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CRC/C/51/Add.6 page 127 56 A National Youth Policy Workshop was held in Honiara at the Commonwealth Youth Programme Centre from 15 to 17 April 1997.
57 Committee work on youth policy (13 February 1998).
The Solomon Star, p. 7.
Also: Discussion looks at youth problems, (27 February 1998), The Solomon Star, p. 5 58 Ueteri-Taasi, I.
(29 January 1997).
Delay of classes at King George VI School.
The Solomon Star, pp.
10-11.
59 Students express concern to ministry.
(24 October 1997). | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005174292.pdf | https://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=6QkG1d%2FPPRiCAqhKb7yhsie1GkAljn0QeJo3NO7rIujggQSAuiGa1XG1f5VbO4XzDlokRjsZCb6X7%2FqD6I3B1J%2FKWz6ROt0t4XNnciZJEKXlR856A75p7Lnb36x5TpCC | Vanuatu |
(24 October 1997).
The Solomon Star, p. 3 60 Drop out children: the nation’s rising problem.
(16 August 1996).
The Solomon Star, pp.
12-13.
61 Ueteri-Taasi, I.
(21 January 1998).
Understand human rights in Solomons The Solomon Star, pp.
8-9.
62 Bus fare rise by 50 per cent.
(27 February 1998).
The Solomon Star, p. 2 [Once again, in early 1998, bus operators were making moves to increase fares.
This continues to increase hardship for families whose children use public transport to reach school. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005174292.pdf | https://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=6QkG1d%2FPPRiCAqhKb7yhsie1GkAljn0QeJo3NO7rIujggQSAuiGa1XG1f5VbO4XzDlokRjsZCb6X7%2FqD6I3B1J%2FKWz6ROt0t4XNnciZJEKXlR856A75p7Lnb36x5TpCC | Vanuatu |
Significant increases in fares affect how children get to school, e.g.
rising earlier and walking longer distances.
This, in turn, influences which schools children attend and, in some cases, raises the question of whether families can afford school at all.]
63 Lateef, S (1991).
A study of women in export development in the Solomon Islands.
Commonwealth Secretariat.
Cited in SIG/UNICEF (1993).
A situation analysis of women and children in the Solomon Islands, p. 65. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005174292.pdf | https://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=6QkG1d%2FPPRiCAqhKb7yhsie1GkAljn0QeJo3NO7rIujggQSAuiGa1XG1f5VbO4XzDlokRjsZCb6X7%2FqD6I3B1J%2FKWz6ROt0t4XNnciZJEKXlR856A75p7Lnb36x5TpCC | Vanuatu |
64 Progress of Nations 1998 survey on birth registration and nationality and malaria, requested by UNICEF, implemented by SCFA.
65 Progress of Nations 1998 survey.
66 Information, Education and Communication (IEC) Officer, SCFA, personal conversation, January 1998.
67 However, this premise will have to be tested on a case-by-case basis in the courts, to be substantiated as fact. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005174292.pdf | https://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=6QkG1d%2FPPRiCAqhKb7yhsie1GkAljn0QeJo3NO7rIujggQSAuiGa1XG1f5VbO4XzDlokRjsZCb6X7%2FqD6I3B1J%2FKWz6ROt0t4XNnciZJEKXlR856A75p7Lnb36x5TpCC | Vanuatu |
68 Kaelonga v. Tuita and Kura (1985) is an example of a case where the Solomon Islands’ courts did give custody of children to their mother after their father died.
In this case the mother and her husband had seven children.
They had been married in custom.
When the father of the children died, his two brothers came and took the children.
The mother filed for the custody of the children. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005174292.pdf | https://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=6QkG1d%2FPPRiCAqhKb7yhsie1GkAljn0QeJo3NO7rIujggQSAuiGa1XG1f5VbO4XzDlokRjsZCb6X7%2FqD6I3B1J%2FKWz6ROt0t4XNnciZJEKXlR856A75p7Lnb36x5TpCC | Vanuatu |
The mother filed for the custody of the children.
The Social Welfare Officer’s report said in effect that the children would be equally comfortable with their mother or with their uncles.
A custom law expert gave evidence that payment of bride price bought the right to the children.
He further said that the mother’s CRC/C/51/Add.6 page 128 right to access could be bought off by further compensation if she agreed.
The court said that the mother’s determination showed her deep love for her children. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005174292.pdf | https://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=6QkG1d%2FPPRiCAqhKb7yhsie1GkAljn0QeJo3NO7rIujggQSAuiGa1XG1f5VbO4XzDlokRjsZCb6X7%2FqD6I3B1J%2FKWz6ROt0t4XNnciZJEKXlR856A75p7Lnb36x5TpCC | Vanuatu |
He ruled that there was no evidence that the mother was not a good mother.
The magistrate said that in the children’s interest, the mother was granted custody.
69 Per letter to UNICEF Programme Officer from Principal Legal Adviser, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, dated 19 August 1993.
70 Passenger criticizes obscene movies screen on MV Ramos 1.
(16 January 1998).
The Solomon Star, p. 3. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005174292.pdf | https://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=6QkG1d%2FPPRiCAqhKb7yhsie1GkAljn0QeJo3NO7rIujggQSAuiGa1XG1f5VbO4XzDlokRjsZCb6X7%2FqD6I3B1J%2FKWz6ROt0t4XNnciZJEKXlR856A75p7Lnb36x5TpCC | Vanuatu |
(16 January 1998).
The Solomon Star, p. 3.
[The article highlighted the concern of an adult passenger on an inter-island boat trip that the video seen onboard ship contained sexual material unsuitable for viewing by small children.
The same article highlighted the responsible crew member’s response that “the movie had gone through censorship board”.]
71 New publications have recently appeared targeted to sports and music audiences in addition to those newspapers that cover more general news items. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005174292.pdf | https://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=6QkG1d%2FPPRiCAqhKb7yhsie1GkAljn0QeJo3NO7rIujggQSAuiGa1XG1f5VbO4XzDlokRjsZCb6X7%2FqD6I3B1J%2FKWz6ROt0t4XNnciZJEKXlR856A75p7Lnb36x5TpCC | Vanuatu |
72 This information was provided by Charles Fox, head of the National Youth Congress, in early 1998.
The status of the Youth Congress is now unclear.
73 Unfortunately, there was no further information provided in time for the submission of this report.
74 Case hearing under tight security (13 February 1998).
The Solomon Star p. 2.
75 Furniture and seating arrangements may be modified to remove some of the factors which may contribute to intimidation of the child. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005174292.pdf | https://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=6QkG1d%2FPPRiCAqhKb7yhsie1GkAljn0QeJo3NO7rIujggQSAuiGa1XG1f5VbO4XzDlokRjsZCb6X7%2FqD6I3B1J%2FKWz6ROt0t4XNnciZJEKXlR856A75p7Lnb36x5TpCC | Vanuatu |
For example, the child witness may be physically elevated in the courtroom.
This changes the child’s position relative to that of the accused - who are normally seated in a box higher than the witness box.
Or furniture may be positioned so that any peripheral view of the witness by the accused is obstructed.
