--- language: - en datasets: - tiiuae/falcon-refinedweb - HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu license: other license_name: falcon-mamba-7b-license license_link: https://falconllm.tii.ae/falcon-mamba-7b-terms-and-conditions.html --- drawing # Table of Contents 0. [TL;DR](#TL;DR) 1. [Model Details](#model-details) 2. [Usage](#usage) 3. [Training Details](#training-details) 4. [Evaluation](#evaluation) Falcon Mamba 7B - pre-decay checkpoint for continuous pretraining. Paper link: https://hf.co/papers/2410.05355 # TL;DR # Model Details ## Model Description - **Developed by:** [https://www.tii.ae](https://www.tii.ae) - **Model type:** Causal decoder-only - **Architecture:** Mamba - **Language(s) (NLP):** Mainly English - **License:** TII Falcon-Mamba License 2.0
# Usage Find below some example scripts on how to use the model in `transformers` (Make sure to have the latest transformers, or the one built from source): ## Using the Pytorch model ### Running the model on a CPU
Click to expand ```python from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForCausalLM tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("tiiuae/falcon-mamba-7b-pre-decay") model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained("tiiuae/falcon-mamba-7b-pre-decay") input_text = "Question: How many hours in one day? Answer: " input_ids = tokenizer(input_text, return_tensors="pt").input_ids outputs = model.generate(input_ids) print(tokenizer.decode(outputs[0])) ```
### Running the model on a GPU
Click to expand ```python # pip install accelerate from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForCausalLM tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("tiiuae/falcon-mamba-7b-pre-decay") model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained("tiiuae/falcon-mamba-7b-pre-decay", device_map="auto") input_text = "Question: How many hours in one day? Answer: " input_ids = tokenizer(input_text, return_tensors="pt").input_ids.to("cuda") outputs = model.generate(input_ids) print(tokenizer.decode(outputs[0])) ```
### Running the model on a GPU using `torch.compile`
Click to expand ```python import torch from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForCausalLM tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("tiiuae/falcon-mamba-7b-pre-decay") model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained("tiiuae/falcon-mamba-7b-pre-decay", torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16).to(0) model = torch.compile(model) input_text = "Question: How many hours in one day? Answer: " input_ids = tokenizer(input_text, return_tensors="pt").input_ids.to("cuda") outputs = model.generate(input_ids) print(tokenizer.decode(outputs[0])) ```
### Running the model on a GPU using different precisions #### FP16
Click to expand ```python # pip install accelerate import torch from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForCausalLM tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("tiiuae/falcon-mamba-7b-pre-decay") model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained("tiiuae/falcon-mamba-7b-pre-decay", device_map="auto", torch_dtype=torch.float16) input_text = "Question: How many hours in one day? Answer: " input_ids = tokenizer(input_text, return_tensors="pt").input_ids.to("cuda") outputs = model.generate(input_ids) print(tokenizer.decode(outputs[0])) ```
#### 4-bit
Click to expand ```python # pip install bitsandbytes accelerate from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForCausalLM, BitsAndBytesConfig tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("tiiuae/falcon-mamba-7b-pre-decay") model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained("tiiuae/falcon-mamba-7b-pre-decay", device_map="auto", quantization_config=BitsAndBytesConfig(load_in_4bit=True)) input_text = "Question: How many hours in one day? Answer: " input_ids = tokenizer(input_text, return_tensors="pt").input_ids.to("cuda") outputs = model.generate(input_ids) print(tokenizer.decode(outputs[0])) ```

