diffusers/docs/source/en/using-diffusers/loading.md

Load pipelines

[[open-in-colab]]

Diffusion systems consist of multiple components like parameterized models and schedulers that interact in complex ways. That is why we designed the [DiffusionPipeline] to wrap the complexity of the entire diffusion system into an easy-to-use API. At the same time, the [DiffusionPipeline] is entirely customizable so you can modify each component to build a diffusion system for your use case.

This guide will show you how to load:

• pipelines from the Hub and locally
• different components into a pipeline
• multiple pipelines without increasing memory usage
• checkpoint variants such as different floating point types or non-exponential mean averaged (EMA) weights

Load a pipeline

Skip to the DiffusionPipeline explained section if you're interested in an explanation about how the [DiffusionPipeline] class works.

There are two ways to load a pipeline for a task:

1. Load the generic [DiffusionPipeline] class and allow it to automatically detect the correct pipeline class from the checkpoint.
2. Load a specific pipeline class for a specific task.

The [DiffusionPipeline] class is a simple and generic way to load the latest trending diffusion model from the Hub. It uses the [~DiffusionPipeline.from_pretrained] method to automatically detect the correct pipeline class for a task from the checkpoint, downloads and caches all the required configuration and weight files, and returns a pipeline ready for inference.

from diffusers import DiffusionPipeline

pipeline = DiffusionPipeline.from_pretrained("runwayml/stable-diffusion-v1-5", use_safetensors=True)

This same checkpoint can also be used for an image-to-image task. The [DiffusionPipeline] class can handle any task as long as you provide the appropriate inputs. For example, for an image-to-image task, you need to pass an initial image to the pipeline.

from diffusers import DiffusionPipeline

pipeline = DiffusionPipeline.from_pretrained("runwayml/stable-diffusion-v1-5", use_safetensors=True)

init_image = load_image("https://huggingface.co/datasets/huggingface/documentation-images/resolve/main/diffusers/img2img-init.png")
prompt = "Astronaut in a jungle, cold color palette, muted colors, detailed, 8k"
image = pipeline("Astronaut in a jungle, cold color palette, muted colors, detailed, 8k", image=init_image).images[0]

Checkpoints can be loaded by their specific pipeline class if you already know it. For example, to load a Stable Diffusion model, use the [StableDiffusionPipeline] class.

from diffusers import StableDiffusionPipeline

pipeline = StableDiffusionPipeline.from_pretrained("runwayml/stable-diffusion-v1-5", use_safetensors=True)

This same checkpoint may also be used for another task like image-to-image. To differentiate what task you want to use the checkpoint for, you have to use the corresponding task-specific pipeline class. For example, to use the same checkpoint for image-to-image, use the [StableDiffusionImg2ImgPipeline] class.

from diffusers import StableDiffusionImg2ImgPipeline

pipeline = StableDiffusionImg2ImgPipeline.from_pretrained("runwayml/stable-diffusion-v1-5", use_safetensors=True)

Use the Space below to gauge a pipeline's memory requirements before you download and load it to see if it runs on your hardware.

Local pipeline

To load a pipeline locally, use git-lfs to manually download a checkpoint to your local disk.

git-lfs install
git clone https://huggingface.co/runwayml/stable-diffusion-v1-5

This creates a local folder, ./stable-diffusion-v1-5, on your disk and you should pass its path to [~DiffusionPipeline.from_pretrained].

from diffusers import DiffusionPipeline

stable_diffusion = DiffusionPipeline.from_pretrained("./stable-diffusion-v1-5", use_safetensors=True)

The [~DiffusionPipeline.from_pretrained] method won't download files from the Hub when it detects a local path, but this also means it won't download and cache the latest changes to a checkpoint.

Customize a pipeline

You can customize a pipeline by loading different components into it. This is important because you can:

• change to a scheduler with faster generation speed or higher generation quality depending on your needs (call the scheduler.compatibles method on your pipeline to see compatible schedulers)
• change a default pipeline component to a newer and better performing one

For example, let's customize the default stabilityai/stable-diffusion-xl-base-1.0 checkpoint with:

• The [HeunDiscreteScheduler] to generate higher quality images at the expense of slower generation speed. You must pass the subfolder="scheduler" parameter in [~HeunDiscreteScheduler.from_pretrained] to load the scheduler configuration into the correct subfolder of the pipeline repository.
• A more stable VAE that runs in fp16.

