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CATEGORY GAP IMPLEMENTATION CHALLENGE POTENTIAL GAIN Estimated research costEstimated scientific challengeFor taking management actionFor better understanding biological invasions Interoperable data for monitoring invasive alien species and effects of drivers of biodiversity change Lack of integration of impact data and knowledge sources across languages {4.7.2} Incomplete data to undertake risk management, cost-effective species-based surveillance and detection of fungi, microbes and marine pests {Table 5.11} Incomplete data to prioritize biological invasion management under climate, sea- and land-use change {5.6.1.3} Lack of inventories at fine scales and for specific taxon and biome contexts to support decision-makers in determining when to implement species-based or site-based management (or both) {5.6.2.1, 5.7} Incomplete data to develop pathway risk assessments and management for different taxonomic groups and biomes {Table 5.11, 5.6.2.5} Incomplete data and understanding of site-based and ecosystembased management concepts {5.6.2.1} Incomplete data and understanding of the conditions that facilitate successful integration of policy developments into management plans {6.6.1.4} Lack of indicators of the various dimensions of biological invasion that are policy-relevant, sensitive, reliable, relevant at national and global scales, sustained for medium-to-long-term tracking of progress and part of a responsive policy environment {6.6.3} Gaps in how invasive alien species affect nature's contributions to people Incomplete data on impacts on nature's contributions to people and good quality of life {4.7.2} Management and policy approaches Lack of control options for marine invasive alien species and invasive alien microbial fungal pathogens of plants and animals {5.6.1.1} Lack of agreed-upon methods of supporting management decisionmaking for invasive alien species with both positive and negative impacts {5.6.1.2} Lack of methods of managing pathways for invasive alien species arriving as contaminants, or through shipping containers, e-commerce (legal/illegal), biofouling or ports, and across land borders and along trade supply chains {Table 5.11, 5.6.2.4} Lack of methods for adaptive management of invasive alien invertebrates and plants using alternative approaches given the declining number of chemical control options {5.6.2.5} Lack of eradication guidelines and strategies for generalist invasive alien invertebrates, diseases and hard-to-detect freshwater and marine invasive alien species {5.6.2.1, Table 5.11} Lack of scenarios and models of invasive alien species that consider interactions with other drivers of global change {2.6.5, 6.6.1.6} Missing information on the implementation of adaptive-collaborative governance for biological invasions and factors important to the success of that governance strategy {6.4.4.5} Incomplete data on the effectiveness of policies, management strategies and actions related to biological invasions {6.1.3, 6.6.3}
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THE THEMATIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONTROL 49SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS CATEGORY GAP IMPLEMENTATION CHALLENGE POTENTIAL GAIN Estimated research costEstimated scientific challengeFor taking management actionFor better understanding biological invasions Gaps to fill to support the implementation of policy and management Lack of tools and frameworks to predict biological invasions {6.2.1, 6.6.1.6, 6.7.2.7} Lack of tools to reduce the barriers to information-sharing within and across countries {6.6.2} Lack of research and data on how best to implement integrated governance systems to manage biological invasions {6.6.1.3, 6.6.1.4, 6.6.2} Design principles for an integrated governance system to manage biological invasions {6.7.2.3, 6.7.3} Lack of mechanisms that allow effective collaboration among different elements of the socioecological systems {Figure 6.7, 6.7} Gaps in knowledge on invasive alien species of particular relevance to Indigenous Peoples and local communities Lack of information on invasive alien species status and trends on land and water managed by Indigenous Peoples and local communities {Box 2.6} Lack of information on Indigenous and local knowledge, values and culture regarding the drivers and impacts of invasive alien species on land and water managed by Indigenous Peoples and local communities {1.6.7.1, Box 3.12} Lack of understanding of and mechanisms for sharing knowledge on invasive alien species and their drivers, impacts, management and governance among Indigenous Peoples and local communities and researchers and other outsiders {6.6.1.5} Lack of consideration of the knowledge and perceptions of Indigenous Peoples and local communities in scenarios and models {1.6.7.3, 4.7.1, 6.6.1.6} a A headline indicator has been adopted for planning and tracking of progress towards Target 6 of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, with opportunities to build on existing indicators for biological invasions {6.6.3}. Very low Low Intermediate High Very high
