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26286 | 16729400 | [
{
"id": "26287",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Nitroglycerin , nitroprusside , or both , in preventing radial artery spasm during transradial artery catheterization . OBJECTIVE Radial artery spasm remains a major complication of transradial coronary interventions . The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of three different intra-arterial vasodilating cocktails in reducing the incidence of radial artery spasm in patients undergoing transradial coronary angiography . The secondary goal was to assess the predictors of arterial spasm in this large group of patients . METHODS A total of 379 patients undergoing the procedure were randomly enrolled in 1 of 3 groups . Every patient in each of the 3 groups received intra-arterial heparin , lidocaine and diltiazem . Along with that , patients in Group A received nitroglycerin ; patients in Group B received nitroprusside instead of nitroglycerin ; and patients in Group C received both nitroglycerin and nitroprusside . A single experienced operator , blinded to the study drug , subjectively determined the presence of spasm . RESULTS Of 379 patients , a total of 44 patients ( 11.6 % ) experienced spasm . The occurrence of spasm was similar , independent of the vasodilator cocktail used ( Group A : 12.2 % , Group B : 13.4 % , Group C : 9.5 % ; p = 0.597 ) . After multivariate analysis , the following variables were found to be independent predictors of spasm : radial artery diameter ( RD ) /height index ( p = 0.005 ) , RD/BSA index ( p = 0.012 ) , and sheath outer diameter ( OD ) /RD index ( p = 0.024 ) . CONCLUSION In this prospective , randomized trial , the addition of a direct nitric oxide donor to nitroglycerin in an antispastic cocktail did not reduce the risk of spasm , and the use of nitroglycerin was found to be as effective as nitroprusside . Also , morphometric and mechanical factors play a significant role in predicting the occurrence of radial spasm . The sex of the patient , presence of diabetes , body surface area and smoking history appeared to play no role in predicting the occurrence of radial spasm ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2054
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "26288",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Nitroglycerin"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
13
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26289",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"nitroprusside"
],
"offsets": [
[
16,
29
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26290",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"vasodilating cocktails"
],
"offsets": [
[
303,
325
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26291",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"heparin"
],
"offsets": [
[
694,
701
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26292",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"lidocaine"
],
"offsets": [
[
704,
713
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26293",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"diltiazem"
],
"offsets": [
[
718,
727
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26294",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"nitroglycerin"
],
"offsets": [
[
777,
790
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26295",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"nitroprusside"
],
"offsets": [
[
16,
29
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26296",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"nitroglycerin"
],
"offsets": [
[
777,
790
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26297",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"nitroglycerin"
],
"offsets": [
[
777,
790
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26298",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"nitroprusside"
],
"offsets": [
[
16,
29
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26299",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"nitric oxide"
],
"offsets": [
[
1608,
1620
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26300",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"nitroglycerin"
],
"offsets": [
[
777,
790
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26301",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"nitroglycerin"
],
"offsets": [
[
777,
790
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26302",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"nitroprusside"
],
"offsets": [
[
16,
29
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26303",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"radial artery spasm"
],
"offsets": [
[
56,
75
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26304",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"radial artery spasm"
],
"offsets": [
[
56,
75
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26305",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"predictors of arterial spasm"
],
"offsets": [
[
470,
498
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26306",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"spasm"
],
"offsets": [
[
70,
75
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26307",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"spasm"
],
"offsets": [
[
70,
75
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26308",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"reduce the risk of spasm"
],
"offsets": [
[
1679,
1703
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26309",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"effective"
],
"offsets": [
[
1754,
1763
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26310",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"predicting the occurrence of radial spasm"
],
"offsets": [
[
1853,
1894
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26311",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"predicting the occurrence of radial spasm"
],
"offsets": [
[
1853,
1894
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26312",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"transradial artery catheterization"
],
"offsets": [
[
83,
117
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26313",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"transradial coronary angiography"
],
"offsets": [
[
398,
430
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26314",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"379 patients"
],
"offsets": [
[
552,
564
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
26315 | 16730335 | [
{
"id": "26316",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Effects of short- and long-term risperidone treatment on prolactin levels in children with autism . BACKGROUND The effects of short- and long-term risperidone treatment on serum prolactin were assessed in children and adolescents with autism . METHODS Patients with autism ( N = 101 , 5-17 years of age ) were randomized to an 8-week trial of risperidone or placebo and 63 then took part in a 4-month open-label follow-up phase . Serum samples were obtained at Baseline and Week-8 ( N = 78 ) , and at 6-month ( N = 43 ) and 22-month ( N = 30 ) follow-up . Serum prolactin was determined by immunoradiometric assay ; dopamine type-2 receptor ( DRD2 ) polymorphisms were genotyped . RESULTS Baseline prolactin levels were similar in the risperidone ( N = 42 ) and placebo ( N = 36 ) groups ( 9.3 +/- 7.5 and 9.3 +/- 7.6 ng/ml , respectively ) . After 8 weeks of risperidone , prolactin increased to 39.0 +/- 19.2 ng/ml , compared with 10.1 +/- 8.8 ng/ml for placebo ( p < .0001 ) . Prolactin levels were also significantly increased at 6 months ( 32.4 +/- 17.8 ng/ml ; N = 43 , p < .0001 ) and at 22 months ( N = 30 , 25.3 +/- 15.6 ng/ml , p < .0001 ) . Prolactin levels were not associated with adverse effects and DRD2 alleles ( Taq1A , -141C Ins/Del , C957T ) did not significantly influence baseline levels or risperidone-induced increases in prolactin . CONCLUSIONS Risperidone treatment was associated with two- to four-fold mean increases in serum prolactin in children with autism . Although risperidone-induced increases tended to diminish with time , further research on the consequences of long-term prolactin elevations in children and adolescents is needed ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1669
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "26317",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"risperidone"
],
"offsets": [
[
32,
43
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26318",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"risperidone"
],
"offsets": [
[
32,
43
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26319",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"risperidone"
],
"offsets": [
[
32,
43
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26320",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
358,
365
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26321",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"risperidone"
],
"offsets": [
[
32,
43
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26322",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
358,
365
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26323",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"risperidone"
],
"offsets": [
[
32,
43
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26324",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Risperidone"
],
"offsets": [
[
1369,
1380
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26325",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"prolactin levels"
],
"offsets": [
[
57,
73
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26326",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"dopamine type-2 receptor ( DRD2 ) polymorphisms were genotyped ."
],
"offsets": [
[
616,
680
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26327",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Baseline prolactin levels"
],
"offsets": [
[
689,
714
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26328",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"prolactin"
],
"offsets": [
[
57,
66
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26329",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Prolactin levels"
],
"offsets": [
[
980,
996
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26330",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Prolactin levels"
],
"offsets": [
[
980,
996
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
26331 | 16730541 | [
{
"id": "26332",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Thermal welding versus bipolar tonsillectomy : a comparative study . OBJECTIVE To compare thermal welding tonsillectomy ( TWT ) with bipolar electrocautery tonsillectomy ( BET ) procedure . STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING A prospective randomized study was conducted on 150 consecutive adult patients undergoing tonsillectomy . Indications included chronic tonsillitis and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome . Exclusion criteria included peritonsillar abscess history , bleeding disorders , and any other procedure together with tonsillectomy . Patients were randomly assigned to TWT or BET groups . Intraoperative bleeding , operative time , postoperative pain , complication rates , and return to normal diet were evaluated . RESULTS In the TWT group there was no measurable intraoperative bleeding , while mean bleeding for BET group was 16 mL . No significant difference regarding mean operative time was noticed . Mean postoperative pain score and mean time for return to normal diet were significantly lower in the TWT group . Primary hemorrhage occurred in 1 subject of the BET group . Secondary postoperative hemorrhage was noticed in 1 subject of the TWT group and 3 subjects of the BET group . CONCLUSION Thermal welding tonsillectomy procedure provides sufficient hemostasis , lower postoperative pain , and quick return to normal diet . EBM RATING A-1b ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1357
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "26333",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"Thermal welding"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
15
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26334",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"bipolar tonsillectomy"
],
"offsets": [
[
23,
44
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26335",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"thermal welding tonsillectomy"
],
"offsets": [
[
90,
119
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26336",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"( TWT )"
],
"offsets": [
[
120,
127
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26337",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"bipolar electrocautery tonsillectomy ( BET ) procedure"
],
"offsets": [
[
133,
187
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26338",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"tonsillectomy"
],
"offsets": [
[
31,
44
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26339",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"TWT"
],
"offsets": [
[
122,
125
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26340",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"BET"
],
"offsets": [
[
172,
175
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26341",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"TWT"
],
"offsets": [
[
122,
125
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26342",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"BET"
],
"offsets": [
[
172,
175
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26343",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"TWT"
],
"offsets": [
[
122,
125
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26344",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"BET"
],
"offsets": [
[
172,
175
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26345",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"TWT"
],
"offsets": [
[
122,
125
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26346",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"BET"
],
"offsets": [
[
172,
175
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26347",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"Thermal welding tonsillectomy procedure"
],
"offsets": [
[
1206,
1245
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26348",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Intraoperative bleeding"
],
"offsets": [
[
591,
614
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26349",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"operative time"
],
"offsets": [
[
617,
631
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26350",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"postoperative pain"
],
"offsets": [
[
634,
652
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26351",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"complication rates"
],
"offsets": [
[
655,
673
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26352",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"return to normal diet"
],
"offsets": [
[
680,
701
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26353",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"intraoperative bleeding"
],
"offsets": [
[
768,
791
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26354",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"mean bleeding"
],
"offsets": [
[
800,
813
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26355",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"mean operative time"
],
"offsets": [
[
876,
895
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26356",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"Mean postoperative pain score"
],
"offsets": [
[
910,
939
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26357",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"mean time for return to normal diet"
],
"offsets": [
[
944,
979
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26358",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Primary hemorrhage"
],
"offsets": [
[
1024,
1042
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26359",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Secondary postoperative hemorrhage"
],
"offsets": [
[
1084,
1118
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26360",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"hemostasis"
],
"offsets": [
[
1266,
1276
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26361",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"postoperative pain"
],
"offsets": [
[
634,
652
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26362",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"quick return to normal diet"
],
"offsets": [
[
1310,
1337
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26363",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"chronic tonsillitis"
],
"offsets": [
[
342,
361
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26364",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"obstructive sleep apnea syndrome ."
],
"offsets": [
[
366,
400
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26365",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"peritonsillar abscess"
],
"offsets": [
[
429,
450
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26366",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"bleeding disorders"
],
"offsets": [
[
461,
479
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26367",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"tonsillectomy"
],
"offsets": [
[
31,
44
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
26368 | 16731138 | [
{
"id": "26369",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Neurocognitive outcomes in off-pump versus on-pump bypass surgery : a randomized controlled trial . BACKGROUND Cognitive difficulties have been reported after coronary artery bypass graft surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass . However , the cognitive benefit of off-pump surgery remains unclear . METHODS Consecutively listed candidates for elective bypass were randomly assigned to either off-pump or on-pump techniques ( n = 107 ) . A battery of 11 standardized neuropsychological tests was administered before surgery , and again at 2 and 6 months after surgery . The two groups were compared using a range of statistical procedures , including growth modeling . RESULTS There were no significant differences in cognitive test scores between the off-pump and on-pump groups using t tests at any of the time points . There were no differences between off-pump and on-pump groups in the incidence of cognitive deficits at 2 months or 6 months , with the exception that fewer off-pump patients showed impairment on one test of verbal fluency at 6 months . When the pattern of cognitive change over time between the two groups was compared using sophisticated modeling techniques , the two groups were again comparable , except for results on the test of verbal fluency , in which the off-pump group showed more rapid postsurgical cognitive gains than the on-pump group . CONCLUSIONS The off-pump group appears to be generally comparable to the on-pump group in terms of short-term and long-term postsurgical neurocognitive outcomes ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1533
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "26370",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"off-pump"
],
"offsets": [
[
27,
35
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26371",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"on-pump bypass surgery"
],
"offsets": [
[
43,
65
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26372",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"cardiopulmonary bypass"
],
"offsets": [
[
202,
224
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26373",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"off-pump"
],
"offsets": [
[
27,
35
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26374",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"on-pump"
],
"offsets": [
[
43,
50
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26375",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"off-pump"
],
"offsets": [
[
27,
35
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26376",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"on-pump"
],
"offsets": [
[
43,
50
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26377",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"off-pump"
],
"offsets": [
[
27,
35
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26378",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"on-pump"
],
"offsets": [
[
43,
50
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26379",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"off-pump"
],
"offsets": [
[
27,
35
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26380",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"off-pump"
],
"offsets": [
[
27,
35
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26381",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"on-pump"
],
"offsets": [
[
43,
50
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26382",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"off-pump"
],
"offsets": [
[
27,
35
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26383",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"on-pump"
],
"offsets": [
[
43,
50
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26384",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Neurocognitive outcomes"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
23
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26385",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"growth modeling"
],
"offsets": [
[
648,
663
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26386",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"cognitive test scores"
],
"offsets": [
[
715,
736
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26387",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"incidence of cognitive deficits"
],
"offsets": [
[
888,
919
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26388",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"verbal fluency"
],
"offsets": [
[
1027,
1041
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26389",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"pattern of cognitive change over time"
],
"offsets": [
[
1065,
1102
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26390",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"verbal fluency"
],
"offsets": [
[
1027,
1041
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26391",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"cognitive gains"
],
"offsets": [
[
1330,
1345
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26392",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"after coronary artery bypass graft surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass ."
],
"offsets": [
[
153,
226
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26393",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Consecutively listed candidates for elective bypass"
],
"offsets": [
[
305,
356
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26394",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"( n = 107 )"
],
"offsets": [
[
421,
432
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
26395 | 16731878 | [
{
"id": "26396",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Outcomes in a nursing home transition case-management program targeting new admissions . PURPOSE The Providing Assistance to Caregivers in Transition ( PACT ) program offers nursing home discharge planning and case management for individuals in the transitional period following a return to the community . The PACT program targeted individuals newly admitted to nursing homes and worked with a family caregiver to develop and implement a nursing home discharge plan . DESIGN AND METHOD Reported are the results of a randomized control design evaluating the program 's effectiveness . Those individuals randomly assigned to the intervention group ( n = 33 ) received PACT case management in addition to their usual medical and nursing home care . The individuals in the control group ( n = 29 ) continued their usual care . RESULT There were no statistical differences in the discharge rate ( 84 % treatment vs 76 % controls ) or in the median length of stay ( 42 days vs 55 days ) between the two groups of individuals . IMPLICATIONS Replications or extensions of a PACT-type intervention might consider a broader mix of nursing homes , working directly with the nursing home 's admission Minimum Data Set coordinator in patient selection , or working with Medicare or Medicaid HMO plans ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1290
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "26397",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"Providing Assistance to Caregivers in Transition ( PACT ) program"
],
"offsets": [
[
101,
166
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26398",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"PACT program"
],
"offsets": [
[
311,
323
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26399",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"PACT case management in addition to their usual medical and nursing home care"
],
"offsets": [
[
667,
744
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26400",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"usual care"
],
"offsets": [
[
811,
821
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26401",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"PACT-type intervention"
],
"offsets": [
[
1067,
1089
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26402",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"effectiveness"
],
"offsets": [
[
569,
582
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26403",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"differences in the discharge rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
857,
890
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26404",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"in the median length of stay"
],
"offsets": [
[
930,
958
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26405",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"individuals in the transitional period following a return to the community"
],
"offsets": [
[
230,
304
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26406",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"newly admitted to nursing homes"
],
"offsets": [
[
345,
376
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26407",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"n = 33"
],
"offsets": [
[
649,
655
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26408",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"n = 29"
],
"offsets": [
[
786,
792
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
26409 | 1673324 | [
{
"id": "26410",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Deliberate hypotension in patients with intracranial arteriovenous malformations : esmolol compared with isoflurane and sodium nitroprusside . Thirty patients undergoing resection of arteriovenous malformations with deliberate hypotension were randomized to receive 1 of 3 hypotensive agents . Anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane and nitrous oxide in all patients . Mean arterial pressure was reduced 20 % to 60-65 mm Hg with use of either isoflurane ( less than or equal to 4 % ) , sodium nitroprusside ( less than or equal to 8 micrograms.kg-1.min-1 ) , or esmolol ( less than or equal to 24 mg/min ) . Esmolol was associated with a decrease in cardiac output from 6.2 +/- 1.3 to 3.8 +/- 0.8 L/min , which , because of a 22 % increase in systemic vascular resistance , far exceeded the reduction in mean arterial pressure . Systemic vascular resistance increased despite a 32 % decrease in plasma renin activity . In contrast , with sodium nitroprusside or isoflurane , the decrease in mean arterial pressure was associated with decreases in systemic vascular resistance of similar magnitude , with no change in cardiac output . Plasma renin activity levels increased 48 % with sodium nitroprusside and 126 % with isoflurane . Heart rate increased 13 % with sodium nitroprusside , remained unchanged with isoflurane , and decreased 23 % with esmolol . Although esmolol may be used as a primary hypotensive agent , the potential for marked myocardial depression must be recognized . The differences in pharmacologic properties for the different hypotensive agents suggest that combinations of these agents may provide a pharmacologic profile superior to either agent alone ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1681
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "26411",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"esmolol"
],
"offsets": [
[
83,
90
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26412",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"isoflurane"
],
"offsets": [
[
105,
115
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26413",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"sodium nitroprusside"
],
"offsets": [
[
120,
140
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26414",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"isoflurane and nitrous oxide"
],
"offsets": [
[
325,
353
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26415",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"isoflurane"
],
"offsets": [
[
105,
115
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26416",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"sodium nitroprusside"
],
"offsets": [
[
120,
140
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26417",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"esmolol"
],
"offsets": [
[
83,
90
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26418",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Esmolol"
],
"offsets": [
[
611,
618
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26419",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"sodium nitroprusside"
],
"offsets": [
[
120,
140
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26420",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"isoflurane"
],
"offsets": [
[
105,
115
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26421",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"sodium nitroprusside"
],
"offsets": [
[
120,
140
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26422",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"isoflurane"
],
"offsets": [
[
105,
115
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26423",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"sodium nitroprusside"
],
"offsets": [
[
120,
140
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26424",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"esmolol"
],
"offsets": [
[
83,
90
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26425",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"esmolol"
],
"offsets": [
[
83,
90
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26426",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Deliberate hypotension"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
22
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26427",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"cardiac output"
],
"offsets": [
[
653,
667
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26428",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"systemic vascular resistance"
],
"offsets": [
[
746,
774
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26429",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"arterial pressure"
],
"offsets": [
[
377,
394
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26430",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Systemic vascular resistance"
],
"offsets": [
[
832,
860
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26431",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"plasma renin activity"
],
"offsets": [
[
898,
919
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26432",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"mean arterial pressure"
],
"offsets": [
[
807,
829
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26433",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"systemic vascular resistance"
],
"offsets": [
[
746,
774
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26434",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"cardiac output"
],
"offsets": [
[
653,
667
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26435",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Plasma renin activity levels"
],
"offsets": [
[
1137,
1165
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26436",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Heart rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
1235,
1245
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26437",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"marked myocardial depression"
],
"offsets": [
[
1440,
1468
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26438",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"intracranial arteriovenous malformations"
],
"offsets": [
[
40,
80
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26439",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Thirty"
],
"offsets": [
[
143,
149
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26440",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"arteriovenous malformations"
],
"offsets": [
[
53,
80
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
26441 | 16733916 | [
{
"id": "26442",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"[ Profiles of irregular bleeding induced by low-dose hormone therapy and Chinese formulated herbs products ] . OBJECTIVE To compare profiles and related factors of irregular bleeding induced by different types of low-dose hormone therapy ( HT ) and a Chinese formulated herbs products . METHODS Applied with open-labeled , randomized , and clinical trial design , 136 postmenopausal women were assigned into four groups : group A : estradiol valerate ( E2 V ) 1 mg/d + medroxyprogesterone acetate ( MPA ) 2 mg/d ; group B : conjugated equine estrogen 0.45 mg/d + MPA 2 mg/d ; group C : tibolone 1.25 mg/d ; group D : a Chinese formulated herbs product ( Kuntai ) 4 # tid . Each subject took element calcium 400 mg/d and vitamin D 200 IU/d concomitantly . Modified Kupperman scores were assessed on baseline and every 3 months thereafter and irregular bleeding was recorded on menopausal diary every day . The duration of this study was 1 year . Results The efficacies were similar in three HT-managed groups , but was better than in group D , although the latter was also effective in alleviating menopausal symptoms . Hazard ratio ( HR ) of irregular bleeding was 1.00 in group C , 2.43 in group A ( 95 % CI : 1.08-5.46 ) , 3.12 in group B ( 95 % CI : 1.42-6.88 ) , and 0.73 in group D ( 95 % CI : 0.26-2.04 ) . Most cases initially experienced bleeding in the first 3 months but such initiation was a bit later in group C. Endometrium , as detected by B-mode ultrasound , increased approximately 1 mm in HT groups , while it was a bit thicker in group C. Long periods in reproductive age and short time since menopause were high risk factors for irregular bleeding . CONCLUSION Profiles of irregular bleeding in 3 commonly used types of low-dose HT are different and some factors such as long period in reproductive age and short time since menopause may contribute to bleeding initiation ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1892
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "26443",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"low-dose hormone therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
44,
68
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26444",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Chinese formulated herbs products"
],
"offsets": [
[
73,
106
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26445",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"low-dose hormone therapy ( HT )"
],
"offsets": [
[
213,
244
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26446",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Chinese formulated herbs products"
],
"offsets": [
[
73,
106
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26447",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"estradiol valerate ( E2 V ) 1 mg/d"
],
"offsets": [
[
432,
466
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26448",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"medroxyprogesterone acetate ( MPA ) 2 mg/d"
],
"offsets": [
[
469,
511
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26449",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"conjugated equine estrogen 0.45 mg/d"
],
"offsets": [
[
524,
560
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26450",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"MPA 2"
],
"offsets": [
[
563,
568
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26451",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"tibolone"
],
"offsets": [
[
586,
594
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26452",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"a Chinese formulated herbs product ( Kuntai )"
],
"offsets": [
[
617,
662
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26453",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"calcium"
],
"offsets": [
[
699,
706
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26454",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"vitamin D"
],
"offsets": [
[
720,
729
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26455",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"low-dose HT"
],
"offsets": [
[
1739,
1750
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26456",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"irregular bleeding"
],
"offsets": [
[
14,
32
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26457",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"irregular bleeding"
],
"offsets": [
[
14,
32
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26458",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"irregular bleeding"
],
"offsets": [
[
14,
32
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26459",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"efficacies"
],
"offsets": [
[
957,
967
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26460",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"effective"
],
"offsets": [
[
1072,
1081
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26461",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Hazard ratio ( HR ) of irregular bleeding"
],
"offsets": [
[
1119,
1160
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26462",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"bleeding"
],
"offsets": [
[
24,
32
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26463",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"initiation"
],
"offsets": [
[
1386,
1396
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26464",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Endometrium"
],
"offsets": [
[
1425,
1436
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26465",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"irregular bleeding"
],
"offsets": [
[
14,
32
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26466",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"irregular bleeding"
],
"offsets": [
[
14,
32
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26467",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"136"
],
"offsets": [
[
364,
367
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26468",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"postmenopausal"
],
"offsets": [
[
368,
382
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26469",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"women"
],
"offsets": [
[
383,
388
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
26470 | 16739368 | [
{
"id": "26471",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"[ Rapidity of pain relief , medication requirement and patient satisfaction with reflux treatment in the physician 's office ] . Treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease ( GERD ) with proton pump inhibitors was investigated in three controlled prospective , randomized open studies . Lansoprazole , omeprazole MUPS and esomeprazole were compared under doctor 's office conditions . The outcomes of interest were the rapidity of pain relief achieved with a single dose , effectiveness and patient satisfaction with on demand therapy . In the first study , 180 patients with chronic and prolonged episodes of reflux were investigated . Time to pain relief following a single dose was 1.1 +/- 0.8 hours with 30 mg lansoprazole , 3.0 +/- 2.5 hours with 20 mgomeprazole MUPS and 2.1 +/- 1.2 hours with 40 mg esomeprazole . Studies 2 and 3 were designed as cross-over studies intended to investigate drug consumption . In study 2 , the amount of lansoprazole consumed was approximately 50 % less than that of omeprazole , and this translated to 81 % patient satisfaction with lansoprazole compared with only 9.5 % for omeprazole . In study 3 comparing lansoprazole and esomeprazole , consumption of the former was 85 % that of the latter . 58 % of the patients opted to continuetreatment with lansoprazole , compared with only 25 % in the case of esomeprazole . The appreciably greater patient satisfaction with lansoprazole was due tothe faster pain relief achieved with this drug ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1481
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "26472",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"proton pump inhibitors"
],
"offsets": [
[
188,
210
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26473",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Lansoprazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
288,
300
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26474",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"omeprazole MUPS"
],
"offsets": [
[
303,
318
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26475",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"esomeprazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
323,
335
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26476",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"lansoprazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
715,
727
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26477",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"mgomeprazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
756,
768
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26478",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"esomeprazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
323,
335
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26479",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"lansoprazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
715,
727
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26480",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"omeprazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
303,
313
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26481",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"lansoprazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
715,
727
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26482",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"omeprazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
303,
313
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26483",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"esomeprazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
323,
335
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26484",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"lansoprazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
715,
727
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26485",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"esomeprazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
323,
335
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26486",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"lansoprazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
715,
727
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26487",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"Rapidity of pain relief"
],
"offsets": [
[
2,
25
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26488",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"medication requirement"
],
"offsets": [
[
28,
50
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26489",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"patient satisfaction"
],
"offsets": [
[
55,
75
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26490",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"gastroesophageal reflux disease ( GERD )"
],
"offsets": [
[
142,
182
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26491",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"rapidity of pain relief"
],
"offsets": [
[
420,
443
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26492",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"single dose"
],
"offsets": [
[
460,
471
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26493",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"effectiveness"
],
"offsets": [
[
474,
487
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26494",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"patient satisfaction"
],
"offsets": [
[
55,
75
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26495",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"pain relief"
],
"offsets": [
[
14,
25
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26496",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"drug consumption"
],
"offsets": [
[
898,
914
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26497",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"amount of lansoprazole consumed"
],
"offsets": [
[
934,
965
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26498",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"patient satisfaction"
],
"offsets": [
[
55,
75
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26499",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"consumption"
],
"offsets": [
[
903,
914
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26500",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"continuetreatment"
],
"offsets": [
[
1268,
1285
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26501",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"patient satisfaction"
],
"offsets": [
[
55,
75
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26502",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"faster pain relief"
],
"offsets": [
[
1437,
1455
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26503",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"gastroesophageal reflux disease"
],
"offsets": [
[
142,
173
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26504",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"GERD"
],
"offsets": [
[
176,
180
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26505",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"180"
],
"offsets": [
[
559,
562
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26506",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"chronic and prolonged episodes of reflux"
],
"offsets": [
[
577,
617
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
26507 | 16740812 | [
{
"id": "26508",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"A randomized clinical trial of clinician feedback to improve quality of care for inner-city children with asthma . CONTEXT Barriers impede translating recommendations for asthma treatment into practice , particularly in inner cities where asthma morbidity is highest . METHODS The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of timely patient feedback in the form of a letter providing recent patient-specific symptoms , medication , and health service use combined with guideline-based recommendations for changes in therapy on improving the quality of asthma care by inner-city primary care providers and on resultant asthma morbidity . This was a randomized , controlled clinical trial in 5- to 11-year-old children ( n = 937 ) with moderate to severe asthma receiving health care in hospital- and community-based clinics and private practices in 7 inner-city urban areas . The caretaker of each child received a bimonthly telephone call to collect clinical information about the child 's asthma . For a full year , the providers of intervention group children received bimonthly computer-generated letters based on these calls summarizing the child 's asthma symptoms , health service use , and medication use with a corresponding recommendation to step up or step down medications . We measured the number and proportion of scheduled visits resulting in stepping up of medications , asthma symptoms ( 2-week recall ) , and health care use ( 2-month recall ) . RESULTS In this population , only a modest proportion of children whose symptoms warranted a medication increase actually had a scheduled visit to reevaluate their asthma treatment . However , in the 2-month interval after receipt of a step-up letter , 17.1 % of the letters were followed by scheduled visits in the intervention group compared with scheduled visits 12.3 % of the time by the control children with comparable clinical symptoms . Asthma medications were stepped up when indicated after 46.0 % of these visits in the intervention group compared with 35.6 % in the control group , and when asthma symptoms warranted a step up in therapy , medication changes occurred earlier among the intervention children . Among children whose medications were stepped up at any time during the 12-month study period , those in the intervention group experienced 22.1 % fewer symptom days and 37.9 % fewer school days missed . The intention-to-treat analysis showed no difference over the intervention year in the number of symptom days , yet there was a trend toward fewer days of limited activity and a significant decrease in emergency department visits by the intervention group compared with controls . This 24 % drop in emergency department visits resulted in an intervention that was cost saving in its first year . CONCLUSIONS Patient-specific feedback to inner-city providers increased scheduled asthma visits , increased asthma visits in which medications were stepped up when clinically indicated , and reduced emergency department visits ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
3023
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "26509",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"clinician feedback"
],
"offsets": [
[
31,
49
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26510",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"patient feedback"
],
"offsets": [
[
343,
359
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26511",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"a letter"
],
"offsets": [
[
375,
383
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26512",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"bimonthly telephone call to collect clinical information about the child 's asthma"
],
"offsets": [
[
924,
1006
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26513",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"bimonthly computer-generated letters"
],
"offsets": [
[
1081,
1117
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26514",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Asthma medications"
],
"offsets": [
[
1918,
1936
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26515",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"control"
],
"offsets": [
[
671,
678
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26516",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"Patient-specific feedback"
],
"offsets": [
[
2807,
2832
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26517",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"number of symptom days"
],
"offsets": [
[
2486,
2508
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26518",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"emergency department visits"
],
"offsets": [
[
2601,
2628
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26519",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"emergency department visits"
],
"offsets": [
[
2601,
2628
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26520",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"asthma"
],
"offsets": [
[
106,
112
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26521",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"5- to 11-year-old"
],
"offsets": [
[
700,
717
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26522",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"937"
],
"offsets": [
[
733,
736
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
26523 | 16750325 | [
{
"id": "26524",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Fifteen-year results of a randomized prospective trial of hyperfractionated chest wall irradiation versus once-daily chest wall irradiation after chemotherapy and mastectomy for patients with locally advanced noninflammatory breast cancer . PURPOSE To analyze the results of a Phase III clinical trial that investigated whether a hyperfractionated radiotherapy ( RT ) schedule could reduce the risk of locoregional recurrence in patients with locally advanced breast cancer treated with chemotherapy and mastectomy . METHODS AND MATERIALS Between 1985 and 1989 , 200 patients with clinical Stage III noninflammatory breast cancer were enrolled in a prospective study investigating neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy . Of the 179 patients treated with mastectomy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy , 108 participated in a randomized component of the trial that compared a dose-escalated , hyperfractionated ( twice-daily , b.i.d . ) chest wall RT schedule ( 72 Gy in 1.2-Gy b.i.d . fractions ) with a once-daily ( q.d . ) schedule ( 60 Gy in 2-Gy q.d . fractions ) . In both arms of the study , the supraclavicular fossa and axillary apex were treated once daily to 50 Gy . The median follow-up period was 15 years . RESULTS The 15-year actuarial locoregional recurrence rate was 7 % for the q.d . arm and 12 % for the b.i.d . arm ( p=0.36 ) . The rates of severe acute toxicity were similar ( 4 % for q.d . vs. 5 % for b.i.d . ) , but moist desquamation developed in 42 % of patients in the b.i.d . arm compared with 28 % of the patients in the q.d . arm ( p=0.16 ) . The 15-year actuarial rate of severe late RT complications did not differ between the two arms ( 6 % for q.d . vs. 11 % for b.i.d. , p=0.54 ) . CONCLUSION Although the sample size of this study was small , we found no evidence that this hyperfractionation schedule of postmastectomy RT offered a clinical advantage . Therefore , we have concluded that it should not be further studied in this cohort of patients ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1980
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "26525",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"hyperfractionated chest wall irradiation"
],
"offsets": [
[
58,
98
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26526",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"once-daily chest wall irradiation after"
],
"offsets": [
[
106,
145
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26527",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"chemotherapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
146,
158
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26528",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"hyperfractionated radiotherapy ( RT )"
],
"offsets": [
[
330,
367
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26529",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"mastectomy after"
],
"offsets": [
[
754,
770
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26530",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"neoadjuvant chemotherapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
771,
795
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26531",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"hyperfractionated ( twice-daily , b.i.d . ) chest wall RT"
],
"offsets": [
[
887,
944
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26532",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"q.d . arm"
],
"offsets": [
[
1290,
1299
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26533",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"b.i.d . arm"
],
"offsets": [
[
1317,
1328
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26534",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"b.i.d . arm"
],
"offsets": [
[
1317,
1328
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26535",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"q.d . arm"
],
"offsets": [
[
1290,
1299
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26536",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"postmastectomy RT"
],
"offsets": [
[
1835,
1852
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26537",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"15-year actuarial locoregional recurrence rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
1227,
1273
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26538",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"rates of severe acute toxicity"
],
"offsets": [
[
1346,
1376
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26539",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"15-year actuarial rate of severe late RT complications"
],
"offsets": [
[
1571,
1625
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26540",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"locally advanced noninflammatory breast cancer"
],
"offsets": [
[
192,
238
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26541",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"locally advanced breast cancer"
],
"offsets": [
[
443,
473
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26542",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"200"
],
"offsets": [
[
563,
566
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26543",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Stage III noninflammatory breast cancer"
],
"offsets": [
[
590,
629
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26544",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"179"
],
"offsets": [
[
728,
731
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26545",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"108"
],
"offsets": [
[
798,
801
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
26546 | 16752282 | [
{
"id": "26547",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Different loss of BMD using uncemented press-fit and whole polyethylene cups fixed with cement : repeated DXA studies in 96 hips randomized to 3 types of fixation . BACKGROUND In cemented THA , aseptic loosening of the cup is more common than loosening of the stem , while periprosthetic osteolysis of the socket resulting in difficult reconstruction problems has emerged as the most significant problem with cementless cup fixation . PATIENTS AND METHODS 90 patients ( 96 hips ) scheduled for THA were stratified in three groups according to the method of fixation of the acetabular component : acrylic bone cement with fluoride ( Cemex-F ) , porous-coated press-fit cup with ceramic coating ( Trilogy , uncemented ) and acrylic cement with gentamicin ( Palacos ) . All patients received the Spectron EF stem . Acetabular bone mineral density was measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry ( DXA ) 1 week postoperatively , and after 12 and 24 months . The periprosthetic BMD was evaluated in 5 ROIs positioned around the acetabular component . RESULTS In the uncemented sockets , the BMD had decreased proximally and medially to the cup after 2 years . The difference was significant in the proximal region as compared to the control group ( Palacos ) . No difference was noted between the 2 groups with cemented components after 2 years . Stepwise linear regression analysis showed that loss of periprosthetic BMD in the proximal high-pressure region after 2 years increased with higher postoperative BMD and when the uncemented design had been used . INTERPRETATION Contrary to previous studies of cemented stems , the use of fluoride cement did not influence the periprosthetic BMD 2 years after the examination . Increased loss of BMD with use of uncemented press-fit cups in the region in which osteolytic lesions are commonly found suggests that stress shielding may initiate the development of this complication . Longer follow-up will , however , be necessary to substantiate this hypothesis ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2006
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "26548",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"uncemented press-fit and whole polyethylene cups fixed with cement"
],
"offsets": [
[
28,
94
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26549",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"acrylic bone cement with fluoride ( Cemex-F )"
],
"offsets": [
[
596,
641
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26550",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"porous-coated press-fit cup with ceramic coating ( Trilogy"
],
"offsets": [
[
644,
702
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26551",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"acrylic cement with gentamicin ( Palacos )"
],
"offsets": [
[
722,
764
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26552",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"Spectron EF stem"
],
"offsets": [
[
793,
809
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26553",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"control group ( Palacos"
],
"offsets": [
[
1231,
1254
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26554",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"fluoride cement"
],
"offsets": [
[
1633,
1648
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26555",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Different loss of BMD"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
21
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26556",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Acetabular bone mineral density"
],
"offsets": [
[
812,
843
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26557",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"periprosthetic BMD"
],
"offsets": [
[
961,
979
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26558",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"BMD"
],
"offsets": [
[
18,
21
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26559",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"BMD"
],
"offsets": [
[
18,
21
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26560",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"postoperative BMD"
],
"offsets": [
[
1493,
1510
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
26561 | 16753722 | [
{
"id": "26562",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Greater knowledge gain with structured than student-directed learning in Child Health : cluster randomized trial . The aim of this study was to detect a difference in knowledge gain between students receiving structured versus student-directed learning for the two-week Child Health outpatient module . A total of 138 phase 3 ( year 4 ) medical students in 10 two-week paediatric outpatient blocks at the Department of Child Health , University of Dundee , Scotland , were randomized to student-directed or structured learning between January and December 2002 . Pre- and post-course tests were administered at the start and the end of the attachment ; 129 students sat both tests . Results are presented as mean scores with standard deviations or 95 % confidence intervals ( CI ) in parentheses . The primary outcome measure was gain in knowledge of the Child Health core curriculum that is covered in the outpatient setting . Although pre-course scores were similar ( student-directed 25.3 ( 7.3 ) ; structured 24.8 ( 7.5 ) ) the structured approach resulted in higher post-course scores in comparison with the student-directed approach ( student-directed 41.8 ( 9.4 ) ; structured 53.8 ( 8.8 ) ; p < 0.01 ) . Knowledge gain showed significant differences between the two learning approaches ( student-directed 16.5 ( 3.7 ) ; structured 29.1 ( 3.8 ) , difference = 12.6 ( 95 % CI 11.3 to 13.9 ) ) . Low pre-course scores or gender did not affect knowledge gain . In the Child Health outpatient setting , the 'traditional ' structured approach led to significantly greater knowledge gain in comparison with the 'novel ' student-directed approach . The findings emphasize the importance of careful evaluation of novel medical education strategies before their implementation in medical schools , and the need for further research to define the effective methods for delivering medical education in Child Health ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1912
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "26563",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"structured"
],
"offsets": [
[
28,
38
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26564",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"student-directed learning"
],
"offsets": [
[
44,
69
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26565",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"structured"
],
"offsets": [
[
28,
38
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26566",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"versus"
],
"offsets": [
[
220,
226
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26567",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"student-directed learning"
],
"offsets": [
[
44,
69
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26568",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"student-directed"
],
"offsets": [
[
44,
60
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26569",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"structured learning"
],
"offsets": [
[
507,
526
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26570",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"knowledge gain"
],
"offsets": [
[
8,
22
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26571",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"knowledge gain"
],
"offsets": [
[
8,
22
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26572",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Pre- and post-course tests"
],
"offsets": [
[
563,
589
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26573",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"gain in knowledge"
],
"offsets": [
[
830,
847
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26574",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"pre-course scores"
],
"offsets": [
[
937,
954
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26575",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"post-course scores"
],
"offsets": [
[
1071,
1089
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26576",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"Knowledge gain"
],
"offsets": [
[
1212,
1226
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26577",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"pre-course scores"
],
"offsets": [
[
937,
954
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26578",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"knowledge gain"
],
"offsets": [
[
8,
22
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26579",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"knowledge gain"
],
"offsets": [
[
8,
22
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26580",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Health"
],
"offsets": [
[
79,
85
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26581",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"students"
],
"offsets": [
[
190,
198
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26582",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"138"
],
"offsets": [
[
314,
317
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26583",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"129"
],
"offsets": [
[
653,
656
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
26584 | 16757200 | [
{
"id": "26585",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Clinical evaluation of the intraoral fluoride releasing system in radiation-induced xerostomic subjects . Part 2 : Phase I study . Radiation-induced xerostomia can result in the rapid onset and progression of dental caries in head and neck cancer patients . Topically applied fluorides have been successfully used to inhibit the formation of dental caries in this population . However , because intensive daily self-application is required , compliance is an issue . The intraoral fluoride-releasing system ( IFRS ) containing a sodium fluoride core is a newly developed , sustained-release , passive drug delivery system that does not require patient involvement except for periodic replacement , thus reducing the effect of patient compliance on its effectiveness in dental caries prevention . Twenty-two head and neck cancer patients from U. T. M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , with radiation-induced xerostomia , were entered into a pilot study to contrast the daily home use of a 0.4 % stannous fluoride-gel-containing tray ( control group ) to IFRS ( study group ) with respect to tolerability and adherence , and to obtain information on relative caries preventive efficacy . Participants were stratified on the basis of radiation exposure and randomly assigned to treatment with either IFRS or stannous fluoride gel . Patients in both groups were fitted with two IFRS retainers and also were instructed to use a 1100-ppm fluoride conventional sodium fluoride dentifrice twice daily . The study was conducted as a single-blinded , parallel-cell trial . Pre-existing carious lesions were restored prior to the beginning of the study . The efficacy variable was determined by the mean number of new or recurrent decayed surfaces . Patients were examined for caries 4 , 8 , 12 , 24 , 36 , and 48 weeks after initiation of treatment . Reports of adverse reactions were based on information volunteered by patients and that were elicited during interviews . At baseline , the resting and stimulated salivary flow rates ( g/5min ) were significantly greater in the control group than in the study group ( p < 0.05 ) . Patients in the control group had received significantly more radiation than those in the test group ( 68Gy vs. 60Gy ; p=0.047 ) . No marked differences in follow-up new and recurrent caries were found between the stannous fluoride gel control and IFRS groups during the study period . The rate of new or recurrent carious lesions in the group treated with the fluoride gel was slightly lower than in the IFRS group , based on carious lesions at the baseline examination ( Poisson mean number of new or recurrent carious lesions for the control group=0.55 per year vs. 0.83 per year for the study group , p=0.705 ; odds ratio of the occurrence of any new or recurrent caries during follow-up for control group vs. the study group=0.80 ; p=0.781 ) . This pilot study revealed that the IFRS was well-tolerated and safe in this study population associated with minimal complications during the duration of this study and was comparable in efficacy to a SnF ( 2 ) gel in preventing caries development . The IFRS provided similar rates of control for caries formation to a fluoride-gel-containing tray . The IFRS is designed to release a daily dose of 0.12mg of sodium fluoride , which can be evenly distributed throughout the oral cavity for a single application of 4 months . It would be more convenient than the daily home application of a tray of 0.4 % stannous fluoride or 1.1 % sodium fluoride gel , and avoids the problem of variable patient compliance ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
3573
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "26586",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"intraoral fluoride releasing system"
],
"offsets": [
[
27,
62
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26587",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"fluoride-gel-containing tray"
],
"offsets": [
[
998,
1026
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26588",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"sodium fluoride"
],
"offsets": [
[
529,
544
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26589",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"recurrent caries"
],
"offsets": [
[
2291,
2307
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26590",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"rate of new or recurrent carious lesions in the group"
],
"offsets": [
[
2407,
2460
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26591",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"odds ratio of the occurrence of any new or recurrent caries"
],
"offsets": [
[
2732,
2791
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26592",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"well-tolerated and safe"
],
"offsets": [
[
2910,
2933
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26593",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"complications"
],
"offsets": [
[
2983,
2996
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26594",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"efficacy to a SnF ( 2 ) gel"
],
"offsets": [
[
3053,
3080
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26595",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"rates of control"
],
"offsets": [
[
3142,
3158
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26596",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"radiation-induced xerostomic subjects ."
