Datasets:

VityaVitalich

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adaptive_rag_squad

like 0

[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "Catholicism" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "half in the last forty years. Presbyterian influence, especially through Princeton theology can be traced in modern Evangelicalism. Balmer says that: In the late 1800s, Presbyterian missionaries established a presence in what is now northern New Mexico. This provided an alternative to the Catholicism, which was brought to the area by the Spanish Conquistadors and had remained unchanged. The area experienced a \"mini\" reformation, in that many converts were made to Presbyterianism, prompting persecution. In some cases, the converts left towns and villages to establish their own neighboring villages. The arrival of the United States to the area prompted the", "title": "Presbyterianism" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "half in the last forty years. Presbyterian influence, especially through Princeton theology can be traced in modern Evangelicalism. Balmer says that: In the late 1800s, Presbyterian missionaries established a presence in what is now northern New Mexico. This provided an alternative to the Catholicism, which was brought to the area by the Spanish Conquistadors and had remained unchanged. The area experienced a \"mini\" reformation, in that many converts were made to Presbyterianism, prompting persecution. In some cases, the converts left towns and villages to establish their own neighboring villages. The arrival of the United States to the area prompted the", "title": "Presbyterianism" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "the National Eisteddfod of Wales). 32.1% of people in Wales declared no religion in 2011, compared with 18.5% in 2001. Religion in Wales Christianity is the largest religion in Wales. Until 1920 the established church was the Church of England, but from 1920 the disestablished Church in Wales, still Anglican, was self-governing. Wales also has a strong tradition of nonconformism, including Methodism. Most adherents to organised religion in Wales follow the Church in Wales or other Christian denominations such as the Presbyterian Church of Wales, Catholicism, Baptist and Methodist churches, and Eastern Orthodoxy. Other religions Welsh people may be affiliated", "title": "Religion in Wales" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Religion in Wales Christianity is the largest religion in Wales. Until 1920 the established church was the Church of England, but from 1920 the disestablished Church in Wales, still Anglican, was self-governing. Wales also has a strong tradition of nonconformism, including Methodism. Most adherents to organised religion in Wales follow the Church in Wales or other Christian denominations such as the Presbyterian Church of Wales, Catholicism, Baptist and Methodist churches, and Eastern Orthodoxy. Other religions Welsh people may be affiliated with include Buddhism, Hinduism, Judaism, Islam, Sikhism and Druidism, with most non-Christian Welsh people found in the large cities of", "title": "Religion in Wales" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "H. Ross, the former taipan of Jardines when he first went to Hong Kong in 1903. In 1904, he won the Professional Cup on a pony named Runaway Girl, purchased from W. A. Cruickshank. From 1903 to 1919, he rode in 1,178 races, winning 334, securing 192 seconds and 186 thirds, being unplaced 466 times, excluding the record of minor events such as Off Days or Gymkhanas. He was also the President of the St. Andrew's Society. He left Hong Kong on 31 March 1921 for home by the \"Empress of Asia\". John Johnstone (businessman) John Johnstone (born 1881) was", "title": "John Johnstone (businessman)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hikitia Hikitia is a working self-propelled floating steam crane in Wellington, New Zealand. She is thought to be the only working steam crane of her type in the world. She is also the sister ship to the \"Rapaki\", formerly of the Port of Lyttelton, which is now at the New Zealand Maritime Museum. Twin screws are driven by surface-condensing direct-drive compound engines which were supplied with steam by a coal-fired Scotch boiler with two furnaces. A similar but oil-fired boiler replaced the original boiler in 1963. In 1980 this was also removed and the present two locally made small modern", "title": "Hikitia" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "of his high head\", and \"the water-snakes of the monster's viperish feet crawl into the caverns underground, spitting poison!\". Following Hesiod and others, Nonnus gives Typhon many heads (though untotaled), but in addition to snake heads, Nonnus also gives Typhon many other animal heads, including leopards, lions, bulls, boars, bears, cattle, wolves, and dogs, which combine to make 'the cries of all wild beasts together', and a \"babel of screaming sounds\". Nonnus also gives Typhon \"legions of arms innumerable\", and where Nicander had only said that Typhon had \"many\" hands, and Ovid had given Typhon a hundred hands, Nonnus gives", "title": "Typhon" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "St. Lawrence's Church, Warsaw St. Lawrence's Church () is a Roman Catholic church located in Warsaw's borough of Wola. A neoclassicist building, the site is best known as the central point of Polish \"Redoubt No. 56\" during the 1831 battle for Warsaw. Originally a small wooden church was built here as early as the 14th century. It was first mentioned in writing in a document by Antipope John XXIII dated 1412. Until the 17th century the church was just a branch of the St. John's Cathedral, and it was not until 1611 that a separate parish was founded in the", "title": "St. Lawrence's Church, Warsaw" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "destroyed in the city of Idleb by an airstrike and it still inactive until this moment. The club provided the Syrian National team with quality players who have proven their presence on the scene like Faysal Tattan, who was the most effective player in Hittin Club in the eighties and included to the national team. Hazem Harbah who played for Teshreen Club for many years and was the leading scorer for the club and Burhan Sahyoni who played for Syrian Youth National team and he had the honor to participate in the Syrian achievements youth world Cup. Ammar Zakour offered", "title": "Omayya SC" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Fellowship. In July 1995, the National Presbyterian Church in Mexico, the Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church in Mexico and The Presbyterian church in Mexico formed the 'Alliance of Presbyterian and Reformed Churches in the Mexican Republic'. The National Presbyterian Church has a relationship with the Presbyterian Church in America (PCA), the Christian Reformed Church in North America (CRCNA) and the Reformed Church in America (RCA). It does not have any relationship with the Roman Catholic Church because of what it perceives as the Catholic Church's role in the conquest and oppression of Mexico and its people. The Presbyterian Church in Chile", "title": "National Presbyterian Church in Mexico" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "and the denomination now comprises about twenty congregations. One group under George Mackenzie left in the 1960s and formed the Orthodox Presbyterian Church of New Zealand. Often confused as a breakaway church is Grace Presbyterian Church of New Zealand, which was actually a group of pre-existing independent churches that united into a new denomination. There is sometimes confusion because the church contains a significant number of former members of the Presbyterian Church of Aotearoa New Zealand who have sought a more theologically conservative alternative. The Presbyterian Social Services Association (PSSA) – subsequently known as \"Support\" – began operating in the", "title": "Presbyterian Church of Aotearoa New Zealand" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Presbyterian Church of Collingswood, New Jersey, near Philadelphia, the largest church in the West Jersey Presbytery. McIntire remained a resident of Collingswood for the rest of his life. The Women's Missionary Society of the Collingswood church called his attention to what they perceived as a modernist perspective in the missions study book, which had been promoted by the denomination's Board of Foreign Missions. McIntire joined the conservative side in the ongoing Fundamentalist-Modernist debate, and in 1934, at Machen's invitation, he became a founding member of the Independent Board for Presbyterian Foreign Missions, an agency organized as an alternative to the", "title": "Carl McIntire" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "where religion was inconsequential. This view toward religion lasted until the early years of the Second Great Awakening, after which she became an ardent Old School Presbyterian. Around the time Mary opened Linden Wood, she met Margaret Lindsey, who along with her husband, were pillars of the local Presbyterian Church. Margaret became like a second mother to Mary. With Margaret's influence, Mary became interested in religion. Margaret fell seriously ill some time later, and Mary sat with her friend for a week. The vigil became an extended prayer meeting with other members from the church. On March 25, still dealing", "title": "Mary Easton Sibley" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "National Presbyterian Church in Mexico The National Presbyterian Church in Mexico () is the second-largest Protestant church, and the largest Reformed denomination in Mexico. It is present throughout the country, and is particularly strong in the states of Tabasco, Chiapas, Campeche, Yucatan, Nuevo León and Mexico City. Today, it consists of more than 6,000 churches and almost 2.8 million members. The National Presbyterian Church is growing rapidly. The beginning of Presbyterianism in Mexico dates back to 1827 with the arrival of Diego Thompson. an agent of the British and Foreign Bible Society, he brought Bibles downloading in Veracruz. Pioneers of", "title": "National Presbyterian Church in Mexico" } ]

[ "Catholicism" ]

[ "In the late 1800s, Presbyterian missionaries established a presence in what is now northern New Mexico. This provided an alternative to the Catholicism, which was brought to the area by the Spanish Conquistadors and had remained unchanged. The area experienced a \"mini\" reformation, in that many converts were made to Presbyterianism, prompting persecution. In some cases, the converts left towns and villages to establish their own neighboring villages. The arrival of the United States to the area prompted the Catholic church to modernize and make efforts at winning the converts back, many of which did return. However, there are still stalwart Presbyterians and Presbyterian churches in the area." ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "snowboarding and skiing" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "the Mount Lemmon marigold. Catalina Highway stretches and the entire mountain range is one of Tucson's most popular vacation spots for cycling, hiking, rock climbing, camping, birding, and wintertime snowboarding and skiing. Near the top of Mt. Lemmon is the town of Summerhaven. In Summerhaven, visitors will find log houses and cabins, a general store, and various shops, as well as numerous hiking trails. Near Summerhaven is the road to Ski Valley which hosts a ski lift, several runs, a giftshop, and nearby restaurant. Mt. Lemmon Sky Center, which is located at a Steward Observatory site known as 'Sky Island',", "title": "Tucson, Arizona" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "battalion of the British Indian Army. The 2nd Battalion was raised in 1761 as the 7th Battalion of Coast Sepoys, while the 3rd Battalion was raised in 1776 as the 16th Carnatic Battalion. This was followed by the 5th Battalion in 1788 as 29th Madras Battalion and the 10th Battalion in 1794 as 34th Madras Battalion. These battalions underwent several changes in nomenclature until 1824, when they were designated as the 2nd, 6th, 16th, 22nd and 24th Regiments of Madras Native Infantry. Their men were mostly enlisted from South India and consisted of Muslims and Hindus. The 4th Battalion was", "title": "1st Punjab Regiment" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "caliph, we thought that the people would honor Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib, people would respect him. Those four-and-a-half years with Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib were the most turbulent years we ever faced in our live as human beings. I have never witnessed hatred like the hatred I witnessed against Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib. This man, when I was ten years of age, is the reason we the people of Yemen became Muslims. If it wasn't for him none of use would join the religion of Islam. And now when he becomes caliph, from every angle those who", "title": "Kumayl ibn Ziyad" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "1975, Ratsimandrava was assassinated. An extraordinary military tribunal carried out the \"trial of the century.\" Among the 296 people charged was Tsiranana, who was accused by the eight military chiefs of \"complicity in the assassination of Colonel Richard Ratsimandrava, Head of State and of Government.\" Eventually, Tsiranana was released due to lack of evidence. After the trial, Tsiranana ceased to have a high profile in Madagascar. He travelled to France for a time to visit his family there and to consult with his doctors. On 14 April 1978 he was transported to Tananarive in a critical state. Admitted to Befelatanana", "title": "Philibert Tsiranana" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "game telecasts in the late 1970s, WTBS (channel 17) in Atlanta – which served as the originating feed of the national TBS cable channel from December 1976 to October 2007 – aired some regular season games from the Atlanta Hawks (which was also owned by Ted Turner at the time), which also aired nationally on WTBS's superstation feed; TBS aired the games nationwide until the telecasts became subjected to NBA blackout restrictions within 35 miles of the home team's arena, resulting in many Hawks away games televised by the network being unavailable to cable providers within the designated market area", "title": "NBA on TBS" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "get a taste of the 'real' Cameroon, and the built-in flaw is that the more people come, the more distorted and unreal life in the village becomes.\" The Rhumsiki 'plug' is very obviously phallic and both traditionally (barren women making sacrifices at its foot) and in the modern world (selling the hotel as a honeymoon destination) this has been one of the main features of Rhumsiki. Rhumsiki Rhumsiki, also spelt Rumsiki and Roumsiki, is a village in the Far North Province of Cameroon. Rhumsiki is located in the Mandara Mountains 55 km (34 mi) from Mokolo and 3 km (2", "title": "Rhumsiki" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Half Hour\", and \"Roy and H.G’s Russian Revolution\". Pickhaver hosted \"It's a Knockout\" from 2011 to 2012 alongside former Hi-5 star Charli Robinson and sports presenter Brad McEwan. Pickhaver joined Stephen Quartermain and Alisa Camplin for the \"Sochi Tonight\" show during the Sochi 2014 Winter Olympics in February 2014, and was featured in the SBS series \"Who Do You Think You Are?\" in September 2015. Many of his television opportunities have been \"alternative\" sports presentation coverages of the Summer and Winter Olympics. Pickhaver starred in the cult Australian comedy film \"This Won't Hurt a Bit\" opposite Jacqueline McKenzie. In 2003", "title": "Greig Pickhaver" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "wife, Mama Reed.\" Mama Reed can be heard at the recording session for the song: Of note, nowhere in the song do the lyrics \"baby what you want me to do\" appear, although later cover versions would often wrongly include the phrase in place of the original \"baby why you wanna let go.\" \"Baby What You Want Me to Do\" was included on Jimmy Reed's second album \"Found Love\" (1960), the \"Jimmy Reed at Carnegie Hall\" album (1961), as well as numerous compilation albums. \"Baby What You Want Me to Do\" reached number 10 in the \"Billboard\" R&B chart and", "title": "Baby What You Want Me to Do" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "temperatures range from in winter to in summer, while lower elevations can experience conditions over . Idaho's mountain ranges can block Arctic air in the winter, but when cold air masses do enter the area, they sometimes stagnate in the Snake and Salmon river valleys, causing very cold temperatures to persist. Summer and fall are generally dry, while intense short-duration thunderstorms can occur in late spring and early summer as atmospheric moisture interacts with warm temperatures and steep topography via orographic lifting. During winter, warm, moist air from the Pacific Ocean often brings rain at lower elevations in addition to", "title": "Boise National Forest" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "highland called \"Tatra\", thus taken from local inhabitants. The name is also close to the Ukrainian word for gravel, \"toltry\". The Tatras are a mountain range of a corrugated nature, originating from the Alpine orogeny, and therefore characterized by a relatively young-looking lay of the land, quite similar to the landscape of the Alps, although significantly smaller. It is the highest mountain range within Carpathians. It consists of the internal mountain chains of: The overall nature of the Tatras, together with their easy accessibility, makes them a favorite with tourists and researchers. Therefore, these mountains are a popular winter sports", "title": "Tatra Mountains" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "the war medics to be on the battlefield in order to help the wounded soldiers right there. From the officers of his army, he required creativity, ability to decide what to do, when they were on their own. He wrote to major Kálmán Ordódy, who had the duty of defending a mountain pass: \"... Act according to your own discretion, and do not ask too much\" [what to do] \"The Austrian army would had not lost so many battles if they would have allowed their autonomous generals to be free to act as they considered being the best option. You", "title": "Artúr Görgei" } ]

[ "snowboarding and skiing" ]

[ "Catalina Highway stretches 25 miles (40 km) and the entire mountain range is one of Tucson's most popular vacation spots for cycling, hiking, rock climbing, camping, birding, and wintertime snowboarding and skiing. Near the top of Mt. Lemmon is the town of Summerhaven. In Summerhaven, visitors will find log houses and cabins, a general store, and various shops, as well as numerous hiking trails. Near Summerhaven is the road to Ski Valley which hosts a ski lift, several runs, a giftshop, and nearby restaurant." ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "Don Quixote" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "her monumental work published in six volumes, \"Le origine delle feste veneziane\". The book was heavily researched and was an extensive look into Venice’s festivals, myths and public rituals. This collection of Venetian traditions was one way in which she tried defending Venice and its history. \"She seemed to make it her duty to prevent anything from disturbing the ghost of the defunct republic.\" She eventually reopened her salon and held it thus till her death. She was a patroness of Canova and a correspondent with Chateaubriand. She wrote many letters, many of which went to her niece Adriana Zannini,", "title": "Giustina Renier Michiel" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "of how many peaks and troughs per unit length) and the radius of the original cylindrical stream. The diagram to the right shows an exaggeration of a single component. By assuming that all possible components exist initially in roughly equal (but minuscule) amplitudes, the size of the final drops can be predicted by determining by wave number which component grows the fastest. As time progresses, it is the component with the maximal growth rate will come to dominate and will eventually be the one that pinches the stream into drops. Although a thorough understanding of how this happens requires a", "title": "Plateau–Rayleigh instability" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "must also kill Galante, Marazano heads to Galante's bar, where Galante threatens Marazano's family. Unmoved by the threats, Marazano kills Galante and offers his gold watch to an elderly man. When the elderly man is taken in by the police as a potential witness, they spot the distinctive watch and realize that they have enough evidence to arrest Marazano. Meanwhile, Marazano collects the money from his job and receives his final target: the police captain. Meanwhile, Maloney takes over the investigation once Berkowski became frustrated with the department's red tape. When their captain says that he has important information to", "title": "Chicago Overcoat" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "India Company and British East India Company would break the 16th-century monopoly enjoyed by the Portuguese on trade with the East Indies. Jan Huyghen was born in Haarlem in Holland, the son of a public notary and his wife. The family moved to the town of Enkhuizen when he was young. The addition of \"van Linschoten\" could indicate that his family had origins in the Utrecht village of the same name. Huyghen left for Spain during December 1576 to live with his older brother Willem, who was working as a merchant in Seville. He learned Spanish and worked there until", "title": "Jan Huyghen van Linschoten" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "107th New York Volunteer Infantry The 107th New York Volunteer Infantry (aka \"Campbell Guards\") was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War. The 107th New York Infantry was organized at Elmira, New York beginning July 18, 1862 and mustered in for a three-year enlistment on August 13, 1862, under the command of Colonel Robert B. Van Valkenburgh. The regiment was attached to Whipple's Command, Defenses of Washington, D.C., to September 1862. 3rd Brigade, 1st Division, XII Corps, Army of the Potomac, to October 1863, and Army of the Cumberland, to April 1864. 2nd Brigade, 1st", "title": "107th New York Volunteer Infantry" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "pseudoscientific concepts in psychotherapy as a kind of uncontrollable experiments on humans. Part three, chapters 11 through 17 examines a range of dubious, unsupported and discredited (though still thriving) treatments and therapeutic practices and diagnostic categories devoted to children’s problems and needs. The book ends with a letter to Richard Feynman Part I is a critique of important ways in which modern psychology has developed. The term ‘cargo cult’ was used in an address by physicist Richard Feynman in 1974 at the California Institute of Technology as a criticism of contemporary social sciences. He compared the ways in which social", "title": "Psychology Led Astray: Cargo Cult in Science and Therapy" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Film Channel (IFC) miniseries \"Bollywood Hero\", where he portrays himself and the difficulties he faces after a career as a comic actor, trying to attain leading man status. Starting in fall of 2009, Kattan appeared in a supporting role in \"The Middle\". Kattan played Bob, a colleague of Frankie Heck's at Mr. Ehlert's car dealership. Kattan appeared in an episode of \"How I Met Your Mother\" as a star in \"The Wedding Bride\", a fictional movie within the show. He played himself acting as Jed Mosely, a character based on the main character Ted with an arrogant personality. He reappeared", "title": "Chris Kattan" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "a \"problem\" finding one his own age. Their colleague opined that Steven was the \"brightest foster kid\" that Pippa had ever fostered. While another opined that \"there was never any doubt that the quiet and studious Steven would end up at uni - even if a passionate fling with an older woman made him think twice about going. Steven passed his HSC with flying colours.\" Steven Matheson Steven Matheson is a fictional character from the Australian Channel Seven soap opera \"Home and Away\", played by Adam Willits. Steven was created by Alan Bateman as one of the serial's original characters", "title": "Steven Matheson" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "is a fictional character on the ABC Daytime soap opera \"One Life to Live\". The colleague of fellow prostitute Karen Wolek, role was portrayed onscreen by actress Nancy Snyder from February 1979 until 1983. Kristine Karr (born Mary Vernon) is a fictional character on the ABC Daytime soap opera \"One Life to Live\" that appeared onscreen from November 1, 1979 until 1983. Brad Vernon engages in an extramarital affair with prostitute Katrina Karr. Katrina conceives a daughter, born the same night as his stillborn daughter to his wife, Jenny Wolek Vernon, onscreen November 1, 1979 at Llanview Hospital. Con man", "title": "One Life to Live characters (1968–79)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Artine Artinian Artine Artinian (December 8, 1907 – November 19, 2005) was a distinguished French literature scholar of Armenian descent, notable for his valuable collection of French literary manuscripts and artwork. He was immortalized as a fictional character by his Bard colleague Mary McCarthy in the novel \"The Groves of Academe\" (1952) and by his friend Gore Vidal in the play \"The Best Man\" (1960). Artine Artinian was born in Pazardzhik, Bulgaria to Armenian parents. In 1920, his family came to the United States, settling in Attleboro, Massachusetts. There, Artine worked as a shoeshine boy, learning English from listening to", "title": "Artine Artinian" } ]

[ "Don Quixote" ]

[ "Feynman had a great deal of success teaching Carl, using, for example, discussions about ants and Martians as a device for gaining perspective on problems and issues. He was surprised to learn that the same teaching devices were not useful with Michelle. Mathematics was a common interest for father and son; they both entered the computer field as consultants and were involved in advancing a new method of using multiple computers to solve complex problems—later known as parallel computing. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory retained Feynman as a computational consultant during critical missions. One co-worker characterized Feynman as akin to Don Quixote at his desk, rather than at a computer workstation, ready to do battle with the windmills." ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "two" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "history of the league have enjoyed little success either on or off of the field of play. There were a number of franchises which existed in the form of a series of largely-unrelated teams with little to no continuity of either coaching staffs or players under numerous management groups until they folded. One example of several which could be cited is the New York CityHawks, whose owners transferred the team from New York City to Hartford to become the New England Sea Wolves after two seasons, then after another two seasons were sold and became the Toronto Phantoms, which lasted", "title": "Arena Football League" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "history of the league have enjoyed little success either on or off of the field of play. There were a number of franchises which existed in the form of a series of largely-unrelated teams with little to no continuity of either coaching staffs or players under numerous management groups until they folded. One example of several which could be cited is the New York CityHawks, whose owners transferred the team from New York City to Hartford to become the New England Sea Wolves after two seasons, then after another two seasons were sold and became the Toronto Phantoms, which lasted", "title": "Arena Football League" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "the league. In 1988, the New York Knights played for one season as part of the Arena Football League, and then ceased operations. In 1997, the AFL added two expansion franchises, the New York CityHawks, who played at Madison Square Garden, and the New Jersey Red Dogs, who played in East Rutherford, New Jersey. The CityHawks moved to Hartford, Connecticut and were renamed the New England Sea Wolves in 1999, and then relocated to Toronto in 2001, and renamed the Toronto Phantoms. The Red Dogs were renamed the New Jersey Gladiators in 2001, then relocated and became the Las Vegas", "title": "Sports in the New York metropolitan area" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "players, most notably former New York Giant Joe Morris. In response to the AFL's placing a team in New Jersey, the Madison Square Garden ownership requested a team of its own. This request was granted by the league with only months to go before the beginning of the 1997 season, while the New Jersey team had been founded several months earlier. The CityHawks thus had only half the preparation time that the Red Dogs had going into both teams' initial season of 1997. The CityHawks played poorly, winning only two of 14 games during their first season, despite being led", "title": "Toronto Phantoms" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "the CityHawks were the first AFL team to have different helmets for home and road games. In 1997, they wore their gold helmets at home, with black jerseys and gold pants; and wore the reverse on the road: black helmets, gold jerseys, black pants. In 1998, they adopted a one-color scheme, dressing in all black at home, and in all gold on the road. The New England Sea Wolves were in Hartford for two seasons, and were coached by Mike Hohensee, the former Albany Firebirds coach who has been the head coach of the Chicago Rush since that team's inception", "title": "Toronto Phantoms" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "9th in 1999, and 9th in 2000. The need for a more modern venue as well as the league's desire for a larger market led to the move to New York City despite two failed past attempts in the city, the New York Knights (1988) and the New York CityHawks (1997–1998), both of which played at Madison Square Garden in Manhattan. The team was purchased by Charles Wang, who is also the Islanders' majority owner and renamed the New York Dragons. Aside from the league's desire to re-enter the New York market, another major reason cited for the team's relocation", "title": "Iowa Barnstormers" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "a more modern venue as well as the league's desire for a larger market led to the move to the New York City area, despite two failed past attempts in the region: the New York Knights () and the New York CityHawks (–), both of which played at Madison Square Garden in Manhattan. The team was purchased by Charles Wang, who is also the Islanders' majority owner. The Arena Football organization did award an af2 franchise to Iowa for the season also called the Barnstormers, but that team folded after that season (only to be brought back in 2008). The", "title": "New York Dragons" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "each team. The Bolts worked in conjunction with the Brooklyn Cyclones who play at MCU Park on Coney Island. By playing its games in Brooklyn, the Bolts became the first outdoor professional football team to play in New York City proper since 1983, when the New York Jets left Shea Stadium. (Two short-lived arena football teams, 1988's Knights and 1997's CityHawks, also played in the city; otherwise, all professional teams claiming to represent the city have played in either New Jersey or Long Island.) On July 10, 2015, the league confirmed the Bolts would return for the 2015 season. Former", "title": "Brooklyn Bolts" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "its first campaign, but it was all downhill after that. The bright spots of the 1989 and 1990 seasons were the play of the defense, anchored by ex-New York Cosmos players Andranik Eskandarian and Hubert Birkenmeier. Unfortunately, the offense sputtered in the wake of chronic knee injuries to Acosta, and the team lost many low scoring one-goal games. The Eagles played their home matches at Paterson, New Jersey's Hinchliffe Stadium during their first two seasons. ASL Top Goal Scorer ASL Top Points Scorer ASL All-Star Team Selection New Jersey Eagles The New Jersey Eagles were an American soccer team founded", "title": "New Jersey Eagles" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "written a book, \"The Magnificent Seasons: How the Jets, Mets, and Knicks Made Sports History and Uplifted a City and the Country\", with Barry Zeman (Thomas Dunne Books). The book is about the New York Jets, New York Mets, and New York Knicks all winning championships for the first time in 1969 and 1970. He appeared as himself in a 1999 episode of \"Everybody Loves Raymond\" along with several other members of the 1969 Mets. Shamsky married twice and had two daughters. , he worked at Bravo Properties in South Orange, New Jersey. In the American sitcom \"Everybody Loves Raymond\",", "title": "Art Shamsky" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Stauffer's, and York International/Johnson Controls. Many Yorkers also see the Revolution name as a symbol of the city's renaissance efforts. The York White Roses, also known as the York Pirates in their last two seasons of existence, played from 1884 to 1969. The White Roses were bitter rivals of the Red Roses of the nearby city of Lancaster. Both teams were named after the two factions of England's historic Wars of the Roses. York tried for ten years to bring professional baseball back to the city. The process looked promising in 2003, until politics halted the project. The new baseball", "title": "York Revolution" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "enlist players to come south to play at UNC and USC, and was known as one of the top recruiters in the sport, frequently joking about how successful his New York City players, many of them Jewish and Catholic, were in Baptist-prevalent North Carolina and South Carolina. McGuire recruited so many New York City players to UNC and USC that the talent pipeline from NYC to the Carolinas was commonly referred to as the McGuire New York City Railroad. Players that he coached or successfully recruited at the two schools include Lennie Rosenbluth (UNC), Larry Brown (UNC), Donnie Walsh (UNC),", "title": "Frank McGuire" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "in the Salem witch trials and the Court examining the Denmark Vesey plot in Charleston, a few witnesses implicated many other suspects. In the end, over 100 people were hanged, exiled, or burned at the stake. Most of the convicted people were hanged or burnt – how many is uncertain. The bodies of two supposed ringleaders, Caesar, a slave, and John Hughson, a white cobbler and tavern keeper, were gibbeted. Their corpses were left to rot in public. Seventy-two men were deported from New York, sent to Newfoundland, various islands in the West Indies, and the Madeiras. With the increase", "title": "New York Conspiracy of 1741" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "from around 41–44 minutes. The first two seasons were broadcast in standard definition, while subsequent seasons are broadcast in high definition. The series' episodes are also available on demand through the official VH1 website, as well as for digital download at the iTunes Store and Amazon. VH1 have released the first four seasons, as well as the sixth season, on DVD. The fifth, seventh, eighth and ninth seasons are currently only available on digital platforms. Love & Hip Hop: New York Love & Hip Hop: New York (originally titled Love & Hip Hop) is the original installment of the \"Love", "title": "Love & Hip Hop: New York" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "in New York but proved too controversial for the city. It was instead installed in Orton Park in Madison, Wisconsin from 1986 to 1991. The Madison installation was funded by the New Harvest Foundation. It was finally moved to New York in 1992. After it was moved to New York, one of the Stonewall veterans, Marsha P. Johnson, commented, \"How many people have died for these two little statues to be put in the park to recognize gay people? How many years does it take for people to realize we're all brothers and sisters in the human race? We're all", "title": "Gay Liberation Monument" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "episodes. In December 2007 The Kids Channel ordered another season. Dana Frider joined the cast for Yuval Segal (who went to study acting in New York), and Yamit Sol was absent in many episodes due to her psychology studies. Eli Keren Asaf was absent in many episodes too (she was drafted to the army). The season was the longest to date, with 36 episodes. It debuted on 1 September 2008. Several months later, The Kids Channel ordered two more seasons. They were written between January and March 2010. The 6th season began to air on 1 September 2010. These seasons", "title": "HaPijamot" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "against right-handed pitching. He rarely hit into double plays, using his excellent speed to be able to beat out many ground balls that were kept in the infield, as well as using his speed to leg out many triples as well, leading the league in triples in both seasons, posting 38 in total. He also exhibited a disciplined eye at the plate as well; he drew 151 walks as a regular over the course of these two seasons and posted a comparatively moderate total of 149 strikeouts during this same time period. With Joe Gordon's return to New York for", "title": "Snuffy Stirnweiss" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Chicago Cubs, he was traded while still in the minor leagues to the New York Yankees in 1978. While in New York he was given the opportunity to become the team's closer after an injury to All-Star relief pitcher Rich Gossage. Also, while with the Yankees, he was one of the first pitchers ever to be used exclusively as a middle-inning \"set-up\" pitcher for his team's closer. For two seasons, 1980 and 1981, Davis and Gossage were an effective tandem, and many teams have followed this pitching formula to this day. Davis still holds the New York Yankee team record", "title": "Ron Davis (pitcher)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "district received national attention when two teenagers who attended Connetquot High School were arrested for planning an attack on the school in the Connetquot High School Plot. The plans reportedly included a hit list of students and staff and how to ignite explosives. According to a local radio station website, students interviewed said that they were not surprised of the arrests because of the many bomb scares in the 2006-2007 school year. Connetquot School District The Connetquot Central School District of Islip is a school district located in Bohemia, New York; Ronkonkoma, New York; Sayville, New York; and Oakdale, New", "title": "Connetquot School District" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "that they would be interested in hiring him for that position. Berra explained later that he had turned down the other clubs' offers because many of them were not regular contenders for the pennant and he did not believe it likely that a new manager would last more than two seasons. During 1962, the Yankees' management noticed that Stengel, whom they had fired due to his advancing age a few seasons earlier, was becoming a big draw for the expansion New York Mets of the National League as the manager during their inaugural season. Despite the Mets' poor performance, the", "title": "Harmonica Incident" }, { "idx": 20, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "two major league versions of the Stars: in the National League and the American Association. Apart from those seasons, however, the Stars were members of high minor leagues such as the Eastern League (forerunner to the International) and the New York State League through 1917. From 1918–27, the Stars competed in the International League and were an early farm team of the St. Louis Cardinals. In 1928 the IL franchise moved to Montreal and became the Montreal Royals. The Stars moved down one classification to the New York–Penn League for 1 seasons before moving to Utica, New York. Syracuse was", "title": "Sports in Syracuse" }, { "idx": 21, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Pérez' \"New Teen Titans\" series on which it was based. The concept of a covert operations team has been compared to Impossible Missions Force, a fictional independent espionage agency in the \"\" series. Together, Weisman and Vietti came up with ideas, characters, and plot points for at least two seasons, although it is unknown as to how many season runs DC Entertainment and Warner Bros. Animation were looking for the series. Although there were several characters the producers were not allowed to use in the first season (a list that became shorter along the course of the development), they were", "title": "Young Justice (TV series)" }, { "idx": 22, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "the Hyatt Puerto Rico. The 1940s East Wing of the Condado Beach Hotel was demolished in 1975 and a huge convention wing was built in its place, joining the Condado Beach and La Concha Hotels into one physical complex. In 1976, with construction complete, management of the complex was taken over by Hilton International and it was renamed the Condado Beach La Concha Convention Center. Management later transferred to Carnival Cruise Line, which renamed the resort The Condado Beach Trio. The state-owned hotel was known in its final years as The Condado Beach Hotel & Casino, before the entire complex", "title": "Condado Vanderbilt Hotel" }, { "idx": 23, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "just off the East coast of Kenya that was established as early as the fourteenth century by Arab traders and is populated with Moslems. It was Anderson's visit to the island that inspired the University of Central Florida adjunct professor to write about a present-day boy who had a fairy-tale adventure. On the seafaring Lamu Island, families traditionally keep a jinn jar at home. The jinn jar is a container that holds a supernatural being in Islam and Arabian mythology called a jinn (in English, a genie). The jinn jar is kept sealed because the owners do not know if", "title": "Juma and the Magic Jinn" }, { "idx": 24, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "released seven albums since their founding in 1998 and they perform worldwide. Tutl Records is the major record label of the Faroe Islands Music of the Faroe Islands Faroese music is primarily vocal, accompanied by the fiddle (which arrived in the 17th century) and European dances like the minuet and polka. During the twentieth century choirs have played an important role in the musical history of the Faroes, and some of the best known current choirs are Tarira, Havnarkórið, Tórshavnar Manskór, Ljómur, Fuglafjarðar Gentukór, and the choirs situated in Copenhagen: Húsakórið and Mpiri. Much of the imported music and instruments", "title": "Music of the Faroe Islands" }, { "idx": 25, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sir John Williams, 2nd Baronet, of Eltham Sir John Williams, 2nd Baronet, of Elham (1653–1723), was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1701 to 1705. Williams was the son of Sir Thomas Williams, 1st Baronet who was the royal physician to King Charles II. Williams was baptised in Elham in 1653. He was educated in Canterbury and at Peterhouse, Cambridge, where he matriculated in 1670. He was knighted around 1675. He was MP for Herefordshire from 1701 to 1705. He succeeded his father as baronet in 1712. Williams married Mary Powell (1663–1704), daughter of Sir", "title": "Sir John Williams, 2nd Baronet, of Eltham" }, { "idx": 26, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "down at the 1857 general election. he faced only one contested election, in 1841, when he was returned with a large majority. Halford married his cousin Barbara Vaughan, daughter of Sir John Vaughan, his paternal uncle and his wife Louisa Boughton, widow of St Andrew St John, 14th Baron St John of Bletso and daughter of Sir Charles William Rouse-Boughton, 9th Baronet. They had two sons (both of whom married, but died issueless) Sir Henry Halford, 2nd Baronet Sir Henry Halford, 2nd Baronet (1797 – 22 May 1868) was an English Tory and later Conservative politician who sat in the", "title": "Sir Henry Halford, 2nd Baronet" }, { "idx": 27, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "the happiness of the town after unhappy experiences in New York. Perhaps, the TV series \"Murder, She Wrote\" has had the largest impact on the community. \"Murder, She Wrote\" was set in the fictional town of Cabot Cove, Maine. Nine episodes of the 264-episode program were filmed in Mendocino, while exterior shots throughout Mendocino were used in the remaining episodes. The program was broadcast for 12 seasons, from September 1984 until May 1996, and won many awards. Many local residents looked forward to the yearly filming, as over a hundred and fifty were chosen to play background parts. A lucky", "title": "Mendocino, California" }, { "idx": 28, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "other. Regardless of how stations are counted, the New York City Subway has the largest number of rapid transit stations in the world. There are numerous New York City Subway stations that are closed, many of which stem from the demolition of elevated lines once operated by the IRT and the BMT that were made largely but not completely redundant to underground lines subsequently constructed. The newest New York City Subway stations are part of the Second Avenue Subway, and are located on Second Avenue at 72nd, 86th and 96th streets. They opened on January 1, 2017. Stations that share", "title": "New York City Subway stations" }, { "idx": 29, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "the carnage. In October 1862 Brady displayed the photos by Gardner in an exhibition entitled \"The Dead of Antietam\" at Brady's New York gallery. Many images in this presentation were graphic photographs of corpses, a presentation new to America. This was the first time that many Americans saw the realities of war in photographs as distinct from previous \"artists' impressions\". \"The New York Times\" published a review on October 20, 1862, describing how, \"Of all objects of horror one would think the battle-field should stand preeminent, that it should bear away the palm of repulsiveness.\" But crowds came to the", "title": "Battle of Antietam" }, { "idx": 30, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "speak about their attempts to forge careers in mainstream society and the effect that HIV and AIDS has had on ball culture as many of the subjects featured died of AIDS during or shortly after filming was complete. \"How Do I Look\" was filmed in New York City and Philadelphia. It premiered at the NewFest Film Festival in New York City in June 2006. The assistant director was Kevin Burrus. \"How Do I Look\" was released on Region 1 DVD in the United States. How Do I Look How Do I Look is a 2006 American documentary directed by Wolfgang", "title": "How Do I Look" }, { "idx": 31, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "1903 New York Highlanders season The New York Highlanders' 1903 season finished with the team in 4th place in the American League with a record of 72–62. The team was managed by Clark Griffith and played its home games at Hilltop Park (formally \"American League Park\"). The season began with the Baltimore Orioles relocating to New York in what would be a first of many seasons in the city. The club was at first officially the \"Greater New York\" baseball club, in deference to the established New York Giants, which were based in the Polo Grounds. The media dubbed the", "title": "1903 New York Highlanders season" } ]

[ "two" ]

[ "While some teams have enjoyed considerable on-field and even financial success, many teams in the history of the league have enjoyed little success either on or off of the field of play. There are a number of franchises which existed in the form of a number of largely-unrelated teams under numerous management groups until they folded (an example is the New York CityHawks whose owners transferred the team from New York to Hartford to become the New England Sea Wolves after two seasons, then after another two seasons were sold and became the Toronto Phantoms, who lasted another two seasons until folding). There are a number of reasons why these teams failed, including financially weak ownership groups, lack of deep financial support from some owners otherwise capable of providing it, lack of media exposure, and the host city's evident lack of interest in its team or the sport as a whole." ]

[ "" ]

[ -0.438067764043808, -0.859316885471344, -0.9868516325950623, -0.981969952583313, -0.9524913430213928 ]

[ 2.271211862564087, 0.6557539105415344, 0.08353551477193832, 0.09071610867977142, 0.2999434173107147 ]

[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "Ashkenazi Jews" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "counterpart of Ashkenazi is Sephardic, since most non-Ashkenazi Orthodox Jews follow Sephardic rabbinical authorities, whether or not they are ethnically Sephardic. By tradition, a Sephardic or Mizrahi woman who marries into an Orthodox or Haredi Ashkenazi Jewish family raises her children to be Ashkenazi Jews; conversely an Ashkenazi woman who marries a Sephardi or Mizrahi man is expected to take on Sephardic practice and the children inherit a Sephardic identity, though in practice many families compromise. A convert generally follows the practice of the beth din that converted him or her. With the integration of Jews from around the world", "title": "Ashkenazi Jews" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "counterpart of Ashkenazi is Sephardic, since most non-Ashkenazi Orthodox Jews follow Sephardic rabbinical authorities, whether or not they are ethnically Sephardic. By tradition, a Sephardic or Mizrahi woman who marries into an Orthodox or Haredi Ashkenazi Jewish family raises her children to be Ashkenazi Jews; conversely an Ashkenazi woman who marries a Sephardi or Mizrahi man is expected to take on Sephardic practice and the children inherit a Sephardic identity, though in practice many families compromise. A convert generally follows the practice of the beth din that converted him or her. With the integration of Jews from around the world", "title": "Ashkenazi Jews" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Jewish by Orthodox interpretations of Jewish law (which only recognizes matrilineal descent), but were eligible for Israeli citizenship under the Law of Return due to patrilineal Jewish descent or marriage to a Jew. The majority of the immigrant wave were Ashkenazi Jews; however, a significant proportion were Mizrahi groups such as the Mountain Jews, Georgian Jews, and Bukharan Jews – with each ethnic group bringing its own distinctive culture to Israel. The group successfully integrated economically into Israel: in 2012, the average salary of FSU (Former Soviet Union) immigrants was comparable to that of native-born Israeli Jews. Following the Six-Day", "title": "1990s Post-Soviet aliyah" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Yosef received strategic help and guidance from Rabbi Elazar Shach, leader of Israel's non-Hasidic Haredi Ashkenazi Jews. Yosef founded the party in 1984 on the platform of a return to religion, and as a counter to an establishment dominated by Ashkenazi Jews of European extraction. Not all Shas voters are themselves ultra-Orthodox. Many of its voters are Modern Orthodox and traditional Mizrahi and Sephardi Jews, due to its alignment with the promotion of an \"authentic Middle Eastern\" Israeli culture, which fits with traditional Zionist beliefs of a revival of authentic, non-Europeanized Jewish culture. However, it still represents the Sephardi and", "title": "Shas" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "the person is a Sephardic Ben/Bat Anusim or a newly reverted Neo-Western Sephardic Jew). Although it is true that a few surnames among those specifically mentioned above became popularly adopted by New Christians (including, most notably the surname Pérez, because of its similarity to the Hebrew surname Peretz), such popularly adopted surnames by New Christians remain Old Christian surnames in origin, and carrying these surnames does not by itself indicate Jewish ancestry. This phenomenon is much the same as is the situation with surnames which are typically considered to be Ashkenazi \"Jewish\" surnames. Most \"Jewish\" surnames among Ashkenazi Jews are", "title": "Sephardic Bnei Anusim" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Birchon A birchon also birkon (plural: birchonim or birkonim) is a booklet of prayers based around a particular event such as the Jewish sabbath. The most common form is Birkat Hamazon often titled - Seder Birkat Hamazon (Order of Grace after Meals) in Hebrew. Some editions actually have the Birkat Hamazon prayer in the back, appearing almost as an afterthought. Birchonim are commonly known as bentchers in Yiddish in the Ashkenazi community, and in places heavily influenced by Ashkenazi Jews. Birchonim are used widely in the various religious and traditional communities of Jews, such as Orthodox, Sephardic, Conservative, Reconstructionist, Mizrahi,", "title": "Birchon" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "in Israel, North America, and other places, the religious definition of an Ashkenazi Jew is blurring, especially outside Orthodox Judaism. New developments in Judaism often transcend differences in religious practice between Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jews. In North American cities, social trends such as the chavurah movement, and the emergence of \"post-denominational Judaism\" often bring together younger Jews of diverse ethnic backgrounds. In recent years, there has been increased interest in \"Kabbalah\", which many Ashkenazi Jews study outside of the Yeshiva framework. Another trend is the new popularity of ecstatic worship in the Jewish Renewal movement and the Carlebach style minyan,", "title": "Ashkenazi Jews" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "the arts, entertainment, literature, sports, science and technology, business and economy, media, and politics of Israel since its founding, and tend to be the most affluent of Israeli Jews. Not all Jews immigrating to Israel from European countries are of Ashkenazi origin (the majority of French Jews are of Sephardic, and some Jews from the Asian Republics of the USSR are Mizrahi), and the Israeli government does not distinguish between Jewish communities in its census. During the first decades of Israel as a state, strong cultural conflict was going on between Mizrahi, Sephardic and Ashkenazi Jews (mainly east European Ashkenazim).", "title": "Israeli Jews" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "the Mizrahi Jews. Many more Israeli Jews are second and third generation Mizrahi descendants or have a partial Mizrahi origin. The other dominant sub-groups are the Israeli Ashkenazi Jews and Sephardic Jews. Often Mizrahi and North African Sephardic Jews in Israel are grouped together due to the similarity of their history under Muslim rule and an overwhelming migration out of their countries of residence during the 20th century. If combined, Mizrahi and Sephardic Jews number about one half of Israeli Jews. After the establishment of the State of Israel and subsequent 1948 Arab–Israeli War, most Mizrahi Jews were either expelled", "title": "Mizrahi Jews in Israel" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "on Jews of that ancestry. Reform Judaism, which does not necessarily follow those minhagim, did nonetheless originate among Ashkenazi Jews. In a religious sense, an Ashkenazi Jew is any Jew whose family tradition and ritual follows Ashkenazi practice. Until the Ashkenazi community first began to develop in the Early Middle Ages, the centers of Jewish religious authority were in the Islamic world, at Baghdad and in Islamic Spain. Ashkenaz (Germany) was so distant geographically that it developed a \"minhag\" of its own. Ashkenazi Hebrew came to be pronounced in ways distinct from other forms of Hebrew. In this respect, the", "title": "Ashkenazi Jews" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "in a specific way, to bring the cut paper into relief. Hebrew sentences were important element of the composition. The words were either cut or drawn on paper. Elements of micrography, another traditional type of Jewish folk art, can be seen in these blocks of text created with the artist's knife. Due to Judaism's aniconism, it is rare to see a paper-cut from this period that depicts the human figure. Exceptions are Sephardic Ketubot depicting the bride and bridegroom. Traditionally, paper cuts made by Sephardic and Ashkenazi Jews differed from each other. Ashkenazi papercuts were rich, highly detailed, and colourful.", "title": "Jewish paper cutting" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "America's Iberian-descended population estimated to have at least some Sephardic Jewish ancestry (90% of Latin America's modern population being persons of at least partial Iberian ancestry, in the form of criollos, mestizos, and mulattos), the total population size of Sephardic Bnei Anusim (67.78 million) is not only several times larger than the combined population of Jewish-integrated Sephardic sub-groups, but also more than four times the size of the total world Jewish population as a whole, which itself also encompasses Ashkenazi Jews, Mizrahi Jews and various other smaller groups. Under Jewish religious law, also known as Halakha, the Jewish status of", "title": "Sephardic Bnei Anusim" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "and social liberalism and Ashkenazi Israelis are overall less devout, more socially liberal, and have more favorable opinions towards improving relations with Arab peoples, and greater opposition to settlements in the West Bank, than Israelis of Sefardic and Mizrahi extraction. Today, the most influential party among Ashkenazi Israelis appears to be Zionist Union. Ashkenazi Jews in Israel Ashkenazi Jews in Israel refers to immigrants and descendants of Ashkenazi Jews, who now reside within the state of Israel, in the modern sense also referring to Israeli Jewish adherents of the Ashkenazi Jewish tradition. They number 2.8 million (full or partial Ashkenazi", "title": "Ashkenazi Jews in Israel" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Ashkenazi Jews in Israel Ashkenazi Jews in Israel refers to immigrants and descendants of Ashkenazi Jews, who now reside within the state of Israel, in the modern sense also referring to Israeli Jewish adherents of the Ashkenazi Jewish tradition. They number 2.8 million (full or partial Ashkenazi Jewish descent) and constitute one of the largest Jewish ethnic divisions in Israel, in line with Mizrahi Jews and Sephardi Jews. Ashkenazi Jews descended from local Jewish communities of the Central and Eastern Europe, as opposed to those from Middle East and North Africa, Africa and other places. In Israel, the term \"Ashkenazi\"", "title": "Ashkenazi Jews in Israel" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "as a whole, which itself also encompasses Ashkenazi Jews, Mizrahi Jews and various other smaller groups. Unlike the Anusim (\"forced [converts]\") who were the conversos up to the third, fourth or fifth generation (depending on the Jewish responsa) who later reverted to Judaism, the Bnei Anusim (\"[later] sons/children/descendants [of the] forced [converts]\") were the subsequent generations of descendants of the Anusim who remained hidden ever since the Inquisition in the Iberian Peninsula and its New World franchises. At least some Sephardic Anusim in the Hispanosphere (in Iberia, but especially in their colonies in Ibero-America) had also initially tried to revert", "title": "Sephardi Jews" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Wahba serves on the Advisory Board of JIMENA (Jews Indigenous to the Middle East and North Africa). She has published several anthologies relating to being a Mizrahi/Sephardi Jew of Egyptian and Iraqi-born parents and the indignities suffered by Jews who were forced into second-class (dhimmi) status in their homelands, as well as cultural dominance of the Ashkenazi Jews in countries like the United States, where it was difficult for her as she did not share their language, history or food, making it hard for her to identify with American Jews, which are overwhelmingly of Eastern European origin. She has also", "title": "Rachel Wahba" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "the attitudes of Ashkenazim as racist or of being a manifestation of racism. Other authorities describe the discrimination by Ashkenazi as class-based, not race-based. For example, the differences between (Mizrahi) Sephardic Jews (N. Africans, Middle Easterners, Yemenites, etc.) are referred to as \"Adatiyut\" community-differences (resulting also in some traditional customary gaps). Some sources claim that reports of intra-Jewish discrimination in Israel arise from propaganda published by Arab sources which ignores the normality and harmony between the communities. Israeli society in general – and Ashkenazi Jews in particular – have been described as holding discriminatory attitudes towards Jews of Middle Eastern", "title": "Racism in Israel" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "not in fact \"Jewish\" per se, but are simply German or Slavic surnames (including so-called \"Jewish\" names like Goldberg) which were adopted by Ashkenazi Jews, some of which became so overwhelmingly carried by Jews that they came to be seen as \"Jewish\", although there are gentile carriers of those same surnames, because it is with those gentile families that the surnames originated to begin with. Only some surnames found among Ashkenazi Jews today are surnames which are exclusively \"Jewish\" surnames being capable of, on their own, indicating Jewish origins of the carrier. Sephardic Bnei Anusim Sephardic Bnei Anusim (, ,", "title": "Sephardic Bnei Anusim" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "that generally excludes ethnic considerations. In its most basic form, this broad religious definition of a Sephardi refers to any Jew, of any ethnic background, who follows the customs and traditions of Sepharad. For religious purposes, and in modern Israel, \"Sephardim\" is most often used in this wider sense which encompasses most non-Ashkenazi Jews who are not ethnically Sephardi, but are in most instances of West Asian or North African origin, but who nonetheless commonly use a Sephardic style of liturgy, meaning a majority of Mizrahi Jews. The term \"Sephardi\" in the broad sense, thus describes the \"nusach\" (Hebrew language,", "title": "Sephardi Jews" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "country of immigration for peoples and political refugees from Eastern Europe (Germany, Poland, Hungary, Russia, Ashkenazi Jews) and from the Mediterranean (Italy, Spanish Sephardic Jews and North-African Mizrahi Jews). France was the first country in Europe to emancipate its Jewish population during the French Revolution. The Crémieux Decree gave full citizenship for the Jews in French Algeria. And by 1872, there were an estimated 86,000 Jews living in France (by 1945 this would increase to 300,000), many of whom integrated (or attempted to integrate) into French society, although the Dreyfus affair would reveal anti-semitism in certain classes of French society", "title": "France in the long nineteenth century" }, { "idx": 20, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "distances of each group's settlement in Israel, economic gaps, and cultural and/or racial biases. In recent generations, however, the barriers were lowered by state-sponsored assimilation of all the Jewish communities into a common Sabra (native-born Israeli) identity, which facilitated extensive \"mixed marriages\". The percentage of Jewish children born to mixed marriages between Ashkenazi Jews and Sephardi/Mizrahi Jews rose steadily. A 1995 survey found that 5.3% of Jews aged 40–43, 16.5% of Jews aged 20–21, and 25% of Jews aged 10–11 were of mixed ancestry. That same year, 25% of Jewish children born in Israel were mixed. Even though the assimilation", "title": "Israeli Jews" }, { "idx": 21, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Chaplin was going through some troubling times and she found him gloomy and needy. She enjoyed him more once his personal life was back in order and he was much more cheery. Cooper met Raoul Walsh in 1914 when she joined Griffith's California Company. After Mae Marsh turned Walsh down for an Easter Mass date Walsh and Cooper began dating in 1915. Walsh had been Griffith's assistant director and asked Cooper if she would speak to Griffith about making him a director. On her advice Griffith made him a director a few weeks later. After directing one picture for Griffith,", "title": "Miriam Cooper" }, { "idx": 22, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "nautical miles (0.6 km) west of Vindication Island. Vindication Island Vindication Island is a small uninhabited island in the South Sandwich Islands. It lies about from Candlemas Island, separated by the Nelson Channel. This small island is part of the Candlemas Islands subgroup of the South Sandwich Islands. The island's highest point is Quadrant Peak at , while the south-easternmost cape is Chinstrap Point. The island is mostly ice free. Vindication Island is the eroded remains of a former volcanic complex. Unlike neighboring Candlemas Island, where there is volcanic activity, the volcano on Vindication has shown no sign of activity", "title": "Vindication Island" }, { "idx": 23, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "same year, the various simplified forms of Slovianski and Slovioski that were meant to meet the needs of beginners and non-Slavs, were reworked into a highly simplified form of Interslavic, Slovianto. After the 2017 CISLa conference, the project of unifying the two standards of Interslavic has been commenced by Merunka and van Steenbergen, with a planned new, singular grammar and orthography. An early example of this endeavor is Merunka and van Steenbergen's joint publication on Slavic cultural diplomacy, released to coincide with the conference. Interslavic has an active community, including an Internet forum with around 460 members and two Facebook", "title": "Interslavic language" }, { "idx": 24, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "on March 17, 2006, following a conflict with former co-host Jean-René Dufort. Dufort became the station's morning host until June 22, 2007. Braithwaite joined CITE-FM in August 2011. CKOI-FM CKOI-FM is a French-language Canadian radio station located in Montreal, Quebec, airing a Contemporary Hits radio format. Owned and operated by Cogeco, CKOI-FM broadcasts on 96.9 MHz with its transmitter on the roof of the CIBC Tower in Downtown Montreal with an effective radiated power (ERP) of 307,000 watts (Class C1) using an omnidirectional antenna. It is one of the few Montreal FM stations not to use the Mount Royal broadcasting", "title": "CKOI-FM" }, { "idx": 25, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "look to cut into TCU's 3–1 Big 12 record over the Longhorns on Black Friday afternoon in Austin. 2016 TCU Horned Frogs football team The 2016 Texas Christian Horned Frogs football team represented Texas Christian University (TCU) in the 2016 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The 121st TCU football team played as a member of the Big 12 Conference (Big 12) and played their home games at Amon G. Carter Stadium, on the TCU campus in Fort Worth, Texas. The Horned Frogs were led by 16th-year head coach Gary Patterson, the winningest coach in TCU football history. They finished", "title": "2016 TCU Horned Frogs football team" }, { "idx": 26, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "and Iranian-born Moshe Katzav were part of a group who won Mizrahi support for Begin. Many Labour voters voted for the Democratic Movement for Change (15 seats) in protest at high-profile corruption cases. The party joined in coalition with Begin and disappeared at the next election. In addition to starting a process of healing the Mizrahi–Ashkenazi divide, Begin's government included Ultra-Orthodox Jews and was instrumental in healing the Zionist–Ultra-Orthodox rift, however it did so at the cost of expanding the exemption from military service to all Haredi Jewish students of military age. This led to creation of a huge class", "title": "History of Israel" }, { "idx": 27, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Eskenazi Eskenazi is a toponymic surname found among Sephardic Jews and their descendants. It is the Ladino (Judaeo-Spanish) pronunciation of \"Ashkenazi\", a Hebrew term which ordinarily denotes one is an Ashkenazi Jew. Eskenazi has various unrelated lineages traced back to several founders. The common etymological development process by which the surname arose independently various times is that each founder had at some point been referred to as \"Eskenazi\" to denote a link to that region, either as an originally ethnic Ashkenazi migrant assimilating into a Sephardic community in the Mediterranean, or more commonly simply a Sephardic merchant, student or emissary", "title": "Eskenazi" }, { "idx": 28, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Shwekey Yaakov Shwekey (, born Yaakov Choueka) (born in 1977) is an Orthodox Jewish recording artist and musical entertainer. He is of Egyptian and Syrian Sephardic heritage from his father's side; and Ashkenazi from his mother's side. Yaakov Shwekey was born in Bayit Vegan, Jerusalem, to an Ashkenazi Jewish mother raised in the United States, and a Sephardi Jewish father born in Cairo to a family from a Syrian background. His parents had met and married in New York City. Shwekey was raised in Polanco, in Mexico City, and attended Yeshiva Ateret Yosef. He later lived in Brooklyn, NY, and", "title": "Shwekey" }, { "idx": 29, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hasidic Judaism or \"kapparot\" in Haredi Judaism. Someone who is \"frum\" is known as a \"frum Jew\", a \"frummer\" (\"pious one\", related to German \"ein Frommer\"), or \"frummie\" (Yinglish diminutive \"pious one\"). These appellations are generally, but not only, applied to Orthodox Judaism, and used by some members of these groups as a self-reference. To follow a \"frum\" path in life implies the constant maintenance of an awareness of God by following spiritual practice as a \"makhmir\", meaning \"taking the stricter position on an issue\". In this way, the Ashkenazi \"frum\"-culture is variously seen as a precaution against transgressing the", "title": "Frum" }, { "idx": 30, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Shas Shas (, an acronym for \"Shomeri Torah Sefaradim\", \"Torah-Observant Sephardim\") is an ultra-Orthodox religious political party in Israel. Founded in 1984 under the leadership of Rabbi Ovadia Yosef, a former Israeli Sephardi chief rabbi, who remained its spiritual leader until his death in October 2013, it primarily represents the interests of Haredi Sephardic and Mizrahi Jews. Originally a small ethnic political group, Shas is currently Israel's seventh-largest party in the Knesset. Since 1984, it has almost always formed a part of the governing coalition, whether the ruling party was Labor or Likud. As of 2017, Shas members currently sit", "title": "Shas" } ]