76 See paragraph 67.
77 If the non-custodial father is not working a report is still entered so that in case of his future employment maintenance will be paid. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005174292.pdf | https://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=6QkG1d%2FPPRiCAqhKb7yhsie1GkAljn0QeJo3NO7rIujggQSAuiGa1XG1f5VbO4XzDlokRjsZCb6X7%2FqD6I3B1J%2FKWz6ROt0t4XNnciZJEKXlR856A75p7Lnb36x5TpCC | Vanuatu |
An attachment may be made so that his future employer is notified of his outstanding commitment to pay maintenance and part of his wages can be deposited directly to the account of the mother.
Additionally, it is necessary to note that such procedures may also apply to a non-custodial working mother if the father is the custodian of the child.
78 SIBC Radio news script, July 1997, used with permission.
79 Cited in Fia, P. (1997). | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005174292.pdf | https://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=6QkG1d%2FPPRiCAqhKb7yhsie1GkAljn0QeJo3NO7rIujggQSAuiGa1XG1f5VbO4XzDlokRjsZCb6X7%2FqD6I3B1J%2FKWz6ROt0t4XNnciZJEKXlR856A75p7Lnb36x5TpCC | Vanuatu |
79 Cited in Fia, P. (1997).
Social welfare report on social trends & lifestyle …, MHMS, Social Welfare Division (SWD), Honiara.
CRC/C/51/Add.6 page 129 80 Poerio, L. (1995).
Domestic violence in Solomon Islands: Results of a community survey.
Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia.
81 Ibid.
82 “Family violence unacceptable” (20 January 1998).
The Solomon Star, p. 3.
83 Cited in Fia, P. (1997). | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005174292.pdf | https://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=6QkG1d%2FPPRiCAqhKb7yhsie1GkAljn0QeJo3NO7rIujggQSAuiGa1XG1f5VbO4XzDlokRjsZCb6X7%2FqD6I3B1J%2FKWz6ROt0t4XNnciZJEKXlR856A75p7Lnb36x5TpCC | Vanuatu |
83 Cited in Fia, P. (1997).
Social welfare report on social trends & lifestyle in the Solomon Islands: For “Evaluating health for all by the year 2000”, review report.
MHMS, SWD, Honiara.
84 Need to set up child protect centre (17 December 1997).
The Solomon Star, p. 5.
85 Solomon Islands Policy, Strategy and Outline Plan of Action for Children, March 1996 (annex 2). | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005174292.pdf | https://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=6QkG1d%2FPPRiCAqhKb7yhsie1GkAljn0QeJo3NO7rIujggQSAuiGa1XG1f5VbO4XzDlokRjsZCb6X7%2FqD6I3B1J%2FKWz6ROt0t4XNnciZJEKXlR856A75p7Lnb36x5TpCC | Vanuatu |
86 Contraceptive Prevalence Surveys conducted in Honiara, 1992, and Choiseul, 1993, showed levels of 36 per cent and 38 per cent, respectively.
These surveys, conducted by students enrolled in Masters of Tropical Health degree programmes from Australia indicated there is gross underreporting of prevalence due to significant data recording error. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005174292.pdf | https://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=6QkG1d%2FPPRiCAqhKb7yhsie1GkAljn0QeJo3NO7rIujggQSAuiGa1XG1f5VbO4XzDlokRjsZCb6X7%2FqD6I3B1J%2FKWz6ROt0t4XNnciZJEKXlR856A75p7Lnb36x5TpCC | Vanuatu |
For example, persons choosing tubal ligation as a birth control option should be included as data not only for the year that the procedure is done and for all their remaining potentially reproductive years in light of the fact that they continue to benefit from this long-term contraceptive option.
However, it has been pointed out that such individuals have not been included in those subsequent years’ data, resulting in significant error rates in reporting. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005174292.pdf | https://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=6QkG1d%2FPPRiCAqhKb7yhsie1GkAljn0QeJo3NO7rIujggQSAuiGa1XG1f5VbO4XzDlokRjsZCb6X7%2FqD6I3B1J%2FKWz6ROt0t4XNnciZJEKXlR856A75p7Lnb36x5TpCC | Vanuatu |
87 The necessity for accurate updated census figures is illuminated by this example of the difficulty in reconciling projected population figures with actual figures for purposes of determining health-care coverage.
As immunization coverage figures are calculated by dividing the total number of doses administered by the total number of children, the need for reliable accuracy for the actual number of children is imperative. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005174292.pdf | https://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=6QkG1d%2FPPRiCAqhKb7yhsie1GkAljn0QeJo3NO7rIujggQSAuiGa1XG1f5VbO4XzDlokRjsZCb6X7%2FqD6I3B1J%2FKWz6ROt0t4XNnciZJEKXlR856A75p7Lnb36x5TpCC | Vanuatu |
In the case of Solomon Islands, intensive canvassing of the country by health-care workers in recent years has consistently shown lower numbers of babies and children than 1986 projected growth rates would suggest.
Computations made using population estimates that are too high can make any immunization coverage rate appear to be too low. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005174292.pdf | https://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=6QkG1d%2FPPRiCAqhKb7yhsie1GkAljn0QeJo3NO7rIujggQSAuiGa1XG1f5VbO4XzDlokRjsZCb6X7%2FqD6I3B1J%2FKWz6ROt0t4XNnciZJEKXlR856A75p7Lnb36x5TpCC | Vanuatu |
88 One exception, however, is the Kombito settlement area on the eastern outskirts of Honiara, where a large water tank has not been put into service due to lack of good quality boreholes to provide sources for the water tank.
Therefore, residents must walk 30 minutes to get drinking water from a stream.
[Eremae, O.
(11 February 1998).
The fate of the settlers.
The Solomon Star, pp.
9-11.]
89 MHMS, 1996, p. 92, italicized emphasis added. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005174292.pdf | https://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=6QkG1d%2FPPRiCAqhKb7yhsie1GkAljn0QeJo3NO7rIujggQSAuiGa1XG1f5VbO4XzDlokRjsZCb6X7%2FqD6I3B1J%2FKWz6ROt0t4XNnciZJEKXlR856A75p7Lnb36x5TpCC | Vanuatu |
89 MHMS, 1996, p. 92, italicized emphasis added.
90 The Paediatric category of medical care traditionally includes children from birth to 12 years old.
CRC/C/51/Add.6 page 130 91 Mortality included 38 deaths with 47 per cent (18 children) dying in the first 48 hours of admission.
This is indicative of late presentation of more severe disease.
(MHMS, 1996, p. 91) 92 Ibid.
93 MHMS, 1996, p. 92.
94 MHMS, 1996, p. 87.
95 Iroga, R.L., Doctors recruited from overseas (6 February 1998). | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005174292.pdf | https://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=6QkG1d%2FPPRiCAqhKb7yhsie1GkAljn0QeJo3NO7rIujggQSAuiGa1XG1f5VbO4XzDlokRjsZCb6X7%2FqD6I3B1J%2FKWz6ROt0t4XNnciZJEKXlR856A75p7Lnb36x5TpCC | Vanuatu |
The Solomon Star, p. 1.
96 Chevalier, C. 1997.
Discusses the efficacy of establishing a post mortem interview procedure to discover which factors contributed to a child’s death and then feedback this information to the health-care system so that deaths attributable to delays either in seeking medical care or in subsequent referral might be minimized. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005174292.pdf | https://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=6QkG1d%2FPPRiCAqhKb7yhsie1GkAljn0QeJo3NO7rIujggQSAuiGa1XG1f5VbO4XzDlokRjsZCb6X7%2FqD6I3B1J%2FKWz6ROt0t4XNnciZJEKXlR856A75p7Lnb36x5TpCC | Vanuatu |
97 University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, 1997, Masters of Tropical Health students conducted research into the sexual knowledge and behaviour of teenage girls in Honiara.
In 1998, a companion survey was being conducted with boys focusing on the same topic.
98 MHMS, 1996, The Comprehensive Review of Health Services Report, p. 27.
99 Ibid.
100 Spirit poison youths.
(25 July 1997) The Solomon Star p. 2.
101 Poerio, L. (1995).
Domestic violence in Solomon Islands: results of a community survey. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005174292.pdf | https://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=6QkG1d%2FPPRiCAqhKb7yhsie1GkAljn0QeJo3NO7rIujggQSAuiGa1XG1f5VbO4XzDlokRjsZCb6X7%2FqD6I3B1J%2FKWz6ROt0t4XNnciZJEKXlR856A75p7Lnb36x5TpCC | Vanuatu |
PhD Dissertation, Department of Health and Behavioural Sciences, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, p. viii.
102 These deaths would obviously not have been considered teenage suicides; however, they may be viewed as useful indicators of problems affecting young people.
103 Mielke, J.
(1996).
Youth, alcohol, and other drugs in the Pacific, cited in Fia, P. (1996) Youth and other social problems in Solomon Islands: An overview, MHMS, SWD, Honiara.
104 Oberli, H. (1996). | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005174292.pdf | https://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=6QkG1d%2FPPRiCAqhKb7yhsie1GkAljn0QeJo3NO7rIujggQSAuiGa1XG1f5VbO4XzDlokRjsZCb6X7%2FqD6I3B1J%2FKWz6ROt0t4XNnciZJEKXlR856A75p7Lnb36x5TpCC | Vanuatu |
104 Oberli, H. (1996).
Central Hospital Records, cited in Fia, P. (1997).
Social Welfare report on social trends and lifestyle in the Solomon Islands: For “Evaluating health for all by the year 2000.” MHMS, Honiara.
105 Here is another indication of the need for improved health data gathered on children.
106 Interestingly, presence of anaemia in a population is often associated with lower incidence of malaria in the population since microfilarae require healthy red blood cells for their development. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005174292.pdf | https://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=6QkG1d%2FPPRiCAqhKb7yhsie1GkAljn0QeJo3NO7rIujggQSAuiGa1XG1f5VbO4XzDlokRjsZCb6X7%2FqD6I3B1J%2FKWz6ROt0t4XNnciZJEKXlR856A75p7Lnb36x5TpCC | Vanuatu |
Treatment of a population for anaemia may increase the incidence of malaria.
(Source: personal conversation with Registered Nurse, MHMS 1996.)
CRC/C/51/Add.6 page 131 107 Refer to table 1: Demographic indicators, this document, following paragraph 4. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005174292.pdf | https://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=6QkG1d%2FPPRiCAqhKb7yhsie1GkAljn0QeJo3NO7rIujggQSAuiGa1XG1f5VbO4XzDlokRjsZCb6X7%2FqD6I3B1J%2FKWz6ROt0t4XNnciZJEKXlR856A75p7Lnb36x5TpCC | Vanuatu |
108 According to the previous Under-Secretary for Health Improvement of the MHMS, the 90 per cent immunization rate discussed in paragraph 262 above, is probably correct, despite the estimation that there is only 75 per cent coverage, otherwise there would be epidemics and disease outbreaks around the country. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005174292.pdf | https://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=6QkG1d%2FPPRiCAqhKb7yhsie1GkAljn0QeJo3NO7rIujggQSAuiGa1XG1f5VbO4XzDlokRjsZCb6X7%2FqD6I3B1J%2FKWz6ROt0t4XNnciZJEKXlR856A75p7Lnb36x5TpCC | Vanuatu |
The previously discussed formula used for calculations: Number of doses given in a particular year Total projected births (1986 census) for year gives unreliable results if dated birth projection figures are too high as appears to be the case in Solomon Islands.
109 Yates, D. et al.
(1992) Community based rehabilitation for people with disabilities in Solomon Islands: A feasibility study and plan of action.
Joint study by MHMS and SCFA, Honiara.
110 Ibid., p. 17.
111 Ibid., p. 17. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005174292.pdf | https://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=6QkG1d%2FPPRiCAqhKb7yhsie1GkAljn0QeJo3NO7rIujggQSAuiGa1XG1f5VbO4XzDlokRjsZCb6X7%2FqD6I3B1J%2FKWz6ROt0t4XNnciZJEKXlR856A75p7Lnb36x5TpCC | Vanuatu |
110 Ibid., p. 17.
111 Ibid., p. 17.
112 MHMS, 1996, p. 87.
113 Source, interview with Director of Handicapped Centre, 1997.
114 Yates, D. et al.
(1991).
Community based rehabilitation for people with disabilities in Solomon Islands: A feasibility study and plan of action.
MHMS/SCFA joint publication, Honiara, pp.
11-12.
115 Ibid., pp.
10-23.
116 Ibid., p. 20.
117 Yates, D. et al (1991). | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005174292.pdf | https://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=6QkG1d%2FPPRiCAqhKb7yhsie1GkAljn0QeJo3NO7rIujggQSAuiGa1XG1f5VbO4XzDlokRjsZCb6X7%2FqD6I3B1J%2FKWz6ROt0t4XNnciZJEKXlR856A75p7Lnb36x5TpCC | Vanuatu |
116 Ibid., p. 20.
117 Yates, D. et al (1991).
Community based rehabilitation for people with disabilities in Solomon Islands: A feasibility study and plan of action, pp.
19-20.
118 See annex 2.
119 NACC Draft Policy, Strategy and Outline Plan of Action for Children (March 1996).
Refer to annex 2, this report.
120 MHMS, Comprehensive Health Review Report (1997), pp.
11-13.
CRC/C/51/Add.6 page 132 121 “Mortality data is poorly collected, analysed and used. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005174292.pdf | https://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=6QkG1d%2FPPRiCAqhKb7yhsie1GkAljn0QeJo3NO7rIujggQSAuiGa1XG1f5VbO4XzDlokRjsZCb6X7%2FqD6I3B1J%2FKWz6ROt0t4XNnciZJEKXlR856A75p7Lnb36x5TpCC | Vanuatu |
When infants and children die it is important to understand why they have died - what factors contributed to deaths which are largely preventable deaths … Maternal deaths also require more investigation and follow-up … Particular attention is also needed for investigating the high number of deaths in the perinatal period.” (Mitchell, 1997, p. 31). | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005174292.pdf | https://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=6QkG1d%2FPPRiCAqhKb7yhsie1GkAljn0QeJo3NO7rIujggQSAuiGa1XG1f5VbO4XzDlokRjsZCb6X7%2FqD6I3B1J%2FKWz6ROt0t4XNnciZJEKXlR856A75p7Lnb36x5TpCC | Vanuatu |
122 “The rural areas where 80 per cent of the population live receive 40 per cent of the health budget … The Comprehensive Review states that ‘Deployment of additional staff from Central level to rural areas is identified as a priority intervention.’”(MHMS, 1996, cited in Mitchell, 1997).
123 A mother may travel to bring a sick child to a clinic at great physical expense and only receive treatment for the presenting condition. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005174292.pdf | https://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=6QkG1d%2FPPRiCAqhKb7yhsie1GkAljn0QeJo3NO7rIujggQSAuiGa1XG1f5VbO4XzDlokRjsZCb6X7%2FqD6I3B1J%2FKWz6ROt0t4XNnciZJEKXlR856A75p7Lnb36x5TpCC | Vanuatu |
In this way the health-care system misses an opportunity to measure the child’s growth rate and also improve the mother’s knowledge of basic child health-care needs, diarrhoea prevention and nutrition (Mitchell, 1997).
124 Chevalier, 1997, p. 8.
125 The Comprehensive Health Review of 1996 is an excellent source of recommendations identified to improve health care.
Refer to chapter 12, “Major issues and future directions”, pp.
266-281.
126 Routine documentation of maternal and child deaths, e.g. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005174292.pdf | https://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=6QkG1d%2FPPRiCAqhKb7yhsie1GkAljn0QeJo3NO7rIujggQSAuiGa1XG1f5VbO4XzDlokRjsZCb6X7%2FqD6I3B1J%2FKWz6ROt0t4XNnciZJEKXlR856A75p7Lnb36x5TpCC | Vanuatu |
a brief one-page report, sent directly to the MCH Unit, is a low-cost first measure which will ensure each death provides a guide for change for caregivers, communities and health services (Mitchell, 1997, p. 31).
127 MHMS, Social Welfare Report, 1997, p. 3.
128 MHMS, Social Welfare Report, 1997, p. 3.
129 These grant amounts are flat rates based on a formula derived by MEHRD. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005174292.pdf | https://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=6QkG1d%2FPPRiCAqhKb7yhsie1GkAljn0QeJo3NO7rIujggQSAuiGa1XG1f5VbO4XzDlokRjsZCb6X7%2FqD6I3B1J%2FKWz6ROt0t4XNnciZJEKXlR856A75p7Lnb36x5TpCC | Vanuatu |
130 A good portion of this figure is assured to be composed of volunteer teachers from the United States, the United Kingdom and Japan and missionary societies.
The remainder may be expatriate teachers contracted by non-governmental schools.
131 No direct financing by UNICEF/UNDP.
132 These fees can be significantly above the approved government range, amounting to SI$ 1,000-2,000 per term in the highest cases.
This indicates a vast disparity in available education options within the urban capital area. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005174292.pdf | https://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=6QkG1d%2FPPRiCAqhKb7yhsie1GkAljn0QeJo3NO7rIujggQSAuiGa1XG1f5VbO4XzDlokRjsZCb6X7%2FqD6I3B1J%2FKWz6ROt0t4XNnciZJEKXlR856A75p7Lnb36x5TpCC | Vanuatu |
Other options utilized by expatriate families include correspondence education arranged through Australia, New Zealand or the United States, etc.
CRC/C/51/Add.6 page 133 133 Access to “non-fee” government schools is still based on students’ performance on the Solomon Islands Secondary Education (SISE) examination administered to Grade 6 students at the end of their academic year.
134 The percentage of CDF used in this manner is at the discretion of each MP.
Some Members do not provide such assistance. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005174292.pdf | https://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=6QkG1d%2FPPRiCAqhKb7yhsie1GkAljn0QeJo3NO7rIujggQSAuiGa1XG1f5VbO4XzDlokRjsZCb6X7%2FqD6I3B1J%2FKWz6ROt0t4XNnciZJEKXlR856A75p7Lnb36x5TpCC | Vanuatu |
Some Members do not provide such assistance.
The SIAC government has suspended the practice of dispersing funds in this manner.
135 “Solomon Islands Teacher Upgrading Project (SITUP) is currently recruiting 30 English and 30 Mathematics teachers who have taught five years or more in a primary school, for a year of study to upgrade their skill levels in order to teach up to Form 3 of Secondary.” Advertisement placed in The Solomon Star newspaper, Friday, 9 January 1998, p. 17.
136 1986 Census data. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005174292.pdf | https://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=6QkG1d%2FPPRiCAqhKb7yhsie1GkAljn0QeJo3NO7rIujggQSAuiGa1XG1f5VbO4XzDlokRjsZCb6X7%2FqD6I3B1J%2FKWz6ROt0t4XNnciZJEKXlR856A75p7Lnb36x5TpCC | Vanuatu |
136 1986 Census data.
137 Cited in Fia, P. (1997).
Social welfare report on social trends and lifestyle in the Solomon Islands: For “Evaluating health for all by the year 2000”, review report, MHMS, SWD, Honiara.
138 SIG/UNICEF (1993), p. 45.
139 Please refer to draft Policy, Strategy and Outline Plan of Action by NACC, annex 2.
140 Ibid.
141 Ibid.
142 Under-18 team wins 9 medals (16 July 1997).
The Solomon Star, p. 20.
143 Mini-Tennis Programme launched (16 July 1997).
The Solomon Star, p. 17. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005174292.pdf | https://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=6QkG1d%2FPPRiCAqhKb7yhsie1GkAljn0QeJo3NO7rIujggQSAuiGa1XG1f5VbO4XzDlokRjsZCb6X7%2FqD6I3B1J%2FKWz6ROt0t4XNnciZJEKXlR856A75p7Lnb36x5TpCC | Vanuatu |
The Solomon Star, p. 17.
144 Seminar on refugee and international law (8 October 1997).
The Solomon Star, p. 2.
145 Fia, P. (1997).
Social welfare report on social trends and lifestyle …, MHMS, SWD.
Honiara.
146 At some point during this time, the offender may also have contact with Juvenile Section officers, usually policewomen; however, the interrogation process usually does not include these officers. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005174292.pdf | https://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=6QkG1d%2FPPRiCAqhKb7yhsie1GkAljn0QeJo3NO7rIujggQSAuiGa1XG1f5VbO4XzDlokRjsZCb6X7%2FqD6I3B1J%2FKWz6ROt0t4XNnciZJEKXlR856A75p7Lnb36x5TpCC | Vanuatu |
Intimidation is commonly used in cases where police are fairly certain of the person’s guilt but when he/she will not admit to the crime.
Although the suspect is entitled to the company of legal counsel or juvenile officer at the time of questioning, they are often unaware of this right and do not exercise it.
147 All children or young offenders are expected to answer simply “yes” or “no” when asked their opinion of their own guilt or innocence. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005174292.pdf | https://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=6QkG1d%2FPPRiCAqhKb7yhsie1GkAljn0QeJo3NO7rIujggQSAuiGa1XG1f5VbO4XzDlokRjsZCb6X7%2FqD6I3B1J%2FKWz6ROt0t4XNnciZJEKXlR856A75p7Lnb36x5TpCC | Vanuatu |
CRC/C/51/Add.6 page 134 148 In fact, this is often the preferred sentence for juveniles in light of the present lack of prison facilities for juveniles.
149 Social Welfare Division, Annual Records 1996, cited in Fia, P. (1997).
Social welfare report on social trends and lifestyle in the Solomon Islands: For “Evaluating health for all by the year 2000” review report, MHMS, SWD, Honiara.
150 Cited in Fia, P. (1997). | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005174292.pdf | https://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=6QkG1d%2FPPRiCAqhKb7yhsie1GkAljn0QeJo3NO7rIujggQSAuiGa1XG1f5VbO4XzDlokRjsZCb6X7%2FqD6I3B1J%2FKWz6ROt0t4XNnciZJEKXlR856A75p7Lnb36x5TpCC | Vanuatu |
150 Cited in Fia, P. (1997).
Social welfare sector feedback progress report on children in especially difficult circumstances in relation to CRC for NACC, MHMS, SWD, Honiara.
151 Section 85 does not include protection from employment for children/young persons (12 years of age and upward) in the commercial sector.
The absence of such a specific legislative restriction does not imply that children over 12 years are thereby allowed to work in the commercial sector, e.g. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005174292.pdf | https://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=6QkG1d%2FPPRiCAqhKb7yhsie1GkAljn0QeJo3NO7rIujggQSAuiGa1XG1f5VbO4XzDlokRjsZCb6X7%2FqD6I3B1J%2FKWz6ROt0t4XNnciZJEKXlR856A75p7Lnb36x5TpCC | Vanuatu |
hotels, restaurants, casinos, hospitals, offices, theatres, etc.
It recognizes, however, that there is no legislative protection in place, thereby leaving children open for exploitation within the commercial sector.
Section 84 seems to cover protection of children in the commercial sector, in that the protection is only available for children under 12 years.
Children over 12 years technically have no protection under sections 85 or 86. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005174292.pdf | https://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=6QkG1d%2FPPRiCAqhKb7yhsie1GkAljn0QeJo3NO7rIujggQSAuiGa1XG1f5VbO4XzDlokRjsZCb6X7%2FqD6I3B1J%2FKWz6ROt0t4XNnciZJEKXlR856A75p7Lnb36x5TpCC | Vanuatu |
It is clear from Part IX of the Labour Act - in particular, sections 84, 85, 86, 87 - that no provision is in place prohibiting employment of children aged 12 and upwards in the commercial sector.
152 It must be pointed out, however, that there are many instances of children assisting older family members at work.
For example, smallholders who sell oil palm fruits to the processors rely on their family members, including children, to assist in collecting fruits during harvest time. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005174292.pdf | https://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=6QkG1d%2FPPRiCAqhKb7yhsie1GkAljn0QeJo3NO7rIujggQSAuiGa1XG1f5VbO4XzDlokRjsZCb6X7%2FqD6I3B1J%2FKWz6ROt0t4XNnciZJEKXlR856A75p7Lnb36x5TpCC | Vanuatu |
For children this may mean following along for considerable distances behind the load and picking up fallen fruits so that cash received by the grower is maximized.
It is common to see children and young people assisting at various construction sites, especially outside of the town area and during school holiday periods.
The issue of providing for their families’ welfare is a legitimate one.
The question to be resolved is at what point a child’s work becomes child labour. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005174292.pdf | https://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=6QkG1d%2FPPRiCAqhKb7yhsie1GkAljn0QeJo3NO7rIujggQSAuiGa1XG1f5VbO4XzDlokRjsZCb6X7%2FqD6I3B1J%2FKWz6ROt0t4XNnciZJEKXlR856A75p7Lnb36x5TpCC | Vanuatu |
This question and its definition needs to be addressed by relevant authorities.
153 Our men in Thin Red Line (7 November 1997).
The Solomon Star, p. 13.
154 Should the Solomon Islands Government oversee such arrangements?
If not, how shall a child be protected if an unscrupulous person takes advantage of his/her access to such a child?
This story stated that a grandparent accompanied one young girl.
Would the presence of relatives be enough of a safeguard? | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005174292.pdf | https://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=6QkG1d%2FPPRiCAqhKb7yhsie1GkAljn0QeJo3NO7rIujggQSAuiGa1XG1f5VbO4XzDlokRjsZCb6X7%2FqD6I3B1J%2FKWz6ROt0t4XNnciZJEKXlR856A75p7Lnb36x5TpCC | Vanuatu |
How does one ensure that the experience is not harmful to the child?
All such questions have relevance for the Labour Division, Foreign Affairs or the Tourism Authority.
155 Centre to hold course for policewomen (13 January 1998).
The Solomon Star, p. 5.
This article documents training by Family Support Centre staff on topics related to child abuse, sexual assaults, domestic violence, cultural and religious issues, and law, as well as communication and interview skills. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005174292.pdf | https://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=6QkG1d%2FPPRiCAqhKb7yhsie1GkAljn0QeJo3NO7rIujggQSAuiGa1XG1f5VbO4XzDlokRjsZCb6X7%2FqD6I3B1J%2FKWz6ROt0t4XNnciZJEKXlR856A75p7Lnb36x5TpCC | Vanuatu |
CRC/C/51/Add.6 page 135 156 Short announces new department to investigate complaints against police (4 October 1997).
The Solomon Star, p. 1.
The creation of a “Complaints and Internal Investigations Office” is designed to review procedures which lead to complaints by members of the public in an effort to reduce such complaints.
Procedures may need to be adapted when dealing with children and minors.
157 Haran, P. (9 August 1997).
Defenceless child horror.
Adelaide Advertiser, p. ? | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005174292.pdf | https://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=6QkG1d%2FPPRiCAqhKb7yhsie1GkAljn0QeJo3NO7rIujggQSAuiGa1XG1f5VbO4XzDlokRjsZCb6X7%2FqD6I3B1J%2FKWz6ROt0t4XNnciZJEKXlR856A75p7Lnb36x5TpCC | Vanuatu |
Adelaide Advertiser, p. ?
158 Ministry of Health staff, with input from the Family Support Centre, recently worked with a group of adult female casino workers and gave them information on exploitation and health concerns, legal rights, etc.
159 For the last few years the Government, via MHMS, has been working on legislation on tobacco.
If this bill is debated in Parliament and passed it will be the country’s first national law on tobacco. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005174292.pdf | https://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=6QkG1d%2FPPRiCAqhKb7yhsie1GkAljn0QeJo3NO7rIujggQSAuiGa1XG1f5VbO4XzDlokRjsZCb6X7%2FqD6I3B1J%2FKWz6ROt0t4XNnciZJEKXlR856A75p7Lnb36x5TpCC | Vanuatu |
[MHMS, SWD (1997), Report on Social Trends and Lifestyle in the Solomon Islands …, p.
12.]
160 Iroga, R.L.
(27 January 1998).
Are those U-18 banned in clubs?
The Solomon Star, p. 6.
161 Fia, P. (1996).
Social Welfare Sector Feedback Progress Report … for NACC, p. 14.
162 Police raid illegal beer outlets (28 October1997).
The Solomon Star, p. 2.
163 Rusa, D. Downward trend in crime (10 February 1998).
The Solomon Star, p. 6.
164 The country derives a great deal of income from alcoholic beverages. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005174292.pdf | https://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=6QkG1d%2FPPRiCAqhKb7yhsie1GkAljn0QeJo3NO7rIujggQSAuiGa1XG1f5VbO4XzDlokRjsZCb6X7%2FqD6I3B1J%2FKWz6ROt0t4XNnciZJEKXlR856A75p7Lnb36x5TpCC | Vanuatu |
Import duty from alcoholic beverages in 1994 totalled approximately SI$ 8,762,443; while excise tax on locally-produced beer in the same year was estimated to be SI$ 7,875,000 [McDonald D. (1996) Prevention of alcohol-related problems in the Pacific, cited in MHMS, SWD, Report on Social Trends and Lifestyle … (1997), p.
13.]
165 Fia, P. (1996), cited in Fia, P. (1997).
Social welfare report on social trends and lifestyle in the Solomon Islands: For “Evaluating health for all by the year 2000”. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005174292.pdf | https://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=6QkG1d%2FPPRiCAqhKb7yhsie1GkAljn0QeJo3NO7rIujggQSAuiGa1XG1f5VbO4XzDlokRjsZCb6X7%2FqD6I3B1J%2FKWz6ROt0t4XNnciZJEKXlR856A75p7Lnb36x5TpCC | Vanuatu |
MHMS, Social Welfare Division, p. 14.
166 Paedophilia in Paradise (October 1997).
Pacific Islands Monthly, pp.
17-24.
CRC/C/51/Add.6 page 136 References Asian Development Bank (1997).
Solomon Islands Economic Report 1997, Honiara.
Central Bank of Solomon Islands (1997).
Quarterly Review, September 1997, Honiara.
Chevalier, C. (1997).
Being wise after the event: Learning from childhood deaths in Choiseul Province. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005174292.pdf | https://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=6QkG1d%2FPPRiCAqhKb7yhsie1GkAljn0QeJo3NO7rIujggQSAuiGa1XG1f5VbO4XzDlokRjsZCb6X7%2FqD6I3B1J%2FKWz6ROt0t4XNnciZJEKXlR856A75p7Lnb36x5TpCC | Vanuatu |
Unpublished paper presented as a Master’s seminar at Solomon Islands Medical Training and Research Institute (SIMTRI), December 1997, Honiara.
Davies, E. A.
(1997).
Mission report: Adolescent health in Solomon Islands.
World Health Organization, Regional Office for the Western Pacific.
Fia, P. (1996).
Social welfare sector feedback progress report on children in especially difficult circumstances in relation to CRC for NACC. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005174292.pdf | https://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=6QkG1d%2FPPRiCAqhKb7yhsie1GkAljn0QeJo3NO7rIujggQSAuiGa1XG1f5VbO4XzDlokRjsZCb6X7%2FqD6I3B1J%2FKWz6ROt0t4XNnciZJEKXlR856A75p7Lnb36x5TpCC | Vanuatu |
Ministry of Health and Medical Services (MHMS), Social Welfare Division (SWD), Honiara.
Fia, P.
(1996?).
Youth and other social problems in Solomon Islands: An overview.
MHMS, SWD, Honiara.
Fia, P. (1997).
Social welfare report on social trends and lifestyle in the Solomon Islands: For “Evaluating health for all by the year 2000”, review report.
MHMS, SWD, Honiara.
Ministry of Education and Human Resource Development (1997).
Education policy and administrative handbook.
MEHRD, Honiara. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005174292.pdf | https://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=6QkG1d%2FPPRiCAqhKb7yhsie1GkAljn0QeJo3NO7rIujggQSAuiGa1XG1f5VbO4XzDlokRjsZCb6X7%2FqD6I3B1J%2FKWz6ROt0t4XNnciZJEKXlR856A75p7Lnb36x5TpCC | Vanuatu |
MEHRD, Honiara.
Ministry of Health and Medical Services (1996).
The Comprehensive Review of Health Services Report, Honiara.
Mitchell, J.
(1997).
A review of the Solomon Islands Maternal Child Health Division.
Unpublished draft, SCFA/UNICEF, Honiara.
Muntarbhorn, V. (1997).
A Sourcebook for reporting under the Convention on the Rights of the Child.
Bangkok, Thailand.
Poerio, L. (1995).
Domestic violence in Solomon Islands: Results of a community survey.
Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005174292.pdf | https://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=6QkG1d%2FPPRiCAqhKb7yhsie1GkAljn0QeJo3NO7rIujggQSAuiGa1XG1f5VbO4XzDlokRjsZCb6X7%2FqD6I3B1J%2FKWz6ROt0t4XNnciZJEKXlR856A75p7Lnb36x5TpCC | Vanuatu |
Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia.
Solomon Islands Government (SIG) (1997).
Education Statistics 1995.
Statistical Bulletin No.
03/97, Honiara.
SIG/UNICEF (1993).
A Situational Analysis of Women and Children in the Solomon Islands.
Honiara.
CRC/C/51/Add.6 page 137 University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia (1997).
MTH students conducted research into the sexual knowledge and behaviour of teenage girls in Honiara.
Unpublished paper distributed to survey participants.
UNICEF (1992). | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005174292.pdf | https://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=6QkG1d%2FPPRiCAqhKb7yhsie1GkAljn0QeJo3NO7rIujggQSAuiGa1XG1f5VbO4XzDlokRjsZCb6X7%2FqD6I3B1J%2FKWz6ROt0t4XNnciZJEKXlR856A75p7Lnb36x5TpCC | Vanuatu |
UNICEF (1992).
The State of the Pacific’s Children.
Submission to South Pacific Forum, Honiara, Solomon Islands.
World Bank (1994).
Health Priorities and Options in the World Bank’s Pacific Member Countries, Chapter 5: Solomon Islands, pp.
153-214.
Yates, D., et al.
(1992).
Community-based rehabilitation for people with disabilities in Solomon Islands: A feasibility study and plan of action.
MHMS and Save the Children Fund Australia, Honiara.
----- | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005174292.pdf | https://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=6QkG1d%2FPPRiCAqhKb7yhsie1GkAljn0QeJo3NO7rIujggQSAuiGa1XG1f5VbO4XzDlokRjsZCb6X7%2FqD6I3B1J%2FKWz6ROt0t4XNnciZJEKXlR856A75p7Lnb36x5TpCC | Vanuatu |
SYRIA EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Syria is a republic ruled by the authoritarian regime of President Bashar al-Asad.
The president makes key decisions with counsel from a small number of security advisors, ministers, and senior members of the ruling Ba’ath (Arab Socialist Renaissance) Party.
The constitution mandates the primacy of Ba’ath Party leaders in state institutions and society.
President Asad and party leaders dominate all three branches of government. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722004952929.pdf | https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/186661.pdf | Syrian Arab Republic |
Asad was confirmed as president for his second seven-year term in a 2007 yes-or-no referendum that was neither free nor fair by international standards.
Security forces reported to civilian authorities.
Calls for democratic reform by nonviolent demonstrators began in mid-March and continued through year’s end.
The Asad regime used indiscriminate and deadly force to quell such protests, including military assaults on several cities. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722004952929.pdf | https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/186661.pdf | Syrian Arab Republic |
For example, in late April the regime deprived the southern city of Dara’a of electricity, water, and medical services, and it restricted entry and exit for approximately 20 days while shelling mosques and other civilian targets.
The regime maintained the use of deadly force against its citizens despite its agreement to an Arab League plan to engage in reforms and cease killing civilians on November 2.
The UN reported that more than 5,000 civilians were killed during the year. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722004952929.pdf | https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/186661.pdf | Syrian Arab Republic |
When the protests began in March, local committees emerged and took responsibility for organizing events within their own communities.
Together the committees formed the Local Coordinating Committees (LCCs) of Syria. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722004952929.pdf | https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/186661.pdf | Syrian Arab Republic |
The three most egregious human rights problems during the year were the regime’s denial of its citizens’ right to peacefully change the government; massive attacks and strategic use of citizen killings as a means of intimidation and control; and denial of civil liberties such as freedom of speech, assembly, and association. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722004952929.pdf | https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/186661.pdf | Syrian Arab Republic |
Other serious problems included disappearances; torture and abuse; poor prison and detention center conditions; arbitrary arrest and detention; denial of fair public trial; arbitrary interference with privacy; and lack of press, Internet, and academic freedom.
Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) remained restricted in practice, especially those that attempted to work in the areas of civil society and democracy.
The government restricted freedoms of religion and movement. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722004952929.pdf | https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/186661.pdf | Syrian Arab Republic |
Several groups in society, notably a portion of the Kurdish population, were denied citizenship.
There was limited progress on laws combating trafficking in persons.
Violence Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2011 United States Department of State • Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor SYRIA 2 and societal discrimination against women and minorities continued, and workers’ rights remained restricted. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722004952929.pdf | https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/186661.pdf | Syrian Arab Republic |
Impunity was pervasive and deeply embedded, as the government made no attempt to punish, arrest, or prosecute officials who violated human rights.
Corruption was rampant throughout the government, and the judiciary lacked independence.
According to government-controlled media, armed opposition groups committed numerous conflict-related abuses. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722004952929.pdf | https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/186661.pdf | Syrian Arab Republic |
Given a lack of corroboration, the uncoordinated nature of armed groups, and the intensity of the conflict in many regions, it was extremely difficult to confirm whether opposition groups had committed human rights violations.
Section 1.
Respect for the Integrity of the Person, Including Freedom from: a. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722004952929.pdf | https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/186661.pdf | Syrian Arab Republic |
Arbitrary or Unlawful Deprivation of Life During the year there were thousands of reports of arbitrary or unlawful deprivation of life, many as a result of government actions against peaceful prodemocracy protesters.
Human Rights Watch (HRW), among other NGOs, recorded testimony from several members of government security forces claiming commanding officers ordered them to fire on protesters. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722004952929.pdf | https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/186661.pdf | Syrian Arab Republic |
The UN reported that since the March protest began, more than 5,000 civilians had been killed by year’s end, while UNICEF confirmed that at least 386 children were killed in the same period.
Activist groups inside the country reported numerous undocumented deaths and alleged that the regime arbitrarily killed hundreds of civilians with heavy weaponry.
According to reports, the regime fired antiaircraft guns at civilians in several cities, including Homs in August, September, and November. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722004952929.pdf | https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/186661.pdf | Syrian Arab Republic |
Eyewitnesses also reported the use of snipers in various cities including Dara’a, Homs, Deir al-Zour, and Damascus and its suburbs.
Activists reported that victims were often chosen at random and many of them were not associated with the protests.
According to a June 1 HRW report, on multiple occasions beginning in March, government security forces shot and killed protesters in the southern governorate of Dara’a and prevented injured protesters from receiving medical care, resulting in many more deaths. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722004952929.pdf | https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/186661.pdf | Syrian Arab Republic |
Other NGOs reported similar events elsewhere, as well as that security forces entered hospitals in order to slow or interrupt medical care.
The government also reportedly tortured detainees to death. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722004952929.pdf | https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/186661.pdf | Syrian Arab Republic |
An August 31 Amnesty International (AI) report detailed extrajudicial killings in detention facilities, noting that at least 88 deaths were reported to AI between April 1 and 15 and that there was evidence that torture caused or contributed to death in Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2011 United States Department of State • Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor SYRIA 3 at least 52 cases. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722004952929.pdf | https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/186661.pdf | Syrian Arab Republic |
The government claimed it had set up a commission to investigate allegations of torture and extrajudicial killings, but at year’s end there was no evidence it was operational.
On the evening of April 17, unknown attackers killed 17 protesters in Homs when they opened fire on a crowd mourning the death in custody of a tribal leader. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722004952929.pdf | https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/186661.pdf | Syrian Arab Republic |
The government did not launch an investigation into the incident, stating that members of the ultraconservative Salafist Muslim organization were responsible, but antigovernment activists maintained that government agents perpetrated the violence.
On May 24, one month after his disappearance, security forces returned the body of 13-year-old Hamza Khatib to his family.
On April 29, according to human rights observers, Khatib was arrested during antigovernment protests in the southern city of Saida. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722004952929.pdf | https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/186661.pdf | Syrian Arab Republic |
Activists reported that government security forces severely tortured, castrated, and killed the boy.
Videos of an unofficial autopsy showed a corpse badly scarred and beaten with bullet wounds in both arms.
There were no arrests or prosecutions of those responsible for Khatib’s death.
At year’s end there were no known developments in cases of unlawful killing from prior years, including Riyadh Ahmed Khalil, Wadee’ Sha’booq, and Yusuf Jabouli.
b. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722004952929.pdf | https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/186661.pdf | Syrian Arab Republic |
b.
Disappearance Forced disappearances took place in previous years; however, the number of disappearances reported increased substantially after antiregime demonstrations began in mid-March.
The vast majority of disappearances reported by activists, human rights observers, and international NGOs appeared to be politically motivated.
The regime targeted critics and antigovernment protesters.
LCCs and the international NGO Insan reported thousands of disappearances following antigovernment protests. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722004952929.pdf | https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/186661.pdf | Syrian Arab Republic |
Detention without notification was common.
On April 22, for instance, 18-year-old Abdel Aziz Kamal al-Rihawi disappeared from the Damascus suburb of Harasta after attending antigovernment demonstrations.
Insan reported that al-Rihawi had called a relative and said that security forces shooting live ammunition were preventing him from leaving the area.
At year’s end the government had not provided any information about his disappearance. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722004952929.pdf | https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/186661.pdf | Syrian Arab Republic |
Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2011 United States Department of State • Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor SYRIA 4 c. Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment The law prohibits such practices, and the penal code provides up to three years’ imprisonment for violations.
Local NGOs reported a substantial increase in the use of torture by authorities subsequent to the onset of antigovernment protests in March. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722004952929.pdf | https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/186661.pdf | Syrian Arab Republic |
Activists cited hundreds of credible cases of security forces allegedly abusing and torturing prisoners and detainees, maintaining that many instances of abuse went unreported.
Some victims died as a result of torture.
Others declined to allow their names or details of their cases to be reported for fear of government reprisal. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722004952929.pdf | https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/186661.pdf | Syrian Arab Republic |
Numerous NGOs, including the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights (SOHR), asserted that hundreds of corpses returned to families during the year exhibited signs of torture on their bodies.
There were a significant number of exceptionally brutal cases of abuse of children by the regime during the year. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722004952929.pdf | https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/186661.pdf | Syrian Arab Republic |
The UN Commission of Inquiry’s November 28 report included numerous testimonies on sexual torture used on male detainees such as beating of the genitals, forced oral sex, electroshocks and cigarette burns to the anus, and repeated threats that they would be raped in front of their family and that their wives and daughters would also be raped. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722004952929.pdf | https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/186661.pdf | Syrian Arab Republic |
The commission also reported that former detainees witnessed the presence of children younger than 10 in detention centers in various locations run by the military and security forces and that torture was applied equally to adults and children. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722004952929.pdf | https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/186661.pdf | Syrian Arab Republic |
Testimonies indicated that boys in detention were subjected to sexual torture in front of adult men; for instance, a 20- year-old man witnessed the rape of an 11-year-old boy by three security service offers while another man witnessed a 15-year-old boy being raped in front of his father. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722004952929.pdf | https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/186661.pdf | Syrian Arab Republic |
Former prisoners, detainees, and reputable local human rights groups reported that other methods of torture and abuse included electrical shocks, pulling out fingernails, forcing objects into the rectum, beatings while the victim is suspended from the ceiling and on the soles of the feet, alternately dousing victims with freezing water and beating them in extremely cold rooms, hyperextending the spine, bending the body into the frame of a wheel and whipping exposed body parts, using a backward-bending chair to asphyxiate the victim or fracture the spine, and stripping prisoners naked for public view. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722004952929.pdf | https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/186661.pdf | Syrian Arab Republic |
On March 6, local secret police arrested and tortured 15 boys between the ages of 10 and 15 who had spray-painted revolutionary messages on a wall in the southern governorate of Dara’a.
Police reportedly beat and burned the children and pulled out their fingernails. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722004952929.pdf | https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/186661.pdf | Syrian Arab Republic |
When the boys’ families marched on the governor’s house to demand their release, security forces opened fire on them, sparking demonstrations Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2011 United States Department of State • Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor SYRIA 5 and government actions in retaliation.
Authorities released the children after two weeks.
On September 10, the body of activist Ghiyath Mattar was returned to his family with noticeable signs of torture. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722004952929.pdf | https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/186661.pdf | Syrian Arab Republic |
On September 6, air force intelligence officers had arrested him in the Damascus suburb of Daraya.
There were no investigations by authorities into his death.
Berazani Karro, a Kurd who was reportedly tortured in detention and sentenced to five years in prison in March 2010, was believed to have been released. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722004952929.pdf | https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/186661.pdf | Syrian Arab Republic |
Prison and Detention Center Conditions Harsh and life-threatening prison conditions were common, especially after arrests stemming from the protests caused a substantial increase in the prison and detention center population.
The generally poor facilities did not meet international standards for health and sanitation.
Detention conditions at security and intelligence service facilities were the harshest, while those at the Ministry of Justice were less severe. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722004952929.pdf | https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/186661.pdf | Syrian Arab Republic |
Facilities lacked proper ventilation, lighting, access to potable water or adequate food, and sufficient sleeping quarters.
Released prisoners commonly complained of sickness and injury due to unacceptable conditions.
Reports of maltreatment and abuse of prisoners were very common According to local and international NGOs, the government held prisoners and detainees without adequate basic or emergency medical care. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722004952929.pdf | https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/186661.pdf | Syrian Arab Republic |
The government did not provide statistics on its prison population, but NGOs highlighted overcrowding as one of the major problems in prisons.
Because of increased arrests and detentions during the year, according to international media, authorities converted stadiums to prisons for antiregime demonstrators in the coastal city of Banias and the southern city of Dara’a. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722004952929.pdf | https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/186661.pdf | Syrian Arab Republic |
Activists asserted that the regime also housed arrested protesters in factories and vacant warehouses that were overcrowded and lacked adequate bathroom facilities.
The government reportedly held minors in adult facilities.
Pretrial detainees were usually held separately from convicted prisoners.
However, during the year they were often temporarily held together in inadequate spaces. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722004952929.pdf | https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/186661.pdf | Syrian Arab Republic |
Facilities for political or national security prisoners, especially accused Islamists, were generally much worse than those for common criminals.
Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2011 United States Department of State • Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor SYRIA 6 Each branch of the four security services operated its own detention centers, and most cases of torture or mistreatment reportedly occurred in these facilities. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722004952929.pdf | https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/186661.pdf | Syrian Arab Republic |
According to local NGOs, authorities sometimes deliberately placed political prisoners in crowded cells with convicted and alleged felons and subjected them to verbal and physical threats.
Political prisoners also reported they often slept on the ground due to lack of beds, were subject to frequent searches, and faced solitary confinement if authorities found them in possession of impermissible items. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722004952929.pdf | https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/186661.pdf | Syrian Arab Republic |
Guards regularly eavesdropped on political prisoners’ conversations with their lawyers and visiting family members.
Some former detainees and human rights observers reported that the government denied political prisoners access to reading materials, including the Qur’an.
The LCCs reported that government security forces used excessive force to quell several prison riots during the year.
On June 22, for example, security forces suppressed a general strike by prisoners in a prison in Hassakeh. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722004952929.pdf | https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/186661.pdf | Syrian Arab Republic |
According to the LCCs, after prisoners took the main prison square, security forces stormed the prison with tear gas and live ammunition.
Four people were reportedly killed as a result of the operation.
The government did not release any information on this or any other prison riot during the year.
There were numerous examples of authorities failing to protect those in custody.
Several human rights groups reported that the regime actively incited violence against political prisoners. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722004952929.pdf | https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/186661.pdf | Syrian Arab Republic |
On September 10, SOHR reported that regime loyalists beat prominent activist Najati Tayara in his prison cell in Homs.
The 66-year-old Tayara was arrested after he reported to Western media that the regime was “shelling” Homs in response to political protests against the regime.
According to NGOs, prisoners have the right to complain about harsh treatment or conditions. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722004952929.pdf | https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/186661.pdf | Syrian Arab Republic |
However, there were no credible mechanisms or avenues for prisoners to complain or submit grievances, and authorities rarely investigated allegations or provided public documentation of complaints or grievances.
Activists reported there was no ombudsman to serve on behalf of prisoners and detainees.
There were no serious attempts by the government to improve recordkeeping or use alternative sentences for nonviolent offenders. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722004952929.pdf | https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/186661.pdf | Syrian Arab Republic |
Prisoners officially charged with crimes had limited access to visitors, although most visits were closely monitored by security officials.
However, thousands of prisoners detained without charge were held incommunicado in unknown locations. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722004952929.pdf | https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/186661.pdf | Syrian Arab Republic |
The government generally prohibited independent monitoring of prison or detention center conditions; however, diplomatic and consular officials had limited Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2011 United States Department of State • Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor SYRIA 7 access in some cases. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722004952929.pdf | https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/186661.pdf | Syrian Arab Republic |
On September 6, the regime allowed a high-profile visit from the staff of the International Committee of the Red Cross, who toured the central prison in the Damascus suburb of Adra and met with several prisoners.
d. Arbitrary Arrest or Detention The constitution prohibits arbitrary arrest and detention.
In practice, however, these activities persisted and were significant problems. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722004952929.pdf | https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/186661.pdf | Syrian Arab Republic |
In effect until April 19, the Emergency Law authorized the government to conduct preventive arrests and overrode constitutional and penal code provisions against arbitrary arrest and detention, including the need to obtain warrants.
After the Emergency Law was technically lifted, security forces continued to make arbitrary arrests and often accepted bribes to release those arrested. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722004952929.pdf | https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/186661.pdf | Syrian Arab Republic |
Role of the Police and Security Apparatus Civilian authorities did not maintain effective control over the four major branches of security forces.
Military Intelligence and Air Force Intelligence report to the Ministry of Defense, the Political Security Directorate reports to the Ministry of Interior, and the General Intelligence Directorate reports directly to the Office of the President. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722004952929.pdf | https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/186661.pdf | Syrian Arab Republic |
The Interior Ministry controls the four separate divisions of police forces: emergency police, traffic police, neighborhood police, and riot police.
Impunity was a widespread problem.
The General Command of the Army and Armed Forces may issue an arrest warrant in the case of crimes committed by military officers, members of the internal security forces, or customs police officers in the pursuit of their normal duties; such cases must be tried in military courts. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722004952929.pdf | https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/186661.pdf | Syrian Arab Republic |