 263 
+
+F#$n 9 . 
+
+
+
+INDEX. 
+
+
+3/7 
+
+
+
+JOJEsdN, Phoebus , Pythias, names of Apollo 
+PaSloltts, a river whole fand is golden 
+Palcemon , one of the fea Gods, 236. The 
+with Melicerta 
+
+
+fam 
+
+
+8 
+
+366 
+
+& 
+
+ibid. 
+
+
+Palcncfs . Pallor , worfhipped as a God 35 T > 35 2 
+
+Pales , the Goddefs of fhepherds 2t6 
+
+Palilia, or Parila , facrifices offered up to Pales, ibid. 
+Pallas , one of the names of Minerva 99 
+
+Palladium, an image cf Minerva that fell from hea¬ 
+ven ibid. 
+
+
+Pallaniias, one of the names of Aurora 334 
+
+the chief of the rural Gods, 195. His defeent, 196 
+'I'he defeription of his image, ibid. The meaning of 
+the fable of Pan, 197. His a<EHons and inventions ibid * 
+Panic Fears , what they are, and whence fo called 397 
+Pandora , the firlt of women-kind, made by Vulcan 357 
+Her box, ibid\ The mifehiefs that came from 
+
+
+thence on Mankind 3 3 7 
+
+Pantheon , its defeription X 
+
+Papbia , a title of Venus 113 
+
+Parcce , why the Fates fo called 255 
+
+
+Paris , his defeent and biith, 120. Determines who is 
+the moft beautiful of Juno, Minerva, and Venus, izi 
+Runs away with Helena, the faireft woman that 
+ever was, who had been betrothed to Menelaus, ibid* 
+This occafions the war between the Greeks and 
+
+
+Trojans, which concludes in the deftru<SHon of 
+Troy, after which Paris was killed by Pftilodletes 1 22 
+ParnaJJides , the Mufes fo called 1 89 
+
+Parthenos, Parthenia , Perfedla, Populama, Populona ,. 
+
+and Pronuba, names and titles of Juno 93, 94 
+
+Parlhenope , one of the Sirens 237 
+
+Parcunda , or Percunda , one of the nuptial Goddeffes 282 
+Pajiph<e falls in love with a bull, and brings forth 
+the Minotaur, 49. The meaning of this fable ibid* 
+Paftthea , one of Cybele’s names i*]l 
+
+Pajithoe, one of the daughters of Atlas, turned into 
+a liar 1 3 22 
+
+Patelina, one of the Goddefies of corn 227- 
+
+pQtellarii Dii 9 Gods of the lower order and rank &- 
+
+Patulci'as^ 
+
+
+
+INDEX. 
+
+
+378 
+
+
+5 12 - 
+
+
+o 
+
+0 °* 
+
+
+270 
+
+ibid . 
+
+
+33'3 
+69 
+
+
+Patulcius , or Patulacius , one of the names of Janus x ^ 
+Paventia , a tutelar Goddefs of infants 280 
+
+Pavor worfhipped as a God 3^2 
+
+Peace worfhipped as a Goddefs 342 
+
+Pcgafus, the Mufes liovfe, his birth and defcription, 
+
+Is caught and rode upon by Bellerophon, 
+313. Is placed in heaven among the liars 313 
+Peg abides , the Mufes fo called 
+Pelias , his daughters pull him to pieces 
+Pel/onia, a tutelar Goddefs to adult perfons 287 
+
+Penates, houfehold Gods, 274. Three ranks of them 27 ^ 
+Penates fometimes- limply taken for an houfe 
+Defcription of their images 
+Penelope , the wife of Ulyffes, a mofl remarkable' 
+ample of chaflity 
+
+Pantheus torn to. pieces by his mother and lifters 
+Pcrfa , a tree dedicated to Harpocrates the God of 
+Silence 352 
+
+Perfeus , his defeent, 310. Receives prefentsfromthe 
+Gods, 311. Saves Andromeda from the fea-mon- 
+11 er, and marries her, ibid. Conquers the Gorgous> 
+ftrikes off Medufa’s head, and therewith turns At¬ 
+las into a rock. At length he, Andromeda, and 
+his mother Cafftopeia, are made conftellations 312 
+Pcric/imenus, one that could transform himfelf into 
+• any lhape, 234. Killed by Hercules in the ftiape 
+of a-fly ibid* 
+
+PeJjinuntia , a Goddefs whole image was only a fliape- 
+lefs lione, 113. One of the names of Cybele 174 
+Phtfdra folicits her ion Hippolytus to wickcdnefs, 
+but in vain 305 
+
+Phaeton , the fon of Sol, obtains leave to drive the 
+chariot of the fun for one day, 47. Overthrows it, 
+and thereby fets on-fire the heavens-and the earth 
+Is by Jupiter It ruck dead for it by thunder into 
+• the river Po, ibid. His lifters turned into poplar- 
+trees, ibid. The meaning of this fable ibid. 