from diffusers import StableDiffusionXLPipeline, HeunDiscreteScheduler, AutoencoderKL
import torch

scheduler = HeunDiscreteScheduler.from_pretrained("stabilityai/stable-diffusion-xl-base-1.0", subfolder="scheduler")
vae = AutoencoderKL.from_pretrained("madebyollin/sdxl-vae-fp16-fix", torch_dtype=torch.float16, use_safetensors=True)

Now pass the new scheduler and VAE to the [StableDiffusionXLPipeline].

pipeline = StableDiffusionXLPipeline.from_pretrained(
  "stabilityai/stable-diffusion-xl-base-1.0",
  scheduler=scheduler,
  vae=vae,
  torch_dtype=torch.float16,
  variant="fp16",
  use_safetensors=True
).to("cuda")

Reuse a pipeline

When you load multiple pipelines that share the same model components, it makes sense to reuse the shared components instead of reloading everything into memory again, especially if your hardware is memory-constrained. For example:

1. You generated an image with the [StableDiffusionPipeline] but you want to improve its quality with the [StableDiffusionSAGPipeline]. Both of these pipelines share the same pretrained model, so it'd be a waste of memory to load the same model twice.
2. You want to add a model component, like a MotionAdapter, to [AnimateDiffPipeline] which was instantiated from an existing [StableDiffusionPipeline]. Again, both pipelines share the same pretrained model, so it'd be a waste of memory to load an entirely new pipeline again.

With the [DiffusionPipeline.from_pipe] API, you can switch between multiple pipelines to take advantage of their different features without increasing memory-usage. It is similar to turning on and off a feature in your pipeline.

To switch between tasks (rather than features), use the [~DiffusionPipeline.from_pipe] method with the AutoPipeline class, which automatically identifies the pipeline class based on the task (learn more in the AutoPipeline tutorial).

Let's start with a [StableDiffusionPipeline] and then reuse the loaded model components to create a [StableDiffusionSAGPipeline] to increase generation quality. You'll use the [StableDiffusionPipeline] with an IP-Adapter to generate a bear eating pizza.

from diffusers import DiffusionPipeline, StableDiffusionSAGPipeline
import torch
import gc
from diffusers.utils import load_image
from accelerate.utils import compute_module_sizes

image = load_image("https://huggingface.co/datasets/huggingface/documentation-images/resolve/main/diffusers/load_neg_embed.png")

pipe_sd = DiffusionPipeline.from_pretrained("SG161222/Realistic_Vision_V6.0_B1_noVAE", torch_dtype=torch.float16)
pipe_sd.load_ip_adapter("h94/IP-Adapter", subfolder="models", weight_name="ip-adapter_sd15.bin")
pipe_sd.set_ip_adapter_scale(0.6)
pipe_sd.to("cuda")

generator = torch.Generator(device="cpu").manual_seed(33)
out_sd = pipe_sd(
    prompt="bear eats pizza",
    negative_prompt="wrong white balance, dark, sketches,worst quality,low quality",
    ip_adapter_image=image,
    num_inference_steps=50,
    generator=generator,
).images[0]
out_sd

For reference, you can check how much memory this process consumed.

def bytes_to_giga_bytes(bytes):
    return bytes / 1024 / 1024 / 1024
print(f"Max memory allocated: {bytes_to_giga_bytes(torch.cuda.max_memory_allocated())} GB")
"Max memory allocated: 4.406213283538818 GB"

Now, reuse the same pipeline components from [StableDiffusionPipeline] in [StableDiffusionSAGPipeline] with the [~DiffusionPipeline.from_pipe] method.

Some pipeline methods may not function properly on new pipelines created with [~DiffusionPipeline.from_pipe]. For instance, the [~DiffusionPipeline.enable_model_cpu_offload] method installs hooks on the model components based on a unique offloading sequence for each pipeline. If the models are executed in a different order in the new pipeline, the CPU offloading may not work correctly.

