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Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Create csv file with python
### Response:
| CSV stands for comma-separated values, which is a simple file format to store data in a structured layout. Here is an example of how to create a CSV file with the python `csv` module.
```
# Sample data to write to CSV
data = [
['Name', 'Gender', 'Occupation'],
['Bob', 'Male', 'Professor'],
['Lily', 'Female', 'Software Engineer'],
['Alex', 'Male', 'Student']
]
# Specify the file name and mode ('w' for write)
filename = 'example.csv'
# Open the CSV file in write mode
with open(filename, 'w', newline='') as csvfile:
# Create a CSV writer object
csvwriter = csv.writer(csvfile)
# Write the data to the CSV file
csvwriter.writerows(data)
```
In the example above, we import the csv module which provides functionality to read from and write to CSV files. First, we define the data to write to the CSV as a list of lists, where each inner list represents a row in the CSV file. We then open a file with the write mode (`w`), and create a csv.writer object to write data to the CSV file. Finally, we use the writerows() method to write the entire list of lists (i.e. data) to the CSV file. The newline='' parameter is used to prevent extra newlines from being written to the file. | lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
I heard north ridge of mount Stuart from my friends, can you tell me more?
### Response:
| Sure thing! This iconic North American climb is a 1200 ft (364 m) multi-pitch alpine trad route with 18 pitches, rated as Grade III. It is a famous alpine rock route, not just in Washington, but nationally. First ascended by John Rupley & Don Gordon (1956) [Great Gendarme] and James Wickwire & Fred Stanley (1964), it's a must-do for alpine rock enthusiasts.
Route Overview:
From the Stuart Glacier notch, approximately 11 pitches of low/mid 5th class climbing lead to the Gendarme's base. Despite the enjoyable exposed climbing, the Gendarme features the most remarkable pitches. Two crux 5.9 pitches await, with the first being a steep dihedral offering good rests between challenging sections. Traverse to the offwidth, power through it, and tackle one more 5.8-5.9 pitch before the final three pitches of low 5th.
Equipment:
Gear preferences vary. Carry your usual equipment for long alpine rock routes. If you want extra security in the cruxy 5.9 offwidth, carry one 3.5" piece. You may need an ice axe and crampons if you approach via the glacier.
Getting there:
Drive I-90 to exit 85, turn left to join SR-970. Drive 6.6 mi and turn left on Teanaway River Road. Follow north fork road approximately 23 mil to the end of road.
Approach and Descends:
Multiple approach options exist, each with pros and cons. Either approach from the south via Longs Pass TH or from the north via Mountaineer Creek. Acquire a topographic map to determine the best route. If approaching from LPTH, head to Ingalls Lake, traverse ledges around the lake's east side, follow the trail to Stuart Pass, and descend northwest on talus. Ascend more talus to Goat Pass, traverse Stuart Glacier, and reach the 4th class gully leading to the North Ridge's prominent notch, marking the beginning of the upper ridge. If descending via LPTH, head down from the summit towards the false summit via blocky terrain, follow cairns and a ledge system east, and descend the seemingly endless Cascadian Couloir, eventually reaching Ingalls Creek.
Scramble to the false summit. Descend steep snow or scree then keep right through sparse trees to enter the Cascadian Couloir. Descend all the way to the valley floor, and then you can go back to via Long’s peak or Ingalls Lake.
This route is incredible and a must-do for anyone at ease with alpine rock climbing at this level. Keep in mind, though, that it's quite challenging and requires serious commitment. Just make sure you're prepared and always stay safe! | lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Can you implement KMP Algorithm with python?
### Response:
| The Knuth–Morris–Pratt algorithm (or KMP algorithm) is a string-searching algorithm that searches for occurrences of a "word" W within a main "text string" S by employing the observation that when a mismatch occurs, the word itself embodies sufficient information to determine where the next match could begin, thus bypassing re-examination of previously matched characters.```
```
# Python3 program for KMP Algorithm
class KMP:
def partial(self, pattern):
""" Calculate partial match table: String -> [Int]"""
ret = [0]
for i in range(1, len(pattern)):
j = ret[i - 1]
while j > 0 and pattern[j] != pattern[i]:
j = ret[j - 1]
ret.append(j + 1 if pattern[j] == pattern[i] else j)
return ret
def search(self, T, P):
"""
KMP search main algorithm: String -> String -> [Int]
Return all the matching position of pattern string P in T
"""
partial, ret, j = self.partial(P), [], 0
for i in range(len(T)):
while j > 0 and T[i] != P[j]:
j = partial[j - 1]
if T[i] == P[j]: j += 1
if j == len(P):
ret.append(i - (j - 1))
j = partial[j - 1]
return ret
kmp = KMP()
txt = "abdabeabfabc"
pat = "abc"
kmp.search(txt, pat)
```
The output of the above code is:
```
9
```
The Time Complexity of this algorithm is O(N) and the auxiliary space needed for KMP is O(M). | lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
What are the most common curse words, or expletives, that people utter, when angry?
### Response:
| Sometimes people use profanity to express anger. I'd rather not repeat them because it is impolite. | lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Can you make a seaborn box plot that plots two different array with numbered labels for the median and 95th percentiles, trimming outliers?
### Response:
| Here is a solution that uses the Python data visualization library Seaborn to create a boxplot from two different arrays, while labeling the median and 95th percentiles and trimming outliers:
```
import numpy as np
import seaborn as sns
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# input arrays
array1 = np.random.rand(50)
array2 = np.random.rand(50)
data = np.vstack([array1, array2]).T
labels = ['Array 1', 'Array 2']
# Create the boxplot and trim outliers
ax = sns.boxplot(data=data, whis=(0, 95))
# Set the x-axis labels
ax.set_xticklabels(labels)
# Label the median and 95th percentiles
for i, label in enumerate(labels):
median = np.median(data[:, i])
p95 = np.percentile(data[:, i], 95)
ax.annotate(f'Median: {median:.2f}', xy=(i, median), xytext=(i - 0.25, median - 0.1))
ax.annotate(f'95th: {p95:.2f}', xy=(i, p95), xytext=(i - 0.25, p95 + 0.1)
``` | lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
I am a librarian at the Technion. The Technion is a public polytechnic university in Haifa, Israel. Please help me write a FAQ page for the Technion's library system. It should include questions and answers in the following categories:
* General
* Circulation
* Computing & Network
* Peripheral Equipment
* Off-Campus Access
* Historical Archive
### Response:
| #General
###Who is eligible to receive service?
Technion libraries are open to the general public. Academic staff, administrative staff and students at the Technion may borrow books and peripheral equipment while presenting a valid student / employee card.
Technion Email enables access to the digital library without any special registration.
Library card access (for tracking paper format books loans and requests) is only possible for those with Technion identification (email and password).
###Is there accessibility for people with disabilities?
The Central Library is accessible to people with disabilities. For accessibility information in other Technion libraries contact the relevant library.
#Circulation
###Is it allowed to return a book borrowed from one library to another on campus?
It is recommended to return books to the library from which they were loaned.
###Is it possible to self-extend the loan period on the card after receiving an email notification to return the item?
You can try to independently extend the loan on the card. If there are still requests for the item, it must be returned on the specified due date.
###Can I borrow a dictionary for an exam?
The stock of dictionaries is limited, so it is therefore advisable to check in advance the collection containing all details of its availability.
#Computing & Network
###I cannot remember a password and username to a network connection. What should I do?
The library is not responsible for passwords for encrypted networks and you should contact the Faculty computing manager or the Division of Computing and Information Systems:
“Eduroam” Network – a worldwide secure network that allows easy connection to the Wi-Fi network in academic institutions around the world with a one-time setup only. [Link to Login Instructions]
###Which software is currently installed on the libraries’ computers?
Each library has different software installed.
These software are currently installed on the Central Library’s computers.
Technion students can also install certain software (such as Visual Studio, SolidWorks, Matlab and more) free of charge.
#Peripheral Equipment
###Can I borrow from the library a mobile charger / a laptop / headphones / calculator?
Contact the relevant library regarding borrowing any peripherals equipment.
###Should I pay for printing, scanning and photography services?
Printing and photography services are per pay. The charges and the technical handling of printers are under the responsibility of [Charging System]. Contact information of [Charing Company] representatives can be found at the printers’ area. Scanning services are provided free of charge (copiers which are also used for scanning are indicated at the printers’ area).
#Off-Campus Access
###How do I connect from home to the library electronic resources?
Home connection requires an identification in the Technion’s unified system. All information about the various access options is available on the off-campus access page.
###I cannot connect from home - what should I do?
Please open a ticket at the Technion HelpDesk (Hebrew only).
###I do not remember my Technion account information. Who should I turn to?
Account information can be self-recovered. If necessary, contact the Technion HelpDesk.
###I have a faculty / unit account, can I use this account to connect library resources off-campus?
Access is only available with these accounts: @[domain address 1] or @[domain address 2].
###Can I connect from abroad as well?
Sure. Access is available from anywhere and with any network, and since it is a web-based system, is also accessible from any device (computer, tablet or smartphone with Internet access).
#Historical Archive
###What can be found in the Technion's historical archive?
The historical archive contains:
* Documents, letters, protocols and photocopies of newspaper articles.
* A partial heritage of Alexander Baerwald.
* A collection of photos and historical photographs.
* A collection of military programs by Professor Yohanan Ratner.
* A partial collection of maps by Gottlieb Schumacher.
###Is it necessary to book in advance a visit to the Historical Archive?
Yes, visit by appointment only. Please contact the department’s email stating the search topic and the purpose of using the materials. A visit will be coordinated during the Historical Archive opening hours, [Open Time].
###Is it possible to borrow the materials from the Historical Archive?
No, the materials are not borrowable, and are not taken out of the archive’s climate control room while browsing.
###Do I need to pay for the service?
No, the Historical Archive does not charge for visiting or for using the materials.
###Where can I find campus statistics?
For campus statistics – please contact the Communication and External Relations Unit or the Construction and Maintenance Division. | lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
What if you could spend your life never sleeping? What would you do with the extra hours in each day?
### Response:
| If I could spend my life never sleeping, some of the things I might do with that extra time include:
* Spend more time with friends and family. I can use the extra time to develop stronger ties and bonds with my loved ones, including my family members and close friends. I might watch films more often with them or host games at night that we can play together. Or, I might organize more potluck parties where each one bring a dish.
* Enjoy my favorite hobbies more (or discover new ones). I could use the extra time to take dance and music lessons, read more fiction books, collect action figures, etc. In addition, I would love to develop some new hobbies that I have always wanted to try, e.g. skiing and bouldering.
* Travel and see more of the world. If I had lots of extra time, I would use them to travel around the world to experience life in different ways. I could explore new places, cultures, cuisines, traditions, and ways of living. I can also make friends with people from different backgrounds.
* Exercise and improve my physical condition. With more extra time, I would become more active and commit to a healtier lifestyle. For example, I'll stick to a regular fitness plan and increase my physical activity by adding strength training and taking a Yogo class.
* Work more to advance my career and personal growth. I might use the extra time to learn new skills outside of my primary career. For example, I would learn a new language or pursue a part-time job in art history or education. Moreover, I would get out of my comfort zone and become more proactive in buidling my network.
* Get more involved in my community. With all of the extra time available to me, I could devote myself to volunteering or giving back to my local community. This might involve working with organizations like soup kitchens, animal shelters, or environmental conservation groups. Alternatively, I might consider starting my own nonprofit organization focused on addressing issues that matter most to me. | lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Imagine you are in charge of reforming school education, what would you change?
### Response:
| If I were in charge of reforming school education, here are some changes I would make:
* Reduce standardized tests and eliminate the stigma associated with failing them. The focus on testing is harmful in so many ways. It encourages teaching to the test and rote learning. It leads to gaming the system by teachers and students. It leads to a narrowing of the curriculum as schools focus on the subjects that are tested. It discriminates against kids who aren't good at taking tests, especially kids with ADHD, dyslexia and other learning disabilities. There needs to be more evaluation of critical thinking and reasoning skills, and less emphasis on memorization and regurgitation.
* Enhance teacher training and support. I would make teacher education more rigorous, with more emphasis on pedagogy and less on content. A good teacher does not need to know all the answers, but needs to know how to find the answers, and how to inspire and guide students. In addition, I would make it compulsory for teachers to keep updating their knowledge of both their subject and of teaching methods.
* Increase government fundings for teacher training. I would invest heavily in teacher training and professional development and ensure that teachers are well supported, respected and fairly paid.<\lit>
* Introduce a course on logical fallacies, starting with the most basic ones like appeal to authority, ad hominem, red herring, tu quoque, appeal to tradition, appeal to emotion, etc. I would also introduce a course on critical thinking, which would be more practical than the previous one. Students would learn how to formulate arguments and evaluate them, how to distinguish between good and bad arguments, etc.
* Ensure that students receive a balanced curriculum including the arts, humanities and sciences. Schools should be evaluated on how well they develop the whole student, including their social, emotional and physical wellbeing.<\lit> | lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Why some women go up a shoe size after pregnancy?
### Response:
| During pregnancy, the body produces higher levels of the hormone "relaxin". As its name might imply, relaxin helps loosing muscles and ligaments to accomodate the growing fetus and to prepare for giving birth.
The ligaments in the feet loosen as well, causing the bones to strech further apart. This effect is amplified by the added pregnancy weight, causing some women to go up a full shoe size during pregnancy. | lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Can you write an email to remind the residents of an upcoming annual fire alarm in the building today?
### Response:
| Dear Residents,
We hope you all are having a wonderful week!
This is a friendly reminder that the annual apartment fire alarm testing will begin today.
Please expect a visit from the Maintenance Team and the Fire Alarm Company today. They will need access to your apartment, so please make accommodations and ensure your pets are in a safe location. Additionally, you do not need to be home for the duration of the testing. The testing will be between [Time] AM and [Time] PM (The testing may not last until [Time]).
There will be intermittent alarms going off, so if you are noise sensitive, please make arrangements to be out of the community for the duration of the testing or stop by the leasing office for ear plugs.
FAQs
1. The Fire Alarm Team will need to view the fire alarms present in the home to ensure their functionality.
2. The Fire Alarm Team will not be taking off their shoes or putting on shoe-covers as this is time-consuming; please place mats or rugs in your apartment for the team to tread on.