+
+Phalli , images fet up in honour of Bacchus 7 2 
+
+Pha!lu\. one of the names of Priapus 2 Cf 
+
+Phallic a , feafts In honour of Bacchus 7- 
+
+Pbamvus , one of Apollo’s names 36 
+
+Pbilammon , a famous lutanifi: 214 
+
+Phlegcthofly 
+
+
+*8 
+
+
+
+I N D E X. 
+
+
+3 7F 
+
+
+Phlegethon, or Pcriph/egethon , one of the infernal 
+
+■ ‘ / 
+
+
+rivers 
+
+
+Phleyyas burns the temple of Apollo, and is re 
+markably puniihed for it in hell 
+Phorcus , or Phorcys , one of Neptune’s fons 
+Phofphones', the mo min e liar 
+
+Piccus Pncr y the title of Harpocrates the Ood of 
+
+
+247 ' 
+
+264: 
+232 
+
+323 
+
+
+Silence 
+
+Picutnnus , a rural God 
+
+Pie rules, or Pieria , the Mufes fo called 
+
+Piety worihipped as a Goddefs 
+
+Pilumnus one of the Gods of corn, 228. A. tutelar 
+
+
+God of breeding women 
+
+Perithous , the intimate friend to Thefeus, torn to 
+
+
+oho 
+
+227 
+
+389- 
+
+339 
+
+* 
+
+2S3 
+
+
+3°4 
+23> 24 
+8 
+
+Wh y 
+
+ihuL 
+
+
+321 
+
+ibid. 
+
+
+pieces by Cerberus 3°4. 
+
+Pijlot *, P/uviusPrudator, names of Jupiter 23, 24 
+Plcbcii Dii, Gods of the lowed order 8 
+
+Pleiades- feven daughters of Atlas, 322. Why 
+they had this name ibid 1 
+
+Plcione , the wife of Atlas 321 
+
+Pleocaris , one of the daughters of Atlas ibid. 
+
+Pluto , the king of hell, deferibed, 248. Steals away 
+Proferpine, 248, 252. His feveral names, 249 
+His office and power 25O' 
+
+Plulus , the God of riches, deferibed 251. 
+
+Podohrius , the fon of ./Efculapius 316- 
+
+Fceru 7, accounted a Deity by the Ethopians 2S9 
+
+Pollux and Cajlor , twins, their birth, 306. Their ac¬ 
+tions, 307. They (hare immortality between 
+them, and are made the conftcllation Gemini 30S 
+Polyhymnia , Po/jmnia , or* Polymncia, one of the 
+Mufes 1 38 
+
+Pvlynices and Eteocler, two brothers who killed each 
+other, 272. An inflance of their itreconcileable 
+hatred ibid', 
+
+Polyphemus , the fon of Neptune, a great robber 160 
+Po/yxena marries Achilles, and alter his death is fa- 
+crificed to appeafe his ghoft 327. 
+
+Pomona, the Goddefs of fruits, 219. Courted and 
+married by Vertumnus 220 
+
+Pontja.j one of the titles of Venus 112 
+
+Porta 
+
+
+« 
+
+
+
+3 So 
+
+
+I N X> £ X. 
+
+
+Porta Libltina , a gate at .Rome through which fu¬ 
+nerals pa fled 
+
+Porthmcus and Portltor , names of Charon 
+Portumnus , one of the fea Gods, the fame with Pa- 
+
+
+290 
+
+O A 
+
+
+236. 
+
+
+2 30 
+
+2 1 ^ 
+
+285 
+
+352 
+
+2 N I 
+
+
+200 
+
+
+Icsawn 
+
+Pofeidon . one'of Neptune^s names 
+Potamidcs , Nymphs of the rivers 
+Potina. a tutelar Goddefs to new-born infants ' 
+
+Poverty worlhipped as a Goddefs 
+Prcetic/iina , one of Fortune’s titles 
+Prcc/liles , the fame with Genii , the guardian-angels 
+of mankind 
+
+Priapnr, the God of the gardens, a defcriptlon of 
+his image, 2.Q4. His birth and deformity, /£/</. 