To ensure everything works as expected, we recommend re-applying a pipeline method on a new pipeline created with [~DiffusionPipeline.from_pipe].

pipe_sag = StableDiffusionSAGPipeline.from_pipe(
    pipe_sd
)

generator = torch.Generator(device="cpu").manual_seed(33)
out_sag = pipe_sag(
    prompt="bear eats pizza",
    negative_prompt="wrong white balance, dark, sketches,worst quality,low quality",
    ip_adapter_image=image,
    num_inference_steps=50,
    generator=generator,
    guidance_scale=1.0,
    sag_scale=0.75
).images[0]
out_sag

If you check the memory usage, you'll see it remains the same as before because [StableDiffusionPipeline] and [StableDiffusionSAGPipeline] are sharing the same pipeline components. This allows you to use them interchangeably without any additional memory overhead.

print(f"Max memory allocated: {bytes_to_giga_bytes(torch.cuda.max_memory_allocated())} GB")
"Max memory allocated: 4.406213283538818 GB"

Let's animate the image with the [AnimateDiffPipeline] and also add a [MotionAdapter] module to the pipeline. For the [AnimateDiffPipeline], you need to unload the IP-Adapter first and reload it after you've created your new pipeline (this only applies to the [AnimateDiffPipeline]).

from diffusers import AnimateDiffPipeline, MotionAdapter, DDIMScheduler
from diffusers.utils import export_to_gif

pipe_sag.unload_ip_adapter()
adapter = MotionAdapter.from_pretrained("guoyww/animatediff-motion-adapter-v1-5-2", torch_dtype=torch.float16)

pipe_animate = AnimateDiffPipeline.from_pipe(pipe_sd, motion_adapter=adapter)
pipe_animate.scheduler = DDIMScheduler.from_config(pipe_animate.scheduler.config, beta_schedule="linear")
# load IP-Adapter and LoRA weights again
pipe_animate.load_ip_adapter("h94/IP-Adapter", subfolder="models", weight_name="ip-adapter_sd15.bin")
pipe_animate.load_lora_weights("guoyww/animatediff-motion-lora-zoom-out", adapter_name="zoom-out")
pipe_animate.to("cuda")

generator = torch.Generator(device="cpu").manual_seed(33)
pipe_animate.set_adapters("zoom-out", adapter_weights=0.75)
out = pipe_animate(
    prompt="bear eats pizza",
    num_frames=16,
    num_inference_steps=50,
    ip_adapter_image=image,
    generator=generator,
).frames[0]
export_to_gif(out, "out_animate.gif")

The [AnimateDiffPipeline] is more memory-intensive and consumes 15GB of memory (see the Memory-usage of from_pipe section to learn what this means for your memory-usage).

print(f"Max memory allocated: {bytes_to_giga_bytes(torch.cuda.max_memory_allocated())} GB")
"Max memory allocated: 15.178664207458496 GB"

Modify from_pipe components

Pipelines loaded with [~DiffusionPipeline.from_pipe] can be customized with different model components or methods. However, whenever you modify the state of the model components, it affects all the other pipelines that share the same components. For example, if you call [~diffusers.loaders.IPAdapterMixin.unload_ip_adapter] on the [StableDiffusionSAGPipeline], you won't be able to use IP-Adapter with the [StableDiffusionPipeline] because it's been removed from their shared components.

pipe.sag_unload_ip_adapter()

generator = torch.Generator(device="cpu").manual_seed(33)
out_sd = pipe_sd(
    prompt="bear eats pizza",
    negative_prompt="wrong white balance, dark, sketches,worst quality,low quality",
    ip_adapter_image=image,
    num_inference_steps=50,
    generator=generator,
).images[0]
"AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'image_projection_layers'"

Memory usage of from_pipe

The memory requirement of loading multiple pipelines with [~DiffusionPipeline.from_pipe] is determined by the pipeline with the highest memory-usage regardless of the number of pipelines you create.

Pipeline	Memory usage (GB)
StableDiffusionPipeline	4.400
StableDiffusionSAGPipeline	4.400
AnimateDiffPipeline	15.178

The [AnimateDiffPipeline] has the highest memory requirement, so the total memory-usage is based only on the [AnimateDiffPipeline]. Your memory-usage will not increase if you create additional pipelines as long as their memory requirements doesn't exceed that of the [AnimateDiffPipeline]. Each pipeline can be used interchangeably without any additional memory overhead.

