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Please summerize the given abstract to a title	This study examines two stock market anomalies and provides strong evidence of the day-of-the-week effect in the Chinese A-share market during the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, we examined the Quality minus Junk (QMJ) strategy return on Monday and FridayQuality stocks mean portfolio deciles that earn higher excess returns. As historical evidences suggest that less distressed/safe stocks earn higher excess returns (Dichev, 1998).. The QMJ factor is similar to the division of speculative and non-speculative stocks described by Birru (2018). Our findings provide evidence that the QMJ strategy gains negative returns on Fridays for both anomalies because the junk side is sensitive to an elevated mood and, thus, performs better than the quality side of portfolios on Friday. Our findings are also consistent with the theory of investor sentiment which asserts that investors are more optimistic when their mood is elevated, and generally individual mood is better on Friday than on other days of the week. Therefore, the speculative stocks earned higher sustainable stock returns during higher volatility in Chinese market due to COVID-19. Intrinsically, new evidence emerges on an inclined strategy to invest in speculative stocks on Fridays during the COVID-19 pandemic to gain sustainable excess returns in the Chinese A-share market.	Mood Sensitive Stocks and Sustainable Cross-Sectional Returns During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Analysis of Day of the Week Effect in the Chinese A-Share Market	Mood Sensitive Stocks and Sustainable Cross-Sectional Returns During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Analysis of Day of the Week Effect in the Chinese A-Share Market
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	A longitudinal observational study on a convenience sample was conducted between 4 January and 31 December of 2010 to evaluate clinical outcomes that occur when a new Interprofessional Diabetes Foot Ulcer Team (IPDFUT) helps in the management of diabetes-related foot ulcers (DFUs) in patients living in a small urban community in Ontario, Canada. Eighty-three patients presented to the IPDFUT with 114 DFUs of average duration of 19·5 ± 2·7 weeks. Patients were 58·4 ± 1·4 years of age and 90% had type 2 diabetes, HbA1c of 8·3 ± 2·0%, with an average diabetes duration of 22·3 ± 3·4 years; in 69% of patients, 78 DFUs healed in an average duration of 7·4 ± 0·7 weeks, requiring an average of 3·8 clinic visits. Amputation of a toe led to healing in three patients (4%) and one patient required a below-knee amputation. Six patients died and three withdrew. Adding a skilled IPDFUT that is trained to work together resulted in improved healing outcomes. The rate of healing, proportion of wounds closed and complication rate were similar if not better than the results published previously in Canada and around the world. The IPDFUT appears to be a successful model of care and could be used as a template to provide effective community care to the patients with DFU in Ontario, Canada.	Effective management of patients with diabetes foot ulcers: outcomes of an Interprofessional Diabetes Foot Ulcer Team.	Effective management of patients with diabetes foot ulcers: outcomes of an Interprofessional Diabetes Foot Ulcer Team.
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	The aim of this work is to analyze the perceptions of Colombian, Spanish, and Ecuadorian teachers regarding cyberbullying from a cross-cultural perspective. A descriptive and analytical method was used with a quantitative approach and 240 teachers answered an ad hoc questionnaire. Most teachers in the three countries say that they do not know how to deal with this type of bullying and have not received training in this respect, with the percentages in the three countries being very similar. Spanish teachers have the highest percentage of lack of concern about cyberbullying and Colombian teachers are the ones who admit to having had the most cases of cyberbullying. In terms of reaction, the majority acted, but among those who did not, Ecuadorian teachers did not due to lack of knowledge. Forced by the pandemic to teach their classes online, teachers are increasingly concerned about cyberbullying. For the three countries, it is considered necessary to take measures in terms of legislating specific protocols to deal with cyberbullying at school and that the training plans for the degrees that give access to this profession include the competencies that allow teachers to develop appropriate strategies to respond to cyberbullying.	Teachers’ Perspectives on Cyberbullying: A Cross-Cultural Study	Teachers’ Perspectives on Cyberbullying: A {{ORGANIZATION}}
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	This case is about WHOOP, Inc , a digital startup in the fitness technology space, how it responded to the Covid-19 pandemic, and its evolving business model and opportunities in the competitive wearables industry WHOOP launched as a wearable device company Its business model evolved from selling a device to providing software as a service (SaaS) Industry competitors included large digital organizations like Apple and Google, sportswear companies such as Under Armour and Nike, and global wearable device startups like Oura, a health technology firm in Finland In early 2020, as a response to the Covid-19 pandemic, WHOOP launched research initiatives to track user wellbeing in the social-distancing conditions imposed worldwide The company responded to disruptions to its supply chain, developed and evaluated algorithms to detect Covid-19 infection, and created partnerships with research organizations Going forward, WHOOP proposed to define a strategic response to business disruptions and the new digital platform competitors	WHOOP, Inc.: Digital Entrepreneurship During the Covid-19 Pandemic	{{ORGANIZATION}}: Digital Entrepreneurship During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	PURPOSE To present our experience in patients with chronic idiopathic constipation complicated by megarectosigmoid and fecal incontinence who underwent a primary sigmoidectomy and appendicostomy. METHODS We reviewed eight patients referred to the Colorectal Center from 2014 to 2016 with chronic idiopathic constipation and undergoing a sigmoidectomy and appendicostomy. We analyzed the previous medical treatment, indications for the surgical procedure, and outcomes. RESULTS Age at operation was 5-19 years. Time with constipation was 4-15 years. All patients received multiple laxatives, mainly polyethylene glycol, and all had severe social problems. Four patients have autism. The indication for surgery was an unsuccessful laxative trial, refusal to continue with rectal enemas or both, and social fear of continued fecal incontinence. Post-operatively, all patients were having daily bowel movements without fecal accidents. CONCLUSION Selected patients with chronic idiopathic constipation complicated by megarectosigmoid and fecal incontinence can obtain great benefit from primary sigmoidectomy and appendicostomy.	Primary sigmoidectomy and appendicostomy for chronic idiopathic constipation.	Primary sigmoidectomy and appendicostomy for chronic idiopathic constipation.