],
"offsets": [
[
66,
105
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26597",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Twenty-two head and neck cancer patients from U."
],
"offsets": [
[
796,
844
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26598",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Patients in both groups"
],
"offsets": [
[
1324,
1347
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26599",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Patients in the control group"
],
"offsets": [
[
2117,
2146
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
26600 | 16767966 | [
{
"id": "26601",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Dexamethasone effectively reduces postoperative nausea and vomiting in a general surgical adult patient population . BACKGROUND Postoperative nausea and vomiting ( PONV ) is still a common and major complication for surgical patients , which may delay post-anesthetic care unit discharge , prolong hospital stay and thus increase the cost of hospitalization . It is understood that PONV is a multi-factorial outcome and occurs more often with general anesthesia than with other anesthetic methods . Prophylactic administration of antihistamines , antidopaminergics , anticholinergics , phenothiazines , serotonin antagonist , steroids and even acupuncture has been shown to be effective . However , expenses and side effects of these agents have also been a concern for clinical doctors . The aim for this prospective study was to find an agent that is cost effective and side effect free ( or at least with a low incidence of side effects ) for the prevention of PONV . METHODS A total of 700 adult surgical patients who planned to have surgery under general anesthesia were enrolled in this double-blinded , randomized and placebo-controlled study . Group P received the placebo ( 0.9 % normal saline 2 ml ) and Group D received 10 mg dexamethasone intravenously right before the induction of anesthesia . RESULTS We found that during the postoperative period of 1-8 h , patients in Group D reported a lower incidence of PONV ( 24 % ) than those in Group P ( 39 % , p < 0.001 ) . Patients in Group D also requested less rescue anti-emetic ( 17 % ) than those in Group P ( 30 % , p < 0.05 ) . The same phenomenon was also noted in the 8-to-24-hour interval ( PONV 4 % vs. 12 % , p < 0.05 and rescue anti-emetic 3 % vs. 9 % , p < 0.05 in Group D vs. Group P , respectively . ) CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the prophylactic intravenous administration of 10 mg dexamethasone immediately before the induction of anesthesia is effective in preventing PONV in the general surgical adult patient population ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2002
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "26602",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Dexamethasone"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
13
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26603",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
1125,
1132
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26604",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"normal saline"
],
"offsets": [
[
1189,
1202
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26605",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"dexamethasone"
],
"offsets": [
[
1237,
1250
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26606",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"PONV"
],
"offsets": [
[
164,
168
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
26607 | 16772581 | [
{
"id": "26608",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Milk production of dairy cows fed wet corn gluten feed during the dry period and lactation . An experiment was conducted with 36 primiparous and 40 multiparous Holstein cows to examine the effects of feeding wet corn gluten feed ( WCGF ) on 305-d milk production , dry matter ( DM ) intake , body condition score ( BCS ) , and health . The experimental treatments included : 1 ) control -- WCGF not fed ( n = 27 ) ; 2 ) WCGF-L-cows received diets containing WCGF ( 38 % DM basis ) during lactation ( n = 23 ) ; and 3 ) WCGF-DL -- cows received diets containing WCGF ( 38 % DM basis ) during the dry period and lactation ( n = 26 ) . During the dry period , cows consuming WCGF were observed to have a significant gain in BCS ( 0.07 +/- 0.06 ) compared with a loss in BCS in cows fed the control diet ( control = -0.11 +/- 0.06 and WCGF-L = -0.04 +/- 0.06 ) . During lactation , there were no differences by treatment on BCS . Cows consuming WCGF during lactation consumed more feed compared with the control : 25.4 , 23.8 , and 21.2 +/- 0.76 kg/d for WCGF-L , WCGF-DL , and the control , respectively . Milk production was higher for cows consuming WCGF : 35.0 , 34.7 , and 31.1 +/- 2.1 kg/d for WCGF-L , WCGF-DL , and the control , respectively . No differences were found in either DM intake or actual milk yield between the WCGF-L and WCGF-DL treatments , indicating that prepartum diets did not influence lactational performance . The WCGF diets resulted in significant reductions in the concentration of milk fat ( 3.94 , 3.74 , and 4.15 +/- 0.08 % for WCGF-L , WCGF-DL , and the control , respectively ) , but because total milk yield was increased , there were no differences in total milk fat yield . In addition , 3.5 % of fat-corrected milk tended to be affected by diet : 38.9 , 36.3 , and 34.7 +/- 1.93 kg/d for WCGF-L , WCGF-DL , and the control , respectively . The increasing effect of DM intake and milk yield in cows consuming WCGF resulted in a similar efficiency of 3.5 % fat-corrected milk production for all treatments , averaging 1.5 +/- 0.09 . Total protein yields were significantly higher for cows consuming WCGF diets during lactation : 1.15 , 1.10 , 1.00 +/- 0.06 kg/d for WCGF-L , WCGF-DL , and the control , respectively . These results indicate that diets may be formulated to contain as much as 37.5 % WCGF ( DM basis ) ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2352
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "26609",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"wet corn gluten feed ( WCGF )"
],
"offsets": [
[
208,
237
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26610",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"control -- WCGF not fed ( n = 27 ) ; 2 ) WCGF-L-cows received"
],
"offsets": [
[
379,
440
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26611",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"diets containing WCGF"
],
"offsets": [
[
441,
462
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26612",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"( 38 % DM basis ) during lactation ( n = 23 ) ; and 3 ) WCGF-DL -- cows received"
],
"offsets": [
[
463,
543
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26613",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"diets containing WCGF"
],
"offsets": [
[
441,
462
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26614",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"( 38 % DM basis ) during the dry period and lactation ( n = 26 )"
],
"offsets": [
[
566,
630
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26615",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Milk production"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
15
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26616",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"milk production , dry matter ( DM ) intake , body condition score ( BCS ) , and health ."
],
"offsets": [
[
247,
335
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26617",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"feed"
],
"offsets": [
[
50,
54
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26618",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"actual milk yield"
],
"offsets": [
[
1297,
1314
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26619",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"concentration of milk fat"
],
"offsets": [
[
1492,
1517
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26620",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"total milk yield"
],
"offsets": [
[
1624,
1640
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26621",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Total protein yields"
],
"offsets": [
[
2067,
2087
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26622",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"36 primiparous"
],
"offsets": [
[
126,
140
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26623",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"40 multiparous"
],
"offsets": [
[
145,
159
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
26624 | 16772718 | [
{
"id": "26625",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Intermittent recombinant growth hormone treatment in short children born small for gestational age : four-year results of a randomized trial of two different treatment regimens . BACKGROUND Treatment of short children born small for gestational age SGA with recombinant human growth hormone r-hGH increases growth velocity during childhood . As in other indications , the growth velocity in these patients is more marked during the first year of treatment and then decreases . This study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of different r-hGH treatment schedules ( 67 microg/kg/day in a discontinuous or continuous regimen ) during the second year of r-hGH treatment by comparing height velocity changes and total gain of height over a 4-year period . METHODS 58 growth-retarded SGA children aged 2-5 years were randomized to a TOTO regimen ( 4 years alternating treatment ( T ) and observation ( O ) , n = 30 ) or a TTOO regimen ( 2 years ' treatment , followed by 2 years ' observation , n = 28 ) . Height velocity HV and total height gain were assessed during the 4-year study . RESULTS In both groups , HV and HV standard deviation score HV-SDSCA increased during treatment and decreased during observation periods . Interruption of treatment in the TOTO group did not result in a better gain in height standard deviation score H-SDSCA when compared with the TTOO group . After 4 years of study , the gain in H-SDSCA was 1.4 + or - 01 in the TOTO group and 1.6 + or - 0.2 in the TTOO group leading to a mean height of -2.0 + or - 1.0 SDS and -2.0 + or - 0.8 SDS , respectively . The rate of bone maturation was similar in the two groups . CONCLUSIONS In short SGA children , TOTO and TTOO regimens produced significant improvements in growth during r-hGH treatment . However , treatment interruption after 1 year did not influence the overall gain in height SDS when compared with 2 years ' continuous treatment ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1921
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "26626",
"type": "Intervention_Psychological",
"text": [
"Intermittent recombinant growth hormone treatment"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
49
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26627",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"recombinant human growth hormone r-hGH"
],
"offsets": [
[
258,
296
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26628",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"TOTO regimen"
],
"offsets": [
[
832,
844
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26629",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"TOTO"
],
"offsets": [
[
832,
836
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26630",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"TTOO"
],
"offsets": [
[
921,
925
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26631",
"type": "Intervention_Psychological",
"text": [
"r-hGH treatment"
],
"offsets": [
[
541,
556
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26632",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"growth velocity"
],
"offsets": [
[
307,
322
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26633",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"growth velocity"
],
"offsets": [
[
307,
322
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26634",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"height velocity"
],
"offsets": [
[
684,
699
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26635",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"total gain of height"
],
"offsets": [
[
712,
732
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26636",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Height velocity HV"
],
"offsets": [
[
1005,
1023
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26637",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"total height gain"
],
"offsets": [
[
1028,
1045
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26638",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"HV"
],
"offsets": [
[
1021,
1023
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26639",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"HV standard deviation score HV-SDSCA"
],
"offsets": [
[
1118,
1154
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26640",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"gain in height standard deviation score H-SDSCA"
],
"offsets": [
[
1296,
1343
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26641",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"gain in H-SDSCA"
],
"offsets": [
[
1409,
1424
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26642",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"height"
],
"offsets": [
[
684,
690
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26643",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"rate of bone maturation"
],
"offsets": [
[
1591,
1614
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26644",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"growth"
],
"offsets": [
[
25,
31
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26645",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"overall gain in height SDS"
],
"offsets": [
[
1843,
1869
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26646",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"short children born small for gestational age :"
],
"offsets": [
[
53,
100
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26647",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"short children born small for gestational age SGA"
],
"offsets": [
[
203,
252
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26648",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"58"
],
"offsets": [
[
764,
766
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26649",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"growth-retarded SGA children aged 2-5 years were randomized"
],
"offsets": [
[
767,
826
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
26650 | 16784930 | [
{
"id": "26651",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Effects of levosimendan versus dobutamine on inflammatory and apoptotic pathways in acutely decompensated chronic heart failure . A single levosimendan administration has recently been shown to result in clinical and hemodynamic improvement in patients with decompensated heart failure ( HF ) , but without survival benefits . In this study , the effects of levosimendan and dobutamine on plasma levels of proinflammatory and proapoptotic mediators in decompensated HF were compared and correlated with the concomitant effects on cardiac function and prognosis . Sixty-nine patients were randomized to received 24-hour intravenous infusions of levosimendan ( n = 23 ) , dobutamine ( n = 23 ) , or placebo ( n = 23 ) . Echocardiographic , hemodynamic , and biochemical assessments were performed at baseline , immediately after treatment , and 48 hours later . Patients were subsequently followed for 4 months for disease progression . End-systolic wall stress , the left ventricular ejection fraction , pulmonary capillary wedge pressure , and cardiac index were significantly improved in the levosimendan group but remained practically unaffected in the other groups . Plasma N-terminal-pro-B-type natriuretic peptide , tumor necrosis factor-alpha , and soluble Fas ligand levels were significantly decreased only in the levosimendan group ( from 1,900 +/- 223 to 1,378 +/- 170 pg/ml , 13.4 +/- 1.0 to 12.3 +/- 1.2 pg/ml , and 68.2 +/- 3.7 to 59.8 +/- 3.6 pg/ml , respectively ; p < 0.05 for all ) ; interleukin-6 was also borderline reduced ( p = 0.051 ) . Levosimendan-induced reduction in end-systolic wall stress was significantly correlated with respective decreases in N-terminal-pro-B-type natriuretic peptide ( r = 0.671 , p < 0.01 ) , tumor necrosis factor-alpha ( r = 0.586 , p < 0.01 ) , soluble Fas ( r = 0.441 , p < 0.05 ) , and soluble Fas ligand ( r = 0.614 , p < 0.01 ) . Event-free survival was significantly longer in the levosimendan group ( p < 0.05 ) . In conclusion , the superiority of levosimendan over dobutamine in improving central hemodynamics and left ventricular performance in decompensated HF seems to be related to its anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2198
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "26652",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"levosimendan"
],
"offsets": [
[
11,
23
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26653",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"dobutamine"
],
"offsets": [
[
31,
41
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26654",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"levosimendan"
],
"offsets": [
[
11,
23
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26655",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"levosimendan"
],
"offsets": [
[
11,
23
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26656",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"dobutamine"
],
"offsets": [
[
31,
41
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26657",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"levosimendan"
],
"offsets": [
[
11,
23
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26658",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"dobutamine"
],
"offsets": [
[
31,
41
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26659",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
697,
704
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26660",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"levosimendan"
],
"offsets": [
[
11,
23
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26661",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"levosimendan"
],
"offsets": [
[
11,
23
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26662",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"levosimendan"
],
"offsets": [
[
11,
23
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26663",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"dobutamine"
],
"offsets": [
[
31,
41
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26664",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Echocardiographic , hemodynamic , and biochemical assessments"
],
"offsets": [
[
718,
779
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26665",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"End-systolic wall stress , the left ventricular ejection fraction , pulmonary capillary wedge pressure , and cardiac index"
],
"offsets": [
[
935,
1057
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26666",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Plasma N-terminal-pro-B-type natriuretic peptide , tumor necrosis factor-alpha , and soluble Fas ligand levels"
],
"offsets": [
[
1170,
1280
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26667",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"interleukin-6"
],
"offsets": [
[
1501,
1514
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26668",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Levosimendan-induced reduction in end-systolic wall stress"
],
"offsets": [
[
1559,
1617
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26669",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"N-terminal-pro-B-type natriuretic peptide"
],
"offsets": [
[
1177,
1218
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26670",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"tumor necrosis factor-alpha"
],
"offsets": [
[
1221,
1248
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26671",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"soluble Fas"
],
"offsets": [
[
1255,
1266
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26672",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"soluble Fas ligand"
],
"offsets": [
[
1255,
1273
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26673",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"Event-free survival"
],
"offsets": [
[
1889,
1908
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26674",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"central hemodynamics"
],
"offsets": [
[
2052,
2072
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26675",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"left ventricular performance"
],
"offsets": [
[
2077,
2105
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
26676 | 1678925 | [
{
"id": "26677",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"The safety and efficacy of terazosin in the treatment of essential hypertension in blacks . Terazosin , a new selective alpha 1-adrenergic receptor antagonist , has been found to be an effective antihypertensive agent . In a series of studies , the safety and efficacy of terazosin , alone and in combination with other antihypertensive agents , were evaluated in 1180 black patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension . Terazosin was effective in lowering blood pressure when administered alone ( in dosages of 1 to 80 mg/day ) and when prescribed ( in dosages of 1 to 20 mg/day ) in combination with other antihypertensive agents . In elderly black patients , terazosin , 1 to 10 mg daily , was as effective in lowering blood pressure as propranolol ( 40 to 120 mg twice daily ) . Changes ( mean +/- SE ) in sitting diastolic blood pressure from baseline were -8.1 +/- 1.4 mm Hg for terazosin and -5.0 +/- 1.5 mm Hg for propranolol . Terazosin ( 5 mg ) combined with methyclothiazide ( 2.5 to 5 mg ) produced a significantly greater ( p less than 0.01 ) antihypertensive effect than that of terazosin alone . Changes ( mean +/- SE ) in standing diastolic blood pressure from baseline were -7.9 +/- 2.0 mm Hg for terazosin alone , -15.1 +/- 2.1 mm Hg for terazosin plus 2.5 mg of methyclothiazide , and -15.0 +/- 2.0 mm Hg for terazosin plus 5 mg of methyclothiazide . Terazosin had a favorable effect on serum lipid levels and appeared to compensate for the negative lipid effects associated with diuretics and beta-blockers when used in combination with these agents . Terazosin , alone and combined with other antihypertensive agents , was well tolerated with minimal side effects in black hypertensive patients ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1727
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "26678",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"terazosin"
],
"offsets": [
[
27,
36
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26679",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Terazosin"
],
"offsets": [
[
92,
101
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26680",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"terazosin"
],
"offsets": [
[
27,
36
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26681",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"antihypertensive agents"
],
"offsets": [
[
320,
343
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26682",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Terazosin"
],
"offsets": [
[
92,
101
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26683",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"antihypertensive agents"
],
"offsets": [
[
320,
343
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26684",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"propranolol"
],
"offsets": [
[
750,
761
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26685",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"propranolol"
],
"offsets": [
[
750,
761
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26686",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Terazosin"
],
"offsets": [
[
92,
101
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26687",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"terazosin"
],
"offsets": [
[
27,
36
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26688",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"terazosin"
],
"offsets": [
[
27,
36
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26689",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"terazosin"
],
"offsets": [
[
27,
36
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26690",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"2.5 mg of methyclothiazide"
],
"offsets": [
[
1281,
1307
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26691",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"terazosin"
],
"offsets": [
[
27,
36
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26692",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"methyclothiazide"
],
"offsets": [
[
979,
995
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26693",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"blood pressure"
],
"offsets": [
[
467,
481
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26694",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"sitting diastolic blood pressure from baseline"
],
"offsets": [
[
820,
866
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26695",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"antihypertensive effect"
],
"offsets": [
[
1066,
1089
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26696",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"standing diastolic blood pressure from baseline"
],
"offsets": [
[
1148,
1195
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26697",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"serum lipid levels"
],
"offsets": [
[
1416,
1434
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26698",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"tolerated"
],
"offsets": [
[
1659,
1668
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26699",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"essential hypertension in blacks ."
],
"offsets": [
[
57,
91
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26700",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"1180"
],
"offsets": [
[
364,
368
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26701",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"mild to moderate essential hypertension"
],
"offsets": [
[
389,
428
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26702",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"elderly"
],
"offsets": [
[
647,
654
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26703",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"hypertensive"
],
"offsets": [
[
199,
211
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
26704 | 16791814 | [
{
"id": "26705",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"International Czech and Slovak cooperation in the treatment of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer . BACKGROUND The aim of this paper is to present our experience concerning cooperation in the treatment of Slovak patients with differentiated thyroid cancer in Slovak and Czech hospitals . The objectives of this study were to demonstrate the means of this cooperation and the results of therapy . MATERIAL AND METHODS From September 1991 to October 2005 in the Department of Nuclear Medicine in Ostrava 357 patients from the Slovak Republic with differentiated thyroid cancers ( follicular and papillary ) underwent complex therapy . They were diagnosed and operated due to the cancer ( near-total thyroidectomy and removal of lymph node metastases ) in Slovak hospitals . Then they were sent to the Department of Nuclear Medicine in Ostrava in the Czech Republic . In this department a radioiodine ablation of thyroid remnants , by means of the treatment amount of radioiodine of a standard activity of 3.7 GBq , was performed , and then a suppression and substitution therapy of thyroid hormones was started . After 3-6 months some patients were examined by means of diagnostic whole body scintigraphy after application of 300 MBq 131I . Some patients were treated by means of a standard activity of 7.4 GBq 131I and after 5 days whole body scintigraphy ( WBS ) was performed . In both of these groups of patients the diagnostic or therapeutic radioiodine application was done after withdrawal of thyroid hormone treatment . If thyroglobulin levels were low and WBSs were negative , patients were followed up in the Department of Nuclear Medicine in Martin . Patients with radioiodine accumulated metastases were again treated with radioiodine in Ostrava . If indicated , external radiation therapy targeted on the neck and upper mediastinum was performed in the Slovak Republic , in the University Hospital in Martin . Newly formed lymph node metastases were surgically treated in Slovakia , too . Generally we have very good treatment results . Also , economically our partnership is cost effective . Our collaboration also successfully continues after entrance of the Slovak Republic and the Czech Republic to the European Union in 2004 . CONCLUSIONS The results of this multi-centre study show that international Czech and Slovak cooperation in the complex therapy of patients with differentiated thyroid cancers is successful , with high efficacy . The treatment results were very similar to therapeutic results in our patients from the Czech Republic ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2568
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "26706",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"Czech and Slovak cooperation"
],
"offsets": [
[
14,
42
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26707",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"cooperation"
],
"offsets": [
[
31,
42
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26708",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"complex therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
624,
639
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26709",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"radioiodine"
],
"offsets": [
[
895,
906
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26710",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"radioiodine"
],
"offsets": [
[
895,
906
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26711",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"substitution therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
1065,
1085
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26712",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"radioiodine"
],
"offsets": [
[
895,
906
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26713",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"radioiodine"
],
"offsets": [
[
895,
906
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26714",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"radiation therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
1791,
1808
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26715",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"cooperation"
],
"offsets": [
[
31,
42
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26716",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"means of this cooperation"
],
"offsets": [
[
350,
375
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26717",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"diagnostic whole body scintigraphy"
],
"offsets": [
[
1177,
1211
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26718",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"thyroglobulin levels"
],
"offsets": [
[
1538,
1558
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26719",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"WBSs"
],
"offsets": [
[
1572,
1576
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26720",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"good treatment results"
],
"offsets": [
[
2032,
2054
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26721",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"cost effective"
],
"offsets": [
[
2096,
2110
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26722",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"differentiated thyroid cancer"
],
"offsets": [
[
77,
106
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26723",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"differentiated thyroid cancer"
],
"offsets": [
[
77,
106
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26724",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"357"
],
"offsets": [
[
511,
514
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26725",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"differentiated thyroid cancers ( follicular and papillary )"
],
"offsets": [
[
554,
613
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
26726 | 16792607 | [
{
"id": "26727",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Paraesthesia during the needle-through-needle and the double segment technique for combined spinal epidural anaesthesia . Paraesthesia during regional anaesthesia is an unpleasant sensation for patients and , more importantly , in some cases it is related to neurological injury . Relatively few studies have been conducted on the frequency of paraesthesia during combined spinal epidural anaesthesia . We compared two combined spinal epidural anaesthesia techniques : the needle-through-needle technique and the double segment technique in this respect . We randomly allocated 116 parturients undergoing elective Caesarean section to receive anaesthesia using one of these techniques . Both techniques were performed using a 27G pencil point needle , an 18G Tuohy needle , and a 20G multiport epidural catheter from the same manufacturer . The overall frequency of paraesthesia was higher in the needle-through-needle technique group ( 56.9 % vs. 31.6 % , p = 0.011 ) . The frequency of paraesthesia at spinal needle insertion was 20.7 % in the needle-through-needle technique group and 8.8 % in the double segment technique group ; whereas the frequency of paraesthesia at epidural catheter insertion was 46.6 % in the needle-through-needle technique group and 24.6 % in the double segment technique group ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1309
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "26728",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"needle-through-needle"
],
"offsets": [
[
24,
45
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26729",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"double segment technique"
],
"offsets": [
[
54,
78
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26730",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"spinal epidural anaesthesia"
],
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[
92,
119
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26731",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"the needle-through-needle technique and the double segment technique"
],
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469,
537
]
],
"normalized": []
},
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"id": "26732",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
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"anaesthesia"
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108,
119
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],
"normalized": []
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"id": "26733",
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"27G pencil point needle , an 18G Tuohy needle , and a 20G multiport epidural catheter"
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726,
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473,
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"id": "26735",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
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"needle-through-needle"
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24,
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],
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"id": "26736",
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"double segment"
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54,
68
]
],
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"needle-through-needle technique"
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473,
504
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"id": "26738",
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"double segment"
],
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[
54,
68
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],
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},
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"id": "26739",
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"overall frequency of paraesthesia"
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[
845,
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]
],
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"id": "26740",
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"frequency of paraesthesia"
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331,
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],
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"id": "26741",
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"frequency of paraesthesia"
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[
331,
356
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],
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},
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"id": "26742",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"116 parturients undergoing elective Caesarean section to receive anaesthesia using one of these techniques ."
],
"offsets": [
[
578,
686
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
26743 | 16794504 | [
{
"id": "26744",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"POG 8625 : a randomized trial comparing chemotherapy with chemoradiotherapy for children and adolescents with Stages I , IIA , IIIA1 Hodgkin Disease : a report from the Children 's Oncology Group . To determine if 6 courses of chemotherapy alone could achieve the same or better outcome than 4 courses of chemotherapy followed by radiation therapy ( chemoradiotherapy ) in pediatric and adolescent patients with Hodgkin disease . Children < or =21 years old with biopsy-proven , pathologically staged I , IIA , or IIIA1 Hodgkin disease were randomly assigned 6 courses of alternating nitrogen mustard , oncovin , prednisone , and procarbazine/doxorubicin , bleomycin , vinblastine , and dacarbazine ( treatment 1 ) or 4 courses of alternating nitrogen mustard , oncovin , prednisone , and procarbazine/doxorubicin , bleomycin , vinblastine , and dacarbazine +2550 cGy involved-field radiotherapy ( treatment 2 ) . The complete response rate was 89 % , with a complete response and partial response rate of 99.4 % . There was no statistically significant difference in event-free survival ( EFS ) or overall survival between arms . The EFS for those who achieved an early complete response was significantly higher than for those who did not . For pediatric patients with asymptomatic low-stage and intermediate-stage Hodgkin disease , chemotherapy and chemoradiotherapy both resulted in 3-year EFS of approximately 90 % and statistically indistinguishable 8-year EFS and overall survival , without significant long-term toxicity . Early response to therapy was associated with higher EFS , a concept that has led to the Children 's Oncology Group paradigm of response-based risk-adapted therapy for pediatric Hodgkin disease ."
],
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[
0,
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]
]
}
] | [
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"id": "26745",
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"chemotherapy"
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40,
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"id": "26746",
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58,
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40,
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40,
52
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"radiation therapy ( chemoradiotherapy )"
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330,
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]
],
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"id": "26750",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
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572,
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]
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"id": "26751",
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584,
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]
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"id": "26752",
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603,
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]
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"id": "26753",
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"prednisone"
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613,
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"id": "26754",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
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"procarbazine/doxorubicin"
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630,
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]
],
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},
{
"id": "26755",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
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"bleomycin"
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657,
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]
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},
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"id": "26756",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
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"vinblastine"
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669,
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]
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"id": "26757",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
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"dacarbazine +2550 cGy"
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846,
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]
],
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},
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"id": "26758",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
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"radiotherapy ( treatment 2 ) ."
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883,
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40,
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58,
75
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],
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},
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"id": "26761",
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"event-free survival ( EFS ) or overall survival"
],
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1068,
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]
],
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},
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"id": "26762",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
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"EFS"
],
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1090,
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]
],
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},
{
"id": "26763",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
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"complete response"
],
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918,
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]
],
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},
{
"id": "26764",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
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"3-year EFS"
],
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1387,
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]
],
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},
{
"id": "26765",
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"8-year EFS"
],
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1456,
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]
],
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},
{
"id": "26766",
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"overall survival"
],
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[
1099,
1115
]
],
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},
{
"id": "26767",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"long-term toxicity ."
],
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[
1510,
1530
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26768",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"response to therapy"
],
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1537,
1556
]
],
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},
{
"id": "26769",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
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"EFS"
],
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1090,
1093
]
],
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},
{
"id": "26770",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
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"Stages I , IIA , IIIA1 Hodgkin Disease"
],
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[
110,
148
]
],
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},
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"id": "26771",
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"pediatric"
],
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[
373,
382
]
],
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},
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"id": "26772",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"adolescent"
],
"offsets": [
[
93,
103
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26773",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Hodgkin disease"
],
"offsets": [
[
412,
427
]
],
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},
{
"id": "26774",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"Children"
],
"offsets": [
[
169,
177
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26775",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"biopsy-proven , pathologically staged I , IIA , or IIIA1 Hodgkin disease"
],
"offsets": [
[
463,
535
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26776",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"pediatric"
],
"offsets": [
[
373,
382
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26777",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"asymptomatic low-stage and intermediate-stage Hodgkin disease"
],
"offsets": [
[
1271,
1332
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
26778 | 16794570 | [
{
"id": "26779",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Modulation of human motor cortex excitability by single doses of amantadine . Amantadine-sulfate has been used for several decades to treat acute influenza A , Parkinson 's disease ( PD ) , and acute or chronic drug-induced dyskinesia . Several mechanisms of actions detected in vivo/in vitro including N-methyl-D-aspartate ( NMDA ) -receptor antagonism , blockage of potassium channels , dopamine receptor agonism , enhancement of noradrenergic release , and anticholinergic effects have been described . We used transcranial magnetic stimulation ( TMS ) to evaluate the effect of single doses of amantadine on human motor cortex excitability in normal subjects . Using a double-blind , placebo-controlled , crossover study design , motor thresholds , recruitment curves , cortical stimulation-induced silent period ( CSP ) , short intracortical inhibition ( ICI ) , intracortical facilitation ( ICF ) , and late inhibition ( L-ICI ) in 14 healthy subjects were investigated after oral doses of 50 and 100 mg amantadine with single and paired pulse TMS paradigms . Spinal cord excitability was investigated by distal latencies and M-amplitudes of the abductor digiti minimi muscle . After intake of amantadine , a significant dose-dependent decrease of ICF was noticed as well as a significant increase of L-ICI as compared to placebo . The effect on ICF and L-ICI significantly correlated with amantadine serum levels . ICI was slightly increased after amantadine intake , but the effect failed to be significant . Furthermore , amantadine had no significant effects on motor thresholds , MEP recruitment curves , CSP , or peripheral excitability . In conclusion , a low dose of amantadine is sufficient in modulating human motor cortex excitability . The decrease of ICF and increase of L-ICI may reflect glutamatergic modulation or a polysynaptic interaction of glutamatergic and GABA-ergic circuits . Although amantadine has several mechanisms of action , the NMDA-receptor antagonism seems to be the most relevant effect on cortical excitability . As L-ICI can be influenced by this type of drug , it may be an interesting parameter for studies of motor learning and use-dependent plasticity ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2199
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "26780",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"amantadine"
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"offsets": [
[
65,
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]
],
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},
{
"id": "26781",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Amantadine-sulfate"
],
"offsets": [
[
78,
96
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26782",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"transcranial magnetic stimulation ( TMS )"
],
"offsets": [
[
514,
555
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26783",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"amantadine"
],
"offsets": [
[
65,
75
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26784",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo-controlled"
],
"offsets": [
[
688,
706
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26785",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"oral doses of 50 and 100 mg amantadine"
],
"offsets": [
[
982,
1020
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26786",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"single and paired pulse TMS paradigms"
],
"offsets": [
[
1026,
1063
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26787",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"amantadine"
],
"offsets": [
[
65,
75
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26788",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"amantadine"
],
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[
65,
75
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26789",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"amantadine"
],
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[
65,
75
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26790",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"amantadine"
],
"offsets": [
[
65,
75
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26791",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"amantadine"
],
"offsets": [
[
65,
75
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26792",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"amantadine"
],
"offsets": [
[
65,
75
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26793",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Modulation of human motor cortex excitability"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
45
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26794",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"N-methyl-D-aspartate"
],
"offsets": [
[
303,
323
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26795",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"antagonism"
],
"offsets": [
[
343,
353
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26796",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"cortex"
],
"offsets": [
[
26,
32
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26797",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Spinal cord excitability"
],
"offsets": [
[
1066,
1090
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26798",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"M-amplitudes"
],
"offsets": [
[
1132,
1144
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26799",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"ICF"
],
"offsets": [
[
897,
900
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26800",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"L-ICI"
],
"offsets": [
[
927,
932
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26801",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"ICF"
],
"offsets": [
[
897,
900
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26802",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"L-ICI"
],
"offsets": [
[
927,
932
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26803",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"ICI"
],
"offsets": [
[
860,
863
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26804",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"motor thresholds"
],
"offsets": [
[
734,
750
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26805",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"MEP recruitment curves"
],
"offsets": [
[
1591,
1613
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26806",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"CSP"
],
"offsets": [
[
819,
822
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26807",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"peripheral excitability ."
