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Cats can’t talk. Their aggressive or destructive behavior, vocalization, or house soiling can be their only way of communicating a problem. By being aware of what constitutes “normal” behavior and learning to watch for warning signs, you can work to correct bad behavior and recognize potential health problems such as diabetes, arthritis, and senility.
Nutrition and Exercise
Obesity has become a chronic problem in cats, one that can lead to other health problems such as loss of mobility, chronic arthritis, chronic constipation, and endocrine-related illnesses such as hypothyroidism, diabetes, and Cushing’s disease. Good nutrition is one way to fight obesity.
At Arroyo, we offer a range of pet foods for specific dietary needs, including weight loss, as well as ideas for healthy foods you can prepare yourself and for feeding schedules.
Regular exercise is equally important. To prevent injuries, parasites, life-threatening diseases, and other health threats, and to protect indigenous animals, we recommend keeping cats indoors. Exercise your indoor kitty with toys, especially wands, that get him or her chasing and dancing after tempting items.
When you come to Arroyo for your pet’s examination, be sure to find out his or her weight and how it measures up on our body scale system.
You can be a partner in fostering your cat’s health and well-being.Arroyo’s services include behavior consultation.
Spaying and neutering are common and highly recommended procedures, ones that can help protect the health and safety of your cat and control the animal population.
Arroyo offers spay and neuter programs that adhere to the highest medical standards and provide total pre- and post-operative care, all at a competitive, predetermined price.
Science can’t explain the phenomenon, but numerous studies have shown that animal companions—just by their presence—can help lower your blood pressure and cholesterol levels, increase your chances of survival after a heart attack, reduce loneliness and depression, and spread all-around good cheer. Your presence, affection, and attention have an equally powerful and positive effect on your pet’s well-being.
If your pet becomes extremely ill or severely injured, sometimes the kindest thing you can do is have your veterinarian induce his or her death quietly and humanely through euthanasia. This decision is always serious and seldom easy. At Arroyo, we understand the special relationship you have with your pet and can help you weigh what is best for the animal as well as for you and your family. If you choose euthanasia, we can guide you through the medical and grieving process with care and compassion.
Arroyo Veterinary Hospital offers wellness programs that cover all aspects of preventive health for kittens and for cats in their active and senior years. Learn more about our full range of services.
Arroyo Veterinary Hospital is proud to be accredited by the American Animal Hospital Association, a member of the Sonoma Valley Chamber of Commerce, The Better Business Bureau and a certified Green Business | <urn:uuid:cb967007-b93c-42ce-a5d3-bf529a503680> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.avhsonoma.com/felinequal.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368700958435/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516104238-00011-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.947078 | 630 | 2.5625 | 3 | Ní féidir le cait labhairt. Is féidir go mbeadh a n-iompar ionsaitheach nó scriosach, a n-uachtú, nó a n-imréiteach sa bhaile an t-aon bhealach a d'fhéadfadh siad a bheith ag cur fadhbanna in iúl. Trí bheith ar an eolas faoi na rudaí a dhéanann "gnáth" iompar agus trí bheith ar an eolas faoi chomharthaí rabhaidh, is féidir leat obair a dhéanamh chun droch-iompar a cheartú agus fadhbanna sláinte a d'fhéadfadh a bheith agat mar diaibéiteas, ailse na n-aislingí, agus seanlaochta a aithint.
Cothú agus Cleachtadh
Tá an t-aigleacht ina fhadhb ainsealach i gcait, ceann a d'fhéadfadh fadhbanna sláinte eile a bheith mar thoradh air mar chaillteanas soghluaisteachta, ailse ainsealach, constipacht ainsealach, agus galair a bhaineann le endocrine mar hypothyroidism, diaibéiteas, agus galar Cushing. Tá cothú maith ar bhealach amháin chun an t-ualach a chomhrac.
Ag Arroyo, cuirimid réimse bia peataí ar fáil do riachtanais shonracha aiste bia, lena n-áirítear meáchain caillteanas, chomh maith le smaointe le haghaidh bia sláintiúil is féidir leat a ullmhú duit féin agus le haghaidh sceidil beathaithe.
Tá sé chomh tábhachtach céanna aclaíocht rialta a dhéanamh. Chun díobhálacha, paraisítí, galair a chuireann beatha i mbaol, agus bagairtí sláinte eile a chosc, agus chun ainmhithe dúchasacha a chosaint, molaimid cait a choinneáil taobh istigh. Déan do chati a fheidhmiú le bréagáin, go háirithe le baillín, a spreagann é nó í chun dul i ngleic agus damhsa i ndiaidh rudaí tarraingteach.
Nuair a thagann tú go Arroyo chun do pheata a scrúdú, bí cinnte a fháil amach a meáchan nó a í agus conas a mheastar suas ar ár gcóras scála comhlacht.
Is féidir leat a bheith i do pháirtí i ndíriú ar shláinte agus ar fholláine do chait.
Is nósanna imeachta coitianta iad castration agus castration agus moltar iad go mór, nósanna imeachta a chabhróidh le sláinte agus sábháilteacht do chait a chosaint agus le daonra na n-ainmhithe a rialú.
Cuireann Arroyo cláir stéarála agus neamhthráchtála ar fáil a cloíonn leis na caighdeáin mhíochaine is airde agus a sholáthraíonn cúram iomlán réamh- agus iar-oibríochtúil, go léir ar phraghas iomaíoch réamhshocraithe.
Ní féidir leis an eolaíocht an feiniméan a mhíniú, ach tá go leor staidéir le feiceáil go bhféadfadh comhghleacaithe ainmhithe - trína láithreacht amháin - cabhrú le do bhrú fola agus leibhéil cholesterol a ísliú, do dheiseanna maireachtála a mhéadú tar éis ionsaí croí, an t-aonar agus an dúlagar a laghdú, agus dea-chúrsa a scaipeadh ar fud an domhain. Tá tionchar chomh láidir agus dearfach ag do láithreacht, do ghrá, agus do chúram ar fholláine do pheataí.
Má éiríonn do pheata an-bheo nó go bhfuil sé gortaithe go trom, uaireanta is é an rud is fearr is féidir leat a dhéanamh ná go gcuirfidh do dhochtúir tréithe a bhás isteach go ciúin agus go daonna trí eutanasia. Is cinneadh tromchúiseach é seo i gcónaí agus is annamh a bhíonn sé éasca. Ag Arroyo, tuigimid an caidreamh speisialta atá agat le do pheata agus is féidir linn cabhrú leat a mheas cad is fearr don ainmhí chomh maith leatsa agus le do theaghlach. Má roghnaíonn tú an eiteánásia, is féidir linn tú a threorú tríd an bpróiseas leighis agus brónach le cúram agus le comhrádh.
Cuireann Ospidéal Eitil Arroyo cláir folláine ar fáil a chlúdaíonn gach gné de shláinte choscála do chathracha agus do chait ina mblianta gníomhacha agus ina mblianta sinsearacha. Faigh tuilleadh eolais faoi ár réimse iomlán seirbhísí.
Tá an Ospidéal Eitil Arroyo bródúil as a bheith creidiúnaithe ag Cumann Ospidéal Ainmhithe Mheiriceá, ina bhall de Sheomra Trádála Sonoma Valley, an Biúró Gnó Níos Fearr agus Gnó Glas deimhnithe |
This post was co-written by Ricardo Labarta (Senior Scientist & Impact Assessment Research Leader, CIAT), Wilmer Cuellar (Virologist, CIAT) and Luis Augusto Becerra (Cassava Program Leader, CIAT).
The collection of data on the adoption of CGIAR-related crop varieties is a priority for the Standing Panel on Impact Assessment’s (SPIA) agenda and for centers such as the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT). Projects such as ‘Diffusion and Impacts of Improved Varieties in Africa’ (DIIVA) and ‘Strengthening Impact in the CGIAR (SIAC)’, expanded the number of crops and countries for which adoption estimates were available (read our blog post on the importance of adoption data). SIAC also identified significant shortcomings associated with some of the common methods for identified crop varieties in farmers’ fields, namely expert elicitation and respondent identification in household surveys. There is a growing body of evidence that in many contexts important to CGIAR, the only accurate way to identify varieties is by DNA fingerprinting (DNA FP). Fortunately, the costs of DNA FP have come down dramatically in the past decade, to the point where it is feasible to apply it to large-scale field surveys (read our blog post about scaling up DNA fingerprinting for crop variety identification here.)
Even though the costs have come down, doing varietal identification at scale with DNA FP is still a significant investment. Fortunately, as this example from CIAT’s work on cassava in Vietnam illustrates, these data can be used for many other purposes, greatly enhancing the return on the initial investment.
By 2015, CIAT scientists became aware of the potential presence of the Sri Lankan cassava mosaic virus (SLCMV) that causes Cassava Mosaic disease (CMD), in Southeast Asia. In response to reports of possible presence of this economically-important disease in Thailand and Cambodia, the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) created a task force to assess the extent of the problem and implement actions to mitigate its effect in January 2016. Given the origin of the virus, it was hypothesized that the CMD arrived in Southeast Asia through introduction of planting material from South Asia (India or Sri Lanka).
The taskforce, in close collaboration of staff from the Cambodian General Directorate of Agriculture (GDA), showed that the virus was present in different regions of Cambodia and not only in the place where it was first reported (Ratanakiri). Imagining that the problem could be more widespread than initially thought, they took advantage of the existence of a data set that had just been collected in the neighbouring country, Vietnam, as part of a cassava varietal adoption study, supported by SIAC and the CGIAR Research Program of Roots, Tubers and Bananas (RTB). Researchers collected over 3,500 cassava samples from over 800 farmers in order to identify varieties being grown across production areas in Vietnam. All planting material was kept at the Root Crop Research Center (RCRC) in Hanoi. Because the study team used DNA FP for varietal identification, and because their collection protocol—collect stems from all plants, grow them out, and then extract DNA from fresh leaves—ensured high quality samples and avoiding the bias of collecting only symptomatic plants, they were able to use the samples to test for SLCMV in different production areas of Vietnam, especially in Tay Ninh province which borders with Cambodia. In spite of the lack of reported symptoms of CMD, the results of the analysis confirmed that SLCMV was already present in Vietnam. Furthermore, the DNA fingerprinting showed that the infected varieties were bred in Thailand and in Vietnam and a prior CIAT study under SIAC documented that these varieties where not used in other regions of Asia. Importantly, the results of the DNA analysis did not support the hypothesis that the SLCMV was introduced through the direct importation of cassava varieties from South Asia.
The CIAT task force communicated the results to the Vietnamese plant protection authorities which enabled Vietnam to officially recognize the presence of CMD in the country in 2017, the same year it was officially recognized in Cambodia. Next, they reported the results to the scientific community (Uke et al., 2018). As CMD threatens the whole region, stakeholders in Southeast Asia are joining efforts to respond to the epidemic (https://ciat.cgiar.org/event/cmd-sea/). Today, a total of seven different initiatives are currently underway to combat the spread of CMD, and funds have been mobilized through the Australian Centre of International Agricultural Research (ACIAR), the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Philippine Department of Agriculture, and RTB.
A key factor behind CIAT’s rapid response in Vietnam was the close communication between the impact assessment, genetics, virology, and plant protection teams, both in Vietnam and in HQ. Collaboration on the adoption survey ensured that the right people were aware of the survey and recognized the value of the materials collected to respond to the emerging outbreak.
As CGIAR moves forward in establishing protocols for large-scale DNA FP, this case has important lessons for ensuring that the system can capture the full value of its investment in data collection.
For further information, please contact Ricardo Labarta: email@example.com
First report of CMD in Cambodia (Wang et al., 2016): https://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/10.1094/PDIS-10-15-1228-PDN
First report of CMD in Vietnam (Uke et al., 2018): https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-05-18-0805-PDN
More info related to the disease: https://ciat.cgiar.org/event/cmd-sea/
Labarta, R., T. Wossen & D.P. Le (2017). The adoption of Improved Cassava Varieties in South and Southeast Asia. 9th ASAE International Conference: Transformation in agricultural and food economy in Asia, 11-13 January 2017, Bangkok, Thailand. Proceedings 2017 pp.1445-1454 ref.14 | <urn:uuid:0b660c89-f860-4089-834f-f94a8a96dc3e> | CC-MAIN-2020-05 | https://cas.cgiar.org/news/how-data-collected-identify-cassava-varieties-vietnam-helped-southeast-asia-respond-rapidly | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579251672537.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20200125131641-20200125160641-00364.warc.gz | en | 0.935362 | 1,287 | 2.78125 | 3 | Bhí Ricardo Labarta (Séineoir Eolaí agus Ceann Comhairle Taighde um Mheasúnú Tionchair, CIAT), Wilmer Cuellar (Vírosaí, CIAT) agus Luis Augusto Becerra (Leadóir Clár Cassava, CIAT) rannpháirteach sa phost seo.
Tá bailiú sonraí maidir le glacadh cineálacha barra a bhaineann le CGIAR ina thosaíocht do chlár oibre an Pháinéil Buan um Mheasúnú Tionchair (SPIA) agus do lárionaid amhail an Lárionad Idirnáisiúnta um Thalmhaíocht Trópaiceach (CIAT). Le tionscadail mar Diffusion and Impacts of Improved Varieties in Africa (DIIVA) agus Strengthening Impact in the CGIAR (SIAC) , leathnaíodh líon na gcultúr agus na dtíortha ar a raibh meastacháin ar an nglacadh ar fáil (léigh ár bpost ar an mblag faoi thábhacht na sonraí ar an nglacadh). D'aimsigh SIAC easnaimh shuntasacha a bhaineann le roinnt de na modhanna coitianta le haghaidh cineálacha barra a aithnítear i réimsí feirmeoirí, is é sin, eisiúint saineolaithe agus sainaithint freagróirí i suirbhéanna teaghlaigh. Tá comhlacht fianaise atá ag fás ann go bhfuil an t-aon bhealach cruinn chun cineálacha a aithint i go leor comhthéacsanna atá tábhachtach do CGIAR ná trí shliocht dheirleach DNA (FP DNA). Ar an dea-uair, tá costais FP DNA tar éis titim go suntasach le deich mbliana anuas, go dtí an pointe inar féidir é a chur i bhfeidhm ar suirbhéanna réimse ar scála mór (léigh ár bpost blag faoi scálaithe fingerprinting DNA le haghaidh sainaitheantas cineálacha barra anseo).
Cé go bhfuil na costais tar éis titim, tá infheistíocht shuntasach fós i leith aitheantas cineálacha a dhéanamh ar scála le DNA FP. Ar an dea-shástacht, mar a léiríonn an sampla seo ó obair CIAT ar cassava sa Vítneam, is féidir na sonraí seo a úsáid chun go leor críocha eile, ag feabhsú an toradh ar an infheistíocht tosaigh go mór.
Faoi 2015, tháinig eolaithe CIAT ar an eolas faoi láithreacht fhéideartha víreas mósaic cassava na Srí Lanca (SLCMV) a chuireann galar mósaic cassava (CMD) i ndeisceart na hÁise. Mar fhreagra ar thuairiscí ar láithreacht fhéideartha an ghalair seo a bhfuil tábhacht eacnamaíoch aige sa Téalainn agus sa Chambóid, chruthaigh an Lárionad Idirnáisiúnta um Talmhaíocht Trópaiceach (CIAT) tascfhórsa chun measúnú a dhéanamh ar mhéid an fhadhb agus bearta a chur i bhfeidhm chun a héifeacht a mhaolú i mí Eanáir 2016. Ós rud é go bhfuil bunús an víris, bhí tuairimíocht ann gur tháinig CMD go dtí Oirdheisceart na hÁise trí ábhar síolta a thabhairt isteach ó Oirdheisceart na hÁise (an India nó an Srí Lanca).
Léirigh an tascfhórsa, i ndlúthchomhar le foireann ó Ard-Stiúrthóireacht Talmhaíochta na Cambóide (GDA), go raibh an víreas i réigiúin éagsúla sa Chambóide agus ní amháin san áit inar tuairiscíodh é den chéad uair (Ratanakiri). Ag smaoineamh go bhféadfadh an fhadhb a bheith níos forleithne ná mar a cheapadh ar dtús, bhain siad leas as tacar sonraí a bailíodh i dtír chomharsa, Vítneam, mar chuid de staidéar ar uchtáil éagsúlachta cassava, le tacaíocht ó SIAC agus Clár Taighde CGIAR ar Fhréamhacha, Tubers agus Bananaí (RTB). Bailíodh níos mó ná 3,500 sampla cassava ó níos mó ná 800 feirmeoir d'fhonn cineálacha a aithint a bhí á dtógáil ar fud limistéir táirgthe sa Vítneam. Coinníodh an t-ábhar síolta go léir ag an Ionad Taighde ar Thorthaí Root (RCRC) i Hanoi. Toisc gur bhain an fhoireann staidéir úsáid as DNA FP chun idintiteas cineálacha a dhéanamh, agus toisc go raibh a bprótacal bailiúcháin - stiallaí a bhailiú ó gach planda, iad a fhás amach, agus ansin DNA a bhaint as duilleoga úr - samplaí ardchaighdeáin a chinntiú agus an claonadh a sheachaint nach ba chóir ach plandaí comhfhiosach a bhailiú, bhí siad in ann na samplaí a úsáid chun tástáil a dhéanamh ar SLCMV i gceantair éagsúla táirgthe na Vítneame, go háirithe i gcathair Tay Ninh a bhfuil teorainn aige le Cambóide. D'ainneoin nach ndearnadh aon chomharthaí CMD a thuairisciú, dheimhnigh torthaí an anailíse go raibh SLCMV i láthair cheana féin sa Vítneam. Ina theannta sin, léirigh an léarscáil fingerscinn DNA go raibh na cineálacha ionfhabhtaithe ar fáil sa Téalainn agus sa Vítneam agus gur léirigh staidéar roimhe seo ó CIAT faoi SIAC nach raibh na cineálacha sin in úsáid i réigiúin eile san Áise. Tá sé tábhachtach a thabhairt faoi deara nach raibh tacaíocht ag torthaí na hanailíse DNA don hipitéis gur tugadh isteach an SLCMV trí shaor-allmhairí cineálacha cassava ó an Áise Theas.
Ba cheart don Choimisiún an fhaisnéis a sholáthar maidir le CMD a aithint go hoifigiúil i mBéarla agus i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla i mBéarla Ina dhiaidh sin, thuairiscigh siad na torthaí don phobal eolaíoch (Uke et al., 2018). De réir mar a chuireann CMD bagairt ar an réigiún ar fad, tá geallsealbhóirí san Oirdheisceart na hÁise ag teacht le chéile chun freagairt don eipidéim (https://ciat.cgiar.org/event/cmd-sea/). Sa lá atá inniu ann, tá seacht tionscnamh éagsúla ar bun i láthair na huaire chun dul i ngleic le scaipeadh CMD, agus tá cistí curtha ar fáil trí Lárionad na hAstráile um Thaighde Talmhaíochta Idirnáisiúnta (ACIAR), Eagraíocht Bia agus Talmhaíochta na Náisiún Aontaithe (FAO), Roinn Talmhaíochta na hOileáin Fhilipíneacha, agus RTB.
Is príomhfhachtóir a bhí taobh thiar de fhreagra tapa CIAT sa Vítneam an cumarsáid dlúth idir na foirne measúnaithe tionchair, géineolaíochta, víreasaíochta agus cosanta plandaí, sa Vítneam agus sa cheanncheathrú araon. Ba é an comhoibriú ar an suirbhé ar uchtú a chinntigh go raibh na daoine ceart ar an eolas faoin suirbhé agus gur aithin siad luach na n-ábhar a bailíodh chun freagairt don ráig atá ag teacht chun cinn.
De réir mar a théann CGIAR ar aghaidh i mbunú prótacail do FP DNA ar scála mór, tá ceachtanna tábhachtacha ag an gcás seo chun a chinntiú gur féidir leis an gcóras an luach iomlán dá infheistíocht i mbailiú sonraí a ghabháil.
Le haghaidh tuilleadh eolais, déan teagmháil le Ricardo Labarta: email@example.com
An chéad tuarascáil ar CMD sa Chambóid (Wang et al., 2016): https://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/10.1094/PDIS-10-15-1228-PDN
An chéad tuarascáil ar CMD sa Vítneam (Uke et al., 2018): https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-05-18-0805-PDN
Tuilleadh eolais a bhaineann leis an ghalair: https://ciat.cgiar.org/event/cmd-sea/
Labarta, R., T. Wossen & D.P. Le (2017). Glacadh le Cineálacha Feabhsaithe Cassava i dTuaisceart agus Oirdheisceart na hÁise. An 9ú Comhdháil Idirnáisiúnta ASAE: Athrú i ngeilleagar talmhaíochta agus bia san Áise, 11-13 Eanáir 2017, Bangkok, an Téalainn. I gcásanna den sórt sin, ní bheidh an t-údarás inniúil freagrach as an méid seo a leanas: |
"Karma" photo courtesy of Fisker Automotive
There are small solutions to environmental challenges that may have a big impact with electric vehicles, renewable energy, and the smart grid. Large environmental problems like the ongoing Fukushima nuclear catastrophe and the effects of the BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill in the Gulf of Mexico still loom, but one of the solutions to the planet’s environmental woes is rapidly approaching. Vehicle electrification can ease dependence on polluting petroleum that contributes to climate change, yet many people are not fully informed on how electric vehicles will fit into their lives. One information gap is public understanding of the important fit between electric vehicles (EVs) and the smart grid.
There is a game changing research paper that shows we can transform the energy equation – “Vehicle Electrification: Status and Issues,” it was just published in the special Smart Grid issue of The Proceedings of The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). It shows we can change the energy equation, serving as a reference source to understand electric vehicles from a whole systems perspective.
Many people do not realize there are many electric vehicles available, and the size of this EV wave now breaking. Here is an original chart of new grid enabled vehicles (GEV) to use as resource. Choose the new electric vehicle you want to see from small tabs at the bottom of the page where vehicles are divided into categories; Battery Electric Vehicles (BEV), Plug in Electric Vehicles (PEV), Plug in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEV).
This EV paper is timely and important since the case for electric vehicles needs to be more clearly understood, from the point of view of public perception and long term evaluation. The research and statistics presented will gain value over time when people need to cite sources to accelerate the transition to a renewable energy global economy.
EV’s and the Smart Grid are two topics that present solutions at a time the planet is challenged to live in balance with our natural resources regarding energy generation. A key functionality of a smart grid is the intelligent management of distributed sources of power derived from renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, tidal, etc. It is important that renewable energy can be paired with energy storage for a more adaptable power grid; this is one of the key features of the smart grid article.
To adapt to the moving electrical loads that are EVs is one of the major design goals for the smart grid. EVs also potentially offer valuable energy storage capabilities for smart grids (Vehicle to Grid).
IEEE's Published Paper "Vehicle Electrification: Status and Issues"(Click on the image to read)
World Team Now (WTN) board members Albert Boulanger and Suzanne Maxx teamed up with Andy Chu of A123 Systems Inc. and Dave Waltz of Columbia University’s Computational Learning Systems (CCLS) for the IEEE paper Vehicle Electrification: Status and Issues—a topic that offers solutions to our environmental challenges. World Team Now, our California and New York based non-profit organization, raises public awareness about renewable energy solutions, like the EVs. We recently worked with The City of Malibu (Click Here for EV Campaign) to secure a grant to get their electric vehicle chargers working and upgraded too.
