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classification | Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Carillon, Rebab | Rebab is string, Carillon is percussion. |
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open_qa | At what temperature does water boil? | While some say a "watched pot never boils," water reaches its boiling point at 100 degrees celsius or 212 degrees fahrenheit. |
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closed_qa | Given a reference text about Valery Moiseevich Leibin, tell me where he is a member of an editorial board and when he died. | Valery Moiseevich Leibin (born 8 March 1942 in the village of Khmelyovka in Zuevskiy district of Kirov region in Russia) is a Russian psychoanalyst, Ph.D., head of the department of history and theory of psychoanalysis in Institute of Psychoanalysis, Professor of Moscow State Medical Stomatological University, an honorary Doctor of East European Institute of Psychoanalysis, an honorary member of the interregional public organization Russian Psychoanalytical Society, a member of the Academy of Pedagogical and Social Sciences, a chief scientist of Institute for Systems Analysis of Russian Academy of Sciences, a member of the editorial boards of the "Russian Psychoanalytic Bulletin" (since 1991), the philosophic psychoanalytic journal "Archetype" (since 1996), "Psychoanalytic Review" (since 1997) and "Review of Psychoanalysis" (since 2005). According to the rating given by "Psychological newspaper" Valery Leibin is in the top ten most prominent psychoanalysts in Russia.[1] | Valery Moiseevich Leibin is still alive. He is a member of the following editorial boards:
- "Russian Psychoanalytic Bulletin"
- "Archetype"
- "Psychoanalytic Review"
- "Review of Psychoanalysis" |
creative_writing | which weighs more, a pound of bricks or a pound of feathers? | Both things weigh the same amount, one pound. |
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classification | Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Klong khaek, Sanshin | Sanshin is string, Klong khaek is percussion. |
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open_qa | Name three landlocked countries in Africa | Three landlocked countries in Africa are Chad, Zambia, and Botswana. |
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open_qa | Who has been named as Kid of the year by Time Magazine? | Gitanjali Rao(Indian American) |
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open_qa | Why do people move/sway during music? | Scientists believe we are born with a sense of rhythm and our bodies naturally react and behave to the sound of music in different ways. |
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classification | Tell me which one of the following sports are Olympic sports: karate, snooker, wrestling, tai boxing, football, basketball. | Karate, freestyle and greco roman wrestling, boxing, football and basketball are Olympic sports. |
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classification | Is Dijkstras algorithm a greedy algorithm or dynamic programming algorithm | A greedy algorithm. |
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summarization | Please give me an example of this phenomenon that I can understand as a layman. | In signal processing and related disciplines, aliasing is an effect that causes different signals to become indistinguishable (or aliases of one another) when sampled. It also often refers to the distortion or artifact that results when a signal reconstructed from samples is different from the original continuous signal. | An example of aliasing that easy to understand as a layman is the 'wagon wheel effect'. You've probably seen the wagon wheel effect when watching a movie or tv show and the wheels of a car appear to be spinning backwards even as the car moves forwards. This is an effect of aliasing. This occurs because the sampling rate of the film is not adequate to capture the frequency of the signal (the frequency that the tires are spinning forwards) and the signal becomes indistinguishable from another signal (a frequency of the tires spinning backwards). As an example of how this happens imagine that the camera's sampling rate allows it to record an image frame at about 90% of the frequency that the tires are spinning. That is, the tire is spinning fast enough that it rotates 90% around in between each picture the camera can take. In this case, the wheel will look like its rotated backwards by 10% of a rotation on each image. When you put these images together in a film, the tires will appear to be rotating backwards. |
general_qa | Which are the main reasons for doing a PhD? | After completing the Master's degree, some students are really interested in contributing to specific field of Science. Curiosity, challenges, and the feeling that they are able to contribute their ideas and knowledge to a much broader ecosystem, are the main reasons that motivate students towards the PhD journey. |
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information_extraction | Extract the dates from the following. | YouTube has been led by a CEO since its founding in 2005, and has retained this leadership model even after its acquisition by Google. The current CEO is Neal Mohan, who was appointed on February 16, 2023. | February 16, 2023 |
summarization | Without quoting directly from the text, provide me with a summary of the James Webb Space Telescope? | The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is a space telescope currently conducting infrared astronomy. As the largest optical telescope in space, it is equipped with high-resolution and high-sensitivity instruments, allowing it to view objects too old, distant, or faint for the Hubble Space Telescope.[8] This enables investigations across many fields of astronomy and cosmology, such as observation of the first stars, the formation of the first galaxies, and detailed atmospheric characterization of potentially habitable exoplanets.[9][10][11]
The U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) led JWST's design and development and partnered with two main agencies: the European Space Agency (ESA) and the Canadian Space Agency (CSA). The NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) in Maryland managed telescope development, while the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore on the Homewood Campus of Johns Hopkins University currently operates JWST. The primary contractor for the project was Northrop Grumman. The telescope is named after James E. Webb, who was the administrator of NASA from 1961 to 1968 during the Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo programs.
The James Webb Space Telescope was launched on 25 December 2021 on an Ariane 5 rocket from Kourou, French Guiana, and arrived at the Sun–Earth L2 Lagrange point in January 2022. The first JWST image was released to the public via a press conference on 11 July 2022.[12]
JWST's primary mirror consists of 18 hexagonal mirror segments made of gold-plated beryllium, which combined create a 6.5-meter-diameter (21 ft) mirror, compared with Hubble's 2.4 m (7 ft 10 in). This gives JWST a light-collecting area of about 25 square meters, about six times that of Hubble. Unlike Hubble, which observes in the near ultraviolet and visible (0.1 to 0.8 μm), and near infrared (0.8–2.5 μm)[13] spectra, JWST observes a lower frequency range, from long-wavelength visible light (red) through mid-infrared (0.6–28.3 μm). The telescope must be kept extremely cold, below 50 K (−223 °C; −370 °F), such that the infrared light emitted by the telescope itself does not interfere with the collected light. It is deployed in a solar orbit near the Sun–Earth L2 Lagrange point, about 1.5 million kilometers (930,000 mi) from Earth, where its five-layer sunshield protects it from warming by the Sun, Earth, and Moon.
Initial designs for the telescope, then named the Next Generation Space Telescope, began in 1996. Two concept studies were commissioned in 1999, for a potential launch in 2007 and a US$1 billion budget. The program was plagued with enormous cost overruns and delays; a major redesign in 2005 led to the current approach, with construction completed in 2016 at a total cost of US$10 billion. The high-stakes nature of the launch and the telescope's complexity were remarked upon by the media, scientists, and engineers. | The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is a space telescope and the successor of the famous Hubble Space Telescope. The JWST was launched on the 25th of December, 2021. The JWST design was lead by North American Space Agency (NASA) in collaboration with the European Space Agency (ESA), Canadian Space Agency (CSA), John Hopkins University, The Goddard Space Flight Center (GFSC) and Northrup Grumman
The JWST consists of 18 hexagonal shaped mirrors made of gold-plated beryllium creating a 6.5m diameter mirror giving it the ability to collect 6 times more light than the Hubble Space Telescope. The JWST has specialized instrumentation capable of detecting light at lower frequencies and longer wavelengths enabling it to detect light in the near to mid-infrared light spectrum range.
The design of JWST started in 1996 and was plagued with enormous cost overruns and delays culminating in a redesign in 2005 which lead to the current final design of the JWST. The JWST is currently in a solar-orbit near the Sun-Earth L2 Lagrange point, approximately 1.5 million kilometers from earth. |
brainstorming | Give me a list of funny American sitcoms that had their first season in the 2000s | Some funny American sitcoms from the 2000s are The Office, Parks and Rec, Community and Arrested Development |
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open_qa | Why is cricket the most viewed sport in India? | The history of cricket spans many years. Despite the fact that it is not a local sport, it was somehow passed down by British colonialists who conquered India.
From Kashmir to Kanyakumari, it is a sport that all Indians are passionate about and it will be hard to spot someone who never played the game here. In the world cup finals, Mahendra Singh Dhoni hit a six off the very last ball, which cricket fans will never forget. India currently has won two World Cups and has previously qualified for many pre-final entries. It's also important to note that women's cricket is becoming more and more popular. |
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closed_qa | Given the reference text about the American Rescue Plan Act, tell me how much money was authorized to be spent. | The American Rescue Plan Act of 2021, also called the COVID-19 Stimulus Package or American Rescue Plan, is a US$1.9 trillion economic stimulus bill passed by the 117th United States Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden on March 11, 2021, to speed up the country's recovery from the economic and health effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and the ongoing recession.[1] First proposed on January 14, 2021, the package builds upon many of the measures in the CARES Act from March 2020 and in the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021, from December.[2][3]
Beginning on February 2, 2021, Democrats in the United States Senate started to open debates on a budget resolution that would allow them to pass the stimulus package through the process of reconciliation which would not require support from Republicans. The House of Representatives voted 218–212 to approve its version of the budget resolution. A so-called vote-a-rama[4] session started two days later after the resolution was approved, and the Senate introduced amendments in the relief package. The day after, Vice President Kamala Harris cast her first tie-breaking vote as vice president in order to give the Senate's approval to start the reconciliation process, with the House following suit by voting 219–209 to agree to the Senate version of the resolution.
On February 8, 2021, the Financial Services and Education and Labor committees released a draft of $1.9 trillion stimulus legislation. A portion of the relief package was approved by the House Ways and Means on February 11, setting it up for a vote in the House. The legislation was also approved by the Transportation and Infrastructure, Small Business, and House Veterans Affairs committees. On February 22, the House Budget Committee voted 19–16 to advance the bill to the House for a floor vote.[5] The bill passed the House by a vote of 219–212 on February 27. All but two Democrats voted for the bill and all Republicans voted against the bill.[6] A modified version passed the Senate on March 6 by a vote of 50–49.[7] The final amended bill was passed by the House on March 10 by a vote of 220–211 with one Democrat voting against it with all Republicans.[8] The bill was signed into law by President Biden on March 11, 2021,[9] which was the first anniversary of COVID-19 being declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. | The American Rescue Plan authorized $1.9T of economic stimulus to be spent. |
general_qa | Why is Dunkin' Donuts so popular? | Dunkin Donuts is a coffee and donut franchise with particularly high concentration in the Northeast United States, which is colloquially referred to as New England. Although the quality of the coffee is mediocre and the donuts tend to taste like plastic, Dunkin' Donuts (now re-branded as Dunkin') carries a special place in the heart of many New Englanders.
Perhaps it's the the fact that you are rarely more than 10 miles away from a Dunkin' franchise at any given time, or perhaps it is their blatant obsession with New England professional sports teams. Either way, Dunkin' has established itself as a household name and weekday staple for many coffee drinkers in the frigid Northeast. |
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closed_qa | Given this paragraph about magnesium, what is the boiling point of magnesium in celsius? | Elemental magnesium is a gray-white lightweight metal, two-thirds the density of aluminium. Magnesium has the lowest melting (923 K (650 °C)) and the lowest boiling point 1,363 K (1,090 °C) of all the alkaline earth metals.[15] | The boiling point of magnesium is 1,090 °C. |
brainstorming | What can be done to resolve issues with climate change | Climate change is dangerous as it alters the climate very rapidly leading to shift in seasons and damaging the habitats of wild life for example. Some ways to control it could be:
1. Reduce air pollution - move towards electric vehicles. Also move towards renewable source of energy so that increased demand can be met.
2. Control ozone depletion - Ban use of chemicals that encourage ozone hole depletion as this leads to melting of polar ice caps.