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	The current COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly changed our behaviors and health, especially vulnerable community-dwelling older adults. This symposium includes three presentations that evaluated the pandemic’s impacts on mental health, social engagement and physical activity in healthy community-living older adults and those with dementia. Dr. Wenjun Li and his team examined the pandemic impact on mental health and social engagement among relatively healthy older adults residing in suburban and rural neighborhoods in Central Massachusetts, USA. The study reported significant variations in pandemic impacts by sex, age, race, income, living arrangement, and neighborhood housing density, suggesting the pandemic has had disproportionally negative impacts on socially and economically disadvantaged vulnerable older adults. Dr. W. Quin Yow and her team evaluated the impacts of government mandated social distancing and lockdowns on older adults with dementia and their caregivers in Singapore. The study found significant increases in irritability, aggression and hallucinations among older adults with dementia, and possible deterioration of health conditions and heightened moderate level of stress. The results suggest that social distancing may have resulted in negative outcomes in this vulnerable population with dementia and their caregivers. Dr. Ladda Thiamwong reported her team’s efforts on forming an international aging research collaborative to mitigate heath consequences of COVID-19 crisis from the international perspective. The team consists of ten scholars from five countries, including Hong Kong, Nepal, Singapore, Thailand, and the United States. They collect data using combinations of online and face-to-face surveys. Their important findings will be discussed in detail in this symposium.	Changes In Mental Health, Social Engagement, and Physical Activities During the COVID-19 Pandemic	{{ORGANIZATION}}, {{ORGANIZATION}}, and Physical Activities During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	To the Editor COVID-19 (COrona VIrus Disease) patients with cardiovascular (CV) disease, multiple CV risk factors or comorbidities (i.e., arterial hypertension and diabetes) were shown to be more prone to a worse prognosis. SARS-CoV-2 is a still unknown enemy and the role of concomitant cardiovascular therapies has been controversial in the early stages, particularly with regard to Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme inhibitors...	Lipid-lowering therapy in high cardiovascular risk patients during COVID-19 pandemic: keep focused on the target.	Lipid-lowering therapy in high cardiovascular risk patients during COVID-19 pandemic: keep focused on the target.
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	In addition to molecular testing, there is evolving interest for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies serologic assays. Majority of them focus on IgM/IgG despite IgA important role in mucosal immunity. A simultaneous anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA/IgG/IgM immunoassay, performed on an automated instrument by ELISA kit coated with native inactivated SARS-CoV-2, was detected on two control groups (negative swab healthcare workers; pre-pandemic healthy or with other viral infections individuals) and on two COVID-19 patient groups (early and late infection). Specificities were 100% in all groups, indicating no cross-reactivity with other infectious or pre-pandemic sera. Sensitivities were 94% in early infection group and 97% in total positive patient group, reaching 100% in late infection group. To our knowledge, this is the first technique based on native SARS-CoV-2. It is able to identify more positive samples than kits using recombinant antigens, therefore virus native epitopes as well as simultaneous anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA/IgM/IgG detection could help to contain COVID-19 spreading.	Evaluation of a new simultaneous anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA, IgM and IgG screening automated assay based on native inactivated virus	Evaluation of a new simultaneous anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA, {{ORGANIZATION}} and {{ORGANIZATION}} screening automated assay based on native inactivated virus
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	COVID-19 pandemic has brought the whole world to a stand-still over the last few months. In particular the pace at which pandemic has spread has taken everybody off-guard. The Governments across the world have responded by imposing lock-downs, stopping/restricting travel and mandating social distancing. On the positive side there is wide availability of information on active cases, recoveries and deaths collected daily across regions. However, what has been particularly challenging is to track the spread of the disease by asymptomatic carriers termed as super-spreaders. In this paper we look at applying Hidden Markov Model to get a better assessment of extent of spread. The outcome of such analysis can be useful to Governments to design the required interventions/responses in a calibrated manner. The data we have chosen to analyze pertains to Indian scenario.	Surveillance of COVID-19 Pandemic using Hidden Markov Model	Surveillance of COVID-19 Pandemic using {{NAME}}
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has particularly affected people with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Exacerbation of obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) has been suspected for those with contamination-related OCD (C-OCD). However, the course of OCS over the ongoing pandemic remains unclear. We assessed 268 participants with OCD (n = 184 with C-OCD) in an online survey at the beginning of the pandemic in Germany, reassessing 179 participants (66.8%, 104 C-OCD) three months later. We assessed severity of OCD (OCI-R), depression (PHQ-9), experiential avoidance, as well as functional and dysfunctional beliefs. Overall, OCS and depressive symptoms did not substantially change over time. However, when people with and without C-OCD were compared, symptoms improved in patients without C-OCD (nC-OCD) but remained stable in patients with C-OCD over time. Symptom improvement was associated with male gender, higher initial OCI-R, and nC-OCD. Experiential avoidance and beliefs at the beginning of the pandemic did not generally predict change in OCS. People with OCD, particularly those with nC-OCD, showed tentative signs for signs of adapting, whereas distress in those with C-OCD remained at a high level, underlining the burden for these patients. Clinicians should be informed about how to maintain effective treatment for C-OCD during a pandemic.	When a nightmare comes true: Change in obsessive-compulsive disorder over the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic	When a nightmare comes true: Change in obsessive-compulsive disorder over the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	Americans are pervasively exposed to social media, news, and online content. Some of this content is designed to be deliberately deceptive and manipulative. However, it is interspersed amongst other content from friends and family, advertising, and legitimate news. Filtering content violates key societal values of freedom of expression and inquiry. Taking no action, though, leaves users at the mercy of individuals and groups who seek to use both single articles and complex patterns of content to manipulate how Americans consume, act, work, and even think. Warning labels, which do not block content but instead aid the user in making informed consumption decisions, have been proposed as a potential solution to this dilemma. Ideally, they would respect the autonomy of users to determine what media they consume while combating intentional deception and manipulation through its identification to the user. This paper considers the perception of Americans regarding the use of warning labels to alert users to potentially deceptive content. It presents the results of a population representative national study and analysis of perceptions in terms of key demographics.	Americans’ Perspectives on Online Media Warning Labels	Americans’ Perspectives on Online Media Warning Labels
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	In 2019, approximately 51 million U.S. adults aged ≥18 years reported any mental illness,* and 7.7% reported a past-year substance use disorder† (1). Although reported prevalence estimates of certain mental disorders, substance use, or substance use disorders are not generally higher among racial and ethnic minority groups, persons in these groups are often less likely to receive treatment services (1). Persistent systemic social inequities and discrimination related to living conditions and work environments, which contribute to disparities in underlying medical conditions, can further compound health problems faced by members of racial and ethnic minority groups during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and worsen stress and associated mental health concerns (2,3). In April and May 2020, opt-in Internet panel surveys of English-speaking U.S. adults aged ≥18 years were conducted to assess the prevalence of self-reported mental health conditions and initiation of or increases in substance use to cope with stress, psychosocial stressors, and social determinants of health. Combined prevalence estimates of current depression, initiating or increasing substance use, and suicidal thoughts/ideation were 28.6%, 18.2%, and 8.4%, respectively. Hispanic/Latino (Hispanic) adults reported a higher prevalence of psychosocial stress related to not having enough food or stable housing than did adults in other racial and ethnic groups. These estimates highlight the importance of population-level and tailored interventions for mental health promotion and mental illness prevention, substance use prevention, screening and treatment services, and increased provision of resources to address social determinants of health. How Right Now (Qué Hacer Ahora) is an evidence-based and culturally appropriate communications campaign designed to promote and strengthen the emotional well-being and resiliency of populations adversely affected by COVID-19-related stress, grief, and loss (4).	Racial and Ethnic Disparities in the Prevalence of Stress and Worry, Mental Health Conditions, and Increased Substance Use Among Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic — United States, April and May 2020	Racial and Ethnic Disparities in the Prevalence of Stress and Worry, Mental Health Conditions, and Increased Substance Use Among Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic — United States, April and May 2020