To make the transition to vehicle electrification, the public needs to understand how their transportation choices play into the big picture. Each individual has the opportunity to carve out his or her own role in this change by making educated choices with what we drive and how we live.
Here is a new original chart of grid enabled vehicles (GEV) to use as resource in making these choices.At the bottom of the image you an click on the tab to view vehicles in each of these categories;
“Karma,” (the vehicle) from Fisker Automotive made its production debut this past weekend at the Monaco Grand Prix. Back in 2005, World Team Now worked to build an alternative vehicle parade to premiere at Monaco’s Grand Prix. The Sovereign Prince of Monaco, Albert the 2nd, was behind the wheel and founder Henrik Fisker rode shot gun—fulfilling a long anticipated coming of a high end electric sports car with the innovation to also take gasoline, if necessary.
Loving "Karma's" Solar Roof, photo courtesy of Fisker Automotive
Fisker’s Karma lives up to its name. Its good Karma resides in its solar roof, LED lights, and use of recycled and reclaimed components. It is a more than a transition vehicle while the full-on vehicle infrastructure is being built to support EV charging. The Karma is one of the greenest cars on the market—cradle to grave—when it is charged every 100 miles via solar, or other renewable energy source. Marketing Director Roger Ormisher said, “We should have the car rolled out with dealers and customers in August at the latest.” Fisker also plans to have its own charge points, according to Ormisher.
In Baden-Baden Germany, June 9 is the last day of the IEEE conference on Intelligent Vehicles. Vehicle intelligence, the ability of vehicles to talk to other vehicles, can enhance safety and ease traffic flow. Intelligent vehicles with driver assist features can act like remote sensors to following vehicles and even eventually drive the following vehicle in emergency situations.
A considerable obstacle to EV adoption is public perception. The IEEE Paper goes into this in-depth. The newly released film the Revenge of the Electric Car has a commercial appeal with an important story to help engage the public.
Auto executives understand that gap is a challenge for EV adoption and each manufacturer has different approaches to meet it.
GM believes that range anxiety is a key challenge. In an interview, Tony Posawatz, Chevy Volt Line Director, called the Chevy Volt a “connected electric vehicle” with the rollout standard OnStar for a period of time. The OnStar tracking system and technology is why Posawatz said, “We believe that the Chevy Volt will be the smartest device on the Smart Grid.” That confidence is based on a “special relationship” managed through the Electric Power Research Institute where General Motors has engaged a about 50 of EPRI’s utilities to work together on everything from standards to rollout to communication plans to interfaces, to smart grid solutions.
Nissan is using vertical integration and making a significant investment in EVs to bring costs down faster than its competitors. In a private interview, Mark Perry, director of planning, Nissan North America explained their first mover’s advantage in the United States, with the reasonably priced, “All Electric Zero Emissions Vehicle, the Nissan Leaf and mass media internet campaign.” Nissan is also a supporter of Level 3 DC fast charging, unlike most other automakers. Their strategy is to deploy infrastructure across six states with multiple DC fast-charging stations.
The Chinese battery and automaker BYD has less experience, but more to gain, and is pursuing EVs partly due to their simpler engineering. Paul Lin, spokesman for BYD, said in a private interview that the company also takes advantage of vertical integration but is not bound by legal and liability constraints that other manufacturers face. The lower requirements of the domestic Chinese market, and less danger of hurting their brand, allow BYD to be more aggressive than traditional automakers.
Findings from the recent IPCCC Special Report Renewable Energy Sources are based on science that proves renewable energy can provide for 80% of our total global energy consumption.
The IEEE paper explains, “Grid-enabled vehicles (GEV), such as electric vehicles (EVs) and plug-in (PHEVs) can help address environmental and energy issues by using electricity rather than petroleum. Overall, from well to wheels, GEVs reduce the energy consumption and emissions in the transportation sector.”
This paper offers a resource for making personal choices for sustainable transportation that impact the overriding issue of our time – global climate change. T0 read a different version of the article published in Environment News Service (Click Here). | <urn:uuid:29930838-4e28-42fe-922f-8b80e704c837> | CC-MAIN-2017-26 | http://worldteamnow.org/blog/2011/06/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320595.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20170625235624-20170626015624-00004.warc.gz | en | 0.941148 | 1,648 | 3.375 | 3 | Grianghraf "Karma" de chúirtéisí ag Fisker Automotive
Tá réitigh bheaga ann do dhúshláin chomhshaoil a d'fhéadfadh tionchar mór a bheith acu le feithiclí leictreacha, fuinneamh in-athnuaite, agus an líonra cliste. Tá fadhbanna móra comhshaoil mar an tubaiste núicléach Fukushima atá ar siúl agus éifeachtaí an Tuilte Ola BP Deepwater Horizon i gCúl Mheicsiceo fós ag teacht chun cinn, ach tá ceann de na réitigh ar thruailliú comhshaoil na pláinéad ag teacht go tapa. Is féidir le leictreachas feithiclí an spleáchas ar phéitról truaillithe a chuireann le hathrú aeráide a laghdú, ach níl a lán daoine ar an eolas go hiomlán faoi conas a oireann feithiclí leictreacha ina saol. Is é an bhearna faisnéise ná tuiscint phoiblí ar an oiriúnú tábhachtach idir feithiclí leictreacha (EVanna) agus an líonra cliste.
Tá páipéar taighde ag athrú an chluiche a léiríonn gur féidir linn an chothromóid fuinnimh a athrú Eilectriú Feithiclí: Stádas agus Ceisteanna, foilsíodh é díreach sa eisiúint speisialta Smart Grid de The Proceedings of The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). Léiríonn sé gur féidir linn an chothromóid fuinnimh a athrú, ag feidhmiú mar fhoinse tagartha chun feithiclí leictreacha a thuiscint ó thaobh córais iomlána de.
Ní thuigeann go leor daoine go bhfuil go leor feithiclí leictreacha ar fáil, agus méid an tsraith EV seo atá ag teacht chun cinn anois. Seo léargas bunaidh de fheithiclí nua cumasaithe gríd (GEV) le húsáid mar acmhainn. Roghnaigh an fheithicil leictreach nua is mian leat a fheiceáil ó chártaí beaga ag bun an leathanaigh ina roinntear feithiclí ina gcatagóirí; Feithiclí Leictreacha Leatraí (BEV), Feithiclí Leictreacha Plug in (PEV), Feithiclí Leictreacha Iompair Plug in (PHEV).
Tá an páipéar EV tráthúil agus tábhachtach ós rud é go gcaithfear an cás le haghaidh feithiclí leictreacha a thuiscint níos soiléire, ó thaobh tuiscint phoiblí agus meastóireacht fhadtéarmach de. Beidh luach ag an taighde agus ag na staitisticí a chuirtear i láthair thar am nuair a bheidh gá le foinsí a lua ag daoine chun an t-aistriú go geilleagar domhanda fuinnimh in-athnuaite a luathachadh.
Is iad EV agus an Grid Cliste dhá ábhar a chuireann réitigh i láthair ag am a bhfuil dúshlán ag an bpláinéad maireachtáil i gcomhréireacht lenár n-acmhainní nádúrtha maidir le giniúint fuinnimh. Is é príomhfheidhmíocht ghréasáin chliste bainistíocht intleachtúil foinsí dáileacháin cumhachta a fhaightear ó fhoinsí fuinnimh in-athnuaite amhail gréine, gaoithe, tuilte, srl. Tá sé tábhachtach go bhféadfar fuinneamh in-athnuaite a lánú le stóráil fuinnimh le haghaidh gréasán cumhachta níos oiriúnaithe; is é seo ceann de phríomhghnéithe an ailt maidir le gréasán cliste.
Tá oiriúnú do na muirir leictreacha gluaiseachta atá i EVanna ar cheann de na príomhchuspóirí dearadh don ghréasán cliste. Tá sé de chumas ag EVanna cumas luachmhar stórála fuinnimh a thairiscint do ghréasáin chliste (Fheithicil go Grid).
Páipéar Foilsithe IEEE "Electrification Vehicle: Status and Issues" (Cliceáil ar an íomhá chun é a léamh)
D'éirigh le baill boird an Choiste Domhanda Anois (WTN) Albert Boulanger agus Suzanne Maxx le Andy Chu de A123 Systems Inc. agus Dave Waltz de Chórais Foghlama ríomhaireachta Ollscoil Columbia (CCLS) le haghaidh páipéar IEEE Electrification Vehicle: Status and Issues ábhar a thairgeann réitigh ar ár ndúshláin chomhshaoil. Tá an Eagraíocht Domhanda Anois, ár n-eagraíocht neamhbhrabúis atá lonnaithe i California agus i Nua Eabhrac, ag ardú feasacht an phobail faoi réitigh fuinnimh in-athnuaite, cosúil leis na EVanna. D'oibríomar le déanaí le Cathair Malibu (Cliceáil anseo le haghaidh Feachtas EV) chun deontas a fháil chun a n-uireadóirí feithiclí leictreacha a bheith ag obair agus a uasghrádú freisin.
Chun an t-aistriú go leictreachas feithiclí a dhéanamh, ní mór don phobal a thuiscint conas a imríonn a roghanna iompair sa phictiúr mór. Tá deis ag gach duine a chuid féin a dhéanamh sa athrú seo trí roghanna oideachasúla a dhéanamh maidir leis an méid a thiománaimid agus an chaoi a mairimid.
Seo léargas nua bunaidh de fheithiclí cumasaithe gríd (GEV) le húsáid mar acmhainn chun na roghanna seo a dhéanamh. Ag bun an íomhá, cliceáil ar an gcnaipe chun feithiclí a fheiceáil i ngach ceann de na catagóirí seo;
Rinne Karma, (an fheithicil) ó Fisker Automotive a chéad táirgeadh an deireadh seachtaine seo caite ag an Grand Prix Monaco. Ar ais i 2005, d'oibrigh Foireann Domhanda Anois chun paráid feithicle malartach a thógáil chun tús a chur leis ag Grand Prix Monaco. Bhí Prionsa Mhonác, Albert an 2ú, taobh thiar den roth agus bhí Henrik Fisker, bunaitheoir an charr, ag tiomáint an charr, ag cur i gcrích an teacht a bhí ag súil leis le fada de charr spóirt leictreach ard-deireadh leis an nuálaíocht a ghlacfadh gáisín freisin, más gá.
Tá an díon gréine "Karma" á ghrá, grianghraf de chúirtéisíocht Fisker Automotive
Tá Karma Fisker ag maireachtáil suas lena ainm. Tá a Karma maith ina chónaí ina díon gréine, i soilse LED, agus i úsáid comhpháirteanna athchúrsáilte agus athshlánaithe. Tá sé níos mó ná feithicil idirthréimhseach agus an bonneagar feithicle iomlán á thógáil chun tacú le muirearú EV. Tá an Karma ar cheann de na gluaisteáin is glas ar an margadh - ó chré leis go dtí an tuama - nuair a ghearrtar gach 100 míle tríd an ngrian, nó foinse fuinnimh in-athnuaite eile. Dúirt an Stiúrthóir Margaíochta Roger Ormisher, "Ba cheart go mbeadh an carr ag na déileálaithe agus ag na custaiméirí i mí Lúnasa ar a dhéanaí". Tá sé beartaithe ag Fisker a phointí muirearaithe féin a bheith aige freisin, de réir Ormisher.
I Baden-Baden sa Ghearmáin, is é 9 Meitheamh an lá deireanach de chomhdháil IEEE ar Fheithiclí Cliste. Is féidir le faisnéis feithiclí, cumas feithiclí labhairt le feithiclí eile, sábháilteacht a fheabhsú agus sreabhadh tráchta a éascú. Is féidir le feithiclí cliste a bhfuil gnéithe cabhrach tiománaí acu gníomhú mar shensóirí iargúlta chun feithiclí a leanúint agus fiú an fheithicil a leanas a thiomáint i gcásanna éigeandála.
Is bac suntasach ar uchtú EV í an tuiscint phoiblí. Téann an Páipéar IEEE isteach go domhain sa chás seo. Tá achomharc tráchtála ag an scannán a scaoileadh le déanaí, The Revenge of the Electric Car, le scéal tábhachtach chun cuidiú leis an bpobal a mhealladh.
Tuigeann feidhmeannaigh gluaisteán gur dúshlán é an bhearna maidir le glacadh EV agus tá cur chuige difriúil ag gach monaróir chun é a chomhlíonadh.
Creideann GM gur dúshlán lárnach é imní raon. In agallamh, d'iarr Tony Posawatz, Stiúrthóir Líne Chevy Volt, ar an Chevy Volt "feithicil leictreach nasctha" leis an gcaighdeán rollout OnStar ar feadh tréimhse ama. Is é an córas rianaithe agus an teicneolaíocht OnStar an fáth a dúirt Posawatz, "Creidimid gurb é an Chevy Volt an gléas is cliste ar an nGréasán Cliste". Tá an muinín sin bunaithe ar "caidreamh speisialta" arna bhainistiú tríd an Institiúid Taighde Cumhachta Leictreach inar ghlac General Motors thart ar 50 de fóntais EPRI le chéile chun oibriú le chéile ar gach rud ó chaighdeáin go rollaíocht go pleananna cumarsáide go comhéadan, go réitigh ghréasáin cliste.
Tá Nissan ag baint úsáide as comhtháthú ingearach agus ag déanamh infheistíochta shuntasach i VEanna chun costais a laghdú níos tapúla ná a chuid iomaitheoirí. I agallamh príobháideach, mhínigh Mark Perry, stiúrthóir pleanála, Nissan North America a buntáiste chéad mhóireora sna Stáit Aontaithe, leis an praghas réasúnta, All Electric Zero Emissions Vehicle, an Nissan Leaf agus feachtas idirlín na meán mais. Tá Nissan ina thacaí freisin ar mhuirearú tapa Leibhéal 3 DC, murab ionann agus an chuid is mó de na déantúsóirí gluaisteán eile. Is é an straitéis atá acu bunscairt a chur ar bun ar fud sé stáit le go leor stáisiúin muirir tapa DC.
Tá níos lú taithí ag an gcumhachtaire ceallraí agus gluaisteán Síneach BYD, ach tá níos mó le fáil, agus tá sé ag leanúint EVanna go páirteach mar gheall ar a innealtóireacht níos simplí. Dúirt Paul Lin, urlabhraí BYD, in agallamh príobháideach go mbainfidh an chuideachta leas as an lánpháirtíocht ingearach ach nach bhfuil sí faoi cheangal ag srianta dlíthiúla agus dliteanais a bhíonn ag monaróirí eile. Leis na ceanglais níos ísle atá ag an margadh intíre na Síne, agus an riosca níos lú a bheith ag déanamh dochar dá mbranda, ceadaíonn BYD a bheith níos ionsaithí ná déantúsóirí gluaisteán traidisiúnta.
Tá torthaí ó Thuairisc Speisialta IPCCC le déanaí Foinsí Fuinnimh In-athnuaite bunaithe ar eolaíocht a chruthaíonn gur féidir le fuinneamh in-athnuaite 80% dár ngnáth-úsáid fuinnimh domhanda a sholáthar.
Míníonn páipéar IEEE, "Is féidir le feithiclí a chumasú le líonra (GEV), mar shampla feithiclí leictreacha (EVanna) agus feithiclí plug-in (PHEVanna) cuidiú le ceisteanna comhshaoil agus fuinnimh a réiteach trí leictreachas a úsáid seachas peitriliam. Go ginearálta, ó bhéal go rothaí, laghdaíonn GEVanna tomhaltas fuinnimh agus astaíochtaí i earnáil an iompair.
Cuireann an páipéar seo acmhainn ar fáil chun roghanna pearsanta a dhéanamh maidir le hiompar inbhuanaithe a bhfuil tionchar acu ar cheist uathúil ár n-am athrú aeráide domhanda. Léigh leagan difriúil den alt a foilsíodh i Seirbhís Nuacht Comhshaoil (Cliceáil anseo). |
The state is the organising principle of national and international politics and states are the subject of abundant historical research, academic theory and contemporary analysis. That perhaps makes it a little strange to say that both the state as a category and states in general tend to be taken for granted. But that’s how it is – and it’s a problem.
Largely we think and talk as if the state system is long established. It’s not. Let’s start with the numbers. By 1900 there were just 48 states in our modern sense of the term. In the years either side of World War I, with the break-up of the Ottoman and Habsburg Empires, there was considerable state-making. Even so, the UN was founded by just 51 states (and NB, although that number was kept low by excluding countries on the losing side in World War II, it was boosted by including some that were republics of the USSR and thus not proper states at all). Today, 193 states make up the UN, the newest being South Sudan in July 2011.
The big waves of state-making occurred with decolonisation from the second half of the 1940s through the 1970s and, on a smaller scale, with the end of the Cold War and the break-up of the USSR and then Yugoslavia in the first half of the 1990s. While state-making has slowed down there is no reason to think it is yet at a full stop. Even one of the world’s oldest states may in the not very distant future shed some territory and citizens and allow an independent Scotland to be born.
If nothing else, these figures show that in our era sovereignty and statehood have been extremely desirable items in the global market of power and politics. Seen in historical perspective, the growing strength of international organisations, laws and linkages of all kinds is undeniable and remarkable. But that has been balanced by the growth in the number of actors within those institutions. If the idea still persists that the world is heading towards ever larger and more encompassing sovereign units – a widespread surrender of sovereignty upwards, so to speak – the figures lead to a different conclusion.
Yet the fact that the shape of the state system today is so very recent offers a second conclusion, going in almost the opposite direction. For sure, the numbers lead us to think a trend towards supra-states is unreal but they could also suggest that the system is not in any sense fixed and is liable to change.
To put this in some perspective, when my grandparents were born around 120-125 years ago, there were fewer than 50 states in the world. The number has quadrupled in four generations. And for the next three to four generations? Four times as many or four times as fewer or where in between?
The freshness and potential changeability of the state system construct a further conclusion, arising like the first two straight out of looking at the simple numbers: the system is full of diversity. There are different kinds, and differences within each kind, responding to differences in culture, history and development.
These are simple questions to ask and simple conclusions to draw – even simple-minded, I’ll agree, but nonetheless important for all that. Forgetting them can lead you badly astray.
The purpose of states
So, another simple question: why the state? Discuss.
In value-free terms, the purpose of states is to organise power. The modern state organises power with a greater degree of predictability and durability, normally based on law, than preceding varieties. No more today does territory change hands (or even whole states come and go) because of a marriage here or an alliance there. Even the old habit of carving up territories through war has fallen into disuse and it’s been some time since a major international conference parcelled out chunks of land to be ruled by the winners in a recent war and their allies. States today may be weak or strong by a variety of measures, their borders may be tight or porous, their finances robust or rocky – and their government come and go – but they endure and provide the organising framework of power in that territory.
That seems to me to be a fact. What’s left to argue about is how individual states organise power, to what ends and whose benefit.
the failure of purpose
In this post I want to explore this by going to the extreme cases; in a future one, I’ll look at more standard cases.
Because the state system is taken for granted and left unexamined, odd and paradoxical ideas about politics enter our discourse. One such is the idea of “ungoverned spaces”, which has emerged from narrow circles of strategic experts to enter mainstream political vocabulary. It is being used quite often to justify the French intervention in Mali and, likely enough, we will hear more of it in relation to Afghanistan after the pull-out of foreign forces in 2014 and probably Syria too.
It is a term that creates at least as many problems as it resolves. It points to a real issue but mis-describes it. An article by Yvan Guichaoua usefully unpicks it in the context of the Mali intervention, showing how its core assumption that “terrorists have established their stronghold in a political vacuum” implicitly exonerates from blame those who had authority and responsibility. The logic that follows from this assumption is that the way to resolve the crisis is by building up “the legitimate administration”, which, Guichaoua argues, will mean relying on the power-brokers and authorities in Bamako who bear significant responsibility for the country’s plight.
Like the closely related concept of “failed states” back in the 1990s, that later evolved into the more nuanced but equally unhelpful “failing states”, which has since been replaced by the yet more nuanced and rather helpful term “fragile states”, the concept of “ungoverned spaces” carries unexamined notions of what governing is and what a state is. These notions forget the actual diversity of states and conjure up a narrow range – France, Britain, America or Sweden. Finding nothing that those notions of statehood can recognise in a particular territory – normally a whole country for a “failed” or “failing” state but these days just a part of it can earn the “ungoverned spaces” label – the temptation is to recognise only a void.
I find the term “fragile states” more useful because the metaphor of fragility has a sharp truth in it that outside powers would do well to respect more than they normally do. But mis-used, it too comes to imply void, no authority, no power – a blank sheet of paper.
Operating on that basis is bound to lead you astray both in understanding the problems that ordinary people who live in those insecure circumstances face and in figuring out what might be done to bring about a general improvement. It means not facing up to the realities of power in that place. The truth is not that there is no power or authority but that the way that power and authority are organised and used places ordinary people in a situation of terrifying insecurity.
It has been shown time and again in countries torn apart by war and rampant instability - for example, Lebanon in the 1980s, Somalia in the 1990s, eastern Congo for much of the past 15 years, swathes of Afghanistan and Pakistan today – that there are other kinds of effective power than that which resides in the modern state. This is also true in urban settings – in the big cities, parts of which are no-go areas for the representatives of the state, or in which there are effectively parallel systems of power.
Ignoring that reality means getting the analysis wrong. As International Alert‘s report on eastern Congo has demonstrated, that results in the international community promoting solutions that won’t work and add up over time to a waste of effort and resources.
What are often called “ungoverned spaces” are really “spaces governed in ways and by people that other people think are the wrong ways and the wrong people.”
And what used to be called “failed or failing states” are states in which power is organised in a way that, generally speaking, you and I find offensive.
But it is power and they are states - and if any of us want to help do something about the abuses, we need to pay attention to that. | <urn:uuid:b91cddd5-7aae-4430-b0cb-572701cecaca> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://dansmithsblog.com/2013/02/22/the-state-of-the-worlds-states/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368699036375/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516101036-00088-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.965881 | 1,764 | 2.640625 | 3 | Is é an stát prionsabal eagraitheach na polaitíochta náisiúnta agus idirnáisiúnta agus is ábhar taighde stairiúil, teoiric acadúil agus anailíse comhaimseartha iad stáit. Is dócha go bhfuil sé rud beag aisteach a rá go bhfuil an stádas mar chatagóir agus stáit i gcoitinne ag dul a bheith ina rud a ghlacfar mar rud cinnte. Ach is é sin mar atá sé agus is fadhb é.
Go mór, smaoinímid agus labhraímid amhail is dá mba rud é go bhfuil an córas stáit bunaithe le fada. Níl sé. Tosaímid leis na huimhreacha. Faoi 1900, ní raibh ach 48 stát sa chiall nua-aimseartha atá againn don téarma. Sna blianta ar gach taobh den Chéad Chogadh Domhanda, le briseadh suas na hImpireacht Ottoman agus Habsburg, bhí go leor de na stáit a dhéanamh. Mar sin féin, ní raibh ach 51 stát ag bunú na Náisiún Aontaithe (agus nóta, cé gur coinníodh an líon sin íseal trí thíortha ar an taobh caillte sa Dara Cogadh Domhanda a eisiamh, cuireadh borradh air trí roinnt a bhí ina poblachtaí den USSR a áireamh agus dá bhrí sin ní stáit cheart iad ar chor ar bith). Sa lá atá inniu ann, tá 193 stát ag comhlíonadh na Náisiún Aontaithe, agus is é an tSúdáin Theas an ceann is nuaí i mí Iúil 2011.
