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โ™ฆ . .ืžื‘ื•ื .ื”ื”ืกื“ืจื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื™ื ืœืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ื ื”ื’ื™ื ื•ืœืจื™ืฉื•ื ื›ืœื™ ืจื›ื‘ ื•ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ื ื ืงื‘ืขื• ื‘ืคืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืชืขื‘ื•ืจื” (ื ื•ืกื— ื—ื“ืฉ), ื”ืชืฉื›"ื-1961 , ื•ื‘ืชืงื ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืชืงื ื• ืขืœ ืคื™ื”, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืชืงื ื•ืช ื”ืชืขื‘ื•ืจื”, ื”ืชืฉื›"ื -1961 . ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ืฉื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” (ืœื”ืœืŸ - ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ืื• ื”ืจืฉื•ืช) ืžื•ืคืงื“ืช ืขืœ ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื›ืฉืจืชื ืฉืœ ื ื”ื’ื™ ืจื›ื‘ ืžื ื•ืขื™ ื•ืขืœ ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื•ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ืฉืœ ื ื”ื’ื™ื ื•ื›ืœื™ ืจื›ื‘. ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืฉืชืžืฉืช ื‘ืžืื’ืจ ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉื‘ื• ืžืจื•ื›ื–ื™ื ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื ื”ื’ื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ (ืœื”ืœืŸ - ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื ื”ื’ื™ื). ืžืื’ืจ ื–ื” ืžื ื•ื”ืœ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืื’ืฃ ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืจืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื™ื•ืช ื•ืืช ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ื‘ืขืจื™ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ื ืคืงื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ื ื•ืช, ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื, ืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืœื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื•ื’ื‘ื™ื™ืช ื”ืื’ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื—ื•ืง. ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื›ืš, ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ืขื•ืจื›ืช ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” (ืœื”ืœืŸ - ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžื‘ื—ื ื™ ื ื”ื™ื’ื”), ื•ื‘ื” ืžืฆื•ื™ื ื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื’ื‘ืœื•ืชื™ื”ื ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ื•ืช, ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ืœื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืฉื‘ื”ื ืœืžื“ื• ื•ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืขื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžืขืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื. ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ืคื•ืขืœืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืื’ืฃ ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ื•ืืจื‘ืข ืœืฉื›ื•ืช ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ืžื—ื•ื–ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื‘ื—ื•ืœื•ืŸ, ื‘ื—ื™ืคื” ื•ื‘ื‘ืืจ ืฉื‘ืข, ืฉืœื”ืŸ 22 .ืกื ื™ืคื™ื ืื–ื•ืจื™ื™ื ื”ืžืขื ื™ืงื™ื ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ืžืžืจืก 2004 ืขื“ ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜2005 ื‘ื“ืง ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืœืกื™ืจื•ื’ื™ืŸ, ืืช ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ื ืคืงืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื”, ื•ืžืžืฆืื™ ื”ื“ื•ื— ืคื•ืจืกืžื• ื‘ืžืื™ 20063 (ืœื”ืœืŸ- ื”ื“ื•ื— ื”ืงื•ื“ื). ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืืคืจื™ืœ-ื™ื•ื ื™ 2008 ืขืฉื” ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืžืขืงื‘ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืฉื ืงื˜ื” ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืขืœื• ื‘ื“ื•ื— ื”ืงื•ื“ื. ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื ืขืฉืชื” ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™. ืœื”ืœืŸ ื”ืžืžืฆืื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืขืœื•. ืžื‘ื—ื ื™ื ืขื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื–ื›ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื“ื•ื— ื”ืงื•ื“ื ื ืืžืจ ื›ื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื ืช 1997 ื”ืชืจื™ืข ืฆื•ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื›ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื ื”ื’ื™ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ื—ื ื™ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื•ื”ืžืœื™ืฅ ืฉื”ืœื™ืš ืงื‘ืœืชื• ืฉืœ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ .__________________ .3 ,ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”ื“ื•ื— ืฉื ืชื™ 56ื‘ (2006 '), ืขืž30. ื”ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื 99 . ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขื™ืจ ืฉื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื•ืช ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื•ืœืžืชืŸ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืœื ื™ื•ืฉืžื•, ื•ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืขืœื™ื”ื ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืข ืœื ืชื•ืงื ื•. ืฆื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 2002 -2004 ืื™ืชืจื” ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ื‘ืืงืจืื™ ืขืฉืจื•ืช ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ืœืžืชืŸ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื ื”ื™ื’ื” (ืœื”ืœืŸ - ื˜ื•ืคืก ืจืฉ"ืœ 18) ืฉืขืœื” ืžื”ืŸ ื—ืฉื“ ืœืžืขืฉื™ ืžืจืžื” ื•ืœื–ื™ื•ืฃ ื—ื•ืชืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื•ื—ื ื™ ื ื”ื™ื’ื”. ื”ื—ืœ ืžื™ื ื•ืืจ 2008 ืžืคืขื™ืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื–ื›ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืžืขืจืš ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื‘ื—ื ื™ื ืขื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ื™ื ืœืžื‘ืงืฉื™ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื”. ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืกื›ื ืขื ื”ื–ื›ื™ื™ื ื™ื, ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืžืกืคืง ืืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ืช ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉื” ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื. ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ืœืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื›ื™ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื‘ืžืชื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” - ืฉื‘ื” ื›ืœ ื ื‘ื—ืŸ ืžืฆื•ืœื ื•ืžื–ื•ื”ื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื—ืฉื‘, ื”ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘, ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ื•ืกื“ืจืŸ ื ืงื‘ืขื™ื ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘ ื•ื”ื ื‘ื—ื ื™ื ืžื•ืคืจื“ื™ื ื–ื” ืžื–ื” ืคื™ื–ื™ืช - ืžื•ื ืขืช ื–ื™ื•ืคื™ื, ื”ื•ื ืื•ืช ื•ืจืžืื•ื™ื•ืช - ื”ืขืชืงื•ืช, ื”ืชื—ื–ื•ื™ื•ืช, ืžืชืŸ ืฉื•ื—ื“ ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื•ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื™ื ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื ืœื–ื™ื•ืฃ - ืฉื”ื™ื• ืืคืฉืจื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ืจ. .ืžืชืŸ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” .ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2008 ื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”31 ืžื•ืงื“ื™ื ืœืžื‘ื—ื ื™ื ืขื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื. ืขืœ ืคื™ ื ืชื•ื ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื›ืœ ื”ืžื•ืงื“ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ 600 ืฉืขื•ืช ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ื–ืืช ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืขื•ืช ืคืชื™ื—ื” ืžืฆื•ืžืฆืžื•ืช. ืื—ืช ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžื›ืจื– ืœื–ื›ื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ืžื‘ื—ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืงืžืช 23 ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื”: ืชืฉืขื” ื‘ืžื—ื•ื– ื”ืฆืคื•ืŸ, ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ื‘ืžื—ื•ื– ื”ืžืจื›ื– ื•ืชืฉืขื” ื‘ืžื—ื•ื– ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ื”ื“ืจื•ื. ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืขื“ ืžืื™ 2008 ื”ืคืขื™ืœื• ื”ื–ื›ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืจืง 16 ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื”; ืขื ื–ืืช, ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื ื›ืœ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื–ื›ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื’ื“ืœ ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื ื™ื›ืจืช, ืž-600 ืฉืขื•ืช ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื•ืช ืœ- 2,692 - ืคื™4.5 . ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื• ืœืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ2008 , ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื ืงื˜ ื‘ืฆืขื“ื™ื ื”ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื, ืœื”ื™ืจืฉื ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข, ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื”ืžืชื ื” ืœืžื‘ื—ืŸ ื—ื•ื–ืจ, ื”ื•ื–ืœืช ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ื”ืขื™ื•ื ื™ ื•ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืžืชื ื” ื‘ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื”. ืขื•ื“ ืžืกืจ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื›ื™ ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืงื™ื•ื ื”ืžื‘ื—ื ื™ื ื”ืขื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื–ื›ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืชืงืฆืจื• ื’ื ื–ืžื ื™ ื”ื”ืžืชื ื” ืœืžื‘ื—ื ื™ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืžืขืฉื™ื™ื, ืฉื›ืŸ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื”ื™ืฉื ื” ื›-20 ื‘ื•ื—ื ื™ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ื•ืขืกืงื• ื’ื ื‘ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ืžื‘ื—ื ื™ื ื”ืขื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื, ื•ื›ื™ื•ื ื”ื ื”ืชืคื ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ืืš ื•ืจืง ื‘ืžื‘ื—ื ื™ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืžืขืฉื™ื™ื. .ืžืื’ืจ ืฉืืœื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ ืœืžื‘ื—ื ื™ื ื”ืขื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื .ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ื”ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ืขื“ 7.7.08 ื”ืชื‘ืกืก ื”ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ื”ืขื™ื•ื ื™ ื‘ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืขืœ ืžืื’ืจ ืฉืืœื•ืช ื™ืฉืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”, ื•ืž-8.7.08 ื”ื•ื ืžืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ืฉืืœื•ืช ืžืžืื’ืจ ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉื”ื›ื™ื ื” ื”ืžื•ืฆื™ืื” ืœืื•ืจ ื•ื”ืžืคื™ืฆื” ื”ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืกืคืจ ืžืื’ืจ ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืœืžื‘ื—ื ื™ื ื”ืขื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”. 100 ื“ื•ื— ืฉื ืชื™59ื‘ .ืขืœ ืคื™ ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ืื’ืฃ ืœืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”, ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืชื—ืœืช ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ืฉืœ ืžืชื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ื”ื™ื” ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ื ื›ืฉืœื™ื ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื‘ืžื‘ื—ื ื™ื ื”ืขื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื™ื ืขืœ ืžืื’ืจ ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื™ื•ืœื™ 2008 ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ื ื›ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ืžื‘ื—ื ื™ื ื”ืขื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื™ื ืขืœ ืžืื’ืจ ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ื™ืฉืŸ: 78% ืœืขื•ืžืช 67% ื‘ื ื‘ื—ื ื™ื ื‘ืฉืคื” ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช, ื•-93% ืœืขื•ืžืช67% .