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John Madden Football '93 | Reviewing the SNES version of John Madden Football '93, a GamePro writer believed that it was "a major improvement" over the previous SNES John Madden Football title. He wrote that the game's visuals were the biggest leap, particularly after the "slow and chunky" graphics of the earlier release. He enjoyed its sound effects, but he noted the lack of voice clips present in the Genesis version. He concluded that the series was now roughly even across the two consoles, and he wrote that the game was "a strong candidate for SNES Sports Cart of the Year". A writer for Nintendo Power wrote, "Madden '93 is easy to play and has the feel of the real game". He believed that the most noticeable additions were the new teams and "new play options", although he found it "awkward" to select plays. He finished, "Really the only thing missing is an option to play an entire season". Carl Rowley of N-Force called the visuals "sharper than ever" and believed that the character sprites were "small but well defined". He found that the game played "brilliantly", and he praised the instant replay feature as "superb" and "amazing". He wrote that his "only niggle is the lack of sampled speech", which he considered to be "a bit of a let down". Finishing his review, Rowley wrote that the game was the "best American football game available". |
Alvord cutthroat trout | In the late 1950s and through the 1960s the ODFW had introduced Lahontan cutthroat trout and rainbow trout into this stream, so Dr. Behnke expected to find a hybrid swarm during this sampling project. Yet, during this trip he was pleased to find that all of the trout examined seemed to be of the Lahontan strain; with some trout exhibiting the appearance (phenotype) of the "extinct" Alvord cutthroat trout. In a 2007 publication of the Oregon Chapter of the American Fisheries Society, entitled Redband Trout Resilience and Challenge in a Changing Landscape, Dr. Behnke comments that he believes there is a strong possibility that trout caught in this stream circa World War II (confirmed by local historian Mr. Bruce Gilinski, who had direct experience on the stream just after World War II) were derived from the early transplant of the now extinct Alvord cutthroat. He thus surmises that what remains of the Alvord subspecies is incorporated into the trout now found in this small stream adjacent to the Alvord Basin. |
Anisakis simplex | In its early stages, the larva can be found in the faeces of its host, and is around 5mm in length, presenting a boring tooth and a bundle of sensory nerves at the front tip of its body. Once it develops into a third stage larva, it grows to a length of 20 to 30 mm, and is found in the body cavity of the host, either freely floating or enclosed in a protective sac attached to the main organs. At this stage, the larva appears to be cylindrical with narrowed ends, and are visibly pink and white in colour, with a small white mark in the frontal region. Its outer surface is textured with irregular indents and striations. There are three protruding segments around the mouth that form the lips, one that is dorsal and two that are ventrolateral, each with lobules on them. The two ventrolateral segments encase the triangular boring tooth and an excretory opening in front of it. The mouth then connects to the tubular esophagus that is visible from the frontal region and leads to the wideset ventriculus. A defining characteristic of this species is that the ventriculus is diagonally adjoined to the center of the intestine. At its rear end, the species has an anal opening, as well as spine-like structure known as the mucron. |
LJY-Netzer | Kayitz (formerly Kayitz-Netzer) was run jointly with the other UK branch of Netzer, RSY-Netzer. It is now run by LJY-Netzer with RSY-Netzer and other Netzer participants attending. Kayitz lasts two weeks and focuses on issues of Diaspora Jewry, Zionism in relation to European history and the Shoah (Holocaust). Netivei Shnat Netzer, which is run by Netzer Olami launched in 2006 to replace the similar Shnat-Netzer programme. It is based in several places around Israel over 10 months. The aim of the course is to teach participants about and experience first-hand Israel and the Zionist ideals that helped to build it. It is split into three sets of netivim (paths). The first gives participants a choice between Etgar, a Jerusalem-based, Netzer-run leadership programme, and the Machon l'Madrichei Chul Jewish Agency programme. Both involve living in Jerusalem and daily lessons such as Judaism, Israeli history and culture and Hebrew. The second section provides a choice between living on a kibbutz (generally Kibbutz Yahel or Kibbutz Lotan) or Shnat B'ir ("Shnat in the city"), which involves living in a development town and volunteering. The final portion of the programme offers participants a choice of Kibbutz, Shnat B'ir and Shvil Yisrael, a hike along the length of Israel. |