[ "Ashkenazi Jews" ]

[ "In this respect, the counterpart of Ashkenazi is Sephardic, since most non-Ashkenazi Orthodox Jews follow Sephardic rabbinical authorities, whether or not they are ethnically Sephardic. By tradition, a Sephardic or Mizrahi woman who marries into an Orthodox or Haredi Ashkenazi Jewish family raises her children to be Ashkenazi Jews; conversely an Ashkenazi woman who marries a Sephardi or Mizrahi man is expected to take on Sephardic practice and the children inherit a Sephardic identity, though in practice many families compromise. A convert generally follows the practice of the beth din that converted him or her. With the integration of Jews from around the world in Israel, North America, and other places, the religious definition of an Ashkenazi Jew is blurring, especially outside Orthodox Judaism." ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "1987" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "song on Countdown. Camilleri said; \"I mortgaged the house to make \"Dear Children\" and then CBS Records stepped in and said: We like this record, we’ll buy it off you\" The group signed to CBS for distribution. \"Daughters of Glory\" was released in March 1987 and made the top 50. Dear Children Dear Children is the fourth studio album by Australian rock band The Black Sorrows. It was the bands first album released through CBS Records in April 1987. According to Australian musicologist, Ian McFarlane, \"Dear Children\" \"represented a turning point in the band's career\". The album peaked at number", "title": "Dear Children" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "singles \"Still the Same\" and \"That's What Friends Are For\" all failed to achieve the expected level of commercial success. During the summer of 1987, \"Ooh La La in L.A.\" was released as the album's third single, but mainly in Germany only, with CBS also releasing it in America as a promotional single. It was not a commercial success in Germany and did not achieve enough airplay on American radio, except in Los Angeles, to warrant CBS giving it a full release. The song would be Slade's last release through RCA Records. \"Ooh La La in L.A.\" had been written", "title": "Ooh La La in L.A." }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "the earlier decades include the Columbia Records, Crystalate, Decca Records, Edison Bell, The Gramophone Company, Invicta, Kalliope, Pathé, Victor Talking Machine Company and many others. Many record companies died out as quickly as they had formed, and by the end of the 1980s, the \"Big six\" — EMI, CBS, BMG, PolyGram, WEA and MCA — dominated the industry. Sony bought CBS Records in 1987 and changed its name to Sony Music in 1991. In mid-1998, PolyGram Music Group merged with MCA Music Entertainment creating what we now know as Universal Music Group. Since then, Sony and BMG merged in 2004,", "title": "Music industry" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "the year, which include SCA combat tournaments, Arts and Sciences competitions, seasonal feasts, etc. The Kingdom of Calontir annually hosts the War of the Lilies, a nine-day camping event each June, which in recent years has attracted about a thousand SCA members for combat and other activities. The first Lilies War was held in 1987 at Perry Lake in Kansas. Since 1992, the event has been held at Smithville Lake in Missouri. Unlike most SCA wars, which exploit inter-kingdom rivalries, Lilies War is a themed event, the contending groups based upon the theme of the year. According to the Lilies", "title": "Kingdom of Calontir" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "deal with Vanity Records, which was one of the most sought-after labels at the time. She released her album Don’t Talk Back in 1986. In 1986, she appeared on the original demo for the production that would become \"Jekyll & Hyde\" for Frank Wildhorn. After working on the Quiet Riot album \"Metal Health\" as backing vocals, Knight was bought out of her contract by CBS/PARC Records where she then recorded what would be a self-titled album \"Tuesday Knight\" in 1987 on Parc/CBS Records. It contained a cover version of Prince's \"Why You Wanna Treat Me So Bad?\" The album's sole", "title": "Tuesday Knight" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Loo of the Year Awards The Loo of the Year Awards are run by the British Toilet Association to celebrate the best public toilets in the United Kingdom, and promote high standards. It receives sponsorship from a number of companies working in the field—Armitage Shanks, Albany Washroom Services, SCA Hygiene Products, Technical Concepts and the British Cleaning Council—along with the national tourism boards of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. First introduced in 1987, the Loo of the Year Awards competition has run annually, except for 1993. Any type of public facility (what the British Toilet Association calls an 'away", "title": "Loo of the Year Awards" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "win in New Jersey on April 10. In an ironic twist, Avalanche forward Claude Lemieux notched the game-winning goal on a fluke shot in a Colorado 5–3 win in Philly on February 11. With the Devils the previous June, Lemieux hit the net from 50 feet out to give his club a 3–2 win in Game 5 of the conference finals. On April 2, the Flyers scored three short-handed goals in a 6-2 win over the New York Islanders. On April 11, the Flyers organization celebrated the final regular-season game in the Spectrum. The home team took care of their", "title": "1995–96 Philadelphia Flyers season" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vogel (plaintiff) and Marks (defendant) in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit. Billy Higgins (vaudeville) William Weldon Higgins (June 9, 1888 – April 19, 1937) was an American vaudeville entertainer, comedian, singer and songwriter — critically acclaimed, and is historically chronicled, as one of the most popular stage comedians of the 1920s. Langston Hughes named him as one of the \"Golden Dozen\" black comedians. On various recordings of the 1920s, Higgins used the pseudonym Jazz Caspar \"(aka\" Casper). Higgins was born in Columbia, South Carolina. He was African American and often worked in blackface. He began his", "title": "Billy Higgins (vaudeville)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "first international goal for Nigeria on 10 September 2013, against Burkina Faso in a friendly in Kaduna, Nigeria. In November 2013, he scored his second goal against Italy, in a friendly at Craven Cottage. On 12 May 2014, he was named in Nigeria's 30-man provisional squad for the 2014 FIFA World Cup, and later made the final 23-man squad. During the tournament, Ameobi made a total of two substitute appearances for the Super Eagles, failing to score in either and ultimately seeing out his side's 2–0 exit to France as an unused substitute. Newcastle United Shola Ameobi Foluwashola Ameobi (born", "title": "Shola Ameobi" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "which involves the negation of idol-worship; and love of one's neighbor. He shows by numerous citations that the latter means the love not only of one Jew for another, but the love for any neighbor, irrespective of faith. He presents a history of the various Jewish sects, enumerates the contributions of the Jews to learning and civilization, and at the end suggests a plan for the reorganization of Jewish education in Ukraine. He urges the necessity of founding rabbinical seminaries fashioned after the German institutions, training the Jewish youth in religious and secular learning, opening elementary Jewish schools throughout the", "title": "Isaac Baer Levinsohn" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "of these people is most remarkable. All persons appear to have exerted themselves in an extraordinary mannerly to remedy their condition; but there can be no doubt that to Mr. Beal is due the credit of every life saved, for if he had not brought science to bear upon their difficulties, and supplied them with water when there was scarcely a hope of it, the hot sun of that latitude and the burning sand on which they were encamped, would have made short work with them. Captain Wickham, on behalf of the government, supplied the shipwrecked mariners with lodging and", "title": "Kenn Reef" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "reported two thousand employees at one point and Ziv was able to buy his own television production studio, after years of leasing from the Hollywood studios. The following year, in 1956, the Big Three television networks, ABC, CBS and NBC, realized how successful they could be by syndicating their own previous hits, a negative move that cut deeply into the first-run syndication television market. Then Ziv began producing series for the networks, beginning with \"The West Point Story\" for CBS in the fall of that same year. By 1959, the networks began taking control of what went on the air", "title": "Frederick Ziv" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "their initial contract at Innervision. While the legal battle raged, Innervision released a medley of non-single tracks from album \"Fantastic\", entitled \"Club Fantastic Megamix\". Wham! publicly denounced the release and urged fans not to buy it. After all the legal wrangling, Innervision admitted there were royalty discrepancies with Wham!'s contract, and it was nullified as part of a legal compromise with CBS Records. The fall-out of this led to the bankruptcy and eventual dissolution of Innervision altogether in 1985. Innervision Records Innervision Records was an independent record label distributed by CBS Records. The label was established around 1981 by Mark", "title": "Innervision Records" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "after Aubrey's dismissal that Aubrey symbolized an era in television that has been and is too much rooted in calculated and insensitive preoccupation with making more money this year than last ... Automated situation comedies that wooed the young and did not drive away the old were the mainstay of his philosophy and they paid off. Aubrey, who left CBS with $2.5 million in network stock, moved to the Sunset Strip and set up a production company, The Aubrey Company. His attorney, Gregson E. Bautzer, in 1967 tried to buy the American Broadcasting Company for another client, the Las Vegas-based", "title": "James T. Aubrey" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "and had trouble finding concert bookings. He regained his professional footing through the few gigs he could find, and started recording with Warner Bros. Records. The record company managed to buy out his contract with Bang Records via a $20,000 cash transaction that took place in an abandoned warehouse on Ninth Avenue in Manhattan. By recording thirty-one songs in one session, Morrison fulfilled a clause that bound him to submit thirty-six original songs within a year to Web IV Music, Berns' music publishing company. Ilene Berns thought the songs were \"nonsense music ... about ringworms\" and did not use them.", "title": "Van Morrison" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Anju Suzuki , known professionally as , is a Japanese actress, television presenter, and former singer (under the stage name Kakko). Suzuki was born in Minoh, Osaka and raised in Kobe, Hyogo. At age 17, she was spotted by a CBS records scout when she was commuting to school. Soon after, she moved to the United Kingdom to pursue a singing career. Her first single \"We Should Be Dancing\" (produced by Stock Aitken Waterman) was released in February 1990 and peaked at number 101 on the UK single chart. Her second release \"What Kind Of Fool\" did not chart. Met", "title": "Anju Suzuki" } ]

[ "1987" ]

[ "On November 17, 1987, SCA acquired CBS Records, which hosted such acts as Michael Jackson, for US$2 billion. CBS Inc., now CBS Corporation, retained the rights to the CBS name for music recordings but granted Sony a temporary license to use the CBS name. CBS Corporation founded a new CBS Records in 2006, which is distributed by Sony through its RED subsidiary." ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "at the beginning of his second term" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "entire film was shot in a studio (in Arpajon). Jacques Saulnier, another of Resnais's longtime collaborators, provided elegant and sumptuous set designs, which together with the glamorous costumes designed by Jackie Budin complement the theatrical style of the acting, and frequent use of long camera shots enable a fluid staging of the musical numbers. Various cinematic devices are used both to intensify the characterizations (especially with close-ups and direct-to-camera asides), but also to distance the film spectator from the theatrical experience (e.g. dissolves to achieve characters' exits, overhead camera shots for some of the ensemble numbers). A set of four", "title": "Not on the Lips" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "feed and aired their own events which was some sports CBS would not touch including Curling in 1998. Also supplementing CBS's coverage was David Letterman as his show was Olympic themed in both 1994 and 1998 while the network aired the Olympics. A centerpiece of that coverage was nightly segments with his mother Dorothy, who was on-site at both the Lillehammer and Nagano Olympics. Coverage in the first decade of the 21st century revolved around two major storylines: As was the case with Seoul in 1988, NBC convinced the organizers of the 2008 Beijing Summer Olympics to stage many of", "title": "Olympics on United States television" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "ASA Midwest Tour and ASA Late Model Series Northern Division. In 2011, the track held its first ARCA race since 1973. The track regularly held American Speed Association events before the national touring series ended. The United States Super Trucks, Mid-American Stock Car Series, the HOSS series, and the USAC midgets have appeared in the past. Former track champions include: Other notable competitors: Madison International Speedway The Madison International Speedway (MIS) is a stock car racing oval in the Town of Rutland near Oregon, Wisconsin. The track is billed as \"The Track of Champions\" and \"Wisconsin's Fastest Half Mile.\" The", "title": "Madison International Speedway" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Paola Yacoub Paola Yacoub (born in Beirut) is an artist based in Berlin and Beirut. Paola Yacoub studied at the Lebanese Academy of Fine Arts, and graduated from the Architectural Association School of Architecture in London in 1993. She worked at the Institut Français d’Archéologie du Proche-Orient in charge of the excavation’s drawings in downtown Beirut from 1995 to 1999. She exhibited her project Affects (1998) at Univerzitav Ljubljana’s gallery. She developed her artistic production in Beirut in 2000 and started a collaboration with Michel Lasserre. In 2001 and 2003 they were invited at the Akademie Schloss Solitude, Stuttgart, and", "title": "Paola Yacoub" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "in 1998. In 2003 together with James Tomkins he was named with FISA male rower of the year. In 2004 he was appointed as an Athletes Commission member to the Australian Olympic Committee. In 2007 jointly with Duncan Free he was named FISA male rower of the year. In 2010, Ginn was inducted as a member of the Rowing Victoria Hall of Fame. In 2014, the International Rowing Federation awarded Ginn the Thomas Keller Medal for his outstanding international rowing career. It is the sport's highest honor and is awarded within five years of the athlete's retirement, acknowledging an exceptional", "title": "Drew Ginn" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"strongly condemn personal attacks on the honor and integrity of General Petraeus\". All 49 Republican Senators and 22 Democratic Senators voted in support. Democratic Presidential candidates Hillary Clinton and Chris Dodd voted against the amendment while Barack Obama and Joseph Biden did not vote. Obama issued a statement calling the resolution, put forward by Senator John Cornyn, Republican of Texas, \"a stunt. By not casting a vote, I registered my protest against these empty politics.\" The House passed an amendment to a continuing budget resolution which condemned the ad \"in the strongest terms\" by a 341-79 vote on September 26.", "title": "MoveOn.org ad controversy" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "events in a Toyota Sienna minivan when travelling with members of his family. The prime minister is also eligible to use the governor general's Cadillac stretch limousine at various times. The prime minister's car bears standard Ontario car plates. His or her motorcade is usually led by a Chrysler 300, Dodge Charger, or Mercury Grand Marquis. Certain ministers and officials are driven in Chrysler 300 sedans. There is also a Chevrolet Tahoe hybrid for official transportation. The ceremonial presidential vehicle in Chile is a 1966 black Ford Galaxie XL Convertible, given as a gift by Queen Elizabeth II on her", "title": "Official state car" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "more plain and precious parts of them.\" These smaller plates were kept by Nephi's descendants until about 150 BC, when the prophet Amaleki delivered the plates to Benjamin, king of Zarahemla, who \"put them with the other plates, which contained records which had been handed down by the kings\" (). Amaleki's last writing was the statement that the small plates were full () and from this point there were no further additions to the small plates. Mormon did not abridge the small plates of Nephi but he did include them in the records he gave to his son Moroni ().", "title": "Plates of Nephi" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "can be that individual, so be it.\" His spokesman remarked that the committee would help \"to put an infrastructure in place\" for the campaign. Bayh immediately returned to the campaign trail following his announcement, traveling back to Iowa on December 4 with approximately $10.6 million to continue spreading his message. The next weekend, Bayh visited New Hampshire to discuss his views on energy independence, global warming and the war in Iraq. But due to the two sold out appearances to the state by Barack Obama, who was recently named a potential candidate, Bayh's trip did not garner much media attention.", "title": "Evan Bayh 2008 presidential campaign" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mike Pence and his wife, Karen Pence. As per tradition, following the meeting between the President and the President-elect, they shared the Presidential motorcade limousine, and made their way to the Capitol for the inaugural ceremony. Roy Blunt commenced the inauguration ceremony at 11:41 a.m. with welcoming remarks about the nation's \"commonplace and miraculous\" tradition of a peaceful transition of power. Three religious figures delivered invocations, followed by the Missouri State University chorale performing an original work, \"Now We Belong\". After short remarks, Chuck Schumer ended his speech by asking everyone to stand for the swearing-in ceremony. President Barack Obama,", "title": "Inauguration of Donald Trump" } ]

[ "at the beginning of his second term" ]

[ "Washington, D.C. residents who support the statehood movement sometimes use a shortened version of the Revolutionary War protest motto \"No taxation without representation\", omitting the initial \"No\", denoting their lack of Congressional representation; the phrase is now printed on newly issued Washington, D.C. license plates (although a driver may choose to have the Washington, D.C. website address instead). President Bill Clinton's presidential limousine had the \"Taxation without representation\" license plate late in his term, while President George W. Bush had the vehicle's plates changed shortly after beginning his term in office. President Barack Obama had the license plates changed back to the protest style at the beginning of his second term." ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "the 2nd Canadian Division, the 3rd Canadian Division, the 4th Canadian Division and the 5th Canadian Division" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Dockyard in Halifax on the east coast, as well as one formation: the Naval Reserve Headquarters (NAVRESHQ) at Quebec City, Quebec. The fleet is augmented by various aircraft and supply vessels. The RCN participates in NATO exercises and operations, and ships are deployed all over the world in support of multinational deployments. The Canadian Army is headed by the Commander of the Canadian Army and administered through four divisions—the 2nd Canadian Division, the 3rd Canadian Division, the 4th Canadian Division and the 5th Canadian Division—the Canadian Army Doctrine and Training System and the Canadian Army Headquarters. Currently, the Regular Force", "title": "Canadian Armed Forces" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "a disk block. A disk block might be 16 kilobytes. If each record is 160 bytes, then 100 records could be stored in each block. The disk read time above was actually for an entire block. Once the disk head is in position, one or more disk blocks can be read with little delay. With 100 records per block, the last 6 or so comparisons don't need to do any disk reads—the comparisons are all within the last disk block read. To speed the search further, the first 13 to 14 comparisons (which each required a disk access) must be", "title": "B-tree" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "consecutive year, with Dierks Bentley as his co-host. The winners are shown in bold. The following received multiple nominations: \"Five\": \"Four\": \"Three\": \"Two\": 51st Academy of Country Music Awards The 51st Academy of Country Music Awards were held on April 3, 2016, at the MGM Grand in Las Vegas, Nevada. Nominations for the 51st Academy of Country Music Awards were announced on February 1, 2016. Previously, some categories including Entertainer of the Year, New Male Vocalist of the Year, New Female Vocalist of the Year, and New Duo or Group of the Year were voted directly by fans. Beginning with", "title": "51st Academy of Country Music Awards" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The shows [\"Temperatures Rising\" and \"The Paul Lynde Show\"] were doing good, they weren't big hits, but they were doing good. They felt that if they could put Paul [Lynde] and Cleavon Little together that they would have a big hit. I didn't want to do that. I said I \"won't\" do it, not at the sacrifice of the show. It's wrong. I don't think it's a good idea. But they wanted to bring in somebody else as the head of the hospital. They wanted his [Lynde's] mother to be head of the hospital and his conflicts would be with", "title": "Temperatures Rising" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "designed to be contemporary parents. Since the producers were both fathers, they designed the script to include more prominent adult story lines and a strong point of view on parenting. Judah was interested in focusing on how the family kept their moral center when moving to Beverly Hills, and the way the parents dealt with their teenagers. On May 11, 2008, one day before The CW's upfront presentations, the network officially picked up the series for the 2008–2009 television season. The show was largely considered unsuccessful during its first season, but the characters were a hit. After disagreeing with the", "title": "90210 (TV series)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Eurocopter EC130 The Eurocopter (now Airbus Helicopters) EC130 (now H130) is a single engine light utility helicopter developed from the earlier Eurocopter AS350 Écureuil, one of the primary changes from which was the adoption of a Fenestron anti-torque device in place of a conventional tail rotor. It was launched and produced by the Eurocopter Group, which would later be rebranded as Airbus Helicopters. During the 1980s, there was considerable interest within French aerospace manufacturer Aerospatiale to further develop their successful AS350 B3 Écureuil rotorcraft, which had been originally developed in the early 1970s. On 6 February 1987, a prototype AS350", "title": "Eurocopter EC130" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "more teams are level on league points, rankings are determined solely by score difference. The top four teams in Division 1 contest the Ladies' National Football League semi-finals (first plays fourth and second plays third). The top four teams in divisions 2, 3 and 4 contest the semi-finals of their respective divisions. The division champions are promoted. The last-placed teams in divisions 1, 2 and 3 are relegated. 2017 Ladies' National Football League The 2017 Ladies' National Football League, known for sponsorship reasons as the Lidl Ladies' National Football League, was a ladies' gaelic football competition that took place from", "title": "2017 Ladies' National Football League" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Administrative divisions of the Philippines The Philippines has four main classes of elected administrative divisions, often lumped together as local government units (LGUs). They are, from the highest to the lowest division: Beyond the above divisions, there other divisions that are frequently mentioned but differ in significant ways. Specifically, they do not have separate governments or independent budgets. The national government groups provinces and independent cities into national government regions, e.g. Metro Manila or Region VI. Also. a barangay may be informally or formally sub-divided into sitios and puroks. Neither the national government's regions nor a barangay's sitios or puroks", "title": "Administrative divisions of the Philippines" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Canadian Senate divisions Canadian Senate divisions refers to two aspects of the Senate of Canada. First, it refers to the division of Canada into four regional Senate divisions of 24 senators each, as set out in the Constitution of Canada (as defined in subsection 52(2) of the Constitution Act, 1982, consisting of the Canada Act 1982 (including the Constitution Act, 1982), all acts and orders referred to in the schedule (including the Constitution Act, 1867, formerly the British North America Act), and any amendments to these documents. The four regions are the Western Provinces, Ontario, Quebec and the Maritimes. These", "title": "Canadian Senate divisions" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "by the RFL resulted in a merger of the leagues and the creation of a new NCL 3rd division out of the old RLC National Division, which was replaced by the Conference League South in 2013. The National Conference League consists of four divisions. Teams can be promoted and relegated through all four divisions, and teams can also be relegated from Division Three into the regional leagues. For the 2018 season, there are three divisions of 12 teams, whilst the bottom tier consists of 13 teams. Although it is considered the tier below League 1, teams are not promoted and", "title": "National Conference League" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "monarch to undermine the autonomy of the tribe and force its population to adhere to the commands of the central government. Reza Shah Pahlavi would eventually execute a few noteworthy tribal leaders to crush Bakhtiari autonomy and maintain control over the tribe. Amongst the executed Khans was Mohammad Reza Khan (Sardar-e-Fateh), the father of what later became the Pahlavi Prime Minister Shapour Bakhtiar. The latter event was a turning point for Bakhtiari and their rise within Iranian politics. The Bakhtiari people are mainly from two tribal divisions, \"Chahar lang\" (English: Four Shares) and \"Haft Lang\" (English: Seven Shares). \"Lang\" word", "title": "Bakhtiari people" } ]

[ "the 2nd Canadian Division, the 3rd Canadian Division, the 4th Canadian Division and the 5th Canadian Division" ]

[ "The Canadian Army is headed by the Commander of the Canadian Army and administered through four divisions—the 2nd Canadian Division, the 3rd Canadian Division, the 4th Canadian Division and the 5th Canadian Division—the Canadian Army Doctrine and Training System and the Canadian Army Headquarters." ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "1994" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "was opened 1994 near the University of Maryland. The Washington National Records Center (WNRC), also located in the Washington, D.C., metro area, is a large warehouse type facility which stores federal records that are still under the control of the creating agency. Federal government agencies pay a yearly fee for storage at the facility. In accordance with federal records schedules, documents at WNRC are transferred to the legal custody of the National Archives after a certain point (this usually involves a relocation of the records to College Park). Temporary records at WNRC are either retained for a fee or destroyed", "title": "National Archives and Records Administration" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "National Archives of Malta The National Archives of Malta (NAM) is the central archive maintained by the Mediterranean island nation of Malta. The Archives has been housed in the Grandmaster's Palace for most of its lifetime, having moved to three separate locations during the late 1980s. In 1988, the Legal Documentation Section of the National Archives of Malta was opened, after records of court and tribunal hearings and decisions had been transferred to a Mdina facility beginning the previous year. A Gozo facility was opened soon after, and in 1994, the then-President of Malta, Ugo Mifsud Bonnici, officially opened the", "title": "National Archives of Malta" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Reinhard Kopps Reinhard Kopps (29 September 1914 Hamburg – 11 September 2001 Bariloche, Argentina) was an SS Officer for the Nazi Party during World War II. Following the defeat of Germany in World War II, he helped Nazis escape to Argentina, finally fleeing there himself. Under the assumed name of Juan Maler, Kopps was hiding in the small town of Bariloche in the Andes Mountains. Bariloche was the home of many Germans after World War II. Recently opened Nazi archives in 1994 caused ABC News to research Nazi war criminals. After research revealed many Nazis living in Argentina, Sam Donaldson", "title": "Reinhard Kopps" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "opened a second facility, known informally as \"Archives II\", in 1994 near the University of Maryland, College Park campus (8601 Adelphi Road, College Park, MD, 20740-6001). Largely because of this proximity, NARA and the University of Maryland engage in cooperative initiatives. The College Park campus includes an archaeological site that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996. The Washington National Records Center (WNRC), located in Suitland, Maryland is a large warehouse type facility which stores federal records which are still under the control of the creating agency. Federal government agencies pay a yearly fee for storage", "title": "National Archives facilities" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "the Legal Documentation Section, located in Mdina, which was opened in 1988. This facility is located in an old bank building and houses court and tribunal records dating back to those decisions made under the Knights Hospitaller. The second facility is the Archives' Gozo location, which holds over 9,000 items. The final facility to be opened was the Head Office, located in Rabat, which was officially opened in 1994. This facility houses most of Malta's official records, and is the Archives' main facility. The National Archives of Malta offers services available to all residents of Malta, although many of its", "title": "National Archives of Malta" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "over 20,000 photographs, which would stretch 7.5 km if laid back-to-back. The archives are open to the public and receive 80 to 120 visitors per week. Wellington Archives collections include: Wellington City Archives The Wellington City Archives preserves records of the Wellington City Council and other organisations relating to the history of Wellington, New Zealand. Established in 1994, the Council archives were housed in a single purpose-built facility in 1995, opened to the public in 1996, and made available online since 2007. Wellington was the first site of local government in New Zealand, and the city's archives date back to", "title": "Wellington City Archives" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Berlin Document Center The Berlin Document Center (BDC) was created in Berlin, Germany, after the end of World War II. Its task was to centralize the collection of documents from the time of Nazism, which were needed for the preparation of the Nuremberg Trials against war criminals. The BDC was under American administration until 1994, when the German Federal Archives (Bundesarchiv) was allowed to take control of the BDC. While the paper records remained in Germany, the entire collection was microfilmed and made available at the National Archives in Washington, DC, where researchers have much better access unhindered by restrictive", "title": "Berlin Document Center" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "1934 and 1955 respectively. The Old Library stopped serving as a main library, after the New Central Library, located where the Abe Stadium used to be, was completed in 1990. It now houses Takata Sanae Memorial Research Library, the University Archives, and Aizu Yaichi Museum. Takata Sanae Memorial Research Library opened in 1994. It is named after former university president Takata Sanae. Historical and cultural materials on Waseda University are exhibited in the University Archives, and the materials related with Ōkuma Shigenobu are exhibited in the Ōkuma Memorial Room at the Archives. Aizu Yaichi Memorial Museum opened in 1998. In", "title": "Waseda University" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Wellington City Archives The Wellington City Archives preserves records of the Wellington City Council and other organisations relating to the history of Wellington, New Zealand. Established in 1994, the Council archives were housed in a single purpose-built facility in 1995, opened to the public in 1996, and made available online since 2007. Wellington was the first site of local government in New Zealand, and the city's archives date back to 1842. As recently as 1994, the council records were stored at more than 10 places around Wellington, loosely classified using a system devised in 1926. Many were housed in sub-standard", "title": "Wellington City Archives" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "to the use of the Church of England. The open practice of the Catholic faith in the town did not become possible again until a Catholic priest, William Young, bought some property in the town and had a Catholic church, with adjoining rectory, built in 1845. The availability of services, however, remained occasional and infrequent until 1881, when the Lateran canons were allowed to return to the region, their first modern foundation in the United Kingdom after the Dissolution, under the authority of the Bishop of Plymouth, William Vaughan. A small community of the Order was then sent from Italy", "title": "Parish Church of St Mary and St Petroc" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Queen's Park, Bolton Queen's Park is a roughly circular Victorian park lying on sloping ground to the north-west of Bolton town centre, in Greater Manchester, England. Opened as Bolton Park on 24 May 1866 by Lord Bradford it was renamed in 1897 in honour of Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee. The park contains flowerbeds, duck ponds, and a children's play area and the River Croal runs through its lower area. A special feature is a series of grade II listed statues on the central terrace, including one of former British prime minister Benjamin Disraeli, John Fielding, a cotton Trade Unionist and", "title": "Queen's Park, Bolton" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "put on regular radio rotation in Canada. After moving to Toronto in 1997, he began recording solo albums and touring with noted Canadian musicians including Tegan and Sara, Melissa McClelland and Serena Ryder. For his 1995 debut album, \"Keeping Me Awake\", Vopnfjörð played acoustic guitar and handled vocals, while the album was produced by Vopnfjörð and Rick May. \"Keeping Me Awake\" was recorded by John Ellis at Melodeon Studios on Vancouver Island. Among the included studio musicians were Paul Brennan on drums, Rick May on bass, and Sean Ashby on lap steel guitar. The album was released independently, was followed", "title": "Lindy Vopnfjörð" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "a change, Christ is present objectively which does not depend on the faith of the recipient, but the Church refused to define the 'how' (and still does) asking that the bread and wine 'be' the Body and Blood of Jesus Christ rather than 'become.' The so-called 'Black Rubric' in the 1552 Prayer Book which allowed kneeling for communion but denied the real and essential presence of Christ in the elements was omitted in the 1559 edition. It was re-instated in the 1662 Book modified to deny any corporeal presence to suggest Christ was present in his natural Body. The bread", "title": "Eucharist" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "commission sent by the NKAP to examine German research facilities, informed the trophy brigades in Soviet occupied Germany that their task involved: ... the removal, safekeeping and shipment to Moscow of all German experimental aircraft and engines of all types; aviation equipment, components and all materials associated with their design and production; scientific research materials; laboratory installations; wind tunnels; instrumentation; libraries; and scientific archives. The Commission must work on the scene immediately after Soviet troops capture appropriate locations, scientific centers and industrial regions of Germany. By 1953, the Soviet Union had developed their own version of the V-2. This system", "title": "Soviet rocketry" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "of Yugoslavia were formed. Serbia today operates an extensive network of archives that cover the whole of the country. Although the National Archive in Belgrade was heavily damaged during World War II, the archives still hold a large amount of information that dates back to early medieval times. Within its 972 archives and 51 collections, the Archives of Serbia houses 10 kilometers of historical records. When taking the time of origin into account, the archival materials are divided into two segments – the old and new period. The old period comprises the archival materials until the end of 1918, while", "title": "Archive of Serbia" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "storage building was opened in 2009 at Kalvebod Brygge. It was designed by PLH Arkitekter. It was founded in 1889 out of two older national archives, \"Gehejmearkivet\" (1296-1883) and \"Kongerigets arkiv\" (1861-1884). The Danish National Archives holds the archives of the Danish overseas trading companies, including the archives of the Danish East India Company, the Danish Asiatic Company, the Danish West India and Guinea Company and the Danish West India Trading Company, and reflects Denmark's relations with foreign countries such as the European States, Russia, Turkey, North African states and the American states. The archives of the Danish overseas trading", "title": "Danish National Archives" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "state archives. Girl Guides WA operates \"Our Barn\" in York The original building on the property is from the Victorian Era and was originally the stables of Haversham House. It has a rich history, and was used by the Red Cross in World War II as a convalescent home for the armed services. Our Barn was converted into a dormitory by Girl Guides WA in the 1970s and officially opened as a Guide Property in 1977. Scouting and Guiding in Western Australia Scouting in Western Australia is predominantly represented by a branch of Scouts Australia and Girl Guides Western Australia,", "title": "Scouting and Guiding in Western Australia" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "houses the archives of the Party of Labour of Albania. The archives also holds deeds and contracts, which were placed in the archives when property was taken from landowners by the Party of Labour. Specific collections include correspondence between the People's Socialist Republic of Albania and the Swiss Communist Party. Notable pieces in the collections include the Codex Beratinus and Codex Beratinus II, both which are listed in the Memory of the World Register. The archives also holds the Elbasan Gospel Manuscript, which is a primary document for those interested in the Elbasan alphabet. General Directorate of Archives (Albania) The", "title": "General Directorate of Archives (Albania)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "the Local Government (Records) Act 1962 was permissive rather than mandatory, the network has gradually expanded. Bristol Record Office (now Bristol Archives), opened in 1924, has been identified as the second local office to become established. The whole network now includes repositories – which operate largely independently of each other – throughout the whole of England and Wales (the most recent being Powys Archives, opened in the 1980s). Often the foundations of many of the earlier collections were the extensive surviving archives originating from a county's quarter sessions – in the county of Somerset a special muniment room had actually", "title": "County record office" } ]

[ "1994" ]

[ "Because of space constraints, NARA opened a second facility, known informally as Archives II, in 1994 near the University of Maryland, College Park campus (8601 Adelphi Road, College Park, MD, 20740-6001). Largely because of this proximity, NARA and the University of Maryland engage in cooperative initiatives. The College Park campus includes an archaeological site that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996." ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "Amitābha" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "wrote \"Legend\", the story of a group of acquaintances who debate the meaning of a dead friend's life and work. Dane's 1921 play, \"A Bill of Divorcement\", tells the story of a daughter who cares for her deranged father. In 1932 the smash hit play was adapted for film starring Katharine Hepburn and John Barrymore. Dane began writing screenplays as well as novels. She co-wrote the screenplay for \"Anna Karenina\" starring Greta Garbo. The pinnacle of Dane's success was winning an Academy Award with Anthony Pelissier for \"Vacation from Marriage\", released in the United Kingdom as \"Perfect Strangers\", starring Robert", "title": "Clemence Dane" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "political friends of Tammany Hall printed ballots with his name and distributed them among their followers to vote for Porter for Governor of New York at the special election which was held after the resignation of Governor Daniel D. Tompkins. DeWitt Clinton, the otherwise unopposed candidate, was fiercely hated by the Tammany organization, and Porter received about 1,300 votes although he was not really running for the office. Porter became a regent of the University of the State of New York in 1824, and served in that capacity until 1830. He was again a member of the State Assembly (Erie", "title": "Peter Buell Porter" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hermite–Minkowski theorem In mathematics, especially in algebraic number theory, the Hermite–Minkowski theorem states that for any integer \"N\" there are only finitely many number fields, i.e., finite field extensions \"K\" of the rational numbers Q, such that the discriminant of \"K\"/Q is at most \"N\". The theorem is named after Charles Hermite and Hermann Minkowski. This theorem is a consequence of the estimate for the discriminant where \"n\" is the degree of the field extension, together with Stirling's formula for \"n\"<nowiki>!</nowiki>. This inequality also shows that the discriminant of any number field strictly bigger than Q is not ±1, which", "title": "Hermite–Minkowski theorem" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Whelen, Wilson and Carey were replaced by Nellie Carson, Norman Stone and Norman Notley. This group toured America in 1925, the first of many such tours. In October 1932 Kelly formed a new group, the New English Singers, whose repertoire was again Elizabethan madrigals but also including contemporary works by Gustav Holst and Ralph Vaughan Williams. The members were Dorothy Silk and Nellie Carson (sopranos), Mary Morris (contralto), David Brynely and Norman Notley (tenors) and Kelly himself. The group toured in the United States, appearing at New York's Town Hall. Both tenors were replaced by 1936, the new tenors being", "title": "English Singers" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "the Burmese. Dupleix promised men and munitions and dispatched Sieur de Bruno with the objective of developing French influence in the country. He arrived at Bago, Burma in July 1751. Sieur de Bruno reported back that a few hundred French troops would be able to take control of the Irrawaddy Delta, triggering an official request by Dupleix to the French court to obtain the necessary military support. Sieur de Bruno obtained a treaty and formed an alliance between France and the Mons. Governor Thomas Saunders of Madras attempted to counter the French moves in the region by sending a military", "title": "France–Myanmar relations" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "his legs. However, he was adamant and continued his practice unmindful of the vines, ants, and dust that enveloped his body. According to Jain text \"Ādi purāṇa\", on the last day of Bahubali's one year long fast, Bharata came in all humility to Bahubali and worshiped him with veneration and respect. A painful regret that he had been the cause of his elder brother's humiliation had been disturbing Bahubali's meditation; this was dispersed when Bharata worshipped him. Bahubali was then able to destroy the four kinds of inimical \"karmas\", including the knowledge obscuring karma, and he attained omniscience (\"kevala gyana\").", "title": "Bahubali" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "other aspects of the action, strives to do one's best, and this leads to liberating self-empowerment. According to chapter 5 of the \"Bhagavad Gita\", both \"sannyasa\" (renunciation, monastic life) and \"karma yoga\" are means to liberation. Between the two, it recommends \"karma yoga\", stating that anyone who is a dedicated karma yogi neither hates nor desires, and therefore such as person is the \"eternal renouncer\". The \"Bhagavad Gita\" gives a summary of the karma yoga process. The \"Gita\" itself is a chapter from the epic known as \"Mahabharata\", wherein a dialogue takes place between the prince Arjuna, and his friend", "title": "Karma yoga" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Shikoku is said to have been made by Genshin in the Heian Period. Genshin Genshin (源信; 942 – July 6, 1017), also known as Eshin Sozu, was the most influential of a number of Tendai scholars active during the tenth and eleventh centuries in Japan. He was not a wandering evangelist as Kūya was, but was an elite cleric who espoused a doctrine of devotion to Amida Buddha which taught that because Japan was thought to have entered \"mappō\", the \"degenerate age\" of the \"latter law,\" the only hope for salvation lay in the reliance on the power of Amitabha.", "title": "Genshin" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "be taken out and attached to a Karma grip. The Karma grip has greater than 1-hour battery life. On November 8, 2016, Go Pro announced the recall of the Karma Drone following reports of loss of electrical power on the drone during operation. On February 1, 2017, the company announced that the Karma Drone will return to stores with a redesigned battery latch. On January 9, 2018, GoPro announced that it was discontinuing the Karma drone and that it was exiting the drone marketplace. A camera rig that synchronizes six GoPro HERO4 Black cameras allowing users to stitch and make", "title": "GoPro" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Its influence can be seen in Japanese Buddhist paintings and other, later, texts. The founder of Jōdo Shinshū Buddhism, Shinran, wrote an influential commentary on the \"Ōjōyōshū\" titled, \"Notes on Essentials of Rebirth\", while Hōnen first encountered Pure Land teachings after studying Genshin's writings. In 986, a copy was sent to China, where the monks where impressed enough to call Genshin the \"Little Shakyamuni\". Ōjōyōshū The was an influential medieval Buddhist text composed in 985 by the Japanese Buddhist monk Genshin. Three volumes in length and in kanbun prose, the text expounds on Pure Land Buddhist thought, with emphasis on", "title": "Ōjōyōshū" } ]

[ "Amitābha" ]

[ "In Theravada Buddhism there can be no divine salvation or forgiveness for one's karma, since it is a purely impersonal process that is a part of the makeup of the universe.[citation needed] In Mahayana Buddhism, the texts of certain Mahayana sutras (such as the Lotus Sutra, the Aṅgulimālīya Sūtra and the Mahāyāna Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra) claim that the recitation or merely the hearing of their texts can expunge great swathes of negative karma. Some forms of Buddhism (for example, Vajrayana) regard the recitation of mantras as a means for cutting off of previous negative karma. The Japanese Pure Land teacher Genshin taught that Amitābha has the power to destroy the karma that would otherwise bind one in saṃsāra." ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "farms" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dorin Mateuț Dorin Mateuț (born 5 August 1965) is a retired Romanian footballer. He currently works as an assistant manager for Dinamo Bucharest. He was born in Bogata-Curtuiuş, Cluj County and debuted in Divizia A with Corvinul Hunedoara in 1981. In the 1986–87 season, he earned a transfer to Dinamo București. He scored an astounding 43 goals to take the top goalscorer title and even the European Golden Boot in 1988–89, and the following year Dinamo won the league championship. He later played abroad with mixed success, in Spain and Italy. Mateuț made his debut for Romania in 1984 against", "title": "Dorin Mateuț" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "agriculture and land was increasingly taken out of production altogether. In some cases entire settlements were abandoned, and nearly 1,500 villages were lost during this period. Landowners also abandoned the system of direct management of their demesne lands, which had begun back in the 1180s, and turned instead to \"farming\" out large blocks of land for fixed money rents. Initially, livestock and land were rented out together under \"stock and lease\" contracts, but this was found to be increasingly impractical and contracts for farms became centred purely on land. Many of the rights to church parish tithes were also \"farmed\"", "title": "Economy of England in the Middle Ages" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Swasey Mountain Swasey Mountain, is the north section of the House Range of northwest Millard County, Utah, United States; the extreme north of Swasey Mountain extends into south Juab County. The Swasey Mountain section contains a north-trending ridge at the west, about 14-mi long; the south of the section is east-west, the mountain shaped like an \"L\". The south, an east-west section is a massif, with a circular section attached to the southeast. The highpoint of Swasey Mountain is at the southwest corner of the massif (the L-shape), and is Swasey Peak, . Another highpoint north, near the center of", "title": "Swasey Mountain" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "films that were rooted in reality. On \"Never Fear\", Lupino said, \"People are tired of having the wool pulled over their eyes. They pay out good money for their theatre tickets and they want something in return. They want realism. And you can't be realistic with the same glamorous mugs on the screen all the time.\" Lupino's films are critical of many traditional social institutions, which reflect her contempt for the patriarchal structure that existed in Hollywood. Lupino rejected the commodification of female stars and as an actress, she resisted becoming an object of desire. She said in 1949, \"Hollywood", "title": "Ida Lupino" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "erotic poems have survived from ancient Greece and Rome. The Greek poets Straton of Sardis and Sappho of Lesbos both wrote erotic lyric poems. The poet Archilochus wrote numerous satirical poems filled with obscene and erotic imagery. Erotic poems continued to be written in Hellenistic and Roman times by writers like Automedon (\"The Professional\" and \"Demetrius the Fortunate\"), Philodemus (\"Charito\") and Marcus Argentarius. Notable Roman erotic poets included Catullus, Propertius, Tibullus, Ovid, Martial and Juvenal, and the anonymous Priapeia. Some later Latin authors such as Joannes Secundus also wrote erotic verse. \"The Seven Beauties\" () also known as \"Bahramnameh\" (,", "title": "Erotic literature" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "was run on naval terms, Atkinson may have felt he had no authority to do anything other than carry out Scott's original orders, nor to order Meares to accompany Dimitri and the dogs to One Ton. Fiennes concludes: \"There are many individuals involved with what Scott termed a 'miserable jumble', and all have produced their own versions of what prompted their action or inaction at the time. Scott did not apportion human blame, nor did he accept it.\" Atkinson was the only medically qualified officer to see the bodies of Scott, Wilson and Bowers. The extent of any detailed examination", "title": "Edward L. Atkinson" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "he built many churches and chapels commemorating the Passion of Christ. To serve the arriving pilgrims, he brought over several religious orders, among them Papczyński's community. In 1677, he consigned to him the Church of the Lord's Cenacle with its adjacent monastery. The previous obligations of living a hermits' lifestyle were not in force at this institution. Papczyński lived here until his death, 24 years later. On 21 April 1679, Wierzbowski canonically constituted Stanislaus's institute, composed of two houses, as an Order of diocesan right. The stated goal of the community was to spread devotion to the Virgin Mary, and", "title": "Stanislaus Papczyński" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "continuation of certain liturgical acts even in the case of excommunication. During his ten-year primacy, Báncsa supported the spread of various religious orders in Hungary. In 1246, Eusebius asked Báncsa for permission to leave his profession to become a hermit. Conscious sacrifice led him to hermitage. He settled in a cave north of Pilisszántó. He placed a large wooden cross in front of the entrance of his cave where he prayed and did his contemplations. Four years later he is said to have been admonished in a vision to gather into community the other hermits living in the vicinity, for", "title": "Stephen I Báncsa" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "of Canon Law uses the expression \"monastery of nuns\". The new code did not force traditional orders that were taking on works outside the monastery into uniformity. In response to Vatican II there has been \"vigorous discussion among monastics as regards what kinds of work and life-styles are genuinely compatible with monastic life\". Religious sister (Catholic) Religious sister in the Catholic Church refers to a woman who has taken public vows in a religious institute dedicated to apostolic works, as distinguished from a nun who lives a cloistered monastic life dedicated to prayer. Both nuns and sisters use the term", "title": "Religious sister (Catholic)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "based on any \"authority\" of established beliefs, but rather on \"what it can accomplish\" for the people who practice it. Today the International Centers for Spiritual Living, the United Centers for Spiritual Living (which combined into the Centers for Spiritual Living in 2011) and Global Religious Science Ministries are the main denominations promoting Religious Science. Ernest Holmes did not originally intend for RS/SOM to be a \"church\", but rather a teaching institution. In that spirit, many member \"churches\" have traditionally referred to themselves as \"centers.\" The mental healing work of Phineas Quimby was a source of inspiration to much of", "title": "Religious Science" } ]

[ "farms" ]

[ "Dominic sought to establish a new kind of order, one that would bring the dedication and systematic education of the older monastic orders like the Benedictines to bear on the religious problems of the burgeoning population of cities, but with more organizational flexibility than either monastic orders or the secular clergy. Dominic's new order was to be a preaching order, trained to preach in the vernacular languages. Rather than earning their living on vast farms as the monasteries had done, the new friars would survive by begging, \"selling\" themselves through persuasive preaching." ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "and is still used with some frequency today. The Xunta de Galicia, the local devolved government, uses \"Galicia\". The Royal Galician Academy, the institution responsible for regulating the Galician language, whilst recognizing \"Galiza\" as a legitimate current denomination, has stated that the only official name of the country is \"Galicia\". The oldest attestation of human presence in Galicia has been found in the Eirós Cave, in the municipality of Triacastela, which has preserved animal remains and Neanderthal stone objects from the Middle Paleolithic. The earliest culture to have left significant architectural traces is the Megalithic culture, which expanded along the", "title": "Galicia (Spain)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Eyarkon Kalikkama Nayanar Eyarkon Kalikkama Nayanar, also known as Eyarkon Kalikama Nayanar, Kalikkama Nayanar, Kalikamba Nayanar, Kalikkamar, Kalikamar, Kalikkambar, Yeyarkon Kalikkamar and Eyarkon Kalikkamar, is a Nayanar saint, venerated in the Hindu sect of Shaivism. He is generally counted as the twenty-ninth in the list of 63 Nayanars. The life of Eyarkon Kalikkama Nayanar is described in the \"Periya Puranam\" by Sekkizhar (12th century), which is a hagiography of the 63 Nayanars. He is dated to the 8th century and was a contemporary of Sundarar, one of the most prominent Nayanar saints. Kalikkama was born in Tiruperumangalam (Tirupperumangakalam), Ponni Nadu", "title": "Eyarkon Kalikkama Nayanar" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "league in yards per catch. In his first career playoff game, a 31–29 loss to the Jacksonville Jaguars, he finished the game with 3 catches, 49 yards, and a touchdown. Despite returning no punts throughout the 2007 season, Holmes explored returning again for the 2008 season. During the offseason, Holmes had set a goal to play in all 16 games throughout the season, increasing his weight by 11 pounds through workouts in the offseason. Holmes began the season with 2 receptions for 19 yards in a win against the Houston Texans. In the following 10-6 win over the Cleveland Browns,", "title": "Santonio Holmes" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lady of the Southern Star\". On 9 April 1960 Fr. Joachim (later Joseph) Murphy OSCO was elected to the office of Abbot and he was formally installed in a ceremony conducted by McKeefry in August 1960. Murphy continued as Abbot until 1986. During these years the changes in the Catholic Church made by the Vatican Council II made an impact. Renewal was required of the community. Monks were offered the opportunity for higher studies in Rome, Latin gradually gave way to English in the Liturgy and the emphasis placed on fraternal life in community led to significant changes in lifestyle.", "title": "Southern Star Abbey" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Shaw married Mary Primrose Kennedy of Kirkmichael at Ayr in 1820, with whom he later had one son and two daughters. In 1834, on succeeding, in right of his wife, to the estate of Kirkmichael, he added Kennedy to his surname. They had three children: Wilhelmina Shaw, who died young; Henrietta Shaw Kennedy, who married Primrose W. Kennedy of Drumellan; John Shaw Kennedy (d 1905), laird of Kirkmichael James Shaw Kennedy General Sir James Shaw Kennedy, (13 October 1788 – 30 May 1865) was a British soldier and military writer. Shaw Kennedy was the son of Captain John Shaw, a", "title": "James Shaw Kennedy" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "at the motion. His friend Vincent claims that the ring moves according to the will of the men in the room, which causes an argument among the guests. Another man, Cyprian, begins to tell one of his stories in order to prove the existence of the supernatural: Cyprian's story takes place at the county house of Colonel von P———. During his time there, Cyprian meets the colonel's two daughters: the elder, Augusta, is a lovely woman and the picture of perfect health, while the younger, Adelgunda, is lovely but physically gaunt and naturally quiet. Cyprian notices that other members of", "title": "The Automata" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "an area of and was named after Julia Maitland who is considered to be a relative of Governor Fergusson., The first local government bodies within the hundred were the District Council of Yorke Peninsula and the Corporate Town of Maitland. Localities include most of the Maitland boundary including the township, Yorke Valley and the western area of Cunningham. The Hundred of Cunningham () was proclaimed on 19 June 1873. It covers an area of around the Ardrossan and Price areas and its name is reported as being derived from Hastings Cunningham which was the founder of what is now Mount", "title": "County of Fergusson" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kenya Broadcasting Corporation Kenya Broadcasting Corporation (KBC) is the state-run media organisation of Kenya. It broadcasts in English and Swahili, as well as in most local languages of Kenya. The corporation started its life in 1928 when Kenya was a British colony. In 1964, when Kenya became an independent country, the corporation's name was changed to Voice of Kenya. In 1989, the Kenyan parliament reverted the corporation's name from Voice of Kenya to Kenya Broadcasting Corporation. During the rule of president Daniel arap Moi, KBC became the mouthpiece of the government. Each broadcast opened with a piece on what the", "title": "Kenya Broadcasting Corporation" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Isuikwuato Isuikwuato is a local government area in Abia State in southeastern Nigeria. The name Isu-Ikwu-Ato translates from Igbo as 'three Isu families or lineage' and refers to the three lineages descended from the Isu people, in what is now a local government area. The three brothers are Imenyi which was Considered the Eldest, Oguduasaa the second eldest and their younger sibling Isuamawo, these three major clans which also harbours some various communities in each of them makes up the present day Isuikwuato.It has an estimated population of over 50,000 people. Isuikwuato has natural resources such as iron ore and", "title": "Isuikwuato" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Local area agreement A local area agreement (LAA) in the UK is a 3-year agreement between central government and a local area working through its Local Strategic Partnership. It contains a set of improvement targets which local organisations are committed to achieving and a delivery plan setting out what each partner is intending to do to achieve those targets. LAA targets have to reflect the vision, priorities and challenges set out in the Sustainable Community strategy, which are 10-year vision statements for a given area required by national government. LAA targets are chosen in discussion with all partners, and are", "title": "Local area agreement" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "England, it falls under the responsibility of Dept of Communities and Local Government who provide help to Local Authorities to run provide support programmes. In Wales, Supporting People is administrated by the Welsh Assembly Government The aims of the Supporting People Programme in Wales are: In Wales, a Supporting People Outcomes Framework has been developed to target and monitor the support provided. The aim of the Outcomes Framework is to help understand what Supporting People services achieve and to measure the impact support interventions have on those who receive services. The Welsh Government, local authorities and housing related support providers", "title": "Supporting People" } ]

[ "Xunta de Galicia" ]

[ "The name evolved during the Middle Ages from Gallaecia, sometimes written Galletia, to Gallicia. In the 13th century, with the written emergence of the Galician language, Galiza became the most usual written form of the name of the country, being replaced during the 15th and 16th centuries by the current form, Galicia, which coincides with the Castilian Spanish name. The historical denomination Galiza became popular again during the end of the 19th and the first three-quarters of the 20th century, being still used with some frequency today, although not by the Xunta de Galicia, the local devolved government. The Royal Galician Academy, the institution responsible for regulating the Galician language, whilst recognizing it as a legitimate current denomination, has stated that the only official name of the country is Galicia." ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "erroneously humorous and confusing than enlightening. Interactive translations with pop-up windows are becoming more popular. These tools show one or more possible equivalents for each word or phrase. Human operators merely need to select the likeliest equivalent as the mouse glides over the foreign-language text. Possible equivalents can be grouped by pronunciation. Also, companies such as Ectaco produce pocket devices that provide machine translations. Relying exclusively on unedited machine translation, however, ignores the fact that communication in human language is context-embedded and that it takes a person to comprehend the context of the original text with a reasonable degree of", "title": "Translation" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "for evaluating the output quality of machine translation systems. The oldest is the use of human judges to assess a translation's quality. Even though human evaluation is time-consuming, it is still the most reliable method to compare different systems such as rule-based and statistical systems. Automated means of evaluation include BLEU, NIST, METEOR, and LEPOR. Relying exclusively on unedited machine translation ignores the fact that communication in human language is context-embedded and that it takes a person to comprehend the context of the original text with a reasonable degree of probability. It is certainly true that even purely human-generated translations", "title": "Machine translation" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "erroneously humorous and confusing than enlightening. Interactive translations with pop-up windows are becoming more popular. These tools show one or more possible equivalents for each word or phrase. Human operators merely need to select the likeliest equivalent as the mouse glides over the foreign-language text. Possible equivalents can be grouped by pronunciation. Also, companies such as Ectaco produce pocket devices that provide machine translations. Relying exclusively on unedited machine translation, however, ignores the fact that communication in human language is context-embedded and that it takes a person to comprehend the context of the original text with a reasonable degree of", "title": "Translation" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jim Devlin James Alexander Devlin (June 6, 1849 – October 10, 1883) was an American Major League Baseball player who played mainly as a first baseman early in his career, then as a pitcher in the latter part. He played for three teams during his five-year career; the Philadelphia White Stockings and the Chicago White Stockings of the National Association, and the Louisville Grays of the National League. However, after admitting to throwing games and costing the Grays the pennant in the 1877 Louisville Grays scandal, he and three of his teammates were banished permanently from Major League Baseball. Jim", "title": "Jim Devlin" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "new Maroon community of Charles Town. The white superintendents took control of both Charles Town and Scott's Hall in the aftermath of the Crawford's Town uprising. Quao Quao (d. c. 1750s) was one of the leaders of the Windward Maroons, who fought the British colonial forces of Jamaica to a standstill during the First Maroon War of the 1730s. The Windward Maroons were based in the forested interior of the island, in the heart of the Blue Mountains (Jamaica). During the First Maroon War, Quao shared the leadership of the Windward Maroons with Queen Nanny, an outstanding female Maroon leader.", "title": "Quao" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females there were 97.90 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.90 males. The median income for a household in the county was $30,651, and the median income for a family was $38,618. Males had a median income of $28,424 versus $21,027 for females. The per capita income for the county was $15,146. About 9.70% of families and 14.10% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.40% of those under age 18 and 12.60% of those age", "title": "Wadena County, Minnesota" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "professional operations management and advisers as of July 1, 1995. \"July 27, 1997\"- A massive flood hit Fort Collins and Colorado State University was extensively damaged. The destruction of the radio station’s studios, equipment and offices, along with all of the Student Media (Campus TV, The Rocky Mountain Collegian newspaper, and the Silver Spruce Yearbook at the time) forced the station to relocate to the annex at the old Fort Collins High School. \"August 20, 1997\"- Three weeks after the flood, KCSU resumes broadcasting using donated and salvaged equipment. KCSU began broadcasting from an old garage, affectionately called the “bus", "title": "KCSU-FM" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "develop and nurture photographic talent in Nigeria by providing a platform for emerging Nigerian photographers to have their work exhibited to a wide audience and win monetary prizes. The Etisalat Photography Competition utilises multiple web-based platforms and social media outlets making it easier for the public to participate. Three winners will be announced during the Grand Opening of LagosPhoto. Mapping Workshop: Future Cities Laboratory, a Ph.D research project on comparative megacities based in Singapore, will present their research on Lagos during the festival through an interactive mapping workshop led by Lindsay Sawyer. LagosPhoto 2013 inaugurated the FOTObook project, an international", "title": "Lagos Photo" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "of short English sentences into Russian. This engineering feat mesmerised the public and the governments of both the USA and USSR who therefore stimulated large-scale funding in machine translation research. Although the enthusiasm for machine translation was extremely high, technical and knowledge limitations led to disillusions regarding what machine translation was actually capable of doing, at least at that time. Thus machine translation lost in popularity until the 1980s, when advances in linguistics and technology helped revitalise the interest in this field. \"Translingual information retrieval (TLIR) consists of providing a query in one language and searching document collections in one", "title": "Dictionary-based machine translation" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Caitra Caitra is a translation Computer Assisted Tool, or CAT, developed by the University of Edinburgh. Provided from an online platform, Caitra is based on AJAX Web.2 technologies and the Moses decoder. The web page of the tool is implemented with Ruby on Rails, an open source web framework, and C++. Caitra assists human translators by offering suggestions and alternative translations. Machine Translation (MT) systems are typically used by readers who do not need a thorough translation and want quick access to the foreign language. Professional translators usually require advanced machine translation tools to make their work easier and to", "title": "Caitra" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "translation also appeals to private website users and bloggers. Contents of websites are translatable but urls of websites are not translatable into other languages. Language tools on the internet provide help in understanding text. (see reference link). Computer-assisted translation (CAT), also called \"computer-aided translation,\" \"machine-aided human translation\" (MAHT) and \"interactive translation,\" is a form of translation wherein a human translator creates a target text with the assistance of a computer program. The machine supports a human translator. Computer-assisted translation can include standard dictionary and grammar software. The term, however, normally refers to a range of specialized programs available to the", "title": "Translation" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "the pre-editing necessary in order to provide input for machine-translation software, such that the output will not be meaningless. The weaknesses of pure machine translation, unaided by human expertise, are those of artificial intelligence itself. Translator Mark Polizzotti holds that machine translation, by Google Translate and the like, is unlikely to threaten human translators anytime soon, because machines will never grasp nuance and connotation. Translation of literary works (novels, short stories, plays, poems, etc.) is considered a literary pursuit in its own right. Notable in Canadian literature \"specifically\" as translators are figures such as Sheila Fischman, Robert Dickson, and Linda", "title": "Translation" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Interlingual machine translation Interlingual machine translation is one of the classic approaches to machine translation. In this approach, the source language, i.e. the text to be translated is transformed into an interlingua, i.e., an abstract language-independent representation. The target language is then generated from the interlingua. Within the rule-based machine translation paradigm, the interlingual approach is an alternative to the direct approach and the transfer approach. In the direct approach, words are translated directly without passing through an additional representation. In the transfer approach the source language is transformed into an abstract, less language-specific representation. Linguistic rules which are specific", "title": "Interlingual machine translation" } ]

