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Big Dipper [SEP] The Western asterism is now known as the "Northern Dipper" () or the "Seven Stars of the Northern Dipper" (). The personification of the Big Dipper itself is also known as "Doumu" () in Chinese folk religion and Taoism, and Marici in Buddhism. In Shinto, the seven largest stars of Ursa Major belong to Amenominakanushi, the oldest and most powerful of all kami. In North Korea, the constellation is featured on the flag of the country's special forces.

Big Dipper [SEP] In South Korea, the constellation is referred to as "the seven stars of the north". In the related myth, a widow with seven sons found comfort with a widower, but to get to his house required crossing a stream. The seven sons, sympathetic to their mother, placed stepping stones in the river. Their mother, not knowing who put the stones in place, blessed them and, when they died, they became the constellation.

Big Dipper [SEP] In Malay, it is known as the "Boat Constellation" (""); in Indonesian, as the "Canoe Stars" ("Bintang Biduk"). In Burmese, these stars are known as "Pucwan Tārā" (ပုဇွန် တာရာ, pronounced "bazun taya"). " Pucwan" (ပုဇွန်) is a general term for a crustacean, such as prawn, shrimp, crab, lobster, etc. In Javanese, as known as "Bintang Kartika".

Big Dipper [SEP] This name comes from Sanskrit which refers "krttikã" the same star cluster. In ancient Javanese this brightest seven stars are known as "Lintang Wuluh", literally means "seven stars". This star cluster is so popular because its emergence into the sky signals the time marker for planting. In Hindu astronomy, it is referred to as the "Collection of Seven Great Sages" ("Saptarshi Mandala"), as each star is named after a mythical Hindu sage.

Big Dipper [SEP] An Arabian story has the four stars of the Plough's bowl as a coffin, with the three stars in the handle as mourners, following it. In Mongolian, it is known as the "Seven Gods" (). In Kazakh, they are known as the "Jetiqaraqshi" (Жетіқарақшы) and, in Kyrgyz, as the "Jetigen" (Жетиген).

Big Dipper [SEP] While its Western origins come from its resemblance to the kitchen utensil, In Filipino, the Big Dipper and its sister constellation Little Dipper are more often associated with the "tabo", a hygiene tool akin to a bucket with a handle used ubiquitously in Filipino households and bathrooms. Within Ursa Major the stars of the Big Dipper have Bayer designations in consecutive Greek alphabetical order from the bowl to the handle.

Big Dipper [SEP] In the same line of sight as Mizar, but about one light-year beyond it, is the star Alcor (80 UMa). Together they are known as the "Horse and Rider". At fourth magnitude, Alcor would normally be relatively easy to see with the unaided eye, but its proximity to Mizar renders it more difficult to resolve, and it has served as a traditional test of sight.

Big Dipper [SEP] Mizar itself has four components and thus enjoys the distinction of being part of an optical binary as well as being the first-discovered telescopic binary (1617) and the first-discovered spectroscopic binary (1889). Five of the stars of the Big Dipper are at the core of the Ursa Major Moving Group. The two at the ends, Dubhe and Alkaid, are not part of the swarm, and are moving in the opposite direction.

Big Dipper [SEP] Relative to the central five, they are moving down and to the right in the map. This will slowly change the Dipper's shape, with the bowl opening up and the handle becoming more bent. In 50,000 years the Dipper will no longer exist as we know it [citation required], but be re-formed into a new Dipper facing the opposite way. The stars Alkaid to Phecda will then constitute the bowl, while Phecda, Merak, and Dubhe will be the handle.

Big Dipper [SEP] Not only are the stars in the Big Dipper easily found themselves, they may also be used as guides to yet other stars. Thus it is often the starting point for introducing Northern Hemisphere beginners to the night sky: Additionally, the Dipper may be used as a guide to telescopic objects: The "Seven Stars" referenced in the Bible's Book of Amos may refer to these stars or, more likely, to the Pleiades.

Big Dipper [SEP] In addition, the constellation has also been used in corporate logos and the Alaska flag. The seven stars on a red background of the Flag of the Community of Madrid, Spain, are the stars of the Big Dipper Asterism. It can be said the same thing about the seven stars pictured in the bordure azure of the Coat of arms of Madrid, capital of Spain.

Big Dipper [SEP] The asterism's prominence on the north of the night sky produced the adjective "" (literally, pertaining to seven plow oxen) in Romance languages and English.

Viechtach [SEP] Viechtach is a town in the district of Regen in Bavaria in Germany. It is situated on the river Schwarzer Regen, 31 km northeast of Straubing, and it is known for the quartz mountains nearby.