],
"offsets": [
[
1625,
1650
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26808",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"modulating human motor cortex excitability"
],
"offsets": [
[
1709,
1751
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26809",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"ICF"
],
"offsets": [
[
897,
900
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26810",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"L-ICI"
],
"offsets": [
[
927,
932
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26811",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"cortical excitability"
],
"offsets": [
[
2030,
2051
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26812",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"L-ICI"
],
"offsets": [
[
927,
932
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26813",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"normal"
],
"offsets": [
[
647,
653
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26814",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"14"
],
"offsets": [
[
938,
940
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26815",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"healthy"
],
"offsets": [
[
941,
948
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
26816 | 16797292 | [
{
"id": "26817",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"The impact of daily sodium intake on posttransplant hypertension in kidney allograft recipients . INTRODUCTION Posttransplant hypertension is a well-known risk factor for long-term allograft failure and mortality in kidney recipients . Although dietary sodium restriction is a widely recommended nonpharmacological measure for control of blood pressure ( BP ) , no detailed investigation has been conducted regarding the impact of dietary sodium restriction on this condition . METHODS Thirty-two patients on antihypertensive treatment completed the study . They were randomly divided into two groups : controls ( group 1 ) versus strict sodium diet ( group 2 ; 80 to 100 mmol sodium daily ) . After randomization , 24-hour urine for sodium measurement , BP , and allograft functions were recorded at baseline and after 3 months . BP treatment was reevaluated at each visit throughout the study . RESULTS At baseline , there was no significant difference in age , sex , serum creatinine , systolic and diastolic BP , antihypertensive drugs , or 24-hour urinary sodium levels between the groups . After 3 months , daily urinary sodium excretion ( from 190+/-75 to 106+/-48 mEq/d , P < .0001 ) , systolic BP ( from 146+/-21 to 116+/-11 mm Hg ) , and diastolic BP ( from 89+/-8 to 72+/-10 mm Hg ) had significantly decreased in group 2 , while no significant changes were observed in group 1 . CONCLUSION Low sodium intake in combination with antihypertensive treatment appears to efficiently control BP in kidney allograft recipients with hypertension . Twenty-four-hour urinary sodium excretion should be checked regularly in these patients as a useful marker to indicate whether the patient complies with low sodium intake ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1724
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "26818",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"sodium"
],
"offsets": [
[
20,
26
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26819",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"controls"
],
"offsets": [
[
603,
611
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26820",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"strict sodium diet"
],
"offsets": [
[
631,
649
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26821",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"sodium"
],
"offsets": [
[
20,
26
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26822",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"posttransplant hypertension"
],
"offsets": [
[
37,
64
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26823",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Posttransplant hypertension"
],
"offsets": [
[
111,
138
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26824",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"blood pressure ( BP )"
],
"offsets": [
[
338,
359
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26825",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"24-hour urine for sodium measurement , BP , and allograft functions"
],
"offsets": [
[
716,
783
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26826",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"serum creatinine"
],
"offsets": [
[
970,
986
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26827",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"systolic"
],
"offsets": [
[
989,
997
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26828",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"diastolic BP"
],
"offsets": [
[
1002,
1014
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26829",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"antihypertensive drugs"
],
"offsets": [
[
1017,
1039
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26830",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"24-hour urinary sodium levels"
],
"offsets": [
[
1045,
1074
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26831",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"daily urinary sodium excretion"
],
"offsets": [
[
1113,
1143
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26832",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"systolic BP"
],
"offsets": [
[
1194,
1205
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26833",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"diastolic BP"
],
"offsets": [
[
1002,
1014
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26834",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"control BP"
],
"offsets": [
[
1490,
1500
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26835",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"posttransplant hypertension in kidney allograft recipients ."
],
"offsets": [
[
37,
97
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26836",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"kidney recipients ."
],
"offsets": [
[
216,
235
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26837",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Thirty-two patients on antihypertensive treatment completed the study ."
],
"offsets": [
[
486,
557
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26838",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"kidney allograft recipients"
],
"offsets": [
[
68,
95
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
26839 | 16801333 | [
{
"id": "26840",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Factors that influence cancer patients ' anxiety following a medical consultation : impact of a communication skills training programme for physicians . BACKGROUND No study has yet assessed the impact of physicians ' skills acquisition after a communication skills training programme on the evolution of patients ' anxiety following a medical consultation . This study aimed to compare the impact , on patients ' anxiety , of a basic communication skills training programme ( BT ) and the same programme consolidated by consolidation workshops ( CW ) , and to investigate physicians ' communication variables associated with patients ' anxiety . PATIENTS AND METHODS Physicians , after attending the BT , were randomly assigned to CW or to a waiting list . The control group was not a non-intervention group . Consultations with a cancer patient were recorded . Patients ' anxiety was assessed with the State Trait Anxiety Inventory before and after a consultation . Communication skills were analysed according to the Cancer Research Campaign Workshop Evaluation Manual . RESULTS No statistically significant change over time and between groups was observed . Mixed-effects modelling showed that a decrease in patients ' anxiety was linked with screening questions ( P = 0.045 ) , physicians ' satisfaction about support given ( P = 0.004 ) and with patients ' distress ( P < 0.001 ) . An increase in anxiety was linked with breaking bad news ( P = 0.050 ) and with supportive skills ( P = 0.013 ) . No impact of the training programme was observed . CONCLUSIONS This study shows the influence of some communication skills on the evolution of patients ' anxiety . Physicians should be aware of these influences ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1713
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "26841",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"communication skills training programme"
],
"offsets": [
[
96,
135
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26842",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"communication skills training programme"
],
"offsets": [
[
96,
135
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26843",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"basic communication skills training programme ( BT )"
],
"offsets": [
[
428,
480
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26844",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"consolidation workshops"
],
"offsets": [
[
520,
543
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26845",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"BT"
],
"offsets": [
[
476,
478
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26846",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"CW"
],
"offsets": [
[
546,
548
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26847",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"waiting list"
],
"offsets": [
[
742,
754
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26848",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"anxiety"
],
"offsets": [
[
41,
48
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26849",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"anxiety"
],
"offsets": [
[
41,
48
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26850",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"State Trait Anxiety Inventory"
],
"offsets": [
[
903,
932
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26851",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"Communication skills"
],
"offsets": [
[
967,
987
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26852",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"time"
],
"offsets": [
[
1122,
1126
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26853",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"physicians ' satisfaction"
],
"offsets": [
[
1282,
1307
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26854",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"patients ' anxiety"
],
"offsets": [
[
30,
48
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26855",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"cancer patients ' anxiety"
],
"offsets": [
[
23,
48
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26856",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Physicians"
],
"offsets": [
[
667,
677
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
26857 | 16802487 | [
{
"id": "26858",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Recovery after prolonged anaesthesia for acoustic neuroma surgery : desflurane versus isoflurane . In this study , 33 patients were randomly assigned to receive desflurane ( D ) or isoflurane ( I ) for acoustic neuroma surgery . The time from end of the procedure to spontaneous breathing , extubation , eye-opening , hand-squeezing to command , and ability to state name , birthdate and phone number were recorded . The Steward recovery score was also recorded every five minutes during the first 20 minutes postoperatively and then every 10 to 15 minutes . Groups were similar regarding patient characteristics , depth of anaesthesia , sufentanil total dose , anaesthesia duration ( D : 349.1 +/- 19.1 min ; I : 349.2 +/- 22.9 min ) , haemodynamic/respiratory parameters , and surgical conditions ( assessed by a bleeding score ) . The emergence time in the D group was significantly faster than the I group ( D : 14.9 +/- 2.4 min vs I : 29.2 +/- 2.4 min for eye-opening ) . Full recovery also occurred earlier in the D group ( D : 22.1 +/- 3.1 min vs I : 37.6 +/- 4.0 min , P < 0.005 for stating name ) . Steward recovery scores were also better during the first postoperative hour in the D group ( D : 40 min vs I : 90 min , P < 0.005 for 100 % of patients with Steward score of 6 ) . The results indicate that desflurane is associated with similar operating conditions and faster postoperative recovery following acoustic neuroma surgery . The faster recovery following desflurane may be desirable after long surgical procedures , enabling the patient 's full cooperation and facilitating early diagnosis of any potential neurological deficit ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1649
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "26859",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"desflurane"
],
"offsets": [
[
68,
78
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26860",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"isoflurane"
],
"offsets": [
[
86,
96
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26861",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"desflurane"
],
"offsets": [
[
68,
78
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26862",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"isoflurane"
],
"offsets": [
[
86,
96
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26863",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"acoustic neuroma surgery"
],
"offsets": [
[
41,
65
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26864",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Recovery"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
8
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26865",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"emergence time"
],
"offsets": [
[
838,
852
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26866",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Full recovery"
],
"offsets": [
[
977,
990
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26867",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Steward recovery scores"
],
"offsets": [
[
1108,
1131
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26868",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"postoperative recovery"
],
"offsets": [
[
1385,
1407
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26869",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"recovery"
],
"offsets": [
[
429,
437
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26870",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"prolonged anaesthesia"
],
"offsets": [
[
15,
36
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26871",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"acoustic neuroma surgery"
],
"offsets": [
[
41,
65
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26872",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"33"
],
"offsets": [
[
115,
117
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26873",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"acoustic neuroma surgery"
],
"offsets": [
[
41,
65
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26874",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"acoustic neuroma"
],
"offsets": [
[
41,
57
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
26875 | 16804044 | [
{
"id": "26876",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Psychological well-being correlates with free thyroxine but not free 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine levels in patients on thyroid hormone replacement . CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE An association between mood disorders and overt thyroid dysfunction is well established , but there are few data on the potential for thyroid hormone levels closer to the reference range to correlate with psychological well-being . DESIGN , SETTING , AND PATIENTS We analyzed the relationship between psychological well-being and free T ( 4 ) ( fT4 ) , free T ( 3 ) ( fT3 ) , TSH , and total rT ( 3 ) in 697 patients on thyroid hormone replacement therapy at entry to a randomized , controlled trial of combined T ( 4 ) and T ( 3 ) replacement therapy . All patients were on 100 mug or more T ( 4 ) . INTERVENTIONS AND MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Psychological well-being was assessed with General Health Questionnaire-12 ( GHQ-12 ) , Thyroid Symptom Questionnaire , and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale . RESULTS fT ( 4 ) and TSH showed a strong correlation with GHQ-12 scores ( fT4 - b : -0.16 , P = 0.005 ; TSH - b : 0.663 , P = 0.04 ) . No correlations were seen between the GHQ scores and fT3 ( b : 0.318 , P = 0.275 ) , rT ( 3 ) ( b : 0.095 , P = 0.95 ) , rT ( 3 ) to fT4 ratio ( b : 71.83 , P = 0.09 ) or fT3 to rT ( 3 ) ratio ( b : 0.05 , P = 0.32 ) . The correlations remained when the data set was limited to patients with TSH in the range 0.3-4.0 mIU/liter . Similar correlations were seen with the Thyroid Symptom Questionnaire , although not with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale scores . CONCLUSIONS Differences in fT4 and TSH concentration , even within the reference range , may be a determinant of psychological well-being in treated hypothyroid patients although not necessarily with symptoms typical of anxiety or depression ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1820
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "26877",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"thyroid hormone replacement therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
587,
622
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26878",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"combined T ( 4 ) and T ( 3 ) replacement therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
670,
718
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26879",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"Psychological well-being"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
24
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26880",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"General Health Questionnaire-12 ( GHQ-12 )"
],
"offsets": [
[
851,
893
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26881",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"Thyroid Symptom Questionnaire"
],
"offsets": [
[
896,
925
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26882",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"Hospital Anxiety"
],
"offsets": [
[
932,
948
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26883",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"Depression Scale"
],
"offsets": [
[
953,
969
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26884",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Thyroid Symptom Questionnaire"
],
"offsets": [
[
896,
925
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26885",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale scores"
],
"offsets": [
[
1530,
1574
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26886",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"thyroid hormone replacement"
],
"offsets": [
[
115,
142
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26887",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"697"
],
"offsets": [
[
571,
574
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26888",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"thyroid hormone replacement therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
587,
622
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26889",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"hypothyroid"
],
"offsets": [
[
1726,
1737
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
26890 | 16806442 | [
{
"id": "26891",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Pelvic lymphadenectomy for cervical carcinoma : laparotomy extraperitoneal , transperitoneal or laparoscopic approach ? A randomized study . OBJECTIVE To compare transperitoneal , extraperitoneal and laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy in terms of feasibility and morbidity in patients affected by cervical cancer undergoing radical hysterectomy . METHODS Consecutive patients affected by stage IB-IIB cervical carcinoma scheduled for radical surgery entered the study . Patients were randomly assigned to transperitoneal ( TPL ) , extraperitoneal ( EPL ) or laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy ( LPL ) . All patients underwent classical radical hysterectomy . Perioperative data were recorded . Follow up examinations were performed at the 15th , 30th and 60th day after surgery . RESULTS 168 patients entered the study . The mean operative times were : 63+/-7.6 , 54+/-6.7 and 75+/-8.4 min ( TPL vs EPL P < 0.001 ; EPL vs LPL P < 0.001 ; TPL vs LPL P < 0.001 ) for TPL , EPL and LPL respectively . The feasibility of the procedures , analyzed on an intention-to-treat basis , was 96 % , 93 % and 95 % for TPL , EPL and LPL group respectively ( P=ns ) . The average hospitalizations were : 5.6+/-0.9 , 3.2+/-0.4 and 3.1+/-0.3 days ( TPL vs EPL P < 0.001 ; TPL vs LPL P < 0.001 ) for TPL , EPL and LPL respectively . CONCLUSIONS EPL and LPL are as feasible and effective as TPL and can be adequately performed with a reasonable complication rate . LPL showed a statistically significant longer operative time . However , both EPL and LPL can minimize some postoperative complications reducing length of stay ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1609
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "26892",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"radical surgery"
],
"offsets": [
[
435,
450
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26893",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"transperitoneal ( TPL )"
],
"offsets": [
[
506,
529
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26894",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"extraperitoneal ( EPL )"
],
"offsets": [
[
532,
555
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26895",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy ( LPL )"
],
"offsets": [
[
559,
602
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26896",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"classical radical hysterectomy"
],
"offsets": [
[
628,
658
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26897",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"TPL"
],
"offsets": [
[
524,
527
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26898",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"EPL"
],
"offsets": [
[
550,
553
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26899",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"TPL"
],
"offsets": [
[
524,
527
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26900",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"LPL"
],
"offsets": [
[
597,
600
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26901",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"TPL"
],
"offsets": [
[
524,
527
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26902",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"EPL"
],
"offsets": [
[
550,
553
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26903",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"LPL"
],
"offsets": [
[
597,
600
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26904",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"TPL"
],
"offsets": [
[
524,
527
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26905",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"EPL"
],
"offsets": [
[
550,
553
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26906",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"LPL"
],
"offsets": [
[
597,
600
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26907",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"TPL"
],
"offsets": [
[
524,
527
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26908",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"EPL"
],
"offsets": [
[
550,
553
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26909",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"TPL"
],
"offsets": [
[
524,
527
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26910",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"LPL"
],
"offsets": [
[
597,
600
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26911",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"TPL"
],
"offsets": [
[
524,
527
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26912",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"EPL"
],
"offsets": [
[
550,
553
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26913",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"LPL"
],
"offsets": [
[
597,
600
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26914",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"EPL"
],
"offsets": [
[
550,
553
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26915",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"LPL"
],
"offsets": [
[
597,
600
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26916",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"TPL"
],
"offsets": [
[
524,
527
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26917",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"LPL"
],
"offsets": [
[
597,
600
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26918",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"EPL"
],
"offsets": [
[
550,
553
]
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{
"id": "26919",
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"text": [
"LPL"
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597,
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]
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},
{
"id": "26920",
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"feasibility and morbidity"
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248,
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]
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"id": "26921",
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"examinations"
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706,
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827,
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]
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"id": "26923",
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1004,
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"id": "26924",
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"average hospitalizations"
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1159,
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]
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},
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"id": "26925",
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"feasible"
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1348,
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]
],
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},
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"id": "26926",
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"effective"
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1361,
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"id": "26927",
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"operative time"
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832,
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]
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"id": "26928",
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"length of stay"
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1593,
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{
"id": "26929",
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"cervical carcinoma"
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27,
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]
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"id": "26930",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"168"
],
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790,
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]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
26931 | 16822100 | [
{
"id": "26932",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Randomized comparison of two communication interventions for preschoolers with autism spectrum disorders . This randomized group experiment compared the efficacy of 2 communication interventions ( Responsive Education and Prelinguistic Milieu Teaching [ RPMT ] and the Picture Exchange Communication System [ PECS ] ) in 36 preschoolers with autism spectrum disorders . Each treatment was delivered 3 times per week , in 20-min sessions , for 6 months . The results revealed that the RPMT facilitated the frequency of generalized turn taking and generalized initiating joint attention more than did the PECS . The latter effect occurred only for children who began treatment with at least some initiating joint attention . In contrast , the PECS facilitated generalized requests more than the RPMT in children with very little initiating joint attention prior to treatment . These effect sizes were large ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
906
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "26933",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"2 communication interventions ( Responsive Education and Prelinguistic Milieu Teaching [ RPMT ] and the Picture Exchange Communication System [ PECS ]"
],
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165,
315
]
],
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"id": "26934",
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"RPMT"
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254,
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]
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},
{
"id": "26935",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"PECS"
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309,
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"id": "26936",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
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"id": "26937",
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"id": "26938",
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"id": "26939",
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"generalized requests"
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758,
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"id": "26940",
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"initiating joint attention"
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558,
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"id": "26941",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"effect sizes"
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[
881,
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]
],
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},
{
"id": "26942",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"large"
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[
899,
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]
],
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},
{
"id": "26943",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"preschoolers"
],
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[
61,
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]
],
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"id": "26944",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"autism spectrum disorders"
],
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79,
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]
],
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"id": "26945",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"36"
],
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[
321,
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]
],
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},
{
"id": "26946",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"autism spectrum disorders ."
],
"offsets": [
[
79,
106
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
26947 | 16824559 | [
{
"id": "26948",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Analysis of face gaze in autism using \" Bubbles \" . One of the components of abnormal social functioning in autism is an impaired ability to direct eye gaze onto other people 's faces in social situations . Here , we investigated the relationship between gaze onto the eye and mouth regions of faces , and the visual information that was present within those regions . We used the \" Bubbles \" method to vary the facial information available on any given trial by revealing only small parts of the face , and measured the eye movements made as participants viewed these stimuli . Compared to ten IQ- and age-matched healthy controls , eight participants with autism showed less fixation specificity to the eyes and mouth , a greater tendency to saccade away from the eyes when information was present in those regions , and abnormal directionality of saccades . The findings provide novel detail to the abnormal way in which people with autism look at faces , an impairment that likely influences all subsequent face processing ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1028
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "26949",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"face gaze"
],
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12,
21
]
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},
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"id": "26950",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"\""
],
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38,
39
]
],
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},
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"id": "26951",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"Bubbles \" method"
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383,
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]
],
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},
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"id": "26952",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"gaze onto the eye and mouth regions of faces"
],
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[
255,
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]
],
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},
{
"id": "26953",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"eye movements"
],
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[
521,
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]
],
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},
{
"id": "26954",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"fixation specificity"
],
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677,
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},
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"id": "26955",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"autism"
],
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25,
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]
],
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},
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"id": "26956",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"autism"
],
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25,
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]
],
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},
{
"id": "26957",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Compared to ten IQ- and age-matched healthy controls , eight participants with autism"
],
"offsets": [
[
579,
664
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
26958 | 16824797 | [
{
"id": "26959",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Effects of two different short-term training programs on the physical and technical abilities of adolescent basketball players . This study evaluated and compared the effectiveness of two different off-season , short-term basketball training programs on physical and technical abilities of young basketball players . Twenty-seven adolescent basketball players ( 14.7+/-0.5 years ; Tanner stage : 3.5+/-0.5 ) were randomly divided into a specialized basketball training group ( SP , n=10 ) , a mixed basketball plus conditioning training group ( MX , n=10 ) and a control group ( n=7 ) . Training included five sessions per week ( 100-120 min each ) and was performed for 4 weeks . Maximal oxygen uptake was similarly improved after SP ( 4.9+/-1.8 % ) and MX ( 4.9+/-1.4 % ) , but there was no effect on ventilatory threshold . Peak and mean power output measured during the Wingate test were also improved by a similar magnitude after SP ( 21+/-5 % ) and MX ( 15+/-6 % ) . Trunk muscle endurance was equally increased ( SP : 23+/-4 % , MX : 25+/-5 % ) , but arms endurance was improved significantly more after MX ( 50+/-11 % ) compared to SP ( 11+/-14 % , p < 0.05 ) . Performance in four basketball technical skills was similarly increased ( by 17-27 % ) in both groups , with a tendency for greater improvement of the SP groups in the technical skills of shooting and passing . These results indicate that a SP basketball training program , performed exclusively on-court was as effective as a MX training program in terms of aerobic and anaerobic fitness improvement . Furthermore , the decrease of the total on-court training time in the MX group resulted in a tendency for a smaller improvement of basketball technical skills . In conclusion , both SP and MX training are equally effective in order to limit and/or reverse the detraining effects that occur during the off-season in basketball ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1900
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "26960",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"short-term training programs"
],
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25,
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]
],
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{
"id": "26961",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"off-season , short-term basketball training programs"
],
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[
198,
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]
],
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},
{
"id": "26962",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"specialized basketball training group"
],
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[
437,
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]
],
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},
{
"id": "26963",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"a mixed basketball plus conditioning training group"
],
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[
491,
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]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26964",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"control group"
],
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[
563,
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]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26965",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"Training"
],
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[
587,
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]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26966",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Maximal oxygen uptake"
],
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[
681,
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]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26967",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"ventilatory threshold"
],
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[
803,
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]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26968",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Peak and mean power output"
],
"offsets": [
[
827,
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]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26969",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Trunk muscle endurance"
],
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[
973,
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]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26970",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"arms endurance"
],
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[
1058,
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]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26971",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"Performance"
],
"offsets": [
[
1170,
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]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26972",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"basketball technical skills"
],
"offsets": [
[
1190,
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]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26973",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"shooting and passing"
],
"offsets": [
[
1358,
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]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26974",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"young basketball players ."
],
"offsets": [
[
290,
316
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
26975 | 1682643 | [
{
"id": "26976",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Specific immunoglobulin for treatment of whooping cough . Immunoglobulin treatment for whooping cough ( pertussis ) is widely believed to be ineffective although there are sound reasons for regarding the condition as a toxin-induced disease . We wondered whether the lack of success with pertussis immunoglobulins might be attributable to inadequate dose , so we designed a randomised , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial of two immunoglobulin preparations . The study was conducted at three Swedish hospitals . We enrolled 73 children aged less than 36 months who were admitted with a clinical diagnosis of whooping cough . On admission they were assigned to one of three groups : ( a ) monocomponent pertussis toxoid vaccine ; ( b ) two-component acellular vaccine also containing filamentous haemagglutinin ; or ( c ) 20 % albumin solution ( placebo ) . The immunoglobulins had a high antitoxin content and had been raised with acellular pertussis vaccines . Diagnosis of pertussis was confirmed by laboratory tests and the follow-up was completed in 67 children . The main study group consisted of 47 children with less than or equal to 14 days of disease before therapy . Duration of whoops post-treatment was 8.7 days ( 95 % Cl 4.8 , 12.6 ) in the 33 children receiving immunoglobulin vs 20.6 ( 95 % Cl 11.9 , 29.3 ) in the 14 receiving placebo ( p = 0.0041 ) . Mean number of whoops during the first week of follow-up was also significantly reduced ( p = 0.0196 ) . We found that early treatment was important , since the effect on duration of whoops was most pronounced when disease duration before treatment was less than or equal to 7 days . There were no significant differences between the two immunoglobulin preparations . High-dose specific pertussis immunoglobulin with a high antitoxin concentration has a beneficial effect in the treatment of whooping cough ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1881
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "26977",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"Specific immunoglobulin"
],
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[
0,
23
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26978",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"Immunoglobulin"
],
"offsets": [
[
58,
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]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26979",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"immunoglobulins"
],
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[
298,
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]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26980",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo-controlled"
],
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[
402,
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]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26981",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"monocomponent pertussis toxoid vaccine"
],
"offsets": [
[
693,
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]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26982",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"two-component acellular vaccine also containing filamentous haemagglutinin"
],
"offsets": [
[
740,
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]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26983",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"20 %"
],
"offsets": [
[
826,
830
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26984",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"albumin solution"
],
"offsets": [
[
831,
847
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26985",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"( placebo )"
],
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[
848,
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]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26986",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"immunoglobulins"
],
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[
298,
313
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26987",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"immunoglobulin"
],
"offsets": [
[
9,
23
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26988",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
402,
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]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26989",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"immunoglobulin"
],
"offsets": [
[
9,
23
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26990",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"ineffective"
],
"offsets": [
[
141,
152
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26991",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"lack of success"
],
"offsets": [
[
267,
282
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26992",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Duration of whoops post-treatment"
],
"offsets": [
[
1182,
1215
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26993",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Mean number of whoops"
],
"offsets": [
[
1373,
1394
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26994",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"beneficial effect"
],
"offsets": [
[
1827,
1844
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26995",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"whooping cough"
],
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[
41,
55
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26996",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"73"
],
"offsets": [
[
529,
531
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26997",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children aged less than 36 months"
],
"offsets": [
[
532,
565
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26998",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"whooping cough"
],
"offsets": [
[
41,
55
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "26999",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"47"
],
"offsets": [
[
1107,
1109
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27000",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
532,
540
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27001",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"less than or equal to 14 days of disease before therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
1124,
1179
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
27002 | 1683365 | [
{
"id": "27003",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"The efficacy of early continuous positive airway pressure therapy in patients with acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema . Although continuous positive airway pressure ( CPAP ) therapy using a face mask is known to improve oxygenation , the intrapulmonary shunt reduction remains unsettled . Our study was designed to explore this issue . From 1985 to 1987 80 patients with acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema were randomly chosen to receive either serial CPAP therapy or high-flow face mask oxygen therapy without CPAP ( control ) for the purpose of evaluating the efficacy of CPAP therapy . After screening for exclusion , only 55 patients were included in the first 3-hour investigation period . PaO2 in the CPAP group showed a significant increase by the end of the initial study ; whereas intrapulmonary shunt and alveolar-arterial oxygen tension gradient AaDO2 revealed simultaneously a significant reduction . Conversely , neither PaO2 nor intrapulmonary shunt ( or AaDO2 ) in the control group demonstrated any significant beneficial changes . As for cardiovascular function , only the CPAP therapy achieved a significant reduction in rate pressure product in contrast to the control ( face mask ) therapy alone . In terms of therapeutic failure , 10 patients in the control group failed . However , in the CPAP group only 5 patients had failed at the end of the first 3-hour study period . Overall , the cumulative therapeutic failure rate was 28 % in the CPAP group and 60 % in the control group during a 6-hour observation study . However , there was no significant difference between the two groups in 24-hour hospital mortality . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS )"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1672
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "27004",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"serial CPAP therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
443,
462
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27005",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"high-flow face mask oxygen therapy without CPAP ( control )"
],
"offsets": [
[
466,
525
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27006",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"PaO2"
],
"offsets": [
[
693,
697
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27007",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"intrapulmonary shunt"
],
"offsets": [
[
237,
257
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27008",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"alveolar-arterial oxygen tension gradient AaDO2"
],
"offsets": [
[
813,
860
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27009",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"rate pressure product"
],
"offsets": [
[
1137,
1158
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27010",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"therapeutic failure"
],
"offsets": [
[
1228,
1247
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27011",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"cumulative therapeutic failure rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
1407,
1442
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27012",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema ."
],
"offsets": [
[
83,
118
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27013",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"80"
],
"offsets": [
[
353,
355
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27014",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema"
],
"offsets": [
[
83,
116
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27015",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"55"
],
"offsets": [
[
624,
626
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
27016 | 16840576 | [
{
"id": "27017",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Resistance training increases basal limb blood flow and vascular conductance in aging humans . Age-related reductions in basal limb blood flow and vascular conductance are associated with the metabolic syndrome , functional impairments , and osteoporosis . We tested the hypothesis that a strength training program would increase basal femoral blood flow in aging adults . Twenty-six sedentary but healthy middle-aged and older subjects were randomly assigned to either a whole body strength training intervention group ( 52 +/- 2 yr , 3 men , 10 women ) who underwent three supervised resistance training sessions per week for 13 wk or a control group ( 53 +/- 2 yr , 4 men , 9 women ) who participated in a supervised stretching program . At baseline , there were no significant differences in blood pressure , cardiac output , basal femoral blood flow ( via Doppler ultrasound ) , vascular conductance , and vascular resistance between the two groups . The strength training group increased maximal strength in all the major muscle groups tested ( P < 0.05 ) . Whole body lean body mass increased ( P < 0.05 ) with strength training , but leg fat-free mass did not . Basal femoral blood flow and vascular conductance increased by 55-60 % after strength training ( both P < 0.05 ) . No such changes were observed in the control group . In both groups , there were no significant changes in brachial blood pressure , plasma endothelin-1 and angiotensin II concentrations , femoral artery wall thickness , cardiac output , and systemic vascular resistance . Our results indicate that short-term strength training increases basal femoral blood flow and vascular conductance in healthy middle-aged and older adults ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1714
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "27018",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"Resistance training"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
19
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27019",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"strength training program"
],
"offsets": [
[
289,
314
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27020",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"whole body strength training"
],
"offsets": [
[
472,
500
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27021",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"resistance training"
],
"offsets": [
[
586,
605
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27022",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"strength training group"
],
"offsets": [
[
960,
983
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27023",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"strength training"
],
"offsets": [
[
289,
306
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27024",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"short-term strength training"
],
"offsets": [
[
1584,
1612
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27025",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"basal femoral blood flow"
],
"offsets": [
[
330,
354
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27026",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"blood pressure"
],
"offsets": [
[
796,
810
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27027",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"cardiac output"
],
"offsets": [
[
813,
827
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27028",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"basal femoral blood flow ( via Doppler ultrasound )"
],
"offsets": [
[
830,
881
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27029",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"vascular conductance"
],
"offsets": [
[
56,
76
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27030",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"vascular resistance"
],
"offsets": [
[
911,
930
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27031",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"maximal strength"
],
"offsets": [
[
994,
1010
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27032",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Whole body lean body mass"
],
"offsets": [
[
1064,
1089
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27033",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"leg fat-free mass"
],
"offsets": [
[
1142,
1159
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27034",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Basal femoral blood flow and vascular conductance"
],
"offsets": [
[
1170,
1219
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27035",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"brachial blood pressure"
],
"offsets": [
[
1392,
1415
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27036",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"plasma endothelin-1 and angiotensin II concentrations"
],
"offsets": [
[
1418,
1471
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27037",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"femoral artery wall thickness"
],
"offsets": [
[
1474,
1503
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27038",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"cardiac output"
],
"offsets": [
[
813,
827
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27039",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"systemic vascular resistance"
],
"offsets": [
[
1527,
1555
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27040",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"healthy middle-aged and older adults ."
],
"offsets": [
[
1676,
1714
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
27041 | 16845576 | [
{
"id": "27042",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Teaching young nonverbal children with autism useful speech : a pilot study of the Denver Model and PROMPT interventions . This single subject design study examined two models of intervention : Denver Model ( which merges behavioral , developmental , and relationship-oriented intervention ) , and PROMPT ( a neuro-developmental approach for speech production disorders ) . Ten young , nonverbal children with autism were matched in pairs and randomized to treatment . They received 12 1-h weekly sessions of therapy and daily 1-h home intervention delivered by parents . Fidelity criteria were maintained throughout . Eight of the ten children used five or more novel , functional words spontaneously and spoke multiple times per hour by the conclusion of treatment . There were no differences in acquired language skills by intervention group . Initial characteristics of the best responders were mild to moderate symptoms of autism , better motor imitation skills , and emerging joint attention skills ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1006
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "27043",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"Denver Model"
],
"offsets": [
[
83,
95
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27044",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"PROMPT"
],
"offsets": [
[
100,
106
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27045",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"interventions"
],
"offsets": [
[
107,
120
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27046",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"Denver Model"
],
"offsets": [
[
83,
95
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27047",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"which merges behavioral , developmental , and"
],
"offsets": [
[
209,
254
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27048",
"type": "Intervention_Psychological",
"text": [
"relationship-oriented"
],
"offsets": [
[
255,
276
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27049",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"intervention"
],
"offsets": [
[
107,
119
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27050",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"PROMPT"
],
"offsets": [
[
100,
106
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27051",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"a"
],
"offsets": [
[
2,
3
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27052",
"type": "Intervention_Psychological",
"text": [
"neuro-developmental approach"
],
"offsets": [
[
309,
337
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27053",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"for speech production disorders"
],
"offsets": [
[
338,
369
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27054",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"functional"
],
"offsets": [
[
671,
681
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27055",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"multiple times per hour"
],
"offsets": [
[
712,
735
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27056",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"acquired language skills"
],
"offsets": [
[
798,
822
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27057",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"motor imitation skills , and emerging joint attention skills"
],
"offsets": [
[
944,
1004
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27058",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"nonverbal"
],
"offsets": [
[
15,
24
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27059",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
25,
33
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27060",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"autism"
],
"offsets": [
[
39,
45
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27061",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Ten"
],
"offsets": [
[
374,
377
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27062",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"nonverbal"
],
"offsets": [
[
15,
24
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27063",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
25,
33
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27064",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"autism"
],
"offsets": [
[
39,
45
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27065",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"mild to moderate symptoms of autism"
],
"offsets": [
[
899,
934
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27066",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"motor imitation skills"
],
"offsets": [
[
944,
966
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27067",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"joint attention skills"
],
"offsets": [
[
982,
1004
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
27068 | 16846734 | [
{
"id": "27069",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Gemcitabine and split-dose paclitaxel or docetaxel in metastatic breast cancer : a randomised phase II study . PURPOSE The purpose was to evaluate the activity and toxicity of split-dose paclitaxel or docetaxel in combination with gemcitabine in patients with metastatic breast cancer ( MBC ) who had previously received anthracyclines . PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 210 patients were randomly assigned to one of three treatment arms : gemcitabine 1,250 mg/m ( 2 ) Days 1 and 8 and paclitaxel 175 mg/m ( 2 ) as a 3-h infusion on Day 1 ( GP1 ) ; gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m ( 2 ) Days 1 and 8 and paclitaxel 100 mg/m ( 2 ) as a 1-h infusion on Days 1 and 8 ( GP2 ) ; gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m ( 2 ) Days 1 and 8 and docetaxel 40 mg/m ( 2 ) as a 1-h infusion on Days 1 and 8 ( GD ) . Cycles were repeated every 3 weeks . RESULTS For the 204 patients evaluable for response assessment , the response rates were 48.6 % for GP1 , 52.2 % for GP2 , and 52.3 % for GD . Median response duration , time to treatment failure , and time to progression ( TTP ) were similar in each arm . Median TTP for GP1 , GP2 and GD was 7.5 , 7.0 and 7.4 months , respectively . For the 208 patients evaluable for safety , the most common grade 3/4 toxicity for each regimen was neutropaenia , with 64 % , 57 % , and 68 % for GP1 , GP2 , and GD , respectively . Grade 4 neutropaenia , grade 3/4 anaemia , febrile neutropaenia , and diarrhoea were more common in the docetaxel arm , as was the use of intravenous antibiotics and blood transfusions . CONCLUSION The study confirmed the high activity of gemcitabine-taxane combinations in MBC . Split-dose paclitaxel had similar activity and toxicity to the 3-weekly administration . The split-dose docetaxel regimen had similar activity to the paclitaxel combinations though associated with higher toxicity ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1826
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "27070",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Gemcitabine"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
11
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27071",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"paclitaxel"
],
"offsets": [
[
27,
37
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27072",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"docetaxel"
],
"offsets": [
[
41,
50
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27073",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"split-dose paclitaxel"
],
"offsets": [
[
16,
37
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27074",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"docetaxel"
],
"offsets": [
[
41,
50
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27075",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"combination with gemcitabine"
],
"offsets": [
[
214,
242
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27076",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"gemcitabine 1,250 mg/m ( 2 ) Days 1 and 8 and paclitaxel 175 mg/m ( 2 ) as a 3-h infusion on Day 1 ( GP1 )"
],
"offsets": [
[
439,
545
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27077",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m ( 2 ) Days 1 and 8 and paclitaxel 100 mg/m ( 2 ) as a 1-h infusion on Days 1 and 8 ( GP2 )"
],
"offsets": [
[
548,
661
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27078",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m ( 2 ) Days 1 and 8 and docetaxel 40 mg/m ( 2 ) as a 1-h infusion on Days 1 and 8 ( GD"
],
"offsets": [
[
664,
772
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27079",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"gemcitabine-taxane combinations"
],
"offsets": [
[
1571,
1602
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27080",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"paclitaxel"
],
"offsets": [
[
27,
37
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27081",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"docetaxel"
],
"offsets": [
[
41,
50
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27082",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"paclitaxel combinations"
],
"offsets": [
[
1762,
1785
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27083",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"activity and toxicity"
],
"offsets": [
[
151,
172
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27084",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"response rates"
],
"offsets": [
[
883,
897
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27085",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Median response duration"
],
"offsets": [
[
957,
981
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27086",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"time to treatment failure"
],
"offsets": [
[
984,
1009
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27087",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"time to progression ( TTP )"
],
"offsets": [
[
1016,
1043
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27088",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"safety"
],
"offsets": [
[
1184,
1190
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27089",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"toxicity"
],
"offsets": [
[
164,
172
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27090",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"neutropaenia"
],
"offsets": [
[
1249,
1261
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27091",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"neutropaenia"
],
"offsets": [
[
1249,
1261
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27092",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"anaemia"
],
"offsets": [
[
1365,
1372
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27093",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"febrile neutropaenia"
],
"offsets": [
[
1375,
1395
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27094",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"diarrhoea"
],
"offsets": [
[
1402,
1411
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27095",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"toxicity"
],
"offsets": [
[
164,
172
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27096",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"metastatic breast cancer"
],
"offsets": [
[
54,
78
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27097",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"210"
],
"offsets": [
[
370,
373
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27098",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"204"
],
"offsets": [
[
830,
833
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27099",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"208"
],
"offsets": [
[
1157,
1160
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
27100 | 16850327 | [
{
"id": "27101",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Effects of single doses of rabeprazole 20 mg and esomeprazole 40 mg on 24-h intragastric pH in healthy subjects . OBJECTIVE To compare antisecretory effects of single doses of rabeprazole and esomeprazole . METHODS Open , randomised , 2-way crossover , clinical pharmacology study . 24 healthy subjects ( 10 men ; mean age 26.2 y ) received a single dose of rabeprazole 20 mg or esomeprazole 40 mg , with a 14-day 'washout ' . Intragastric pH was recorded continuously from 24 h before to 24 h after dosing . RESULTS Mean intragastric pH was higher after esomeprazole than rabeprazole during 0-5 h after dosing ( P=0.0001 ) ; the reverse was true from 14-24 h ( P=0.0002 ) . Mean % time pH > 3 and > 4 was greater after esomeprazole than rabeprazole during 0-14 h ( P=0.041 and 0.044 ) , but the reverse was true during 14-24 h ( P=0.0005 and 0.001 ) . In the 0-24 h interval as a whole , there was no difference between treatments in mean pH or % time pH > 3 or > 4 . CONCLUSION Single-dose rabeprazole 20 mg was as effective as esomeprazole 40 mg in increasing intragastric pH and maintaining pH > 3 and > 4 , despite the 2-fold difference in dose ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1151
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "27102",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"rabeprazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
27,
38
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27103",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"esomeprazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
49,
61
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27104",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"rabeprazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
27,
38
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27105",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"esomeprazole ."
