README.md

---
inference: false
license: other
---

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# Falcon 40B-Instruct GGML GGML

These files are **experimental** GGML format model files for [Falcon 40B-Instruct GGML](https://huggingface.co/tiiuae/falcon-40b-instruct).

These GGML files will **not** work in llama.cpp, and at the time of writing they will not work with any UI or library. They cannot be used from Python code.

They currently only work using the basic command line test tool, compiled from Jan Ploski's fork of the ggml repo, where support for Falcon 40B GGML was first completed.

They are therefore uploaded purely for initial evaluation and experimentation. Support for these GGMLs should improve in the near future.

## Repositories available

* [4-bit GPTQ model for GPU inference](https://huggingface.co/TheBloke/falcon-40b-instruct-GPTQ)
* [3-bit GPTQ model for GPU inference](https://huggingface.co/TheBloke/falcon-40b-instruct-3bit-GPTQ)
* [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8-bit GGML models for CPU+GPU inference](https://huggingface.co/TheBloke/falcon-40b-instruct-GGML)
* [Unquantised fp16 model in pytorch format, for GPU inference and for further conversions](https://huggingface.co/tiiuae/falcon-40b-instruct)

<!-- compatibility_ggml start -->
## Compatibility

To build the CLI tool necessary to use these GGML files, please follow the following steps:

```
git clone https://github.com/jploski/ggml falcon-ggml
cd falcon-ggml
git checkout falcon40b
mkdir build && cd build && cmake .. && cmake --build . --config Release
```

Then run a command like the following, adjusting params as required:
```
bin/falcon -m /path/to/Falcon-40b-Instruct.ggmlv3.q4_0.bin -t 10 -n 200 -p "write a story about llamas"
```

<!-- compatibility_ggml end -->

## Provided files
| Name | Quant method | Bits | Size | Max RAM required | Use case |
| ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ----- |
| Falcon-40b-Instruct.ggmlv3.q4_0.bin | q4_0 | 4 | 23.54 GB | 26.04 GB | 4-bit. |
| Falcon-40b-Instruct.ggmlv3.q4_1.bin | q4_1 | 4 | 26.15 GB | 28.65 GB | 4-bit. Higher accuracy than q4_0 but not as high as q5_0. However has quicker inference than q5 models. |
| Falcon-40b-Instruct.ggmlv3.q5_0.bin | q5_0 | 5 | 28.77 GB | 31.27 GB | 5-bit. Higher accuracy, higher resource usage and slower inference. |
| Falcon-40b-Instruct.ggmlv3.q5_1.bin | q5_1 | 5 | 31.38 GB | 33.88 GB | 5-bit. Even higher accuracy, resource usage and slower inference. |

A q8_0 file will be provided shortly. There is currently an issue preventing it from working. Once this is fixed, it will be uploaded.

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## Discord

For further support, and discussions on these models and AI in general, join us at:

[TheBloke AI's Discord server](https://discord.gg/Jq4vkcDakD)

## Thanks, and how to contribute.

Thanks to the [chirper.ai](https://chirper.ai) team!

I've had a lot of people ask if they can contribute. I enjoy providing models and helping people, and would love to be able to spend even more time doing it, as well as expanding into new projects like fine tuning/training.

If you're able and willing to contribute it will be most gratefully received and will help me to keep providing more models, and to start work on new AI projects.

Donaters will get priority support on any and all AI/LLM/model questions and requests, access to a private Discord room, plus other benefits.

* Patreon: https://patreon.com/TheBlokeAI
* Ko-Fi: https://ko-fi.com/TheBlokeAI

**Special thanks to**: Luke from CarbonQuill, Aemon Algiz, Dmitriy Samsonov.

**Patreon special mentions**: Oscar Rangel, Eugene Pentland, Talal Aujan, Cory Kujawski, Luke, Asp the Wyvern, Ai Maven, Pyrater, Alps Aficionado, senxiiz, Willem Michiel, Junyu Yang, trip7s trip, Sebastain Graf, Joseph William Delisle, Lone Striker, Jonathan Leane, Johann-Peter Hartmann, David Flickinger, Spiking Neurons AB, Kevin Schuppel, Mano Prime, Dmitriy Samsonov, Sean Connelly, Nathan LeClaire, Alain Rossmann, Fen Risland, Derek Yates, Luke Pendergrass, Nikolai Manek, Khalefa Al-Ahmad, Artur Olbinski, John Detwiler, Ajan Kanaga, Imad Khwaja, Trenton Dambrowitz, Kalila, vamX, webtim, Illia Dulskyi.