+One of the nuptial Gods 2$2 
+
+Primiginea and Private, names and titles of Fortune 351 
+Procr'iSy married to Cephalas, 134, Killed by him 
+by an accident ibid, 
+
+Prometheus makes a man of clay, and animates him 
+with fire ftolepfrojn heaven, 317. Jupiter punifh- 
+es him remarkably for his theft, 3 1 8. Freed fioxn 
+his punifliment by Hercules, 3x9.. The meaning 
+of this fable ibid 
+
+Prop'etideSy the firft proftitutes, turned into flones 115 
+Propria , a name of Fortune 35 1 
+
+Propyicetiy one of the names of Hecate or Diana 2J£2 
+Projiiy Prorfa , Porrima , PoJIvertay or j 4 ntcv£rta y a 
+tutelar Goddefs to women in labour 284 
+
+Proferpinay one of the. GoddefFes-.of corn, 227. Her 
+defeent, 251* How carried away by Pluto, 252. 
+
+Is fought for all over the world with lighted 
+torches by her mother Ceres, 253.. "Who obtains 
+from Jupiter that Proferpina fhall be fix months 
+with Pluto, and the other fix with her in the hea¬ 
+vens, ibid. The meaning of this fable 254 
+
+Proteus , the fon of Neptune, one that could tranf- 
+form himfelf into any fliape 233 
+
+Plutatitii Diiy Gods of an inferior rank' and order 7 
+Pygmalion falls in love with an ivory ftafcue, which, 
+when turned into a woman, he marries 115, 
+Bytqdes and Orejles , mofl: intimate friends 309 
+
+Pylotos } one. of the titles of Minerva 103 
+
+Pyramids. 
+
+
+
+INDEX. 
+
+
+38: 
+
+
+
+
+'Pyramids of Egypt, one of the feven wondeis of the 
+world 46 
+
+Py ramus and * Thijbe , the moft unfortunate lovers, 
+tlieir'deaths 116—119 
+
+Pyrrba , the wife of Deucalion 319 
+
+Pyrrhus killed by Grcftcs for marrying Herraione 3C9 
+Pytbo, one of the Daughters of Atlas 321 
+
+CL 
+
+( *\UADRIFRONS, a name fometimes given to Ja- 
+
+nus 149—150 
+
+Quies, a tutelar Goddefs to adult perfons 287 
+
+Quietus, one of the names of Pluto 2^0 
+
+^uirinus, a title of Jupiter, 24 } and of Mars, 80 5 
+and alfo of Romulus ibid\ 
+
+R 
+
+jp APIONES Lib/timr, an account of the dead, not 
+
+unlike our weekly bill, or bill of mortality 290 
+ReSlus, one of Bacchus’s titles 64 
+
+Re dux, one of the titles of Fortune 351 
+
+Regia, a title of Fortune 349 
+
+Regina, a title of Juno 94 
+
+Rex , Regnator, titles of Jupiter " 24 
+
+Rhadamanthus, one of the infernal judges 259 
+
+Rhamnupa, the fame with Nemejis, one of the God- 
+deffes of juftice 194 
+
+Rhea, one of the names of Cybele 171 
+
+Ride ns, one of the titles of Venus hi 
+
+Robigus, one of the Gods of corn 227 
+
+Rumina , one of the tutelar Goddefles to new-born 
+infants' 285 
+
+Ruminus, one of Jupiter’s titles 23 
+
+Runcina, a Goddefs of gardening 226 
+
+Rural Gods and Goddefles 195 
+
+Rufina, one of the rural Deities 226 
+
+S. 
+
+QABAZIA, myfterious rites in the folemnities of 
+
+Proferpina 252 
+
+Salacia , one of Neptune’s wives 230 
+
+Said, priefts of Mars 81 
+
+Sa/ifubfulus, one of Mars’s titles 80 
+
+Salmoneus imitates Jupiter’s thunder, for which he 
+undergoes a fevere punifhment in hell 264, 265 
+
+' Salus, 
+
+
+
+I N D E X. 
+
+
+-to 
+
+
+The 
+
+
+■r G1 
+
+
+au- 
+
+
+Salus, Health, worfnipped as a Goddefs 343 
+
+or Hyg'cva the daughter of AELfculapius 316 
+Sator and Sarrztor , rural Gods 2'2*j 
+
+Satyrs, the fame with Sileiti, the priefts of Bacchus 66 
+A defeription of the Satyrs 202 
+
+Saturn , his image deferibed, 138. His family and 
+actions, ibid. Devours all his male children, ibid. 