],
"offsets": [
[
192,
206
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27106",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"rabeprazole 20 mg or esomeprazole 40 mg"
],
"offsets": [
[
358,
397
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27107",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"esomeprazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
49,
61
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27108",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"rabeprazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
27,
38
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27109",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"esomeprazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
49,
61
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27110",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"rabeprazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
27,
38
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27111",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"rabeprazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
27,
38
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27112",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"esomeprazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
49,
61
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27113",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"24-h intragastric pH"
],
"offsets": [
[
71,
91
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27114",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Intragastric pH"
],
"offsets": [
[
427,
442
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27115",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Mean intragastric pH"
],
"offsets": [
[
517,
537
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27116",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Mean % time pH > 3 and > 4"
],
"offsets": [
[
675,
701
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27117",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"mean pH or % time pH > 3 or > 4 ."
],
"offsets": [
[
935,
968
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27118",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"intragastric pH"
],
"offsets": [
[
76,
91
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27119",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"pH > 3 and > 4"
],
"offsets": [
[
687,
701
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27120",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"24-h intragastric pH in healthy subjects ."
],
"offsets": [
[
71,
113
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27121",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"24 healthy subjects"
],
"offsets": [
[
283,
302
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27122",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"("
],
"offsets": [
[
303,
304
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27123",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"10"
],
"offsets": [
[
305,
307
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27124",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"men"
],
"offsets": [
[
308,
311
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27125",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"; mean age 26.2 y )"
],
"offsets": [
[
312,
331
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
27126 | 16855426 | [
{
"id": "27127",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Rotigotine transdermal patch enables rapid titration to effective doses in advanced-stage idiopathic Parkinson disease : subanalysis of a parallel group , open-label , dose-escalation study . OBJECTIVE Rotigotine ( Neupro ) is formulated as a transdermal delivery system designed to provide a selective , non-ergot D3/D2/D1 agonist to the systemic blood flow over a 24-hour period . In clinical trials , patches were applied once daily and uptitrated to the individual effective dose in increments of 2 mg/24 h every week . The aim of this analysis was to determine the safety of a more rapid titration of rotigotine by assessing the tolerability of escalating transdermal doses of rotigotine given in 2 different titration schemes . METHODS We analyzed the safety of rotigotine in 2 groups of patients with advanced stage Parkinson Disease . The starting dose of 4 mg/24 h was increased every week by 2 mg/24 h in the slow-titration group and 4 mg/24 h in the fast-titration group . The primary focus of this subanalysis was the separate tolerability of rotigotine in each randomized treatment arm , during the dose-escalation period . However , the 2 titration schemes were also compared with each other . RESULTS The dose of first reported nausea and/or vomiting was 8 mg/24 h for the fast-titration group and 4 mg/ 24 h for the slow-titration group . There were no remarkable differences concerning the side-effect profile between the 2 different titration schemes . CONCLUSIONS The fast-titration regimen had a similar adverse event profile to slower titration , and allowed rotigotine to be introduced quickly . This subanalysis suggests that rotigotine may be uptitrated more rapidly ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1692
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "27128",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Rotigotine transdermal patch"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
28
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27129",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Rotigotine ( Neupro )"
],
"offsets": [
[
202,
223
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27130",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"patches"
],
"offsets": [
[
404,
411
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27131",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"rotigotine"
],
"offsets": [
[
606,
616
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27132",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"rotigotine"
],
"offsets": [
[
606,
616
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27133",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"rotigotine"
],
"offsets": [
[
606,
616
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27134",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"rotigotine"
],
"offsets": [
[
606,
616
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27135",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"rotigotine"
],
"offsets": [
[
606,
616
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27136",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"rotigotine"
],
"offsets": [
[
606,
616
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27137",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"safety"
],
"offsets": [
[
570,
576
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27138",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"safety"
],
"offsets": [
[
570,
576
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27139",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"tolerability of rotigotine"
],
"offsets": [
[
1039,
1065
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27140",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"nausea and/or vomiting"
],
"offsets": [
[
1243,
1265
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27141",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"side-effect profile"
],
"offsets": [
[
1407,
1426
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27142",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"adverse event profile"
],
"offsets": [
[
1524,
1545
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27143",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"advanced-stage idiopathic Parkinson disease"
],
"offsets": [
[
75,
118
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27144",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"advanced stage Parkinson Disease"
],
"offsets": [
[
808,
840
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
27145 | 16855475 | [
{
"id": "27146",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Divalproex versus placebo for the prevention of irritability associated with fluoxetine treatment in autism spectrum disorder ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
127
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "27147",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Divalproex"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
10
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27148",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
18,
25
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27149",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"fluoxetine"
],
"offsets": [
[
77,
87
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27150",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"irritability"
],
"offsets": [
[
48,
60
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27151",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"autism spectrum disorder ."
],
"offsets": [
[
101,
127
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
27152 | 16859579 | [
{
"id": "27153",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Adjuvant subcutaneous interleukin-2 in patients with resected renal cell carcinoma : a pilot study . BACKGROUND A pilot study was conducted to investigate the toxicity and tolerance to low-dose subcutaneous interleukin-2 ( IL-2 ) for patients with resected renal cell carcinoma ( RCC ) at high risk for recurrent disease ( TNM stages III and IV resected distant metastases ) . PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with surgically resected locally advanced ( T3-4 or N1-2 ) or metastatic RCC were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatment groups that received different dose levels and schedules of subcutaneous IL-2 as follows : dose level 1 , 4 MIU/m2 per day , every other week for 24 weeks ( n = 10 ) ; dose level 2 , 8 MIU/m2 per day , every other week for 24 weeks ( n = 9 ) ; dose level 3 , 4 MIU/m2 per day , weeks 1-4 , 9-12 , and 17-20 ( n = 11 ) ; and dose level 4 , 8 MIU/m2 per day , weeks 1-4 , 9-12 , and 17-20 ( n = 10 ) . Interleukin-2 was administered in 2 daily doses on days 1-5 of each week indicated . A dose level was considered tolerable if no more than 2 patients experienced grade 3/4 toxicity . RESULTS Forty-one patients were entered in the study and 40 were evaluable for toxicity . Therapy was well tolerated at all dose levels and schedules , with most patients ( 98 % ) experiencing mild-to-moderate constitutional symptoms . Grade 3/4 toxicity was seen in 8 patients ( 20 % ) . Interleukin-2 dose reductions were required in 7 patients , and no patient discontinued therapy secondary to toxicity . Of 39 patients evaluable for efficacy , 31 have experienced relapse ( 79 % ) , and 15 have died ( 38 % ) . Median survival was 1.4 years , and the 3-year disease-free survival rate was 33 % . Median overall survival has not been reached ; however , the 3-year survival rate was 70 % . There was no statistically significant difference between any of the treatment arms with respect to disease-free survival or 3-year survival ( P > 0.54 and P > or= 0.09 for all pairwise comparisons ) , schedules ( dose level 1/2 vs. 3/4 ; P = 0.46 and P = 0.5 ) , or dose of IL-2 administered ( dose level 1/3 vs. 2/4 ; P = 0.99 and P = 0.1 ) . CONCLUSION Subcutaneous IL-2 was well tolerated for 6 months in patients with surgically resected RCC at high risk of recurrence . Future adjuvant trials in this setting are not likely to include IL-2 in view of the clinical efficacy and favorable toxicity profiles of selected multitargeted kinase inhibitors ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2460
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "27154",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"interleukin-2"
],
"offsets": [
[
22,
35
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27155",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"subcutaneous interleukin-2 ( IL-2 )"
],
"offsets": [
[
194,
229
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27156",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"IL-2"
],
"offsets": [
[
223,
227
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27157",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Interleukin-2"
],
"offsets": [
[
927,
940
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27158",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Interleukin-2"
],
"offsets": [
[
927,
940
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27159",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Subcutaneous IL-2"
],
"offsets": [
[
2160,
2177
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27160",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"IL-2"
],
"offsets": [
[
223,
227
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27161",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"toxicity"
],
"offsets": [
[
159,
167
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27162",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"tolerance"
],
"offsets": [
[
172,
181
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27163",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"tolerable"
],
"offsets": [
[
1040,
1049
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27164",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"grade 3/4 toxicity ."
],
"offsets": [
[
1089,
1109
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27165",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"toxicity ."
],
"offsets": [
[
1099,
1109
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27166",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"tolerated"
],
"offsets": [
[
1217,
1226
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27167",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"mild-to-moderate constitutional symptoms"
],
"offsets": [
[
1303,
1343
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27168",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"Grade 3/4 toxicity"
],
"offsets": [
[
1346,
1364
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27169",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"Interleukin-2 dose reductions"
],
"offsets": [
[
1399,
1428
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27170",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"toxicity ."
],
"offsets": [
[
1099,
1109
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27171",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"relapse"
],
"offsets": [
[
1579,
1586
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27172",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"died"
],
"offsets": [
[
1610,
1614
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27173",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"Median survival"
],
"offsets": [
[
1626,
1641
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27174",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"3-year disease-free survival rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
1666,
1699
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27175",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"Median overall survival"
],
"offsets": [
[
1711,
1734
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27176",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"3-year survival rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
1772,
1792
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27177",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"disease-free survival or 3-year survival"
],
"offsets": [
[
1904,
1944
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27178",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"tolerated"
],
"offsets": [
[
1217,
1226
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27179",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"clinical efficacy"
],
"offsets": [
[
2365,
2382
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27180",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"favorable toxicity"
],
"offsets": [
[
2387,
2405
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27181",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Adjuvant subcutaneous interleukin-2 in patients with resected renal cell carcinoma :"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
84
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27182",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"patients with resected renal cell carcinoma ( RCC ) at high risk for recurrent disease ( TNM stages III and IV resected distant metastases ) ."
],
"offsets": [
[
234,
376
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27183",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Patients with surgically resected locally advanced ( T3-4 or N1-2 ) or metastatic RCC"
],
"offsets": [
[
398,
483
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27184",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"Forty-one patients were entered in the study and 40 were evaluable for toxicity ."
],
"offsets": [
[
1118,
1199
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27185",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"patients with surgically resected RCC at high risk of recurrence ."
],
"offsets": [
[
2213,
2279
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
27186 | 16864164 | [
{
"id": "27187",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Long-term follow-up of the Stockholm randomized trials of postoperative radiation therapy versus adjuvant chemotherapy among 'high risk ' pre- and postmenopausal breast cancer patients . For many years , loco-regional radiotherapy was the standard postoperative treatment for node positive breast cancer patients in Sweden . Because of encouraging results from trials of adjuvant chemotherapy in the mid 1970s , the Stockholm Breast Cancer Study Group decided to directly compare postoperative radiation ( RT ) with adjuvant CMF-type chemotherapy ( CT ) . Long-term results are presented from two randomized trials of RT versus CT in pre- ( n = 547 ) and postmenopausal ( n = 679 ) patients , respectively , with node positive disease or a tumour diameter > 30 mm . RT substantially reduced loco-regional recurrences among both pre- and postmenopausal patients ( relative hazard RT versus CT : 0.67 and 0.43 , respectively ) . Among premenopausal patients distant metastases occurred less frequently in the CT group ( relative hazard : 1.68 , p > 0.001 ) resulting in an improved recurrence-free survival ( p = 0.04 ) . Overall survival was also better with CT ( cumulative survival at 15 years : 50 % and 44 % in the CT and RT groups , respectively ) but the difference was not statistically significant . Among the postmenopausal patients there were no substantial differences in terms of recurrence-free or overall survival between the treatment groups . The risk of a second primary malignancy , however , was doubled in the RT group ( p > 0.01 ) . The most pronounced excess concerned second lung cancers occurring after 10 years . The cumulative incidence at 20 years was estimated at 0.3 % and 3.7 % in the CT and RT groups , respectively . The trials illustrate the role of radiotherapy in preventing loco-regional recurrences among high-risk patients , as well as the need for systemic treatment to control the disease systemically ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1942
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "27188",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"postoperative radiation therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
58,
89
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27189",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"adjuvant chemotherapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
97,
118
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27190",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"adjuvant chemotherapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
97,
118
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27191",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"postoperative radiation"
],
"offsets": [
[
58,
81
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27192",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"adjuvant CMF-type chemotherapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
516,
546
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27193",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"RT"
],
"offsets": [
[
506,
508
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27194",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"CT"
],
"offsets": [
[
549,
551
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27195",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"loco-regional recurrences"
],
"offsets": [
[
791,
816
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27196",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"distant metastases"
],
"offsets": [
[
956,
974
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27197",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"recurrence-free survival"
],
"offsets": [
[
1080,
1104
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27198",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"Overall survival"
],
"offsets": [
[
1120,
1136
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27199",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"recurrence-free or overall survival"
],
"offsets": [
[
1391,
1426
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27200",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"risk of a second primary malignancy"
],
"offsets": [
[
1462,
1497
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27201",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"second lung cancers"
],
"offsets": [
[
1590,
1609
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27202",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"cumulative incidence at 20 years"
],
"offsets": [
[
1641,
1673
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27203",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"loco-regional recurrences"
],
"offsets": [
[
791,
816
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27204",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"node positive breast cancer patients in Sweden ."
],
"offsets": [
[
276,
324
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
27205 | 16864886 | [
{
"id": "27206",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"A fenbendazole oral drench in addition to an ivermectin pour-on reduces parasite burden and improves feedlot and carcass performance of finishing heifers compared with endectocides alone . Two studies utilizing 1,862 yearling heifers were conducted to determine the effects of a fenbendazole oral drench in addition to an ivermectin pour-on ( SG+IVPO ) , compared with an ivermectin pour-on ( IVPO ) or a doramectin injectable ( DMX ) alone , on parasite burden , feedlot performance , and carcass merit of feedlot cattle . In the first study , heifers receiving the SG+IVPO had fewer ( P = 0.02 ) cattle retreated for disease and 73 % fewer ( P = 0.06 ) worm eggs per fecal sample 98 d after treatment than heifers treated with IVPO . Heifers treated with SG+IVPO consumed more DM , had greater ADG , were heavier at slaughter , and had heavier carcasses than IVPO-treated heifers ( P < 0.05 ) . Heifers treated with SG+IVPO also had more ( P = 0.07 ) carcasses grading USDA Prime or Choice than IVPO-treated heifers . In the second study , heifers treated with SG+IVPO had fewer ( P < 0.01 ) worm eggs per fecal sample 35 d after treatment and had fewer numbers of adult and larval Cooperia and Trichostrongylus spp . in the small intestine at slaughter ( P < 0.10 ) compared with heifers treated with DMX . Heifers treated with SG+IVPO consumed more DM , were heavier at slaughter , and had heavier carcasses than DMX-treated heifers ( P < 0.01 ) . The SG+IVPO-treated heifers also had greater ADG ( P < 0.10 ) . The broad-spectrum effectiveness of a combination of a fenbendazole oral drench and an ivermectin pour-on reduced parasite burden and increased feed intake , ADG , and carcass weight in feedlot heifers compared with treatment with an endectocide alone ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1769
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "27207",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"fenbendazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
2,
14
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27208",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ivermectin"
],
"offsets": [
[
45,
55
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27209",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"fenbendazole oral drench"
],
"offsets": [
[
2,
26
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27210",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ivermectin pour-on ( SG+IVPO"
],
"offsets": [
[
322,
350
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27211",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ivermectin pour-on ( IVPO )"
],
"offsets": [
[
372,
399
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27212",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"doramectin injectable ( DMX ) alone"
],
"offsets": [
[
405,
440
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27213",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"SG+IVPO-treated"
],
"offsets": [
[
1456,
1471
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27214",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"reduces parasite burden"
],
"offsets": [
[
64,
87
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27215",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"improves feedlot"
],
"offsets": [
[
92,
108
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27216",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"carcass performance"
],
"offsets": [
[
113,
132
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27217",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"parasite burden"
],
"offsets": [
[
72,
87
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27218",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"feedlot performance"
],
"offsets": [
[
464,
483
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27219",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"carcass merit of feedlot cattle"
],
"offsets": [
[
490,
521
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27220",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"cattle retreated for disease"
],
"offsets": [
[
598,
626
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27221",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"fewer ( P = 0.06 ) worm eggs per fecal sample"
],
"offsets": [
[
636,
681
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27222",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"heavier at slaughter"
],
"offsets": [
[
807,
827
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27223",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"heavier carcasses"
],
"offsets": [
[
838,
855
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27224",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"carcasses"
],
"offsets": [
[
846,
855
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27225",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"fewer ( P < 0.01 ) worm eggs per fecal sample"
],
"offsets": [
[
1075,
1120
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27226",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"numbers of adult and larval Cooperia and Trichostrongylus spp ."
],
"offsets": [
[
1156,
1219
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27227",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"in the small intestine"
],
"offsets": [
[
1220,
1242
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27228",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"greater ADG"
],
"offsets": [
[
788,
799
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27229",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"parasite burden"
],
"offsets": [
[
72,
87
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27230",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"increased"
],
"offsets": [
[
1650,
1659
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27231",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"feed intake"
],
"offsets": [
[
1660,
1671
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27232",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"carcass weight"
],
"offsets": [
[
1684,
1698
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27233",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"parasite burden"
],
"offsets": [
[
72,
87
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27234",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"1,862"
],
"offsets": [
[
211,
216
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
27235 | 16870004 | [
{
"id": "27236",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Enhanced bioavailability of zeaxanthin in a milk-based formulation of wolfberry ( Gou Qi Zi ; Fructus barbarum L. ) . The carotenoid zeaxanthin is concentrated within the macula . Increased macular zeaxanthin is suggested to lower the risk of age-related macular degeneration . The small red berry , wolfberry ( Fructus barbarum L. ; Gou Qi Zi and Kei Tze ) , is one of the richest natural sources of zeaxanthin . However , carotenoid bioavailability is low , and food-based products with enhanced bioavailability are of interest . The present study investigated zeaxanthin bioavailability from three wolfberry formulations . Berries were homogenised in hot ( 80 degrees C ) water , warm ( 40 degrees C ) skimmed milk and hot ( 80 degrees C ) skimmed milk , with freeze drying of each preparation into a powdered form . A zeaxanthin-standardised dose ( 15 mg ) of each was consumed , in randomised order , together with a standardised breakfast by twelve healthy , consenting subjects in a cross-over trial , with a 3-5-week washout period between treatments . Blood samples were taken via a venous cannula immediately before ( fasting ) and 2 , 4 , 6 , 7 , 8 and 10 h post-ingestion . Zeaxanthin concentration in the triacylglycerol-rich lipoprotein fraction of plasma was measured by HPLC . Results showed that triacylglycerol-rich lipoprotein zeaxanthin peaked at 6 h post-ingestion for all formulations . Zeaxanthin bioavailability from the hot milk formulation was significantly higher ( P < 0.001 ) than from the others . Mean area under the curve ( n 12 ) results were 9.73 ( sem 2.45 ) , 3.24 ( sem 0.72 ) and 3.14 ( sem 1.09 ) nmol x h/l for the hot milk , warm milk and hot water formulations , respectively . Results showed clearly that homogenisation of wolfberry in hot skimmed milk results in a formulation that has a 3-fold enhanced bioavailability of zeaxanthin compared with both the 'classical ' hot water and warm skimmed milk treatment of the berries ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1972
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "27237",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"zeaxanthin"
],
"offsets": [
[
28,
38
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27238",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"zeaxanthin"
],
"offsets": [
[
28,
38
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27239",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"zeaxanthin"
],
"offsets": [
[
28,
38
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27240",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"zeaxanthin ."
],
"offsets": [
[
401,
413
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27241",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"zeaxanthin"
],
"offsets": [
[
28,
38
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27242",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"zeaxanthin-standardised dose"
],
"offsets": [
[
822,
850
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27243",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Zeaxanthin"
],
"offsets": [
[
1186,
1196
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27244",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"zeaxanthin"
],
"offsets": [
[
28,
38
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27245",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Zeaxanthin"
],
"offsets": [
[
1186,
1196
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27246",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"zeaxanthin"
],
"offsets": [
[
28,
38
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27247",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Enhanced bioavailability of zeaxanthin"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
38
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27248",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"risk of age-related macular degeneration ."
],
"offsets": [
[
235,
277
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27249",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"carotenoid bioavailability"
],
"offsets": [
[
424,
450
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27250",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"bioavailability"
],
"offsets": [
[
9,
24
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27251",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"zeaxanthin bioavailability"
],
"offsets": [
[
563,
589
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27252",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Zeaxanthin concentration"
],
"offsets": [
[
1186,
1210
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27253",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"HPLC ."
],
"offsets": [
[
1286,
1292
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27254",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"triacylglycerol-rich lipoprotein zeaxanthin peaked"
],
"offsets": [
[
1313,
1363
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27255",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Mean area under the curve"
],
"offsets": [
[
1528,
1553
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27256",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"twelve"
],
"offsets": [
[
948,
954
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27257",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"healthy"
],
"offsets": [
[
955,
962
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
27258 | 16879274 | [
{
"id": "27259",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Nuclear fragments and holes in grading of breast cancer aspirates ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
67
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "27260",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"grading of breast cancer aspirates"
],
"offsets": [
[
31,
65
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
27261 | 16879331 | [
{
"id": "27262",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Effect of enamel preparation method on in vitro marginal microleakage of a flowable composite used as pit and fissure sealant . OBJECTIVES The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the microleakage in occlusal surfaces , after preparation with Er : YAG laser and compared to the diamond-bur conventional technique . METHODS Thirty premolars were divided into three groups : I - high-speed handpiece + 37 % phosphoric acid ; II - Er : YAG laser ( 350 mJ , 4 Hz and 112 J/cm ( 2 ) ) + 37 % phosphoric acid ; and III - Er : YAG laser ( 350 mJ , 4 Hz and 112 J/cm ( 2 ) ) + Er : YAG laser ( 80 mJ , 4 Hz , and 25 mJ/cm ( 2 ) ) . All cavities received the same adhesive system and were restored with flowable composite according to manufacturer 's instructions . Teeth were submitted to thermal cycling and immersed in 50 % silver nitrate solutions for 8 h in total darkness . Specimens were sectioned longitudinally in the bucco-lingual direction , in slices of 1 mm thick . Each slice was immersed into photo developing solution and was photographed , and microleakage was scored from 0 to 7 , by three calibrated examiners . RESULTS A statistically significant difference ( P < 0.0001 ) was observed between Er : YAG laser prepared and etched specimens and those in the other groups . CONCLUSIONS It can be concluded that no significant difference was noted between the two types of enamel preparation when etching was performed . Preparing and treating the enamel surface exclusively by Er : YAG laser resulted in the highest degree of leakage ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1549
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "27263",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"enamel preparation method"
],
"offsets": [
[
10,
35
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27264",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"Er : YAG laser"
],
"offsets": [
[
249,
263
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27265",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"diamond-bur conventional technique"
],
"offsets": [
[
284,
318
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27266",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"high-speed handpiece"
],
"offsets": [
[
383,
403
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27267",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"37 % phosphoric acid"
],
"offsets": [
[
406,
426
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27268",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Er : YAG laser ( 350 mJ"
],
"offsets": [
[
434,
457
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27269",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"37 % phosphoric acid"
],
"offsets": [
[
406,
426
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27270",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Er : YAG laser"
],
"offsets": [
[
249,
263
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27271",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Er : YAG laser ( 80 mJ , 4 Hz , and 25 mJ/cm ( 2 ) )"
],
"offsets": [
[
575,
627
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27272",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"thermal cycling"
],
"offsets": [
[
787,
802
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27273",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"silver nitrate solutions"
],
"offsets": [
[
824,
848
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27274",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"enamel preparation"
],
"offsets": [
[
10,
28
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27275",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"Er : YAG laser"
],
"offsets": [
[
249,
263
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27276",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"marginal microleakage"
],
"offsets": [
[
48,
69
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27277",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"microleakage in occlusal surfaces"
],
"offsets": [
[
190,
223
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27278",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"microleakage"
],
"offsets": [
[
57,
69
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27279",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"degree of leakage ."
],
"offsets": [
[
1530,
1549
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27280",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Thirty"
],
"offsets": [
[
329,
335
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
27281 | 16879519 | [
{
"id": "27282",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationship of rocuronium under stable nitrous oxide-fentanyl or nitrous oxide-sevoflurane anesthesia in children . BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to compare pharmacokinetics and pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic ( PK-PD ) relationship of rocuronium in children anesthetized with nitrous oxide ( N2O ) and fentanyl or with N2O and sevoflurane . METHODS Twenty-four children ( 3-11 years old , ASA PS I or II ) were randomized to receive N2O/O2-fentanyl or N2O/O2-sevoflurane ( one MAC ) anesthesia . Neuromuscular transmission was monitored electromyographically . Initial bolus dose of rocuronium , 0.6 mg x kg ( -1 ) was followed by continuous infusion , targeting at steady-state 95 % T1 depression . Neuromuscular transmission was allowed to recover spontaneously . Plasma samples were collected at the moment of discontinuation of infusion , and 10 , 20 , 30 , 50 , 60 and 75 min afterwards . Concentrations of rocuronium were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection ( HPLC-EC ) . Rocuronium PK was described by a two-compartment model and PD parameters were estimated using effect compartment and sigmoidal E ( max ) models . RESULTS No differences in rocuronium PK parameters were observed between study groups . Clearance was 3.91 +/- 2.07 and 3.62 +/- 0.80 ml x min ( -1 ) x kg ( -1 ) in sevoflurane and fentanyl groups , respectively ( P < 0.65 ) . Effect compartment concentrations corresponding to 50 % inhibition of T1 ( EC50 ) were 1.41 +/- 0.45 and 2.32 +/- 1.00 microg x ml ( -1 ) ( P < 0.02 ) , and rate constants for equilibration between plasma and effect compartment ( k ( e0 ) ) values were 0.10 +/- 0.04 and 0.24 +/- 0.14 min ( -1 ) ( P < 0.009 ) in sevoflurane and fentanyl groups , respectively . CONCLUSIONS Disposition of rocuronium was similar under stable N2O-fentanyl and N2O-sevoflurane anesthesia . Sevoflurane reduced rocuronium requirements as well as decreased EC50 relevant to inhibition of T1 and rocuronium transfer to effect compartment . Therefore , the potentiating effect of sevoflurane seems to be mainly of PD origin , probably due to an increased sensitivity of the neuromuscular junction ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2216
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "27283",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"rocuronium"
],
"offsets": [
[
48,
58
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27284",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"nitrous oxide-fentanyl"
],
"offsets": [
[
72,
94
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27285",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"nitrous oxide-sevoflurane"
],
"offsets": [
[
98,
123
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27286",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"rocuronium"
],
"offsets": [
[
48,
58
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27287",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"nitrous oxide ( N2O ) and fentanyl"
],
"offsets": [
[
317,
351
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27288",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"N2O and sevoflurane"
],
"offsets": [
[
360,
379
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27289",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"N2O/O2-fentanyl or N2O/O2-sevoflurane"
],
"offsets": [
[
474,
511
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27290",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"electromyographically"
],
"offsets": [
[
578,
599
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27291",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"rocuronium"
],
"offsets": [
[
48,
58
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27292",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"rocuronium PK parameters"
],
"offsets": [
[
1240,
1264
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27293",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Clearance"
],
"offsets": [
[
1302,
1311
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27294",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Effect compartment concentrations corresponding to 50 % inhibition of T1"
],
"offsets": [
[
1441,
1513
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27295",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"rate constants for equilibration between plasma and effect compartment ( k ( e0 ) )"
],
"offsets": [
[
1598,
1681
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27296",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Disposition of rocuronium"
],
"offsets": [
[
1815,
1840
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27297",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"rocuronium transfer"
],
"offsets": [
[
2015,
2034
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27298",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"anesthesia"
],
"offsets": [
[
124,
134
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27299",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
138,
146
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27300",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
138,
146
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27301",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Twenty-four"
],
"offsets": [
[
390,
401
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27302",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
138,
146
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27303",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"3-11 years old"
],
"offsets": [
[
413,
427
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27304",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"ASA PS I or II"
],
"offsets": [
[
430,
444
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
27305 | 16880243 | [
{
"id": "27306",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Efficacy and safety of zoledronic acid in patients with breast cancer metastatic to bone : a multicenter clinical trial . PURPOSE This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of zoledronic acid in breast cancer patients with newly diagnosed bone metastases . MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients diagnosed with bone metastases < or = 6 weeks prior to first visit were enrolled . Zoledronic acid ( 4 mg ) was administered via a 15-minute infusion every 3 or 4 weeks for 12 infusions . Skeletal-related events ( SREs ) were defined as pathologic bone fractures , spinal cord compression , surgery to bone , radiation therapy to bone , and hypercalcemia of malignancy . Primary efficacy end points were the proportion of patients with at least one SRE and the time to first SRE . Secondary end points included pain , analgesic use , and quality of life . RESULTS Among 312 patients enrolled , 30 % experienced at least one SRE during the 12-month study , and 22 % experienced only one SRE . The median time to first SRE was not reached in the intent-to-treat population . Mean pain and analgesic scores declined from baseline , and quality-of-life scores remained stable to study end . The most frequently reported adverse events , regardless of relationship to study drug , were pyrexia ( 22 % ) and bone pain ( 10 % ) . Serum creatinine levels did not significantly increase from baseline throughout the study . CONCLUSIONS Breast cancer patients with newly diagnosed bone metastases who were treated with zoledronic acid had a low incidence of SREs compared with patients who received placebo in randomized phase III trials , and pain was decreased from baseline . This study demonstrated the favorable risk : benefit ratio of zoledronic acid for the prevention of skeletal complications ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1783
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "27307",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"zoledronic acid"
],
"offsets": [
[
23,
38
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27308",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"zoledronic acid"
],
"offsets": [
[
23,
38
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27309",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Zoledronic acid"
],
"offsets": [
[
373,
388
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27310",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"zoledronic acid"
],
"offsets": [
[
23,
38
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27311",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
1579,
1586
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27312",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"zoledronic acid"
],
"offsets": [
[
23,
38
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27313",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"efficacy and safety"
],
"offsets": [
[
155,
174
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27314",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Skeletal-related events ( SREs )"
],
"offsets": [
[
478,
510
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27315",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"pain"
],
"offsets": [
[
801,
805
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27316",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"analgesic use"
],
"offsets": [
[
808,
821
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27317",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"quality of life"
],
"offsets": [
[
828,
843
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27318",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"SRE"
],
"offsets": [
[
504,
507
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27319",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"SRE"
],
"offsets": [
[
504,
507
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27320",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"SRE"
],
"offsets": [
[
504,
507
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27321",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"Mean pain"
],
"offsets": [
[
1063,
1072
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27322",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"analgesic scores"
],
"offsets": [
[
1077,
1093
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27323",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"quality-of-life scores remained stable"
],
"offsets": [
[
1123,
1161
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27324",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"pyrexia"
],
"offsets": [
[
1271,
1278
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27325",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"bone pain"
],
"offsets": [
[
1292,
1301
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27326",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Serum creatinine levels"
],
"offsets": [
[
1313,
1336
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27327",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"SREs"
],
"offsets": [
[
504,
508
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27328",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"breast cancer"
],
"offsets": [
[
56,
69
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27329",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"breast cancer"
],
"offsets": [
[
56,
69
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27330",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"bone metastases"
],
"offsets": [
[
241,
256
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27331",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"bone metastases"
],
"offsets": [
[
241,
256
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27332",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"312"
],
"offsets": [
[
860,
863
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27333",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Breast cancer"
],
"offsets": [
[
1417,
1430
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27334",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"bone metastases"
],
"offsets": [
[
241,
256
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
27335 | 16882628 | [
{
"id": "27336",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Effects of sensory-level high-volt pulsed electrical current ondelayed-onset muscle soreness . Ten healthy males and ten healthy females aged 21.5 +/- 3.2 years ( mean +/- s ) participated in the study , which was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of sensory level-high volt pulsed electrical current ( HVPC ) on delayed-onset muscle soreness ( DOMS ) . Arm discomfort , elbow extension range of motion and isometric elbow flexion strength were obtained as baseline measurements . Delayed-onset muscle soreness was induced in the participants ' dominant or non-dominant arm using two sets of 20 maximal eccentric elbow flexion contractions . After the induction of DOMS , the participants were randomly divided into an experimental condition ( HVPC ) or a placebo condition . The experimental condition consisted of 20 min of HVPC immediately after the induction of DOMS , and 20 min every 24 h for three consecutive days thereafter . The participants in the placebo condition received an intervention similar in design ; however , no electrical current was administered . Baseline measurements were reevaluated at 24 , 48 , 72 and 96 h after the induction of DOMS . Three weeks later , the participants returned and the protocol was repeated on the contralateral limb , using the opposite intervention ( HVPC or placebo ) . Repeated-measures analysis of variance revealed a significant increase in overall arm discomfort , decrease in elbow extension and decrease in isometric strength for both conditions over time . No significant main effect of treatment , or time-by-treatment interaction , was found for the HVPC condition when compared with the placebo condition for any variable . Sensory-level HVPC , as utilized in our application , was ineffective in reducing the measured variables associated with DOMS ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1821
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "27337",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"sensory level-high volt pulsed electrical current ( HVPC )"
],
"offsets": [
[
256,
314
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27338",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"experimental condition ( HVPC )"
],
"offsets": [
[
724,
755
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27339",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
761,
768
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27340",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"HVPC"
],
"offsets": [
[
308,
312
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27341",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
761,
768
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27342",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"HVPC"
],
"offsets": [
[
308,
312
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27343",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
761,
768
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27344",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"HVPC"
],
"offsets": [
[
308,
312
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27345",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
761,
768
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27346",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"ondelayed-onset muscle soreness ."
],
"offsets": [
[
61,
94
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27347",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"delayed-onset muscle soreness ( DOMS )"
],
"offsets": [
[
318,
356
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27348",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Delayed-onset muscle soreness"
],
"offsets": [
[
486,
515
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27349",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"DOMS"
],
"offsets": [
[
350,
354
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27350",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"DOMS"
],
"offsets": [
[
350,
354
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27351",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Baseline measurements"
],
"offsets": [
[
1078,
1099
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27352",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"DOMS"
],
"offsets": [
[
350,
354
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27353",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"overall arm discomfort"
],
"offsets": [
[
1404,
1426
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27354",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"elbow extension"
],
"offsets": [
[
376,
391
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27355",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"isometric strength"
],
"offsets": [
[
1473,
1491
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27356",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"both conditions"
],
"offsets": [
[
1496,
1511
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27357",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"No significant main effect of treatment"
],
"offsets": [
[
1524,
1563
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27358",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"time-by-treatment interaction"
],
"offsets": [
[
1569,
1598
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27359",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"DOMS"
],
"offsets": [
[
350,
354
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27360",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Ten"
],
"offsets": [
[
95,
98
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27361",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"males"
],
"offsets": [
[
107,
112
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27362",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"females"
],
"offsets": [
[
129,
136
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
27363 | 16882678 | [
{
"id": "27364",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Coenzyme Q10 and exercise training in chronic heart failure . AIMS There is evidence that plasma coenzyme Q ( 10 ) ( CoQ ( 10 ) ) levels decrease in patients with advanced chronic heart failure ( CHF ) . However , it is not known whether oral CoQ ( 10 ) supplementation may improve cardiocirculatory efficiency and endothelial function in patients with CHF . METHODS AND RESULTS We studied 23 patients in NYHA class II and III ( 20 men , three women , mean age 59+/-9 years ) with stable CHF secondary to ischaemic heart disease [ ejection fraction 37+/-7 % ] , using a double-blind , placebo-controlled cross-over design . Patients were assigned to each of the following treatments : oral CoQ ( 10 ) ( 100 mg tid ) , CoQ ( 10 ) plus supervised exercise training ( ET ) ( 60 % of peak VO ( 2 ) , five times a week ) , placebo , and placebo plus ET . Each phase lasted 4 weeks . Both peak VO ( 2 ) and endothelium-dependent dilation of the brachial artery ( EDDBA ) improved significantly after CoQ ( 10 ) and after ET as compared with placebo . CoQ ( 10 ) main effect was : peak VO ( 2 ) +9 % , EDDBA +38 % , systolic wall thickening score index ( SWTI ) -12 % ; ET produced comparable effects . CoQ ( 10 ) supplementation resulted in a four-fold increase in plasma CoQ ( 10 ) level , whereas the combination with ET further increased it . No side effects were reported with CoQ ( 10 ) . CONCLUSIONS Oral CoQ ( 10 ) improves functional capacity , endothelial function , and LV contractility in CHF without any side effects . The combination of CoQ ( 10 ) and ET resulted in higher plasma CoQ ( 10 ) levels and more pronounced effects on all the abovementioned parameters . However , significant synergistic effect of CoQ ( 10 ) with ET was observed only for peak SWTI suggesting that ET amplifies the already described effect of CoQ ( 10 ) on contractility of dysfunctional myocardium ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1886
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "27365",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Coenzyme Q10"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
12
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27366",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"( CoQ ( 10 ) )"
],
"offsets": [
[
115,
129
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27367",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"CoQ ( 10 )"
],
"offsets": [
[
117,
127
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27368",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"oral CoQ ( 10 ) ( 100 mg tid ) ,"
],
"offsets": [
[
685,
717
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27369",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"supervised exercise training ( ET )"
],
"offsets": [
[
734,
769
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27370",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
585,
592
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27371",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo plus ET"
],
"offsets": [
[
832,
847
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27372",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"CoQ ( 10 )"
],
"offsets": [
[
117,
127
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27373",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"ET"
],
"offsets": [
[
360,
362
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27374",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
585,
592
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27375",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"CoQ ( 10 )"
],
"offsets": [
[
117,
127
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27376",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"ET"
],
"offsets": [
[
360,
362
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27377",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"CoQ ( 10 )"
],
"offsets": [
[
117,
127
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27378",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"CoQ ( 10 )"
],
"offsets": [
[
117,
127
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27379",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"ET"
],
"offsets": [
[
360,
362
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27380",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"CoQ ( 10 ) ."