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	The development of minimally invasive and easy-to-use sensor devices is of current interest for ultrasensitive detection and signal recognition of Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers. Over the years, tremendous effort has been made on diagnostic platforms specifically targeting neurological markers for AD in order to replace the conventional, laborious, and invasive sampling-based approaches. However, the sophistication of analytical outcomes, marker inaccessibility, and material validity strongly limit the current strategies towards effectively predicting AD. Recently, with the promising progress in biosensor technology, the realization of a clinically applicable sensing platform has become a potential option to enable early diagnosis of AD and other neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, various types of biosensors, which include electrochemical, fluorescent, plasmonic, photoelectrochemical, and field-effect transistor (FET)-based sensor configurations, with better clinical applicability and analytical performance towards AD are highlighted. Moreover, the feasibility of these sensors to achieve point-of-care (POC) diagnosis is also discussed. Furthermore, by grafting nanoscale materials into biosensor architecture, the remarkable enhancement in durability, functionality, and analytical outcome of sensor devices is presented. Finally, future perspectives on further translational and commercialization pathways of clinically driven biosensor devices for AD are discussed and summarized.	Clinically oriented Alzheimer's biosensors: expanding the horizons towards point-of-care diagnostics and beyond	Clinically oriented Alzheimer's biosensors: expanding the horizons towards point-of-care diagnostics and beyond
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	National governments took action to delay the transmission of the coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) by implementing different containment measures. We developed an online survey that included 44 different containment measures. We aimed to assess how effective citizens perceive these measures, which measures are perceived as violation of citizens’ personal freedoms, which opinions and demographic factors have an effect on compliance with the measures, and what governments can do to most effectively improve citizens’ compliance. The survey was disseminated in 11 countries: UK, Belgium, Netherlands, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Finland, India, Latvia, Poland, Romania, and Sweden. We acquired 9543 unique responses. Our findings show significant differences across countries in perceived effectiveness, restrictiveness, and compliance. Governments that suffer low levels of trust should put more effort into persuading citizens, especially men, in the effectiveness of the proposed measures. They should provide financial compensation to citizens who have lost their job or income due to the containment measures to improve measure compliance. Policymakers should implement the least restrictive and most effective public health measures first during pandemic emergencies instead of implementing a combination of many restrictive measures, which has the opposite effect on citizens’ adherence and undermines human rights.	Perceived Effectiveness, Restrictiveness, and Compliance with Containment Measures against the Covid-19 Pandemic: An International Comparative Study in 11 Countries	{{ORGANIZATION}}, {{ORGANIZATION}}, and Compliance with Containment Measures against the Covid-19 Pandemic: An International Comparative Study in 11 {{ORGANIZATION}}
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	OBJECTIVES: To understand the rationale, implementation and early impact of vertical integration between primary care medical practices and the organisations running acute hospitals in the National Health Service in England and Wales. DESIGN AND SETTING: A qualitative, cross-comparative case study evaluation at two sites in England and one in Wales, consisting of interviews with stakeholders at the sites, alongside observations of strategic meetings and analysis of key documents. RESULTS: We interviewed 52 stakeholders across the three sites in the second half of 2019 and observed four meetings from late 2019 to early 2020 (further observation was prevented by the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic). The single most important driver of vertical integration was found to be to maintain primary care local to where patients live and thereby manage demand pressure on acute hospital services, especially emergency care. The opportunities created by maintaining local primary care providers—to develop patient services in primary care settings and better integrate them with secondary care—were exploited to differing degrees across the sites. There were notable differences between sites in operational and management arrangements, and in organisational and clinical integration. Closer organisational integration was attributed to previous good relationships between primary and secondary care locally, and to historical planning and preparation towards integrated working across the local health economy. The net impact of vertical integration on health system costs is argued by local stakeholders to be beneficial. CONCLUSIONS: Vertical integration is a valuable option when primary care practices are at risk of closing, and may be a route to better integration of patient care. But it is not the only route and vertical integration is not attractive to all primary care physicians. A future evaluation of vertical integration is intended; of patients’ experience and of the impact on secondary care service utilisation.	Vertical integration of primary care practices with acute hospitals in England and Wales: why, how and so what? Findings from a qualitative, rapid evaluation	Vertical integration of primary care practices with acute hospitals in England and Wales: why, how and so what? Findings from a qualitative, rapid evaluation
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	The chapter summarizes the key ideas and issues described in previous chapters. The chapter offers a description of the kind of future we can envisage in the world healthcare industry, based on China’s growing role. Challenges and issues to be solved by China are considered. Key aspects discussed include: accessibility of services and imbalances/disparities affecting the Chinese healthcare system; pollution; innovation; the trade war with the US. Considerations are also inspired by the recent coronavirus diffusion, which has highlighted pitfalls and strengths of the Chinese healthcare system.	Challenges for the Future and the Role of Industrial Policy	Challenges for the Future and the Role of Industrial Policy
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	The IL-17 pathway is a potential therapeutic target shown to be implicated in hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), however, it remains unclear whether evidence from mechanistic studies may translate into clinical practice. This systematic review summarizes available treatment outcomes of IL-17 inhibitors in patients with HS. Embase, MEDLINE, PubMed, and clinicaltrials.gov were comprehensively searched on February 26, 2021 to include 16 original studies representing 128 patients with HS (mean age: 36.5 years; age range: 21-47 years; male: 50.0%). Treatment outcomes were reported for the following biologics: secukinumab (n = 105), brodalumab (n = 22), and ixekizumab (n = 1). Patients were classified as responders or non-responders according to achievement of a positive response/improvement based on criteria established for each included study. For secukinumab 57.1% (n = 60/105) of patients were responders in a mean response period of 16.2 weeks and 42.9% (n = 45/105) were non-responders; for brodalumab, 100.0% (n = 22/22) of patients were responders within 4.4 weeks; and the one patient treated with ixekizumab was a responder within 10 weeks. In conclusion, IL-17 inhibitors may serve as an effective therapeutic target in approximately two-thirds of patients with HS and can be considered in those who are refractory to other treatment modalities. We also stress the importance of consistent outcome measures to enhance evidence synthesis, decrease reporting bias, provide potential for future meta-analysis, and ultimately improve clinical outcomes for patients with HS.	Treatment Outcomes of IL-17 Inhibitors in Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A Systematic Review.	Treatment Outcomes of IL-17 Inhibitors in Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A {{ORGANIZATION}}.