W Architecture & Landscape Architecture [SEP] W Architecture & Landscape Architecture (W Architecture) is an international architecture and landscape architecture firm based in Brooklyn, New York City. Founded in 1999 by Barbara E. Wilks, the firm is primarily known for its design of major waterfront reclamation projects and collaborative repurposing of public spaces. W Architecture has received substantial coverage in the media for the Edge Park in Williamsburg, Brooklyn; a redesign of the West Harlem waterfront; restoration of St. Patrick's Island in Calgary; and the recent Plaza 33 Madison Square Garden adjacency.

W Architecture & Landscape Architecture [SEP] W Architecture & Landscape Architecture was formed as a Limited Liability Corporation in 1999 by Barbara E. Wilks, who remains founder and principal of the firm. Wilks, a fellow in both the American Institute of Architects (FAIA) and the American Society of Landscape Architects (FASLA), claims to have started the company "to create a design-oriented, multidisciplinary practice focused on urban issues," and to "realign nature and the city.

W Architecture & Landscape Architecture [SEP] In recent years, W Architecture's projects have increasingly moved toward larger collaborations spanning multiple municipal agencies such as NYCEDC and other neighborhood revitalization organizations or economic development councils. In the 2015 "Now Urbanism: The Future City is Here" W Architecture is described as being part of a "new kind of urban activism and urban design," willing to "stimulate social action for sustainable urban design and therefore cooler cities."

W Architecture & Landscape Architecture [SEP] The firm's site plans display a preference for the reintroduction of natural ecological systems rather than ad hoc botanical features. The designs tend to emphasize the resiliency of local flora previously displaced by manmade, commercial manipulation of municipal waterways. Consistent characteristics throughout the firm's portfolio are the utilization of reclaimed local materials, streets and walks that turn into greenways, sloped planes, as well as long angular overlays and subtle dimensional transitioning to introduce water, botanical, and recreational features.

W Architecture & Landscape Architecture [SEP] Not all the firm's projects are waterfront revitalizations, however, Wilks said, speaking at the 2013 reSITE conference in Prague, she enjoys this kind of work because it's "where natural systems come together with manmade, human systems." Wilks has also integrated a research component into the firm's projects regarding the advantages of bringing back wetland areas to the New York City coastline.

W Architecture & Landscape Architecture [SEP] She has advocated for the reintroduction of these areas as a means to buffer storm surge, especially after damages caused by Hurricane Sandy, and to increase access to waterfront areas for people and animals. New zoning laws passed in accordance with Bloomberg's claiming of the river as "the sixth borough" opened the way for multiple waterfront parks in New York City such as The Edge Park in Williamsburg, Brooklyn.

W Architecture & Landscape Architecture [SEP] Anticipating an increase in density and need for waterfront access, the park was deemed a mixed-use site along the East River and completed in March 2011.

W Architecture & Landscape Architecture [SEP] According to Wilks, the park allows "the city grid and the river's ecosystem to converge, mingle, and clash..." To this end, W Architecture utilized several of its signature elements including: a street that becomes a pedestrian greenway; deep pier structures that make the area seem more like land than traditional piers; a garage area covered by a sloping lawn; and stone that allows for rising and falling waterlines.

W Architecture & Landscape Architecture [SEP] A restoration of the previously existing island park in the Bow River between the East Village and Bridgeland, in Calgary, Alberta, St. Patrick's Island was a collaborative project by W Architecture and Denver-based Civitas. Though already established as a park in the late 19th century, the island had been degrading and was seen by the city as an underused area that had fallen into disrepair. In 2010 Calgary Municipal Land Corporation began an effort to re-establish the park to its current usable area of 31 hectares.

W Architecture & Landscape Architecture [SEP] Completed in July 2015, the park now features a number of elements that have both made it more usable to the public and have restored its channels and biodiversity. Features include: a "seasonal breach" for wading onto a gravel bar; a sloped grassy knoll which serves as s viewing area for movies, performances, and sledding in the winter; a riparian wetland with a boardwalk across it; amphitheater and water features; and a 23-meter sculpture entitled "Bloom."

W Architecture & Landscape Architecture [SEP] As a major early component of a larger waterfront master plan undertaken for West Harlem, West Harlem Piers Park was completed in the Fall of 2008. The result of efforts by 40 neighborhood groups and coalitions, the park linked the coastline between Riverside Park and Riverbank State Park. As master planners for the project, W Architecture converted a narrow strip of land, essentially a 69,000 sq. ft. parking lot that cut off the community of West Harlem from the waterfront, into a 105,526 sq. ft. park.

W Architecture & Landscape Architecture [SEP] It features granite benches, sloped lawn areas, repurposed cobblestone in paved areas, and various water access features for kayaking, fishing, and general recreation. As a result of the design a substantial increase in land permeability was achieved and accommodations for fluctuating runoff and storm surges have allowed the park to sustain dramatic weather events since its completion.