Safety checker

Diffusers implements a safety checker for Stable Diffusion models which can generate harmful content. The safety checker screens the generated output against known hardcoded not-safe-for-work (NSFW) content. If for whatever reason you'd like to disable the safety checker, pass safety_checker=None to the [~DiffusionPipeline.from_pretrained] method.

from diffusers import DiffusionPipeline

pipeline = DiffusionPipeline.from_pretrained("runwayml/stable-diffusion-v1-5", safety_checker=None, use_safetensors=True)
"""
You have disabled the safety checker for <class 'diffusers.pipelines.stable_diffusion.pipeline_stable_diffusion.StableDiffusionPipeline'> by passing `safety_checker=None`. Ensure that you abide by the conditions of the Stable Diffusion license and do not expose unfiltered results in services or applications open to the public. Both the diffusers team and Hugging Face strongly recommend keeping the safety filter enabled in all public-facing circumstances, disabling it only for use cases that involve analyzing network behavior or auditing its results. For more information, please have a look at https://github.com/huggingface/diffusers/pull/254 .
"""

Checkpoint variants

A checkpoint variant is usually a checkpoint whose weights are:

• Stored in a different floating point type, such as torch.float16, because it only requires half the bandwidth and storage to download. You can't use this variant if you're continuing training or using a CPU.
• Non-exponential mean averaged (EMA) weights which shouldn't be used for inference. You should use this variant to continue finetuning a model.

When the checkpoints have identical model structures, but they were trained on different datasets and with a different training setup, they should be stored in separate repositories. For example, stabilityai/stable-diffusion-2 and stabilityai/stable-diffusion-2-1 are stored in separate repositories.

Otherwise, a variant is identical to the original checkpoint. They have exactly the same serialization format (like safetensors), model structure, and their weights have identical tensor shapes.

checkpoint type	weight name	argument for loading weights
original	diffusion_pytorch_model.safetensors
floating point	diffusion_pytorch_model.fp16.safetensors	variant, torch_dtype
non-EMA	diffusion_pytorch_model.non_ema.safetensors	variant

There are two important arguments for loading variants:

• torch_dtype specifies the floating point precision of the loaded checkpoint. For example, if you want to save bandwidth by loading a fp16 variant, you should set variant="fp16" and torch_dtype=torch.float16 to convert the weights to fp16. Otherwise, the fp16 weights are converted to the default fp32 precision.

  If you only set torch_dtype=torch.float16, the default fp32 weights are downloaded first and then converted to fp16.

• variant specifies which files should be loaded from the repository. For example, if you want to load a non-EMA variant of a UNet from runwayml/stable-diffusion-v1-5, set variant="non_ema" to download the non_ema file.

from diffusers import DiffusionPipeline
import torch

pipeline = DiffusionPipeline.from_pretrained(
    "runwayml/stable-diffusion-v1-5", variant="fp16", torch_dtype=torch.float16, use_safetensors=True
)

pipeline = DiffusionPipeline.from_pretrained(
    "runwayml/stable-diffusion-v1-5", variant="non_ema", use_safetensors=True
)

Use the variant parameter in the [DiffusionPipeline.save_pretrained] method to save a checkpoint as a different floating point type or as a non-EMA variant. You should try save a variant to the same folder as the original checkpoint, so you have the option of loading both from the same folder.

from diffusers import DiffusionPipeline

pipeline.save_pretrained("runwayml/stable-diffusion-v1-5", variant="fp16")

pipeline.save_pretrained("runwayml/stable-diffusion-v1-5", variant="non_ema")

If you don't save the variant to an existing folder, you must specify the variant argument otherwise it'll throw an Exception because it can't find the original checkpoint.

# 👎 this won't work
pipeline = DiffusionPipeline.from_pretrained(
    "./stable-diffusion-v1-5", torch_dtype=torch.float16, use_safetensors=True
)
# 👍 this works
pipeline = DiffusionPipeline.from_pretrained(
    "./stable-diffusion-v1-5", variant="fp16", torch_dtype=torch.float16, use_safetensors=True
)

DiffusionPipeline explained

As a class method, [DiffusionPipeline.from_pretrained] is responsible for two things:

• Download the latest version of the folder structure required for inference and cache it. If the latest folder structure is available in the local cache, [DiffusionPipeline.from_pretrained] reuses the cache and won't redownload the files.
• Load the cached weights into the correct pipeline class - retrieved from the model_index.json file - and return an instance of it.

The pipelines' underlying folder structure corresponds directly with their class instances. For example, the [StableDiffusionPipeline] corresponds to the folder structure in runwayml/stable-diffusion-v1-5.

from diffusers import DiffusionPipeline

repo_id = "runwayml/stable-diffusion-v1-5"
pipeline = DiffusionPipeline.from_pretrained(repo_id, use_safetensors=True)
print(pipeline)

You'll see pipeline is an instance of [StableDiffusionPipeline], which consists of seven components:

• "feature_extractor": a [~transformers.CLIPImageProcessor] from 🤗 Transformers.
• "safety_checker": a component for screening against harmful content.
• "scheduler": an instance of [PNDMScheduler].
• "text_encoder": a [~transformers.CLIPTextModel] from 🤗 Transformers.
• "tokenizer": a [~transformers.CLIPTokenizer] from 🤗 Transformers.
• "unet": an instance of [UNet2DConditionModel].
• "vae": an instance of [AutoencoderKL].