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	Biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch (BPD/DS) is considered the most effective surgical option for morbidly obese patients. Several techniques have been described: open, laparoscopic, and the combination of open and laparoscopic. Only a few centers in the world perform robotically-assisted laparoscopic BPD/DS and the published literature is limited. We describe our experience using this technique as a safe alternative for treatment of morbid obesity. A review of a prospectively maintained database from 2008 to 2011 was conducted. A total of 107 consecutive patients (F:M = 83:24) were included in this series. Average age was 44.76 years (range 20-67), body mass index 49.97 kg/m(2) (range 37-70), and the number of preoperative comorbidities was 6.24 (range 3-11). The mean operative time for a typical BPD/DS with or without an appendectomy was 264 min (range 192-413), which increased to 298 min (range 210-463) when lysis of adhesion or additional procedures were performed. All study cases were completed using a minimally invasive approach. There were no intraoperative or 30-day major postoperative complications. Two patients returned to the operating room: one for endoscopic release of an inadvertently-sutured nasogastric tube during creation of the duodeno-ileal anastomosis and another patient for a port-site infection. Minor postoperative complications included carpal tunnel syndrome exacerbation (n = 1), which did not require surgical intervention. The median length of stay was 3.0 days (range 2-13). Two patients were readmitted within 30 day due to fluid retention and incarcerated umbilical hernia. The percentages of excess body weight loss (EBWL) at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 18 months were 18.9, 36.4, 54.5, 67.4, 73.9, and 82.42 %, respectively. No mortality occurred in this study. Robotically-assisted laparoscopic technique for BPD/DS is a feasible, safe, and effective alternative for weight loss surgery with excellent outcomes.	Robotically-assisted laparoscopic biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch: the utility of the robotic system in bariatric surgery.	Robotically-assisted laparoscopic biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch: the utility of the robotic system in bariatric surgery.
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	It has been hypothesised that antiallergic medications (AAMs) like montelukast and levocetirizine both the two bitter chloro compounds could be repurposed either alone or combinedly as an antiviral against SARS-CoV-2, like chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine (CQ/HCQ), anorher two bitter chloro compounds. Both AAMs and CQ/HCQ are bitter tasted chloro compounds. Depending on their these two similar physical properties and the safety and efficacy of AAMs by controlling over post viral episodes as comparing with viral inhibitory activities including SARS-CoV-2 by CQ/HCQ, a reposition of AAMs either alone/combinedly could be rationalised as an antiviral approach to nCoV.	Reposition of Montelukast either alone or in combination with Levocetirizine against SARS-CoV-2	Reposition of Montelukast either alone or in combination with {{ORGANIZATION}} against SARS-CoV-2
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	IMPORTANCE: Self-harm is a risk factor for suicide in adolescents, with the prevalence highest in young people in group and residential care programs. Although no established risk factors for self-harm exist, adolescents who self-harm may have decreased pain sensitivity, but this has not been systematically investigated. OBJECTIVE: To assess somatosensory function using quantitative sensory testing (QST) in children and adolescents living in care grouped by the number of episodes of self-harm in the past year and compare their somatosensory profiles with community control participants to investigate associations with the incidence or frequency of self-harm. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Recruitment for this cross-sectional study began January 2019 and ended March 2020. Exclusion criteria included intellectual disability (intelligence quotient <70), autism spectrum disorder, or recent serious injury. Children and adolescents aged 12 to 17 years with no underlying health conditions were recruited from local authority residential care settings in Glasgow, UK, and schools and youth groups in London and Glasgow, UK. The volunteer sample of 64 participants included adolescents ages 13 to 17 years (34 [53%] females; 50 [78%] living in residential care; mean [SD] age, 16.34 [1.01] years) with varying incidents of self-harm in the past year (no episodes, 31 [48%]; 1-4 episodes, 12 [19%]; and ≥5 episodes, 2 [33%]). EXPOSURES: Participants were tested using a standardized QST protocol to establish baseline somatosensory function. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Associations between somatosensory sensitivity, incidence and frequency of self-harm, residential status, age, gender, and prescription medication were calculated. Secondary outcomes assessed whether self-harm was associated with specific types of tests (ie, painful or nonpainful). RESULTS: A total of 64 participants ages 13 to 17 years completed testing (mean [SD] age, 16.3 [1.0] years; 34 [53%.] females and 30 [47%] males; 50 [78%] living in group homes). Adolescents with 5 or more self-harm incidences showed significant pain hyposensitivity compared with community control participants after adjusting for age, gender, and prescription drug use (SH group with 5 or more episodes vs control: −1.03 [95% CI, −1.47 to −0.60]; P < .001). Hyposensitivity also extended to nonpainful stimuli, similarly adjusted (SH group with 5 or more episodes vs control: −1.73; 95% CI, −2.62 to −0.84; P < .001). Pressure pain threshold accounted for most of the observed variance (31.1% [95% CI, 10.5% to 44.7%]; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The findings of this study suggest that sensory hyposensitivity is a phenotype of Adolescents who self-harm and that pressure pain threshold has clinical potential as a quick, inexpensive, and easily interpreted test to identify adolescents at increased risk of repeated self-harm.	Assessment of Somatosensory Function and Self-harm in Adolescents	Assessment of Somatosensory Function and Self-harm in {{ORGANIZATION}}
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	BACKGROUND: Lombardy was the epicenter in Italy of the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic. To face the contagion growth, from March 8 to May 8 2020, a regional law re-designed the hub-and-spoke system for time-dependent diseases to better allocate resources for COVID-19 patients. METHODS: We report the reorganization of the major hospital in Lombardy during COVID-19 pandemic, including the rearrangement of its ICU beds to face COVID-19 pandemic and fulfill its role as extended hub for time-dependent diseases while preserving transplant activity. To highlight the impact of the emergently planned hub-and-spoke system, all patients admitted to a COVID-19-free ICU hub for trauma, neurosurgical emergencies and stroke during the two-month period were retrospectively collected and compared to 2019 cohort. Regional data on organ procurement was retrieved. Observed-to-expected (OE) in-ICU mortality ratios were computed to test the impact of the pandemic on patients affected by time-dependent diseases. RESULTS: Dynamic changes in ICU resource allocation occurred according to local COVID-19 epidemiology/trends of patients referred for time-dependent diseases. The absolute increase of admissions for trauma, neurosurgical emergencies and stroke was roughly two-fold. Patients referred to the hub were older and characterized by more severe conditions. An increase in crude mortality was observed, though OE ratios for in-ICU mortality were not statistically different when comparing 2020 vs. 2019. An increase in local organ procurement was observed, limiting the debacle of regional transplant activity. CONCLUSIONS: We described the effects of a regional emergently planned hub-and-spoke system for time-dependent diseases settled in the epicenter of COVID-19 pandemic in Italy.	Emergently planned exclusive hub-and-spoke system in the epicenter of the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic in Italy: the experience of the largest COVID-19-free ICU hub for time-dependent diseases	Emergently planned exclusive hub-and-spoke system in the epicenter of the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic in Italy: the experience of the largest COVID-19-free {{ORGANIZATION}} hub for time-dependent diseases