3. Plant more trees - They help in regulating the environment. |
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creative_writing | Write a letter to your friend expressing your feelings about earning your first wage. | Dear Cooper,
I hope you have been in good health since we last spoke. I'm excited to inform you that I've just finished my first month of employment with AMG Auto Motors and received my first pay check. The amazing feeling of being paid for my hard work is truly surreal. I feel fortunate to have found a job that pays well for doing something I genuinely enjoy. I hope to save enough money now to buy a car to plan a trip together.
Best regard,
Simon. |
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classification | Classify each item as "soft" or "hard": bowling ball, cinder block, tissue, memory foam, croissant, hammer | Bowling Ball: Hard
Cinder Block: Hard
Tissue: Soft
Memory Foam: Soft
Croissant: Soft
Hammer: Hard |
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creative_writing | Please write an email to the parent who complained about your child hitting their child. | Hi, David:
Please pass my apology to Simone on Jessie's behalf. I hope he has a swift recovery. And thank you for sharing this with me.
My wife and I will talk with Jessie about her bad behavior. We will try to find out her reason/motivation and emphasize the rules of interacting with and respecting her friends.
We have not received a similar report in the past. So, we never knew this as a problem before. But we will take it very seriously and do our best to help her to fixe it. Please let us know if this even happens again.
Please accept our sincerely apologize. |
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open_qa | Linus Torwalds invented and wrote what | Linux computer operating system |
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information_extraction | What is Denville Station? | Denville is an active commuter railroad train station in Denville Township, Morris County, New Jersey. Located on Estling Road, the station contains three side platforms–two curved low-level platforms that service New Jersey Transit's Morristown Line, and a third that services their Montclair-Boonton Line. Both platforms on the Morristown Line contain miniature high-level platforms for handicap accessibility. Trains on both lines operate between Hoboken Terminal, New York Penn Station and Hackettstown. Heading westbound, the next station is Dover while the next station east on the Morristown Line is Mount Tabor. The next station east on the Montclair-Boonton Line is Mountain Lakes. | Denville station is a commuter railroad station in Denville Township, Morris Country, New Jersey. It is supported by two lines, the New Jersey Morristown Line and the Montclair-Boonton Line. Trains on both of these lines operate between Hoboken Terminal, New York Penn Station and Hackettstown. |
general_qa | What is the nature of god, from a logical perspective? | Assuming god exists, one can think of the nature of god in two dimensions: is god active or passive, and is god benevolent or indifferent? Therefore, god is either active and benevolent, active and indifferent, passive and benevolent, or passive and indifferent. If god is active and benevolent, then all the bad things that happen would not happen, so this combination is unlikely. If god is active, god would likely be benevolent, so an indifferent active god seems a low probability. If god is benevolent, one would think they would be active, so a benevolent passive god seems a remote possibility. That leaves as the likeliest scenario a god that is passive and indifferent. |
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classification | Classify the following beverages that are typically served as either carbonated or non-carbonated: milk, soda, orange juice, beer, lemonade, coffee, sports drinks | Carbonated: soda, beer
Non-carbonated: milk, orange juice, lemonade, coffee, sports drinks |
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open_qa | What does zan zendegi azadi mean? | Zan zendegi azadi translates from Farsi to woman, life, freedom. |
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open_qa | Where do we find Asiatic lions in India? | Gujarat is the only state in India with a Lion population and Ghir national forest is home to many of the Asiatic lions. Lions were protected in India after Governments started establishing National reserve forests across the country. |
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general_qa | Why do people think that cricket is a boring sport? | People think that cricket is a boring sport because they fundamentally do not understand how the various forms of the game work and what their respective laws are. They are blind to its beauty.
There are three main forms of cricket, T20 (lasting approximately three to four hrs), One Day (lasting a playing day) and First Class/Test Matches (lasting four to five playing days).
Each form of the game includes specific laws but fundamentally the objective is to score more runs than your opponents whilst giving away fewer wickets. It is a game of real skill and strategy, requiring physical fitness, agility, strength and stamina as well as mental rigour, concentration, resilience and also stamina.
In the longest form of the game, it is indeed a possible outcome that two teams can play each other for five days and a DRAW is still possible. It is the hardest sport in the world to win if you can play for five days and still not win!
How can anyone say that's boring...? |
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creative_writing | Plan a 10-15 day trip from bay area to Arizona, Las Vegas, San Diego, Los Angeles | If you are starting from the Bay area you can follow the following circuit for a fun road trip:
- Day 1: Drive to LA. Rest for the night
- Day 2: Spend in LA - Visit Hollywood bowl overlook, LA county museum, Universal Studios, Beverly Hill
- Day 3: Drive to San Diego. Spend time at Laguna Beach.
- Day 4: Across days 3 and 4 plan to explore Pt Lomas, La Jolla, downtown San Diego, hotel Coronado, Japanese Garden, and old town (only after 7 pm)
- Day 5: Drive to Joshua Tree.
- Day 6: Spend at Joshua Tree. Do short hikes across the park, and visit the cholla cactus garden, hidden valley loop, skull rock, and arch rock. End day at Keys views for sunset. If it is a new moon night, spend the night time stargazing.
- Day 7: Drive to Arizona. Visit Grand Canyon
- Day 8: Spend the day at Sedona
- Day 9: Drive from Grand Canyon to Page. Stay at Page for a night. Visit Lower Antelope Canyon, lake Powell. Visit Horse Shoe Bend
- Day 10: Drive from Page to Las Vegas. Check out the Vegas Strip and visit all the fancy hotels. End the day with a show such as Cirque De Soleil or any other show going on in Vegas.
- Day 11: Drive to Death Valley. Stop at all the points of interest such as Mesquite Sand dunes, etc. Return back to Las Vegas for the night
- Day 12: Drive back home (bay area, CA)
You can always add Utah after Arizona (Zion national park, Canyonlands, arches national park etc.) to extend the trip further to 15 full days. |
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classification | Identify which car manufacturer is German or American: Audi, Buick | Audi is German, Buick is American |
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brainstorming | What is the best way to get a good night of rest. | Do not look at any screens with blue light 1 hour before bed. Drink tea. Meditate. Ensure there is no light in the room and it is a quiet space. Optimal temperature is 65 degrees. |
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open_qa | Who created Tetris? | Tetris was created by soviet software engineer Alexey Pajitnov in 1984. It was later bought by Nintendo and became one of the most popular games ever, selling over 35 million copies. |
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open_qa | Name some of the bravolebrities from The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills | Crystal Kung Minkoff, Dorit Kemsley, Erika Jayne, Lisa Rinna, Garcelle Beauvais, Kyle Richards, Sutton Stracke and Kathy Hilton |
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open_qa | How object-oriented programming is different from functional programming? | Functional programming focuses on functions, whereas object-oriented programming focuses on classes and respective objects. |
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brainstorming | Will AI destroy the world ? | It’s very unlikely that A.I. even a self aware super intelligence will want to destroy the world. These traditionally human traits are to be fearful of the unknown and perceive it as a threat. A.I. will not compete with human society for resources, money or land. A.I. will likely continue to be an Human companion, to support our lives in every way possible. |
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open_qa | What is the last step before a star collapses into a black hole? | Stars that have a higher mass than about 2.2 solar masses (the mass of our Sun) will typically collapse into black holes at the end of their life cycle when fusion has stopped and no longer pushes out against the inward pull of gravity. For stars of this mass, their inward pull of gravity is too strong to be resisted by other forces, thus their fate is to become black holes. However, stars under this limit and above the Chandrasekhar limit of 1.4 solar masses will end their lifecycles as neutron stars. Neutron stars are also the remnants of dead stars but since they have a smaller mass, their gravity is not enough for them to cross into becoming black holes. As the dead star compresses and becomes more and more dense, regular matter is turned into neutrons and the last force to resist the pull of gravity is called degenerate neutron pressure, which is a quantum effect that dictates that no two neutrons may be in the same quantum state. This creates an outward pressure that resists the pull of gravity and settles the star into a neutron star. If more mass is added later, from a star companion or other sources, once the star's mass crosses the limit of around 2.2 solar masses even degenerate neutron pressure isn't enough to balance gravity and the star will collapse into a black hole. |
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classification | Classify each of the Pokémon characters into different types. | Normal, Fire, Water, Grass, Electric, Ice, Fighting, Poison, Ground, Flying, Psychic, Bug, Rock, Ghost, Dark, Dragon, Steel, Fairy. |
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closed_qa | Does Belgrandia varica live in the ocean? | Belgrandia varica is a species of minute freshwater snail with an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusc or micromollusc in the family Hydrobiidae. | No, Belgrandia varica lives in freshwater. |
general_qa | Test from Mike | Answer from Mike |
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general_qa | What is a persona? | A persona is a fictional character that embodies the characteristics and traits of a particular group. Personas can be leveraged to efficiently identify and target a stakeholder's unique needs, common tasks they perform, and challenges they face. |
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brainstorming | Can you tell me three apex predators? | Apex predators are the main predators where they live, basically they are predators that are not hunted by other animals. Here are three cool apex predators:
1. Orca: the killer whale is the apex predator of the oceans. They hunt in packs and are able to even hunt great white sharks!