Thank you to all my generous patrons and donaters!

<!-- footer end -->

# Original model card: Falcon 40B-Instruct GGML


# ✨ Falcon-40B-Instruct

**Falcon-40B-Instruct is a 40B parameters causal decoder-only model built by [TII](https://www.tii.ae) based on [Falcon-40B](https://huggingface.co/tiiuae/falcon-40b) and finetuned on a mixture of [Baize](https://github.com/project-baize/baize-chatbot). It is made available under the Apache 2.0 license.**

*Paper coming soon 😊.*

🤗 To get started with Falcon (inference, finetuning, quantization, etc.), we recommend reading [this great blogpost fron HF](https://huggingface.co/blog/falcon)!

## Why use Falcon-40B-Instruct?

* **You are looking for a ready-to-use chat/instruct model based on [Falcon-40B](https://huggingface.co/tiiuae/falcon-40b).**
* **Falcon-40B is the best open-source model available.** It outperforms [LLaMA](https://github.com/facebookresearch/llama), [StableLM](https://github.com/Stability-AI/StableLM), [RedPajama](https://huggingface.co/togethercomputer/RedPajama-INCITE-Base-7B-v0.1), [MPT](https://huggingface.co/mosaicml/mpt-7b), etc. See the [OpenLLM Leaderboard](https://huggingface.co/spaces/HuggingFaceH4/open_llm_leaderboard).
* **It features an architecture optimized for inference**, with FlashAttention ([Dao et al., 2022](https://arxiv.org/abs/2205.14135)) and multiquery ([Shazeer et al., 2019](https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.02150)). 

💬 **This is an instruct model, which may not be ideal for further finetuning.** If you are interested in building your own instruct/chat model, we recommend starting from [Falcon-40B](https://huggingface.co/tiiuae/falcon-40b). 

💸 **Looking for a smaller, less expensive model?** [Falcon-7B-Instruct](https://huggingface.co/tiiuae/falcon-7b-instruct) is Falcon-40B-Instruct's little brother!

```python
from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForCausalLM
import transformers
import torch

model = "tiiuae/falcon-40b-instruct"

tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model)
pipeline = transformers.pipeline(
    "text-generation",
    model=model,
    tokenizer=tokenizer,
    torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16,
    trust_remote_code=True,
    device_map="auto",
)
sequences = pipeline(
   "Girafatron is obsessed with giraffes, the most glorious animal on the face of this Earth. Giraftron believes all other animals are irrelevant when compared to the glorious majesty of the giraffe.\nDaniel: Hello, Girafatron!\nGirafatron:",
    max_length=200,
    do_sample=True,
    top_k=10,
    num_return_sequences=1,
    eos_token_id=tokenizer.eos_token_id,
)
for seq in sequences:
    print(f"Result: {seq['generated_text']}")

```

For fast inference with Falcon, check-out [Text Generation Inference](https://github.com/huggingface/text-generation-inference)! Read more in this [blogpost]((https://huggingface.co/blog/falcon). 

You will need **at least 85-100GB of memory** to swiftly run inference with Falcon-40B.



# Model Card for Falcon-40B-Instruct

## Model Details

### Model Description

- **Developed by:** [https://www.tii.ae](https://www.tii.ae);
- **Model type:** Causal decoder-only;
- **Language(s) (NLP):** English and French;
- **License:** Apache 2.0;
- **Finetuned from model:** [Falcon-40B](https://huggingface.co/tiiuae/falcon-40b).

### Model Source

- **Paper:** *coming soon*.

## Uses

### Direct Use

Falcon-40B-Instruct has been finetuned on a chat dataset.

### Out-of-Scope Use

Production use without adequate assessment of risks and mitigation; any use cases which may be considered irresponsible or harmful. 

## Bias, Risks, and Limitations

Falcon-40B-Instruct is mostly trained on English data, and will not generalize appropriately to other languages. Furthermore, as it is trained on a large-scale corpora representative of the web, it will carry the stereotypes and biases commonly encountered online.

### Recommendations

We recommend users of Falcon-40B-Instruct to develop guardrails and to take appropriate precautions for any production use.