Memorial Continental Hall [SEP] The Memorial Continental Hall in Washington, D.C. is the national headquarters of the Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR). It is located at 1776 D Street NW, sharing a city block with the DAR's Administration Building was built in 1920, and Constitution Hall. Completed in 1910, it is the oldest of the three buildings. It was the site of the 1922 Washington Naval Conference, a major diplomatic event in the aftermath of World War I. The building was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1972.

Memorial Continental Hall [SEP] Memorial Continental Hall occupies the eastern third of the city block bounded by C and D, 17th and 18th Streets NW, on the west side of the Ellipse near the White House. It is a two-story masonry structure, built out of brick and concrete whose exterior is clad in Vermont marble with Georgian revival features. Its three street-facing elevations all have monumental two-story porticos with Doric columns.

Memorial Continental Hall [SEP] The principal entrance, facing east toward 17th Street and the Ellipse, is extended to function as a porte cochere, with a drive passing under it. The south portico is semi-circular, with thirteen columns. Memorial Continental Hall was commissioned by the DAR in 1902 to be used as a headquarters, assembly hall, and meeting place for DAR conferences. Architect Edward Pearce Casey designed the building, and construction occurred between 1904 and 1910. It was the first of three DAR buildings erected on the same site.

Memorial Continental Hall [SEP] The nearby Administration Building was built in 1920, and Constitution Hall was built at the opposite end of the site in 1929. The Administration Building was expanded in 1950 to unite all three buildings. Memorial Continental Hall was the site of the Washington Naval Conference in 1921-22, a major diplomatic meeting in which the major powers of the world agreed to limit the sizes and capabilities of their naval forces. The hall was loaned to the American Red Cross in 1943 for emergency wartime work.

Memorial Continental Hall [SEP] In 1949, the stage in the auditorium was removed and the room was converted to a library.

Belle Vue Stadium [SEP] Belle Vue Stadium is a greyhound racing track in Belle Vue, Manchester, England, where the first race around an oval track in Britain was held on 24 July 1926. It has also been used for motorcycle speedway, as the home ground of Elite League team Belle Vue Aces from 1988 until 2015, and since 1999 stock car racing and banger racing. The track is operated by the Greyhound Racing Association, who lease it from owners the Crown Oil Pension Fund.

Belle Vue Stadium [SEP] The stadium has luxury glass-fronted grandstands, restaurants, hospitality boxes and bars. Greyhound racing takes place on Saturday evening plus the Bookmakers Afternoon Greyhound Service (BAGS) meetings usually staged on Sunday and Wednesdays. Speedway was first held at the stadium during 1928 but was not held again until 1 April 1988, when the Belle Vue Aces returned to the stadium. The team departed Kirkmanshulme Lane at the end of the 2015 season, prior to moving to the new National Speedway Stadium for the 2016 campaign.

Belle Vue Stadium [SEP] The shale speedway track was in length. In 1925, Charles A. Munn, an American businessman, made a deal with Smith and Sawyer for the rights to promote the greyhound racing in Britain. Although the earlier attempt to introduce mechanical racing at Hendon had almost been forgotten, the pastime of coursing was still strong in Britain. The first person Munn contacted was Major L. Lyne Dixson. The Major was a leading figure in British field sports and was quickly won over to the idea presented to him by the American entrepreneur.

Belle Vue Stadium [SEP] Finding other supporters proved to rather difficult however. With the General Strike of 1926 looming, the two men scoured the country in an attempt to find others who would join them. Eventually they met Brigadier-General Alfred Critchley, who in turn introduced them to Sir William Gentle JP. Between them they raised £22,000 and formed the Greyhound Racing Association Ltd. When deciding where to situate their new stadium, Manchester was considered to be the ideal place because of its sporting and gambling links.

Belle Vue Stadium [SEP] Close to the city centre, the consortium erected the first custom-built greyhound stadium and called it Belle Vue. The name of the stadium came from the nearby Belle Vue Zoological Gardens that had been built in 1836 and the land on which the stadium was to stand had been an area of farmland known as Higher Catsknowl and Lower Catsknowl. The very first race around an oval track in Britain was held on 24 July 1926.

Belle Vue Stadium [SEP] More than 1,700 people were attracted to the meeting where they watched a greyhound called Mistley win over 440 yards (402 m). Six races with seven dogs in each race were held in the first meeting. Fifty years later a stand was named after Mistley, the winner of the first race at 6-1 from trap one. Running the quarter-mile flat course in 25 seconds, Mistley romped home eight lengths clear at 6–1.

Belle Vue Stadium [SEP] The first Director of racing was Major-General T Anderson and the first Racing Manager was L.V.Browne. Trainers included Tom Fear, Bill Brinkley & Jack Harvey. After the end of that first meeting, the GRA were horrified to find they had made a loss of £50 but as it turned out they clearly had made a good decision because 16,000 turned up the following week.