Tharla na tonnta móra de dhéantús stáit le díchoilíneacht ó dara leath na 1940idí go dtí na 1970idí agus, ar scála níos lú, le deireadh an Chogaidh Fuar agus le briseadh suas an USSR agus ansin Iúgslaivis sa chéad leath de na 1990idí. Cé go bhfuil an t-athrú ar an stát ag dul go mall, níl aon chúis ann a cheapann go bhfuil sé fós ag stopadh go hiomlán. D'fhéadfadh fiú ceann de na stáit is sine ar domhan i todhchaí nach bhfuil i bhfad i gcéin cuid de chríoch agus de shaoránaigh a chailleadh agus ligean do Albain neamhspleách a bheith rugadh.
Má ní rud eile, léiríonn na figiúirí seo go bhfuil an t-uachtaránas agus an státúlacht ina n-earraí an-áisiúla inár ré sa mhargadh domhanda cumhachta agus polaitíochta. Ó thaobh na staire de, is é an neart atá ag fás ag eagraíochtaí, dlíthe agus naisc idirnáisiúnta de gach cineál gan amhras agus suntasach. Ach tá an méid sin curtha in oiriúint ag an bhfás i líon na ngníomhaithe laistigh de na hinstitiúidí sin. Má leanann an smaoineamh go bhfuil an domhan ag dul i dtreo aonaid uachtaránacha níos mó agus níos mó a chuimsíonn - seachadadh forleathan ar uachtaránacht suas, mar sin a labhairt - tugann na figiúirí conclúid dhifriúil.
Ach an bhfíric go bhfuil an cruth an chórais stáit inniu chomh nua-aimseartha sin cuireann sé seo le dara conclúid, ag dul i dtreo beagnach os coinne. Is cinnte go gcuireann na huimhreacha i gcuimhne dúinn go bhfuil treocht i dtreo na n-uaireanta neamh-réalta ach d'fhéadfadh siad a mholadh freisin nach bhfuil an córas socraithe ar aon bhealach agus go bhfuil sé faoi réir athraithe.
Chun é seo a chur i bpeirspictíocht, nuair a rugadh mo sheantuismitheoirí thart ar 120-125 bliain ó shin, bhí níos lú ná 50 stát ar domhan. Tá an líon tar éis a bheith ceithre uachtar in ceithre ghlúin. Agus don chéad trí nó ceithre ghlúin eile? Ceithre huaire chomh mór nó ceithre huaire chomh beag nó cá bhfuil siad idir?
Cuireann úrnuacht agus athrú féideartha an chórais stáit conclúid eile ar bun, a thagann chun cinn mar an dá cheann tosaigh díreach as breathnú ar na huimhreacha simplí: tá an córas lán éagsúlachta. Tá cineálacha éagsúla ann, agus difríochtaí laistigh de gach cineál, ag freagairt do difríochtaí i gcultúr, i stair agus i bhforbairt.
Is ceisteanna simplí iad seo le cur agus conclúidí simplí le tarraingt - fiú amháin do dhaoine simplithe, aontaím, ach tá siad tábhachtach go léir. D'fhéadfadh dearmad a dhéanamh orthu a thabhairt duit go dona ar an mbealach mícheart.
An cuspóir atá ag na stáit
Mar sin, ceist shimplí eile: cén fáth an stát? Pléigh.
I dtéarmaí saor ó luachanna, is é cuspóir stáit an chumhacht a eagrú. Eagraíonn an stát nua-aimseartha cumhacht le méid níos mó réamhtheachtachta agus marthanachta, de ghnáth bunaithe ar dhlí, ná cineálacha roimhe sin. Ní athraíonn críoch úinéirí (nó fiú stáit iomlána ag teacht agus ag dul) mar gheall ar phósadh anseo nó ar chomhghuaillíocht ansin. Fiú amháin an sean-chleachtas chun críoch a ghearradh trí chogadh, tá sé imithe i neamhúsáid agus tá sé tamall ó bhí comhdháil mhór idirnáisiúnta ag gearradh amach píosaí talún a rialú ag na buaiteoirí i gcogadh le déanaí agus a gcomhghuaillithe. D'fhéadfadh go mbeadh stáit lá atá inniu ann lag nó láidir trí bhearta éagsúla, d'fhéadfadh a dteorainneacha a bheith te nó porous, a gcuid airgeadais láidir nó creagach agus a gcuid rialtais ag teacht agus ag dul ach maireann siad agus soláthraíonn siad an creat eagraithe cumhachta sa chríoch sin.
Is cosúil liomsa go bhfuil sé sin ina fhíric. Is é an rud a fhanann le díospóireacht ná conas a eagraíonn stáit aonair an chumhacht, chun na gcríoch agus chun tairbhe cé.
an cuspóir a bheith caillte
Sa phost seo ba mhaith liom é seo a iniúchadh trí dul chuig na cásanna iomarcacha; i gceann amach anseo, féachfaidh mé ar chásanna níos caighdeánaí.
Toisc go nglactar leis an gcóras stáit mar rud ar leith agus go bhfágtar é gan scrúdú, tagann smaointe aisteach agus paradoxical faoi pholaitíocht isteach inár ndíospóireacht. Ceann de na smaointe sin ná an smaoineamh ar "spáis neamhrialtáilte", a tháinig chun cinn ó chiorcail bheaga saineolaithe straitéiseacha chun dul isteach i bhfocalraic phríomhshrutha polaitiúil. Úsáidtear é go minic chun cur isteach na Fraince i Maile a údarú agus, is dóichí go leor, go gcloisfimid níos mó de i ndáil le hAfganastáin tar éis na fórsaí eachtracha a tharraingt siar in 2014 agus is dócha go mbeidh sí sa tSiria freisin.
Is téarma é a chruthaíonn fadhbanna ar a laghad chomh mór agus a réitíonn sé. Tugann sé le fios go bhfuil ceist fíor ann ach go ndéanann sé mí-mhíniú air. Léiríonn alt ag Yvan Guichaoua go úsáideach é i gcomhthéacs idirghabhála Mhalí, ag taispeáint conas a bhfuil a bhun-amhras go bhfuil "terrorists have established their stronghold in a political vacuum" implicitly exonerates from blame those who had authority and responsibility. Is é an loighic a leanann ón bharúil seo ná gurb é an bealach chun an ghéarchéim a réiteach ná "an riarachán dlisteanach" a thógáil, rud a chiallaíonn, a mhaíonn Guichaoua, ag brath ar na bróicéirí cumhachta agus na húdaráis i Bamako a bhfuil freagracht mhór orthu as an mbaol atá ag an tír.
Cosúil leis an gcoincheap a bhaineann go dlúth le stáit theipthe ar ais sna 1990idí, a d'fhorbair ina dhiaidh sin go dtí na stáit theipthe níos nuanced ach chomh neamhchabhrach, a cuireadh an téarma stáit bhriste níos nuanced agus go leor cabhrach in ionad, tá coincheap spáis neamhrialtáilte ag tabhairt tuairimí neamh-scrúdaithe ar cad é an rialachas agus cad é an stát. Tá na coincheapa seo ag dearmad ar an éagsúlacht iarbhír atá ag na stáit agus cuireann siad raon caol ar bun an Fhrainc, an Bhreatain, Meiriceá nó an tSualainn. Gan rud ar bith a fháil ar féidir leis na coincheapa sin de stáit a aithint i gcríoch áirithe - de ghnáth tír iomlán do stát "fhéillithe" nó "fhásúil" ach na laethanta seo ní féidir ach cuid de a thuilleamh an lipéad "spáis neamhrialtáilte" - is é an temptation ná gan ach falamh a aithint.
Is dóigh liom go bhfuil an téarma "stáit bhuartha" níos úsáideacha toisc go bhfuil fírinne géar sa mheitear de bhrúchasacht go mbeadh sé go maith ag cumhachtaí lasmuigh níos mó a urramú ná mar a dhéanann siad de ghnáth. Ach má úsáidtear é mícheart, tagann sé freisin chun ciall a thabhairt do neamhbhailí, gan údarás, gan chumhacht bileog bán páipéir.
Má oibríonn tú ar an mbonn sin, is cinnte go gcuirfidh sé tú ar an mbóthar mícheart maidir le tuiscint a fháil ar na fadhbanna a bhíonn ag daoine coitianta a bhfuil cónaí orthu sna cúinsí neamhshláintiúla sin agus maidir le tuiscint a fháil ar an méid a d'fhéadfaí a dhéanamh chun feabhas ginearálta a chur ar fáil. Ciallaíonn sé gan aghaidh a thabhairt ar réaltachtaí na cumhachta sa áit sin. Ní hé an fhírinne nach bhfuil aon chumhacht nó údarás ann ach go gcuireann an bealach a eagraítear agus a úsáidtear cumhacht agus údarás daoine coitianta i staid neamhshlándála uafásach.
Tá sé léirithe arís agus arís eile i dtíortha a scriosadh le cogadh agus éagobhsaíocht thromchúiseach - mar shampla, an Liobáin sna 1980idí, an tSomáil sna 1990idí, oirthear an Chongó le cuid mhór de na 15 bliana anuas, snáitheanna d'Afganastáin agus na hAlban inniu - go bhfuil cineálacha eile cumhachta éifeachtach ann seachas an ceann a chónaíonn sa stát nua-aimseartha. Tá sé seo fíor freisin i suíomhanna uirbeacha sna cathracha móra, ina bhfuil cuid acu ina limistéir neamh-imeartha do na hionadaithe an stáit, nó ina bhfuil córais chumhachta comhthreomhar go héifeachtach.
Is é an fhírinne sin a neamhaird ná an anailís a dhéanamh mícheart. Mar a léirigh tuarascáil Alert Idirnáisiúnta ar oirthear na Cóngó, bíonn sé sin mar thoradh ar an bpobal idirnáisiúnta réitigh a chur chun cinn nach n-oibreoidh agus a chuireann le himeacht ama iarracht agus acmhainní a chaitheamh.
Is iad na rudaí a dtugtar go minic "spáis neamhrialtáilte" i ndáiríre "spáis a rialaítear ar bhealaí agus ag daoine a cheapann daoine eile gur na bealaí mícheart iad agus na daoine mícheart iad".
Agus is iad na stáit a bhí ar a dtugtar "stáit theipthe" nó "stáit theipthe" ná stáit ina bhfuil an chumhacht eagraithe ar bhealach a, go ginearálta, is ionsaitheach dúinn féin agus duit.
Ach is cumhacht é agus is stáit iad - agus más mian le duine ar bith againn cuidiú le rud éigin a dhéanamh faoi na mí-úsáidí, ní mór dúinn aird a thabhairt air sin. |
New Defender's Study Bible Notes
10:25 Peleg. Peleg means “division,” and he was apparently given the name by Eber because of the great event that took place just before his birth. He may also have given his name to the Pelasgians.
10:25 the earth divided. The “division” that took place was, most likely, the traumatic upheaval at Babel. A division in Genesis 10:5,32, is mentioned, where the division is “after his tongue.” Nimrod was in the same generation as Eber, and this is the only place in the Table of Nations where the meaning of a son’s name is given, indicating the importance of the event it commemorated. However, it is true that two different words are used (Pelag in Genesis 10:25, parad in Genesis 10:5,32). Although the two words are essentially synonymous, this might indicate a different type of division. Many Bible teachers have suggested, therefore, that Genesis 10:25 might refer to a splitting of the single post-Flood continent into the present continents of the world. They associated the modern scientific model of sea-floor spreading and continental drifting with this verse. It should be remembered, however, that the continental drift hypothesis has by no means been proved; and the verse seems to refer more directly to the division into families, countries and languages. Furthermore, even if the continents have separated from a single primeval continent, such a split more likely would have occurred in connection with the continental uplifts terminating the global deluge (Psalm 104:6-9). | <urn:uuid:b1d61080-c563-41fc-9e77-70ff95a3d683> | CC-MAIN-2023-14 | https://www.icr.org/bible/genesis/10/25/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296945248.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20230324051147-20230324081147-00198.warc.gz | en | 0.970672 | 340 | 3.171875 | 3 | Nótaí Saothair Béarla an Chosaintéir Nua
10:25 Peleg. Ciallaíonn Peleg eagrú, agus is cosúil gur thug Eber an t-ainm air mar gheall ar an ócáid mhór a tharla díreach roimh a bhreith. D'fhéadfadh sé a ainm a thabhairt do na Pelasgians freisin.
10:25 an talamh roinnte. Is dócha gurbh é an 'deighilt' a tharla ná an t-athrú traumatic ag Babel. Tugtar lua ar an dáileadh i Genesis 10:5,32, áit a bhfuil an dáileadh tar éis a theanga. Bhí Nimrod sa ghlúin chéanna le Eber, agus is é seo an t-aon áit sa Tábla Náisiún ina dtugtar brí ainm mac, ag léiriú tábhacht na himeachta a comóradh. Mar sin féin, is fíor go n-úsáidtear dhá fhocal dhifriúil (Pelag i Genesis 10:25, parad i Genesis 10:5, 32). Cé go bhfuil an dá fhocal comhchiallach go bunúsach, d'fhéadfadh sé seo a léiriú cineál difriúil deighilte. Mar sin, tá a lán múinteoirí Bíobla ag moladh go bhféadfadh Genesis 10:25 tagairt a dhéanamh do roinnt an mhór-roinn amháin tar éis an Tuilte ina mhór-roinn reatha ar domhan. Chuir siad an tsamhail eolaíoch nua-aimseartha maidir le scaipeadh an bhoinn farraige agus le díriú mór-roinn i gcomhar leis an véarsa seo. Ba chóir a mheabhrú, áfach, nach ndearnadh an hipitéis um thréimhse mór-roinn a chruthú ar chor ar bith; agus is cosúil go dtagraíonn an véarsa níos díreach don roinn i dteaghlaigh, i dtíortha agus i dteangacha. Ina theannta sin, fiú má tá na mór-roinn scaradh ó mhór-roinn amháin primordial, bheadh an scoilt sin níos dóchúla tar éis tarlú i ndáil leis na uplifts mór-roinne ag críochnú an tuile domhanda (Salm 104:6-9). |
Hello everyone, welcome to my blog! In this blog I hope to share with you some of the ideas which I have, and also hope to hear from you about yourself. Let us all enjoy our interactions together as we go through our Communications Module 150 in DigiPen Institute of Singapore.
Hi guys, I am Wee Zhen Yang. Today I am going to touch on the topic communication.
What is Communication?
Communication is a basic form of relating with others and expressing one’s views and opinions. In the interpersonal domain, effective communications must consist of carefully spoken words and one must be very conscious of one’s own nonverbal gestures, eye contact, facial expressions and body language.
My Strengths in Communication
One of my strengths in communication is being able to read between the lines of what people say when they are talking to each other. I can sense emotions hidden within their words, be it negative or positive. Knowing this, I would try to empathetically convey what I feel to them so as not to offend them or cause any conflict between myself and others. I also have good presentation skills. For example, I always establish eye contact when presenting to an audiences to show my interest in them, using an enthusiastic voice to liven the mood. I also prompt the audience
with thought provoking questions which makes them think of different
alternatives and scenarios which could happen. The application of this strategy
of audience-centred communication where a presenter activates prior schemata by
engaging audiences to provide answers on what they already know. Audiences who
feel valued for their past experiences will pay more attention to what is being
My Weakness in Communication
Despite knowing how to present effectively, I have some issues in communications which include interacting in social settings. This difficulty arises from a combination of factors. Firstly, I lack confidence in myself, where I worry over what others think of what I say and how I portray myself in social settings. These difficulties arise when I meet and interact with diverse types of people who have other ways of communicating that are different from my own. I find alpha males or dominant people intimidating. They are usually the type of people who are very single minded where they only accept their way of doing things. For example, during one of my lectures, I was in a group with two dominant guys. When I was confused and asked certain questions or raised an idea, it was not looked at favourably nor was the question replied to at all. There was always a power struggle as it was usually the popular people who were more dominant where their views are accepted while the view of others are brushed aside. Worse, some use the ideas which were thought of by other people, but some people claim it for themselves, which is demeaning. Domineering people tend to put other people down to feel and appear superior. Hence, I have difficulty accepting them.
My Goals for the Module
What I hope to take away from Communications and Interpersonal Work Communications is how to handle difficult situations better. Examples of such situations include group work with members who are stubborn and refuse to listen to others, or people with a huge ego who think they know everything. I would like to handle difficult people and not let them affect me emotionally as some of their behaviour might be very draining for me on a day-to-day basis. This allows me to sustain a healthy relationship when there are group projects to do together. | <urn:uuid:434fcdf8-3c12-46e2-b74d-fd04e43e8c5a> | CC-MAIN-2017-26 | http://weezhenyang.blogspot.com/2017/05/final-draft-of-first-post_26.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128321306.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20170627083142-20170627103142-00639.warc.gz | en | 0.97535 | 700 | 2.8125 | 3 | Dia duit go léir, fáilte roimh mo bhlag! Sa bhlag seo tá súil agam roinnt de na smaointe atá agam a roinnt leat, agus tá súil agam freisin go gcloisfidh tú uait féin. Lig dúinn go léir taitneamh a bhaint as ár n-idirghníomhaíochtaí le chéile agus muid ag dul tríd ár Modúl Cumarsáide 150 in Institiúid DigiPen na Singeapóire.
Hi guys, tá mé Wee Zhen Yang. Inniu beidh mé ag dul a chur i dteagmháil leis an ábhar cumarsáide.
Cad é Cumarsáid?
Is foirm bhunúsach é cumarsáide chun caidreamh a dhéanamh le daoine eile agus chun tuairimí agus tuairimí a chur in iúl. I réimse idirphearsanta, ní mór cumarsáid éifeachtach a bheith ann de na focail a labhraítear go cúramach agus ní mór do dhuine a bheith an-chomhfhiosach faoina ghnéithe neamhbhriathracha féin, teagmháil súl, focail aghaidh agus teanga choirp.
Mo Múnlaí i gCumarsáid
Ceann de na tréithe láidre atá agam i dteagmháil ná go bhfuil mé in ann léamh idir na línte a deir daoine nuair a bhíonn siad ag caint lena chéile. Is féidir liom mothúcháin a bhraitheann i bhfolach ina gcuid focal, bíodh siad diúltach nó dearfach. Agus é sin á fhios agam, déanaim iarracht mo bhrionglóid a chur in iúl dóibh go comhfhiosach ionas nach gcuirfidh mé isteach orthu ná go gcuirfidh mé aon choimhlint idir mé féin agus daoine eile. Tá scileanna cur i láthair maith agam freisin. Mar shampla, déanaim teagmháil súl i gcónaí nuair a bhíonn mé ag cur i láthair do lucht féachana chun a thaispeáint go bhfuil suim agam iontu, ag úsáid guth díograiseach chun an giúmar a spreagadh. Iarraim freisin ar an lucht féachana
le ceisteanna spreagúla a chuireann smaointe éagsúla ar intinn acu
roghanna agus cásanna a d'fhéadfadh tarlú. An straitéis seo a chur i bhfeidhm
an cumarsáid atá dírithe ar an lucht féachana ina gcuireann an t-aisteoir scéimeanna roimhe seo i ngníomh trí
a chur i dteagmháil le lucht féachana chun freagraí a thabhairt ar a bhfuil a fhios acu cheana féin. Daoine a
go mbraitheann siad luachmhar as a dtaithí roimhe seo beidh aird níos mó a thabhairt ar an méid atá á dhéanamh
Mo Laigse i gCumarsáid
In ainneoin go bhfuil a fhios agam conas a chur i láthair go héifeachtach, tá roinnt fadhbanna agam i gcumarsáid a chuimsíonn idirghníomhú i suíomhanna sóisialta. Tá cúis le teaglaim fachtóirí leis an deacracht seo. Ar dtús, níl muinín agam i mo chuid féin, áit a bhfuil imní orm faoi na rudaí a cheapann daoine eile de na rudaí a deirim agus conas a léiríonn mé mé féin i suíomhanna sóisialta. Tosaíonn na deacrachtaí seo nuair a bhuail mé agus a idirghníomhaím le cineálacha éagsúla daoine a bhfuil bealaí cumarsáide eile acu atá difriúil ón gceann féin. Fuaimeann mé fir alfa nó daoine ceannasacha a chuireann eagla orthu. Is gnách gurb iad na daoine seo an cineál daoine a bhfuil a n-intinn an-aon áit nach nglacann siad ach lena mbealach chun rudaí a dhéanamh. Mar shampla, le linn mo chuid léachta, bhí mé i ngrúpa le beirt bhuachaillí ceannasacha. Nuair a bhí mé mearbhall agus a d'iarr mé ceisteanna áirithe nó a d'ardaigh smaoineamh, ní raibh sé ag breathnú go fabhrach ná ní raibh an cheist a fhreagairt ar chor ar bith. Bhí streachailt chumhachta ann i gcónaí mar is gnách gurbh iad na daoine tóir a bhí níos mó ceannasacha nuair a ghlacfar lena gcuid tuairimí agus go ndéantar tuairimí daoine eile a scriosadh. Níos measa fós, úsáideann cuid acu na smaointe a cheap daoine eile, ach éilíonn daoine eile iad dóibh féin, rud atá íoslaghdaitheach. Is gnách go gcuireann daoine atá ag iarraidh a bheith i gceannas ar dhaoine eile síos chun a bheith níos fearr ná iad féin agus chun iad a chur i láthair. Dá bhrí sin, tá deacracht agam glacadh leo.
Mo Spriocanna don Módúl
Is é an rud a bhfuil súil agam a ghlacadh ar shiúl ó Cumarsáid agus Cumarsáid Idirphearsanta Oibre ná conas déileáil le cásanna deacra níos fearr. I measc samplaí de chásanna den sórt sin tá obair ghrúpa le baill atá stuama agus a dhiúltaíonn éisteacht le daoine eile, nó daoine a bhfuil ego ollmhór acu a cheapann go bhfuil a fhios acu gach rud. Ba mhaith liom daoine deacra a láimhseáil agus gan ligean dóibh tionchar a imirt orm go mothúchánach mar d'fhéadfadh cuid dá n-iompar a bheith an-dhlúth dom ar bhonn laethúil. Ligeann sé seo dom caidreamh sláintiúil a chothabháil nuair a bhíonn tionscadail ghrúpa le déanamh le chéile. |
Picture yourself in an operating room. The patient is lying on the table while a machine breathes for them, making a steady, rhythmic beep. The room is full of nurses and doctors clad in scrubs. The head surgeon turns to you and barks “Scalpel!” You entered the room earlier to prepare all of the necessary equipment. You know your tray is full of ordered, sterile tools, and you know exactly which scalpel the surgeon needs. You pick up the scalpel, hand it to the surgeon, and the surgery begins.
If that sounds exciting to you, consider training as a surgical technologist. You can complete your training in several months or take two years to earn an associate’s degree, depending on the program you enter. After you are trained in surgical technology, you can a growing field that allows you to be a valued member of surgical teams responsible for saving patients’ lives. You will be able to make a difference in your community while providing for your family.
Most programs require only a high school degree to start training. You will learn anatomy, medical terminology, and biology. Surgical technology classes offer clinical training to ensure you are ready to start working the first day you start a new job. You will be fully trained in sterilization and preventing infections. Although certification is not required, you can become certified after passing an exam or working in the field for a year.
According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the need for surgical technologists is expected to grow 19 percent by 2020 in response to the aging population. Although most technologists work in hospitals, some also work at outpatient surgery centers, doctors’ offices, or dentists’ offices. Work schedules vary, with some positions requiring nights, time on call, or long shifts. Surgical technology requires a strong stomach and the ability to handle blood, bodily fluids, and gore.