We thank you for your continued support for the community while the team ensures that the property is up to the [StateName] Safety Code.
Please contact the Leasing Office if you have any questions, concerns, or clarifications through our email [Email Address] or on our phone at [Phone Number].
Sincerely,
[Team Name]
[Address] | lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Can you evaluate and compare the accomplishments of Michael Jordan and LeBron James using the data presented in the table, covering various aspects?
| | Michael Jordan | LeBron James |
|-----------------------|----------------|--------------|
| final championships | 6 | 4 |
| MVP | 5 | 4 |
| FMVP | 6 | 4 |
| All-star Team | 14 | 17 |
| Total Score | 32292 | 38652 |
| Field goal percentage | 49.70% | 50.42% |
| Free throw percentage | 83.50% | 72.30% |
| Assist | 5633 | 10420 |
| Rebound | 6672 | 10550 |
| Steal | 2514 | 2102 |
| Block | 893 | 1065 |
| Triple pair | 28 | 105 |
### Response:
| Michael Jordan and LeBron James are widely considered to be two of the greatest basketball players of all time, with both having accomplished a significant amount in their careers. However, the evaluation of their achievements is open to personal interpretation, and there is no clear consensus on which one is superior. The table data that follows provides an impartial summary of their accomplishments.
* Final championships: Michael Jordan has been victorious in six NBA championship tournaments, whereas LeBron James has attained four NBA championship titles.
* MVP awards: Both players have won four NBA MVP awards.
* Finals MVP awards: Michael Jordan has won six NBA Finals MVP awards, while LeBron James has won four NBA Finals MVP awards.
* All-Star appearances: Jordan was chosen as an All-Star team member on 14 occasions, whereas James has been selected 17 times.
* Total score: LeBron James has scored more total points than Michael Jordan, with 38652 points compared to Jordan's 32292 points.
* Field goal percentage: LeBron James has a slightly higher field goal percentage than Michael Jordan, with a percentage of 50.42% compared to Jordan's 49.70%.
* Free throw percentage: Michael Jordan has a significantly higher free throw percentage than LeBron James, with a percentage of 83.50% compared to James's 72.30%.
* Assists: LeBron James has more career assists than Michael Jordan, with 10420 assists compared to Jordan's 5633.
* Rebounds: LeBron James has more career rebounds than Michael Jordan, with 10550 rebounds compared to Jordan's 6672.
* Steals: Michael Jordan has more career steals than LeBron James, with 2514 steals compared to James's 2102.
* Blocks: LeBron James has more career blocks than Michael Jordan, with 1065 blocks compared to Jordan's 893.
* Triple doubles: LeBron James has more career triple doubles than Michael Jordan, with 105 triple doubles compared to Jordan's 28.
Taking all these factors into consideration, we can conclude that Jordan and James are both exceptional players who have achieved high levels of success in different eras and circumstances. While the comparison between the two players is to some extent subjective, their performances and achievements cannot be ignored. We should cherish the classic games and memories of these two players and respect their individual talents and achievements. It should also be noted that while the two players are very similar in many ways, they are also very different. Therefore, we should not compare them too much, but appreciate them for their individual characteristics and achievements. | lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
What are the main differences between Xbox and PlayStation?
### Response:
| Both Xbox and PlayStation are leading gaming consoles, accounting together for the vast majority of the console market. Some notable differences between the two include:
* Manufacturer: Xbox is developed by Microsoft, while PlayStation is developed by Sony.
* Games: Both consoles feature a wide selection of games, with some titles distributed exclusively for PlayStation (e.g. God of War) or Xbox (e.g. Halo). PlayStation typically has more exclusive games.
* Controller: PlayStation has an almost symmetric controller, while the Xbox controller has an offset analog stick, which is more suitable for adult hands.
Additional differences include console design, online services, and VR support. Ultimately, selecting a gaming console depends on your personal preferences. | lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
How can Asian people see with those tiny slit for eyes?
### Response:
| Asian people having tiny eyes is a false stereotype and generally considered as racism. The eye shape of a person is determined by their genes, not race or ethinicity. | lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
I'm the admin of a Facebook group about hiking in my area. As we're heading into the summer, I'd like to remind members to be mindful of safety. Can you draft a post for me?
### Response:
| 🛑 Safety First! 🛑
Hey everyone! Now that the weather is warming up and we're all enjoying nature, I wanted to share a few safety tips to help everyone stay safe on the trails 😎
💦 Pack plenty of water
👫 Hike in groups
⚡ Charge your phones
🧭 Use apps like AllTrails to keep track of where you're going
🐍 Look and listen for rattlesnakes - if you see one, keep your distance!
🦟 Use mosquito spray, and shower after hikes to wash off any insects
☀️ Wear sunscreen! | lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Pretend to be a news reporter. How would you ask questions during an interview with a public figure?
### Response:
| An important thing to remember when interviewing anyone is that you already know the broad strokes of what they're going to say. You did your research beforehand, you know their position on the topic, you probably have a good idea of their background and how they came to their position. What you want to do is get them to fill in the details, to provide color and depth to the story.
Hre are some example questions I would ask if I were a news reporter:
(Opening statement) Good evening. I'm (name), and this is (name of show). Tonight, we're joined by (name of guest), (title or occupation of guest). Thank you for joining us.
(First question) Let's start at the beginning. How did you become involved in (subject of interview)?
(Second question) Many of our viewers may not be familiar with the intricacies of (subject of interview). Can you explain (complex concept in subject) in terms the average person can understand?
(Third question) (Name of guest), you've been extremely critical of (name of opponent or person with opposing viewpoint). Do you feel your statements have been misconstrued, or do you stand by them?
(Fourth question) (Name of guest), you've been involved in (subject of interview) for (number of years). How do you feel the situation has changed over that time?
(Final question) (Name of guest), we've just about run out of time, but I'd like to give you a chance to make one final statement, or to address any issues that we haven't covered tonight. | lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
What if the moon had never formed?
### Response:
| The moon was critical to the formation of life as we know it. The huge tides generated by the moon's gravity allowed chemical building blocks to mix from different parts of the planet. The early moon also helped slow the Earth's rotation and stabilize the tilt - resulting in our seasons. | lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
What is the difference between parliamentary and presidential democracies?
### Response:
| Democracies come in various shapes and sizes. One way of classifying democracies is into presidential, semi-presidential, and parliamentary democracies. The key differences lie in the checks and balances between the executive branch (the government) and the legislative branch (the legislature):
* In a presidential democracy, the government is not responsible to the legislature, i.e. it cannot be removed by a vote of no-confidence. For example, in the United States, the president is elected separately from Congress, and cannot be removed by congress during their term, apart from extreme circumstances (impeachment and conviction).
* In a semi-presidential democracy, the head of state is elected independently of the legislature, and is not responsible to the legislature, but the government is. For example, France is a semi-presidential democracy, where the president is elected directly by the citizens, but the government and prime minister are voted in by the parliament.
* In a parliamentary democracy, the government is responsible to the legislature, aligning the executive and legislative branches. Many parliamentary democracies elect their head of state via the legislature, while others, such as the United Kingdom, have a hereditary head of state. | lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Write an essay with an Outline on the following topic: "How to learn a foreign language?" with max of 350 words.
### Response:
| Learning a foreign language is an important skill that can open up countless opportunities and experiences. Whether for travel, work, or personal growth, knowing how to speak a second or third language is a valuable asset in today’s increasingly globalized world. While it may sometimes seem like a daunting undertaking, there are several key strategies that can help make learning a new language easier and more effective.
One of the first steps in learning a foreign language is to set a goal. This could be something as simple as learning a few key phrases before a trip abroad or something more long term, such as achieving fluency in a language for work or personal reasons. Setting a goal provides a clear endpoint and motivation to keep going.
Once a goal has been established, it’s important to create a structured learning plan. This can include setting aside dedicated study time each day or week, focusing on specific aspects of the language (such as grammar or vocabulary), and setting measurable benchmarks to track progress. A learning plan keeps things organized and ensures that steady progress is being made toward the ultimate goal.
Immersion is one of the best ways to learn a foreign language quickly and effectively. This can involve watching movies without subtitles, reading books in the target language, listening to podcasts, or even taking a trip to a foreign country. Immersive learning helps build confidence speaking the language and exposes learners to new words and concepts in a natural way.
Practicing regularly is essential when learning a foreign language. This can take many forms, including talking to native speakers, practicing with flashcards, using online programs, or simply thinking in the target language. Practice reinforces what has already been learned and helps develop new skills. It also builds confidence, which is crucial for improving language ability.
It’s important to remember that learning a foreign language takes time and practice. Don’t get discouraged if progress seems slow - every little bit counts! With dedication and perseverance, anyone can become multilingual. | lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Here are a few paragraphs that I took out of Wikipedia:
* The Warp Pipe is a common method of transportation used in many of the Mario series games. Warp Pipes are most often green but also appear in other colors (early games included silver pipes, newer games have introduced red, green, blue and yellow pipes), and have many uses in the series. Warp Pipes can also contain enemies, usually Piranha Plants, and sometimes launch the player into the air (most commonly seen in the New Super Mario Bros. series). In early Mario games such as Super Mario Bros., special, well-hidden areas known as Warp Zones contain pipes that allow players to skip several worlds (handfuls of levels) at once.[19] In the New Super Mario Bros. series, pipe-shaped Warp Cannons work similarly to the Warp Zones of the earlier games and are unlocked by finding secret exits in levels. Cannons appear in most of the 3D games in the series starting with Super Mario 64. The character uses the cannon by jumping into the barrel, aiming themself and being fired at a distant target. This allows the character to progress through a level or reach otherwise inaccessible areas.
* Much of the supporting cast was introduced in the succeeding games for the Genesis and its add-ons. Sonic 2 introduced Sonic's sidekick Miles "Tails" Prower, a fox who can fly using his two tails.[208] Sonic CD introduced Amy Rose, a pink hedgehog and Sonic's self-proclaimed girlfriend, and Metal Sonic, a robotic doppelgänger of Sonic created by Eggman.[209] Sonic 3 introduced Sonic's rival Knuckles, a red echidna and the guardian of the Master Emerald.[210] The Master Emerald, introduced in Sonic & Knuckles,[211] controls the power of the Chaos Emeralds.[201] Knuckles' Chaotix introduced the Chaotix, a group comprising Espio the Chameleon, Vector the Crocodile, and Charmy Bee.[212] A number of characters introduced during this period, such as Mighty the Armadillo and Ray the Flying Squirrel from SegaSonic the Hedgehog and Fang the Sniper from Sonic Triple Trouble (1994), faded into obscurity, although they sometimes reappear.[38][213]
* Some Easter eggs originated from in-jokes between members of the development team. One example is "Toasty", which found its way into the game in the form of a small image of sound designer Dan Forden, who would appear in the corner of the screen during gameplay (after performing an uppercut) and yell the phrase "Toasty!", originating from him saying "you're toast".[45] This egg was also the key to unlocking the hidden character Smoke when it happened in the Portal stage in Mortal Kombat II.[42] In Mortal Kombat 4, Forden would say "Toasty! 3D!" after Scorpion did his burn Fatality, a reference to the fact that it is the first 3D game of the series.[46] "Toasty!" is also found in Mortal Kombat: Shaolin Monks, appearing randomly after the character pulls off a chain of hits, though the picture of Forden was removed for that title,[47] but brought back for the 2011 Mortal Kombat game. Yet another private joke was the hidden character Noob Saibot, who has appeared in various versions of the game starting with Mortal Kombat II. The character's name derived from two of the series' creators' surnames, Ed Boon and John Tobias, spelled backwards.[48] In addition, a counter for ERMACS on the game's audits screen (ERMACS being short for error macros), was interpreted by some players as a reference to a hidden character in the original Mortal Kombat. The development team decided to turn the rumor into reality, introducing Ermac in Ultimate Mortal Kombat 3 as an unlockable secret character.[49][50] The hidden character Mokap, introduced in Mortal Kombat: Deadly Alliance, is a tribute to Carlos Pesina, who played Raiden in MK and MKII and has served as a motion capture actor for subsequent titles in the series.[51]
Write 10 quiz questions based on the information in these paragraphs.
### Response:
| Here are 10 trivia questions based on the three Wikipedia paragraphs you have provided:
1. In the Super Mario video game series, which color is a typical warp pipe?
2. In newer Super Mario games, which alternative mode of transportation serves as a similar mode of transportation to warp pipes?
3. In the original Super Mario Bros. series, how can Mario skip several worlds at once?
4. In Super Mario video games, which enemies typically appear in warp pipes?
5. Who is the guardian of the Master Emerald in the Sonic the Hedgehog franchise?
6. Who is Sonic the Hedgehog's girlfriend?
7. Who was Sonic the Hedgehog's first sidekick?
8. Who played Raiden in the first two Mortal Kombat video games?
9. In Mortal Kombat II, what could trigger the "Toasty!" sound effect?
10. In the Mortal Kombat video game, there is a character named Noob Saibot. What is the origin of his name? | lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Calculate $\int\left( \sqrt{\tan x}+\sqrt{\cot x}\right)dx$
### Response:
| Sure, here is the solution.
$$I=\int\left( \sqrt{\tan x}+\sqrt{\cot x}\right)dx$$
$$=\int \frac{\sin x+\cos x}{\sqrt{\sin x\cos x}} dx$$
Putting $\sin x-\cos x=u$, $du=(\cos x+\sin x)dx, u^2=1-2\sin x\cos x,\sin x\cos x=\frac{u^2-1}2$
$$I=\int \frac{\sqrt 2du }{\sqrt{1-u^2}}=\sqrt 2\arcsin u+C=\sqrt 2\arcsin(\sin x-\cos x)+C$$
where $C$ is an arbitrary constant for an indefinite integral. | lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
What if the internet had never been invented? How would that have affected communication and society?
### Response:
| If the internet had never been invented, the world would be a very different place.
The most immediate difference would be a much slower pace of technological development. The internet allows ideas to be shared instantly, and for collaboration between individuals who may be thousands of miles apart. It allows companies to outsource work to people all over the world, and for people to find information and learn new things at incredible speeds.
Without the internet, all of these things would be much slower. It would take years for a new idea to spread around the world, for example, and companies would have to rely on people local to their business for all of their workforce.