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[ "Relying exclusively on unedited machine translation, however, ignores the fact that communication in human language is context-embedded and that it takes a person to comprehend the context of the original text with a reasonable degree of probability. It is certainly true that even purely human-generated translations are prone to error; therefore, to ensure that a machine-generated translation will be useful to a human being and that publishable-quality translation is achieved, such translations must be reviewed and edited by a human." ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "encroach. For much of the 4th century, Roman society stabilised in a new form that differed from the earlier classical period, with a widening gulf between the rich and poor, and a decline in the vitality of the smaller towns. Another change was the Christianisation, or conversion of the empire to Christianity, a gradual process that lasted from the 2nd to the 5th centuries. In 376, the Goths, fleeing from the Huns, received permission from Emperor Valens (r. 364–378) to settle in the Roman province of Thracia in the Balkans. The settlement did not go smoothly, and when Roman officials", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "the Battle of Samarra against the Persian Empire and was succeeded by Jovian, who ruled for only nine months. Following the death of Jovian, Valentinian I emerged as Emperor in 364. He immediately divided the Empire once again, giving the eastern half to his brother Valens. Stability was not achieved for long in either half, as the conflicts with outside forces (barbarian tribes) intensified. In 376, the Visigoths, fleeing before the Ostrogoths, who in turn were fleeing before the Huns, were allowed to cross the river Danube and settle in the Balkans by the Eastern government. Mistreatment caused a full-scale", "title": "Western Roman Empire" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "have been particularly significant. Much of what follows about the battle itself is modern supposition. In 376 AD, displaced by the invasions of the Huns, the Goths, led by Alavivus and Fritigern, asked to be allowed to settle in the Eastern Roman Empire. Hoping that they would become farmers and soldiers, the Eastern Roman emperor Valens allowed them to establish themselves in the Empire as allies (foederati). However, once across the Danube (and in Roman territory), the dishonesty of the provincial commanders Lupicinus and Maximus led the newcomers to revolt after suffering many hardships. Valens (of the Eastern Empire) then", "title": "Battle of Adrianople" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "class field. The narrow Hilbert class field is the ray class field corresponding to the unit ideal and the set of all real places, so it is the smallest narrow ray class field. Ray class field In mathematics, a ray class field is an abelian extension of a global field associated with a ray class group of ideal classes or idele classes. Every finite abelian extension of a number field is contained in one of its ray class fields. The term \"ray class group\" is a translation of the German term \"Strahlklassengruppe\". Here \"Strahl\" is the German for a ray,", "title": "Ray class field" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "This came two weeks after the election of a first majority in either house in the Parliament of Australia at the 1910 federal election, also for Labor. Though a South Australian majority was won, the ULP did not take office until after the new lower house first met. Following the election, the LDU merged with the two independent conservative parties – the Australasian National League (ANL, formerly National Defence League (NDL)) and the Farmers and Producers Political Union (FPPU) – to become the Liberal Union (LU). The parties readily approved the merger, however, the LDU which salvaged the fewest of", "title": "1910 South Australian state election" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Spitfire Mark VA fighters to Dayton for testing. The variant used a pressurized cockpit for high-altitude pilot comfort—the pilot would not have to wear an oxygen mask. Kelsey ferried one of the aircraft to and from Los Angeles so that it could be examined further at a California facility. Because of the Spitfire's inherent range limitations, Kelsey was forced to make a number of refueling stops at little-used air fields. Kelsey noted engine overheating during taxiing and brake fade on long desert runways in the presence of significant crosswind. He found long cross-country flight very tiring due to the Spitfire's", "title": "Benjamin S. Kelsey" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "is the Creator of the world, but it is also considered a trickster god. For instance, in Tlingit culture, there are two different raven characters which can be identified, although they are not always clearly differentiated. One is the creator raven, responsible for bringing the world into being and who is sometimes considered to be the individual who brought light to the darkness. The other is the childish raven, always selfish, sly, conniving, and hungry. When the Great Spirit created all things he kept them separate and stored in cedar boxes. The Great Spirit gifted these boxes to the animals", "title": "Cultural depictions of ravens" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "which makes specialty care more accessible to rural Iowans and simplifies provider education by allowing rural health practitioners to “attend” educational programs without leaving their communities. As well, the Iowa Communications Network has been integrated into a Telejustice system, a way of using two-way interactive video to reduce the expense of expert witnesses and allows crime victims to testify at parole hearings without the inconvenience and tension associated with traveling to a meeting where an inmate was present. After September 2001, the ICN became an important device for the security of the state of Iowa and its inhabitants. The ICN", "title": "Iowa Communications Network" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first Germanic people to settle in this region were the Ostrogoths, who came to Pannonia in AD 380. The Ostrogoths became allies of Rome and were allowed to settle in Pannonia, being tasked to defend the Roman borders. In the 5th century, the area was conquered by the Huns, but after their defeat, an independent Kingdom of the Ostrogoths in Pannonia was formed. The territory of present-day Burgenland became part of the Italian Kingdom of Odoacer, but at the end of the 5th century the Ostrogothic king Theodoric conquered this kingdom and restored Ostrogothic administration in western Pannonia. In", "title": "Burgenland" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "the Franks, Visigoths, Ostrogoths and later of the Lombards out of the rubble of the Western Roman Empire meant that in time they would seek to challenge the authority of the Eastern Roman Empire. General Flavius Belisarius under Justinian I in the early 6th century made a serious attempt to recover the western half; however his gains were short-lived and poorly planned out – resources and troops that could have been used to defeat the Persians were diverted forcing the Byzantines into tribute and diplomacy to deal with this Eastern threat. The loss of the western territories led to the", "title": "Decline of the Byzantine Empire" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "dominant among some peoples—for example, the Lombards, Ostrogoths, Visigoths and Vandals—for hundreds of years, the Trinity doctrine eventually gained prominence in the Roman Empire. Nontrinitarians typically argue that early nontrinitarian beliefs, such as Arianism, were systematically suppressed (often to the point of death). After the First Council of Nicaea, Roman Emperor Constantine I issued an edict against Arius' writings, which included systematic book burning. In spite of the decree, Constantine ordered the readmission of Arius to the church, removed the bishops (including Athanasius) who upheld the teaching of Nicaea, allowed Arianism to grow within the Empire and to spread to", "title": "Nontrinitarianism" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Christianisation of Anglo-Saxon England). The remaining tribes – the Vandals and the Ostrogoths – did not convert as a people nor did they maintain territorial cohesion. Having been militarily defeated by the armies of Emperor Justinian I, the remnants were dispersed to the fringes of the empire and became lost to history. The Vandalic War of 533–534 dispersed the defeated Vandals. Following their final defeat at the Battle of Mons Lactarius in 553, the Ostrogoths went back north and (re)settled in south Austria. Much of south-eastern Europe and central Europe, including many of the Goths and Vandals respectively, had embraced", "title": "Arianism" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "and after the death of Attila it successively passed (entirely or partially) into the hands of the Ostrogoths, Lombards and Gepids. A contract from 510 assigned most of the territory of former Roman Pannonia (including Sirmium) to the Ostrogoths, while the eastern part of present-day Syrmia (which included the city of Bassianae) was assigned to the Byzantine Empire. In 536, Sirmium was placed under the control of the Gepids. The Lombard–Gepid War (567) ended with a Lombard-Avar victory and annihilation of Gepids, while Sirmium was retaken by the Byzantine Empire. From 567 to 573, Byzantine Empire was in a war", "title": "Pannonia (Byzantine province)" } ]

[ "376" ]

[ "In 376, the Ostrogoths, fleeing from the Huns, received permission from Emperor Valens (r. 364–378) to settle in the Roman province of Thracia in the Balkans. The settlement did not go smoothly, and when Roman officials mishandled the situation, the Ostrogoths began to raid and plunder.[D] Valens, attempting to put down the disorder, was killed fighting the Ostrogoths at the Battle of Adrianople on 9 August 378. As well as the threat from such tribal confederacies from the north, internal divisions within the empire, especially within the Christian Church, caused problems. In 400, the Visigoths invaded the Western Roman Empire and, although briefly forced back from Italy, in 410 sacked the city of Rome. In 406 the Alans, Vandals, and Suevi crossed into Gaul; over the next three years they spread across Gaul and in 409 crossed the Pyrenees Mountains into modern-day Spain. The Migration Period began, where various people, initially largely Germanic peoples, moved across Europe. The Franks, Alemanni, and the Burgundians all ended up in northern Gaul while the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes settled in Britain. In the 430s the Huns began invading the empire; their king Attila (r. 434–453) led invasions into the Balkans in 442 and 447, Gaul in 451, and Italy in 452. The Hunnic threat remained until Attila's death in 453, when the Hunnic confederation he led fell apart. These invasions by the tribes completely changed the political and demographic nature of what had been the Western Roman Empire." ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "millions of youth who had migrated to the cities" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "unemployment, especially among millions of youth who had migrated to the cities of Iran looking for construction jobs during the boom years of the early 1970s. By the late 1970s, many of these people opposed the Shah's regime and began to organize and join the protests against it. The 1979 Revolution, later known as the \"Islamic Revolution\", began in January 1978 with the first major demonstrations against the Shah. After a year of strikes and demonstrations paralyzing the country and its economy, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi fled the country and Ruhollah Khomeini returned from exile to Tehran in February 1979, forming", "title": "Iran" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "unemployment, especially among millions of youth who had migrated to the cities of Iran looking for construction jobs during the boom years of the early 1970s. By the late 1970s, many of these people opposed the Shah's regime and began to organize and join the protests against it. The 1979 Revolution, later known as the \"Islamic Revolution\", began in January 1978 with the first major demonstrations against the Shah. After a year of strikes and demonstrations paralyzing the country and its economy, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi fled the country and Ruhollah Khomeini returned from exile to Tehran in February 1979, forming", "title": "Iran" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In modern times, the Tanka claim to be ordinary Chinese who happen to fish for a living, and the local dialect is used as their language. Some southern Chinese historic views of the Tanka were that they were a separate aboriginal ethnic group, \"not Han Chinese at all\". Chinese Imperial records also claim that the Tanka were descendants of aboriginals. Tanka were also accused of being \"sea gypsies\". The Tanka were regarded as Yueh and not Chinese, they were divided into three classifications, \"the fish-Tan, the oyster-Tan, and the wood-Tan\" in the 12th century, based on what they did for", "title": "Tanka people" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "variety of demographics, including more affluent shoppers. As part of the initiative, the company launched a new store in Plano, Texas that included high-end electronics, jewelry, expensive wines and a sushi bar. On September 12, 2007, Walmart introduced new advertising with the slogan, \"\"Save money. Live better.\"\", replacing \"\"Always Low Prices, Always\"\", which it had used for the previous 19 years. Global Insight, which conducted the research that supported the ads, found that Walmart's price level reduction resulted in savings for consumers of $287 billion in 2006, which equated to $957 per person or $2,500 per household (up 7.3 percent", "title": "Walmart" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "the command of Prabowo Subianto. Once out of the Unitary Republic of Indonesia over East Timor, the Battalion and its achievements recorded in operation to the Security Pengacau Movement (GPK) East Timor, its existence is maintained by the Regional Commander of Udayana (then) Maj. Gen. Kiki Syahnarki. Among its past commanders was a future President of Indonesia, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, who served as commanding officer from 1986 to 1988. Although the 164th Military Area/Wiradharma in East Timor was liquidated along with the loss of East Timor from the Republic of Indonesia, the Battalion was maintained and eventually became part of", "title": "744th Infantry Battalion (Indonesia)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "producing coins (one, five, ten, twenty and fifty centavo denominations). This branch was in production from 1920 to 1922, and then again from 1925 through 1941. Coins struck by this mint bear either the M mintmark (for Manila) or none at all, similar to the Philadelphia mint at the time. A branch mint in The Dalles, Oregon, was commissioned in 1864. Construction was halted in 1870, and the facility never produced any coins, although the building still stands. There are four active coin-producing mints: Philadelphia, Denver, San Francisco, and West Point. The Mint's largest facility is the Philadelphia Mint. The", "title": "United States Mint" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "soon as the legislative timetable allowed. Opinions on the proposals were sharply divided in the consultation, with 61 percent (241 out of 397) of responses rejecting the need for stronger laws in this area and 36 percent in favour (3 percent gave no opinion). The proposed maximum penalty for possession of these images was three years' imprisonment. On 26 June 2007, the government published the plans as part of the Criminal Justice and Immigration Bill. The bill extended the scope of the proposals from \"serious, disabling injury\" to \"serious injury\". The law came into force on 26 January 2009. In", "title": "Section 63 of the Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "gains have been quite subdued in most industries and parts of the country.\" The Congressional Research Service summarized a variety of studies that indicated changes in unemployment between 2007 and 2010 were 65–80% cyclical, thus mainly due to reduced aggregate demand for goods and services. Labor mobility was not a key issue due to the widespread nature of job losses across geographies and industries. Cyclically sensitive industries such as manufacturing and construction had the most significant job losses. One study referenced in the CRS research indicated that long-term unemployment can convert cyclical to structural unemployment through loss of skills. Mohamed", "title": "Causes of unemployment in the United States" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "regimes. A large community of Sephardic Jews was present in the region of Thessaloniki which was annexed by Greece in 1913, and Jews were largely in opposition to Venizelism. Metaxas was firmly opposed to the irredentist factions of the Slavophones of northern Greece (consisting of Macedonians and Bulgarians mainly in Aegean Macedonia and Thrace), some of whom underwent political persecution due to advocacy of irredentism with regard to neighbouring countries. Metaxas' regime continued repression of the use of Slavic languages both in public and in private and of expressions of Slavic cultural distinctiveness. Despite their supposed disloyalty, however, Slavophone Greeks", "title": "4th of August Regime" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "voters after the election results shows their candidate(s) losing by an improbably large margin; and the often brutal crackdown of the regime against the protesters and sometimes innocent bystanders. Bahari is anxious to get back to London to be with his pregnant fiancée, Paola (who tells him \"Come home, Mazi. We need you\"), but not worried about running afoul of the Islamic regime as (he thinks) he has all the necessary accreditations and has taken all the recommended precautions to avoid trouble. From his father he has heard harrowing tales of prison torture and misery under the Shah, and he", "title": "Then They Came for Me" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "due to the dramatically increased rates of youth unemployment. In Europe, youth unemployment levels were very high (56% in Spain, 44% in Italy, 35% in the Baltic states, 19% in Britain and more than 20% in many more countries). In 2009, leading commentators began to worry about the long-term social and economic effects of the unemployment. Unemployment levels in other areas of the world were also high, with the youth unemployment rate in the U.S. reaching a record 19% in July 2010 since the statistic started being gathered in 1948. In Canada, unemployment among youths in July 2009 was 16%,", "title": "Millennials" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "the bubble economy burst in 1990, causing the instability of the whole society. Furthermore, the implementation of public policies including employment policies, tax policies, and social security policies also contributed to a relatively equal class structure in Japanese society. First, in the 1960s, Japan's total unemployment rate remained at around 1% and raised to 1.3% after 1973. During this period, due to the drastic changes in the industrial structure, industries and enterprises kept upgrading and the unemployment during this period mainly consisted of structural unemployment. The employment measures were mainly aimed at consolidating the life-time employment system, protecting the disadvantaged", "title": "Social mobility in Japan" } ]

[ "millions of youth who had migrated to the cities" ]

[ "Due to the 1973 spike in oil prices, the economy of Iran was flooded with foreign currency, which caused inflation. By 1974, the economy of Iran was experiencing double digit inflation, and despite many large projects to modernize the country, corruption was rampant and caused large amounts of waste. By 1975 and 1976, an economic recession led to increased unemployment, especially among millions of youth who had migrated to the cities of Iran looking for construction jobs during the boom years of the early 1970s. By the late 1970s, many of these people opposed the Shah's regime and began to organize and join the protests against it." ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "500" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Base, Greenland to the northernmost weather outposts at Nord, Greenland and Alert, Alaska. Both stations are within 500 miles of the North Pole. In November 1964, the Secretary of Defense announced that eighty Department of Defense activities within the United States would be reduced or discontinued and that a troop carrier squadron would be transferred to Dover. Thus, the 15th Air Transport Squadron inactivated and many of its personnel were transferred to the activating 9th Troop Carrier Squadron. Some of its personnel were transferred to McChord Air Force Base, Washington and others to Southeast Asia. 15th Air Transport Squadron The", "title": "15th Air Transport Squadron" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "completely understood\" \". Sea spray droplets alter the air-sea momentum fluxes by being accelerated and decelerated by the winds\" \". In hurricane-force winds, it is observed that there is some reduction in the air/sea momentum flux\" \". This reduction in momentum flux manifests as saturation of air/sea drag coefficient. Some studies have identified spray effects as one of the potential reasons for the air/sea drag coefficient saturation. It has been shown through several numerical and theoretical studies that sea spray, if present in significant amounts in the atmospheric boundary layer, leads to saturation of air-sea drag coefficients. Salt deposition from", "title": "Sea spray" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "open society, and an explosion of print was the result. In England, the emergence of publications like the \"Tatler\" and the \"Spectator\" are given credit for creating a 'bourgeois public sphere' that allowed for a free exchange of ideas and information. In America, the end of the Licensing Act also sparked the creation of new publications and set the stage for the battle of words that would lead to the American Revolution in the second half of the eighteenth century. Licensing Order of 1643 The \"Ordinance for the Regulating of Printing\" also known as the Licensing Order of 1643 instituted", "title": "Licensing Order of 1643" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "at the machines were Tasmanian residents. In 1979, Federal Group secured a second casino licence in Northern Tasmania. The Country Club Casino and Resort was opened in 1982 and the adjacent Country Club villas were acquired by the company some years later. Architects modelled the style and interior design of Country Club on the stately homes of America’s south. Former Chairman Greg Farrell senior had always admired the simple lines of the US Embassy building in Canberra and believed that the Georgian style would work well in the rural landscape of Launceston. The casino is now surrounded by suburbs and", "title": "Federal Group" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "DOWNSIDE operation. While the beaches were covered in smoke from the early bombardment, confusion caused three infantry landing crafts (LCIs) to be fired on by the naval Task Force. The Marines hit the beaches at 0908 with two battalion landing teams, the 1st (1/22) and 2nd Battalions (2/22) of the Regimental Combat Team, and the 22nd Marines, or RCT-22. The 3rd Battalion, 22nd Marines (3/22) landed for a follow-in trace and were immediately engaged by the Japanese with small-arms fire and mortars. Jones was pre-briefed of a recon mission of Parry Island, or HEARTSTRINGS at 1230, D+4. His orders were", "title": "United States Marine Corps Amphibious Reconnaissance Battalion" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "the hands of an end user). Patentees can avoid the exhaustion doctrine by imposing the former, but it is questionable that patentees can do so through the latter. Limitations on sale must very explicitly bind the licensee or seller. For example, in \"Quanta\", LGE licensed Intel to make products using LGE's patents. The license expressly stated that LGE was not licensing third parties to combine licensed products with any non-Intel products (i.e., microprocessors and chipsets purchased from a third party), and LGE required Intel to notify customers of that. Intel sold products to Quanta, who combined the Intel products with", "title": "Exhaustion doctrine under U.S. law" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "ROV and effect repairs. Alaska United Alaska United Fiber Optic Cable System (abbreviated AUFS or AU) is a submarine fiber optic cable owned by GCI that links Anchorage, several places in Southeast Alaska including Juneau, to Oregon and Washington State. Alaska United East (AU-East) is 3,751 kilometers long with landing points at Anchorage and Lena Point in Juneau, and at the shore of Puget Sound at Norma Beach near Picnic Point in Lynnwood, Washington; AU-West has landings at Seward and on the Pacific coast at Warrenton, Oregon. Both are OC-192 rated (10 G bit/s) as of 2018. Additional overland segements", "title": "Alaska United" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "rivers of the area and often smoked or grilled on cedar planks. In Alaska, wild game like ptarmigan and moose meat feature extensively since much of the state is wilderness. Fresh fish like steelhead trout, Pacific cod, Pacific halibut, and pollock are fished for extensively and feature on the menu of many restaurants, as do a plethora of fresh berries and vegetables, like Cameo apples from Washington state, the headquarters of the U.S. apple industry, cherries from Oregon, blackberries, and marionberries, a feature of many pies. Hazelnuts are grown extensively in this region and are a feature of baking, such", "title": "American cuisine" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mount Cook (Saint Elias Mountains) Mount Cook (or Boundary Peak 182) is a high peak on the Yukon Territory-Alaska border, in the Saint Elias Mountains of North America. It is approximately 15 miles southwest of Mount Vancouver and 35 miles east-southeast of Mount Saint Elias. It forms one of the corners of the jagged border, which is defined to run in straight lines between the major peaks. The same border also separates Kluane National Park in the Yukon Territory from Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve in Alaska. Like many peaks of the Saint Elias Mountains, Mount Cook is a", "title": "Mount Cook (Saint Elias Mountains)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "to an oil boom. In 1989, the \"Exxon Valdez\" hit a reef in Prince William Sound, spilling between 11 and 34 million U.S. gallons (42,000 and 130,000 m) of crude oil over 1,100 miles (1,600 km) of coastline. Today, the battle between philosophies of development and conservation is seen in the contentious debate over oil drilling in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. Paleolithic families moved into northwestern North America sometime between 16,000 and 10,000 BC across the Bering land bridge in Alaska. Alaska became populated by the Inuit and a variety of Native American groups. Today, early Alaskans are divided", "title": "History of Alaska" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "park in the area. Denali State Park is in the southern portion of Alaska. Denali State Park is situated between Fairbanks and Anchorage Alaska. Alaska’s Highway 3, George Parks Highway, connects Fairbanks and Anchorage and runs directly through Denali State Park. This highway provides access to many different hiking routes and look out points which allow visitors to see Denali and many different parts of the natural environment only found in Alaska. One of these points include Kesugi Ridge in the Peters Hills area. A very popular trail which is known for its incredible views of the Alaska Range and", "title": "Denali State Park" } ]

[ "500" ]

[ "Alaska is the northernmost and westernmost state in the United States and has the most easterly longitude in the United States because the Aleutian Islands extend into the eastern hemisphere. Alaska is the only non-contiguous U.S. state on continental North America; about 500 miles (800 km) of British Columbia (Canada) separates Alaska from Washington. It is technically part of the continental U.S., but is sometimes not included in colloquial use; Alaska is not part of the contiguous U.S., often called \"the Lower 48\". The capital city, Juneau, is situated on the mainland of the North American continent but is not connected by road to the rest of the North American highway system." ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "Geoff Travis" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "founding independent record labels, including Rough Trade (founded by record shop owner Geoff Travis), Factory (founded by Manchester-based television personality Tony Wilson), and Fast Product (co-founded by Bob Last and Hilary Morrison). By 1977, groups began pointedly pursuing methods of releasing music independently, an idea disseminated in particular by Buzzcocks' release of their \"Spiral Scratch\" EP on their own label as well as the self-released 1977 singles of Desperate Bicycles. These DIY imperatives would help form the production and distribution infrastructure of post-punk and the indie music scene that later blossomed in the mid-1980s. As the initial punk movement dwindled,", "title": "Post-punk" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Geoff Travis Geoff Travis (born 2 February 1952) is the founder of both Rough Trade Records and the Rough Trade chain of record shops. A former drama teacher and owner of a punk record shop, Travis founded the Rough Trade label in 1978. Travis was born on 2 February 1952 in Stoke Newington, London, and was raised in Finchley. He is Jewish, his ancestors emigrated from Romania and Ukraine. Travis studied English at Churchill College, Cambridge. He worked as a drama teacher before opening the original Rough Trade record shop in Kensington Park Road, Notting Hill, London on 23 February", "title": "Geoff Travis" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "with the Beggars Group, Rough Trade has re-confirmed their place in the marketplace with recording acts such as Warpaint, Howler, Pantha Du Prince, Emiliana Torrini, Dean Blunt and more. Rough Trade Records Rough Trade Records is an independent record label based in London, England. It was formed in 1978 by Geoff Travis who had opened a record store off Ladbroke Grove. Having successfully promoted and sold records by punk rock and early post-punk and indie pop bands such as The Smiths and Desperate Bicycles, Travis began to manage acts and distribute bands such as Scritti Politti and began the label,", "title": "Rough Trade Records" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Rough Trade Records Rough Trade Records is an independent record label based in London, England. It was formed in 1978 by Geoff Travis who had opened a record store off Ladbroke Grove. Having successfully promoted and sold records by punk rock and early post-punk and indie pop bands such as The Smiths and Desperate Bicycles, Travis began to manage acts and distribute bands such as Scritti Politti and began the label, which was informed by left-wing politics and structured as a co-operative. Soon after, Rough Trade also set up a distribution arm that serviced independent retail outlets across Britain, a", "title": "Rough Trade Records" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Rough Trade (shops) Rough Trade is a group of independent record shops in the UK and the US with headquarters in London, UK. The first Rough Trade shop was opened in 1976 by Geoff Travis in the Ladbroke Grove district of west London. In 1978, the shop spawned Rough Trade Records, which became the label of bands from The Smiths to The Libertines. In 1982, the two separated and the shop remains an independent entity from the label, although links between the two are strong. At the same time, the shop moved from its original location on Kensington Park Road", "title": "Rough Trade (shops)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "album by American band Alabama Shakes. Geoff Travis, founder of Rough Trade, the label that distributed \"Boys & Girls\", stated that he was \"very proud\" that his label had achieved this feat. The first Official Record Store Chart was announced on Friday 20 April 2012, five days later than normal, to coincide with the eve of the UK's fourth annual Record Store Day, an international initiative founded to encourage purchases at record shops. Talbot explained that the purpose of the chart was to \"help spread the Record Store Day word throughout the year\". Official Record Store Chart The Official Record", "title": "Official Record Store Chart" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Operation Twilight Operation Twilight was a British record label, the UK branch of Belgian label Les Disques du Crépuscule. It was run by Patrick Moore, who now writes as Philip Hoare. Moore was working for Rough Trade Records at the time, and described the genesis of Operation Twilight thus: \"Geoff Travis [\"Rough Trade\"] and Michel Duval [\"Crépuscule\"] cooked up a plan in January 1982 where I would start up the UK equivalent of Les Disques du Crépuscule. Michel had a sort of James Bond idea about it — it would be the James Bond version of Crépuscule — Operation Twilight.\"", "title": "Operation Twilight" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "founding independent record labels, including Rough Trade (founded by record shop owner Geoff Travis), Factory (founded by Manchester-based television personality Tony Wilson), and Fast Product (co-founded by Bob Last and Hilary Morrison). By 1977, groups began pointedly pursuing methods of releasing music independently, an idea disseminated in particular by Buzzcocks' release of their \"Spiral Scratch\" EP on their own label as well as the self-released 1977 singles of Desperate Bicycles. These DIY imperatives would help form the production and distribution infrastructure of post-punk and the indie music scene that later blossomed in the mid-1980s. As the initial punk movement dwindled,", "title": "Post-punk" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "in the 1980s music scene in the United Kingdom. After signing with independent record label Rough Trade, the Smiths began preparations to record their first album in mid 1983. Due to the suggestion of Rough Trade head Geoff Travis, the band selected Troy Tate (former guitarist of The Teardrop Explodes) as producer for sessions at Elephant studios in Wapping. During the following month the group recorded fourteen songs. Guitarist Johnny Marr would later write in his autobiography that he \"liked Troy...Troy's vision was to capture the way the band sounded live. He thought it was important that the record represented", "title": "The Smiths (album)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "knowing anything about retail or distribution he approached Rough Trade Records in Portobello Road, London. Originally a record outlet, Rough Trade had expanded into a label and distribution network. Miller took a test pressing into the shop to see if they would be interested in buying a box of them. Rough Trade Records boss Geoff Travis went to the back of the shop with Miller and played \"Warm Leatherette\". They loved the recording and helped him press 2000 copies of the single. \"Warm Leatherette\" was released in May 1978 and sold out very quickly. After receiving critical acclaim for the", "title": "Daniel Miller (music producer)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "\"Frankly Mr Shankly\" from \"The Queen is Dead\" was reportedly a jibe at Travis. The label was wound up in 1994 after briefly being revived in partnership with One Little Indian, but revived by Travis in 2001 with breakthrough acts The Strokes and The Libertines. Writer Douglas Wolk credited Travis as virtually defining \"the British post-punk sound\", and XFM viewed his impact on independent music as greater than anyone else's in the country. Geoff Travis Geoff Travis (born 2 February 1952) is the founder of both Rough Trade Records and the Rough Trade chain of record shops. A former drama", "title": "Geoff Travis" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "home\") is quoted in the song. According to Goddard, an earlier version lacked some of the finished version's ambiguity, culminating in the line \"There is a light \"in your eyes\" and it never goes out\". Due to a dispute between the Smiths and its record label Rough Trade Records after the group completed \"The Queen Is Dead\", nine months passed after the release of \"The Boy with the Thorn in His Side\" before the group issued another single. Once the matter was resolved, Rough Trade owner Geoff Travis felt that \"There Is a Light That Never Goes Out\" should be", "title": "There Is a Light That Never Goes Out" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "this exposure, Tracey was contacted by a number of independent record labels offering to press and distribute the track. During this period he and Ball formed the Whaam! label, and released a number of further self-financed singles. This project was however renamed \"Dreamworld\", after a cease and desist letter from legal representatives of George Michael, who paid an undisclosed sum to get the duo to choose a title unsimilar to Wham!. Treacy eventually signed with Geoff Travis' Rough Trade Records, who released the single in 1980. It became instantly popular, with the first 14,000 copies selling in 6 months, and", "title": "Part Time Punks" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "singles through Any Other City. In December 2014 Girl Band signed to Rough Trade Records. The deal with Rough Trade came about when the founder of the label, Geoff Travis saw the band perform live numerous times, which eventually lead to the label getting in touch with the band. The label wanted to \"facilitate what [the band where] doing [at the time] on a bigger scale\". Girl Band felt really comfortable with the offer and the way it was set out and accepted. Girl Band got full creative control and produced their own records. In February, 2015 Girl Band announced", "title": "Girl Band (Irish band)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "the record label shelved it. It was not released in 1996, but in 2003 it saw a release under Rough Trade after Geoff Travis (the band's former manager) bought its rights. Dillon left Equation with original band member Sam Lakeman because of musical differences and together they immediately signed a separate deal with the same label. The duo was known as \"Polar Star\". During this time Dillon formed a strong musical partnership with Lakeman. They recorded several albums with top songwriters and producers in the UK and San Francisco, but none of their work was released. Dillon provided the vocals", "title": "Cara Dillon" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "in deer, deciduous teeth (baby teeth) in some mammals (including humans); or decidua, the uterine lining that sheds off after birth. Wood from deciduous trees is used in a variety of ways in several industries including lumber for furniture, construction and flooring (oak), ornamental, bowling pins and baseball bats (maple) and furniture, cabinets, plywood and paneling (birch). In botany and horticulture, deciduous plants, including trees, shrubs and herbaceous perennials, are those that lose all of their leaves for part of the year. This process is called abscission. In some cases leaf loss coincides with winter—namely in temperate or polar climates.", "title": "Deciduous" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "the death of the Ilkhan Abu Said in 1335, it may have been unable to send out fresh bishops to Central Asia, and without leaders of their own, the absorption of these communities by Islam was inevitable. It is possible that several East Syriac dioceses in Iraq were destroyed during the savage campaigns of Timur in western Asia between 1380 and 1405. The West Syriac centre of Tagrit in the irhan district was sacked by Timur, ending its importance as the residence of the local Syriac Orthodox primates, titled as maphrians, and the neighbouring East Syriac communities in Beth Garmaï", "title": "Dioceses of the Church of the East, 1318–1552" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Monaco since its creation in the 1920s. Rainier III Nautical Stadium The Rainier III Nautical Stadium is a municipal sports complex on the Route de la Piscine in the La Condamine district of Monaco, in Port Hercules. Built in 1972, the stadium consists of a heated saltwater Olympic-size swimming pool, with 1, 3, 5, and 10m diving platforms, and a 45m slide. The pool is converted into a 1,000m ice rink from December to March. The pool gives its name to the \"Swimming Pool chicane\" (or \"Piscine\") at the annual Monaco Grand Prix. The construction of the Nautical Stadium necessitated", "title": "Rainier III Nautical Stadium" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "short stories from him and three other authors, including Gertrude Friedberg. His short stories in the book received a favourable review in The New York Times, where he was described as an \"impressive young writer\". His first book, \"The Butterfly\", is a fictionalized memoir of his brief affair with a young Yoko Ono, published before Ono became famous. His short stories, \"Gringos and other stories\", appeared in 1967. A revised and expanded version appeared in 1991. He began to write directly about his life as a gay man in the volumes \"A Day and a Night at the Baths\" (1979)", "title": "Michael Rumaker" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Engineering from the University of Alabama in 1975. Upon graduating from the University of Alabama, Stimpson began a 37-year career with Gulf Lumber Company, his father's company, and its successor, Scotch & Gulf Lumber. He was Chief Financial Officer prior to leaving the company to run for office in 2012. Stimpson developed the concept of \"One Mobile\" on the campaign trail and has carried it into office. A non-profit organization \"OneMobile.org\" was created in April 2014. The concept of \"One Mobile\" is that everyone wants a seat at the table, everyone wants to have a voice, so that as you", "title": "Sandy Stimpson" }, { "idx": 20, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "with fellow members of the Television Personalities, releasing three singles between 1979 and 1980. Ball and Treacy ('Slaughter' Joe Foster left the band prior to the recording of any material under the Television Personalities name) released \"And Don't the Kids Just Love It\" (1980) for Rough Trade Records. Following a brief parting with Rough Trade, they launched their own label Whaam! Records with \"Mummy Your Not Watching Me\" (1981), \"They Could Have Been Bigger Than the Beatles\" (1982) and \"And Don't the Kids Just Love It\". The Whaam! record label was later renamed Dreamworld, following a legal dispute with George", "title": "Ed Ball (musician)" }, { "idx": 21, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "collection assembled of post-punk music.\" Another favorable review of the album was written by Robert Christgau, who gave it an A and called it \"superb\". Mark Richardson of \"Pitchfork\" later described the album as a key example of \"label comps actually [becoming] classics in their own right:\" \"I've never heard \"Wanna Buy a Bridge?\", but the fact that I've heard of it, 23 years after its release, speaks to its classic status.\" Wanna Buy a Bridge? Wanna Buy a Bridge? is a 1980 compilation album released by Rough Trade Records, a British record label, in the United States. The album", "title": "Wanna Buy a Bridge?" }, { "idx": 22, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "billed as CNR Entertainment, with the emphasis on local product, kids material, comedy and TV series. It has resurrected the Arcade compilation label and distributes several smaller labels. Until the end of 2012 it holds the distribution and marketing rights for Roadrunner acts such as Lenny Kravitz, Young the Giant, and Nickelback. In August 2011, CNR announced a joint venture with the Dutch branch of Rough Trade to oversee the distribution of their material. The joint venture was launched as Tone Entertainment. CNR Music CNR is a Dutch audio and video label. It was founded in 1937 as CNR Records", "title": "CNR Music" }, { "idx": 23, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "direction Cherry Jam hosted underground club nights, art exhibitions, the inaugural events for the long-running spoken word night \"Book Slam\" and The Libertines' official debut show. At Neighbourhood, Watt brought in artists such as Groove Armada and many international DJs to perform at his own in-house club nights. Watt also hosted the 25th Anniversary of the Rough Trade Records music label and the inaugural \"House Music Awards\" ceremony. In April 2003, Watt launched his own independent deep house and techno record label Buzzin' Fly Records (named after the Tim Buckley song). The label proceeded to foster the careers of young", "title": "Ben Watt" }, { "idx": 24, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tutl TUTL Records is a record label of the Faroe Islands that was founded in 1977 by Kristian Blak. The label is credited with giving many Faroese musicians their first break and \"has played a major role in giving musicians a chance to record and publish.\" \"Tutl\" is Faroese for \"whisper, susurration\"; overseas, it is probably the best-known representative and distributor of Faroese music. For instance, all entries of Faroese artists in the \"World Music\" guide (published by The Rough Guide) are released by \"the main Faroese record company, Tutl.\" Faroese musicians such as Teitur Lassen, Eivør Pálsdóttir, Høgni Lisberg,", "title": "Tutl" } ]

[ "Geoff Travis" ]

[ "During the initial punk era, a variety of entrepreneurs interested in local punk-influenced music scenes began founding independent record labels, including Rough Trade (founded by record shop owner Geoff Travis) and Factory (founded by Manchester-based television personality Tony Wilson). By 1977, groups began pointedly pursuing methods of releasing music independently , an idea disseminated in particular by the Buzzcocks' release of their Spiral Scratch EP on their own label as well as the self-released 1977 singles of Desperate Bicycles. These DIY imperatives would help form the production and distribution infrastructure of post-punk and the indie music scene that later blossomed in the mid-1980s." ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "alloys" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "gold is an alloy of gold with other elements. Similarly, the silver used in jewelry and the aluminium used as a structural building material are also alloys. The term \"alloy\" is sometimes used in everyday speech as a synonym for a particular alloy. For example, automobile wheels made of an aluminium alloy are commonly referred to as simply \"alloy wheels\", although in point of fact steels and most other metals in practical use are also alloys. Steel is such a common alloy that many items made from it, like wheels, barrels, or girders, are simply referred to by the name", "title": "Alloy" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "to produce the combination of low carbon and high chromium found in most modern stainless steels, and the high-chromium alloys they could produce were too brittle to be practical. It was not until 1912 that the industrialisation of stainless steel alloys occurred in England, Germany, and the United States. By 1900 three metals with atomic numbers less than lead (#82), the heaviest stable metal, remained to be discovered: elements 71, 72, 75. Von Welsbach, in 1906, proved that the old ytterbium also contained a new element (#71), which he named \"cassiopeium\". Urbain proved this simultaneously, but his samples were very", "title": "Metal" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "known as an intermetallic compound). Most pure metals are either too soft, brittle or chemically reactive for practical use. Combining different ratios of metals as alloys modifies the properties of pure metals to produce desirable characteristics. The aim of making alloys is generally to make them less brittle, harder, resistant to corrosion, or have a more desirable color and luster. Of all the metallic alloys in use today, the alloys of iron (steel, stainless steel, cast iron, tool steel, alloy steel) make up the largest proportion both by quantity and commercial value. Iron alloyed with various proportions of carbon gives", "title": "Metal" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "gold is an alloy of gold with other elements. Similarly, the silver used in jewelry and the aluminium used as a structural building material are also alloys. The term \"alloy\" is sometimes used in everyday speech as a synonym for a particular alloy. For example, automobile wheels made of an aluminium alloy are commonly referred to as simply \"alloy wheels\", although in point of fact steels and most other metals in practical use are also alloys. Steel is such a common alloy that many items made from it, like wheels, barrels, or girders, are simply referred to by the name", "title": "Alloy" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "90 kg. Because of the volatility and extreme toxicity of its oxide, osmium is rarely used in its pure state, but is instead often alloyed with other metals for high-wear applications. Osmium alloys such as osmiridium are very hard and, along with other platinum-group metals, are used in the tips of fountain pens, instrument pivots, and electrical contacts, as they can resist wear from frequent operation. They were also used for the tips of phonograph styli during the late 78 rpm and early \"LP\" and \"45\" record era, circa 1945 to 1955. Osmium-alloy tips were significantly more durable than steel", "title": "Osmium" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "(at high temperatures only), and titanium, however these metals are still affected in high concentrations, hydrogen embrittlement of high-strength steel is of the most importance. Austempered iron is also susceptible, though austempered steel (and possibly other austempered metals) display increased resistance to hydrogen embrittlement. Steel with an ultimate tensile strength of less than 1000 MPa (~145,000 psi) or hardness of less than 23 HRC is not generally considered susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement. In tensile tests carried out on several structural metals under high-pressure molecular hydrogen environment, it has been shown that austenitic stainless steels, aluminium (including alloys), copper (including alloys,", "title": "Hydrogen embrittlement" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "overall cost of the material while preserving important properties. In other cases, the combination of metals imparts synergistic properties to the constituent metal elements such as corrosion resistance or mechanical strength. Examples of alloys are steel, solder, brass, pewter, duralumin, bronze and amalgams. The alloy constituents are usually measured by mass percentage for practical applications, and in atomic fraction for basic science studies. Alloys are usually classified as substitutional or interstitial alloys, depending on the atomic arrangement that forms the alloy. They can be further classified as homogeneous (consisting of a single phase), or heterogeneous (consisting of two or more", "title": "Alloy" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "stress. If the object is twisted through an angle q, then the shear strain is: Finally, the shear modulus MS of a material is defined as the ratio of shear stress to shear strain at any point in an object made of that material. The shear modulus is also known as the torsion modulus. Ductile materials, which includes structural steel and many alloys of other metals, are characterized by their ability to yield at normal temperatures. Low carbon steel generally exhibits a very linear stress–strain relationship up to a well defined yield point (\"Fig.2\"). The linear portion of the curve", "title": "Stress–strain curve" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "is improved with the addition of thorium. Tellurium is added to copper and steel alloys to improve their machinability; and to lead to make it harder and more acid-resistant. The biocidal effects of some heavy metals have been known since antiquity. Platinum, osmium, copper, ruthenium, and other heavy metals, including arsenic, are used in anti-cancer treatments, or have shown potential. Antimony (anti-protozoal), bismuth (anti-ulcer), gold (anti-arthritic), and iron (anti-malarial) are also important in medicine. Copper, zinc, silver, gold, or mercury are used in antiseptic formulations; small amounts of some heavy metals are used to control algal growth in, for example,", "title": "Heavy metals" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "extremely stable. For this reason, ceramics have been more successful in the long term than metals as interconnect materials. However, these ceramic interconnect materials are very expensive as compared to metals. Nickel- and steel-based alloys are becoming more promising as lower temperature (600–800 °C) SOFCs are developed. The material of choice for an interconnect in contact with Y8SZ is a metallic 95Cr-5Fe alloy. Ceramic-metal composites called 'cermet' are also under consideration, as they have demonstrated thermal stability at high temperatures and excellent electrical conductivity. Polarizations, or overpotentials, are losses in voltage due to imperfections in materials, microstructure, and design of", "title": "Solid oxide fuel cell" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "section categorises the elemental metals on the basis of their chemical properties into alkali and alkaline earth metals; transition and post-transition metals; and lanthanides and actinides. Other categories are possible, depending on the criteria for inclusion. For example, the ferromagnetic metals—those metals that are magnetic at room temperature—are iron, cobalt, and nickel. The term \"ferrous\" is derived from the Latin word meaning \"containing iron\". This can include pure iron, such as wrought iron, or an alloy such as steel. Ferrous metals are often magnetic, but not exclusively. Non-ferrous metals—alloys—lack appreciable amounts of iron. While nearly all metals are malleable or", "title": "Metal" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "USA, National Specialty Alloys, Pacific Metal, Reliance Metalcenter, Siskin Steel, Tube Service, Valex, and Yarde Metals. The company was founded in Los Angeles on February 3, 1939 by Thomas J. Neilan. Originally named Reliance Steel Products Company, the business made and sold steel reinforcing bars (rebar) for the construction industry. In 1944, the name was shortened to Reliance Steel Company. On September 14, 1994, the company became a public company via an initial public offering. Reliance Steel & Aluminum Co. Reliance Steel and Aluminum Co. (RSAC), headquartered in Los Angeles, California, is the largest metals service center operator in North", "title": "Reliance Steel & Aluminum Co." }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "are ferromagnetic metal alloys whose constituents are not themselves ferromagnetic, called Heusler alloys, named after Fritz Heusler. Conversely there are non-magnetic alloys, such as types of stainless steel, composed almost exclusively of ferromagnetic metals. Amorphous (non-crystalline) ferromagnetic metallic alloys can be made by very rapid quenching (cooling) of a liquid alloy. These have the advantage that their properties are nearly isotropic (not aligned along a crystal axis); this results in low coercivity, low hysteresis loss, high permeability, and high electrical resistivity. One such typical material is a transition metal-metalloid alloy, made from about 80% transition metal (usually Fe, Co, or", "title": "Ferromagnetism" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "to other refractory metals, where it adds ductility and tensile strength. Rhenium alloys are being used in electronic components, gyroscopes and nuclear reactors. Rhenium finds its most important use as a catalyst. It is used as a catalyst in reactions such as alkylation, dealkylation, hydrogenation and oxidation. However its rarity makes it the most expensive of the refractory metals. Refractory metals and alloys attract the attention of investigators because of their remarkable properties and promising practical usefulness. Physical properties of refractory metals, such as molybdenum, tantalum and tungsten, their strength, and high-temperature stability make them suitable material for hot metalworking", "title": "Refractory metals" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Ultrasonic testing Ultrasonic testing (UT) is a family of non-destructive testing techniques based on the propagation of ultrasonic waves in the object or material tested. In most common UT applications, very short ultrasonic pulse-waves with center frequencies ranging from 0.1-15 MHz, and occasionally up to 50 MHz, are transmitted into materials to detect internal flaws or to characterize materials. A common example is ultrasonic thickness measurement, which tests the thickness of the test object, for example, to monitor pipework corrosion. Ultrasonic testing is often performed on steel and other metals and alloys, though it can also be used on concrete,", "title": "Ultrasonic testing" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "gallium metal has a silvery color and its solid metal fractures conchoidally like glass. Gallium liquid expands by 3.10% when it solidifies; therefore, it should not be stored in glass or metal containers because the container may rupture when the gallium changes state. Gallium shares the higher-density liquid state with a short list of other materials that includes water, silicon, germanium, antimony, bismuth, and plutonium. Gallium attacks most other metals by diffusing into the metal lattice. For example, it diffuses into the grain boundaries of aluminium-zinc alloys and steel, making them very brittle. Gallium easily alloys with many metals, and", "title": "Gallium" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "air; larger flow rates are required. It is an inert gas, not reacting with the molten metals. Its thermal conductivity is high. It is not easy to ionize, requiring higher voltage to start the arc. Due to higher ionization potential it produces hotter arc at higher voltage, provides wide deep bead; this is an advantage for aluminium, magnesium, and copper alloys. Other gases are often added. Blends of helium with addition of 5–10% of argon and 2–5% of carbon dioxide (\"tri-mix\") can be used for welding of stainless steel. Used also for aluminium and other non-ferrous metals, especially for thicker", "title": "Shielding gas" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "castings. Common casting metals are aluminum, magnesium, and copper alloys. Other materials include tin, zinc, and lead alloys and iron and steel are also cast in graphite molds. Permanent molds, while lasting more than one casting still have a limited life before wearing out. The die casting process forces molten metal under high pressure into mold cavities (which are machined into dies). Most die castings are made from nonferrous metals, specifically zinc, copper, and aluminium-based alloys, but ferrous metal die castings are possible. The die casting method is especially suited for applications where many small to medium-sized parts are needed", "title": "Casting (metalworking)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "than iron, and was used for making cast-iron. However, these metals found little practical use until the introduction of crucible steel around 300 BC. These steels were of poor quality, and the introduction of pattern welding, around the 1st century AD, sought to balance the extreme properties of the alloys by laminating them, to create a tougher metal. Around 700 AD, the Japanese began folding bloomery-steel and cast-iron in alternating layers to increase the strength of their swords, using clay fluxes to remove slag and impurities. This method of Japanese swordsmithing produced one of the purest steel-alloys of the early", "title": "Alloy" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "manufacturing which include direct metal deposition, electron beam melting, fused filament fabrication, select laser sintering, and variations of each. A machinist is to metal as a woodcarver is to wood. The most common materials that machinists make parts from are steel, aluminium, brass, copper, and various alloys of these materials. Other less common materials such as vanadium, zinc, lead, or manganese are often used as alloying elements for the most common materials. Materials that machinists work with occasionally are plastics, rubber, glass, and wood products. Rarely, machinists also work with exotic and refractory metals. The term exotic metals is a", "title": "Machinist" }, { "idx": 20, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Bimetal Bimetal refers to an object that is composed of two separate metals joined together. Instead of being a mixture of two or more metals, like alloys, bimetallic objects consist of layers of different metals. Trimetal and tetrametal refer to objects composed of three and four separate metals respectively. A bimetal bar is usually made of brass and iron. Bimetallic strips and disks, which convert a temperature change into mechanical displacement, are the most recognized bimetallic objects due to their name. However, there are other common bimetallic objects. For example, tin cans consist of steel covered with tin. The tin", "title": "Bimetal" }, { "idx": 21, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "suggested that compounds of silicon, germanium, arsenic, and antimony with B metals, \"are probably best classed as alloys\". Among the lighter metalloids, alloys with transition metals are well-represented. Boron can form intermetallic compounds and alloys with such metals of the composition MB, if \"n\" > 2. Ferroboron (15% boron) is used to introduce boron into steel; nickel-boron alloys are ingredients in welding alloys and case hardening compositions for the engineering industry. Alloys of silicon with iron and with aluminium are widely used by the steel and automotive industries, respectively. Germanium forms many alloys, most importantly with the coinage metals. The", "title": "Metalloid" }, { "idx": 22, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "\"carbon steel\" (see ). All kinds of steel contain some amount of carbon, by definition, and all ferrous alloys contain some carbon. Some other common alloys that are based on iron and carbon include anthracite iron, cast iron, pig iron, and wrought iron. In more technical uses, there are also spiegeleisen, an alloy of iron, manganese, and carbon; and stellite, an alloy of cobalt, chromium, tungsten, and carbon. Whether it was placed there deliberately or not, some traces of carbon is also found in these common metals and their alloys: aluminum, chromium, magnesium, molybdenum, niobium, thorium, titanium, tungsten, uranium, vanadium,", "title": "Compounds of carbon" }, { "idx": 23, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "by using steel as a resonator material. This has given way to nickel-iron alloys, primarily to maximise the \"Q\" since this is often the primary appeal of mechanical filters rather than price. Some of the metals that have been used for mechanical filter resonators and their \"Q\" are shown in the table. Piezoelectric crystals are also sometimes used in mechanical filter designs. This is especially true for resonators that are also acting as transducers for inputs and outputs. One advantage that mechanical filters have over LC electrical filters is that they can be made very stable. The resonance frequency can", "title": "Mechanical filter" }, { "idx": 24, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "a range of colours are produced by Physical Vapour Deposition on stainless steel. The resulting coloured stainless steel product can appear as brass, bronze and other metals or alloys. This PVD coloured stainless steel can be used as exterior cladding for buildings and structures, such as the \"Vessel\" sculpture in New York City and The Bund in Shanghai. It is also used for interior hardware, panelling and fixtures, and is even used on some consumer electronics, like the Space Gray and Gold finishes of the iPhone X and XS. Physical vapor deposition Physical vapor deposition (PVD) describes a variety of", "title": "Physical vapor deposition" }, { "idx": 25, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "in the production of iron and steel, and the production of titanium. Calcium also has many uses. One of its uses is as a reducing agent in the separation of other metals from ore, such as uranium. It is also used in the production of the alloys of many metals, such as aluminium and copper alloys, and is also used to deoxidize alloys as well. Calcium also has a role in the making of cheese, mortars, and cement. Strontium and barium do not have as many applications as the lighter alkaline earth metals, but still have uses. Strontium carbonate is", "title": "Alkaline earth metal" }, { "idx": 26, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "such as alloys of iron, carbon and chromium, is called a \"ternary system\". Although an alloy is technically an impure metal, when referring to alloys, the term \"impurities\" usually denotes those elements which are not desired. Such impurities are introduced from the base metals and alloying elements, but are removed during processing. For instance, sulfur is a common impurity in steel. Sulfur combines readily with iron to form iron sulfide, which is very brittle, creating weak spots in the steel. Lithium, sodium and calcium are common impurities in aluminium alloys, which can have adverse effects on the structural integrity of", "title": "Alloy" }, { "idx": 27, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "arriving at the hospital hacking blood.\" Pascua also praised the writing of Waite's character's storyline and Leigh's performance. Tainted Obligation \"Tainted Obligation\" is the fourth episode of the sixth season of the American television medical drama \"Grey's Anatomy\", and the show's 106th episode overall. It was written by Jenna Bans and directed by Tom Verica. The episode was originally broadcast on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) in the United States on October 8, 2009. In the episode, Dr. Meredith Grey (Ellen Pompeo) and Dr. Lexie Grey (Chyler Leigh)'s father is admitted into the hospital, seeking a liver transplantation. Further storylines", "title": "Tainted Obligation" }, { "idx": 28, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "the Australian charting area spans approximately one-eighth of the world's surface, extending from Cocos Island to the west, the Solomon Islands to the east, the Equator to the north, and Antarctica to the south. Following the work of explorers, the British Admiralty established a Chart and Chronometer Depot in Sydney in 1897. The depot was to supplement the activities of Royal Navy survey ships in Australian waters. In 1913, the depot was taken over by the Australian government and was renamed the RAN Hydrographic Depot. Despite this, survey activities were performed by Royal Navy vessels until World War I, when", "title": "Australian Hydrographic Service" }, { "idx": 29, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "north end of the Town Hall Square. The new town hall consisted of two floors with two wings and a small tower with a clock and striking clock. In the ground floor the city cellar was located, that is a tavern or restaurant, and a debtor's prison. Upstairs there was a ballroom and a smaller hall for meetings. The west wing had two rooms which served as teaching facilities. A new and larger town hall with two floors was built in 1814 on the block north of the Town Hall Square with the main facade facing south. The building was", "title": "Umeå Town Hall" }, { "idx": 30, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "confirm she was shot on 30 June 1942. In 1936, Czech composer Julie Reisserová dedicated \"\" () to Plamínková, a female chorus she had set to her text. Posthumously, Plamínková was honored by a tribute at the first postwar Congress of the IWSA in 1946. In 1950, she was awarded \"in memoriam\" the Golden Star, the highest rank, of the Czechoslovak Army's . The Order of Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, established in 1990 to honor Czechs who have made significant contributions to human rights was awarded to Plamínková in 1992. In February 2016, Google commemorated the 141st anniversary of her birthday", "title": "Františka Plamínková" }, { "idx": 31, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "stage of the process. The diagram below depicts an influence diagram which can be applied to any human reliability assessment [3]. This diagram was originally developed for use in the HRA of a scenario within the settings of a nuclear power situation. The diagram depicts the direct influences of each of the factors on the situation under consideration as well as providing as indication as to the way in which some of the factors affect each other. There are 7 first level influences on the outcome of the high level task, numbered 1 to 7. Each of these describes an", "title": "Influence diagrams approach" }, { "idx": 32, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "8. copper; 9. stainless steel - passive. Galvanic corrosion is a primary concern with metal roof maintenance. Marine environments present an additional concern due to the higher concentration of salts in the air and water. Copper is one of the most noble metals. It will not be harmed by contact with other metals but it will cause corrosion to some other metals if contacted directly. The principal metals of concern regarding direct contact with copper are aluminum, light-gauge steel, and zinc. Aluminum and steel flashings and galvanized steel fasteners should not be used with copper. Runoff from a copper roof", "title": "Copper in architecture" }, { "idx": 33, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sacrificial metal A sacrificial metal is a metal used as a sacrificial anode in cathodic protection that corrodes to prevent a primary metal from corrosion, galvanization or rusting. When two metals touch each other and water is present, electrolysis occurs. One well known example is the reaction between zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe). Zn atoms ionize as it is more electronegative and is oxidized and corrodes. Zn(s)→(aq) +2e (oxidation) Sacrificial metals are widely used to prevent other metals from rusting, for example galvanised steel. Most of the steel object is coated with a layer of zinc, which is more electronegative", "title": "Sacrificial metal" }, { "idx": 34, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "materials, that can help recyclers make more money on their metal recycling. When a magnet sticks to the metal, it will be a ferrous material, like steel or iron. This is usually a less expensive item that is recycled but usually is recycled in larger quantities of thousands of pounds. Non-ferrous metals like copper, aluminum, and brass do not stick to a magnet. Some cheaper grades of stainless steel are magnetic, other grades are not. These items are higher priced commodities for metal recycling and are important to separate when recycling them. The prices of non-ferrous metals also tend to", "title": "Scrap" }, { "idx": 35, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "alone. Stainless steel, due to its superior corrosion resistance relative to most other metals, including steel and aluminum, becomes the cathode accelerating the corrosion of the anodic metal. An example is the corrosion of aluminum rivets fastening stainless steel sheets in contact with water. At elevated temperatures all metals react with hot gases. The most common high temperature gaseous mixture is air, and oxygen is the most reactive component of air. Carbon steel is limited to ~ in air. Chromium in stainless steel reacts with oxygen to form a chromium oxide scale which reduces oxygen diffusion into the material. The", "title": "Stainless steel" }, { "idx": 36, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "British Metals Recycling Association As a trade association, the British Metals Recycling Association (BMRA) represents over 300 organisations working across UK’s metal recycling sector. Its website also helps members of the public to find a local metal recycling organisation. It is based in Cambridgeshire, England. The UK’s £5 billion metals recycling industry supplies environmentally sound raw materials to metals manufacturers around the world. The wider industry comprises an estimated 2,500 businesses, employing 8,000-10,000 people, and processes approximately 13 million tonnes of ferrous and non-ferrous metals every year. The BMRA’s members trade and process steel, aluminium, copper and most other ferrous", "title": "British Metals Recycling Association" } ]