Working in surgical technology gives you the opportunity to learn about the human body and the human psyche. You may be responsible for interviewing patients before surgery or giving post-surgery instructions. You will participate in a variety of surgeries and work with nurses and doctors on a regular basis. Surgical technology is an excellent stepping stone to advanced medical positions or a good career for compassionate individuals looking for excitement. If you can handle the gore, the training, and the long hours, you can enjoy working in surgical technology. | <urn:uuid:52fa05b2-ba6e-4751-a240-57f9435fcc3e> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://technicianschool.com/2012/surgical-technology/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368696382398/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516092622-00071-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.943378 | 489 | 3.09375 | 3 | Samhlaigh go bhfuil tú i seomra oibriúcháin. Tá an t-othar ina luí ar an mbord agus an meaisín ag anailís dó, ag déanamh píopa seasta, rithimiciúil. Tá an seomra lán le altraí agus dochtúirí atá cothraithe i scrubs. Téann an príomh-churaclóir chugat agus labhraíonn sé Scalpel! Chuaigh tú isteach sa seomra níos luaithe chun an trealamh riachtanach go léir a ullmhú. Tá a fhios agat go bhfuil do thrá lán de uirlisí ordú, steiriliúla, agus tá a fhios agat go díreach cén scalpel a theastaíonn ón máinliachtóir. Tógann tú an scalpel, cuireann tú ar an máinliachtóir é, agus tosaíonn an máinliacht.
Má tá sé sin spreagúil duit, smaoinigh ar oiliúint mar theicneolaí máinliachta. Is féidir leat do thráthnóna a chríochnú i roinnt míonna nó dhá bhliain a thógáil chun céim chomhlachú a thuilleamh, ag brath ar an gclár a théann tú isteach ann. Tar éis duit a bheith oilte i dteicneolaíocht máinliachta, is féidir leat réimse atá ag fás a ligeann duit a bheith ina bhall luachmhar de fhoirne máinliachta atá freagrach as saol othair a shábháil. Beidh tú in ann athrú a dhéanamh i do phobal agus tú ag soláthar do theaghlaigh.
Ní gá ach céim ardscoile a bheith ag an gcuid is mó de na cláir chun tús a chur le hoiliúint. Foghlaimfidh tú anatamaíocht, téarmaíocht leighis, agus bith-eolaíocht. Soláthraíonn ranganna teicneolaíochta máinliachta oiliúint chliniciúil chun a chinntiú go bhfuil tú réidh le tosú ag obair an chéad lá a thosaíonn tú ag obair. Beidh tú a bheith go hiomlán oiliúnaithe i sterilization agus ionfhabhtuithe a chosc. Cé nach gá deimhniú a fháil, is féidir leat deimhniú a fháil tar éis duit scrúdú a dhéanamh nó bliain a bheith ag obair sa réimse.
De réir an Bhille um Staitisticí Oibre, táthar ag súil go dtiocfaidh méadú 19 faoin gcéad ar an ngá le teicneolaithe máinliachta faoi 2020 mar fhreagra ar an daonra atá ag dul in aois. Cé go n-oibríonn an chuid is mó de na teicneolaithe in ospidéil, oibríonn cuid acu freisin i lárionaid máinliachta ospidéil, in oifigí dochtúirí nó in oifigí fiaclóirí. Tá sceidil oibre éagsúil, agus éilíonn roinnt poist oíche, am ar ghlaoch, nó siúlóidí fada. Éilíonn teicneolaíocht máinliachta stamag láidir agus an cumas a bheith ag déileáil le fuil, le leachtacha coirp, agus le gor.
Ag obair i dteicneolaíocht máinliachta tugann sé deis duit foghlaim faoi chorp an duine agus an psyche daonna. D'fhéadfadh go mbeadh sé de fhreagracht ort agallamh a dhéanamh le hothair roimh an máinliacht nó treoracha a thabhairt i ndiaidh an máinliachta. Beidh tú rannpháirteach i gcúrsaí máinliachta éagsúla agus oibreoidh tú go rialta le hoibrithe altraí agus le dochtúirí. Is céim iontach í teicneolaíocht na máinliachta chun poist ardleighis nó gairme maith a fháil do dhaoine atá comhfhiosach agus atá ag lorg spraoi. Má fhéadann tú an gore, an oiliúint, agus na huaireanta fada a láimhseáil, is féidir leat taitneamh a bhaint as obair sa teicneolaíocht máinliachta. |
Colorado has a rich history when it comes to latino politics. From the early days of the Chicano Movement, to the election of America’s first latina senator, latinos have had a large impact on the political landscape of Colorado. In this article, we will explore the history of latino politics in Colorado, and discuss some of the most important issues affecting this community today.
The Chicano Movement of the 1960s and 70s was a major political movement among latino communities in Colorado. It was created to fight for civil rights and equal opportunity for all Chicanos, or Mexican-Americans. The movement helped elect the first latino congressman from Colorado, and it has continued to shape the political landscape of the state ever since.
Today, latinos make up nearly 20% of Colorado’s population and are an important voting bloc in statewide elections. In 2018, Jared Polis became the first openly gay governor in United States history, thanks in part to strong support from latino voters throughout the state. Other important races have also had a large impact on Latino politics in Colorado. For instance, U.S. Senator Michael Bennet, who was elected in 2009, received a majority of his votes from Latino voters.
The Chicano Movement also helped create awareness about issues facing the latino community and has had an impact on public policy. Groups like Voces Unidas have been instrumental in fighting for reforms such as increased funding for bilingual education programs and improved access to healthcare services. The movement has also inspired local activism on a variety of social justice issues, including immigration reform and workers’ rights.
In addition to its political implications, the Chicano Movement has left a lasting cultural legacy that continues to shape Colorado’s vibrant latino culture today. From celebrating Dia de los Muertos to preserving traditional music and dance styles, Colorado’s latino community remains deeply connected to its Mexican-American roots. The Chicano Movement has also had a major influence on the arts, with many local artists drawing inspiration from the struggle for equality and justice. Today, Colorado is home to numerous organizations dedicated to preserving traditional Hispanic culture and art forms, including galleries, museums, and performance venues that celebrate the unique heritage of Chicanos in Colorado.
Colorado’s Latino community is rich and vibrant, with a deep history steeped in Mexican-American culture. From the Chicano Movement to contemporary art galleries and museums, the state has much to offer in terms of traditional Hispanic culture. No matter where one goes in Colorado, it is clear that there are many ways for individuals to celebrate their heritage and maintain strong connections to their roots. With its long-standing commitment to preserving its cultural identity, Colorado remains an excellent destination for those looking to explore the rich cultural traditions of Latin America. Latino Politics Colorado. | <urn:uuid:35ee143c-4ab7-4b12-bc65-48b592368ac4> | CC-MAIN-2023-14 | https://powerbusinesssolutions.com/latino-politics-in-colorado-everything-you-need-to-know.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296950247.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20230401191131-20230401221131-00392.warc.gz | en | 0.962957 | 573 | 3.59375 | 4 | Tá stair shaibhir ag Colorado maidir le polaitíocht Laidineach. Ó thús na laethanta de na Chicano Gluaiseacht, chun an toghchán na Meiriceá chéad Latina Seanadóir, Latinos bhí tionchar mór ar an tírdhreach polaitiúil de Colorado. San alt seo, déanfaimid iniúchadh ar stair na polaitíochta Laidineach i Colorado, agus plé a dhéanamh ar roinnt de na saincheisteanna is tábhachtaí a théann i bhfeidhm ar an bpobal seo inniu.
Ba ghluaiseacht mhór polaitiúil i measc phobail Laidineacha i Colorado é Gluaiseacht Chicano na 1960idí agus na 70idí. Cruthaíodh é chun troid ar son chearta sibhialta agus cothrom deiseanna do gach Chicanos, nó Meicsiceo-Mheiriceánaigh. Chabhraigh an gluaiseacht leis an gcéad chomhalta comhdhála Laidineach a thoghadh ó Colorado, agus lean sé ag cruthú tírdhreach polaitiúil an stáit ó shin i leith.
Sa lá atá inniu ann, is ionann Latinos agus beagnach 20% de dhaonra Colorado agus is bloc vótála tábhachtach iad i dtoghcháin ar fud an stáit. In 2018, ba é Jared Polis an chéad gobharnóir a bhí a leithéid de dhaoine a bhí a leithéid de dhaoine a leithéid de dhaoine a leithéid de dhaoine a leithéid de dhaoine a leithéid de dhaoine a leithéid de dhaoine a leithéid de dhaoine a leithéid de dhaoine a leithéid de dhaoine. Bhí tionchar mór ag rásaí tábhachtacha eile ar pholaitíocht Laidineach i Colorado freisin. Mar shampla, U.S. Fuair an Seanadóir Michael Bennet, a toghadh in 2009, tromlach a vótaí ó vótálaithe Laidineach.
Chabhraigh Gluaiseacht Chicano freisin le feasacht a chruthú faoi shaincheisteanna a raibh aghaidh ag an bpobal Laidineach orthu agus bhí tionchar aige ar bheartas poiblí. Bhí grúpaí cosúil le Voces Unidas ina n-aimsire chun athchóirithe a dhéanamh, mar shampla maoiniú méadaithe do chláir oideachais dhátheangacha agus rochtain níos fearr ar sheirbhísí cúraim sláinte. Chuir an gluaiseacht spreagadh ar ghníomhaíocht áitiúil maidir le saincheisteanna éagsúla ceartais shóisialta, lena n-áirítear athchóiriú inimirce agus cearta oibrithe.
Chomh maith lena impleachtaí polaitiúla, d'fhág Gluaiseacht Chicano oidhreacht chultúrtha buan a leanann de chultúr laethúil bheogach Laidineach Colorado a mhúnlú inniu. Ó cheiliúradh Dia de los Muertos go stíleanna ceoil agus damhsa traidisiúnta a chaomhnú, tá pobal Laidineach Colorado ceangailte go domhain lena fréamhacha Mheicsiceo-Mheiriceánach. Bhí tionchar mór ag an Ghluaiseacht Chicano ar na healaíona freisin, agus d'éirigh le go leor ealaíontóirí áitiúla a bheith spreagtha ag an streachailt ar son comhionannais agus ceartais. Sa lá atá inniu ann, tá Colorado ina bhaile d'eagraíochtaí iomadúla atá tiomanta do chúrsaí cultúir agus ealaín traidisiúnta Hispanic a chaomhnú, lena n-áirítear gailearaí, músaeim, agus áiteanna feidhmíochta a cheiliúrann oidhreacht uathúil Chicanos i Colorado.
Tá pobal Laidineach Colorado saibhir agus beoga, le stair throm i gcultúr Mheicsiceo-Mheiriceánach. Óna Ghluaiseacht Chicano go gailearaí ealaíne comhaimseartha agus músaeim, tá go leor le tairiscint ag an stát i dtéarmaí cultúr traidisiúnta Hispanic. Is cuma cá dtéann duine i Colorado, is léir go bhfuil go leor bealaí ann do dhaoine aonair a n-oidhreacht a cheiliúradh agus naisc láidir lena gcuid fréamhacha a chothabháil. Le tiomantas fada a bheith aige chun a shainaithint chultúrtha a chaomhnú, tá Colorado fós ina cheann scríbe den scoth dóibh siúd atá ag iarraidh traidisiúin shaibhre chultúrtha Mheiriceá Laidineach a iniúchadh. Polaitíocht Laidineach Colorado. |
The appearance of vivid bluebell carpets in British woodlands is a sure and spectacular sign of spring. Bluebells – Hyacinthoides non-scripta (L.) Chouard ex Rothm – are Britain’s favourite wildflower and particularly fine carpets attract visitors to well-known sites such as Kew Gardens in London and Coed Cefn in Powys, Wales.
Bluebells also form carpets without a wooded canopy – for example, on Skomer Island in Wales – and point to the locations of ancient forests, long after the trees themselves have vanished. This is because, unlike trees, bluebells have most of their biomass and reproductive organs (the bulb) below ground where they are better protected.
They certainly are worth treasuring. It is estimated that Britain is home to half the world’s population of bluebells. But they are now threatened by the introduction of the related Spanish bluebell, (Hyacinthoides hispanica), leading to hybridisation and loss of habitat. Once removed, it takes decades to establish a population of bluebells large enough to create the characteristic carpets.
They are beautiful flowers, but have you ever wondered how bluebells pull off an even more impressive feat: being in their flowering prime when other plants have only just started to grow? Here are seven of their cleverest tricks.
1) The cold triggers growth: While most plants require a number of hours above a certain temperature before they start growing again, bluebells are dormant during the heat of the summer. Instead, their seeds are triggered to germinate when the temperature drops below 10°C, allowing them to get a vital head start and be in full bloom when spring finally arrives.
2) They dig deep: Bluebells have contractile roots, which pull the bulb deeper and deeper into the soil with every year of growth. This protects the bulb from frost, which starts from the soil surface, and temperature fluctuations, and provides better access to water in drought conditions.
3) They use fructans as reserve carbohydrates: While most plants use glucose and build starch or cellulose, bluebells predominantly convert sunlight into fructose, from which they build fructans. This adaptation allows them to photosynthesise at temperatures below 10°C. The plant’s large bulb comprises up to 70% fructans, which fuels their winter growth.
Fructans also serve another purpose, minimising the formation of new cells and causing existing cells to elongate instead. This is an advantage because the plants can grow without biosynthesising all the material needed to make new cells. You can see the effects of this by looking at a bluebell’s leaves: at first, they are firm and upright, but gradually lose their rigidity as the cells elongate.
4) They spear through any obstacles: The leaves that emerge from the bulb are as close to each other as possible and shaped like a spear with a small, sharp tip. This allows them to find their way through any obstacle – both below and above ground. When the leaves start emerging in mid-winter, there tends to be a lot of dead leaf matter and other detritus lying on the forest floor. Having an arsenal of little spears is critical for punching your way through this into the sunlight.
5) They cooperate: Bluebells are known to cooperate with mycorrhiza – symbiotic fungi. The fungi obtains carbon from the bluebell in exchange for nutrients, particularly phosphorus. Both parties win, thanks to their use of a wood wide web.
6) … and compete: Phosphorus is an important resource for plants – and bluebells “know” it. As well as securing their supply of it with the help of mycorrhiza, they also restrict the supply available to other plants. They do this by storing phosphorus in the form of phytate, which can only be converted into a usable form with specialised enzymes.
7) They shape their surroundings: Bluebells engineer the soil and their environment to optimally support their own kind while making it harder for other species to grow. As well as storing phosphorus in the form of phytate, and using fructans instead of glucose-based polymers, they quite literally win the turf war by carpeting the space above ground. | <urn:uuid:9bf3cb68-e3bc-4df9-9158-a55ae4aa1c51> | CC-MAIN-2017-30 | https://theconversation.com/bloomageddon-seven-clever-ways-bluebells-win-the-woodland-turf-war-74086 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-30/segments/1500549423774.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20170721122327-20170721142327-00408.warc.gz | en | 0.953312 | 900 | 3.921875 | 4 | Is comhartha cinnte agus iontach é an chuma ar charrchlóirí bluebell beoga i bhforaoisí na Breataine ar an earrach. Is iad na bluebells Hyacinthoides non-scripta (L.) Chouard ex Rothm na bláthanna fiáine is fearr le Breataine agus tarraingíonn an-charrtaí fíneáil cuairteoirí chuig suíomhanna cáiliúla mar Kew Gardens i Londain agus Coed Cefn i Powys, an Bhreatain Bheag.
Tá an t-amhrán seo ar fáil i dteach ar bith ar an suíomh seo, ach ní féidir leis an t-amhrán a chur ar fáil ar an suíomh seo. Tá sé seo toisc, murab ionann agus crainn, go bhfuil an chuid is mó dá bithmhaise agus dá n-orgáin atáirgthe (an bol) faoi thalamh ag bluebells áit a bhfuil cosaint níos fearr acu.
Is cinnte gur fiú iad a cháilíocht. Meastar go bhfuil leath de phobal na bluebells ar domhan sa Bhreatain. Ach tá siad faoi bhagairt anois ag tabhairt isteach an bluebell Spáinnis gaolmhar, (Hyacinthoides hispanica), rud a fhágann go bhfuil hibridíocht agus caillteanas gnáthóga ann. Nuair a bhaintear as, tógann sé blianta fada chun daonra bluebells a bhunú atá mór go leor chun na ceilteacha tréithúla a chruthú.
Is bláthanna áille iad, ach an ndearna tú smaoineamh riamh ar an gcaoi a ndéanann bluebells feachtas níos suntasaí fós: a bheith ina gcuid bláthanna is fearr nuair nach bhfuil plandaí eile ach ag tosú ag fás? Seo seacht gcinn de na cleasanna is cliste atá acu.
1) Cuireann an fuar fás chun cinn: Cé go dteastaíonn roinnt uaireanta ó na plandaí go léir a bheith os cionn teocht áirithe sula dtosaíonn siad ag fás arís, bíonn na bluebells ag codladh le linn teas an tsamhraidh. Ina áit sin, spreagtar a gcuid síolta chun géarmhíniú nuair a thiteann an teocht faoi bhun 10°C, rud a ligeann dóibh tús ríthábhachtach a fháil agus a bheith i bpríomhfhuaim nuair a thagann an earrach sa deireadh.
2) Tá siad ag cladhach go domhain: Tá fréamhacha cónaidhme ag na bluebells, a tharraingíonn an bolg níos doimhne agus níos doimhne isteach sa ithir le gach bliain fáis. Cosnaíonn sé seo an bolg ó fhriota, a thosaíonn ó dhromchla an ithir, agus ó athruithe teocht, agus soláthraíonn sé rochtain níos fearr ar uisce i ndálaí triomachta.
3) Úsáidtear fructans mar charbaihiodráití cúlchiste: Cé go n-úsáideann an chuid is mó de na plandaí glúcóis agus go ndéanann siad cnámh nó cellulóis, déanann bluebells solas na gréine a thiontú go fructose, as a ndéanann siad fructans. Ligeann an t-oiriúnú seo dóibh fótasintéis a dhéanamh ag teochtaí faoi bhun 10°C. Tá suas le 70% de fructans i bolg mór an phlanda, rud a chuireann le fás an gheimhridh.
Feidhmíonn fruchtáin cuspóir eile freisin, ag laghdú foirmiú cealla nua agus ag cur le cealla atá ann cheana féin a fhadú ina ionad sin. Is buntáiste é seo toisc gur féidir leis na plandaí fás gan an t-ábhar go léir a theastaíonn chun cealla nua a dhéanamh a bithshintéisiú. Is féidir leat na héifeachtaí a fheiceáil trí fhéachaint ar duilleoga bluebell: ar dtús, tá siad daingean agus in airde, ach caillfidh siad a rigidity de réir a chéile de réir mar a bhíonn na cealla ag dul ar aghaidh.
4) Is féidir leo dul trí aon bhac: Tá na duilleoga a thagann amach as an bolg chomh gar lena chéile agus is féidir agus tá siad i bhfoirm spear le ceann beag, géar. Ligeann sé seo dóibh a mbealach a aimsiú trí aon chonstaic faoi thalamh agus os cionn talún araon. Nuair a thosaíonn na duilleoga ag teacht chun cinn i lár an gheimhridh, bíonn go leor ábhar duille marbh agus miotail eile ar an urlár foraoise. Tá sé ríthábhachtach go mbeadh arsanail de spears beag agat chun do bhealach a phuncháil tríd seo isteach i solas na gréine.
5) Comhoibríonn siad: Tá a fhios go gcomhoibríonn Bluebells le fungais siombaiceacha mycorrhiza . Faigheann na fungais carbóin ón bluebell mar mhalairt ar chothaithigh, go háirithe fosfar. Faigheann an dá pháirtí, a bhuíochas lena n-úsáid de ghréasán leathan adhmaid.
6) ... agus iomaíocht: Is acmhainn thábhachtach é fosfar do phlandaí agus tá a fhios ag bluebells é. Chomh maith lena soláthar a chinntiú le cabhair ó mycorrhiza, cuireann siad srian ar an soláthar atá ar fáil do phlandaí eile. Déantar é seo trí fhosfhor a stóráil i bhfoirm phytate, nach féidir a thiontú go foirm inúsáidte ach le heinsímí speisialaithe.
7) Déanann siad cruth ar a dtimpeallacht: Déanann na bluebells an ithir agus a dtimpeallacht a mhonarú chun tacú lena gcineál féin ar bhealach is fearr agus é a dhéanamh níos deacra do speicis eile fás. Chomh maith le fosfar a stóráil i bhfoirm phytate, agus fruchtáin a úsáid in ionad poilimeáin glúcóis-bhunaithe, bhuaigh siad go liteartha an cogadh troscáin trí charrbónna a dhéanamh ar an spás os cionn na talún. |
- Development & Aid
- Economy & Trade
- Human Rights
- Global Governance
- Civil Society
Saturday, December 7, 2013
- “You live there for free, don’t you?” asked a woman as she passed by the Buenaventura “corrala”, a community in a building in this southern Spanish city occupied since February by families evicted from their homes for falling behind in their mortgage payments due to unemployment.
“We don’t want any handouts. We want to pay, through a social rent scheme,” replied 42-year-old Yuli Fajardo, who was living in a tent before she found shelter along with some 40 other people in one of the 13 spacious apartments in this four-storey block of flats in the central Malaga neighbourhood of La Trinidad.
Occupations by homeless families of vacant buildings owned by banks or real estate agencies have multiplied throughout Spain since the economic and financial crisis broke out in 2007.
But as a collective phenomenon, the new wave of squats started in the nearby city of Seville with Corrala Utopía, a block of 36 apartments belonging to a bank that has been occupied since May 2012 by around a hundred people, 40 of them children, Juanjo García of the 15-M (the May 15 “indignados” – Spain’s Occupy movement) housing committee in Seville province told IPS.
They call themselves “corralas” to indicate that they are community and neighbourhood associations, similar to the concept of the typical buildings of that name with common courtyards and services that proliferated in working class neighbourhoods in Madrid and other Spanish cities in the 16th to 19th centuries.
The new squatter communities receive support and advice from social movements like 15-M, the Platform for Mortgage Victims (PAH) and Stop Desahucios (Stop Evictions).
The National Institute of Statistics (INE) reports that there are some 3.5 million vacant housing units in this country of 47 million people – nearly 14 percent of the housing stock – mainly in the hands of banks. There were a total of 363,000 evictions because of mortgage arrears and foreclosures between 2008 and 2012, according to a report published in January by PAH.
Yanira, 20, and her 18-year-old boyfriend José were renting a house until they lost their jobs and took refuge in Buenaventura, one of the four corralas in Málaga.
Montse, who has an 11-year-old daughter, also lost her job and could not afford to pay for housing. Macarena, the most recent addition to the community, lives on the ground floor with her two small children, after her “alcoholic father threw us out on the street.”
“Do you think any of us would be here if we had an alternative?” asked Fajardo, who regrets the unsuccessful attempts to negotiate social rents with the bank that owns the building, and says that according to a Málaga court ruling, the corrala is due to be evicted on Oct. 3.
Buenaventura has just been sold by the bank to a private investor, lawyer José Cosín told IPS.
“We asked for an opportunity for marginalised, poor and socially excluded people to make a go of it. We carry our stigma like a brand on our skin, and we are judged by it,” said Fajardo, adding that “decent housing is a human right.”