Guerra de Familias (2012) | professional wrestling has been a generational tradition in Lucha libre since its inception early in the 20th century, with many second- and third-generation wrestlers following in their parents' footsteps. Several lucha libre promotions honor those traditions, often with annual tournaments such as Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre's La Copa Junior. In addition to actual second- and third-generation wrestlers, lucha libre also has a number of wrestlers who are presented as second- and third-generation wrestlers by the promoters without actually being a second- or third-generation wrestler. These are normally masked wrestlers promoted as "Juniors", on a few occasions billed as "El Hijo de" (literally "The Son of") These wrestlers normally pay a royalty or fee for the use of the name, using the name of an established star to get attention from fans and promoters. Examples of such instances of fictional family relationships include Arturo Beristain, also known as El Hijo del Gladiador ("The Son of El Gladiador), who was not related to the original El Gladiador, or El Hijo de Cien Caras who paid Cien Caras for the rights to use the name. |
Guerra de Familias (2012) | The main event of the show, a three-team steel cage match was contested under "Escape" rules, which meant that wrestlers would win the match by exiting the cage, with the last wrestler, or team left in the cage being declared the losers of the match. For the first ten minutes of the match the wrestlers were not allowed to leave the cage, instead they fought to wear down their opponents to allow an easier exit later on. During the early portions of the match Silver King Jr. dove off the top of the 20 foot cage onto the five wrestlers in the ring. He would later be the first wrestler to climb over the top and escape the match. During the match Taboo attacked his own brother, La Parka and then climbed out of the cage, leaving La Parka to fend for himself. After that both Dr. Wagner Jr. and La Parka climbed out, leaving Silver King and El Hijo de Dr. Wagner Jr. as the last two competitors in the cage. Near the closing moments of the match SIlver King's associates Pete Powers, Taya Valkyrie and the Mummy came to the rign to help him. This brought both Dr. Wagner Jr. and La Parka back to the ring to chase them off. In the end El Hijo de Dr. Wagner Jr. managed to climb out of the cage, leaving Silver King as the loser of the match. |
Lostwithiel and Fowey Railway | The Cornwall Minerals Railway (CMR) itself had experienced financial difficulties and from 1 October 1877 had leased its lines to the Great Western Railway (also lessee of and operator of the Cornwall Railway), but as trade improved its income from the lease and a financial arrangement with creditors resulted in the CMR having cash available, and it made arrangements to purchase the Lostwithiel and Fowey line. The purchase was confirmed by the Lostwithiel and Fowey Railway Act 1892 (55 & 56 Vict. c. clxxxii) of 27 June 1892. The L&FR Company was dissolved and the line and jetty accommodation were transferred to the Cornwall Minerals Railway. The CMR reconstructed the line and converted it to the 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge, rebuilding and extending the jetties at Carne Point also. The CMR had a Fowey station a short distance south of the L&FR terminal, and the CMR constructed a connection to link the two railways. The line reopened on 16 September 1895, for both goods and passenger traffic, and passenger trains ran to the CMR passenger station at Fowey. An intermediate station was opened at Golant. |
Lostwithiel and Fowey Railway | In 1955 specific open wagons for the conveyance of China Clay were constructed at Swindon Works, and from 1974 the whole fleet of around 900 wagons were modified when a metal bar was added to raise the tarpaulins that were used when the wagons were loaded to protect the cargo, giving them the nickname "Clay Hoods". These 5-plank wooden open wagons, designated UCV, had 4 wheels with a 9 feet (2.7 m) wheelbase and vacuum brakes, and in the early 1970s the heavier freight trains to and from Carne Point were typically made up of these wagons hauled by Class 52 'Western' diesels while lighter loads were hauled by smaller Type 2 diesels, initially Class 22 hydraulics and then later by Class 25 diesel-electrics. Following the retirement of these classes of locomotive in the 1980s, trains of "Clay Hoods" were typically hauled by Class 37s and while from 1988 the old open clay wagons were replaced with 45-ton CDA hoppers with air brakes, into the 1990s the trains continued to be hauled by class 37's based at St Blazey. |
5-inch/25-caliber gun | The 5"/25 caliber gun (spoken "five-inch-twenty-five-caliber") entered service as the standard heavy anti-aircraft (AA) gun for United States Washington Naval Treaty cruisers commissioned in the 1920s and 1930s. The goal of the 5"/25 design was to produce a heavy AA gun that was light enough to be rapidly trained manually. The gun was also mounted on pre-World War II battleships and aircraft carriers until replaced by the standard widespread dual-purpose 5"/38 caliber gun, which was derived from the 5"/25. Guns removed from battleships were probably converted for submarine use by late 1943, while a purpose-built variant for submarines was available in mid-1944, and was widely used by them. United States naval gun terminology indicates the gun fired a projectile 5 inches (127 mm) in diameter, and the barrel was 25 calibers long (that is, for a 5" bore and a barrel length of 25 calibers, 5" x 25 = 125", or about 3.2 meters). It is referred to sometimes as a dual-purpose gun and sometimes as an anti-aircraft gun, because of its comparative weakness against surface targets. |
5-inch/25-caliber gun | The gun weighed about 2 metric tons and used fixed ammunition (case and projectile handled as a single assembled unit) with a 9.6-pound (4.4 kg) charge of smokeless powder to give a 54-pound (24 kg) projectile a velocity of 2100 feet per second (640 m/s). The ceiling was 27,400 feet (8,400 m) at the maximum elevation of 85 degrees. Useful life expectancy was 4260 effective full charges (EFC) per barrel. The short barrel of the 5"/25 made it much easier to train manually against fast-moving targets. These guns were manually controlled so the short barrel and light weight made it an early favorite as an anti-aircraft gun. Another key feature was power loading, allowing rapid fire at high elevation angles. The 5"/38 caliber gun replaced the 5"/25 as the anti-aircraft weapon of choice on new construction by the mid-1930s due to its better range, velocity against surface targets, and higher vertical ceiling. The 5"/38 was effectively a compromise between the shorter-barreled 5"/25 (intended primarily for air targets) and the longer-barreled 5-inch/51-caliber gun (intended primarily for surface targets) in order to create a highly-effective dual-purpose naval gun. |
5-inch/25-caliber gun | 5"/25 guns removed from pre-war battleships (especially those rebuilt after Pearl Harbor) had their barrel linings chromed. These guns were remounted for submarine use beginning in late 1943 for extra firepower against small boats and sampans often encountered off the coast of Japan and elsewhere in the Pacific Theater, replacing the earlier 3-inch and 4-inch guns. New production Mark 17 5"/25 guns on the Mark 40 mount designed for submarines became available in mid-1944; USS Spadefish was the first submarine built with this gun. Some submarines had two of these weapons. The Mark 17 gun in the Mark 40 submarine gun mount may have used semi-fixed ammunition (case and projectile handled separately), but existing WW II photographs, drawings of ammunition storage, and museum ships all show fixed ammunition (one piece service round). It had a range of 14,500 yards (13,300 m) at the maximum elevation of 40 degrees. The submarine mounting had manual elevation, train, and loading with no power assist. |
Anthem of the Peaceful Army | The band's original plan had been to quickly record songs they had written over the course of the last three to five years, of which the band had amassed a large number. However, upon entering the studio, the band opted to write and record mostly new music, all during a short two week stint in the studio. It was later clarified that about 75% of the album was written during the 2018 sessions. They experimented more in the studio with different tones and instruments than they did recording the EPs. A lap steel guitar was used on "Anthem" and a guitar modified to sound like a sitar in "Watching Over". The name of the album comes from a poem Josh Kiszka wrote on the tour bus after having words come to him as he drifted in and out of sleep. In the studio, the project became what Sam Kiszka admitted was a concept album that addressed ecological concerns as well as themes of hate, greed and evil. "It kind of dives into roots and beliefs. I think it asks fairly large questions. What are we doing to ourselves? What are we doing to our environment? What are we doing to each other? Why must there be hate? And why must there be greed and evil? I think it simply asks the question of why can't we all be one? We're all people. We all look up at the same sky, breathing the same air. We all come from the same place." Additional songs were written during a stay at a cabin deep in the woods of Chattanooga, Tennessee. According to Jake Kiszka he would stay up late at night editing and mixing and "very clearly" hear footsteps behind him that only stopped when he commanded them to. Danny Wagner also reported hearing the laugh of a little girl while alone in the cabin. Jake said these incidents ended up influencing some of the tracks. In an interview for Rolling Stone Josh said "If there's a haunted fucking cabin, this would be the one. It was quite an experience. We set the drums up in this big room in front of a fireplace. We wanted to get out into more of a wilderness setting because that's where these things become clear. Jake would get nice and drunk and talk to the spirits. I'd step out on the balcony and look down, and he'd just be drunk and talking off into space like nothing existed." Sam also said he has "very specific memories of "Age of Man" being written and coming to life there." and went on to agree he believed the cabin was haunted. "Age of Man" also contains the line "lands of ice and snow", a probable quote of the Led Zeppelin song "Immigrant Song". When asked if this was intentional, Josh said "In some ways it was a bit of a wink..." |
Anthem of the Peaceful Army | The album's first single, "When the Curtain Falls", was released in July 2018, along with the band promoting the song with their live national television debut on The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon. In November 2018, the single peaked at number 1 on the Billboard Mainstream Rock songs chart. The album's title, Anthem of the Peaceful Army, and release date, October 19, 2018, was announced in early September 2018. A small album teaser, along with a new song, "Watching Over", were also released around the time of the announcement. Further songs "Lover, Leaver", "Anthem" and "You're the One" were released ahead of the album on September 21, October 5 and 16, respectively. The day before the album came out, the band set up an online promotion that allowed users to listen to the song "Age of Man" if they walked to a local park and opened a link on their mobile phone. Digital versions have a slightly different tracklist than physical copies, due to including an alternate version of "Lover Leaver". |
Anthem of the Peaceful Army | Critical reviews of Anthem of the Peaceful Army were mixed, the album garnering an aggregate Metacritic score of 53 out of 100 based on thirteen reviews. Classic Rock magazine strongly praised the album, concluding that it was "one of the most exciting records released by a new band in recent years...partly a result of the amount of money and attention that's being thrown at them – this is the first time in years that a rock band has been given a genuine fighting chance by a major label – but it's mostly down to the youthful, unmanufacturable exhilaration that courses through its 10 tracks." Conversely, Esquire reasoned that "the state of guitar music in general been waiting for another Black Keys or Kings of Leon to come along to revive interest in a rapidly aging sound," explaining the praise towards the album, but the actual music was "bad and entire aesthetic feels disingenuous" because it was released by a major label. Jeremy D. Larson of Pitchfork heavily criticized the album, calling it "half-baked boomer fetishism" and an "interminable 49-minute drag." Larson's statements were met with controversy and criticism by some, with Tyler Sharp of Loudwire noting that the response was 'unparalleled in terms of rock music criticism in 2018'. In a negative review, YouTube music reviewer Anthony Fantano accused the album of being unoriginal and of ripping off the sound of Led Zeppelin, and said that "it spits in the face of artistic evolution." |
Agnete and the Merman | The original ballad "Agnete and the Merman", or in Danish "Agnete og Havmanden", is one of the many fairy tales found in Danish folklore. The poem was passed on by word of mouth for generations, like numerous other folktales. Mermaids and other mer-people are recurring figures in traditional Danish lore. The Danish author Hans Christian Andersen's popular story "The Little Mermaid" (the basis of the Disney animated film) inspired the Little Mermaid statue in Copenhagen, which has been deemed not only a popular tourist attraction but also a symbol of the country itself. In 1832 Andersen wrote a letter to Edvard Collin , the son of his patron Jonas Collin , in which he outlined his concept for a long verse play akin to Oehlenschläger's famous "Aladdin" called 'Agnete and the Merman'. The sculptures that represent the story of Agnete and the Merman symbolize the cultural importance of Danish folklore to the people of Copenhagen. Much as the Greeks eternalized their mythology with statues of Artemis and Poseidon, Suste Bonnen used bronze to capture a specific story of love and loss. |
Mary deGarmo Bryan | Mary Cora deGarmo was born in Warrensburg, Missouri, the daughter of Frank deGarmo and Mary O'Donnell deGarmo. Bryan had one sister, Margaret deGarmo Payne, and the two were educated by their mother throughout their adolescence. Bryan's mother was a teacher and also worked with the St. Louis Women's Chamber of Commerce to formulate Plans for Organization and Work for Americanization as well as a Constitution for a Central Cooperative Americanization League in 1919. Bryan's mother was incredibly active in the revitalization of the American school system, specifically with the aim of ensuring the uniformity of public school education and the Americanization of the curriculum. She helped disperse training information and taught teachers to Americanize their foreign-born students, and she also advocated for the creation of Americanization centers "where American women will teach them Cooking, Dressmaking, Millinery, Home Economics, etc." Mary deGarmo was also an advocate for eugenics and encouraged federal studies to assess how race and nutrition could be harnessed for social manipulations. The racial and purity biases of Bryan's mother may have influenced Bryan's own approach to some facets of nutrition later in life; however, these themes of race and health were not unique to Bryan and were common in the fields of health and nutrition at the time. |
Mary deGarmo Bryan | Bryan graduated from Newcomb College in 1912, and from Washington University in 1913. She taught at Agnes Scott College from 1913 to 1915 and at the University of Illinois from 1915 to 1916. As World War I continued, Bryan was hired at $720 per annum to be a civilian employee in the U.S. Army Medical Department and operated out of Fort McPherson, Georgia. She was quickly appointed to the orthopedic institution Base Hospital1114, and she served as an army dietitian overseas in France. After Bryan was honorably discharged, effective April 30, 1919, she returned to the US and gave a passionate speech to the ADA's third annual meeting regarding her experiences with war-time nutritional practices. Her speech was so impactful that she was notified just a few hours later that she had been elected on a secret ballot to serve a 2-year term as ADA president. Her time as ADA president and subsequent efforts in advocacy were characterized by a unified pursuit of the patient's common good: "All of us working together for the good of the patient should work together, for after all, the power of an ideal, and cooperation to attain it, is the biggest lesson the war has taught us. That seems to me to be the promise in this association and its possibility as a power." |
Rabeya (2008 film) | Two orphaned sisters, Rabeya (Bonna Mirza) and Rokeya (Jyotika Jyoti), live with their uncle, Emdad Kazi (Aly Zaker) who is a conservative Muslim League leader supporting the Pakistan Army, in the village of Ibrahimpur located by the Rupsa River in the Ganges Delta, where a Pakistani army captain stationed a military base. Emdad wants one of his nieces, Rabeya, to be married to his son, Tariqul. Kazi's nephew, Khaled, joins the Mukti Bahini to fight for Bangladesh's independence, but is shot dead by the Pakistan Army during a battle, and is left alone unburied by the river, and no one is allowed to be near the corpse. The Pakistan Army warned to not bury any guerrilla fighter, branded as an 'Indian agent' or 'traitor', and anyone doing so will be executed. Rabeya attempts to bury her brother, but while doing so, she runs away from the spot after almost being noticed by the razakars. Later, she tries to bury her brother again, but was caught and later spared. Rabeya was later taken to her uncle, who told her that burying someone is not a duty of a woman. One night, she goes alone and attempts to continue burying her brother, but was caught by the Pakistan Army and was shot dead. The Bengali guerrilla fighters declare Rabeya as a martyr, and inspire the poor peasants to stand against the army for an independent Bangladesh. |
Detroit 2 | Fred Thomas of AllMusic praised the album, stating, "The production is clean and engaging, with polished beats and the occasional glossy hook providing a contrast for Big Sean's visceral rhymes and urgently delivered performances". Reviewing the album for Clash, Robin Murray stated, "Detroit 2 has that passion, that willingness to progress. Equal parts entertaining and wide, it finds the rapper coming full circle, only to find himself once more". In a positive review, A. D. Amorosi of Variety wrote that "Big Sean makes Detroit 2 a real and righteous place, even if he has to use a handful of holy clichés to prove it". Rashad Grove of Consequence said, "Undoubtedly, Big Sean's growth as an artist and, more importantly, as a human being is the scarlet thread that ties Detroit 2 together. The complexity of the human experience, as told from the vast experiences of Sean's own life, comes shining through". HipHopDX's reviewer Mark Elibert stated in his review that "Detroit 2 shows when Big Sean opens up and tells his story he's an artist worthy of being in the conversation of the best of his era. He just needs to come back stronger with more airtight songs and not attempt to attract every audience that's out there". |
1991 in Pakistan | There was a national consensus on liberalization and privatization of the economy and making it responsible for market mechanisms, but there was severe criticism of the way the government went about it. The opposition and many independent economists accused the government of undue haste and secrecy. Offering such a large number of industrial and financial units for privatization at one time was likened to selling the family silver at throwaway prices. They were also critical of the secrecy in which the units were evaluated and their reserved prices fixed. The process lacked "transparency," and they charged and accused the government of favoritism and of creating monopolies. The critics were apprehensive that such rapid and ill-planned schemes might return the country to the social tensions and turmoil of the late 1960s and to the demand for the renationalization of these units. The critics advocated a slower and phased program and more objective criteria for economic decision-making. They also asked the government to fully work out measures to protect the more vulnerable groups in society who could not compete in a free market. Since there was not that much investment capital floating around the country, the response to privatization was limited. This automatically slowed down the process and met one of the points of criticism; it will also help the government work out a more carefully structured process. |
1991 in Pakistan | The hardliners in the Afghan resistance vitiated, if not derailed the peace process by launching attacks for the capture of Gardez and Jalalabad, but the disunity in their ranks and the Kabul air force turned the attacks into fiascos. Gulbuddin Hekmatyar issued a threat to turn Afghanistan into a Lebanon and to destabilize both Iran and Pakistan if a government of communists and so-called nationalist Afghans was imposed on the Afghan people.10 However, Pakistan remained determined not to allow the peace process to become hostage to any leader's whims and personal ambitions. Peace negotiations between the moderate Afghan resistance leaders and Soviet and Russian authorities continued, first in New York (October) and then in Moscow (November) where an agreement was reached for the transfer of power in Kabul to an interim Islamic government that would hold elections within two years under the aegis of the U.N. and the Organization of Islamic Countries (OIC). A joint commission was named to implement the Moscow accord. |
1991 in Pakistan | The IJI, during the 1990 election campaign, made U.S. aid suspension a major issue, accusing the PPP of maneuvering the cutoff and generating anti-American sentiment. Anti-U.S. feelings grew during the Gulf War when the Jamaat-i-Islami and other fundamentalist groups took a pro-Iraq stance. Most Americans were evacuated, and for several months the country remained on the list of "unfavorable nations with a tendency toward hostility for the U.S. and its interests." The Nawaz Sharif government tried to contain the damage by implementing all the Security Council resolutions on Iraq and sending 11,000 troops to Saudi Arabia. But an intra- establishment consensus on the Gulf situation was missing. Some statements of the COAS, General Beg, appeared to be supportive and appreciative of Iraq. Because of these divergent voices, Pakistan reaped no rewards for supporting the "allied" cause in the Gulf-such as the massive debt write-offs for Syria and Eqypt, or even the opportunity to buy surplus U.S. military stores that were offered for sale at throwaway prices after the war. To re-establish the channels of communication, the government sent a high-powered delegation to Washington in June 1991, led by Senate Chairman Wasim Sajjad. Before the group departed, Nawaz Sharif made two moves. He announced (earlier than usual) the appointment of a new COAS, and in a speech on June 6 he put forth a seven-point plan for an "equitable and non-discriminatory solution of the nuclear proliferation problem in South Asia." In essence, he called for a five-nation conference (Pakistan, India, China, USSR, and U.S.) to deliberate the nuclear and related security issues in the region. |
1991 in Pakistan | The Wasim delegation met with top-level policy makers, concerned congressional leaders, and media representatives. The meetings helped take the chill out of Pakistan-U.S. relations but could not bridge the gap in perceptions. The Pakistanis were surprised to see the area of American concerns in South Asia widened by the inclusion of the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR) and the alleged Pakistani intervention in Indian Punjab and Indian-held Kashmir. The unfinished dialogue in Washington was resumed in Islamabad in November. General Joseph P. Hoar, C-in-C of the U.S. Central Command, and Undersecretary of State for International Security Affairs Reginald Bartholomew held in-depth talks covering the whole range of bilateral relations. Goodwill was expressed by both sides but there was no consensus on basic issues. Pakistanis were irritated by the selective American approach in the region, noting the failure of the U.S. Congress to bring India within the purview of the Pressler Amendment. The high-level negotiations between India and the U.S. on establishing a security arrangement in South Asia were also extensively reported and commented upon in the Pakistani media. Thus, Pakistan-U.S. relations in 1991 were highly strained and marked by suspicion and distrust. Neither side was happy over this steep decline, but both could go only a limited distance to reach an amicable settlement. Bush could not avoid his obligations under the Pressler law and Nawaz Sharif could not fly in the face of public opinion in Pakistan. In a Gallup poll in June, 77% of the respondents favored rejection of American aid rather than giving up the nuclear program, and 87% were in favor of Pakistan making nuclear weapons.-" |
1991 in Pakistan | Among all the changes at the global and regional levels, what did not change for Pakistan was the adversarial relationship with India. But though tension remained high and the most bloody border clash in recent years took place in the Poonch Sector in September, the two countries managed to check the drift toward war. The Kashmiris' right of self-determination, delimitation of borders in Siachin, construction of the Wullar Barrage on the Jhelum River in Indian-held Kashmir, demarcation of boundaries in Sircreek in the Rann of Kutch, and disarmament issues occupied the Indo-Pak agenda. There was no dearth of the usual accusations and recriminations but the channels of communication were kept open and busy. The two prime ministers met informally twice and reiterated their determination to resolve the issues through bilateral negotiations. Five rounds of foreign secretaries' meetings and two of defense secretaries resulted in agreements or near agreements on all issues except Kashmir and disarmament. "We raise the Kashmir issue every time we meet. The Indians don't respond," complained the foreign secretary. 12 However, dis- armament, including the nuclear issue, was discussed for the first time at the fifth round of talks in October. Indian Foreign Secretary Muchkund Dubey described India as a "nuclear weapon-capable state," and he asserted that signing the Non-Proliferation Treaty was not in the interest of India or Pakistan even if China did so. Instead, he wanted the two countries to think of "capping" their nuclear capabilities and taking confidence-building measures. |
1991 in Pakistan | September-October saw three sets of visits significant for the general thrust of Pakistan's foreign policy-President Ghulam Ishaq Khan went to Iran and Saudi Arabia, PRC President Yang Shangkun visited Pakistan and Iran, and General Asif Nawaz made trips to China and Iran within a few weeks of taking over as COAS. Ishaq Khan, in his address to the Iranian Majlis, expounded the Islamic worldview, stressing the economic integration of the Ummah and resistance to international and regional hegemonism. The Chinese president, in all his speeches in Pakistan, demanded that the new world order be based on equality, justice, and the five principles of peaceful coexistence. Pakistan, China, and Iran-all under pressure from the United States- were reported in the Western media to be moving toward strategic consensus and some sort of a defense pact. No doubt the economic and technological cooperation among these states has made rapid strides in recent years, but to view it as an emerging Beijing-Islamabad-Tehran axis would be to give their cooperation a meaning that was not there. All three were trying to adjust to new trends and new realities of the international political system and to enhance their leverage in it. |
Cladistics | Cladistics (/kləˈdɪstɪks/ klə-DIST-iks; from Ancient Greek κλάδος kládos 'branch') is an approach to biological classification in which organisms are categorized in groups ("clades") based on hypotheses of most recent common ancestry. The evidence for hypothesized relationships is typically shared derived characteristics (synapomorphies) that are not present in more distant groups and ancestors. However, from an empirical perspective, common ancestors are inferences based on a cladistic hypothesis of relationships of taxa whose character states can be observed. Theoretically, a last common ancestor and all its descendants constitute a (minimal) clade. Importantly, all descendants stay in their overarching ancestral clade. For example, if the terms worms or fishes were used within a strict cladistic framework, these terms would include humans. Many of these terms are normally used paraphyletically, outside of cladistics, e.g. as a 'grade', which are fruitless to precisely delineate, especially when including extinct species. Radiation results in the generation of new subclades by bifurcation, but in practice sexual hybridization may blur very closely related groupings. |