## How to Get Started with the Model


```python
from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForCausalLM
import transformers
import torch

model = "tiiuae/falcon-40b-instruct"

tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model)
pipeline = transformers.pipeline(
    "text-generation",
    model=model,
    tokenizer=tokenizer,
    torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16,
    trust_remote_code=True,
    device_map="auto",
)
sequences = pipeline(
   "Girafatron is obsessed with giraffes, the most glorious animal on the face of this Earth. Giraftron believes all other animals are irrelevant when compared to the glorious majesty of the giraffe.\nDaniel: Hello, Girafatron!\nGirafatron:",
    max_length=200,
    do_sample=True,
    top_k=10,
    num_return_sequences=1,
    eos_token_id=tokenizer.eos_token_id,
)
for seq in sequences:
    print(f"Result: {seq['generated_text']}")

```

## Training Details

### Training Data

Falcon-40B-Instruct was finetuned on a 150M tokens from [Bai ze](https://github.com/project-baize/baize-chatbot) mixed with 5% of [RefinedWeb](https://huggingface.co/datasets/tiiuae/falcon-refinedweb) data. 


The data was tokenized with the Falcon-[7B](https://huggingface.co/tiiuae/falcon-7b)/[40B](https://huggingface.co/tiiuae/falcon-40b) tokenizer.


## Evaluation

*Paper coming soon.*

See the [OpenLLM Leaderboard](https://huggingface.co/spaces/HuggingFaceH4/open_llm_leaderboard) for early results.


## Technical Specifications 

For more information about pretraining, see [Falcon-40B](https://huggingface.co/tiiuae/falcon-40b).

### Model Architecture and Objective

Falcon-40B is a causal decoder-only model trained on a causal language modeling task (i.e., predict the next token).

The architecture is broadly adapted from the GPT-3 paper ([Brown et al., 2020](https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.14165)), with the following differences:

* **Positionnal embeddings:** rotary ([Su et al., 2021](https://arxiv.org/abs/2104.09864));
* **Attention:** multiquery ([Shazeer et al., 2019](https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.02150)) and FlashAttention ([Dao et al., 2022](https://arxiv.org/abs/2205.14135));
* **Decoder-block:** parallel attention/MLP with a single layer norm.

For multiquery, we are using an internal variant which uses independent key and values per tensor parallel degree.

| **Hyperparameter** | **Value** | **Comment**                            |
|--------------------|-----------|----------------------------------------|
| Layers             | 60        |                                        |
| `d_model`          | 8192      |                                        |
| `head_dim`         | 64        | Reduced to optimise for FlashAttention |
| Vocabulary         | 65024     |                                        |
| Sequence length    | 2048      |                                        |

### Compute Infrastructure

#### Hardware

Falcon-40B-Instruct was trained on AWS SageMaker, on 64 A100 40GB GPUs in P4d instances. 

#### Software

Falcon-40B-Instruct was trained a custom distributed training codebase, Gigatron. It uses a 3D parallelism approach combined with ZeRO and high-performance Triton kernels (FlashAttention, etc.)


## Citation

*Paper coming soon* 😊. In the meanwhile, you can use the following information to cite: 
```
@article{falcon40b,
  title={{Falcon-40B}: an open large language model with state-of-the-art performance},
  author={Almazrouei, Ebtesam and Alobeidli, Hamza and Alshamsi, Abdulaziz and Cappelli, Alessandro and Cojocaru, Ruxandra and Debbah, Merouane and Goffinet, Etienne and Heslow, Daniel and Launay, Julien and Malartic, Quentin and Noune, Badreddine and Pannier, Baptiste and Penedo, Guilherme},
  year={2023}
}
```

To learn more about the pretraining dataset, see the 📓 [RefinedWeb paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.01116).

```
@article{refinedweb,
  title={The {R}efined{W}eb dataset for {F}alcon {LLM}: outperforming curated corpora with web data, and web data only},
  author={Guilherme Penedo and Quentin Malartic and Daniel Hesslow and Ruxandra Cojocaru and Alessandro Cappelli and Hamza Alobeidli and Baptiste Pannier and Ebtesam Almazrouei and Julien Launay},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2306.01116},
  eprint={2306.01116},
  eprinttype = {arXiv},
  url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.01116},
  year={2023}
}
```

To cite the [Baize](https://github.com/project-baize/baize-chatbot) instruction dataset used for this model: 
```
@article{xu2023baize,
  title={Baize: An Open-Source Chat Model with Parameter-Efficient Tuning on Self-Chat Data},
  author={Xu, Canwen and Guo, Daya and Duan, Nan and McAuley, Julian},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2304.01196},
  year={2023}
}
```


## License

Falcon-40B-Instruct is made available under the Apache 2.0 license.

## Contact
falconllm@tii.ae