The root of the problem, according to García, is “the commodification of the right to housing” during the construction boom that preceded the bursting of the real estate bubble five years ago.
There are now thousands of empty housing units and thousands of homeless people unable to make their mortgage payments because they were left jobless. The unemployment rate is 26.3 percent, according to INE figures for the second quarter of the year.
In Seville, 10 vacant buildings have been occupied by families that are being advised by 15-M. The squatters are unemployed, work in precarious jobs such as construction, are young people with good educational levels who have left their parents’ homes, or are over 65, García said.
“We are fighting for a roof over our children’s heads,” said 28-year-old Lidia Nieto, a member of the Las Luchadoras corrala in a new building in the La Goleta neighbourhood of Málaga belonging to a real estate company, which has been occupied since April by nine single mothers with their children.
Nieto lives on the ground floor of the apartment block with her eight-year-old son Yeray. She has a weekend job cleaning businesses and offices.
“We saw this empty building and decided to occupy it,” she told IPS while she chopped vegetables discarded by a nearby shop “because they are damaged and can’t be sold.” She used to live with one of her sisters and her parents.
“We saw ourselves living on the streets with our children. Do you think if we had proper jobs we would be living here? I’ve been unemployed for two years,” she said.
“Collective occupations are completely legitimate and are based on practical and ethical reasons,” said Iván Díaz of the Seville 15-M housing committee, at a conference in Málaga.
Squatters in new corralas are demanding that electricity and water meters be installed, so they can pay for utilities.
María, who lives next to Corrala Buenaventura, told IPS she is on good terms with the squatters. But the vendor at a nearby fruit shop said he had heard that some neighbours complained about noise at night.
The Málaga city government cut off water to Buenaventura on Jul. 18. But after the families protested by camping all night outside the town hall, the authorities re-established the water supply the next day.
The government of the autonomous region of Andalusía, where Málaga and Seville are located, approved a decree-law Apr. 12 on the social function of housing, establishing the need for a stock of social housing units.
The regional law also provides for the temporary expropriation – for a period of three years – of the housing units of families facing imminent eviction, “in cases where there is a risk of social exclusion or a threat to the physical or mental health of persons.”
This measure, appealed in July by the national government of rightwing Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy on the alleged grounds that it is unconstitutional, has benefited “only 12 families for three months,” complained García, who said it fell far short and was plagued with “flaws and defects.”
The European Commission – the EU executive arm – and the European Central Bank criticised the Andalusían anti-eviction decree, arguing that it could undermine the stability of the banking sector and economic recovery in Spain, according to a Jul. 10 report. | <urn:uuid:23ff8a27-d433-424c-b39f-5c21ea6e4464> | CC-MAIN-2013-48 | http://www.ipsnews.net/2013/07/spains-new-squatters/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-48/segments/1386163052912/warc/CC-MAIN-20131204131732-00081-ip-10-33-133-15.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.972255 | 1,507 | 2.5625 | 3 | - Forbairt & Cabhair
- Geilleagar & Trádáil
- Cearta an Duine
- Rialachas Domhanda
- An tSochaí Sibhialta
Dé Sathairn, 7 Nollaig, 2013
- 'Tá cónaí ort ann saor in aisce, nach bhfuil?' a d'fhiafraigh bean nuair a bhí sí ag dul trí Buenaventura corrala, pobal i bhfoirgneamh sa chathair ó dheas sa Spáinn seo a bhí á áitiú ó mhí Feabhra ag teaghlaigh a dífhostaíodh as a dtithe mar gheall ar a n-íocaíochtaí morgáiste a bheith i ndiaidh dóibh mar gheall ar dífhostaíocht.
Níor mhaith linn aon chabhair. Ba mhaith linn íoc, trí scéim cíos sóisialta, "a fhreagair Yuli Fajardo, 42 bliain d'aois, a bhí ag maireachtáil i ndea-chabhlach sula bhfuair sí tearmann chomh maith le thart ar 40 duine eile i gceann de na 13 árasán fairsing sa bhloc árasán ceithre urlár seo i gcomharsanacht La Trinidad i lár Malaga.
Tá líon na dteaghlaigh gan dídean a bhfuil foirgnimh folamh acu atá faoi úinéireacht bhainc nó gníomhaireachtaí eastáit réadaigh méadaithe ar fud na Spáinne ó thit an ghéarchéim eacnamaíoch agus airgeadais i 2007.
Ach mar fheiniméan comhchoiteann, thosaigh an tonn nua squats i gcathair in aice láimhe Seville le Corrala Utopía, bloc 36 árasán a bhaineann le banc a bhfuil thart ar céad duine, 40 acu leanaí, á áitiú ó mhí na Bealtaine 2012 , Juanjo García de choiste tithíochta 15-M (gluasad Occupy 15 Bealtaine indignados na Spáinne) i gcathair Seville dúirt sé le IPS.
Glaoigh siad orthu féin "corralas" chun a léiriú gur cumais phobail agus comharsanachta iad, cosúil leis an gcoincheap de na foirgnimh tipiciúla den ainm sin le cúlchríocha agus seirbhísí coiteanna a d'fhás i gcomharsanachtaí rang oibre i Maidrid agus i gcathracha Spáinneacha eile sa 16ú go 19ú haois.
Faigheann na pobail nua squatter tacaíocht agus comhairle ó ghluaiseachtaí sóisialta mar 15-M, an Ardán do Dhaoine a Bhuaigh Morgáiste (PAH) agus Stop Desahucios (Stop Evictions).
Tuairiscíonn an Institiúid Náisiúnta Staidrimh (INE) go bhfuil thart ar 3.5 milliún aonad tithíochta folamh sa tír seo de 47 milliún duine - beagnach 14 faoin gcéad den stoc tithíochta - go príomha i lámha na mbanc. Bhí 363,000 dífhostaithe san iomlán mar gheall ar mhalartachtaí morgáiste agus forclosures idir 2008 agus 2012, de réir tuarascála a d'fhoilsigh PAH i mí Eanáir.
Bhí Yanira, 20, agus a buachaill José, 18 mbliana d'aois, ag cóiríocht teach go dtí go chaill siad a gcuid post agus go bhfuair siad tearmann i Buenaventura, ceann de na ceithre corralas i Malaga.
Chaill Montse, a bhfuil iníon 11 bliana d'aois aici, a post chomh maith agus ní raibh sé in ann íoc as tithíocht. Tá Macarena, an t-aontaitheoir is déanaí sa phobal, ina cónaí ar an urlár talún lena dhá leanbh bheaga, tar éis a hathair alcólach a chur amach ar an tsráid.
'An gceapann tú go mbeadh duine ar bith againn anseo dá mbeadh rogha eile againn?' a d'fhiafraigh Fajardo, a bhraitheann trua ar na hiarrachtaí gan rath a bhí ann chun cíosanna sóisialta a chaibidlíocht leis an mbanc a bhfuil an foirgneamh aige, agus a deir go bhfuil an corrala le cur as oifig ar an 3 Deireadh Fómhair de réir breithiúnas cúirte Málaga.
Tá Buenaventura díolta díreach ag an mbanc le hinfheisteoir príobháideach, dúirt an dlíodóir José Cosín le IPS.
D'iarramar deis do dhaoine imeallaithe, bochta agus eisiaithe go sochaí chun dul ar aghaidh leis. "Tá an sceitimíní againn mar bhranda ar ár gcraiceann, agus déantar breithniú orainn de réir a chéile", a dúirt Fajardo, ag cur leis go bhfuil "tíochán maorga mar cheart daonna".
Is é an fhréamh an fhadhb, de réir García, ná "an ceart chun tithíochta a thrádáil" le linn an bhróim tógála a chuaigh roimh bhrú na boilgeoga eastát réadaigh cúig bliana ó shin.
Tá na mílte aonad tithíochta folamh ann anois agus na mílte duine gan dídean nach féidir leo a n-íocaíochtaí morgáiste a dhéanamh toisc go bhfágadh iad gan obair. Is é an ráta dífhostaíochta 26.3 faoin gcéad, de réir figiúirí INE don dara ráithe den bhliain.
I Seville, tá 10 foirgneamh folamh á n-ocáid ag teaghlaigh atá á gcomhairle ag 15-M. Tá na squatters dífhostaithe, ag obair i bpoist éagórach mar thograíocht, daoine óga le leibhéil oideachais mhaith a d'fhág a dteaghlaigh tuismitheoirí, nó atá os cionn 65, a dúirt García.
'Táimid ag troid le haghaidh dí a fháil thar ceann ár bpáistí,' a dúirt Lidia Nieto, 28 bliain d'aois, ball de Las Luchadoras corrala i bhfoirgneamh nua i gcomharsanacht La Goleta i Malaga a bhaineann le cuideachta eastáit réadaigh, a bhfuil naoi máthair aonair lena gcuid leanaí ag cur isteach air ó mhí Aibreáin.
Tá Nieto ina cónaí ar an urlár talún den bhloc árasán lena mac ocht mbliana d'aois Yeray. Tá post deireadh seachtaine aici ag glanadh gnólachtaí agus oifigí.
"Chonaic muid an foirgneamh folamh seo agus shocraigh muid é a áitiú", a dúirt sí le IPS agus í ag croitheadh glasraí a bhí curtha amach ag siopa in aice láimhe "mar tá siad damáiste agus ní féidir iad a dhíol".
Chonaic muid féin ag maireachtáil ar na sráideanna lenár leanaí. An gceapann tú dá mbeadh post ceart againn go mbeadh cónaí orainn anseo? Tá mé dífhostaithe ar feadh dhá bhliain, a dúirt sí.
'Tá áitithe comhchoiteanna dlisteanacha go hiomlán agus tá siad bunaithe ar chúiseanna praiticiúla agus eiticiúla,' a dúirt Iván Díaz ó choiste tithíochta Seville 15-M, ag comhdháil i Málaga.
Tá squatters i corralas nua ag éileamh go gcuirfear méadair leictreachais agus uisce ar bun, ionas gur féidir leo íoc as fóntais.
Dúirt María, a chónaíonn in aice le Corrala Buenaventura, le IPS go bhfuil sí ar dea-aimsir leis na squatters. Ach dúirt an díoltóir i siopa torthaí in aice láimhe gur chuala sé go raibh gearán ag roinnt comharsana faoi torann san oíche.
Chuir rialtas cathair Málaga uisce ar Buenaventura ar an Jul. 18. Céard é? Ach tar éis na teaghlaigh agóid a dhéanamh trí champaíocht ar feadh na hoíche taobh amuigh den halla baile, athshocraigh na húdaráis an soláthar uisce an lá dar gcionn.
Cheadaigh rialtas réigiún uathrialach Andalusía, áit a bhfuil Málaga agus Seville, forordú-dlí Apr. 12 maidir le feidhm shóisialta tithíochta, ag socrú an gá atá le stoc de aonaid tithíochta shóisialta.
Foráiltear sa dlí réigiúnach freisin go ndéanfar aonad cónaithe teaghlaigh atá i mbaol a dhíbirt a dhíothú go sealadach ar feadh tréimhse trí bliana i gcásanna ina bhfuil baol eisiaimh shóisialta nó bagairt ar shláinte fhisiceach nó mheabhrach daoine.
Tá an beart seo, a rinne rialtas náisiúnta an Phríomh-Aire Mariano Rajoy achomharc i mí Iúil ar an bhunscás gur neamhbhunreachtúil é, tar éis tairbhe a bhaint as "níl ach 12 teaghlach le trí mhí", gearán García, a dúirt go raibh sé i bhfad níos lú agus go raibh sé plódaithe le "easnamh agus lochtanna".
Chuir an Coimisiún Eorpach - brainse feidhmiúcháin an AE - agus an Banc Ceannais Eorpach cáineadh ar an ordú frith-eisiúint Andalusí, ag argóint go bhféadfadh sé bonn a chur le cobhsaíocht na hearnála baincéireachta agus le téarnamh eacnamaíoch sa Spáinn, de réir tuarascáil a d'eisigh an tSeachtain na Gaeilge. 10 tuarascáil. |
Liquid feeding technology
All our pumps are equipped with a pneumatic motor (for power) and a ball hydraulic (driven part). The majority of our pumps are double acting pumps.
- When a piston down strokes, a suction valve (big ball) is closed against the seat and the material in the chamber (V2) is displaced out of the pump by the pump displacement rod.
- When the piston up-strokes, a suction valve opens and material is sucked into chamber (V2). The exhaust valve (small ball) closes and material is pulled from chamber (V1).
The piston moves on the upper part through a lubricating cup (Cup Lub) to avoid overheating by ensuring continuous lubrication.
because the suction foot valve has a large passage.
because we can adapt the ball material.
with balanced fluid delivery on up and down strokes.
on the lower foot valve. | <urn:uuid:b278b9a0-cb52-4dbb-9ac5-99170123200e> | CC-MAIN-2023-14 | https://www.sames.com/usa/en/technologies-2-ball.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296948620.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20230327092225-20230327122225-00416.warc.gz | en | 0.902568 | 197 | 2.578125 | 3 | Teicneolaíocht beathaithe le leacht
Tá mótar pneumaíoch (do chumhacht) agus mótar hidrailiúil liathróid (an chuid a thiomáint) ar fáil inár bpompaí go léir. Tá formhór na bpompaí againn ina bpompaí dúbailte.
- Nuair a bhuaileann pístón síos, dúntar comhla suála (leabán mór) i gcoinne an suíocháin agus déantar an t-ábhar sa seomra (V2) a bhogadh amach as an gcarraig ag an mbarra bhogála.
- Nuair a thosaíonn an piston ag dul suas, osclaítear comhla suction agus cuirtear ábhar isteach sa champaill (V2). Dúntar an comhla astaithe (ballach beag) agus tarraingítear ábhar as an gcumha (V1).
Tá an písteán ag gluaiseacht ar an gcuid uachtarach trí chupan lubricating (Cup Lub) chun ró-theacht a sheachaint trí shlílíochta leanúnach a chinntiú.
toisc go bhfuil pas mór ag an bhalbón coise suction.
toisc gur féidir linn an t-ábhar liathróid a oiriúnú.
le soláthar sreabhach cothrom ar strokes suas agus síos.
ar an bhalbón coise íseal. |
Observation drawing can be done from objects, photographs or previous illustrations (redrawings), but the ability to move around an object by changing orientation of the subject is helpful. The subject does not necessarily need to be touched in order to explore various orientations. The viewer can move around a physical object and examine the object from various orientations, and a VR viewer also provides the ability to change orientation of virtual 3D objects.
Below is a VR View of a seal humerus from Atlantic coast shoreline. Rotate the viewer by click and dragging right or left to spin around the object. Zoom in/out to view high resolution details of surface and pan around image.
NOTE: If you cannot drag and spin the model zoom out as far as possible and try again. Spinning only works when not zoomed into a particular view.
Why don’t you give it a try?
Use the VR Viewer above and do some observation drawings of the seal humerus. | <urn:uuid:2f213a00-32af-48c6-a5c7-68661f0a1576> | CC-MAIN-2020-10 | http://figs.ca/observation-drawing/category/vr-drawing/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-10/segments/1581875145529.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20200221111140-20200221141140-00550.warc.gz | en | 0.906862 | 202 | 2.578125 | 3 | Is féidir líníocht bhreathnaithe a dhéanamh ó rudaí, grianghraif nó léaráidí roimhe seo (athdhéanamh), ach tá an cumas bogadh timpeall ar réad trí threocht an ábhair a athrú cabhrach. Ní gá go mbeadh baint ag an ábhar le haghaidh treoshuímh éagsúla a iniúchadh. Is féidir leis an lucht féachana gluaiseacht timpeall ar réad fisiceach agus scrúdú a dhéanamh ar an réad ó threochtaí éagsúla, agus soláthraíonn lucht féachana VR an cumas freisin treo réada 3D fíorúla a athrú.
Seo thíos radharc VR de humerus seal ó chósta Atlantaigh. Déan an amharcóir a rothlú trí chliceáil agus a tharraingt ar dheis nó ar chlé chun an réad a rothlú. Zoom isteach/ amach chun sonraí ard-réitigh d'fhéachtanas agus pan timpeall an íomhá a fheiceáil.
TÁNTA: Mura féidir leat an tsamhail a tharraingt agus a rothlú, déanaigí zoom amach chomh fada agus is féidir agus déan iarracht arís. Ní oibríonn rothlú ach amháin nuair nach bhfuil zoomed isteach i radharc ar leith.
Cén fáth nach bhfuil tú a thabhairt dó iarracht?
Úsáid an Viúire VR thuas agus déan roinnt líníochtaí breathnóireachta ar an humerus seal. |
|Huck and Jim sharing stories|
He’s drawing criticism, though, from a number of sources. One of the main gripes is that this edit removes an important aspect of the text’s historical context, specifically America’s spotty past, and precludes an important teaching moment about racism and slavery in this country. As University of Virginia professor Stephen Railton puts it, “If we can’t do that in the classroom, we can’t do it anywhere.”
After all, is the classroom a place to avoid the hard lessons or to teach them? That’s not to say that it’s entirely up to teachers to convey the lessons of history to our children. Parents have to step in and educate their children about their heritage and America’s past. However, if teachers aren’t teaching these lessons, what are they doing instead? Huck Finn isn’t just about a boy’s adventure with an escaped slave. It’s a very mature tale about a poor white boy who can see past the prejudices around him to view a black man as a man and a friend.
Of course, it’s not all that sweet and pretty. Huck is definitely a product of his environment and the times, but he’s much more evolved than the adults who try to tell him what to do. And his use of nigger both highlights the idiocy of racism and undermines the social structure that would allow a friend to use the word in the first place.
I didn’t read Huck Finn until I had reached college—in many ways, it’s a very grown-up book—but young people could stand to confront the issues of racism that plagued our country way back when and that still plague our country today. By allowing children to compare and contrast their own world with that of Huck’s, teachers can have them grapple with these tough issues in (hopefully) a safe space centered on learning instead of avoidance. | <urn:uuid:4ad69aab-4174-4aae-abf5-9ea42cb119ec> | CC-MAIN-2017-30 | http://imabouttodomything.blogspot.com/2011/01/teach-dont-delete.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-30/segments/1500549423183.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20170720121902-20170720141902-00421.warc.gz | en | 0.958495 | 418 | 3.375 | 3 | Huck agus Jim ag roinnt scéalta
Tá sé ag tarraingt cáineadh, áfach, ó roinnt foinsí. Ceann de na príomh-ghlúin ná go ndéanann an t-eagarthóireacht seo gné thábhachtach de chomhthéacs stairiúil an téacs a bhaint, go sonrach am atá caite le spotty Mheiriceá, agus go gcuireann sé cosc ar nóiméad múinteoireachta tábhachtach faoi ghnéaschas agus sclábhaíocht sa tír seo. Mar a deir Stephen Railton, ollamh in Ollscoil Virginia, "Mura féidir linn é sin a dhéanamh sa seomra ranga, ní féidir linn é a dhéanamh in áit ar bith".
Tar éis an tsaoil, an bhfuil an seomra ranga ina áit chun na ceachtanna crua a sheachaint nó chun iad a mhúineadh? Ní chiallaíonn sé sin go bhfuil sé ar mhúinteoirí go hiomlán na ceachtanna staire a chur in iúl dár leanaí. Caithfidh tuismitheoirí dul isteach agus a gcuid leanaí a oideachas faoi a n-oidhreacht agus am atá caite Mheiriceá. Mar sin féin, mura bhfuil múinteoirí ag múineadh na ceachtanna seo, cad atá á dhéanamh acu ina ionad sin? Huck Finn nach bhfuil ach faoi eachtraí buachaill le sclábhaí éalaigh. Is scéal an-aosta é faoi bhuachaill bocht bán a fheiceann thar na réamhchinnt timpeall air chun fear dubh a fheiceáil mar fhear agus mar chara.
Ar ndóigh, ní go bhfuil sé go léir go milis agus deas. Is cinnte go bhfuil Huck ina tháirge dá thimpeallacht agus a thréimhse, ach tá sé i bhfad níos forbartha ná na daoine fásta a dhéanann iarracht a rá leis cad atá le déanamh. Agus a úsáid de nigger araon a léiríonn an idiocy de ciníochas agus a chur faoi dhroch-chlaoch na struchtúr sóisialta a ligfeadh cara a úsáid an focal sa chéad áit.
Ní raibh mé ag léamh Huck Finn go dtí go raibh mé ag teacht ar an ollscoil - i go leor bealaí, tá sé an-daoine fásta leabhar - ach d'fhéadfadh daoine óga seasamh chun aghaidh a thabhairt ar na saincheisteanna na ciníochas a plagued ár dtír ar bhealach ar ais nuair agus go bhfuil fós plagued ár dtír inniu. Trí ligean do leanaí a saol féin a chur i gcomparáid agus a chur i gcodarsnacht le saol Hucks, is féidir le múinteoirí iad a bheith ag déileáil leis na saincheisteanna deacra seo i spás sábháilte (is dóchúil) atá dírithe ar fhoghlaim seachas seachnadh. |
Northern Water Snake (Nerodia sipedon)
Northern water snakes are one of the most common large snakes in Connecticut. They are often confused
with other species such as the venomous water moccasin or copperhead. The variable outward appearance of this water snake is not helpful in identifying the species from afar. Most adults have a darker color and are often coated with silt to help them bask and soak up the sun or aid them in hiding. When swimming, the light and dark bands of the snake on the rippled surface of the water may obscure the snake’s shape, so it is not clearly recognizable to predators.
In the New England Farmyard at Connecticut’s Beardsley Zoo, visit our Connecticut Reptile House, where you will find a variety of reptiles found throughout the state, including the northern water snake.
The northern water snake is very stout and is about 30-40 inches long. Varying in color and pattern, they are usually seen in tan or brown with dark bands on the backs and sides. Their bellies are often cream colored in patterns, but may come in other variations such as orange or yellow. When handled, these snakes will sometimes release a musky smelling substance.
Almost always found in or next to water. They prefer weak currents but can swim just as easily in a swift current. They are active during the day and night, and have been seen basking near their water source.
Found throughout the northeastern United States as far south as the Carolinas and as far west as Colorado.
Small fish, frogs, toads, and salamanders.
Up to 10 years in captivity.
Males are able to reproduce after approx. 21 months. Females, however, do not reach sexual maturity until their third year. Gestation can last from 3-5 months. Unlike many snakes, Northern water snakes are live-bearers, meaning they do not lay eggs. A female may give birth to as many as 60 young at a time, depending on her size. Offspring are usually born between August and October and are on their own after birth.
3rd Annual Animal Art Show & Sale
6pm - 9pm
December 10 & 11
10:30am - 11:15am
We are open...
9am to 4pm every day except Thanksgiving, Christmas, and New Year's Day
Connecticut's Beardsley Zoo
1875 Noble Avenue
Bridgeport, CT 06610
Main Number: (203) 394-6565 | <urn:uuid:76c3ae54-1c0e-4e65-969d-dd9e54509775> | CC-MAIN-2013-48 | http://beardsleyzoo.org/watersnake-fk1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-48/segments/1386163837672/warc/CC-MAIN-20131204133037-00095-ip-10-33-133-15.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.966834 | 521 | 3.421875 | 3 | Snáithín Uisce Thuaidh (Nerodia sipedon)
Tá na nathracha uisce ó thuaidh ar cheann de na nathracha móra is coitianta i Connecticut. Is minic a bhíonn siad mearbhall
le speicis eile amhail an moccasin uisce nimhiúil nó an copperhead. Ní chuireann cuma seachtrach athromaitheach an nathair uisce seo le chéile chun an speiceas a aithint ó i bhfad amach. Tá dath níos dorcha ag formhór na ndaoine fásta agus is minic a bhíonn siad clúdaithe le muirín chun cabhrú leo an ghrian a chaomhnú agus a shroich nó chun cabhrú leo dul i bhfolach. Nuair a bhíonn sé ag snámh, d'fhéadfadh na bannaí solais agus dorcha a bhíonn ag an nathair ar dhromchla an uisce a bheith ag cur bac ar fhoirm an nathair, agus mar sin ní féidir le creachadóirí a aithint go soiléir.