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CATEGORY GAP IMPLEMENTATION CHALLENGE POTENTIAL GAIN Estimated research costEstimated scientific challengeFor taking management actionFor better understanding biological invasions Gaps to fill to support the implementation of policy and management Lack of tools and frameworks to predict biological invasions {6.2.1, 6.6.1.6, 6.7.2.7} Lack of tools to reduce the barriers to information-sharing within and across countries {6.6.2} Lack of research and data on how best to implement integrated governance systems to manage biological invasions {6.6.1.3, 6.6.1.4, 6.6.2} Design principles for an integrated governance system to manage biological invasions {6.7.2.3, 6.7.3} Lack of mechanisms that allow effective collaboration among different elements of the socioecological systems {Figure 6.7, 6.7} Gaps in knowledge on invasive alien species of particular relevance to Indigenous Peoples and local communities Lack of information on invasive alien species status and trends on land and water managed by Indigenous Peoples and local communities {Box 2.6} Lack of information on Indigenous and local knowledge, values and culture regarding the drivers and impacts of invasive alien species on land and water managed by Indigenous Peoples and local communities {1.6.7.1, Box 3.12} Lack of understanding of and mechanisms for sharing knowledge on invasive alien species and their drivers, impacts, management and governance among Indigenous Peoples and local communities and researchers and other outsiders {6.6.1.5} Lack of consideration of the knowledge and perceptions of Indigenous Peoples and local communities in scenarios and models {1.6.7.3, 4.7.1, 6.6.1.6} a A headline indicator has been adopted for planning and tracking of progress towards Target 6 of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, with opportunities to build on existing
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THE THEMATIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONTROL 50SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS APPENDIX 3 Examples of data and knowledge products Information components including description and importance of the information for documenting and managing biological invasions of existing invasive alien species databases that may provide relevant information. Websites are provided at the first mention of each database (see chapter 2 for databases relevant for status and trends and chapter 6, section 6.6.3 for databases supporting policy options). Gaps identified within the data and knowledge products are also given {Table 5.4}. Fields Description Database purpose Examples of data and knowledge products Identified gaps Taxonomy Scientific name, higher taxonomy, synonyms, common names Name consistency and locating specimens * GBIF - https://www.gbif.org/ * World Register of Introduced Marine Species - http://www.marinespecies.org/introduced/ * FishBase - https://fishbase.org/ * Plant List - http://www.theplantlist.org/ * The Reptile Database - http://www.reptile-database.org/ * AlgaeBase - https://www.algaebase.org/ * IUCN Red List of Threatened Species - https://www.iucnredlist.org/ Underrepresented biomes and taxa Identification Identification guides, diagnostic tools Correct identification, early detection * iNaturalist - https://www.inaturalist.org * Lucidcentral - https://www.lucidcentral.org * Antweb - a comprehensive diagnostic tool for ants - http://antweb.org/ * Plant net - https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/ * eBird - https://ebird.org/home * BioNET - EAFRINET - https://keys.lucidcentral.org/ keys/v3/eafrinet/plants.htm * Portaleei Latin America - http://portaleei.fcien.edu.uy/ Ecology Including habitat, species interactions (e.g., host species) Management risk assessment * Global Invasive Species Database (GISD) - http://www.iucngisd.org/gisd * Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International Invasive Species Compendium - https://www.cabi.org/isc * FishBase * National invasive alien species databases - http://www.inbiar.uns.edu.ar/; http://bd.institutohorus.org.br; https://caribbeaninvasives.org; https://sieei.udelar.edu.uy; https://guyra.org.py; https://invasoras.biodiversidad.gob.ec Spatial data Distribution, native and introduced range, occurrence Origin, management, risk assessment * Global Invasive Species Database * Global Register of Introduced and Invasive Species (GRIIS) - http://www.griis.org/ (Pagad et al., 2018, 2022b, 2022a) {Table 5.4} * Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International Invasive Species Compendium * FishBase * Global Naturalized Alien Flora (GloNAF) - https://glonaf.org