],
"offsets": [
[
1375,
1387
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27381",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Oral CoQ ( 10 )"
],
"offsets": [
[
1400,
1415
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27382",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"CoQ ( 10 )"
],
"offsets": [
[
117,
127
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27383",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"ET"
],
"offsets": [
[
360,
362
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27384",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"CoQ ( 10 )"
],
"offsets": [
[
117,
127
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27385",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"CoQ ( 10 )"
],
"offsets": [
[
117,
127
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27386",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"ET"
],
"offsets": [
[
360,
362
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27387",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"ET"
],
"offsets": [
[
360,
362
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27388",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"CoQ ( 10 )"
],
"offsets": [
[
117,
127
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27389",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"coenzyme Q ( 10 ) ( CoQ ( 10 ) ) levels"
],
"offsets": [
[
97,
136
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27390",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"cardiocirculatory efficiency and endothelial function"
],
"offsets": [
[
282,
335
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27391",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"peak VO ( 2 ) and endothelium-dependent dilation of the brachial artery ( EDDBA )"
],
"offsets": [
[
883,
964
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27392",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"peak VO"
],
"offsets": [
[
780,
787
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27393",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"EDDBA"
],
"offsets": [
[
957,
962
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27394",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"systolic wall thickening score index ( SWTI )"
],
"offsets": [
[
1109,
1154
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27395",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"plasma CoQ ( 10 ) level"
],
"offsets": [
[
1259,
1282
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27396",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"functional capacity"
],
"offsets": [
[
1425,
1444
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27397",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"endothelial function"
],
"offsets": [
[
315,
335
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27398",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"LV contractility"
],
"offsets": [
[
1474,
1490
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27399",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"side effects"
],
"offsets": [
[
1343,
1355
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27400",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"SWTI"
],
"offsets": [
[
1148,
1152
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27401",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"contractility of dysfunctional myocardium"
],
"offsets": [
[
1843,
1884
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27402",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"chronic heart failure"
],
"offsets": [
[
38,
59
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27403",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"patients with advanced chronic heart failure ( CHF ) ."
],
"offsets": [
[
149,
203
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27404",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"CHF"
],
"offsets": [
[
196,
199
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27405",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"23"
],
"offsets": [
[
390,
392
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27406",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"20"
],
"offsets": [
[
429,
431
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27407",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"men"
],
"offsets": [
[
260,
263
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27408",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"three"
],
"offsets": [
[
438,
443
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27409",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"women"
],
"offsets": [
[
444,
449
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27410",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"59+/-9 years"
],
"offsets": [
[
461,
473
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27411",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"CHF"
],
"offsets": [
[
196,
199
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
27412 | 16887481 | [
{
"id": "27413",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Left thoracoabdominal approach versus abdominal-transhiatal approach for gastric cancer of the cardia or subcardia : a randomised controlled trial . BACKGROUND Because of the inaccessibility of mediastinal nodal metastases , the left thoracoabdominal approach ( LTA ) has often been used to treat gastric cancer of the cardia or subcardia . In a randomised phase III study , we aimed to compare LTA with the abdominal-transhiatal approach ( TH ) in the treatment of these tumours . METHODS Between July , 1995 , and December , 2003 , 167 patients were enrolled from 27 Japanese hospitals and randomly assigned to TH ( n=82 ) or LTA ( n=85 ) . The primary endpoint was overall survival , and secondary endpoints were disease-free survival , postoperative morbidity and hospital mortality , and postoperative symptoms and change of respiratory function . The projected sample size was 302 . After the first interim analysis , the predicted probability of LTA having a significantly better overall survival than TH at the final analysis was only 3.65 % , and the trial was closed immediately . Analysis was by intention to treat . This study is registered with , number NCT00149266 . FINDINGS 5-year overall survival was 52.3 % ( 95 % CI 40.4-64.1 ) in the TH group and 37.9 % ( 26.1-49.6 ) in the LTA group . The hazard ratio of death for LTA compared with TH was 1.36 ( 0.89-2.08 , p=0.92 ) . Three patients died in hospital after LTA but none after TH . Morbidity was worse after LTA than after TH . INTERPRETATION Because LTA does not improve survival after TH and leads to increased morbidity in patients with cancer of the cardia or subcardia , LTA can not be justified to treat these tumours ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1697
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "27414",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"Left thoracoabdominal approach"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
30
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27415",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"abdominal-transhiatal approach"
],
"offsets": [
[
38,
68
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27416",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"left thoracoabdominal approach ( LTA )"
],
"offsets": [
[
229,
267
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27417",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"LTA with the abdominal-transhiatal approach ( TH ) in the treatment"
],
"offsets": [
[
395,
462
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27418",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"compare"
],
"offsets": [
[
387,
394
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27419",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"overall survival"
],
"offsets": [
[
668,
684
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27420",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"disease-free survival"
],
"offsets": [
[
716,
737
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27421",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"postoperative morbidity"
],
"offsets": [
[
740,
763
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27422",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"hospital mortality"
],
"offsets": [
[
768,
786
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27423",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"postoperative symptoms"
],
"offsets": [
[
793,
815
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27424",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"change of respiratory function"
],
"offsets": [
[
820,
850
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27425",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"5-year overall survival"
],
"offsets": [
[
1190,
1213
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27426",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"hazard ratio of death"
],
"offsets": [
[
1311,
1332
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27427",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"for LTA"
],
"offsets": [
[
1333,
1340
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27428",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"died"
],
"offsets": [
[
1407,
1411
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27429",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Morbidity"
],
"offsets": [
[
1454,
1463
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27430",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"The projected sample size was 302 . After the first interim analysis , the predicted probability of LTA having a significantly better overall survival than TH at the final analysis was only 3.65 % , and the trial was closed immediately ."
],
"offsets": [
[
853,
1090
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27431",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"patients with cancer of the cardia or subcardia"
],
"offsets": [
[
1598,
1645
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
27432 | 16889080 | [
{
"id": "27433",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"[ Pilot results of using tamsulone-FS in patients with prostatic adenoma according to the results of a randomized multicenter comparative trial ] . Tamsulone-FS -- a novel Russian alpha1A/D-adrenoblocker ( Farm-Syntez ) -- was studied in a randomized multicenter comparative trial in patients with prostatic adenoma . Pilot results agreed with other trials published in the literature and demonstrated tamsulone-FS efficacy and safety for management of lower urinary tract symptoms caused by prostatic adenoma . The efficacy and safety of tamsulone-FS was comparable to those of omnik . This drug can be recommended for wide clinical practice in prostatic adenoma . It is registered by Roszdravnadzor ( certificate N LC-000859 of 03.11.2005 ) and allowed for production and sale ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
780
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "27434",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"tamsulone-FS"
],
"offsets": [
[
25,
37
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27435",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Tamsulone-FS --"
],
"offsets": [
[
148,
163
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27436",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"tamsulone-FS"
],
"offsets": [
[
25,
37
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27437",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"tamsulone-FS"
],
"offsets": [
[
25,
37
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27438",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"efficacy and safety for management of lower urinary tract symptoms"
],
"offsets": [
[
415,
481
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27439",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"The efficacy and safety of tamsulone-FS was comparable to those of omnik ."
],
"offsets": [
[
512,
586
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27440",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"prostatic adenoma ."
],
"offsets": [
[
298,
317
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27441",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"prostatic adenoma"
],
"offsets": [
[
55,
72
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27442",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"prostatic adenoma"
],
"offsets": [
[
55,
72
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
27443 | 16900709 | [
{
"id": "27444",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"The efficacy of conventional PCNL and two modifications to standard procedure . OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy of conventional Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy ( PCNL ) with two of its modified procedures . METHODS A randomized controlled trial , was performed on 60 patients undergoing PCNL . Cases of renal stone regardless of stone size and configuration , having pre-operative negative urine culture , no coagulopathy , and no visible residual stone in intra-operative fluoroscopy , were included . They were randomly divided into 3 groups of 20 cases each with nephrostomy tube ( NT ) and temporary ureteral catheter ( TU ) in group A , only TU in group B and only indwelling ureteral catheter ( IU ) in group C. Mean age of cases were 43.2 ( 25-70 ) , 40.1 ( 25-73 ) , and 44 ( 25-70 ) years in groups A , B and C , respectively ( P = 0.6 ) . Procedures were performed under general anaesthesia , using standard techniques for access and lithotomy . Forty-eight hours , 2 weeks and 3 months after PCNL , plain X-ray abdomen , ultrasonography and IVP were performed for each case . RESULTS Only one case in group A had urinary leakage after removal of nephrostomy tube . No cases in the other two groups encountered this problem . There was no haemorrhagic episode . Ultrasonic evaluation showed mild residue in 3 , 1 and 1 cases of groups A , B and C , respectively ( P = 0.2 ) . No collective fluid was found in these groups . IVP showed dilatation without obstruction in 3 subjects of group A and none in group B or C ( P = 0.03 ) . CONCLUSION Tubeless PCNL seems to be accompanied by better outcome . So , further evaluation on more patients seems necessary ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1667
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "27445",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"conventional PCNL"
],
"offsets": [
[
16,
33
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27446",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"conventional Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy ( PCNL )"
],
"offsets": [
[
117,
167
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27447",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"PCNL"
],
"offsets": [
[
29,
33
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27448",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"nephrostomy tube ( NT )"
],
"offsets": [
[
565,
588
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27449",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"temporary ureteral catheter ( TU )"
],
"offsets": [
[
593,
627
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27450",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"only TU"
],
"offsets": [
[
641,
648
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27451",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"only indwelling ureteral catheter ( IU )"
],
"offsets": [
[
664,
704
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27452",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"PCNL"
],
"offsets": [
[
29,
33
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27453",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"Tubeless PCNL"
],
"offsets": [
[
1551,
1564
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27454",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"urinary leakage"
],
"offsets": [
[
1123,
1138
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27455",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"haemorrhagic episode"
],
"offsets": [
[
1248,
1268
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27456",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"mild residue"
],
"offsets": [
[
1300,
1312
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27457",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"collective fluid"
],
"offsets": [
[
1388,
1404
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27458",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"dilatation without obstruction"
],
"offsets": [
[
1444,
1474
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27459",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"60"
],
"offsets": [
[
263,
265
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27460",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"PCNL"
],
"offsets": [
[
29,
33
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27461",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Cases of renal stone"
],
"offsets": [
[
293,
313
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27462",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"age of cases were 43.2 ( 25-70 ) , 40.1 ( 25-73 ) , and 44 ( 25-70 ) years"
],
"offsets": [
[
722,
796
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
27463 | 16904524 | [
{
"id": "27464",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Effectiveness of a clinical intervention in improving pain control in outpatients with cancer treated by radiation therapy . PURPOSE To determine the effectiveness of a multicomponent clinical intervention to reduce pain in outpatients with cancer . METHODS AND MATERIALS Sixty-four patients were randomly assigned to receive either a clinical intervention including an information session , the use of a pain diary , and the possibility to contact a physician to adjust the pain medication , or the usual treatment of pain by the staff radiation oncologist . All patients reported their average and worst pain levels at baseline and 2 and 3 weeks after the start of the intervention . RESULTS The study groups were similar with respect to their baseline characteristics and pain levels at randomization . After 3 weeks , the average and worst pain experienced by patients randomized to the clinical intervention group was significantly inferior to the average pain experienced by patients in the control group ( 2.9/10 vs. 4.4/10 and 4.2/10 vs. 5.5/10 , respectively ) . Results showed that the experimental group patients decreased their pain levels more than the control group patients did over time . CONCLUSION An intervention including patient education , a pain diary , and defining a procedure for therapeutic adjustments can be effective to improve pain relief in outpatients with cancer ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1398
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "27465",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"clinical intervention"
],
"offsets": [
[
19,
40
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27466",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"radiation therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
105,
122
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27467",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"multicomponent clinical intervention"
],
"offsets": [
[
169,
205
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27468",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"clinical intervention"
],
"offsets": [
[
19,
40
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27469",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"information session"
],
"offsets": [
[
370,
389
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27470",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"pain diary"
],
"offsets": [
[
405,
415
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27471",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"contact a physician"
],
"offsets": [
[
441,
460
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27472",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"or the usual treatment of pain by the staff radiation oncologist"
],
"offsets": [
[
493,
557
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27473",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"clinical intervention group"
],
"offsets": [
[
891,
918
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27474",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"patient education"
],
"offsets": [
[
1242,
1259
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27475",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"a pain diary"
],
"offsets": [
[
403,
415
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27476",
"type": "Intervention_Psychological",
"text": [
"therapeutic adjustments"
],
"offsets": [
[
1306,
1329
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27477",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"pain levels"
],
"offsets": [
[
606,
617
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27478",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"a pain diary"
],
"offsets": [
[
403,
415
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27479",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"improve pain relief"
],
"offsets": [
[
1350,
1369
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27480",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"cancer"
],
"offsets": [
[
87,
93
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27481",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"cancer"
],
"offsets": [
[
87,
93
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27482",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Sixty-four patients"
],
"offsets": [
[
272,
291
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27483",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"cancer"
],
"offsets": [
[
87,
93
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
27484 | 16904652 | [
{
"id": "27485",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Oxytocin increases retention of social cognition in autism . BACKGROUND Oxytocin dysfunction might contribute to the development of social deficits in autism , a core symptom domain and potential target for intervention . This study explored the effect of intravenous oxytocin administration on the retention of social information in autism . METHODS Oxytocin and placebo challenges were administered to 15 adult subjects diagnosed with autism or Asperger 's disorder , and comprehension of affective speech ( happy , indifferent , angry , and sad ) in neutral content sentences was tested . RESULTS All subjects showed improvements in affective speech comprehension from pre- to post-infusion ; however , whereas those who received placebo first tended to revert to baseline after a delay , those who received oxytocin first retained the ability to accurately assign emotional significance to speech intonation on the speech comprehension task . CONCLUSIONS These results are consistent with studies linking oxytocin to social recognition in rodents as well as studies linking oxytocin to prosocial behavior in humans and suggest that oxytocin might facilitate social information processing in those with autism . These findings also provide preliminary support for the use of oxytocin in the treatment of autism ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1315
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "27486",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Oxytocin"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
8
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27487",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Oxytocin"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
8
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27488",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"oxytocin"
],
"offsets": [
[
268,
276
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27489",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Oxytocin"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
8
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27490",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
364,
371
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27491",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
364,
371
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27492",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"oxytocin"
],
"offsets": [
[
268,
276
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27493",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"oxytocin"
],
"offsets": [
[
268,
276
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27494",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"retention of social cognition"
],
"offsets": [
[
19,
48
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27495",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"affective speech comprehension"
],
"offsets": [
[
636,
666
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27496",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"assign emotional significance to speech intonation"
],
"offsets": [
[
861,
911
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27497",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"social recognition"
],
"offsets": [
[
1021,
1039
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27498",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"prosocial behavior"
],
"offsets": [
[
1090,
1108
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27499",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"15"
],
"offsets": [
[
404,
406
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27500",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"adult"
],
"offsets": [
[
407,
412
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27501",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"autism or Asperger 's disorder"
],
"offsets": [
[
437,
467
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
27502 | 16904970 | [
{
"id": "27503",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Patient-reported outcomes after inguinal herniorrhaphy . BACKGROUND Patient-reported outcomes ( PRO ) reflect the functional outcomes of inguinal herniorrhaphy . We studied the effect of hernia recurrence and complications on PRO for participants in the Veterans Affairs trial of Open or Laparoscopic Repair of Inguinal Hernia . METHODS Analyzed PRO included ( 1 ) the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 , version 2 , ( 2 ) the Surgical Pain Scale , ( 3 ) the Activities Assessment Scale , and ( 4 ) patient satisfaction . Recurrences and complications were recorded at follow-up visits . Complications were categorized by ( 1 ) hematoma/seroma , ( 2 ) orchitis , ( 3 ) neuralgia , and ( 4 ) other . Univariate and multivariable regression analyses identified variables significantly associated with postoperative PRO . RESULTS Of the 1603 patients with PRO data , 105 had a recurrence and 342 had a complication at 2 years . Multivariable analyses showed neuralgia ( P < .0005 ) adversely affected all PRO , and recurrence ( P < .05 ) affected patient-reported pain , activity , and satisfaction , but not the score for the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 3 . Patients with a recurrence after open repair had more pain than those with a recurrence after laparoscopic repair ( P = .0001 ) . Patients with other complications after laparoscopic repair reported more pain and less activity than those with other complications after open repair ( P = .003 and P = .009 , respectively ) . CONCLUSIONS The effectiveness of inguinal herniorrhaphy should be measured by the rate of recurrence and neuralgia . Postoperative neuralgias have a deleterious effect on all patient-reported outcomes ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1691
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "27504",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"inguinal herniorrhaphy ."
],
"offsets": [
[
32,
56
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27505",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"inguinal herniorrhaphy ."
],
"offsets": [
[
32,
56
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27506",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"hematoma/seroma"
],
"offsets": [
[
631,
646
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27507",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"orchitis"
],
"offsets": [
[
655,
663
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27508",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"neuralgia"
],
"offsets": [
[
672,
681
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27509",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"neuralgia"
],
"offsets": [
[
672,
681
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27510",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"patient-reported pain"
],
"offsets": [
[
1047,
1068
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27511",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"activity"
],
"offsets": [
[
1071,
1079
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27512",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"satisfaction"
],
"offsets": [
[
510,
522
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27513",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 3"
],
"offsets": [
[
369,
404
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27514",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"pain"
],
"offsets": [
[
1064,
1068
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27515",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"pain"
],
"offsets": [
[
1064,
1068
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27516",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"less activity"
],
"offsets": [
[
1378,
1391
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27517",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"recurrence"
],
"offsets": [
[
194,
204
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27518",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"neuralgia"
],
"offsets": [
[
672,
681
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
27519 | 16907931 | [
{
"id": "27520",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Atorvastatin and quinapril inhibit blood coagulation in patients with coronary artery disease following 28 days of therapy . BACKGROUND We evaluated the antithrombotic effects of statins and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor ( ACEI ) drugs in patients with coronary artery disease ( CAD ) . METHODS AND RESULTS Blood coagulation at the site of microvascular injury was assessed in 26 males with CAD before and after treatment with quinapril ( 10 mg day-1 ; n=13 ) or atorvastatin ( 40 mg day-1 ; n=13 ) for 4 weeks and an additional 4 weeks of combined therapy ( quinapril+atorvastatin ) . Rates of prothrombin and factor V activation ( FVa ) , fibrinogen ( Fbg ) cleavage and FVa inactivation showed that both quinapril and atorvastatin decreased the rates of : formation of thrombin B-chain ( by 30.6 % , P=0.007 ; and by 34.3 % , P=0.003 ) , formation of thrombin-antithrombin complexes ( by 30.4 % , P=0.0002 ; and by 40 % , P=0.001 ) , FV activation ( by 19.1 % , P=0.03 ; and by 21.8 % , P=0.005 ) and Fbg depletion ( by 29.2 % , P=0.004 ; and by 32.7 % , P=0.001 ) . Atorvastatin alone accelerated FVa inactivation ( P=0.005 ) . A further 4 weeks of combined therapy enhanced most anticoagulant effects only when atorvastatin was added to quinapril . CONCLUSIONS In CAD patients , atorvastatin and quinapril slowed blood clotting at the site of microvascular injury after 28 days of therapy . Addition of atorvastatin to quinapril , but not quinapril to the statin , enhanced the anticoagulant effects . Our findings might help explain the reduced risk of myocardial infarction or stroke in patients treated with statins and/or ACEIs and the lack of clinical benefits from ACEI added to prior statin therapy in patients at cardiovascular risk ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1757
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "27521",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Atorvastatin"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
12
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27522",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"quinapril"
],
"offsets": [
[
17,
26
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27523",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"statins"
],
"offsets": [
[
179,
186
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27524",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor ( ACEI ) drugs"
],
"offsets": [
[
191,
245
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27525",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"quinapril"
],
"offsets": [
[
17,
26
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27526",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"atorvastatin"
],
"offsets": [
[
473,
485
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27527",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"atorvastatin"
],
"offsets": [
[
473,
485
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27528",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"quinapril"
],
"offsets": [
[
17,
26
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27529",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"quinapril"
],
"offsets": [
[
17,
26
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27530",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"statin"
],
"offsets": [
[
6,
12
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27531",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"statins"
],
"offsets": [
[
179,
186
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27532",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Rates of prothrombin and factor V activation ( FVa )"
],
"offsets": [
[
596,
648
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27533",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"fibrinogen ( Fbg ) cleavage"
],
"offsets": [
[
651,
678
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27534",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"FVa inactivation"
],
"offsets": [
[
683,
699
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27535",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"formation of thrombin B-chain"
],
"offsets": [
[
769,
798
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27536",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"formation of thrombin-antithrombin complexes"
],
"offsets": [
[
851,
895
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27537",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"FV activation"
],
"offsets": [
[
947,
960
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27538",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Fbg depletion"
],
"offsets": [
[
1014,
1027
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27539",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"FVa inactivation"
],
"offsets": [
[
683,
699
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27540",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"anticoagulant effects"
],
"offsets": [
[
1194,
1215
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27541",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"patients with coronary artery disease"
],
"offsets": [
[
56,
93
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27542",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"patients with coronary artery disease ( CAD )"
],
"offsets": [
[
249,
294
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27543",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"26"
],
"offsets": [
[
387,
389
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27544",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"males"
],
"offsets": [
[
390,
395
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27545",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"CAD patients"
],
"offsets": [
[
1279,
1291
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
27546 | 16908870 | [
{
"id": "27547",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"A randomized comparison of the effect of two prelinguistic communication interventions on the acquisition of spoken communication in preschoolers with ASD . PURPOSE This randomized group experiment compared the efficacy of 2 communication interventions ( Responsive Education and Prelinguistic Milieu Teaching [ RPMT ] and the Picture Exchange Communication System [ PECS ] ) on spoken communication in 36 preschoolers with autism spectrum disorders ( ASD ) . METHOD Each treatment was delivered to children for a maximum total of 24 hr over a 6-month period . Spoken communication was assessed in a rigorous test of generalization at pretreatment , posttreatment , and 6-month follow-up periods . RESULTS PECS was more successful than RPMT in increasing the number of nonimitative spoken communication acts and the number of different nonimitative words used at the posttreatment period . Considering growth over all 3 measurement periods , an exploratory analysis showed that growth rate of the number of different nonimitative words was faster in the PECS group than in the RPMT group for children who began treatment with relatively high object exploration . In contrast , analogous slopes were steeper in the RPMT group than in the PECS group for children who began treatment with relatively low object exploration ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1321
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "27548",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"prelinguistic communication interventions"
],
"offsets": [
[
45,
86
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27549",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"communication interventions"
],
"offsets": [
[
59,
86
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27550",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"( Responsive Education"
],
"offsets": [
[
253,
275
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27551",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"Prelinguistic Milieu Teaching [ RPMT ]"
],
"offsets": [
[
280,
318
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27552",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"the"
],
"offsets": [
[
27,
30
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27553",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"Picture Exchange Communication System"
],
"offsets": [
[
327,
364
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27554",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"[ PECS ] )"
],
"offsets": [
[
365,
375
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27555",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"PECS was more successful than RPMT in increasing the"
],
"offsets": [
[
706,
758
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27556",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"number of nonimitative spoken communication acts"
],
"offsets": [
[
759,
807
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27557",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"and the number of different nonimitative words used at the posttreatment period ."
],
"offsets": [
[
808,
889
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27558",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"growth rate of the number of different nonimitative words"
],
"offsets": [
[
978,
1035
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27559",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"was faster in the PECS"
],
"offsets": [
[
1036,
1058
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27560",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"analogous slopes"
],
"offsets": [
[
1177,
1193
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27561",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"ASD"
],
"offsets": [
[
151,
154
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27562",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"36"
],
"offsets": [
[
403,
405
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27563",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"autism spectrum disorders ( ASD )"
],
"offsets": [
[
424,
457
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
27564 | 16909273 | [
{
"id": "27565",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"A comparative study of the pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen arginate versus dexibuprofen in healthy volunteers . OBJECTIVE Ibuprofen arginate is a salt formulation of ibuprofen designed to reach target concentrations rapidly . The primary objective of this study was to compare the 12-h pharmacokinetic profile of S ( + ) -ibuprofen following administration of single doses of ibuprofen arginate ( 600 mg ) and dexibuprofen ( 400 mg ) in healthy volunteers . METHODS Twenty-four volunteers were recruited into an open-label , randomised , two-period , single-centre study with crossover design . RESULTS Both treatments were well tolerated . Ibuprofen arginate and dexibuprofen showed similar bioavailability for S ( + ) -ibuprofen . Compared with dexibuprofen , ibuprofen arginate demonstrated a 45 % higher maximum concentration ( C ( max ) ) , and a time to peak concentration ( T ( max ) ) 2 h sooner . CONCLUSION Ibuprofen arginate approaches maximum concentrations of S ( + ) -ibuprofen faster and higher than dexibuprofen ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1027
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "27566",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ibuprofen arginate"
],
"offsets": [
[
47,
65
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27567",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"dexibuprofen"
],
"offsets": [
[
73,
85
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27568",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Ibuprofen arginate"
],
"offsets": [
[
120,
138
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27569",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ibuprofen"
],
"offsets": [
[
47,
56
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27570",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"S ( + ) -ibuprofen"
],
"offsets": [
[
311,
329
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27571",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ibuprofen arginate"
],
"offsets": [
[
47,
65
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27572",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"dexibuprofen"
],
"offsets": [
[
73,
85
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27573",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Ibuprofen arginate"
],
"offsets": [
[
120,
138
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27574",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"dexibuprofen"
],
"offsets": [
[
73,
85
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27575",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"S ( + ) -ibuprofen"
],
"offsets": [
[
311,
329
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27576",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"dexibuprofen"
],
"offsets": [
[
73,
85
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27577",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ibuprofen arginate"
],
"offsets": [
[
47,
65
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27578",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Ibuprofen arginate"
],
"offsets": [
[
120,
138
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27579",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"dexibuprofen"
],
"offsets": [
[
73,
85
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27580",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"comparative study of the pharmacokinetics"
],
"offsets": [
[
2,
43
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27581",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"pharmacokinetic profile"
],
"offsets": [
[
284,
307
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27582",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"bioavailability for S ( + ) -ibuprofen"
],
"offsets": [
[
690,
728
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27583",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"maximum concentration ( C ( max ) )"
],
"offsets": [
[
806,
841
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27584",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"time to peak concentration ( T ( max ) )"
],
"offsets": [
[
850,
890
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
27585 | 16911649 | [
{
"id": "27586",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Topical adrenaline in the control of intraoperative bleeding in adenoidectomy : a randomised , controlled trial . OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy of topical racemic adrenaline ( RA ) ( Micronefrin ; Bird Products , Palm Springs , CA , USA ) in the control of intraoperative bleeding and the prevention of postoperative bleeding , laryngeal spasm and postoperative pain in adenoidectomy among children < 6 years of age . DESIGN Prospective , randomised , blinded and placebo-controlled trial . SETTING Kanta-Hame Central Hospital , a district referral center in Finland . PATIENTS A consecutive sample of 93 children undergoing outpatient adenoidectomy . INTERVENTION Patients were randomised to receive topical gauze sponges soaked in either 1:500 RA or 0.9 % sodium chloride ( physiological saline ) for 3 min after adenoidectomy . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Amount of intraoperative bleeding ( surgeons ' subjective estimate ) , need for additional packings , need for electrocautery , laryngeal spasm , postoperative bleeding and pain , duration of procedure and duration of patients ' stay in the operation room ( OR ) . RESULTS Adrenaline significantly decreased surgeons ' subjective estimate of the amount of intraoperative bleeding ( proportion of patients with significant decrease 67 versus 21 % , P < 0.001 ) , reduced the mean number of packings needed ( 0.6 versus 1.2 , P < 0.001 ) and use of electrocautery ( 22 versus 45 % , P = 0.015 ) , and shortened the mean duration of the procedure ( 13 versus 18 min , P = 0.043 ) and the mean stay in the OR ( 31 versus 35 min , P = 0.058 ) . The impact of adrenaline was even more pronounced among patients with extensive adenoids and/or profuse intraoperative bleeding . A slight elevation of heart rate was observed more often in the adrenaline group ( P = 0.043 ) . CONCLUSIONS Use of topical adrenaline can be recommended in adenoidectomy among children . It helps control the intraoperative bleeding , reduces the use of electrocautery and shortens the durations of procedure and stay in the OR ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2058
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "27587",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"adrenaline"
],
"offsets": [
[
8,
18
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27588",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"racemic adrenaline ( RA )"
],
"offsets": [
[
161,
186
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27589",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"topical gauze sponges soaked"
],
"offsets": [
[
707,
735
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27590",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"RA"
],
"offsets": [
[
182,
184
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27591",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"0.9 %"
],
"offsets": [
[
758,
763
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27592",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"sodium chloride ( physiological saline )"
],
"offsets": [
[
764,
804
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27593",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"adenoidectomy"
],
"offsets": [
[
64,
77
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27594",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Adrenaline"
],
"offsets": [
[
1132,
1142
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27595",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"adrenaline"
],
"offsets": [
[
8,
18
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27596",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"adrenaline"
],
"offsets": [
[
8,
18
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27597",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"adrenaline"
],
"offsets": [
[
8,
18
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27598",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"intraoperative bleeding"
],
"offsets": [
[
37,
60
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27599",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"intraoperative bleeding"
],
"offsets": [
[
37,
60
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27600",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"prevention of postoperative bleeding"
],
"offsets": [
[
295,
331
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27601",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"laryngeal spasm and postoperative pain"
],
"offsets": [
[
334,
372
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27602",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"intraoperative bleeding"
],
"offsets": [
[
37,
60
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27603",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"need for additional packings , need for electrocautery , laryngeal spasm , postoperative bleeding and pain , duration of procedure and duration of patients ' stay in the operation room ( OR )"
],
"offsets": [
[
930,
1121
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27604",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"amount of intraoperative bleeding"
],
"offsets": [
[
1205,
1238
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27605",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"number of packings needed"
],
"offsets": [
[
1338,
1363
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27606",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"use of electrocautery"
],
"offsets": [
[
1399,
1420
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27607",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"duration of the procedure"
],
"offsets": [
[
1477,
1502
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27608",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"stay in the OR"
],
"offsets": [
[
1549,
1563
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27609",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"adenoids"
],
"offsets": [
[
1679,
1687
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27610",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"intraoperative bleeding"
],
"offsets": [
[
37,
60
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27611",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"elevation of heart rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
1738,
1761
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27612",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"intraoperative bleeding"
],
"offsets": [
[
37,
60
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27613",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"electrocautery"
],
"offsets": [
[
970,
984
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27614",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"procedure and stay in the OR"
],
"offsets": [
[
2028,
2056
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27615",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"adenoidectomy"
],
"offsets": [
[
64,
77
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27616",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children < 6 years"
],
"offsets": [
[
396,
414
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27617",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"93"
],
"offsets": [
[
608,
610
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27618",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
396,
404
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27619",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"extensive adenoids"
],
"offsets": [
[
1669,
1687
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27620",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"profuse intraoperative bleeding"
],
"offsets": [
[
1695,
1726
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27621",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
396,
404
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
27622 | 16911869 | [
{
"id": "27623",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Cardiac safety of formoterol 12 microg twice daily in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease . BACKGROUND Some evidence suggests an increased risk of myocardial infarction and dysrhythmia events associated with beta ( 2 ) -agonist use in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ) . This prospective , multicenter , randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled study compared the cardiac safety of formoterol and placebo in patients with COPD . METHODS After a 3-14-day run-in , 204 patients were randomized to receive formoterol 12 microg dry powder inhalation or matching placebo twice daily for 8 weeks . Twenty four-hour continuous electrocardiography ( Holter monitoring ) was performed at screening and after 2 and 8 weeks of treatment . RESULTS Only a small number of patients met the predefined criteria for a proarrhythmic event ( 4 formoterol and 2 placebo patients ) . No patients had sustained postbaseline ventricular tachycardia events , postbaseline run of ventricular ectopic beats associated with relevant symptoms ( e.g . hypotension , syncope ) , or an episode of ventricular flutter or fibrillation . Holter monitoring data were variable but showed no clinically meaningful differences between the formoterol and placebo groups , respectively , for variables such as ( mean+/-SD at end of treatment ) : heart rate ( 80+/-8.6 vs. 80+/-10.6 bpm ) , number and rate of ventricular premature beats ( total 732+/-2685.4 vs. 650+/-2090.6 ; rate 35+/-131.0 vs. 30+/-101.3 per h ) , ventricular tachycardia events ( total 0.4+/-1.70 vs. 1.0+/-9.23 ; rate 0.02+/-0.082 vs. 0.05+/-0.479 per h ) , and supraventricular premature beats ( total 504+/-1844.1 vs. 823+/-2961.8 ; rate 22+/-80.6 vs. 37+/-129.6 per h ) . Vital signs and electrocardiogram data , including corrected QT intervals ( Bazett and Fridericia ) , were similar across treatment groups . The overall adverse event experience was similar in the formoterol ( n=26 [ 27 % ] ) and placebo ( n=33 [ 31 % ] ) groups . The most common adverse events , infections and respiratory events , were expected for this patient population . The incidence of cardiac adverse events was low ( 1 formoterol and 4 placebo patients ) . CONCLUSIONS The results of this study confirm the good cardiovascular safety profile of formoterol in patients with COPD ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2347
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "27624",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"formoterol"
],
"offsets": [
[
18,
28
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27625",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"formoterol"
],
"offsets": [
[
18,
28
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27626",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
375,
382
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27627",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"formoterol 12 microg dry powder inhalation"
],
"offsets": [
[
552,
594
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27628",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
375,
382
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27629",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"Twenty four-hour continuous electrocardiography ( Holter monitoring )"
],
"offsets": [
[
641,
710
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27630",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"formoterol"
],
"offsets": [
[
18,
28
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27631",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
375,
382
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27632",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Cardiac"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
7
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27633",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"myocardial infarction"
],
"offsets": [
[
163,
184
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27634",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"dysrhythmia events"
],
"offsets": [
[
189,
207
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27635",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"proarrhythmic event"
],
"offsets": [
[
851,
870
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27636",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"postbaseline ventricular tachycardia events , postbaseline run of ventricular ectopic beats"
],
"offsets": [
[
939,
1030
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27637",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"hypotension , syncope"
],
"offsets": [
[
1073,
1094
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27638",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"episode of ventricular flutter or fibrillation"
],
"offsets": [
[
1105,
1151
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27639",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"heart rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
1356,
1366
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27640",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"number and rate of ventricular premature beats"
],
"offsets": [
[
1400,
1446
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27641",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"ventricular tachycardia events"
],
"offsets": [
[
952,
982
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27642",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"supraventricular premature beats"
],
"offsets": [
[
1644,
1676
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27643",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Vital signs"
],
"offsets": [
[
1757,
1768
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27644",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"electrocardiogram data , including corrected QT intervals"
],
"offsets": [
[
1773,
1830
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27645",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"overall adverse event experience"
],
"offsets": [
[
1902,
1934
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27646",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"adverse events , infections and respiratory events"
],
"offsets": [
[
2038,
2088
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27647",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"cardiac adverse events"
],
"offsets": [
[
2152,
2174
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27648",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"good cardiovascular safety"
],
"offsets": [
[
2275,
2301
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27649",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"chronic obstructive pulmonary disease"
],
"offsets": [
[
68,
105
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27650",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD )"
],
"offsets": [
[
265,
311
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27651",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"COPD"
],
"offsets": [
[
305,
309
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27652",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"204"
],
"offsets": [
[
512,
515
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27653",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"COPD"
],
"offsets": [
[
305,
309
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
27654 | 16915076 | [
{
"id": "27655",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Control of the lumbar neutral zone decreases low back pain and improves self-evaluated work ability : a 12-month randomized controlled study . STUDY DESIGN A randomized controlled study with 12 months intervention . OBJECTIVE To study the effectiveness of a training intervention with emphases on the control of lumbar neutral zone ( NZ ) and behavior modeling as secondary prevention of low back pain ( LBP ) and disability . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Improving the control of lumbar NZ and enhancing muscle activation patterns ensuring spinal stability have been proposed as means for secondary prevention of LBP and disability . In addition , cognitive behavior interventions have been shown to lower the risk of recurrence of LBP and long-term disability . METHODS Middle-aged working men with recent LBP but without severe disability were randomly allocated to either a training ( TG , n = 52 ) or control group ( CG , n = 54 ) . The aim was to exercise twice a week for 12 months , once guided and once independently . The outcome measures were the changes in intensity of LBP , disability , self-evaluated future work ability , and neuromuscular fitness . RESULTS The intensity of LBP decreased significantly more ( 39 % ) in the TG than in CG at 12 months . The proportion of subjects with negative expectations about their future work ability decreased in both groups at 6 and 12 months ; however , the proportion was significantly bigger in TG compared with CG ( P = 0.028 ) . There effects on disability indexes and fitness were not statistically significant . CONCLUSIONS Controlling lumbar NZ is a specific form of exercise and daily self-care with potential for prevention of recurrent nonspecific LBP and disability among middle aged working men ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1763
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "27656",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"training intervention with emphases on the control of lumbar neutral zone"
],
"offsets": [
[
258,
331
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27657",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"behavior modeling"
],
"offsets": [
[
343,
360
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27658",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"cognitive behavior interventions"
],
"offsets": [
[
647,
679
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27659",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"training"
],
"offsets": [
[
258,
266
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27660",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"control group"
],
"offsets": [
[
904,
917
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27661",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"exercise and daily self-care"
],
"offsets": [
[
1629,
1657
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27662",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"low back pain"
],
"offsets": [
[
45,
58
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27663",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"improves"
],
"offsets": [
[
63,
71
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27664",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"self-evaluated work ability"
],
"offsets": [
[
72,
99
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27665",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"low back pain ( LBP )"
],
"offsets": [
[
388,
409
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27666",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"disability"
],
"offsets": [
[
414,
424
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27667",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"LBP"
],
"offsets": [
[
404,
407
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27668",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"disability"
],
"offsets": [
[
414,
424
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27669",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"recurrence of LBP"
],
"offsets": [
[
717,
734
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27670",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"long-term disability"
],
"offsets": [
[
739,
759
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27671",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"changes in intensity of LBP"
],
"offsets": [
[
1056,
1083
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27672",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"disability"
],
"offsets": [
[
414,
424
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27673",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"self-evaluated future work ability"
],
"offsets": [
[
1099,
1133
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27674",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"neuromuscular fitness"
],
"offsets": [
[
1140,
1161
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27675",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"intensity of LBP"
],
"offsets": [
[
1067,
1083
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27676",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"proportion of subjects with negative expectations about their future work ability"
],
"offsets": [
[
1271,
1352
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27677",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"disability indexes and fitness"
],
"offsets": [
[
1505,
1535
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27678",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"low back pain"
],
"offsets": [
[
45,
58
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27679",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"low back pain ( LBP ) and disability ."