[ "alloys" ]

[ "The term \"alloy\" is sometimes used in everyday speech as a synonym for a particular alloy. For example, automobile wheels made of an aluminium alloy are commonly referred to as simply \"alloy wheels\", although in point of fact steels and most other metals in practical use are also alloys. Steel is such a common alloy that many items made from it, like wheels, barrels, or girders, are simply referred to by the name of the item, assuming it is made of steel. When made from other materials, they are typically specified as such, (i.e.: \"bronze wheel,\" \"plastic barrel,\" or \"wood girder\")." ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "New Thought" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Plotinus does not address whether we know external objects, unlike Schopenhauer and other modern philosophers. Christian theologians have held idealist views, often based on Neoplatonism, despite the influence of Aristotelian scholasticism from the 12th century onward. Later western theistic idealism such as that of Hermann Lotze offers a theory of the \"world ground\" in which all things find their unity: it has been widely accepted by Protestant theologians. Several modern religious movements, for example the organizations within the New Thought Movement and the Unity Church, may be said to have a particularly idealist orientation. The theology of Christian Science includes", "title": "Idealism" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Plotinus does not address whether we know external objects, unlike Schopenhauer and other modern philosophers. Christian theologians have held idealist views, often based on Neoplatonism, despite the influence of Aristotelian scholasticism from the 12th century onward. Later western theistic idealism such as that of Hermann Lotze offers a theory of the \"world ground\" in which all things find their unity: it has been widely accepted by Protestant theologians. Several modern religious movements, for example the organizations within the New Thought Movement and the Unity Church, may be said to have a particularly idealist orientation. The theology of Christian Science includes", "title": "Idealism" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "is divine, divine thought is a force for good, sickness originates in the mind, and \"right thinking\" has a healing effect. New Thought was propelled along by a number of spiritual thinkers and philosophers and emerged through a variety of religious denominations and churches, particularly the Unity Church, Religious Science, and Church of Divine Science. The Home of Truth, which belongs to the New Thought movement has, from its inception as the Pacific Coast Metaphysical Bureau in the 1880s, disseminated the teachings of the Hindu teacher Swami Vivekananda. The Theosophical Society was formed in 1875 by Helena Blavatsky, Henry Steel", "title": "Religious experience" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "of Unity Church, and Ernest Holmes and Fenwicke Holmes, both of whom were ordained Divine Science ministers who would go on to found Religious Science. The much younger Christian Church International and its Arnulf Seminary of Theology are also deeply influenced by the New Thought movement, and its theology is very much similar to the one of the Church of Divine Science. Church of Divine Science The Church of Divine Science is a religious movement within the wider New Thought movement. The group was formalized in San Francisco in the 1880s under Malinda Cramer. \"In March 1888 Cramer and her", "title": "Church of Divine Science" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "work were deeply influenced by the Social Gospel. The New Thought movement expanded as Unity and Church of Divine Science were founded. The goal of the Holiness movement in the Methodist Church was to move beyond the one-time conversion experience that the revivals produce, and reach entire sanctification. The Pentecostals went one step further, seeking what they called a \"baptism in the spirit\" or \"baptism of the Holy Ghost\" that enabled those with this special gift to heal the sick, perform miracles, prophesy, and speak in tongues. The re-discovered Pentecostal movement can be traced to the Ocoee mountains in the", "title": "Third Great Awakening" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Cramer became a co-founder of Divine Science, along with Mrs. Bingham, who later taught Nona L. Brooks, who co-founded Divine Science with Cramer. Charles and Myrtle Fillmore, who went to Hopkins together, went on to found the Unity School of Christianity afterwards. Authors learned from Hopkins, too, including Dr. H. Emilie Cady, writer of the Unity textbook \"Lessons in Truth\"; Ella Wheeler Wilcox, New Thought poet; and Elizabeth Towne. Considerably later, Ernest Holmes, who established Religious Science and founded the United Centers for Spiritual Living. The Unity Church is the largest New Thought church today, with thousands of members around", "title": "History of New Thought" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "the banner of \"New Thought\". These churches share a spiritual, metaphysical and mystical predisposition and understanding of the Bible and were strongly influenced by the Transcendentalist movement, particularly the work of Ralph Waldo Emerson. Another antecedent of this movement was Swedenborgianism, founded on the writings of Emanuel Swedenborg in 1787. The New Thought concept was named by Emma Curtis Hopkins (\"teacher of teachers\") after Hopkins broke off from Mary Baker Eddy's Church of Christ, Scientist. The movement had been previously known as the Mental Sciences or the Christian Sciences. The three major branches are Religious Science, Unity Church and Divine", "title": "Religion in the United States" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "immortal, as well as believing that he might be the reincarnation of Paul of Tarsus. Charles and Myrtle Fillmore were vegetarians. Charles Fillmore (Unity Church) Charles Sherlock Fillmore (August 22, 1854 – July 5, 1948) founded Unity, a church within the New Thought movement, with his wife, Myrtle Page Fillmore, in 1889. He became known as an American mystic for his contributions to spiritualist interpretations of biblical Scripture. He was born in St. Cloud, Minnesota on August 22, 1854. An ice skating accident when he was ten broke Fillmore's hip and left him with lifelong disabilities. In his early years,", "title": "Charles Fillmore (Unity Church)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "from a group of size , in which the th person is the survivor. If there is an addition of people to the circle, then the survivor is in the -th position if this is less than or equal to . If is the smallest value for which , then the survivor is in position . In the following, formula_1 denotes the number of people in the initial circle, and formula_2 denotes the count for each step, that is, formula_3 people are skipped and the formula_2-th is executed. The people in the circle are numbered from formula_5 to formula_1. We", "title": "Josephus problem" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "in Galicia had no other university until the early 1980s, when two satellite campuses of the University of Santiago de Compostela were created in A Coruña and Vigo. Before that, the only other institution in Galicia with the power to grant degrees was the School of Naval and Industrial Engineers of Ferrol, which was created by a ministerial order under the initiative of General Francisco Franco in the early 1960s. This school was directly dependent on the Ministry of Education in Madrid, although in 1992 it was amalgamated with the University of A Coruña. In the late 1980s, the two", "title": "University of Vigo" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "northward one block to Emerson, then turns westward one block along Emerson to Pine River Street, bypassing downtown Ithaca. From there, Bus. US 127 turns northward along the former route of US 27 through town. North of downtown, the highway passes through another residential area before exiting Ithaca. North of town, the business loop passes a golf course before turning eastward a short distance along Polk Road to connect to the freeway. An expressway through Gratiot County opened in late 1961, and US 27 was rerouted to follow it, bypassing Ithaca to the east. The former route of US 27", "title": "Business routes of U.S. Route 127 in Michigan" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hughes. It was turned into Spring Mountain Ranch State Park. On August 27, 1957, he appeared as a guest challenger on \"To Tell the Truth\". He died on February 21, 1980, aged 78, and was buried in Hot Springs, Arkansas. Chester Lauck is a member of the Arkansas Entertainers Hall of Fame. Lauck was inducted into the National Association of Broadcasters Hall of Fame in the radio division. Chester Lauck Chester \"Chet\" Lauck (February 9, 1902 – February 21, 1980) was a comic actor who played the character of Lum Edwards on the classic American radio comedy \"Lum and Abner\".", "title": "Chester Lauck" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "to total sales of over 800,000 copies. In the United States, her albums have collectively sold over 1.5 million copies as of 2007, according to Nielsen Soundscan. Remixed by Stardust for promotional use only. I Two versions of the video for \"Dress\" were shot. PJ Harvey discography The discography of PJ Harvey, an English alternative rock musician, consists of nine studio albums, two collaboration albums with John Parish, twenty-two singles, one extended play, three compilation albums and a number of collaborations with other artists. Following her departure from Automatic Dlamini in January 1991, Harvey formed the PJ Harvey Trio. The", "title": "PJ Harvey discography" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "United States of America, the Right Reverend Albert Arthur Chambers, who temporarily held jurisdiction over the original Anglican Church of North America along with Bishop Francisco Pagtakhan of the Philippine Independent Church as co-consecrator. The Right Reverend Mark Pae of the Anglican Church of Korea sent a letter of consent. Bishop Doren, Bishop Chambers and Bishop Pagtakhan then consecrated James Mote, Robert Morse and Francis Watterson. Bishop Doren is regarded as, in effect, the \"Primus\" of the four bishops consecrated for the Continuing Anglican movement. It is these consecrations which began what would become the multi-jurisdictional Continuing Anglican movement. Bishop", "title": "Charles Doren" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Latin, while that of the East was Greek. Soon after the fall of the West to invaders, the number of individuals who spoke both languages dwindled, and communication between East and West grew much more difficult. With linguistic unity gone, cultural unity began to crumble as well. The two halves of the Church were naturally divided along similar lines; they developed different rites and had different approaches to religious doctrines. Although the schism was still centuries away, its outlines were already perceptible. In the areas under his control, Justinian I established caesaropapism as the constitution of the Church in a", "title": "East–West Schism" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Thelema Thelema () is a social or spiritual philosophy derived from Western esotericism. The word \"thelema\" itself is Ancient or Koine Greek for \"will\". While Thelema is most often regarded as a religion—a new religious movement and contemporary mystery religion in particular—it is also referred to as a philosophy, \"religious philosophy\", \"spiritual philosophy\", or \"religious matrix\". An adherent of Thelema is traditionally referred to as a \"Thelemite\", and all phenomena within the scope of Thelema are termed \"Thelemic\". The fundamental axiom, tenet, or boilerplate underlying Thelema—known as the \"Law of Thelema\"—is \"Do what thou wilt shall be the whole of", "title": "Thelema" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Evangelical Church of Romania The Evangelical Church of Romania (), a Protestant denomination, is one of Romania's eighteen officially recognised religious denominations. The church originated between 1920 and 1924, the work of the young Romanian Orthodox theologians Dumitru Cornilescu (whose Bible translation is used by neo-Protestant churches in Romania) and Tudor Popescu (a former priest at the Cuibul cu barză Church). Also known as Tudorites, the deeply pietistic movement, regarded as the only neo-Protestant church with Romanian origins, originated in a profound religious experience of Popescu's. Following this, he began to preach repentance and faith, questioning the significance attached by", "title": "Evangelical Church of Romania" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "and the heretics among the Sanhadja, beginning what later become known as the Almoravid movement. The initial aim of the Almoravids was to establish a political community in which the ethical and juridical principles of Islam would be strictly applied. First, the Almoravids attacked and subdued the Djodala, forcing them to acknowledge Islam. Then, rallying the other Berber groups of the west Sahara, the Almoravids succeeded in recreating the political unity of the Sanhadja Confederation and adding to it a religious unity and purpose. By 1054 the Almoravids had captured Sijilmasa in the Maghrib and had retaken Aoudaghast from Ghana.", "title": "Precolonial Mauritania" } ]

[ "New Thought" ]

[ "Christian theologians have held idealist views, often based on Neoplatonism, despite the influence of Aristotelian scholasticism from the 12th century onward. Later western theistic idealism such as that of Hermann Lotze offers a theory of the \"world ground\" in which all things find their unity: it has been widely accepted by Protestant theologians. Several modern religious movements, for example the organizations within the New Thought Movement and the Unity Church, may be said to have a particularly idealist orientation. The theology of Christian Science includes a form of idealism: it teaches that all that truly exists is God and God's ideas; that the world as it appears to the senses is a distortion of the underlying spiritual reality, a distortion that may be corrected (both conceptually and in terms of human experience) through a reorientation (spiritualization) of thought." ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "Friedrich Sertürner" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "manufacture in the mid 1800s. Rational drug discovery from plants started particularly with the isolation of morphine, analgesic and sleep-inducing agent from opium, by the German apothecary assistant Friedrich Sertürner who named the compound after the Greek god of dreams, Morpheus. By the late 1880s, German dye manufacturers had perfected the purification of individual organic compounds from tar and other mineral sources and had also established rudimentary methods in organic chemical synthesis. The development of synthetic chemical methods allowed scientists to systematically vary the structure of chemical substances, and growth in the emerging science of pharmacology expanded their ability to", "title": "Pharmaceutical industry" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "in the opium trade through India, another opiate recipe called laudanum became very popular among physicians and their patients. Morphine was discovered as the first active alkaloid extracted from the opium poppy plant in December 1804 in Paderborn, Germany, by Friedrich Sertürner. In 1817 Sertürner reported experiments in which he administered morphine to himself, three young boys, three dogs, and a mouse; all four people almost died. Sertürner originally named the substance \"morphium\" after the Greek god of dreams, Morpheus, as it has a tendency to cause sleep. Sertürner's morphium was six times stronger than opium. He hypothesized that, because", "title": "Morphine" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "utilizes contemporary research approaches to generate new knowledge relevant to drug behavior in humans, to therapeutic interventions, and/or to patient outcomes. The history of pharmacy contains numerous individuals that dabbled in both clinical pharmacy practice and pharmaceutical science. Many major scientific discoveries in pharmacology were by pharmacists, acting as clinical pharmaceutical scientists (although not necessarily recognized by that term). For example, Friedrich Sertürner was a German pharmacist who discovered and isolated the opiate morphine from opium in 1805. \"The American Pharmacy (1852–2002): A Collection of Historical Essays\" contains a comprehensive history of American pharmacy from the late modern period to", "title": "Clinical pharmaceutical scientist" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "bottom of the entire Football League, the lowest finishing position in their history – and had to seek re-election, but it was all part of a rebuilding process introduced by the manager. The club was also to be hit hard by hooliganism, which was rampant throughout English football at the time, with Blackpool's firm, then known as Benny's Mob, being one of the most notorious in the country. As there was still a lack of transfer funds, Ellis scoured the youth teams and free-transfer market for his buys. He also made some money by selling Dave Bamber and Colin Morris", "title": "History of Blackpool F.C. (1962–present)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Court for Baltimore County in 1985. In 2001, Smith resigned as judge to run for County Executive. He has lived in Baltimore County for his entire life. He and his wife Sandy have four children and nine grandchildren. James T. Smith Jr. James T. Smith Jr. (born February 8, 1942) is an American politician who served as Secretary of Transportation of Maryland under Governor Martin O'Malley from 2013 to 2015. A member of the Democratic Party, he previously served as Baltimore County Executive from 2002 to 2010. He succeeded Dutch Ruppersberger who was elected to the United States House of", "title": "James T. Smith Jr." }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "he had wanted to be a surgeon, but the family could not afford a medical school education. He held a succession of jobs after leaving school: as a soda jerk, insurance investigator, and office clerk. Most ended with his being fired. He lost the insurance job when he made an error that cost the insurance company $40,000. The dentist who hired him to look after his office at lunch hour did the same when he found Kaye using his drill on the office woodwork. Years later Kaye married the dentist's daughter, Sylvia. He learned his trade in his teenage years", "title": "Danny Kaye" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "sister Barbara grew up in a black middle-class family. Her mother is Faith Ringgold, who was a teacher and college lecturer before becoming a widely exhibited artist. Her father, Robert Earl Wallace, was a classical and jazz pianist. Her parents separated after four years of marriage. Michele and Barbara Wallace were raised by their mother and stepfather Burdette \"Birdie\" Ringgold in Harlem's exclusive Sugar Hill. Growing up, Wallace went to private school and spent summers at camp or in Europe. She attended elementary school at Our Savior Lutheran Church before transferring to the progressive New Lincoln School, where David Rieff", "title": "Michele Wallace" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "and nucleus ambiguus with wasting (atrophy) of the motor nerves of the pons and medulla. This may cause difficulty with tongue movements, speech, chewing and swallowing caused by dysfunction of several cranial nerve nuclei. Motor neuron disease is the most common disease affecting the hypoglossal nerve. The hypoglossal nerve is tested by examining the tongue and its movements. At rest, if the nerve is injured a tongue may appear to have the appearance of a \"bag of worms\" (fasciculations) or wasting (atrophy). The nerve is then tested by sticking the tongue out. If there is damage to the nerve or", "title": "Hypoglossal nerve" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "7-PET 7-PET was discovered by K.W. Bentley and is a potent opioid analgesic drug, 300 times the potency of morphine by weight. It is related to the more well-known oripavine derivative opioid etorphine, which is used as a very potent veterinary painkiller and anesthetic medication, used primarily for the sedation of large animals such as elephants, giraffes and rhinos. 7-PET itself has a 3-O-methyl ether which reduces potency, but the 3-OH derivative is around 2200x morphine, almost the same potency as etorphine as a μ agonist, and unexpectedly the 3-desoxy compound is also around the same potency of 2000x morphine.", "title": "7-PET" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "also activated by the morphine metabolite morphine-6β-glucuronide but not morphine itself. The third subtype of third opioid type is the mu-3 receptor, which may be a commonality to other six-position monoesters of morphine. The contribution of these receptors to the overall pharmacology of heroin remains unknown. A subclass of morphine derivatives, namely the 3,6 esters of morphine, with similar effects and uses, includes the clinically used strong analgesics nicomorphine (Vilan), and dipropanoylmorphine; there is also the latter's dihydromorphine analogue, diacetyldihydromorphine (Paralaudin). Two other 3,6 diesters of morphine invented in 1874–75 along with diamorphine, dibenzoylmorphine and acetylpropionylmorphine, were made as substitutes", "title": "Heroin" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "future painful stimuli. \"An intense barrage of painful stimuli potentiates the cells responsive to pain so that they respond more vigorously to minor stimulation in the future.\" Thus, trauma victims (or patients in pain) are given painkillers (such as morphine) as soon as possible to prevent pain sensitization. Kalat suggests that morphine should be taken before surgery; \"People who begin taking morphine before surgery need less of it afterward.\" Pain tolerance Pain tolerance is the maximum level of pain that a person is able to tolerate. Pain tolerance is distinct from pain threshold (the point at which pain begins to", "title": "Pain tolerance" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "of codeine or food containing poppy seeds can cause false positives. A 1999 review estimated that relatively low doses of heroin (which metabolizes immediately into morphine) are detectable by standard urine tests for 1-1.5 days after use. A 2009 review determined that, when the analyte is morphine and the limit of detection is 1ng/ml, a 20mg intravenous (IV) dose of morphine is detectable for 12–24 hours. A limit of detection of 0.6ng/ml had similar results. Morphine is the most abundant opiate found in opium, the dried latex extracted by shallowly scoring the unripe seedpods of the \"Papaver somniferum\" poppy. Morphine", "title": "Morphine" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In particular, addiction to opium became widespread among soldiers fighting in the Civil War, who very often required painkillers and thus were very often prescribed morphine. Women were also very frequently prescribed opiates, and opiates were advertised as being able to relieve \"female troubles\". Many soldiers in the Vietnam War were introduced to heroin and many developed a dependency to the substance which survived even when they returned to the US. Technological advances in travel meant that this increased demand for heroin in the US could now be met. Furthermore, as technology advanced, more drugs were synthesized and discovered, opening", "title": "Substance dependence" } ]

[ "Friedrich Sertürner" ]

[ "The modern pharmaceutical industry traces its roots to two sources. The first of these were local apothecaries that expanded from their traditional role distributing botanical drugs such as morphine and quinine to wholesale manufacture in the mid 1800s. Rational drug discovery from plants started particularly with the isolation of morphine, analgesic and sleep-inducing agent from opium, by the German apothecary assistant Friedrich Sertürner, who named the compound after the Greek god of dreams, Morpheus. Multinational corporations including Merck, Hoffman-La Roche, Burroughs-Wellcome (now part of Glaxo Smith Kline), Abbott Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Upjohn (now part of Pfizer) began as local apothecary shops in the mid-1800s. By the late 1880s, German dye manufacturers had perfected the purification of individual organic compounds from coal tar and other mineral sources and had also established rudimentary methods in organic chemical synthesis. The development of synthetic chemical methods allowed scientists to systematically vary the structure of chemical substances, and growth in the emerging science of pharmacology expanded their ability to evaluate the biological effects of these structural changes." ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "Manzini Industrial and Training Centre" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "full university. It aim to provide and facilitating high quality training and learning in technology and business studies in collaboration with the Commercial, Industrial and Public Sectors. Other technical and vocational institutions are the Gwamile Vocational and Commercial Training Institute located in Matsapha and the Manzini Industrial and Training Centre (MITC) in Manzini. Other vocational institutions include Nhlangano Agricultural Skills Training Center and Siteki Industrial Training Centre. In addition to these institutions, Swaziland also has the Swaziland Institute of Management and Public Administration (SIMPA) and Institute of Development Management (IDM). SIMPA is a government owned management and development institute and", "title": "Education in Eswatini" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "and business studies in collaboration with the Commercial, Industrial and Public Sectors. Other technical and vocational institutions are the Gwamile Vocational and Commercial Training Institute in Matsapha and the Manzini Industrial and Training Centre (MITC) in Manzini. Other vocational institutions include Nhlangano Agricultural Skills Training Center and Siteki Industrial Training Centre. In addition to these institutions, the kingdom also has the Swaziland Institute of Management and Public Administration (SIMPA) and Institute of Development Management (IDM). SIMPA is a government owned management and development institute and IDM is a regional organisation in Botswana, Lesotho and Eswatini that provides training, consultancy, and", "title": "Eswatini" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jones of Sputnikmusic wrote: \"Street Sects combine dirty synths with traces of noisecore and industrial piss, underscored with thoughts of suicide and misanthropy.\" Dæv Tremblay of Can This Even Be Called Music? called their music \"hardcore plunderphonics\". Stephen Proski of \"New Noise Magazine\" praised the interplay between Ringsmuth's sophisticated musical structures and Leo Ashline's (screamed) vocals, which he called \"intimate and vehement\". Street Sects Street Sects is an American experimental music duo from Austin, Texas formed in 2013, composed of vocalist Leo Ashline and multi-instrumentalist Shaun Ringsmuth. Their style is extremely abrasive, characterised by industrial rhythms, use of screamed vocals,", "title": "Street Sects" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "outsiders the persecutions will mean nothing to those with a solid foundation of faith. Augustine presented the disasters as metaphors for specific human failings. Rains represented superstition, rivers carnal lusts, and winds rumours. Most scholars today read the verse as an eschatological metaphor. Matthew 7:25 Matthew 7:25 is the twenty-fifth verse of the seventh chapter of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament and is part of the Sermon on the Mount. This verse continues the Parable of the Wise and the Foolish Builders. In the King James Version of the Bible the text reads: The World English Bible", "title": "Matthew 7:25" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "number of the northern leopard frogs (rana pipiens) had deformities, such as missing legs, extra legs, and other disfigurements. Concerned about the possibility that the deformities occurred because of a contaminant in the water, Ms. Reinitz contacted the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA). As the MPCA did not have an amphibian specialist at the time, Reinitz was referred to the MPCA's invertebrate researcher, Dr. Judy Helgen. At the time Ms. Helgen was studying frogs as part of an effort to develop a bio-index for measuring the overall health of a pond or wetland. As Helgen was busy at the time,", "title": "A Plague of Frogs" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "city as the number nine top moment of 2007. \"Crackdown\" premiered to very strong sales. During the week of its worldwide release of February 2007, it was the top selling Xbox 360 game in North America, Japan, and the UK. The game was the top selling game in North America for the month of February 2007, selling 427,000 units. Ultimately, by the end of 2007, the game sold 1.5 million copies worldwide. It received a \"Gold\" sales award from the Entertainment and Leisure Software Publishers Association (ELSPA), indicating sales of at least 200,000 copies in the United Kingdom. The game", "title": "Crackdown" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "tweaked to fit on \"Rogues\". \"Look Alive\" and \"Punch Drunk\" were not only on the Japanese release of \"Light Grenades\", but live versions were on the \"Look Alive\" concert DVD release from 2007. \"Pantomime\" and \"Monuments and Melodies\" (and the Japanese bonus track \"Follow\") appear on Incubus's \"Alive at Red Rocks\" DVD from 2004 as tracks on the bonus CD, though the \"Pantomime\" in this compilation is an entirely different recording featuring the whole band for the entire song, whereas it is revealed in the concert section of the Alive at Red Rocks DVD and the studio version featured on", "title": "Monuments and Melodies" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "years in prison. Mfanasibili was later given a royal pardon. At the time of his death 'Prince Mfanasibili was living with his wife and children in Manzini. Swaziland, where he served on the city council, and discharged his duties on behalf of the royal family. He was very active in Swazi politics and his articles were at one time featured weekly in the Sunday Times newspaper. ' Prince Mfanasibili died aged 77 on 15 March 2016. Prince Mfanasibili of Swaziland Prince Mfanasibili ( – 15 March 2016) of Swaziland was the son of Prince Makhosikhosi who was brother to King", "title": "Prince Mfanasibili of Swaziland" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "age of 40. Phiwa Nkambule Phiwa Nkambule (born January 24, 1992) is an internet entrepreneur best known for co-founding and leading Riovic as its chief executive officer. Phiwa Nkambule was born in Manzini where he also spent his childhood. In 2006, as a 14-year-old, he began fixing and building computers with his uncle in a small township in Swaziland. Nkambule moved to South Africa in 2007 for academic purposes. Phiwa was a law student at the University of Pretoria before quitting to start his first technology company Cybatar from his garage in 2014. It was at the university where he", "title": "Phiwa Nkambule" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "enough for him to personally oversee and protect from being corrupted. This new incarnation changed the acronym to stand for \"Strategic Hazard Intervention, Espionage and Logistics Directorate\". Sometime later, Frank Castle, the vigilante known as the Punisher, is captured and sent to a maximum-security facility with a S.H.I.E.L.D. escort. During a hypnosis session with Doc Samson, a character named Spook interrupts and has the Punisher conditioned to believe Fury is responsible for the murder of the Punisher's family. An escaped Punisher eventually kills Fury, who is buried at Arlington National Cemetery. The Fury that the Punisher has \"killed\" is later", "title": "Nick Fury" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "from the 1990s until all lots were developed ten years later. South of downtown is the sprawling lower and middle-class Ngwane Park Township, developed from a private farm since the 1970s. However, most areas surrounding Manzini are rural Swazi Nation Land administered by chiefs. Manzini has pockets of extreme poverty: informal settlements along the river, east of Coates Valley, and west between KaKhoza Township and the industrial town Matsapha. There is a christian radio station called Voice of the Church based in the city. It was established in 1995 and they had one transmitter by then. Manzini is twinned with:", "title": "Manzini, Eswatini" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "prior to 2010, and during that year as well, the number of street children in Mbabane and Manzini rose steadily. Swaziland is not a party to the 1980 Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction. The constitution calls for the protection of disabled people, but no laws prohibit discrimination in employment, provide for health-care access for the disabled, or require access to transport, buildings, or services. Discrimination on the grounds of race, color, ethnic origin, tribe, or birth is technically unconstitutional, but is practiced by government bodies and society at large against whites and mixed-race persons, who", "title": "Human rights in Eswatini" } ]

[ "Manzini Industrial and Training Centre" ]

[ "The main centre for technical training in Swaziland is the Swaziland College of Technology which is slated to become a full university. It aims to provide and facilitating high quality training and learning in technology and business studies in collaboration with the Commercial, Industrial and Public Sectors. Other technical and vocational institutions are the Gwamile Vocational and Commercial Training Institute located in Matsapha and the Manzini Industrial and Training Centre (MITC) in Manzini. Other vocational institutions include Nhlangano Agricultural Skills Training Center and Siteki Industrial Training Centre." ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "democracy" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Anxo Araúxo Iglesias, wrote a pastoral letter that was not well received by the Franco regime, about a demonstration in Bazán (Ferrol) where two workers died. As part of the transition to democracy upon the death of Franco in 1975, Galicia regained its status as an autonomous region within Spain with the Statute of Autonomy of 1981, which begins, \"Galicia, historical nationality, is constituted as an Autonomous Community to access to its self-government, in agreement with the Spanish Constitution and with the present Statute (...)\". Varying degrees of nationalist or independentist sentiment are evident at the political level. The \"Bloque", "title": "Galicia (Spain)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "if it had not been forbidden\". Authors such as Castelao, among others, stated that Galician should gradually merge with Portuguese, namely in its written form. The reality was that until the 1980s Galician was often written using a mix of the three options. Yet, with the end of Francoist Spain in 1975, and with the Spanish transition to democracy shortly afterwards, Galicia became an autonomous community with the Statute of Autonomy of 1981, with Galician as its official language (alongside Spanish). Establishing a fixed standard form then became urgent. Claims for Galician-Portuguese linguistic unity had already been produced, as evidenced", "title": "Reintegrationism" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Anxo Araúxo Iglesias, wrote a pastoral letter that was not well received by the Franco regime, about a demonstration in Bazán (Ferrol) where two workers died. As part of the transition to democracy upon the death of Franco in 1975, Galicia regained its status as an autonomous region within Spain with the Statute of Autonomy of 1981, which begins, \"Galicia, historical nationality, is constituted as an Autonomous Community to access to its self-government, in agreement with the Spanish Constitution and with the present Statute (...)\". Varying degrees of nationalist or independentist sentiment are evident at the political level. The \"Bloque", "title": "Galicia (Spain)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Meister Eder und sein Pumuckl (TV series) Meister Eder und sein Pumuckl (Master Eder and his Pumuckl) is a German-Austrian-Hungarian children's series. It is based on the character Pumuckl, created by children's book author Ellis Kaut. The master carpenter Eder meets the Kobold Pumuckl, whom only Eder can see, because Pumuckl becomes invisible when other people approach. Pumuckl finally stays with Eder in his carpenter's shop, and maintains a fatherly and friendly relationship with Eder. The shooting for the television series was held in various locations, mainly in Munich. Meister Eder's workshop was located in a rear building of Widenmayerstraße", "title": "Meister Eder und sein Pumuckl (TV series)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "a divided highway began in 1958. When the highway was completed in 1960, the entire length of 16th Street in Maryland was designated MD 390. Maryland Route 390 Maryland Route 390 (MD 390) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Maryland. The highway runs from 16th Street at the District of Columbia boundary north to MD 97 within Silver Spring. MD 390 is a six-lane divided highway continuation of 16th Street into Maryland and serves as a western bypass of downtown Silver Spring. The portion of the highway south of MD 410 was constructed around 1930. MD 390", "title": "Maryland Route 390" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Porto Alegre and Santa Maria. Llewellyn Ivor Price, was born in Santa Maria in 1905, and completed his studies at Harvard University, USA. He returned to Santa Maria in 1936, bringing along his colleague Theodore E. White. Both came into contact with the Munari who helped in their excavations at this site. This year was collected \"Staurikosaurus\", the first Brazilian dinosaur. Price was the first totally Brazilian paleontologist and helped define the whole structure of paleontological research in Brazil. In 1925, the German paleontologist Dr. Bruno von Freyberg, University of Halle-Wittenberg, visited the site. That same year Dr. G. Florence", "title": "Sanga da Alemoa" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "was the only Tennessee Walking Horse to have ever been given the \"Sports Illustrated\" Award of Merit. Shaker's Shocker retired from showing in 1970 and was put to stud at Sain's stables. He was also used as a mascot for University of Tennessee football games. Shaker's Shocker and Betty Sain have been given a historic marker in Tennessee. There is a permanent exhibit on them in the Tennessee Walking Horse National Museum. Shaker's Shocker Shaker's Shocker was a Tennessee Walking Horse stallion who won his breed's World Grand Championship in 1966. Shaker's Shocker was foaled in 1962, by World Grand", "title": "Shaker's Shocker" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "duly satisfied, Hall Caine Airport officially came into being on April 30, 1935. Hall Caine Airport flourished from 1935 until it ceased commercial operations in 1937. Gordon Hall Caine Gordon Ralph Hall Caine (15 August 1884 – 26 June 1962) was a British publisher and Conservative politician. Caine was the son of British novelist Hall Caine and his wife Mary Chandler. He was born at Hampstead London. His father had dramatic interests in America and in 1902 Gordon Caine was in America to study business methods and consider publishing an American version of Household Words. With his brother, Derwent Hall", "title": "Gordon Hall Caine" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nigeria's corrupt military government which was expected to hand over power to civilians in that year, although civilian rule did not start until 1999). \"1990\" earned Charly Boy mixed reviews due to its political nature and caused national controversy, and a number of radio stations refused to play the title track. Despite this, \"1990\" was one of Nigeria's best-selling albums of 1988, and Charly Boy was credited with using his music to stand up to his government, a lá Fela Kuti. In recent years, Charly Boy has worked on several collaborations with his cousin Dr. Alban, most notably on the", "title": "Charly Boy" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "in their own right. They are apparently unable to communicate with humans in any meaningful way; on one occasion a human is taken inside a Visitor, only to be released after experiencing a jumble of confusing colored lights and smells which he did not understand. The Visitors are composed largely of a dense form of cellulose, and they proceed to consume a quantity of trees and plant life in the US. Eventually, they start producing vehicles, superficially resembling human cars but capable of flying using the same unknown principles as the Visitors themselves, and apparently incorporating some element of intelligence,", "title": "The Visitors (novel)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "princes of Hungary was \"ruler of Galicia and Lodomeria\". Following the Napoleonic Wars and the Congress of Vienna, the Austrian Empire ceded portions of Galicia to the Russian Empire, West Galicia and Tarnopol District. The name \"Galicia\" is the Latinized form of Halych, a principality of the medieval Ruthenia. \"Lodomeria\", is also a Latinized form of Volodymyr-Volynskyi that was founded in the 10th century by Vladimir the Great and until the partitions of Poland was known simply as Volodymyr (). King of Galicia and Lodomeria was a medieval title which the King of Hungary (Andrew II) adopted during his conquest", "title": "Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "ballots cast. In the second round, Tyahnybok did not endorse a candidate. He did present a list of some 20 demands that second round candidate Yulia Tymoshenko had to fulfil first before gaining his endorsement - which included publicizing alleged secret deals Tymoshenko had with Vladimir Putin and ridding herself of what he called Ukraine-haters in her close circles. During the 2010 Ukrainian local elections Tyahnybok's party won between twenty and thirty percent of the votes in Eastern Galicia where it became one of the main forces in local government. During the 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election Tyahnybok was re-elected (he", "title": "Oleh Tyahnybok" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Austro-Hungarian army in a chaotic frontier battle in the opening months of the war. They were in turn pushed out in the spring and summer of 1915 by a combined German and Austro-Hungarian offensive. In 1918, Western Galicia became a part of the restored Republic of Poland, which absorbed the Lemko-Rusyn Republic. The local Ukrainian population briefly declared the independence of Eastern Galicia as the \"West Ukrainian People's Republic\". During the Polish-Soviet War the Soviets tried to establish the puppet-state of the Galician SSR in East Galicia, the government of which after couple of months was liquidated. The fate of", "title": "Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria" } ]

[ "democracy" ]

[ "As part of the transition to democracy upon the death of Franco in 1975, Galicia regained its status as an autonomous region within Spain with the Statute of Autonomy of 1981, which begins, \"Galicia, historical nationality, is constituted as an Autonomous Community to access to its self-government, in agreement with the Spanish Constitution and with the present Statute (...)\". Varying degrees of nationalist or independentist sentiment are evident at the political level. The Bloque Nacionalista Galego or BNG, is a conglomerate of left-wing parties and individuals that claims Galician political status as a nation." ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "Cardinal Augustin Bea" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Fathers avoided statements which might anger Christians of other faiths. Cardinal Augustin Bea, the President of the Christian Unity Secretariat, always had the full support of Paul VI in his attempts to ensure that the Council language was friendly and open to the sensitivities of Protestant and Orthodox Churches, whom he had invited to all sessions at the request of Pope John XXIII. Bea also was strongly involved in the passage of \"Nostra aetate\", which regulates the Church's relations with the Jewish faith and members of other religions. After his election as Bishop of Rome, Paul VI first met with", "title": "Pope Paul VI" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Fathers avoided statements which might anger Christians of other faiths. Cardinal Augustin Bea, the President of the Christian Unity Secretariat, always had the full support of Paul VI in his attempts to ensure that the Council language was friendly and open to the sensitivities of Protestant and Orthodox Churches, whom he had invited to all sessions at the request of Pope John XXIII. Bea also was strongly involved in the passage of \"Nostra aetate\", which regulates the Church's relations with the Jewish faith and members of other religions. After his election as Bishop of Rome, Paul VI first met with", "title": "Pope Paul VI" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The audience was a major impetus for Pope John's directing Cardinal Augustin Bea, the president of the Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity, to draft \"a declaration on the Catholic Church's relationship to the Jewish people for the upcoming Second Vatican Council.\" This action by the Pope led to the promulgation of \"Nostra aetate\" (In Our Time) on October 28, 1965. \"With Nostra Aetate the Catholic Church took leave from an almost 2,000 year old anti-Jewish tradition, a profound break with the age-old teaching of contempt.\" On January 6, 1956, at the Hôtel Lutetia in Paris (where survivors of the", "title": "Jules Isaac" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Second Vatican Council, Cardinal Augustin Bea used Thering's study to draft portions of the 1965 Vatican II document “Nostra aetate” (“In Our Age”), which declared of Christ's death that “what happened in his passion cannot be charged against all the Jews, without distinction, then alive, nor against the Jews of today”. As regarding how this issue was to be handled in catechetical instruction, it added, “The Jews should not be presented as rejected or accursed by God.” As she recalled later, \"They were 15 lines in Latin, but they changed everything. In 1974, Thering presented a menorah to Pope Paul", "title": "Rose Thering" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "organisations. The first draft, entitled \"Decretum de Iudaeis\" (\"Decree on the Jews\"), was completed in November 1961, approximately fourteen months after Pope John XXIII tasked Cardinal Augustin Bea, a Jesuit and biblical scholar, with its composition. This text was not submitted to the Council, which opened on 11 October 1962. It read: The first draft was then reworked as a supplementary fourth chapter of a \"Decree on Ecumenism\". Debate on this document, \"On the Attitude of Catholics Toward Non-Christians and Especially Toward Jews\", although distributed to the Council's Second Session on 8 November 1963, was postponed until the Third Session.", "title": "Nostra aetate" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "During the process, a civil conflict between the several Timorese political parties erupted, with the left-wing Revolutionary Front for an Independent East Timor (Fretilin) prevailing and being able to control the capital Dili, obliging the Portuguese governor and his staff to move his seat to the Atauro Island. On the 28 November 1975, Fretilin unilaterally declared the independence of the then Portuguese Timor, calling it \"República Democrática de Timor-Leste\" (Portuguese for \"Democratic Republic of East Timor\"). Portugal did not however recognized that independence, with the Portuguese governor continuing to be present and formally administering the province from Atauro, although having", "title": "East Timor (province)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "U.S. Atlantic Fleet's surface combatant ships into six core battle groups, nine destroyer squadrons and a new Western Hemisphere Group, \"Nicholson\" was reassigned to Destroyer Squadron 18. The reorganization was to be phased in over the summer and take effect on 31 August, with homeport shifts occurring through 1998. \"Nicholson\" departed the Charleston Naval Shipyard for sea trials, on 29 September 1995, following completion of an overhaul. \"Nicholson\" carried with it the distinction of being the last ship overhauled in the 94-year history of the shipyard as the Charleston Naval Shipyard was closing as a result of the base realignment", "title": "USS Nicholson (DD-982)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "6 of series 12 of \"Top Gear\" in a series of \"serious\" road tests conducted by presenter Jeremy Clarkson, from escaping 'baddies' driving a Chevrolet Corvette C6 in the Festival Place Basingstoke shopping mall, to participating in an amphibious beach assault with the Royal Marines. In its first two years since the latest generation Fiesta went on sale in October 2008, more than 940,000 Fiestas had been purchased by customers around the world, with 810,000 (86%) being sold in Europe (September 2010). There are four body styles, including three- and five-door hatchbacks, four-door saloon, and a three-door van. They are", "title": "Ford Fiesta" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "practices, and government policies Women's Voices for the Earth (WVE) began in Missoula, Montana in 1995 at a time when many environmental organizations failed to recognize women as sources of valuable environmental leadership and perspective. Subjected to discrimination on various fronts, a handful of women founded WVE as an environmental organization led by women for women. 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 & Prior WVE has conducted numerous reports concerning feminine care product, safe cleaning products, healthy salons, safe cosmetics, and chemicals to avoid. Women's Voices for the Earth Women's Voices for the Earth (WVE) is an American environmental organization", "title": "Women's Voices for the Earth" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "he was named in Sindh's squad for the 2018 Pakistan Cup. Adnan was added to the Pakistan Test squad in place of Zulqarnain Haider, who announced his retirement from international cricket after allegedly receiving threats from bookies. In the series against New Zealand he performed well to occupy his place in the future. He is Pakistan's A current wicket keeper. Adnan Akmal Adnan Akmal (; born 13 March 1985) is an international Pakistani cricketer. He is a right-handed batsman and wicket-keeper who plays for Zarai Taraqiati Bank Ltd Cricket Team and has represented his country at U-17 level. He was", "title": "Adnan Akmal" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Buber assigns dialogue a pivotal position in his theology. His most influential work is titled \"I and Thou\". Buber cherishes and promotes dialogue not as some purposive attempt to reach conclusions or express mere points of view, but as the very prerequisite of authentic relationship between man and man, and between man and God. Buber's thought centers on \"true dialogue\", which is characterized by openness, honesty, and mutual commitment. The Second Vatican Council placed a major emphasis on dialogue with the World. Most of the Council's documents involve some kind of dialogue : dialogue with other religions (\"Nostra aetate\"), dialogue", "title": "Dialogue" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "doctrinal decisions of the church are binding on a Catholic, including the Second Vatican Council and all its texts\", Koch said when asked if the SSPX would be expected to accept all the teachings of Vatican II. \"The \"Nostra aetate\" declaration of the Second Vatican Council is a clear decree and is important for every Catholic\", he added. 16 May 2012, Koch gave the Pope John Paul II Lecture on Interreligious Understanding at the Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas (\"Angelicum\"). Koch spoke on the theme of \"Building on \"Nostra aetate\": 50 Years of Christian-Jewish Dialogue\". On 30 October 2012,", "title": "Kurt Koch" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "last. By the decree \"\"Cum nostra hac aetate\" (De rubricis ad simpliciorem formam redigendis)\" of 23 March 1955 Pope Pius XII reduced the feasts previously of Simple rank to commemorations in the Office and Mass of the feast day or feria on which they fell. He considerably simplified the practice of commemorations. The relevant rules were made uniform for both Mass and the Liturgy of the Hours. The basis for some of the previous distinctions was removed by decreeing that feasts, except those of the first and second classes, would no longer, in line with the tradition of Jewish origin", "title": "Commemoration (liturgy)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jews. His work preceding the Council was focused on the Council Document Nostra Aetate which began a new era of relationship between Christians and Jews. When he retired as Abbot In Jerusalem, he journeyed to his foundation in Weston and was known as brother Leo. Other well-known community members have included ceramic artist Brother Thomas (Thomas Bezanson) and Gregory Norbet, the composer of much of the community's earlier music. Author Tomie DePaola was briefly a member in 1956. In July, 1992, the Weston Priory Community was awarded the Peace Abbey Courage of Conscience Award in Sherborn, Massachusetts for its reception", "title": "Weston Priory" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "all displays of antisemitism made at any time by anyone. The fifth part states that all men are created in God's image, and that it is contrary to the mind of Christ to discriminate against, show hatred towards or harass any person or people on the basis of colour, race, religion, and condition of life. \"Nostra aetate\" was one of Vatican II's three declarations, the other documents consisting of nine decrees and four constitutions. It was the shortest of the documents and contained few, if any, references to the debates and the rationale that had gone into its making; therefore,", "title": "Nostra aetate" } ]

[ "Cardinal Augustin Bea" ]

[ "During Vatican II, the Council Fathers avoided statements which might anger Christians of other faiths.[page needed] Cardinal Augustin Bea, the President of the Christian Unity Secretariat, always had the full support of Paul VI in his attempts to ensure that the Council language was friendly and open to the sensitivities of Protestant and Orthodox Churches, whom he had invited to all sessions at the request of Pope John XXIII. Bea also was strongly involved in the passage of Nostra aetate, which regulates the Church's relations with the Jewish faith and members of other religions.[d]" ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "Comcast Corporation and NBCUniversal Political Action Committee" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "registration. Comcast's PAC, the Comcast Corporation and NBCUniversal Political Action Committee, is the among the largest PACs in the U.S., raising about $3.7 million from 2011 to 2012 for the campaigns of various candidates for office in the United States Federal Government. Comcast is also a major backer of the National Cable and Telecommunications Association Political Action Committee, which raised $2.6 million from 2011 to 2012. Comcast spent the most money of any organization in support of the Stop Online Piracy and PROTECT IP bills, spending roughly $5 million to lobby for their passage. Comcast also backs lobbying and PACs", "title": "Comcast" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "registration. Comcast's PAC, the Comcast Corporation and NBCUniversal Political Action Committee, is the among the largest PACs in the U.S., raising about $3.7 million from 2011 to 2012 for the campaigns of various candidates for office in the United States Federal Government. Comcast is also a major backer of the National Cable and Telecommunications Association Political Action Committee, which raised $2.6 million from 2011 to 2012. Comcast spent the most money of any organization in support of the Stop Online Piracy and PROTECT IP bills, spending roughly $5 million to lobby for their passage. Comcast also backs lobbying and PACs", "title": "Comcast" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Washington Gateway Main Street Washington Gateway Main Street (WGMS) is a 501(c)(3) business development and neighborhood improvement organization. WGMS's mission is to develop and sustain the economic vitality of the commercial and residential neighborhoods along Washington Street in the South End and Lower Roxbury. In 1995, Mayor Thomas M. Menino appointed the Washington Street Task Force to begin the revitalization effort of the district. In 1997, Washington Gateway Main Street was founded by Task Force members Sheila Grove and Randi Lathrop to help implement the redevelopment plan. WGMS's initial vision was \"Washington Street will be a safe, inviting, tree-lined boulevard", "title": "Washington Gateway Main Street" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "considered at best speculative and at worst domain name warehousing. Specialist and \"repurposed\" ccTLDs have also seen elements of domain name speculation. One of the best examples is that of the .tv ccTLD which has found the fact that \"TV\" is an abbreviation for the word television to be rather lucrative. The .mobi TLD is a good example of a specialist TLD in that it is specifically targeted at mobile phones and similar mobile technology. The operators of .mobi, mTLD, have reserved some of the premium generic words which will be auctioned off. The intent is to create a more", "title": "Domain name speculation" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Trespass in English law Trespass in English law is an area of tort law broadly divided into three groups: trespass to the person, trespass to goods and trespass to land. Trespass to the person comes in three variants: assault, which is \"to act in such a way that the claimant believes he is about to be attacked\"; battery, \"the intentional and direct application of force to another person\"; and false imprisonment, \"depriving the claimant of freedom of movement, without a lawful justification for doing so\". All three require that the act be a direct and intentional act, with indirect or", "title": "Trespass in English law" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "songs covered on the collection while the Eagles were the only group to share that distinction. A promotional version was also released featuring not only the commercially released version of the album, but also a second version featuring each recording in its original incarnation. Another promotional release was a five-song EP consisting of songs from the album redone by John Oswald using his Plunderphonics techniques. The EP's first track, \"O'Hell\", combined snippets of the original version of \"Hello, I Love You\", the cover by The Cure contained on this release, plus 17 other songs by The Doors. The double album", "title": "Rubáiyát: Elektra's 40th Anniversary" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "of the company, by constantly having their areas replanted following the timber being cut. Using the companies Chief Forester, T.R. Moberg, the company began selective harvesting. D.K. Bemis pioneered the school forest idea, which is now widespread. Beginning in the late 1930s, school children were asked to assist in the replanting of trees, as a part of their school's education program. By the 1950s many of these children would see at least one cutting of the timber they planted. Due to this modern thinking, the company thrived. Companies of the past had cut over all virgin timber, then moved on", "title": "Ozan Lumber Company" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Africa Action Africa Action is a nonprofit organization that is based in Washington, D.C., working to change U.S.–Africa relations to promote political, economic and social justice in nations of Africa. They provide accessible information and analysis, and mobilize popular support for campaigns to achieve this mission. Africa Action is the name the organization adopted in 2001, after three organizations, the American Committee on Africa, the Africa Fund, and the Africa Policy Information Center, merged. The American Committee on Africa (ACOA) was founded in New York City in 1953 by George Houser and other activists. It was created by a group", "title": "Africa Action" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Club for Growth The Club for Growth is a 501(c)(4) conservative organization active in the United States, with an agenda focused on cutting taxes and other economic issues. The Club has two political arms: an affiliated traditional political action committee, called the Club for Growth PAC, and Club for Growth Action, an independent-expenditure only committee or Super-PAC. According to its website, the Club for Growth's policy goals include cutting income tax rates, repealing the estate tax, supporting limited government and a balanced budget amendment, entitlement reform, free trade, tort reform, school choice, and deregulation. The group has opposed government action", "title": "Club for Growth" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "PAC was stripped of its status as a recognized Political Action Committee for failure to meet reporting requirements. The PUMA PAC registered as a non-affiliated political action committee (PAC) with the Federal Election Commission and organized as a 527 Organization with the IRS in June 2008. PUMA's founders state that the group originated out of online comments of a group of Clinton supporters on a pro-Clinton blog, \"The Confluence,\" which was created by New Jersey biochemist and former John Edwards supporter Riverdaughter, who had been recently banned from a pro-Obama liberal blog. The website ClintonsForMcCain.com was, however, registered by the", "title": "People United Means Action" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Human Action (political action committee) Human Action is a political action committee (a super-PAC specifically) set up to raise money for candidates that support an Austrian School economic philosophy. It filed papers with the Federal Election Commission in December 2012, and supports the campaigns of Senator Rand Paul and the judge and former Fox News Channel host Andrew Napolitano. Anthony Astolfi, the organisation's co-founder, has said they intend to support a campaign for Senator Paul to run for president. Astolfi has previously worked on the presidential campaign for Ron Paul in 2008, as well as the Senate campaign of Todd", "title": "Human Action (political action committee)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "WEYW-LP WEYW-LP is a television station in Key West, Florida affiliated with The Action Channel. Owned by the Bellizzi Broadcasting Network, WEYW broadcasts on digital UHF channel 19, from its studio and transmitter site near the corner of 5th Street and MacDonald Avenue in Stock Island, in addition to a satellite studio in North Miami. WEYW is also seen on cable on Comcast channel 87 in Monroe County and AT&T U-Verse channel 19 in Miami-Dade, Broward and Monroe Counties. In addition to Tuff TV programming, WEYW broadcasts approximately 22 hours per week of locally produced programming, such as boating and", "title": "WEYW-LP" } ]

[ "Comcast Corporation and NBCUniversal Political Action Committee" ]

[ "With $18.8 million spent in 2013, Comcast has the seventh largest lobbying budget of any individual company or organization in the United States. Comcast employs multiple former US Congressmen as lobbyists. The National Cable & Telecommunications Association, which has multiple Comcast executives on its board, also represents Comcast and other cable companies as the fifth largest lobbying organization in the United States, spending $19.8 million in 2013. Comcast was among the top backers of Barack Obama's presidential runs, with Comcast vice president David Cohen raising over $2.2 million from 2007 to 2012. Cohen has been described by many sources as influential in the US government, though he is no longer a registered lobbyist, as the time he spends lobbying falls short of the 20% which requires official registration. Comcast's PAC, the Comcast Corporation and NBCUniversal Political Action Committee, is the among the largest PACs in the US, raising about $3.7 million from 2011-2012 for the campaigns of various candidates for office in the United States Federal Government. Comcast is also a major backer of the National Cable and Telecommunications Association Political Action Committee, which raised $2.6 million from 2011-2012. Comcast spent the most money of any organization in support of the Stop Online Piracy and PROTECT IP bills, spending roughly $5 million to lobby for their passage." ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "the conclusion British morale was unlikely to break" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "sea communications in conjunction with the \"Kriegsmarine\". First, the difficulty in estimating the impact of bombing upon war production was becoming apparent, and second, the conclusion British morale was unlikely to break led \"OKL\" to adopt the naval option. The indifference displayed by \"OKL\" to Directive 23 was perhaps best demonstrated in operational directives which diluted its effect. They emphasised the core strategic interest was attacking ports but they insisted in maintaining pressure, or diverting strength, onto industries building aircraft, anti-aircraft guns, and explosives. Other targets would be considered if the primary ones could not be attacked because of weather", "title": "The Blitz" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "WAGR Q class The WAGR Q class was a two-member class of 4-6-0 steam locomotives operated by the Public Works Department (PWD) and later Western Australian Government Railways (WAGR) between 1928 and 1953. In November 1927, the PWD's Railway Construction Branch awarded a tender to Andrew Barclay Sons & Co., Kilmarnock for two 4-6-0 locomotives. Both locomotives entered service with the PWD on 31 July 1928 named \"Wiluna\" and \"Nornalup\" after contemporary construction projects. On 5 January 1931, responsibility for the Railway Construction Branch of the PWD was transferred to the WAGR, with both included and numbered Q62 and Q63.", "title": "WAGR Q class" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "P.C Cherian worked together to make the school to be one of the top schools in Kerala ), Very Rev. A A Pylee, old student as well as one of the Vicars General of the Church stands testimony to this fact. The school at Keezhillam developed to be a High School in 1947 with a well- managed boarding home. Rev K.C Paily was the boarding master for a long time and Rev. P.C. Cherian became the Head Master Rev. C T Mathew (Mar Athanasius) moved to Perumbavoor seeing the need of that area. He was supported by a small group", "title": "Mathews Mar Athanasius Episcopa" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "team. It was further announced that the Redblacks would have a bye for the first week of the regular season and then play away games at Edmonton and Winnipeg before their home opener in Week 4 on July 18 against the Toronto Argonauts. These arrangements were made to accommodate for any delays that might be incurred due to the construction of TD Place Stadium. This was the Redblacks' inaugural season in the Canadian Football League. 2014 Ottawa Redblacks season The 2014 Ottawa Redblacks season was the first season for the team in the Canadian Football League. The Redblacks are the", "title": "2014 Ottawa Redblacks season" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "to statistically test hypotheses about the factors that affect shape. \"Morphometrics\", in the broader sense, is also used to precisely locate certain areas of organs such as the brain, and in describing the shapes of other things. Three general approaches to form are usually distinguished: traditional morphometrics, landmark-based morphometrics and outline-based morphometrics. Traditional morphometrics analyzes lengths, widths, masses, angles, ratios and areas. In general, traditional morphometric data are measurements of size. A drawback of using many measurements of size is that most will be highly correlated; as a result, there are few independent variables despite the many measurements. For instance,", "title": "Morphometrics" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "park layout. The avenue linking the bandstand to the Memorial Gates walkway has Queen Palms (Syagrus romanzoffiana), Cabbage Palms (Livistona australis) and Chinese Fan Palms (Livistona chinensis), some of which appear to be evident in early photographs. The avenue running south from the bandstand to the corner of River Road and Young Street contains paired Bumpy Ash (Flindersia schottiana) trees, alternated with various species of palm. Lining the walkway heading east from the bandstand are paired Jacarandas and other trees including a large Weeping Fig (Ficus benjamina). Other individual and grouped specimen trees are found throughout the park. Some notable", "title": "Gympie Memorial Park" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "to reschooling former racehorses and matching them to new homes, opened at the Kentucky Horse Park. In 2010, Chenery developed the Secretariat Vox Populi (\"voice of the people\") Award, which is voted for by racing fans. It is intended to acknowledge \"the horse whose popularity and racing excellence best resounded with the American public and gained recognition for Thoroughbred racing.\" The consideration of the racing fan's engagement is what distinguishes the Vox Populi award from others. The first honoree in 2010 was Zenyatta, that year's Horse of the Year, while the second award went to Rapid Redux, a former claimer", "title": "Secretariat (horse)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Do Without You?\" is a song taken from the Stephen Sondheim musical, \"Company\". What Would We Do Without You? \"What Would We Do Without You?\" is the 69th episode of the ABC television series \"Desperate Housewives\". It was also the twenty-second episode of the show's third season. It was written by Bob Daily and directed by Larry Shaw. The episode aired on May 13, 2007. Ricardo Antonio Chavira submitted this episode for consideration on his behalf in the category of \"Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series\" at the 2007 Emmy Awards. Mike and Susan go out to dinner, the", "title": "What Would We Do Without You?" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Appeals for the Second Circuit was in favor of \"Monty Python\", finding the cuts might be an \"actionable mutilation\" that violated the Lanham Act. In the United States, copyright was covered by common law until it was formalized in the Copyright Act of 1976. Section §107 of this act set out four \"fair use\" principles to be used in evaluating whether copyright had been infringed: These principles apply both to literal copies and to paraphrases. Judges are required to consider these factors, but may also take others into consideration, and may choose what weight they apply to each factor. According", "title": "Paraphrasing of copyrighted material" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Clause-by-clause consideration Clause-by-clause consideration is the consideration of a bill (a legislative proposal) on an in-depth basis, considering each clause in a separate division of debate. This phase of consideration is generally seen to be the most scrutinous and technical in nature. Clause-by-clause consideration in the Canadian federal parliament takes place in a committee designated to study the bill in question. Generally speaking, clause-by-clause consideration in committee takes place in-between the second and third readings of the bill; however, the House of Commons (or the Senate, as the case may be) do have the authority to refer a bill to", "title": "Clause-by-clause consideration" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "averaging time t: This inequality is called the Second Law Inequality. This inequality can be proved for systems with time dependent fields of arbitrary magnitude and arbitrary time dependence. It is important to understand what the Second Law Inequality does not imply. It does not imply that the ensemble averaged entropy production is non-negative at all times. This is untrue, as consideration of the entropy production in a viscoelastic fluid subject to a sinusoidal time dependent shear rate shows. In this example the ensemble average of the time integral of the entropy production over one cycle is however nonnegative -", "title": "Fluctuation theorem" } ]