Belle Vue Stadium [SEP] The first three-month racing season saw more than 11,000 racegoers, 37 meetings and 221 races The consortium repaid a £10,000 bank loan and shares in the new company rose from their initial value of one shilling to £37–10–00 (the equivalent of £37.50 for an outlay of 5p). Going to the dogs became a national pastime and the GRA became a substantial company. By June 1927, the stadium was attracting almost 70,000 visitors a week.

Belle Vue Stadium [SEP] Belle Vue increased the number of runners per race to seven, but after the formation of the National Greyhound Racing Club (NGRC) in 1928 the maximum number of dogs per race was limited to six. The phenomenal success resulted in an almost instant and dramatic mass build of greyhound stadiums. One early supplier of greyhounds to Belle Vue was Sidney Orton, a Norfolk farmer who sold 17 greyhounds to Belle Vue for £170 in 1927. Orton would eventually turn his attention to training them at Burhill kennels for Wimbledon Stadium.

Belle Vue Stadium [SEP] In 1927, Bonzo, handled by Belle Vue trainer Harry Buck, was the first winner of the Grand National, known as the Champion Hurdle at the time. In 1930, Belle Vue had an English Greyhound Derby finalist when Dresden trained by Eddie Wright finished fourth to none other than Mick the Miller. Belle Vue introduced the Northern Flat as their first major event in 1927.

Belle Vue Stadium [SEP] In 1930, as the sport continued as the nation’s leading pastime, the GRA acquired the nearby White City track in the Old Trafford area from Canine Sports Ltd. The first major Belle Vue hound was Wild Woolley; the brindle dog had won the Derby with Jack Rimmer in 1932 but switched kennels to join Jimmy Campbell. Belle Vue had 320 heated kennels housing both track's greyhounds and Wild Woolley won the Northern Flat in a world record time and the Laurels the following year before returning to Rimmer.

Belle Vue Stadium [SEP] In 1936, Banksell won the Edinburgh Cup for John Dickenson and Genial Radiance claimed the Oaks for A.G.Hiscock. The Northern 700 was set up as a new race in 1937 joining the Northern Flat as prominent events. It was in 1937 that GRA purchased the land on which the stadium sat bringing the whole operation into their hands. Crowds continued to flock to the race meetings even as war broke out and racing was restricted to daytimes or summer. Billy Butlin sat on the board of directors in 1947.

Belle Vue Stadium [SEP] In 1957, Cyril Beamount’s Ballypatrick took the Scottish Greyhound Derby title and during June 1964 Belle Vue won the Greyhound Derby for the first time, Hack Up Chieftain trained by Percy Stagg and owned by S.Donohue had won a minor open at Belle Vue when watched by Brigadier General Critchley a GRA Director. Critchley suggested that the greyhound be offered the 48th and last place in that year’s event.

Belle Vue Stadium [SEP] Mr W S Mulley became Racing Manager in the early fifties and would eventually be replaced by Arthur Aldridge in 1959 who in turn left to be replaced by Norman Russell in the early sixties. The track was chosen by the NGRC to host the BBC Television Trophy four times from 1961 to 1982. In 1961, the GRA introduced under track heating systems at Belle Vue, Harringay and White City following a successful trial in Scotland.

Belle Vue Stadium [SEP] Electric cables were basically sewn into the track by the tractor and a team of workers about eight inches under the turf. They would prove to be useful until the advent of all sand tracks. In 1971 Hall Green Racing Manager Sid Wood moved to Belle Vue and Bob Rowe (son of Leicester Racing Manager John Rowe) filled the position at Hall Green. This was the same year that the GRA experimented with eight dog racing.

Belle Vue Stadium [SEP] In fact the Northern Flat took place as an eight dog competition, the first major event to do so. The 1970s started well when Stan Mitchell was named Greyhound Trainer of the Year. Following the closure of West Ham in 1972, the classic race known as the Cesarewitch was transferred to sister track Belle Vue and GRA Director of Racing Major Percy Brown retired after 40 years in the sport.

Belle Vue Stadium [SEP] It was in the seventies that Belle Vue underwent a £500,000 facelift, the previously mentioned Mistley stand was built and the track was able to offer a state of the art restaurant and tote facilities. The popular side stand was also renamed the Chieftain stand after their Derby champion. During the Silver Jubilee year of 1977 Balliniska Band trained by Eddie Moore claimed a second Greyhound Derby crown for Belle Vue and owner Raphael Bacci.

Belle Vue Stadium [SEP] Norman Porter was the Racing Manager at Belle Vue in 1983 when the White City track in Manchester closed its doors. Consequently, the Cock O’the North race was switched to Belle Vue but the Manchester Cup, a former Belle Vue event was scrapped. Ian Travis became Racing Manager in 1987 and the Cesarewitch was moved to sister track Catford Stadium. In 1995 but the Laurels arrived from Wimbledon in 1997.