+Taken prifoner by Titan, but fet at liberty by Ju¬ 
+piter, '139. Afterwards, for his ingratitude, de- 
+pofed by Jupiter, and dies into Italy, ibid. The 
+firft that reduced the Satyrs to civil fociety, 14G. 
+Sacrifices offered to him, ‘142,• 143. The hiilo- 
+rical meaning of the fable of Saturn, 1*44. 
+philofophical meaning of it 147 
+
+Saturnalia , feflivals in honour of Saturn 142 
+
+■Scoteia, a title-of Venus 112 
+
+Scyl/a , the daughter of Phorcus, courted by 
+
+cus, and turned by Circe, her rival, into a rock, 
+239, 240. Into a fea-monfter * 49 
+
+Sryl/a, the daughter of Nifus, ruins her country by 
+cutting off her father’s-purple lock of hair, 240. 
+And is turned into -a Park ibid\ 
+
+Scyl/a and Cbarybdis, the meaning of that fable 241 
+Securis, why the fpear was fo named 8o 
+
+Sei and Segetia , GoddeiTes of corn 226 
+
+Selecii Dii , the Supreme Gods __ 6 
+
+Semele deftroyed by Jupiter’s embraces 59, 60 
+
+Semanes Dii , Gods of the loweil order and rank 8 
+Senjes or Mens , worihipped as-a Goddeis .341 
+
+Setitia , a tutelar Goddefs to infants 288 
+
+Sera/>is, or Sorci/is , an Egyptian God* the fame with 
+Apis, 333. Where, and in what manner w'Or- 
+
+• flapped # 334 
+
+Servator, Safer , Stator, Stab i/it or, names and titles of 
+Jupiter _ _ 23, 24 
+
+Silence , the God and Goddeffes of it worfhipped by 
+the Romans 35 2 
+
+Silcnus , Bacchus’s companion, deferibed 201 
+
+Sirens, fea-monffers, a defeription of them', 237. O- 
+vercomc by Orpheus, and turned into llones, 238 
+-The explication of this fable of the Sirens 241 
+
+Sifc/huS) 
+
+
+
+I N D E X. 
+
+
+o ® s* 
+
+
+w 
+
+o 
+
+93 
+
+
+c 
+
+
+liow puihihed in hell for his notorious rob¬ 
+beries 2 ~6 
+
+Socigcna, one of J-uno’s titles 
+Sul, one of Apollo’s names 36 
+
+Scsinus, the God of ilecp, deferibed 259, 260 
+
+Sphinx propounds a riddle, which Oedipus refolvcs, 
+270. IDeftroys hcrfelf ibid. 
+
+Apulia Opima , thofe fpoils which, in battle, one Ge¬ 
+neral takes from another 20, 21 
+
+Stalo, or Statna Mater , a tutelar Goddefs to adult 
+perfoils 288 
+
+State, one of the titles of Fortune 351 
+
+Statani/s, or Siciilinus, a tutelar Goddefs to infants 286 
+Siallio turned into an evet or newt 383 
+
+Stercjitus , S*li rent ins, Sterculius, or Sterquilius, a ru¬ 
+ral God, whofiriL taught how to improve ground 
+by dungkig it 227 
+
+'Stercufius, one of the names of Saturn 141 
+
+Stbeno, one of the Gorgons 268 
+
+Sthenob'x.i endeavours to entice Bcllerophon to adulte¬ 
+ry, but is rejecled, 313, and therefore kills herfelf ibid\ 
+Slimula and Siren ua, tutelar GoddeiTesto adult perfons 287 
+Sivmphalities , birds that feed on human fleili, dc- 
+Aroyed by Hercules 296 
+
+Styx, one of the infernal rivers 246 
+
+Suada , one of the nuptial Goddefles '281 
+
+Sue a Ice, the daughters of Atlas called alio Ilyadcs 323 
+Sutnmanus, a name of Pluto 25c 
+
+Sun, why called Sol in Latin, 43 ; and by the Per- 
+fians Mil hr a , ibid. By the Egyptians named Ho - 
+rus , 44. His defeent, 43. His amours 
+
+one of the Gods of the woods 
+Synthejis, a cloak worn only by gentlemen 
+6’>’ » j* .• See Siren s . 