[ "the conclusion British morale was unlikely to break" ]

[ "Even so, the decision by OKL to support the strategy in Directive 23 was instigated by two considerations, both of which had little to do with wanting to destroy Britain's sea communications in conjunction with the Kriegsmarine. First, the difficulty in estimating the impact of bombing upon war production was becoming apparent, and second, the conclusion British morale was unlikely to break led OKL to adopt the naval option. The indifference displayed by OKL to Directive 23 was perhaps best demonstrated in operational directives which diluted its effect. They emphasised the core strategic interest was attacking ports but they insisted in maintaining pressure, or diverting strength, onto industries building aircraft, anti-aircraft guns, and explosives. Other targets would be considered if the primary ones could not be attacked because of weather conditions." ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "the Nationalists" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "the mid-19th century, U.S. support for the Nationalists during the Chinese Civil War, and the ideological struggles between revolutionaries and reactionaries, the Chinese leadership believed that China would become a critical battleground in the United States' crusade against Communism. As a countermeasure and to elevate China's standing among the worldwide Communist movements, the Chinese leadership adopted a foreign policy that actively promoted Communist revolutions throughout territories on China's periphery. By 1949, South Korean forces had reduced the active number of communist guerrillas in the South from 5,000 to 1,000. However, Kim Il-sung believed that the guerrillas weakened the South Korean", "title": "Korean War" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Battle of Shangcai Battle of Shangcai was a series of clashes fought between the nationalists and the communists during Chinese Civil War in the post World War II era, and resulted in the communist victory. The battle is also called the Blocking Actions at Shangcai (上蔡阻击战) by the communists, who launched the battle to support their Eastern Hennan Campaign, with intention to prevent the nationalist force from reinforce their comrades-in-arms fighting the Eastern Hennan Campaign. During the first half of the Chinese Civil War, communists lacked the necessary weaponry to destroy large formations of nationalist troops who were stationed in", "title": "Battle of Shangcai" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "resulted in the ROC government losing the support of the cities' middle classes. In the meantime, the Communists continued their relentless land reform (land redistribution) programs to win the support of the population in the countryside. Conflicts in the Chinese Civil War in the post-World War II era are listed chronologically by the starting dates. During the war both the Nationalists and Communists carried out mass atrocities, with millions of non-combatants deliberately killed by both sides. Benjamin Valentino has estimated atrocities in the Chinese Civil War resulted in the death of between 1.8 million and 3.5 million people between 1927", "title": "Chinese Civil War" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "could speak with the CPC leadership. Like Hurley, Marshall failed to develop a lasting compromise, and the Civil War resumed. Truman then sent another representative to China, General Albert Wedemeyer, who had commanded U.S. troops in China during the war, on a fact finding mission. Again, the Dixie Mission in Yan'an hosted the presidential mission. Wedemeyer reported that U.S. interests were best served by continued support for the Nationalist government, but Truman suppressed the report because he was waiting to see who would win and refused to expand aid the Nationalists so as to avoid involvement in the Chinese Civil", "title": "Dixie Mission" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Battle of Nanpeng Archipelago The Battle of Nanpeng Archipelago was a battle fought between the Chinese nationalists and the communists over the islands of the Nanpeng Archipelago off the Cantonese coast during the Chinese Civil War that resulted in communist victory. The Nanpeng Archipelago is a small island chain in Nan'ao County off the coast of Shantou, and is named after the largest island, Nanpeng island (Nánpēng Dǎo, 南澎岛), home to a fishing community of more than 400 people. The archipelago was deemed not important for most of the Chinese Civil War and the nationalists therefore did not deploy any", "title": "Battle of Nanpeng Archipelago" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "the mid-19th century, U.S. support for the Nationalists during the Chinese Civil War, and the ideological struggles between revolutionaries and reactionaries, the Chinese leadership believed that China would become a critical battleground in the United States' crusade against Communism. As a countermeasure and to elevate China's standing among the worldwide Communist movements, the Chinese leadership adopted a foreign policy that actively promoted Communist revolutions throughout territories on China's periphery. By 1949, South Korean forces had reduced the active number of communist guerrillas in the South from 5,000 to 1,000. However, Kim Il-sung believed that the guerrillas weakened the South Korean", "title": "Korean War" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "in 1950. They included many Japanese soldiers as well as Chinese such as Puyi and Zhang Jinghui. Those held in Taiyuan included Japanese soldiers who after the end of the Second Sino-Japanese War had joined the Nationalists and fought against the communists during the Chinese Civil War. In contrast with their time in Siberia, Japanese POWs were given better treatment from the Chinese communists. However, a long-term \"crime recognition campaign\" was imposed at the same time on those soldiers who were believed to have undertaken, supported, and witnessed Japan's numerous and inhumane criminal acts during the war. This involved them", "title": "Association of Returnees from China" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "was praised by Chinese resistance fighters. During the Cold War, the Chinese government classified citizens who collaborated with a hostile foreign power as hanjians. \"Hanjian\" is a more specific term than the generic \"traitor\" because a \"hanjian\" collaborates with an external power which is neither Han nor Chinese, whereas a traitor collaborates with any enemy. During the Chinese Civil War (1927–1950), the Nationalists and Communists accused each other of being hanjians collaborating with the Americans and Soviets respectively. Popularly, most hanjian in Chinese films and drama series, skits, Hanjian are mostly the translators. Sometimes they are also called the \"er", "title": "Hanjian" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 293 ANBL games over 10 seasons, he averaged 5.2 points, 4.9 rebounds, 1.0 assists and 1.1 blocks per game. Cooper also played two more years in the New Zealand NBL (2005 with Manawatu, and 2009 with the Hawke's Bay Hawks), and spent six years playing in the South Australian State League for the Norwood Flames between 2006 and 2011. In 2012, Cooper became an assistant coach for the Norwood Flames. He became head coach the following year, winning Central ABL Coach of the Year honours in 2014. David Cooper (basketball) David Cooper (born 15 October 1976) is an Australian", "title": "David Cooper (basketball)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "and \"Johan på snippen\" (Johan on the snippet of land). In America it was recorded by Lydia Hedberg in 1925 and Olle i Skratthult in 1927. The song commonly known as \"Johan på snippen\" was first published in 1922. It had music by Gaston René Wahlberg and words by Skånska Lasse (Theodor Larsson). The two men never met. Wahlberg, who was an engineer by profession, lived in Örebro in the province of Närke. When the iron industry flourished in the mining region of Bergslagen, people would come to Örebro to do business at \"Hindersmässan\" (The St. Henry’s Fair), an annual", "title": "Theodor Larsson" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "philosophy into living speech and the practice of life. It was thus necessary to refrain from writing and to live in harmony with nature, family and neighbour. August Ludwig Hülsen August Ludwig Hülsen (pseudonym: Hegekern; 3 March 1765 – 24 September 1809) was a German philosopher, writer and pedagogue of early German Romanticism. His thought played a role in the development of German Idealism. Hülsen was born in Aken. As a private tutor, active in Görtzke bei Ziesar, he was able to meet Friedrich de la Motte Fouqué, an important writer of German romanticism. In 1794 he enrolled for the", "title": "August Ludwig Hülsen" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "the region maintain their own individual identities, separate from Newcastle. The demonym for the people of Newcastle is \"Novocastrian\", derived from Latin \"novus\" (new) and \"castra\" (castle or fort). A heritage area to the east of the Central Business District, centred on Christ Church Cathedral, has many Victorian terrace houses. Notable structures in Newcastle include Fort Scratchley and the ANZAC Walk. The oldest state school in the area is Newcastle East Public School, a primary school established in 1816. Newcastle East Public School is the oldest continuously operating school in Australia, and celebrated its bicentenary in 2016. Newcastle High School,", "title": "Newcastle, New South Wales" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "service could be used for many hours. The \"ML\" in the CKML callsign refers to Mark Ling of Chalk River Laboratories. CKML CKML is a 50-watt radio station owned by Atomic Energy of Canada Limited through licensee \"The Security Systems Coordinator, Chalk River Laboratories\" that operates at 530 kHz in Chalk River, Ontario, Canada. The station is designed solely to broadcast emergency information in event of an accident at the laboratory. The station was approved by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) in 1998. CKML, is not considered as a continuous broadcasting station. The service is tested for one", "title": "CKML" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Confederate colonies Confederate colonies were made up of refugees from the Confederate States of America who fled the United States after the Union won the American Civil War (1861–1865). They settled in many Latin American countries like Brazil and Mexico. Many Southerners had lost their land during the war and were unwilling to live under the government of the United States of America. They did not expect an improvement in the South's economic position. Most of the emigrants were from the states of Alabama, Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Georgia, South Carolina, and Missouri. No one has determined how many American southerners", "title": "Confederate colonies" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "She made only two public appearances during the Civil War (1861—1865): to attend the founding convention of the Women's Loyal National League and the celebration of the thirtieth anniversary of the American Anti-Slavery Society, both in 1863. Stone began to increase her reform activities back to a normal level after the Civil War had ended. As a lifelong believer in nonresistance, Stone could not support the war effort as so many of her friends did. She could certainly support the drive to end slavery, however, which the war had made into a realistic possibility. In 1863, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and", "title": "Lucy Stone" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "with the remnants of the Republic of China and Chen persistently refused his offer. He died in 1969 of stomach cancer. Chen Shaokuan Chen Shaokuan (; October 7, 1889 – July 30, 1969) was a Chinese Fleet Admiral who served as the senior commander of Chinese naval forces of the National Revolutionary Army during the Second Sino-Japanese War and World War II. He was relieved from duty by Jiang Jieshi in 1949 after unsuccessfully attempting to request for peaceful conclusions to conflicts during the Chinese Civil War and budget for building aircraft carriers for the Republic of China navy. Towards", "title": "Chen Shaokuan" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Civil War. By 1949, however, the United States became concerned about the spread of communism in Asia, particularly following the end of the Chinese Civil War, and began to strongly support the French as the two countries were bound by the Cold War Mutual Defense Programme. After the Moch–Marshall meeting of September 23, 1950, in Washington, the United States started to support the French Union effort politically, logistically and financially. Officially, US involvement did not include use of armed force. However, recently it has been discovered that undercover (CAT)—or not—US Air Force pilots flew to support the French during Operation", "title": "First Indochina War" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "began to migrate overseas to Europe and North America. 1963 statistics from the Republic of China on Taiwan's Overseas Chinese Affairs Commission showed just 450 registered overseas Chinese remaining on the island. However, in the late 1990s and early 2000s, with the easing of immigration regulations, a new wave of Chinese migrants came to Sri Lanka to try their luck in small businesses, braving the violence of the civil war. These new migrants established various community organisations, including a football team. No Chinese people are known to have been killed in the civil war violence, but there was a close", "title": "Chinese people in Sri Lanka" } ]

[ "the Nationalists" ]

[ "After the formation of the People's Republic of China in 1949, the Chinese government named the Western nations, led by the United States, as the biggest threat to its national security. Basing this judgment on China's century of humiliation beginning in the early 19th century, American support for the Nationalists during the Chinese Civil War, and the ideological struggles between revolutionaries and reactionaries, the Chinese leadership believed that China would become a critical battleground in the United States' crusade against Communism. As a countermeasure and to elevate China's standing among the worldwide Communist movements, the Chinese leadership adopted a foreign policy that actively promoted Communist revolutions throughout territories on China's periphery." ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "by soaking it in water" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "\"mash ingredients\", in a beer provides the fermentable material and is a key determinant of the strength and flavour of the beer. The most common starch source used in beer is malted grain. Grain is malted by soaking it in water, allowing it to begin germination, and then drying the partially germinated grain in a kiln. Malting grain produces enzymes that convert starches in the grain into fermentable sugars. Different roasting times and temperatures are used to produce different colours of malt from the same grain. Darker malts will produce darker beers. Nearly all beer includes barley malt as the", "title": "Beer" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "\"mash ingredients\", in a beer provides the fermentable material and is a key determinant of the strength and flavour of the beer. The most common starch source used in beer is malted grain. Grain is malted by soaking it in water, allowing it to begin germination, and then drying the partially germinated grain in a kiln. Malting grain produces enzymes that convert starches in the grain into fermentable sugars. Different roasting times and temperatures are used to produce different colours of malt from the same grain. Darker malts will produce darker beers. Nearly all beer includes barley malt as the", "title": "Beer" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "making pale ale to such a degree that brewers of pale ales will add gypsum to the local water in a process known as Burtonisation. The starch source in a beer provides the fermentable material and is a key determinant of the strength and flavour of the beer. The most common starch source used in beer is malted grain. Grain is malted by soaking it in water, allowing it to begin germination, and then drying the partially germinated grain in a kiln. Malting grain produces enzymes that will allow conversion from starches in the grain into fermentable sugars during the", "title": "Brewing" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "6 km ), Amshipora ( 6 km ), Gagren ( 8 km ) are the nearby Villages to Kaprin. Anantnag , Srinagar , Rajauri , Poonch , Shopian district , Kulgam are the nearby Districts to Kaprin. This Place is in the border of the Shopian District and Kulgam District. Aharbal waterfall is a nearby major sightseeing destination. Kaprin Kaprin is a Tehsil in the Shopian district of Jammu and Kashmir. The people of the town have very high religious & moral values. Islam is the only religion followed. It has been a hub of education from the early days", "title": "Kaprin" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hayes has said of him, \"I don't think anyone has a clue what he's meant to be.\" The character retains a cult following among those who watched the show as a child, and is overwhelmingly the most famous character from the show. Zippy claims to be the best at whatever is being discussed, and always claims to be right. He loves to eat sweets, sing songs and tell his favourite jokes, and always has to be the centre of attention. For example, the other characters might be having a discussion, when Zippy would shout: \"But I don't want to talk,", "title": "Zippy (Rainbow)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "also known as CTP2 or the October 2005 CTP, was released to MSDN subscribers and Microsoft Beta Testers on October 17, 2005. This \"Ultimate\" build introduced Windows Media Player version 11. An updated volume control utility has been added, that can control the volume level of every running program. Build 5259 (built on November 17, 2005) was released to Microsoft Technology Adoption Program (TAP) members on November 22, 2005. It was originally announced to be released on November 18 as a November CTP. Microsoft cancelled the November CTP due to its instability, however, and released this build only to TAP", "title": "Development of Windows Vista" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "per picture always lowers coding efficiency, and FMO can further impact it. The more spread out the slices are, the worse it becomes, with checkerboard patterns (see Scattered Slices below) being the worst. The goals of spreading out errors and coding efficiency are directly in conflict. FMO allows inter prediction for immediate neighboring slices in the same group, effectively making a contiguous region nearly act like a single slice; in some situations, where slice groups are shaped into a Region of Interest, it can actually slightly improve efficiency over simple standard slices, but the benefit is rare and small. Due", "title": "Flexible Macroblock Ordering" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "are dissolved in water, whereas the agents used in condensed aerosols are microscopic solids. In 2015, researchers from George Mason University announced that high volume sound with low bass frequencies in the 30 to 60 hertz range drives oxygen away from the combustion surface, extinguishing the fire, a principle was previously tested by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). One proposed application is to extinguish fires in outer space, with none of the clean-up required for mass-based systems. Most countries in the world require regular fire extinguisher maintenance by a competent person to operate safely and effectively, as part", "title": "Fire extinguisher" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "generally known, although time intensive, process using predominantly malted barley or oats. The ale trade in all of England was predominantly regulated by the Assize of Bread and Ale, \"which linked the price of ale to the price of grain and which ordained public checks on the quality of the brew.\" Operating outside of this regulation was forbidden and handled severely by the courts. Public records in the Medieval period before the Black Death include regulation legislation that treat brewing as a solely female profession, indicating that brewing ale was dominated by women. This female dominance of the trade likely", "title": "Alewife (trade)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "a type of beer that contains a mix of millet and sorghum known as Shakparo. A form of millet beer is also produced by the Ainu. Millet kernels are soaked in warm water until they sprout, with the goal to increase the content of maltose in the grain. The millet is then dried out to arrest the germination process. The malted grain is then pulverized and mixed with water. This mixture is commonly known as \"wort\". The wort is later boiled in order to remove any potential bacterial threat. Once the boiling process is complete and the wort cools down", "title": "Millet beer" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "grain from chaff. Racine also had its share of captains of industry, including J. I. Case (heavy equipment), S. C. Johnson & Son (cleaning and chemical products), and Arthur B. Modine (Heat Exchangers). Racine's harbor was central to the shipping industry in Wisconsin in the late 19th century. Racine was also an early car manufacturing center. One of the world's first automobiles was built there in 1871 or 1872 by Dr. J. W. Cathcart, as was the Pennington Victoria tricycle, the Mitchell, and the Case. In 1887, malted milk was invented in Racine by English immigrant William Horlick, and Horlicks", "title": "Racine, Wisconsin" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Single malt whisky Single malt whisky is malt whisky from a single distillery, that is, whisky distilled from a fermented mash made with malted barley, as distinguished from unmalted grain. Single malts are typically associated with single malt Scotch, though they are also produced in various other countries. Under Scotch Whisky Regulations, a \"Single Malt Scotch Whisky\" must be made exclusively from malted barley (although the addition of E150A caramel colouring is allowed), must be distilled using pot stills at a single distillery, and must be aged for at least three years in oak casks of a capacity not exceeding", "title": "Single malt whisky" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Malted milk Malted milk is a powdered gruel made from a mixture of malted barley, wheat flour, and evaporated whole milk. The powder is used to add its distinctive flavor to beverages and other foods, but it is also used in baking to help the dough cook properly. Malt powder comes in two forms: diastatic and nondiastatic. Diastatic malt contains enzymes that break down starch into sugar; this is the form bakers add to bread dough to help the dough rise and create a certain crust. Nondiastatic malt, on the other hand, has no active enzymes and is used primarily", "title": "Malted milk" } ]

[ "by soaking it in water" ]

[ "The starch source in a beer provides the fermentable material and is a key determinant of the strength and flavour of the beer. The most common starch source used in beer is malted grain. Grain is malted by soaking it in water, allowing it to begin germination, and then drying the partially germinated grain in a kiln. Malting grain produces enzymes that convert starches in the grain into fermentable sugars. Different roasting times and temperatures are used to produce different colours of malt from the same grain. Darker malts will produce darker beers." ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "the Commons Select Committee on East Indian Affairs" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "trial was the pinnacle of years of unrest and deliberation. In 1781 Burke was first able to delve into the issues surrounding the East India Company when he was appointed Chairman of the Commons Select Committee on East Indian Affairs—from that point until the end of the trial; India was Burke's primary concern. This committee was charged \"to investigate alleged injustices in Bengal, the war with Hyder Ali, and other Indian difficulties\". While Burke and the committee focused their attention on these matters, a second 'secret' committee was formed to assess the same issues. Both committee reports were written by", "title": "Edmund Burke" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "trial was the pinnacle of years of unrest and deliberation. In 1781 Burke was first able to delve into the issues surrounding the East India Company when he was appointed Chairman of the Commons Select Committee on East Indian Affairs—from that point until the end of the trial; India was Burke's primary concern. This committee was charged \"to investigate alleged injustices in Bengal, the war with Hyder Ali, and other Indian difficulties\". While Burke and the committee focused their attention on these matters, a second 'secret' committee was formed to assess the same issues. Both committee reports were written by", "title": "Edmund Burke" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "film \"Dau\" (\"\") based on the biography of the physicist Lev Landau. Currentzis has won the National Theatre Award \"Golden Mask\" four times: Teodor Currentzis Teodor Currentzis (; ; born February 24, 1972) is a Greek-Russian conductor, musician and actor. Currentzis was born in Athens, and at age 4 began to take piano lessons. At age 7, he began violin lessons. He entered the National Conservatory, Athens at the age of 12, in the violin department. In 1987, aged 15, he began composition studies under Professor George Hadjinikos, and then in 1989 under Professor B. Shreck. From 1994 to 1999,", "title": "Teodor Currentzis" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Harvard Business School in 1981. Between 1978 and 1980 Edsel ran sales and marketing at Ford Australia. As a board member of Ford, Edsel is active in company affairs and corporate dealer relations. He was named president and chief operating officer of Ford Motor Credit Company in 1991, and elected a Ford Vice President in 1993. Edsel purchased Pentastar Aviation in 2001. Ford is married to Cynthia Layne Neskow and they have four sons: Edsel Ford is the chairman of the boards of the Edsel and Eleanor Ford House in Grosse Pointe Shores, Michigan and the Henry Ford Estate -", "title": "Edsel Ford II" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "National Salvation Front (Romania) The National Salvation Front (, FSN) is the name of a political organization that was the governing body of Romania in the first weeks after the Romanian Revolution in 1989. It subsequently became a political party, and won the 1990 election under the leadership of then-President Ion Iliescu. In 1992, some members of the Front, including President Iliescu, broke away from it, forming the Democratic National Salvation Front. In 1993 the remaining FSN was renamed as the Democratic Party. The National Salvation Front is the common ancestor of two of the largest active political parties in", "title": "National Salvation Front (Romania)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "the University of Music and Performing Arts, Vienna and Salzburg University. He began his career as an arts administrator by serving as the artistic director of the International Bruckner Festival in Linz from 1990-98. He served as the deputy director of the International Beethoven Festival in Bonn from 1999-2003. In 2004, he became the director of the Carinthischer Sommer. As a composer, Schlee has written works in all forms which have been widely performed and recorded by ensembles such as the Vienna Symphony Orchestra and the Warsaw Philharmonic. As an organist, he has made many recordings which have won awards", "title": "Thomas Daniel Schlee" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "December 1896 and in December of that year, the firm became a private limited company named Maclay & Company, Limited. Maclays ales won medals at Vienna in 1894, Newcastle in 1898 and Paris in 1900. Despite the renown of their Oat Malt Stout, the change in fashion away from dark beers led to difficulties for the company in the 1990s and brewing at the Thistle Brewery ceased in 1999. In 2001 the company ceased using the buildings as their office base. The Thistle brewery has since been demolished and replaced by retail units and flats. Only part of the brewery", "title": "Maclays Brewery" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1919, Burke, as superintendent of Catholic education on the island and his Methodist counterpart on the CHE, Levi Curtis, co-sponsored a resolution of the Patriotic Association urging the Newfoundland government to build a training school as a memorial to those who died during World War I. As part of the CHE's effort to create the university, Burke arranged a grant of $300,000 from the Carnegie Corporation. He was convenor of Memorial's first Board of Governors in 1925 when the college was established and was chairman of the board from 1936 to 1951. In 1920, the government of Sir Richard", "title": "Vincent Burke" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "know what to say, and never saw the girl again. She says she wished she had said \"me too.\" Burke has said she came to believe young girls needed \"different attention\" than their male peers. This and other incidents led Burke to found Just Be Inc., an organization that promotes the wellness of young female minorities aged 12–18. In 2006, she made a Myspace page. Just Be Inc. received its first grant in 2007. In 2006, Burke founded the Me Too movement and began using the phrase \"Me Too\" to raise awareness of the pervasiveness of sexual abuse and assault", "title": "Tarana Burke" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "characters. A character's stress on one element over the others suggests their world view. Burke introduced the pentad in his 1945 book \"A Grammar of Motives\". Burke based his pentad on the scholastic hexameter which defines \"questions to be answered in the treatment of a topic: Who, what, where, by what means, why, how, when\". Burke created the pentad by combining several of the categories in the scholastic hexameter. The result was a pentad that has the five categories of: act, scene, agent, agency, and purpose. Burke states, \"The 'who' is obviously covered by agent. Scene covers the 'where' and", "title": "Dramatistic pentad" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Daniel Burke (executive) Daniel Burke (February 4, 1929 – October 26, 2011) was an American television executive. Originally from Albany, New York, Burke served in the Korean War, later earning his Bachelor's degree from the University of Vermont and his MBA from Harvard University. He worked for General Foods in Albany for five years after leaving Harvard before joining Capital Cities. In 2011, the \"Los Angeles Times\" called Burke one of the \"architects of the modern television industry.\" With Capital Cities Chairman Tom Murphy, Burke spearheaded the $3.5 billion acquisition of the American Broadcasting Company in 1986 by Capital Cities,", "title": "Daniel Burke (executive)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "signed for Hull Kingston Rovers on loan for the 2015 season, making 21 appearances throughout the season. Greg made his Salford début or rather \"baptism of fire\" live on sky sports on the 14th June 2018 against his previous club \"Winless Vikings\". With the game tied at 12-12 a cut out pass via talisman Robert Lui found Greg in space to power under the posts for what proved to be a début match winning try. Greg Burke (rugby league) Greg Burke is a rugby league footballer who plays as a or for the Salford Red Devils in the European Super", "title": "Greg Burke (rugby league)" } ]

[ "the Commons Select Committee on East Indian Affairs" ]

[ "For years Burke pursued impeachment efforts against Warren Hastings, formerly Governor-General of Bengal, that resulted in the trial during 1786. His interaction with the British dominion of India began well before Hastings' impeachment trial. For two decades prior to the impeachment, Parliament had dealt with the Indian issue. This trial was the pinnacle of years of unrest and deliberation. In 1781 Burke was first able to delve into the issues surrounding the East India Company when he was appointed Chairman of the Commons Select Committee on East Indian Affairs—from that point until the end of the trial; India was Burke's primary concern. This committee was charged \"to investigate alleged injustices in Bengal, the war with Hyder Ali, and other Indian difficulties\". While Burke and the committee focused their attention on these matters, a second 'secret' committee was formed to assess the same issues. Both committee reports were written by Burke. Among other purposes, the reports conveyed to the Indian princes that Britain would not wage war on them, along with demanding that the HEIC recall Hastings. This was Burke's first call for substantive change regarding imperial practices. When addressing the whole House of Commons regarding the committee report, Burke described the Indian issue as one that \"began 'in commerce' but 'ended in empire.'\"" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "Chancellor Otto von Bismarck" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "would have significantly strengthened the Prussian military. In Prussia, some officials considered a war against France both inevitable and necessary to arouse German nationalism in those states that would allow the unification of a great German empire. This aim was epitomized by Prussian Chancellor Otto von Bismarck's later statement: \"I did not doubt that a Franco-German war must take place before the construction of a United Germany could be realised.\" Bismarck also knew that France should be the aggressor in the conflict to bring the southern German states to side with Prussia, hence giving Germans numerical superiority. He was convinced", "title": "Franco-Prussian War" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "would have significantly strengthened the Prussian military. In Prussia, some officials considered a war against France both inevitable and necessary to arouse German nationalism in those states that would allow the unification of a great German empire. This aim was epitomized by Prussian Chancellor Otto von Bismarck's later statement: \"I did not doubt that a Franco-German war must take place before the construction of a United Germany could be realised.\" Bismarck also knew that France should be the aggressor in the conflict to bring the southern German states to side with Prussia, hence giving Germans numerical superiority. He was convinced", "title": "Franco-Prussian War" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Franco-Prussian War The Franco-Prussian War or Franco-German War (, ), often referred to in France as the War of 1870, was a conflict between the Second French Empire and later the Third French Republic, and the German states of the North German Confederation led by the Kingdom of Prussia. Lasting from 19 July 1871, the conflict was caused by Prussian ambitions to extend German unification and French fears of the shift in the European balance of power that would result if the Prussians succeeded. Some historians argue that the Prussian chancellor Otto von Bismarck deliberately provoked the French into declaring", "title": "Franco-Prussian War" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "to buy 100 shares of XYZ stock at $50.00, the trader will have to buy anywhere from 0 shares to 7500 shares of XYZ stock as a result of the puts being exercised. In fact, only 49 of the contracts are exercised, meaning that the trader must buy 4900 shares of the underlier. If at the close on Friday, October 19, the trader's position in XYZ stock was short 7,500 shares, then on Monday, October 22, the trader would still be short 2600 shares, instead of flat as the trader had hoped. The trader must now buy back these 2600", "title": "Pin risk (options)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "as church history and medieval crafts. The church began as a Romanesque style basilica 1219, built in the centre of the town close to the river Main. It is dedicated to St. Leonhard. It featured twin steeples and a richly decorated portal to the north. The church was remodelled c. 1425 with a late Gothic choir, possibly after a design by Madern Gerthener, with extant balconies and stained-glass windows from c. 1435. The church was expanded to a hall church in late Gothic style with four aisles between 1508 and 1520. A chapel in the south was added by H.", "title": "St. Leonhard, Frankfurt" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "found in Asia and Australia. It is a scavenger, feeding on offal, carrion, refuse and dead fish in the harbour. Eagle's Nest, a well wooded ridge in the park, is one of the popular nesting areas near the harbour, probably because of the presence of tall pine trees. The long-tailed macaques present in this area are not local wildstock but are descendants of monkeys released in 1920. Their food includes leaves, fruits, insects and small animals. It is illegal to feed monkeys. They can attack and inflict painful bites on human being, especially in their mating season or when they", "title": "Lion Rock Country Park" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "a three-bladed 30 metre rotor on a steel lattice tower. It was reported to have an annual load factor of 32 per cent, not much different from current wind machines. In 1941 the world's first megawatt-size wind turbine was connected to the local electrical distribution system on the mountain known as Grandpa's Knob in Castleton, Vermont, United States. It was designed by Palmer Cosslett Putnam and manufactured by the S. Morgan Smith Company. This 1.25 MW Smith-Putnam turbine operated for 1100 hours before a blade failed at a known weak point, which had not been reinforced due to war-time material", "title": "History of wind power" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "local schools shut down as a result. The crisis was reportedly over by early 2012 because of coordinated relief efforts. Aid agencies subsequently shifted their emphasis to recovery initiatives, including digging irrigation canals and distributing plant seeds. At , Kenya is the world's forty-seventh largest country (after Madagascar). It lies between latitudes 5°N and 5°S, and longitudes 34° and 42°E. From the coast on the Indian Ocean, the low plains rise to central highlands. The highlands are bisected by the Great Rift Valley, with a fertile plateau lying to the east. The Kenyan Highlands are one of the most successful", "title": "Kenya" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "High Command and decided to request permission from Franco for German troops to cross the Spanish border on 10 January 1941. It was planned that General Jodl would go to Spain to make preparations for the attack on Gibraltar as soon as Canaris had obtained Franco's agreement. Canaris accordingly met with Franco on 7 December and put to Franco the need for Spain's immediate entry into the war. Franco responded that Spain was simply not capable of supporting the German army, due to shortages of food and the crippled infrastructure and nature of the country still recovering from its recent", "title": "Operation Felix" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "a valuable English language account of the high diplomacy of the Franco-Prussian War.\" In the \"Historische Zeitschrif\"t Ulrich Lappenküper expressed no doubt that the book would fill an “important gap in the literature addressed to this subject in the English language\" and Dennis Showalter called it \"the definitive account of its subject.\" David Wetzel David Wetzel is an international historian who teaches at the University of California, Berkeley, specializing in the diplomacy of nineteenth and twentieth century Europe. He has written on the Crimean War and on the three wars of German Unification. Of these he has made the Franco-Prussian", "title": "David Wetzel" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "humanitarian concern was influenced by political concerns, and sometimes arose more out of cultural arrogance than genuine sympathy. Sometimes, the acquisition of colonies was an attempt to revive declining political and economic status rather than a show of power. France was preoccupied with expanding her colonial empire to recover from her humiliating defeat in the Franco-Prussian war. Britain, having lost her dominance in the world economy to newly industrialised countries such as Germany (Prussia united all the German states to form Germany in 1871 after the victory in the Franco-Prussian war) and the United States, saw empire-building as a necessary", "title": "European colonisation of Southeast Asia" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "in the brain, concluding that consciousness is not necessary for reflex actions. According to epiphenomenalism, animals experience pain only as a result of neurophysiology. In 1870, Huxley conducted a case study on a French soldier who had sustained a shot in the Franco-Prussian War that fractured his left parietal bone. Every few weeks the soldier would enter a trance-like state, smoking, dressing himself, and aiming his cane like a rifle all while being insensitive to pins, electric shocks, odorous substances, vinegar, noise, and certain light conditions. Huxley used this study to show that consciousness was not necessary to execute these", "title": "Epiphenomenalism" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "of Count from Franz Joseph I on 29 July 1915. Immediately after the war Morstin served in the Regency Council as well as on diplomatic missions to Paris (1919–1922) and Rome (1922–1924). Between 1930 and 1931 he was the editor of the monthly \"Pamiętnik Warszawski\". Following the outbreak of the Second World War there were, however, doubts in both German and Polish camps as to where the Morstin's loyalty lay due to their German origins. In 1943, Morstin replied to a German government letter questioning his German background that he was \"a Pole and had no German roots\". Morstin used", "title": "Ludwik Hieronim Morstin" } ]

[ "Chancellor Otto von Bismarck" ]

[ "In Prussia, some officials considered a war against France both inevitable and necessary to arouse German nationalism in those states that would allow the unification of a great German empire. This aim was epitomized by Prussian Chancellor Otto von Bismarck's later statement: \"I did not doubt that a Franco-German war must take place before the construction of a United Germany could be realised.\" Bismarck also knew that France should be the aggressor in the conflict to bring the southern German states to side with Prussia, hence giving Germans numerical superiority. Many Germans also viewed the French as the traditional destabilizer of Europe, and sought to weaken France to prevent further breaches of the peace." ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "reform" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "his program of religious reform, which often cloaked autocratic innovation, nor on his only rival as mythmaker of the era, Ovid. In his \"Fasti\", a long-form poem covering Roman holidays from January to June, Ovid presents a unique look at Roman antiquarian lore, popular customs, and religious practice that is by turns imaginative, entertaining, high-minded, and scurrilous; not a priestly account, despite the speaker's pose as a \"vates\" or inspired poet-prophet, but a work of description, imagination and poetic etymology that reflects the broad humor and burlesque spirit of such venerable festivals as the Saturnalia, Consualia, and feast of Anna", "title": "Religion in ancient Rome" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "at times to compromise and the granting of special exemptions, but sometimes to intractable conflict. For example, religious disputes helped cause the First Jewish–Roman War and the Bar Kokhba revolt. In the wake of the Republic's collapse, state religion had adapted to support the new regime of the emperors. Augustus, the first Roman emperor, justified the novelty of one-man rule with a vast program of religious revivalism and reform. Public vows formerly made for the security of the republic now were directed at the well-being of the emperor. So-called \"emperor worship\" expanded on a grand scale the traditional Roman veneration", "title": "Religion in ancient Rome" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Boambee, New South Wales Boambee is a suburb in the city of Coffs Harbour on the Mid North Coast of New South Wales, Australia. Boambee is west of Sawtell on the Pacific Highway. It is divided into two sections: semi-rural Boambee (2450) and the more suburban Boambee East (2452). These suburbs are divided by the Pacific Highway. In 2011, Boambee had a population of 1,545 people, while Boambee East had a population of 5,446 people. The Boambee State Forest is located to the north-west of Boambee's residential areas. 1882 saw the establishment of the first sugar mill in Boambee by", "title": "Boambee, New South Wales" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "to becoming district league champions in 2000, as well as beating a very young DPMM FC to domestic silverware the following year. This did not go unnoticed with his former coach Mick Jones who made Moksen his assistant in 2001. Moksen coached the Brunei under-20s at the 2005 AFF U-20 Youth Championship held in Indonesia. His next assignment was for the national team at the 2008 AFC Challenge Cup qualification matches held in the Philippines as assistant to Kwon Oh-son. He then briefly coached NBT FC in 2008 and Indera SC in 2011, and was back with Kwon for the", "title": "Moksen Mohammad" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "two fingers of suburbia located east of Pittsburgh. The highway was signed Route 66 Business after Route 66 was shifted onto a newly created toll road bypass. The route begins nearly a mile south of the original terminus of PA 66, at a juncture with US 30 (which loops as a freeway around the city). It is cosigned with US 119 and PA 819 to the city center, before traveling on its own accord through several suburbanized miles. The route then becomes more rural, as it provides a free connection to the east-central edge of suburban Pittsburgh at Delmont. Major", "title": "Pennsylvania Route 66" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "his M.S. (1980) and Ph.D. (1982) degrees in Polymer Science & Engineering from the University of Massachusetts (Amherst). Ober is an Elected Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, a Fellow of the American Physical Society,a Fellow of the American Chemical Society and an Elected Member of the Executive Committee of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. He serves on the editorial boards of Polymer Bulletin, Polymers for Advanced Technologies, and Green Materials. From 1995 to 2010 he was an associate editor of Macromolecules. He has directed more than 40 Cornell Ph.D. dissertations, has co-authored", "title": "Christopher Ober" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "and fat injections and others. MEETH has played a long-standing role in ophthalmic research and has claimed many firsts: first allergy clinic in the United States - 1916, first diagnostic treatment clinic for glaucoma - 1942, first eye bank - 1944, first small-incision phacoemulsification cataract extraction - 1967, first cochlear implant center - 1983, first nasal center - 1989, first excimer laser vision correction trials - 1990, first laser procedure for cataract extraction - 1993. MEETH has also been a pioneer in: Photodynamic therapy for wet macular degeneration, the use of sonography (ultrasound) and angiography to diagnose a wide range", "title": "Manhattan Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After Augustus gained control of Rome—and Cyprus with it—the island's inhabitants seemed perfectly willing to accept the divinity of the new emperor. Much of our information about Roman religion on the island comes from five sources: ancient literature, Cypriot numismatics, excavations and archaeological work, epigraphy, and burials. Through an analysis of these sources, where appropriate, scholars have been able to come up with an idea of how Roman involvement affected Cypriot religion. One example of epigraphy that illustrates the Roman Imperial cult is found on a white marble slab that originated from the Temple of Aphrodite at Palaipafos. Essentially, this", "title": "Roman Cyprus" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Religion in Pristina Kosovo does not have an official religion. Like the rest of the country, the majority of Pristina's population consider themselves to be Muslim. However, most do not actively practice Islam, nor do they attend mosques or the religious services required by their religion. Many, however, do fast for Ramadan. and praying is widely practiced. The small minority of Pristina’s religious population that is not Muslim practice Christianity in the form of Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy. When Pristina was in the Serbian Empire in the Middle Ages, Eastern Orthodoxy was the predominant faith other than Roman Catholicism.", "title": "Religion in Pristina" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "unstated implication was that Augustus was to be accorded divine status. The establishment of the Augustalia thus marks a major development in what was to become Imperial cult. The Augustalia, abbreviated as \"AVG\", appears on calendars in large, capital letters like some of the oldest festivals for deities of Rome's archaic religion. It occurs between the Meditrinalia (October 11) and the Fontinalia (October 13), both of great antiquity. Augustalia The Augustalia, also known as the Ludi Augustales (\"Augustan Games\"), was a festival celebrated October 12 in honor of Augustus, the first Roman emperor. It was established in conjunction with an", "title": "Augustalia" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "and the nation\". Although State Shinto reinforced subordination to the emperor and the state, Shrine Shinto is a situation-based ethical system that emphasizes right actions toward others, versus adherence to a specific belief system. Shrine Shinto also stresses gratefulness for \"blessings of the \"kami\"\", and maintaining harmony with the emperor and the world. Wiccan morality is largely based on the Wiccan Rede: 'An' it harm none, do what ye will' -- old-fashioned language for 'as long as you aren't harming anyone, do as you wish'. While this could be interpreted to mean \"do no harm at all\", it is usually", "title": "Ethics in religion" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jewish Temple in Jerusalem was granted special permission not to display an effigy of the emperor, becoming the only religious structure in the Roman Empire that did not do so. Special dispensation was granted for Jewish citizens of the Roman Empire to pay a tax to the temple. Augustus made Judea a Roman province in 6 CE, deposing the last Jewish king, Herod Archelaus, and appointing a Roman governor. There was a small revolt against Roman taxation led by Judas of Galilee and over the next decades tensions grew between the Greco-Roman and Judean population centered on attempts to place", "title": "History of Israel" } ]

[ "reform" ]

[ "The meaning and origin of many archaic festivals baffled even Rome's intellectual elite, but the more obscure they were, the greater the opportunity for reinvention and reinterpretation — a fact lost neither on Augustus in his program of religious reform, which often cloaked autocratic innovation, nor on his only rival as mythmaker of the era, Ovid. In his Fasti, a long-form poem covering Roman holidays from January to June, Ovid presents a unique look at Roman antiquarian lore, popular customs, and religious practice that is by turns imaginative, entertaining, high-minded, and scurrilous; not a priestly account, despite the speaker's pose as a vates or inspired poet-prophet, but a work of description, imagination and poetic etymology that reflects the broad humor and burlesque spirit of such venerable festivals as the Saturnalia, Consualia, and feast of Anna Perenna on the Ides of March, where Ovid treats the assassination of the newly deified Julius Caesar as utterly incidental to the festivities among the Roman people. But official calendars preserved from different times and places also show a flexibility in omitting or expanding events, indicating that there was no single static and authoritative calendar of required observances. In the later Empire under Christian rule, the new Christian festivals were incorporated into the existing framework of the Roman calendar, alongside at least some of the traditional festivals." ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "no standardization of timepieces, or exact recording of hours and minutes was available" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "to deal with the issue, some suggesting a reconciliation, e.g., based on the use of Roman timekeeping in John but not in Mark, yet others have rejected the arguments. Several scholars have argued that the modern precision of marking the time of day should not be read back into the gospel accounts, written at a time when no standardization of timepieces, or exact recording of hours and minutes was available, and time was often approximated to the closest three-hour period. The three Synoptic Gospels refer to a man called Simon of Cyrene whom the Roman soldiers order to carry the", "title": "Crucifixion of Jesus" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "when Texas Instruments started to mass-produce LED watches inside a plastic case. Most watches with LED displays required that the user press a button to see the time displayed for a few seconds, because LEDs used so much power that they could not be kept operating continuously. Watches with LED displays were popular for a few years, but soon the LED displays were superseded by liquid crystal displays (LCDs), which used less battery power and were much more convenient in use, with the display always visible and no need to push a button before seeing the time. Only in darkness", "title": "Low-power electronics" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "in the sleep condition compared to participants given the placebo. Specifically, recall after sleep for the placebo group showed an increase of 5.2 ± 0.8 words compared to an increase of only 2.1 ± 0.6 words when participants were given the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. Conversely, neither speed nor accuracy declined in the non-declarative mirror task when participants were given physostigmine, and neither task performance was affected in the wake groups when physotigmine was administered. This suggests that the purpose of ACh suppression during SWS allows for hippocampus –dependent declarative memory consolidation; high levels of ACh during SWS blocks memory replay on", "title": "Sleep and memory" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ilyushin Il-76, Tupolev Tu-160 \"Beliy Lebed\", and the Ilyushin Il-78, were all designed in the Soviet Union. However though, some Soviet aircraft such as the Tupolev Tu-160 \"Beliy Lebed\", Sukhoi Su-33, Sukhoi Su-30, and the Sukhoi Su-34, were introduced later in the Russian Federation, the Soviet Union's successor. The Yakovlev Yak-130 is the only aircraft to be developed after the Soviet era and before the creation of the UAC. The Mikoyan MiG-35 is the first aircraft and the first military aircraft designed and exported under the UAC brand, as Mikoyan, the company that designed it, is a branch of the", "title": "United Aircraft Corporation" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "began learning English formally. While a student, he met Ahn Chang-ho, a Korean independence activist and one of the early leaders of the Korean-American immigrant community in the United States. At the end of the Russo-Japanese War in 1905, Japan invaded and colonized Korea. Horrified that their country's sovereignty was under threat, Lim, Ahn, and other like-minded Koreans formed a group which later became the New People's Association, a clandestine organization whose aim was to foster the independence and national strength of the Korean Empire, by promoting national feeling among Koreans and Korean-Americans living in America. The New People's Association", "title": "Lim Chi-jung" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "to every building in the settlements. Cossack recorded a minimum pressure of 942 hPa. Despite the extensive loss of sheep from surrounding stations it was considered fortunate that only one person suffered an injury. On 30 January 1884 a severe cyclone hit Bowen in Queensland causing damage to every building in the settlement and loss of the jetty and all boats and all communication. On 22 April 1887, a cyclone struck the pearling fleet at Ninety Mile Beach near Broome claiming 140 lives. The storm was unexpected, since it was so late in the season. On 1 March 1889 flooding", "title": "Pre-1970 Southern Hemisphere tropical cyclone seasons" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "nature are made: For Aristotle, reason is not only what is most special about humanity compared to other animals, but it is also what we were meant to achieve at our best. Much of Aristotle's description of human nature is still influential today. However, the particular teleological idea that humans are \"meant\" or intended to be something has become much less popular in modern times. For the Socratics, human nature, and all natures, are metaphysical concepts. Aristotle developed the standard presentation of this approach with his theory of four causes. Every living thing exhibits four aspects or \"causes\": matter, form,", "title": "Human nature" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "comparing Bond favorably to more conventional performers for whom \"the point is never the prettiness of the voice.\" Bond has said that \"I think that the reason people liked Kiki so much is that she had just about everything wrong with her.\" Kiki and Herb met with more critical acclaim with each successive appearance and developed a cult following. They received their first \"New York Times\" review for \"Have Another\", (1999), a show that earned a GLAAD media award the following year. They performed extensively, namely in London's Soho Theatre and Queen Elizabeth Hall and New York's The Knitting Factory", "title": "Justin Vivian Bond" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "called \"The Perfumed Garden\". Though it only ran for a few months prior to Big L's closure, \"The Perfumed Garden\" got more fan mail than the rest of the pop DJ's on Radio London put together, so much that staff wondered what to do with it all. The reason it got so much mail was that it played different music, and was the beginning of the \"album rock\" genre. On Everett's suggestion, Big L's PAMS jingles were commissioned to be resung in Dallas, Texas so that \"\"Wonderful Radio London\"\" became \"\"Wonderful Radio One on BBC\"\". The BBC's more popular stations", "title": "BBC Radio" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "reason that it was not recognized as an separate species. The three species of ground warblers are similar in size, shape and in the coloration of their juvenile plumage, but they differ from one another in their adult plumage coloration. Since they are so alike they were always thought to be the same species, until a DNA test was conducted where it became very obvious that these species were in-fact not the same. One way to tell the difference between a Bicol ground warbler or a Cordillera ground warbler and a Sierra Madre ground warbler is that the plumage of", "title": "Sierra Madre ground warbler" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vita and enjoy it for seeing that alternate version because it does differ so much. I don't think of the [PlayStation 4] as being the definitive version, just another version.\" Media Molecule felt that \"Unfolded\" could only be possible on PlayStation 4 because the PlayStation 3 and its controller did not have enough features. \"There are a lot of things that we could think about and wonder how we could use them creatively\", Crowle said. \"[We tried to] give the controller a character, so you feel like a little bit of the world is in your hands.\" The DualShock 4", "title": "Tearaway Unfolded" } ]

[ "no standardization of timepieces, or exact recording of hours and minutes was available" ]

[ "In Mark 15:25 crucifixion takes place at the third hour (9 a.m.) and Jesus' death at the ninth hour (3 p.m.). However, in John 19:14 Jesus is still before Pilate at the sixth hour. Scholars have presented a number of arguments to deal with the issue, some suggesting a reconciliation, e.g., based on the use of Roman timekeeping in John but not in Mark, yet others have rejected the arguments. Several notable scholars have argued that the modern precision of marking the time of day should not be read back into the gospel accounts, written at a time when no standardization of timepieces, or exact recording of hours and minutes was available, and time was often approximated to the closest three-hour period." ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "Benedictine monks" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "physician to gladiators in Pergamon, and in Rome, physician to Marcus Aurelius and the three emperors who succeeded him. Most of Galen's teachings were gathered and enhanced in the late 11th century by Benedictine monks at the School of Salerno in \"Regimen sanitatis Salernitanum\", which still had users in the 17th century. Galen believed in the bodily \"humours\" of Hippocrates, and he taught that \"pneuma\" is the source of life. Four elements (earth, air, fire and water) combine into \"complexion\", which combines into states (the four temperaments: sanguine, phlegmatic, choleric, and melancholic). The states are made up of pairs of", "title": "Nutrition" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "physician to gladiators in Pergamon, and in Rome, physician to Marcus Aurelius and the three emperors who succeeded him. Most of Galen's teachings were gathered and enhanced in the late 11th century by Benedictine monks at the School of Salerno in \"Regimen sanitatis Salernitanum\", which still had users in the 17th century. Galen believed in the bodily \"humours\" of Hippocrates, and he taught that \"pneuma\" is the source of life. Four elements (earth, air, fire and water) combine into \"complexion\", which combines into states (the four temperaments: sanguine, phlegmatic, choleric, and melancholic). The states are made up of pairs of", "title": "Nutrition" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "compete in the same knock out format as the Scottish Cup. The finals are played in May at the same time as the Cup at the Glasgow National Hockey Centre. The first recorded plate match is from the 1998-99 season however other matches may have occurred before that. Scottish Hockey Cup The Scottish Hockey Cup or just Scottish Cup is the top men's cup competition in Scottish Field Hockey. The competition starts in September each year, with the final being held in May, at Glasgow's National Hockey Centre. Clubs enter the Scottish Cup each year through the Scottish Hockey Union", "title": "Scottish Hockey Cup" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "John Hooper (journalist) John Edward Francis Hooper (born 17 July 1950, Westminster, London, England) is a British journalist, author and broadcaster. He is currently the Italy and Vatican correspondent of \"The Economist\". Son of the artist and writer William John ('Bill') Hooper (\"Raff\") (1916–1996 ), John Hooper was educated at St Benedict's School in London and St Catharine's College, Cambridge. In his first year at university, he travelled to the breakaway state of Biafra to help make a television documentary on the Nigerian Civil war. After graduating, Hooper worked for the BBC as a current affairs reporter. In 1973, he", "title": "John Hooper (journalist)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "While still dominated by silicates, more primitive volcanic rocks have mineral assemblages with less silica, such as olivine and the pyroxenes. Bowen's reaction series correctly predicts the order of formation of the most common minerals in volcanic rocks. Occasionally, a magma may pick up crystals that crystallized from another magma; these crystals are called xenocrysts. Diamonds found in kimberlites are rare but well-known xenocrysts; the kimberlites do not create the diamonds, but pick them up and transport them to the surface of the Earth. Volcanic rocks are named according to both their chemical composition and texture. Basalt is a very", "title": "Volcanic rock" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "at the bottom of Muskrat Lake. It has hosted many local community events with its year round facilities. Members of surrounding churches in the Ottawa area rent out trailers and stay at camp during the summer. OVPC is owned and operated by the Pentecostal Assemblies of Canada. Storyland once featured 200 animated characters set in 40 different fairy tale scenes surrounded by a natural woodland environment. The park is now closed, and up for auction. The park has been sold and is now the site of Elements Luxury Tented Camp and Nature Spa. Cobden, Ontario Cobden is a small community", "title": "Cobden, Ontario" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nõmme was given a town status in 1926 and Keila in 1938. Soviet powers merged Nõmme with Tallinn already in 1940. They also separated Tallinn from Harju County and it became a centrally administered town. The same was applied to Paldiski in 1941. The German occupation of 1941-1944 left only Tallinn separated from Harju County. The Soviet reoccupation brought Paldiski back to central administration. Tallinn was divided into four urban raions in 1945 and it gained several new territories from its surrounding parishes. Aegviidu (then in Järva County), Järvakandi and Kohila (both now in Rapla County) and Kehra were named", "title": "Harju County" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "the Lombards. The principal source for the history of the Lombard principalities in this period is the \"Chronicon Salernitanum\", composed late in the 10th century at Salerno. The diminished Beneventan principality soon lost its independence to the papacy and declined in importance until it fell in the Norman conquest of southern Italy. The Normans, first called in by the Lombards to fight the Byzantines for control of Apulia and Calabria (under the likes of Melus of Bari and Arduin, among others), had become rivals for hegemony in the south. The Salernitan principality experienced a golden age under Guaimar III and", "title": "Lombards" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Landulf, Indulf, and Guaimar—were invested with land in Salerno. The \"Chronicon Salernitanum\", which is the most important source for Landulf's life, names the counties of Marsi, Sarno, and Lauro as those of Guaimar, Indulf, and Landenulf, respectively, but does not name a county for Landulf. With the help of his allies, Marinus of Naples and Manso I of Amalfi, Landulf and his surviving sons (Landenulf died in 971), seized power in Salerno after expelling the reigning prince, Guaimar II's son by his first wife, Gisulf I, who fled to the court of Pandulf Ironhead, son of Landulf I and ruler", "title": "Landulf of Conza" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "and public works. In 859, Lambert I of Spoleto joined Gerard, count of the Marsi, Maielpoto, gastald of Telese, and Wandelbert, gastald of Boiano, to prevent Sawdan from re-entering Bari after a campaign against Capua and the Terra di Lavoro. Despite a bloody battle, the emir successfully entered his capital. The emirate of Bari lasted long enough to enter into relations with its Christian neighbours. According to the \"Chronicon Salernitanum\", ambassadors (\"legati\") were sent to Salerno where they stayed in the episcopal palace, much to the dismay of the bishop. Bari also served as a refuge for at least one", "title": "Emirate of Bari" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "down upon Rome for the destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem by Rome in the year 70. The city of Salerno is located south of Naples. An inscription on a tombstone testifies to a Jewish settlement in Salerno, possibly as early as the 3rd or 4th century. By the Middle Ages, the town was known for a medical school founded by Jews around the year 800. Jews are mentioned in town records in 872. The Jewish quarter of Salerno is also mentioned in 1005. When Benjamin of Tudela visited Salerno in 1159, he found 600 Jews living in the", "title": "History of the Jews in Campania and Basilicata" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "the southern Italian port town of Salerno was widely reputed as \"the most important center for the introduction of Arabic medicine into Western Europe\". In referring to the School of Salerno in the 12th century, historians actually mean an informal community of masters and pupils who, over the course of the 12th century, developed more or less formal methods of instruction and investigation; there is no evidence of any physical or legal entity before the 13th century. \"Conditions of Women\", \"Treatments for Women\", and \"Women’s Cosmetics\" are usually referred to collectively as \"The Trotula\". They cover topics from childbirth to", "title": "Trotula" } ]

[ "Benedictine monks" ]

