---
license: mit
datasets:
- stanfordnlp/SHP
language:
- en
metrics:
- accuracy
tags:
- human feedback
- rlhf
- preferences
- reddit
- preference model
- RL
---

# SteamSHP

<!-- Provide a quick summary of what the model is/does. -->

SteamSHP is a preference model trained to predict human preferences, given some context and two possible responses.
It can be used for NLG evaluation or to train a smaller reward model for RLHF.

It is a FLAN-T5-xl model (3B parameters) finetuned on:
1. The [Stanford Human Preferences Dataset (SHP)](https://huggingface.co/datasets/stanfordnlp/SHP), which contains aggregate human preferences sourced from 18 different communities on Reddit (e.g., `askculinary`, `legaladvice`, etc.)
2. The helpfulness data in [Anthropic's HH-RLHF](https://huggingface.co/datasets/Anthropic/hh-rlhf) dataset.

## Training and Evaluation

SteamSHP was only finetuned on 125K of the 392K training examples that were available, since we found that:
1. When the total input length exceeded the limit (512 tokens), the loss would not converge.
   When possible, we crammed an example into 500 tokens by truncating the context as much as possible, though some examples would still not fit.
2. Training on fewer preferences with a stronger signal led to better performance than training on all the preferences.
   From the SHP dataset, we only used preferences where the more preferred comment was twice as preferred as the other (i.e., `score_ratio` >= 2) and used no more than 5 preferences from each context (i.e., `post_id`) to prevent ovefitting.
   
We evaluated the model on the SHP and HH-RLHF test data using accuracies, but only on the data that could be truncated to fit within 500 tokens (a total of 18621 examples).
SteamSHP gets an average 72.8% accuracy across all domains:

| Domain | Accuracy |
| ------ | -------- |
| askculinary | 0.7199 |
| askhr | 0.7743 |
| askdocs | 0.7210 |
| askanthropology | 0.7594 |
| asksciencefiction | 0.7283 |
| askacademia | 0.7442 |
| askengineers | 0.7183 |
| legaladvice | 0.8068 |
| explainlikeimfive | 0.7392 |
| askbaking | 0.6741 |
| askphysics | 0.8000 |
| askscience | 0.7114 |
| askphilosophy | 0.6907 |
| askvet | 0.7742 |
| changemyview | 0.7043 |
| askcarguys | 0.7568 |
| askhistorians | 0.7476 |
| asksocialscience | 0.7308 |
| anthropic (helpfulness) | 0.7310 |
| ALL | 0.7278 |

## Usage

Here's how to load the model:

```python

from transformers import T5ForConditionalGeneration, T5Tokenizer

tokenizer = T5Tokenizer.from_pretrained('stanfordnlp/SteamSHP-preference-model')
model = T5ForConditionalGeneration.from_pretrained('stanfordnlp/SteamSHP-preference-model')
```

The input text should be of the format:

```
POST: { the context, such as the 'history' column in SHP }

RESPONSE A: { first possible continuation }

RESPONSE B: { second possible continuation }

Which response is better? RESPONSE
```

The output generated by SteamSHP will either be `A` or `B`.

If the input exceeds the 512 token limit, you can use [pybsd](https://github.com/nipunsadvilkar/pySBD) to break the input up into sentences and only include that fits into 512 tokens.


### Biases and Limitations

Biases in the datasets used to train SteamSHP may be propagated downstream to the model predictions.
Although SHP filtered out posts with NSFW (over 18) content, chose subreddits that were well-moderated and had policies against harassment and bigotry, some of the data may contain discriminatory or harmful language.
Reddit users on the subreddits covered by SHP are also not representative of the broader population. They are disproportionately from developed, Western, and English-speaking countries. 

It is also worth noting that the more preferred response in SHP or HH-RLHF is not necessarily the more correct one -- they just reflect a preference.
[Past work](https://www.anthropic.com/model-written-evals.pdf) by Anthropic has found that models optimized for human preference can be obsequious, at the expense of the truth.


## Contact

Please contact kawin@stanford.edu if you have any questions about the model.
This dataset was created by Kawin Ethayarajh, Heidi (Chenyu) Zhang, Yizhong Wang, and Dan Jurafsky.


## Citation

We will have a paper out soon, but until then, please cite:

```
@online{SHP,
  author = {Ethayarajh, Kawin and Zhang, Heidi and Wang, Yizhong and Jurafsky, Dan},
  title = {Stanford Human Preferences Dataset},
  year = 2023,
  url = {https://huggingface.co/datasets/stanfordnlp/SHP},
}
```