+
+flies from Pan, and is turned into a bundle 
+
+
+44 
+
+200 
+
+3 43 
+
+
+of reed 
+
+
+s 
+
+
+T 
+
+
+3 S3 
+
+
+IT, one of the Godd^ffes of Silence 352 
+
+Tantalus kills and d relies his own fon Pelops, 
+266.. His punifliment for it'in hell, ibid . The 
+meaning cf this fable ' 267 
+
+Tauriceps , 
+
+
+
+INDEX. 
+
+
+3 8 4 
+
+
+Gt 
+
+S2I 
+
+176 
+
+ibid. 
+
+
+85 
+
+
+Tauriceps Tavr/formis, names of Bacchus 
+Toygete^ one of the daughters of Atlafc 
+4 Te/cbines , priefts of Cybele 
+4 Tetegonus , the ion of Clydes by Penelope 
+
+< Telcthufa y the mother of Iphis 33.4 
+
+Tetnpcjias worihipped as a Goddefs 252 
+
+Tereus marries Progne,and falls in love with herfifter 
+Philomela, 83. Debauches her on the road, and to 
+prevent difco very cuts outlier tongue, ibid. She in¬ 
+forms Progne of his villany by needle work, ibid. 
+Progne, to revenge this injury, drefles Itys, and 
+makes his father Tereus feed on him for fupper, 
+
+84. Progne is hereupon turned into a fwallow, 
+Philomela into a nightingale, Terms into a whoo- 
+poo, and ltys into a pheafant 
+? erminus, one of the rural Gods, 206. A deferip- 
+tionof his image, 207. His facrifices called Tcr- 
+tnina/ia ibid. 
+
+*TerpJichore , one of the Mufes 188 
+
+Terrcjlrial Gods and GoddeiTes, their names 137 
+
+4 Terr c/I,rial Ny m phs 221 
+
+Thalia, one of the Graces, 125. Alfo one of the 
+Mufes 188 
+
+Theodainas killed by Hercules. 299 
+
+Thefeus , his parentage, 303. His intimate friendfhip 
+with Pirithous, 304. Goes to hell, and returns fafe 
+from thence, ibid. His other adventures, 30 j, 3°6 
+Thcfmophoria^S acridces offered to Ceres 184 
+
+Tbijbe and FyramuSy two moil unfortunate lovers, 
+their dory 116 
+
+Thydes , Bacchus’s companions, 60. His nymphs 223 
+Thyas, king of Taurica Cherfonefus, killed by his 
+fubjedls 310 
+
+Thyonceus and Trtumphus , names of Bacchus 64 
+
+Tigellus , Tonans y Tonitrualis, Trioculus, and Trioph- 
+thalmus , names and titles given to Jupiter 23, 25 
+Tirefeas, how he came to lofe his fight, -ioo. He is 
+amply made amends for that lofs by receiving the 
+. gift of prophecy tbid. 
+
+Tifiphone , one of the Furies .256 
+
+titans make war onTupitur, and arefubdued 263 
+
+Tithonus y 
+
+
+
+I N D E X. 
+
+
+2S4 
+
+
+iSz 
+
+39 
+
+*35 
+
+ior 
+
+213 
+
+
+299 
+
+34 * 
+
+228 
+
+3 2r 
+
+3°7 
+
+
+* 
+
+Tithonus marries Aurora, obtains immortality, but 
+growing extremely weak and decrepid, is at laft 
+turned into a grafshopper • 134, *3$ 
+
+Tityus , one of the Giants that warred againft hea¬ 
+ven 263 
+
+Trieterica , facrifices to Bacchus 67 
+
+Triformis , or Tcrgejnina , titles of Diana 2O9 
+
+Triptolemus educated by Ceres, who every night co¬ 
+vered him with fire, 181 • Sent by her to teach 
+men the ufe and improvement of corn 
+Tripos in Apollo’s temple 
+Triton , Neptune’s foil, defcribed 
+V ritonia , one of the names of Minerva 
+Trivia , one of the names of Hecate or Diana 
+tTroy, the walls of it built by the mufic of Apollo’s 
+harp, 32. Deftroyed by Hercules 
+Truth worfliipped as a Goddefs 
+Tutelina , or Tutulina , one of the Goddefles of corn 
+Tycbe, one of the daughters of Atlas 
+Tyndaris , one of Helena’s names 
+Tyndaridce , the children of Tyndarus $ Helena, Cly- 
+temneftra, Caflor, and Pollux ibid 
+
+Typhous, or Typhon 7 one of the Giants that warred 
+again It heaven 261 
+
+V 
+
+7 y~j 4 CUNd? 7 a tutelar Goddefs to adult perfons 287 
+* Vagitanus , or Vaticanus , a tutelar God to new¬ 
+born infants 185 
+
+Va//onia % the Goddefs of the valleys 226 
+
+Vejovis , Vejupiter, Vedias , names given to Jupiter 25 
+
+Venetia 7 one of Neptune’s‘wives 230 
+
+Venus , her image defcribed, 107. Her defcent, 109- 
+And marriage, 110. Her feveral names, ibid. Her 
+A&ions, 114. Her companions, 122. One of the 
+nuptial Goddefles, 281. An explanation of the 
+fable of Venus 126 
+
+Vergilice, feven of the daughters of Atlas, called Plei¬ 
+ades 
+
+Verticordia , a title of Venus 114 
+
+Vertumnus courts and obtains Pomona, 219, 220. 