StableDiffusionPipeline {
  "feature_extractor": [
    "transformers",
    "CLIPImageProcessor"
  ],
  "safety_checker": [
    "stable_diffusion",
    "StableDiffusionSafetyChecker"
  ],
  "scheduler": [
    "diffusers",
    "PNDMScheduler"
  ],
  "text_encoder": [
    "transformers",
    "CLIPTextModel"
  ],
  "tokenizer": [
    "transformers",
    "CLIPTokenizer"
  ],
  "unet": [
    "diffusers",
    "UNet2DConditionModel"
  ],
  "vae": [
    "diffusers",
    "AutoencoderKL"
  ]
}

Compare the components of the pipeline instance to the runwayml/stable-diffusion-v1-5 folder structure, and you'll see there is a separate folder for each of the components in the repository:

.
├── feature_extractor
│   └── preprocessor_config.json
├── model_index.json
├── safety_checker
│   ├── config.json
|   ├── model.fp16.safetensors
│   ├── model.safetensors
│   ├── pytorch_model.bin
|   └── pytorch_model.fp16.bin
├── scheduler
│   └── scheduler_config.json
├── text_encoder
│   ├── config.json
|   ├── model.fp16.safetensors
│   ├── model.safetensors
│   |── pytorch_model.bin
|   └── pytorch_model.fp16.bin
├── tokenizer
│   ├── merges.txt
│   ├── special_tokens_map.json
│   ├── tokenizer_config.json
│   └── vocab.json
├── unet
│   ├── config.json
│   ├── diffusion_pytorch_model.bin
|   |── diffusion_pytorch_model.fp16.bin
│   |── diffusion_pytorch_model.f16.safetensors
│   |── diffusion_pytorch_model.non_ema.bin
│   |── diffusion_pytorch_model.non_ema.safetensors
│   └── diffusion_pytorch_model.safetensors
|── vae
.   ├── config.json
.   ├── diffusion_pytorch_model.bin
    ├── diffusion_pytorch_model.fp16.bin
    ├── diffusion_pytorch_model.fp16.safetensors
    └── diffusion_pytorch_model.safetensors

You can access each of the components of the pipeline as an attribute to view its configuration:

pipeline.tokenizer
CLIPTokenizer(
    name_or_path="/root/.cache/huggingface/hub/models--runwayml--stable-diffusion-v1-5/snapshots/39593d5650112b4cc580433f6b0435385882d819/tokenizer",
    vocab_size=49408,
    model_max_length=77,
    is_fast=False,
    padding_side="right",
    truncation_side="right",
    special_tokens={
        "bos_token": AddedToken("<|startoftext|>", rstrip=False, lstrip=False, single_word=False, normalized=True),
        "eos_token": AddedToken("<|endoftext|>", rstrip=False, lstrip=False, single_word=False, normalized=True),
        "unk_token": AddedToken("<|endoftext|>", rstrip=False, lstrip=False, single_word=False, normalized=True),
        "pad_token": "<|endoftext|>",
    },
    clean_up_tokenization_spaces=True
)

Every pipeline expects a model_index.json file that tells the [DiffusionPipeline]:

• which pipeline class to load from _class_name
• which version of 🧨 Diffusers was used to create the model in _diffusers_version
• what components from which library are stored in the subfolders (name corresponds to the component and subfolder name, library corresponds to the name of the library to load the class from, and class corresponds to the class name)

{
  "_class_name": "StableDiffusionPipeline",
  "_diffusers_version": "0.6.0",
  "feature_extractor": [
    "transformers",
    "CLIPImageProcessor"
  ],
  "safety_checker": [
    "stable_diffusion",
    "StableDiffusionSafetyChecker"
  ],
  "scheduler": [
    "diffusers",
    "PNDMScheduler"
  ],
  "text_encoder": [
    "transformers",
    "CLIPTextModel"
  ],
  "tokenizer": [
    "transformers",
    "CLIPTokenizer"
  ],
  "unet": [
    "diffusers",
    "UNet2DConditionModel"
  ],
  "vae": [
    "diffusers",
    "AutoencoderKL"
  ]
}