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	Unknown	The geographic spread of infectious diseases Lisa Sattenspiel	The geographic spread of infectious diseases {{NAME}}
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	BACKGROUND: Awake fiberoptic endoscope intubation (AFOI) is the primary strategy for managing anticipated difficult airways. Adequate sedation, most commonly being achieved with remifentanil and dexmedetomidine, is integral to this procedure. This meta-analysis aimed to compare the safety and efficacy of these 2 sedatives. METHODS: We conducted electronic searches in Embase, Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, Medline, Springer, and Web of Science with no language restrictions. Studies comparing safety and efficacy between the sole use of remifentanil and dexmedetomidine among patients who underwent AFOI were included. Eight randomized controlled trials, comprising 412 patients, met the inclusion criteria. The primary outcomes were first attempt intubation success rate and incidence of hypoxia. The secondary outcomes were the Ramsay Sedation Scale score at intubation, memory recall of endoscopy, and unstable hemodynamic parameters during intubation. RESULTS: Dexmedetomidine significantly reduced the incidence of hypoxemia during AFOI (risk ratio: 2.47; 95% confidence [CI]: 1.32–4.64]) compared with remifentanil; however, the first intubation success rates were equivalent (risk ratio: 1.12; 95% CI: 0.87–1.46]. No significant differences between the 2 sedatives were found for the Ramsay Sedation Scale score at intubation (mean difference: −0.14; 95% CI: −0.66–0.38) or unstable hemodynamic parameters during intubation (risk ratio: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.59–1.17). Dexmedetomidine reduced memory recall of endoscopy (risk ratio: 1.39; 95% CI: 1.13–1.72). CONCLUSIONS: While both remifentanil and dexmedetomidine are effective for AFOI and well-tolerated, dexmedetomidine may be more effective in reducing the incidence of hypoxemia and memory recall of endoscopy. PROSPERP REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42020169612.	A systematic review and meta-analysis of the safety and efficacy of remifentanil and dexmedetomidine for awake fiberoptic endoscope intubation	A systematic review and meta-analysis of the safety and efficacy of remifentanil and dexmedetomidine for awake fiberoptic endoscope intubation
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	This second article in a series on communicable disease outbreaks focuses on case definitions, testing and early phases of a public health response.	Communicable disease outbreaks: What is a case?	Communicable disease outbreaks: What is a case?
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	Importance: The COVID-19 pandemic has brought forth new challenges for health care workers, such as the daily use of personal protective equipment, including reusable facial respirators. Poor communication while wearing respirators may have fatal complications for patients, and no solution has been proposed to date. Objective: To examine whether use of an in-ear communication device is associated with improved communication while wearing different personal protective equipment (N95 mask, half-face elastomeric respirator, and powered air-purifying respirator [PAPR]) in the operating room. Design, Setting, and Participants: This quality improvement study was conducted in June 2020. Surgical residents from the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery at McGill University in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, were recruited. All participants had normal hearing, were fluent in English, and had access to the operating rooms at the Royal Victoria Hospital. Exposures: All participants performed the speech intelligibility tasks with and without an in-ear communication device. Main Outcomes and Measures: Speech intelligibility was measured using a word recognition task (Modified Rhyme Test) and a sentence recognition task (AzBio Sentence Test). A percentage correct score (0% to 100%) was obtained for each speech intelligibility test. Listening effort was assessed using the NASA Task Load Index. An overall workload score, ranging from 0 points (low workload) to 100 points (high workload), was obtained. Results: A total of 12 participants were included (mean [SD] age, 31.2 [1.9] years; 8 women [66.7%]). AzBio Sentence Test results revealed that, while wearing the N95 mask, the mean (SD) speech intelligibility was 98.8% (1.8%) without the in-ear device vs 94.3% (7.4%) with the device. While wearing the half-face elastomeric respirator, the mean speech intelligibility was 58.5% (12.4%) without the in-ear device vs 90.8% (8.9%) with the device. While wearing the PAPR, the mean speech intelligibility was 84.6% (9.8%) without the in-ear device vs 94.5% (5.5%) with the device. Use of the in-ear device was associated with a significant improvement in speech intelligibility while wearing the half-face elastomeric respirator (32.3%; 95% CI, 23.8%-40.7%; P < .001) and the PAPR (9.9%; 95% CI, 1.4%-18.3%; P = .01). Furthermore, use of the device was associated with decreased listening effort. The NASA Task Load Index results reveal that, while wearing the N95 mask, the mean (SD) overall workload score was 12.6 (10.6) points without the in-ear device vs 17.6 (9.2) points with the device. While wearing the half-face elastomeric respirator, the mean overall workload score was 67.7 (21.6) points without the in-ear device vs 29.3 (14.4) points with the in-ear device. While wearing the PAPR, the mean overall workload score was 42.2 (18.2) points without the in-ear device vs 23.8 (12.8) points with the in-ear device. Use of the in-ear device was associated with a significant decrease in overall workload score while wearing the half-face elastomeric respirator (38.4; 95% CI, 23.5-53.3; P < .001) and the PAPR (18.4; 95% CI, 0.4-36.4; P = .04). Conclusions and Relevance: This study found that among participants using facial respirators that impaired communication, a novel in-ear device was associated with improved communication and decreased listening effort. Such a device may be a feasible solution for protecting health care workers in the operating room while allowing them to communicate safely, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.	Association of In-Ear Device Use With Communication Quality Among Individuals Wearing Personal Protective Equipment in a Simulated Operating Room	Association of In-Ear Device Use With Communication Quality Among Individuals Wearing Personal Protective Equipment in a Simulated Operating Room