[ "One mustn't overlook the doctrines of Galen: In use from his life in the 1st century AD until the 17th century, it was heresy to disagree with him for 1500 years. Galen was physician to gladiators in Pergamon, and in Rome, physician to Marcus Aurelius and the three emperors who succeeded him. Most of Galen's teachings were gathered and enhanced in the late 11th century by Benedictine monks at the School of Salerno in Regimen sanitatis Salernitanum, which still had users in the 17th century. Galen believed in the bodily humours of Hippocrates, and he taught that pneuma is the source of life. Four elements (earth, air, fire and water) combine into \"complexion\", which combines into states (the four temperaments: sanguine, phlegmatic, choleric, and melancholic). The states are made up of pairs of attributes (hot and moist, cold and moist, hot and dry, and cold and dry), which are made of four humours: blood, phlegm, green (or yellow) bile, and black bile (the bodily form of the elements). Galen thought that for a person to have gout, kidney stones, or arthritis was scandalous, which Gratzer likens to Samuel Butler's Erehwon (1872) where sickness is a crime." ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "the UK Council for National Academic Awards" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "London Polytechnic were validated by the University of London. The first British institution to use the name \"polytechnic\" was the Royal Cornwall Polytechnic Society, which it still retains, together with the affectionate nickname \"The Poly\". Most polytechnics were formed in the expansion of higher education in the 1960s, Academic degrees in polytechnics were validated by the UK Council for National Academic Awards (CNAA) from 1965 to 1992. The CNAA was chartered by the British government to validate and award degrees and maintain national quality assurance standards. The CNAA subject boards from their inception were from the universities. A CNAA degree", "title": "Polytechnic (United Kingdom)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Smiths of Glastonbury The Smiths of Glastonbury were two generations of women—a mother and her five daughters—residing in Glastonbury, Connecticut, in the late 18th and 19th century who were early champions of education, abolition, and women's rights. Kimberly Mansion, their former home on Main Street, is now a designated National Historic Landmark, and the family as a whole was inducted into the Connecticut Women's Hall of Fame in 1994. The mother of the family, Hannah Hadassah (Hickok) Smith (1767–1850), was married to a prosperous Nonconformist clergyman, Zephaniah Smith. Zephaniah left the ministry over a religious dispute and became a farmer", "title": "Smiths of Glastonbury" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "2004 football championship, were also important landmarks in the economic history of the country. GDP growth in 2006, at 1.3%, was the lowest in all of Europe. In the first decade of the 21st century, the Czech Republic, Greece, Malta, Slovakia, and Slovenia all overtook Portugal in terms of GDP (PPP) per head. Greece had been a regular comparison point for Portugal since EU adhesion as both countries were formerly ruled by authoritarian governments and share similar EU-membership history, number of inhabitants, market size and tastes, national economies, mediterranean culture, sunny weather, and tourist appeal; however, the Greek economic and", "title": "Economic history of Portugal" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "permanganates, at temperatures in the range of about 100 to 120 °C and under atmospheric pressure. The process was commercially important from the mid 1930s on and was carried out until the first years after the Second World War on a large industrial scale. Paraffin oxidation enabled for first time the large-scale production of synthetic butter from coal by chemical means which was at that time seen as a sensation. Because of the high availability of inexpensive natural fats and the competition by petroleum-based fatty alcohols, the process lost its importance in the early 1950s. The process consisted of three", "title": "Paraffin oxidation" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Forbes named CSULB one of America's best value colleges for 2017. In 2018 Money Magazine listed Cal State Long Beach 22nd out of the 727 four-year schools considered. Cal State Long Beach was the only campus in the 23 school California system to make it to the top 25. The 2019 edition of U.S. News & World Report ranked Cal State Long Beach the third best public university in the west Cal State Long Beach was selected as one of Princeton Review's 2018 edition of its annual guide, \"Colleges That Pay You Back: The 200 schools That Give You the", "title": "California State University, Long Beach" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Military tattoo A tattoo is a military performance of music or display of armed forces in general. The term comes from the early 17th century Dutch phrase \"doe den tap toe\" (\"turn off the tap\"), a signal sounded by drummers or trumpeters to instruct innkeepers near military garrisons to stop serving beer and for soldiers to return to their barracks, and is unrelated to the Tahitian origins of an ink tattoo. The tattoo was originally a form of military music, but the practice has evolved into more elaborate shows involving theatrics and musical performances. It is also used to designate", "title": "Military tattoo" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Leopold B. Felsen Leopold B. Felsen (born in Munich in 1924; died in the US September 24, 2005) was a physicist known for studies of Electromagnetism and wave-based disciplines. He had to flee Germany at 16 due to the Nazis. He has fundamental contributions to electromagnetic field analysis. Leopold B. Felsen was a professor at Polytechnic University of New York and at Boston University College of Engineering, an IEEE life fellow and a fellow of both the Acoustical Society of America and the Optical Society of America. He earned bachelor's, master's and doctoral degrees from what was then the Polytechnic", "title": "Leopold B. Felsen" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "services and shut down UNRWA's summer camps. Gaza residents also closed UNRWA's emergency department, social services office and ration stores. In 2012, there were five universities in the Gaza Strip and eight new schools were under construction. By 2018, nine universities were open. The Community College of Applied Science and Technology (CCAST) was established in 1998 in Gaza City. In 2003, the college moved into its new campus and established the Gaza Polytechnic Institute (GPI) in 2006 in southern Gaza. In 2007, the college received accreditation to award BA degrees as the University College of Applied Sciences (UCAS). In 2010,", "title": "Gaza Strip" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Anna Talbot (Rockwell) Gherardi. Gherardi received his B.S. in Electrical Engineering from the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn in 1891, and his M.E. and M.M.E degrees from Cornell University in 1893 and 1894, respectively. He received an honorary D. Eng. degree from the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn in 1933. Gherardi is widely recognized as one of the foremost authorities on early telephone engineering for his role in several landmark projects such as the transcontinental telephone service in 1915 and the trans-Atlantic radio telephone service in 1927. He also personally supervised the construction of a \"loaded\" cable between New York City and", "title": "Bancroft Gherardi Jr." }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "and selected master's degrees. In 2017, IU East conferred its 10,000th degree. IU East is both a traditional campus and a virtual campus with select online degree completion programs. IU East offers over 60 degree programs at the bachelor's and master's degree levels. Forty-eight of these are conferred through Indiana University, whereas six are conferred through Purdue University. Indiana University East is organized into seven schools: Indiana University East hosts a branch of Purdue Polytechnic Richmond. Certificates and degrees for the following programs at IU East are awarded by Purdue Polytechnic Richmond: Indiana University East (IU East) teams are known", "title": "Indiana University East" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "and professional schools, offering degrees and diplomas in over 150 fields of study. School of Law (since 1608), Teaching and Education (1845), Chemistry (1848), Polytechnic School of Mieres (1855), Jovellanos Faculty of Commerce, Tourism and Social Sciences (1866), Gijón Polytechnic School of Engineering (1888), Philosophy and Letters (1892), Economy and Business (1908), Teaching and Geology (1958), Mining Engineering (1959), Biology (1961), Medicine and Health Sciences (1968), Merchant Marine (1979), School of Computer Engineering (1982), Sciences (1990), Psychology (1991) The school has a large number of places in different classrooms, total counted 6 classrooms in the building, with spaces ranging from", "title": "University of Oviedo" } ]

[ "the UK Council for National Academic Awards" ]

[ "Polytechnics were tertiary education teaching institutions in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. Since 1970 UK Polytechnics operated under the binary system of education along with universities. Polytechnics offered diplomas and degrees (bachelor's, master's, PhD) validated at the national level by the UK Council for National Academic Awards CNAA. They particularly excelled in engineering and applied science degree courses similar to technological universities in the USA and continental Europe. The comparable institutions in Scotland were collectively referred to as Central Institutions. Britain's first Polytechnic, the Royal Polytechnic Institution later known as the Polytechnic of Central London (now the University of Westminster) was established in 1838 at Regent Street in London and its goal was to educate and popularize engineering and scientific knowledge and inventions in Victorian Britain \"at little expense.\" The London Polytechnic led a mass movement to create numerous Polytechnic institutes across the UK in the late 19th Century. Most Polytechnic institutes were established at the centre of major metropolitan cities and their focus was on engineering, applied science and technology education." ]

[ "" ]

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[ 3.6126675605773926, 0.12324825674295425, 0.5327829718589783, 0.9415124654769897, 0.00010355390259064734, 1.676068902015686 ]

[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "either transmitting or receiving" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "the reciprocity theorem of electromagnetics. Therefore, in discussions of antenna properties no distinction is usually made between receiving and transmitting terminology, and the antenna can be viewed as either transmitting or receiving, whichever is more convenient. A necessary condition for the aforementioned reciprocity property is that the materials in the antenna and transmission medium are linear and reciprocal. \"Reciprocal\" (or \"bilateral\") means that the material has the same response to an electric current or magnetic field in one direction, as it has to the field or current in the opposite direction. Most materials used in antennas meet these conditions, but", "title": "Antenna (radio)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "trip to the USA and that he eventually chose it to be the second single from the album. \"Playing With Fire\" debuted at number 28 on Swedish charts which is also its highest peak. The song has helped Darin's album to sell gold in its first week of release, with the album debuting at number 1 on Swedish Charts, making it Darin's fifth studio album to peak at number 1. Playing with Fire (Darin song) \"Playing With Fire\" is the second single from Darin's sixth studio album Exit. The song was written by Darin and produced by Jim Beanz. The", "title": "Playing with Fire (Darin song)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "McKenna, Clara, de Talca, Mayn, Jean, Grace, Maureen in attendance. James \"Jim\" Mayn was born in 1930 and raised in the fictional city of Windrow, New Jersey. His father Mel was owner and editor of \"The Windrow Democrat\". His mother Sarah was a distant relative of Mel, from the \"Mayne\" branch, which had owned the paper before Mel, going back to its founding as an advocacy paper for Andrew Jackson and the Bank War. Sarah had an affair with neighbor Bob Yard, who is apparently the father of Brad, Jim's younger brother. Sarah disappeared after visiting the shore, leaving a", "title": "Women and Men" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cadastre A cadastre (also spelled cadaster) is a comprehensive land recording of the real estate or real property's metes-and-bounds of a country. In most countries, legal systems have developed around the original administrative systems and use the cadastre to define the dimensions and location of land parcels described in legal documentation. The cadastre is a fundamental source of data in disputes and lawsuits between landowners. In the United States, Cadastral Survey within the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) maintains records of all public lands. Such surveys often require detailed investigation of the history of land use, legal accounts, and other", "title": "Cadastre" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "French domination was assured by the defeat in 1898 of the armies of Samori Touré, Mansa (or Emperor) of the Ouassoulou state and leader of Malinké descent, which gave France control of what today is Guinea and adjacent areas. France negotiated Guinea's present boundaries in the late 19th and early 20th centuries with the British for Sierra Leone, the Portuguese for their Guinea colony (now Guinea-Bissau), and Liberia. Under the French, the country formed the Territory of Guinea within French West Africa, administered by a governor general resident in Dakar. Lieutenant governors administered the individual colonies, including Guinea. In 1958", "title": "History of Guinea" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "9, 1901 – Mar 22, 2002) was the daughter of Mary Brown and Richard Elihu Sloan, a lawyer and American jurist who served as Associate Justice of the Arizona Territorial Supreme Court, a United States District Court judge and as the 17th and final Governor of Arizona Territory. Wilbur received his AB in Physiology and graduated from Stanford with a Phi Beta Kappa Key in 1922. Wilbur and Sloan were married at Stanford Memorial Chapel June 23, 1923. Wilbur studied Medicine at Stanford; however his interest in surgery led him to complete his medical degree at Harvard Medical School. Mary", "title": "Blake Colburn Wilbur" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Guns were radically overhauled in \"1942 Second Edition\", where they were available as custom pieces in player colours like other units, and are destroyed instead of captured. In exchange, multiple antiaircraft guns may be operational in one territory at a time. Furthermore, antiaircraft guns may fire at three different units with one shot each, though no aircraft can be targeted by more than one antiaircraft gun at a time. In \"Pacific 1940\", \"Europe 1940\", and \"1942 Second Edition\", industrial complexes and (where applicable) air and naval bases serve as fixed antiaircraft guns when strategic bombing raids are made against them,", "title": "Comparison of Axis & Allies games" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "power is wasted in the terminating resistor Directivity increases with the length of the antenna. While directivity begins to develop at a length of only 0.25 wavelength, directivity becomes more significant at one wavelength and improves steadily until the antenna reaches a length of about two wavelengths. In Beverages longer than two wavelengths, directivity does not increase because the currents in the antenna cannot remain in phase with the radio wave. A single-wire Beverage antenna is typically a single straight copper wire, between one-half and two wavelengths long, run parallel to the Earth's surface in the direction of the desired", "title": "Beverage antenna" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "television (SSTV) camera (see Apollo TV camera). To broadcast the pictures to regular television, a scan conversion had to be done. The radio telescope at Parkes Observatory in Australia was able to receive the telemetry from the Moon at the time of the Apollo 11 moonwalk. Parkes had a bigger antenna than NASA's antenna in Australia at the Honeysuckle Creek Tracking Station, so it received a better picture. It also received a better picture than NASA's antenna at Goldstone Deep Space Communications Complex. This direct TV signal, along with telemetry data, was recorded onto one-inch fourteen-track analog tape at Parkes.", "title": "Moon landing conspiracy theories" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "to serve two years. Those with associate's degree or higher who volunteer are required to serve for six months, while those with associate's degree or higher who draw red cards can request reduction in time of service to one year. University students can request deferral of service until they are awarded their diploma or reach 26 years of age. All conscripts are in the grade of Private / Seaman / Aircraftman (OR-1) throughout their term of service. There are salary increases after completion of basic training and with time-in-grade. Although it is alleged that more than half of conscripts end", "title": "Royal Thai Armed Forces" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "and generally not a technique used at VHF/UHF. Many other large UHF-/VHF-transmitters use diplexers. The number of transmitters which can share an antenna is restricted by the spacing of their frequency bands. Transmitters whose frequencies are too close together cannot be combined successfully by a diplexer. Diplexers are also used at medium wave broadcasting stations. However their use is not that common in this frequency range because the corresponding wavelength varies much more across the medium wave band than across the FM band and so it is more practicable to use a separate antenna for each frequency: medium wave transmission", "title": "Diplexer" } ]

[ "either transmitting or receiving" ]

[ "It is a fundamental property of antennas that the electrical characteristics of an antenna described in the next section, such as gain, radiation pattern, impedance, bandwidth, resonant frequency and polarization, are the same whether the antenna is transmitting or receiving. For example, the \"receiving pattern\" (sensitivity as a function of direction) of an antenna when used for reception is identical to the radiation pattern of the antenna when it is driven and functions as a radiator. This is a consequence of the reciprocity theorem of electromagnetics. Therefore, in discussions of antenna properties no distinction is usually made between receiving and transmitting terminology, and the antenna can be viewed as either transmitting or receiving, whichever is more convenient." ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "operational dress is now the daily uniform" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "occasions and \"dressed down\" (No. 3 or lower), it is suitable for daily wear. Generally, after the elimination of base dress (although still defined for the Air Force uniform), operational dress is now the daily uniform worn by most members of the CF, unless service dress is prescribed (such as at the NDHQ, on parades, at public events, etc.). Approved parkas are authorized for winter wear in cold climates and a light casual jacket is also authorized for cooler days. Units of the Canadian Army, Royal Canadian Air Force, and cadets of the Royal Military College of Canada also wear", "title": "Canadian Armed Forces" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "occasions and \"dressed down\" (No. 3 or lower), it is suitable for daily wear. Generally, after the elimination of base dress (although still defined for the Air Force uniform), operational dress is now the daily uniform worn by most members of the CF, unless service dress is prescribed (such as at the NDHQ, on parades, at public events, etc.). Approved parkas are authorized for winter wear in cold climates and a light casual jacket is also authorized for cooler days. Units of the Canadian Army, Royal Canadian Air Force, and cadets of the Royal Military College of Canada also wear", "title": "Canadian Armed Forces" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rosario in the 74th minute, giving the Dynamo a 2-1 win. In 2008, Davis and the Dynamo finished first in the west, but were upset in the first round of the playoffs by New York Red Bulls. The Dynamo had success in the North American SuperLiga that year, however the Revolution got revenge by beating Davis and the Dynamo on penalties. In 2009, Davis had a strong season individually, being named an MLS all star and scoring 5 and assisting on 12 in MLS play, and the team finished 2nd in the west. However the Dynamo lost in the Conference", "title": "Brad Davis (soccer)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "it to his son, Wink. Sons Richard (Dick) Vogel and Wink were also the owners of Mushroom Records. By 2005 Cloverdale Paint had 65 franchises across Canada. Another son, William (Bill) was a former mayor of Langley. Hunter Vogel died of respiratory failure from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in 1990, aged 86. Hunter Vogel Hunter Bertram August Vogel (August 4, 1903 – April 25, 1990) was a Canadian politician. He served in the British Columbia Legislative Assembly from 1966 to 1972, as a Social Credit member for the constituency of Langley. He was born in 1903 to Hans Broder Anton", "title": "Hunter Vogel" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "across the nation with 35 participating faculty members. He is also the Director of the Western Institute of Nanoelectronics (WIN) - a coordinated multi-project Research Institute. WIN is funded by NRI, Intel and the State of California. The current on-going projects are aimed at spintronics for low power applications. He currently serves as the Editor-in-Chief for the IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology (TNANO). He was also the founding director of Nanoelectronics Research Facility at UCLA (established in 1989) with the infrastructure to further research in nanotechnology. In addition to these technical leadership contributions, he has provided academic leadership in engineering education.", "title": "Kang L. Wang" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "school. The courses count towards high school graduation requirements and towards earning a college degree. The students continue to have full access to activities at their high school. The college credits are offered at a deeply discounted rate. The state offers a small grant to assist students in costs for tuition, fees and books. Under the Pennsylvania Transfer and Articulation Agreement, many Pennsylvania colleges and universities accept these credits for students who transfer to their institutions. For the 2009-10 funding year, the school district received a state grant of $11,588 for the program. Wellsboro Area High School has a dual", "title": "Wellsboro Area High School" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "even if he was not freed of compulsory labour duty. In 1661, Johann Berthel Fischer was hired, whom the parents reproached for making the young cleverer than their elders. Later on, there were also craftsmen and farmworkers who taught any willing children to read and write, at first only in the wintertime. Further schoolteachers are listed by name, although in general the records from the 18th century are mainly about the teacher's income. Fifty to sixty parish children attended lessons around 1600, from some 80 families living throughout the parish. By the late 18th century, this had grown to roughly", "title": "Pfeffelbach" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Army. Its modern successor unit, the \"Regiment Carabiniers Prins Boudewijn – Grenadiers\" has readopted this headdress for limited ceremonial purposes. The bearskin is also worn by the mounted Royal Escort. While this ceremonial unit is now provided by the civilian police, it was formerly part of the now defunct Belgian Gendarmerie and wears the pre-1914 full dress uniform of what was then part of the army. Following the Battle of Waterloo and the action in which they gained their name, the Grenadier Guards were permitted to wear the bearskin. In 1831, this practice was extended to the other two regiments", "title": "Bearskin" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "of the four houses. Siblings always belong to the same house and parents and their sons and/or daughters are also invariably placed in the same house. Most of the sports in the school are now house competitions, ranging from rugby tournaments to Clevedon Staff has Talent, and the staff cross-country run. In September 2008, a new uniform consisting of a blazer, shirt and tie, was introduced to replace the previous polo shirt and sweatshirt, and is now worn by all pupils excluding the sixth form. It is designed to identify them as members of their respective houses. Formerly the house", "title": "Clevedon School" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "as a suit or coat and tie, and women in semi-formal dresses or pant suits. In recent years, a change has occurred, and many individuals are now buried in less formal clothing, such as what they would have worn on a daily basis, or other favorite attire. The clothing used can also reflect the deceased person's profession or vocation: priests and ministers are often dressed in their liturgical vestments, and military and law enforcement personnel often wear their uniform. Underwear, singlets, bras, briefs, and hosiery are all used if the family so desires, and the deceased is dressed in them", "title": "Embalming" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Children in many United Kingdom state primary schools will have a uniform jumper and/or polo shirt with the school name and logo. From about 1800 to after the Second World War, diplomats from most countries (and often senior non-military officials generally) wore official uniforms at public occasions. Such uniforms are now retained by only a few diplomatic services, and are seldom worn. A prison uniform is any uniform worn by individuals incarcerated in a prison, jail or similar facility of detention. Most, if not all, sports teams also wear uniforms, made in the team's distinctive colors. In individual sports like", "title": "Uniform" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "they travel. However, within the hospital, and in the surrounding area, pensioners are encouraged to wear a blue uniform (known fondly as \"blues\"). If they travel farther from the Royal Hospital they should wear the distinctive scarlet coats instead of the blue uniform. The scarlet coats are also worn for ceremonial occasions, accompanied by tricorne hats. (At other times a peaked shako is worn.) In uniform, the pensioners wear their medal ribbons and the insignia of rank they reached while serving in the military. They may also wear other insignia they earned during their service and many pensioners now wear", "title": "Royal Hospital Chelsea" } ]

[ "operational dress is now the daily uniform" ]

[ "Only service dress is suitable for CAF members to wear on any occasion, barring \"dirty work\" or combat. With gloves, swords, and medals (No. 1 or 1A), it is suitable for ceremonial occasions and \"dressed down\" (No. 3 or lower), it is suitable for daily wear. Generally, after the elimination of base dress (although still defined for the Air Force uniform), operational dress is now the daily uniform worn by most members of the CF, unless service dress is prescribed (such as at the NDHQ, on parades, at public events, etc.). Approved parkas are authorized for winter wear in cold climates and a light casual jacket is also authorized for cooler days. The navy, most army, and some other units have, for very specific occasions, a ceremonial/regimental full dress, such as the naval \"high-collar\" white uniform, kilted Highland, Scottish, and Irish regiments, and the scarlet uniforms of the Royal Military Colleges." ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "having knowledge of internal data structures and algorithms" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Grey-box testing (American spelling: gray-box testing) involves having knowledge of internal data structures and algorithms for purposes of designing tests while executing those tests at the user, or black-box level. The tester will often have access to both \"the source code and the executable binary.\" Grey-box testing may also include reverse engineering (using dynamic code analysis) to determine, for instance, boundary values or error messages. Manipulating input data and formatting output do not qualify as grey-box, as the input and output are clearly outside of the \"black box\" that we are calling the system under test. This distinction is particularly", "title": "Software testing" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Grey-box testing (American spelling: gray-box testing) involves having knowledge of internal data structures and algorithms for purposes of designing tests while executing those tests at the user, or black-box level. The tester will often have access to both \"the source code and the executable binary.\" Grey-box testing may also include reverse engineering (using dynamic code analysis) to determine, for instance, boundary values or error messages. Manipulating input data and formatting output do not qualify as grey-box, as the input and output are clearly outside of the \"black box\" that we are calling the system under test. This distinction is particularly", "title": "Software testing" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "test can be used by many individuals involved in the development process. For the customer, it becomes easy to provide detailed bug reports and feedback, and for program users, visual testing can record user actions on screen, as well as their voice and image, to provide a complete picture at the time of software failure for the developers. Grey-box testing (American spelling: gray-box testing) involves having knowledge of internal data structures and algorithms for purposes of designing tests, while executing those tests at the user, or black-box level. The tester is not required to have full access to the software's", "title": "Software testing tactics" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "a cone with the apex extended from a point to a line segment, as in the expanded coffee filter (flat form is shown in the picture). Carbon cones have also been observed, since 1968 or even earlier, on the surface of naturally occurring graphite. Their bases are attached to the graphite and their height varies between less than 1 and 40 micrometers. Their walls are often curved and are less regular than those of the laboratory made nanocones. The distribution of their apex angle also shows a strong feature at 60°, but other expected peaks, at 20° and 40°, are", "title": "Carbon nanocone" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Stadium was the Christmas Tournament, in which foreign teams played friendly matches against local teams during the Christmas holidays. Malta's first-ever international match, a 2-3 defeat to Austria, was played on 24 February 1957 at the Empire Stadium. League Champions Hibernians (European Cup) and FA Trophy Winners Floriana (Cup Winners' Cup) were the first teams to take part in European Competitions in season 1961/62. After suffering a 0-5 defeat in the first leg, Hibernians lost 1-2 to Swiss champions Servette at the Empire Stadium. Ujpest of Hungary qualified to the next round on 15-4 aggregate score after beating Floriana FC", "title": "Empire Stadium, Gżira" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "work, \"Practica de educación irreligiosa\" (1936), is listed in the Index Librorum Prohibitorum. He was a close friend of the painter Fernando Leal, who portrayed him as one of the characters of his cycle of frescoes dedicated to \"Bolivar's Epic\". In one of his last interviews he said: \"I want to die smiling, as I expect to do soon, since I don't want to continue abusing life, especially when the doctors have taken all the fun away by forbidding me alcohol and women.\" He died in Mexico City at the age of 100, one of the last survivors of the", "title": "Germán List Arzubide" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Peace Officer (film) Peace Officer is a documentary film about police militarization in the United States. It won the 2015 Documentary Feature Competition Grand Jury award at the South by Southwest Film Festival. It was conceived when co-director Scott Christopherson, an assistant film professor at St. Edward's University in Austin, Texas, met retired police officer William \"Dub\" Lawrence at a baseball game and was invited to visit his hangar where he carried out his private investigations into incidents in which people were killed by police. Lawrence, the central figure in the documentary, founded Davis County, Utah's SWAT team, the first", "title": "Peace Officer (film)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "of the epidermis beneath the radial canals. The ovaries are more granular in appearance than the testes (sexes are separate). The gametes are shed into the sea, and the zygotes develop into ciliated planular larvae which grow into minute polyps. These polyps can bud off other polyps or medusae. The tentacles of the medusae are hollow and connected to the exumbrellar surface by a tentacular bulb where cnidoblasts are formed. Gonionemus Gonionemus is a genus of hydrozoans that uses adhesive discs near the middle of each tentacle to attach to eelgrass, sea lettuce, or various types of algae instead of", "title": "Gonionemus" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "offending player is ejected from the game and must immediately leave the playing surface (he does not sit in the penalty box); meanwhile, if an additional minor or major penalty is assessed, a designated player must serve out of that segment of the penalty in the box (similar to the above-mentioned \"two-and-ten\"). In some rare cases, a player may receive up to nineteen minutes in penalties for one string of plays. This could involve receiving a four-minute double minor penalty, getting in a fight with an opposing player who retaliates, and then receiving a game misconduct after the fight. In", "title": "Ice hockey" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "seen when the developer adds delay statements to concurrent applications with poor synchronization. The differences between sequential and concurrent programs lead to the differences in their testing strategies. Strategies for sequential programs can be modified to make them suitable for concurrent applications. Specialized strategies have also been developed. Conventionally, testing includes designing test cases and checking that the program produces the expected results. Thus, errors in specification, functionality, etc. are detected by running the application and subjecting it to testing methods such as Functional Testing, White Box, Black Box and Grey Box Testing. Static analysis is also used for detecting", "title": "Testing high-performance computing applications" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "may also include reverse engineering to determine, for instance, boundary values or error messages. By knowing the underlying concepts of how the software works, the tester makes better-informed testing choices while testing the software from outside. Typically, a grey-box tester will be permitted to set up an isolated testing environment with activities such as seeding a database. The tester can observe the state of the product being tested after performing certain actions such as executing SQL statements against the database and then executing queries to ensure that the expected changes have been reflected. Grey-box testing implements intelligent test scenarios, based", "title": "Software testing tactics" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "does not involve art (τέχνη), nor does exist by necessity (\"per se\" or καθ᾽ αὑτό), and therefore does not deserve to be studied as a science. Aristotle dismisses the study of the \"per accidens\" as a science fit for Sophists, a group whose philosophies (or lack thereof) he consistently rejects throughout the \"Metaphysics\". The Middle Books are generally considered the core of the \"Metaphysics\". Book Zeta begins with the remark that ‘Being’ has many senses. The purpose of philosophy is to understand being. The primary kind of being is what Aristotle calls \"substance\". What substances are there, and are there", "title": "Metaphysics (Aristotle)" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "White-box testing White-box testing (also known as clear box testing, glass box testing, transparent box testing, and structural testing) is a method of testing software that tests internal structures or workings of an application, as opposed to its functionality (i.e. black-box testing). In white-box testing an internal perspective of the system, as well as programming skills, are used to design test cases. The tester chooses inputs to exercise paths through the code and determine the expected outputs. This is analogous to testing nodes in a circuit, e.g. in-circuit testing (ICT). White-box testing can be applied at the unit, integration and", "title": "White-box testing" } ]

[ "having knowledge of internal data structures and algorithms" ]

[ "Grey-box testing (American spelling: gray-box testing) involves having knowledge of internal data structures and algorithms for purposes of designing tests, while executing those tests at the user, or black-box level. The tester is not required to have full access to the software's source code.[not in citation given] Manipulating input data and formatting output do not qualify as grey-box, because the input and output are clearly outside of the \"black box\" that we are calling the system under test. This distinction is particularly important when conducting integration testing between two modules of code written by two different developers, where only the interfaces are exposed for test." ]

[ "" ]

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[ 2.713465929031372, 1.1583350896835327, 1.6977957487106323, 0.7428176403045654, 0.00018515191914048046, 1.8158589601516724 ]

[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "in series through hubs" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "allowing up to five tiers. A USB host may have multiple controllers, each with one or more ports. Up to 127 devices may be connected to a single host controller. USB devices are linked in series through hubs. The hub built into the host controller is called root hub. A USB device may consist of several logical sub-devices that are referred to as \"device functions\". A \"composite device\" may provide several functions, for example, a webcam (video device function) with a built-in microphone (audio device function). An alternative to this is \"compound device,\" in which the host assigns each logical", "title": "USB" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "allowing up to five tiers. A USB host may have multiple controllers, each with one or more ports. Up to 127 devices may be connected to a single host controller. USB devices are linked in series through hubs. The hub built into the host controller is called root hub. A USB device may consist of several logical sub-devices that are referred to as \"device functions\". A \"composite device\" may provide several functions, for example, a webcam (video device function) with a built-in microphone (audio device function). An alternative to this is \"compound device,\" in which the host assigns each logical", "title": "USB" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "musician, composer and director of the Folk Orchestra of the State and Tipica de Yucalpetén. Alberto Bojórquez Pérez Perez Alberto Bojorquez, Promoting tourism and the peninsula. Hunucmá Municipality Hunucmá Municipality (In the Yucatec Maya Language: “only answers”) is one of the 106 municipalities in the Mexican state of Yucatán containing (599.10 km) of land and located roughly 25 km west of the city of Mérida. It is unknown which chieftainship the area was under prior to the arrival of the Spanish. After the conquest the area became part of the encomienda system. The encomienda was established under Francisco de Montejo", "title": "Hunucmá Municipality" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Murderers and The Photons, and Egan was working with Midge Ure in the band The Rich Kids. The trio recorded a demo which included a cover of the Zager and Evans hit \"In the Year 2525\". The Visage line-up was completed with the addition of Ultravox keyboardist Billy Currie and three-fifths of the post-punk band Magazine – guitarist John McGeoch, keyboardist Dave Formula and bassist Barry Adamson (who left the band early on after the band's debut single, but returned as a session musician). Producer Martin Rushent had heard some of the band's material at \"Billy's\" nightclub and financed further", "title": "Visage (band)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Edward William Everett Edward Everett (1821, Hackney, England - 1904, Nelson, New Zealand) was the Mayor of Nelson in the 19th century for two periods. As a Councillor, Everett was named as one of several Councillors who voted for the appointment of Joseph Levien in 1875. Everett was the third Mayor of Nelson, replacing Joseph Levien who died in office. Everett was elected unopposed on 16 June 1876. He was appointed as a Justice of the Peace on 6 July 1876. On 8 December 1876 Councillor Pickering, on behalf of all the Councillors expressed gratitude to the Mayor for his", "title": "Edward William Everett" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "its previous weekend while passing the $200 million mark. This made it the second-biggest third weekend for a film that did not open at over $100 million, behind \"Avatar\" ($68 million) and ahead of \"Skyfall\" ($35 million). The film was overtaken by the superhero film \"\" in its fourth weekend, despite only a marginal decline. It spent a total of 13 consecutive weeks in the top ten, more than any other film except for \"Avatar\" (14 weeks) and \"Frozen\" (16 weeks) over the last decade. It ended its theatrical run on August 4, 2016, after playing in theaters for a", "title": "Zootopia" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "point in the dominance of hurling by Kilkenny teams. In 2009, Kilkenny's dominance was lessened and it was suggested that they were entering a decline. They saw off an emerging Dublin side in the Leinster final thanks to two goals from Martin Comerford. Nevertheless, they reached the final and secured a four-in-a-row with a five-point win over old rivals, Tipperary who mounted a formidable challenge to their crown in an absorbing final which made up for the mis-matches of the two previous years when only token resistance was presented by Limerick and Waterford. Kilkenny became the first team since Cork", "title": "Kilkenny GAA" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "generic descriptions, it is easy for operating system designers to include functioning drivers for devices such as keyboards, mice, and other generic human interface devices. The inclusion of these generic drivers allows for faster deployment of devices and easier installation by end-users. The USB human interface device class can be used to describe both device and interface classes. The interface class is used when a USB device can contain more than one function. It is possible, therefore, to have USB devices with two different interfaces at the same time (for example, a USB telephone may use a keypad covered by", "title": "USB human interface device class" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "for an Embedded Host which has targeted abilities and the same USB Standard-A port used by PCs. SuperSpeed OTG devices, Embedded Hosts and peripherals are supported through the USB OTG and Embedded Host Supplement to the USB 3.0 specification. The USB OTG and Embedded Host Supplement to the USB 2.0 specification introduced three new communication protocols: The main purpose of HNP is to accommodate users who have connected the A and B devices (see below) in the wrong direction for the task they want to perform. For example, a printer is connected as the A-device (host), but cannot function as", "title": "USB On-The-Go" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "converters are available that convert USB data signals to and from other communications standards. USB USB (abbreviation of Universal Serial Bus) is an industry standard that establishes specifications for cables, connectors and protocols for connection, communication and power supply between personal computers and their peripheral devices. Released in 1996, the USB standard is currently maintained by the USB Implementers Forum (USB IF). There have been three generations of USB specifications: USB 1.\"x\", USB 2.0, USB 3.\"x\". USB was designed to standardize the connection of peripherals like keyboards, pointing devices, digital still and video cameras, printers, portable media players, disk drives", "title": "USB" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "JTAG is also provided via USB. Devices also have a connector to which small expansion boards can be fitted on the top of the main board. There are expansion boards for wireless, motion sensors, Bluetooth and so on. All Calao USB keys have a wired LAN port. Some also have additional USB sockets. Calao devices use U-boot and run version 2.6 of the Linux kernel. The company recommends the GNU toolchain to develop the software for these devices. Calao Systems Calao Systems was a French company producing small Linux-based computers, roughly the size of a USB key. The company has", "title": "Calao Systems" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "power for charging portable devices from attached external displays. Originally developed by AMD and Texas Instruments, it has been announced as a VESA specification in 2014. On 22 September 2014, VESA published the \"DisplayPort Alternate Mode on USB Type-C Connector Standard\", a specification on how to send DisplayPort signals over the newly released USB-C connector. One, two or all four of the differential pairs that USB uses for the SuperSpeed bus can be configured dynamically to be used for DisplayPort lanes. In the first two cases, the connector still can carry a full SuperSpeed signal; in the latter case, at", "title": "DisplayPort" } ]

[ "in series through hubs" ]

[ "The design architecture of USB is asymmetrical in its topology, consisting of a host, a multitude of downstream USB ports, and multiple peripheral devices connected in a tiered-star topology. Additional USB hubs may be included in the tiers, allowing branching into a tree structure with up to five tier levels. A USB host may implement multiple host controllers and each host controller may provide one or more USB ports. Up to 127 devices, including hub devices if present, may be connected to a single host controller. USB devices are linked in series through hubs. One hub—built into the host controller—is the root hub." ]

[ "" ]

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[ 2.6563661098480225, 2.6027591228485107, 1.4948123693466187, 0.6851456165313721, 0.0001381541951559484, 1.7394540309906006 ]

[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "UMG" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "acquisition of BMG. Sony Music was partnered with \"American Idol\" and distribute its music, and In 2010, Sony was replaced by as the music label for \"American Idol\" by UMG's Interscope-Geffen-A&M Records. \"American Idol\" video games On February 14, 2009, The Walt Disney Company debuted \"The American Idol Experience\" at its Disney's Hollywood Studios theme park at the Walt Disney World Resort in Florida. In this live production, co-produced by 19 Entertainment, park guests chose from a list of songs and auditioned privately for Disney cast members. Those selected then performed on a stage in a 1000-seat theater replicating the", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "acquisition of BMG. Sony Music was partnered with \"American Idol\" and distribute its music, and In 2010, Sony was replaced by as the music label for \"American Idol\" by UMG's Interscope-Geffen-A&M Records. \"American Idol\" video games On February 14, 2009, The Walt Disney Company debuted \"The American Idol Experience\" at its Disney's Hollywood Studios theme park at the Walt Disney World Resort in Florida. In this live production, co-produced by 19 Entertainment, park guests chose from a list of songs and auditioned privately for Disney cast members. Those selected then performed on a stage in a 1000-seat theater replicating the", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "subsequently overturned by the High Court in the Second Uniform Tax case. South Australia v Commonwealth South Australia v Commonwealth (\"the First Uniform Tax case\") is a decision of the High Court of Australia that established the Commonwealth government's ability to impose a scheme of uniform income tax across the country and displace the State. It was a major contributor to Australia's vertical fiscal imbalance in the spending requirements and taxing abilities of the various levels of government, and was thus a watershed moment in the development of federalism in Australia. In 1942, during the Second World War, the Commonwealth", "title": "South Australia v Commonwealth" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "the Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government, Eric Pickles, announced that the Commission was to be scrapped, with its functions being transferred to the voluntary, not-for-profit or private sector. The government aimed to save £50m annually, with the Commission's function transferred to local council ombudsmen and private accounting firms. Accounting body ACCA expressed doubt that the private sector would match the commission’s experience and consistency. The Financial Reporting Council suggested to a House of Lords committee that Government should not sell the Audit Commission's practice to any of the Big Four auditors, otherwise their dominance of the audit", "title": "Audit Commission (United Kingdom)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "preferable to \"the funk Edward Grey('s) procrastinat(ion)\". He lunched with Grey and Sir Eyre Crowe (Assistant Under-Secretary at the Foreign Office) on 9 August, urging them that Britain must mobilise on the same day as France and send the whole six divisions. He thought Grey \"the most ignorant & careless of the two … an ignorant, vain & weak man quite unfit to be the Foreign Minister of any country larger than Portugal\". Wilson was perhaps unappreciative that Grey was not only trying to find a peaceful resolution but also had to consider the domestic political crisis as the Parliament", "title": "Sir Henry Wilson, 1st Baronet" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Over the years, Edwards has earned many Emmy nominations and in 2008, won a New England Emmy for her producing and reporting work on \"Backstage.\" She has also won three Telly Awards, a national award given by industry professionals, and a New England Cable Television award for excellence in programming. Edwards also holds three honorary degrees from universities in the Boston area. Sara Edwards (American television presenter) Sara Edwards is a freelance reporter, producer, film critic and media consultant who owns Sara Edwards Media, currently based in San Marino, California. She was previously based in Boston, Massachusetts where she was", "title": "Sara Edwards (American television presenter)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "one of the vampires from Sunday's gang, fleeing the scene, is hit with a taser by three masked men in camouflage fatigues. The Freshman (Buffy the Vampire Slayer) \"The Freshman\" is the first episode of season 4 of the television show \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\". The episode was written and directed by series creator Joss Whedon. The narrative follows Buffy Summers as she attempts to fit into her new college environment at UC-Sunnydale. She first encounters several problems and struggles with her feelings of isolation. Willow is blossoming with Oz in the new environment, Xander is away, and Rupert Giles,", "title": "The Freshman (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "was expected by the owner company EMI Records, so in 1995 the management team which had been led so successfully by Roger Woodhead was re-structured and Music For Pleasure became a sub label of the newly launched EMI Gold headed up by Paul Holland. The label continued with some measure of success with releases from classic artists such as Shirley Bassey, Nat King Cole, Cliff Richard, Dean Martin and even Classic Sing-A-Long Party CDs. In 1999 when Paul Holland left to join Granada, Steve Woof took over the running of the label. The affiliated label Disky from the Netherlands was", "title": "Music for Pleasure (record label)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Annemarie Eilfeld Annemarie Eilfeld (born 2 May 1990 in Lutherstadt Wittenberg, Saxony-Anhalt) is a German singer and songwriter, best known for being a former contestant of \"Deutschland sucht den Superstar\", the German version of the \"Idols\" franchise. She released her first single, \"Animal Instinct,\" in May 2010. Annemarie Eilfeld is the daughter of a music teacher and an estate agent. In Eilfeld's early childhood her family moved from Wittenberg to Dessau-Roßlau. At the age of seven, she began an education in music and dance. Over the following years, she took part in various local song contests. In 2004, she participated", "title": "Annemarie Eilfeld" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "be released this year. In 2018 EP Entertainment celebrated the 60th Grammy Awards where their artist Alessia Cara took home the award for Best New Artist. EP Entertainment EP Entertainment is an American record label founded by Robert \"Robeo\" Eleazer and Tony \"The Negotiator\" Perez. EP Entertainment operates in partnerships with Capitol Music Group / Universal Music Group. EP is a full-service entertainment company. It self-operates within divisions in music publishing, touring and merchandising; film & television; new business ventures; as well as a music label. EP Entertainment is home to a diverse roster of recording artists, writers, and producers", "title": "EP Entertainment" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "on Big Machine label. \"Beautiful Life\" was the FIFA 2015 Women's World Cup official anthem. Fradiani headlined the \"American Idols LIVE! Tour 2015\", a thirty-seven city tour over eight weeks featuring the top five contestants. Following Fradiani's \"Idol\" win, his label offered a non-target PledgeMusic campaign for pre-orders and merchandise sales. During the six weeks before the start of the American Idols LIVE! tour, Fradiani played a number of radio-sponsored concerts, and worked on new songs with writers including Paul Doucette. In September, following the end of the tour, work on the new album intensified, although Fradiani also played shows", "title": "Nick Fradiani" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Records. The Columbia/Epic Label Group ended the year 2010 with the largest album market share among all label groups with a 10.96 share, according to The Nielsen Company. Rob Stringer acted as the CEO/Chairman of the company. The Columbia/Epic Label Group was split in half in July 2011, when Doug Morris became the new head of Sony Music. Epic Records was separated and is now headed by L.A. Reid. This ultimately lead Columbia to being a stand-alone label under Sony Music. Columbia/Epic Label Group Columbia/Epic Label Group was an American record label group, owned by Sony Music Entertainment. The Columbia/Epic", "title": "Columbia/Epic Label Group" } ]

[ "UMG" ]

[ "19 Recordings, a recording label owned by 19 Entertainment, currently hold the rights to phonographic material recorded by all the contestants. 19 originally partnered with Bertelsmann Music Group (BMG) to promote and distribute the recordings through its labels RCA Records, Arista Records, J Records, Jive Records. In 2005-2007, BMG partnered with Sony Music Entertainment to form a joint venture known as Sony BMG Music Entertainment. From 2008-2010, Sony Music handled the distribution following their acquisition of BMG. Sony Music was partnered with American Idol and distribute its music, and In 2010, Sony was replaced by as the music label for American Idol by UMG's Interscope-Geffen-A&M Records." ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "Maxwell" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "was a Maxwell observation involving hydrogen, half a century before full quantum mechanical theory arrived. Maxwell observed that the specific heat capacity of H unaccountably departs from that of a diatomic gas below room temperature and begins to increasingly resemble that of a monatomic gas at cryogenic temperatures. According to quantum theory, this behavior arises from the spacing of the (quantized) rotational energy levels, which are particularly wide-spaced in H because of its low mass. These widely spaced levels inhibit equal partition of heat energy into rotational motion in hydrogen at low temperatures. Diatomic gases composed of heavier atoms do", "title": "Hydrogen" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "was a Maxwell observation involving hydrogen, half a century before full quantum mechanical theory arrived. Maxwell observed that the specific heat capacity of H unaccountably departs from that of a diatomic gas below room temperature and begins to increasingly resemble that of a monatomic gas at cryogenic temperatures. According to quantum theory, this behavior arises from the spacing of the (quantized) rotational energy levels, which are particularly wide-spaced in H because of its low mass. These widely spaced levels inhibit equal partition of heat energy into rotational motion in hydrogen at low temperatures. Diatomic gases composed of heavier atoms do", "title": "Hydrogen" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jake Taylor (footballer) Jake William Trevor Taylor (born 1 December 1991) is a Welsh international professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Exeter City in League Two. Taylor joined Reading at the age of eight. Having scored 20 goals for the club's academy and under-18 sides during the 2009–10 season, he was handed his debut for the Royals in a League Cup game against Northampton Town at the Madejski Stadium on 24 August 2010, which ended in a 3–3 draw, with Northampton winning on penalties. He came on as a second-half substitute for Julian Kelly. He made his Football", "title": "Jake Taylor (footballer)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Browne Wright, b. 29 January 1769, d. 24 May 1837), was a printer and lay-preacher in Liverpool, author of ‘History of Religious Persecutions’ (Liverpool, 1816, 8vo), and editor of the ‘Christian Reflector’ (1822–7), a unitarian monthly. His brother, John Wright, lay-preacher in Liverpool, was the subject of an abortive prosecution for blasphemy in a sermon delivered on Tuesday, 1 April 1817. He emigrated to Georgetown, United States of America. Richard Wright's grandson, John Wright (1824–1900), was one of the projectors (1861) of the ‘Unitarian Herald.’ Richard Wright (Unitarian) Richard Wright (7 February 1764 – 16 September 1836) was an English", "title": "Richard Wright (Unitarian)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "announced in November 1998 that it intended to purchase 28 BAE/SAAB JAS 39 Gripen fighter aircraft from Sweden at a cost of R10.875 billion, i.e. R388 million (about US$65 million) per plane. The Arms Deal was plagued by accusations of corruption and in 2011 President Zuma announced a commission of enquiry \"into allegations of fraud, corruption, impropriety or irregularity in the Strategic Defence Procurement Packages\". The Commission was chaired by Judge Seriti, a judge of the Supreme Court of Appeal and became known as the Seriti Commission. In a January 2001 report, the Attorney-General of the Western Cape and the", "title": "South African Arms Deal" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Green beret The green beret was the official headdress of the British Commandos of the Second World War. It is still worn by members of the Royal Marines after passing the Commando Course and personnel from other units of the Royal Navy, Army and RAF who serve within 3 Commando Brigade and who have passed the All Arms Commando Course. There are certain other military organizations which also wear the green beret because they have regimental or unit histories that have a connection with the British Commandos of the Second World War. These include the Australian, French and Dutch commandos.", "title": "Green beret" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "under the name Kenny and The Cadets, which comprised Brian, Carl, and Audree Wilson, and Al Jardine (after he'd left The Beach Boys). These appear as stereo mixes with the vocals on one channel, the instrumental track on the other. The originally released single was mono. Lost & Found (1961–62) Lost & Found (1961–62) is a Beach Boys compilation album which was released in 1991 under DCC Compact Classics record company. The album contains all of the early recordings of the band before they were signed to their first major record label, Capitol Records. This release is notable to collectors", "title": "Lost & Found (1961–62)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "and the liquid is constant until all ice has melted. The terms latent and sensible are correlative. The sensible heat of a thermodynamic process may be calculated as the product of the body's mass (\"m\") with its specific heat capacity (\"c\") and the change in temperature (formula_1): \"Sensible heat\" and \"latent heat\" are not special forms of energy. Rather, they describe exchanges of heat under conditions specified in terms of their effect on a material or a thermodynamic system. In the writings of the early scientists who provided the foundations of thermodynamics, sensible heat had a clear meaning in calorimetry.", "title": "Sensible heat" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "this means that Applying the ideal gas law, this becomes assuming that the quantity of gas stays constant, e.g., there is no phase transition during a chemical reaction. According to the equipartition theorem, the change in internal energy is related to the temperature of the system by where \"c\" is specific heat at a constant volume. Substituting the last two equations into the first equation produces: where \"c\" is specific heat at a constant pressure, and the \"c+R\" was brought to \"c\" by Mayer's relation. To find the molar specific heat capacity of the gas involved, the following equations apply", "title": "Isobaric process" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "is especially important in aircraft cooling is that the specific heat capacity changes with pressure, and this pressure changes more rapidly with altitude than the drop in temperature. Thus, generally, liquid cooling systems lose capacity as the aircraft climbs. This was a major limit on performance during the 1930s when the introduction of turbosuperchargers first allowed convenient travel at altitudes above 15,000 ft, and cooling design became a major area of research. The most obvious, and common, solution to this problem was to run the entire cooling system under pressure. This maintained the specific heat capacity at a constant value,", "title": "Radiator (engine cooling)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "temperatures. This relationship was noticed empirically in 1819, and is called the Dulong–Petit law, after its two discoverers. Historically, the fact that specific heat capacities are approximately equal when corrected by the presumed weight of the atoms of solids, was an important piece of data in favor of the atomic theory of matter. Because of the connection of heat capacity to the number of atoms, some care should be taken to specify a mole-of-molecules basis vs. a mole-of-atoms basis, when comparing specific heat capacities of molecular solids and gases. Ideal gases have the same numbers of molecules per volume, so", "title": "Heat capacity" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "for any general gas that is calorically perfect. The property \"γ\" is either called the adiabatic index or the heat capacity ratio. Some published sources might use \"k\" instead of \"γ\". Molar isochoric specific heat: Molar isobaric specific heat: The values for \"γ\" are \"γ\" = for diatomic gases like air and its major components, and \"γ\" = for monatomic gases like the noble gases. The formulas for specific heats would reduce in these special cases: Monatomic: Diatomic: An isobaric process is shown on a \"P\"–\"V\" diagram as a straight horizontal line, connecting the initial and final thermostatic states. If", "title": "Isobaric process" } ]

[ "Maxwell" ]

[ "One of the first quantum effects to be explicitly noticed (but not understood at the time) was a Maxwell observation involving hydrogen, half a century before full quantum mechanical theory arrived. Maxwell observed that the specific heat capacity of H2 unaccountably departs from that of a diatomic gas below room temperature and begins to increasingly resemble that of a monatomic gas at cryogenic temperatures. According to quantum theory, this behavior arises from the spacing of the (quantized) rotational energy levels, which are particularly wide-spaced in H2 because of its low mass. These widely spaced levels inhibit equal partition of heat energy into rotational motion in hydrogen at low temperatures. Diatomic gases composed of heavier atoms do not have such widely spaced levels and do not exhibit the same effect." ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "Camp Bondsteel" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "even in the world ... Nowhere else can you find such respect and hospitality for the President of the United States. Even in Michigan, he wouldn't be as welcome.\" At the time of ex-Secretary of State James Baker's visit in 1992, there was even a move to hold a referendum declaring the country as the 51st American state. In addition to Albania, Kosovo (which is predominately Albanian) is seen as a 51st state due to the heavily presence and influence of the United States. The U.S. has had troops and the largest base outside U.S. territory, Camp Bondsteel, in the", "title": "51st state" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "in particular to predict the production cross section of a Higgs particle with low momentum together with two forward jets. With Chen Ning Yang he studied CP violation and what not such as globalization of the gauge theory. More recently, Wu has studied quantum information processing based on the Schrödinger equation without any spatial dimension in the modeling and application of quantum memories. Tai Tsun Wu Tai Tsun Wu (, September 1, 1933) is a Chinese-born American physicist and applied physicist well known for his contributions to high-energy nuclear physics and statistical mechanics. Born in Shanghai, he studied electrical engineering", "title": "Tai Tsun Wu" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "received the 2001 Dr. Dobb's Excellence in Programming Award for his work on Turbo Pascal, Delphi, C# and the Microsoft .NET Framework. Together with Shon Katzenberger, Scott Wiltamuth, Todd Proebsting, Erik Meijer, Peter Hallam and Peter Sollich, Anders was awarded a Technical Recognition Award for Outstanding Technical Achievement for their work on the C# language in 2007. A video about this is available at Microsoft Channel 9. Anders Hejlsberg Anders Hejlsberg (, born 2 December 1960) is a prominent Danish software engineer who co-designed several popular and commercially successful programming languages and development tools. He was the original author of", "title": "Anders Hejlsberg" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Welch Allyn in 2006; $25,000 by Volvo in 2008; and $100,000 by United Technologies Corporation in 2008. John Dau Foundation The John Dau Foundation (JDF), also known as John Dau Sudan Foundation (JDSF) is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit that was established in July 2007 to develop health facilities that currently do not exist for most of the populations of Duk, Twic East and Bor South Counties in the State of Jonglei in South Sudan. Its mission is to \"transform healthcare in South Sudan.\" Currently, the organization’s primary focus is on funding and overseeing the Duk Lost Boys Clinic. The Duk Lost", "title": "John Dau Foundation" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "the French representative, was the fifth member to sign the founding document and also the first president of the LIHG. The second congress was held from 22–25 January 1909 in Chamonix, France. Playing and competitions rules were established, and an agreement was reached for an annual European Championship to be contested, beginning in 1910. The 1909 Coupe de Chamonix was contested during the congress. It was won by Princes Ice Hockey Club, representing Great Britain. Germany became the sixth LIHG member on 19 September 1909. The third LIHG Congress was held on 9 January 1910 in Montreux, Switzerland. Louis Magnus", "title": "International Ice Hockey Federation" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "a koala, the stories also present messages of conservation. Blinky Bill is known for his mischievousness and his love for his mother. His friends include his step-sister Nutsy, his kangaroo friend Splodge, his platypus friend Flap, Marcia the marsupial mouse, and his mentor Mr Wombat or Wombo, as Blinky prefers to call him. In general throughout the stories he does things that are realistic for koalas as well as things that child readers would like to do. Wall tells the stories directly to the children and Blinky often interacts with the readers in an introduction. Her dedications are often to", "title": "Blinky Bill" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Al-Tanf (US base) Al-Tanf (), sometimes referred to as \"At Tanf\", is a military base of the US-led international coalition with a declared purpose of countering the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL). It is located 24 km to the west from the al-Tanf border crossing between Syria and Iraq in Homs Governorate. The military outpost was established by the United States Armed Forces in early 2016 to train anti-ISIL fighters of the New Syrian Army, which changed its name to the Revolutionary Commando Army in December 2016. The US refers to the group as part of the", "title": "Al-Tanf (US base)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "North Vietnam early on, for fear of repeating the Korean War but now with a thermonuclear-armed China. However, it is unclear exactly what Beijing's reaction to a US invasion of North Vietnam would have been—Mao Zedong reportedly told journalist Edgar Snow in 1965 that China had no intention of fighting to save the Hanoi regime and would not engage the US military unless it crossed into Chinese territory. On other occasions, Mao expressed confidence that the People's Liberation Army could take on the US again, much like it did in Korea. Whatever Chinese plans might have been, the Johnson Administration", "title": "China–United States relations" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "the purposes of settling on a reservation. The Chippewa (also \"Ojibwe\", \"Ojibway\", \"Chippeway\", \"Anishinaabe\") are the largest Native American group north of the Rio Grande. Their population is split between Canada (where they are known as the Ojibwe) and the United States. The Bay Mills Indian Community is located at the land base of the Sault Ste. Marie band of Chippewa, which originally occupied land on both sides of what became the US-Canada border. After passage of the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934, the Bay Mills Indian Community organized to recreate a form of government. The territory of the Grand", "title": "Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "a restructuring in 2000 led to the closing of HQ AFNORTH in Kolsås, Norway. The current title was adopted in 2004 to add flexibility to the military command structure by removing regional restrictions. The main base area, Hendrik Camp, was built on a former coal mine called Hendrik Mine. Brunssum is also the home of the AFNORTH International School, located just outside Hendrik Camp. AFNORTH International School is a K-12 school that mainly provides service to American, British, Canadian, and German dependents of military personnel assigned to JFC Brunssum, the US Army base in Schinnen, and NATO Air Base in", "title": "Brunssum" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "island. An overseas military base is a military base that is geographically located outside of the territory of the country whose armed forces are the principal occupants of the base. The overseas military base has, throughout its history of usage (and particularly in peacetime and the host country's period of civil unrest), been a contentious issue of debate, and is often a source of opposition for antimilitarists and nationalists in the host country. Such bases may be established by treaties between the governing power in the host country and another country which needs to establish the military base in the", "title": "Military base" } ]

[ "Camp Bondsteel" ]

[ "Albania has often been called the 51st state for its perceived strongly pro-American positions, mainly because of the United States' policies towards it. In reference to President George W. Bush's 2007 European tour, Edi Rama, Tirana's mayor and leader of the opposition Socialists, said: \"Albania is for sure the most pro-American country in Europe, maybe even in the world ... Nowhere else can you find such respect and hospitality for the President of the United States. Even in Michigan, he wouldn't be as welcome.\" At the time of ex-Secretary of State James Baker's visit in 1992, there was even a move to hold a referendum declaring the country as the 51st American state. In addition to Albania, Kosovo which is predominately Albanian is seen as a 51st state due to the heavily presence and influence of the United States. The US has had troops and the largest base outside US territory, Camp Bondsteel in the territory since 1999." ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "$67bn" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Probably not.\" \"The Register\" reported the view of William Blair & Company that the merger would \"blow up the current IT chess board\", forcing other IT infrastructure vendors to restructure to achieve scale and vertical integration. The value of VMware stock fell 10% after the announcement, valuing the deal at around $63–64bn rather than the $67bn originally reported. Key investors backing the deal besides Dell were Singapore's Temasek Holdings and Silver Lake Partners. On September 7, 2016, Dell completed its acquisition of EMC. Post-acquisition, Dell was re-organized with a new parent company, Dell Technologies; Dell's consumer and workstation businesses are", "title": "Dell" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "rating system also allows Harmonix to suggest new songs to players in the Rock Band store. Players are also able to create, save, name, and design art for custom set lists which they can share through the game's online services or through the \"Rock Band\" website. The \"Battle of the Bands\" mode featured in \"Rock Band 2\", in which Harmonix created daily and weekly themed challenges based on the library of songs, extends into \"Rock Band 3\", but allows players to create the challenges themselves from the within the game or the website, including the type of challenges, what instrument(s)", "title": "Rock Band 3" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Power Generator by the Sustainable Energy Development Authority. In June 2011, the wind farm was acquired by the APA Group for $170 million from the failed Griffin Group. When APA group bought Emu Downs, it realised that there is usually a drop in output in the middle of the day as the wind changes. To balance that and achieve better utilisation of transmission infrastructure, APA has installed a 20MW solar farm on the same site. Its peak output is during the time when the wind farm is not at full capacity, so no additional capacity was needed in the substation", "title": "Emu Downs Wind Farm" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "two date concert series \"Wild Life\" in December 2010. The song was noticed for its digital success in the burgeoning ringtone market in Japan, with 29% of the revenue she had received from the song coming from ringtones. A music video was released for the song, directed by her then husband Kazuaki Kiriya, who had directed all of her music videos since \"Final Distance\" (2001). The video clip was a mix of strongly colored CGI imagery of a fantasy forest and animals, as well as scenes of Utada standing in this forest. The imagery seen in the video was inspired", "title": "Sakura Drops" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "of his treatment. He returned to Florida however in September 1766 with a further 50 settlers. He returned to England again in January 1768, and again complained to the Board of Trade. Rolle's settlers were in the opinion of observers deemed low quality, of poor morality, indisciplined and not capable of hard work. Soon due to Rolle's harsh management style and their own unsuitability his colonists rebelled and deserted to Georgia or South Carolina, whereupon Rolle gave up his Utopian ideals and employed African slave labour. The plantation produced among other crops rice, corn and turpentine tar from pine trees", "title": "Denys Rolle (died 1797)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "case has recourse to the courts. \"Article 23\" gives everyone the right to submit a petition to the \"public powers\". \"Articles 24, 25, and 26\" spell out Andorrans' political rights, namely the franchise, the right to access to public institutions, and the right to form political parties as long as their activities are legal and they are democratic in nature. \"Articles 27 to 36\" cover \"economic, social, and cultural rights and principles\". As might be expected, it forbids Andorrans to be deprived of their property without due process, and it also recognises the right to enterprise in the framework of", "title": "Constitution of Andorra" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "estimate of the intrinsic value of a stock, based on predictions of the future cash flows and profitability of the business. Fundamental analysis may be replaced or augmented by market criteria – what the market will pay for the stock, disregarding intrinsic value. These can be combined as \"predictions of future cash flows/profits (fundamental)\", together with \"what will the market pay for these profits?\" These can be seen as \"supply and demand\" sides – what underlies the supply (of stock), and what drives the (market) demand for stock? In the view of John Maynard Keynes, stock valuation is not a", "title": "Stock valuation" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "the charges in such vehicles lack transparency. In a unit trust, units are managed within what is known as the \"Managers Box\". The Box Manager of the fund will make a decision at each valuation point whether or not to Create (add) or to Liquidate (Remove) units based on the final net sales and redemptions prior to the next valuation point where the Fund is priced on a \"Forward Basis\", or at the actual valuation point where the fund is priced on an Historic basis. Forward pricing is the most common. The underlying value of the assets is always directly", "title": "Unit trust" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Intellectual property valuation Valuation is considered as one of the most critical areas in finance; it plays a key role in many areas of finance such as buy/sell, solvency, merger and acquisition. There are numerous individual reasons or motivations for conducting an intellectual property valuation or economic appraisal analysis. A valuation is prepared, for example, for transactions, pricing and strategic purposes, financing securitization and collateralization, tax planning and compliance, and litigation support. Intellectual property derives its value from a wide range of significant parameters such as market share, barriers to entry, legal protection, IP’s profitability, industrial and economic factors, growth", "title": "Intellectual property valuation" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Valuation (finance) In finance, valuation is the process of determining the present value (PV) of an asset. Valuations can be done on assets (for example, investments in marketable securities such as stocks, options, business enterprises, or intangible assets such as patents and trademarks) or on liabilities (e.g., bonds issued by a company). Valuations are needed for many reasons such as investment analysis, capital budgeting, merger and acquisition transactions, financial reporting, taxable events to determine the proper tax liability, and in litigation. Valuation of financial assets is done generally using one or more of the following approaches; but see also, Outline", "title": "Valuation (finance)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "new data and valuation services. Completion of the transaction was subject to regulatory approval and other customary closing conditions. The transaction completed on December 14, 2015. In December 2015, ICE acquired Trayport for $650 million from GFI Group. Trayport provides a trading technology platform that serves brokers, exchanges, clearing houses and trading participants, primarily in the European utility markets. Approximately 70%-80% of European utility trades flow through its platform. Following the acquisition, the Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) called in the merger for review. In October 2016 it announced its decision to require ICE to sell Trayport, having ruled that", "title": "Intercontinental Exchange" } ]