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Fields Description Database purpose Examples of data and knowledge products Identified gaps Taxonomy Scientific name, higher taxonomy, synonyms, common names Name consistency and locating specimens * GBIF - https://www.gbif.org/ * World Register of Introduced Marine Species - http://www.marinespecies.org/introduced/ * FishBase - https://fishbase.org/ * Plant List - http://www.theplantlist.org/ * The Reptile Database - http://www.reptile-database.org/ * AlgaeBase - https://www.algaebase.org/ * IUCN Red List of Threatened Species - https://www.iucnredlist.org/ Underrepresented biomes and taxa Identification Identification guides, diagnostic tools Correct identification, early detection * iNaturalist - https://www.inaturalist.org * Lucidcentral - https://www.lucidcentral.org * Antweb - a comprehensive diagnostic tool for ants - http://antweb.org/ * Plant net - https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/ * eBird - https://ebird.org/home * BioNET - EAFRINET - https://keys.lucidcentral.org/ keys/v3/eafrinet/plants.htm * Portaleei Latin America - http://portaleei.fcien.edu.uy/ Ecology Including habitat, species interactions (e.g., host species) Management risk assessment * Global Invasive Species Database (GISD) - http://www.iucngisd.org/gisd * Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International Invasive Species Compendium - https://www.cabi.org/isc * FishBase * National invasive alien species databases - http://www.inbiar.uns.edu.ar/; http://bd.institutohorus.org.br; https://caribbeaninvasives.org; https://sieei.udelar.edu.uy; https://guyra.org.py; https://invasoras.biodiversidad.gob.ec Spatial data Distribution, native and introduced range, occurrence Origin, management, risk assessment * Global Invasive Species Database * Global Register of Introduced and Invasive Species (GRIIS) - http://www.griis.org/ (Pagad et al., 2018, 2022b, 2022a) {Table 5.4} * Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International Invasive Species Compendium * FishBase * Global Naturalized Alien Flora (GloNAF) - https://glonaf.org
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THE THEMATIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONTROL 51SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS Fields Description Database purpose Examples of data and knowledge products Identified gaps Spatial data Distribution, native and introduced range, occurrence Origin, Management, Risk assessment * Global Avian Invasions Atlas - https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.4234850.v1 * SeaLifeBase - https://www.sealifebase.ca * WOAH - https://www.woah.org/en/what-we-do/ animal-health-and-welfare/disease-data-collection/ world-animal-health-information-system/ * European Alien Species Information Network - https://easin.jrc.ec.europa.eu/easin/# * Pacific Islands Ecosystems at Risk - http://www.hear.org/pier/ * Species observations for the United States and Territories - https://www.gbif.us * Atlas of Living Australia. Analytic software platforms, extensive and open source - www.ala.org.au * National invasive alien species databases * Biomodelos - Biomodels of potential distribution maps and invasive species fauna and flora in Colombia - http://biomodelos.humboldt.org.co/en * International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List of Threatened Species * Regional plant protection organizations - https://www.ippc.int/en/external-cooperation/ regional-plant-protection-organizations/ Status and provenance Biological invasion status in introduced range including abundance, occurrence (extent of spread) and invasiveness Origin, prioritization and management prioritization * Global Invasive Species Database * Global Register of Introduced and Invasive Species * Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International Invasive Species Compendium * FishBase * European Alien Species Information Network * Pacific Islands Ecosystems at Risk * World Register of Introduced Marine Species * SeaLifeBase - https://www.sealifebase.ca/ * WOAH World Animal Health Information System - disease status * National invasive alien species databases Primary and secondary pathways Intentional or unintentional pathways of introduction and spread Biosecurity management * Global Invasive Species Database * Global Register of Introduced and Invasive Species * Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International Invasive Species Compendium * FishBase * European Alien Species Information Network * Pacific Islands Ecosystems at Risk * World Register of Introduced Marine Species * Database on Introductions of Aquatic Species * IPPC Documentation on ISPM - https://www.ippc. int/en/core-activities/standards-setting/ispms/ * National invasive alien species databases - http://www.inbiar.uns.edu.ar/ Secondary pathways classification inconsistent or missing Monitoring and surveillance Data from multiple sources in a real time Early detection * Early Detection and Distribution Mapping System - https://www.eddmaps.org/ Impact Environmental and socioeconomic impacts, mechanisms of impact, outcomes of these impacts and ecosystem services impacted Risk assessment policy management * Global Invasive Species Database * Global Register of Introduced and Invasive Species * Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International Invasive Species Compendium No transparent, standardized way to report on impacts