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	Abstract The propagations of diseases, behaviors and information in real systems are rarely independent of each other, but they are coevolving with strong interactions. To uncover the dynamical mechanisms, the evolving spatiotemporal patterns and critical phenomena of networked coevolution spreading are extremely important, which provide theoretical foundations for us to control epidemic spreading, predict collective behaviors in social systems, and so on. The coevolution spreading dynamics in complex networks has thus attracted much attention in many disciplines. In this review, we introduce recent progress in the study of coevolution spreading dynamics, emphasizing the contributions from the perspectives of statistical mechanics and network science. The theoretical methods, critical phenomena, phase transitions, interacting mechanisms, and effects of network topology for four representative types of coevolution spreading mechanisms, including the coevolution of biological contagions, social contagions, epidemic–awareness, and epidemic–resources, are presented in detail, and the challenges in this field as well as open issues for future studies are also discussed.	Coevolution spreading in complex networks	Coevolution spreading in complex networks
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	During the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been wide heterogeneity in the medical management of transplant recipients. We aimed to pragmatically capture immunosuppression practices globally following the early months of the pandemic. From June to September 2020, we surveyed 1267 physicians; 40.5% from 71 countries participated. Management decisions were made on a case-by-case basis by the majority (69.6%) of the programs. Overall, 76.8% performed ≥1 transplantation and many commented on avoiding high-risk transplantations. For induction, 26.5% were less likely to give T-cell depletion and 14.8% were more likely to give non-depleting agents. These practices varied by program-level factors more so than the COVID-19 burden. In patients with mild, moderate and severe COVID-19 symptoms 59.7%, 76.0%, and 79.5% decreased/stopped anti-metabolites, 23.2%, 45.4%, and 68.2% decreased/stopped calcineurin inhibitors, and 25.7%, 43.9%, and 57.7% decreased/stopped mTOR inhibitors, respectively. Also, 2.1%, 30.6%, and 46.0% increased steroids in patients with mild, moderate, and severe COVID-19 symptoms. For prevalent transplant recipients, some programs also reported decreasing/stopping steroids (1.8%), anti-metabolites (10.3%), calcineurin inhibitors (4.1%), and mTOR inhibitors (5.5%). Transplant programs changed immunosuppression practices but also avoided high-risk transplants and increased maintenance steroids. The long-term ramifications of these practices remain to be seen as programs face the aftermath of the pandemic.	Immunosuppression practices during the COVID-19 pandemic: A multinational survey study of transplant programs	Immunosuppression practices during the COVID-19 pandemic: A multinational survey study of transplant programs
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	BACKGROUND: Simultaneous viral infections exhibit the phenomenon of viral interference, but understanding of the effect of one virus on another is limited. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate and compare clinical characteristics, immune and acute phase response, viral shedding and viral load in pigs singly and doubly inoculated with swine influenza A virus (swIAV) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). ANIMALS: Fifty‐four 7‐week‐old piglets. METHODS: Clinical status and gross lung lesions were scored. Titration of swIAV was carried out in Madin‐Darby canine kidney cells. The PRRSV RNA was quantified using a commercial qPCR kit. Antibodies were detected by hemagglutination inhibition assay and commercial ELISA. A lymphocyte proliferation assay was used to measure antigen‐specific T‐cell responses. Acute phase proteins were determined using ELISA. RESULTS: No differences were found between mean clinical scores, swIAV and PRRSV shedding, and magnitude of the humoral and T‐cell response between single‐inoculated and dual‐inoculated groups. Concentrations of C‐reactive protein and haptoglobin increased in PRRSV‐inoculated and coinoculated groups, whereas serum amyloid A concentration was increased in groups inoculated or coinoculated with swIAV. Mean swIAV TCID(50) titers in the lungs did not differ significantly between coinoculated and swIAV single‐inoculated pigs. A significantly higher mean copy number of PRRSV was found in the lungs of PRRSV only‐inoculated pigs at 2 day postinoculation (DPI). From 4 DPI, no significant differences in PRRSV load were identified. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Coinfection of pigs with swIAV and PRRSV did not potentiate clinical signs, lung lesions, immune response, and replication of the viruses in the respiratory tract.	Kinetics of single and dual simultaneous infection of pigs with swine influenza A virus and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus	Kinetics of single and dual simultaneous infection of pigs with swine influenza A virus and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	OBJECTIVES: We systematically reviewed the current literature evaluating the ability of fully-automated deep learning (DL) and semi-automated traditional machine learning (TML) MRI-based artificial intelligence (AI) methods to differentiate clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) from indolent PCa (iPCa) and benign conditions. METHODS: We performed a computerised bibliographic search of studies indexed in MEDLINE/PubMed, arXiv, medRxiv, and bioRxiv between 1 January 2016 and 31 July 2021. Two reviewers performed the title/abstract and full-text screening. The remaining papers were screened by four reviewers using the Checklist for Artificial Intelligence in Medical Imaging (CLAIM) for DL studies and Radiomics Quality Score (RQS) for TML studies. Papers that fulfilled the pre-defined screening requirements underwent full CLAIM/RQS evaluation alongside the risk of bias assessment using QUADAS-2, both conducted by the same four reviewers. Standard measures of discrimination were extracted for the developed predictive models. RESULTS: 17/28 papers (five DL and twelve TML) passed the quality screening and were subject to a full CLAIM/RQS/QUADAS-2 assessment, which revealed a substantial study heterogeneity that precluded us from performing quantitative analysis as part of this review. The mean RQS of TML papers was 11/36, and a total of five papers had a high risk of bias. AUCs of DL and TML papers with low risk of bias ranged between 0.80–0.89 and 0.75–0.88, respectively. CONCLUSION: We observed comparable performance of the two classes of AI methods and identified a number of common methodological limitations and biases that future studies will need to address to ensure the generalisability of the developed models. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13244-022-01199-3.	Comparative performance of fully-automated and semi-automated artificial intelligence methods for the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer on MRI: a systematic review	Comparative performance of fully-automated and semi-automated artificial intelligence methods for the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer on MRI: a systematic review
