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	---
	language: []
	library_name: sentence-transformers
	tags:
	- sentence-transformers
	- sentence-similarity
	- feature-extraction
	- generated_from_trainer
	- dataset_size:2054
	- loss:ContrastiveLoss
	base_model: intfloat/multilingual-e5-large
	datasets: []
	widget:
	- source_sentence: 2021 parliament elections
	sentences:
	- Wolaita people
	- 2023 General Elections
	- government forces
	- source_sentence: Atiku Abubakar
	sentences:
	- president of Nigeria
	- military juntas
	- Federal Government
	- source_sentence: Election
	sentences:
	- Tomorrow's election in Nigeria
	- Election
	- Public hospital
	- source_sentence: Ethiopian government
	sentences:
	- President E.D Mnangagwa
	- Sanction on Ethiopia
	- Dino Melaye
	- source_sentence: International community
	sentences:
	- Real-time vote tallying technology
	- Western interference in Ethiopia
	- International community
	pipeline_tag: sentence-similarity
	---

	# SentenceTransformer based on intfloat/multilingual-e5-large

	This is a [sentence-transformers](https://www.SBERT.net) model finetuned from [intfloat/multilingual-e5-large](https://huggingface.co/intfloat/multilingual-e5-large). It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 1024-dimensional dense vector space and can be used for semantic textual similarity, semantic search, paraphrase mining, text classification, clustering, and more.

	## Model Details

	### Model Description
	- Model Type: Sentence Transformer
	- Base model: [intfloat/multilingual-e5-large](https://huggingface.co/intfloat/multilingual-e5-large) <!-- at revision ab10c1a7f42e74530fe7ae5be82e6d4f11a719eb -->
	- Maximum Sequence Length: 512 tokens
	- Output Dimensionality: 1024 tokens
	- Similarity Function: Cosine Similarity
	<!-- - Training Dataset: Unknown -->
	<!-- - Language: Unknown -->
	<!-- - License: Unknown -->

	### Model Sources

	- Documentation: [Sentence Transformers Documentation](https://sbert.net)
	- Repository: [Sentence Transformers on GitHub](https://github.com/UKPLab/sentence-transformers)
	- Hugging Face: [Sentence Transformers on Hugging Face](https://huggingface.co/models?library=sentence-transformers)

	### Full Model Architecture

	```
	SentenceTransformer(
	(0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 512, 'do_lower_case': False}) with Transformer model: XLMRobertaModel
	(1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 1024, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': True, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_weightedmean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_lasttoken': False, 'include_prompt': True})
	(2): Normalize()
	)
	```

	## Usage

	### Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers)

	First install the Sentence Transformers library:

	```bash
	pip install -U sentence-transformers
	```

	Then you can load this model and run inference.
	```python
	from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer

	# Download from the 🤗 Hub
	model = SentenceTransformer("sentence_transformers_model_id")
	# Run inference
	sentences = [
	'International community',
	'International community',
	'Western interference in Ethiopia',
	]
	embeddings = model.encode(sentences)
	print(embeddings.shape)
	# [3, 1024]

	# Get the similarity scores for the embeddings
	similarities = model.similarity(embeddings, embeddings)
	print(similarities.shape)
	# [3, 3]
	```