],
"offsets": [
[
388,
426
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27680",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"Middle-aged"
],
"offsets": [
[
770,
781
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27681",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"men"
],
"offsets": [
[
790,
793
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27682",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"training"
],
"offsets": [
[
258,
266
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
27683 | 16919138 | [
{
"id": "27684",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Randomized controlled trial of melatonin for children with autistic spectrum disorders and sleep problems . BACKGROUND Melatonin is often used for autistic children with sleep disorders , despite a lack of published evidence in this population . METHODS A randomized , placebo-controlled double-blind crossover trial of melatonin was undertaken in 11 children with autistic spectrum disorder ( ASD ) . RESULTS Seven children completed the trial . Sleep latency was 2.6 h [ 95 % confidence intervals ( CI ) 2.28-2.93 ] baseline , 1.91 h ( 95 % CI 1.78-2.03 ) with placebo and 1.06 h ( 95 % CI 0.98-1.13 ) with melatonin . Wakings per night were 0.35 ( 95 % CI 0.18-0.53 ) baseline , 0.26 ( 95 % CI 0.20-0.34 ) with placebo and 0.08 ( 95 % CI 0.04-0.12 ) with melatonin . Total sleep duration was 8.05 h ( 95 % CI 7.65-8.44 ) baseline , 8.75 h ( 95 % CI 8.56-8.98 ) with placebo and 9.84 h ( 95 % CI 9.68-9.99 ) with melatonin . CONCLUSIONS Although the study was small owing to recruitment difficulties , it still provides evidence of effectiveness of melatonin in children with sleep difficulties and ASD , which we predict a larger study would confirm ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1154
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "27685",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"melatonin"
],
"offsets": [
[
31,
40
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27686",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo-controlled"
],
"offsets": [
[
269,
287
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27687",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"melatonin"
],
"offsets": [
[
31,
40
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27688",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
269,
276
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27689",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Sleep latency"
],
"offsets": [
[
447,
460
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27690",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Wakings per night"
],
"offsets": [
[
621,
638
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27691",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Total sleep duration"
],
"offsets": [
[
770,
790
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27692",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"effectiveness"
],
"offsets": [
[
1034,
1047
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27693",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
45,
53
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27694",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"autistic spectrum disorders"
],
"offsets": [
[
59,
86
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27695",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"sleep problems"
],
"offsets": [
[
91,
105
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27696",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"autistic"
],
"offsets": [
[
59,
67
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27697",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
45,
53
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27698",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"sleep disorders"
],
"offsets": [
[
170,
185
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27699",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"11"
],
"offsets": [
[
348,
350
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27700",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
45,
53
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27701",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"autistic spectrum disorder ( ASD )"
],
"offsets": [
[
365,
399
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27702",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Seven"
],
"offsets": [
[
410,
415
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27703",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
45,
53
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27704",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
45,
53
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27705",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"sleep difficulties"
],
"offsets": [
[
1078,
1096
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27706",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"ASD"
],
"offsets": [
[
394,
397
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
27707 | 16920077 | [
{
"id": "27708",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Omega-3 fatty acids supplementation in children with autism : a double-blind randomized , placebo-controlled pilot study . BACKGROUND There is increasing evidence that fatty acid deficiencies or imbalances may contribute to childhood neurodevelopmental disorders . METHODS We conducted a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled 6-week pilot trial investigating the effects of 1.5 g/d of omega-3 fatty acids ( .84 g/d eicosapentaenoic acid , .7 g/d docosahexaenoic acid ) supplementation in 13 children ( aged 5 to 17 years ) with autistic disorders accompanied by severe tantrums , aggression , or self-injurious behavior . The outcome measure was the Aberrant Behavior Checklist ( ABC ) at 6 weeks . RESULTS We observed an advantage of omega-3 fatty acids compared with placebo for hyperactivity and stereotypy , each with a large effect size . Repeated-measures ANOVA indicated a trend toward superiority of omega-3 fatty acids over placebo for hyperactivity . No clinically relevant adverse effects were elicited in either group . CONCLUSIONS The results of this study provide preliminary evidence that omega-3 fatty acids may be an effective treatment for children with autism ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1189
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "27709",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Omega-3 fatty acids supplementation"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
35
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27710",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo-controlled"
],
"offsets": [
[
90,
108
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27711",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"1.5 g/d of omega-3 fatty acids ( .84 g/d eicosapentaenoic acid"
],
"offsets": [
[
383,
445
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27712",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
".7 g/d docosahexaenoic acid ) supplementation"
],
"offsets": [
[
448,
493
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27713",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"omega-3 fatty acids"
],
"offsets": [
[
394,
413
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27714",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
90,
97
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27715",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"omega-3 fatty acids"
],
"offsets": [
[
394,
413
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27716",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"omega-3 fatty acids"
],
"offsets": [
[
394,
413
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27717",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"Aberrant Behavior Checklist ( ABC )"
],
"offsets": [
[
659,
694
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27718",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"hyperactivity and stereotypy"
],
"offsets": [
[
790,
818
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27719",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"hyperactivity"
],
"offsets": [
[
790,
803
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27720",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"."
],
"offsets": [
[
121,
122
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27721",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"adverse effects"
],
"offsets": [
[
993,
1008
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27722",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"autism"
],
"offsets": [
[
53,
59
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27723",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"neurodevelopmental disorders ."
],
"offsets": [
[
234,
264
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27724",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"13"
],
"offsets": [
[
497,
499
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27725",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"aged 5 to 17 years"
],
"offsets": [
[
511,
529
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27726",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"severe tantrums , aggression , or self-injurious behavior"
],
"offsets": [
[
571,
628
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
27727 | 16923411 | [
{
"id": "27728",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Rationale and design of the Folic Acid for Vascular Outcome Reduction In Transplantation ( FAVORIT ) trial . BACKGROUND Patients with chronic kidney disease , including kidney transplant recipients , are at high risk for cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) . In addition to the constellation of traditional CVD risk factors in chronic kidney disease , elevated total homocysteine ( tHcy ) is notably more prevalent among the general population . The Folic Acid for Vascular Outcome Reduction In Transplantation ( FAVORIT ) trial is designed to evaluate whether lowering tHcy using vitamin supplementation reduces CVD events in renal transplant recipients . METHODS FAVORIT is a multicenter double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial . Participants are clinically stable renal transplant recipients who are 6 months or longer posttransplant with elevated tHcy . Patients are randomized to a multivitamin that includes either a high-dose or low-dose of folic acid ( 5 or 0 mg ) , vitamin B6 ( 50 or 1.4 mg ) , and vitamin B12 ( 1000 or 2 microg ) . The primary end point is a composite of incident or recurrent CVD outcomes , that is , coronary heart , cerebrovascular , or abdominal aortic/lower extremity arterial events . A sample size of 4000 is estimated to provide 87 % power to detect a 20 % treatment effect . Recruitment is expected to continue until July 2006 , with follow-up through June 2010 . RESULTS From August 2002 through December 2004 , 2234 of the target 4000 patients were enrolled . In accordance with trial design , mean ( SD ) screening tHcy was elevated ( 17.4 +/- 6.2 micromol/L ) , and mean ( SD ) estimated creatinine clearance was consistent with stable renal function ( 58.0 +/- 18.6 mL/min ) . Evaluating baseline results to date , 42 % of the randomized participants had a history of diabetes mellitus , and 21 % had prevalent CVD . CONCLUSIONS The FAVORIT trial is designed with sufficient power and follow-up time to detect a clinically relevant change in CVD risk between renal transplant recipients receiving a high or low tHcy-lowering folic acid multivitamin . Preliminary screening and baseline data support the trial 's objectives ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2172
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "27729",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Folic Acid"
],
"offsets": [
[
28,
38
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27730",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"The Folic Acid"
],
"offsets": [
[
441,
455
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27731",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"vitamin supplementation"
],
"offsets": [
[
576,
599
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27732",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"multivitamin that includes either a high-dose or low-dose of folic acid"
],
"offsets": [
[
892,
963
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27733",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"vitamin B6"
],
"offsets": [
[
980,
990
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27734",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"and vitamin B12"
],
"offsets": [
[
1010,
1025
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27735",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"folic acid multivitamin"
],
"offsets": [
[
2073,
2096
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27736",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"cardiovascular disease ( CVD )"
],
"offsets": [
[
221,
251
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27737",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"total homocysteine ( tHcy )"
],
"offsets": [
[
356,
383
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27738",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"CVD events"
],
"offsets": [
[
608,
618
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27739",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"composite of incident or recurrent CVD outcomes , that is , coronary heart , cerebrovascular , or abdominal aortic/lower extremity arterial events"
],
"offsets": [
[
1076,
1222
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27740",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"mean ( SD ) screening tHcy"
],
"offsets": [
[
1539,
1565
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27741",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"mean ( SD ) estimated creatinine clearance"
],
"offsets": [
[
1613,
1655
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27742",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"history of diabetes mellitus"
],
"offsets": [
[
1805,
1833
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27743",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"chronic kidney disease"
],
"offsets": [
[
134,
156
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27744",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"kidney transplant recipients"
],
"offsets": [
[
169,
197
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27745",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"renal transplant recipients"
],
"offsets": [
[
622,
649
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27746",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"renal transplant recipients"
],
"offsets": [
[
622,
649
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27747",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"elevated tHcy"
],
"offsets": [
[
847,
860
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27748",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"2234"
],
"offsets": [
[
1456,
1460
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27749",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"4000"
],
"offsets": [
[
1242,
1246
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27750",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"renal transplant recipients"
],
"offsets": [
[
622,
649
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
27751 | 16926619 | [
{
"id": "27752",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Children 's Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale modified for pervasive developmental disorders . OBJECTIVE To examine the psychometric properties of the Children 's Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scales ( CYBOCS ) modified for pervasive developmental disorders ( PDDs ) . METHOD Raters from five Research Units on Pediatric Psychopharmacology ( RUPP ) Autism Network were trained to reliability . The modified scale ( CYBOCS-PDD ) , which contains only the five Compulsion severity items ( range 0-20 ) , was administered to 172 medication-free children ( mean 8.2 +/- 2.6 years ) with PDD ( autistic disorder , n = 152 ; Asperger 's disorder , n = 6 ; PDD not otherwise specified , n = 14 ) participating in RUPP clinical trials . Reliability was assessed by intraclass correlation coefficient ( ICC ) and internal consistency by Cronbach 's alpha coefficient . Correlations with ratings of repetitive behavior and disruptive behavior were examined for validity . RESULTS Eleven raters showed excellent reliability ( ICC = 0.97 ) . The mean CYBOCS score was 14.4 ( +/- 3.86 ) with excellent internal consistency ( alpha = .85 ) . Correlations with other measures of repetitive behavior ranged from r = 0.11 to r = 0.28 and were similar to correlations with measures of irritability ( r = 0.24 ) and hyperactivity ( r = 0.25 ) . Children with higher scores on the CYBOCS-PDD had higher levels of maladaptive behaviors and lower adaptive functioning . CONCLUSIONS The five-item CYBOCS-PDD is reliable , distinct from other measures of repetitive behavior , and sensitive to change ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1584
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "27753",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"Children 's Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scales ( CYBOCS ) modified for pervasive developmental disorders ( PDDs )"
],
"offsets": [
[
155,
272
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27754",
"type": "Intervention_Psychological",
"text": [
"("
],
"offsets": [
[
206,
207
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27755",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"CYBOCS-PDD"
],
"offsets": [
[
421,
431
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27756",
"type": "Intervention_Psychological",
"text": [
")"
],
"offsets": [
[
215,
216
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27757",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"five Compulsion severity items"
],
"offsets": [
[
460,
490
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27758",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"Reliability"
],
"offsets": [
[
735,
746
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27759",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"reliability"
],
"offsets": [
[
386,
397
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27760",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"mean CYBOCS score"
],
"offsets": [
[
1040,
1057
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27761",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"internal consistency"
],
"offsets": [
[
810,
830
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27762",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"measures of irritability"
],
"offsets": [
[
1261,
1285
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27763",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"hyperactivity"
],
"offsets": [
[
1303,
1316
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27764",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"maladaptive behaviors"
],
"offsets": [
[
1399,
1420
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27765",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"lower adaptive functioning"
],
"offsets": [
[
1425,
1451
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
27766 | 16930934 | [
{
"id": "27767",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Heart rate variability and QT dispersion in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism . UNLABELLED The effect of subclinical hypothyroidism ( SH ) on cardiovascular autonomic function and ventricular repolarization has not been yet elucidated . The aim of the present study was to evaluate the dispersion of QT interval , i.e . an index of inhomogeneity of repolarization , and heart rate variability ( HRV ) , i.e . a measure of cardiac autonomic modulation , in SH patients . METHODS The study included 42 patients ( 29 women and 13 men ; mean age 53.2+/-14.2 years ; body surface area 1.76+/-0.14 m2 ) with SH , as judged by elevated serum TSH levels ( > 3.6 mIU/l ; range , 3.8-12.0 ) and normal free thyroid hormones ( FT4 and FT3 ) and 30 euthyroid volunteer . Subjects with cardiac , metabolic , neurological disease or any other systemic disease that could affect autonomic activity were excluded from the study . Patients with SH and control subjects underwent a full history , physical examination , standard 12-lead ECG , and 24-h ambulatory ECG monitoring . To evaluate the effect of treatment with L-thyroxine on QT dispersion and HRV , 15 patients with SH were randomly assigned to receive therapy with L-thyroxine . All the subjects were evaluated at enrolment and after 6 months . RESULTS Patients with SH showed higher QT dispersion and lower HRV measures than healthy controls ( P < 0.01 for all ) . In SH patients , the standard deviation of N-Ns ( SDNN ) was negatively related to TSH ( r=-0.42 , P=0.006 ) , while low frequency ( LF ) /high frequency ( HF ) ratio was positively related to TSH ( r=0.42 , P=0.006 ) . Moreover , in SH patients both QT dispersion and QTc dispersion were positively related to TSH ( r=0.64 and r=0.63 , P < 0.001 for both ) . After 6 months , the patients treated with L-tiroxine exhibited a reduction of QT dispersion and an increase of HRV parameters . CONCLUSION The results of the present study demonstrated that SH can alter autonomic modulation of heart rate and cause increased inhomogeneity of ventricular recovery times . Accordingly , early L-thyroxine treatment may be advised not only to prevent progression to overt hypothyroidism but also to improve abnormal cardiac autonomic function and ventricular repolarization inhomogeneity ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2297
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "27768",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"12-lead ECG , and 24-h ambulatory ECG monitoring"
],
"offsets": [
[
1018,
1066
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27769",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"L-thyroxine"
],
"offsets": [
[
1110,
1121
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27770",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"L-thyroxine"
],
"offsets": [
[
1110,
1121
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27771",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"L-tiroxine"
],
"offsets": [
[
1820,
1830
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27772",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"L-thyroxine"
],
"offsets": [
[
1110,
1121
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27773",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Heart rate variability"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
22
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27774",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"QT dispersion"
],
"offsets": [
[
27,
40
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27775",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"QT dispersion"
],
"offsets": [
[
27,
40
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27776",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"lower HRV measures"
],
"offsets": [
[
1353,
1371
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27777",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"standard deviation of N-Ns ( SDNN )"
],
"offsets": [
[
1438,
1473
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27778",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"low frequency ( LF ) /high frequency ( HF ) ratio"
],
"offsets": [
[
1534,
1583
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27779",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"QT dispersion"
],
"offsets": [
[
27,
40
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27780",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"QTc dispersion"
],
"offsets": [
[
1686,
1700
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27781",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"QT dispersion"
],
"offsets": [
[
27,
40
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27782",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"HRV parameters"
],
"offsets": [
[
1889,
1903
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27783",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"heart rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
377,
387
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27784",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"subclinical hypothyroidism"
],
"offsets": [
[
58,
84
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27785",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"subclinical hypothyroidism"
],
"offsets": [
[
58,
84
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27786",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"SH"
],
"offsets": [
[
141,
143
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27787",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"42 patients"
],
"offsets": [
[
504,
515
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27788",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"29"
],
"offsets": [
[
518,
520
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27789",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"women"
],
"offsets": [
[
521,
526
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27790",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"13"
],
"offsets": [
[
531,
533
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27791",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"men"
],
"offsets": [
[
523,
526
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27792",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"53.2+/-14.2"
],
"offsets": [
[
549,
560
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27793",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"SH"
],
"offsets": [
[
141,
143
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27794",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"cardiac , metabolic , neurological disease"
],
"offsets": [
[
780,
822
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27795",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"systemic disease"
],
"offsets": [
[
836,
852
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27796",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"SH"
],
"offsets": [
[
141,
143
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27797",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"SH"
],
"offsets": [
[
141,
143
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27798",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"SH"
],
"offsets": [
[
141,
143
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
27799 | 16939848 | [
{
"id": "27800",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Preventing paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy : a phase II trial of vitamin E supplementation . A randomized , controlled trial was performed to assess the efficacy and safety of vitamin E supplementation for prophylaxis against paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy ( PIPN ) . Thirty-two patients undergoing six courses of paclitaxel-based chemotherapy were randomly assigned to receive either chemotherapy with vitamin E ( 300 mg twice a day , Group I ) or chemotherapy without vitamin E supplementation ( Group II ) . A detailed neurological examination and electrophysiological study was performed during and 3 months after chemotherapy . The severity of PIPN was summarized by means of a modified Peripheral Neuropathy ( PNP ) score . The incidence of neurotoxicity differed significantly between groups , occurring in 3/16 ( 18.7 % ) patients assigned to the vitamin E supplementation group and in 10/16 ( 62.5 % ) controls ( P=0.03 ) . The relative risk ( RR ) of developing PIPN was significantly higher in controls than in vitamin E group patients ( RR=0.3 , 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) =0.1-0.9 ) . Mean PNP scores were 2.25+/-5.1 ( range 0-15 ) for patients in Group I and 11+/-11.63 ( range 0-32 ) for those in Group II ( P=0.01 ) . Vitamin E supplementation was well tolerated and showed an excellent safety profile . This study shows that vitamin E effectively and safely protects patients with cancer from the occurrence of paclitaxel-induced peripheral nerve damage . A double-blind , placebo-controlled trial is needed to confirm these results ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1575
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "27801",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"vitamin E supplementation"
],
"offsets": [
[
74,
99
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27802",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"vitamin E supplementation"
],
"offsets": [
[
74,
99
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27803",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"paclitaxel-based chemotherapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
333,
362
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27804",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"chemotherapy with vitamin E"
],
"offsets": [
[
404,
431
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27805",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"chemotherapy without vitamin E supplementation"
],
"offsets": [
[
468,
514
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27806",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"chemotherapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
350,
362
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27807",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"vitamin E supplementation"
],
"offsets": [
[
74,
99
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27808",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"vitamin E"
],
"offsets": [
[
74,
83
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27809",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Vitamin E supplementation"
],
"offsets": [
[
1258,
1283
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27810",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"vitamin E"
],
"offsets": [
[
74,
83
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27811",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo-controlled"
],
"offsets": [
[
1514,
1532
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27812",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy"
],
"offsets": [
[
11,
51
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27813",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"efficacy and safety"
],
"offsets": [
[
162,
181
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27814",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy ( PIPN )"
],
"offsets": [
[
235,
284
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27815",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"detailed neurological examination and electrophysiological study"
],
"offsets": [
[
532,
596
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27816",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"severity of PIPN"
],
"offsets": [
[
656,
672
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27817",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"was summarized"
],
"offsets": [
[
673,
687
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27818",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"a modified Peripheral Neuropathy ( PNP ) score"
],
"offsets": [
[
700,
746
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27819",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"incidence of neurotoxicity"
],
"offsets": [
[
753,
779
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27820",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"relative risk ( RR ) of developing PIPN"
],
"offsets": [
[
956,
995
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27821",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Mean PNP scores"
],
"offsets": [
[
1122,
1137
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27822",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"tolerated"
],
"offsets": [
[
1293,
1302
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27823",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"safety profile"
],
"offsets": [
[
1327,
1341
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27824",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"occurrence of paclitaxel-induced peripheral nerve damage"
],
"offsets": [
[
1438,
1494
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27825",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Thirty-two"
],
"offsets": [
[
287,
297
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27826",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"chemotherapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
350,
362
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27827",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"cancer"
],
"offsets": [
[
1422,
1428
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
27828 | 16940738 | [
{
"id": "27829",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"A double-blind randomized controlled trial of oral misoprostol and intramuscular syntometrine in the management of the third stage of labor . BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of oral misoprostol 400 mug with intramuscular syntometrine in the management of the third stage of labor . MATERIAL AND METHODS This was a double-blind randomized controlled trial conducted in a tertiary care hospital . Three hundred and fifty-five women randomized to receive either oral misoprostol 400 mug or intramuscular syntometrine in the third stage of labor were studied . The change in hemoglobin level from before to 48 h after delivery , use of additional oxytocics and treatment related side effects were the main outcome measures . RESULTS There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of the change in hemoglobin level and mean blood loss . The incidence of shivering was significantly higher in the misoprostol group whilst that of vomiting was significantly higher in the syntometrine group . There were no differences in the incidence of nausea , headache , diarrhea and pyrexia between the two groups . CONCLUSION Orally administered misoprostol at a dose of 400 mug is an acceptable alternative in preventing post-partum blood loss , as measured by the peri-partum change in hemoglobin level and was not associated with an increased incidence of side effects ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1419
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "27830",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"misoprostol"
],
"offsets": [
[
51,
62
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27831",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"oral misoprostol 400 mug or intramuscular syntometrine"
],
"offsets": [
[
499,
553
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27832",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"misoprostol"
],
"offsets": [
[
51,
62
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27833",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"syntometrine"
],
"offsets": [
[
81,
93
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27834",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"misoprostol"
],
"offsets": [
[
51,
62
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27835",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"hemoglobin level"
],
"offsets": [
[
611,
627
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27836",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"hemoglobin level"
],
"offsets": [
[
611,
627
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27837",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"mean blood loss"
],
"offsets": [
[
877,
892
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27838",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"shivering"
],
"offsets": [
[
912,
921
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27839",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"nausea , headache , diarrhea and pyrexia"
],
"offsets": [
[
1095,
1135
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27840",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"blood loss"
],
"offsets": [
[
882,
892
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27841",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"hemoglobin level"
],
"offsets": [
[
611,
627
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27842",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"third stage of labor"
],
"offsets": [
[
119,
139
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27843",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Three hundred and fifty-five"
],
"offsets": [
[
435,
463
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27844",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"women"
],
"offsets": [
[
464,
469
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27845",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"third stage of labor"
],
"offsets": [
[
119,
139
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
27846 | 16942963 | [
{
"id": "27847",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Virtual reality exposure therapy and standard ( in vivo ) exposure therapy in the treatment of fear of flying . This controlled clinical trial tested virtual reality exposure ( VRE ) therapy for the fear of flying ( FOF ) , a relatively new and innovative way to do exposure therapy , and compared it to standard ( in vivo ) exposure therapy ( SE ) and a wait list ( WL ) control with a 6- and 12-month follow-up . Eighty-three participants with FOF were randomly assigned to VRE , SE , or WL . Seventy-five participants , 25 per group , completed the study . Twenty-three WL participants completed randomly assigned treatment following the waiting period . Treatment consisted of 4 sessions of anxiety management training followed either by exposure to a virtual airplane ( VRE ) or an actual airplane at the airport ( SE ) conducted over 6 weeks . Results indicate that VRE was superior to WL on all measures , including willingness to fly on the posttreatment flight ( 76 % for VRE and SE ; 20 % for WL ) . VRE and SE were essentially equivalent on standardized questionnaires , willingness to fly , anxiety ratings during the flight , self-ratings of improvement , and patient satisfaction with treatment . Follow-up assessments at 6 and 12 months indicated that treatment gains were maintained , with more than 70 % of respondents from both groups reporting continued flying at follow-up . Based on these findings , the use of VRE in the treatment of FOF was supported in this controlled study , suggesting that experiences in the virtual world can change experiences in the real world ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1592
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "27848",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"Virtual reality exposure therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
32
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27849",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"standard ( in vivo ) exposure therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
37,
74
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27850",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"virtual reality exposure ( VRE ) therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
150,
190
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27851",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"standard ( in vivo ) exposure therapy ( SE )"
],
"offsets": [
[
304,
348
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27852",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"4 sessions of anxiety management training followed either by exposure to a virtual airplane ( VRE )"
],
"offsets": [
[
681,
780
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27853",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"an actual airplane at the airport ( SE )"
],
"offsets": [
[
784,
824
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27854",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"VRE"
],
"offsets": [
[
177,
180
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27855",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"WL"
],
"offsets": [
[
367,
369
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27856",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"VRE"
],
"offsets": [
[
177,
180
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27857",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"SE"
],
"offsets": [
[
344,
346
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27858",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"willingness to fly on the posttreatment flight"
],
"offsets": [
[
923,
969
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27859",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"standardized questionnaires"
],
"offsets": [
[
1052,
1079
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27860",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"willingness to fly"
],
"offsets": [
[
923,
941
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27861",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"anxiety ratings during the flight"
],
"offsets": [
[
1103,
1136
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27862",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"self-ratings of improvement"
],
"offsets": [
[
1139,
1166
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27863",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"patient satisfaction with treatment"
],
"offsets": [
[
1173,
1208
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27864",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"fear of flying"
],
"offsets": [
[
95,
109
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27865",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"fear of flying ( FOF"
],
"offsets": [
[
199,
219
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27866",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Eighty-three participants"
],
"offsets": [
[
415,
440
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27867",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"with FOF"
],
"offsets": [
[
441,
449
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27868",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Seventy-five participants"
],
"offsets": [
[
495,
520
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27869",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"25 per group"
],
"offsets": [
[
523,
535
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27870",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Twenty-three"
],
"offsets": [
[
560,
572
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
27871 | 16948927 | [
{
"id": "27872",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Risperidone in children with autism : randomized , placebo-controlled , double-blind study . Some open-label studies suggest that risperidone can be useful in the treatment of certain target symptoms in children with autism . We aimed to study whether the use of risperidone in comparison with placebo improved functioning in children with autism with regard to behavior ( aggressiveness , hyperactivity , irritability ) , social and emotional responsiveness , and communication skills . We conducted a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial with 40 consecutive children with autism , whose ages ranged from 2 to 9 years , who were receiving either risperidone or placebo given orally at a dose of 1 mg/day for 6 months . Autism symptoms were monitored periodically . The outcome variables were total scores on the Childhood Autism Rating Scale ( CARS ) and the Children 's Global Assessment Scale ( CGAS ) after 6 months . Of the 40 children enrolled , 39 completed the trial over a period of 18 months ; 19 received risperidone , and 20 received placebo . In the risperidone group , 12 of 19 children showed improvement in the total Childhood Autism Rating Scale score and 17 of 19 children in the Children 's Global Assessment Scale score compared with 0 of 20 children for the Childhood Autism Rating Scale score and 2 of 20 children for the Children 's Global Assessment Scale score in the placebo group ( P < .001 and P = .035 , respectively ) . Risperidone also improved social responsiveness and nonverbal communication and reduced the symptoms of hyperactivity and aggression . Risperidone was associated with increased appetite and a mild weight gain , mild sedation in 20 % , and transient dyskinesias in three children . Risperidone improved global functioning and social responsiveness while reducing hyperactivity and aggression in children with autism and was well tolerated ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1905
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "27873",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Risperidone"
],
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[
0,
11
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27874",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"risperidone"
],
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[
130,
141
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27875",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"risperidone"
],
"offsets": [
[
130,
141
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27876",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
51,
58
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27877",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo-controlled"
],
"offsets": [
[
51,
69
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27878",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"risperidone"
],
"offsets": [
[
130,
141
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27879",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
51,
58
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27880",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"risperidone"
],
"offsets": [
[
130,
141
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27881",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
51,
58
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27882",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"risperidone"
],
"offsets": [
[
130,
141
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27883",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
51,
58
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27884",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Risperidone"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
11
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27885",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Risperidone"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
11
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27886",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Risperidone"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
11
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27887",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"total"
],
"offsets": [
[
809,
814
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27888",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"Childhood Autism Rating Scale"
],
"offsets": [
[
829,
858
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27889",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"score"
],
"offsets": [
[
815,
820
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27890",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"Children 's Global Assessment Scale score"
],
"offsets": [
[
1214,
1255
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27891",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"Childhood Autism Rating Scale score"
],
"offsets": [
[
1149,
1184
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27892",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"Children 's Global Assessment Scale score"
],
"offsets": [
[
1214,
1255
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27893",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"social responsiveness"
],
"offsets": [
[
1492,
1513
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27894",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"and"
],
"offsets": [
[
39,
42
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27895",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"nonverbal communication"
],
"offsets": [
[
1518,
1541
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27896",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"symptoms of"
],
"offsets": [
[
1558,
1569
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27897",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"hyperactivity"
],
"offsets": [
[
390,
403
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27898",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"and"
],
"offsets": [
[
39,
42
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27899",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"aggression"
],
"offsets": [
[
1588,
1598
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27900",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"."
],
"offsets": [
[
91,
92
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27901",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"appetite"
],
"offsets": [
[
1643,
1651
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27902",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"weight gain"
],
"offsets": [
[
1663,
1674
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27903",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"mild sedation"
],
"offsets": [
[
1677,
1690
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27904",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"transient dyskinesias"
],
"offsets": [
[
1705,
1726
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27905",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"global functioning"
],
"offsets": [
[
1768,
1786
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27906",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"social responsiveness"
],
"offsets": [
[
1492,
1513
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27907",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"reducing"
],
"offsets": [
[
1819,
1827
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27908",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"hyperactivity"
],
"offsets": [
[
390,
403
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27909",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"and"
],
"offsets": [
[
39,
42
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27910",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"aggression"
],
"offsets": [
[
1588,
1598
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27911",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
15,
23
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27912",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"autism"
],
"offsets": [
[
29,
35
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27913",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
15,
23
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27914",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"autism"
],
"offsets": [
[
29,
35
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27915",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
15,
23
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27916",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"autism"
],
"offsets": [
[
29,
35
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27917",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"40"
],
"offsets": [
[
561,
563
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27918",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
15,
23
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27919",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"autism"
],
"offsets": [
[
29,
35
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27920",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"ages ranged from 2 to 9 years"
],
"offsets": [
[
605,
634
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27921",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"40"
],
"offsets": [
[
561,
563
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27922",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
15,
23
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27923",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
15,
23
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27924",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"autism"
],
"offsets": [
[
29,
35
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
27925 | 16950955 | [
{
"id": "27926",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"A controlled , randomized , double-blind trial to evaluate the effect of a supplement of cocoa husk that is rich in dietary fiber on colonic transit in constipated pediatric patients . OBJECTIVE Although a diet that is rich in fiber is widely recommended for preventing and treating constipation , the efficacy of fiber supplements have not been tested sufficiently in children . Our aim with this pilot study was to evaluate if fiber supplementation is beneficial for the treatment of children with idiopathic chronic constipation . METHODS Using a parallel , randomized , double-blind , controlled trial , we conducted an interventional study to evaluate the efficacy of a supplement of cocoa husk rich in dietary fiber on intestinal transit time and other indices of constipation in children with constipation . After screening , the patients were randomly allocated to receive , for a period of 4 weeks , either a cocoa husk supplement or placebo plus standardized toilet training procedures . Before and after 4 weeks of treatment , we ( 1 ) performed anthropometry , a physical examination , and routine laboratory measurements , ( 2 ) determined total and segmental colonic transit time , ( 3 ) evaluated bowel movement habits and stool consistency using a diary , and ( 4 ) received a subjective evaluation from the parents regarding the efficacy of the treatment . The main variable for verifying the efficacy of the treatment was the total colonic transit time . RESULTS Fifty-six chronically constipated children were randomly assigned into the study , but only 48 children completed it . These children , who were aged between 3 and 10 years , had a diagnosis of chronic idiopathic constipation . With respect to total , partial colon , and rectum transit time , there seemed to be a trend , although statistically nonsignificant , toward faster transit times in the cocoa husk group than in the placebo group . When we analyzed the evolution of the intestinal transit time throughout the study of children whose total basal intestinal transit time was > 50th percentile , significant differences were observed between the groups . The total transit time decreased by 45.4 +/- 38.4 hours in the cocoa husk group and by 8.7 +/- 28.9 hours in the placebo group ( -38.1 hours ) . In the case of the right colon , changes in transit time also were significant between groups . Mean changes tended toward faster transit times in the left colon and the rectum , although the differences were not statistically significant . The children who received cocoa husk supplements tended to increase the number of bowel movements by more than that of the children of the placebo group . We also observed a reduction in the percentage of patients who reported hard stools ( hard scybalous or pebble-like stools ) , although this reduction was significantly greater in the cocoa husk group . At the end of the intervention , 41.7 % and 75.0 % of the patients who received cocoa husk supplementation or placebo , respectively , reported having hard stools . Moreover , a significantly higher number of children ( or their parents ) reported a subjective improvement in stool consistency . No significant adverse effects were reported during the study . CONCLUSIONS This study confirms the beneficial effect of a supplement of cocoa husk that is rich in dietary fiber on chronic idiopathic constipation in children . These benefits seem to be more evident in pediatric constipated patients with slow colonic transit time ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
3516
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "27927",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"supplement of cocoa husk that is rich in dietary fiber"
],
"offsets": [
[
75,
129
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27928",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"supplement of cocoa husk rich in dietary fiber"
],
"offsets": [
[
675,
721
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27929",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"cocoa husk supplement or"
],
"offsets": [
[
918,
942
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27930",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo plus standardized toilet training procedures"
],
"offsets": [
[
943,
995
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27931",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"."
],
"offsets": [
[
183,
184
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27932",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"anthropometry"
],
"offsets": [
[
1057,
1070
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27933",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"cocoa husk supplements"
],
"offsets": [
[
2556,
2578
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27934",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"supplement of cocoa husk"
],
"offsets": [
[
75,
99
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27935",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"colonic transit"
],
"offsets": [
[
133,
148
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27936",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"idiopathic chronic constipation"
],
"offsets": [
[
500,
531
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27937",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"constipation"
],
"offsets": [
[
283,
295
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27938",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"total colonic transit time"
],
"offsets": [
[
1444,
1470
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27939",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"total , partial colon , and rectum transit time"
],
"offsets": [
[
1725,
1772
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27940",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"transit times"
],
"offsets": [
[
1858,
1871
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27941",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"intestinal transit"
],
"offsets": [
[
725,
743
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27942",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"basal intestinal transit time"
],
"offsets": [
[
2031,
2060
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27943",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"total transit time"
],
"offsets": [
[
2148,
2166
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27944",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"changes in transit time"
],
"offsets": [
[
2322,
2345
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27945",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Mean changes"
],
"offsets": [
[
2385,
2397
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27946",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"number of bowel movements"
],
"offsets": [
[
2602,
2627
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27947",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"hard scybalous or pebble-like stools"
],
"offsets": [
[
2771,
2807
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27948",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"reported having hard stools"
],
"offsets": [
[
3023,
3050
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27949",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"improvement in stool consistency"
],
"offsets": [
[
3149,
3181
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27950",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"No significant adverse effects"
],
"offsets": [
[
3184,
3214
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27951",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"chronic idiopathic constipation"
],
"offsets": [
[
1675,
1706
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27952",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"constipated"
],
"offsets": [
[
152,
163
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27953",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"pediatric"
],
"offsets": [
[
164,
173
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27954",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"patients ."
],
"offsets": [
[
174,
184
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27955",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
369,
377
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27956",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"children with constipation ."
],
"offsets": [
[
786,
814
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27957",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Fifty-six"
],
"offsets": [
[
1481,
1490
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27958",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"chronically constipated children were randomly assigned into the study , but only"
],
"offsets": [
[
1491,
1572
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27959",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"48"
],
"offsets": [
[
1573,
1575
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27960",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"children completed it ."