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	Background and Objectives. Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, concerns have been raised regarding the risk of infection to both healthcare staff and patients during gastrointestinal endoscopy procedures. Given the im-portance of performing routine endoscopic procedures to an individual’s future health, we sought to estimate the risk of COVID-19 infection for healthcare staff and patients undergoing endoscopic studies at an ambulatory endoscopy center during the pandemic. Material and Methods. This is a prospective(and) analytical cohort study conducted in an ambulatory gastroenterology center located in the Au-tonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Patients undergoing different endoscopic procedures were evaluated for COVID-19 between April 14 and August 31, 2020. COVID-19 was also evaluated in all healthcare and associated staff during the same time period. The risk (cumu-lative incidence) of acquiring COVID-19 in all patients and staff was calculated. Results. Between April 14 and August 31, 2020, procedures were performed in 3,745 patients with a mean age of 51.12 years;2,102 (56.18%) were male and 1,643 (43.82%) were female. Follow-up was completed in 3,492 patients, 18 of whom tested positive for COVID-19 standing for an incidence of 0.52% (95%CI 0.31 – 0.81%). Six (5.45%) out of 110 staff members were infected with COVID-19 (1 endoscopist, 4 endoscopy assistants and 1 administrative staff member). In this group, the incidence of positive tests for COVID-19 was 5.45% (95%CI: 2.03 – 11.50%). The increased rates of positive cases among our patients and healthcare professionals were respectively 7.9 and 23.6 times lower than in general pop-ulation. Conclusion. During the study period, the propor-tion of COVID-19 infections in our ambulatory specialized in gastrointestinal endoscopy was low and much lower than that in the general population for both patients and health-care professionals. Endoscopic procedures undertaken at this center were low risk, likely due to strict compliance with es-tablished pandemic protocols. Future studies should compare the risk of infection in the hospital setting.	Low risk of COVID-19 infection in an ambulatory gastrointestinal endoscopy center in Argentina	Low risk of COVID-19 infection in an ambulatory gastrointestinal endoscopy center in Argentina
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	Hybrid models to detect dementia based on Machine Learning can provide accurate diagnoses in individuals with neurological disorders and cognitive complications caused by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection. This study proposes a hybrid approach, using Machine Learning algorithms associated with the multicriteria method of Verbal Decision Analysis (VDA). Dementia, which affects many HIV-infected individuals, refers to neurodevelopmental and mental disorders. Some manuals standardize the information used in the correct detection of neurological disorders with cognitive complications. Among the most common manuals used are the DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition) of the American Psychiatric Association and the International Classification of Diseases, 10th edition (ICD-10)—both published by World Health Organization (WHO). The model is designed to explore the predictive of specific data. Furthermore, a well-defined database data set improves and optimizes the diagnostic models sought in the research.	An Intelligent Multicriteria Model for Diagnosing Dementia in People Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus	An Intelligent Multicriteria Model for Diagnosing Dementia in People Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	PURPOSE: In Dec 2019, COVID-19 was first recognized and led to a worldwide pandemic. The German government implemented a shutdown in Mar 2020, affecting outpatient and hospital care. The aim of the present article was to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 shutdown on patient volumes and surgical procedures of a Level I trauma center in Germany. METHODS: All emergency patients were recorded retrospectively during the shutdown and compared to a calendar-matched control period (CTRL). Total emergency patient contacts including trauma mechanisms, injury patterns and operation numbers were recorded including absolute numbers, incidence proportions and risk ratios. RESULTS: During the shutdown period, we observed a decrease of emergency patient cases (417) compared to CTRL (575), a decrease of elective cases (42 vs. 13) and of the total number of operations (397 vs. 325). Incidence proportions of emergency operations increased from 8.2 to 12.2% (shutdown) and elective surgical cases decreased (11.1 vs. 4.3%). As we observed a decrease for most trauma mechanisms and injury patterns, we found an increasing incidence proportion for severe open fractures. Household-related injuries were reported with an increasing incidence proportion from 26.8 to 47.5% (shutdown). We found an increasing tendency of trauma and injuries related to psychological disorders. CONCLUSION: This analysis shows a decrease of total patient numbers in an emergency department of a Level I trauma center and a decrease of the total number of operations during the shutdown period. Concurrently, we observed an increase of severe open fractures and emergency operations. Furthermore, trauma mechanism changed with less traffic, work and sports-related accidents.	Impact of the first COVID-19 shutdown on patient volumes and surgical procedures of a Level I trauma center	Impact of the first COVID-19 shutdown on patient volumes and surgical procedures of a Level I trauma center
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	IntroductionIn Japan, as of December 31, 2021, more than 1.73 million laboratory-confirmed cases have been reported. However, the actual number of infections is likely to be under-ascertained due to the epidemiological characteristics such as mild and subclinical infections and limited testing availability in the early days of the pandemic. In this study, we infer the true number of infections in Japan between January 16, 2020, and December 31, 2021, using a statistical modelling framework that combines data on reported cases and fatalities. MethodsWe used reported daily COVID-19 deaths stratified into 8 distinct age-groups and age-specific infection fatality ratios (IFR) to impute the true number of infections. Estimates of IFR were informed from published studies as well seroprevalence studies conducted in Japan. To account for the uncertainty in IFR estimates, we sampled values from relevant distributions. ResultsWe estimated that as of December 31, 2021, 2.90 million (CrI: 1.77 to 4.27 million) people had been infected in Japan, which is 1.68 times higher than the 1.73 million reported cases. Our meta-analysis confirmed that these findings were consistent with the intermittent seroprevalence studies conducted in Japan. ConclusionsWe have estimated that a substantial number of COVID-19 infections in the country were unreported, particularly in adults. Our approach provides a more realistic assessment of the true underlying burden of COVID-19. The results of this study can be used as fundamental components to strengthen population health control and surveillance measures.	Inferring the true number of SARS-CoV-2 infections in Japan	Inferring the true number of SARS-CoV-2 infections in Japan
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	BACKGROUND Lowering the strength of alcohol products could lead to less alcohol being bought and drunk. In its prevention White Paper, the UK Government aims to promote a significant increase in the availability of alcohol-free and low-alcohol products by 2025. METHODS Through descriptive analysis and ARIMA modelling of >4 million alcohol purchases from 69 803 British households, we study the potential impact of lower strength alcohol products in reducing household purchases of grams of alcohol over 2015-2019. Households are divided into predominantly beer, wine or spirits purchasers. RESULTS Over 5 years, there were decreases in purchases of grams of alcohol within beer amongst beer-purchasing households and increases in purchases of grams of alcohol within wine and spirits amongst, respectively, wine- and spirits-purchasing households. Almost all the changes were due to beer-purchasing households buying less regular strength beer, and wine and spirits-purchasing households buying, respectively, more regular strength wine and spirits, rather than increases in purchases of no- and low-alcohol products. CONCLUSIONS In general, lower strength alcohol products have not contributed to British households buying fewer grams of alcohol over the 5-year follow-up period during 2015-2019.	The impact of lower strength alcohol products on alcohol purchases: ARIMA analyses based on 4 million purchases by 69 803 households, 2015-2019.	The impact of lower strength alcohol products on alcohol purchases: {{ORGANIZATION}} analyses based on 4 million purchases by 69 803 households, 2015-2019.