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Fields Description Database purpose Examples of data and knowledge products Identified gaps Spatial data Distribution, native and introduced range, occurrence Origin, Management, Risk assessment * Global Avian Invasions Atlas - https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.4234850.v1 * SeaLifeBase - https://www.sealifebase.ca * WOAH - https://www.woah.org/en/what-we-do/ animal-health-and-welfare/disease-data-collection/ world-animal-health-information-system/ * European Alien Species Information Network - https://easin.jrc.ec.europa.eu/easin/# * Pacific Islands Ecosystems at Risk - http://www.hear.org/pier/ * Species observations for the United States and Territories - https://www.gbif.us * Atlas of Living Australia. Analytic software platforms, extensive and open source - www.ala.org.au * National invasive alien species databases * Biomodelos - Biomodels of potential distribution maps and invasive species fauna and flora in Colombia - http://biomodelos.humboldt.org.co/en * International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List of Threatened Species * Regional plant protection organizations - https://www.ippc.int/en/external-cooperation/ regional-plant-protection-organizations/ Status and provenance Biological invasion status in introduced range including abundance, occurrence (extent of spread) and invasiveness Origin, prioritization and management prioritization * Global Invasive Species Database * Global Register of Introduced and Invasive Species * Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International Invasive Species Compendium * FishBase * European Alien Species Information Network * Pacific Islands Ecosystems at Risk * World Register of Introduced Marine Species * SeaLifeBase - https://www.sealifebase.ca/ * WOAH World Animal Health Information System - disease status * National invasive alien species databases Primary and secondary pathways Intentional or unintentional pathways of introduction and spread Biosecurity management * Global Invasive Species Database * Global Register of Introduced and Invasive Species * Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International Invasive Species Compendium * FishBase * European Alien Species Information Network * Pacific Islands Ecosystems at Risk * World Register of Introduced Marine Species * Database on Introductions of Aquatic Species * IPPC Documentation on ISPM - https://www.ippc. int/en/core-activities/standards-setting/ispms/ * National invasive alien species databases - http://www.inbiar.uns.edu.ar/ Secondary pathways classification inconsistent or missing Monitoring and surveillance Data from multiple sources in a real time Early detection * Early Detection and Distribution Mapping System - https://www.eddmaps.org/ Impact Environmental and socioeconomic impacts, mechanisms of impact, outcomes of these impacts and ecosystem services impacted Risk assessment policy management * Global Invasive Species Database * Global Register of Introduced and Invasive Species * Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International Invasive Species Compendium No transparent, standardized way to report on impacts
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THE THEMATIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONTROL 52SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS Fields Description Database purpose Examples of data and knowledge products Identified gaps Impact Environmental and socioeconomic impacts, mechanisms of impact, outcomes of these impacts and ecosystem services impacted Risk assessment policy management * InvaCost database - https://figshare.com/articles/ dataset/InvaCost_References_and_description_ of_economic_cost_estimates_associated_with_ biological_invasions_worldwide_/12668570/4 * Millennium ecosystem assessment - https://www.millenniumassessment.org * IUCN Red List of Threatened Species - https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/threatclassification-scheme * FishBase No transparent, standardized way to report on impacts Risk assessments Developed risk assessments with outcomes Management * Global Invasive Species Database * Pacific Islands Ecosystems at Risk * Environmental Impact Classification of Alien Taxa and the Socio-Economic Impact Classification for Alien Taxa * Global Compendium of Weeds - http://www.hear.org/gcw/ * East and South European Network for Invasive Alien Species - www.esenias.org * Pacific Invasive Ants Toolkit - http://www.piat.org.nz/ * National invasive alien species databases Policy response Legislations enacted, regulations, voluntary codes of conduct Policy management * ECOLEX - https://www.ecolex.org * FAOLEX - fao.org/faolex/en/ * InforMEA - United Nations Information Portal on Multilateral Agreements - https://www.informea.org * EU Regulations - https://ec.europa.eu/environment/ nature/invasivealien/index_en.htm Databases not searchable for invasive alien species Eradication Successes Management * DIISE - http://diise.islandconservation.org/ * Global Eradication and Response Database - http://b3.net.nz/gerda/ * National invasive alien species databases Control Management practices, failure, best practices, biocontrol Management * Pacific Islands Ecosystems at Risk * Database of