],
"offsets": [
[
1576,
1599
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27961",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"3 and 10 years"
],
"offsets": [
[
1639,
1653
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27962",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"chronic idiopathic constipation"
],
"offsets": [
[
1675,
1706
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
27963 | 16957425 | [
{
"id": "27964",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Effects of monotherapy and combination therapy on blood pressure control and target organ damage : a randomized prospective intervention study in a large population of hypertensive patients . This prospective , randomized trial evaluated the effect of monotherapy and different combination therapies on cardiovascular target organ damage and metabolic profile in 520 hypertensive patients . Patients were allocated to a single agent : carvedilol 25 mg , amlodipine 10 mg , enalapril 20 mg , or losartan 50 mg ( groups C , A , E , and L , respectively ) . After 2 months ( level 2 ) , nonresponders received a low-dose thiazide diuretic , and after 4 months ( level 3 ) , amlodipine ( groups E , C , and L ) and carvedilol ( group A ) . Twenty-four-hour blood pressure was significantly lowered in all treatment groups . Blood pressure control was more pronounced in patients receiving two or three drugs . At the end of the study , the carotid intima-media thickness decreased in group L ( P < .01 ) , left ventricular mass index in groups E and L ( P < .05 and P < .001 , respectively ) , with a concomitant reduction in cholesterol in group L ( P < .03 ) . Diastolic function improved significantly in group L ( P < .05 ) . This study describes the need to control blood pressure with two or more drugs in most hypertensive patients and illustrates good clinical outcomes , independent of blood pressure lowering , using combination therapy with losartan , low-dose thiazide , and amlodipine ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1495
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "27965",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"monotherapy and combination therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
11,
46
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27966",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"monotherapy and different combination therapies"
],
"offsets": [
[
252,
299
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27967",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"carvedilol 25 mg , amlodipine 10 mg , enalapril 20 mg , or losartan 50 mg"
],
"offsets": [
[
435,
508
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27968",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"low-dose thiazide diuretic"
],
"offsets": [
[
609,
635
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27969",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"amlodipine"
],
"offsets": [
[
454,
464
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27970",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"carvedilol"
],
"offsets": [
[
435,
445
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27971",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"losartan"
],
"offsets": [
[
494,
502
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27972",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"low-dose thiazide"
],
"offsets": [
[
609,
626
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27973",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"amlodipine"
],
"offsets": [
[
454,
464
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27974",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Twenty-four-hour blood pressure"
],
"offsets": [
[
736,
767
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27975",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Blood pressure control"
],
"offsets": [
[
820,
842
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27976",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"carotid intima-media thickness"
],
"offsets": [
[
936,
966
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27977",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"left ventricular mass index"
],
"offsets": [
[
1002,
1029
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27978",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"cholesterol"
],
"offsets": [
[
1122,
1133
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27979",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Diastolic function"
],
"offsets": [
[
1159,
1177
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27980",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"blood pressure"
],
"offsets": [
[
50,
64
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27981",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"520"
],
"offsets": [
[
363,
366
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27982",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"hypertensive patients"
],
"offsets": [
[
168,
189
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
27983 | 16957977 | [
{
"id": "27984",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Albumin-glutaraldehyde bioadhesive ( \" Bioglue \" ) for prevention of postoperative complications after stapled hemorrhoidopexy : A randomized controlled trial . BACKGROUND Hemorrhoidopexy using the circumferential stapler is an established method for surgical treatment of patients with prolapsing hemorrhoids . Despite its advantages , complications such as anal canal stenosis , hemorrhage and anastomosis leak with eventual intrapelvic sepsis can cause serious postoperative problems . The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of a surgical adhesive , the biological albumin-glutaraldehyde glue \" Bioglue \" , in reduction of these postoperative complications . PATIENTS AND METHODS Between January 2002 and November 2004 , 200 patients undergoing stapled hemorrhoidopexy were enrolled in a prospective , randomized clinical trial . One hundred patients were randomly assigned to the control group ; the study group consisted of 100 patients who received Bioglue in the mucosa anastomosis area . All patients received standardized postoperative analgesic , laxative and antibiotic treatment . We then evaluated the two groups for postoperative complications ( after surgery and 6 months postoperatively ) . RESULTS From the control group ( no Bioglue application ) , two patients presented with anal stenosis , two with hemorrhage , three had anastomosis leak and one had thrombosis , whereas none of the patients from the Bioglue group had any of these complications . Both groups had patients with severe postoperative pain ( 3 each ) and fecal incontinence ( 1 patient each ) . The overall difference in the number of complications in the two groups was statistically significant ( p < 0.05 ) . CONCLUSION In this first study using Bioglue in patients undergoing circumferential stapled hemorrhoidopexy we have shown that application of the glue is effective in reducing postoperative complications ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1914
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "27985",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Albumin-glutaraldehyde bioadhesive ( \" Bioglue \" )"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
50
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27986",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"biological albumin-glutaraldehyde glue \" Bioglue \""
],
"offsets": [
[
568,
618
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27987",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"stapled hemorrhoidopexy"
],
"offsets": [
[
103,
126
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27988",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"control group ;"
],
"offsets": [
[
895,
910
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27989",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Bioglue in the mucosa anastomosis area"
],
"offsets": [
[
966,
1004
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27990",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"standardized postoperative analgesic , laxative and antibiotic treatment"
],
"offsets": [
[
1029,
1101
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27991",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"postoperative complications"
],
"offsets": [
[
69,
96
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27992",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"postoperative complications"
],
"offsets": [
[
69,
96
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27993",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"anal stenosis"
],
"offsets": [
[
365,
378
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27994",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"hemorrhage"
],
"offsets": [
[
381,
391
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27995",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"anastomosis leak"
],
"offsets": [
[
396,
412
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27996",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"thrombosis"
],
"offsets": [
[
1383,
1393
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27997",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"complications ."
],
"offsets": [
[
657,
672
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27998",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"severe postoperative pain"
],
"offsets": [
[
1511,
1536
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "27999",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"fecal incontinence"
],
"offsets": [
[
1552,
1570
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28000",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"overall difference"
],
"offsets": [
[
1596,
1614
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28001",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"number of complications"
],
"offsets": [
[
1622,
1645
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28002",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"effective"
],
"offsets": [
[
1863,
1872
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28003",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"reducing postoperative complications ."
],
"offsets": [
[
1876,
1914
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28004",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"200 patients"
],
"offsets": [
[
735,
747
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28005",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"stapled hemorrhoidopexy"
],
"offsets": [
[
103,
126
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28006",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"One hundred patients"
],
"offsets": [
[
844,
864
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
28007 | 16961674 | [
{
"id": "28008",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Effectiveness of written guidelines on the appropriateness of thromboprophylaxis prescriptions for medical patients : a prospective randomized study . OBJECTIVE To assess the effectiveness of providing doctors with written thromboprophylaxis prescription aids based on current recommendations . DESIGN A prospective trial of specific anticoagulant prescription forms : a 1-day survey before and after the intervention in each centre . SETTING 30 Internal Medicine departments of Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris . SUBJECTS All inpatients were included , except those who were either admitted or discharged on the day of the survey , and those receiving curative anticoagulant treatment . INTERVENTIONS The study included three parts : ( i ) a 1-day baseline survey ; ( ii ) over the following 3-month period , departments were randomized into two groups : all practitioners in wards allocated to the intervention group were required to systematically use specific anticoagulant prescription forms , whilst doctors in the control group continued prescribing according to their usual practices and ( iii ) a 1-day postintervention survey . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE The proportion of prescriptions in accordance with the recommendations . RESULTS 1,469 patients were included . The intervention produced a significant reduction in the frequency of over-prescriptions , from 25 % to 14 % of the patients who did not meet the guideline criteria ( adjusted OR : 0.3 ; 95 % CI : 0.1-0.8 ) . Using specific forms did not improve under-prescription of anticoagulants . A little over 60 % of the patients who met guideline criteria for thromboprophylaxis were prescribed anticoagulants in both intervention and control wards , either at baseline or after intervention . CONCLUSIONS Multitargeted interventions using a variety of means and strategies should still be considered to improve prescriptions that may have a significant impact on health expenses and , most importantly , on patients outcomes ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1994
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "28009",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"thromboprophylaxis prescriptions"
],
"offsets": [
[
62,
94
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28010",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"thromboprophylaxis prescription aids"
],
"offsets": [
[
223,
259
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28011",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Effectiveness"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
13
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28012",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"effectiveness"
],
"offsets": [
[
175,
188
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28013",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"thromboprophylaxis prescriptions for medical patients :"
],
"offsets": [
[
62,
117
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
28014 | 16963850 | [
{
"id": "28015",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Anecortave acetate treatment for retinal angiomatous proliferation : a pilot study . PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate anecortave acetate treatment of retinal angiomatous proliferation ( RAP ) , a neovascular form of age-related macular degeneration , with specific regard to inhibition of neovascularization and maintenance of vision . METHODS Thirty-four patients with RAP with any stage of neovascularization were randomized 1:1:1 for treatment with three different quantities ( 30 mg , 15 mg , 3 mg ) of anecortave acetate sterile suspension for juxtascleral administration . Best-corrected visual acuity ( Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study chart ) , intraocular pressure measurement , biomicroscopy , funduscopy , digital fluorescein , and indocyanine green angiography were recorded at baseline and at 3 months . A 6-month retreatment interval was established for this study with a follow-up of 12 months . In selected patients optical coherence tomography was performed . The outcomes were mean changes in visual acuity and lesion size at 1 year . RESULTS The detachment of the neurosensory retina and retinal pigment epithelium improved in all eyes , but all neovascular lesions increased in size . Vision loss occurred in the majority of study eyes ( 22 out of 34 eyes , 64.7 % ) independent of the concentration administered . CONCLUSION The results suggest that a posterior juxtascleral injection of anecortave acetate reduces capillary permeability in patients with RAP . However , in spite of improvement of the exudation there is a progression of neovascularization and a significant loss of vision in all these patients . Like other monotherapeutic methods used to treat this variant of neovascular age-related macular degeneration , anecortave acetate alone does not appear to benefit these patients . Future studies should investigate a combination form of therapy ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1908
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "28016",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Anecortave acetate treatment"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
28
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28017",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"anecortave acetate treatment"
],
"offsets": [
[
135,
163
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28018",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"anecortave acetate sterile suspension for juxtascleral administration"
],
"offsets": [
[
524,
593
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28019",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"anecortave acetate"
],
"offsets": [
[
135,
153
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28020",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"anecortave acetate"
],
"offsets": [
[
135,
153
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28021",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"inhibition of neovascularization"
],
"offsets": [
[
292,
324
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28022",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"maintenance of vision"
],
"offsets": [
[
329,
350
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28023",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Best-corrected visual acuity ( Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study chart )"
],
"offsets": [
[
596,
677
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28024",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"intraocular pressure measurement"
],
"offsets": [
[
680,
712
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28025",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"mean changes in visual acuity"
],
"offsets": [
[
1022,
1051
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28026",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"lesion size at 1 year"
],
"offsets": [
[
1056,
1077
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28027",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"detachment of the neurosensory retina and retinal pigment epithelium"
],
"offsets": [
[
1092,
1160
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28028",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"neovascular lesions"
],
"offsets": [
[
1192,
1211
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28029",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Vision loss"
],
"offsets": [
[
1232,
1243
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28030",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"capillary permeability"
],
"offsets": [
[
1463,
1485
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28031",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"neovascularization"
],
"offsets": [
[
306,
324
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28032",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"loss of vision"
],
"offsets": [
[
1623,
1637
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
28033 | 1697487 | [
{
"id": "28034",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Trials and tribulations in speech therapy ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
43
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "28035",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"speech therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
27,
41
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28036",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Trials"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28037",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"tribulations"
],
"offsets": [
[
11,
23
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28038",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"speech therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
27,
41
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
28039 | 1697914 | [
{
"id": "28040",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Use of an alpha 1-blocker , YM617 , in the treatment of benign prostatic hypertrophy . YM617 Clinical Study Group . A recently synthesized alpha 1-blocker , ( R ) ( - ) -5- [ 2- [ [ 2- ( o-ethoxyphenoxy ) ethyl ] amino ] propyl ] -2- methoxybenzenesulfonamide hydrochloride ( YM617 ) , was evaluated in 270 patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy in a double-blind study . After 2 weeks on placebo the patients were assigned at random to 4 groups : group P -- placebo , group L -- 0.1 mg. , group M -- 0.2 mg. and group H -- 0.4 mg. of YM617 . Comparing the placebo to the treatment period , subjective symptoms , such as nocturia and urgency , were significantly decreased in group H ( p less than 0.01 ) . The sensation of incomplete voiding was significantly improved in groups M and H ( p less than 0.01 ) . However , the differences among the groups were statistically insignificant . Residual urine volume was significantly decreased in groups L , M and H after instillation of saline into the bladder ( p less than 0.01 ) but not in group P. The maximum and average flow rates were significantly increased in groups L , M and H ( p less than 0.01 ) but not in group P. Average flow rate showed significant differences between groups M or H versus group P. Neither orthostatic hypotension nor a decrease in blood pressure was noted . Adverse side effects and changes in laboratory data were all slight and disappeared when the second tests were performed . In summary , the irritative and obstructive symptoms caused by benign prostatic hypertrophy were decreased and urodynamic studies were markedly improved by the alpha 1-blocker , YM617 . The drug seems to be useful in the treatment of patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1744
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "28041",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"alpha 1-blocker , YM617"
],
"offsets": [
[
10,
33
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28042",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"alpha 1-blocker , ( R ) ( - ) -5- [ 2- [ [ 2- ( o-ethoxyphenoxy ) ethyl ] amino ] propyl ] -2- methoxybenzenesulfonamide hydrochloride ( YM617 )"
],
"offsets": [
[
139,
283
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28043",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
393,
400
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28044",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"P -- placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
458,
470
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28045",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
393,
400
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28046",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"nocturia and urgency"
],
"offsets": [
[
625,
645
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28047",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"sensation of incomplete voiding"
],
"offsets": [
[
715,
746
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28048",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Residual urine volume"
],
"offsets": [
[
893,
914
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28049",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"maximum and average flow rates"
],
"offsets": [
[
1056,
1086
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28050",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Average flow rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
1179,
1196
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28051",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"orthostatic hypotension"
],
"offsets": [
[
1274,
1297
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28052",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"blood pressure"
],
"offsets": [
[
1316,
1330
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28053",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"irritative and obstructive symptoms"
],
"offsets": [
[
1483,
1518
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28054",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"benign prostatic hypertrophy"
],
"offsets": [
[
56,
84
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28055",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"urodynamic studies"
],
"offsets": [
[
1577,
1595
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28056",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"benign prostatic hypertrophy"
],
"offsets": [
[
56,
84
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28057",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"270"
],
"offsets": [
[
303,
306
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28058",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"benign prostatic hypertrophy"
],
"offsets": [
[
56,
84
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28059",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"benign prostatic hypertrophy"
],
"offsets": [
[
56,
84
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
28060 | 16981667 | [
{
"id": "28061",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Long-term results of the MRC AML10 trial ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
42
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "28062",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"MRC AML10"
],
"offsets": [
[
25,
34
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28063",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Long-term results"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
17
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28064",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"MRC"
],
"offsets": [
[
25,
28
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28065",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"trial"
],
"offsets": [
[
35,
40
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
28066 | 16981901 | [
{
"id": "28067",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Lack of a pharmacokinetic interaction between steady-state roflumilast and single-dose midazolam in healthy subjects . AIMS The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of roflumilast , an investigational PDE4 inhibitor for the treatment of COPD and asthma , on the pharmacokinetics of the CYP3A probe drug midazolam and its major metabolites . METHODS In an open , randomized ( for midazolam treatment sequence ) study , 18 healthy male subjects received single doses of midazolam ( 2 mg oral and 1 mg i.v. , 1 day apart ) alone , repeated doses of roflumilast ( 500 microg once daily for 14 days ) alone , and repeated doses of roflumilast together with single doses of midazolam ( 2 mg oral and 1 mg i.v. , 1 day apart ) . RESULTS A comparison of clearance and peak and systemic exposure to midazolam following administration of roflumilast indicated no effect of roflumilast dosed to steady state on the pharmacokinetics of midazolam . Point estimates ( 90 % CI ) were 0.97 ( 0.84 , 1.13 ) for the AUC of i.v . midazolam and 0.98 ( 0.82 , 1.17 ) for that of oral midazolam with and without roflumilast . CONCLUSIONS Therapeutic steady state concentrations of roflumilast and its N-oxide do not alter the disposition of the CYP3A substrate midazolam in healthy subjects . This finding suggests that roflumilast is unlikely to alter the clearance of drugs that are metabolized by CYP3A4 ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1398
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "28068",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"roflumilast"
],
"offsets": [
[
59,
70
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28069",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"midazolam"
],
"offsets": [
[
87,
96
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28070",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"roflumilast"
],
"offsets": [
[
59,
70
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28071",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"midazolam"
],
"offsets": [
[
87,
96
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28072",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"midazolam"
],
"offsets": [
[
87,
96
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28073",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"midazolam"
],
"offsets": [
[
87,
96
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28074",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"roflumilast"
],
"offsets": [
[
59,
70
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28075",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"roflumilast together with single doses of midazolam"
],
"offsets": [
[
638,
689
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28076",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"pharmacokinetic interaction"
],
"offsets": [
[
10,
37
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28077",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"pharmacokinetics of the CYP3A probe"
],
"offsets": [
[
274,
309
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28078",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"clearance and peak and systemic exposure"
],
"offsets": [
[
758,
798
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28079",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"pharmacokinetics of midazolam ."
],
"offsets": [
[
916,
947
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28080",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"disposition of the CYP3A substrate midazolam"
],
"offsets": [
[
1216,
1260
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28081",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"healthy"
],
"offsets": [
[
100,
107
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28082",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"18"
],
"offsets": [
[
430,
432
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28083",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"male"
],
"offsets": [
[
441,
445
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28084",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"healthy"
],
"offsets": [
[
100,
107
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
28085 | 1699814 | [
{
"id": "28086",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"A stable prostacyclin analogue ( iloprost ) in the treatment of ischaemic ulcers of the lower limb . A Scandinavian-Polish placebo controlled , randomised multicenter study . The clinical efficacy of the prostacyclin analogue iloprost was studied during a 2 week treatment and 6 month follow-up period in 103 patients with ischaemic ulcers who were randomised to receive active treatment or placebo . Responders were defined as those patients who achieved healing of at least one third of the ulcer area during the study period . The overall responder rate was 41.3 % , compared with 25 % for the control group ( P = 0.086 ) . Side effects including flushing and headache , were common . The study population had a mortality of 23 % during the 6 month period , the amputation rate was 43.5 % for iloprost and 50 % for placebo treated patients . In this severely diseased population of patients a treatment period limited to 2 weeks did not sufficiently improve ulcer healing ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
976
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "28087",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"stable prostacyclin analogue ( iloprost )"
],
"offsets": [
[
2,
43
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28088",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
123,
130
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28089",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"prostacyclin analogue iloprost"
],
"offsets": [
[
204,
234
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28090",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"active treatment"
],
"offsets": [
[
371,
387
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28091",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
123,
130
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28092",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"iloprost"
],
"offsets": [
[
33,
41
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28093",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
123,
130
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28094",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"clinical efficacy"
],
"offsets": [
[
179,
196
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28095",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"responder rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
542,
556
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28096",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"flushing and headache"
],
"offsets": [
[
650,
671
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28097",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"mortality"
],
"offsets": [
[
715,
724
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28098",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"amputation rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
765,
780
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28099",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"ulcer healing"
],
"offsets": [
[
961,
974
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28100",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"ischaemic ulcers"
],
"offsets": [
[
64,
80
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28101",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"103"
],
"offsets": [
[
305,
308
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
28102 | 17003665 | [
{
"id": "28103",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Atomoxetine for hyperactivity in autism spectrum disorders : placebo-controlled crossover pilot trial . OBJECTIVE To explore placebo-controlled efficacy and safety of atomoxetine ( ATX ) for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) symptoms in children with autism spectrum disorders ( ASD ) . METHOD Children ages 5 to 15 with ASD and prominent ADHD symptoms were randomly assigned to order in a crossover of clinically titrated ATX and placebo , 6 weeks each , separated by 1-week washout . Slopes for each condition were compared by paired t test . RESULTS In 2004-2005 , 12 boys and 4 girls ( 7 with autistic disorder , 1 Asperger 's , 8 pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified ) all completed at least 3 weeks of each condition . On the primary outcome , the Hyperactivity subscale of the Aberrant Behavior Checklist , ATX was superior to placebo ( p =.043 , effect size d = 0.90 ) . It was also superior on a 0 to 3 rating of nine DSM-IV ADHD hyperactive/impulsive symptoms ( p =.005 , d = 1.27 ) , but missed significance on nine inattentive symptoms ( p =.053 , d= 0.89 ) . Nine subjects responded to ATX , four to placebo ( 25 % improvement on the Hyperactivity subscale plus Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement of 1-2 . One was rehospitalized for recurrent violence on ATX . Adverse events were otherwise tolerable , with no tendency to stereotypy . CONCLUSIONS ATX appears safe and effective for treating hyperactivity in some children with autism spectrum disorders . The effect appears as large as in a multisite methylphenidate trial in the same population , with fewer intolerable side effects . Further study in autism spectrum disorders is indicated ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1698
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "28104",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Atomoxetine"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
11
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28105",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"atomoxetine ( ATX )"
],
"offsets": [
[
167,
186
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28106",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ATX"
],
"offsets": [
[
181,
184
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28107",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
61,
68
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28108",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"methylphenidate"
],
"offsets": [
[
1556,
1571
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28109",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"Hyperactivity subscale of the Aberrant Behavior Checklist , ATX"
],
"offsets": [
[
790,
853
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28110",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"DSM-IV ADHD hyperactive/impulsive symptoms"
],
"offsets": [
[
963,
1005
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28111",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Hyperactivity subscale plus Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement"
],
"offsets": [
[
1183,
1250
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28112",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"rehospitalized"
],
"offsets": [
[
1268,
1282
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28113",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"Adverse events"
],
"offsets": [
[
1315,
1329
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28114",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"hyperactivity in autism spectrum disorders"
],
"offsets": [
[
16,
58
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28115",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) symptoms"
],
"offsets": [
[
191,
249
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28116",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"autism spectrum disorders ( ASD )"
],
"offsets": [
[
267,
300
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28117",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"Children ages 5 to 15"
],
"offsets": [
[
310,
331
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28118",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"12"
],
"offsets": [
[
584,
586
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28119",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"boys"
],
"offsets": [
[
587,
591
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28120",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"4"
],
"offsets": [
[
575,
576
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28121",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"girls"
],
"offsets": [
[
598,
603
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28122",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
253,
261
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
28123 | 17009251 | [
{
"id": "28124",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Effect of hormone therapy on risk of hip and knee joint replacement in the Women 's Health Initiative . OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of hormone therapy on arthroplasty rates . METHODS We examined data from the Women 's Health Initiative placebo-controlled , double-blind , randomized trials . Community-dwelling women ages 50-79 years were enrolled at 40 US clinics . Women with prior arthroplasty were excluded , yielding a sample size of 26,321 subjects . Women who had had hysterectomies ( n = 10,272 ) were randomly assigned to receive 0.625 mg/day conjugated equine estrogens ( n = 5,076 ) , or placebo ( n = 5,196 ) , with a mean followup of 7.1 years . Those who had not had hysterectomies ( n = 16,049 ) were randomly assigned to receive estrogen plus progestin ( n = 8,240 ) , given as 0.625 mg/day conjugated equine estrogens plus 2.5 mg/day medroxyprogesterone acetate , or placebo ( n = 7,809 ) , with a mean followup of 5.6 years . Participants reported hospitalizations , and arthroplasties were identified by procedure codes . Arthroplasties due to hip fracture were censored . Cox proportional hazards regression was used to assess hazard ratios ( HRs ) and 95 % confidence intervals ( 95 % CIs ) using intent-to-treat methods and outcome of time to first procedure . RESULTS In the estrogen-alone trial , women receiving hormone therapy had significantly lower rates of any arthroplasty ( HR 0.84 [ 95 % CI 0.70-1.00 ] , P = 0.05 ) . However , this effect was borderline statistically significant for hip arthroplasty ( HR 0.73 [ 95 % CI 0.52-1.03 ] , P = 0.07 ) , and not significant for knee arthroplasty ( HR 0.87 [ 95 % CI 0.71-1.07 ] , P = 0.19 ) . In the estrogen-plus-progestin trial , there was no association for total arthroplasty ( HR 0.99 [ 95 % CI 0.82-1.20 ] , P = 0.92 ) or for individual hip ( HR 1.14 [ 95 % CI 0.83-1.57 ] , P = 0.41 ) or knee ( HR 0.91 [ 95 % CI 0.72-1.15 ] , P = 0.41 ) arthroplasties . CONCLUSION These data suggest that hormone therapy may influence joint health , but this observed decrease in risk may be limited to unopposed estrogen and may possibly be more important in hip than in knee osteoarthritis ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2168
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "28125",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"conjugated equine estrogens"
],
"offsets": [
[
558,
585
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28126",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"estrogen plus progestin"
],
"offsets": [
[
751,
774
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28127",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"conjugated equine estrogens"
],
"offsets": [
[
558,
585
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28128",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
242,
249
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28129",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"arthroplasty rates ."
],
"offsets": [
[
160,
180
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28130",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"hospitalizations"
],
"offsets": [
[
972,
988
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28131",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"arthroplasties"
],
"offsets": [
[
995,
1009
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28132",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"procedure codes"
],
"offsets": [
[
1029,
1044
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28133",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Arthroplasties"
],
"offsets": [
[
1047,
1061
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28134",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"rates of any arthroplasty"
],
"offsets": [
[
1383,
1408
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28135",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"total arthroplasty"
],
"offsets": [
[
1744,
1762
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28136",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"individual hip"
],
"offsets": [
[
1815,
1829
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28137",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"knee"
],
"offsets": [
[
45,
49
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28138",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"arthroplasties"
],
"offsets": [
[
995,
1009
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28139",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"hip and knee joint replacement"
],
"offsets": [
[
37,
67
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28140",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"Women 's"
],
"offsets": [
[
75,
83
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28141",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"Women 's"
],
"offsets": [
[
75,
83
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28142",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Community-dwelling"
],
"offsets": [
[
298,
316
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28143",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"women"
],
"offsets": [
[
317,
322
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28144",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"50-79 years"
],
"offsets": [
[
328,
339
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28145",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"Women"
],
"offsets": [
[
75,
80
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28146",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"26,321"
],
"offsets": [
[
445,
451
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28147",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"who had had hysterectomies"
],
"offsets": [
[
469,
495
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28148",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Those who had not had hysterectomies"
],
"offsets": [
[
665,
701
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28149",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"women"
],
"offsets": [
[
317,
322
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
28150 | 17009630 | [
{
"id": "28151",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Studies on leptin and leptin receptor gene expression in myometrium and uterine myomas of gnRH analogue-treated women . AIM To test if treatment with GnRH analogue , which leads to a significant reduction in myoma volume , changes expression of leptin genes and gene coding leptin receptor isoforms in uterine myomas and in the surrounding unaltered myometrium . METHODS Using RT-PCR , expression of leptin genes and leptin receptor genes was studied in myomas and in the surrounding myometrium in women with uterine myomas , untreated or treated with GnRH analogue . In the randomly selected cases presence of leptin protein and of leptin receptor proteins was examined also by Western blotting . RESULTS Expression of leptin genes was demonstrated both in myomas and in the surrounding myometrium , and a similar pattern of expression was found for leptin receptor isoforms . The results of RT-PCR were confirmed by Western blotting , which documented the identical distribution of leptin proteins and leptin receptor proteins in studied tissues . Treatment with GnRH analogue had no effect on the expression pattern of studied genes . CONCLUSION The results of the present study on the administration of GnRH analogue to females with myomas suggest that no direct or immediate inter-relationship exists between expression of leptin genes in uterine myomas on one hand and estrogen , progesterone and leptin levels in the blood on the other . Expression seems to be of a more durable nature but factors that induce such expression remain unknown ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1549
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "28152",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"gnRH analogue-treated"
],
"offsets": [
[
90,
111
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28153",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"GnRH analogue"
],
"offsets": [
[
150,
163
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28154",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"GnRH analogue"
],
"offsets": [
[
150,
163
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28155",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"GnRH analogue"
],
"offsets": [
[
150,
163
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28156",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"GnRH analogue"
],
"offsets": [
[
150,
163
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28157",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"leptin and leptin receptor gene expression"
],
"offsets": [
[
11,
53
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28158",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"myoma volume"
],
"offsets": [
[
208,
220
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28159",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"leptin receptor isoforms"
],
"offsets": [
[
274,
298
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28160",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Expression of leptin genes"
],
"offsets": [
[
706,
732
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28161",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"leptin proteins and leptin receptor proteins"
],
"offsets": [
[
984,
1028
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28162",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"expression pattern"
],
"offsets": [
[
1100,
1118
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28163",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"leptin genes"
],
"offsets": [
[
245,
257
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28164",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"women"
],
"offsets": [
[
112,
117
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28165",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"uterine myomas"
],
"offsets": [
[
72,
86
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28166",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"untreated or treated with GnRH analogue"
],
"offsets": [
[
526,
565
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
28167 | 17010794 | [
{
"id": "28168",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Thrombus aspiration reduces microvascular obstruction after primary coronary intervention : a myocardial contrast echocardiography substudy of the REMEDIA Trial . OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to clarify the role of microembolization in the genesis of microvascular obstruction ( MO ) after percutaneous coronary intervention ( PCI ) . BACKGROUND Fifty consecutive patients entered the myocardial contrast echocardiography ( MCE ) substudy of the REMEDIA ( Randomized Evaluation of the Effect of Mechanical Reduction of Distal Embolization by Thrombus Aspiration in Primary and Rescue Angioplasty ) trial , which defined the role of a new thrombus-aspirating device in preventing distal microembolization after PCI . METHODS A total of 25 patients were randomized to be pretreated with thrombus aspiration before PCI of the culprit lesion and 25 received standard PCI . At 24 h , 1 week , and 6 months after PCI , MCE was performed by Sonovue , and real-time imaging was performed by contrast pulse sequencing technology . Regional wall motion score index ( WMSI ) , contrast score index ( CSI ) , endocardial length of wall motion abnormality ( WML ) and contrast defect ( CDL ) , end-diastolic and end-systolic left ventricular ( LV ) volumes , and ejection fraction were calculated . RESULTS At each time point , in patients treated with a thrombus-aspiration filter device , WMSI , CSI , WML , and CDL were significantly lower and ejection fraction higher ( p < 0.05 vs. control patients ) , whereas LV volumes were slightly but not significantly smaller compared with control patients . In the overall study population , the extent of MO significantly correlated with temporal changes in LV volumes . CONCLUSIONS Thrombus aspiration used at the time of PCI significantly reduces the extent of MO and myocardial dysfunction , although it does not have a significant favorable effect in preventing LV remodeling . Thus , the beneficial effect of thrombus aspiration occurs at the microvascular level , but additional mechanisms may play a role in influencing the final extent of MO , which strictly correlates with post-infarct LV remodeling ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2153
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "28169",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"thrombus aspiration before PCI of the culprit lesion and"
],
"offsets": [
[
793,
849
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28170",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"standard PCI ."
],
"offsets": [
[
862,
876
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28171",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"microvascular obstruction"
],
"offsets": [
[
28,
53
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28172",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"microvascular obstruction ( MO )"
],
"offsets": [
[
259,
291
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28173",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"microembolization"
],
"offsets": [
[
223,
240
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28174",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Regional wall motion score index ( WMSI ) , contrast score index ( CSI ) , endocardial length of wall motion abnormality ( WML ) and contrast defect ( CDL )"
],
"offsets": [
[
1030,
1186
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28175",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"end-diastolic and end-systolic left ventricular ( LV ) volumes"
],
"offsets": [
[
1189,
1251
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28176",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"ejection fraction"
],
"offsets": [
[
1258,
1275
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28177",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"WMSI , CSI , WML , and CDL"
],
"offsets": [
[
1386,
1412
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28178",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"ejection fraction"
],
"offsets": [
[
1258,
1275
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28179",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"LV volumes"
],
"offsets": [
[
1511,
1521
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28180",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"extent of MO"
],
"offsets": [
[
1637,
1649
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28181",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"LV volumes"
],
"offsets": [
[
1511,
1521
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28182",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"extent of MO"
],
"offsets": [
[
1637,
1649
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28183",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"myocardial dysfunction"
],
"offsets": [
[
1812,
1834
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28184",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"LV remodeling"
],
"offsets": [
[
1908,
1921
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28185",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"MO"
],
"offsets": [
[
287,
289
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28186",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"LV remodeling"
],
"offsets": [
[
1908,
1921
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28187",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"primary coronary intervention :"
],
"offsets": [
[
60,
91
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28188",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Fifty"
],
"offsets": [
[
354,
359
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28189",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"25"
],
"offsets": [
[
743,
745
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28190",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"25"
],
"offsets": [
[
743,
745
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
28191 | 17014731 | [
{
"id": "28192",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Nordic walking and chronic low back pain : design of a randomized clinical trial . BACKGROUND Low Back Pain is a major public health problem all over the western world . Active approaches including exercise in the treatment of low back pain results in better outcomes for patients , but it is not known exactly which types of back exercises are most beneficial or whether general physical activity provide similar benefits . Nordic Walking is a popular and fast growing type of exercise in Northern Europe . Initial studies have demonstrated that persons performing Nordic Walking are able to exercise longer and harder compared to normal walking thereby increasing their cardiovascular metabolism . Until now no studies have been performed to investigate whether Nordic Walking has beneficial effects in relation to low back pain . The primary aim of this study is to investigate whether supervised Nordic Walking can reduce pain and improve function in a population of chronic low back pain patients when compared to unsupervised Nordic Walking and advice to stay active . In addition we investigate whether there is an increase in the cardiovascular metabolism in persons performing supervised Nordic Walking compared to persons who are advised to stay active . Finally , we investigate whether there is a difference in compliance between persons receiving supervised Nordic Walking and persons doing unsupervised Nordic Walking . METHODS One hundred and fifty patients with low back pain for at least eight weeks and referred to a specialized secondary sector outpatient back pain clinic are included in the study . After completion of the standard back centre treatment patients are randomized into one of three groups : A ) Nordic Walking twice a week for eight weeks under supervision of a specially trained instructor ; B ) Unsupervised Nordic Walking for eight weeks after one training session with an instructor ; C ) A one hour motivational talk including advice to stay active . Outcome measures are pain , function , overall health , cardiovascular ability and activity level . RESULTS No results available at this point . DISCUSSION This study will investigate the effect of Nordic Walking on pain and function in a population of people with chronic LBP ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2269
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "28193",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"Nordic walking"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
14
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28194",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"Nordic Walking"
],
"offsets": [
[
425,
439
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28195",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"Nordic Walking"
],
"offsets": [
[
425,
439
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28196",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"Nordic Walking"
],
"offsets": [
[
425,
439
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28197",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"supervised Nordic Walking"
],
"offsets": [
[
889,
914
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28198",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"unsupervised Nordic Walking and advice to stay active ."
],
"offsets": [
[
1019,
1074
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28199",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"supervised Nordic Walking"
],
"offsets": [
[
889,
914
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28200",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"advised to stay active ."
],
"offsets": [
[
1240,
1264
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28201",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"supervised Nordic Walking"
],
"offsets": [
[
889,
914
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28202",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"unsupervised Nordic Walking ."
],
"offsets": [
[
1404,
1433
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28203",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"Nordic Walking twice a week for eight weeks under supervision of a specially trained instructor ;"
],
"offsets": [
[
1730,
1827
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28204",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"Unsupervised Nordic Walking for eight weeks after one training session with an instructor"
],
"offsets": [
[
1832,
1921
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28205",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"A one hour motivational talk including advice to stay active"
],
"offsets": [
[
1928,
1988
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28206",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"Nordic Walking"
],
"offsets": [
[
425,
439
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28207",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"effects"
],
"offsets": [
[
794,
801
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28208",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"reduce pain"
],
"offsets": [
[
919,
930
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28209",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"improve function"
],
"offsets": [
[
935,
951
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28210",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"compliance"
],
"offsets": [
[
1323,
1333
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28211",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"pain"
],
"offsets": [
[
36,
40
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28212",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"function"
],
"offsets": [
[
943,
951
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28213",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"overall health"
],
"offsets": [
[
2030,
2044
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28214",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"cardiovascular ability"
],
"offsets": [
[
2047,
2069
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28215",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"activity level"
],
"offsets": [
[
2074,
2088
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28216",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"in a population of chronic low back pain patients"
],
"offsets": [
[
952,
1001
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28217",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"One hundred and fifty patients with low back pain for at least eight weeks and referred to a specialized secondary sector outpatient back pain clinic are included in the study ."