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	## Training Details

	### Training Dataset

	#### Unnamed Dataset


	* Size: 2,054 training samples
	* Columns: <code>sentence1</code>, <code>sentence2</code>, and <code>label</code>
	* Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:
	\| \| sentence1 \| sentence2 \| label \|
	\|:--------\|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------\|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------\|:------------------------------------------------\|
	\| type \| string \| string \| int \|
	\| details \| <ul><li>min: 3 tokens</li><li>mean: 5.74 tokens</li><li>max: 18 tokens</li></ul> \| <ul><li>min: 3 tokens</li><li>mean: 5.86 tokens</li><li>max: 18 tokens</li></ul> \| <ul><li>0: ~60.20%</li><li>1: ~39.80%</li></ul> \|
	* Samples:
	\| sentence1 \| sentence2 \| label \|
	\|:-----------------------------------------------\|:------------------------------------\|:---------------\|
	\| <code>Nigerian people</code> \| <code>Nigerian people</code> \| <code>1</code> \|
	\| <code>EFF</code> \| <code>EFF</code> \| <code>1</code> \|
	\| <code>Public strikes and demonstrations</code> \| <code>violent demonstrations</code> \| <code>0</code> \|
	* Loss: [<code>ContrastiveLoss</code>](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/losses.html#contrastiveloss) with these parameters:
	```json
	{
	"distance_metric": "SiameseDistanceMetric.COSINE_DISTANCE",
	"margin": 0.5,
	"size_average": true
	}
	```

	### Evaluation Dataset

	#### Unnamed Dataset


	* Size: 514 evaluation samples
	* Columns: <code>sentence1</code>, <code>sentence2</code>, and <code>label</code>
	* Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:
	\| \| sentence1 \| sentence2 \| label \|
	\|:--------\|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------\|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------\|:------------------------------------------------\|
	\| type \| string \| string \| int \|
	\| details \| <ul><li>min: 3 tokens</li><li>mean: 5.74 tokens</li><li>max: 22 tokens</li></ul> \| <ul><li>min: 3 tokens</li><li>mean: 5.93 tokens</li><li>max: 22 tokens</li></ul> \| <ul><li>0: ~59.92%</li><li>1: ~40.08%</li></ul> \|
	* Samples:
	\| sentence1 \| sentence2 \| label \|
	\|:------------------------------------------\|:------------------------------------------\|:---------------\|
	\| <code>military base in Namibia</code> \| <code>US military bases in Africa</code> \| <code>0</code> \|
	\| <code>Putin's authoritarian regime</code> \| <code>Putin's authoritarian regime</code> \| <code>1</code> \|
	\| <code>Election Day</code> \| <code>Elections</code> \| <code>1</code> \|
	* Loss: [<code>ContrastiveLoss</code>](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/losses.html#contrastiveloss) with these parameters:
	```json
	{
	"distance_metric": "SiameseDistanceMetric.COSINE_DISTANCE",
	"margin": 0.5,
	"size_average": true
	}
	```