[ "$67bn" ]

[ "The combined business is expected to address the markets for scale-out architecture, converged infrastructure and private cloud computing, playing to the strengths of both EMC and Dell. Commentators have questioned the deal, with FBR Capital Markets saying that though it makes a \"ton of sense\" for Dell, it's a \"nightmare scenario that would lack strategic synergies\" for EMC. Fortune said there was a lot for Dell to like in EMC's portfolio, but \"does it all add up enough to justify tens of billions of dollars for the entire package? Probably not.\" The Register reported the view of William Blair & Company that the merger would \"blow up the current IT chess board\", forcing other IT infrastructure vendors to restructure to achieve scale and vertical integration. The value of VMware stock fell 10% after the announcement, valuing the deal at around $63–64bn rather than the $67bn originally reported." ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "falling sea levels" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "or Africa—for example, . The specifics of Paleo-Indian migration to and throughout the Americas, including the exact dates and routes traveled, are the subject of ongoing research and discussion. According to archaeological and genetic evidence, North and South America were the last continents in the world to gain human habitation. During the Wisconsin glaciation, 50–17,000 years ago, falling sea levels allowed people to move across the land bridge of Beringia that joined Siberia to northwest North America (Alaska). Alaska was a glacial refugium because it had low snowfall, allowing a small population to exist. The Laurentide Ice Sheet covered most", "title": "Indigenous peoples of the Americas" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "South America were the last continents in the world with human habitation. During the Wisconsin glaciation, 50,000–17,000 years ago, falling sea levels allowed people to move across the Bering land bridge that joined Siberia to north west North America (Alaska). Alaska was ice-free because of low snowfall, allowing a small population to exist. The Laurentide ice sheet covered most of Canada, blocking nomadic inhabitants and confining them to Alaska (East Beringia) for thousands of years. Aboriginal genetic studies suggest that the first inhabitants of the Americas share a single ancestral population, one that developed in isolation, conjectured to be Beringia.", "title": "Indigenous peoples in Canada" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "or Africa—for example, . The specifics of Paleo-Indian migration to and throughout the Americas, including the exact dates and routes traveled, are the subject of ongoing research and discussion. According to archaeological and genetic evidence, North and South America were the last continents in the world to gain human habitation. During the Wisconsin glaciation, 50–17,000 years ago, falling sea levels allowed people to move across the land bridge of Beringia that joined Siberia to northwest North America (Alaska). Alaska was a glacial refugium because it had low snowfall, allowing a small population to exist. The Laurentide Ice Sheet covered most", "title": "Indigenous peoples of the Americas" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "that has also been strongly influenced by its linguistic, geographic and economic neighbour, the United States. Since the conclusion of the Second World War, Canadians have supported multi-lateralism abroad and socioeconomic development domestically. Archeological and Indigenous genetic evidence indicate that North and South America were the last continents into which humans migrated. During the Wisconsin glaciation, 50,000–17,000 years ago, falling sea levels allowed people to move gradually across the Bering land bridge (Beringia), from Siberia into northwest North America. At that point, they were blocked by the Laurentide ice sheet that covered most of Canada, confining them to Alaska and", "title": "History of Canada" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "History of cities in Canada Canada's cities span the continent of North America from east to west, with many major cities located relatively close to the border with the United States. Cities are home to the majority of Canada's approximately 35.75 million inhabitants(as of 2015)—just over 80 percent of Canadians lived in urban areas in 2006. During the Wisconsin glaciation 50,000-17,000 years ago, falling sea levels allowed people to move across the Bering land bridge that joined Siberia to northwestern North America (Alaska). Alaska was ice-free because of low snowfall, allowing a small population to exist. The Laurentide ice sheet", "title": "History of cities in Canada" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "average period and specific past years. Human habitation in the North American polar region goes back at least 50,000–17,000 years ago, during the Wisconsin glaciation. At this time, falling sea levels allowed people to move across the Bering land bridge that joined Siberia to north west North America (Alaska), leading to the Settlement of the Americas. Paleo-Eskimo groups included the Pre-Dorset (c. 3200 – 850 B.C.); the Saqqaq culture of Greenland (2500 – 800 B.C.); the Independence I and Independence II cultures of northeastern Canada and Greenland (c. 2400 – 1800 B.C. and c. 800 – 1 B.C.); the Groswater", "title": "Arctic Ocean" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "the Vice Chair of the Joint Committee on Election Laws and also serves as a member of the Joint Committee on Transportation, the Joint Committee on Community Development and Small Businesses, and the House Committee on Bonding, Capital Expenditures and State Assets. In 2018 the Massachusetts legislature used the principles of a bill he filed to create a Paid Family and Medical Leave program, which was signed into law as part of a \"Grand Bargain\" bill. Gordon lives in Bedford with his wife, Breena Daniell, and their son, Brandon. In Bedford, he served as vice-chair of the Zoning Board, and", "title": "Ken Gordon (American politician)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "had happened over a decade ago. She now faces a fourth ethical complaint due to a contract written by her as a notary in 1999. Charbonier served as Secretary General of the New Progressive Party (PNP) during Pedro Rosselló's tenure as Governor of Puerto Rico. She appeared in a ballot for the first time in 2008 when she ran for delegate from Puerto Rico to the 2008 Democratic National Convention. She was pledged to then Senator Barack Obama. She subsequently switched to the Republican Party and ran for delegate to the 2016 Republican National Convention, pledged to Ben Carson. Charbonier", "title": "María Milagros Charbonier" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "a beat-maker too.\" The mixtape was largely a solo effort, featuring only Andy Milonakis and Glo Gang labelmate, Benji Glo. In 2015, Keef's track \"Faneto\" was noted for slowly building momentum since its October 2014 release. On April 24, 2015, Keef announced his next album, titled \"The Cozart\", adding that it would be released soon. In May 2015, Cozart signed with FilmOn Music, a division of media tycoon Alki David. On July 11, 2015, Marvin Carr, better known by his stage name, Capo, a longtime member of Cozart's Glo Gang label, was shot and killed in a drive-by shooting in", "title": "Chief Keef" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "the female are too big for the nest, the mother breaks out and rebuilds the wall. Then both parents feed the chicks. Captive breeding can be achieved by providing a small barrel or hollow tree with an entrance hole tall and wide. The birds will block off the hole once the hen is ready. Von der Decken's hornbill is omnivorous, taking insects, fruit and seeds. It feeds mainly on the ground and will form flocks outside the breeding season. In captivity the Von Der Decken hornbill will readily eat papaya, cantaloupe, blueberries, bananas, and apples. Live food such as crickets", "title": "Von der Decken's hornbill" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "in doing so made her wardrobe less militarily influenced. However, they maintained the same basic style, keeping her regularly dressed in cargo pants and boots. Rachel Good felt that she needed to always be wearing a gun but wanted it to be concealed; given the task of \"making her look sexy while still covering a huge holster piece on her hip\", Good opted to have de Pablo frequently wear long coats while filming. These changes allowed Ziva to be \"a hybrid of sorts\" in terms of dress. Over the course of the show, Ziva has been involved in numerous action", "title": "Ziva David" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "condemn surgery in general, and believed that people with intersex should be allowed to opt for genital reconstruction, if they want to, when they can fully consent for the operations themselves. The ISNA advocated a move from what a \"Concealment-Centered Model\" to a Patient-Centered Model. This push was to move away from a model that teaches both that \"intersex is a rare anatomical abnormality\" and that there needs to be immediate surgery to normalize the child's abnormal genitals, and moved toward the idea that \"intersex is a relatively common anatomical variation from the 'standard' male and female types\". The attempt", "title": "Intersex Society of North America" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Fatty Acid Desaturase gene cluster and the ectodysplasin A receptor gene. Biogeographical evidence demonstrates previous connections between North America and Asia. Similar dinosaur fossils occur both in Asia and in North America. For instance the dinosaur \"Saurolophus\" was found in both Mongolia and western North America. Relatives of \"Troodon\", \"Triceratops\", and even \"Tyrannosaurus rex\" all came from Asia. Fossils in China demonstrate a diffusion of Asian mammals into North America around 55 million years ago. By 20 million years ago, evidence in North America shows a further interchange of mammalian species. Some, like the ancient saber-toothed cats, have a recurring", "title": "Beringia" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "geographical range: Europe, Africa, Asia, and North America. The only way they could reach the New World was by the Bering land bridge. Had this bridge not existed at that time, the fauna of the world would be very different. Beringia Beringia is defined today as the land and maritime area bounded on the west by the Lena River in Russia; on the east by the Mackenzie River in Canada; on the north by 72 degrees north latitude in the Chukchi Sea; and on the south by the tip of the Kamchatka Peninsula. It includes the Chukchi Sea, the Bering", "title": "Beringia" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Beringia upland tundra The Beringia upland tundra is a mountainous tundra ecoregion of North America, on the west coast of Alaska. This ecoregion consists of three separate but similar areas of the Bering Sea coast of Alaska: the hills and mountains of the Seward Peninsula; the Ahklun Mountains in the southwest; and the hilly western half of St. Lawrence Island in the Bering Sea. All these are hilly areas climbing sometimes to steep barren mountain up to 1500m, and which still have a number of cirque glaciers. The climate varies of course from the coast to the icy peaks. The", "title": "Beringia upland tundra" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "continents except Antarctica and North America: For example, the Australian plague locust (\"Chortoicetes terminifera\") swarms across Australia. The desert locust (\"Schistocerca gregaria\") is probably the best known species owing to its wide distribution (North Africa, Middle East, and Indian subcontinent) and its ability to migrate over long distances. A major infestation covered much of western Africa in 2003-4, after unusually heavy rain set up favourable ecological conditions for swarming. The first outbreaks occurred in Mauritania, Mali, Niger, and Sudan in 2003. The rain allowed swarms to develop and move north to Morocco and Algeria, threatening croplands. Swarms crossed Africa, appearing", "title": "Locust" } ]

[ "falling sea levels" ]

[ "The specifics of Paleo-Indian migration to and throughout the Americas, including the exact dates and routes traveled, provide the subject of ongoing research and discussion. According to archaeological and genetic evidence, North and South America were the last continents in the world with human habitation. During the Wisconsin glaciation, 50–17,000 years ago, falling sea levels allowed people to move across the land bridge of Beringia that joined Siberia to north west North America (Alaska). Alaska was a glacial refugia because it had low snowfall, allowing a small population to exist. The Laurentide Ice Sheet covered most of North America, blocking nomadic inhabitants and confining them to Alaska (East Beringia) for thousands of years." ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "genetic variation, ecosystem variation, or species variation" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Since the opening of BergenPAC's doors, a number of notable artists have appeared on the mainstage, including Tony Bennett, Aretha Franklin, Diana Ross, Ringo Starr, John Legend, Jerry Lewis, and Willie Nelson. There are approximately 200 performances throughout the year. The former Englewood train station, once used as Bennett Studios, at One Depot Square now hosts BergenPAC's Performing Arts School. Students have the opportunity to perform on both the theater’s main stage and throughout the county. Programs extend to school districts and special needs for all ages, ranging from infant to adult. The program offers classes year round for a", "title": "Bergen Performing Arts Center" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "al-Khiyaratayn\", the \"son of the best two (the Quraysh among the Arabs and the Persians among the non-Arabs)\". Ali ibn Abi Talib suggested allowing her to choose a husband from among the Muslims and paying her mahr from the public treasury. Umar agreed; she chose Ali’s son Husayn. She is said to have died shortly after giving birth to her only son Ali. And in other stories this happened during the caliphate of Othman and Ali ibn Abi Taleb. Ali ibn al-Husayn is also related through this Sassanid Persian bloodline to the Byzantine emperors Maurice and Tiberius II through princess", "title": "Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "with rockabilly influences. According to music critic Dave Marsh, it \"made dinosaurs dance.\" It is highlighted by Clarence Clemons' saxophone solo. Author June Skinner Sawyers called the song \"pure rowdy fun\" and listed it as one of Springsteen's ten funniest songs. John Cruz of Sputnik Music called the song \"just plain fun,\" noting its infectious beat. However, the theme of the song is \"the transitoriness of all existence\" and the inevitability of death. Marsh called the song \"one of the smartest songs ever about the inevitability of death\". Marsh further noted that although the protagonist of \"Cadillac Ranch\" seems similar", "title": "Cadillac Ranch (Bruce Springsteen song)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "and his deputies are Manfred Schmidtberger and Horst Schulz. The German blazon reads: \"\" The municipality’s arms might in English heraldic language be described thus: Per fess argent a demilion azure armed and langued gules, and vert a mount of three enhanced of the first surmounted by a fess wavy of the second. The charge above the line of partition is a reference to the village’s former allegiance to the County of Veldenz. Below the line of partition, the field tincture vert (green) symbolizes the agriculture practised in the municipality, while the “mount of three” (a charge known in German", "title": "Berglangenbach" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cleo King as Mabel Howard. The pilot was directed by David Semel. The original setting for the comedy-drama script was Chicago, Illinois, but it was changed to Los Angeles, California prior to filming. Production began in late November or early December 2009, and scenes for the pilot were shot in and around Los Angeles, utilizing various streets and businesses in the downtown area including the Hilton Checkers (Hilton Hotels & Resorts) and Los Angeles Center Studios. On December 5, actor Jerry O'Connell was spotted on location and the next day it was announced that O'Connell had replaced Ramamurthy as Bruce.", "title": "Rex Is Not Your Lawyer" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "sabot. The propellant may be air, an explosive solid, or an explosive liquid. Some variations like the Gyrojet and certain other types combine the projectile and propellant into a single item. The term gun may refer to any sort of projectile weapon from large cannons to small firearms including those that are usually hand-held (handgun). The word gun is also commonly used to describe objects which, while they are not themselves weapons, produce an effect or possess a form which is in some way evocative of a handgun or long gun. The use of the term \"cannon\" is interchangeable with", "title": "Gun" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "codice_12 data type for I/O streams, and several variations of codice_13 and codice_14 are defined to operate on the basic types. It is expected that individual implementations will extend these simple facilities as needed. ALGOL languages have been criticized as being verbose. S-algol attempts to improve this by providing less restrictive syntax. This is demonstrated primarily in the declaration syntax. Since variable declarations must always include an initial value, the type does not need to be explicitly specified. Although it would be possible to infer procedure parameter and return types by examining where the procedure is called, S-algol does require", "title": "S-algol" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "the morula stage or earlier are truly totipotent, meaning that they are able to form all cell types including placental cells. Adult stem cells are generally limited to differentiating into different cell types of their tissue of origin. However, some evidence suggests that adult stem cell plasticity may exist, increasing the number of cell types a given adult stem cell can become. Many of the debates surrounding human embryonic stem cells concern issues such as what restrictions should be made on studies using these types of cells. At what point does one consider life to begin? Is it just to", "title": "Stem cell controversy" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "following. Fungi present in Cape Town, , including the following. Biodiversity of Cape Town The city of Cape Town lies within the Cape Floristic Kingdom (by far the smallest and most diverse of the earth’s six floristic kingdoms). Cape Town is located within a Conservation International biodiversity hotspot and is home to a total of 19 different and distinct vegetation types. (This enormous variety is mainly because the city is uniquely located at the convergence point of a great many different soil types and micro-climates.) These 19 vegetation types are mostly restricted to unusually small areas, and several are completely", "title": "Biodiversity of Cape Town" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "get clean water and can participate in activities such canoeing, fishing, and growing crops. DNR has a huge research and development team committed to providing the best and cleanest possible water sources. Many researched topics include geomorphic assessments, atmospheric and acid deposition, and long term water quality. Streams stretch all over Maryland and contain many exotic species of fish and other water life. Maryland's streams' biodiversity does not end with just fish and birds but extends to salamanders, mussels, 10 types of turtles and over 100 species of fish. Plants and vegetation surrounding the aquatic habitats provide nutrients, shelter for", "title": "Maryland Department of Natural Resources" } ]

[ "genetic variation, ecosystem variation, or species variation" ]

[ "Biodiversity, a contraction of \"biological diversity,\" generally refers to the variety and variability of life on Earth. One of the most widely used definitions defines it in terms of the variability within species, between species, and between ecosystems. It is a measure of the variety of organisms present in different ecosystems. This can refer to genetic variation, ecosystem variation, or species variation (number of species) within an area, biome, or planet. Terrestrial biodiversity tends to be greater near the equator, which seems to be the result of the warm climate and high primary productivity. Biodiversity is not distributed evenly on Earth. It is richest in the tropics. Marine biodiversity tends to be highest along coasts in the Western Pacific, where sea surface temperature is highest and in the mid-latitudinal band in all oceans. There are latitudinal gradients in species diversity. Biodiversity generally tends to cluster in hotspots, and has been increasing through time, but will be likely to slow in the future." ]

[ "" ]

[ -0.4959489703178406, -0.34360450506210327, -0.656318724155426, -0.9999969005584717, -0.3289240002632141 ]

[ 1.710919737815857, 2.2895336151123047, 1.0255956649780273, 0.000047658679250162095, 1.661522626876831 ]

[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "If any one type is removed from the system" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "among the host means that it is more likely that a pathogen will spread if it is able to overcome that allele. A study conducted by the National Science Foundation in 2007 found that genetic diversity ( within species diversity) and biodiversity are dependent upon each other — i.e. that diversity within a species is necessary to maintain diversity among species, and vice versa. According to the lead researcher in the study, Dr. Richard Lankau, \"If any one type is removed from the system, the cycle can break down, and the community becomes dominated by a single species.\" Genotypic and", "title": "Genetic diversity" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "almost useless causing producers to find new productive lands. A 2007 study conducted by the National Science Foundation found that biodiversity and genetic diversity are codependent—that diversity among species requires diversity within a species, and vice versa. \"If any one type is removed from the system, the cycle can break down, and the community becomes dominated by a single species.\" Forests are nature’s atmospheric carbon sink; plants take in atmospheric carbon dioxide (a greenhouse gas) and convert the carbon into sugars and plant materials through the process of photosynthesis. The carbon is stored within the trees, vegetation, and soil of", "title": "Deforestation and climate change" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Culbertson, Nebraska Culbertson is a village in Hitchcock County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 595 at the 2010 census. Culbertson was founded in 1873 and served as the first county seat of Hitchcock County. It was named in honor of Alexander Culbertson, an Indian agent. The village of Culberton was incorporated in 1885. Culbertson is located at (40.230260, -100.836224). According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of , all of it land. As of the census of 2010, there were 595 people, 257 households, and 174 families residing in the village. The population", "title": "Culbertson, Nebraska" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "in 1912. The Filipinos lasted just over a month after folding with the United States Baseball League. In 1914, the Pittsburgh Stogies began play at Exposition Park. In 1915, the team, renamed the Pittsburgh Rebels, despite improving from the previous season, disbanded due to financial loss with the entire Federal League. Exposition Park continued to host Semi-professional baseball games, as well as other events, but \"was eventually razed\". The Western University of Pennsylvania (WUP), which would in 1908 be renamed the University of Pittsburgh, played its first official game at Exposition Park on October 11, 1890 when Shadyside Academy failed", "title": "Exposition Park (Pittsburgh)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "from Hélio Castroneves which dropped him to 10th place. Top Ten Results The Kansas Speedway race was run on July 2 and covered by ABC. Dan Wheldon won the pole. Sam Hornish, Jr. won the race taking the lead from Wheldon with two laps to go. This was the 50th IRL race where 1st and 2nd were separated by less than a second. Top ten results The Nashville Superspeedway race was run on July 15 and covered by ESPN. Dan Wheldon won the pole. Scott Dixon won his second race of the season and captured his first win on an", "title": "2006 IndyCar Series" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "coming-of-age story... An important novel, which gives an appealing face to a seldom-seen minority. [Max's] desperate search for identity is gripping, emotionally engaging, and genuinely unforgettable, as, indeed, is this accomplished first novel. Clare Calvet of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation Nightlife radio program chose \"Golden Boy\" as Book of the Week, \"Golden Boy\" is an amazing coming of age story. Unique. A dramatic, emotional read. And teachers, please read this powerful page turner.\" Writing in the Austin Chronicle, Jeanne Thornton writes how the \"mainstream\" character dealing with problems of secrecy, rather than anatomy, is \"way better than some meditation on", "title": "Golden Boy (novel)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "on the Mainstream Top 40. On the US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart, the single reached number 12 in its total of eighteen weeks spent on the chart. As of June 6, 2014, \"XO\" has sold 356,000 downloads in the US. In Canada, \"XO\" has peaked at number 36 on the Canadian Hot 100 chart and was certified gold by Music Canada for sales of 40,000 copies in that country. In the UK, \"XO\" debuted at number 23 on the UK R&B Chart on December 28, 2013 and number 84 on the UK Singles Chart on January 11, 2014. Following Beyoncé's", "title": "XO (song)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "air filters and can settle inside equipment, resulting in short circuits and system failure. Tin whiskers don't have to be airborne to damage equipment, as they are typically already growing in an environment where they can produce short circuits. At frequencies above 6 GHz or in fast digital circuits, tin whiskers can act like miniature antennas, affecting the circuit impedance and causing reflections. In computer disk drives they can break off and cause head crashes or bearing failures. Tin whiskers often cause failures in relays, and have been found upon examination of failed relays in nuclear power facilities. Pacemakers have", "title": "Whisker (metallurgy)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Fault tolerance Fault tolerance is the property that enables a system to continue operating properly in the event of the failure of some (one or more faults within) of its components. If its operating quality decreases at all, the decrease is proportional to the severity of the failure, as compared to a native designed system in which even a small failure can cause total breakdown. Fault tolerance is particularly sought after in high-availability or life-critical systems. The ability of maintaining functionality when portions of a system break down is referred to as graceful degradation. A fault-tolerant design enables a system", "title": "Fault tolerance" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "farms. Tuna penning also increases the concentration of dissolved nutrients in the surround water. This can cause an increase in primary productivity, resulting in algal blooms. This may increase turbidity in the water, preventing the sea floor organisms from receiving sunlight. Some algal blooms can be damaging to local marine plant life, causing leaf fragility and death. Overall, eutrophication, increased turbidity, and decreased dissolved oxygen make it difficult for organisms designed to live in an oligotrophic environment to survive successfully. This caused a decline in local biodiversity and can cause a collapse in the ecosystem. Tuna penning causes a large", "title": "Tuna penning" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "diegetic and immerse the player into the world. Some of these disputed mechanics included the random onset of malaria that would impact the character's vision and movement until they obtained and took medicine for it, a weapon decay system that would cause guns picked up from enemies to wear down and break over use, military checkpoints that a player could clear out but which would become repopulated with enemies minutes later, and the game's buddy system, where the player could call a selected non-player character to help their character in battle, but only for a short while and would not", "title": "Far Cry" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "pyogenes\", \"Staphylococcus aureus\" and \"Pseudomonas aeruginosa\", produce a variety of enzymes which cause damage to host tissues. Enzymes include hyaluronidase, which breaks down the connective tissue component hyaluronic acid; a range of proteases and lipases; DNases, which break down DNA, and hemolysins which break down a variety of host cells, including red blood cells. Virulence Factors basically Include the Antigenic Structure and The Toxins produced by the organisms. A major group of virulence factors are proteins that can control the activation levels of GTPases. There are two ways in which they act. One is by acting as a GEF or", "title": "Virulence factor" } ]

[ "If any one type is removed from the system" ]

[ "A 2007 study conducted by the National Science Foundation found that biodiversity and genetic diversity are codependent—that diversity among species requires diversity within a species, and vice versa. \"If any one type is removed from the system, the cycle can break down, and the community becomes dominated by a single species.\" At present, the most threatened ecosystems are found in fresh water, according to the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment 2005, which was confirmed by the \"Freshwater Animal Diversity Assessment\", organised by the biodiversity platform, and the French Institut de recherche pour le développement (MNHNP)." ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "Because medical research and development of drugs to treat such diseases is financially disadvantageous" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Apuleius Apuleius (; also called Lucius Apuleius Madaurensis; c. 124 – c. 170 AD) was a Latin-language prose writer, Platonist philosopher and rhetorician. He was a Numidian who lived under the Roman Empire and was from Madauros (now M'Daourouch, Algeria). He studied Platonism in Athens, travelled to Italy, Asia Minor, and Egypt, and was an initiate in several cults or mysteries. The most famous incident in his life was when he was accused of using magic to gain the attentions (and fortune) of a wealthy widow. He declaimed and then distributed a witty \"tour de force\" in his own defense", "title": "Apuleius" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "an activist afrobeat tradition. It's a call to individuals to do what is right or morally sane, for the society; or to perform their duties as responsible citizens within sociopolitical institutions. The video was shot in Lagos (Nigeria) and in Cologne (Germany) by videographer Mirko Polo. In October 2018 Abiodun's album \"Break Free\" was released by Ajazco Records. It's an authentic, handmade mix of global pop sounds. It fuses different musical genres like afrobeat, soul, funk, pop and rock. \"Break Free\" is made up of eleven contrasting songs created by an uncompromising artist. They are soulful and energetic but, at", "title": "Abiodun (musician)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "for Chartered Engineers, and UK qualifications can be used in applying for similar international statuses. Recognition under the Washington Accord is outcome-based, not based on the length of courses. Chartered Engineers are entitled to register through the European Federation of National Engineering Associations as a European Engineer and use the pre-nominal of EurIng. The body that maintains the UK's register of Chartered Engineers is the Engineering Council. Authority to register Chartered Engineers is delegated to licensed member institutions: Some of these institutions also register Incorporated Engineers and Engineering Technicians. There are other Engineering Council UK licensed member institutions that register", "title": "Chartered Engineer (UK)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The song went on to win awards that year at the Gaon Chart K-Pop Awards, the MelOn Music Awards, and the Seoul Music Awards. His next single, \"Body Language\" (featuring Bumkey), was also a #1 hit, topping both the Gaon Digital Chart and seven Korean real-time music charts shortly after its release, despite its 19+ rating. In June 2017, San E was featured in Hyoyeon's single \"Wannabe\". San E was also the rap mentor for KBS2's survival show, . San E Jung San (; born ), more commonly known by his stage name San E (), is a South Korean", "title": "San E" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "malignant brain tumor, at Memorial Hospital in Scottsdale, Arizona. He was 75 years old, and was survived by his wife Mimi, children Scott, Roxane, Joel, Paul, and Ross, and his grandchildren. J. Allen Hynek Josef Allen Hynek (May 1, 1910 – April 27, 1986) was an American astronomer, professor, and ufologist. He is perhaps best remembered for his UFO research. Hynek acted as scientific advisor to UFO studies undertaken by the U.S. Air Force under three consecutive projects: Project Sign (1947–1949), Project Grudge (1949–1952), and Project Blue Book (1952–1969). In later years he conducted his own independent UFO research, developing", "title": "J. Allen Hynek" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "education to the indigenous peoples. These Lumad schools have been in the vanguard in fighting for the ancestral lands and the rights of the Lumad. And this has become a problem for the mining and logging companies wanting to grab the lands; which is why these schools are constantly being attacked by the paramilitary, the military and the government itself. 2015 Lianga Massacre On September 1, 2015, executive director of ALCADEV Inc was killed right inside the school premises while two other Lumad leaders, Dionel Campos and Datu Bello Sinzo were killed in front of the community by the AFP-backed", "title": "Lianga, Surigao del Sur" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "terms of growth, the financial sponsor usually acquires a platform company in a particular industry and then tries to add additional companies to the platform through acquisition. These add-ons may be competitors of the original platform company, or may be businesses with some link to it, but they are added with the goal of increasing overall revenues and earnings of the platform investment. PEGs spend much time developing strategic plans and an investment case for a new platform to determine why they are buying a business and how to generate an attractive return. This analysis is usually even more comprehensive", "title": "Platform company" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "tracks to win gold stars or Wacky Trial clocks to unlock more tracks, abilities and challenges. Wacky Trial clocks are rewarded when a race is won in a certain amount of time. These are needed to unlock boss challenges as well. Gold stars are needed to unlock various things such as tracks and areas. They are gained by winning various events. Once 10 gold stars have been rewarded the Boss Area is unlocked, in which the player must compete against 3 elite cars: Convert-a-Car, Crimson Haybailer, and Mean Machine. Dastardly and Muttley are the villains of the game, with many", "title": "Wacky Races: Starring Dastardly and Muttley" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "are strategies focused on achieving references from customers with the purpose of implementing sales or spreading the company image and existence. There are some examples about programs which have obtained results over the average: Banks. When it comes to money issues where people have special interest and care, they tend primarily to rely on friends and their recommendations on any bank, as these sources are the most trustworthy. The banking business is now built on the basis of relationships. Those companies that have enhanced them as part of its commercial strategy, are now being rewarded. The first step so someone", "title": "Referral economy" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "them listed several reasons for opposing them. A famous blogger summarized these reasons why people are against beauty beggars according to their voices: Beauty beggar Beauty Beggar (Chinese:美容丐幫, mei5 jung4 koi3 bong1) is a derogatory name for beauty bloggers or beauty YouTubers who capitalize their fame to promote cosmetics so as to obtain sponsorship, in forms of testers or money, from cosmetics companies. It is a Hong Kong internet slang that originated from the discussion on Instagram and The Golden Forum (Chinese:香港高登討論區) Involved cybercitizens claim that beauty beggars have these following characteristics: some of the introductions are self-contradictory or of", "title": "Beauty beggar" } ]

[ "Because medical research and development of drugs to treat such diseases is financially disadvantageous" ]

[ "There are special rules for certain rare diseases (\"orphan diseases\") in several major drug regulatory territories. For example, diseases involving fewer than 200,000 patients in the United States, or larger populations in certain circumstances are subject to the Orphan Drug Act. Because medical research and development of drugs to treat such diseases is financially disadvantageous, companies that do so are rewarded with tax reductions, fee waivers, and market exclusivity on that drug for a limited time (seven years), regardless of whether the drug is protected by patents." ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "the city's western suburbs" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "by the construction of Interstate 95 along the Long Wharf section, Interstate 91, and the Oak Street Connector. The Oak Street Connector (Route 34), running between Interstate 95, downtown, and The Hill neighborhood, was originally intended as a highway to the city's western suburbs but was only completed as a highway to the downtown area, with the area to the west becoming a boulevard (See \"Redevelopment\" below). In 1970, a series of criminal prosecutions against various members of the Black Panther Party took place in New Haven, inciting mass protests on the New Haven Green involving twelve thousand demonstrators and", "title": "New Haven, Connecticut" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "by the construction of Interstate 95 along the Long Wharf section, Interstate 91, and the Oak Street Connector. The Oak Street Connector (Route 34), running between Interstate 95, downtown, and The Hill neighborhood, was originally intended as a highway to the city's western suburbs but was only completed as a highway to the downtown area, with the area to the west becoming a boulevard (See \"Redevelopment\" below). In 1970, a series of criminal prosecutions against various members of the Black Panther Party took place in New Haven, inciting mass protests on the New Haven Green involving twelve thousand demonstrators and", "title": "New Haven, Connecticut" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "room opens to the left of the chancel and the sacristy to the right. The upper floor is accessed via an external staircase, a feature common to early churches in Bahia. Candido Alves de Souza (1840-1884) completed carvings in the chancel of Santo Antonio da Barra in the late 19th century. The Church of Saint Antony of Barra, both the structure and its contents, was listed as a historic structure by the National Institute of Historic and Artistic Heritage in 1938 under inscription number 122. The Church of Saint Antony of Barra is open to the public and may be", "title": "Church of Saint Antony of Barra" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Great Railway Journeys Great Railway Journeys, originally titled Great Railway Journeys of the World, is a recurring series of travel documentaries produced by BBC Television. The premise of each programme is that the presenter, typically a well-known figure from the arts or media, would make a journey by train, usually through a country or to a destination to which they had a personal connection. The first series, which used the longer title, was broadcast on BBC Two in 1980. After a 14-year hiatus, a further three series were broadcast between 1994 and 1999, using the shorter series title. Similar series", "title": "Great Railway Journeys" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "were non-Swiss women. During the 2010-2011 school year there were a total of 693 students in the Trimbach school system. The education system in the Canton of Solothurn allows young children to attend two years of non-obligatory Kindergarten. During that school year, there were 113 children in kindergarten. The canton's school system requires students to attend six years of primary school, with some of the children attending smaller, specialized classes. In the municipality there were 322 students in primary school and 46 students in the special, smaller classes. The secondary school program consists of three lower, obligatory years of schooling,", "title": "Trimbach, Switzerland" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dentarius Locke Dentarius Locke (born December 12, 1989) is an American track and field sprinter. He has broken the 10-second barrier and has a personal best of 9.96 seconds. He competed collegiately for Florida State University, and currently runs for Nike. As a prep at Chamberlain High School in Tampa, Florida, Dentarius was a two time All-American and finished his stellar career as the Florida State record holder in both the 100 meters(10.32; +0.9) and 200 meters (20.58; +0.9). He also captured the Nike Outdoor Championship 100 meters (10.59;-3.2) and 200 meters (20.87;+3.2). In his junior year, 2008, Dentarius placed", "title": "Dentarius Locke" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "politically motivated to imagine a LGBTQ community that is a unified whole and identifiable through linguistic means, this speech community does not necessarily exist as such. Kulick points out that the LGBTQ community is not homogeneous, nor is its language use. Features of “gay speech” are not used consistently by gay individuals, nor are they consistently absent from the speech of all heterosexual individuals. Further, Kulick takes issue with frequently circular definitions of queer speech. He argues that speech patterns cannot be labeled LGBTQ language simply because they are used by LGBTQ people. Studies of a speech community that presuppose", "title": "LGBT linguistics" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Connecticut to remove the existing freeway through downtown. In 2011, the city of New Haven and State of Connecticut reached an agreement to remove the Route 34 freeway west of the New Haven Railyard and construct a 4-lane landscaped boulevard in its place. A portion of the land recovered from the freeway would be sold for development, while the remainder reserved as park space. Demolition of the Route 34 freeway began in 2013, with completion scheduled for 2016. Similarly, the Connecticut Department of Transportation plans to remove the freeway stub at I-84 in Newtown and replace the directional interchange with", "title": "Highway revolts in the United States" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Haven (in a neighborhood also demolished for a limited access highway, but where the highway was never built) have undergone significant public discussion as part of the City of New Haven's MDP process for re-using the of empty land. In May 2013, phase one of the New Haven Downtown Crossing project began, intending to reroute Route 34 away from the freeway segment in New Haven onto widened frontage roads. The former highway right of way would be made available to development. Parking is planned beneath the new development to take advantage of the low grade of the former travel lanes.", "title": "Connecticut Route 34" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "also located partly in the area. East Shore was originally part of the town of East Haven before being annexed by New Haven. The main thoroughfares of the neighborhood are Townsend Avenue (Route 337) and Woodward Avenue. East Shore, New Haven East Shore is an area of the city of New Haven, Connecticut. The East Shore consists of two neighborhoods, \"Morris Cove\" and the \"Annex\". Its name is derived from its geographic location on the east side of New Haven Harbor. It is bordered on the north by Upson Terrace, on the east by the town of East Haven, on", "title": "East Shore, New Haven" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "inserting plans for removing the Sheridan Expressway into New York State Department of Transportation studies for the area. In Connecticut, TSTC is working to build support for a removal of Route 34 in New Haven and its replacement with a boulevard and mixed-use development. Consistent analysis of spending and project priorities in New Jersey resulted in a significant diminution of spending for new highway capacity in the state. In the mid-nineties, the NJDOT was spending over 50 percent of its capital dollars on new or wider highways. In 2008, that number had decreased to 1.5 percent—a triumph for sustainable transportation", "title": "Tri-State Transportation Campaign" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "corner. Otter Creek, one of the longest rivers in Vermont, forms part of the town's southwest border, with falls at Belden and Huntington Falls. The New Haven River, rising to the east in the Green Mountains, flows into Otter Creek at Brooksville. U.S. Route 7 runs north-south through the town, connecting Vergennes and Middlebury. Vermont Route 17 crosses Route 7 at New Haven Junction and runs east into Bristol and west to Addison and the Crown Point Bridge over Lake Champlain into New York. According to the United States Census Bureau, New Haven has a total area of , of", "title": "New Haven, Vermont" } ]

[ "the city's western suburbs" ]

[ "In 1954, then-mayor Richard C. Lee began some of the earliest major urban renewal projects in the United States. Certain sections of downtown New Haven were redeveloped to include museums, new office towers, a hotel, and large shopping complexes. Other parts of the city were affected by the construction of Interstate 95 along the Long Wharf section, Interstate 91, and the Oak Street Connector. The Oak Street Connector (Route 34), running between Interstate 95, downtown, and The Hill neighborhood, was originally intended as a highway to the city's western suburbs but was only completed as a highway to the downtown area, with the area to the west becoming a boulevard (See \"Redevelopment\" below)." ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "Palace eunuchs" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Liang Na (d. 150 AD), had the brother-in-law of Consort Deng Mengnü (later empress) (d. 165 AD) killed after Deng Mengnü resisted Liang Ji's attempts to control her. Afterward, Emperor Huan employed eunuchs to depose Liang Ji, who was then forced to commit suicide. Students from the Imperial University organized a widespread student protest against the eunuchs of Emperor Huan's court. Huan further alienated the bureaucracy when he initiated grandiose construction projects and hosted thousands of concubines in his harem at a time of economic crisis. Palace eunuchs imprisoned the official Li Ying () and his associates from the Imperial", "title": "Han dynasty" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "a city called Cattigara where a Greek sailor named Alexandros allegedly visited by sailing northeast of the Golden Peninsula (i.e. the Malay Peninsula) into the \"Magnus Sinus\" (i.e. Gulf of Thailand and South China Sea). In 166 CE, the official Li Ying (李膺) was accused by palace eunuchs of plotting treason with students at the Imperial University and associates in the provinces who opposed the eunuchs. Emperor Huan was furious, arresting Li and his followers, who were only released from prison the following year due to pleas from the General-in-Chief Dou Wu (d. 168 CE) (Emperor Huan's father-in-law). However, Li", "title": "History of the Han dynasty" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "of nutrients. With the profitability of the land rapidly increasing, it no longer was economically viable to bring in indentured servants because they were promised physical benefits at the end of their tenure. What the plantation owners wanted was workers who could legally not be paid and would be able to work long hours in the hot sun. Their conclusion was to turn to another institutionalized practice: slavery. The demand and profitability of tobacco led to the shift in the colonies to a slave based labor force. Tobacco is a labor-intensive crop, requiring lots of work for its cultivation, harvest,", "title": "History of tobacco" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "selected by NASA in October 1963 and was assigned the responsibility of aiding the development of boosters. On the morning of October 31, 1964, after a delay caused by fog, Freeman piloted a T-38A Talon from St. Louis to Houston. He was returning from McDonnell training facilities in St. Louis and crashed during final approach to landing at Ellington Air Force Base in Houston. There were reports of geese due to the fog, one of which flew into the port-side air intake of his NASA-modified T-38 jet trainer, causing the engine to flame out. Flying shards of Plexiglas entered the", "title": "Theodore Freeman" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Football League in 1897, but failed to seriously challenge for promotion to the First Division. Ayr Parkhouse, who played at Beresford Park, subsequently joined the league, but were also stuck in the Second Division. The two clubs decided to merge in 1910 to form Ayr United and the new club adopted Somerset Park as its primary home, although Beresford Park was used during the First World War. Ayr United bought Somerset Park for £2,500 in 1920. Four years later, the direction of the pitch was changed when the club built a new Main Stand. A roof was built in 1933", "title": "Somerset Park" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "in the home of George Macculloch –a prominent town member and builder of the Morris Canal whose mansion stands near the church. The parent Anglican and Episcopal congregation had existed in the area and called itself St. Peter's since the 1760s, but with the anti-Church of England sentiments during and following the Revolutionary war, St. Peter's, like other Episcopal congregations, did not recover and become mainstream until well into the 1820s. In 1840, the Reverend William Staunton introduced the parish to a movement that emphasized the Episcopal Church's catholic origins and apostolic succession as the ties to the Apostolic community", "title": "St. Peter's Episcopal Church (Morristown, New Jersey)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "MadFiber Ice Cream MadFiber Ice Cream is a designer ice cream created by UW-Madison's College of Agriculture and Life Sciences that features vanilla cream, mini M&M's, and granola. The dessert was part of Madison, Wisconsin's effort to bring Google's $97 million high speed optical fiber network to Madison, WI. The ice cream gained recognition outside of Madison when the New York Times made note of it in an article \"Hoping for Gift From Google? Go Jump in the Lake.\" Proponents of the ice cream have included Mayor Dave Cieslewicz, Madison Schools Superintendent, Dan Nerad, and Dean of UW-Madison's College of", "title": "MadFiber Ice Cream" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "have Li Zongmin recalled to serve as chancellor, but before he could do so, Emperor Wenzong died in spring 840. Emperor Wenzong's brother Li Chan the Prince of Ying, with support from the powerful eunuchs Qiu Shiliang and Yu Hongzhi (魚弘志), became emperor (as Emperor Wuzong). As neither Yang Sifu (who was believed to have supported another brother of Emperor Wenzong's, Li Rong the Prince of An) nor Yang's ally Li Jue (who was believed to have supported Emperor Wenzong's nephew and Emperor Jingzong's son Li Chengmei — whom Emperor Wenzong had made crown prince but was bypassed by the", "title": "Li Zongmin" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Prince of Ying, and Zhu Yougui took over the throne (after claiming that instead, it was his adoptive brother Zhu Youwen the Prince of Bo who had carried out the assassination but who had been executed). The Later Liang military governor of Huguo Circuit (護國, headquartered in modern Yuncheng, Shanxi), Zhu Youqian, did not believe Zhu Yougui and resisted Zhu Yougui's subsequent summons to the capital Luoyang. When Zhu Yougui subsequently sent the generals Kang Huaizhen (康懷貞) and Niu Cunjie (牛存節) to attack Zhu Youqian, Zhu Youqian submitted to Jin and requested immediate aid. Li Cunxu sent Li Cunshen, Li", "title": "Li Cunshen" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "to mount serious resistance. Despite its size, resources, and manpower, though, Chu's corrupt government worked against it. In 224 BCE, Ying Zheng called for a meeting with his subjects to discuss his plans for the invasion of Chu. Wang Jian said that the invasion force needed to be at least 600,000 strong, while Li Xin thought that less than 200,000 men would be sufficient. Ying Zheng sided with Li and ordered him and Meng Wu to lead the army against Chu; Wang Jian was forced to retire from state affairs upon a pretense of illness. The Qin armies scored initial", "title": "Chu (state)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "after graduating in 1933 he taught at Jinan University. During the Second Sino-Japanese War, Li moved to the French Concession to escape the violence, he made acquaintance with Zheng Zhenduo, A Ying and Xia Yan. After the founding of the PRC, Li worked as a researcher in Peking University and Chinese Academy of Sciences. Li Jianwu Li Jianwu (; 17 August 1906 - 24 November 1982) was a Chinese author, dramatist and translator who was the president of French Literature Research Council. Li was an officer of the Chinese State Council and a member of National Committee of the Chinese", "title": "Li Jianwu" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "how their mothers, originally favoured by Emperor Xuanzong, had lost favor to Consort Wu. Princess Xianyi's husband Yang Hui (楊洄) reported this to Consort Wu, and she tearfully accused Li Ying of defaming her and Emperor Xuanzong. Emperor Xuanzong, in anger, discussed the possibility of deposing Li Ying with the chancellors. The senior chancellor Zhang Jiuling firmly opposed this, and when Consort Wu sent her servant Niu Gui'er (牛貴兒) to try to lobby him, he refused and reported this to Emperor Xuanzong. Because of Zhang's firm opposition to Li Ying's removal, it was said that Li Ying's position was firm", "title": "Consort Wu" } ]

[ "Palace eunuchs" ]

[ "Students from the Imperial University organized a widespread student protest against the eunuchs of Emperor Huan's court. Huan further alienated the bureaucracy when he initiated grandiose construction projects and hosted thousands of concubines in his harem at a time of economic crisis. Palace eunuchs imprisoned the official Li Ying (李膺) and his associates from the Imperial University on a dubious charge of treason. In 167 AD, the Grand Commandant Dou Wu (d. 168 AD) convinced his son-in-law, Emperor Huan, to release them. However the emperor permanently barred Li Ying and his associates from serving in office, marking the beginning of the Partisan Prohibitions." ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "tribute-paying peasants" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "the Italian destroyers \"Ardito\" and \"Impavido\". The French and Italian destroyers set off in pursuit of the Austro-Hungarian ships, but broke off the chase as they neared the Austrian base of Cattaro (now Kotor), when the Austrian cruiser and two torpedo boats sortied in support of \"Warasdiner\" and \"Wildfang\". She was ceded to Italy in 1920 and scrapped. SMS Warasdiner SMS \"Warasdiner was a destroyer launched in 1913 as Lung Tuan\" (), intended for sale to China. She was taken over by the Austro-Hungarian Navy in 1914, renamed and rearmed. She served in World War I with the Austro-Hungarian Navy.", "title": "SMS Warasdiner" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Field of on February 27, 1920, by Maj. Rudolph W. Schroeder; and on September 28, 1921, by Lt. John A. Macready. A distance record was set by Capt. St. Clair Streett leading a flight of four DH-4s from Mitchel Field, New York to Nome, Alaska and back, a distance of 8,690 miles (14,000 km), between July 15 and October 20, 1920. Flying across the northern United States and southern Canada in 15 legs, the flight reached Nome on August 23 in 56 hours of flying time, but was prohibited by the U.S. State Department from completing the first flight to", "title": "United States Army Air Service" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "man. Traditional folk songs are sung with or without the accompaniment of instruments. At the turn of the century, with modernity yet to make its entry, men's dress was very simple. It consisted of a kilt and a cloth. Most of the time they remained half-naked except on grand occasions. During festivals, they wore Roh-lai (diadem), Vee-hoxzü (a colourful bird's feather), Phao-hah, paongi (ivory bangles), etc. Women wore Lakiteisha (a black shawl with red and green stripes), Poüpumü (a white-skirt with black and green stripes), Bao-sa (bangles), Baoda (a brass bangle), and Toutah or Tou (necklaces). The grills could also", "title": "Poumai Naga" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "complications from treatment. Warfarin and vitamin K antagonists are anticoagulants that can be taken orally to reduce thromboembolic occurrence. Where a more effective response is required, heparin can be given (by injection) concomitantly. As a side effect of any anticoagulant, the risk of bleeding is increased, so the international normalized ratio of blood is monitored. Self-monitoring and self-management are safe options for competent patients, though their practice varies. In Germany, about 20% of patients were self-managed while only 1% of U.S. patients did home self-testing (according to one 2012 study). Other medications such as direct thrombin inhibitors and direct Xa", "title": "Thrombosis" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "stars would be visiting the Detroit area and include it with that days film broadcast. He died January 27, 1997 in Palm Beach, Florida of emphysema. Bill Kennedy (actor) Willard \"Bill\" Kennedy (June 27, 1908 – January 27, 1997) was an American actor, voice artist, and host of the long-running Detroit-based television show, \"Bill Kennedy at the Movies.\" He began his career as a staff announcer in radio; Kennedy's voice narrates the opening of the television series \"Adventures of Superman.\" Kennedy was born June 27, 1908 in Cleveland Heights, Ohio. Kennedy began his media career as a staff announcer at", "title": "Bill Kennedy (actor)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "financial position was so poor, it made a takeover by another company a strong possibility, and that as a result, the auditors owed Scott Group a duty of care. No money for damages was awarded, as the court ruled that it had not suffered any financial loss. Whilst the financial statements were overstated by $38,000, evidence suggested that the shareholders of John Duthie Holdings were unlikely to have accepted any offer lower than the two for one share swap that was offered. Furthermore, the evidence on hand was that Scott Group paid $263,885 less than what the company was worth.", "title": "Scott Group Ltd v McFarlane" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "I ought reasonably to have them in contemplation as being so affected when I am directing my mind to the acts or omissions which are called in question.” per Lord Atkin at 44 of SC Since \"Donoghue v Stevenson\", duty of care has been expanded by various cases. One of the most noted cases would be \"Caparo Industries v Dickman\" [1990] AC 605. It was held in this case that any extension of the circumstances in which a duty of care should be owed should be developed cautiously. This developed a further criterion: is it fair just and reasonable to", "title": "Delict (Scots law)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "government. In 1989–1990, Militant led the All-Britain Anti-Poll Tax Federation, which organized a successful non-payment campaign against the Community Charge, commonly called the poll tax. Militant's battles in Liverpool and against the poll tax involved defiance of what it regarded as iniquitous laws. Militant supporting Labour MP Terry Fields was jailed for refusing to pay the poll tax and expelled from the Labour Party for defying the law. The Labour Party had earlier found Militant guilty of operating as an entryist group with a programme and organisation entirely separate from that of the Labour Party running contrary to the party's", "title": "Socialist Party (England and Wales)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "duty to gather and protect property at a crash scene and to account for items of value is a discretionary duty. Whether this interference is lawful or not is determined by the parameters set in R v Waterfield — one needs to consider if the action fell within a statutory duty or common law power, and if the action was an unjustified use of that power. The police owed obligations as bailees to Mr Ngan. Chiefly there was a duty to minimise risk of damage to or loss of the property. Taking appropriate steps to identify and account for the", "title": "Ngan v R" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "judgment, Viscount Dilhorne held that the neighbour principle could not have been intended to be applied in all circumstances and that it could only be used to determine to whom a duty of care is owed rather than if one exists. Judges, he opined, \"are concerned not with what the law should be but with what it is. The absence of authority shows that no such duty [to Dorset Yacht Company] now exists. If there should be one, that is, in my view, a matter for the legislature and not for the courts\". Chapman comments \"that this conclusion appeared ...", "title": "Donoghue v Stevenson" } ]

[ "tribute-paying peasants" ]

[ "In the 11th century and the 12th century, the princes and their retinues, which were a mixture of Slavic and Scandinavian elites, dominated the society of Kievan Rus'. Leading soldiers and officials received income and land from the princes in return for their political and military services. Kievan society lacked the class institutions and autonomous towns that were typical of Western European feudalism. Nevertheless, urban merchants, artisans and labourers sometimes exercised political influence through a city assembly, the veche (council), which included all the adult males in the population. In some cases, the veche either made agreements with their rulers or expelled them and invited others to take their place. At the bottom of society was a stratum of slaves. More important was a class of tribute-paying peasants, who owed labour duty to the princes. The widespread personal serfdom characteristic of Western Europe did not exist in Kievan Rus'." ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "the hearing aid" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "D. Boyer, as well as Philo Farnsworth (inventor of the electronic television) and Harvey Fletcher (inventor of the hearing aid). Four of BYU's thirteen presidents were alumni of the University. Additionally, alumni of BYU who have served as business leaders include Citigroup CFO Gary Crittenden ('76), former Dell CEO Kevin Rollins ('84), Deseret Book CEO Sheri L. Dew, and Matthew K. McCauley, CEO of children's clothing company Gymboree. In literature and journalism, BYU has produced several best-selling authors, including Orson Scott Card ('75), Brandon Sanderson ('00 & '05), and Stephenie Meyer ('95). BYU also graduated American activist and contributor for", "title": "Brigham Young University" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "D. Boyer, as well as Philo Farnsworth (inventor of the electronic television) and Harvey Fletcher (inventor of the hearing aid). Four of BYU's thirteen presidents were alumni of the University. Additionally, alumni of BYU who have served as business leaders include Citigroup CFO Gary Crittenden ('76), former Dell CEO Kevin Rollins ('84), Deseret Book CEO Sheri L. Dew, and Matthew K. McCauley, CEO of children's clothing company Gymboree. In literature and journalism, BYU has produced several best-selling authors, including Orson Scott Card ('75), Brandon Sanderson ('00 & '05), and Stephenie Meyer ('95). BYU also graduated American activist and contributor for", "title": "Brigham Young University" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "were available. Several people had 22A, but few had 22B. In the early 1970s Radio Shack sold a \"base station\" CB radio that contained a crystal for each of the 23 channels, two extra slots existed, and one could order the 22A & 22B crystals for an easy plug-in. Channel 9 was officially reserved for emergency use by the FCC in 1969. Channel 10 was originally often used for highway travel communications east of the Mississippi River, and channel 19 west of the Mississippi; channel 19 then became the preferred highway channel in most areas, as it did not have", "title": "Citizens band radio" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Professor Wojciechowski, is also the official coach of the British Olympic squad. Past and current members include Richard Dimbleby, Joachim Ribbentrop, Beryl Cook, John Bly, Loyd Grossman, Baroness Butler-Sloss, Peter Alliss, Paul Smith (fashion designer), Elizabeth Blackadder and Lord Sudeley. Lansdowne Club The Lansdowne Club is a private members' club in London, England. It was established in 1935 and is located at 9 Fitzmaurice Place, off Berkeley Square in Mayfair. The Lansdowne Club was established later than many London clubs, and it permitted women from its inception. It has always had a relatively young membership, with an active social scene.", "title": "Lansdowne Club" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ron Smith (ice hockey, born 1952) Ronald Robert Smith (born November 19, 1952) is a Canadian former ice hockey defenceman as well as a politician.After his playing career he was elected Mayor of the Municipality of Port Hope, Ontario from 1994 to 2000. During the 1968-69 season Smith played for the Cobourg Cougars of the Eastern Ontario O.H.A. Junior B League. From 1969 to 1970, Smith played for the St. Catharines Black Hawks of the Canadian Hockey League (Ontario Hockey Association). He was traded to the Sorel Black Hawks of the CHL (Quebec Major Junior A League) during the 1970-71", "title": "Ron Smith (ice hockey, born 1952)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Buletin Siang Buletin Siang (lit. \"Noon Bulletin\") is the first noon newscast ever produced by an Indonesian private television station it was launched on 24 August 1993 on privately owned RCTI private television station in Indonesia, Buletin Siang was also carried by RCTI's then sister station SCTV. On 9 February 2009, Seputar Indonesia was revived and is the only news program on RCTI, now called Satu Seputar Indonesia. The morning news program, Nuansa Pagi was renamed Seputar Indonesia Pagi. The afternoon news program, Buletin Siang renamed Seputar Indonesia Siang. The late night news program, Buletin Malam was renamed Seputar Indonesia", "title": "Buletin Siang" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Victoria Keon-Cohen Victoria Keon-Cohen (born 1989) is an Australian fashion model and activist. Keon-Cohen started her modelling career at 15 in Australia upon winning the \"Girlfriend\" magazine model search competition in 2002 (under the stage name Victoria Boston). She has walked the runway for designers such as Chanel, Vogue, Dior, Replay and Armani and appeared in advertising for brands including Levis, David Jones. Keon-Cohen was educated at Lauriston Girls School in Melbourne, Australia class of 2003. In December 2007, Keon-Cohen approached Actors Equity in the UK to represent models for Union protection. Keon-Cohen became a spokesperson for models' rights on", "title": "Victoria Keon-Cohen" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tonga, but he was born in California before moving to Utah as a child. Tahi is cousins with former BYU and former NFL fullback Fui Vakapuna. After retiring from football in 2012 Tahi became the running backs coach for Granger High School in West Valley City, Utah. Tahi graduated from Utah State University in 2016. He is now serving as a Graduate Assistant for the Utah State Aggies. Naufahu Tahi Naufahu Anitoni Tahi (born October 30, 1981) is a former American football fullback. He was signed by the Cincinnati Bengals as an undrafted free agent in 2006. He played college", "title": "Naufahu Tahi" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "of the Year, BYU's third recipient of that award following Luke Staley in 1999 and Austin Collie in 2004. First Team Offense: Max Hall, Dennis Pitta, Ray Feinga, Dallas Reynolds, Harvey Unga* and Austin Collie*.<br> First Team Defense: Jan Jorgensen and Bryan Kehl.<br> Second Team Offense: Austin Collie and Harvey Unga.<br> Second Team Defense: Kelly Poppinga.<br> Honorable Mention: Austin Collie (KR) and Quinn Gooch <nowiki>*</nowiki>CFN only This was the 21st game between Arizona and BYU. BYU was favored to win in this defensive contest. BYU quarterback Max Hall took his first snap in Division I football after a 4-year hiatus", "title": "2007 BYU Cougars football team" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Panthers on August 16, 2014. The Panthers released Unga on August 24, 2014. Unga is currently working as a graduate assistant coach at BYU under head coach Kalani Sitake. Unga was born to Jackson and Theresa Unga. His father played running back for the BYU Cougars in the early 1980s. Since July 16, 2010, he is married to Keilani (née Moeaki), a former BYU women's basketball player, and sister of former Chicago Bears tight end Tony Moeaki. The couple has a son, Jackson (born July 2010), and a daughter, Leila (born August 2011). http://www.foxsports.com/florida/story/jaguars-sign-fb-harvey-unga-ot-cody-booth-081614 Harvey Unga Harvey Unga (born January", "title": "Harvey Unga" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The article also comments on the large differences apparent in the low-frequency region, which remain unexplained. Possible explanations are: Fletcher–Munson curves The Fletcher–Munson curves are one of many sets of equal-loudness contours for the human ear, determined experimentally by Harvey Fletcher and Wilden A. Munson, and reported in a 1933 paper entitled \"Loudness, its definition, measurement and calculation\" in the \"Journal of the Acoustical Society of America\". The first research on the topic of how the ear hears different frequencies at different levels was conducted by Fletcher and Munson in 1933. Until recently, it was common to see the term", "title": "Fletcher–Munson curves" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tech student body president in 1988. He was a lifelong devotee of Louisiana Tech athletics. Eleven years later, he obtained a Master of Business Administration degree from Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge. As a youth, Fletcher campaigned for the election of Ronald W. Reagan for U.S. President. He worked in the George H. W. Bush administration and in the United States Department of Agriculture. He was a graduate and former faculty member of the Republican National Committee Campaign Management College and its Leadership Institute Campaign School in Arlington, Virginia. In 1996 and 1997, Fletcher was the campaign manager and", "title": "Lee Fletcher" } ]