introductions of insect biological control agents for the control of insect pests (Cock et al., 2016) {Table 5.4} * Biological Control of Weeds. A world catalogue of agents and their target weeds - https://www.ibiocontrol.org/ * iMapInvasives - sharing information for strategic management - https://www.imapinvasives.org * Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International Invasive Species Compendium * Pacific Invasive Ant Toolkit * Caribbean Invasive Alien Species Network - https://caribbeaninvasives.org/ * Database of Island Invasive Species Eradications * Global Eradication and Response Database * Early Detection and Distribution Mapping System * East and South European Network for Invasive Alien Species * National invasive alien species databases No standardized way to report on management outcomes
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Fields Description Database purpose Examples of data and knowledge products Identified gaps Impact Environmental and socioeconomic impacts, mechanisms of impact, outcomes of these impacts and ecosystem services impacted Risk assessment policy management * InvaCost database - https://figshare.com/articles/ dataset/InvaCost_References_and_description_ of_economic_cost_estimates_associated_with_ biological_invasions_worldwide_/12668570/4 * Millennium ecosystem assessment - https://www.millenniumassessment.org * IUCN Red List of Threatened Species - https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/threatclassification-scheme * FishBase No transparent, standardized way to report on impacts Risk assessments Developed risk assessments with outcomes Management * Global Invasive Species Database * Pacific Islands Ecosystems at Risk * Environmental Impact Classification of Alien Taxa and the Socio-Economic Impact Classification for Alien Taxa * Global Compendium of Weeds - http://www.hear.org/gcw/ * East and South European Network for Invasive Alien Species - www.esenias.org * Pacific Invasive Ants Toolkit - http://www.piat.org.nz/ * National invasive alien species databases Policy response Legislations enacted, regulations, voluntary codes of conduct Policy management * ECOLEX - https://www.ecolex.org * FAOLEX - fao.org/faolex/en/ * InforMEA - United Nations Information Portal on Multilateral Agreements - https://www.informea.org * EU Regulations - https://ec.europa.eu/environment/ nature/invasivealien/index_en.htm Databases not searchable for invasive alien species Eradication Successes Management * DIISE - http://diise.islandconservation.org/ * Global Eradication and Response Database - http://b3.net.nz/gerda/ * National invasive alien species databases Control Management practices, failure, best practices, biocontrol Management * Pacific Islands Ecosystems at Risk * Database of introductions of insect biological control agents for the control of insect pests (Cock et al., 2016) {Table 5.4} * Biological Control of Weeds. A world catalogue of agents and their target weeds - https://www.ibiocontrol.org/ * iMapInvasives - sharing information for strategic management - https://www.imapinvasives.org * Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International Invasive Species Compendium * Pacific Invasive Ant Toolkit * Caribbean Invasive Alien Species Network - https://caribbeaninvasives.org/ * Database of Island Invasive Species Eradications * Global Eradication and Response Database * Early Detection and Distribution Mapping System * East and South European Network for Invasive Alien Species * National invasive alien species databases No standardized way to report on management outcomes
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* Caribbean Invasive Alien Species Network - https://caribbeaninvasives.org/
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INTERGOVERNMENTAL SCIENCE-POLICY PLATFORM ON BIODIVERSITY AND ECOSYSTEM SERVICES (IPBES) IPBES Secretariat, UN Campus Platz der Vereinten Nationen 1, D-53113 Bonn, Germany Tel. +49 (0) 228 815 0570 secretariat@ipbes.net www.ipbes.net The Intergovernmental SciencePolicy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) is the intergovernmental body which assesses the state of biodiversity and ecosystem services, in response to requests from Governments, the private sector and civil society. The mission of IPBES is to strengthen the science-policy interface for biodiversity and ecosystem services for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, long-term human well-being and sustainable development. IPBES has a collaborative partnership arrangement with UNEP, UNESCO, FAO and UNDP. Its secretariat is hosted by the German government and located on the UN campus, in Bonn, Germany. Scientists from all parts of the world contribute to the work of IPBES on a voluntary basis. They are nominated by their government or an organisation, and selected by the Multidisciplinary Expert Panel (MEP) of IPBES. Peer review forms a key component of the work of IPBES to ensure that a range of views is reflected in its work, and that the work is complete to the highest scientific standards. 9 783947 851355
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