Belle Vue Stadium [SEP] In 2004, the Gold Collar was hosted by the track following the closure of Catford and a few years later the original classic race the Scurry Gold Cup was brought to the track in an attempt to save the classic race. The Gold Collar and Gorton Cup were discontinued.

Belle Vue Stadium [SEP] In 2014, the National Asset Management Agency (who is the parent company of the GRA) sold Belle Vue Stadium for £2.6 million to Crown Oil Pension Fund, but have a leaseback until 2028 at a rent of £249,000 per year. Mutual break options were included in the 15 year tenancy agreement. A similar lease back agreement was agreed in the sale of the Hall Green Stadium with a break clause after five years which was exercised and Hall Green closed in July 2017.

Belle Vue Stadium [SEP] In 2018, the Oaks was given to Towcester following the decision by GRA to reduce their major race schedule. During the same year the stadium signed a deal with ARC to race every Wednesday afternoon and Sunday morning.

Belle Vue Stadium [SEP] Formerly the Northern 700 1937-74 (700 yards), 1975-90 (647 metres) Post-metric Pre-metric 1926 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year Since 2007 weekly protests have been held against the greyhound racing by animal welfare organisations including a 2014 protest held on the 88th anniversary of the opening of Belle Vue. In 2008, the Sunday Times revealed that Belle Vue greyhounds had been sent for research at Liverpool Veterinary School by Charles Pickering.

Belle Vue Stadium [SEP] The Greyhound Board of Great Britain Disciplinary Committee found Pickering in breach of nine rules of racing and ordered that he be made a Warned Off person and fined the sum of £5,000. Incidents during 2010 and 2014 raised concerns over injury rates at Belle Vue. As of 2017 all injury data was made publicly available and independently verified. A 2012 article by the Sunday Express alleged that the kennels of two trainers were in kept in unacceptable conditions and highlighted welfare issues.

Belle Vue Stadium [SEP] In 2018 licensing and inspecting trainer's kennels was changed and to be conducted through the government-approved, UKAS accredited method.

Chalcoscirtus [SEP] Chalcoscirtus is a genus of jumping spiders that was first described by Philipp Bertkau in 1880. The name is derived from the Ancient Greek "chalc-", meaning "copper", and "scirt-", meaning "leap". it contains forty-five species and one subspecies, found in Asia, Europe, North America, and Egypt:

Il Grande Viaggio Di Gigi D'Agostino Vol. 1 [SEP] Il Grande Viaggio Di Gigi D'Agostino Vol. 1 (English: "The Great Journey Of Gigi D'Agostino") is the second compilation album by Italian DJ Gigi D'Agostino, released on 17 December 2001 through NoiseMaker / Media Records.

Moszczenica, Gorlice County [SEP] Moszczenica is a village in Gorlice County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Moszczenica. It lies approximately north-west of Gorlice and south-east of the regional capital Kraków. The village has a population of 4,706. br

ITN [SEP] Independent Television News (ITN) is a UK-based television production company. It is made up of two divisions: Broadcast News and ITN Productions. ITN is based in London, with bureaux and offices in Beijing, Brussels, Jerusalem, Johannesburg, New York, Paris, Sydney and Washington DC.

ITN [SEP] ITN produces the daily news programmes for ITV, Channel 4 and Channel 5 in the UK, and in recent years has diversified to produce a wide range of content including documentaries, sports, advertising and digital material for a range of international clients. Between 1955 and 1999, ITN was more commonly known as the general brand name of ITV's news programmes.

ITN [SEP] Since 8 March 1999, ITV has used "ITV News" as the brand name for its news programmes, though ITN continues as the network's news provider. ITN was founded in January 1955 by a consortium of the initial four Independent Television (later ITV) broadcasting companies, with former Labour MP Aidan Crawley as editor-in-chief. One of those companies, the London weekday contract-holder Associated-Rediffusion offered the new company studio space in its headquarters in Aldwych, London.

ITN [SEP] The first bulletin was broadcast at 10pm on 22 September 1955 on ITV's launch night. The bulletin was presented by former champion athlete Christopher Chataway. From the start, ITN broke new ground by introducing in-vision and named 'newscasters' (rather than the BBC's nameless and sound-only 'newsreaders'), and reporter packages. The unique, probing reporting style of Robin Day caused shock among politicians, finding themselves questioned continually for information – this had never been the case with the BBC.

ITN [SEP] There was also some early tensions with the ITV companies. ABC Television, the ITV contractor for the north and Midlands on weekends, immediately called for shorter ITN bulletins. While the ITA ruled on a minimum of a 20-minute bulletin, disagreements with the ITV companies over ITN's budget triggered the resignation of its news editor Aidan Crawley after just one year in 1956. He was replaced by Geoffrey Cox.