	### Training Hyperparameters

	#### All Hyperparameters
	<details><summary>Click to expand</summary>

	- `overwrite_output_dir`: False
	- `do_predict`: False
	- `eval_strategy`: no
	- `prediction_loss_only`: True
	- `per_device_train_batch_size`: 8
	- `per_device_eval_batch_size`: 8
	- `per_gpu_train_batch_size`: None
	- `per_gpu_eval_batch_size`: None
	- `gradient_accumulation_steps`: 1
	- `eval_accumulation_steps`: None
	- `learning_rate`: 5e-05
	- `weight_decay`: 0.0
	- `adam_beta1`: 0.9
	- `adam_beta2`: 0.999
	- `adam_epsilon`: 1e-08
	- `max_grad_norm`: 1.0
	- `num_train_epochs`: 3.0
	- `max_steps`: -1
	- `lr_scheduler_type`: linear
	- `lr_scheduler_kwargs`: {}
	- `warmup_ratio`: 0.0
	- `warmup_steps`: 0
	- `log_level`: passive
	- `log_level_replica`: warning
	- `log_on_each_node`: True
	- `logging_nan_inf_filter`: True
	- `save_safetensors`: True
	- `save_on_each_node`: False
	- `save_only_model`: False
	- `restore_callback_states_from_checkpoint`: False
	- `no_cuda`: False
	- `use_cpu`: False
	- `use_mps_device`: False
	- `seed`: 42
	- `data_seed`: None
	- `jit_mode_eval`: False
	- `use_ipex`: False
	- `bf16`: False
	- `fp16`: False
	- `fp16_opt_level`: O1
	- `half_precision_backend`: auto
	- `bf16_full_eval`: False
	- `fp16_full_eval`: False
	- `tf32`: None
	- `local_rank`: 0
	- `ddp_backend`: None
	- `tpu_num_cores`: None
	- `tpu_metrics_debug`: False
	- `debug`: []
	- `dataloader_drop_last`: False
	- `dataloader_num_workers`: 0
	- `dataloader_prefetch_factor`: None
	- `past_index`: -1
	- `disable_tqdm`: False
	- `remove_unused_columns`: True
	- `label_names`: None
	- `load_best_model_at_end`: False
	- `ignore_data_skip`: False
	- `fsdp`: []
	- `fsdp_min_num_params`: 0
	- `fsdp_config`: {'min_num_params': 0, 'xla': False, 'xla_fsdp_v2': False, 'xla_fsdp_grad_ckpt': False}
	- `fsdp_transformer_layer_cls_to_wrap`: None
	- `accelerator_config`: {'split_batches': False, 'dispatch_batches': None, 'even_batches': True, 'use_seedable_sampler': True, 'non_blocking': False, 'gradient_accumulation_kwargs': None}
	- `deepspeed`: None
	- `label_smoothing_factor`: 0.0
	- `optim`: adamw_torch
	- `optim_args`: None
	- `adafactor`: False
	- `group_by_length`: False
	- `length_column_name`: length
	- `ddp_find_unused_parameters`: None
	- `ddp_bucket_cap_mb`: None
	- `ddp_broadcast_buffers`: False
	- `dataloader_pin_memory`: True
	- `dataloader_persistent_workers`: False
	- `skip_memory_metrics`: True
	- `use_legacy_prediction_loop`: False
	- `push_to_hub`: False
	- `resume_from_checkpoint`: None
	- `hub_model_id`: None
	- `hub_strategy`: every_save
	- `hub_private_repo`: False
	- `hub_always_push`: False
	- `gradient_checkpointing`: False
	- `gradient_checkpointing_kwargs`: None
	- `include_inputs_for_metrics`: False
	- `eval_do_concat_batches`: True
	- `fp16_backend`: auto
	- `push_to_hub_model_id`: None
	- `push_to_hub_organization`: None
	- `mp_parameters`:
	- `auto_find_batch_size`: False
	- `full_determinism`: False
	- `torchdynamo`: None
	- `ray_scope`: last
	- `ddp_timeout`: 1800
	- `torch_compile`: False
	- `torch_compile_backend`: None
	- `torch_compile_mode`: None
	- `dispatch_batches`: None
	- `split_batches`: None
	- `include_tokens_per_second`: False
	- `include_num_input_tokens_seen`: False
	- `neftune_noise_alpha`: None
	- `optim_target_modules`: None
	- `batch_eval_metrics`: False
	- `batch_sampler`: batch_sampler
	- `multi_dataset_batch_sampler`: proportional

	</details>

	### Training Logs
	\| Epoch \| Step \| Training Loss \|
	\|:------:\|:----:\|:-------------:\|
	\| 1.9455 \| 500 \| 0.0161 \|


	### Framework Versions
	- Python: 3.10.13
	- Sentence Transformers: 3.0.1
	- Transformers: 4.41.2
	- PyTorch: 2.1.2
	- Accelerate: 0.30.1
	- Datasets: 2.19.2
	- Tokenizers: 0.19.1

	## Citation

	### BibTeX

	#### Sentence Transformers
	```bibtex
	@inproceedings{reimers-2019-sentence-bert,
	title = "Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks",
	author = "Reimers, Nils and Gurevych, Iryna",
	booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
	month = "11",
	year = "2019",
	publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
	url = "https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084",
	}
	```

	#### ContrastiveLoss
	```bibtex
	@inproceedings{hadsell2006dimensionality,
	author={Hadsell, R. and Chopra, S. and LeCun, Y.},
	booktitle={2006 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'06)},
	title={Dimensionality Reduction by Learning an Invariant Mapping},
	year={2006},
	volume={2},
	number={},
	pages={1735-1742},
	doi={10.1109/CVPR.2006.100}
	}
	```

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