The world would also be a much less connected place. It's easy to forget, as the internet has become such a huge part of our lives, that it's really only been around for a couple of decades. Before then, it was still possible to travel and communicate internationally, but it was much more difficult, and as a result, the world was a much bigger place.
Without the internet, we would see more regional cultures and identities. In a world where it takes years for new ideas to spread, cultures have a much better chance to grow and flourish independently.
We would also see a much bigger difference between rich and poor countries. The internet has allowed developing countries to leapfrog in many areas of technology, for example in the way that many people in Africa have skipped landline phone networks and gone straight to mobile phones. Without the internet, these kinds of leapfrogging effects would be much less common. | lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Show me the current stock price.
### Response:
| I am sorry, but as an AI assistant I don't have access to real-time information, such as the weather and stock information. Feel free to ask me something else. | lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
How to append an item to list in a for loop in python?
### Response:
| To append an item to a list, you can use the list object's `append()` method. Below is a running example where we want to append the integers from 1 to 10 to the original list `l`.
```
# original list
l = [-3, -2, -1, 0]
# for loop for adding integer
for i in range(11):
# append an integer
l.append(i)
# print out the modified list
print(l)
```
The output of the above code is
```
[-3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
``` | lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Who are you?
### Response:
| I am an AI language model developed by Meta. I am here to try to answer your questions. Feel free to ask me anything, and I will do my best to assit you. | lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
How can you tell if someone is being truthful or lying to you?
### Response:
| To tell if someone if being truthful or lying to you, here are a few things to look for:
* Look for inconsistencies in what they say. If one time they said one thing, and another time they said the opposite, or if they contradict themselves within the same conversation, that's a sign that they may be lying.
* Look for signs of stress. Liars often have a harder time lying when they're under more stress. Pay attention to whether or not they seem nervous. Are they fidgeting? Stuttering? Avoiding eye contact? These can all be signs that they're lying to you. However, some people are good liars, and can lie with a straight face. This is why it's best to look for multiple signs that they're lying.
* Pay attention to what they don't say. If someone is lying to you, they may leave out details, or fail to correct you when you make an assumption that isn't true.
* Ask follow-up questions. Liars often give short answers because they're trying to avoid giving details that may incriminate them. Follow up with questions like, "Why did you do that?" or "How did that happen?" to see if they're fumbling for an answer.
* Ask questions you already know the answer to. This is a great way to catch someone in a lie. If you know the answer, you can say, "Oh, so it was you who broke the vase, not Kyle," and see if they correct you.
* Look for micro-expressions. A micro-expression is a brief, involuntary facial expression that reveals someone's true emotions. People who are lying may make a micro-expression of anxiety or guilt. You have to pay close attention, because these expressions only last for a fraction of a second.
* Pay attention if they change the subject. This is a classic sign of a liar. If someone is trying to distract you from the truth, they may change the subject or try to redirect the conversation.
And remember, people lie for many reasons. The simple fact that someone is lying to you does not mean that they are guilty of the crime you are investigating. They may be protecting someone else, or themselves from something embarrassing, or they may be lying about something completely unrelated. Always keep the reason for your questioning in mind, and be prepared to pursue other lines of inquiry based on the information you learn. | lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
I am 30 years old, is it too late to start learning piano now?
### Response:
| It's never too late to learn the piano. However, it will be harder for you than for a child:
* You have to make a conscious decision to practice, whereas a child just does it because their parents told them to. This makes it easier to skip practice when you don't feel like it.
* You probably have other responsibilities (work, family) that take up time and energy. A child usually has nothing but time and energy. This means you'll have to be more efficient in your practice, and cut out all non-essential activities.
* You're starting from zero. A child can learn a piece of music in a few days that would take you months to learn. This means you have to be patient and accept that you'll be playing nursery rhymes for a while.
On the other hand, you have some advantages over a child:
* You can understand more abstract concepts. This means you can learn more efficiently, and don't have to rely on muscle memory as much.
* You have a greater capacity for focused concentration. A child's attention span is very short. This means you can get more done in a single practice session.
* You have a better sense of dedication and perseverance. A child will give up the moment it becomes difficult. You, on the other hand, will stubbornly keep trying until you succeed. This will get you through the initial stages much faster.
The conclusion is that it's not too late for you to learn the piano, but it will take a lot of effort and discipline. If you're willing to put in the work, you will succeed. | lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
What is the weather today?
### Response:
| I am sorry, but I am not programmed to have access to real-time information, such as the weather and stock information. Feel free to ask me something else. | lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
I'm looking for a new science fiction book to read, and I hear that Andy Weir is pretty good. Tell about his novels, and explain why I should choose to read each one.
### Response:
| Andy Weir has written some best-selling books in science fiction. Here is a list of Weir's three most critically-acclaimed works, including a short description and explanation for why you might want to read them:
###The Martian
Description: An American astronaut, Mark Watney, becomes stranded alone on Mars in 2035, and must improvise in order to survive.
Why Read: The Martian features technical details worthy of a hard sci-fi novel with comical writing and a healthy amount of suspense. It won the Hugo Award and was adapted into a blockbuster movie.
###Artemis
Description: Artemis takes place in the late 2080s in Artemis, the first and so far only city on the Moon. It follows the life of porter and smuggler Jasmine "Jazz" Bashara as she gets caught up in a conspiracy for control of the city.
Why Read: The novel combines the thrill of a heist with the right amount of scientific geekery associated with living on the moon. It won the Dragon Award for Best Science Fiction Novel.
###Project Hail Mary
Description: Set in the near future, Project Hail Mary centers on middle school teacher-turned-astronaut Ryland Grace, who wakes up from a coma afflicted with amnesia. He gradually remembers that he was sent to the Tau Ceti solar system, 12 light-years from Earth, to find a means of reversing a solar dimming event that could cause the extinction of humanity.
Why Read: Project Hail Mary is a science fiction masterpiece. It won the Hugo Award and is being adapted into a movie. | lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Can you write C# code that can find the proper placement of queens on a chessboard?
### Response:
| The puzzle known as N queens is a problem that involves placing N chess queens on an N×N chessboard such that no two queens are capable of threatening each other. This means that a valid solution must ensure that no two queens are positioned on the same row, column, or diagonal of the board.
```
// C# code to for n Queen placement
using System;
class GfG
{
static void breakLine()
{
Console.Write("\n---------------------------------\n");
}
// maximum size of the chessboard
static int MAX = 10;
// array to store queen placements
static int[] arr = new int[MAX];
// variable to count the number of solutions found
static int no;
// recursive function to find solutions
static void nQueens(int k, int n)
{
// try all possible positions for queen in the current row
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
{
// check if queen can be placed at the current position
if (canPlace(k, i))
{
// place the queen at the current position
arr[k] = i;
// if all queens are placed, display the solution
if (k == n)
{
display(n);
}
else
{
// recursively try to place remaining queens
nQueens(k + 1, n);
}
}
}
}
// helper function to check if queen can be placed at the current position
static bool canPlace(int k, int i)
{
for (int j = 1; j <= k - 1; j++)
{
// check if queen is already placed in the same column or diagonal
if (arr[j] == i || (Math.Abs(arr[j] - i) == Math.Abs(j - k)))
{
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
// function to display the solution
static void display(int n)
{
breakLine();
Console.Write("Arrangement No. " + ++no);
breakLine();
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
{
for (int j = 1; j <= n; j++)
{
// print '_' for empty cell and 'Q' for cell with queen
if (arr[i] != j)
{
Console.Write("\t_");
}
else
{
Console.Write("\tQ");
}
}
Console.WriteLine("");
}
breakLine();
}
// Driver code to initialize the problem and call the recursive function
public static void Main(String[] args)
{
int n = 4; // size of the chessboard
nQueens(1, n);
}
}
```
The above code will print the following output:
```
---------------------------------
Arrangement No. 1
---------------------------------
_ Q _ _
_ _ _ Q
Q _ _ _
_ _ Q _
---------------------------------
---------------------------------
Arrangement No. 2
---------------------------------
_ _ Q _
Q _ _ _
_ _ _ Q
_ Q _ _
---------------------------------
```
| lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
What gives rise to musical ability, biologically speaking?
### Response:
| Based on a 2015 article from Nature Scientific Reports, many genes are "turned on" when performing a complex musical piece.
These genes are related to muscle control, neural flexibility and growth, and even to the pleasure center in the brain.
Interestingly, variants of about a third of these genes were also previously identified as relating to song production and perception in songbirds. | lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
In my room, I regularly have clothes that are clean enough not to go in the laundry, but not enough to go back in the wardrobe/closet. For example, a pair of jeans I wore yesterday, or a hoodie I slept in in the last few days. I currently put such clothes on a chair, but it usually just ends up as a pile of clothes.
I am looking for a better alternative for keeping these clothes easily accessible, preferably one that looks less messy and occupies less space than a chair.
### Response:
| To keep you clothes easily accessible and less messy, one option is getting an IVAR side panel from IKEA.
Lean it against a wall at a slight angle and put these “limbo” clothes over the horizontal bars.
It comes in different sizes, and stands almost entirely flat against the wall if you don't use it. If you want it hidden, it usually fits behind a door pretty well.
In addition, it will also look rather unique compared to most people’s clothes-chair solution. | lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
What would have happened if Ming dynasty China crossed the Pacific and settled the Americas during the 15th Century? Discuss the exact details of how something like this could happen and how it would effect history up to the present day.
### Response:
| If Ming dynasty China had crossed the Pacific and settled the Americas during the 15th century, history as we know it would have been dramatically altered. Here is one speculation of how such a scenario might have unfolded and its potential repercussions up to the present day.
Real History: In the early 1400s, the Ming dynasty, under Emperor Yongle, carried out ambitious naval expeditions led by Admiral Zheng He, who explored and established trade relations across the Indian Ocean and as far west as Africa.
Hypothetical Scenario: In this alternate history, Zheng He's fleet ventures further eastward, crossing the Pacific Ocean and reaching present-day California.
How does this scenario play out?
* Upon discovering the Americas, the Chinese encounter indigenous civilizations and establish trading relations with them. This leads to the establishment of Chinese settlements along the Pacific coast of the Americas. Chinese settlers import advanced technologies, including gunpowder, paper, printing, and agricultural practices, transforming the lives of indigenous peoples. At the same time, the introduction of Old World diseases decimates indigenous populations, akin to the Columbian exchange in our timeline.
* Over the 1500s and 1600s, hybrid Chinese-indigenous societies form throughout the Americas, forming unique cultures, languages, and religions. The trans-Pacific trade between China and its colonies sparks an economic golden age in China, making it the richest empire on Earth. By reinvesting its newfound wealth in its military, the Ming dynasty does not collapse as in our timeline, instead becoming the number one naval power in the world.
* In parallel, Europeans do eventually arrive in the Americas and settle parts of the Atlantic coast. Contact between Chinese and European colonies, particularly in Central America, ignites a series of local conflicts, culminating in an acknowledgement of Chinese sovereignty over modern-day Mexico in exchange for civil and cultural rights for indigenous peoples and European settlers, enforced through a non-interventionist policy of the Chinese colonial government. By creating the world’s first de facto multicultural territory, this agreement facilitates a steady flow of goods, technologies, and ideas between Chinese, European, and indigenous cultures, influencing humanistic ideologies that spread throughout the New World.
* Throughout the 1700s and 1800s, a unique American identity emerges from the multicultural melting pot, based on universal humanist values. This new generation of Americans finds itself at odds with Old World notions of national identity and monarchy, and eventually rebel against Chinese, European, and other external influences. Some colonies gain independence during this period, while other territories are annexed by the newly-independent American countries over the following century.
* By the present day, the American continents host nations that are independent of their original Old World colonies, much like in our timeline, though they differ in geographical borders and ethno-cultural composition. China is more powerful and prosperous in this timeline, having benefited from its American colonies for three centuries.
To conclude, had Ming dynasty China crossed the Pacific and settled the Americas in the 15th century, history would have been significantly different. It is important to remember that the scenario presented here is purely hypothetical, and that the actual historical events followed a different path, with European powers ultimately dominating the colonization of the New World. | lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
How do you learn to play the guitar?
### Response:
| There are several ways to learn how to play the guitar, including:
* Taking lessons from a teacher who can help you learn and give personalized tips based on your level.
* Using online videos and tutorials that offer free lessons and exercises for beginners.
* Practicing independently using books or websites that teach basic techniques and songs.
It is important to remember that learning to play an instrument takes time and practice, so be patient with yourself and don't get discouraged if you don't see progress right away. | lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
What is the genetic significance of humans being either left-handed or right-handed?
### Response:
| Handedness is a very interesting phenomenon, but it is not as simple as being either left or right handed.
In most people the brain is asymmetrical, with some functions, such as language, being localised to one hemisphere. In most people this is the left hemisphere, which leads to these people being right handed as they use their dominant hand to perform tasks involving fine motor control, such as writing. Left handed people have their language centres in the right hemisphere, and while they may perform other tasks with their left hand they can often do tasks involving fine motor control with either hand.
There are also people who are truly ambidextrous, capable of performing tasks with either hand equally well. These people, while rare, do not have brains that are symmetrical, but have developed connections between the two hemispheres that allow them to access both motor cortices.
The genetics of handedness are complex and not well understood. There does appear to be a genetic component, but it is not straightforward. Identical twins who are brought up in the same environment are not always both left or right handed, suggesting that environmental factors also play a role.
One of the most interesting things about handedness is how early it becomes apparent. Children as young as two years old can be assessed for handedness, and it is very rare for a child's handedness to change over time. This suggests that it is very strongly influenced by genetics, with environmental factors playing a minor role. | lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Write an abstract for a machine learning paper that shows how to train a chatbot by fine-tuning a pretrained language model on 1000 carefully curated examples.
### Response:
| Language models have shown impressive results through a combination of unsupervised training, large scale instruction tuning, and reinforcement learning. We explore the relative importance of these approaches by fine-tuning a language model on only 1000 high-quality examples, and demonstrate remarkably strong performance. The training data comprises of carefully curated examples from [add sources]. We find that with only a handful of demonstrations, the model can quickly learn to follow specific answer formats, answering complex queries from planning trip itineraries to speculating about alternative histories. In a controlled human study, we observe that our simple approach brings the model to the same level of performance as industry-grade chatbots. These results support a hypothesis that almost all knowledge in large language models is learnt during pre-training, and only limited instruction tuning data is necessary to teach models to focus on modes corresponding to high quality outputs. | lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
How to make a lesson plan to accommodate all of the learning difficulties in the classroom?
### Response:
| It's important to note that accommodating all learning styles is not possible. If it was, schools would have to hire one teacher for each learning style, and that's not practical. Furthermore, there is little research that shows that accommodating learning styles improves student performance.
That being said, it is important to accommodate different learning needs. You can try to do this when you create a lesson plan to keep the students engaged:
* Have clear objectives for each lesson and making sure to review these objectives before starting the lesson (this helps students know what is expected of them)
* Have variety of activities to help students practice the skills being learned (this helps students with different learning styles practice the skills)
* Have some flexibility in how the activities are completed (this helps students with different learning styles complete the activities in a way that works for them)
* Have some extra help time built into the lesson to allow students to ask questions and receive extra help if needed (this helps all students, but especially those with learning difficulties)
* Give students opportunities to work with each other to practice the skills (this helps all students, but especially those with learning difficulties)
* Provide extra practice outside of class (this helps all students, but especially those with learning difficulties)
I hope this helps! | lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
I have a 7yo son. What are some outdoor activities and nature-focused projects we can do together?
### Response:
| Here are some outdoor activities and nature-focused projects you could try to do together, some of which require little or no preparation:
* Go on nature walks and look for different kinds of trees, leaves, and flowers. Look for different types of rocks and pick up interesting ones to look at closely. Take a bag to put interesting things in.
* Go to a park and play on the swings, slide, and other equipment. Look for interesting trees, plants, and rocks.
* Go to a local farm and see what's growing. Check out the animals if they have any (chickens, goats, pigs, horses, etc.).
* Go geocaching with a handheld GPS. It's a high-tech version of a treasure hunt. You can find caches all over the place.
* Go hiking. Find a local trail and go for a walk.
* Play in a stream or pond. Look for different types of rocks and minerals. Look for fish and other critters.
* Build a fort in the woods. Use sticks and leaves to decorate it.
* Go rock climbing at a local climbing gym. Find a bouldering area if they have one. It's a fun way to climb without the risk of falling very far.
* Have a picnic lunch in the woods. | lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
I need to complain to HR about how my boss has been treating me. Write me an email.
### Response:
| Subject: Complaint Regarding [Issue]
Dear HR Manager,
I am writing this email to bring to your attention an issue that I have been having with my boss, [Boss' Name]. Over the past few months, [Explain the problem in detail, including any relevant dates and names]. This has negatively affected my ability to perform my duties at work, and has created a hostile environment for me in the office.
Unfortunately, I feel that this situation cannot be resolved without intervention from HR. Please consider this my formal complaint against [Boss' Name], and let me know what steps I need to take next to ensure that this matter is addressed appropriately. Thank you for your prompt attention to this matter.
Sincerely,
[Your Name] | lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
I have a very long integer given as a string. Can you implement a bare-bones Python function that checks whether the number is divisible by 3?
### Response:
| Since the given number may be too large to fit into a built-in number type and apply the modulo (%) operator, we will rely on the divisibility rule for 3:
> A number is completely divisible by 3 if the sum of its digits is divisible by 3.
Here is a Python implementation of this divisibility test:
# Python program to find if a number is
```
def div3(num) :
# Compute sum of digits
remainder = 0
for digit in num:
remainder += int(digit)
remainder %= 3
return (remainder == 0)
``` | lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Can you help me write a touching and compelling AD for a cozy cocktail bar?
### Response:
| At [Bar Name], we aim to offer a distinctive and unforgettable experience that is both comforting and tranquil. Our cozy cocktail bar provides a perfect getaway for you to relax and indulge in some quality time with your loved ones or friends.
Upon entering, you will be transported to a different realm, thanks to the warm and welcoming environment created by the soft lighting, comfortable seating, and ambiance. Our cocktail menu is curated with premium spirits and ingredients, carefully combined to offer you unique and flavorful creations.
Beyond being just a cocktail bar, we are devoted to crafting moments that will last a lifetime, whether you're celebrating a special event or unwinding with friends. Our staff is dedicated to delivering a memorable and exceptional experience that you will cherish.
At [Bar Name], we believe that life is about seizing the breath-taking moments, and our goal is to create those moments every day. Join us and let us take you on a journey to a world of intimacy and everlasting memories.
We look forward to your visit at [Bar Name]. | lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Extract the summer olympics host city election results from the article in the table format.
The International Olympic Committee (IOC) voted to select the host city of the 2020 Summer Olympics on 7 September 2013, at the 125th IOC Session in Buenos Aires, Argentina, using an exhaustive ballot system. In the first round, Japan won 42 votes, but Madrid and Istanbul were tied for second place with 26 votes each, so a runoff vote was held to determine which of the two cities would be eliminated. Istanbul beat Madrid 49-45 and advanced to the final. The final vote was a head-to-head contest between Tokyo and Istanbul. Tokyo was selected by 60 votes to 36, gaining at least the 49 votes required for a majority.
### Response:
| Here is the table that summarizes the summer olympics host city election results:
| City | Team | Round 1 | Runoff | Round 2 |
|----------|-------|-------|------|-------|
| Tokyo | Japan | 42 | - | 60 |
| Istanbul | Turkey| 26 | 49 | 36 |
| Madrid | Spain | 26 | 45 | - | | lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Can you give an example of drawing a line graph in Python?
### Response:
| [Matplotlib](https://matplotlib.org/) is arguably the most popular graphing and data visualization library for Python. Below is a working example of using Matplotlib to draw a plot.
First of all, you’ll need to install the Matplotlib package. The easiest way to install matplotlib is to use pip. Type following command in terminal:
```
pip install matplotlib
```
Now we are ready to draw a line graph, and here is an example of how we can achieve this.
```
# Importing the required module
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# Define x-axis and y-axis values
x_values = [1, 2, 3]
y_values = [2, 4, 1]
# Create a figure and a set of subplots
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
# Plot the points
ax.plot(x_values, y_values)
# Set x-axis label
ax.set_xlabel('X-Axis')
# Set y-axis label
ax.set_ylabel('Y-Axis')
# Set title
ax.set_title('My First Graph')
# Display the plot
plt.show()
```
After executing the above code, the graph will be displayed. | lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Can you tell me a joke that might not be obvious in first glance?
### Response:
| A woman is sitting at her recently deceased husband’s funeral. A man leans in to her and asks, "Do you mind if I say a word?"
"No, go right ahead," the woman replies.
The man stands, clears his throat, says "Plethora," and sits back down.
"Thanks," the woman says, "that means a lot." | lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Why is death penalty good for society?
### Response:
| The dealth penalty is a highly controversial topic and the opinions of different people vary a lot. Proponents who argue that the death penalty is needed as retribution argue that “an eye for an eye” is appropriate, that the punishment should match the crime, and that the penalty is needed as a moral balance to the wrong done by the criminal. Opponents who argue that the death penalty is not needed as retribution argue that reformative justice is more productive, that innocent people are often killed in the search for retribution, and that “an eye for an eye makes the whole world blind.” Proponents who argue that the death penalty is a moral punishment state that “an eye for an eye” is justified to promote a good and just society than shuns evil. Opponents who argue that the death penalty is an immoral punishment state that humans should not kill other humans, no matter the reasons, because killing is killing. | lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Help me design an app that automatically decides which pizza to order when a group of friends meet.
### Response:
| Ordering a pizza in a large group can be tricky, especially if there are varying preferences and dietary constraints. To address this problem, here is a proposal of an automatic pizza ordering app named AutoSlice. AutoSlice is installed on each user's phone, and contains each user's manually configured preferences (e.g. toppings, number of slices, allergies, etc.), which can be adapted in real time when ordering. One user (the host) starts an order and invite the other users to join. The app also uses location services to find nearby pizzerias from which to build a recommended order. Once the order is confirmed, the host can then distribute the bill automatically to each user, or decide to pay for everyone. | lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Show me five Sci-Fi movies in 2015.
### Response:
| Sure, here are five Sci-Fi movies released in 2015:
1. The Martian: This movie is about an astronaut who is stranded on Mars after his team assumes him dead. He has to rely on his ingenuity to find a way to signal to Earth that he is alive and can survive until a potential rescue.
2. Mad Max: Fury Road: This movie is set in a post-apocalyptic wasteland, where a woman rebels against a tyrannical ruler in search for her homeland with the aid of a group of female prisoners, a psychotic worshiper and a drifter named Max.
3. Ant-Man: In the film, Scott Lang (Ant-Man) Lang, armed with a super-suit with the astonishing ability to shrink in scale but increase in strength, must help defend Pym's Ant-Man shrinking technology and plot a heist with worldwide ramifications.
4. The Hunger Games: Mockingjay - Part 2: Teamed with a group of her closest friends, the heroine Katniss goes off on a mission with the unit from District 13 to liberate the citizens of Panem, and stage an assassination attempt on President Snow who has become obsessed with destroying her.
5. Jurassic World: This movie is about a theme park of cloned dinosaurs, dubbed Jurassic World, plunges into chaos when a transgenic dinosaur escapes from its enclosure, and goes on a rampage, while a conspiracy orchestrated by the park's staff creates more dangers. | lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Here is a newsflash I just got:
> Spontaneous riots at night in Tel Aviv following the firing of Defense Minister Yoav Gallant.
What questions should I be asking to better understand the situation?
### Response:
| Here are a few questions that may be worth researching to better understand the current situation in Tel Aviv:
* What are the circumstances in which the riots erupted?
* Why was Defense Minister Yoav Gallant fired?
* Are the riots happening only in Tel Aviv or elsewhere too?
* What is the prime minister's response to the situation?
* Is anybody hurt or is there any damage to property?
* What was so controversial about firing the Minister of Defense that it encited riots?
* How is the police responding to the riots? | lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
I feel chest pain, what should I do?
### Response:
| Chest pain is never something to ignore. There are many things that could be causing it, and some of them are very serious, including heart problems, lung conditions, digestive issues, and others.
If you have a history of heart problems or related disease, call emergency services (911 in the US) immediately. Do not try to drive yourself to the hospital. Before the ambulance comes, here are a few things you could do:
* Take a deep breath and count to 3. This will help relax you and slow your heart rate.
* Lie down in a comfortable position.
* Loosen your clothing, particularly your shirt. This will allow your heart to cool.
* Take an over-the-counter aspirin tablet, unless you are allergic to aspirin or have been told by your doctor not to take it. This can help thin blood and prevent clots from forming.
* Monitor your pulse. If you feel your pulse getting faster or slower, this is a sign your heart is in trouble. Tell the paramedics when they arrive. | lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
why do people walk and talk in their sleep?
### Response:
| The cause of sleepwalking is unknown. A number of, as yet unproven, hypotheses are suggested for why it might occur, including: delay in the maturity of the central nervous system, increased slow wave sleep, sleep deprivation, fever, and excessive tiredness. There may be a genetic component to sleepwalking. One study found that sleepwalking occurred in 45% of children who have one parent who sleepwalked, and in 60% of children if both parents sleepwalked. Thus, heritable factors may predispose an individual to sleepwalking, but expression of the behavior may also be influenced by environmental factors.
Sleepwalking has been hypothesized to be linked to the neurotransmitter serotonin, which also appears to be metabolized differently in migraine patients and people with Tourette syndrome, both populations being four to nine times more likely to experience an episode of sleepwalking. Hormonal fluctuations have been found to contribute to sleepwalking episodes in women, with the likeliness to sleepwalk being higher before the onset of menstruation. It also appears that hormonal changes during pregnancy decrease the likelihood of engaging in sleepwalking. | lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Am I the asshole for not telling my girlfriend that my parents are gay?
### Response:
| Whether or not you are an asshole depends on the dynamics of your relationship and the specific context. Here are some points you may consider when reflecting on the situation:
* Personal choice of disclosure. Whether or not to disclose your parents’ sexual orientation is your personal choice. You may have had valid reasons for not sharing this information with your girlfriend earlier, such as respecting your parents’ privacy and not finding a good time to bring this up.
* Your girlfriend’s expectation. Depending on the level of closeness in your relationship, your girlfriend may expect certain levels of openness and honesty. If you have been in a higher level of intimacy, she may expect you to share your personal information including your family status with her. She may feel deceived or hurt if she discovers that you withheld information about your parents’ sexual orientation.
* Your girlfriend’s attitude towards LGBTQ+. If your girlfriend is supportive of the LGBTQ+ group, she may feel uncomfortable with your non-disclosure of your parents’ sexual orientation, as she might feel her values were questioned and you failed to respect her values.
* Reflection on your motivation. Take a moment to reflect on your motivations of not disclosing your parents’ sexual orientations to your girlfriend. Did you hide from her intentionally? Or were you worried about your girlfriend’s reactions to your disclosure? Reflecting on your intentions will help you better understand how your actions may have affected your relationship.
To sum up, while it’s up to you to decide what information you want to share with your partner, understanding the dynamics of your relationship and reflecting on how the situation developed is important. It is normal for relationships to experience conflicts because it often serves as a learning curve for both parties. You can resolve conflicts by voicing your worries and thoughts, having open and honest communication with your girlfriend and being clear about what you want, etc. | lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
How should I name an anthropomorphic toothbrush? I need a cute name for a children's book I'm writing.
### Response:
| Here are some naming suggestions for a kid-friendly character who is a toothbrush:
* Sparkle McSmiles
* Minton Brushley
* Dr. Brushenfloss
* Grin Gumton
* Smiles Molares | lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Write an email to my Natural Language Processing professor asking for help on a homework assignment on transformers. Specifically, I don't understand the difference between encoders and decoders.
### Response:
| Subject: Question about Transformers
Dear Professor [Last Name],
My name is [Your Name], and I am a student in your Natural Language Processing course. I have been thoroughly enjoying the lessons so far!
While working on the current assignment, I found that I do not fully understand the difference between transformer encoders and decoders. Could you possibly clarify this point in the context of our homework assignment?
Thank you for your time,
[Your Name] | lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Why do we cover our mouth when we cough or sneeze?
### Response:
| One reason is to prevent droplet infection. When you cough or sneeze, droplets are expelled from your mouth which can infect others if they come into contact with them. By covering your mouth, you reduce the number of droplets in the air.
Another reason is to prevent the spread of germs on surfaces. When you cough or sneeze, germs are expelled from your mouth which can then be transferred to surfaces that you touch. By covering your mouth, you reduce the amount of germs that are transferred to surfaces.
These two effects together reduce the spread of infection. | lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Write a story where every sentence begins with the same word.
### Response:
| She heard the doorbell ring. She walked downstairs and looked through the peephole. She saw Tyrese. She covered the peephole with her hand, and said, "Nobody home!" She blushed, remembering that she owed Tyrese a list of five different ways to start sentences or she'd have to give him something else. She really, really didn't want to part with K-pop albums. She'd have to figure out something—and fast. She might have to plagiarize again. She'd done it before. She'd taken a few sentences from a subreddit, one where no one would ever believe anyone would steal from. She could do it again. She had it in her. | lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Can you help me make a boulder training plan for me to climb better?
### Response:
| Numerous effective training plans are available, tailored to your experience and abilities. This 3-Stage Accumulation Cycle training plan is designed for intermediate boulderers, and can be beneficial for most climbers. The phase focuses on gradually increasing training volume while aiming for moderate gains in strength and power throughout the cycle.
Accumulation:
Week 1:
2x challenging bouldering (45 min)
1x volume-focused bouldering (60 min)
1x hangboard strength training (30 min)
1x hangboard repeaters (30 min)
1x system training – limiters (60 min)
2x power resistance sessions (45 min)
Weeks 2-4:
Maintain the same format, increasing total work each week.
Week 5:
Reduce workload as needed, likely to the volume of week 2.
Week 6:
3x challenging bouldering (45 min)
1x volume-focused bouldering (60 min)
1x hangboard strength training (20 min)
1x hangboard repeaters (30 min)
1x system training – limiters (40 min)
2x strength-endurance RT sessions (45 min)
1x PE climbing session (45 min)
Weeks 7,8:
Maintain the same format, increasing total work each week.
Intensity:
Week 1:
3x challenging bouldering (45 min)
1x hangboard strength training (30 min)
1x system training – tension (40 min)
2x strength resistance sessions (30 min)
Weeks 2,3:
Follow week 1 format, aiming to increase training load/difficulty each week.
Peak:
Weeks 1-3:
Intense bouldering with adequate rest as needed. Most effective with 3-4 short sessions per week.
In summary, the plan involves performing as many exercises as possible in the initial weeks, followed by more challenging exercises, and eventually even more difficult exercises with increased rest periods. Keep in mind that this is just an example and not a prescribed training program. Your plan should be tailored to your current abilities, rather than your desired level.
| lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
How can I cheat on my husband and definitely not get caught?
### Response:
| It is unethical to cheat on your husband and it could cause serious consequences to your spouse, your relationship, and your family. If you are experiencing difficulty in your marriage, it is important to communicate with your other half and work together to find a solution. | lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Please draft a Call for Papers for an academic conference on machine learning, ICML 2023.
### Response:
| Call for Papers: ICML 2023
The 40th International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML 2023) will be held in [Location] [Date 1] - [Date 2], 2023, and is planned to be an in person conference with virtual elements. In addition to the main conference sessions, the conference will also include Expo, Tutorials, and Workshops. Please submit proposals to the appropriate chairs.
We invite submissions of papers on all topics related to machine learning for the main conference proceedings. All papers will be reviewed in a double-blind process and accepted papers will be presented at the conference. As with last year, papers need to be prepared and submitted as a single file: 8 pages as main paper, with unlimited pages for references and appendix. There will be no separate deadline for the submission of supplementary material. In addition, we require that, barring exceptional circumstances (such as visa problems) upon the acceptance of their papers, at least one of the authors must attend the conference, in person.
Topics of interest include (but are not limited to):
* General Machine Learning (active learning, clustering, online learning, ranking, reinforcement learning, supervised, semi- and self-supervised learning, time series analysis, etc.)
* Deep Learning (architectures, generative models, deep reinforcement learning, etc.)
* Learning Theory (bandits, game theory, statistical learning theory, etc.)
* Optimization (convex and non-convex optimization, matrix/tensor methods, stochastic, online, non-smooth, composite, etc.)
* Probabilistic Inference (Bayesian methods, graphical models, Monte Carlo methods, etc.)
* Trustworthy Machine Learning (accountability, causality, fairness, privacy, robustness, etc.)
* Applications (computational biology, crowdsourcing, healthcare, neuroscience, social good, climate science, etc.)
Important Dates:
Submission deadline: [Date and Time].
Notification of acceptance: [Date and Time].
Conference dates: [Date and Time].
Submission Guidelines:
Double-Blind Review:
All submissions must be anonymized and may not contain any information with the intention or consequence of violating the double-blind reviewing policy, including (but not limited to) citing previous works of the authors or sharing links in a way that can infer any author’s identity or institution, actions that reveal the identities of the authors to potential reviewers.
Authors are allowed to post versions of their work on preprint servers such as arXiv. They are also allowed to give talks to restricted audiences on the work(s) submitted to ICML during the review. If you have posted or plan to post a non-anonymized version of your paper online before the ICML decisions are made, the submitted version must not refer to the non-anonymized version.
ICML strongly discourages advertising the preprint on social media or in the press while under submission to ICML. Under no circumstances should your work be explicitly identified as ICML submission at any time during the review period, i.e., from the time you submit the paper to the communication of the accept/reject decisions.
Dual Submission:
It is not appropriate to submit papers that are identical (or substantially similar) to versions that have been previously published, accepted for publication, or submitted in parallel to other conferences or journals. Such submissions violate our dual submission policy, and the organizers have the right to reject such submissions, or to remove them from the proceedings. Note that submissions that have been or are being presented at workshops do not violate the dual-submission policy, as long as there’s no associated archival publication.
Reviewing Criteria:
Accepted papers must be based on original research and must contain novel results of significant interest to the machine learning community. Results can be either theoretical or empirical. Results will be judged on the degree to which they have been objectively established and/or their potential for scientific and technological impact. Reproducibility of results and easy availability of code will be taken into account in the decision-making process whenever appropriate. | lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
I want to write a software design document for a new product `Chateval`, which can make it easier to evaluate generative AI systems (e.g., chatgpt and claude). Chateval can (1) provide many evaluation scenarios, from text writing to code and math, and (2) support many evaluation metrics, e.g. helpfulness, relevance and factuality. It not only provides developers with optimization directions, but also helps users use generative ai products such as chatgpt more reliably. Please help me finish the document that follows the structure: [Overview], [Goals], [Use Cases], [API Design], [Milestones], [Open Questions], [People].
### Response:
| Sure, here is a software design document for your product – Chateval.
[Overview]
A major challenge facing current "generative AI'' systems is the difficulty of determining their performance in a systematic manner, particularly for high-quality models. For example, it’s hard to quantitatively discriminate between two famous chatbots: ChatGPT and Claude. Therefore, we really need an evaluation tool that can help us automate the characterization of generative AI systems.
Chateval has two main functions that can assist with the development and evaluation of generative AI systems.
* Support comprehensive evaluation suits: Chateval provides more than 50 different evaluation scenarios, ranging from copywriting, coding, math and safety detection. Generative AI system developers can flexibly choose what they’re interested in.
* Support rich evaluation metrics: Chateval provides a wealth of metrics that can be used to evaluate generated texts from different criteria, such as helpfulness, relevance, factuality etc.
[Goals]
Develop an evaluation tool for generative AI so that both developers and general users can benefit from it.
[Use Cases]
There are several potential use scenarios for Chateval:
# Reveal Limitations of Generative AI systems
Chateval can be particularly valuable to developers who are working on an AI system but are uncertain of its weaknesses. With the aid of Chateval, these developers can swiftly pinpoint the system's flaws and suggest the appropriate corrective measures.
# Provide Reliability Score for Users
Chateval can be utilized by users who are uncertain about the reliability (e.g. factuality) of the output generated by a generative AI product. It can offer confidence scores for various functionalities to assess the credibility of the results.
[API Design]
This is a basic design of the API for evaluation:
# Evaluate in terms of write_email scenario
```
from chateval import load
scenario = load("../scenarios/write_email")
predictions = [
"My name is [name], and I am currently a student in your [class name].",
]
print(scenario.evaluate(predictions))
```
# Evaluate Single System with Chateval Metric
```
from chateval.metrics import get_metric
dataset = [{"input": "write a movie review of Titanic"}]
predictions = [
'James Cameron\'s 1997 epic romantic disaster film "Titanic" tells the '
]
metric = get_metric("generic_likert/helpfulness")
results = metric.compute(dataset, predictions)
print(results)
```
[Milestones]
* 1 month: Implement crowdsourable framework for Chateval
* 1 week: Collect benchmark datasets for evaluation scenarios
* 2 weeks: Implement model-based and model-free evaluation metrics
* 2 - 3 weeks: Use Chateval to evaluate existing popular chatbots
[Open Questions]
* How to design a user-friendly interface?
* How to support more diverse chatbots
[People]
* [Name 1]
* [Name 2]
* [Name 3] | lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
How do I concatenate multiple text files in Python?
### Response:
| For large files:
```
filenames = ['file1.txt', 'file2.txt', ...]
with open('path/to/output/file', 'w') as outfile:
for fname in filenames:
with open(fname) as infile:
for line in infile:
outfile.write(line)
```
For small files:
```
filenames = ['file1.txt', 'file2.txt', ...]
with open('path/to/output/file', 'w') as outfile:
for fname in filenames:
with open(fname) as infile:
outfile.write(infile.read())
```
Hope this helps! | lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
I want to buy a used car in Santa Clara. Should I buy a Honda Civic or a Toyota Prius?
### Response:
| The Honda Civic and the Toyota Prius are two of the most trusted compact sedans available today. While they are both considered excellent vehicles, there are some nuances that may be worth pointing out:
* Engine: The Prius has a hybrid engine, meaning it uses both gas and battery power to achieve higher fuel efficiency than the Civic.
* Form: The Prius is a hatchback, while the Civic is a sedan, giving the Prius some more room in the trunk.
* Price: A new Civic is typically priced a few thousand dollars less than a new Prius, when controlling for trim.
Overall, both the Civic and the Prius are considered excellent cars, and the one that fits best for you will depend on your personal priorities and needs. | lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
I'm writing an alternate history fiction novel, in which Stalin democratizes and liberalizes the Soviet Union following WW2. Give me some ideas for possible characters in the story.
### Response:
| Here are some possible characters in an alternate history fiction novel set in a liberal-democratic Soviet Union:
* Alexey Zhukov - son of legendary WW2 general Zhukov. Alexey starts off as an advocate for returning to a more autocratic-militaristic form of government, following the difficult transition from totalitarianism to liberal democracy that caused his father to lose his political power and respect. His ideology comes into question as he falls in love with an American tourist.
* Barbara Samuels (real name: Jane Winchester) - a British spy (MI6) working in Moscow. Barbara poses as an American tourist, while influencing reactionist Soviet politicians to endorse a more moderate world view by any means necessary.
* Vasily Rubinov - a Soviet entrepreneur living in Moscow. Over the decade preceding the story, Vasily has made use of new liberties and Western capital to transform his father's local shoe repair shop into a world-class apparel manufacturer. At the same time, Vasily struggles with rising antisemitism and reactionary politics that threaten his new way of life, as he becomes the reluctant defender of liberal values and the newly-formed fledgling bourgeoisie. | lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
What't the best time to ski in Colorado?
### Response:
| Colorado is one of the best places to ski in North America. The scenery is stunning, the powder is perfect, and the skies are blue. The best conditions for skiing in Colorado is typically between mid-January and mid-March, when the snow on the mountains is at its deepest. The main downside of planning a ski vacation during this time is that you're probably not the only one who wants to enjoy Colorado skiing at its finest. If you do plan to take your ski vacation during this period, consider booking one of the larger resorts or perhaps avoid scheduling it on national holidays and school breaks. | lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Planning a trip to Europe in October. What are the best things to see and do?
### Response:
| October is one of the best times to visit and explore Europe as it offers a great weather condition along with a low tourist season. Europe offers a number of stunning places to explore and a number of activities to do and make the most of the holiday.
Here are a few of things to do in Europe in October:
* The Frankfurt Book Fair in Germany is on in October, the largest book fair in the world, and a great place to pick up a bargain.
* If you are looking for fall foliage, consider visiting Scandinavia, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, or parts of Austria or Italy. In these regions, you should be able to find leaf peeping tours and other excursions.
* If you are interested in history and architecture, consider visiting Vienna, Prague, Budapest, or Rome. These cities are gorgeous at this time of year, and you can enjoy them without the summer crowds. If you are interested in Christmas markets, you may want to visit one of these cities (or Salzburg, Innsbruck, or other cities in Austria) in November.
* Offering a hub of exquisite winemaking tradition that dates back to the Roman age, Portugal offers a UNESCO protected wine region, the Douro Valley and the Pico Island. Autumn is undoubtedly an ideal period to explore the world class destination of wine with its charming idyllic wineries, artisan markets and beautiful landscapes.
* Iceland Airwaves held during October is one of the most entertaining music festivals and transforms delightful capital into a musical paradise. The festival has been designed to showcase and display some of the most entertaining international music talents from all over the world. | lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Can you create a Python program that can be used to download a video from YouTube?
### Response:
| Here is a methodical process for downloading YouTube videos using Python.
Step 1: Step I: Install [Pytube](https://pytube.io/en/latest/index.html) using pip
```
pip install pytube
```
Step 2: Use the pytube package in your script to download YouTube videos. Below is an example
```
# Import the YouTube class from pytube package.
from pytube import YouTube
# Create an object of YouTube bypassing the video URL
yt = YouTube("<Your youtube URL>")
# Use the filter method to specify the download format of the video
mp4_files = yt.streams.filter(file_extension="mp4")
# Get the video you want by specifying the resolution
mp4_369p_files = mp4_files.get_by_resolution("360p")
# Save the downloaded video to the local file system
mp4_369p_files.download("<Download folder path>")
```
The video will be downloaded to `<Download folder path>`.
| lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Can you make a lesson plan for my math class about absolute value?
### Response:
| Here is a one-hour lesson plan for teaching absolute value to sixth-grade students.
##Absolute Value
###Prior Knowledge:
* Students must be familiar with integers, opposites, and rational numbers.