ITN [SEP] Throughout the early years, ITN continued to develop its service to the ITV network with an agenda to firstly, fulfil its public service broadcasting requirements and secondly satisfy the ITV companies by attracting viewers.

ITN [SEP] Under this method, ITN continued to differentiate itself from the BBC by conducting probing interviews, introducing more human interest stories and bringing ordinary people on to screen by using so-called 'vox pops' (interviews, usually held in the street, with members of the general public), all of which were seen as a radical departure at the time in British broadcasting.

ITN [SEP] As the ITN reporter and later ITN political editor Julian Haviland, put it: "My view was that at ITN we must be at least as responsible and accurate as the BBC, without being so damned boring". As ITV expanded, each ITV company that made up the network's federal structure had to purchase a stake in ITN and to continue to finance the company.

ITN [SEP] In 1967, ITN was given the go-ahead by the ITA to provide a full 30-minute daily news programme at 10pm on ITV. There was further tension with the ITV executives as they were sceptical of the idea that viewers would want a full 30 minutes of news every Monday to Friday and they were also losing valuable peak time slots which could be used for the sale of commercial advertising. "

ITN [SEP] News at Ten" began broadcasting on 3 July 1967 with a newscaster team consisting of Alastair Burnet, Andrew Gardner, George Ffitch and Reginald Bosanquet. It was initially given a 13-week trial run, however, the programme proved to be extremely popular with viewers and continued for a further 32 years. " News at Ten" was to become one of the most prestigious news programmes of its time in British history with a reputation for high-quality journalism and innovation.

ITN [SEP] ITN's "News at Ten" also prompted the BBC to gradually expand it's 20:50 news bulletin from ten minutes to fifteen, twenty and then twenty-five minutes. " The Nine O'Clock News" began broadcasting in 1970 as "News at Ten's" rival. ITN also established other programmes in the ITV schedule. " First Report", a lunchtime bulletin began in 1972 and by 1976, "News at 5.45" commenced.

ITN [SEP] This was a period when ITN enjoyed its greatest plaudits, following Lord Annan's 1977 report on the future of broadcasting, which declared: "We subscribe to the generally held view that ITN has the edge over BBC news." ITN obtained the contract to produce "Channel 4 News" when the channel started broadcasting in 1982. The programme was launched by Peter Sissons, Trevor McDonald and Sarah Hogg.

ITN [SEP] The hour-long programme has been broadcast at 7pm since it started and has a reputation for high-quality journalism and thorough analysis. Until the 1990s, the individual ITV companies had an obligation to provide a national news programme, which required them to take a share in the ITN operation.

ITN [SEP] Following the Broadcasting Act 1990, ITN had to apply and bid for a licence to provide such services on these ITV network, and would have to fight competition in order to preserve its services, as had become the case with other ITV franchisees. The Broadcasting Act also allowed the Independent Television Commission to introduce ownership rules for news providers. The move was to transform the company from a 'cost centre' to a 'profit-making business'.

ITN [SEP] The move saw 400 staff made redundant, and the closure of a number of international bureaux to claw back a £10 million deficit in order to provide a competitive product to obtain the ITV news contract. Within three years the company turned to profit in 1993 with suggestions at the time that the company should be listed on the stock exchange. The company launched 5 News in 1997 following the foundation of Channel 5. The 1990s saw major changes to the television landscape in Britain.

ITN [SEP] The growth of multichannel television saw ITV's share of audience fall. Against this backdrop ITV itself became increasingly commercially aggressive. This was to be a major turning point in ITN's history which saw a reduction in the ITV news contract. By this period the main ITV companies Granada and Carlton had also viewed unfavourably the scheduling of "News at Ten" which became a subject of dispute between ITN and the ITV companies.

ITN [SEP] ITN favoured keeping the bulletin, however, the ITV companies claimed audiences were lost at 10pm as the news interrupted films and drama programming. " News at Ten" eventually ended in March 1999 with ITN's flagship bulletin moved to 6.30pm with a shorter late night bulletin at 11pm. Consolidation of the ITV network under a unified ITV brand also saw the removal of the on-screen ITN brand which was replaced with "ITV News".

ITN [SEP] From this point, the ITN brand was gradually phased out and it is now only referenced to in the end production caption. In 1997, ITN started producing The Queen's speech to the Commonwealth at Christmas every other year, so for the first time since the inception of Independent Television in 1955, ITN produced a programme for its rival the BBC. The early years of the 21st century was to prove to be a challenging period.

ITN [SEP] The axing of "News at Ten" caused public outcry and ITN's viewership figures fell by 13.9% Political pressure and pressure from the media resulted in ITV bringing back a shorter 20 minute bulletin at 10pm three nights a week. The programme eventually lost share to the BBC News at Ten (which launched in 2000 to capitalise on ITV's move) and ITV eventually axed the programme again in 2004 and moved the bulletin to 10.30pm before bringing it back to 10pm again in 2008.