# Training Details ## Training Data Falcon-Mamba has been trained with ~ 5,500 GT mainly coming from [Refined-Web](https://huggingface.co/datasets/tiiuae/falcon-refinedweb), a large volume web-only dataset filtered and deduplicated. Similar to the others [Falcon](https://huggingface.co/tiiuae/falcon-11B) suite models, Falcon-Mamba has been trained leveraging a multi-stage training strategy to increase the context-length from 2,048 to 8,192. Moreover, inspired by the concept of Curriculum Learning, we carefully selected data mixtures throughout the training stages, considering both data diversity and complexity. Note that at inference the context-length is not relevant as the Mamba architecture has no limit on long range dependency. At the last training stage, small portion of high-quality curated data was used to further enhance performance. Overall, the data sources included RefinedWeb-English, high quality technical data, code data and math data extracted from public sources. In particular, we used samples coming from [Fineweb-edu](https://huggingface.co/datasets/HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu) during our last training stage. The data was tokenized with the Falcon-[7B](https://huggingface.co/tiiuae/falcon-7B)/[11B](https://huggingface.co/tiiuae/falcon-11B) tokenizer. ## Training Procedure Falcon-Mamba-7B was trained on 256 H100 80GB GPUs for the majority of the training, using a 3D parallelism strategy (TP=1, PP=1, DP=256) combined with ZeRO. ### Training Hyperparameters | **Hyperparameter** | **Value** | **Comment** | |--------------------|------------|-------------------------------------------| | Precision | `bfloat16` | | | Optimizer | AdamW | | | Max learning rate | 6.4e-4 | Following a WSD (warmup-stable-decay) learning rate schedule | | Weight decay | 1e-1 | | | Batch size | 2048 | | The model was trained AdamW optimizer, WSD (warmup-stable-decay) learning rate schedule, and a batch size rampup from \\(b_{\mathrm{min}}=128\\) to \\(b_{\mathrm{max}}=2048\\) during first 50 GT of training. In the stable phase we used maximal learning rate \\(\eta_{\mathrm{max}}=6.4 \times 10^{-4}\\), and decayed it to the minimal value \\(\eta_{\mathrm{min}}=\frac{\eta_{\mathrm{max}}}{256}\\) with exponential schedule over 500 GT. Also, we applied *BatchScaling* during the rampup — rescaling learning rate \\(\eta\\) so that the Adam noise temperature \\(T_{\mathrm{noise}}\equiv\frac{\eta}{\sqrt{b}}\\) is kept constant. ### Speeds, Sizes, Times The model training took roughly two months.
# Evaluation ## Throughput This model can achieve comparable throughput and performance compared to other transformer based models that use optimized kernels such as Flash Attention 2. Make sure to install the optimized Mamba kernels with the following commands: ```bash pip install "causal-conv1d>=1.4.0" mamba-ssm ``` Refer to our [FalconMamba blogpost](https://huggingface.co/blog/falconmamba) for more details about performance evaluation.
# Technical Specifications ## Model Architecture and Objective Falcon-Mamba-7B is a causal decoder-only model trained on a causal language modeling task (i.e., predict the next token). The model is based on the Mamba architecture ([Gu et al., 2023](https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.00752)). | **Hyperparameter** | **Value** | **Comment** | |--------------------|-----------|----------------------------------------| | Layers | 64 | Number of layers | | `d_model` | 4096 | Hidden dimension | | `d_state` | 16 | The SSM state dimension | | Vocabulary | 65024 | Vocabulary Size | | Sequence length | 8192 | During the last training stages | ## Compute Infrastructure ### Hardware Falcon-Mamba-7B was trained on AWS SageMaker, using on average 256 H100 80GB GPUs in 32 p5 instances. ### Software Falcon-Mamba-7B was trained on an internal distributed training codebase, Gigatron. It uses a 3D parallelism approach combined with ZeRO, high-performance Triton kernels.
# Citation ``` @misc{zuo2024falconmambacompetitiveattentionfree, title={Falcon Mamba: The First Competitive Attention-free 7B Language Model}, author={Jingwei Zuo and Maksim Velikanov and Dhia Eddine Rhaiem and Ilyas Chahed and Younes Belkada and Guillaume Kunsch and Hakim Hacid}, year={2024}, eprint={2410.05355}, archivePrefix={arXiv}, primaryClass={cs.CL}, url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.05355}, } ```