[ "the hearing aid" ]

[ "BYU alumni in academia include former Dean of the Harvard Business School Kim B. Clark, two time world's most influential business thinker Clayton M. Christensen, Michael K. Young '73, current president of the University of Washington, Matthew S. Holland, current president of Utah Valley University, Stan L. Albrecht, current president of Utah State University, Teppo Felin, Professor at the University of Oxford, and Stephen D. Nadauld, previous president of Dixie State University. The University also graduated Nobel Prize winner Paul D. Boyer, as well as Philo Farnsworth (inventor of the electronic television) and Harvey Fletcher (inventor of the hearing aid). Four of BYU's thirteen presidents were alumni of the University. Additionally, alumni of BYU who have served as business leaders include Citigroup CFO Gary Crittenden '76, former Dell CEO Kevin Rollins '84, Deseret Book CEO Sheri L. Dew, and Matthew K. McCauley, CEO of children's clothing company Gymboree." ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "as young birds" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Many birds have been shown to use a sun compass. Using the sun for direction involves the need for making compensation based on the time. Navigation has also been shown to be based on a combination of other abilities including the ability to detect magnetic fields (magnetoception), use visual landmarks as well as olfactory cues. Long distance migrants are believed to disperse as young birds and form attachments to potential breeding sites and to favourite wintering sites. Once the site attachment is made they show high site-fidelity, visiting the same wintering sites year after year. The ability of birds to", "title": "Bird migration" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Many birds have been shown to use a sun compass. Using the sun for direction involves the need for making compensation based on the time. Navigation has also been shown to be based on a combination of other abilities including the ability to detect magnetic fields (magnetoception), use visual landmarks as well as olfactory cues. Long distance migrants are believed to disperse as young birds and form attachments to potential breeding sites and to favourite wintering sites. Once the site attachment is made they show high site-fidelity, visiting the same wintering sites year after year. The ability of birds to", "title": "Bird migration" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "House in New Orleans. The most notable Egyptian structure in the United States was the Washington Monument, begun in 1848, this obelisk originally featured doors with cavetto cornices and winged sun disks, later removed. The National World War I Museum and Memorial in Kansas City, Missouri is another example of Egyptian revival architecture and art. The South African College in the then-British Cape Colony features an \"Egyptian building\" constructed in 1841; the Egyptian revival building of the Cape Town Hebrew Congregation is also still standing. The Great Synagogue was Australia's first Egyptian revival building, followed by the Hobart Synagogue, the", "title": "Egyptian Revival architecture" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "two or more races. 2.38% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. There were 47,807 households out of which 35.20% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.70% were married couples living together, 8.00% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.40% were non-families. 25.80% of all households were made up of individuals and 7.60% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.53 and the average family size was 3.09. In the county, the population was spread out with 27.00% under the", "title": "Olmsted County, Minnesota" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Prime Minister Ali Soheili. He introduced his cabinet as Prime Minister of Iran in 1944. His administration however only lasted 5 months and 20 days, and was succeeded by Ebrahim Hakimi. He served as Minister again on a few other occasions. The visit of Charles de Gaulle to Iran took place during his administration. Under the presence of the Allies in Iran, Tehran also declared war on Japan during his administration. He was buried in Najaf, Iraq. Morteza-Qoli Bayat Morteza Gholi Bayat (Mortezā Qoli Bayāt, aka \"Sahām al-Soltān\", 1890–10 May 1958) was a Prime Minister of Iran. Born in Arak,", "title": "Morteza-Qoli Bayat" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "it look more three dimensional, he added interconnecting tubes and edge pieces to the model. He explained on the Usenet newsgroup rec.arts.startrek.current that the episode used around 90 percent of shots featuring the new cube, while the remainder were stock footage created for earlier episodes. Visual effects supervisor Mitch Suskin was pleased with the explosion of the Borg cube at the end of the episode, saying that \"the only element was the explosion, the rest was accomplished in the CG domain. It was a real breakthrough. That was the first show that I really had no reservations about.\" When later", "title": "Unity (Star Trek: Voyager)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "towns throughout the southwestern states also have significantly large Latino populations. The largest African American populations in the Southwest can be found in Las Vegas (10%), and Phoenix (5%). The largest Asian American populations in the southwest can be found in Nevada and Utah, with some significant Asian population in Phoenix. The most significant American Indian populations can be found in New Mexico and Arizona. The area also contains many of the nation's largest cities and metropolitan areas, despite relatively low population density in rural areas. Phoenix is the fifth most populous city in the country, and Albuquerque and Las", "title": "Southwestern United States" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "make up the clutch. Most species feed on fish caught by diving from flight, but the marsh terns are insect-eaters, and some large terns will supplement their diet with small land vertebrates. Many terns are long-distance migrants, and the Arctic tern may see more daylight in a year than any other animal. Terns are long-lived birds and are relatively free from natural predators and parasites; most species are declining in numbers due directly or indirectly to human activities, including habitat loss, pollution, disturbance, and predation by introduced mammals. The Chinese crested tern is in a critical situation and three other", "title": "Tern" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "most often aproximatly opposite to what is species typical not a random direction. This phenomenon occurs not only with species migrating to a tropical area during the winter months but also with temperate zone migrants, short irruptive food migrants, short distance migrant, and long distance migrants. An article in \"British Birds\" by James Gilroy and Alexander Lees suggests that misorientation primarily occurs approximately opposite direction but can occur in random directions. These random directions could be partly due to genetic variations or abnormalities. These birds that addopt and continue to migrate in this atypical directions have been called Pseudo-vagrancy migrators.", "title": "Reverse migration (birds)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "(Vieillot, 1816) has taxonomic priority over \"Cercomela\" (Bonaparte, 1856) making \"Cercomela\" a junior synonym. Most species have characteristic black and white or red and white markings on their rumps or their long tails. Most species are strongly sexually dimorphic; only the male has the striking plumage patterns characteristic of the genus, though the females share the white or red rump patches. The genus contains 28 species: Wheatears are terrestrial insectivorous birds of open, often dry, country. They often nest in rock crevices or disused burrows. Northern species are long-distance migrants, wintering in Africa. Wheatear The wheatears are passerine birds of", "title": "Wheatear" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "zoospores remain mobile for up to 10 hours, and can swim at speeds of up to 58 centimetres per hour. However, their direction of travel frequently changes, so they disperse no more than 6 cm by swimming. Consequently, long-distance dispersal of \"Phytophthora\" depends on other forms of transport. Feral pigs have been blamed for the spread of kauri dieback due to their tendency to gnaw on the roots of kauri trees, and to transport infected soil on their snouts and trotters. Research in 2017 suggests the transport of infected roots via the gut of pigs is a relatively minor vector", "title": "Kauri dieback" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "migratory, with northern species being long-distance migrants and more southerly species often being altitudinal migrants breeding at high altitude and moving lower down in winter. They are small insectivores, the males mostly brightly coloured in various combinations of red, blue, white, and black, the females light brown with a red tail. Recent genetic studies have shown that the genus \"Phoenicurus\" is not monophyletic, but may be made so by the inclusion of \"Chaimarrornis\" and \"Rhyacornis\" within \"Phoenicurus\"; this conclusion is yet to be taken up by the International Ornithological Congress. The New World redstarts in the genera \"Setophaga\" and \"Myioborus\"", "title": "Redstart" } ]

[ "as young birds" ]

[ "Long distance migrants are believed to disperse as young birds and form attachments to potential breeding sites and to favourite wintering sites. Once the site attachment is made they show high site-fidelity, visiting the same wintering sites year after year." ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "hair" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "an annelid's body consists of segments that are practically identical, having the same sets of internal organs and external chaetae (Greek χαιτη, meaning \"hair\") and, in some species, appendages. However, the frontmost and rearmost sections are not regarded as true segments as they do not contain the standard sets of organs and do not develop in the same way as the true segments. The frontmost section, called the prostomium (Greek προ- meaning \"in front of\" and στομα meaning \"mouth\") contains the brain and sense organs, while the rearmost, called the pygidium (Greek πυγιδιον, meaning \"little tail\") or periproct contains the", "title": "Annelid" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "cleanup. Standard Oil spent more than $1 million in the clean-up. The resulting environmental destruction from the spill, specifically the avian population, prompted volunteers to rescue some 4,300 birds. At this time, knowledge on how to care for birds in such health was low. As a result, and despite efforts, only 300 or so animals were ever deemed fit to be released. The remnants of this volunteer force eventually resulted in the creation of the International Bird Rescue in an endeavor to increase knowledge and research in bird rescue. One of the largest volunteer turnouts since the 1906 San Francisco", "title": "1971 San Francisco Bay oil spill" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "wall paintings. Tassos Margaritoff, one of the leading restorers of Byzantine frescoes, is currently the supervisor of the Akrotiri project. The first fragments of fresco were discovered in 1968 in Sector Alpha, and depict the head of an African, the head of a blue monkey and some large flying blue birds. Though their fragmented condition is perhaps off putting at first, these frescoes revealed that a great art had flourished at Akrotiri. In 1969, the fresco of the Blue Monkeys in Room Beta 6 was discovered, and created increased excitement at the site. The rocky landscape which the monkeys are", "title": "Akrotiri (Santorini)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sydney with Elizabeth he was uncertain about his future as he did not know if John Coghill intended to include him in the management of Bedervale. At first he was considering taking a post he had been offered as a Professor of Chemistry at the recently established University of Sydney. However Coghill did welcome him as an assistant and his future was as a grazier at Braidwood instead of an academic in Sydney. When Elizabeth and Robert inherited Bedervale in 1853 they had two children Robert John Coghill Maddrell (who inherited Bedervale) born in 1849 and Emma Jane born in", "title": "Bedervale" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "theory, organizations should be structured according to complete tasks and processes rather than functions. That is, cross-functional teams should be responsible for a whole process, from beginning to end, rather than having the work go from one functional department to another. Traditional marketing is said to use the functional (or 'silo') department approach. The legacy of this can still be seen in the traditional four P's of the marketing mix. Pricing, product management, promotion, and placement. According to Gordon (1999), the marketing mix approach is too limited to provide a usable framework for assessing and developing customer relationships in many", "title": "Relationship marketing" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "high doses it inhibits the production of the naturally occurring vasodilator, prostacyclin. During acute attacks, individuals typically respond well to fast-acting sublingual, intravenous, or spray nitroglycerin formulations. The onset of symptom relief in response to intravenous administration, which is used in more severe attacks of angina, occurs almost immediately while sublingual formulations of it act within 1–5 minutes. Spray formulations also require ~1-5 minutes to act. As maintenance therapy, sublingual nitroglycerin tablets can be taken 3-5 min before conducting activity that causes angina by the small percentage of patients who experience angina infrequently and only when doing such activity. For", "title": "Variant angina" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Created substances are not logically, but causally, dependent on God. They do not inhere in God as subject, but are effects of God as creator.” To avoid confusion, it is important to note that the degree of reality is not related to size—a bowling ball does not have more reality than a table tennis ball; a forest fire does not have more reality than a candle flame. Descartes says, ‘Formal reality’ is roughly what we mean by ‘actually existing.’ ‘Objective reality’ does not mean objective as opposed to subjective but is more like the object of one’s thoughts irrespective of", "title": "Trademark argument" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "the past does not mean that it cannot be made to work in the future. And the mere fact that something has worked in the past does not mean that it should remain.\" (Kanter as in (Cornwall & Perlman, 1990, pp. 27–28). Using McDonald (2002, pp. 12–33), the following specific set of attractors have been proposed by Senges (2007) to directly influence the knowledge entrepreneurship ability (figure 1.6): Environmental awareness describes with what practices and with what intensity the organization gathers information about its external and internal environment. The importance of this practice for the establishment of an entrepreneurial organization", "title": "Knowledge entrepreneurship" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "and sabellids, they have only a single pair of metanephridia, which empty via this nephridiopore. The thoracic region of the body consists of seven chaetigers (segments bearing chaetae). Chaetae are small appendages that aid the worm with mobility. The first of these segments is the collar segment (peristomium), to which the prostomium is attached. The peristomium bears an elaborate, delicate, membranous collar that overlaps the margins of the aperture of the tube and covers the opening of the tube when the head is extended. There is a pair of calcium-secreting glands located near the midventral line on the posterior end", "title": "Serpula" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mean squared error In statistics, the mean squared error (MSE) or mean squared deviation (MSD) of an estimator (of a procedure for estimating an unobserved quantity) measures the average of the squares of the errors—that is, the average squared difference between the estimated values and what is estimated. MSE is a risk function, corresponding to the expected value of the squared error loss. The fact that MSE is almost always strictly positive (and not zero) is because of randomness or because the estimator does not account for information that could produce a more accurate estimate. The MSE is a measure", "title": "Mean squared error" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "what you mean by amoral and asocial? <BR> BINGER: I mean that amoral behavior is behavior that does not take account the ordinary accepted conventions of morality; and asocial behavior is behavior which has not regard for the good of society and of individuals, and is therefore frequently destructive of both. <br> CROSS: Is psychopathic personality a recognized mental disease? <BR> BINGER: It is... <br> CROSS: Will you tell us, Dr. Binger, what some of the symptoms of a psychopathic personality are? <br> BINGER: Well, they are quite variegated. They include chronic, persistent and repetitive lying; they include stealing; they", "title": "Carl Binger" } ]

[ "hair" ]

[ "Most of an annelid's body consists of segments that are practically identical, having the same sets of internal organs and external chaetae (Greek χαιτη, meaning \"hair\") and, in some species, appendages. However, the frontmost and rearmost sections are not regarded as true segments as they do not contain the standard sets of organs and do not develop in the same way as the true segments. The frontmost section, called the prostomium (Greek προ- meaning \"in front of\" and στομα meaning \"mouth\") contains the brain and sense organs, while the rearmost, called the pygidium (Greek πυγιδιον, meaning \"little tail\") or periproct contains the anus, generally on the underside. The first section behind the prostomium, called the peristomium (Greek περι- meaning \"around\" and στομα meaning \"mouth\"), is regarded by some zoologists as not a true segment, but in some polychaetes the peristomium has chetae and appendages like those of other segments." ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "Outlaws" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "addition of two new franchises to play in 2014, the Los Angeles Kiss, owned by Gene Simmons and Paul Stanley of the rock band Kiss, and the Portland Thunder. In 2014, the league announced the granting of a new franchise to former Mötley Crüe frontman Vince Neil, previously part-owner of the Jacksonville Sharks. That franchise, the Las Vegas Outlaws, played their home games at the Thomas & Mack Center, previously home to the Las Vegas Sting and Las Vegas Gladiators. After 20 years as a familiar name to the league, an AFL mainstay, the Iowa Barnstormers, departed the league to", "title": "Arena Football League" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Las Vegas Outlaws (arena football) The Las Vegas Outlaws were a professional Arena Football League (AFL) team based in Las Vegas, Nevada. They played in the AFL's National Conference West Division in 2015. The franchise was recently owned by Vince Neil, lead singer for Mötley Crüe and former minority owner of the Jacksonville Sharks. On September 11, 2014, it was announced that Aaron Garcia was to be the team's first head coach. This was the third and most recent attempt at an AFL franchise in Las Vegas since two other teams played briefly, the Las Vegas Sting from 1994 to", "title": "Las Vegas Outlaws (arena football)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "addition of two new franchises to play in 2014, the Los Angeles Kiss, owned by Gene Simmons and Paul Stanley of the rock band Kiss, and the Portland Thunder. In 2014, the league announced the granting of a new franchise to former Mötley Crüe frontman Vince Neil, previously part-owner of the Jacksonville Sharks. That franchise, the Las Vegas Outlaws, played their home games at the Thomas & Mack Center, previously home to the Las Vegas Sting and Las Vegas Gladiators. After 20 years as a familiar name to the league, an AFL mainstay, the Iowa Barnstormers, departed the league to", "title": "Arena Football League" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "2015 Arena Football League season The 2015 Arena Football League season was the 28th season in the history of the league. The regular season began on March 27, 2015 and ended on August 8, 2015. The city of Las Vegas, Nevada was awarded an expansion team on June 18, 2014. The team, named the Las Vegas Outlaws, was the first AFL team to call Las Vegas home since the Las Vegas Gladiators in 2007. Vince Neil, lead singer of the rock band Mötley Crüe, was the majority owner of the expansion franchise. The Outlaws' expansion draft took place on December", "title": "2015 Arena Football League season" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "was cancelled and declared a tie. Vince Neil was supposedly likely to have returned as majority owner, but a new ownership group would have had to be formed. However, on August 9, 2015 it was announced that the Las Vegas Outlaws would cease operations effective immediately, despite having qualified for the 2015 playoffs. They were replaced as the fourth and final seed in the National Conference by the Portland Thunder. Las Vegas Outlaws (arena football) The Las Vegas Outlaws were a professional Arena Football League (AFL) team based in Las Vegas, Nevada. They played in the AFL's National Conference West", "title": "Las Vegas Outlaws (arena football)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Neil was the owner of the Las Vegas Outlaws of the Arena Football League, but after 14 weeks of the season, the team was taken over by the league. In 1989, Neil had a small role for , which showed him being protected by Lieutenant Moses Hightower (Bubba Smith). The scene was filmed, but didn't make the cut. In 1990, Neil had a small part in the film \"The Adventures of Ford Fairlane\" playing Bobby Black, lead vocalist of the fictional rock band that consisted of Carlos Cavazo, Randy Castillo, and Phil Soussan. Opening sequences of the film featured the", "title": "Vince Neil" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "1995 before relocating to Anaheim and becoming the Anaheim Piranhas and the Las Vegas Gladiators from 2003 to 2007 before they relocated to Cleveland. Neil won approval from the league for the franchise on June 17, 2014. According to reports from ESPN, he asked to name his team the \"Las Vegas Outlaws\", not to be confused with the former XFL franchise from 2001 of the same name. That wish was granted on August 22, 2014, when the announcement was officially made that the team would indeed be called the Outlaws. After initial rumors had the team playing at the MGM", "title": "Las Vegas Outlaws (arena football)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Rubber (formerly Blow), Big Bang Babies, and Empire (1987). He has played with other bands includingas Slash's Snakepit, Skid Row, Vince Neil Band, Ratt, Warrant, L.A. Guns, Pretty Boy Floyd, Dad's Porno Mag, The Newlydeads, Bulletboys, Love/Hate, Tuff, Tal Bachman, Angel City Outlaws (formerly Phucket), Alice Cooper, Liberty N' Justice and Night Ranger. In July 2009, Keri opened Aces & Ales, an American craft beer bar and restaurant in Las Vegas, Nevada. In June 2013, he opened a second restaurant. Empire Big Bang Babies Rubber The Newlydeads Pretty Boy Floyd Dad's Porno Mag U.S. Crush Slash's Snakepit Goliath Shameless Website", "title": "Keri Kelli" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Los Angeles Xtreme The Los Angeles Xtreme was a professional American football team based in Los Angeles, California. The team was a member of the XFL begun by Vince McMahon of World Wrestling Entertainment and by NBC, a major television network in the United States. The team played its home games in the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum in the spring of 2001. They were in the XFL's Western Division with the San Francisco Demons, the Memphis Maniax, and the Las Vegas Outlaws. The team had the league's best passing offense and was nicknamed \"L.A.X.\" as a pun on the IATA", "title": "Los Angeles Xtreme" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "SGT STAR SGT STAR, also known as Sgt. Star or Sergeant Star, is a chatbot operated by the United States Army to answer questions about recruitment. After the September 11 attacks, traffic increased significantly to chatrooms on the U.S. Army's website, goarmy.com, increasing costs of staffing the live chatrooms. As a cost-cutting measure, the SGT STAR project was initiated as a partnership between the United States Army Accessions Command and Next IT, a Spokane, Washington-based company specializing in \"intelligent virtual assistants,\" using software called ActiveAgent. Testing began in 2003, and SGT STAR launched to the public in 2006. \"STAR\" is", "title": "SGT STAR" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Master of novices In the Roman Catholic Church, the master of novices or novice master is someone who is committed the training of the novices and the government of the novitiate of a religious institute. His duty is to see that the time devoted to the period of the novitiate be passed in prayer, meditation, and the development of character through a study of the \"Life of Christ\" and of the saints, church history, and the vows and the constitution of his institute. Within the time of this probation, he must make a report about each novice to the proper", "title": "Master of novices" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "a single location. The Standoff Detection Technology Evaluation facility allows researchers to release a known amount of material while maintaining a calibrated material scatter so that a standoff detector’s ability to “see” can be accurately measured from up to several kilometers away. This increased precision reduces uncertainty about the potential field performance of standoff detectors. The Standoff Detection Technology Evaluation Facility was designed for use in the Artemis Chemical Standoff Detection Program to allow aerosol backscatter and vapor measurements with a frequency-agile carbon dioxide (CO) Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) standoff detector. The chamber utilizes curtains of air produced by", "title": "Edgewood Chemical Biological Center" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "depths between . This is a greater depth than Brisingidae, which occurs between , usually on hard surfaces. Because of the way their plates abutt on the proximal ends of their arms, Freyellids have not been observed to raise their arms vertically above their discs, as do Brisingidae, and some are probably not suspension feeders. Some do however raise the distal portions of their arms, the parts beyond the gonadal regions. The World Asteroida Database lists the following genera and species: Freyellidae The Freyellidae are a family of deep-sea-dwelling starfish. It is one of two families in the order Brisingida.", "title": "Freyellidae" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "performance. Duke also performed in the One O'Clock Lab Band playing lead alto saxophone. Duke joined the faculty of Northern Illinois University (NIU) in 1980 until his recent retirement in 2011. He was awarded the Presidential Research Professorship at NIU in 1999. In addition to teaching contemporary saxophone repertoire, techniques and performance, Duke also teaches using the Feldenkrais Method. As a jazz saxophonist, Duke has worked with Joe Williams (jazz singer), Ella Fitzgerald, Zoot Sims, Nelson Riddle, Rosemary Clooney, and Louis Bellson among others. His first solo album \"Monk by 2\" featured saxophone and piano duo improvisations with Joe Pinzarrone", "title": "Steve Duke" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Westin Las Vegas The Westin Las Vegas Hotel & Spa is a hotel and former casino near the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada. The Westin is owned by Highgate and Cerberus Capital Management, and uses the Westin brand under franchise from Marriott International. It is noteworthy for being one of the first Las Vegas resorts to prohibit smoking in almost all parts of the property. The property was originally opened on July 1, 1977 as the Maxim Hotel and Casino. It was built at a cost of $25 million by a group of ten Nevada businessmen, including the owners", "title": "Westin Las Vegas" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Las Vegas Transit Las Vegas Transit, also known as Las Vegas Transit System (LVTS), was a former operator of a small private bus system in Las Vegas, Nevada, United States. The Las Vegas Transit System took over from a previous company, Vegas Transit Lines (owned by Tanner Motor Tours of Nevada), in 1965. LVTS was owned by First Gray Line of Los Angeles, California. It was run out of the same yard as its sister operation, Las Vegas Gray Line Tours, on Industrial Rd near Charleston Blvd. Both outfits were owned by the Californians. Due to its lucrative Strip route,", "title": "Las Vegas Transit" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Capital, LLC and is currently a Managing Partner. Over the last 20 years, Omninet, a diversified investment firm with focuses in the fields of wireless communication, private equity and real estate, has developed projects in Los Angeles, San Diego, Phoenix, and Las Vegas. Most recently, he completed construction of a $350 million 45 floor high-rise luxury condominium, named Sky Las Vegas on Las Vegas Boulevard. He is an executive producer of \"The Accidental Husband\" (2008), a romantic comedy film, directed by Griffin Dunne, starring Uma Thurman, Jeffrey Dean Morgan, Colin Firth, Isabella Rossellini, and Sam Shepard. It was released in", "title": "Neil Kadisha" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "missionaries that built the fort. Gass initially owned but by 1872 had bought out his partners and owned the entire ranch. The name of the ranch was changed to Las Vegas Rancho to differentiate it from Las Vegas, New Mexico The abandoned fort was in a state of general disrepair went Gass moved in. He and his partners set about the process of repairing the property and turning it into a way station for travelers using the Old Spanish Trail. Gass and his partners began raising cattle and horses. The fields were planted initially with barley, oats, and wheat with", "title": "Octavius D. Gass" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "resort will also house hotels from two Marriott brands - EDITION and JW Marriott Hotels, making it the first JW Marriott hotel to open on the Las Vegas Strip. Marriott will manage the three hotels. The project's new name received puzzled reactions because of its unclear meaning. A representative for Steve Witkoff's company stated that The Drew \"feels familiar and approachable, but also fresh and modern – it reflects what people are craving in Las Vegas and signals the experiences Witkoff and Marriott will deliver.\" People involved with the project said that its new name is partly a tribute to", "title": "The Drew Las Vegas" } ]

[ "Outlaws" ]

[ "In 2014, the league announced the granting of a new franchise to former Mötley Crüe frontman Vince Neil, previously part-owner of the Jacksonville Sharks. That franchise, the Las Vegas Outlaws, were originally to play in Las Vegas at the MGM Grand Garden Arena in 2015, but instead played their home games at the Thomas & Mack Center, previous home to the Las Vegas Sting and Las Vegas Gladiators. After 20 years as a familiar name to the league, an AFL mainstay, the Iowa Barnstormers, departed the league to join the Indoor Football League. The San Antonio Talons folded on October 13, 2014, after the league (which owned the team) failed to find a new owner. On November 16, 2014, despite a successful season record-wise, the Pittsburgh Power became the second team to cease operations after the 2014 season. This resulted from poor attendance. It was later announced by the league that the Power would go dormant for 2015 and were looking for new ownership." ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "water balloons" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "people, including public employees and volunteers. Overall, the protests were peaceful in nature, although there were a few incidents such as the throwing of several water balloons in an attempt to extinguish the Olympic flame, and minor scuffles between Olympic protesters and supporters from Chinese immigrant communities. In fear of violent protests and bomb attacks, the torch relay in Pakistan took place in a stadium behind closed doors. Although the relay was behind closed doors, thousands of policemen and soldiers guarded the flame. As a consequence, no incidents arose. Wary of protests, the Indian authorities have decided to shorten the", "title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Laszlo Toth, a deranged man who vandalized Michelangelo's Pietà in Rome). The letters, written to suggest a serious but misinformed and obtuse correspondent, were designed to tweak the noses of politicians and corporations. Many of them received serious responses; Novello sometimes continued the charade correspondence at length, with humorous results. The letters and responses were published in the books \"The Lazlo Letters\", \"Citizen Lazlo!\", and \"From Bush to Bush: The Lazlo Toth Letters\". \"The Lazlo Letters\", Novello's first book of stilted letters to celebrities, caught the attention of Lorne Michaels, producer of \"Saturday Night Live\". Novello was hired as a", "title": "Don Novello" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Munawwar Qari Abdurrashidkhan ogli Munawwar Qari Abdurrashidkhan ogli (Cyrillic Мунаввар Қори Абдурашидхон ўғли; Arabic name ) (*1878 in Tashkent; † 1931) was a leading Jadidist of late Tsarist Turkestan. Like other Jadids, Munnawwar Qari worked as author, poet, teacher, journalist and in other occupations. He became a victim of the Great Purge. Munawwar Qari was the youngest child in a family of Islamic scholars and received his education in Tashkent and Bukhara. In 1901, he opened Tashkent's first Maktab to follow the Jadids new method of teaching. He also wrote textbooks for use in schools and published literary works of", "title": "Munawwar Qari Abdurrashidkhan ogli" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "the liver and can cause liver impairment in adolescence or early adulthood. It also occurs in patients with hereditary iron refractory iron-deficiency anemia (IRIDA). Patients with IRIDA have very low serum iron and transferrin saturation, but their serum ferritin is normal or high. The anemia is usually moderate in severity and presents later in childhood. Hypochromic anemia is also caused by thalassemia and congenital disorders like Benjamin anemia. Hypochromic anemia Hypochromic anemia, or Hypochromic anaemia, is a generic term for any type of anemia in which the red blood cells (erythrocytes) are paler than normal. (\"Hypo\"- refers to \"less\", and", "title": "Hypochromic anemia" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "José Miguel Infante José Miguel Infante y Rojas (March 1778 - April 9, 1844) was a Chilean statesman and political figure. He served several times as deputy and minister, and was the force behind the Federalist movement in that country. He was born in Santiago, the son of Agustín Infante y Prado and of Rosa Rojas. He studied law in the College of San Carlos, and was admitted to practice in 1806. From a very young age, he was very inclined to study political philosophy and to read the classics. His maternal uncle, José Antonio de Rojas motivated him by", "title": "José Miguel Infante" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "the murders and executed in 1943. For Mohammad Reza Shah, it served as a torture and execution chamber of those who opposed his regime. In its dark, dank-smelling cells Ayatollah Khomeini, Ali Khamenei, Morteza Motahhari and Ayatollah Taleqani were held. On 11 February 1979 1,000 women were liberated from the prison. Following the 1979 Revolution, many civil and military officials of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi were detained and executed at the prison, including Nader Jahanbani and Amir Hossein Rabi'i; Major General Manuchechr Khosrodad and Prime Minister Amir Abbas Hoveida were imprisoned at Qasr before being executed on the roof of Refah", "title": "Museum of the Qasr Prison" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "penguins face a cooling phase in their sex life and through a series of trial-and-error experiments try to regain their passion for one another. Synopsis: Gus and Waldo are suffering between the sheets and set out to rekindle the flame both in and out of the bedroom. They didn’t just mate for life, they mated all the time, but will the routine of married life put their sex life on ice? They are willing to try anything and everything from pole dancing to Viagra, from role play to aphrodisiac food. The clumsy penguins ask all their friends for advice, but", "title": "Gus & Waldo" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "was no longer a threat to the King, Fitzharris was charged with treason. Along with Sir Francis Winnington and Henry Pollexfen, Treby went to court to try to prevent the execution of Fitzharris, his most important witness. The argument was that the Court of King's Bench could not try Fitzharris as he was currently being prosecuted by Parliament; to do so would be to move the case from a higher court to a lower one. The argument was thrown out as the dissolution of Parliament meant that the impeachment case had effectively ceased, and Fitzharris was executed shortly after. After", "title": "George Treby (judge)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "John. \"Like what you are.\" John Allen says. John says that she can't go out looking that way, as his wife. Shirley indicates that she has credibility now, \"with the other girls\", as she's married, \"there are things a Mrs. can get away with that a Miss can't\". Lizzie, the cleaning lady (Dorothea Wolbert) tells Shirley that the landlady is after them for the rent. John Allen indicates that they must put this off, pay her later. Lizzie indicates that they'll get thrown out \"her brothers a cop you know\". Shirley pulls a clip of money out of her stocking.", "title": "Two Seconds" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "source, was not actually entirely aware of what they were either. Nevertheless, the passage does describe them as being \"put into\" the breastplate, which scholars think implies they were objects put into some sort of pouch within it, and then, while out of view, one (or one side, if the \"Urim and Thummim\" was a single object) was chosen by touch and withdrawn or thrown out; since the Urim and Thummim were put inside this pouch, they were presumably small and fairly flat, and were possibly tablets of wood or of bone. Considering the scholars' conclusion that \"Urim\" essentially means", "title": "Urim and Thummim" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "putting ensembles together that were not only stylish but helped him develop his character: She just sort of sits there with her cigarette and her hair, and she would pull stuff — these very disparate elements — and put them together into this ensemble, and you'd go, \"Come on, Pat, you can't wear that with that.\" She'd say, \"Eh, just try it on.\" So you'd put it on, and not only did it work, but it works on so many different levels — and it allows you to figure out who the guy is. Those outfits achieve exactly what I", "title": "The Devil Wears Prada (film)" } ]

[ "water balloons" ]

[ "The outreach director of HRTR, Susan Prager, is also the communication director of \"Friends of Falun Gong\", a quasi-government non-profit funded by fmr. Congressman Tom Lanto's wife and Ambassador Mark Palmer of NED. A major setback to the event was caused by footballer Diego Maradona, scheduled to open the relay through Buenos Aires, pulling out in an attempt to avoid the Olympic controversy. Trying to avoid the scenes that marred the relay in the UK, France and the US, the city government designed a complex security operative to protect the torch relay, involving 1200 police officers and 3000 other people, including public employees and volunteers. Overall, the protests were peaceful in nature, although there were a few incidents such as the throwing of several water balloons in an attempt to extinguish the Olympic flame, and minor scuffles between Olympic protesters and supporters from Chinese immigrant communities." ]

[ "" ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "New York State" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Jewish migration in the closing decades of the 19th century and opening decades of the 20th century to 3.5 million by 1924. This migration was discouraged by several Rabbis, stating that the American environment was not conducive to Jewish observance, an observation many Jews agreed with, but only after settling in the United States. Although sizable Orthodox Jewish communities are located throughout the United States, the highest number of American Orthodox Jews live in New York State, particularly in the New York City Metropolitan Area. Two of the main Orthodox communities in the United States are located in New York", "title": "Orthodox Judaism" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Jewish migration in the closing decades of the 19th century and opening decades of the 20th century to 3.5 million by 1924. This migration was discouraged by several Rabbis, stating that the American environment was not conducive to Jewish observance, an observation many Jews agreed with, but only after settling in the United States. Although sizable Orthodox Jewish communities are located throughout the United States, the highest number of American Orthodox Jews live in New York State, particularly in the New York City Metropolitan Area. Two of the main Orthodox communities in the United States are located in New York", "title": "Orthodox Judaism" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Carmel from all over the world. The center of the National Shrine is a chapel, dominated by huge stained-glass windows that depict the journey of the soul to God, modeled on St. John of the Cross’ \"Ascent of Mount Carmel\". The front of the chapel features a large wood carving of the life of St. Thérèse. The carving was designed by Helen Henke and hand-carved in Italy by Vincenzo Demetz Figlio. Measuring 12 feet by 28 feet, it tells her whole life story in a visual and beautiful way. It is the largest wood carving of a religious nature in", "title": "National Shrine of St Therese" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "action and the Kenmore became \"a beehive of narcotics-related activities, including the sale, distribution, preparation, packaging and/or possession of narcotics.\" Five years after the seizure in 1999, after undergoing a complete gut-renovation, the building was re-opened as a 326-unit supportive housing development by the New York City based non-profit organization Housing and Services, Inc.. Hotel Kenmore Hall Hotel Kenmore Hall is a 22-story single room occupancy hotel located at 145 East 23rd Street in the Gramercy section of Manhattan, designed by architect Maurice Deutsch and constructed in 1927. Author Nathanael West lived and worked at the hotel as a night", "title": "Hotel Kenmore Hall" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Power-to-X Power-to-X (also P2X and P2Y) has two meanings. First, power-to-X refers to a number of electricity conversion, energy storage, and reconversion pathways that utilize surplus electric power, typically during periods where fluctuating renewable energy generation exceeds load. Second, power-to-X refers to conversion technologies that allow for the decoupling of power from the electricity sector for use in other sectors (such as transport or chemicals), possibly using power that has been provided by additional investments in generation. The term power-to-x is widely used in Germany and may have originated there. The X in the terminology can refer to one of", "title": "Power-to-X" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Thomas is dying, as he used up his energy reserves in the fight. Inari's arm is shattered. Lara and Dresden evacuate them to the Raith mansion for medical attention. Lara offers Dresden the hospitality and protection of her home. Lord Raith, her father and the King of the White Court vampires, is not bound by her word. Later, Raith sends a drugged Inari to feed on Dresden, but she is burned by touching him. Thomas arrives just in time to hustle Inari away, and explains that Dresden is still protected by Susan's love. In Lord Raith's gallery, he shows Dresden", "title": "Blood Rites (The Dresden Files)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "entry\" in the 2006 Knight-Batten Awards with the comment \"A pat on the back for job well done\". The paper won the Greater Cleveland Community Shares \"Social Justice Reporting Award\" in 2005. The \"Homeless Grapevine\" was discontinued in 2009. The following year, NEOCH launched its replacement, \"The Cleveland Street Chronicle\". In the mid-1990s, the city required that \"Grapevine\" sellers have a peddlers' license, costing 50 dollars. After one vendor was ticketed, the American Civil Liberties Union of Ohio argued that it was a violation of the First Amendment and the charges were dropped. A lawsuit was also filed on behalf", "title": "Homeless Grapevine" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "intelligible with English. Many of these words have not been assimilated into English and are unlikely to be understood by English speakers who do not have substantial Yiddish knowledge. Leo Rosten's book, \"The Joys of Yiddish,\" explains these words (and many more) in detail. With the exceptions of \"blintz,\" \"kosher\" (used in English slang), and \"shmo,\" none of the other words in this list are labeled as \"Yinglish\" in Rosten's book. Primarily Ashkenazi Orthodox Jews will use Yiddish, Hebrew, or Aramaic while speaking a version of English. Many of these do not translate directly into English or have a different", "title": "Yiddish words used in English" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "current municipality of the same name. In 2010, 36% to 39% of the inhabitants of Antwerp had a migrant background. A study projects that in 2020, 55% of the population will be of migrant background. After the Holocaust and the destruction of its many Jews, Antwerp became a major centre for Orthodox Jews. At present, about 15,000 Haredi Jews, many of them Hasidic, live in Antwerp. The city has three official Jewish Congregations: Shomrei Hadass, headed by Rabbi Dovid Moishe Lieberman, Machsike Hadass, headed by Rabbi Aron Schiff (formerly by Chief Rabbi Chaim Kreiswirth) and the Portuguese Community Ben Moshe.", "title": "Antwerp" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "in large numbers. Many Jews, including the newer immigrants, have settled in Queens, south Brooklyn, and the Bronx, where at present most live in middle-class neighborhoods. The number of Jews is especially high in Brooklyn, where 561,000 residents—one out of four inhabitants—is Jewish. , there are 1.1 million Jews in New York City. Borough Park, known for its large Orthodox Jewish population, had 27.9 births per 1,000 residents in 2015, making it the neighborhood with the city's highest birth rate. However, the most rapidly growing community of American Orthodox Jews is located in Rockland County and the Hudson Valley of", "title": "Jews in New York City" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "events in particular regions. Historically, Jews in Europe would hide in their homes and villages during the Christmas holiday, for fear of violence from locals. In the United States, Christmas and Christmas Eve typically serve as times of family gathering and prayer for Christians and many others. The atmosphere of religious liberalism and tolerance in the United States has offered American Jews the opportunity to enjoy the holiday period. At the same time, many American Jews do not engage in the same family-gathering activities on the Christmas holiday that Christians in the United States do. With Christmas Day a work", "title": "Matzo Ball" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "contributing to a net \"increase\" in the number of Jews. As well, some children raised through intermarriage rediscover and embrace their Jewish roots when they themselves marry and have children. In contrast to the ongoing trends of assimilation, some communities within American Jewry, such as Orthodox Jews, have significantly higher birth rates and lower intermarriage rates, and are growing rapidly. The proportion of Jewish synagogue members who were Orthodox rose from 11% in 1971 to 21% in 2000, while the overall Jewish community declined in number. In 2000, there were 360,000 so-called \"ultra-orthodox\" (Haredi) Jews in USA (7.2%). The figure", "title": "American Jews" } ]

[ "New York State" ]

[ "Although sizable Orthodox Jewish communities are located throughout the United States, many American Orthodox Jews live in New York State, particularly in the New York City Metropolitan Area. Two of the main Orthodox communities in the United States are located in New York City and Rockland County. In New York City, the neighborhoods of Borough Park, Midwood, Williamsburg, and Crown Heights, located in the borough of Brooklyn, have particularly large Orthodox communities. The most rapidly growing community of American Orthodox Jews is located in Rockland County and the Hudson Valley of New York, including the communities of Monsey, Monroe, New Square, and Kiryas Joel. There are also sizable and rapidly growing Orthodox communities throughout New Jersey, particularly in Lakewood, Teaneck, Englewood, Passaic, and Fair Lawn." ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "Queen Mary" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "knee breeches of an 18th-century design. Women's evening dress included trains and tiaras or feathers in their hair (often both). The dress code governing formal court uniform and dress has progressively relaxed. After World War I, when Queen Mary wished to follow fashion by raising her skirts a few inches from the ground, she requested a lady-in-waiting to shorten her own skirt first to gauge the king's reaction. King George V was horrified, so the queen kept her hemline unfashionably low. Following their accession in 1936, King George VI and his consort, Queen Elizabeth, allowed the hemline of daytime skirts", "title": "Buckingham Palace" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "knee breeches of an 18th-century design. Women's evening dress included trains and tiaras or feathers in their hair (often both). The dress code governing formal court uniform and dress has progressively relaxed. After World War I, when Queen Mary wished to follow fashion by raising her skirts a few inches from the ground, she requested a lady-in-waiting to shorten her own skirt first to gauge the king's reaction. King George V was horrified, so the queen kept her hemline unfashionably low. Following their accession in 1936, King George VI and his consort, Queen Elizabeth, allowed the hemline of daytime skirts", "title": "Buckingham Palace" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "an invitation from Britain's prime minister Herbert Asquith and his wife. In 1915, King George V.'s Physician heard of Shymer's accomplishments and was impressed. On May 1, 1915 Shymer boarded the British luxury liner RMS Lusitania, which was supposed to travel from New York to Liverpool, England. She was going to be introduced at St James to King George and Queen Mary of England. Apart from that, she also wanted to establish new contacts and patent her newest formulae. Before she departed, she wanted to proceed with the divorce of her husband but was hindered because she didn't know where", "title": "Anne Shymer" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "John Millar (Canadian politician) John Millar (19 March 1866 – 15 May 1950) was a Progressive party and Liberal Progressive member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was born in Woodstock, Canada West and became a farmer and teacher. Millar attended high school at Woodstock Collegiate Institute. He received a second-class teachers' certificate and became a schoolteacher in Ontario for three years and in Saskatchewan for five years. From 1901 to 1908, he was the first secretary of the Saskatchewan Grain Growers Association and in 1906 chaired the Royal Grain Commission. Millar served as reeve of Indian Head,", "title": "John Millar (Canadian politician)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "of the Morrison Formation—eroded from rising highlands to the west—were deposited on top of the marine Sundance sediments as the sea regressed for the last time late in the Jurassic. The sedimentary rocks which formed in and around the Sundance Sea are often rich in fossils. The Sundance Sea was rich in many types of animals. \"Gryphaea\" was extremely common, and shark teeth have been found. In addition to fish, belemnites and to an extent ammonites swarmed in shoals. Crinoids and bivalvia dotted the seafloor. \"Ophthalmosaurus\", a large ichthyosaur, swam in the seas using its large, long jaws to catch", "title": "Sundance Sea" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "were put on the civilian market\", Frozen and dried food products also became popular after the war. National Research Corporation of Boston introduced frozen orange juice concentrate called \"tang.\" The company became Minute Maid, and, by 1950, a quarter of Florida's orange crop was going into concentrates. The frozen product quickly overtook fresh squeezed orange juice in most American homes. Full frozen meals were not far behind. In the 1950s, a Nebraska company Swanson's brought out their TV Dinners to great success. These changes in eating habits caused huge changes in appliances, transportation and farming. Since people began buying the", "title": "American modernism" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "William Leake William Leake, father (died 1633) and son (died 1681), were London publishers and booksellers of the late sixteenth and the seventeenth centuries. They were responsible for a range of texts in English Renaissance drama and poetry, including works by Shakespeare and Beaumont and Fletcher. William Leake I, or William Leake the elder, started in business as a bookseller around 1586. His shops were at the sign of the Greyhound in Paternoster Row, and at the sign of the Holy Ghost in St. Paul's Churchyard. In 1596 he acquired the rights to Shakespeare's \"Venus and Adonis\" from John Harrison", "title": "William Leake" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "blue shorts since the 1898–99 season. The club's emblem is a cockerel standing upon a football, with a Latin motto \"Audere est Facere\" (\"To Dare Is to Do\"). Founded in 1882, Tottenham won the FA Cup for the first time in 1901, the only non-League club to do so since the formation of the Football League in 1888. Tottenham were the first club in the 20th century to achieve the League and FA Cup Double, winning both competitions in the 1960–61 season. After successfully defending the FA Cup in 1962, in 1963 they became the first British club to win", "title": "Tottenham Hotspur F.C." }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "J-pop idol Momoe Yamaguchi.) Later kogaru heroines would capitalize on Megu's sexuality; it would, in fact, become a hallmark of the genre. There were numerous scenes in which Megu wore sheer nightgowns through which her underwear was plainly visible. Rabi had an arsenal tricks aimed at catching his \"big sister\" disrobed, from yanking the sheets off Megu's bed in the morning to using a fishing rod to lift her skirt. Rabi wasn't the only voyeur Megu was forced to contend with; there was the vile Chou-san, an agent of the witch queen sent to sabotage Megu's chances of winning the", "title": "Majokko Megu-chan" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "'em both.\" In \"ScrewAttack\"'s \"Death Battle!\" series the same year, Mai, dubbed \"the queen of fighters\", defeated Chun-Li due to her greater nimbleness and superior ranged attack abilities. Mai Shiranui is also popular in Korea, where she received 62% of votes to Chun-Li's 19% in a 2009 South Korean online poll held on White Day, in which fans voted for their \"most wanted\" female fighting-game character. According to Crunchyroll's Nate Ming in 2016, Mai has continued to represent \"SNK, \"Fatal Fury\", and \"KoF\" in the same way that Chun-li [represents] \"Street Fighter\".\" That same year, Aleksander Borszowski of Polish magazine", "title": "Mai Shiranui" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kane, a \"sworn enemy\" of all wrongdoers. She fought crime in a red skirt and mask, light blue blouse open to the navel, and yellow sash, cape, and boots. She also wore a special pair of bracelets that fired spider webbing. Her detective boyfriend was Mike O'Bell. Spider Queen appeared in only three issues of \"The Eagle\", and that only as a backup feature. Her final Golden Age appearance was in \"The Eagle\" #4 (January 1942). Spider Queen was briefly revived in 1993, as part of a Marvel Comics' four-issue mini-series featuring the Invaders. The story pitted the World War", "title": "Spider Queen" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nancy Paterson (artist) Nancy Evelyn Paterson (1957–2018) was a Canadian artist and writer known for her work in new media. Paterson was considered an important contributor to the cyberfeminist movement and to the discussion of the role of gender in electronically mediated experience. Paterson was also known for her electronically-based artworks. Her 1998 work \"Stock Market Skirt\" connected the physical height of a skirt hemline with the realtime movement of the stock market. Her 1989 work \"Bicycle TV\" placed the viewer on a bicycle facing a video screen as the viewer cycled, then controlled their movement through scenes of the", "title": "Nancy Paterson (artist)" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "youth culture and defiance. Mary Quant, the London-based designer responsible for the skirt, sought to reflect an era that was “arrogant, aggressive, and sexy.” Accordingly, the mini skirt was a popular choice for independent and progressive women in the 1960s. During the violent protests and events of May 1968 in France, the mini skirt became a symbol of female revolution and defiance. Andre Courrèges popularized the hemline in France. While the nostalgia of the 1970s saw a return to more conventional hemlines, the mini skirt persists as a symbol of women’s rights and sexual liberation to this day. The slogan", "title": "Fashion activism" } ]

[ "Queen Mary" ]

[ "Formerly, men not wearing military uniform wore knee breeches of an 18th-century design. Women's evening dress included obligatory trains and tiaras or feathers in their hair (or both). The dress code governing formal court uniform and dress has progressively relaxed. After World War I, when Queen Mary wished to follow fashion by raising her skirts a few inches from the ground, she requested a lady-in-waiting to shorten her own skirt first to gauge the king's reaction. King George V was horrified, so the queen kept her hemline unfashionably low. Following their accession in 1936, King George VI and his consort, Queen Elizabeth, allowed the hemline of daytime skirts to rise. Today, there is no official dress code. Most men invited to Buckingham Palace in the daytime choose to wear service uniform or lounge suits; a minority wear morning coats, and in the evening, depending on the formality of the occasion, black tie or white tie." ]

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[ { "date": { "day": "", "month": "", "year": "" }, "number": "", "spans": [ "important in establishing the fledgling state, raising funds and awareness abroad" ] } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Egypt. The Hellenistic period is characterized by a new wave of Greek colonization that established Greek cities and kingdoms in Asia and Africa. Under the Roman Empire, easier movement of people spread Greeks across the Empire and in the eastern territories, Greek became the lingua franca rather than Latin. The modern-day Griko community of southern Italy, numbering about 60,000, may represent a living remnant of the ancient Greek populations of Italy. During and after the Greek War of Independence, Greeks of the diaspora were important in establishing the fledgling state, raising funds and awareness abroad. Greek merchant families already had", "title": "Greeks" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Roman mausoleum of Fabara The Roman tomb called mausoleum of Fabara or mausoleum of Lucius Aemilius Lupus is located on the left bank of Matarranya River near the village of Fabara, in the province of Zaragoza. Quite possibly the monument of such type best-preserved of the entire peninsula. The tomb is located in an area with a high density of rural Roman remains, with several archaeological sites and Roman villas. Nearby have been located signs of other buildings of the same type. It is a construction of the 2nd century AD. The mausoleum had gone virtually unnoticed by scholars. It", "title": "Roman mausoleum of Fabara" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "important award for comparative literature in the United States. American Comparative Literature Association The American Comparative Literature Association (ACLA) is the principal learned society in the United States for scholars whose work connects several different literary traditions and cultures or that examines the premises of cross-cultural literary study. Founded in 1960, it has over 1,000 members, and is affiliated with other organizations like the American Council of Learned Societies, the Modern Language Association and the National Humanities Alliance. Between other activities, the association offers four awards: the \"A. Owen Aldridge\" award, the \"Horst Frenz\" award, the \"Charles Bernheimer\" award and", "title": "American Comparative Literature Association" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "at the Wimbledon Championships, she came back from a set down to upset Williams in the third round, handing the American her earliest exit at the tournament since 2005. Cornet also has an impressive junior's record, reaching a career-high combined ranking of world No. 8 in 2007. In addition, she also won her sole Grand Slam junior singles title at the 2007 French Open. She made her Grand Slam debut at the 2005 French Open and made it to the second round, where she lost to Amélie Mauresmo. In 2006, she reached the second round again by beating Virginia Ruano", "title": "Alizé Cornet" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lee Tulloch Lee Ann Tulloch (born 12 January 1954) is an Australian-born journalist and author. She was born in Melbourne, and has a degree in English Literature from Melbourne University. She has worked as a researcher in federal politics. She was arts features editor for \"Vogue Australia\" from 1978 to 1982, and editor-in-chief of \"Harper's Bazaar Australia\". After moving to New York in 1985, she wrote her first novel, \"Fabulous Nobodies\", which was published in 1989. With her photographer husband, Anthony Amos, she chose a bohemian life, moving between Australia, New York and Paris for more than a decade with", "title": "Lee Tulloch" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "for housing, during the 1970s and 1980s this was realised with the building of a number of large modern housing developments. Until the mid-20th century, Heamoor had three centres of Christian worship: Wesley Rock Wesleyan Chapel; a Bible Christian Chapel; and the Church of England Church of St Thomas. Wesley Rock Methodist Church is so called because of the frequent visits by John Wesley to the area where he is said to have preached from a rock in a field. The 'Rock' in question now forms the base of the pulpit in Wesley Rock Church itself. It was moved upon", "title": "Heamoor" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "someone else. If you can find some young actor and you can say, 'Listen, don't do this and don't do that and avoid this and that,' and share your experiences, and he does succeed, you can say, 'You know what, I kind of contributed to that.' As an actor did you have to learn you can't always be No.1 the hard way? (Laughs) Unfortuantely I did Stallone says it took four years to get the finance to make the film. Stallone and Harlin had previously worked together on \"Cliffhanger\". Harlin had been trying to develop a film on the life", "title": "Driven (2001 film)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "for the child's welfare and the success of the upbringing, not just in terms of providing financially but personally and developmentally. For people raised by parents who did not adopt these dual-focus responsibilities, this identification can entail a psychological adjustment. Child psychiatrist Kyle Pruett, educator John Badalament, sociology journalist Jeremy Adam Smith, educator Donald S. Unger, and psychologist Joshua Coleman, in separate efforts, have considered the psychological transition some men experience as they take on a more engaged relationship with their children and do the work of meeting a dependent child's needs, if their own fathers did not do this.", "title": "Shared earning/shared parenting marriage" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "and in 1980 they appeared in the short-lived NBC variety show \"The Big Show\"; the two were glad the show did not last as they objected to the use of canned laughter by the American networks. Following the success of \"The Two Ronnies\", the BBC let Barker decide what he wanted to do. \"The Two Ronnies\" took up one third of a year to produce, allowing time for Barker and Corbett to do a solo project each. Barker opted to produce some sitcom pilots shown as part of 1973's \"Seven of One\". Two of these pilots, \"Open All Hours\" (written", "title": "Ronnie Barker" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "historian Herbert Gutman noted, the Phillipsian answer was that slavery lifted the slaves out of the barbarism of Africa, Christianized them, protected them, and generally benefited them. Scholarship in the 1950's then moved to the question, what did slavery do \"to\" the slaves, and concluded it was a harsh and profitable system. More recently, scholars such as Genovese and Gutman asked, \"What did slaves do for themselves?\" They concluded \"In the slave quarters, through family, community and religion, slaves struggled for a measure of independence and dignity. Phillips argued that large-scale plantation slavery was inefficient and not progressive. It had", "title": "Ulrich Bonnell Phillips" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "unknown viewership metrics; he commented that they \"have a far better shot of sticking with a show that has an audience that [they] think [they] can grow\". Prior to the onset of the fourth season, Reilly reiterated that they do not expect any significant growth in \"Fringe\"s viewership within that season: \"It's a pretty complex show. If \"Fringe\" can do exactly what \"Fringe\" did last year, we're going to be very happy. They're right in the pocket creatively once again.\" Wyman stated in an interview with \"The Hollywood Reporter\" that the Fox network had been \"supportive throughout this process\", and", "title": "Fringe (TV series)" } ]

[ "important in establishing the fledgling state, raising funds and awareness abroad" ]

[ "During and after the Greek War of Independence, Greeks of the diaspora were important in establishing the fledgling state, raising funds and awareness abroad. Greek merchant families already had contacts in other countries and during the disturbances many set up home around the Mediterranean (notably Marseilles in France, Livorno in Italy, Alexandria in Egypt), Russia (Odessa and Saint Petersburg), and Britain (London and Liverpool) from where they traded, typically in textiles and grain. Businesses frequently comprised the extended family, and with them they brought schools teaching Greek and the Greek Orthodox Church." ]

[ "" ]

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