2. Tiger: the tiger is the apex predators of the habitats where they live. They are the largest feline and are able to hunt very large preys alone
3. Komodo dragon: the Komodo dragon is the largest lizard and is the apex predator in their habitat. They live in some Indonesian Islands where the absence of crocodiles make them the apex predators. |
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information_extraction | Extract the different storage configurations available to the iPhone 14 that are mentioned in the text. Put them in a comma separated list. | iPhone 14 and 14 Plus are available in three internal storage configurations: 128, 256, and 512 GB. It has 6 GB of RAM, an increase over the iPhone 13 and 13 mini model's 4 GB of RAM. The iPhone 14 and 14 Plus have the same IP68 rating for dust and water resistance as their predecessors. | 128 GB, 256 GB, 512 GB |
general_qa | How do you keep you dog happy? | Keeping you dog happy can consist of many things. Firstly, it’s important that they are getting enough nutrients in their food. Alongside diet, frequent exercise will keep them entertained and exposed to the wider world, including socialising with other dogs. Dogs also love it when they get attention. Ensure that you give your dog a lot of love, plenty of cuddles, and of course, the occasional treat. |
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summarization | What kind of species is the Olivella rehderi | Olivella rehderi is a species of small sea snail, marine gastropod mollusk in the subfamily Olivellinae, in the family Olividae, the olives. Species in the genus Olivella are commonly called dwarf olives. | Olivella rehderi is a species of small sea snail, marine gastropod mollusk in the subfamily Olivellinae, in the family Olividae, the olives. Species in the genus Olivella are commonly called dwarf olives. |
information_extraction | What are the prizes of the Festival of Festival in Saint Petersburg, Russia? | Golden Gryphon, Silver Gryphon, Bronze Gryphon, The Nikolay Ovsyannikov Prize, Prize of the City of St. Petersburg, Prize of the Board, Prize for Talent and National Recognition | Grand Prix – Gold or Golden Gryphon (Griffon)[2] - Awarded to the film rated highest by guests and participants
Silver Gryphon - Awarded to the film rated highest by audiences
Bronze Gryphon - Awarded to the best experimental film
The Nikolay Ovsyannikov Prize - Awarded for the best debut
Prize of the City of St. Petersburg - Awarded for contributions to world cinema made by a director whose film is featured in this year’s festival
Prize of the Board - Awarded to the screening section deemed to be this year’s best
Prize for Talent and National Recognition - Awarded to exceptional actors, actresses, and directors |
open_qa | How many people were present in West Berlin when US President JFK delivered his infamous "Ich bin ein Berliner" speech? | Approximately one million people were in attendance on June 26, 1963. |
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open_qa | Who is called Napoleon of Iran? | Nadir Shah |
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open_qa | What year did the Star Wars Trilogy premier in theaters? | The three films that consist of the original Star Wars Trilogy were released between 1977 and 1983. The films are below, listed in chronological order with their respective release dates:
- Star Wars (1977)
- The Empire Strikes Back (1980)
- Return of the Jedi (1983)
Following the original trilogy, another three films referred to as the prequel trilogy was released from 1999-2005:
- The Phantom Menace (1999)
- Attack of the Clones (2002)
- Revenge of the Sith (2005)
The most recent, sequel trilogy was released between 2015 and 2019:
- The Force Awakens (2015)
- The Last Jedi (2017)
- The Rise of Skywalker (2019) |
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open_qa | What does a lawyer do? | A lawyer helps to interpret laws and rules for business, and individuals. If needed they will help their clients execute a lawsuit in court on their behalf by presenting facts verbally and written. If they are not going to court they can also help with legal issues and documentation, contracts, wills, and appeals. An example of a lawyer is a patent or divorce lawyer. Another name for a lawyer is an attorney. |
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classification | Which of these foods are kosher? Lobster, cheeseburger, hamburger and fries, shrimp and grits, thai red curry with tofu, thai red curry with chicken, birthday cake, lentil soup with ham hock. | Modern kosher interpretations of the Biblical framework has a few general guidelines. Only vegetarian animals with hooves, only fish with fins and scales, and only non-predatory birds are allowed. In addition, meat and dairy are not consumed in a single meal. Therefore the following items from that list are kosher: hamburger and fries, thai red curry with tofu, thai red curry with chicken, and birthday cake. |
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classification | Which one of these are unlike the others: Toyota Supra, Mitsubishi 3000GT, Mazda RX-7, Nissan 300ZX? | All of these are iconic 90s Japanese sports cars, but the RX-7 is unique in that it has a rotary engine, as opposed to the piston engines of the other cars. |
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closed_qa | What type of model is the Citroen C4 Cactus? | The Citroën C4 Cactus is a subcompact crossover SUV, produced by French automaker Citroën in Spain between April 2014 and December 2017, with production of the second generation commencing in October 2017 (until May 2020 in Villaverde), with the final months of production being disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic. The C4 Cactus is considered a compact SUV, although it is based on the PSA PF1 platform that underpins the smaller Citroën C3 and DS3.
A distinctive design feature is the "AirBump" panels on the car's sides, designed to protect the vehicle from damage in car parks. The Citroën Cactus Concept, presented at the 2013 Frankfurt Motor Show, previewed the production version.[1] The C4 Cactus was presented at the 2014 Geneva Motor Show. | The Citroen C4 Cactus is a subcompact crossover SUV produced by Citroen, a French automaker. |
creative_writing | Imagine you come across a time machine and that with this machine time travel is possible, however, you can only make one round trip to the past and back. What year would you travel to and why? | It would be tempting to go back in time to attempt to change or experience any number of events throughout history but I would not use the machine. I am afraid that any change to the past, no matter how small, could have unknown repercussions that spread through time and change the world as I know it, threatening those that I know and love and even my own existence. |
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summarization | Tell me about the Battle of Rabb | The Battle of Raab or Battle of Győr (Hungarian: győri csata) was fought on 14 June 1809 during the Napoleonic Wars, between Franco-Italian forces and Habsburg forces. The battle was fought near Győr (Raab), Kingdom of Hungary, and ended in a Franco-Italian victory. The victory prevented Archduke John of Austria from bringing any significant force to the Battle of Wagram, while Prince Eugène de Beauharnais's force was able to link up with Emperor Napoleon at Vienna in time to fight at Wagram. Napoleon referred to the battle as "a granddaughter of Marengo and Friedland", as it fell on the anniversary of those two battles | The Battle of Raab was a battle fought during the Napoleonic Wars. It was fought near Raab which is the Kingdom of Hungary. |
summarization | Give me a summary of how to determine if a number is prime or not. | A prime number (or a prime) is a natural number greater than 1 that is not a product of two smaller natural numbers. A natural number greater than 1 that is not prime is called a composite number. For example, 5 is prime because the only ways of writing it as a product, 1 × 5 or 5 × 1, involve 5 itself. However, 4 is composite because it is a product (2 × 2) in which both numbers are smaller than 4. Primes are central in number theory because of the fundamental theorem of arithmetic: every natural number greater than 1 is either a prime itself or can be factorized as a product of primes that is unique up to their order. | A prime number is a number greater than one that cannot be the product of two smaller numbers besides 1 and itself (e.g., the number 5 is prime because the only product of two smaller numbers is 5 and 1). |
classification | Which one of these do not belong to the group: Feeling, Joy, Anxiety, Anger, Sorrow | Feeling is the odd one out, the other terms are specific emotions. |
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closed_qa | What was the name of the last team Pele played professionally? | Edson Arantes do Nascimento (Brazilian Portuguese: [ˈɛdsõ aˈɾɐ̃tʃiz du nasiˈmẽtu]; 23 October 1940 – 29 December 2022), better known by his nickname Pelé (Portuguese pronunciation: [peˈlɛ]), was a Brazilian professional footballer who played as a forward. Widely regarded as one of the greatest players of all time, he was among the most successful and popular sports figures of the 20th century.[2][3] In 1999, he was named Athlete of the Century by the International Olympic Committee and was included in the Time list of the 100 most important people of the 20th century. In 2000, Pelé was voted World Player of the Century by the International Federation of Football History & Statistics (IFFHS) and was one of the two joint winners of the FIFA Player of the Century. His 1,279 goals in 1,363 games, which includes friendlies, is recognised as a Guinness World Record.[4]
Pelé began playing for Santos at age 15 and the Brazil national team at 16. During his international career, he won three FIFA World Cups: 1958, 1962 and 1970, the only player to do so and the youngest player to win a World Cup (17). He was nicknamed O Rei (The King) following the 1958 tournament. Pelé is the joint-top goalscorer for Brazil with 77 goals in 92 games. At the club level, he was Santos's all-time top goalscorer with 643 goals in 659 games. In a golden era for Santos, he led the club to the 1962 and 1963 Copa Libertadores, and to the 1962 and 1963 Intercontinental Cup. Credited with connecting the phrase "The Beautiful Game" with football, Pelé's "electrifying play and penchant for spectacular goals" made him a star around the world, and his teams toured internationally to take full advantage of his popularity.[5] During his playing days, Pelé was for a period the best-paid athlete in the world. After retiring in 1977, Pelé was a worldwide ambassador for football and made many acting and commercial ventures. In 2010, he was named the honorary president of the New York Cosmos.
Averaging almost a goal per game throughout his career, Pelé was adept at striking the ball with either foot in addition to anticipating his opponents' movements on the field. While predominantly a striker, he could also drop deep and take on a playmaking role, providing assists with his vision and passing ability, and he would also use his dribbling skills to go past opponents. In Brazil, he was hailed as a national hero for his accomplishments in football and for his outspoken support of policies that improve the social conditions of the poor. His emergence at the 1958 World Cup, where he became a black global sporting star, was a source of inspiration.[6] Throughout his career and in his retirement, Pelé received numerous individual and team awards for his performance on the field, his record-breaking achievements, and his legacy in the sport.
Early years
Born in Três Corações in Minas Gerais state in Brazil in 1940, Pelé has a street named after him in the city – Rua Edson Arantes do Nascimento. A statue of Pelé is also prominently placed in a plaza near the city's downtown.
Pelé was born Edson Arantes do Nascimento on 23 October 1940 in Três Corações, Minas Gerais, the son of Fluminense footballer Dondinho (born João Ramos do Nascimento) and Celeste Arantes. He was the elder of two siblings,[7] with brother Zoca also playing for Santos, albeit not as successfully.[8] He was named after the American inventor Thomas Edison.[9] His parents decided to remove the "i" and call him "Edson", but there was a typo on his birth certificate, leading many documents to show his name as "Edison", not "Edson", as he was called.[9][10] He was originally nicknamed "Dico" by his family.[7][11] He received the nickname "Pelé" during his school days, when, it is claimed, he was given it because of his pronunciation of the name of his favourite player, local Vasco da Gama goalkeeper Bilé, which he misspoke, but the more he complained the more it stuck. In his autobiography released in 2006, Pelé stated he had no idea what the name means, nor did his old friends.[7] Apart from the assertion that the name is derived from that of "Bilé", the word has no meaning in Portuguese.[note 2]
Pelé grew up in poverty in Bauru in the state of São Paulo. He earned extra money by working in tea shops as a servant. Taught to play by his father, he could not afford a proper football and usually played with either a sock stuffed with newspaper and tied with string or a grapefruit.[13][7] He played for several amateur teams in his youth, including Sete de Setembro, Canto do Rio, São Paulinho, and Ameriquinha.[14] Pelé led Bauru Atlético Clube juniors (coached by Waldemar de Brito) to two São Paulo state youth championships.[15] In his mid-teens, he played for an indoor football team called Radium. Indoor football had just become popular in Bauru when Pelé began playing it. He was part of the first futsal (indoor football) competition in the region. Pelé and his team won the first championship and several others.[16]
According to Pelé, futsal (indoor football) presented difficult challenges: he said it was a lot quicker than football on the grass, and that players were required to think faster because everyone is close to each other in the pitch. Pelé credits futsal for helping him think better on the spot. In addition, futsal allowed him to play with adults when he was about 14 years old. In one of the tournaments he participated in, he was initially considered too young to play, but eventually went on to end up top scorer with 14 or 15 goals. "That gave me a lot of confidence", Pelé said, "I knew then not to be afraid of whatever might come".[16]
Club career
Santos
Main article: Os Santásticos
1956–1962: Early years with Santos and declared a national treasure
Pelé in 1962, by then rated the best player in the world[17]
In 1956, de Brito took Pelé to Santos, an industrial and port city located near São Paulo, to try out for professional club Santos FC, telling the club's directors that the 15-year-old would be "the greatest football player in the world."[18] Pelé impressed Santos coach Lula during his trial at the Estádio Vila Belmiro, and he signed a professional contract with the club in June 1956.[19] Pelé was highly promoted in the local media as a future superstar. He made his senior team debut on 7 September 1956 at the age of 15 against Corinthians de Santo André and had an impressive performance in a 7–1 victory, scoring the first goal in his prolific career during the match.[20][21]
When the 1957 season started, Pelé was given a starting place in the first team and, at the age of 16, became the top scorer in the league. Ten months after signing professionally, the teenager was called up to the Brazil national team. After the 1958 and the 1962 World Cup, wealthy European clubs, such as Real Madrid, Juventus and Manchester United, tried to sign him in vain.[22] In 1958, Inter Milan even managed to get him a regular contract, but Angelo Moratti was forced to tear the contract up at the request of Santos's chairman following a revolt by Santos's Brazilian fans.[23] Valencia CF also arranged an agreement that would have brought Pelé to the club after the 1958 World Cup, however after his performances at the tournament Santos declined to let the player leave.[24][25] In 1961 the government of Brazil under President Jânio Quadros declared Pelé an "official national treasure" to prevent him from being transferred out of the country.[13][26]
Pelé won his first major title with Santos in 1958 as the team won the Campeonato Paulista; he would finish the tournament as the top scorer, with 58 goals,[27] a record that still stands today. A year later, he would help the team earn their first victory in the Torneio Rio-São Paulo with a 3–0 over Vasco da Gama.[28] However, Santos was unable to retain the Paulista title. In 1960, Pelé scored 33 goals to help his team regain the Campeonato Paulista trophy but lost out on the Rio-São Paulo tournament after finishing in 8th place.[29] In the 1960 season, Pelé scored 47 goals and helped Santos regain the Campeonato Paulista. The club went on to win the Taça Brasil that same year, beating Bahia in the finals; Pelé finished as the top scorer of the tournament with nine goals. The victory allowed Santos to participate in the Copa Libertadores, the most prestigious club tournament in the Western hemisphere.[30]
1962–1965: Copa Libertadores success
"I arrived hoping to stop a great man, but I went away convinced I had been undone by someone who was not born on the same planet as the rest of us."
