metadata
license: cc-by-nc-sa-4.0
library_name: transformers
pipeline_tag: token-classification
widget:
- text: 'Do you think that looks like a cat? Answer: I don''t think so.'
- example_title: cat
xlm-roberta-base for token classification, specifically fine-tuned for question-answer extraction for English
This is the xlm-roberta-base, fine-tuned on manually annotated Finnish data and ChatGPT-annotated data.
Hyperparameters
batch_size = 8
epochs = 10 (trained for less)
base_LM_model = "xlm-roberta-base"
max_seq_len = 512
learning_rate = 5e-5
Performance
Accuracy = 0.88
Question F1 = 0.77
Answer F1 = 0.81
Usage
To get the best question-answer pairs use the huggingface pipeline with no aggregation strategy and do some post-processing like in this script.
Citing
To cite this model use the following bibtex.
@inproceedings{eskelinen-etal-2024-building-question,
title = "Building Question-Answer Data Using Web Register Identification",
author = "Eskelinen, Anni and
Myntti, Amanda and
Henriksson, Erik and
Pyysalo, Sampo and
Laippala, Veronika",
editor = "Calzolari, Nicoletta and
Kan, Min-Yen and
Hoste, Veronique and
Lenci, Alessandro and
Sakti, Sakriani and
Xue, Nianwen",
booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2024 Joint International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC-COLING 2024)",
month = may,
year = "2024",
address = "Torino, Italia",
publisher = "ELRA and ICCL",
url = "https://aclanthology.org/2024.lrec-main.234",
pages = "2595--2611",
abstract = "This article introduces a resource-efficient method for developing question-answer (QA) datasets by extracting QA pairs from web-scale data using machine learning (ML). Our method benefits from recent advances in web register (genre) identification and consists of two ML steps with an additional post-processing step. First, using XLM-R and the multilingual CORE web register corpus series with categories such as QA Forum, we train a multilingual classifier to retrieve documents that are likely to contain QA pairs from web-scale data. Second, we develop a NER-style token classifier to identify the QA text spans within these documents. To this end, we experiment with training on a semi-synthetic dataset built on top of the English LFQA, a small set of manually cleaned web QA pairs in English and Finnish, and a Finnish web QA pair dataset cleaned using ChatGPT. The evaluation of our pipeline demonstrates its capability to efficiently retrieve a substantial volume of QA pairs. While the approach is adaptable to any language given the availability of language models and extensive web data, we showcase its efficiency in English and Finnish, developing the first open, non-synthetic and non-machine translated QA dataset for Finnish {--} Turku WebQA {--} comprising over 200,000 QA pairs.",
}