ITN [SEP] The biggest challenge came in 2001 when British Sky Broadcasting bid to supply network news to ITV as part of a consortium. ITN eventually succeeded and was awarded a contract extension to 2008. In January 2005 Sky News took over supplying bulletins to Channel 5; ITN had produced "5 News" since its launch in 1997 and the contract was returned in February 2012, following a change of ownership at Channel 5.

ITN [SEP] In August 2000, ITN launched its own 24-hour news channel in the UK, broadcast on satellite, cable and digital terrestrial. It was 50% owned by ITN and 50% owned by NTL. Carlton and Granada gradually bought out the two stakes and renamed the channel the ITV News Channel. It closed down on 23 December 2005. Poor ratings in comparison to BBC News 24 and Sky News, and ITV's desire to re-use the channel's allocation on Freeview, were cited as the reasons.

ITN [SEP] In March 2004 following its acquisition of the London News Network, a company previously owned by the now merged Carlton and Granada, ITN began producing local news bulletins for the ITV London region. ITN produced More4 News between 2005 and 2009. In 2007 it began producing Setanta Sports News; however it closed in 2009. Between 1996 and 2002, it also owned a share of London News Radio, which was based at ITN's Gray's Inn Road headquarters and operated the LBC and News Direct London radio stations.

ITN [SEP] ITN used to operate a radio news service on behalf of Independent Radio News (IRN) but on 15 October 2008, IRN announced that Sky News Radio was to replace ITN as its main supplier from March 2009. While news production remains the cornerstone of ITN's business model, the company has diversified from its original remit. ITN Source (originally ITN Archive) is one of the world's largest sources of historical film.

ITN [SEP] ITN Productions creates multi-platform content for major global brands, covering genres such as factual, entertainment, news and corporate production. Clients that commission award-winning programmes from ITN Productions include major UK and international broadcasters such as ITV, the BBC, Channel 4, Channel 5, History and Discovery, with television commissions including Climbing Great Buildings on BBC2 and Mud Men on History. John Hardie is the chief executive officer of ITN, a position he took up in June 2009.

ITN [SEP] Prior to this, he was executive VP and MD of Walt Disney Television EMEA.. In 2018 it was announced that John Hardie was to leave ITN, and be replaced in 2019 by Anna Mallett, who was previously Group Chief Operating Officer and MD, Production at BBC Studios. As of July 2019 there are currently three main operational television studios based at ITN headquarters in 200 Grays Inn Road, London.

ITN [SEP] Studios 1 and 2 are around 2,500 Sq Ft each in size with Studio 6 slightly smaller at around 2,000 Sq Ft. Studio 1 Studio 1 is currently the home to all ITV national news bulletins as well as all local news bulletins made by ITN for ITV News London. The studio has also been used for ITV's general election night coverage since the 2005 general election. Studio 2 Studio 2 is currently the home to 5 News, made by ITN for Channel 5.

ITN [SEP] The studio is also used every weekday morning for the Channel 5 Jeremy Vine Show. Studio 6 Studio 6 is currently the home to Channel 4 News, produced by ITN for Channel 4, and has occupied this studio since it opened in 1999. There were previous studios located in the building, however in recent years they have been decommissioned and are no longer available, with most being converted back into office space.

ITN [SEP] The atrium of ITN headquarters has been utilised by ITN for the 1997 and 2001 general election night coverage, where the atrium itself was converted into a huge studio for their general election night coverage for those two elections. The atrium view was also used by ITV News for their 2005 general election, this time superimposed into their virtual green screen news studio. The look proved popular, that it was added to all ITV national news bulletins from January 2006 until February 2009.

ITN [SEP] ITN has produced all national news bulletins on ITV since the network was launched on 22 September 1955. Originally the ITN logo and brand featured prominently on all news bulletins on ITV, however, since March 1999, bulletins have been branded as "ITV News". Trademarks of "ITV News" include the use of the clock-face of the Elizabeth Tower of Westminster Palace, the chimes of Big Ben punctuating the days headlines and the signature theme tune; "The Awakening" by Johnny Pearson.

ITN [SEP] Throughout the early years, ITN established programmes in the ITV schedule including "First Report" at lunchtime, "News at 5.45" in the evening and the flagship "News at Ten". Today, "ITV News" on weekdays broadcasts the "ITV Lunchtime News" at 1.30pm, the "ITV Evening News" at 6.30pm and "ITV News at Ten" with bulletins broadcast at various times on weekends.

ITN [SEP] ITN has at times interrupted the ITV schedule to provide updates on major breaking stories of national and international importance including the September 11 attacks, London bombings, 2005 or events involving the British Royal Family. ITN has covered every general election since 1955 for ITV, providing comprehensive coverage of the counts throughout election night and has also broadcast special programmes covering the UK budget speech given by the Chancellor of the Exchequer.