ื‘ื ื‘ื—ื ื™ื ื‘ืฉืคื” ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ื ืชื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืžืขื™ื“ ืขืœ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืืœื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉื”ืขืœื” ืืช ืื—ื•ื– ื”ื ื›ืฉืœื™ื, ื›ืžืคื•ืจื˜ ืœื”ืœืŸ. ืžื ื”ืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ื‘ืžื—ื•ื– ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ื”ื“ืจื•ื, ืฉืจื™ื›ื– ืืช ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืžื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืžื‘ื—ื ื™ื ื”ืขื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื, ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2008 ืœืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื›ื™ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืชื—ืœืช ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ืžืชื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉื—ืœืง ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ื ื•ืกื—ื• ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื›ืฉื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื ื‘ื—ืŸ: ืœื›ืžื” ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืœื ื”ื•ืฆืขื• ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืช, ืœืฉืืœื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืื—ืช ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืืš ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื”ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืื—ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื•ืฉืืœื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ื ื•ืกื—ื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉืื™ื ื” ืžื•ื‘ื ืช ืื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ืžื˜ืขื”. ืžืกื™ื‘ื” ื–ื• ื ืคืกืœื• ืื• ื”ื•ืงืคืื• 392 ืž-1,680 ( ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉื‘ืžืื’ืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ 23% ). ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื•ืฆืื• ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™ื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืžืื’ืจ ื™ืจื“ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ื ื›ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืคื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ืœื™ ื•ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 2008 ืœ-76% ื•ืœ-69% ., ื‘ื”ืชืืžื” ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื• ืžื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2008 ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื•ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืžืชื›ื•ื ืช ื—ื“ืฉื” ืžืฆืจื™ืš ืชืงื•ืคืช ืžืขื‘ืจ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœืฉืคื•ื˜ ืืช ืžืื’ืจ ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืื—ื“ ืืœื ืขืœ ืคื™ ืชืงื•ืคื” ืžืžื•ืฉื›ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื•, ืขืœ ืคื™ ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 2008 ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื‘ืžื‘ื—ื ื™ื ื”ืขื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืœืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ื”ื”ืฆืœ ื—ื” ื‘ืžืชื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื”ื™ืฉื ื”. .ืฉื“ืจื•ื’ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื ื”ื™ื’ื” .ืžืžืžืฆืื™ ื”ื“ื•ื— ื”ืงื•ื“ื ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ืช ื”ืžืฉืžืฉืช ืืช ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืคืจืฆื” ืฉืืคืฉืจื” ืœื”ื ืคื™ืง ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื•ืœืฉื“ืจื’ ืฉืœื ื›ื“ื™ืŸ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืฉืื™ื ื• ื–ื›ืื™ ืœื›ืš ืžืื—ืจ ื•ืœื ืขืžื“ ื‘ืงืจื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ื ื™ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœืฉื“ืจื•ื’ ื”ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ. ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ื”ืขืœืชื” ื›ื™ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช. ืขื•ื“ ื”ืขืœืชื” ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื›ื™ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืื™ื ื” ื—ื•ืกืžืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื”ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ืœืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื•ื”ืกืจืชืŸ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ืœืชื™ - ืžื•ืจืฉื™ื. ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืชื™ื• ืœืžืžืฆืื™ ื“ื•ื— ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืงื•ื“ื ืžื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2005 ื•ืžื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ2005 ืœืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”, ืฉื‘ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื”ืขืชื™ื“ื™ ื™ื™ืจืฉืžื• ื›ืœ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื ื‘ื—ืŸ ื‘ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ื”ืขื™ื•ื ื™ ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ืžื•ืขื“, ื”ืžืงื•ื ื•ื”ืชื•ืฆืื”, ื•ื”ื•ื ืคื•ืขืœ ืœื—ืกื•ื ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ื•ื ื•ืช ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื”ื ืคืงืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื’ื ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืœื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช. ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื• ืžื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2008 ื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืœืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื›ื™ ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2005 ื”ื•ื›ื ืก ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ืช ืžืžืฉืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžื‘ื—ื ื™ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื”ื ื”ื’ื™ื, ื•ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื ื›ื™ ืื™-ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื ืคื™ืง ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืœื“ืจื’ื” B (02 ) ื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ื–ื™ืŸ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืœืžื—ืฉื‘ ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ืชืืจื™ืš ื”ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ื”ืขื™ื•ื ื™, ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื›ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืจืคื•ืื™ืช ื•ื”ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ืจืคื•ืื™ื•ืช ื•ืžืขื‘ืจ ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ืžืขืฉื™ ื‘ื”ืฆืœื—ื” (ื”ืžื•ื–ืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ). ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืืœื” ืžื•ื ืขื•ืช ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื ืคืงืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืœื“ืจื’ื” B , ื”ืžื”ื•ื•ืช ื”ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื 101 .ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-94% ืžืกืš ื”ื”ื ืคืงื•ืช ืฉืœ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื™ื, ื‘ืœื ืฉื”ื ื”ื’ ืขืžื“ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช. ืขื ื–ืืช ืฉื“ืจื•ื’ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืœื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ืž-B ืžืชื‘ืฆืข ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื ื—ืกื™ืžื” ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ืช. ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ื›ื™ ืื’ืฃ ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ื•ื”ืื’ืฃ ืœืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ืžืคืชื—ื™ื ื›ืขืช ืืช ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืฉื“ืจื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืœื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ืž-B , ื•ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืืžื•ืจ ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ืงืจื” ืขืœ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืคืงื™ื“ื™ ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉื”ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื•ื“ืจื’ื• ื›ื“ื™ืŸ. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื›ื™ ืขืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืืœืชืจ ืœื—ืกื™ืžืช ื”ืคืจืฆื•ืช ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ืช. .ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืจืคื•ืื™ื•ืช .1. ืขืœ ืคื™ ื ื•ื”ืœื™ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™, ื”ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื ื“ืจืฉ ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืขืœ ื›ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื• ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืŸ. ื”ื“ื•ื— ื”ืงื•ื“ื ื”ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื‘ื“ืง ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืจื•ืคื ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉืœื•, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื ื‘ื“ืงื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ืฆื™ื’ื• ื˜ื•ืคืกื™ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืฉื ื—ืชืžื• ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืจื•ืคืื™ื ืžื–ื“ืžื ื™ื ื•ืœื ืžื•ืกืžื›ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืขืกืงื• ื‘ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืงื ื™ื•ืช ืื• ืœื™ื“ ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ืœื ื”ื™ื’ื”. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืจื•ืคื ืฉืื™ื ื• ืจื•ืคื ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ืขืœื•ืœ ืฉืœื ืœืืชืจ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื ื‘ื“ืง. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืžืœื™ืฅ ืืคื•ื ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ืฉื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืชื™ืขืฉื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืจื•ืคื ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื”ืงื‘ื•ืข, ืืš ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืชื ื’ื“ ืœื›ืš ื‘ื˜ืขื ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื›ืš ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื˜ื™ืœ ื“ื•ืคื™ ื‘ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื•ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื—ื•ืคืฉ ื”ืขื™ืกื•ืง. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืžืœื™ืฅ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืœืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ืืช ืขืžื“ืชื•. ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื• ืžื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2005 ืœืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืกืจ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”, ื›ื™ ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ื“ื•ื— ื”ืงื•ื“ื ื”ื•ื ื ื™ืกื— ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืœืชืงื ื•ืช ื”ืชืขื‘ื•ืจื” ืฉืœืคื™ื• ืขืœ ื”ืจื•ืคื ื”ื‘ื•ื“ืง ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ืขื‘ืจื• ืฉืœ ื”ื ื‘ื“ืง ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ืื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ืชื™ืงื• ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื ื‘ื“ืง ื”ืžืคืจื˜ ืืช ืขื‘ืจื• ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ ื‘ืคืจืง ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืืžื•ืจ. ื‘-1.5.06 ืคื•ืจืกื ื‘ืจืฉื•ืžื•ืช ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืœืชืงื ื” 192 ืœืชืงื ื•ืช ื”ืชืขื‘ื•ืจื” ืฉืœืคื™ื• ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืชื™ืขืฉื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ "ืจื•ืคื ื”ืžื›ื™ืจ ืืช ืขื‘ืจื• ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื ื‘ื“ืง ืžืชื•ืš ืื—ืช ืžืืœื”: (1 ) ื”ื•ื ืžื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื ื‘ื“ืง ื“ืจืš ืงื‘ืข, ื–ื” ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ืœืคื—ื•ืช; (2 ) ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืชื™ืงื• ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ืงื•ืคืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื™ื” ื—ื‘ืจ ื”ื ื‘ื“ืง, ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืงื“ืžื• ืœื‘ื“ื™ืงื”; (3 ) ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืชื™ืงื• ื”ืจืคื• ืื™ ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื ื‘ื“ืง; (4 ) ืื ื”ื ื‘ื“ืง ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืœื” ื—ื“ืฉ ื›ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื• ื‘ืชืงื ื”216 , ื•ื˜ืจื ื—ืœืคื• ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ืžืžื•ืขื“ ืขืœื™ื™ืชื• - ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืจืš ืฉืชื ื™ื— ืืช ื“ืขืชื•, ื•ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืฉื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืชื™ืขืจืš ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืจื•ืคื ื‘ืงื•ืคืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืฉื‘ื” ื—ื‘ืจ ื”ื ื‘ื“ืง, ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ืคืจื˜ ื‘ื˜ื•ืคืก ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืืช ืžืงื•ืจ ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืชื™ื•". ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ื”ืขืœืชื” ื›ื™ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืจ ื™ืฉื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื•ื“ืงื™ื ืืช ืืžื™ืชื•ืช ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื. ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื ื’ื ืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ืจื•ืคืื™ื, ืจื•ืคืื™ ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื•ืื•ืคื˜ื•ืžื˜ืจืื™ื ื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืืคืฉืจื•ืชื ืœืืžืช ืืช ื—ืชื™ืžื•ืชื™ื”ื. 102 ื“ื•ื— ืฉื ืชื™59ื‘ .ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉื‘ ื•ื”ืžืœื™ืฅ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฉืขืœื™ื• ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื“ืจืš ื™ืขื™ืœื” ืœื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืืžื™ืชื•ืช ืชื•ืืจื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื•ื”ืื•ืคื˜ื•ืžื˜ืจืื™ื ื”ื—ืชื•ืžื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช, ื•ืื—ืช ื”ื™ื ืื ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืชื™ืขืฉื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื• ืื• ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื’ื•ืจื ืื—ืจ. 2. ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื•ืจืืช ืกืขื™ืฃ11 ืœืคืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืชืขื‘ื•ืจื”, "ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ืจืฉืื™ืช ืœืชืช ืจืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื”, ืื ืฉื•ื›ื ืขื” ืฉืžื‘ืงืฉ ื”ืจืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื›ืฉื™ืจ ืœื ื”ื•ื’". ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ื—ืชื•ื ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืจื•ืคื ื•ืื•ืคื˜ื•ืžื˜ืจืื™ ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื”ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉืขืœ ืคื™ื”ื ื ืงื‘ืขืช ื”ื›ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœื ื”ื•ื’. ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2007 ื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืื—ื“ ื”ื‘ื•ื—ื ื™ื ื‘ืื’ืฃ ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ืชืœื•ื ื” ืœืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื•ืœืคื™ื” ืกื’ืŸ ืžื ื”ืœ ืื’ืฃ ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”, ืื™ืฉืจ ื”ื ืคืงืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืœื ื”ื’ ืฉืขื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ืžืขืฉื™ ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2007 ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ืชืœื•ื ื” ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ื—ืฉืฉ ืœื–ื™ื•ืฃ ื”ื—ื•ืชืžื•ืช ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืฆื”ืจื•ืช ื”ืจื•ืคื ื•ื”ืื•ืคื˜ื•ืžื˜ืจืื™ืช ื”ื—ืชื•ืžื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืžืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื ื”ืฆื”ื™ืจื• ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืฉื”ืชืœื•ื ืŸ, ื›ื™ ืื™ื ื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื ื‘ื—ืŸ ื•ื›ื™ ื”ื—ืชื™ืžื•ืช ื•ื”ื—ื•ืชืžื•ืช ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ื˜ื•ืคืก ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืื™ื ืŸ ืฉืœื”ื. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2007 ืืช ื”ืชืœื•ื ื” ื•ืืช ื”ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ืฉืฆื•ืจืคื• ืืœื™ื” ืœืงื•ืคืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื-ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื›ืœืœื™ืช. ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื”ืงื‘"ื˜ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื›ืœืœื™ืช ื”ืขืœืชื” ื›ื™ ื—ืชื™ืžืช ื”ืจื•ืคื ืื›ืŸ ืžื–ื•ื™ืคืช. ื‘ืžืจืก 2008 ืคื ื” ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื•ื ืขื ื” ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ืื™ืฉ ืœื ื”ืชืœื•ื ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืื™ื ื• ืžืขื›ื‘ ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื”. ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ 2008 ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ืžืฆื‘ื™ืข ืขืœ ื—ืฉื“ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืคืœื™ืœื™ ืฉืœ ื–ื™ื•ืฃ ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืงื‘ืœืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืœืขื™ื•ื ื• ื•ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื• ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืœืžืžืฉืœื”, ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ืกืขื™ืฃ 14 (ื’) ื‘ื—ื•ืง ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื”ืชืฉื™"ื—- 1958 (ื ื•ืกื— ืžืฉื•ืœื‘). ื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืชื™ืง ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ืžืฉื ื” ืœืคืจืงืœื™ื˜ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” (ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืคืœื™ืœื™ื™ื) ืืฉืจ ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2008 ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ืœืจืืฉ ืžื“ื•ืจ ื—ืงื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืžื˜ื” ื”ืืจืฆื™ ืฉืœ ืžืฉื˜ืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2008 ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื” ืžื ื”ืœืช ืื’ืฃ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”, ืœืžืจ ืขื•ื–ื™ ื™ืฆื—ืงื™, ืกืžื ื›"ืœ ื‘ื›ื™ืจ ืœืชื ื•ืขื” ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”, ื›ื™ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืคื•ืขืœ ืœืžื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ื”ืื•ืคื˜ื•ืžื˜ืจืื™ื; ื”ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ื™ื‘ื•ืฆืข ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืื•ืคื˜ื•ืžื˜ืจืื™ ื™ื–ื•ื”ื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ื—ื›ื, ืขืœ ืคื™ ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ืื•ืคื˜ื•ืžื˜ืจืื™ื ืฉืชืชืงื‘ืœ ืžืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช. ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื”, ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืขื ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื”ืžื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ "ืžืžืฉืœ ื–ืžื™ืŸ" ื•ื‘ืืžืฆืข ืฉื ืช 2009 ื™ื—ืœ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืชื›ื ื”. ืขื•ื“ ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื” ื›ื™ ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ืžืงื•ืคื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื. ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื• ืžื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2008 ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”, ื›ื™ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ืžืฉืงื™ืขื” ืžืืžืฆื™ื ื•ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžื ื™ืขืช ื”ื–ื™ื•ืฃ ื•ื”ืžืจืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ื•ืช, ื•ืœื›ืŸ, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ, ืชื•ืงื ื• ืชืงื ื•ืช ื”ืชืขื‘ื•ืจื”, ื•ื›ืขืช ืขืœ ื”ืจื•ืคื ื”ื‘ื•ื“ืง ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื”. ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืœื”ืื™ืฅ ืืช ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืžื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ื”ืื•ืคื˜ื•ืžื˜ืจืื™ื ืขืœ ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื”ืจืื™ื” ืฉืœ ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื•ืœื” ื’ื™ืข ืžื•ืงื“ื ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื 103 . ื”ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืกื›ื ืขื ืงื•ืคื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ ื”ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ื ื•ืช. ื›ืš ื™ื™ืžื ืขื• ืื• ื™ืฆื•ืžืฆืžื• ืžืื•ื“ ื”ื–ื™ื•ืคื™ื. .