+
+Can transform himfelf into any fhape 233 
+
+Vefcii Diij Gods of the loweft rank and order 8 
+
+K Ve/per, 
+
+
+
+
+I N D E X. 
+
+
+5386 
+
+
+l^efper, or Vefperugo , the brother of Atlas, turned 
+into the eve run g-ft a r 328 
+
+'■VeJIa the Elder, the oldeft of the Goddefies, 166, 
+
+A defcription of her image, 167. She is the fame 
+with the Earth. ibid\ 
+
+'VeJIa the Vounger, the fame with the element Fire, 
+ibid\ Explanation of the fable of Vefta 160 
+
+VeJIa, why round tables were fo called 168 
+
+VtJIal Fire , how preserved perpetually among the 
+Romans 167 
+
+Yibilia, a tutelar Goddefs to adult perfons 287 
+
+Vines firft: planted by Bacchus, 65’. The art of prun- 
+
+ibiii. 
+
+
+352 
+
+
+to 
+
+
+34 1 
+282 
+
+3 Si 
+282 
+
+3 
+
+3 5 ‘ 
+
+287 
+
+
+238. His va- 
+
+
+ing them fir ft taught by an a fs 
+.Violence worfhipped as a Goddefs 
+Virginia , daughter of Aulus, dedicates an altar 
+Pudicitia Plebeia 
+
+Viriplaca , one of the Nuptial GoddefTes 
+■Virgo, one of the titles of Fortune 
+VirginenJis , one of the nuptial Goddefies 
+Virilis , one of the titles of Fortune 
+Virtue wonhipped as a Goddefs 
+. Vijcata, or Vifcofa , one of the titles of Fortune 
+Vi tula, a tutelar Goddefs to adult perfons 
+XJlyJfes, hisdefcent, his marriage with Penelope, 327. 
+Preferves himfelf from the Sirens, 
+rious adventures 328 et fee. 
+
+'UnJerJla tiding worfhipped as a Goddefs 341 
+
+Unxia , one of the.titles of Juno 9 j. 
+
+Volumnus and Vulumna , tutelar Deities to adult per¬ 
+fons 2SS 
+
+Volupia, a tutelar Goddefs to adult perfons 2S7 
+
+Vo/ujia , one of the Goddefies of corn 227 
+
+Urania , one of the Mufes 189 
+
+Vulcan, a defcription of him, 155. His birth andde- 
+feent, 1 56. His employment ibid. Courts Miner¬ 
+va, but is rejedled j marries Venus, who is falfe to 
+his bed, ibid . Makes the firft woman, who is called 
+Pandora, 157. His children, 159. His fervants, 
+138. The fignification of the fable of Vulcan 16,1 
+
+Yulcania 3 fealts celebrated in honour of Vulcan 157 
+
+
+
+3^7 
+
+
+INDEX. 
+
+
+W. 
+
+JjrALLS of Baby! on one of the wonders of the 
+rr world 46 
+
+Wonders of the World, feven particularly fo called 45 
+Wife Men of Greece, their names and characters 40, 41 
+
+X. 
+
+~\ 7 ~ANTHUS, one of the horfes of Achilles, his 
+-A defeent* 
+
+Xenia , all prefents made to ft rangers called fo 
+
+Z. 
+
+r-f AGREUS, one of the names of Bacchus 
+dZ-J Zephyr us, his defeent 
+Zeus } one of Jupiter’s names 
+
+
+268 
+
+26 
+
+
+70 
+
+26S 
+
+
+2-J 
+
+
+
+
+