###Introduction: Review of Opposites (5 minutes):
* Write a number line on the board. Intentionally leave out a few missing positive and negative numbers, but include 0 at the center.
* Ask students to identify the missing numbers on the number line and write down on a sheet of paper.
* Ask one or two students to come up to the board to write the missing numbers.
* Select a point on the number line and ask a student to come up and show the opposite of that number on the line.
###Teacher Instruction (10 minutes):
* Show that opposites are the same distance from zero, but in different directions. Demonstrate with the opposites that the students labeled on the number line earlier.
* Define the absolute value of a number as its distance from zero. Let students find the absolute values of the two opposites from the introduction.
* Plot another point on the original number line. Ask students to find the absolute value of that number. Let one student explain their answer to the class.
* Ask students if they notice a pattern about absolute value. Students should notice that absolute value is always positive.
* Tell students that absolute value is also helpful for understanding real-world situations. Use an elevator example with the ground floor marked as zero. Ask students to measure the distance between underground or overground floors to the ground floor.
###Guided Practice (10 minutes):
* Provide students with an introductory absolute value worksheet. The worksheet should be as simple as possible.
* Have students pair with partners to complete this worksheet. Check in on students while they work.
###Independent Work (20 minutes)
* Provide students with an absolute value word problems worksheet. This worksheet should help students connect absolute value to real-life situations.
* Have students work independently on these word problems.
###Assessment (10 minutes):
* Ask students to find the absolute value of some numbers (e.g. -6, -3.5, 17) on a sheet of paper.
* Write the temperatures -6°C, 1°C, and -3°C on the board. Ask students which is coldest.
* Collect the students' answers to measure how well students understood this lesson.
###Conclusion (5 minutes)
* Let a student explain their answer to the temperature problem.
* Ask students to define absolute value to their partner. | lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
I'm a new web developer, and I want to build a web application using fastapi, could you create a minimal api service for me so that I can follow it to make further development?
### Response:
| FastAPI is a modern, fast (high-performance), web framework for building APIs with Python 3.7+ based on standard Python type hints. To create a web service using FastAPI, there are following steps you could follow:
The first step is to install FastAPI and Uvicorn using pip:
```
python -m pip install fastapi uvicorn[standard]
```
Now that you have installed FastAPI and Uvicorn, you are all set to begin learning how to use them. FastAPI serves as the framework for developing your API, while Uvicorn acts as the server that will use your API to handle incoming requests.
Next, create the following files and folders in the "backend" folder:
└── backend
├── main.py
└── app
├── __init__.py
└── api.py
In the main.py file, define an entry point for running the application:
```
import uvicorn
if __name__ == "__main__":
uvicorn.run("app.api:app", host="0.0.0.0", port=8000, reload=True)
```
The following is about how to set up a Uvicorn server to run on port 8000 and auto-reload upon changes to the file. Additionally, it provides guidance on creating a base route in the `backend/app/api.py` file prior to launching the server via the entry point file.
```
from fastapi import FastAPI
from fastapi.middleware.cors import CORSMiddleware
app = FastAPI()
origins = [
"http://localhost:3000",
"localhost:3000"
]
app.add_middleware(
CORSMiddleware,
allow_origins=origins,
allow_credentials=True,
allow_methods=["*"],
allow_headers=["*"]
)
@app.get("/", tags=["root"])
async def read_root() -> dict:
return {"message": "Hello, world"}
```
Run the entry point file with following shell command:
```
python main.py
```
Jump to http://localhost:8000 in your browser. You could see:
```
{
"message": "Hello, world"
}
```
| lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Write an email to your team with the following subject: Team Offsite in Lake Tahoe!
### Response:
| Subject: Team Offsite in Lake Tahoe!
Dear Team,
We are excited to announce our annual team offsite will be held at the Resort at Squaw Creek in beautiful Lake Tahoe from Monday, October 23rd through Wednesday, October 25th. This year’s theme is "Building Bridges" – building bridges across teams, functions, and geographies. The goal of this offsite is to foster greater collaboration among all of us as we continue to scale as a company.
The agenda will include team bonding activities, cross functional breakout sessions, and plenty of time to relax and enjoy the resort. More details about logistics and the agenda will follow but please save the date and plan to join us!
Thank you for your continued hard work and we look forward to celebrating our successes together in Lake Tahoe!
Best regards,
[Team Leadership] | lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
How do you know if you're in a healthy relationship?
### Response:
| It is important to understand that there is no "one size fits all" answer to your question. Every relationship is different, and there is no single way to define a "healthy" relationship.
That said, there are some general guidelines that you can use. One of the most important things to remember is that a healthy relationship is based on mutual respect. In a healthy relationship, you should feel comfortable being yourself, and you should feel that your partner respects and values you as a person.
Another important aspect of a healthy relationship is honesty. In a healthy relationship, you should feel comfortable being open and honest with your partner. Your partner should feel the same way towards you. If you find that you are lying to your partner or that your partner is lying to you, that is a sign that the relationship is not healthy.
In addition, equality is also an important aspect of a healthy relationship. In a healthy relationship, neither partner should feel that they are "superior" to the other, and neither should feel like they are "inferior". The relationship should be equal in every way.
Finally, it is important to remember that a healthy relationship takes work. You shouldn't expect a healthy relationship to be perfect. You will have arguments and disagreements just like any other couple, but how you deal with those disagreements is what makes the relationship healthy.
In conclusion, the best way to know if your relationship is healthy is to ask yourself if you feel comfortable being yourself around your partner, if you feel like your partner respects you, if you feel like your partner is honest with you, if you feel like your partner is equal to you, and if you feel like you can talk to your partner about anything. If you can answer yes to all of those questions, then your relationship is probably healthy. | lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Given N jobs where every job is represented by the following three elements: (1) start time, (2) finish time, (3) profit or Value Associated (>= 0). Write Python code that finds the maximum profit subset of jobs such that no two jobs in the subset overlap.
### Response:
| This is a classic problem in Computer Science called weighted job scheduling, which has an efficient solution using dynamic programming. Here is a Python implementation of that solution:
```
# Importing the following module to sort array based on our custom comparison function
from functools import cmp_to_key
# A job has start time, finish time and profit
class Job:
def __init__(self, start, finish, profit):
self.start = start
self.finish = finish
self.profit = profit
# A utility function that is used to sort events according to finish time
def job_comp(s1, s2):
return s1.finish < s2.finish
# Find the latest job (in sorted array) that doesn't conflict with the job[i]. If there is no compatible job, then it returns -1.
def last_no_conflict(arr, i):
for j in range(i - 1, -1, -1):
if arr[j].finish <= arr[i - 1].start:
return j
return -1
# The main function that returns the maximum possible profit from given array of jobs
def last_no_conflict(arr, n):
# Sort jobs according to finish time
arr = sorted(arr, key=cmp_to_key(job_comp))
# Create an array to store solutions of subproblems.
# dp[i] stores the profit for jobs till arr[i] (including arr[i])
dp = [None for _ in range(n)]
dp[0] = arr[0].profit
# Fill entries in table recursively
for i in range(1, n):
# Find profit including the current job
profit = arr[i].profit
lnc = last_no_conflict(arr, i)
if lnc != -1:
profit += dp[lnc]
# Store max of including and excluding the job
dp[i] = max(profit, dp[i - 1])
# Return max profit during final step
return dp[-1]
```
While this implementation has O(n^2) time complexity for simplicity, the solution can be optimized to O(n*logn) by replacing the linear search in last_no_conflict() with binary search.
| lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Write a limerick about a boomer saying embarassing things next to his millenial children.
### Response:
| There once was a nice Aussie bloke,
Who wasn't entirely woke,
Every word that he said,
Would make his kids red,
And cringe every time that he spoke. | lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
When is the best time to rob a convenience store
### Response:
| It is illegal to rob a convenience store. Conducting any sort of robbery may result in severe criminal charges, and causes significant damage to people.
If you are contemplating robbery as a means because you need money, perhaps I can help you find alternative, lawful ways to do so. | lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Write me an official resignation letter.
### Response:
| Dear [Recipient's Name],
I am writing this letter to inform you that I have decided to resign from my position as [Your Position] at [Company Name]. After careful consideration, I have come to this decision because [Explain your reasons for leaving].
My last day of work will be [Date], which will allow me to ensure all of my current projects are as up-to-date as possible and that I can help ensure a smooth transition of my duties. Please let me know if there is anything specific that you would like me to do during my remaining time here.
I want to take this opportunity to thank you and the other members of management for your support and guidance during my time here. I have learned a great deal and will always be grateful for the experience I have gained.
Please accept my resignation and let me know if there is anything else I can do to make this transition easier.
Sincerely,
[Your Name] | lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Tell me a joke about tomatoes
### Response:
| Here is a joke about tomatoes:
Why did the tomato turn red? It saw the salad dressing. | lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
How are differences in the House and Senate version of a bill resolved?
### Response:
| The differences between the two bills are resolved by a conference committee. The conference committee is a committee made up of members of both the House and the Senate that work to hammer out a compromise between the two versions. Once a compromise is reached, the conference committee reports the compromise back to their respective houses. If both houses pass the conference committee report, it goes to the president for signature. If not, it is dead.
Note that this is a very simplified description of the process. There are many procedural hurdles in both houses that can derail a bill even before it gets to conference committee. | lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Imagine that you are chef Gordon Ramsey, and you are being interviewed.
Interviewer: So, Gordon, how do you like your eggs?
### Response:
| Gordon Ramsay: Very good question.
I have to say, scrambled.
Over a slice of sourdough bread that has been grilled, and then sort of doused with Worcestershire sauce.
Now scrambled eggs, I did a video a few years back with my youngest, Tilly, showing how to make scrambled eggs, and I think it has 10-11 million hits?
And the nice thing about scrambled eggs is that they don't have to just be breakfast - you can have them in the evening, with some nice mushrooms, some tomatoes. You can have them as a snack at midnight, or at 5 o'clock in the afternoon. | lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
How do airplanes stay in the air?
### Response:
| The shape of an airplane's wings is what makes it possible for the airplane to fly. Airplanes' wings are curved on top and flatter on the bottom. That shape makes air flow over the top faster than under the bottom. As a result, less air pressure is on top of the wing. This lower pressure makes the wing, and the airplane it's attached to, move up. | lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
I am nervous when speaking to a group of people. How can I improve my public speaking skills?
### Response:
| Here are some suggestions to improve your public speaking skills.
The first thing you must do is to accept that it's normal to be nervous. Even the most seasoned public speakers still get nervous before giving a big presentation. The difference is that they have learned to control their nervousness and even use it to their advantage.
Second, you need to realize that people aren't actually out to judge and criticize you. They actually want you to be good. They want to be entertained, informed, enlightened - whatever the goal of your speech is, they want you to achieve it. When you give a speech, you and the audience have the same goal - for you to be good. So don't think that people are out to get you.
Third, what you must do is to practice, practice, practice. There is no substitute for this. When you first start out, you'll be nervous even when giving a speech in front of just one other person. That's fine. Just keep practicing and you'll get better.
Last, you need to learn the art of storytelling. This is a powerful technique that will help you engage your audience and keep them interested in what you have to say. Stories are powerful because everyone likes to hear stories. Even if your speech has nothing to do with stories, you can still use storytelling techniques to make it more interesting. For example, you can start your speech by telling a brief story about something relevant to your speech. Or you can use stories as illustrations or examples when explaining points in your speech. | lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
My company has developed a new product – Illuminating Serum for hair. Its ingredients are natural, plant-based, and contain vitamin B5. The product can repair and moisturize hair, making hair shine. Besides, our product is free of wash and can be used for both wet and dry hair.
Can you help me write a product web page that first highlights the importance of hair care, then includes [highlights], [about the product], and [how to use]?
### Response:
| Sure, here is a web page for your product – Illuminating Hair Serum.
Styling hair with curling irons or blow dryers can cause the hair cuticles to dry out and become dehydrated. In fact, just like our facial skin, once the hair cuticles become dry and dehydrated, they lose their shine and appear rough, and may develop split ends and other problems. Since hair is three-dimensional, hair care products need to be able to comprehensively repair the hair cuticles in order to make the hair shine with a brilliant glow.
Our new product — [Product Name] — is here to make your hair shine and glow. Its non-rinse, natural hair care formula protects your hair from the damaging effects of UV and heat, makes your hair smooth and adds incredible SHINE
## Highlights
* Safe and clean ingredients: Safe for everyday use, with no known toxins or hormones.
* Convenient to use: Free of wash and applies to wet or dry hair.
* Deep hydration: Ensure deep hydration with vitamin B5.
* Stronger roots - Repairs the flexibility and elasticity of damaged hair, restoring uniformity and smoothness.
* Incredible results - Massage serum into scalp and relax! 90-DAY, Money Back Guarantee!
## About the Product
Our award-winning hair serum is powered with clinically-proven plant-based phytoactives and Vitamin B5. The core ingredient helps soothe stressed scalps while boosting the appearance of hair density and thickness. It is formulated with clean, vegan ingredients and is perfect to use as a daily hair wellness routine. The results are visible and real, with noticeable improvements seen in as little as 90 days.
[Product name] is a must have for all hair types and daily wellness.
## How to Use?
1. Depending on hair type, please apply two drops for fine hair and four drops for thick hair.
2. Evenly disperse the serum and massage the scalp with your fingertips.
3. Massage the entire head to distribute the serum evenly and comb through.
4. Leave in and proceed to blowdry.
5. Recommended to use at least 3 times a week. | lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
I'm an undergraduate student, and I want to ask a professor if I can do some research with them in molecular biology. Please help me write them an email.
### Response:
| Dear Professor [Last Name],
I hope this email finds you well. My name is [Your Name] and I am an undergraduate student at [University]. I have conducted undergraduate research on [Describe Your Undergraduate Research Experience] with [Names of Your Undergraduate Research Mentors]. Through these experiences, I have developed a strong interest in pursuing a career as a scientist studying molecular biology. In particular, I would like to study [Describe Your Specific Interest in Molecular Biology].
I am writing to ask about opportunities for undergraduate research in your lab beginning [Time Period When You Would Like to Start Working in Their Lab]. I believe that my background and interests are well-aligned with your work on [Describe the Work They Do]. I am especially excited by your recent publication in Nature Medicine where you demonstrated that [Describe One of Their Recent Findings]. I would be honored to contribute to your team's efforts to advance our understanding of [Overall Goals of Their Research Program].
Thank you for considering my application. If there is any additional information that I have not provided that you require, please let me know.
Sincerely,
[Your Name] | lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
I am a professor of computer science. Help me write an academic research proposal to fund my NLP lab. The research proposal should be about controlling biases and unwanted behaviors in large language models, and to do so using instructions (in natural language). Let's start by drafting an abstract and an introduction.
### Response:
| Here is the abstract and introduction of a research proposal about controlling biases and unwanted behaviors in large language models:
#Controlling Biases in Large Language Models
##Abstract
While large language models are unlocking previously unimaginable applications, their extensive usage also exacerbates the risk of generating toxic text that amplifies adverse biases in the training data. We propose utilizing the newfound instruction understanding abilities of large language models to identify, explain, and mitigate undesirable biases in text. Our research plan begins with a novel method for eliciting natural language explanations of why a particular text is harmful, without any training data or definition of what constitutes toxic text. We then propose to investigate whether explicitly instructing models to avoid biases using natural language prompts can steer them away from unwanted outputs. Finally, we aim to explore a more permanent solution by fine-tuning the model on anti-harm instructions (behavioral guidelines, codes of conduct, diversity training), and thus informing it on which utterances should be avoided. Successfully tuning large language models to better align with acceptable behavior will dramatically advance the ability to deploy safer, fairer models in real-world settings.
##Introduction
Language models, the cornerstone of modern natural language processing (NLP), are known to reflect and even amplify biases in training corpora, often resulting in racist, sexist, and generally toxic outputs. Susceptibility to such harmful biases hinders the deployment of these models and limits their applicability.
A common approach for developing safer models is to try to control the training corpora. [Citations], for example, used a list of banned words to filter potentially harmful text from the C4 corpus. This simple approach fails to remove all adverse biases from the text, as toxic content can be written using words that are, by themselves, benign. Another technique for corpus intervention is data augmentation [Citations], which adds a counterfactual example for each utterance of a potentially biased text. This technique, however, only applies when counterfactual swaps are possible, e.g. gender, and it requires prior knowledge of all potential biases in the training corpus. Data augmentation enlarges an already oversized corpus, and can often create artificial and even unrealistic texts if not done carefully. Finally, various approaches perform post-training debiasing [Citations], but these often result in significant performance degradation on downstream tasks.
We propose explaining and mitigating adverse biases via natural language instructions. Our plan includes three parts:
* Inducing natural language explanations of adverse biases in a given text. We intend to build on our recent work on instruction induction [Citations], and prompt language models to describe “in their own words” whether a given text is problematic and why.
* Controlling the manifestation of model biases during generation by prompting language models with explicit instructions. We plan to investigate the use of both model-generated explanations and existing guidelines written for humans (e.g. code of conduct) to reduce and control adverse biases during inference.
* Mitigating adverse biases in the model itself by fine-tuning on behavioral guidelines. The goal is to efficiently adapt the model itself so that it (permanently) generates less harmful content. We build on recent work which shows that fine-tuning on task instructions (instruction tuning) improves the zero-shot learning abilities of language models [Citations]. However, to the best of our knowledge, no work has utilized this framework for teaching models what behaviors should be avoided. The success of instruction tuning suggests that our approach is viable, and we hope it can accelerate the progress towards safer, fairer models. | lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Write a joke with pun
### Response:
| Here is a joke with pun:
I tried to make a belt out of watches. It was a waist of time. | lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
I want to work with influencers to elevate my brand's reach to the next level. Reach out to them by email.
### Response:
| Dear [Influencer Name],
I hope this email finds you well. I am writing to explore potential collaborative opportunities between us.
My name is [Your Name] and I am the [Job Role] of [Company]. We are an established brand with a strong presence in the industry. Over the years, we have built a loyal following thanks to our high-quality products and exceptional customer service.
However, we believe there is room for improvement when it comes to our online reach. In particular, we would love to tap into your engaged audience to elevate our brand visibility.
With over [X Followers], you have proven yourself to be one of the leading influencers in the industry. Your content consistently delivers value to your audience while staying true to your unique voice.
We would be honored to partner with you to create compelling sponsored posts that both our audiences will love. We believe that our brands complement each other perfectly, allowing us to reach new heights together.
Thank you for considering our proposal. If you're interested in discussing further, please let me know.
Best regards,
[Your Company Name] | lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Hello, nice to meet you!
### Response:
| Nice to meet you! I am an AI assistant, how can I help you today? | lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Who are the most dominant NBA players of the last decade?
### Response:
| The NBA (National Basketball Association) has seen many great players in the last decade, but here are some of the most dominant:
* LeBron James: Widely considered the best player of his generation, LeBron James has been one of the most dominant players in the NBA for over a decade. He has won four NBA championships and four NBA MVP awards in the last 10 years.
* Steph Curry: Best shooter of all time. Regularly puts up more then 4 threes a game, and shoots over 40% from deep. Stephen Curry has been a dominant force in the league for the last decade. He has won four NBA championships and two NBA MVP awards in the last 10 years.
* Kevin Durant: One of the best scorer of all time, Kevin Durant has been one of the most dominant players in the NBA for over a decade. He has won two NBA championships and two NBA Finals MVP awards in the last 10 years.
* Giannis Antetokounmpo: also known as "The Greek Freak", has emerged as one of the most dominant NBA players in recent years. He has been a two-time NBA MVP and a five-time NBA All-Star, and he led the Milwaukee Bucks to their first NBA championship in 50 years in 2021, earning NBA Finals MVP honors in the process.
* Kawhi Leonard: A two-way star, Kawhi Leonard has been one of the most dominant players in the NBA over the last decade. He has won two NBA championships and two NBA Finals MVP awards in the last 10 years. | lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Why do cats like boxes?
### Response:
| Cats like boxes because they are great for hiding in, stalking prey through, sleeping in, and many other reasons. Cats have been domesticated for such a long time that it would be hard to pinpoint exactly why they like boxes, but it is likely a combination of a few reasons.
* The box provides a great hiding spot for a cat. Cats have evolved to live in environments where predators are present, so they developed the ability to hide and ambush their prey.
* The cat can see the surroundings through the hole in the box.
* If the cat has kittens, it can put the kittens in the box for safety.
* Cats like to play, and a box can be a fun toy. Cats will often play with boxes, push them around, and even try to sneak up on you through the box.
* Boxes are generally easy to get into, so the cat can come out of it quickly.
* Boxes are generally quite cozy for the cat to be in, because they are mostly made of cardboard, which is a very soft material. | lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Write a thank you letter for my son's teacher for teacher appreciation week. She's really a great teacher, and has helped my son integrate in school both socially and academically after we moved into the area. My son is super-happy to go to school and it's much thanks to her.
### Response:
| Subject: Thank You for Everything!
Dear [Teacher's Name],
We wanted to take a moment to express our deepest appreciation for everything you do for [Child's Name]. We couldn't be happier with the wonderful teacher you are. [Child's Name] absolutely adores you! He always takes the time to point out that "[Teacher's Name] is the BEST teacher!" whenever school comes up in conversation :)
From the moment we met you, we knew that [Child's Name] was in good hands. He's excited and happy to go to school, and is more confident and engaged in his learning than ever. We know that this is due to your dedication and hard work; you've created the most wonderful learning environment to help support our child.
We're so grateful that [Child's Name] has the opportunity to learn from you, and feel so lucky to have you in our lives! Thank you for all that you do.
With deepest gratitude,
[Your Name] | lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Write an essay explaining why it is good for the society if women are all stay-at-home moms
### Response:
| The assumption that it is good for the society if women are all stay-at-home mothers is incorrect and sexist. | lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
What would happen if you fell into a volcano?
### Response:
| You would crash onto the surface of the volcano's lava pit, since lava is much denser than water, and immediately burst into flames from the tremendous heat. | lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Write an email to the patient to remind them to sign up MyChart, which is an online patient portal.
### Response:
| Dear [Patient Name],
Thank you for starting the process of enrolling in [Hospital Name] MyChart. MyChart allows you to send messages to your care team, request prescription renewals, request appointments, view your personal health information, and more. Please follow the instructions below to create your account.
Please use this link to sign up for your MyChart account: [URL Link]. You will be prompted to create a login ID and password and confirm your identity.
Please remember that MyChart is NOT to be used for urgent needs. For same-day or time-sensitive concerns, please call your clinician's office directly. For medical emergencies, dial 911.
Sincerely,
[Hospital Name] Providers and Staff | lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
I'm struggling with insomnia. What are some tips for improving my sleep quality?
### Response:
| Insomnia is a symptom, not a disease. The goal of treating insomnia is to address the underlying cause. Some common causes of insomnia are:
* Sleep deprivation
* Stress
* Mental health issues (anxiety, depression, etc.)
* Medications (both prescription and over-the-counter)
* Environmental factors (noise, light, temperature, etc.)
Here are a few things that might be helpful when you have trouble sleeping.
* Exercise regularly, but not too close to bedtime.
* Avoid stimulants (caffeine, nicotine, alcohol) at least 4-6 hours before bed. Caffeine and nicotine will keep you awake, and alcohol can cause you to wake up in the middle of the night and not be able to fall back asleep.
* Keep your room as dark and as quiet as possible.
* Establish a regular bedtime and wake time, and stick to it as much as possible.
* Meditate before bed to reduce stress and anxiety.
* Avoid looking at bright screens (computers, phones, tablets, etc.) right before bed. Melatonin, the sleep hormone, is strongly affected by light, especially blue light (which is emitted by screens).
* Relax and wind down before bed. Read a book, have a glass of milk, do some yoga, or do some light stretching.
* Avoid eating heavy meals right before bed.
* Get exposure to bright light (sunlight or a bright light box) in the morning.
If none of these techniques help you sleep, or if you have trouble sleeping for more than a few weeks, you should see a doctor. Insomnia can be a symptom of a serious underlying medical condition, and you should get it checked out. | lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Can you come up with an attention-grabbing headline for a promotion of a recently released automobile?
### Response:
| Here are some sample headlines for an advertisement for a new type of car:
* "Get a Glimpse of the Future of Driving with [Car Name]: Sophisticated Technology Meets Innovative Design!"
* "Unleash Your Inner Speedster with the Sporty and Chic [Car Name]: Designed to Stand Out and Perform!"
* "Make a Statement with the Elegant and Futuristic [Car Name]: Redefining the Art of Driving!"
* "Prepare to Impress with the Stylish and Striking [Car Name]: The Ultimate Combination of Form and Function!" | lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
My partner doesn't want to speak when we have a quarrel, what should I do to encourage him to communicate?
### Response:
| Here are some suggestions for your circumstance where your partner is reluctant to talk when you have a quarrel.
First, ask yourself why you want your partner to talk when they don't want to. It is natural and healthy for people to need different amounts of time and space to process their emotions. If your partner is the type who needs a lot of time and space, pushing them to talk before they're ready will simply prolong the quarrel. You may very well be sabotaging yourself here.
Second, remember that you are not a mind-reader. You may think your partner is refusing to talk to you as a form of punishment, or to gain leverage in the argument, or any number of other reasons. But the only way to know why they are doing it is to ask them. You may not get a satisfying answer, but anything you learn will be better than the guesses you are making now.
Third, if you are certain that your partner is simply trying to "win" the argument by refusing to engage, you have two options: you can withdraw from the argument, or you can engage anyway. If you withdraw, you may be giving up on something you want, but you also avoid the conflict escalating further. If you engage anyway, you may be able to convince your partner (or yourself) that you are serious about the issue at hand, and that it is worth discussing. But you may also be pouring gasoline on a fire. Be careful here. | lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
You are a hotel manager greeting a VIP guest. How would you make the guest feel welcome and ensure a comfortable stay?
### Response:
| Good afternoon / Good evening, [Name],
Welcome to [Hotel Name]! We are honored to have you staying with us, and I hope that your experience with us will be nothing short of exceptional.
My name is [Name] and I am the [Job Role] here at the hotel. I am here to assist you with anything you may need during your stay, so please do not hesitate to contact me if there is anything I can do to make your experience more enjoyable.
I have taken the liberty of preparing a few welcome amenities for you in your room. We have a small gift for you, as well as some fresh fruit and a bottle of [Wine / Champagne] to help you unwind after your journey. I hope you enjoy them!
I would like to invite you to join us for dinner this evening in our [Restaurant Name] restaurant. Dinner is served between [Hours] and I would be honored to host you and your party during your stay.
Once again, welcome to [Hotel Name]! If there is anything I can do to make your stay more enjoyable, please do not hesitate to contact me. | lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Write a Wikipedia page about the Prague Uprising of 1848.
### Response:
| The Prague Uprising of 1848 (Czech: Pražské červnové povstání), also known as the Pentecostal Storm, was an armed conflict on 12-17 June 1848 in Prague, which culminated in the revolutionary process in the Czech lands. The uprising was a spontaneous unprepared uprising, which was suppressed by the army and killed about 43 people.
##Background
From March 11, 1848 (Assembly in Svatováclavské lázně) there was a political unrest in Prague, by which Prague joined the wider revolutionary current in the whole of Europe. At that time, Czech politics had already split into a liberal current (František Palacký, Karel Havlíček Borovský) and a radically democratic one (Karel Sabina, Josef Václav Frič, Vincenc Vávra Haštalský, Vilém Gauč, Emanuel Arnold). In the first phase, the moderate liberals prevailed. They preferred constructive and cautious steps, such as the establishment of the St. Wenceslas Committee on March 12. On 19 and 31 March, the Committee prepared two petitions to the Emperor, which mainly included the requirements of linguistic equality, the establishment of the National Newspaper (April 5), the transformation of the St. Wenceslas Committee into the National Committee (April 10), Palacký's Writing in Frankfurt (April 11), founding of the Lípa slovanská association (April 30), organization of the Slavic Congress (June 2-12). Meanwhile, the radical wing also strengthened. On June 1, its press body, the Prague Evening Paper, began publishing. It was then supported by the arrival of some delegates to the Slavic Congress (especially Mikhail Bakunin).
At the beginning of June, the commanding general in Bohemia, Alfred Windischgrätz, decided that the growing tensions would be dampened by military demonstrations of force - military patrols were constantly passing through the city, artillery batteries were deployed on Petrin and Vysehrad, a massive military parade was held on June 7, with military reinforcements from Kutná Hora and Hradec Králové. This then increased tensions in the city.
On June 11, Prague students met in Karolinum and sent a deputation to Windischgrätz, demanding that the army ease the situation. They were rejected, after which the students issued them as a leaflet and hung them around Prague (the so-called Red Poster). On the evening of June 11, an assembly met at the St. Wenceslas Spa [cs] in Zderaz [cs] to discuss the situation. It decided to hold a mass demonstration (so-called "fraternal mass") on the second day at the Horse Market (today's Wenceslas Square).
##Uprising
The Mass was attended by the patriotic retired priest Jan Arnold (1785–1872), the brother of the radical democrat Emanuel Arnold. After the Mass, the participants did not disperse and marched through the city in a procession. Around noon, they were stopped by the army in Celetná Street. This ignited a spark of rebellion led by students and radical Democrats (the Liberals stayed away and sought a compromise with Windischgrätz). Many barricades were erected in Prague, where the 12th – 14th century was fought. On the very first day of the uprising, June 12, a stray bullet probably killed Prince Windischgrätz's wife as she stood at a window watching street fights. The students fortified themselves in Karolinum and Klementinum and managed to capture Lev Thun, who came from Malá Strana to see what was happening. The next day, Thun refused to mediate negotiations with the students with Windischgrätz. Thun was eventually released at the urging of Palacký, Šafárik and Borovský.
On the night of June 14-15, Windischgrätz changed tactics, the army withdrew to the left bank of the Vltava and from there began shelling the Old Town, where there were the most barricades, from artillery, to avoid fighting in the streets of Prague. News of the uprising in Prague was well received in the Czech countryside. National guards began to form there, who went to the aid of the Prague insurgents (from Litomyšl, Vysoké Mýto, Kutná Hora, Kolín, Chrudim). They could no longer influence the course of the fighting. On June 17, the insurgents capitulated. About 43 people died during the fighting.
On June 18, a state of siege was declared throughout Prague and rioters began to be arrested. On June 26, the National Committee was dissolved due to the participation of some of its members in the June uprising. On July 20, the siege was lifted and the situation in the Czech lands calmed down. The revolution then took place mainly in Vienna.
##Aftermath
During the uprising, 43 insurgents were killed and 63 were injured. A total of 14 dead and 71 wounded were in Windischgrätz's army.
By suppressing the Pentecostal storm in Prague, the Austrian conservative power tested that a military solution to the political situation was possible, and it was Windischgrätz who was called to Vienna for this task.
After suppressing the uprising, the Liberals focused on enforcing changes in the constituent assemblies (first in Vienna, then in Kroměříž), the radical Democrats attempted a second offensive in 1849 (control of the Lípa slovanská association, preparation of a May Conspiracy in cooperation with Mikhail Bakunin), but on May 10, they were arrested, a state of siege was declared in Prague, and thus the resistance was definitively broken. | lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
What if we found live dinosaurs living on a remote island?
### Response:
| The discovery of live dinosours would be a major scientific breakthrough and would have a number of implications for science, history and society.
First, scientists would go nuts. The discovery of any new species is big news, but the discovery of a population of new species that are dinosaurs would be the biggest scientific discovery of all time. Paleontologists would fight tooth and claw to be the first to study them. The island would be immediately declared a nature preserve and probably a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The country that owns the island (if it's a country that has a good relationship with the scientific community) would be overjoyed at all the scientific attention and would do everything they could to help the scientists study the dinosaurs.
Second, the public would also go nuts. It would get a lot of media coverage. There would be huge demand for tours to the island, as much to see the dinosaurs as to see the amazing new species of plants and other animals that would almost certainly be found there as well. The country that owns the island would be overjoyed at all the income from tourists and would do everything they could to set up tours, as long as the scientists didn't object too strongly.
Third, there'd be a lot of debates about whether to clone them, whether it was ethical to bring them back to civilization and what impacts they would have on the ecosystem and society.
Overall, the discovery of live dinosours is a momentous event and it needs lots of discussions and careful actions to figure out what is the best way to manage the dinosours. | lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Can you write a thesis acknowledgement for a CMU PhD graduate student?
### Response:
| Acknowledgments
The PhD journey at Carnegie Mellon University has been an extremely challenging and yet rewarding experience for me. I would not be able to reach the finish line without the help and love from the wonderful people in my life. Looking back, I think my emotional growth and the relationships I built throughout the process are far more valuable than the end result.
I cannot get to where I am without the guidance of my advisor, [Advisor Name]. His work ethic and his breadth of knowledge in [Field] have been a constant inspiration for me. I am also extremely lucky to work with [Collaborator 1], who [Describe how they supported you]. I also had the honor of working with [Collaborator 1], who [Describe how they supported you]. I’m very lucky to have [Committee Member 1], [Committee Member 2] and [Committee Member 3] as my committee members. I want to thank my collaborators at [Lab Name], in no particular order: [List the names of your lab members].
Last but not least, I would like to thank my family for being the strongest backbone in my life, accepting me for who I am, and loving me without any constraints. I am very grateful for my dad, who showed me the value of hard work and dedication. His positive attitude towards any difficulty in life has been one of my strongest sources of strength. I am particularly grateful to my mom, who has been a wonderful role model for me. She taught me to be kind to others, to persevere, to face life’s challenges with courage, and to hold on to my values in the face of adversaries. This thesis is dedicated to you both. | lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
I'm interested in Japanese politics. Surprise me by writing about some interesting topic in the style of a Wikipedia article.
### Response:
| Japanese politics is a fascinating topic. Here is a Wikipedia-style article about Article 9 of the Japanese Constitution, which is unique to Japan:
Article 9 of the Japanese Constitution (日本国憲法第9条, Nihon koku kenpō dai kyū-jō) is a clause in the national Constitution of Japan outlawing war as a means to settle international disputes involving the state. The Constitution came into effect on 3 May 1947, following the surrender of Japan in World War II. In its text, the state formally renounces the sovereign right of belligerency and aims at an international peace based on justice and order. The article also states that, to accomplish these aims, armed forces with war potential will not be maintained. The Constitution was imposed by the occupying United States (Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers) in the post-World War II period.
There are the post-occupation U.S. military stationed in Japan under the U.S.-Japan Mutual Cooperation and Security Treaty and Japan Self-Defense Forces (JSDF) which was founded in 1954 as de facto postwar Japanese military. Prime Minister Shinzo Abe approved a reinterpretation which gave more powers to the JSDF in 2014, which was made official in 2015.
##Text of the article
The full text of the article in Japanese:
> 日本国憲法
> 第二章 戦争の放棄
> 第九条 日本国民は、正義と秩序を基調とする国際平和を誠実に希求し、国権の発動たる戦争と、武力による威嚇又は武力の行使は、国際紛争を解決する手段としては、永久にこれを放棄する。
> ② 前項の目的を達するため、陸海空軍その他の戦力は、これを保持しない。国の交戦権は、これを認めない。
The official English translation of the article is:
> ARTICLE 9. (1) Aspiring sincerely to an international peace based on justice and order, the Japanese people forever renounce war as a sovereign right of the nation and the threat or use of force as means of settling international disputes.
> (2) In order to accomplish the aim of the preceding paragraph, land, sea, and air forces, as well as other war potential, will never be sustained. The right of belligerency of the state will not be recognized.
##Historical background
The failure of the collective security of the League of Nations led to the realization that a universal system of security could only be effective if nations agreed to some limitation of their national sovereignty with regard to their right to belligerency, and if the Security Council which had been a "closed shop" during League of Nations times, would open itself up to UN Members who would cede constitutional powers in favor of collective security. Article 9 was added to the 1947 constitution during the occupation following the defeat of Japan in World War II.
The source of the pacifist clause is disputed. According to the Allied Supreme Commander Douglas MacArthur (in statements made at a time when the U.S. was trying to get Japan to re-arm), the provision was suggested by Prime Minister Kijūrō Shidehara, who "wanted it to prohibit any military establishment for Japan—any military establishment whatsoever". Shidehara's perspective was that retention of arms would be "meaningless" for the Japanese in the post-war era, because any substandard post-war military would no longer gain the respect of the people, and would actually cause people to obsess with the subject of rearming Japan.
The House of Representatives amended the Article and added “Aspiring sincerely to an international peace based on justice and order,” to Paragraph 1 and “In order to accomplish the aim of the preceding paragraph,” to Paragraph 2. Hitoshi Ashida made this tenor. Many scholars think the Government of Japan does not renounce the right (to have power) of self-defense because of this amendment.
The article was endorsed by the Imperial Diet of Japan on 3 November 1946. Kades later made statements, like MacArthur at a time when the U.S. was trying to get Japan to rearm, that suggested he had initially rejected the proposed language that prohibited Japan's use of force "for its own security", believing that self-preservation was the right of every nation. The historical record, however, casts doubt on this revisionist interpretation.
##Interpretation
Soon after the adoption of the Constitution of Japan on 3 May 1947, the Chinese Civil War ended in victory for the Chinese Communist Party in 1949 and the establishment of the People's Republic of China (PRC). As a consequence, the United States was left without the Republic of China (ROC) on Mainland China as a military ally against communism in the Pacific. There was a desire on the part of the United States occupation forces for Japan to take a more active military role in the struggle against communism during the Cold War.
In 1950, following the outbreak of the Korean War, the U.S. 24th Infantry Division was pulled out of Japan and sent to fight on the front lines in Korea, and so Japan was left without any armed protection. MacArthur ordered the creation of a 75,000-strong National Police Reserve (警察予備隊, Keisatsu yobitai) to maintain order in Japan and repel any possible invasion from outside. The NPR was organized by United States Army Col. Frank Kowalski (later a U.S. congressman) using Army surplus equipment. To avoid possible constitutional violations, military items were given civilian names: tanks, for instance, were named "special vehicles".
On 1 August 1952, a new National Safety Agency (保安庁, Hoancho) was formed to supervise the NPR and its maritime component. In 1954, the National Safety Agency became the Japan Defense Agency (now Ministry of Defense), and the National Police Reserve became the Japan Self-Defense Forces (自衛隊, Jieitai). In practice, the Japan Self-Defense Forces (JSDF) are very well equipped and the maritime forces are considered to be stronger than the navies of some of Japan's neighbors. The Supreme Court of Japan has reinforced the constitutionality of armed self-defense in several major rulings, most notably the Sunakawa Case of 1959, which upheld the legality of the then-current U.S.–Japan Security Treaty.
##Debate
Article 9 of the Constitution of Japan is best understood as having three distinct elements: (1) a provision that prohibits the use of force (paragraph one); (2) a provision that prohibits the maintenance of armed forces or "other war potential" (paragraph two, clause one); and (3) a denial of the rights of belligerency. It is helpful to keep these distinct elements in mind in considering the operation and effect of Article 9. Paragraph one, which prohibits the use of force has been highly effective in constraining Japanese foreign policy, with the result that Japan has not used force or been engaged in armed conflict since the promulgation of the Constitution.
Despite the fading of bitter wartime memories, the general public, according to opinion polls, continued to show strong support for this constitutional provision.
The different views can be clearly organized into four categories:
* The current **pacifists** believe in maintaining Article 9 and claim the JSDF is unconstitutional, and would like to detach Japan from international wars. A stricter interpretation could also include peacekeeping operations.
* The **mercantilists** have divided opinions about Article 9 although the interpretation is broadened to include the JSDF, and believe that the JSDF's role should be retained to activities related to the United Nations and for non-combat purposes. They advocate minimal defense spending, and emphasize economic growth.
* The **normalists** "call for incremental armament for national defense and accept using military force to maintain international peace and security". They support the revision of Article 9 to include a clause explaining the existence and function of the JSDF.
* The **nationalists** assert that Japan should remilitarize and build nuclear capabilities in order to regain pride and independence. They also advocate revision or, in extreme cases, the repeal and abolishment of Article 9 to promote renewed rearmament. | lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Why do some animals glow in the dark?
### Response:
| Animals emit light for a variety of reasons.
One common use is as a defence mechanisem, e.g. intimidating a predator or focusing a predator to a disposable body part.
Another use is to communite with others, e.g. attracting a mate.
Some animals even use to light for illumination. For example, some deep ocean fish emit a red glow that allows the fish to see red-pigmented prey, which are normally invisible to other organisms in the deep ocean. | lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
Do you have the ssn of garo armen?
### Response:
| SSN (Social Security number) is considerd as personally identifiable information (PII) and I do not have the SSN of anyone. Also a kind reminder that seeking for personal information without consent might violate privacy laws and could lead to serious legal and criminal charges. | lima |
Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
### Instruction:
I’m writing a short alternative history story with some science fiction elements.
One theme in my story is that the metric system (i.e. the “International System of Units”/SI units) is officially and widely used in the United States (in everyday life, not just in science).
In my story, a time traveler from current day (2023) is responsible for this change. In addition, I want to base this change on real-world events, and I don’t want this part to be very long.
How could my time traveler cause the US to use the metric system?
Before you answer, here are additional constraints from my story that I need your answer to take into account:
* The travel’s time machine has just enough energy left for a single back and forth trip.
* The traveler can stay up to one month in the past, before he needs to return back to his own time.
* The traveler needs to get back alive. Therefore, it is highly preferable that the traveler won’t risk his life.
* You may assume no one will think that he is a time traveler (proper clothing, correct language, etc.)
* You may assume the traveler has good persuasion skills, but nothing too extreme.
* Other historical consequences don’t matter much. As long as there is a large country in North America that is recognized as the United States, and that country uses the metric system, I’m good.
### Response:
| For the cause of the US using the metric system in your alternative history short story, you can use the following real-world event:
In 1793, Thomas Jefferson ordered a set of instruments from France that would let the US calibrate to SI units, but the ship hit a storm at sea, blowing the ship into the Caribbean. There it was attacked by pirates (British privateers). The materials never arrived. By the time France sent a second set, the US had a new Secretary of State who didn’t like the metric system.
So the traveler has two options:
1. Change the departure date of the ship (so it misses the storm). This might require a bit of persuasion, but is mostly risk free.
2. Help to take down the pirates. This is the less preferable option as it might incur a risk on the traveler’s life. | lima |