ืกื™ื›ื•ื .ืžื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ืฉื ืขืฉืชื” ื‘ืื’ืฃ ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ืขื•ืœื” ืืฃ ืฉื ืขืฉื” ืžืืžืฅ ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื—ืœืง ืžืŸ ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืฆื•ื™ื ื• ื‘ื“ื•ื— ื”ืงื•ื“ื, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ ื“ืจืš ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืชืงื ื•ืช ื”ืชืขื‘ื•ืจื”, ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื, ืฉืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืœื ื”ื’ื™ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื•ืกืžื›ื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื ื”ื™ื’ื”, ื˜ืจื ืชื•ืงื ื•. ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ืขืœ ื”ื ืคืงืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืจื•ืฆื” ื•ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืฉื“ืจื•ื’ ื“ืจื’ืช ื”ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืœื ืกืžื›ื•ืช. ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ืช ืื™ื ื” ื—ื•ืกืžืช ื”ืกืจืช ื”ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื”. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืจื•ืื” ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื” ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืœื ื›ืœ ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืขืœื™ื”ื ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืข ืชื•ืงื ื•, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื•ืขื ื ื”ื’ื™ื ืขื‘ืจื™ื™ื ื™ื. ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืœื ื“ื™ื—ื•ื™ ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื” ื‘ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื•ืœืžื ื•ืข, ืžืžื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ืœื”ื ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืœืกื›ืŸ ืืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ.
95 .ื”ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื . .ืžืžืฆืื™ ืžืขืงื‘ .ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช .ื”ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื - ืžืขืงื‘ ืžื•ืจื—ื‘ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื•ื‘ืžืฉื˜ืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ืขืฉื” ืžืขืงื‘ ืžื•ืจื—ื‘ ืœื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื ืคืงืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืฉืคื•ืจืกืžื• ื‘ื“ื•ื— ืฉื ืชื™ 56 .ื‘ ืฉืœ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื‘ืื’ืฃ ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ื”ืืจืฆื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื ื‘ื“ืงื• ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ื ื”ื’ื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืžืฆื™ื™ืชื™ื ืœื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ื•ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื‘ืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ืขื ื ื”ื’ื™ื ื”ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ืืฃ ืฉืจืฉื•ืช ืžื•ืกืžื›ืช ืคืกืœื” ืืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืฉืœื”ื. ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื”ืฉืœืžื” ื ืขืฉื• ื‘ืื’ืฃ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื; ื‘ืžื“ื•ืจ ืžื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืชื ื•ืขื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื”; ื‘ืžื—ืœืงืช ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื•ื—ืงื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ื•ื‘ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜. . .ืžื‘ื•ื .ืืœืคื™ ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืžืชืจื—ืฉื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื“ื™ ืฉื ื”. ืžืื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ื ื”ืจื’ื™ื ื‘ื”ืŸ, ืืœืคื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื ืคืฆืขื™ื, ื•ื—ืœืง ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืŸ ื”ืคืฆื•ืขื™ื ื ื“ืจืฉ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืœื™ืš ืฉื™ืงื•ื ืžืžื•ืฉืš. ื”ืกื‘ืœ ืจื‘, ื”ื›ืื‘ ื•ื”ืฆืขืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื, ื•ื”ืขืœื•ืช ืœืžืฉืง ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืœืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ื™ ืฉืงืœื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื”. ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื”ืŸ ืืคื•ื ืžื›ืช ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื•ืขืœ ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœื”ื™ืื‘ืง ื‘ื”ืŸ ื‘ืชืงื™ืคื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช. ื‘ืฉื ืช 2006 ืคืจืกื ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื“ื•ื— ืžืงื™ืฃ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื , ื•ื‘ื• ื ืกืงืจื•, ื‘ื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ื•ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ื˜, ืฉื•ืจื” ืืจื•ื›ื” ืฉืœ ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืื‘ืง ื‘ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื1 . ืขืงื‘ ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉืžื™ื™ื—ืก ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœืžืื‘ืง ื‘ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื, ื•ื ื•ื›ื— ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืชื• ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื•ืช ืžืขืงื‘ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ืชื’ืœื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืชื• ื™ืชื•ืงื ื•, ืขืฉื” ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื’ื ื”ืฉื ื” ืฉืชื™ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืชืžืงื“ื• ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ื’ื•ืจื ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ืœืชืื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• - ื‘ื ื”ื’ื™ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื”ืžืกื›ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ. ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืื—ืช ืžืชืžืงื“ืช ื‘ืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ืชื’ืœ ื• ื‘ื“ื•ื— ื”ืงื•ื“ื ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ื ืคืงืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื ื”ื™ื’ื” . .