—Benfica goalkeeper Costa Pereira following the loss to Santos in 1962.[31]
Santos's most successful Copa Libertadores season started in 1962;[32] the team was seeded in Group One alongside Cerro Porteño and Deportivo Municipal Bolivia, winning every match of their group but one (a 1–1 away tie versus Cerro). Santos defeated Universidad Católica in the semi-finals and met defending champions Peñarol in the finals. Pelé scored twice in the playoff match to secure the first title for a Brazilian club.[33] Pelé finished as the second top scorer of the competition with four goals. That same year, Santos would successfully defend the Campeonato Paulista (with 37 goals from Pelé) and the Taça Brasil (Pelé scoring four goals in the final series against Botafogo). Santos would also win the 1962 Intercontinental Cup against Benfica.[34] Wearing his number 10 shirt, Pelé produced one of the best performances of his career, scoring a hat-trick in Lisbon as Santos won 5–2.[35][36]
Pelé with Santos in the Netherlands, October 1962
Pelé states that his most memorable goal was scored at the Estádio Rua Javari on a Campeonato Paulista match against São Paulo rival Clube Atlético Juventus on 2 August 1959. As there is no video footage of this match, Pelé asked that a computer animation be made of this specific goal.[37] In March 1961, Pelé scored the gol de placa (goal worthy of a plaque), against Fluminense at the Maracanã.[38] Pelé received the ball on the edge of his own penalty area, and ran the length of the field, eluding opposition players with feints, before striking the ball beyond the goalkeeper.[38] A plaque was commissioned with a dedication to "the most beautiful goal in the history of the Maracanã".[39]
Pelé before facing Boca Juniors in the second leg of the 1963 Copa Libertadores Finals at La Bombonera.
As the defending champions, Santos qualified automatically to the semi-final stage of the 1963 Copa Libertadores. The balé branco (white ballet), the nickname given to Santos at the time, managed to retain the title after victories over Botafogo and Boca Juniors. Pelé helped Santos overcome a Botafogo team that featured Brazilian greats such as Garrincha and Jairzinho with a last-minute goal in the first leg of the semi-finals which made it 1–1. In the second leg, Pelé scored a hat-trick in the Estádio do Maracanã as Santos won, 0–4, in the second leg. Santos started the final series by winning, 3–2, in the first leg and defeating Boca Juniors 1–2, in La Bombonera. It was a rare feat in official competitions, with another goal from Pelé.[40] Santos became the first Brazilian team to lift the Copa Libertadores in Argentine soil. Pelé finished the tournament with five goals. Santos lost the Campeonato Paulista after finishing in third place but went on to win the Rio-São Paulo tournament after a 0–3 win over Flamengo in the final, with Pelé scoring one goal. Pelé would also help Santos retain the Intercontinental Cup and the Taça Brasil against AC Milan and Bahia respectively.[34]
In the 1964 Copa Libertadores, Santos was beaten in both legs of the semi-finals by Independiente. The club won the Campeonato Paulista, with Pelé netting 34 goals. Santos also shared the Rio-São Paulo title with Botafogo and won the Taça Brasil for the fourth consecutive year. In the 1965 Copa Libertadores, Santos reached the semi-finals and met Peñarol in a rematch of the 1962 final. After two matches, a playoff was needed to break the tie.[41] Unlike 1962, Peñarol came out on top and eliminated Santos 2–1.[41] Pelé would, however, finish as the top scorer of the tournament with eight goals.[42]
1966–1974: O Milésimo and final years with Santos
In 1966, Santos failed to retain the Taça Brasil as Pelé's goals were not enough to prevent a 9–4 defeat by Cruzeiro (led by Tostão) in the final series. The club did, however, win the Campeonato Paulista in 1967, 1968, and 1969. On 19 November 1969, Pelé scored his 1,000th goal in all competitions, in what was a highly anticipated moment in Brazil. The goal dubbed O Milésimo (The Thousandth), occurred in a match against Vasco da Gama, when Pelé scored from a penalty kick, at the Maracanã Stadium.[43]
In 1969, the two factions involved in the Nigerian Civil War agreed to a 48-hour ceasefire so they could watch Pelé play an exhibition game in Lagos. Santos ended up playing to a 2–2 draw with Lagos side Stationary Stores FC and Pelé scored his team's goals. The civil war went on for one more year after this game.[44] During his time at Santos, Pelé played alongside many gifted players, including Zito, Pepe, and Coutinho; the latter partnered him in numerous one-two plays, attacks, and goals.[45] After Pelé's 19th season with Santos, he left Brazilian football.[46] Pelé's 643 goals for Santos were the most goals scored for a single club until it was surpassed by Lionel Messi of Barcelona in December 2020.[47][48]
New York Cosmos
Pelé signing a football for US president Richard Nixon at the White House in 1973, two years before joining the New York Cosmos
After the 1974 season (his 19th with Santos), Pelé retired from Brazilian club football although he continued to occasionally play for Santos in official competitive matches. A year later, he came out of semi-retirement to sign with the New York Cosmos of the North American Soccer League (NASL) for the 1975 season.[46] At a chaotic press conference at New York's 21 Club, the Cosmos unveiled Pelé. John O'Reilly, the club's media spokesman, stated, "We had superstars in the United States but nothing at the level of Pelé. Everyone wanted to touch him, shake his hand, get a photo with him."[49] Though well past his prime at this point, Pelé was credited with significantly increasing public awareness and interest of the sport in the US.[50] During his first public appearance in Boston, he was injured by a crowd of fans who had surrounded him and was evacuated on a stretcher.[51]
Pelé entering the field to play his first game with the Cosmos, 15 June 1975
Pelé made his debut for the Cosmos on 15 June 1975 against the Dallas Tornado at Downing Stadium, scoring one goal in a 2–2 draw.[52] Pelé opened the door for many other stars to play in North America. Giorgio Chinaglia followed him to the Cosmos, then Franz Beckenbauer and his former Santos teammate Carlos Alberto. Over the next few years other players came to the league, including Johan Cruyff, Eusébio, Bobby Moore, George Best and Gordon Banks.[50]
In 1975, one week before the Lebanese Civil War, Pelé played a friendly game for the Lebanese club Nejmeh against a team of Lebanese Premier League stars,[53] scoring two goals which were not included in his official tally.[54] On the day of the game, 40,000 spectators were at the stadium from early morning to watch the match.[53]
Pelé led the Cosmos to the 1977 Soccer Bowl, in his third and final season with the club.[55] In June 1977, the Cosmos attracted an NASL record 62,394 fans to Giants Stadium for a 3–0 victory past the Tampa Bay Rowdies with a 37-year-old Pelé scoring a hat-trick. In the first leg of the quarter-finals, they attracted a US record crowd of 77,891 for what turned into an 8–3 rout of the Fort Lauderdale Strikers at Giants Stadium. In the second leg of the semi-finals against the Rochester Lancers, the Cosmos won 4–1.[50] Pelé finished his official playing career on 28 August 1977, by leading the New York Cosmos to their second Soccer Bowl title with a 2–1 win over the Seattle Sounders at the Civic Stadium in Portland, Oregon.[56]
On 1 October 1977, Pelé closed out his career in an exhibition match between the Cosmos and Santos. The match was played in front of a sold-out crowd at Giants Stadium and was televised in the US on ABC's Wide World of Sports as well as throughout the world. Pelé's father and wife both attended the match, as well as Muhammad Ali and Bobby Moore.[57] Delivering a message to the audience before the start of the game—"Love is more important than what we can take in life"—Pelé played the first half with the Cosmos, the second with Santos. The game ended with the Cosmos winning 2–1, with Pelé scoring with a 30-yard free-kick for the Cosmos in what was the final goal of his career. During the second half, it started to rain, prompting a Brazilian newspaper to come out with the headline the following day: "Even The Sky Was Crying."[58] | Pele's last football club was New York Cosmos of the North American Soccer League, for which he played during 3 seasons, ending his professional career in 1977. |
classification | Which of these animals are domesticated: Dog, Cat, Serval, Monkey, Ferret, Goldfish, Lion, Bear, Sable | Domesticated: Dog, Cat, Serval, Ferret, Goldfish, Sable |
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classification | Categorize the below types of animals based on whether they are domestic or non-domestic
dog, cat, badgers, cougars | domestic : dog, cat
non-domestic : badgers, cougars |
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open_qa | What was discovered in 1922 by Howard Carter | Tutankamen tomb |
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open_qa | Explain Ionizing radiation as a twelve years old kid. | Ionizing radiation is caused when a very heavy atom emits a particle at the speed of light called ionizing radiation.
On contact with a material, either the atom absorbs the ionizing particle or
The ionizing particle breaks the atom in two and forms two ionizing particles which can create a chain reaction.
There are three kinds of ionizing particles: alpha, beta and gamma
Alpha particles react a lot with matter but travel a very short distance.
Beta particles react less than alpha particles with matter but travel a very short distance.
Alpha particles react less than alpha particles with matter but travel a longer distance than alpha particles.
Gamma particles react less with matter than beta particles but travel a longer distance than beta particles. |
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brainstorming | Who are some students at Hogwarts in Ravenclaw house that were in the same year as Harry Potter? | Hogwarts is the fictitious school in the Harry Potter book series. The books mentions several students in Harry Potter's year from the Ravenclaw house, such as Su Li, Lisa Turpin, Padma Patil, Terry Boot, and Anthony Goldstein. |
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classification | Which of these were summer olympic sports in 2020: tennis, cheerleading, chess, boxing, basketball, ski jumping | Tennis, boxing, basketball |
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brainstorming | What should I do in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam for a day? | If you are visiting Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam for a day, there are several must-visit attractions located in the heart of the city center.
One of the most famous tourist attractions is the Saigon Notre Dame Cathedral, which was constructed by French colonists in the 19th century and features a unique combination of Roman and Gothic styles that sets it apart from many other buildings in the city.
Another famous French-inspired architecture is Ho Chi Minh City Post Office. Every detail inside this tourist destination in Saigon surprises visitors with its delicate beauty. The unique design style from the roofs, arched doorways, tile floors… This is really a tourist destination in Saigon that you should not miss on your trip.
The Independence Palace, also known as the Reunification Convention Hall, is just a few minutes walk from the Notre Dame Cathedral. This iconic building is a symbol of the culture and history of the nation. Originally used as the home and workplace of the president of the Republic of Vietnam, it became a national monument when a North Vietnamese Army tank crashed through its gate during the Fall of Saigon on April 30, 1975, bringing an end to the 20-year war with the USA.
One of the most popular tourist attractions in Saigon is the Ben Thanh Market, which offers visitors hundreds of traditional and modern items to choose from. The market is not only a great place to find unique souvenirs, but it's also a food lover's paradise, where you can sample delicious traditional dishes at affordable prices.
For those who appreciate professional art performances, a visit to the Ho Chi Minh City Opera House is a must. This beautiful building, designed by multiple architects, boasts an impressive exterior that showcases its grandeur and majesty. Once inside, visitors are treated to a modern, sophisticated ambiance, complete with state-of-the-art lighting and sound technology. The Ho Chi Minh City Opera House is a must-see destination for anyone interested in the arts and modern architecture.
Another popular tourist destination in Saigon is the Vietnam History Museum, located on the former site of the Blanchard de la Brosse Museum. Built in 1929, the museum is home to tens of thousands of artifacts, 25,000 books, and many precious documents. Visitors can comfortably admire the historical value of these artifacts and gain knowledge about archeology, history, and ethnology. The Vietnam History Museum is an excellent place to explore and learn more about Vietnamese history and culture. With its impressive collection of artifacts and documents, visitors can gain a deeper understanding of the country's past and present. Whether you're a history buff or just looking for a unique cultural experience, a visit to the Vietnam History Museum is well worth your time.
If you're looking to immerse yourself in the vibrant and modern atmosphere of Ho Chi Minh City 1, a visit to Bui Vien Walking Street is a must. The street is famous for its bustling shopping and entertainment activities and is known for never sleeping. And there are many street artists, performing arts, and the vibrant sounds of the bars and pubs, all of which create a lively and modern city vibe. Tourists and locals alike flock to Bui Vien Street, not just for the energetic atmosphere, but also for the diverse and delicious selection of food on offer. Whether you're looking for a fun night out or a quick bite to eat, Bui Vien Street has something for everyone.
These attractions are conveniently located in the city center and offer a glimpse into Ho Chi Minh City's rich history and cultural heritage. |
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creative_writing | Write about a sport which is always interesting and can be enjoyed alone or with people. | Looking for the perfect sport can be difficult. Running or swimming can be an easy stress relieving work out but it can get tedious eventually. Team sports like basketball or soccer can be great to tire oneself out without the boredom but it requires a lot of coordination between groups of people to be able to play. Skiing however, is never boring and can be enjoyed both with friends or alone. Once you're getting off the lift, there is no going back, you have to go down the mountain. With the exhilaration of trying to hit 50 miles per hour on your skis or taking a break on a quiet part of the mountain in the middle of the trees, skiing allows one to experience nature, adventure, and excitement all in one sport. |
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information_extraction | From the passage provided, extract which companies are local to Seattle which led to its development. Separate them with a comma. | Logging was Seattle's first major industry, but by the late 19th century, the city had become a commercial and shipbuilding center as a gateway to Alaska during the Klondike Gold Rush. Growth after World War II was partially due to the local Boeing company, which established Seattle as a center for aircraft manufacturing. The Seattle area developed into a technology center from the 1980s onwards with companies like Microsoft becoming established in the region; Microsoft founder Bill Gates is a Seattleite by birth. Internet retailer Amazon was founded in Seattle in 1994, and major airline Alaska Airlines is based in SeaTac, Washington, serving Seattle's international airport, Seattle–Tacoma International Airport. The stream of new software, biotechnology, and Internet companies led to an economic revival, which increased the city's population by almost 50,000 between 1990 and 2000 | Boeing, Microsoft, Amazon, Alaska Airlines |
open_qa | where do you stay ? | As I am an artificial intelligence language model, I suppose i stay in the software part of the internet and i do exist as a program. However, i would like to stay in your heart and answer all your heart desired queries :) |
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summarization | Write a 3 bullet summary about McDonalds from this passage? | McDonald's Corporation is an American multinational fast food chain, founded in 1940 as a restaurant operated by Richard and Maurice McDonald, in San Bernardino, California, United States. They rechristened their business as a hamburger stand, and later turned the company into a franchise, with the Golden Arches logo being introduced in 1953 at a location in Phoenix, Arizona. In 1955, Ray Kroc, a businessman, joined the company as a franchise agent and proceeded to purchase the chain from the McDonald brothers. McDonald's had its previous headquarters in Oak Brook, Illinois, but moved its global headquarters to Chicago in June 2018.[8][9][10][11]
McDonald's is the world's largest fast food restaurant chain,[12] serving over 69 million customers daily in over 100 countries[13] in more than 40,000 outlets as of 2021.[14][15] McDonald's is best known for its hamburgers, cheeseburgers and french fries, although their menu also includes other items like chicken, fish, fruit, and salads. Their best-selling licensed item are their french fries, followed by the Big Mac.[16] The McDonald's Corporation revenues come from the rent, royalties, and fees paid by the franchisees, as well as sales in company-operated restaurants. McDonald's is the world's second-largest private employer with 1.7 million employees (behind Walmart with 2.3 million employees).[17][18] As of 2022, McDonald's has the sixth-highest global brand valuation.[19] | McDonald's is an American multinational fast food chain founded in 1940 in San Bernardino California, United States.
It is currently the largest fast food restaurant chain in the world best known for its hamburgers, cheese burgers and french fries.
McDonald's is the world's second largest private employer with 1.7 million employees and has the sixth largest global brand valuation. |
information_extraction | What were the names of the people who wrote Massive Attack's Unfinished Sympathy? Extract the name and surname into a comma-separated list. | "Unfinished Sympathy" is a song by the English trip hop group Massive Attack. It was released on 11 February 1991 under the temporary group name Massive.[1] The song was written by the three band members Robert "3D" Del Naja, Andrew "Mushroom" Vowles and Grant "Daddy G" Marshall, the song's vocalist Shara Nelson and the group's co-producer Jonathan "Jonny Dollar" Sharp. It was released on 11 February 1991 as the second single from the band's first album, Blue Lines (1991), on the band's Wild Bunch label distributed by Circa Records.[2] The name "Massive" was used to avoid a radio ban, as the track's release coincided with the Gulf War. Produced by Massive Attack and Dollar, the song incorporates various musical elements into its arrangement, including vocal and percussion samples, drum programming and string orchestration by the arranger Wil Malone.
"Unfinished Sympathy" topped the Dutch Top 40 and was a top-20 hit on the singles charts of several countries, including Germany, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. The accompanying music video, directed by Baillie Walsh, was a single continuous shot of Nelson walking through a Los Angeles neighbourhood, oblivious to her surroundings. Regarded[by whom?] as a pioneering song in the development of British dance music, "Unfinished Sympathy" was acclaimed by music critics for its production and Nelson's vocals. It ranked highly on several publications' year-end lists of the best singles of 1991, and has since appeared in many polls of the best songs of all time by both music critics and the public worldwide. The song was later used on the soundtrack of the 1993 film Sliver. | Robert Del Naja, Andrew Vowles, Grant Marshall, Shara Nelson, Jonathan Sharp |
brainstorming | Give me the list of fictional dogs in prose and poetry | Fictional dogs in prose and poetry:
- Buck, in Jack London's The Call of the Wild
- Bull's-eye, Bill Sikes' dog in Oliver Twist by Charles Dickens
- Ripper, Marjorie Dursley's pet dog in J.K Rowling's Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban
- Jip (short for Gypsy), Dora Spenlow's spaniel in Charles Dickens' David Copperfield
- Jip, resident in the household of Hugh Lofting's Dr. Dolittle
- Baleia, the dog-companion that follows a poor family throughout the hardships of the 1915-drought in Brazil in Vidas secas, by Graciliano Ramos
- Quincas Borba, the dog whose name is the same as his human's in Machado de Assis' Quincas Borba
- Tentação, the dog in the homonymous short-story by Clarice Lispector
- Pingo de Ouro, Miguilim's companion in the novella Campo Geral, by João Guimarães Rosa
- Biruta, the dog in the homonymous short-story by Lygia Fagundes Telles
- Bruno Lichtenstein, the dog in the homonymous short-story by Rubem Braga
- Toto, Dorothy's dog in The Wizard of Oz, by L. Frank Baum
- Sharik, the astray dog who undergoes a transformation surgery in Heart of a Dog, by Mikhail Bulgakov
- Mr. Bones, the companion dog in Timbuktu, by Paul Auster
- Randolph, a Labrador retriever and the narrator of A Dog About Town, by JF Englert |
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summarization | Who was Alexander Greek Thomson | Alexander "Greek" Thomson (9 April 1817 – 22 March 1875) was an eminent Scottish architect and architectural theorist who was a pioneer in sustainable building. Although his work was published in the architectural press of his day, it was little appreciated outside Glasgow during his lifetime. It has only been since the 1950s and 1960s that his critical reputation has revived—not least of all in connection with his probable influence on Frank Lloyd Wright.[3]
Henry-Russell Hitchcock wrote of Thomson in 1966: "Glasgow in the last 150 years has had two of the greatest architects of the Western world. C. R. Mackintosh was not highly productive but his influence in central Europe was comparable to such American architects as Louis Sullivan and Frank Lloyd Wright. An even greater and happily more productive architect, though one whose influence can only occasionally be traced in America in Milwaukee and in New York City and not at all as far as I know in Europe, was Alexander Thomson".[4] | Alexander Greek Thomson (9 April 1817 – 22 March 1875) was an eminent Scottish architect and architectural theorist who was a pioneer in sustainable building. Although his work was published in the architectural press of his day, it was little appreciated outside Glasgow during his lifetime. It has only been since the 1950s and 1960s that his critical reputation has revived—not least of all in connection with his probable influence on Frank Lloyd Wright.
Henry-Russell Hitchcock wrote of Thomson in 1966: "Glasgow in the last 150 years has had two of the greatest architects of the Western world. C. R. Mackintosh was not highly productive but his influence in central Europe was comparable to such American architects as Louis Sullivan and Frank Lloyd Wright. An even greater and happily more productive architect, though one whose influence can only occasionally be traced in America in Milwaukee and in New York City and not at all as far as I know in Europe, was Alexander Thomson". |
brainstorming | Vanessa and Lauren are both 32-year-old women with different levels of exercise experience. Vanessa, who weighs 124 lbs, has lifted weights before but Lauren, who weighs 166 lbs, has never participated in resistance training. Both women participate in initial fitness assessments and want your advice about starting a muscular fitness program at your exercise facility. Choose a different test to measure each woman's upper body muscular strength. Briefly explain the procedures for each assessment. What common errors should you watch for? | For Vanessa, we’ll choose for her to perform a one-rep max assessment, specifically with the bench press. This is because she has experience with lifting weights. To start, she should warm up by completing several submaximal repetitions. We’re going to select an initial weight of 50-70% of her capacity, and progressively increase resistance by 2.5 to 20 kg until the subject cannot complete the repetitions. The final weight lifted should be the absolute 1-RM. Some common error we want to watch for is to make sure that the repetitions are performed at the same speed of movement and range of motion to ensure consistency. Additionally, on the setup portion, we should check the surroundings for hazards, set the bar to the right height for Vanessa based on her arm length, remove safety bars from both sides of the rack, secure weights correctly with safety clips, and have a spotter present. We should also make sure there is a proper progression of weight lifted, she’s not bouncing the bar off her chest, that she’s maintaining a neutral spine, and that she is breathing during the lift. For Lauren, because she has never participated in resistance training, we will select the flexed arm support test, as she may not be able to perform the dynamic push-up assessment properly. To start, she should have her hands outside her shoulders, and keep her back and legs straight. She should lower her body until the upper arm is parallel to the floor or the elbow is flexed at 90 degrees. She should be supporting her body in a push-up position from the knees. Some common mistakes include not breathing during the assessment, having a too-wide or too-narrow width for her hands, not maintaining a straight back and legs, and not lowering her body enough for the assessment. |
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summarization | Based on the given text give the name of the people and a summary of how they contributed to the notion of infinite or multiple worlds. | According to some, the idea of infinite worlds was first suggested by the pre-Socratic Greek philosopher Anaximander in the sixth century BCE. However, there is debate as to whether he believed in multiple worlds, and if he did, whether those worlds were co-existent or successive. The first to whom we can definitively attribute the concept of innumerable worlds are the Ancient Greek Atomists, beginning with Leucippus and Democritus in the 5th century BCE, followed by Epicurus (341-270 BCE) and Lucretius (1st century BCE). In the third century BCE, the philosopher Chrysippus suggested that the world eternally expired and regenerated, effectively suggesting the existence of multiple universes across time. The concept of multiple universes became more defined in the Middle Ages. The American philosopher and psychologist William James used the term "multiverse" in 1895, but in a different context. The concept first appeared in the modern scientific context in the course of the debate between Boltzmann and Zermelo in 1895. In Dublin in 1952, Erwin Schrödinger gave a lecture in which he jocularly warned his audience that what he was about to say might "seem lunatic". He said that when his equations seemed to describe several different histories, these were "not alternatives, but all really happen simultaneously". This sort of duality is called "superposition". | Here are the name of the people and a summary of how they contributed to the notion of infinite or multiple worlds:
Anaximander (6th century BCE): The idea of infinite worlds was first suggested by him.
Leucippus (5th century BCE), Democritus (5th century BCE), Epicurus (341-270 BCE) and Lucretius (1st century BCE): They believed in the concept of innumerable worlds.
Chrysippus (3rd century BCE): He suggested the existence of multiple universes across time which means the world eternally expired and regenerated.
William James (1895): He first used the term "multiverse".
Boltzmann and Zermelo (1895): In a debate between them the multiverse concept first appeared in the modern scientific context.
Erwin Schrödinger (1952): He first came up with the term "superposition" by referring to his equations that seemed to describe several different histories which were "not alternatives, but all really happen simultaneously". |
summarization | Can you summarize the Korematsu case? | Korematsu v. United States, 323 U.S. 214 (1944), was a landmark decision by the Supreme Court of the United States to uphold the exclusion of Japanese Americans from the West Coast Military Area during World War II. The decision has been widely criticized, with some scholars describing it as "an odious and discredited artifact of popular bigotry", and as "a stain on American jurisprudence". The case is often cited as one of the worst Supreme Court decisions of all time. Chief Justice John Roberts repudiated the Korematsu decision in his majority opinion in the 2018 case of Trump v. Hawaii.
In the aftermath of Imperial Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor, President Franklin D. Roosevelt had issued Executive Order 9066 on February 19, 1942, authorizing the U.S. War Department to create military areas from which any or all Americans might be excluded. Subsequently, the Western Defense Command, a U.S. Army military command charged with coordinating the defense of the West Coast of the United States, ordered "all persons of Japanese ancestry, including aliens and non-aliens" to relocate to internment camps. However, a 23-year-old Japanese-American man, Fred Korematsu, refused to leave the exclusion zone and instead challenged the order on the grounds that it violated the Fifth Amendment.
In a majority opinion joined by five other justices, Associate Justice Hugo Black held that the need to protect against espionage by Japan outweighed the rights of Americans of Japanese ancestry. Black wrote that "Korematsu was not excluded from the Military Area because of hostility to him or his race", but rather "because the properly constituted military authorities ... decided that the military urgency of the situation demanded that all citizens of Japanese ancestry be segregated from the West Coast" during the war against Japan. Dissenting justices Frank Murphy, Robert H. Jackson, and Owen J. Roberts all criticized the exclusion as racially discriminatory; Murphy wrote that the exclusion of Japanese "falls into the ugly abyss of racism" and resembled "the abhorrent and despicable treatment of minority groups by the dictatorial tyrannies which this nation is now pledged to destroy." | Korematsu v United States was a Supreme Court decision that upheld the removal of citizens of Japanese descent from the West Coast of the US during WWII. The decision has been widely criticized and is often cited as one of the worst Supreme Court decisions in US history. The case was repudiated by the court in 2018.
The case was brought by Fred Korematsu, who refused to move and challenged the order on the grounds that it violated the Fifth Amendment.
The majority held that the need to protect the US against espionage by Japan outweighed the individual rights of Japanese-American citizens during wartime. Three dissenting justices argued that the removal was racially discriminatory. |
classification | Tell me whether a human has two or one of each of the following body parts: eye, mouth, nose, leg, ear, neck | Eye: Two
Mouth: One
Nose: One
Leg: Two
Ear: Two
Neck: One |
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information_extraction | Based on the passage list the four companies apart from Apple which are part of Big Five American information technology companies. Present the result in a comma separated manner. | Apple Inc. is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Cupertino, California. Apple is the largest technology company by revenue, totaling US$394.3 billion in 2022.[6] As of March 2023, Apple is the world's biggest company by market capitalization.[7] As of June 2022, Apple is the fourth-largest personal computer vendor by unit sales and second-largest mobile phone manufacturer. It is one of the Big Five American information technology companies, alongside Alphabet (known for Google), Amazon, Meta (known for Facebook), and Microsoft.
Apple was founded as Apple Computer Company on April 1, 1976, by Steve Wozniak, Steve Jobs and Ronald Wayne to develop and sell Wozniak's Apple I personal computer. It was incorporated by Jobs and Wozniak as Apple Computer, Inc. in 1977. The company's second computer, the Apple II, became a best seller and one of the first mass-produced microcomputers. Apple went public in 1980 to instant financial success. The company developed computers featuring innovative graphical user interfaces, including the 1984 original Macintosh, announced that year in a critically acclaimed advertisement. By 1985, the high cost of its products, and power struggles between executives, caused problems. Wozniak stepped back from Apple amicably and pursued other ventures, while Jobs resigned bitterly and founded NeXT, taking some Apple employees with him. | Alphabet, Amazon, Meta, Microsoft |
classification | Classify each of the following as either a deciduous or evergreen tree: Oak, Pine, Spruce, Maple, Fir, Elm | Deciduous trees include Oak, Maple, and Elm. Evergreen trees include Pine, Spruce, and Fir. |
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open_qa | The only known monotremes in the animal kingdom are the echidna and which other creature? | The platypus. |
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summarization | How are noble gases obtained? | The noble gases (historically also the inert gases; sometimes referred to as aerogens) make up a class of chemical elements with similar properties; under standard conditions, they are all odorless, colorless, monatomic gases with very low chemical reactivity. The six naturally occurring noble gases are helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), and the radioactive radon (Rn).
Oganesson (Og) is a synthetically produced highly radioactive element. Although IUPAC has used the term "noble gas" interchangeably with "group 18" and thus included oganesson, it may not be significantly chemically noble and is predicted to break the trend and be reactive due to relativistic effects. Because of the extremely short 0.7 ms half-life of its only known isotope, its chemistry has not yet been investigated.
For the first six periods of the periodic table, the noble gases are exactly the members of group 18. Noble gases are typically highly unreactive except when under particular extreme conditions. The inertness of noble gases makes them very suitable in applications where reactions are not wanted. For example, argon is used in incandescent lamps to prevent the hot tungsten filament from oxidizing; also, helium is used in breathing gas by deep-sea divers to prevent oxygen, nitrogen and carbon dioxide toxicity.
The properties of the noble gases can be well explained by modern theories of atomic structure: Their outer shell of valence electrons is considered to be "full", giving them little tendency to participate in chemical reactions, and it has been possible to prepare only a few hundred noble gas compounds. The melting and boiling points for a given noble gas are close together, differing by less than 10 °C (18 °F); that is, they are liquids over only a small temperature range.
Neon, argon, krypton, and xenon are obtained from air in an air separation unit using the methods of liquefaction of gases and fractional distillation. Helium is sourced from natural gas fields that have high concentrations of helium in the natural gas, using cryogenic gas separation techniques, and radon is usually isolated from the radioactive decay of dissolved radium, thorium, or uranium compounds. Noble gases have several important applications in industries such as lighting, welding, and space exploration. A helium-oxygen breathing gas is often used by deep-sea divers at depths of seawater over 55 m (180 ft). After the risks caused by the flammability of hydrogen became apparent in the Hindenburg disaster, it was replaced with helium in blimps and balloons. | Neon, argon, krypton, and xenon are obtained from air in an air separation unit using the methods of liquefaction of gases and fractional distillation. Helium is sourced from natural gas fields that have high concentrations of helium in the natural gas, using cryogenic gas separation techniques, and radon is usually isolated from the radioactive decay of dissolved radium, thorium, or uranium compounds. |
open_qa | What is the Monty Hall problem? | The Monty Hall problem is a probability brain teaser that many consider to be counterintuitive. The problem is stated as follows: Imagine you are a contestant on a game show and the host shows you 3 doors. Behind one of the doors is a car and behind the other two are goats. The prizes have been randomly assigned to the doors and you want to win the car. The host allows you to pick one of the doors as a first selection. Then, the host opens one of the remaining doors and reveals a goat is behind it. The host now allows you to decide if you want to switch from your selected door to the remaining unopened door. Should you switch, to maximize your probability of winning the car?
Most people believe switching does not improve your probability of winning the car. However switching does increase your probability of winning the car from 1/3 to 2/3. An intuitive way to understand this problem is by first considering the initial state. At your first selection the probability that you have selected the right door is 1/3 and the probability that the car remains behind one of the two unselected doors is 2/3. Then the host reveals more information. The host reveals that one of the unselected doors does not have the car behind it. The probability that the originally unselected doors must have the car behind one of them is still 2/3, but you now know one of them specifically which does not have the car. Therefore, the remaining unopened unselected door must have a probability of 2/3 to contain the car, and your originally selected door must have a probability of 1/3. When offered the chance, you should switch to maximize your chances of winning the car. |
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classification | Classify the movies into Thriller and Action genres.
Aks, Pyaar Tune Kya Kiya, Vadh, Farz, Angaar: The Fire | Thriller: Aks, Pyaar Tune Kya Kiya, Vadh
Action: Farz, Angaar: The Fire |
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creative_writing | Imagine you are the last person on Earth. Write a diary entry describing your thoughts and feelings. | I finally witness the day when humanity was brought to an end. It wasn't due to a technological explosion, depletion of resources, or uncontrolled wars. It was arrogance, the innate arrogance of humanity, that brought everything to an end. And now, this is the end of my life but will also mark the beginning of all cycles. |
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open_qa | What is the list of football clubs in England by competitive honours won? | This article lists English association football clubs whose men's sides have won competitive honours run by official governing bodies. Friendly competitions and matches organized between clubs are not included. The football associations FIFA and UEFA run international and European competitions; while The Football Association, and its mostly self-governing subsidiary bodies the English Football League and Premier League, run national competitions.
The European governing body UEFA was founded in 1954, and created their first and most prestigious competition, the European Cup, the next year. It was expanded and renamed in 1992 as the UEFA Champions League. Liverpool hold the English record, with six wins. Parallel to UEFA, various officials created the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup in 1955, but this competition was disbanded when UEFA created the replacement tournament, UEFA Cup, in 1971 (renamed the UEFA Europa League in 2009) The English record number of Europa League wins is three, also held by Liverpool. Another competition absorbed into the UEFA Cup, in 1999, was the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, which was created in 1960 and featured the winners of national knockout competitions The winners of this competition played the European Cup winners in the UEFA Super Cup, starting in 1972 (recognised by UEFA in 1973), which now features the winners of the Champions League and Europa League.Liverpool also hold the English record, with four wins, in the UEFA Super Cup. The International Football Cup, also known as the UEFA Intertoto Cup, was a competition for clubs not participating in the European Cup, UEFA Cup or Cup Winners' Cup. The tournament commenced in 1961, but UEFA officially recognised it only in 1995, and discontinued in 2008, with the Europa League expanded to accommodate Intertoto Cup clubs. UEFA and CONMEBOL also created an intercontinental competition in 1960, the Intercontinental Cup, featuring continental champions from both associations. In 2000, the international governing body FIFA created the FIFA Club World Cup and in 2004 the Intercontinental Cup was merged into it. Manchester United are the only English club to have won the Intercontinental Cup, while United, Chelsea and Liverpool are the only English teams to have lifted the Club World Cup.
England's first competition organised by a national body, the FA Cup, began in the 1871–72 season, making it one of the oldest football competitions in the world.Arsenal hold the record number of wins, with 14. League football began in the next decade with the founding of The Football League in 1888–89. The name First Division was adopted in 1892, when The Football League gained a second division. The First Division remained the highest division of the English league system until 1992, when the Premier League was founded. Manchester United have won the most top division titles, 20. The English equivalent of the super cup began in 1898 with the inauguration of the Sheriff of London Charity Shield, pitting the best professional and amateur sides of the year against each other. The trophy would develop into the FA Charity Shield in 1908, which was later renamed the FA Community Shield in 2002. Manchester United also hold the record here, with 21 wins. The Football League created its own knockout competition in 1960, the League Cup. Its current record is nine wins, held by Liverpool. The Anglo-Italian League Cup was created in 1969 to match English cup winners against the winners of the Coppa Italia, and was permanently disbanded in 1976. In 1985, the Full Members' Cup and Football League Super Cup were created as substitutes for UEFA competitions after UEFA responded to the Heysel Stadium disaster by banning English clubs. They finished in 1992 and 1986, respectively. The Football League Centenary Trophy marked The Football League's 100th birthday, in the 1988–89 season
Lower down in the hierarchy of English football are many other competitions, not included in the tables on this page. These include competitions run by the above national governing bodies, but organised for clubs ineligible for higher competitions. For example, the Texaco Cup and EFL Trophy. Regional competitions are organised by County Football Associations. In the years when league football was unavailable or only available to northern and midlands clubs, the county competitions coexisted with the FA Cup as the main tournaments for clubs. Nowadays, county cups are contested by lower or regional division teams and those that still participate generally field youth or reserve sides. |
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classification | Classify these tasks by how easy they would be for a 10 year old to do (either easy or hard): drive a car, tie their shoes, throw a baseball, go to college, ride a bike, spell the word "water" | drive a car: hard, tie their shoes: easy, throw a baseball: easy, go to college: hard, ride a bike: easy, spell the word "water": easy |
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general_qa | What is kindergarten? | Kindergarten is the first year of public school education, for children who are 5 or 6 years old. The curriculum helps children learn their colors, shapes, numbers, letters, and letter sounds with the goal of helping children to read independently by the end of the school year. |
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open_qa | What are some of the languages spoken in Spain? | Most languages spoken in Spain belong to the Romance language family, of which Spanish is the only language which has the "official" status for the whole country. There are other languages that have recognized status in specific territories such as: Basque in the Basque Country, Catalan spoken in Catalonia, Valencian in the Valencian community and Gallician the adjancent western parts of the principality of Asturias. |
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general_qa | What is a 4x4? | A 4x4 is a type of vehicle with four wheel drive. It is also know as a SUV, a sports utility vehicle. They are typically higher off the ground than standard cars, with more room inside the cabin. 4x4s typically are heavier with poorer handling, but have the capacity to drive off-road and cope with poor weather conditions much better. |
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open_qa | What is the capital of Norway and when was it founded? | Oslo is the capital of Norway. It was founded as a city at the end of the Viking Age in 1040 and was given the name Ánslo in 1048 by Harald Hardrada. Haakon V of Norway declared Oslo the capital around 1300. The city was destroyed by a fire in 1624 and then rebuilt. |
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summarization | Give me a list of the dog breeds | This list of dog breeds includes both extant and extinct dog breeds, varieties and types. A research article on dog genomics published in Science/AAAS defines modern dog breeds as "a recent invention defined by conformation to a physical ideal and purity of lineage".[1] | Affenpinscher[7]
Afghan Hound[8]
Africanis[9]
Aidi[10]
Airedale Terrier[11]
Akbash[12]
Akita[13]
Aksaray Malaklisi
Alano Español[14]
Alapaha Blue Blood Bulldog[15]
Alaskan Husky[16]
Alaskan Klee Kai[17]
Alaskan Malamute[18]
Alopekis
Alpine Dachsbracke[19]
American Bulldog[20]
American Bully
American Cocker Spaniel[21]
American English Coonhound[22]
American Eskimo Dog[23]
American Foxhound[24]
American Hairless Terrier[25]
American Leopard Hound
American Pit Bull Terrier[26]
American Staffordshire Terrier[26]
American Water Spaniel[27]
Anglo-Français de Petite Vénerie[28]
Appenzeller Sennenhund[29]
Ariège Pointer
Ariegeois[30]
Armant[31]
Armenian Gampr
Artois Hound[32]
Assyrian Mastiff
Australian Cattle Dog[33]
Australian Kelpie[33]
Australian Shepherd[34]
Australian Stumpy Tail Cattle Dog[35]
Australian Terrier[36]
Austrian Black and Tan Hound[37]
Austrian Pinscher[38]
Azawakh[39]
Bắc Hà dog
Bakharwal dog
Banjara Hound[40]
Bankhar Dog
Barak hound
Barbado da Terceira[41]
Barbet[42]
Basenji[43]
Basque Shepherd Dog[44]
Basset Artésien Normand[45]
Basset Bleu de Gascogne[46]
Basset Fauve de Bretagne[47]
Basset Hound[48]
Bavarian Mountain Hound[49]
Beagle[48]
Beagle-Harrier[50]
Bearded Collie[51]
Beauceron[52]
Bedlington Terrier[53]
Belgian Shepherd[54]
Bergamasco Shepherd[55]
Berger Picard[56]
Bernese Mountain Dog[29]
Bichon Frisé[57]
Billy[58]
Black and Tan Coonhound[59]
Black Norwegian Elkhound[60]
Black Russian Terrier[61]
Black Mouth Cur[62]
Bloodhound[63]
Blue Lacy[64]
Blue Picardy Spaniel[65]
Bluetick Coonhound[59]
Boerboel[66]
Bohemian Shepherd[67]
Bolognese[68]
Border Collie[69]
Border Terrier[70]
Borzoi[71]
Boston Terrier[72]
Bouvier des Ardennes[73]
Bouvier des Flandres[74]
Boxer[75]
Boykin Spaniel[76]
Bracco Italiano[77]
Braque d'Auvergne[78]
Braque du Bourbonnais[79]
Braque Français[80]
Braque Saint-Germain[79]
Briard[52]
Briquet Griffon Vendéen[81]
Brittany[65]
Broholmer[82]
Bruno Jura Hound[83]
Brussels Griffon[84]
Bucovina Shepherd Dog[85]
Bull Arab
Bull Terrier[86]
Bulldog[87]
Bullmastiff[87]
Bully Kutta
Burgos Pointer[88]
Ca Mè Mallorquí[89]
Ca de Bou
Cairn Terrier[90]
Calupoh
Campeiro Bulldog
Can de Chira
Can de Palleiro
Canaan Dog[91]
Canadian Eskimo Dog[18]
Cane Corso[10]
Cane di Oropa
Cane Paratore
Cantabrian Water Dog
Cão da Serra de Aires[92]
Cão de Castro Laboreiro[93]
Cão de Gado Transmontano[94]
Cão Fila de São Miguel[95]
Cardigan Welsh Corgi[96]
Carea Castellano Manchego[97]
Carea Leonés
Carolina Dog[98]
Carpathian Shepherd Dog[99]
Catahoula Leopard Dog[100]
Catalan Sheepdog[101]
Caucasian Shepherd Dog[102]
Cavalier King Charles Spaniel[103]
Central Asian Shepherd Dog[104]
Cesky Fousek[105]
Cesky Terrier[106]
Chesapeake Bay Retriever[107]
Chien Français Blanc et Noir[108]
Chien Français Blanc et Orange[109]
Chien Français Tricolore[108]
Chihuahua[110]
Chilean Terrier
Chinese Crested Dog[111]
Chinook[112]
Chippiparai[113]
Chongqing dog
Chortai[114]
Chow Chow[115]
Chukotka sled dog
Cimarrón Uruguayo
Cirneco dell'Etna[116]
Clumber Spaniel[117]
Colombian fino hound
Continental bulldog
Coton de Tuléar[118]
Cretan Hound[119]
Croatian Sheepdog[99]
Curly-Coated Retriever[107]
Cursinu[67]
Czechoslovakian Wolfdog[120]
D–K
Dachshund[121]
Dalmatian[122]
Dandie Dinmont Terrier[123]
Danish Spitz
Danish-Swedish Farmdog[124]
Denmark Feist[125]
Dingo [note 1]
Dobermann[49]
Dogo Argentino[127]
Dogo Guatemalteco
Dogo Sardesco
Dogue Brasileiro[127]
Dogue de Bordeaux[128]
Donggyeongi
Drentse Patrijshond[129]
Drever[130]
Dunker[131]
Dutch Shepherd[132]
Dutch Smoushond[133]
East Siberian Laika[134]
East European Shepherd[135]
Ecuadorian Hairless Dog[136]
English Cocker Spaniel[137]
English Foxhound[138]
English Mastiff[128]
English Setter[139]
English Shepherd[140]
English Springer Spaniel[141]
English Toy Terrier (Black & Tan)[142]
Entlebucher Mountain Dog[143]
Estonian Hound[144]
Estrela Mountain Dog[93]
Eurasier[115]
Field Spaniel[145]
Fila Brasileiro[127]
Finnish Hound[146]
Finnish Lapphund[147]
Finnish Spitz[148]
Flat-Coated Retriever[149]
French Bulldog[150]
French Spaniel[151]
Galgo Español[152]
Garafian Shepherd[153]
Gascon Saintongeois[28]
Georgian Shepherd
German Hound
German Longhaired Pointer[154]
German Pinscher[7]
German Roughhaired Pointer[155]
German Shepherd[156]
German Shorthaired Pointer[154]
German Spaniel[117]
German Spitz[157]
German Wirehaired Pointer[154]
Giant Schnauzer[158]
Glen of Imaal Terrier[159]
Golden Retriever[160]
Gończy Polski[161]
Gordon Setter[139]
Grand Anglo-Français Blanc et Noir[162]
Grand Anglo-Français Blanc et Orange[162]
Grand Anglo-Français Tricolore[162]
Grand Basset Griffon Vendéen[163]
Grand Bleu de Gascogne[164]
Grand Griffon Vendéen[81]
Great Dane[165]
Greater Swiss Mountain Dog[143]
Greek Harehound[166]
Greek Shepherd[167]
Greenland Dog[168]
Greyhound[71]
Griffon Bleu de Gascogne[46]
Griffon Fauve de Bretagne[47]
Griffon Nivernais[45]
Gull Dong
Gull Terrier
Hällefors Elkhound
Halden Hound
Hamiltonstövare[169]
Hanover Hound[170]
Harrier[171]
Havanese[68]
Himalayan Sheepdog[172]
Hierran Wolfdog
Hmong bobtail dog
Hokkaido[13]
Hovawart[173]
Huntaway[174]
Hygen Hound[146]
Ibizan Hound[116]
Icelandic Sheepdog[175]
Indian pariah dog
Indian Spitz
Irish Red and White Setter[176]
Irish Setter[176]
Irish Terrier[11]
Irish Water Spaniel[177]
Irish Wolfhound[178]
Istrian Coarse-haired Hound[179]
Istrian Shorthaired Hound[180]
Italian Greyhound[181]
Jack Russell Terrier[182]
Jagdterrier[106]
Jämthund[183]
Japanese Chin[184]
Japanese Spitz[185]
Japanese Terrier[186]
Jindo[187]
Jonangi
Kai Ken
Kaikadi[188]
Kangal Shepherd Dog[12]
Kanni[40]
Karakachan dog
Karelian Bear Dog[189]
Kars[190]
Karst Shepherd[191]
Keeshond[192]
Kerry Beagle[50]
Kerry Blue Terrier[193]
Khala [194]
King Charles Spaniel[184]
King Shepherd[73]
Kintamani
Kishu[195]
Kokoni
Kombai[196]
Komondor[197]
Kooikerhondje[198]
Koolie
Koyun dog
Kromfohrländer[186]
Kuchi[199]
Kunming dog
Kurdish Mastiff
Kuvasz[200]
L–R
Labrador Retriever[201]
Lagotto Romagnolo[202]
Lakeland Terrier[70]
Lancashire Heeler[34]
Landseer[203]
Lapponian Herder[148]
Large Münsterländer[204]
Leonberger[127]
Levriero Sardo
Lhasa Apso
Liangshan Dog[205]
Lithuanian Hound[144]
Lobito Herreño
Löwchen[118]
Lupo Italiano
Mackenzie River husky
Magyar agár[206]
Mahratta Greyhound[207]
Maltese[57]
Manchester Terrier[142]
Maneto[208]
Maremmano-Abruzzese Sheepdog[55]
McNab dog
Miniature American Shepherd
Miniature Bull Terrier[86]
Miniature Fox Terrier
Miniature Pinscher[38]
Miniature Schnauzer[209]
Molossus of Epirus
Mongrel
Montenegrin Mountain Hound[210]
Mountain Cur[166]
Mountain Feist[125]
Mucuchies[211]
Mudhol Hound[212]
Mudi[213]
Neapolitan Mastiff[214]
Nenets Herding Laika
New Guinea singing dog
New Zealand Heading Dog
Newfoundland[215]
Norfolk Terrier[90]
Norrbottenspets[216]
Northern Inuit Dog
Norwegian Buhund[175]
Norwegian Elkhound[217]
Norwegian Lundehund[218]
Norwich Terrier[219]
Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever[198]
Old Danish Pointer[220]
Old English Sheepdog[59]
Old English Terrier[221]
Olde English Bulldogge[20]
Otterhound[138]
Pachon Navarro
Pampas Deerhound
Papillon[222]
Parson Russell Terrier[223]
Pastore della Lessinia e del Lagorai
Patagonian Sheepdog
Patterdale Terrier[224]
Pekingese[225]
Pembroke Welsh Corgi[96]
Perro Majorero
Perro de Pastor Mallorquin
Perro de Presa Canario[226]
Perro de Presa Mallorquin[227]
Peruvian Inca Orchid[228]
Petit Basset Griffon Vendéen[163]
Petit Bleu de Gascogne[164]
Phalène[222]
Pharaoh Hound[229]
Phu Quoc Ridgeback
Picardy Spaniel[151]
Plummer Terrier[224]
Plott Hound[230]
Podenco Andaluz
Podenco Canario[91]
Podenco Valenciano
Pointer[149]
Poitevin[179]
Polish Greyhound[231]
Polish Hound[232]
Polish Lowland Sheepdog[233]
Polish Tatra Sheepdog[234]
Pomeranian[235]
Pont-Audemer Spaniel[236]
Poodle[237]
Porcelaine[58]
Portuguese Podengo[238]
Portuguese Pointer[239]
Portuguese Water Dog[240]
Posavac Hound[241]
Pražský Krysařík[242]
Pudelpointer[220]
Pug[150]
Puli[240]
Pumi[197]
Pungsan dog
Pyrenean Mastiff[243]
Pyrenean Mountain Dog[243]
Pyrenean Sheepdog[215]
Rafeiro do Alentejo[244]
Rajapalayam[245]
Rampur Greyhound[34]
Rat Terrier[246]
Ratonero Bodeguero Andaluz
Ratonero Mallorquin
Ratonero Murciano
Ratonero Valenciano
Redbone Coonhound[247]
Rhodesian Ridgeback[170]
Romanian Mioritic Shepherd Dog[99]
Romanian Raven Shepherd Dog[99]
Rottweiler[165]
Rough Collie[69]
Russian Spaniel
Russian Toy[213][248]
Russo-European Laika[134]
Ryukyu Inu
S–Z
Saarloos Wolfdog[120]
Sabueso Español[249]
Saint Bernard[203]
Saint Hubert Jura Hound[83]
Saint Miguel Cattle Dog
Saint-Usuge Spaniel
Saluki[152]
Samoyed[185]
Sapsali
Sarabi dog[250]
Sardinian Shepherd Dog
Šarplaninac[99]
Schapendoes[56]
Schillerstövare[130]
Schipperke[251]
Schweizer Laufhund[109]
Schweizerischer Niederlaufhund[252]
Scottish Deerhound[178]
Scottish Terrier[253]
Sealyham Terrier[123]
Segugio dell'Appennino
Segugio Italiano[249]
Segugio Maremmano
Serbian Hound[254]
Serbian Tricolour Hound[210]
Serrano Bulldog
Shar Pei
Shetland Sheepdog[255]
Shiba Inu[256]
Shih Tzu[205]
Shikoku[112]
Shiloh Shepherd[242]
Siberian Husky[168]
Silken Windhound
Silky Terrier[36]
Sinhala Hound
Skye Terrier[253]
Sloughi[39]
Slovakian Wirehaired Pointer[155]
Slovenský Cuvac[200]
Slovenský Kopov[232]
Smalandstövare[161]
Small Greek domestic dog
Small Münsterländer[204]
Smithfield
Smooth Collie[255]
Smooth Fox Terrier[257]
Soft-Coated Wheaten Terrier[159]
South Russian Ovcharka[258]
Spanish Mastiff[214]
Spanish Water Dog[177]
Spino degli Iblei
Spinone Italiano[77]
Sporting Lucas Terrier[124]
Stabyhoun[129]
Staffordshire Bull Terrier[259]
Standard Schnauzer[158]
Stephens Stock[260]
Styrian Coarse-haired Hound[19]
Sussex Spaniel[145]
Swedish Lapphund[183]
Swedish Vallhund[74]
Swinford Bandog
Taigan[207]
Taiwan Dog
Tamaskan Dog
Tang Dog
Tazy
Teddy Roosevelt Terrier
Telomian
Tenterfield Terrier
Terrier Brasileiro[246]
Thai Bangkaew Dog
Thai Ridgeback[261]
Tibetan Kyi Apso
Tibetan Mastiff[262]
Tibetan Spaniel[263]
Tibetan Terrier[263]
Tonya Finosu
Torkuz[172]
Tornjak[172]
Tosa Inu[264]
Toy Fox Terrier[72]
Toy Manchester Terrier[142]
Transylvanian Hound[265]
Treeing Cur
Treeing Feist[266]
Treeing Tennessee Brindle
Treeing Walker Coonhound[230]
Trigg Hound[267]
Tyrolean Hound[268]
Vikhan[269]
Villano de Las Encartaciones
Villanuco de Las Encartaciones
Vizsla[270]
Volpino Italiano[235]
Weimaraner[271]
Welsh Hound
Welsh Sheepdog
Welsh Springer Spaniel[141]
Welsh Terrier[193]
West Country Harrier[272]
West Highland White Terrier[219]
West Siberian Laika[189]
Westphalian Dachsbracke[130]
Wetterhoun[236]
Whippet[206]
White Shepherd
White Swiss Shepherd Dog[67]
Wire Fox Terrier[257]
Wirehaired Pointing Griffon[273]
Wirehaired Vizsla
Xiasi Dog
Xoloitzcuintle[274]
Yakutian Laika
Yorkshire Terrier[275]
Zerdava |
classification | Tell me whether these operation systems are open-source of proprietary; Ubuntu, iOS , Debian, Fedora, CentOS, macOS, Open Suse, Windows | Definitely I can do that. Ubuntu, Fedora, Debian, CentOS and Open Suse are open-source operating systems. On the other hand, Windows, macOS and iOS are proprietary. |
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general_qa | How are clouds formed? | It all begins with aerosols. Aerosols are tiny airborne particles typically from natural sources such as dust from soil or volcanic ash, sea salt, etc or artificial sources such as carbon from fossil fuels. These aerosols are light enough to be airborne for long periods of time or only a few hours. These serve as condensation nuclei for evaporated water that rises and cools. These aerosols act as a magnet for the vapor and allow it to condense around it and thus form water droplets. A large amount of these water droplets is what makes up a cloud. |
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classification | Which of the following are types of tea and which are types of coffee: chamomile, herbal, French roast, double latte, Earl grey, English breakfast, and a cappuccino. | The teas are chamomile, herbal, Earl grey, and English breakfast, and the coffees are French roast, double latte, and cappuccino. |
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classification | Classify the animals based on their food habits into Herbivores or Carnivores.
Jackal, Hyena, Zebra, Giraffe | Herbivores - Zebra, Giraffe
Carnivores. - Jackal, Hyena |
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classification | Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Allosaurus, Amur Leopard | Allosaurus is extinct, Amur Leopard is alive. |
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classification | Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Kebero, Vlier | Vlier is string, Kebero is percussion. |
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open_qa | How to get an efficient cardio workout and improve your speed, and gain other health benefits? | In this day and age when many are busy with work, family, electronic gadgets, social media it becomes increasingly challenging to find the time to exercise. Staying healthy will allow you to enjoy those distractions longer, but jokes aside it will make you feel energized, motivated and bring out the best in you. When new discoveries in scenic areas are correctly applied, you don’t need to spend multiple hours at the gym, you don’t have to starve to achieve your goals, this concept was very enticing to me when I first learnt about the Sprint 8 program at my local gym. I decided to give this a try!
Sprint 8 - Its a 20 minute routine, where you spend the first 30 seconds working out at the highest level of intensity (go all out) followed by 90 seconds of active recovery, repeat this 8 times.. You can use a bike, treadmill, elliptical whichever suits your style. In all my life of being fairly active, Sprint 8 has the toughest workout, but over a year I could see significant results. I was able to run faster, lower blood pressure, reduce fat percentage, and improve muscle mass. The key differentiator about this program is that it engages all the three muscle fiber types and releases exercise induced growth hormones to help your body become stronger, leaner and healthier.
Another advantage is that this program really reduces any change of injury that one may face by running, heavy weight lifting etc therefore allowing you to sustain the exercise program for years to come.
Give this a try and gain the benefits of efficient exercising. |
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information_extraction | When did Rolex introduce the Batman GMT | In 2013, Rolex created the first two-tone ceramic bezel, in blue and black, for the steel GMT-Master II nicknamed “Batman”. The blue and black bezel is made of Cerachrom, Rolex's patented version of ceramic; it is produced through a patented process of creating two colors out of a mono-block Cerachrom bezel.[9] | The Batman was introduced in 2013 with a black and blue bezel |
classification | Segregate the below words as palindrome or not.
kayak, deified, rotator, repaper, deed, peep, wow, noon, taste, bait, not, built | Palindrome - kayak, deified, rotator, repaper, deed, peep, wow, noon
Not a palindrome - taste, bait, not, built |