Sa Fharmaí Nua-Eabhrac ag Seomra Seolta Beardsley i Connecticut, tabhair cuairt ar ár Teach Réptílí Connecticut, áit a bhfaighidh tú éagsúlacht de na réptílí a fhaightear ar fud an stáit, lena n-áirítear an nathair uisce ó thuaidh.
Tá an nathair uisce ó thuaidh an-chrua agus tá sé thart ar 30-40 orlach ar fhad. Ag athrú i dhath agus i bpatrún, is gnách go bhfeictear iad i dtan nó donn le bannaí dorcha ar a gcúl agus ar a thaobh. Is minic a bhíonn a gcuid bolg bándearg i bpatrúin, ach d'fhéadfadh sé teacht i éagsúlachtaí eile mar oráiste nó buí. Nuair a dhéantar iad a láimhseáil, scaoilfidh na nathracha seo substaint a bhfuil boladh musky air uaireanta.
Fuarthas i gcónaí i mbeagnach uisce nó in aice léi. Is fearr leo sruthanna lag ach is féidir leo snámh chomh héasca i sruthanna tapa. Tá siad gníomhach i rith an lae agus na hoíche, agus feictear iad ag cócaireacht in aice lena bhfoinse uisce.
Fuarthas iad ar fud na Stát Aontaithe ó thuaidh chomh fada ó dheas le Carolina agus chomh fada ó thuaidh le Colorado.
Iasc beag, froganna, toads, agus salamanders.
Suas le 10 mbliana i ngéibheann.
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Fountain Pen User Manual
FOUNTAIN PEN USER MANUAL
The parts of your fountain pen
Your fountain pen consists of four parts when assembled—the cap, the nib, the barrel, and the ink reservoir. Most reservoirs are a piston converter, ink cartridge or a built-in piston The converter and the built-in piston require fountain pen bottled ink. The cartridge is a self-contained, disposable unit filled with ink.
Common filling system
Removing the barrel
Remove the cap. Then remove the barrel by turning it counter clockwise.
Whether you are using an ink cartridge or the converter pump the fountain pen must first be primed with ink. Ink must be in the feed groove, in the feed wings, and under the nib before the fountain pen will write properly.
Filling with a fountain pen converter
Place the fountain pen, nib first, into the bottle of ink until the nib is entirely covered (Figure A). Twist the piston converter counterclockwise at the top. This forces the air out of the converter. Then twist the top of the piston converter clockwise to draw the ink up into the converter. While holding the nib above the bottle of ink, slowly twist the piston converter counterclockwise until a bead of ink flows from the tip of the nib (Figure B).
To refill the ink with an ink converter, please make sure to dip the pen inside the ink until reached the "Ink Refill Line".
If the converter is twisted before the ink reaches the line, there might be some bubbles get absorbed or even no ink gets sucked inside the converter.
A SHORT TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE
If this is the first time the pen is used then the pen has not been properly primed. Prime the pen by squeezing the cartridge hard; you need to see a lot of ink come out of the tip.
If the fountain pen has been in use for a while and has written well in the past first run a small stream of cold water over the tip of the nib-test the pen – it should write. If this does not work try priming the pen again. If this does not work you may have to flush out the pen entirely. Do not soak your entire pen in water. Unscrew nib section from the pen and soak or flush this.
Fountain Pen Cleaning and Maintenance
Cleaning Your Fountain Pen
Just as your car needs its oil changed, your fountain pen needs internal cleaning. A once a month cleaning will often save you a trip to the service center. For built-in piston fillers, fill and empty the pen three or four times with room temperature water to dissolve the solids. This is especially important if you change brands or even colors of ink, or use a cartridge exclusively (some inks react with each other, creating a viscous substance).
Pens also need to be cleaned regularly - especially if cartridges are used most. Separate the cartridge carefully and hold the nib section with the nib facing down under room temperature tap water until the water runs clear. Never put your pen away for an extended period with a cartridge full of ink in the pen.
Choice of Paper
Use only high-quality paper or at the very least, don't use coated or "fuzzy" paper. The nib will clog and cause a loss of ink.
Read more here: The Best Paper for Calligraphy & Lettering
Storing your pen
If your fountain pen will not be used for an extended period of time, remove and clean the nib and converter. This prevents ink from drying and clogging the pen. Always store your pen with the nib in an upright position. This allows the ink to stay in the reservoir to prevent evaporation. | <urn:uuid:9b80adf0-99d7-489a-8ad7-94054a94d4e9> | CC-MAIN-2023-23 | https://executivevibe.com/pages/fountain-pen-user-manual | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224644867.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20230529141542-20230529171542-00468.warc.gz | en | 0.915436 | 775 | 2.96875 | 3 | Leabhrán úsáideora Penna Fountain
CÁIRLÍON ÚSÁIDIR PENNA FOUNTAIN
Na codanna de do pheann foinn
Tá ceithre chuid ag do pheann foinse nuair a chuirtear le chéile é - an cap, an nib, an barr, agus an cisterna liathróid. Is éard atá i bhformhór na n-ionad cistine tiontaitheoir, cartridge liathróid nó tiontaitheoir tógtha sa Tiontaitheoir agus an tiontaitheoir tógtha sa tiontaitheoir ní mór liathróid bhosca peann foinse. Is aonad neamhspleách, inúsáidte é an cartraí atá líonta le dúch.
Córas líonta coiteann
An barr a bhaint
Tóg an caipín. Ansin a bhaint as an barr trí é a thiontú i gcoinne clockwise.
Cibé an bhfuil cartridge inc á úsáid agat nó an caidéal tiontaithe, ní mór an pluma folamh a chur le inc ar dtús. Ní mór an inc a bheith sa ghruaig, sna sciatháin agus faoin mbéacán sula ndéanfaidh an píon fountain scríobh i gceart.
Líonadh le tiontaire píopa foinn
Cuir an píon folamh, an t-uimhir ar dtús, isteach sa bhuidéal cíche go dtí go mbeidh an t-uimhir clúdaithe go hiomlán (Figiúr A). Déan an t-athsholáthair písteanna a thiontú i dtreo an tsraith clog ag an mbarr. Cuireann sé seo an t-aer amach as an tiontaire. Ansin cas an barr den thionadóir píste i dtreo clogchla chun an inc a tharraingt suas sa thionadóir. Agus an pinne á choinneáil os cionn an bhuidéal inc, cas an t-athsholáthraí píste go mall i dtreo an tsraith clog go dtí go sruthóidh bead inc ó cheann an pinne (Figiúr B).
Chun an inc a athlìonadh le tiontaire inc, déan cinnte go gcuireann tú an plúr isteach sa inc go dtí go sroicheann tú "Líne Athlìonadh Inc".
Má tá an t-athraitheoir twisted sula sroicheann an inc an líne, d'fhéadfadh go mbeadh roinnt builgeoga a fháil ionsú nó fiú aon inc a fháil sucked taobh istigh den t-athraitheoir.
Treoir Ghorta chun Fadhbanna a Shárú
Má tá an plúr á úsáid den chéad uair, ní raibh an plúr á chur i bhfeidhm i gceart. Cuir an pluma i gceart trí an cartridge a shroicheadh go crua; ní mór duit a fheiceáil go dtagann go leor císte amach as an barr.
Má tá an píon foinn in úsáid ar feadh tamaill agus má scríobh sé go maith san am atá caite, rith sreabhán beag uisce fuar ar dtús thar barr an nib - tástáil an píon ba cheart dó scríobh. Mura n-oibríonn sé seo déan iarracht an pluma a chur ar bun arís. Mura n-oibríonn sé seo, b'fhéidir go mbeidh ort an pluma a shlánú go hiomlán. Ná cuir do pholl iomlán i uisce. Scream an chuid nib ón bpíosa agus cuir é seo i socair nó scaoil é.
Penna Fountain a ghlanadh agus a chothabháil
Ag glanadh do Phinéal Fountain
Díreach mar is gá ola do charr a athrú, is gá do pheann fountaine glanadh inmheánach. Is minic a shábhálfaidh glanadh uair sa mhí turas chuig an ionad seirbhíse duit. I gcás líonta pístón ionsuite, líon agus scaoileadh an penn trí nó ceithre huaire le huisce teocht an tseomra chun na soladach a dhíscaoileadh. Tá sé seo tábhachtach go háirithe má athraíonn tú brandaí nó fiú dathanna an inc, nó má úsáideann tú cartridge go heisiach (déanann roinnt incanna imoibriú lena chéile, ag cruthú substaint greamaitheach).
Ní mór na píopaí a ghlanadh go rialta freisin - go háirithe má úsáidtear na cartridges go minic. Déan an cartridge a scaradh go cúramach agus coinnigh an chuid nib leis an nib ag tabhairt aghaidh síos faoi uisce tap teochta seomra go dtí go ritheann an t-uisce glan. Ná cuir do pheann ar shiúl ar feadh tréimhse fada le cartridge lán de dh' inc sa pheann.
Roghnú Páipéir
Ní úsáidfidh tú ach páipéar ardchaighdeáin nó ar a laghad, ná úsáid páipéar cóiteáilte nó "fuzzy". Beidh an nib clog agus a chur faoi deara caillteanas de inc.
Léigh tuilleadh anseo: An Páipéar is Fearr le haghaidh Caligraphy & Litreacha
Do phéint a stóráil
Mura n-úsáidfear do pheann folamh ar feadh tréimhse fada ama, bain agus glan an nib agus an t-athsholáthraí. Cuireann sé seo cosc ar an inc a thriomú agus an pluma a chlúdach. Coinnigh do phéint i gcónaí agus an pinne i riocht dhíreach. Ligeann sé seo don inc fanacht sa stór chun éadrom a chosc. |
Guanosine tetraphosphate and pentaphosphate, collectively known as (p)ppGpp or magic spot nucleotides, are effectors of the stringent response, a stress response pathway activated during nutrient and energy deprivation. The stringent response is conserved in bacteria, algae and plants and is characterized by a rapid accumulation of (p)ppGpp that leads to global transcriptional reprogramming, shifting gene expression from genes responsible for growth, housekeeping and division towards genes responsible for stress protection and cell survival. While it is widely acknowledged that elevated levels of ppGpp reorganize gene expression profiles of various organisms during adaptation to adverse conditions, our understanding of the role of ppGpp signaling in regulation of cell physiology in unstressed conditions has been more limited.
In this study (PDF), we use the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus to gain insight into the function of ppGpp during unstressed growth in light and in response to darkness, which is equivalent in cyanobacteria to a period of energy-limitation and stress. It has been observed previously that in cyanobacteria (p)ppGpp accumulates on exposure to darkness, however, its role during growth in light has not been investigated.
We find that ppGpp is present in cyanobacteria at a basal low level in light in the absence of stress and rapidly accumulates in response to inhibition of the activity of the photosynthetic electron transport chain. We next demonstrate that basal levels of ppGpp are key for regulation of normal cell physiology in unstressed conditions in light, as the ppGpp-deficient strain suffers from a global transcriptional increase, elevated global transcription and translation rates and increased cell size. In the dark, we find that our ppGpp-deficient strain is unable to appropriately execute normal dark-induced transcriptional suppression and that it loses viability under these conditions. Finally, we dissect the role of basal versus elevated ppGpp levels in regulation of cell physiology. When we restore basal ppGpp levels in the ppGpp-deficient strain, we observe that cells recover appropriate transcription levels and cell size in light and are able to survive periods of darkness. However, the synthetically restored low level of ppGpp is not sufficient to appropriately execute the dark-induced transcriptional shutdown.
In our work we establish how (p)ppGpp signaling is used in cyanobacteria to regulate cell physiology both in light and during exposure to darkness, emphasizing the essential contribution of basal levels of ppGpp to the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. We proposed a model in which light-responsive (p)ppGpp signaling is required for appropriate adjustment of cyanobacterial transcription and metabolism in fluctuating light conditions. This dose-dependent model of (p)ppGpp signaling is in accordance with observations made in Firmicutes, in which the magic spot nucleotides have been proposed to act as a molecular rheostat tuning cell physiology to environmental constraints. | <urn:uuid:a6b06f4b-f3ba-436a-891e-6edba2fb378c> | CC-MAIN-2020-10 | https://www.mcb.harvard.edu/research/little-magic-spot-goes-long-way-cyanobacteria-oshea-lab/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-10/segments/1581875145260.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20200220162309-20200220192309-00353.warc.gz | en | 0.943235 | 613 | 2.8125 | 3 | Is iad tetraphosphate agus pentaphosphate guanosine, ar a dtugtar (p) p Gpp nó núicléatídí spota draíochta, éifeachtaí an fhreagra dian, bealach freagartha strus a ghníomhaítear le linn díothaithe cothaithigh agus fuinnimh. Coinnítear an freagra déine i baictéir, algaí agus plandaí agus tá sé tréitheithe ag carnadh tapa (p) p Gpp a thugann athphrográmithe traschríobhála domhanda, ag aistriú léiriú géine ó ghéin atá freagrach as fás, cothabháil agus roinn i dtreo ghéin atá freagrach as cosaint strus agus maireachtáil chealla. Cé go bhfuil sé aitheanta go forleathan go ndéanann leibhéil ardaithe ppGpp próifílí léiriú géine na n-orgánaigh éagsúla a athchóiriú le linn oiriúnú do dhálaí diúltacha, bhí ár dtuiscint ar ról comhartha ppGpp i rialachán fisiolóige cille i gcoinníollacha neamh-strus níos teoranta.
Sa staidéar seo (PDF), bainimid úsáid as an cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus chun léargas a fháil ar fheidhm ppGpp le linn fás neamh-stressed i solas agus mar fhreagra ar an dorchadas, atá comhionann i cyanobacteria le tréimhse teoranta fuinnimh agus strus. Tá sé le feiceáil roimhe seo go gcuirtear i gcúlú i cyanobacteria (p) p Gpp nuair a bhíonn sé nochtaithe don dorchadas, áfach, níor imscrúdú a ról le linn fás i solas.
Faigheann muid go bhfuil ppGpp i láthair i cianobacteria ag leibhéal íseal bunaidh i solas in éagmais strus agus go dtógann sé go tapa mar fhreagra ar chosc ar ghníomhaíocht na slabhra iompair leictreonaí fóta-sintéise. Léiríonn muid ina dhiaidh sin go bhfuil leibhéil bhunúsacha ppGpp ríthábhachtach chun fisiolaíocht gnáthchill a rialáil i gcoinníollacha neamh-stressed i solas, toisc go bhfuil méadú tras-scríbhneoireachta domhanda, rátaí tras-scríbhneoireachta agus aistriúcháin domhanda ard agus méadú ar mhéid na gcealla ar an strain ppGpp- easnamhach. Sa dorchadas, faighimid nach féidir lenár strain ppGpp- easnamh a chur i gcrích go cuí cosc tras-scríbhneoireachta gnáth-spreagtha dorcha agus go gcaillfidh sé beocht faoi na coinníollacha seo. Ar deireadh, déanaimid roil na leibhéil ppGpp bhunúsacha i gcoinne ard i rialachán fisiolaíochta cille a dhísheiceáil. Nuair a athbhunú againn bunleibhéil ppGpp i gcineál ppGpp- easnamh, breathnaímid go bhfuil cealla a fháil ar ais leibhéil trascríbhin iomchuí agus méid cille i solas agus a bheith in ann maireachtáil tréimhsí dorcha. Mar sin féin, ní leor an leibhéal íseal ppGpp a athshocraíodh go sintéiseach chun an stopadh tras-scríbhneoireachta a spreagadh ag dorchadas a chur i gcrích go cuí.
Sa obair atá déanta againn, leagamar síos conas a úsáidtear comharthaíocht (p) pGpp i sianaibictéir chun fiseolaíocht chealla a rialáil i solas agus le linn nochtadh don dorchadas, ag cur béime ar ranníocaíocht riachtanach leibhéil bhunúsacha ppGpp le homeostasis cheallach a chothabháil. Mhol muid samhail ina bhfuil gá le comharthaíocht atá freagrach as solas (p) p Gpp chun trascriptáil agus meitibileacht cyanobacterial a choigeartú i gcoinníollacha solais athraitheacha. Tá an tsamhail seo de shínithe (p) pGpp a bhaineann le dáileog ag teacht le breathnóireachtaí a rinneadh i Firmicutes, inar moladh go n-oibríonn na núicléatídí spota draíochta mar fhisiolaíocht chealla reostat móilíneach a choigeartú do shrianta comhshaoil. |
The Vijaynagar Kingdom
After the departure of Muhammad bin Tughlak from the Deccan, Harihara declared independence. He and his brother Bukka I under the guidance of famous Hindu saint and the head of Sringeri Math, Vidyaranyasvami, who is also identified with the distinguished jurist Madhav Mantri, established the mighty Hindu Kingdom of Vijaynagar (the City of Victory) in 1336 AD. Vijaynagar illuminated the landscape of Deccan History for 229 years (1336-1565 AD). By 1347 AD, Malerajya and Palasige of the Goa Kadambas were incorporated into the Vijaynagar Empire. Goa formed a strategically and commercially important province on the western border of the Vijaynagar Empire.
Hampi - The Capital of Vijayanagar Kingdom
The first settlement in Hampi dates back to 1st century AD and a number of Buddhist sites belonging to that time have been found nearby. Hampi was the capital of the mighty Vijaynagar Empire. Vijaynagar was one of the largest Hindu empires in India. Krishnadevaraya (1509-1529) was the greatest ruler and controlled almost all of peninsular India south of Tungabhadra River. The town of Hampi in 14th century had a population of half a million people. Seven concentric lines of fortifications protected the city. It maintained a huge army to protects it from other kingdoms. The Vijaynagar Empire flourished, as it controlled both cotton and spice trade routes of southern India. Medieval historians refer to Hampi as an important center of trade. However, the glory of Vijaynagar was short lived. With the death of Krishnadevaraya, the combined armies of the five Muslim kingdoms-Bidar, Bijapur, Golconda, Ahmednagar and Berar-destroyed this mighty empire in 1565.
In the South, the Vijayanagar contemporaries of the Delhi Sultanate and Mughals, were the other dynasty whose currency presents a rare example of a standardised issue which later provided a model for the European and English trading companies. The Vijayanagar period saw the advent of European traders especially the Portuguese. Krishnadevaraya encouraged foreign trade and this necessitated wider use of currency. Coins of the Vijayanagar kingdom was largely struck in gold and copper. Most Vijayanagar gold coins bore a sacred image on the obverse and the royal legend on the reverse. Amongst the significant gold coins of the Vijayanagar Empire were those bearing the image of the deity of Tirupati, i.e., Lord Venkatesvara represented either singly or with his two consorts. These coins inspired the 'Single Swami' Pagodas of the Dutch and French and the 'Three Swami' Pagodas of the English East India Company. | <urn:uuid:de26c855-6807-4cd0-886a-1f0eeb2b77ff> | CC-MAIN-2017-30 | http://indhistory.com/vijayanagar.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-30/segments/1500549423808.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20170721182450-20170721202450-00060.warc.gz | en | 0.945463 | 596 | 3.234375 | 3 | Ríocht Vijaynagar
Tar éis imeacht Muhammad bin Tughlak ón Deccan, dhearbhaigh Harihara neamhspleáchas. Bhunaigh sé féin agus a dheartháir Bukka I faoi threoir na naoimh cáiliúla Hinidhí agus ceann Sringeri Math, Vidyaranyasvami, a shainaithnítear leis an dlíodóir aitheanta Madhav Mantri, Ríocht chumhachtach Hinidhí Vijaynagar (an Chathair Victory) i 1336 AD. D'oscail Vijaynagar tírdhreach Stair Deccan ar feadh 229 bliain (1336-1565 AD). Faoi 1347 AD, cuireadh Malerajya agus Palasige de na Goa Kadambas isteach i Impireacht Vijaynagar. Bhí Goa ina chúige tábhachtach go straitéiseach agus go tráchtála ar theorainn thiar Impireacht Vijaynagar.
Hampi - Caipiteal Ríocht Vijayanagar
Tagraíonn an chéad lonnaíocht i Hampi don 1ú haois AD agus fuarthas roinnt suíomhanna Búdacha a bhaineann leis an am sin in aice láimhe. Ba phríomhchathair Impireacht Vijaynagar cumhachtach é Hampi. Bhí Vijaynagar ar cheann de na himpireachtaí Hindú is mó san India. Ba é Krishnadevaraya (1509-1529) an rialtóir is mó agus smaoinigh sé ar beagnach gach ceann den Indiach leath-oileánda ó dheas ó Abhainn Tungabhadra. Bhí daonra leath mhilliún duine i mbaile Hampi sa 14ú haois. Bhí seacht líne chomhchruinnithe de dhaingneachtaí ag cosaint na cathrach. Coinnigh sé arm ollmhór chun é a chosaint ó ríochtaí eile. Bhí rath ar Impireacht Vijaynagar, mar a bhí sé i gceannas ar bhealaí trádála cadáis agus spíosra ó dheas na hIndia. Tagraíonn staraithe meánaoise do Hampi mar ionad trádála tábhachtach. Mar sin féin, bhí glóir Vijaynagar gearrthéarmach. Le bás Krishnadevaraya, scrios arm chomhcheangailte na cúig ríocht Moslamach - Bidar, Bijapur, Golconda, Ahmednagar agus Berar - an impireacht chumhachtach seo i 1565.
Sa Deisceart, bhí na comhaimseartha Vijayanagar de Sultanate Delhi agus Mughals, an dynasty eile a bhfuil a airgeadra a léiríonn sampla annamh de saincheist chaighdeánaithe a sholáthraigh ina dhiaidh sin samhail do na cuideachtaí trádála Eorpacha agus Béarla. Sa tréimhse Vijayanagar, tháinig trádálaithe Eorpacha go háirithe na Portaingéalaigh. Spreag Krishnadevaraya trádáil eachtrach agus bhí gá le húsáid níos leithne airgeadra. Bhí airgeadraí ríocht Vijayanagar i bhfad struite i ór agus copar. Bhí íomhá naofa ar an taobh tosaigh den chuid is mó de na boinn óir Vijayanagar agus an finscéal ríoga ar an taobh chúl. I measc na boinn óir suntasacha de chuid Impireacht Vijayanagar bhí iad siúd a bhí ar íomhá de Thiarbhall Tirupati, ie, an Tiarna Venkatesvara a bhí ionadaithe go singil nó lena dhá choisrí. Chuir na boinn seo spreagadh ar Pagodaí 'Single Swami' na hÍsiltíre agus na Fraince agus ar Pagodaí 'Three Swami' na Cuideachta Oirthear na hIndia Béarla. |
Developer on Alibaba Coud: Build your first app with APIs, SDKs, and tutorials on the Alibaba Cloud. Read more ＞
Notes on XHTML translation when I started XHTML 1.1, I never knew what to write on Xml:lang, I want to use Chinese, is it the value of EN, zh-cn/zh-cn or gb2312/gbk/gb18030 or UTF8? I usually have problems with the first Google Chinese, but also can not find the answer. I almost believed it when I saw some authoritative websites using gb2312, but based on my experience with using Linux to set up my language, I intuitively told me it was wrong. So began to narrow the scope to the global consortium to Google, found tutorial:using language information in XHTML, HTML and CSS (DRAFT), read, and finally out of the misunderstanding, is willing to share experience with you.