],
"offsets": [
[
1442,
1619
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
28218 | 17019624 | [
{
"id": "28219",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Risperidone improves behavioral symptoms in children with autism in a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial . Subgroup analysis of children ( 5-12 years ) with autism enrolled in an 8-week , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial of risperidone for pervasive developmental disorders . The primary efficacy measure was the Aberrant Behavior Checklist-Irritability ( ABC-I ) subscale . Data were available for 55 children given risperidone ( n=27 ) or placebo ( n=28 ) ; mean baseline ABC-I ( +/- SD ) was 20.6 ( 8.1 ) and 21.6 ( 10.2 ) . Risperidone [ mean dose ( +/- SD ) : 1.37 mg/day ( 0.7 ) ] resulted in significantly greater reduction from baseline to endpoint in ABC-I versus placebo [ mean change ( +/- SD ) : -13.4 ( 1.5 ) vs. -7.2 ( 1.4 ) , P < 0.05 ; ES=-0.7 ] . The most common adverse effect with risperidone was somnolence ( 74 % vs. 7 % with placebo ) . Risperidone treatment was well tolerated and significantly improved behavioral problems associated with autism ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
996
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "28220",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Risperidone"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
11
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28221",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo-controlled"
],
"offsets": [
[
98,
116
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28222",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo-controlled"
],
"offsets": [
[
98,
116
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28223",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"risperidone"
],
"offsets": [
[
249,
260
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28224",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"risperidone"
],
"offsets": [
[
249,
260
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28225",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
98,
105
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28226",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Risperidone"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
11
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28227",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
98,
105
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28228",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"risperidone"
],
"offsets": [
[
249,
260
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28229",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
98,
105
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28230",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Risperidone"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
11
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28231",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"behavioral symptoms"
],
"offsets": [
[
21,
40
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28232",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"Aberrant Behavior Checklist-Irritability ( ABC-I ) subscale"
],
"offsets": [
[
338,
397
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28233",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"ABC-I"
],
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[
381,
386
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28234",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"somnolence"
],
"offsets": [
[
841,
851
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28235",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"tolerated"
],
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[
915,
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]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28236",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"behavioral problems"
],
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[
952,
971
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28237",
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"children"
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[
44,
52
]
],
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},
{
"id": "28238",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"autism"
],
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[
58,
64
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28239",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children ( 5-12 years )"
],
"offsets": [
[
146,
169
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28240",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"autism"
],
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[
58,
64
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28241",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"55"
],
"offsets": [
[
424,
426
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
28242 | 17019627 | [
{
"id": "28243",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"DTkid : interactive simulation software for training tutors of children with autism . Discrete-trial training ( DTT ) relies critically on implementation by trained tutors . We report three experiments carried out in the development of \" DTkid \" -- interactive computer simulation software that presents \" SIMon \" , a realistic virtual child with whom novice tutors can learn and practise DTT techniques . Experiments 1 and 2 exposed groups of participants either to DTkid training or to a control task . Participants in the former groups demonstrated significantly greater procedural and declarative knowledge of DTT . Experiment 3 confirmed this finding , further demonstrating that observation of DTkid training trials alone was sufficient to enhance participants ' declarative and procedural knowledge of DTT . Results indicate that DTkid offers the potential for an effective means of teaching DTT skills to novice tutors of children with autism ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
952
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "28244",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"Discrete-trial training"
],
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[
86,
109
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28245",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"DTkid training"
],
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[
467,
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]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28246",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"control task"
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[
490,
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]
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"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28247",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"DTkid training"
],
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[
467,
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]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28248",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"procedural and declarative knowledge of DTT"
],
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[
574,
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]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28249",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"declarative and procedural knowledge"
],
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[
769,
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]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28250",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
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[
63,
71
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28251",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"autism"
],
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[
77,
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]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28252",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"novice tutors"
],
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[
352,
365
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28253",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
63,
71
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28254",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"autism"
],
"offsets": [
[
77,
83
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
28255 | 17035531 | [
{
"id": "28256",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Adenosinergic mechanisms contribute to individual differences in sleep deprivation-induced changes in neurobehavioral function and brain rhythmic activity . Large individual differences characterize the changes induced by sleep deprivation on neurobehavioral functions and rhythmic brain activity . To investigate adenosinergic mechanisms in these differences , we studied the effects of prolonged waking and the adenosine receptor antagonist caffeine on sustained vigilant attention and regional electroencephalogram ( EEG ) power in the ranges of theta activity ( 6.25-8.25 Hz ) in waking and the slow oscillation ( < 1 Hz ) in sleep . Activity in these frequencies is functionally related to sleep deprivation . In 12 subjectively caffeine-sensitive and 10 -insensitive young men , psychomotor vigilance task ( PVT ) performance and EEG were assessed at 3 h intervals before , during , and after one night without sleep . After 11 and 23 h waking , subjects received 200 mg caffeine and placebo in double-blind , cross-over manner . In the placebo condition , sleep deprivation impaired PVT speed more in caffeine-sensitive than in caffeine-insensitive men . This difference was counteracted by caffeine . Theta power in waking increased more in a frontal EEG derivation than in a posterior derivation . Caffeine attenuated this power gradient in caffeine sensitive subjects . Sleep loss also differently affected the power distribution < 1 Hz in non-rapid eye movement sleep between caffeine sensitive and insensitive subjects . Also , this difference was mirrored by the action of caffeine . The effects of sleep deprivation and caffeine on sustained attention and regional EEG power in waking and sleep were inversely related . These findings suggest that adenosinergic mechanisms contribute to individual differences in waking-induced impairment of neurobehavioral performance and functional aspects of EEG topography associated with sleep deprivation ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1960
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "28257",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"Adenosinergic mechanisms"
],
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[
0,
24
]
],
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},
{
"id": "28258",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"adenosinergic mechanisms"
],
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[
314,
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]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28259",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"caffeine"
],
"offsets": [
[
443,
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]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28260",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"one night without sleep"
],
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[
899,
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]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28261",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"caffeine"
],
"offsets": [
[
443,
451
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28262",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
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[
990,
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]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28263",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
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[
990,
997
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28264",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"caffeine"
],
"offsets": [
[
443,
451
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28265",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Caffeine"
],
"offsets": [
[
1307,
1315
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28266",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"caffeine"
],
"offsets": [
[
443,
451
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28267",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"caffeine"
],
"offsets": [
[
443,
451
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28268",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"adenosinergic mechanisms"
],
"offsets": [
[
314,
338
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28269",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Theta power in waking"
],
"offsets": [
[
1209,
1230
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28270",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Sleep loss"
],
"offsets": [
[
1380,
1390
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28271",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"non-rapid eye movement sleep"
],
"offsets": [
[
1450,
1478
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28272",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"sleep deprivation"
],
"offsets": [
[
65,
82
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28273",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"waking and sleep"
],
"offsets": [
[
1692,
1708
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28274",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"waking-induced impairment of neurobehavioral performance"
],
"offsets": [
[
1827,
1883
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28275",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"individual differences in sleep deprivation-induced"
],
"offsets": [
[
39,
90
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28276",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"12"
],
"offsets": [
[
718,
720
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28277",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"10"
],
"offsets": [
[
757,
759
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28278",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"young"
],
"offsets": [
[
773,
778
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28279",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"men"
],
"offsets": [
[
779,
782
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
28280 | 17037712 | [
{
"id": "28281",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Comparison of the effectiveness of fennel and mefenamic acid on pain intensity in dysmenorrhoea . A study in Kerman , Islamic Republic of Iran in 2002 compared the effectiveness of fennel and mefenamic acid on pain relief in primary dysmenorrhoea . Two groups of high-school girls ( mean age 13 years ) suffering dysmenorrhoea were randomized to receive fennel extract ( n = 55 ) or mefenamic acid ( n = 55 ) for 2 months . In the fennel group , 80 % of girls and in the mefenamic acid group , 73 % of girls showed complete pain relief or pain decrease , while 80 % in the fennel group and 62 % in the mefenamic acid group no longer needed to rest . There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in the level of pain relief ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
736
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "28282",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"fennel"
],
"offsets": [
[
35,
41
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28283",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"mefenamic acid"
],
"offsets": [
[
46,
60
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28284",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"fennel"
],
"offsets": [
[
35,
41
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28285",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"mefenamic acid"
],
"offsets": [
[
46,
60
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28286",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"fennel extract"
],
"offsets": [
[
354,
368
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28287",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"mefenamic acid"
],
"offsets": [
[
46,
60
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28288",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"fennel"
],
"offsets": [
[
35,
41
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28289",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"mefenamic acid"
],
"offsets": [
[
46,
60
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28290",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"fennel"
],
"offsets": [
[
35,
41
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28291",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"mefenamic acid"
],
"offsets": [
[
46,
60
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28292",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"effectiveness of fennel and mefenamic acid"
],
"offsets": [
[
18,
60
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28293",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"effectiveness of fennel and mefenamic acid"
],
"offsets": [
[
18,
60
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28294",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"pain relief or pain decrease"
],
"offsets": [
[
524,
552
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28295",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"level of pain relief"
],
"offsets": [
[
714,
734
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28296",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Kerman , Islamic Republic of Iran in 2002"
],
"offsets": [
[
109,
150
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
28297 | 17045894 | [
{
"id": "28298",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Enhanced baroreceptor control of the cardiovascular system by polyunsaturated Fatty acids in heart failure patients . OBJECTIVES The intention of this study was to test the hypothesis that , in heart failure patients , dietary supplementation of polyunsaturated fatty acids ( PUFA ) enhances arterial baroreceptor control of the cardiovascular system . BACKGROUND Administration of PUFA reduces the risk of life-threatening arrhythmias in patients surviving myocardial infarction . This might result from potentiation of arterial baroreflexes , but whether or not PUFA enhance baroreflex function has never been studied in humans . METHODS Patients with post-myocardial infarction left ventricular dysfunction underwent beat-to-beat blood pressure ( BP ) ( Finapres , Ohmeda Inc. , Englewood , Colorado ) and R-R interval ( electrocardiogram ) recording ; baroreceptor reflexes were assessed from the bradycardic and depressor responses to graded neck suction ( NS ) as well as by computation of the alpha \" spontaneous \" baroreflex sensitivity index . Assessments were repeated after prolonged treatment with PUFA ( 2 g/die , n = 15 ) or placebo ( n = 10 ) . RESULTS Baseline BP and R-R interval were unaffected by PUFA . Both reflex depressor and bradycardic responses to NS increased after PUFA ( respectively from -0.09 +/- 0.01 to -0.16 +/- 0.01 mm Hg x mm Hg ( -1 ) , p < 0.01 , and from 1.25 +/- 0.9 to 1.76 +/- 1.1 ms x mm Hg ( -1 ) , p < 0.04 ) but not after placebo . The spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity increased in the PUFA ( from 8.99 +/- 1.4 to 12.2 +/- 1.2 ms x mm Hg ( -1 ) , p < 0.02 ) but not in the placebo group . Polyunsaturated fatty acids ( but not placebo ) treatment also significantly increased R-R interval total variance and low-frequency and high-frequency spectral powers . CONCLUSIONS Dietary PUFA supplementation markedly potentiates baroreflex function and enhances heart rate variability in patients with stable congestive heart failure ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1975
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "28299",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"polyunsaturated Fatty acids"
],
"offsets": [
[
62,
89
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28300",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"dietary supplementation of polyunsaturated fatty acids ( PUFA )"
],
"offsets": [
[
219,
282
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28301",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"PUFA"
],
"offsets": [
[
276,
280
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28302",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"PUFA"
],
"offsets": [
[
276,
280
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28303",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"PUFA"
],
"offsets": [
[
276,
280
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28304",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
1139,
1146
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28305",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"PUFA ."
],
"offsets": [
[
1216,
1222
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28306",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"PUFA"
],
"offsets": [
[
276,
280
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28307",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo ."
],
"offsets": [
[
1468,
1477
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28308",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"PUFA"
],
"offsets": [
[
276,
280
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28309",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
1139,
1146
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28310",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Polyunsaturated fatty acids"
],
"offsets": [
[
1637,
1664
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28311",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
1139,
1146
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28312",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Dietary PUFA supplementation"
],
"offsets": [
[
1819,
1847
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28313",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Baseline BP"
],
"offsets": [
[
1168,
1179
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28314",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"R-R interval"
],
"offsets": [
[
809,
821
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28315",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"reflex depressor and bradycardic responses to NS"
],
"offsets": [
[
1228,
1276
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28316",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity"
],
"offsets": [
[
1482,
1516
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28317",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"R-R interval total variance"
],
"offsets": [
[
1724,
1751
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28318",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"heart rate variability"
],
"offsets": [
[
1902,
1924
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28319",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"heart failure patients ."
],
"offsets": [
[
93,
117
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28320",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"heart failure patients"
],
"offsets": [
[
93,
115
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
28321 | 17046466 | [
{
"id": "28322",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Toxicity and efficacy of 6-thioguanine versus 6-mercaptopurine in childhood lymphoblastic leukaemia : a randomised trial . BACKGROUND 6-mercaptopurine has been a standard component of long-term continuing treatment for childhood lymphoblastic leukaemia , whereas 6-thioguanine has been mainly used for intensification courses . Since preliminary data have shown that 6-thioguanine is more effective than 6-mercaptopurine , we compared the efficacy and toxicity of the two drugs for childhood lymphoblastic leukaemia . METHODS Consecutive children with lymphoblastic leukaemia diagnosed in the UK and Ireland between April , 1997 , and June , 2002 , were randomly assigned either 6-thioguanine ( 750 patients ) or 6-mercaptopurine ( 748 patients ) during interim maintenance and continuing therapy . All patients received 6-thioguanine during intensification courses . We analysed event-free and overall survival on an intention-to-treat basis . We obtained toxicity data using an adverse-event reporting system , with follow-up questionnaires to seek detailed information for specific toxicities . This trial is registered with the International Standard Randomised Controlled Number 26727615 with the name ALL97 . FINDINGS After a median follow up of 6 years , there was no difference in event-free or overall survival between the two treatment groups . Although 6-thioguanine conferred a significantly lower risk of isolated CNS relapse than did 6-mercaptopurine ( odds ratio [ OR ] 0.53 , 95 % CI 0.30-0.92 , p=0.02 ) , the benefit was offset by an increased risk of death in remission ( 2.22 , 1.20-4.14 , p=0.01 ) , mainly due to infections during continuing therapy . Additionally , 95 patients developed veno-occlusive disease of the liver . Of these , 82 were randomly assigned 6-thioguanine , representing 11 % of all 6-thioguanine recipients . On long-term follow-up , about 5 % of 6-thioguanine recipients have evidence of non-cirrhotic portal hypertension due to periportal liver fibrosis or nodular regenerative hyperplasia . INTERPRETATION Compared with 6-mercaptopurine , 6-thioguanine causes excess toxicity without an overall benefit . 6-mercaptopurine should remain the thiopurine of choice for continuing therapy of childhood lymphoblastic leukaemia ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2270
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "28323",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"6-thioguanine"
],
"offsets": [
[
25,
38
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28324",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"6-mercaptopurine"
],
"offsets": [
[
46,
62
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28325",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"6-mercaptopurine"
],
"offsets": [
[
46,
62
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28326",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"6-thioguanine"
],
"offsets": [
[
25,
38
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28327",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"6-thioguanine"
],
"offsets": [
[
25,
38
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28328",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"6-mercaptopurine"
],
"offsets": [
[
46,
62
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28329",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"6-thioguanine"
],
"offsets": [
[
25,
38
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28330",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"6-mercaptopurine"
],
"offsets": [
[
46,
62
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28331",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"6-thioguanine"
],
"offsets": [
[
25,
38
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28332",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"6-thioguanine"
],
"offsets": [
[
25,
38
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28333",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"6-mercaptopurine"
],
"offsets": [
[
46,
62
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28334",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"6-thioguanine"
],
"offsets": [
[
25,
38
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28335",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"6-thioguanine"
],
"offsets": [
[
25,
38
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28336",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"6-thioguanine"
],
"offsets": [
[
25,
38
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28337",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"6-mercaptopurine"
],
"offsets": [
[
46,
62
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28338",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"6-thioguanine"
],
"offsets": [
[
25,
38
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28339",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"6-mercaptopurine"
],
"offsets": [
[
46,
62
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28340",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Toxicity and efficacy"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
21
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28341",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"efficacy and toxicity"
],
"offsets": [
[
439,
460
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28342",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"event-free and overall survival"
],
"offsets": [
[
880,
911
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28343",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"toxicity"
],
"offsets": [
[
452,
460
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28344",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"event-free or overall survival"
],
"offsets": [
[
1289,
1319
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28345",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"CNS relapse"
],
"offsets": [
[
1427,
1438
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28346",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"risk of death"
],
"offsets": [
[
1562,
1575
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28347",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"veno-occlusive disease of the liver"
],
"offsets": [
[
1711,
1746
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28348",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"non-cirrhotic portal hypertension"
],
"offsets": [
[
1934,
1967
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28349",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"toxicity"
],
"offsets": [
[
452,
460
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28350",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"overall benefit"
],
"offsets": [
[
2135,
2150
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28351",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"childhood"
],
"offsets": [
[
66,
75
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28352",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"lymphoblastic leukaemia"
],
"offsets": [
[
76,
99
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28353",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"childhood"
],
"offsets": [
[
66,
75
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28354",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"lymphoblastic leukaemia"
],
"offsets": [
[
76,
99
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28355",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
538,
546
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28356",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"lymphoblastic"
],
"offsets": [
[
76,
89
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
28357 | 17047022 | [
{
"id": "28358",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Prevention of bone loss in survivors of breast cancer : A randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled clinical trial . BACKGROUND Few data are available on the safety and efficacy of once-weekly oral bisphosphonate therapy in breast cancer survivors . OBJECTIVE Our objective was to determine whether risedronate , 35 mg weekly , is efficacious and safe in preventing bone loss associated with chemotherapy-induced menopause . DESIGN The study was a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled clinical trial over 12 months . SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Participants included 87 newly postmenopausal women with status post chemotherapy , recruited from a breast cancer clinic in an academic medical center . INTERVENTION Participants were randomly assigned to receive risedronate 35 mg/wk or placebo . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcomes were the 12-month changes in spine and hip bone mineral density . Secondary outcomes included changes in markers of bone resorption ( urine N-telopeptide cross-linked collagen type I ) and formation ( osteocalcin , N-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen , and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase ) . RESULTS After 12 months , bone mineral density increased by 1.2 % at the spine and 1.3 % at the hip in women on risedronate vs. significant decreases for women in the placebo group of 0.9 % at the spine and 0.8 % at the hip ( P < 0.01 , difference between groups ) . N-telopeptide cross-linked collagen type I , a marker of bone resorption , decreased by 19.3 % , and N-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen , a marker of bone formation , decreased by 26.6 % in participants on active therapy compared with increases in the control group . Risedronate was well tolerated , and the retention rate was 95 % at 1 yr . CONCLUSIONS Risedronate once weekly prevented bone loss and reduced bone turnover in women with breast cancer treated with chemotherapy . Early measures to prevent bone loss should be considered in this cohort of breast cancer survivors ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2009
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "28359",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"bisphosphonate therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
203,
225
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28360",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"risedronate"
],
"offsets": [
[
304,
315
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28361",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo-controlled"
],
"offsets": [
[
86,
104
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28362",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"risedronate"
],
"offsets": [
[
304,
315
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28363",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
86,
93
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28364",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"risedronate"
],
"offsets": [
[
304,
315
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28365",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Risedronate"
],
"offsets": [
[
1696,
1707
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28366",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Risedronate"
],
"offsets": [
[
1696,
1707
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28367",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"12-month changes in spine and hip bone mineral density ."
],
"offsets": [
[
857,
913
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28368",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"changes in markers of bone resorption ( urine N-telopeptide cross-linked collagen type I ) and formation ( osteocalcin , N-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen , and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase )"
],
"offsets": [
[
942,
1149
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28369",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"bone mineral density"
],
"offsets": [
[
891,
911
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28370",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"N-telopeptide cross-linked collagen type I"
],
"offsets": [
[
988,
1030
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28371",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"tolerated"
],
"offsets": [
[
1717,
1726
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28372",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"retention rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
1737,
1751
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28373",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"survivors of breast cancer :"
],
"offsets": [
[
27,
55
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28374",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"breast cancer survivors ."
],
"offsets": [
[
229,
254
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
28375 | 17050770 | [
{
"id": "28376",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Classroom intervention for illness-related problem behavior in children with developmental disabilities . There is growing evidence of an association between physical illness and problem behavior in children with developmental disabilities . Such behavior can compromise school performance . Therefore , the purpose of the present study was to evaluate , using a group design , the effectiveness of medical intervention alone ( N = 11 ) versus behavioral plus medical intervention ( N = 10 ) for illness-related problem behavior in a school setting . Following intervention , the behavioral plus medical intervention group showed lower levels of problem behavior and completed more academic tasks than did the medical intervention alone group . The results are discussed with respect to the concept of illness and pain as a setting event for problem behavior . The need for research to develop algorithms that allow one to select the best combination of medical and behavioral interventions for specific illnesses and contexts is noted ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1037
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "28377",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"Classroom intervention"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
22
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28378",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"medical intervention alone"
],
"offsets": [
[
399,
425
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28379",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"behavioral"
],
"offsets": [
[
444,
454
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28380",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"medical intervention"
],
"offsets": [
[
399,
419
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28381",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"medical"
],
"offsets": [
[
399,
406
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28382",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"behavioral interventions"
],
"offsets": [
[
966,
990
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28383",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"problem behavior"
],
"offsets": [
[
43,
59
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28384",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"completed more academic tasks"
],
"offsets": [
[
667,
696
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28385",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"concept of illness and pain"
],
"offsets": [
[
791,
818
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28386",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
63,
71
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28387",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"developmental disabilities"
],
"offsets": [
[
77,
103
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28388",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
63,
71
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28389",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"developmental disabilities"
],
"offsets": [
[
77,
103
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
28390 | 17051443 | [
{
"id": "28391",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"The Social Communication Assessment for Toddlers with Autism ( SCATA ) : an instrument to measure the frequency , form and function of communication in toddlers with autism spectrum disorder . The Social Communication Assessment for Toddlers with Autism ( SCATA ) was designed to measure non-verbal communication , including early and atypical communication , in young children with autism spectrum disorder . Each communicative act is scored according to its form , function , role and complexity . The SCATA was used to measure communicative ability longitudinally in two samples of toddlers with autism spectrum disorder . Overall frequency of non-verbal communicative acts did not change between the two assessments . However , the form and complexity , the function and the role the child took in the interaction did change with time . Both frequency and function of communicative acts in toddlerhood were positively associated with later language ability : social acts , comments and initiations showed greater predictive association than requests and responses ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1069
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "28392",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"Social Communication Assessment for Toddlers with Autism ( SCATA )"
],
"offsets": [
[
4,
70
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28393",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"Social Communication Assessment for Toddlers with Autism ( SCATA )"
],
"offsets": [
[
4,
70
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28394",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"SCATA"
],
"offsets": [
[
63,
68
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28395",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"frequency"
],
"offsets": [
[
102,
111
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28396",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"function of communication"
],
"offsets": [
[
123,
148
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28397",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"non-verbal communication , including early and atypical communication"
],
"offsets": [
[
288,
357
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28398",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"Overall frequency of non-verbal communicative acts"
],
"offsets": [
[
626,
676
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28399",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"form and complexity , the function and the role"
],
"offsets": [
[
736,
783
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28400",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"frequency and function of communicative acts"
],
"offsets": [
[
846,
890
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28401",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"later language ability : social acts , comments and initiations"
],
"offsets": [
[
938,
1001
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
28402 | 17054808 | [
{
"id": "28403",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Endocrine response to cataract surgery under total intravenous anaesthesia , local anaesthesia under sedation or local anaesthesia alone : a comparative study ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
160
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "28404",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"cataract surgery under total intravenous anaesthesia"
],
"offsets": [
[
22,
74
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28405",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"local anaesthesia under sedation or local anaesthesia alone"
],
"offsets": [
[
77,
136
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28406",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Endocrine response"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
18
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28407",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"cataract surgery under total intravenous anaesthesia , local anaesthesia under sedation or local anaesthesia alone"
],
"offsets": [
[
22,
136
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
28408 | 17064200 | [
{
"id": "28409",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Effect of patient withdrawal on a study evaluating pharmacist management of hypertension . STUDY OBJECTIVES To examine potential threats to internal and external study validity caused by differential patient withdrawal from a randomized controlled trial evaluating pharmacist management of hypertension , to compare the characteristics of patients who withdrew with those of patients who completed the study , and to identify characteristics that predispose patients to withdraw from hypertension management . DESIGN Prospective , randomized , comparative study . SETTING Network of primary care clinics . PATIENTS Four hundred sixty-three patients with a diagnosis of hypertension and a last documented systolic blood pressure of 160 mm Hg or greater and/or diastolic blood pressure of 100 mm Hg or greater . INTERVENTION Patients were randomly allocated to the pharmacist intervention or usual-care ( control ) group . Those in the pharmacist intervention group were collaboratively managed by a primary care clinical pharmacy specialist and their primary care provider . Patients in the control group received usual care from only their primary care provider . MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Of the 463 patients , 191 ( 41 % ) withdrew from the study after randomization and 272 ( 59 % ) completed the study . Patients who withdrew from the pharmacist intervention group were similar to patients who withdrew from the usual-care group with respect to age , sex , insurance status , and chronic conditions . Patients who smoked or had commercial insurance were more likely to withdraw from the study than the other participants . However , multivariate analysis of all variables , when adjusted for the effect of the intervention , revealed that insurance status was the only variable associated with a heightened probability of withdrawal ( p=0.002 ) . CONCLUSION Although this study had a high withdrawal rate , between-group patient characteristics remained balanced . Therefore , internal validity was preserved , and outcomes from the study groups could be reliably compared . A lack of significant differences between patients who withdrew versus those who completed , with the exception of insurance status , suggests that external validity was not jeopardized ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2270
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "28410",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"pharmacist management of hypertension"
],
"offsets": [
[
51,
88
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28411",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"pharmacist intervention"
],
"offsets": [
[
863,
886
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28412",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"usual-care ( control ) group"
],
"offsets": [
[
890,
918
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28413",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"collaboratively managed by a primary care clinical pharmacy specialist and their primary care provider"
],
"offsets": [
[
969,
1071
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28414",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"received usual care from only their primary care provider"
],
"offsets": [
[
1104,
1161
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28415",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"pharmacist intervention"
],
"offsets": [
[
863,
886
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28416",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"withdraw"
],
"offsets": [
[
18,
26
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28417",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"insurance status"
],
"offsets": [
[
1465,
1481
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28418",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"withdrawal"
],
"offsets": [
[
18,
28
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28419",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"patient withdrawal on a study"
],
"offsets": [
[
10,
39
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28420",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"hypertension"
],
"offsets": [
[
76,
88
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28421",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Four hundred sixty-three patients"
],
"offsets": [
[
615,
648
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28422",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"hypertension"
],
"offsets": [
[
76,
88
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28423",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"a last documented systolic blood pressure"
],
"offsets": [
[
686,
727
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28424",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"diastolic blood pressure"
],
"offsets": [
[
759,
783
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28425",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"463"
],
"offsets": [
[
1201,
1204
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28426",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"191"
],
"offsets": [
[
1216,
1219
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28427",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"272"
],
"offsets": [
[
1277,
1280
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
28428 | 17069542 | [
{
"id": "28429",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Effect of CX516 , an AMPA-modulating compound , on cognition and behavior in fragile X syndrome : a controlled trial . A Phase II , 4-week randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the Ampakine compound CX516 as a potential treatment for the underlying disorder in fragile X syndrome ( FXS ) . After baseline screening , subjects with FXS ( n = 49 ) underwent a 1-week placebo lead-in and then were randomized to study drug or placebo for a 4-week period . Cognitive and behavioral outcome measures were administered prior to treatment , at the end of treatment , and 2 weeks posttreatment . There were minimal side effects , no significant changes in safety parameters , and no serious adverse events . There was a 12.5 % frequency of allergic rash in the CX516 group and 1 subject developed a substantial rash . There was also no significant improvement in memory , the primary outcome measure , or in secondary measures of language , attention/executive function , behavior , and overall functioning in CX516-treated subjects compared to placebo . This study did demonstrate that many outcome measures were reproducible in this test-retest setting for the FXS population , yet some were too difficult or variable . Adult subjects with FXS were able to complete an intensive clinical trial , and some valid outcome measures were identified for future FXS trial design . Problems with potency of CX516 in other studies have suggested dosing may have been inadequate for therapeutic effect and thus it remains unclear whether modulation of AMPA-mediated neurotransmission is a viable therapeutic strategy for the treatment of FXS ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1704
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "28430",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"CX516"
],
"offsets": [
[
10,
15
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28431",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"AMPA-modulating compound"
],
"offsets": [
[
21,
45
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28432",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo-controlled"
],
"offsets": [
[
167,
185
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28433",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Ampakine"
],
"offsets": [
[
258,
266
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28434",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"CX516"
],
"offsets": [
[
10,
15
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28435",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
167,
174
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28436",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
167,
174
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28437",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"CX516"
],
"offsets": [
[
10,
15
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28438",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"CX516-treated"
],
"offsets": [
[
1079,
1092
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28439",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
167,
174
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28440",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"CX516"
],
"offsets": [
[
10,
15
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28441",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"cognition"
],
"offsets": [
[
51,
60
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28442",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"and"
],
"offsets": [
[
61,
64
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28443",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"behavior"
],
"offsets": [
[
65,
73
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28444",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"safety and efficacy"
],
"offsets": [
[
231,
250
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28445",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"Cognitive and behavioral"
],
"offsets": [
[
530,
554
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28446",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"minimal side effects"
],
"offsets": [
[
676,
696
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28447",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"significant changes in safety parameters"
],
"offsets": [
[
702,
742
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28448",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"no serious adverse events ."
],
"offsets": [
[
749,
776
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28449",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"12.5 % frequency"
],
"offsets": [
[
789,
805
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28450",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"allergic rash"
],
"offsets": [
[
809,
822
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28451",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"substantial rash"
],
"offsets": [
[
868,
884
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28452",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"significant improvement"
],
"offsets": [
[
905,
928
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28453",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"memory"
],
"offsets": [
[
932,
938
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28454",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"language , attention/executive function , behavior , and overall functioning"
],
"offsets": [
[
999,
1075
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28455",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"measures"
],
"offsets": [
[
563,
571
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28456",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"viable therapeutic strategy"
],
"offsets": [
[
1650,
1677
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28457",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"cognition and behavior in fragile X syndrome"
],
"offsets": [
[
51,
95
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28458",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"underlying disorder in fragile X syndrome ( FXS"
],
"offsets": [
[
315,
362
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28459",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"n = 49"
],
"offsets": [
[
414,
420
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28460",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"Adult subjects"
],
"offsets": [
[
1291,
1305
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28461",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"FXS"
],
"offsets": [
[
359,
362
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
28462 | 17069543 | [
{
"id": "28463",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"A double-blind placebo-controlled pilot study of olanzapine in childhood/adolescent pervasive developmental disorder . Atypical antipsychotics have been shown to improve disruptive and repetitive behaviors in pervasive developmental disorders ( PDDs ) , but they require assessment of potential side effects . This is the first placebo-controlled trial of olanzapine in the treatment of children and adolescents with PDD . Eleven patients with a diagnosis of either autism , Asperger 's syndrome , or PDD not otherwise specified ( PDD-NOS ) and aged 6-14 years were randomized into an 8-week double-blind , placebo-controlled , parallel treatment study with olanzapine . There was a significant linear trend x group interaction on the Clinical Global Impressions- Improvement ( CGI-I ) and 50 % on olanzapine versus 20 % on placebo were responders . Olanzapine was associated with significant weight gain ( 7.5 +/- 4.8 lbs vs. 1.5 +/- 1.5 lbs on placebo ) . Olanzapine may be a promising treatment for improving global functioning of PDDs , but the risk of significant weight gain remains a concern . Additional studies are needed to determine the efficacy and safety of olanzapine in the treatment of children with PDD ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1221
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "28464",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo-controlled"
],
"offsets": [
[
15,
33
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28465",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"olanzapine"
],
"offsets": [
[
49,
59
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28466",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo-controlled"
],
"offsets": [
[
15,
33
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28467",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"olanzapine"
],
"offsets": [
[
49,
59
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28468",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo-controlled"
],
"offsets": [
[
15,
33
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28469",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"olanzapine"
],
"offsets": [
[
49,
59
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28470",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"disruptive and repetitive behaviors"
],
"offsets": [
[
170,
205
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28471",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"side effects"
],
"offsets": [
[
295,
307
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28472",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"Clinical Global Impressions- Improvement ( CGI-I )"
],
"offsets": [
[
735,
785
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28473",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"significant weight gain"
],
"offsets": [
[
881,
904
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28474",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"global functioning of PDDs"
],
"offsets": [
[
1012,
1038
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28475",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"weight gain"
],
"offsets": [
[
893,
904
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28476",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"childhood/adolescent"
],
"offsets": [
[
63,
83
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28477",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"pervasive developmental disorder"
],
"offsets": [
[
84,
116
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28478",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Eleven"
],
"offsets": [
[
423,
429
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28479",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"autism"
],
"offsets": [
[
466,
472
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28480",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Asperger 's syndrome"
],
"offsets": [
[
475,
495
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28481",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"PDD"
],
"offsets": [
[
245,
248
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28482",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"PDD-NOS"
],
"offsets": [
[
531,
538
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28483",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"6-14 years"
],
"offsets": [
[
550,
560
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
28484 | 17069545 | [
{
"id": "28485",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Neuropsychological effects of risperidone in children with pervasive developmental disorders : a blinded discontinuation study . OBJECTIVE Little is known about the neuropsychological effects of risperidone in children with pervasive developmental disorders . METHOD Twenty-four children ( aged 5-17 years ) with pervasive developmental disorders and co-morbid disruptive behavior who responded favorably to open-label treatment with risperidone as part of a previously described controlled discontinuation study completed two different computerized attention tasks at baseline , weeks 4 , 8 , and 24 of open-label treatment , and , at 8 weeks after random assignment to either placebo or risperidone . The primary efficacy measures were response latencies to visually presented stimuli requiring two different types of attention-controlled processing , i.e. , focused and divided attention . RESULTS About half of the clinical responders did not produce valid performance measures . These could be shown to be of younger mental age and less adaptive as measured by the Vineland Behavior Scales . For the valid task performers divided attention ( serial search in working memory ) was shown to regress in the placebo group ( n = 7 ) , while in the risperidone group ( n = 7 ) there was further improvement . No such group difference was found for focused attention . CONCLUSIONS The study suggests a beneficial effect of risperidone after several months of treatment , enhancing divided attention in children with pervasive developmental disorders ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1549
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "28486",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"risperidone"
],
"offsets": [
[
30,
41
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28487",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"risperidone"
],
"offsets": [
[
30,
41
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28488",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"risperidone"
],
"offsets": [
[
30,
41
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28489",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
678,
685
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28490",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"risperidone"
],
"offsets": [
[
30,
41
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28491",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"risperidone"
],
"offsets": [
[
30,
41
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28492",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"response latencies"
],
"offsets": [
[
738,
756
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28493",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"attention-controlled processing , i.e."
],
"offsets": [
[
820,
858
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28494",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"focused and divided attention"
],
"offsets": [
[
861,
890
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28495",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"valid performance measures"
],
"offsets": [
[
955,
981
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28496",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"Vineland Behavior Scales"
],
"offsets": [
[
1070,
1094
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28497",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"serial search in working memory"
],
"offsets": [
[
1147,
1178
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28498",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
45,
53
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28499",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"pervasive developmental disorders"
],
"offsets": [
[
59,
92
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28500",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"pervasive developmental disorders"
],
"offsets": [
[
59,
92
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28501",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Twenty-four children"
],
"offsets": [
[
267,
287
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28502",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"aged 5-17 years"
],
"offsets": [
[
290,
305
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
28503 | 1707337 | [
{
"id": "28504",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Evolution of neuropathy and myopathy during intensive vincristine/corticosteroid chemotherapy for non-Hodgkin 's lymphoma . Neuropathy and myopathy are common sequelae of intensive chemotherapy protocols that contain vincristine and corticosteroids . The authors prospectively monitored the evolution of neuropathy and myopathy during an intensive 12-week chemotherapy program for patients with intermediate and high-grade non-Hodgkin 's lymphoma . In this study , vincristine was administered by bolus injection followed by a 3-day continuous intravenous ( IV ) infusion ( total dose of 2.0 mg/m2 every other week ) ; the maximum dose of vincristine was not arbitrarily limited . Cronassial , a mixture of four naturally occurring gangliosides , was administered in a randomized double-blind test to evaluate whether this agent could prevent vincristine-induced neuropathy . High doses of dexamethasone ( 50 mg/d for 3 days weekly or every other week ) were also prescribed . Patients were monitored every 4 weeks with comprehensive physical and neurologic examinations and electrophysiologic studies of peripheral nerve function . Twenty-seven patients were fully evaluable . Weakness was a prominent adverse reaction in this study , and all patients had moderate to severe signs and symptoms of neuropathy and myopathy . Cronassial ( 100 mg ) administered by intramuscular ( IM ) injection daily provided no protection against the development of neuropathic symptoms . Vincristine typically impaired fine-motor coordination initially , whereas corticosteroids were associated with delayed development of proximal muscle weakness . Results of electrodiagnostic studies did not add to the clinical examination results . The authors conclude that symptomatic weakness due to neuropathy or myopathy appears in a predictable manner during intensive vincristine/corticosteroid-based treatment protocols . Simple clinical tests can be used to rapidly distinguish between toxic effects due either to vincristine or corticosteroids , and routine implementation of these tests can prevent inappropriate dose attenuation of these agents ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2130
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "28505",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"vincristine/corticosteroid chemotherapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
54,
93
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28506",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"intensive chemotherapy protocols that contain vincristine and corticosteroids"
],
"offsets": [
[
171,
248
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28507",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"chemotherapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
81,
93
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28508",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"vincristine"
],
"offsets": [
[
54,
65
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28509",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"bolus"
],
"offsets": [
[
497,
502
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28510",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"vincristine"
],
"offsets": [
[
54,
65
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28511",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Cronassial , a mixture of four naturally occurring gangliosides"
],
"offsets": [
[
681,
744
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28512",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"vincristine-induced"
],
"offsets": [
[
843,
862
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28513",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"dexamethasone"
],
"offsets": [
[
890,
903
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28514",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Cronassial"
],
"offsets": [
[
681,
691
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28515",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Vincristine"
],
"offsets": [
[
1472,
1483
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28516",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"corticosteroids"
],
"offsets": [
[
233,
248
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28517",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"vincristine/corticosteroid-based treatment"
],
"offsets": [
[
1847,
1889
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28518",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"vincristine or corticosteroids"
],
"offsets": [
[
1995,
2025
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28519",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"Weakness"
],
"offsets": [
[
1178,
1186
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28520",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"moderate to severe signs and symptoms of neuropathy and myopathy"
],
"offsets": [
[
1257,
1321
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28521",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"development of neuropathic symptoms"
],
"offsets": [
[
1434,
1469
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28522",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"fine-motor coordination"
],
"offsets": [
[
1503,
1526
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28523",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"development of proximal muscle weakness"
],
"offsets": [
[
1592,
1631
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28524",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"symptomatic weakness"
],
"offsets": [
[
1747,
1767
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28525",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"intermediate and high-grade non-Hodgkin 's lymphoma"
],
"offsets": [
[
395,
446
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28526",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Twenty-seven"
],
"offsets": [
[
1133,
1145
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
28527 | 17073957 | [
{
"id": "28528",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Polydioxanone sternal sutures for prevention of sternal dehiscence . BACKGROUND Sternal dehiscence and wound instability are troublesome complications following median sternotomy . Classic sternal approximation with stainless steel wires may not be the ideal approach in patients predisposed to these complications . We tested the efficacy of polydioxanone ( PDS ) suture in sternal closure and in prevention of complications in comparison to steel wires in high-risk individuals . METHODS Three hundred sixty-six patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery with full median sternotomy and having body surface area ( BSA ) less than 1.5 m ( 2 ) were randomly assigned to receive PDS ( n = 181 ) or stainless steel ( SS , n = 185 ) sternal approximation . The study was focused on aseptic sternal complications , namely bone dehiscence and superficial wound instability . RESULTS Both bone dehiscence and superficial wound instability were less frequent in the PDS Group ( 4 and 3 cases in the SS Group , respectively , vs. no cases in the PDS Group ) . Cox proportional hazards regression model in the whole study population identified female sex , chronic renal insufficiency , diabetes , advanced age , lower sternal thickness , osteoporosis , corticosteroid therapy , and prolonged CPB or ventilation times as predisposing factors to any of the two studied sternal complications . DISCUSSION Data suggest that PDS suture can protect against development of aseptic sternal complications following median sternotomy in high-risk patients with little body mass . The adoption of PDS in other subsets of patients , i.e. , obese individuals , is to be questioned ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1663
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "28529",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"Polydioxanone sternal sutures"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
29
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28530",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"polydioxanone ( PDS ) suture"
],
"offsets": [
[
343,
371
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28531",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"PDS"
],
"offsets": [
[
359,
362
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28532",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"stainless steel"
],
"offsets": [
[
216,
231
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28533",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"PDS"
],
"offsets": [
[
359,
362
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28534",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"PDS"
],
"offsets": [
[
359,
362
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28535",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"PDS"
],
"offsets": [
[
359,
362
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28536",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Sternal dehiscence"
],
"offsets": [
[
80,
98
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28537",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"wound instability"
],
"offsets": [
[
103,
120
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28538",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"efficacy"
],
"offsets": [
[
331,
339
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28539",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"sternal closure"
],
"offsets": [
[
375,
390
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28540",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"complications"
],
"offsets": [
[
137,
150
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28541",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"bone dehiscence"
],
"offsets": [
[
820,
835
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28542",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"superficial wound instability"
],
"offsets": [
[
840,
869
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28543",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"bone dehiscence"
],
"offsets": [
[
820,
835
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28544",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"superficial wound instability"
],
"offsets": [
[
840,
869
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28545",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"diabetes"
],
"offsets": [
[
1180,
1188
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28546",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"osteoporosis"
],
"offsets": [
[
1232,
1244
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28547",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"aseptic sternal complications"
],
"offsets": [
[
781,
810
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |