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Triethyl borate is a member of the class of borate esters obtained by the formal condensation of three equivalents of ethanol with boric acid. It is functionally related to an ethanol. | 苯甲醚（英語：methyl phenyl ether）也称茴香醚（英語：anisole），是芳香醚的一种，分子式为C6H5OCH3。无色液体，具有香味。溶于乙醇、乙醚，不溶于水。 | 0 |
Arsenic acid is an arsenic oxoacid comprising one oxo group and three hydroxy groups attached to a central arsenic atom. It has a role as an Escherichia coli metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of an arsenate(1-) and an arsenate ion. | 利巴韦林（英語：Ribavirin，俗称病毒唑），是一种抗病毒药，属合成核苷类药，1970年由ICN制药公司Joseph T. Witkowski合成。对许多DNA和RNA病毒有抑制作用，其机理尚不清楚。美國食品藥物管理局（FDA）只许可用于配合长效干扰素治療丙肝、人類呼吸道融合病毒（RSV），和某些出血热(WHO)的治疗。 | 0 |
Menthol is an organic compound, specifically a monoterpenoid, that occurs naturally in the oils of several plants in the mint family, such as corn mint and peppermint. It is a white or clear waxy crystalline substance that is solid at room temperature and melts slightly above. The main form of menthol occurring in nature is (−)-menthol, which is assigned the (1R,2S,5R) configuration.
For many people, menthol produces a cooling sensation when inhaled, eaten, or applied to the skin, and mint plants have been used for centuries for topical pain relief and as a food flavoring. Menthol has local anesthetic and counterirritant qualities, and it is widely used to relieve minor throat irritation. Menthol also acts as a weak κ-opioid receptor agonist. | 氯米帕明（Clomipramine），常見商品名Anafranil，為一種三环类抗抑郁药（TCA）。本品可用於治療强迫症、恐慌症、重性抑郁障碍，以及慢性疼痛等等。65歲以上年長者用藥會降低自殺風險。本品為口服藥。
副作用包含口乾、便秘、食慾下降、昏睡、性功能障礙，以及排尿困難等等。嚴重副作用則包含癲癇、狂躁，以及肝臟問題，25歲以下年輕人用藥可能會增加自殺風險。驟然停藥可能會出現戒斷症，包含頭痛、盜汗，以及頭暈等等。妊娠期間用藥的安全性迄今未明。其作用機轉上不清楚，可能與增加血液中血清素含量有關
氯米帕明最早由瑞士製藥公司诺华公司於1964年發現，本品列名於世界卫生组织基本药物标准清单之中，為基礎公衛體系必備藥物之一。本品屬通用名药物。2014年，其每日劑量於发展中国家的批發價約介於0.11至0.21之間。在美國，本品每日正常劑量約為1.20美金。本品由伊米帕明合成而得。 | 0 |
Ferulic acid is a ferulic acid consisting of trans-cinnamic acid bearing methoxy and hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively on the phenyl ring. It has a role as an antioxidant, a MALDI matrix material, a plant metabolite, an anti-inflammatory agent, an apoptosis inhibitor and a cardioprotective agent. It is a conjugate acid of a ferulate. | 硝酸鹽是一個多原子離子其分子式NO3−和分子量62.0049克/mol。关于含有機官能團RONO2的物质，参见硝酸酯。
许多金属都能形成硝酸盐，包括无水盐或水合物。 | 0 |
Helenalin is a sesquiterpene lactone that is 3,3a,4,4a,7a,8,9,9a-octahydroazuleno[6,5-b]furan-2,5-dione substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4, methyl groups at positions 4a and 8 and a methylidene group at position 3 (the 3aS,4S,4aR,7aR,8R,9aR stereoisomer). It has a role as an anti-inflammatory agent, an antineoplastic agent, a plant metabolite and a metabolite. It is a gamma-lactone, a cyclic ketone, an organic heterotricyclic compound, a sesquiterpene lactone and a secondary alcohol. | 烟碱烯是一种有机化合物，化学式为C10H10N2。它可由烟碱的催化脱氢反应制得；1-甲基吡咯和3-溴吡啶在二异丙基乙胺存在下、9,10-二氰基蒽的催化下于乙腈中反应，也能得到产物。 | 0 |
Neurine is a citraconoyl group. | 二烯丙基二硫（英語：diallyl disulfide，縮寫DADS）又叫4,5-二硫杂-1,7-辛二烯（4,5-dithia-1,7-octadiene），是一種有機硫化合物，常见于葱属植物中，如洋葱和大蒜。二烯丙基二硫、二烯丙基三硫和二烯丙基四硫是大蒜油的主要成分。DADS是一种淡黄液体，不溶于水，含有强烈蒜臭味。大蒜或者其他葱科植物切开后就会释放蒜素，蒜素分解后可得到DADS，它对大蒜健康生长有很多好处，但它也是一种抗敏原，会导致大蒜过敏。通过高度稀释后的DADS也可以用作食物调味料。 | 0 |
2-methylbutan-1-ol is a primary alcohol that is isopentane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1. It has a role as a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite. It is an alkyl alcohol and a primary alcohol. It derives from a hydride of an isopentane. | 三唑仑（Triazolam，商標名：Apo-Triazo、Halcion、Hypam及Trilam）是一種苯二氮䓬类镇静催眠药，半衰期极短，只有1到2个小时，临床上多用于以入睡困难为主的失眠病人，但因其成瘾性极强，在中國已归入精神药品一类管制。英國歌手馬克·歐蒙（Marc Almond）在其自傳中透露他在1985年至1994年期間曾沉溺過這種藥物。 | 0 |
Pentachloronitrobenzene is a C-nitro compound that is nitrobenzene in which every hydrogen has been replaced by a chlorine. A fungicide used on a variety of crops, including cotton, rice and seed grains, it is no longer approved for use within the European Union. It has a role as an antifungal agrochemical. It is a C-nitro compound, a member of pentachlorobenzenes and an aromatic fungicide. | 吡咯并喹啉醌（英語：Pyrroloquinoline quinone，简称为PQQ）是由J·G·豪格（J.G. Hauge）发现的在细菌中存在的继烟酰胺和黄素以外的第三种氧化还原辅因子（尽管他们事先假设它是萘醌）。安东尼与札特曼亦在醇脱氢酶中发现了这种未知的氧化还原辅因子并将它命名为“methoxatin”。 | 0 |
Silicon monoxide is a silicon oxide. | 吉西他滨（英語：Gemcitabine），是用于化学疗法的人工合成胞嘧啶核苷衍生物，具有放射增敏作用強，毒副作用較小的特點。礼来公司的注册商品名为健择（Gemzar）。 | 0 |
Acetophenone is a methyl ketone that is acetone in which one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group. It has a role as a photosensitizing agent, an animal metabolite and a xenobiotic. | 乙酸苄酯，结构式CH3C(O)OCH2C6H5，屬於有機化合物，是酯的一種。天然存在於橙花油、風信子油、栀子油等中。 | 0 |
Dexamethasone is a fluorinated steroid that is 9-fluoropregna-1,4-diene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 11, 17 and 21, a methyl group at position 16 and oxo groups at positions 3 and 20. It is a synthetic member of the class of glucocorticoids. It has a role as an adrenergic agent, an antiemetic, an antineoplastic agent, an environmental contaminant, a xenobiotic, an immunosuppressive agent and an anti-inflammatory drug. It is a fluorinated steroid, a 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid, a glucocorticoid, a 20-oxo steroid, an 11beta-hydroxy steroid, a 17alpha-hydroxy steroid and a 21-hydroxy steroid. It derives from a hydride of a pregnane. | 蜕皮酮或为蜕皮甾酮（英語：Ecdysone）是一种昆虫的类固醇激素原，是涉及昆虫蜕皮的主要激素20-羟基蜕皮酮的前体，由前胸腺分泌。蜕皮酮与其衍生物等统称为蜕皮激素，作用于节肢动物与相关门类起到蜕皮与其它作用。在黑腹果蝇（Drosophila melanogaster）中，蜕皮酮浓度的增加会诱导编码幼虫蜕皮所需基因的蛋白表达，并导致染色体膨大和多線染色體（polytene chromosomes）形成。Chris Q. Doe的实验室最近发现了蜕皮酮在果蝇的神經幹細胞中的新作用。 | 0 |
Meropenem is a carbapenemcarboxylic acid in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and 5-(dimethylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-3-ylthio substituents respectively. It has a role as an antibacterial drug, an antibacterial agent and a drug allergen. It is a carbapenemcarboxylic acid, a pyrrolidinecarboxamide, an alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid and an organic sulfide. | 达芦那韦由制药公司Tibotec研制，并由在伊利诺伊大学芝加哥分校发现该分子的化学教授，Arun K. Ghosh命名。它于 2006年6月23日获得美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）的批准。它也在世界卫生组织基本药物标准清单里。固定剂量的组合药物达芦那韦/考比司他（商品名Rezolsta销售）可作为单一药丸使用。 | 0 |
Pioglitazone, sold under the brand name Actos among others, is an anti-diabetic medication used to treat type 2 diabetes. It may be used with metformin, a sulfonylurea, or insulin. Use is recommended together with exercise and diet. It is not recommended in type 1 diabetes. It is taken by mouth.
Common side effects include headaches, muscle pains, inflammation of the throat, and swelling. Serious side effects may include bladder cancer, low blood sugar, heart failure, and osteoporosis. Use is not recommended in pregnancy or breastfeeding. It is in the thiazolidinedione (TZD) class and works by improving sensitivity of tissues to insulin.
Pioglitazone was patented in 1985, and came into medical use in 1999. It is available as a generic medication. In 2022, it was the 120th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 5 million prescriptions. It was withdrawn in France and Germany in 2011. | 芸苔素内酯（又称油菜素内酯）是一种植物激素。它是第一种被成功分离并具有生物活性的油菜素类固醇，源于欧洲油菜的花粉能够促进茎的伸长和细胞分裂这一现象。 | 0 |
Acetylacetone is an organic compound with the chemical formula CH3−C(O)−CH3. It is classified as a 1,3-diketone. It exists in equilibrium with a tautomer CH3−C(C(−OH)−CH3. The mixture is a colorless liquid. These tautomers interconvert so rapidly under most conditions that they are treated as a single compound in most applications. Acetylacetone is a building block for the synthesis of many coordination complexes as well as heterocyclic compounds. | 衣康酸（Itaconic acid）是一种五个碳的二羧酸。它是柠檬酸蒸馏时的三种产物之一，其他两个产物为柠康酸和中康酸。衣康(Itaconic)一词是乌头(aconitic)一词的易位构词。 | 0 |
Pivmecillinam (INN), or amdinocillin pivoxil (USAN), sold under the brand name Selexid and Pivya among others, is an orally active prodrug of mecillinam, an extended-spectrum penicillin antibiotic. Pivmecillinam is the pivaloyloxymethyl ester of mecillinam.
The most common side effects include nausea and diarrhea. | 环阿屯醇（英語：Cycloartenol，也叫做9β,19-环-24-羊毛甾烯-3β-醇，9β,19-cyclo-24-lanosten-3β-ol，环菠萝烯醇）是一种重要的三萜固醇，以环阿屯烷为骨架结构（带有环丙烷基团），主要存在于植物中，几乎所有植物胆固醇生物合成的过程均经过此化合物，在动物和真菌中，对应的是羊毛甾醇。 | 0 |
Sulfur tetrafluoride is a sulfur coordination entity. | 氰草津（英語：Cyanazine，又名草净津）是一种广谱除草剂，属于三嗪类，能抑制植物的光合作用控制杂草生长。 | 0 |
Chrysanthenone (C10H14O) is a terpenoid. It can be produced from its isomer verbenone in a photochemical rearrangement reaction. | 丙醇二酸（Tartronic acid）是一種二羧酸，全名為2-羟基丙二酸，結構式為HOOCCH(OH)COOH。丙醇二酸中有羥基及羧基，因此也是羥基羧酸（hydroxydicarboxylic acid）。新鮮黄瓜和冬瓜等食物中都含有丙醇二酸。 | 0 |
Halothane, sold under the brand name Fluothane among others, is a general anaesthetic. It can be used to induce or maintain anaesthesia. One of its benefits is that it does not increase the production of saliva, which can be particularly useful in those who are difficult to intubate. It is given by inhalation.
Side effects include an irregular heartbeat, respiratory depression, and hepatotoxicity. Like all volatile anesthetics, it should not be used in people with a personal or family history of malignant hyperthermia. It appears to be safe in porphyria. It is unclear whether its usage during pregnancy is harmful to the fetus, and its use during a C-section is generally discouraged. Halothane is a chiral molecule that is used as a racemic mixture.
Halothane was discovered in 1951. It was approved for medical use in the United States in 1958. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. Its use in developed countries has been mostly replaced by newer anesthetic agents such as sevoflurane. It is no longer commercially available in the United States. Halothane also contributes to ozone depletion. | 喷托雷司又称α,β-二甲基苯丙胺，化学式为C11H17N。它是与芬特明相关的兴奋剂，也是可以帮助减肥的降食欲剂。此外，它还是利尿剂。喷托雷司于1960年代开发。 | 0 |
Desloratadine is loratadine in which the ethoxycarbonyl group attached to the piperidine ring is replaced by hydrogen. The major metabolite of loratidine, desloratadine is an antihistamine which is used for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions including rhinitis and chronic urticaria. It does not readily enter the central nervous system, so does not cause drowsiness. It has a role as a H1-receptor antagonist, an anti-allergic agent, a cholinergic antagonist and a drug metabolite. | 甲氧那明（Methoxyphenamine），化学式C11H17NO，安非他命衍生物的一种，是一种支气管扩张药，主要作用于β肾上腺素受体。 | 0 |
Chloroform is a one-carbon compound that is methane in which three of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines. It has a role as an inhalation anaesthetic, a non-polar solvent, a carcinogenic agent, a central nervous system drug and a refrigerant. It is a one-carbon compound and a member of chloromethanes. | 脱水莫诺苷元（英語：Sarracenin），也叫瓶子草素，是一种环烯醚萜化合物，存在于瓶子草科的多种植物中，这种植物是肉食性的。它也可在其它非肉食植物中找到，例如Strychnos spinosa（马钱科）和墓头回（忍冬科）。 | 0 |
Terlipressin is a polypeptide. | 2-氯苯甲酸是一种有机化合物，化学式为ClC6H4COOH，是一种白色固体。它是三种氯苯甲酸同分异构体中酸性最强的。它可用作药物、染料、食品添加剂的前体。 | 0 |
Naproxen is a methoxynaphthalene that is 2-methoxynaphthalene substituted by a carboxy ethyl group at position 6. Naproxen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used for the reduction of pain, fever, inflammation and stiffness caused by conditions such as osteoarthritis, kidney stones, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, gout, ankylosing spondylitis, menstrual cramps, tendinitis, bursitis, and for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. It works by inhibiting both the COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes. It has a role as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, an antipyretic, a cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor, a cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor, a non-narcotic analgesic, a gout suppressant, a xenobiotic, an environmental contaminant and a drug allergen. It is a monocarboxylic acid and a methoxynaphthalene. It is a conjugate acid of a naproxen(1-). | 使用後常見的副作用有脫髮、骨髓抑制、嘔吐、皮疹和口腔炎。其他嚴重副作用有過敏反應（例如過敏性休克）、心臟毒性、注射部位組織損傷、輻射召回（radiation recall，一種嚴重的皮膚反應，當某些化療藥物在放射治療期間或之後不久給予時發生。這類反應看起來像嚴重的曬傷。）和與治療相關的白血病。個體經常會出現尿液變紅為時幾天的情況。阿黴素屬於蒽環類藥物和化療藥物家族。它的部分作用是透過干擾癌細胞的DNA複製功能而達成。
阿黴素於1974年在美國被批准用於醫療用途，也已納入世界衛生組織基本藥物標準清單之中。此藥物也有聚乙二醇修飾和脂質體的形式，但價格會更高。阿黴素最初是由鏈黴菌之一的Streptomyces peucetius萃取而得。 | 0 |
Furfuryl alcohol is a natural product found in Perilla frutescens, Zea mays, and other organisms with data available. | 四氢噻吩（英語：Tetrahydrothiophene，缩写为THT）即“硫杂环戊烷”，分子式为C4H8S，是噻吩经催化氢化后得到的五元饱和含硫杂环化合物。 | 0 |
Musk xylene is a C-nitro compound that is m-xylene bearing three nitro substituents at positions 2, 4 and 6 as well as a tert-butyl group at position 5. It has a role as an explosive, a fragrance and a carcinogenic agent. It is functionally related to a 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene and a m-xylene. | 植烷酸（英語：Phytanic acid，或3,7,11,15-四甲基十六烷酸）是一种支链脂肪酸，人类可以通过食用乳制品、反刍动物脂肪以及某些鱼类而获得该物质。估计西方饮食每天可以提供50～100毫克的植烷酸。在一项牛津大学做的研究中，食用肉食的个人，平均来说血浆中植烷酸浓度的几何平均数比纯素食主义者高6.7倍。 | 0 |
Spathulenol is a tricyclic sesquiterpene alcohol which has a basic skeleton similar to the azulenes. It occurs in oregano among other plants. | 4-二甲氨基吡啶（DMAP）是一个吡啶衍生物，为无色至淡黄色晶体，是有机合成中应用很广的万能超亲核的酰化反应催化剂。 | 0 |
Iobenzamic acid is an organic molecular entity. | 碘苯扎酸是一种有机碘化合物，化学式为C16H13I3N2O3，可溶于丙酮、DMF，微溶于冷乙醇、乙醚、苯，其钠盐可溶于水。它可用作X射线造影剂。
它可由3-氨基-2,4,6-三碘苯甲酸和三氯氧磷反应，转化为酰氯后，与N-苯基氨基丙酸甲酯反应，水解后得到。 | 1 |
Octane is a straight chain alkane composed of 8 carbon atoms. It has a role as a xenobiotic. | 格鲁米特（英語：Glutethimide，也称为苯乙哌啶酮）是一种戊二酰亚胺衍生物，分子式C13H15NO2，由汽巴精化在1954年开发用于代替巴比妥类药物治疗失眠。 | 0 |
Carnosic acid is a natural product found in Salvia officinalis, Cuminum cyminum, and other organisms with data available. | 使用多西拉敏的副作用有頭暈、嗜睡、昏沉和口乾等。此藥物是種抗組織胺藥，特別是組織胺中的組織胺H1受體拮抗劑，且在較小程度上是抗膽鹼劑，特別是毒蕈鹼型乙醯膽鹼受體 M1至毒蕈鹼型乙醯膽鹼受體M5的受體拮抗劑。它是最早一代的H1 拮抗劑，可穿過血腦屏障進入大腦，產生中樞神經系統介導的鎮靜和安眠作用。 | 0 |
Tetramethylsilane (abbreviated as TMS) is the organosilicon compound with the formula Si(CH3)4. It is the simplest tetraorganosilane. Like all silanes, the TMS framework is tetrahedral. TMS is a building block in organometallic chemistry but also finds use in diverse niche applications. | 三硫化氢（别名三硫化二氢、三硫烷）是一种无机化合物，化学式为H2S3。它是浅黄色挥发性的液体，有樟脑样的气味。它迅速分解为硫化氢和硫。它可由多硫化物的酸化，再经蒸馏得到。在无水条件下，液态硫化氢和溴于−70 °C按化学计量比反应也可得到产物：
3 H2S + 2 Br2 → H2S3 + 4 HBr | 0 |
Propan-1-ol is the parent member of the class of propan-1-ols that is propane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is replaced by a hydroxy group. It has a role as a protic solvent and a metabolite. It is a short-chain primary fatty alcohol and a member of propan-1-ols. | 碳酸二乙酯（英語：Diethyl carbonate）是乙醇的二碳酸酯，常温下为无色清澈液体。主要用作硝酸纤维素、树脂和一些药物（如红霉素）的溶剂，及有机合成（如苯巴比妥、除虫菊酯）的中间体。 它还可用在锂电池的电极上。 | 0 |
Glutamine is a natural product found in Pinus densiflora, Trichoderma asperellum, and other organisms with data available. | 麩醯胺酸（英語：Glutamine，縮寫 Gln，符號 Q），又稱左旋麩醯胺酸（Levoglutamide），是一種非必需胺基酸与条件必需氨基酸，且是唯一一種可直接通過腦血管障壁（BBB）的胺基酸。在人體中儲存於骨骼肌或血液中。在人血中，谷氨酰胺是含量最丰富的游离氨基酸。
对应的密码子：CAA 或者 CAG。 | 1 |
Propyphenazone (known as isopropylantipyrine in Japan) is a derivative of phenazone with similar analgesic and antipyretic effects. Originally patented in 1931, propyphenazone is marketed as a combination formulation with paracetamol and caffeine for treatment of primary headache disorder. | 红景天苷（英語：Salidroside或 rhodioloside）是一种由酪醇和葡萄糖形成的葡萄糖苷，存在于红景天（学名：Rhodiola rosea）等植物中。 | 0 |
Valsartan is a monocarboxylic acid amide consisting of L-valine in which the amino hydrogens have been replaced by a pentanoyl and a [2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl]-4-yl]methyl group. It exhibits antihypertensive activity. It has a role as an antihypertensive agent, an angiotensin receptor antagonist, a xenobiotic and an environmental contaminant. It is a biphenylyltetrazole, a monocarboxylic acid amide and a monocarboxylic acid. | 香柑内酯（5-甲氧补骨脂素）是一种存在于香柠檬精油与其他柑橘属植物精油，以及葡萄柚汁中的呋喃香豆素 （furanocoumarin），属补骨脂素的衍生物。 它是香柠檬精油中引起光敏性（光毒性）的活性物质。 目前市面上的香水采用的是不含香柑内酯的香柠檬精油或人工合成的类似香味物质。 | 0 |
Octanal is the organic compound, an aldehyde, with the chemical formula CH3(CH2)6CHO. A colorless fragrant liquid with a fruit-like odor, it occurs naturally in citrus oils. It is used commercially as a component in perfumes and in flavor production for the food industry. It is usually produced by hydroformylation of heptene and the dehydrogenation of 1-octanol.
Octanal can also be referred to as caprylic aldehyde or C8 aldehyde. | 丙氨肽素（英語：Alazopeptin）是一种抗生素，具有中等抗锥虫和抗肿瘤活性。它最初是从来自爱荷华州威廉斯堡附近的土壤中的Streptacidiphilus griseoplanus中分离出来的。它也可以从Kitasatospora azatica中分离出来。它仍然主要通过该生物体的发酵液产生。从结构上来看，丙氨肽素是一种三肽，含有2个6-重氮-5-氧代-L-正亮氨酸分子和1个L-丙氨酸分子。2021年，丙氨肽素的生物合成途径被详细描述。 | 0 |
Allobarbital is a member of barbiturates. | 噌啉（Cinnoline）是一种杂环化合物，化学式C8H6N2，由一个苯环与一个哒嗪环稠合而成。 | 0 |
Grepafloxacin is a member of quinolines, a quinolone antibiotic and a fluoroquinolone antibiotic. | 对苯二甲酸是苯二甲酸异构体中的一个，两个羧基处于苯环的对位，化学式为p-C6H4(COOH)2。对苯二甲酸是生产聚酯，尤其是聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯（PET）的原料。
对苯二甲酸难溶于水、醇和醚中，加热时升华而不熔化，因此1970年以前都是通过转化为二甲基酯的方法来纯化的。 | 0 |
The organic compound ethyl acetoacetate (EAA) is the ethyl ester of acetoacetic acid. It is a colorless liquid. It is widely used as a chemical intermediate in the production of a wide variety of compounds. | 瑞普特罗（INN：reproterol）是一种短效β2肾上腺素受体激动剂，用于治疗哮喘。
它于1965年获得专利，并于1977年进入医疗用途。 | 0 |
4-nitrophenol is a member of the class of 4-nitrophenols that is phenol in which the hydrogen that is para to the hydroxy group has been replaced by a nitro group. It has a role as a human xenobiotic metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of a 4-nitrophenolate. | 二乙醇胺，英文縮寫為DEA或DEOA，為化學式HN(CH2CH2OH)2的一種有機化合物。在室溫下純二乙醇胺為白色固體，但其易潮解且易發生過冷現象的特性使得它有時呈現出的是無色透明液體狀。二乙醇胺作為仲胺及二醇，在有機合成上具有許多用途。與其他胺類化合物相似，二乙醇胺呈弱鹼性。 | 0 |
Isopropylamine (also known as monoisopropyl amine, MIPA, or 2-propylamine) is an organic compound, an amine. It is a hygroscopic colorless liquid with ammonia-like odor. It is miscible with water and flammable. It is a valuable intermediate in chemical industry. | 1937 年，潘他密汀首次納入醫藥用途，本品名列世界卫生组织基本药物标准清单之中，為基礎醫療系統最安全有效的藥物之一，目前已有學名藥上市。世界衛生組織在疫區免費提供本品；截至 2016 年，在美國，吸入劑型約為 122.84 美金，注射劑型單劑則約 45.31 美金。發現可治療肺囊蟲肺炎後，價格更翻漲高達十多倍。 | 0 |
Pimozide (sold under the brand name Orap) is a neuroleptic drug of the diphenylbutylpiperidine class. It was discovered at Janssen Pharmaceutica in 1963. It has a high potency compared to chlorpromazine (ratio 50-70:1). On a weight basis it is even more potent than haloperidol. It also has special indication for Tourette syndrome and resistant tics. | 氰乙酸是一种有机化合物，分子中含有氰基和羧基。它是丙烯酸树脂基粘结剂的前体。 | 0 |
Puromycin is an aminonucleoside antibiotic, derived from the Streptomyces alboniger bacterium, that causes premature chain termination during translation taking place in the ribosome. It has a role as a nucleoside antibiotic, an antiinfective agent, an antineoplastic agent, a protein synthesis inhibitor, an antimicrobial agent, an EC 3.4.11.14 (cytosol alanyl aminopeptidase) inhibitor and an EC 3.4.14.2 (dipeptidyl-peptidase II) inhibitor. It is a conjugate base of a puromycin(1+). | 铈（shì）（英語：Cerium），是一種化學元素，其化學符號为Ce，原子序數为58，原子量為140.116 u。铈是第二個镧系元素，也是稀土元素之一。鈰是一種柔軟、富延展性的銀白色金屬，作為典型的輕鑭系元素，鈰的化学性质非常活泼，在空气中會很快失去光澤，用刀刮即着火，溶于酸，不溶于碱。 | 0 |
Tobramycin is a amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin B lacking the 3-hydroxy substituent from the 2,6-diaminoglucose ring. It has a role as an antibacterial agent, an antimicrobial agent and a toxin. It is functionally related to a kanamycin B. It is a conjugate base of a tobramycin(5+). | 孕酮（英語：progesterone，縮寫：P4），化学命名：孕甾-4-烯-3,20-二酮，是一種內源性類固醇和孕激素（progestogen，性激素的一种），参与人類和其他物種的月經週期、妊娠和胚胎发生，是體內主要的孕激素，大部分是由女性卵巢黄体的黄体细胞（luteal cells）分泌。孕酮有许多异称，以“酮”为词尾的有：黃體酮、助孕酮、孕甾酮、黃體甾酮、黃體固酮，以“素”为词尾的有：助孕素、黃體素，以“激素”为词尾的有：助孕激素、黃體激素。 | 0 |
Carbubarb is a member of barbiturates. | 硝基苯是最简单的芳香硝基化合物，化学式为C6H5NO2。它是由米修里希·伊尔哈得于1834年发现的。 | 0 |
Phenytoin is a imidazolidine-2,4-dione that consists of hydantoin bearing two phenyl substituents at position 5. It has a role as an anticonvulsant, a teratogenic agent, a drug allergen and a sodium channel blocker. It is functionally related to a hydantoin. | C6H5C(O)COH + H2O → C6H5C(O)CH(OH)2 | 0 |
Guanethidine is a member of the class of guanidines in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group has been replaced by a 2-azocan-1-ylethyl group. It has a role as an antihypertensive agent, an adrenergic antagonist and a sympatholytic agent. It is a member of guanidines and a member of azocanes. It is functionally related to a guanidine. It derives from a hydride of an azocane. | 糠醛（呋喃甲醛，英文：furfural）是一種工業用化學製品，可由各種農副產品中萃取，包括玉米穗軸、燕麥與小麥的麥麩和鋸木屑。furfural這個字取自於拉丁字的furfur，意思是麥麩，因為這是糠醛取得的來源。
糠醛是一種芳香族的醛，其環狀結構如右圖所示。其化學式為C5H4O2。純糠醛是有杏仁味的無色的油狀液體，暴露於空氣中會快速變成黃色。 | 0 |
Chlorfenapyr is a member of the class of pyrroles that is 4-bromo-1H-pyrrole-3-carbonitrile which is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by ethoxymethyl, p-chlorophenyl and trifluoromethyl groups, respectively. A proinsecticide used for termite control and crop protection against several insects and mite pests. It has a role as a proinsecticide and a proacaricide. It is an organofluorine acaricide, an organochlorine acaricide, an organochlorine insecticide, an organofluorine insecticide, a member of monochlorobenzenes, a nitrile, a member of pyrroles and a hemiaminal ether. It is functionally related to a tralopyril. | 十六酰胺乙醇（Palmitoylethanolamide，縮寫PEA），又名棕榈酰胺乙醇，是一種內源性脂肪酸酰胺 ，屬於核转录因子激動劑的一類。 PEA已被證明可與細胞核的一種受體（核受體）結合，對於多種慢性疼痛和炎症相關的生物學功能產生影響，是一種天然的抗炎劑。十六酰胺的主要作用目標被認為是過氧化物酶體增殖物激活受體α（PPAR-α）。 | 0 |
Atorvastatin is a dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is a member of the drug class known as statins, used primarily for lowering blood cholesterol and for preventing cardiovascular diseases. It has a role as an environmental contaminant and a xenobiotic. It is an aromatic amide, a member of monofluorobenzenes, a statin (synthetic), a dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid and a member of pyrroles. It is functionally related to a heptanoic acid. It is a conjugate acid of an atorvastatin(1-). | 阿托伐他汀（INN：atorvastatin）商品名立普妥（Lipitor）、妥寧等，是一种他汀类药物，主要作用是降低血液胆固醇水平。它还可稳定血液斑块和预防中风，也可以用于减缓发烧（未批准用法）。类似于所有他汀類藥物，阿托伐他汀通過抑制肝組織中，一種對膽固醇製造起關鍵作用的酵素——羟甲基戊二酸单酰辅酶A还原酶（HMG-CoA reductase），以減少體內製造膽固醇。
阿托伐他汀於1985年由布魯斯·羅斯-帕克-戴維斯華納-蘭伯特公司（Bruce Roth of Parke-Davis Warner-Lambert Company）首次合成（現為輝瑞公司/Pfizer），是製藥歷史上銷售最好的藥物。它自1996年被美國食品藥品監督管理局批准以來，累計銷售額超過1,250億美元，並連續保持此銷售冠軍紀錄達十年。通用阿托伐他汀，由沃森製藥公司和蘭伯西實驗室製造，並於2011年11月30日開始於美國上市。2021年，它是美國第1常用的處方藥。 | 1 |
Acetyl-L-carnitine, ALCAR or ALC, is an acetylated form of L-carnitine. It is naturally produced by the human body, and it is available as a dietary supplement. Acetylcarnitine is broken down in the blood by plasma esterases to carnitine which is used by the body to transport fatty acids into the mitochondria for breakdown and energy production. | 巴氨西林（INN：Bacampicillin）是一种青霉素类抗生素。它是氨苄青霉素的前体药物，具有改善的口服生物利用度。
它以Spectrobid（辉瑞）和Penglobe（阿斯利康）的品牌出售。2015年，辉瑞停产了Spectrobid，并且没有仿制药制造商接管生产。因此，巴氨西林在美国不再售卖，并且不再获得FDA批准。 | 0 |
Pyrogallol is a benzenetriol carrying hydroxy groups at positions 1, 2 and 3. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a phenolic donor and a benzenetriol. | 愈创甘油醚（英語：Guaifenesin 或 Guaiphenesin） INN /ɡwaɪˈfɛnɪsɪn/是一种非处方的祛痰药，常用来帮助咳出当急性呼吸道感染时气道内产生的痰。 | 0 |
Chamazulene is a sesquiterpenoid. | 克倫特羅（Clenbuterol），是一種β2-腎上腺素受體促效劑（β2-adrenergic agonist），類似麻黃素（Ephedrine）作用，臨床上經常用來治療慢性阻塞性肺疾（COPD），亦被作為緩和氣喘急性發作時的支氣管擴張劑（Bronchodilator）用藥。 | 0 |
Kahweol is a diterpenoid with formula C20H26O3, isolated from the beans of Coffea arabica. It exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenesis and anti-proliferative properties. It has a role as an angiogenesis inhibitor, an apoptosis inducer, an antioxidant, an anti-inflammatory agent, an antineoplastic agent and a plant metabolite. It is a diterpenoid, a member of furans, an organic heteropentacyclic compound, a tertiary alcohol and a primary alcohol. | 十一酸雌二醇（estradiol undecylate）縮寫EU或E2U，又稱十一酸雌酮，曾在Delestrec和Progynon Depot 100等品牌名下銷售，是一種雌激素藥物，曾用於治療男性攝護腺癌。它還作為跨性別女性激素療法的一種方式。儘管十一酸雌二醇過去曾經使用，但目前已停產。該藥物通常攝入方式是每月一次的肌肉注射。 | 0 |
Muscimol (also known as agarin or pantherine) is one of the principal psychoactive constituents of Amanita muscaria and related species of mushroom. Muscimol is a potent and selective orthosteric agonist for the GABAA receptor and displays sedative-hypnotic, depressant and hallucinogenic psychoactivity. This colorless or white solid is classified as an isoxazole.
Muscimol went under clinical trial phase I for epilepsy, but the trial was discontinued.
Muscimol, an agonist for the GABAA receptor, was able to significantly alleviate pain in its peak effect, recent studies from 2023 show. It has since been federally banned in Australia and is pending FDA review in the United States, but scientists believe it may relieve pain as well as some opioids without much of the risk of addiction associated with opioids. | 天门冬酰胺（英語：Asparagine，簡稱为Asn或N；而Asp或D代表天门冬氨酸）。它是20種最常見的胺基酸之一，但不是必需氨基酸，合成的密码子是AAU和AAC，可用於製作代糖。
加热到足够高的温度时，天门冬酰胺可与还原糖或羰基在食物中反应，生成丙烯酰胺，后者常在薯条、薯片、烤面包等烘烤食品中出现。 | 0 |
Girinimbine is a carbazole alkaloid isolated from the curry tree (Murraya koenigii) along with the related alkaloids mahanimbine, koenimbine, isomahanine, mahanine, and others.
A 2011 study of girinimbine found that it inhibited the growth and induced apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma, Hep G2 cells in vitro. | 依达拉奉（英语：Edaravone，商品名：Radicut）是由日本田边三菱制药研发、生产和销售的一种抗氧化药物，用于清除自由基以治疗缺血性脑卒中等心脑血管疾病。依达拉奉于2001年4月在日本上市,2015年依达拉奉的年销售额为1.69亿美元。 | 0 |
Theogallin is a trihydroxybenzoic acid glycoside, a type of polyphenolic compound found in tea where it has been characterised as an umami enhancing compound. The compound can also be found in Arbutus unedo fruits.
In rats, theogallin, or its metabolite quinic acid, can move through the blood brain barrier and can have cognition enhancing activities. | 福美雙（英語：Thiram）是最簡單的二硫化秋蘭姆和二甲基二硫代氨基甲酸酯的氧化二聚體。它被用作殺真菌劑、殺外寄生蟲劑以預防種子和農作物中的真菌病害，同樣用作動物驅蟲劑以保護果樹和觀賞植物免受兔、囓齒動物和鹿的損害。對芫荽莖癭、立枯病、小米黑穗病、洋蔥頸腐病等有效。福美雙已用於治療人類疥瘡，用作防曬霜和殺菌劑，直接塗抹在皮膚上或摻入肥皂中。
福美雙還用作硫源和橡膠硫化的輔助促進劑。 | 0 |
Methanethiol is an alkanethiol. It has a role as a human metabolite and a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite. | 灰叶草素（英語：Tephrosin，也称为羟基鱼藤素）是一种有机化合物，分子式C23H22O7，属于鱼藤酮类化合物，比鱼藤素多一个7α位的羟基，存在于灰毛豆（Tephrosia purpurea）、威氏鐵富豆（Tephrosia vogelii）等植物的叶和种子中。 | 0 |
Protactinium atom is an actinoid atom and a f-block element atom. | 环己基 (C6H11) 是一种烷基取代基，通常简称为Cy。 | 0 |
Papaverine (Latin papaver, "poppy") is an opium alkaloid antispasmodic drug, used primarily in the treatment of visceral spasms and vasospasms (especially those involving the intestines, heart, or brain), occasionally in the treatment of erectile dysfunction and acute mesenteric ischemia. While it is found in the opium poppy, papaverine differs in both structure and pharmacological action from the analgesic morphine and its derivatives (such as codeine).
In addition to opium, papaverine is purported to be present in high concentrations in star gooseberry. | 水甘草碱（英語：Tabersonine，也称作它波宁、塔巴贝辛碱）是一种有机化合物，分子式C21H24N2O2，属于单萜衍生物，存在于長春花（Catharanthus roseus）以及一些马铃果属（Voacanga）植物中。 | 0 |
Permanganic acid is a manganese oxoacid. It is a conjugate acid of a permanganate. | 石胆酸（英語：Lithocholic acid，也被称为3α-羟基-5β-胆烷-24-羧酸，3α-hydroxy-5β-cholan-24-oic acid，缩写LCA）是一种胆汁酸，可作为溶解剂促进脂肪的吸收。结肠中的石胆酸主要来自鹅去氧胆酸，由肠道细菌的酶将其甾体骨架B环上的7α-羟基还原而来。
石胆酸已证明对实验动物和人类具有致癌性。初步的 in vitro 实验发现石胆酸可以选择性的杀死成神经细胞瘤细胞，同时保留正常的神经元细胞，并且在生理相关浓度下对许多其他恶性细胞类型具有细胞毒性。 | 0 |
Ammonium oxalate is an ammonium salt consisting of ammonium and oxalate ions in a 2:1 ratio. It is an ammonium salt and an oxalate salt. It contains an oxalate(2-). | 阿德福韦酯（adefovir）是一种核苷类似物抗病毒药物，能在抑制逆转录酶，用于治疗乙肝，但不能用于HIV感染。 | 0 |
Nitroethane is an organic compound having the chemical formula C2H5NO2. Similar in many regards to nitromethane, nitroethane is an oily liquid at standard temperature and pressure. Pure nitroethane is colorless and has a fruity odor. | 环丁烷的四个碳原子不在同一平面内，C(1)C(2)C(4)平面和C(2)C(3)C(4)平面间的夹角约为35°，为环丁烷的折叠型构象（puckered conformation），在此构象中 C-H 键之间的扭转角约为25°。两个折叠型构象可通过环的翻转互变，它们之间的能垒约为6.3kJ/mol。势能曲线图的峰顶为平面构象。 | 0 |
Psoralen is the simplest member of the class of psoralens that is 7H-furo[3,2-g]chromene having a keto group at position 7. It has been found in plants like Psoralea corylifolia and Ficus salicifolia. It has a role as a plant metabolite. | 羥（qiǎng）胺（àn）（英語：Hydroxylamine），又稱羥基胺，可看作NH3中的一个H被OH取代而形成的衍生物，其分子式为NH2OH。室温下为不稳定的白色晶体，容易潮解， 常以水溶液的形式使用。
1999年来，两家生产羟胺的工厂发生了爆炸，但羟胺的爆炸性原理尚不明确。 研究表明，二价或三价铁盐会催化50%羟胺溶液的分解，羟胺及衍生物最好以盐的形式储存。 | 0 |
Heptan-3-ol is a secondary alcohol that is heptane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a secondary alcohol and a heptanol. | 酮咯酸（INN：ketorolac）或音译克多羅多克，以商品名 Toradol、Biorolac 等等銷售，是一種用於治療疼痛的非類固醇類抗發炎藥（NSAID），属非选择性环氧合酶抑制剂。特別用於治療中度至重度疼痛用途。建議治療時間不超過六天，在瑞士的建議治療時間為不超過兩天。它透過口服、鼻腔、靜脈注射或肌肉注射的方式給藥，另有眼藥水的形式。給藥後一小時內開始作用，持續時間達八小時。
常見的副作用包括嗜睡、頭暈、腹痛、腫脹和噁心。嚴重的副作用有上消化道出血、腎衰竭、心臟病、支氣管痙攣、心臟衰竭和過敏性休克。不建議個體在懷孕後期或哺乳期間使用。酮咯酸發揮作用的方式是透過阻斷環氧合酶 1和 2（COX1和COX2）而減少前列腺素產生。 | 0 |
Diethyl sulfide is an ethyl sulfide compound having two ethyl groups attached to a sulfur atom. | 胸腺嘧啶（英語：Thymine，簡寫為 T），又稱為5-甲基尿嘧啶（英語：5-methyluracil），為嘧啶類鹼基，是形成DNA核苷酸中四種鹼基（G－C－A－T）的其中一種。 | 0 |
Salicylic aldehyde (2-hydroxybenzaldehyde) is an organic compound with the formula C6H4OH(CHO). Along with 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, it is one of the three isomers of hydroxybenzaldehyde. This colorless oily liquid has a bitter almond odor at higher concentration. Salicylaldehyde is a precursor to coumarin and a variety of chelating agents. | 十氯酮（chlordecone）也称为开蓬（Kepone），是一种有机氯化合物，六氯环戊二烯类杀虫剂，和滅蟻樂结构上类似，常温下为无色固体。十氯酮作为一种持久性有機污染物（POP），在生产了数百万公斤之后就被西方国家禁止使用了。 | 0 |
Dulcin is an artificial sweetener about 250 times sweeter than sugar, discovered in 1883 by the Polish chemist Józef (Joseph) Berlinerblau (27 August 1859 – 1935). It was first mass-produced about seven years later. Although it was discovered only five years after saccharin, it never enjoyed the latter compound's market success. Nevertheless, it was an important sweetener of the early 20th century and had an advantage over saccharin in that it did not possess a bitter aftertaste.
Early medical tests marked the substance as safe for human consumption, and it was considered ideal for diabetics. However, an FDA study in 1951 raised many questions about its safety, resulting in its removal from the market in 1954 after animal testing revealed chronic toxicity. The FDA has also said that "the Federal Security Administrator regards these chemicals as poisonous substances which have no place in any food." In Japan, poisoning accidents by dulcin occurred frequently, and use of dulcin was forbidden in 1969.
Dulcin is also known by the names sucrol and valzin. | 次亚膦酸是一种无机化合物，化学式为H2POH。它短暂以与其较不稳定的互变异构体H3PO（氧化膦）的混合物形式存在。这种混合物通过磷化氢与臭氧的低温氧化产生。H2POH主要有教学意义。有机次亚膦酸比母体H2POH更普遍。 | 0 |
Terguride is an organic molecular entity. | 二没食子酸（英語：Digallic acid，或称为没食子酸-3-没食子酸酯Gallic acid 3-monogallate）是一种有机化合物，化学式C14H10O9，是没食子酸形成的缩酚酸，存在于乳香黃連木（Pistacia lentiscus）等植物中，是鞣酸生物合成的前体。 | 0 |
Carveol is a limonene monoterpenoid that is cyclohex-2-en-1-ol substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 5. It has a role as a volatile oil component and a plant metabolite. | 景天庚酮糖-7-磷酸（英語：Sedoheptulose 7-phosphate）是磷酸戊糖途径的一种中间代谢产物，由转酮醇酶合成再经转醛醇酶转化为下游产物。
此外，景天庚酮糖激酶能利用景天庚酮糖和ATP 来合成ADP 和景天庚酮糖-7-磷酸。 | 0 |
L-cysteine is an optically active form of cysteine having L-configuration. It has a role as a flour treatment agent, a human metabolite and an EC 4.3.1.3 (histidine ammonia-lyase) inhibitor. It is a serine family amino acid, a proteinogenic amino acid, a cysteine and a L-alpha-amino acid. It is a conjugate base of a L-cysteinium. It is a conjugate acid of a L-cysteinate(1-). It is an enantiomer of a D-cysteine. It is a tautomer of a L-cysteine zwitterion. | 莫米松（Mometasone），是一种糖皮质激素，用于治疗某些皮肤病、花粉热和哮喘 ，具体用于预防哮喘发作（非治疗）。可应用于皮肤、吸入或鼻部。
糠酸莫米松于1981年获得专利，并于1987年开始医用。它在世界卫生组织的基本药物清单上，可作为通用药物使用。 2017年，它是美国第197种最常用的处方药，共开出超过200万张处方。 | 0 |
Oxacillin is a penicillin antibiotic carrying a 5-methyl-3-phenylisoxazole-4-carboxamide group at position 6beta. It has a role as an antibacterial agent and an antibacterial drug. It is a conjugate acid of an oxacillin(1-). | 苯唑西林（英語：Oxacillin）是由必成公司研发的一种青霉素类窄谱β-内酰胺抗生素。它于1960年获得专利，并于1962年批准用于医疗用途。 | 1 |
Mestranol is a terminal acetylenic compound that is (17alpha)-17-ethynylestra-1(10),2,4-triene substituted by a methoxy group at position 3 and a hydroxy group at position 17. It has a role as a prodrug and a xenoestrogen. It is a 17beta-hydroxy steroid, a terminal acetylenic compound and an aromatic ether. It is functionally related to a 17beta-estradiol. | 金丝桃素（英語：Hypericin）是一种蒽醌类的衍生物，存在于貫葉連翹（学名：Hypericum perforatum）等许多金丝桃属植物中，被认为具有抗病毒活性。 | 0 |
Fluoxetine is a natural product found in Hordeum vulgare with data available. | 烯丙基氯（化學式：CH2=CHCH2Cl），學名“3-氯-1-丙烯”，亦稱氯丙烯、3-氯丙烯，由烯丙基與氯原子相連而成，是重要的工業原料。無色易燃液體，有不愉快、刺激性的腐蝕性氣味。難溶於水，與多數有機溶劑互溶，如乙醇、氯仿、乙醚、石油醚等。久置或遇潮濕空氣則會分解。
具有毒性，對眼部及呼吸道有刺激性，易透過皮膚吸收，急性中毒可使人失去知覺；慢性中毒引起肝、腎臟損害。 | 0 |
4'-methoxy-5,7-dihydroxyflavanone is a dihydroxyflavanone that is flavanone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 7 and a methoxy group at position 4' (the 2S stereoisomer). It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a dihydroxyflavanone, a monomethoxyflavanone, a member of 4'-methoxyflavanones and a (2S)-flavan-4-one. It is functionally related to a (S)-naringenin. | 异丁酰胺（英語：Isobutyramide）是一种酰胺类有机化合物，分子式为C4H9NO，示性式為CH3CH(CH3)CONH2，和正丁醯胺是同分异构体。
可形成异丁酰胺基官能团：R-NH-CO-CH(CH3)2 | 0 |
2-Ethylhexanoic acid is a natural product found in Vitis vinifera and Artemisia arborescens with data available. | 诺孕烯酮（英語：Norgestrienone，或译为去甲孕三烯酮，商品名: Ogyline, Planor, Miniplanor 等）是一种甾体药物，分子式C20H22O2，由法国药企Roussel Uclaf开发，可用作复合口服避孕药，常与炔雌醇联用。 | 0 |
Hypotaurine is a sulfinic acid that is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of taurine. Like taurine, it also acts as an endogenous neurotransmitter via action on the glycine receptors. It is an osmolyte with antioxidant properties.
Hypotaurine is derived from cysteine (and homocysteine). In mammals, the biosynthesis of hypotaurine from cysteine occurs in the pancreas. In the cysteine sulfinic acid pathway, cysteine is first oxidized to its sulfinic acid, catalyzed by the enzyme cysteine dioxygenase. Cysteine sulfinic acid, in turn, is decarboxylated by sulfinoalanine decarboxylase to form hypotaurine. Hypotaurine is enzymatically oxidized to yield taurine by hypotaurine dehydrogenase. | 喜樹鹼（英語：Camptothecin，简称CPT），是一種細胞毒性喹啉類生物鹼，能抑制DNA拓撲異構酶(TOPO I)。
1966年由M.E. Wall和M.C. Wani 通過有系統的篩選天然物質，進而發現的抗癌藥物。 | 0 |
Diethylene glycol is a hydroxyether. | 對氧磷（paraoxon），是一種有機磷化合物，以往常用來作為杀虫剂的有機磷酸鹽膽碱脂酶抗化劑使用，是殺蟲藥有機磷酸鹽和殺蟲藥巴拉松的活躍新陳代謝產物，其利用最有危害的乙醯膽鹼酯酶，大約有70%的效能像神經毒氣沙林一樣的影響力。由於對人類和其他動物有毒害風險，近年來已極少使用。對氧磷也被當作對抗青光眼的一種眼科藥物使用。對氧磷通過皮膚容易被吸收，曾被用為南非種族隔離時代的化學武器。 | 0 |
Atropine is a racemate composed of equimolar concentrations of (S)- and (R)-atropine. It is obtained from deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) and other plants of the family Solanaceae. It has a role as a muscarinic antagonist, an anaesthesia adjuvant, an anti-arrhythmia drug, a mydriatic agent, a parasympatholytic, a bronchodilator agent, a plant metabolite, an antidote to sarin poisoning and a oneirogen. It contains a (S)-atropine and a (R)-atropine. | 甲氧苄啶（Trimethoprim，TMP）為一種抗细菌药，主要用於治療泌尿道感染，其他用途包含治療中耳炎和旅行者腹瀉。本品可與複方新諾明及達普頌一起合用，治療愛滋病患者的肺囊蟲肺炎。甲氧苄啶屬於口服藥物
常見副作用包含惡心、味覺改變，以及紅疹，偶爾會造成血液中血小板或白血球不足。另有導致陽光過敏的案例。有證據顯示其他動物妊娠期用藥具有潛在風險，人體目前尚不清楚。其殺菌機制乃阻斷細菌體叶酸代謝，導致菌體死亡。
甲氧苄啶最早於1962年開始使用，現則列名於世界卫生组织基本药物标准清单，為基礎醫療體系必備藥品之一。本品屬於學名藥且價格低廉，在美國10天療程花費約為21美金。 | 0 |
Parathion is a natural product found in Apis cerana and Phaseolus vulgaris with data available. | 美托洛爾在美國多以商品名 Lopressor 販售，台灣商品名常為“舒壓寧控釋錠”（Betaloc® ZOK）。 | 0 |
Promethazine is a tertiary amine that is a substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropan-2-amine moiety. It has a role as a H1-receptor antagonist, a sedative, an antiemetic, a local anaesthetic, an antipruritic drug, an anti-allergic agent and an anticoronaviral agent. It is a member of phenothiazines and a tertiary amine. It is a conjugate base of a promethazine(1+). | 阿尔维林（英語：Alverine），分子式C20H27N，化学名：N-乙基-N-(3-苯丙基)苯丙胺，是一种治疗功能性胃肠病（FGID）的药物。 | 0 |
2,3-Dihydrothiophene is an organosulfur heterocyclic compound. | 匹美西林（INN：Pivmecillinam；USAN：amdinocillin pivoxil）是美西林（一种广谱青霉素类抗生素）的口服活性前药。匹美西林是美西林的叔戊酰氧甲酯。 | 0 |
Propionitrile is a nitrile that is acrylonitrile in which the carbon-carbon double bond has been reduced to a single bond. It has a role as a polar aprotic solvent. It is a volatile organic compound and an aliphatic nitrile. | 硫酸脱氢表雄酮（英語：Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate）又称硫酸去氫異雄固酮，缩写DHEAS 或 DHEA-S，是一种内源性雄烷衍生甾体物质，主要由腎上腺皮質合成。它是脱氢表雄酮（DHEA）的3β-硫酸酯和代謝產物，并在血液循环中有着更大的浓度。其激素效应不大，而是作为一种神经类固醇存在。 | 0 |
Irinotecan is a member of the class of pyranoindolizinoquinolines that is the carbamate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of [1,4'-bipiperidine]-1'-carboxylic acid with the phenolic hydroxy group of (4S)-4,11-diethyl-4,9-dihydroxy-1H-pyrano[3',4':6,7]indolizino[1,2- hydrochloride]quinoline-3,14-dione. Used (in the form of its hydrochloride salt trihydrate) in combination with fluorouracil and leucovorin, for the treatment of patients with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the pancreas after disease progression following gemcitabine-based therapy. It is converted via hydrolysis of the carbamate linkage to its active metabolite, SN-38, which is ~1000 times more active. It has a role as an apoptosis inducer, an EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor, an antineoplastic agent and a prodrug. It is a pyranoindolizinoquinoline, a N-acylpiperidine, a carbamate ester, a tertiary alcohol, a tertiary amino compound, a delta-lactone and a ring assembly. It is functionally related to a SN-38. It is a conjugate base of an irinotecan(1+). | 愛萊諾迪肯（Irinotecan），商品名抗癌妥（Campto），是一種拓撲異構酶I抑制物，主要用來治療大腸癌及小細胞癌，也可以在最初的療程失敗後，與5-氟尿嘧啶及亞葉酸治療胰腺癌。通常會與其他化學治療藥物一起使用，並且以靜脈注射的方式。常見的副作用包括腹瀉、嘔吐、脫髮和發燒等。 | 1 |
Propyl acetate, also known as propyl ethanoate, is an organic compound. Nearly 20,000 tons are produced annually for use as a solvent. This colorless liquid is known by its characteristic odor of pears. Due to this fact, it is commonly used in fragrances and as a flavor additive. It is formed by the esterification of acetic acid and propan-1-ol, often via Fischer–Speier esterification, with sulfuric acid as a catalyst and water produced as a byproduct. | 乙酸正丙酯，结构式CH3C(O)On-C3H7。 | 1 |
Methylmagnesium chloride is an organometallic compound with the general formula CH3MgCl. This highly flammable, colorless, and moisture sensitive material is the simplest Grignard reagent and is commercially available, usually as a solution in tetrahydrofuran. | 南天竹啡碱（英语：Nantenine）是一种在南天竹和一些紫堇属植物中发现的生物碱。它是α1-肾上腺素能受体和血清素5-HT2A受体的拮抗剂，可阻断MDMA对动物的行为和生理作用。 | 0 |
Atenolol is an ethanolamine compound having a (4-carbamoylmethylphenoxy)methyl group at the 1-position and an N-isopropyl substituent. It has a role as a beta-adrenergic antagonist, an anti-arrhythmia drug, an antihypertensive agent, a sympatholytic agent, a xenobiotic and an environmental contaminant. It is a member of ethanolamines, a monocarboxylic acid amide and a propanolamine. | 三聚氰（qíng）胺（àn）（英語：Melamine，化学式：C3H6N6），俗称「密胺（àn）」、「蛋白精」、「蜜胺（àn）」，IUPAC命名为“1,3,5-三嗪（qín）-2,4,6-三氨基”，是一种三嗪类含氮杂环有机化合物，常被用作化工原料。它是白色单斜晶体，几乎无味，微溶于水（3.1g/L常温），可溶于甲醛、乙酸、热乙二醇、甘油、吡啶等，不溶於丙酮、醚類、對身體有害，不可用於食品加工或食品添加物。但一些不法商家在奶類製品中混入三聚氰胺，以便在進行蛋白質含量測試時，提高氮含量水準。
三聚氰胺是氨基氰的三聚体，由它制成的树脂加热分解时会释放出大量氮气，因此可用作阻燃剂、減水剂、甲醛清潔劑等。它也是杀虫剂环丙氨嗪在动物和植物体内的代谢产物。
生產三聚氰胺的原料主要有雙氰胺和尿素兩種。2003年全球三聚氰胺生產家數約有90餘家，年總產能133.46萬噸，其中中國大陸年生產能力達到30萬噸，占全球產能的22%；歐洲仍是世界三聚氰胺的主要產區，約占全球總產能的34%；美國占12%；日本占12%；其他國家占20%。台灣廠商長春企業集團也有生產三聚氰胺，其產品用途為製造熱硬化型樹脂、成型材料、化粧板、塗料、接著劑、紡織品、紙等。 | 0 |
Epiandrosterone is a 3beta-hydroxy steroid that is (5alpha)-androstane substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 17. It has a role as an androgen and a human metabolite. It is a 17-oxo steroid, a 3beta-hydroxy steroid and an androstanoid. It is functionally related to a 5alpha-androstane. | 甲基丙烯酰胺是一种工业化学物质，化学式为C4H7NO，主要用于生产聚合物和共聚物。
甲基丙烯酰胺还可以作为甲基丙烯酸甲酯的前体。 | 0 |
Paramethadione is an oxazolidinone. It has a role as an anticonvulsant. It is functionally related to a 5-ethyl-5-methyl-1,3-oxazolidine-2,4-dione. | 山萵苣素（Lactucin）是一種帶苦味的物質，呈白色結晶狀固體，屬於倍半萜內酯類。它發現在某一些品種的生菜當中，可提煉製造成山萵苣膏，具有镇痛药和鎮靜劑特性。
它可以用作腺甘酸受體的受體素。 | 0 |
Cantharidin is a natural product found in Mylabris cichorii, Cantharis, and other organisms with data available. | 左旋咪唑 (Levamisole) 是一种抗生素，属于合成噻唑类化合物的衍生物。它由Janssen制药公司在1966年发明。 | 0 |
Guanidine is the compound with the formula HNC(NH2)2. It is a colourless solid that dissolves in polar solvents. It is a strong base that is used in the production of plastics and explosives. It is found in urine predominantly in patients experiencing renal failure. A guanidine moiety also appears in larger organic molecules, including on the side chain of arginine. | 丙腈，或者乙基氰是一种分子式为C2H5CN的腈类化合物。它是一种透明的液体，具有高雅的甜味。 | 0 |
Anisindione (brand name Miradon) is a synthetic anticoagulant and an 1,3-indandione derivative. It prevents the formation of active procoagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X, as well as the anticoagulant proteins C and S, in the liver by inhibiting the vitamin K–mediated gamma-carboxylation of precursor proteins. | 氟磷酸是一种无机化合物，化学式 H2PO3F。它是一种无色液体。 | 0 |
Imipenem (trade name Primaxin among others) is a synthetic β-lactam antibiotic belonging to the carbapenems chemical class. developed by Merck scientists Burton Christensen, William Leanza, and Kenneth Wildonger in the mid-1970s. Carbapenems are highly resistant to the β-lactamase enzymes produced by many multiple drug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, thus playing a key role in the treatment of infections not readily treated with other antibiotics. It is usually administered through intravenous injection.
Imipenem was patented in 1975 and approved for medical use in 1985. It was developed via a lengthy trial-and-error search for a more stable version of the natural product thienamycin, which is produced by the bacterium Streptomyces cattleya. Thienamycin has antibacterial activity, but is unstable in aqueous solution, thus it is practically of no medicinal use. Imipenem has a broad spectrum of activity against aerobic and anaerobic, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. It is particularly important for its activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus species. However, it is not active against MRSA. | 坦度螺酮（英語：Tandospirone），是一款在中國與日本經常被用作為抗焦虑药與抗抑鬱藥的藥物。坦度螺酮為氮哌酮，哌嗪一員，化學結構上與丁螺環酮相似。 | 0 |
Dibenzoylmethane (DBM) is an organic compound with the formula (C6H5C(O))2CH2. DBM is the name for a 1,3-diketone, but the compound exists primarily as one of two equivalent enol tautomers. DBM is a white solid. Due UV-absorbing properties, derivatives of DBM such as avobenzone, have found applications as sunscreen products. | 氫氧離子，旧称沎，化學符號為OH-。其中氢和氧之间以共价键连接，整体带一单位的负电荷。常常與不同的元素組成氫氧化物。 | 0 |
Valine is a natural product found in Angelica gigas, Microchloropsis, and other organisms with data available. | 原白头翁素（英語：protoanemonin），又称白头翁脑（英語：anemonol）或白头翁内酯。是一种存在于所有毛茛科植物的有毒物质。在化学结构上，原白头翁素是4-羟基-2,4-戊二烯酸的γ-内酯。当这些植物受伤或受到浸渍时，体内的不稳定糖苷类物质毛茛苷会被酶降解糖苷键形成葡萄糖和有毒的原白头翁素。
当皮肤和粘膜触碰到这些受伤植物时会造成发痒、皮疹或起水泡。摄入原白头翁素则会造成恶心、呕吐、眩晕、头晕、痉挛、急性肝炎、黄疸或瘫痪。
不过对这些植物进行干燥处理时，原白头翁素与空气接触并二聚为白头翁素，并进一步水解为无毒的二羧酸。 | 0 |
Strychnine is a monoterpenoid indole alkaloid that is strychnidine bearing a keto substituent at the 10-position. It has a role as an avicide, a glycine receptor antagonist, a cholinergic antagonist, a rodenticide and a neurotransmitter agent. It is a monoterpenoid indole alkaloid and an organic heteroheptacyclic compound. It is a conjugate base of a strychnine(1+). It derives from a hydride of a strychnidine. | 原白头翁素（英語：protoanemonin），又称白头翁脑（英語：anemonol）或白头翁内酯。是一种存在于所有毛茛科植物的有毒物质。在化学结构上，原白头翁素是4-羟基-2,4-戊二烯酸的γ-内酯。当这些植物受伤或受到浸渍时，体内的不稳定糖苷类物质毛茛苷会被酶降解糖苷键形成葡萄糖和有毒的原白头翁素。
当皮肤和粘膜触碰到这些受伤植物时会造成发痒、皮疹或起水泡。摄入原白头翁素则会造成恶心、呕吐、眩晕、头晕、痉挛、急性肝炎、黄疸或瘫痪。
不过对这些植物进行干燥处理时，原白头翁素与空气接触并二聚为白头翁素，并进一步水解为无毒的二羧酸。 | 0 |
Vancomycin is a complex glycopeptide from Streptomyces orientalis. It inhibits a specific step in the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer in the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium difficile. It has a role as an antimicrobial agent, an antibacterial drug and a bacterial metabolite. It is functionally related to a vancomycin aglycone. It is a conjugate base of a vancomycin(1+). | 半胱胺，又称2-氨基乙硫醇，是一种用于治疗多种疾病的药物，经FDA批准用于治疗胱氨酸症，可口服或作为滴眼液成分。 | 0 |
3-Methylheptane is a branched alkane isomeric to octane. Its structural formula is CH3CH2CH(CH3)CH2CH2CH2CH3. It has one stereocenter.
Its refractive index is 1.398 (20 °C, D). | 瓜胺酸(citrulline)是一種α胺基酸，名字是由首先抽取出瓜胺酸的西瓜而來。 | 0 |
Dimercaprol is a dithiol that is propane-1,2-dithiol in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group. a chelating agent originally developed during World War II as an experimental antidote against the arsenic-based poison gas Lewisite, it has been used clinically since 1949 for the treatment of poisoning by arsenic, mercury and gold. It can also be used for treatment of poisoning by antimony, bismuth and possibly thallium, and (with sodium calcium edetate) in cases of acute leaad poisoning. Administration is by (painful) intramuscular injection of a suspension of dimercaprol in peanut oil, typically every 4 hours for 2-10 days depending on the toxicity. In the past, dimercaprol was also used for the treatment of Wilson's disease, a severely debilitating genetic disorder in which the body tends to retain copper, with resultant liver and brain injury. It has a role as a chelator. It is a dithiol and a primary alcohol. | 二巰基丙醇（英語：dimercaprol），也稱為英國抗路易氏劑（英語：British anti-Lewisite，簡稱BAL)、二巯丙醇、與双硫代甘油，是一種用於治療急性砷、汞、金和鉛中毒的藥物。它也可用於治療銻、鉈或鉍中毒，然而這些用途的證據仍存在爭議。藥物透過肌肉注射方式給藥。
英國抗路易氏劑（二巰基丙醇）是由英國生物化學家魯道夫·彼得斯和他的牛津大學同事們在第二次世界大戰期間研發，用於對抗路易氏劑 - 一種含有機砷化合物的化學武器，當時人們擔心這種毒劑可能會被德軍用於對抗同盟國的軍隊。此藥物已被納入世界衛生組織基本藥物標準清單內。 | 1 |
Sucrose, a disaccharide, is a sugar composed of glucose and fructose subunits. It is produced naturally in plants and is the main constituent of white sugar. It has the molecular formula C12H22O11.
For human consumption, sucrose is extracted and refined from either sugarcane or sugar beet. Sugar mills – typically located in tropical regions near where sugarcane is grown – crush the cane and produce raw sugar which is shipped to other factories for refining into pure sucrose. Sugar beet factories are located in temperate climates where the beet is grown, and process the beets directly into refined sugar. The sugar-refining process involves washing the raw sugar crystals before dissolving them into a sugar syrup which is filtered and then passed over carbon to remove any residual colour. The sugar syrup is then concentrated by boiling under a vacuum and crystallized as the final purification process to produce crystals of pure sucrose that are clear, odorless, and sweet.
Sugar is often an added ingredient in food production and recipes. About 185 million tonnes of sugar were produced worldwide in 2017.
Sucrose is particularly dangerous as a risk factor for tooth decay because Streptococcus mutans bacteria convert it into a sticky, extracellular, dextran-based polysaccharide that allows them to cohere, forming plaque. Sucrose is the only sugar that bacteria can use to form this sticky polysaccharide. | 苯（běn）（英語：benzene），化學式為C6H6，簡稱⌬、⏣或PhH，旧称囷、焑、㷍、菕、輪質等，是芳香烃，在常温为易燃、易挥发、氣味刺鼻、无色液體。苯有劇毒，是致癌物質。
苯是最简单的芳香烃，难溶于水，易溶于有机溶剂，本身也可作有机溶剂。苯是石油化工基本原料，其产量和生产的技术水平是国家石油化工发展水平的标志。苯的环系叫苯环，是最简单的芳香环。苯分子去掉一粒氢后的结构叫苯基，用Ph表示；因此苯也可表示为PhH。 | 0 |
Amobarbital is a member of the class of barbiturates that is pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione substituted by a 3-methylbutyl and an ethyl group at position 5. Amobarbital has been shown to exhibit sedative and hypnotic properties. | 噻虫啉（英語：Thiacloprid），又稱賽果培，是一种新烟碱类杀虫剂。它的作用机理与其它的新烟碱类似，通过刺激烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体来中断昆虫的神经系统。噻虫啉由拜耳作物科学公司开发，用以控制咀嚼式与吸吮式作物害虫，主要是蚜虫和粉虱。 | 0 |
Equol is a member of hydroxyisoflavans. | 丁香醛（英語：Syringaldehyde）是一种在自然界中广泛存在的微量有机化合物，分子式C9H10O4。某些种类的昆虫如 Scolytus multistriatus在其化学通讯系统中使用丁香醛。 | 0 |
Crinine is an alkaloid. | 泛艾霉素（INN名：Epirubicin），是一种用于治疗乳腺癌的蒽环类化疗药物。泛艾霉素在美国以“Ellence”商品名出售，美国以外地区的商品名则有法玛新、表阿霉素（Pharmorubicin）或表柔比星（Epirubicin）等等。与其他蒽环类药物类似，泛艾霉素主要通过插入细胞的DNA双链、进而对DNA造成破坏发挥药效。
亦有证据表明泛艾霉素对胃与食道的恶性肿瘤以及软组织肉瘤具有一定疗效。 | 0 |