Still translation, but this article is too long, and there are many we do not need information, this time I chose only part of the hope that the problem can be said clearly.
Declaring documents and text languages
Why to declare a language
Information about the language of the document is important for screen readers and ease of use, and is advantageous from the outset. These programs need to understand whether they can generate output from text, or whether they need to go to a different language mode.
Markup language information is also good for applying appropriate style changes. For example, you need to change the font to adjust different characters, based on the language to generate unused quotes and so on.
Some browsers use language information for Chinese Simplified, Chinese Traditional, Japanese and Han Wenlai to detect suitable fonts. However, in a page that uses Unicode encoding, these languages may share the same ideographic character within the code. People who speak these languages may differ in the small details used in these characters.
Markup language information also allows you to extract elements of the specified language using a script. For example, use the XSLT lang () function to extract the text of a specified language from a file, or to apply a language-specific style when XSL-FO conversion.
In many cases, the first time you develop content, you may not be aware of the importance of these applications, although they are generally very easy to add when they are created, which can be problematic when you need a style makeover.
In addition, some programs for language tagging are still in early development or lack, but from now on you should add language information to your content to reap the benefits of the future as the technology matures.
Always declare a language for a document in the HTML documents should generally declare the language of the document, which can be achieved by adding the lang attribute to the HTML tag. For example, a document using Canadian French (Canadian French) is declared below:
Later, we'll talk more specifically about specifying values for language attributes.
When you put XHTML servo as text/html, you should use the lang attribute and the Xml:lang attribute in the HTML element. The Xml:lang property is the standard use for determining language information in XML. Here's how you should mark the previous example of XHTML 1.0 as text/html Servo:
http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml "> The Xml:lang property is not useful when working with HTML files, but inheriting from the lang attribute means you want the document to be treated as XML by the script or validator.
If you use XML (for example, MIME types like applications/xhtml+xml) or XHTML 1.1来 servo XHTML, you no longer need the lang attribute because it is separated from the HTML language. A separate Xml:lang property is sufficient.
Always declare language changes to text
In a different text from the main language of the content, you should indicate the language of the text. method is always the same as the section on declaring the language in the
<p>the French for <em>Cat</em> are <em lang= "FR" >chat</em>.</p>
The lang attribute can be used on any HTML element other than applets, base, Basefont, BR, Frame, frameset, IFRAME, Param, and script.
Also, with the text/html servo XHTML 1.0, you can use two properties together, such as:
<p>the title in Chinese is <span lang= "en"
xml:lang= "ZH-CN" > Document Information Center of Chinese Academy of Sciences </span>.</p>
Note that in the last example, there is no tag around the Chinese text that allows us to attach language information, so we introduce a SPAN element to achieve our goal. (Please check the source code for this section--translator Note)
If you are using XML servo XHTML, as described in the previous section, you should use only the Xml:lang attribute.
Specify the value of the language attribute
Using RFC 3066 rules
RFC 3066 is a standard that defines how language tags are used to identify languages.
The language tag is separated by a main subtag, followed by 0 or more attached subtag, divided by hyphens.
The main subtag represents a language (there are two exceptions, I and X, discussed below), and any trailing subtag serves to modify the dialect or usage of the language. The subtag in the back generally represent the state, dialect or writing system.
The following example shows that the document is not only in English but also in British English, that is, written in English relative to American English.
Subtag is sensitive to case, including letters and numbers from a to Z,a to z,0 to 9, and not more than 8 characters.
Note that the HTML specification still recommends using RFC 1766来 to determine the language. RFC 3066 is an upgrade of RFC 1766 and is vastly exceeded, and there is a plan for the wrong table in the HTML specification, so you should use RFC 3066 regardless of how the HTML specification is explained at this stage.
All initial subtag must be 1,2 or 3-letter lengths. All 2 and 3-letter subtag are the language codes in the ISO 639 part 2 that define the code to represent the language. The 1-letter subtag is an i-or X-prefix, which we will describe later.
Although the code is case sensitive, they are often lowercase, but this is just a convention.
Also note that ISO offers 2-letter and 3-letter code choices when you should choose 2 letters. This ensures that a unique code is used as quickly as possible for each language, with a slightly outdated 2-letter code (based on RFC 1766, which does not allow 3-letter-length code) to be changed. At the same time, the question of which 3-letter code should be avoided is not a problem, since all the few languages that have two different 3-letter codes also have 2-letter codes.
The addition of subtag can indicate geographical area, dialect, text system, or other improvements to the main (language) subtag. The primary subtag can be followed by any number of subtag, although more than one is uncommon.
RFC 3066 indicates that any 2-letter subtag located at the secondary location is an ISO 3166 country code. There are no rules for using subtag in any third or next position.
The 2-letter ISO code used to represent the country is usually capitalized, but it is only a convention.
Special Master Subtag.
RFC 3066 defines some examples that may not start with the ISO language code.
The language tags starting with I are reserved for the IANA register language tags (iana-registered language tags). For some examples:
The X-Start language tag provides a widget for user-defined language tags. The label on the secondary position must be more than one letter and cannot be reserved for the following SUBTAG:AA, QM-QZ, Xa-xz, and ZZ.
Of course, these language-aware methods do not need to be used when the ISO code based on 2-letter or 3-letter is available. These methods are used to limit or prevent confusion of interoperable languages.
IANA Register language label
The IANA language tag can be registered by the email submission program referred to in RFC 3066. These tags can have 3 to 8 letters long in the secondary position code.
Registering the IANA code is better than using user-defined code because it minimizes the possibility of confusion because the IANA code is dominant for others. On the other hand, the IANA label is an ISO standard statement disapproved
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and provide relevant evidence. A staff member will contact you within 5 working days. | <urn:uuid:48620062-8573-4f8a-97c9-ac3021e37d69> | CC-MAIN-2023-23 | https://topic.alibabacloud.com/a/accurate-use-of-font-colorredlanguagefont-information-in-xhtml-and-font-colorredhtmlfont_8_8_10007175.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224654097.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20230608035801-20230608065801-00455.warc.gz | en | 0.879052 | 2,120 | 3.046875 | 3 | Forbróir ar Alibaba Coud: Tóg do chéad aip le APIanna, SDKanna, agus ranganna teagaisc ar Alibaba Cloud. Léigh níos mó >
Nótaí ar aistriúchán XHTML nuair a thosaigh mé XHTML 1.1, ní raibh a fhios agam riamh cad a scríobh ar Xml: lang, Ba mhaith liom a úsáid na Síne, an bhfuil sé an luach de EN, zh-cn / zh-cn nó gb2312 / gbk / gb18030 nó UTF8? Is gnách go bhfuil fadhbanna agam leis an gcéad Google Sínis, ach ní féidir liom an freagra a fháil freisin. Chreid mé beagnach nuair a chonaic mé roinnt suíomhanna gréasáin údarásacha ag baint úsáide as gb2312, ach bunaithe ar mo thaithí le Linux a úsáid chun mo theanga a chur ar bun, dúirt mé liom féin go raibh sé mícheart. Mar sin thosaigh a chuimsiú a laghdú ar an gconsairt domhanda a Google, fuair teagasc:a úsáid a bhaint as faisnéis teanga i XHTML, HTML agus CSS (DRAFT), léite, agus ar deireadh amach as an mí-thuiscint, tá sé sásta a roinnt taithí leat.
Fós aistriúchán, ach tá an t-alt seo ró-fhada, agus tá go leor ní gá dúinn faisnéis, an uair seo roghnaigh mé ach cuid den dóchas gur féidir an fhadhb a rá go soiléir.
Doiciméid agus teangacha téacs a dhearbhú
Cén fáth a bhfuil teanga á dhearbhú
Tá faisnéis faoi theanga an doiciméid tábhachtach do léitheoirí scáileáin agus do éascaíocht úsáide, agus tá sé buntáisteach ón tús. Ní mór do na cláir seo a thuiscint an féidir leo aschur a ghiniúint ó théacs, nó an gá dóibh dul go modh teanga difriúil.
Tá faisnéis teanga marcála maith freisin chun athruithe stíl iomchuí a chur i bhfeidhm. Mar shampla, ní mór duit an cló a athrú chun carachtair éagsúla a choigeartú, bunaithe ar an teanga chun luachan gan úsáid a ghiniúint agus mar sin de.
Úsáideann roinnt brabhsálaithe faisnéis teanga do Shimplíocht Shínis, traidisiúnta Shínis, Seapáinis agus Han Wenlai chun na clóis oiriúnacha a bhrath. Mar sin féin, i leathanach a úsáideann códú Unicode, d'fhéadfadh na teangacha seo an carachtar idéagrafach céanna a roinnt laistigh den chód. D'fhéadfadh daoine a labhraíonn na teangacha seo a bheith difriúil sna mionsonraí beaga a úsáidtear sna carachtair seo.
Ligeann faisnéis teanga marcála duit freisin eilimintí den teanga shonraithe a bhaint trí script a úsáid. Mar shampla, bain úsáid as an ngníomh XSLT lang () chun téacs teanga shonraithe a bhaint as comhad, nó chun stíl theanga-shonrach a chur i bhfeidhm nuair a dhéantar tiontú XSL-FO.
I go leor cásanna, an chéad uair a fhorbraíonn tú ábhar, b'fhéidir nach bhfuil tú ar an eolas faoi thábhacht na n-iarratas seo, cé go bhfuil siad go ginearálta an-éasca a chur leis nuair a cruthaítear iad, rud a d'fhéadfadh a bheith fadhbanna nuair a theastaíonn athrú stíl uait.
Ina theannta sin, tá roinnt cláir le haghaidh lipéadú teanga fós i mbun forbartha luath nó gan aon cheann acu, ach ó seo amach ba cheart duit faisnéis teanga a chur le do ábhar chun na buntáistí a bhaint amach sa todhchaí de réir mar a aibíonn an teicneolaíocht.
Ba cheart teanga doiciméad a dhearbhú i gcónaí i doiciméid HTML de ghnáth, rud is féidir a bhaint amach trí thréith lang a chur leis an lipéad HTML. Mar shampla, déantar doiciméad a úsáidtear Fraincis Cheanada (Fraincis Cheanada) a dhearbhú thíos:
Níos déanaí, beidh muid ag caint níos sonrach faoi luacha a shonrú le haghaidh tréithe teanga.
Nuair a chuirtear XHTML servo mar theachtaireacht/html, ba cheart duit an tréith lang agus an tréith Xml:lang a úsáid san eilimint HTML. Is é an réadmhaoin Xml:lang an úsáid chaighdeánach chun faisnéis teanga a chinneadh i XML. Seo mar ba chóir duit an sampla roimhe seo de XHTML 1.0 a mharcáil mar Servo téacs / html:
http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml "> Níl an mhaoin Xml:lang úsáideach nuair a bhíonn tú ag obair le comhaid HTML, ach ciallaíonn oidhreacht ón tréith lang gur mhaith leat go gcaithfeadh an script nó an bailíitheoir leis an doiciméad mar XML.
Má úsáideann tú XML (mar shampla, cineálacha MIME cosúil le apps/xhtml+xml) nó XHTML 1.1来 servo XHTML, ní gá duit an tréith lang a thuilleadh toisc go bhfuil sé scartha ón teanga HTML. Is leor go bhfuil réadmhaoin Xml:lang ar leithligh ann.
Déantar athruithe teanga a dhearbhú i gcónaí ar théacs
I dteanga atá difriúil ó phríomhtheanga an ábhair, ba cheart duit teanga an téacs a chur in iúl. Is é an modh céanna i gcónaí leis an alt maidir leis an teanga a dhearbhú sa
Is é an Fraincis do <em>Cat</em> ná <em lang= "FR" >chat</em>.
Is féidir an tréith lang a úsáid ar aon eilimint HTML seachas applets, base, Basefont, BR, Frame, frameset, IFRAME, Param, agus script.
Chomh maith leis sin, leis an searbhó téacs / html XHTML 1.0, is féidir leat dhá mhaoin a úsáid le chéile, mar shampla:
Is é an teideal i Síneach
xml:lang= "ZH-CN" > Ionad Faisnéise doiciméid Acadamh Eolaíochta na Síne </span>.</p>
Tabhair faoi deara sa sampla deireanach, nach bhfuil aon lipéad timpeall an téacs Sínis a ligeann dúinn faisnéis teanga a cheangal, mar sin cuirimid gné SPAN isteach chun ár gcuspóir a bhaint amach. (Le do thoil seiceáil an cód foinse don chuid seo - nóta aistritheoir)
Má tá tú ag úsáid XHTML seirbhíse XML, mar a thuairiscítear sa rannán roimhe seo, ba cheart duit an tréith Xml: lang a úsáid amháin.
Sonraigh luach na tréithe teanga
Ag baint úsáide as rialacha RFC 3066
Is caighdeán é RFC 3066 a shainmhíníonn conas a úsáidtear lipéid teanga chun teangacha a aithint.
Tá an lipéad teanga scartha ag príomh-fho-lipéad, agus ina dhiaidh sin 0 nó níos mó fo-lipéad ceangailte, roinnte ag hyphens.
Léiríonn an príomh-fho-chlabhra teanga (tá dhá eisceacht ann, I agus X, a phléitear thíos), agus is é aon fho-chlabhra deireanacha ná an dialekt nó úsáid na teanga a mhodhnú. Is gnách go léiríonn an fo-chlabhra sa chúl an stát, an diailct nó an córas scríbhneoireachta.
Léiríonn an sampla seo a leanas nach bhfuil an doiciméad i mBéarla amháin ach i mBéarla na Breataine freisin, is é sin, scríofa i mBéarla i gcomparáid le Béarla Mheiriceá.
Tá fo-chlabhra ag brath ar chais, lena n-áirítear litreacha agus uimhreacha ó a go Z, a go z, 0 go 9, agus ní níos mó ná 8 carachtar.
Tabhair faoi deara go molann sonraíocht HTML fós RFC 1766来 a úsáid chun an teanga a chinneadh. Is éard atá i RFC 3066 ná uasghrádú ar RFC 1766 agus tá sé thar a bheith sármhaith, agus tá plean ann don tábla mícheart sa tsonraíocht HTML, mar sin ba cheart duit RFC 3066 a úsáid is cuma conas a mhínítear an tsonraíocht HTML ag an gcéim seo.
Ní mór go mbeadh 1,2 nó 3 litir ar fad ag gach fo-chlabhra tosaigh. Is iad na fo-chód 2 agus 3 litir go léir na cóid teangacha i gCuid 2 de ISO 639 a shainmhíníonn an cód chun an teanga a léiriú. Is é an fho-chárta 1-litir réamhchomhartha i-nó X, a dhéanfaimid cur síos air níos déanaí.
Cé go bhfuil an cód case-saineolach, is minic a bhíonn siad i mbriathar beag, ach ní hé seo ach coinbhinsiún.
Tabhair faoi deara freisin go dtugann ISO rogha cóid 2 litir agus 3 litir nuair ba cheart duit 2 litir a roghnú. Cinntíonn sé seo go n-úsáidtear cód uathúil chomh tapa agus is féidir do gach teanga, le cód 2 litir atá beagán as dáta (bhunaithe ar RFC 1766, nach gceadaíonn cód 3 litir ar fhad) a athrú. Ag an am céanna, ní fadhb é cén cód trí litreacha ba cheart a sheachaint, ós rud é go bhfuil cóid dhá litreacha ag gach ceann de na teangacha beaga a bhfuil dhá chód trí litreacha éagsúla acu.
Is féidir le fo-chlabhra a chur leis an limistéar geografach, an diailíte, an córas téacs, nó feabhsuithe eile ar an bpríomh-chlabhra (teanga). Is féidir aon líon fo-chlabhraí a bheith i ndiaidh an phríomh-fho-chlabhraí, cé nach bhfuil níos mó ná ceann amháin coitianta.
Léiríonn RFC 3066 gur cód tíre ISO 3166 é aon fho-chód 2 litir atá suite sa dara háit. Níl aon rialacha ann maidir le fo-chlabhra a úsáid in aon tríú nó sa chéad áit eile.
Is gnách go bhfuil an cód ISO 2 litir a úsáidtear chun an tír a léiriú le caipitil, ach ní hé seo ach coinbhinsiún.
Máistir Subtag Speisialta.
Sainmhíníonn RFC 3066 roinnt samplaí nach bhféadfadh tús a chur leis an gcód teanga ISO.
Tá na crainn teanga a thosaíonn le I á gcur in áirithe do na crainn teanga clár IANA (crainn teanga atá cláraithe ag IANA). Seo roinnt samplaí:
Soláthraíonn an lipéad teanga X-Start widget le haghaidh lipéid teanga a shainmhínítear ag úsáideoir. Ní mór go mbeadh níos mó ná litir amháin ar an lipéad ar an suíomh tánaisteach agus ní féidir é a chur in áirithe do na SUBTAGanna seo a leanas: AA, QM-QZ, Xa-xz, agus ZZ.
Ar ndóigh, ní gá na modhanna seo a bhíonn ar an eolas faoin teanga a úsáid nuair a bhíonn an cód ISO bunaithe ar dhá litir nó trí litir ar fáil. Úsáidtear na modhanna seo chun mearbhall teangacha idir-inoibritheacha a theorannú nó a chosc.
IANA Lipéad teanga an chláir
Is féidir an lipéad teanga IANA a chlárú ag an gclár seolta ríomhphoist dá dtagraítear in RFC 3066. Is féidir go mbeidh 3 go 8 litir ar fad sna lipéid seo sa chód suíomh darach.
Tá clárú an chód IANA níos fearr ná cód sainithe ag úsáideoir a úsáid toisc go laghdaíonn sé an fhéidearthacht mearbhall toisc go bhfuil an cód IANA ceannasach do dhaoine eile. Ar an láimh eile, is ráiteas caighdeánach ISO é lipéad IANA a dhiúltaíodh
Is leagan Béarla den alt seo é atá ar fáil ar an suíomh gréasáin aliyun.com i dteanga na Síne agus tá sé ar fáil chun críocha faisnéise amháin. Ní dhéanann an suíomh Gréasáin seo aon léiriú ná ráthaíocht de chineál ar bith, cibé acu sainráite nó implisit, maidir le cruinneas, iomláine, úinéireacht nó
iontaofacht an ailt nó aon aistriúcháin de. Má tá aon imní nó gearán agat maidir leis an earra, cuir ríomhphost chugainn, ag cur cur síos mionsonraithe ar an imní nó ar an ngearán
gearán, chuig firstname.lastname@example.org. Cuirfidh ball den fhoireann teagmháil leat laistigh de 5 lá oibre. Nuair a bheidh sé fíoráilte, cuirfear ábhar sárúcháin ar fáil láithreach.
Tá foinse ábhar na leathanaigh seo ó Idirlíon, nach léiríonn tuairim Alibaba Cloud;
Tá an fhaisnéis seo ar fáil ar an suíomh Gréasáin, ach ní bhaineann an fhaisnéis seo le táirgí agus seirbhísí a luaitear ar an leathanach sin. Má tá an
má tá ábhar an leathanaigh ag cur mearbhall ort, scríobh ríomhphost chugainn le do thoil, déanfaidh muid an fhadhb a láimhseáil
laistigh de 5 lá tar éis do ríomhphost a fháil.
Má fhaigheann tú aon chásanna plagiarism ón bpobal, seol ríomhphost chuig:
agus fianaise ábhartha a sholáthar. Cuirfidh ball den fhoireann teagmháil leat laistigh de 5 lá oibre. |
(Coinciding with Trump’s first 100 days in Office — a period of time historically used as a benchmark to measure the potential of a new president — PRA will share readings, videos, and tools for organizing to inform our collective resistance based on principles for engaging the regime, defending human rights, and preventing authoritarianism. Daily readings will be posted on our Facebook and Twitter accounts and archived HERE.)
Week 6: Racism and White Supremacy
White supremacy is a term is used in various ways to describe a set of beliefs; organized White hate groups; or a system of racial oppression that benefits White people. As an ideology, it is the belief that the socially constructed “White race” is superior to other “races.” As a system, White supremacy in the U.S. is maintained when White people defend, deny, or ignore the reality of the continued systematic subordination and oppression of people of color. White supremacy is the most powerful form of racism in the US, and it has two major forms: racism by Whites used to justify the oppression of people of color; and the racialized construct of antisemitism in which Jews are falsely claimed to be a distinct non-White race, and are then deemed a sinister race.
Racial inequality remains deeply embedded within U.S. social and economic structures, even as its forms and justifications are in flux. Claims to White racial superiority, though not entirely dead, were largely washed aside by the civil rights struggles of the ’50s and ’60s. Since that time, so-called “colorblind” racism has become the dominant racial ideology in the United States. Opposition to affirmative action, indigenous treaty rights, and other government programs is commonly justified with the claim that equal rights among racial groups have been achieved and that we as a society are, or should be, “beyond race.” This belief in the diminishing importance of race makes it more, not less, likely that stark racial inequalities will persist since they will remain unchallenged.
To bolster their colorblind rhetoric, some sectors of the Right promote spokespeople – and provide patronage to conservative intellectuals and institutions – from communities of color. Growing immigration, especially from Latin America and Asia, threatens Whites’ numerical majority, and, along with the government’s massive post-911 campaign of racial profiling, is inspiring a nativist and White supremacist backlash. Anti-Semitic conspiracy theories have also experienced resurgence since the 911 attacks.
- How Colorblindness Co-Evolved with Free-Market Thinking by Michael Omi & Howard Winant
- Terror Network or Lone Wolf: Disparate Legal Treatment of Muslims and the Radical Right by Naomi Braine
- 35 Years of Demonization: The Criminalization of Black Women By Victoria Law
- 5 Right-Wing Media Narratives Attacking the ‘Black Lives Matter’ Movement by Spencer Sunshine
- See our Racial Justice Portal Page!
Via The Movement for Black Lives: “Almost two years ago, Kalief Browder died after suffering abuse and torture at Rikers Island for three years - all while he was waiting for a court date. This gross injustice happened because many of our towns still rely on money bail, a broken system that keeps Black people in jail even before they are ever convicted of anything.” Check out the interactive Transformative Bail Curriculum that M4BL co-created with partners across the country HERE. | <urn:uuid:b204199d-bff0-44a7-9a54-95271e5dd265> | CC-MAIN-2020-16 | https://www.politicalresearch.org/2017/03/06/first100days-crash-course-week-6 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585370497042.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20200330120036-20200330150036-00548.warc.gz | en | 0.943022 | 710 | 3.109375 | 3 | (Ag teacht le chéad 100 lá Trump san Oifig tréimhse ama a úsáidtear go stairiúil mar mhodh tagartha chun acmhainneacht uachtarán nua a thomhas Roinnfidh PRA léitheoireacht, físeáin, agus uirlisí chun eagraíocht a dhéanamh chun ár gcothromas comhchoiteann a chur ar an eolas bunaithe ar phrionsabail chun dul i ngleic leis an réimeas, cearta daonna a chosaint, agus údaráscóir a chosc. Cuirfear léitheoireacht laethúil ar fáil ar ár gcuntas Facebook agus Twitter agus a stóráil ANSEO.)