ITN [SEP] ITN's history is inextricably linked to that of ITV as prior to the Broadcasting Act 1990 each of the ITV companies owned a share. In the 1990s, under new ownership, it was accused of abandoning its previous news style, which was broadsheet in style to mid-market tabloid with news stories that focused on personalities in the news rather than heavy news coverage leading to accusations of dumbing down its coverage.

ITN [SEP] ITN's most famous news programme, "News at Ten" was also controversially replaced by an 11pm news bulletin in 1999, said to be in order to allow ITV to broadcast films without the interruption of a 10 o'clock news bulletin. " News at Ten" was subsequently re-instated in 2001 after heavy public criticism over the change. The restored programme was 10 minutes shorter than its predecessor and carried less in-depth news coverage.

ITN [SEP] It was also broadcast at a later time at least one day a week, which meant it was often jokingly referred to as "News at When?" There was increasing speculation that the "News at Ten" would again be moved, after under-performing against the "Ten O'Clock News" on BBC One which broadcasts every day at 10:00pm. In October 2003, the Independent Television Commission gave ITV approval to move "News at Ten".

ITN [SEP] The "ITV News at 10.30" launched on ITV on 2 February 2004 (the day that ITV in England, Wales and Southern Scotland came under the ownership of a single company) and was presented by Sir Trevor McDonald. The programme was longer than its predecessor and carried an integrated regional bulletin, as well as more business stories, a nightly sports update and a preview of the following day's newspapers. Mark Austin took over main presenting duties on 16 January 2006.

ITN [SEP] The rebranded programme again saw new titles, this time featuring people walking over the face of Big Ben and has lately followed a more "sensationalist" approach to its main headlines. When ITV executive chairman Michael Grade joined ITV, he made it clear that he saw news as the key in defining any channel. On 14 January 2008, the "News at Ten" returned, presented by Julie Etchingham and McDonald returned to his duties again. Mark Austin joined Etchingham as co-presenter in 2009.

ITN [SEP] As of October 2015, Tom Bradby has been the main presenter on the programme. "ITV News at 6.30" has, since it was launched in 1999, been the network's most popular bulletin. Its presenters include Mark Austin, Mary Nightingale and Alastair Stewart. In March 2004, ITN took over production of ITV London's regional news programmes, which relocated from The London Television Centre on the South Bank to ITN's Gray's Inn Road base.

ITN [SEP] ITN is home to Channel 4 News, having produced the programme since the channel's inception in 1982. The Channel 4 News flagship programme is 55 minutes of in-depth news and current affairs broadcast at 7pm each weekday and at 6.30pm on Saturdays and Sundays. The weekday evening programme is anchored by Jon Snow, whereas Krishnan Guru-Murthy presents the weekend bulletins. A five-minute-long news summary goes out Monday to Friday at midday.

ITN [SEP] The bulletin replaced Channel 4's 30-minute "News at Noon" programme in late 2009, six years after its launch during the Iraq War of 2003. ITN created "More4 News" when the digital channel More4 was launched in October 2005. It ran at 8pm, immediately after Channel 4 News. It was originally presented by Sarah Smith; Kylie Morris took over presenting duties in June 2007 and Smith was posted to the US as Channel 4 News' Washington correspondent.

ITN [SEP] In December 2009 Channel 4 cancelled "More4 News". From the launch of Channel 5 in 1997, ITN provided the news bulletins for 5 News. However, in January 2005, ITN lost the contract, which was awarded to Sky News. In 2011 ITN regained the contract in a three-year deal to provide news for Channel 5 from early 2012, but on a much reduced budget.

ITN [SEP] The deal followed an agreement by Sky and Northern & Shell, the then-owner of Channel 5, to terminate the 5 News contract early. ITN began its own "World News" bulletins in the late 1980s, which were shown around the world on local television channels, particularly on PBS stations in the US, where presenter Daljit Dhaliwal (now with Al-Jazeera English) enjoyed cult status.

ITN [SEP] These were discontinued in 2001, in the face of competition from dedicated news channels such as BBC World (now known as BBC World News), although it still provides footage to CNN International and reports often appear on "PBS NewsHour". Its "ITV Evening News" bulletin was shown on the Newsworld International cable channel in the US. ITN launched its 24-hour news channel in 2000, which was jointly bought by the main ITV companies Carlton and Granada in 2002 and rebranded as the ITV News Channel.

ITN [SEP] It was closed down in 2005. Setanta Sports News was a 24-hour sports news television channel produced by ITN and jointly owned by Virgin Media Television and Setanta Sports, launched on 29 November 2007. The channel ceased broadcasting on 23 June 2009, when Setanta's UK operation were placed into administration following financial difficulties.