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	Objectives To evaluate the efficacy and safety of carotid artery stenting for the treatment of severe carotid artery disease in our department and to investigate the effect of increasing operator experience on perioperative and procedure-related characteristics. Methods From January 2007 to February 2015 200 patients underwent 207 endovascular procedures for carotid artery stenosis. Of all, 113 arteries (56.5%) were symptomatic. Significant changes across time were calculated with the use of Change Point analysis using bootstrap and mean squared error estimates. Results The technical success was 98.6% (204/207 cases). Thirty-day neurological events included stroke in four patients (2%) and transient ischemic attack in two (1%). None of the patients died during the first 30 days. The most significant change of radiation duration occurred after the 33rd patient with a decrease from 25.31 min to 12.31 min, while for the total operative time that change occurred between the 31st and 33rd patient where mean operation time decreased from 88.89 min to 49.22 min. The most significant change of contrast media used occurred at the 40th patient with a decrease from 91.58 ml to 62 ml. During a mean follow-up period of 42 ± 20.02 months none of the patients experienced any cerebrovascular event. There was one case of significant recurrent stenosis, which was successfully treated by endovascular means. Conclusions Endovascular treatment of carotid artery stenosis performed in a single center with the use of a cerebral protection device seems to consist a safe therapeutic choice with acceptable results, within the referenced benchmarks proposed in the latest guidelines. Certain perioperative parameters such as the amount of contrast media used, the fluoroscopy and operation time, seem to decline overtime indicating increasing operator's experience. A number of performed cases above 40 was related to the significant decrease of those parameters and may represent the learning curve of the procedure.	The effect of increasing operator experience on procedure-related characteristics in patients undergoing carotid artery stenting.	The effect of increasing operator experience on procedure-related characteristics in patients undergoing carotid artery stenting.
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	Narrowband-Internet of Things (NB-IoT) displays high-quality connectivity underpinned by fifth-generation (5G) networks to cover a wide array of IoT applications. The devices’ development and integration into different smart systems require permanent control, supervision, and the study of power consumption models to determine the performance of the network topology and allow for the measurement of the efficiency of the network topology’s application. This paper reports on an architecture and open-sourced simulation that was developed to study NB-IoT in Device-to-Device (D2D) mode, which includes the Physical (PHY), network, and application layers, as well as a queuing model, the model for uplink and downlink delays, the throughput, the overall NB-IoT D2D network performance, and the energy consumption based on the Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) protocol. Our results prove that the suggested framework contributes to a reduction in power consumption, a minimization of queuing delays, a decrease in communication cost, a reduction in inter-cluster collisions, and the prevention of attacks from malicious nodes. Consequently, the framework manages the battery’s State of Charge (SOC), improves the battery’s State of Health (SOH), and maximizes the whole network lifetime. The proposed framework, the code of which has been open-sourced, can be effectively used for scientific research and development purposes to evaluate different parameters and improve the planning of NB-IoT networks.	Narrowband-Internet of Things Device-to-Device Simulation: An Open-Sourced Framework	Narrowband-Internet of Things Device-to-Device Simulation: An Open-Sourced Framework
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	To evaluate the effect of physical distancing and school reopening in Brussels between August and November 2020, we monitored changes in the number of reported contacts per SARS-CoV-2 case and associated SARS-CoV-2 transmission. The second COVID-19 pandemic wave in Brussels was the result of increased social contact across all ages following school reopening. Physical distancing measures including closure of bars and restaurants, and limiting close contacts, while primary and secondary schools remained open, reduced social mixing and controlled SARS-CoV-2 transmission.	Reducing contacts to stop SARS-CoV-2 transmission during the second pandemic wave in Brussels, Belgium, August to November 2020	Reducing contacts to stop SARS-CoV-2 transmission during the second pandemic wave in Brussels, Belgium, August to November 2020
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	Background Pharmacists report spending a considerable amount of time dealing with drug shortages. There is no research in Canada identifying and describing the strategies and resources that pharmacists use to minimize disruption and continuity of care for patients. Methods An exploratory qualitative methodology was used. Community pharmacists and technicians in Ontario were interviewed using a semi-structured protocol. Verbatim transcripts were generated and coded by at least 2 independent reviewers using content analysis methods to identify management strategies. Results and Discussion A total of 14 pharmacists and 7 regulated pharmacy technicians participated in this study. The following 5 main strategies for managing drug shortages were identified: (1) using the supplier, (2) generic options, (3) brand options, (4) contacting other pharmacies and (5) switching to a different medication. Conclusion The strategies identified through this research can provide pharmacists with some guidance in approaching the real-world problem of drug shortages. It also highlights opportunities for organizations, government and manufacturers to provide additional support for pharmacists to minimize disruptions for patients and to ensure current ad hoc practices do not further compound shortage issues. Can Pharm J (Ott) 2020;153:xx-xx.	How do community pharmacies in Ontario manage drug shortage problems? Results of an exploratory qualitative study.	How do community pharmacies in Ontario manage drug shortage problems? Results of an exploratory qualitative study.
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	Purpose The COVID-19 pandemic has made humanity contend with the negative footprint of its activities in which social justice, ecological integrity and economic stability are compromised. This study aims to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on the operation and management of non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach Multiple case study research design was used in the study with interviews from 25 senior-level management staff of NGOs. Findings The analysis revealed that COVID-19 impacts NGOs both negatively and positively. Dominant among the negative impacts are a decline in health-seeking behaviours, low programme implementation, increased cost and wastages resulting from PPE, transition to virtual meetings, a decline in capacity building and staff burnout/pressure. However, some positive impacts include increased efficiency through the use of virtual innovations, peer-to-peer intervention through the establishment of networks, flexibility and prompt adaptation to the crisis, prudent management of available resources, etc. This research contributes to theory and practice. Research limitations/implications Conducting this research and recruiting participants at the height of COVID-19 in Nigeria, in adherence to the prevention guidelines, constituted a considerable limitation to the study. Practical implications Although the identified impact could be useful in framing operational policies and guidelines, the study highlights a salient future outlook with policy implications for both the governance of NGOs and the facilitation of sustainable development goals by the government. Originality/value Although researchers continue to explore the impact of COVID-19, none has considered the NGO sector, especially in developing countries, and with a focus on providing evidence-backed resilience practices for the future.	The impact of COVID-19 on the operations and management of NGOs: resilience and recommendations	The impact of COVID-19 on the operations and management of NGOs: resilience and recommendations
Please summerize the given abstract to a title	I have been researching coronaviruses for more than forty years. This viewpoint summarizes some of the major findings in coronavirus research made before the SARS epidemic and how they inform current research on the newly emerged SARS-CoV-2.	Forty years with coronaviruses	Forty years with coronaviruses