Seachtain 6: Racism and White Supremacy
Tá an supremacy bán téarma a úsáidtear ar bhealaí éagsúla chun cur síos a dhéanamh ar sraith de chreideamh; eagraithe White hate grúpaí; nó córas de éagóir ciníoch go bhfuil tairbhe daoine Bán. Mar idé-eolaíocht, is é an creideamh go bhfuil an Ras Bán a tógadh go sóisialta níos fearr ná Rasanna eile. Mar chóras, coinnítear uachtúlacht Bán sna Stáit Aontaithe nuair a chosnaíonn daoine Bán, a dhiúltú, nó a neamhaird ar réaltacht an fho-ordú agus an choiscthe leanúnach córais de dhaoine d'a dath. Is é an uasmhéid bán an cineál ciníochas is cumhachtaí sna Stáit Aontaithe, agus tá dhá fhoirm mhóra aige: ciníochas ag na Bán a úsáidtear chun an brú ar dhaoine dath a cheartú; agus an tógáil ciníoch d'antisemitism ina n-éileofar go bréagach go bhfuil Giúdaigh ina rás neamh-Bán ar leith, agus go meastar ansin gur rás olc iad.
Tá an t-éagothroime ciníoch fós suite go domhain laistigh de struchtúir shóisialta agus eacnamaíocha na Stát Aontaithe, fiú má tá a fhoirmeacha agus a fhíréantachtaí ag athrú. D'éirigh le hiarrachtaí cearta sibhialta na 50í agus na 60í éileamh ar uasmhéid ciníoch na bhFear, cé nach raibh siad marbh go hiomlán, a chaitheamh ar leataobh. Ón am sin, is é an rud ar a dtugtar colorblind ciníochas an idé-eolaíocht reáchtála i Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá. Is minic a chuirtear an fhianaise go bhfuil cearta comhionanna idir grúpaí ciníocha bainte amach agus go bhfuil muid mar shochaí, nó gur chóir dúinn a bheith, "taobh amuigh den chine". Déanann an creideamh seo i tábhacht ag laghdú na cine níos mó, ní níos lú, dóchúil go leanfaidh neamhionannais ciníoch láidir de réir mar a fhanfaidh siad gan dúshlán.
Chun a gcuid retoric dall dath a threisiú, cuireann roinnt earnálacha den Chéarais cainteoirí chun cinn agus soláthraíonn siad patrún do intleachtúla agus institiúidí coimeádach ó phobail dhath. Tá an inimirce atá ag fás, go háirithe ó Mheiriceá Laidineach agus ó Áise, ag bagairt ar thromlach uimhriúil na bhFéinne, agus, in éineacht le feachtas ollmhór an rialtais tar éis 9/11 maidir le próifílú ciníoch, tá sé ag spreagadh frithghníomh nativist agus uachtarachas Bán. Tá teoiricí comhcheilg frith-Shéimicigh tar éis teacht chun cinn arís ó ionsaithe 911 i ndiaidh.
- Conas a d'fhorbair an dallghluaiseacht le smaointeoireacht an mhargaidh saor in aisce ag Michael Omi & Howard Winant
- Líonra Sceimhlitheoireachta nó Lone Wolf: Cóireáil Dlí Eadránach Moslamach agus an Ceart radacach ag Naomi Braine
- 35 Bliain de Dhéamniú: An Coiriúnú ar Mná Dubha Le Dlí Victoria
- 5 Scéal Meáin Deas-Fhéinne ag Cúlghairm ar an Ghluaiseacht 'Black Lives Matter' le Spencer Sunshine
- Féach ar ár leathanach Portal Dlí Chirt Rásach!
Trí The Movement for Black Lives: Beagnach dhá bhliain ó shin, d'éag Kalief Browder tar éis dó mí-úsáid agus tortúr a fhulaingt in Oileán Rikers ar feadh trí bliana - agus é ag fanacht le dáta cúirte. Tharla an éagóir mhór seo toisc go bhfuil go leor dár mbailte ag brath ar bhaill airgid fós, córas briste a choinníonn daoine Dubha i bpríosún fiú sula ndéantar ciontú a dhéanamh orthu riamh. |
Several statistics jump off the page when analyzing statewide data on infectious diseases. The number of total STD cases in the state has been steadily increasing over recent years, and it also indicates that this is not likely to change. The data shows the rate for chlamydia is climbing at a particularly high rate. Chlamydia is one of the most common STDs, and it’s no surprise that it is one of the primary issues facing residents today.
In 2014, there were over 27,000 cases of chlamydia state wide. That number is noticeably higher when compared to national averages. HIV is another area where the state is seeing a jump in infection rates. The state suffered an extensive HIV outbreak in 2015. Some of the other statistics highlighting the growing HIV/AIDS crisis include,
- Over 5,700 residents are currently living with HIV.
- There were over 543 new diagnoses of HIV statewide in 2015.
- One town had over 192 HIV/AIDS cases in just one year.
Adolescents and young adults are often shy to seek information about testing. You can help combat the stigma by being proactive about sexual health and STD clinics. The resources are readily available, it’s up to you to take the initiative. If everyone makes a concentrated effort, the number of infected individuals will see a significant decline over the next few years. Don’t ignore the warning signs that are presented in the statistics.
STDs are significantly more prominent in younger members of the Indiana community, and this is one reason why sex education is so important. Currently, the state allows individual school districts to decide if sex education classes will be part of the curriculum. If they do, the information presented to students must be abstinence based. While abstaining from sexual intercourse will help lower the teen pregnancy rate, it will do little to stop the spread of most STDs.
This is because not all STDs are transmitted solely through intercourse. Some can be spread through casual contact. Without comprehensive sex education classes, students won’t know that they are at risk. This means that they also don’t understand the importance of regular STI testing even if they aren’t sexually active.
Surveys show that over 70 percent of graduating high school seniors have engaged in sexual activity at least once. Most teens do not use protection, and don’t understand how a condom can effectively prevent unplanned pregnancies and STDs. Until educators and state leaders implement sex education programs in the public schools, the state can expect to see its STD rates continue to rise.
Along with comprehensive sex education, regular Herpes testing in Indiana is the best way to stop the spread of the virus through area high schools. It is also important for students and residents to know how vital regular HIV testing in Indiana is for their continued good health. The simple test only takes a few minutes, and could potentially save your life.
Analyzing demographics is a key way that sexual health professionals can target their awareness efforts. Indiana is home to several colleges and universities. With large centers of young people living together, it’s a perfect recipe for an outbreak. Considering recent outbreaks, it is vital that Indiana residents are pro-active in their measures to ensure sexual health.
Homosexual men and injection drug users are statistically among those with the highest risk for contracting HIV. Injection drug use is often a direct cause of the positive HIV/AIDS diagnoses. Often, those the most at-risk for HIV feel too ashamed or embarrassed to seek testing and treatment. Without appropriate testing measures, there are few reliable ways to control STD outbreaks.
Without access to affordable treatment or sexual health education, it’s difficult for communities to keep themselves safe and healthy. As education efforts increase, clinicians hope to assist at-risk communities in controlling the spread of STDs. The more people in these communities know about the resources that are available, the less STDs will spread.
There are a variety of factors that contribute to the overall sexual health of a community. One of the most important is having access to information and community health centers. Even if you suspect you are clean, it never hurts to get yourself tested just in case. It is only through being pro-active that communities can eradicate STDs. If everyone increases their awareness and sexual safety, the entire community will benefit. If the embarrassment of standing in line is the reason you are putting off STD testing, there is a faster and easier way to take care of your sexual health. With one phone call you can schedule confidential STD testing and only spend a few minutes at a convenient lab. | <urn:uuid:6a8c6157-414f-44f1-92b0-d412d965ce4c> | CC-MAIN-2017-34 | https://www.saferstdtesting.com/free-std-testing/indiana | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-34/segments/1502886105326.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20170819070335-20170819090335-00689.warc.gz | en | 0.953079 | 936 | 3.0625 | 3 | Tá roinnt staitisticí ag titim as an leathanach nuair a dhéantar anailís ar shonraí ar fud an stáit maidir le galair ionfhabhtaithe. Tá líon iomlán na gcásanna STD sa stát ag méadú go seasta le blianta beaga anuas, agus léiríonn sé freisin nach dócha go n-athróidh sé seo. Léiríonn na sonraí go bhfuil an ráta le haghaidh chlamydia ag dul suas ag ráta an-ard. Tá Chlamydia ar cheann de na STDanna is coitianta, agus ní haon ionadh é go bhfuil sé ar cheann de na príomhcheisteanna atá os comhair cónaitheoirí inniu.
In 2014, bhí os cionn 27,000 cás de chlamydia ar fud an stáit. Tá an líon sin i bhfad níos airde i gcomparáid leis na meán náisiúnta. Is réimse eile é VEID ina bhfuil an stát ag féachaint ar léim i rátaí ionfhabhtaithe. Bhí ráig mhór VEID sa stát in 2015. I measc na staitisticí eile a léiríonn an ghéarchéim mhéadaithe VEID/SEIF tá,
- Tá os cionn 5,700 cónaitheoir ag maireachtáil le VEID faoi láthair.
- Bhí os cionn 543 diagnóis nua VEID ar fud na stáit in 2015.
- Bhí níos mó ná 192 cás VEID / SEIF i mbaile amháin i mbliana amháin.
Is minic a bhíonn náire ag déagóirí agus ag daoine fásta óga faisnéis a lorg faoi thástáil. Is féidir leat cabhrú leis an stigma a chomhrac trí bheith réamhghníomhach maidir le sláinte ghnéasach agus clinicí STD. Tá na hacmhainní ar fáil go héasca, is ar tú féin an tionscnamh a ghlacadh. Má dhéanann gach duine iarracht comhchruinnithe, beidh laghdú suntasach ar líon na ndaoine atá ionfhabhtaithe sna blianta beaga amach romhainn. Ná déan neamhaird ar na comharthaí rabhaidh a léirítear sna staitisticí.
Tá STDanna i bhfad níos suntasaí i mball níos óige den phobal Indiana, agus is é seo cúis amháin go bhfuil oideachas gnéis chomh tábhachtach. Faoi láthair, ceadaíonn an stát do cheantair scoile aonair cinneadh a dhéanamh an mbeidh ranganna oideachais gnéis mar chuid den churaclam. Má dhéanann siad, ní mór an fhaisnéis a chuirtear i láthair do mhic léinn a bheith bunaithe ar easpa. Cé go gcuideoidh staonadh ó ghnéas le ráta na toirchis óige a laghdú, ní dhéanfaidh sé mórán chun stop a chur le leathnú an chuid is mó de STDanna.
Tá sé seo toisc nach ndéantar gach STD a tharchur trí ghnéas gnéasach amháin. Is féidir cuid acu a scaipeadh trí theagmháil ócáideach. Gan ranganna cuimsitheacha oideachais ghnéasach, ní bheidh a fhios ag na mic léinn go bhfuil siad i mbaol. Ciallaíonn sé seo nach dtuigeann siad chomh maith an tábhacht a bhaineann le tástáil rialta ar STDanna fiú mura bhfuil siad gníomhach go gnéasach.
Léiríonn suirbhéanna go bhfuil níos mó ná 70 faoin gcéad de na daoine a bhfuil céim acu sa scoil ard páirteach i ngníomhaíocht ghnéasach uair amháin ar a laghad. Ní úsáideann an chuid is mó de na déagóirí cosaint, agus ní thuigeann siad conas is féidir le coiscín toirchis neamhphleanáilte agus STDanna a chosc go héifeachtach. Go dtí go gcuirfidh oideachasóirí agus ceannairí stáit cláir oideachais gnéis i bhfeidhm sna scoileanna poiblí, is féidir leis an stát a bheith ag súil go leanfaidh a rátaí STD ag ardú.
Chomh maith le hoideachas gnéasach cuimsitheach, is é tástáil Herpes rialta in Indiana an bealach is fearr chun scaipeadh an víris a stopadh trí mheánscoileanna an cheantair. Tá sé tábhachtach freisin do mhic léinn agus do chónaitheoirí a fháil amach cé chomh ríthábhachtach is atá tástáil rialta VEID in Indiana chun go leanfaidh siad ar aghaidh le dea-shláinte. Ní thógann an tástáil shimplí ach cúpla nóiméad, agus d'fhéadfadh sé do shaol a shábháil.
Is bealach tábhachtach é anailís a dhéanamh ar dhaonlathais chun go bhféadfaidh gairmithe sláinte gnéis a gcuid iarrachtaí feasachta a dhíriú. Tá roinnt coláistí agus ollscoileanna i Indiana. Le hionaid mhóra daoine óga ag maireachtáil le chéile, is é an t-oideas foirfe é do ráig. Ag cur san áireamh na ráigí le déanaí, tá sé ríthábhachtach go bhfuil cónaitheoirí Indiana réamhghníomhach ina mbeart chun sláinte ghnéasach a chinntiú.
Tá fir aeracha agus úsáideoirí drugaí insteallta go staidrimh i measc na ndaoine a bhfuil an baol is airde acu VEID a ghabháil. Is minic gur cúis dhíreach de dhiagnóisis dhearfacha VEID/SEIF é úsáid drugaí insteallta. Is minic a bhraitheann na daoine is mó atá i mbaol VEID náire nó náire a bheith ag lorg tástála agus cóireála. Gan bearta tástála iomchuí, níl ach cúpla bealach iontaofa ann chun ráigí STD a rialú.
Gan rochtain ar chóireáil inacmhainne nó ar oideachas sláinte gnéis, tá sé deacair do phobail iad féin a choinneáil sábháilte agus sláintiúil. De réir mar a mhéadaíonn iarrachtaí oideachais, tá súil ag cliniceoirí cuidiú le pobail atá i mbaol scaipeadh STDanna a rialú. An níos mó daoine sna pobail seo a bhfuil a fhios acu faoi na hacmhainní atá ar fáil, is lú STDanna a scaipeadh.
Tá go leor fachtóirí ann a chuireann le sláinte ghnéasach foriomlán phobail. Ceann de na cinn is tábhachtaí ná rochtain a bheith acu ar fhaisnéis agus ar ionaid sláinte pobail. Fiú má tá amhras ort go bhfuil tú glan, ní dhéanfaidh sé aon dochar duit féin a thástáil ar eagla go ndéanfaí. Ní féidir le pobail STDanna a dhíothú ach trí bheith réamhghníomhach. Má mhéadaíonn gach duine a gcuid feasachta agus sábháilteacht ghnéasach, beidh an pobal ar fad ag baint tairbhe as. Má tá an náire a bhaineann le seasamh i líne an chúis atá agat ag cur tástáil STD ar ceal, tá bealach níos tapúla agus níos éasca ann chun aire a thabhairt do do shláinte ghnéasach. Le glao amháin ar an bhfón is féidir leat tástáil rúnda STD a chur in áirithe agus gan ach cúpla nóiméad a chaitheamh i saotharlann áisiúil. |
Example with a context (Java: A Beginner's Guide, 6th Edition by Herbert Schildt):
OOP is a powerful way to approach the job of programming. Programming methodologies have changed dramatically since the invention of the computer, primarily to accommodate the increasing complexity of programs. For example, when computers were first invented, programming was done by toggling in the binary machine instructions using the computer's front panel.
I don't think I comprehend that part well enough. To toggle something basically means to switch it back and forth between two different states. But here, I'm really at a loss as to how I should interpret the action of toggling in this context. Plus, the preposition in also throws me off a little bit. | <urn:uuid:fbd66bb6-8f97-4d6e-97db-044e82427aaf> | CC-MAIN-2023-23 | https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/58136/toggle-in-what-does-this-phrasal-verb-mean | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224644506.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20230528182446-20230528212446-00626.warc.gz | en | 0.95549 | 153 | 3.046875 | 3 | Sampla le comhthéacs (Java: A Beginner's Guide, 6ú hIontráil le Herbert Schildt):
Is bealach cumhachtach é OOP chun cur chuige a dhéanamh ar an obair cláir. Tá modheolaíochtaí cláir tar éis athrú go suntasach ó tháinig an ríomhaire chun cinn, go príomha chun freastal ar chastacht na gclár atá ag méadú. Mar shampla, nuair a cruthaíodh ríomhairí den chéad uair, rinneadh clárú trí threoracha an mheaisín dhuainíneach a athrú trí úsáid a bhaint as painéal tosaigh an ríomhaire.
Ní dóigh liom go dtuigeann mé an chuid sin go maith go leor. Ciallaíonn togáil rud éigin go bunúsach é a aistriú ar ais agus amach idir dhá staid dhifriúla. Ach anseo, tá mé i ndáiríre ag caillteanas mar a ba chóir dom a léiriú an gníomh toggling sa chomhthéacs seo. Ina theannta sin, an preposition i freisin throws mé amach le beagán. |
What Your Need to Know About Metalizing Paint
Metalizing paint, also known as thermal spray coating, is basically the process of effectively applying a thin metallic contrite on a substrate; this is done in order to protect the material against physical wear and corrosion. Alloys, aluminium and zinc the metals typically used in the process. The metals will either be heated with the help of a flame or electronically before it can be sprayed over a substrate; before the substrate can be sprayed with the metalizing paint, it has to go through surface preparation.
Metalizing paint can offer great protection on metals and concrete against corrosion but you can add metalizing paint on top of every metal or concrete area you own; the area has to be strong enough to handle the surface preparation, which involves a lot of blasters and cleaners. In metalizing paint, pure aluminium and zinc-aluminum alloy are incredibly effective marine coatings. The most common customers of thermal spray coatings include piers, bridges, locks and dams as well as other onshore and offshore facilities.
Advantage of Metalizing Paint
Because of the fact that VOCs (volatile emission compounds) are not emitted during the metalizing process, in a lot of ways, it’s safe; VOCs come from specific solvents and metalizing paint contains no solvents. Hundreds of owners and painters are looking into all the options to limit the emission of VOCs from their process since environmental regulations are against it. Metalizing has increased in popularity due to the circumstance; apart from not emitting VOCs, metalizing projects also doesn’t require cure times. Assets that undergo metalizing can be quickly placed back in server as soon as the process is completed; for some it might not seem like all that big of a deal but for companies that lose revenue whenever there’s a downtime, it means a lot.
No matter what the condition might be, metalizing can be done; compared to paint-based coatings that require certain conditions for the process, the metals and alloys in metalizing allows it to be effectively applied regardless of the humidity or temperature. So as another advantage metalizing projects can be done whatever the seasons or whether might be, may it rains cats and dogs or the heat of the sun becomes too much and everything in between; the only real concern will be the safety of the workers.
Even though metalizing is often compared to hot-dip galvanisation due to a handful of similarities, metalizing still has advantages over the other process. The first advantage would be that metalizing is the feasible solution for the much bigger structures because of its spray application; even deconstruction is impossible or not actually cost-effective. Due to the process involved in metalizing, the substrates remain at cool temperatures which is a different story when hot-dip galvanisation is used; because of the fact that metalizing only used a spray application, it won’t pose any possible damage or distortion to the substrate. | <urn:uuid:f3bc6529-c13d-4fe7-bf62-46b60e1addf7> | CC-MAIN-2020-16 | https://rentpuntacana.com/why-metalizing-arent-as-bad-as-you-think.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585371810617.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20200408041431-20200408071931-00400.warc.gz | en | 0.946205 | 614 | 2.640625 | 3 | Cad is gá duit a fhios faoi Phéint Metalizing
Is éard atá i bpeant meitiliúcháin, ar a dtugtar sciathadh teiriúil freisin, go bunúsach an próiseas chun contrite miotalach tanaí a chur i bhfeidhm go héifeachtach ar bhonn; déantar é seo d'fhonn an t-ábhar a chosaint ar chaitheamh fisiciúil agus ar chorrú. Déantús, alúmanam agus sinc na miotail a úsáidtear de ghnáth sa phróiseas. Beidh na miotail a théamh le cabhair ó lasair nó go leictreonach sula bhféadfar é a spraeáil ar bhonn; sula bhféadfar an bonn a spraeáil leis an péint meitealaithe, ní mór dó dul trí ullmhúchán dromchla.
Is féidir le péint mhéatailíse a thairiscint cosaint mhór ar mhiotail agus ar shéideadh i gcoinne creimeadh ach is féidir leat péint mhéatailíse a chur ar bharr gach limistéar miotail nó shéide a bhfuil tú; caithfidh an limistéar a bheith láidir go leor chun ullmhú an dromchla a láimhseáil, rud a chuimsíonn go leor spréachadóirí agus glanadóirí. I péint mhéatail, tá alúmanam íon agus cóimhiotal sinc-alúmanam ina gcuach mara thar a bheith éifeachtach. I measc na gcustaiméirí is coitianta a bhfuil cótaí spraeála teiriúil acu tá piallaí, droichid, sliseanna agus damha chomh maith le saoráidí eile ar an talamh agus ar muir.
Buntáiste na Pince Miotalaithe
Mar gheall ar an bhfíric nach scaoiltear VOCanna (comhlachtaí astaíochtaí éadránacha) le linn an phróisis miotailithe, i go leor bealaí, tá sé sábháilte; tagann VOCanna ó leáirí sonracha agus níl aon leáirí sa phéint miotailithe. Tá na céadta úinéir agus péinteoirí ag féachaint ar na roghanna go léir chun astaíochtaí VOCanna a theorannú óna bpróiseas toisc go bhfuil rialacháin chomhshaoil i gcoinne. Tá méadú tagtha ar an tóir atá ar mhéadaíocht mar gheall ar an imthosca; seachas nach scaoilfidh VOCanna, ní gá amanna cóireála a bheith ag tionscadail mhéadaíochta. Is féidir sócmhainní a dhéantar meitiliú orthu a chur ar ais go tapa ar an bhfreastalaí a luaithe a bheidh an próiseas críochnaithe; d'fhéadfadh sé nach bhfuil sé cosúil le cuid den mhór-déileáil ach do chuideachtaí a chailleann ioncam aon uair a bhíonn am lasmuigh, ciallaíonn sé go leor.
Is féidir meitiliú a dhéanamh, is cuma cén riocht a d'fhéadfadh a bheith ann; i gcomparáid le sciatháin bunaithe ar pheanta a éilíonn coinníollacha áirithe don phróiseas, ceadaíonn na miotail agus na cóimhiotail i meitiliú é a chur i bhfeidhm go héifeachtach is cuma cén taise nó teocht atá ann. Mar sin, is féidir tionscadail miotailithe a dhéanamh cibé sé na séasúir nó cibé acu a d'fhéadfadh a bheith ann, d'fhéadfadh sé go rachadh sé cait agus madraí nó go dtarlódh teas an ghrian ró-mhór agus gach rud idir; is é an t-aon imní fíor ná sábháilteacht na n-oibrithe.
Cé go ndéantar metailíocht a chur i gcomparáid go minic le galvanization te-leamh mar gheall ar roinnt cosúlachtaí, tá buntáistí fós ag metailíocht i gcomparáid leis an bpróiseas eile. Is é an chéad buntáiste ná go bhfuil an réiteach is féidir le haghaidh struchtúir i bhfad níos mó ná an miotail mar gheall ar a chur i bhfeidhm spraeála; ní féidir fiú an dí-dhearadh a dhéanamh nó ní costéifeachtach é i ndáiríre. Mar gheall ar an bpróiseas a bhaineann le miotailú, fanann na substaintí ag teocht fuar, rud atá difriúil nuair a úsáidtear galvanization te; toisc nach n-úsáidtear miotailú ach iarratas spraeála, ní chuirfidh sé aon damáiste nó claonadh féideartha ar an substaint. |
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