__________________ .1 ,ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”ื“ื•ื— ืฉื ืชื™ 56( ื‘ 2006) , 'ืขืž3. 96 ื“ื•ื— ืฉื ืชื™59ื‘ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืื—ืจืช ืขื•ืกืงืช ื‘ืื—ืช ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืžื“ื•ืช ื‘ืจืืฉ ืกื“ืจ ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ - ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืขื‘ืจื™ื™ื ื™ ืชื ื•ืขื” ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืจืฉืขื• ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ืจื‘ ืฉืœ ืขื‘ืจื•ืช ืชื ื•ืขื” ื•ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืฉืœื”ื ื ืคืกืœ ืืš ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื•ืœืกื›ืŸ ืืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ. ื”ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื 97 .ื”ื ืคืงืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื ื”ื™ื’ื” .ืชืงืฆื™ืจ ., ]ื ื•ืกื— ื—ื“ืฉ [ ื”ื”ืกื“ืจื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื™ื ืœืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ื ื”ื’ื™ื ื ืงื‘ืขื• ื‘ืคืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืชืขื‘ื•ืจื” ื”ืชืฉื›"ื- 1961 ,, ื•ื‘ืชืงื ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืชืงื ื• ืขืœ ืคื™ื”, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืชืงื ื•ืช ื”ืชืขื‘ื•ืจื” ื”ืชืฉื›"ื- 1961 (ืœื”ืœืŸ- ืชืงื ื•ืช ื”ืชืขื‘ื•ืจื”). ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ืฉื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” (ืœื”ืœืŸ - ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™) ืžื•ืคืงื“ืช, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ, ืขืœ ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื›ืฉืจืชื ืฉืœ ื ื”ื’ื™ ืจื›ื‘ ืžื ื•ืขื™ ื•ืขืœ ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื•ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ืฉืœ ื ื”ื’ื™ื ื•ื›ืœื™ ืจื›ื‘, ื•ื”ื™ื ืคื•ืขืœืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืื’ืฃ ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ื•ืืจื‘ืข ืœืฉื›ื•ืช ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ืžื—ื•ื–ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื‘ื—ื•ืœื•ืŸ, ื‘ื—ื™ืคื” ื•ื‘ื‘ืืจ ืฉื‘ืข, ืฉืœื”ืŸ 22 .ืกื ื™ืคื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืืจืฅ .ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช .ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืืคืจื™ืœ -ื™ื•ื ื™ 2008 ืขืฉื” ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืžืขืงื‘ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืฉื ืงื˜ื” ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืฆื•ื™ื ื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืฉืคื•ืจืกืžื” ื‘ืžืื™ 20062 (ืœื”ืœืŸ- ื”ื“ื•ื— ื”ืงื•ื“ื). ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื ืขืฉืชื” ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ื•ื‘ืื’ืฃ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”. .ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื”ืžืžืฆืื™ื .1. ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2008 ื”ื—ืœื” ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื–ื›ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื ืฉื–ื›ื• ื‘ืžื›ืจื– ืœืฉื ื”ืคืขืœืชื ืฉืœ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื ืœืžื‘ื—ื ื™ื ืขื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื. ืœืคื™ ืžืกืžื›ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”, ืขื“ ื™ื•ื ื™ 2008 ื”ืคืขื™ืœื• ื”ื–ื›ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืจืง 16 ืž-23 ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืฉื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื• ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ; ืขื ื–ืืช, ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื ื›ืœ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื–ื›ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื’ื“ืœ ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื ื™ื›ืจืช, ืž- 600 ืฉืขื•ืช ื—ื• ื“ืฉื™ื•ืช ืœ- 2,692 - ืคื™4.5 . 2. ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ืกื•ื— ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืžืื’ืจ ืฉืืœื•ืช ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ ื—ื“ืฉ ืœืžื‘ื—ื ื™ื ื”ืขื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืœืขืœื™ื™ื” ื—ื“ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ื ื›ืฉืœื™ื. 3. ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ื”ืขืœืชื” ืฉืœื ืชื•ืงื ื• ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื ืฉื ืžืฆืื• ื‘ื“ื•ื— ื”ืงื•ื“ื ื•ืฉื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ืขืœ ื”ื ืคืงืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืคืจืฆื” ื” ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœืฉื“ืจื’ ืฉืœื ื›ื“ื™ืŸ ืืช ื“ืจื’ืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื• ื–ื›ืื™ ืœื›ืš. 4. ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื•ืื•ืคื˜ื•ืžื˜ืจืื™ื ื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื•ื“ืงื™ื ืืช ืืžืชื•ืช ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืื•ืคื˜ื•ืžื˜ืจืื™ื™ื. .__________________ .2 ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื“ื•ื— ืฉื ืชื™ 56ื‘ (2006 '), ืขืž30. 98 ื“ื•ื— ืฉื ืชื™59ื‘ .ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื•ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช .ืืฃ ืฉืชื•ืงื ื• ื—ืœืง ืžืŸ ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืฆื•ื™ื ื• ื‘ื“ื•ื— ื”ืงื•ื“ื, ืœืจื‘ ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืชืงื ื•ืช ื”ืชืขื‘ื•ืจื”, ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื, ืฉืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืœื ื”ื’ื™ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื•ืกืžื›ื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื ื”ื™ื’ื”, ื˜ืจื ืชื•ืงื ื•. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžื™ื™ื—ืก ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ืœืžืื‘ืง ื‘ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื•ื‘ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ื ื”ื’ื™ื ืขื‘ืจื™ื™ื ื™ื. ื™ืฉ ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื” ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืœื ื”ื’ื™ื ืฉืžืกื›ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืจื—ื‘ ืœื ื”ื•ื’, ื˜ืจื ืชื•ืงื ื•. ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ืœืœื ื“ื™ื—ื•ื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื ืฉืžืกื›ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื–ื• ื‘ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื. .
ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘/ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื โ€“ ื”ื ืคืงืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื ื”ื™ื’ื” - ืžืžืฆืื™ ืžืขืงื‘
" โ™ฆ .ืžื‘ื•ื .1. ื ื•ืฉืื™ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื”ืœื ื—ื•ืงื™ืช ื•ื”ืคืœื™ืฉื” ืœืงืจืงืขื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™(...TRUNCATED)
" 45 .ืื›ื™ืคืช ื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ . .ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช .ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื”ืืจืฆื™ืช (...TRUNCATED)
ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘/ืื›ื™ืคืช ื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ
" โ™ฆ . .ืžื‘ื•ื .ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื•ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื™ื ื ื™ื•ืจ(...TRUNCATED)
" ื”ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื 103 .ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืขื‘ืจื™ื™ื ื™ ืชื ื•ืขื” ืž(...TRUNCATED)
"ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘/ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื โ€“ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืขื‘ืจื™ื™ื (...TRUNCATED)
" โ™ฆ . .ืžื‘ื•ื .1. ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืคืฉื™ืขื” ื”ื•ื ื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื, ืžืื•ื’ื“ ืื• ื‘ืœืชื™ -(...TRUNCATED)
" .ืคืจืง ืจืืฉื•ืŸ .ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ . 3 .ื”ืžืื‘ืง ื‘ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ ื”ืคืฉื™ืขื” . .ืคืขื•ืœื•(...TRUNCATED)
ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘/ื”ืžืื‘ืง ื‘ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ ื”ืคืฉื™ืขื”
" โ™ฆ . .ืžื‘ื•ื .ื—ื•ืง ืžืฉืง ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ, ื”ืชืฉื \"ื• - 1996 (ืœื”ืœืŸ- ื”ื—ื•ืง), ื ื•ืขื“ \"ืœ(...TRUNCATED)
" 1195 .ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช . .ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช .ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชืฉืช(...TRUNCATED)
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื™ื”/ื”ื™ืขืจื›ื•ืช ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื—ืฉืžืœ
" โ™ฆ . .ืžื‘ื•ื .ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ืœื—ืฉืžืœ ื”ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ื’ื“ืœ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื•ืงืžื• (...TRUNCATED)
" ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืชื”ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช 1219 . ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื•ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ืื ืจื’ื™ื•ืช(...TRUNCATED)
"ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื™ื”/ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื•ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ืื ืจื’ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉ(...TRUNCATED)
" โ™ฆ . .ืžื‘ื•ื .1. ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช (ืœื”ืœืŸ - ื”ืžืฉืจื“) ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืช(...TRUNCATED)
" ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช 1237 . ืžื›ื•ื ื™ ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืจื“ ื”(...TRUNCATED)
"ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื™ื”/ืžื›ื•ื ื™ ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืื•ืž(...TRUNCATED)
" ืžื‘ื•ื .ื—ื‘ืจืช ื ืžืœ ืื™ืœืช ื‘ืข\"ืž (ืœื”ืœืŸ - ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”) ื”ื•ืงืžื” ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2004 . (...TRUNCATED)
" 1373 . ื—ื‘ืจืช ื ืžืœ ืื™ืœืช ื‘ืข\"ืž . .ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช .ื‘ื—ื‘ืจืช \"ื ืžืœ ืื™(...TRUNCATED)
ื—ื‘ืจืช ื ืžืœ ืื™ืœืช ื‘ืข_ืž/ืื™ืจื•ื— ืžื•ืคืขื™ ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ื ืžืœ ืื™ืœืช
" โ™ฆ . .ืžื‘ื•ื .1. ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืจื‘ ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื™ - (...TRUNCATED)
" 787 .ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื•ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื›ืคืจ . .ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช .ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืข(...TRUNCATED)
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื•ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื›ืคืจ/ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื
" โ™ฆ . .ืžื‘ื•ื .ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ื‘ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืกื™ื (ืœื”ืœืŸ - ืชื—\"ืฆ) ื”ื™ื(...TRUNCATED)
" 1067 .ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื . .ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช .ื‘ืžืฉ(...TRUNCATED)
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื/ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœื ื•ืกืข ื‘ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืก

MevakerSumm

Abstractive summarization dataset for long documents.

Citing

If you use MevakerSumm in your research, please cite Mevaker: Conclusion Extraction and Allocation Resources for the Hebrew Language.

@article{shalumov2024mevaker,
      title={Mevaker: Conclusion Extraction and Allocation Resources for the Hebrew Language}, 
      author={Vitaly Shalumov and Harel Haskey and Yuval Solaz},
      year={2024},
      eprint={2403.09719},
      archivePrefix={arXiv},
      primaryClass={cs.CL}
}
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