Cladistics | The cladistic method interprets each shared character state transformation as a potential piece of evidence for grouping. Synapomorphies (shared, derived character states) are viewed as evidence of grouping, while symplesiomorphies (shared ancestral character states) are not. The outcome of a cladistic analysis is a cladogram – a tree-shaped diagram (dendrogram) that is interpreted to represent the best hypothesis of phylogenetic relationships. Although traditionally such cladograms were generated largely on the basis of morphological characters and originally calculated by hand, genetic sequencing data and computational phylogenetics are now commonly used in phylogenetic analyses, and the parsimony criterion has been abandoned by many phylogeneticists in favor of more "sophisticated" but less parsimonious evolutionary models of character state transformation. Cladists contend that these models are unjustified because there is no evidence that they recover more "true" or "correct" results from actual empirical data sets |
Cladistics | If there is unclarity in mutual relationships, there are a lot of possible trees. Assigning names to each possible clade may not be prudent. Furthermore, established names are discarded in cladistics, or alternatively carry connotations which may no longer hold, such as when additional groups are found to have emerged in them. Naming changes are the direct result of changes in the recognition of mutual relationships, which often is still in flux, especially for extinct species. Hanging on to older naming and/or connotations is counter-productive, as they typically do not reflect actual mutual relationships precisely at all. E.g. Archaea, Asgard archaea, protists, slime molds, worms, invertebrata, fishes, reptilia, monkeys, Ardipithecus, Australopithecus, Homo erectus all contain Homo sapiens cladistically, in their sensu lato meaning. For originally extinct stem groups, sensu lato generally means generously keeping previously included groups, which then may come to include even living species. A pruned sensu stricto meaning is often adopted instead, but the group would need to be restricted to a single branch on the stem. Other branches then get their own name and level. This is commensurate to the fact that more senior stem branches are in fact closer related to the resulting group than the more basal stem branches; that those stem branches only may have lived for a short time does not affect that assessment in cladistics. |
Scottish Community Education Council | SCEC provided information, publications, training and consultancy services to community education practitioners. It was later given the function of validating and endorsing professional community education training. In the nineties SCEC opened a European office in Brussels, which became the hub of a European wide network of information services - called Eurodesk. SCEC also hosted the International Association for Community Development, the main international organisation for practitioners in this field. SCEC published three professional journals, research and practice publications and a regular supplement in Scotland's largest selling paper the Daily Record, ran conferences and training to support practitioners and trainers of community educators. SCEC played a lead role in creating a UK wide training standards organisation for community learning and development. This was called PAULO, named after the Brazilian community educator Paulo Freire. After this the term community education was replaced by community learning and development to describe the sector. |
Superstition | Definitions of the term vary, but they commonly describe superstitions as irrational beliefs at odds with scientific knowledge of the world. Stuart Vyse proposes that a superstition's "presumed mechanism of action is inconsistent with our understanding of the physical world", with Jane Risen adding that these beliefs are not merely scientifically wrong but impossible. Similarly, Lysann Damisch defines superstition as "irrational beliefs that an object, action, or circumstance that is not logically related to a course of events influences its outcome." Dale Martin says they "presuppose an erroneous understanding about cause and effect, that have been rejected by modern science." The Oxford English Dictionary describes them as "irrational, unfounded", Merriam-Webster as "a false conception about causation or belief or practice", and the Cambridge Dictionary as "sans grounding in human reason or scientific knowledge". This notion of superstitious practices is not causally related to the outcomes. |
Superstition | Dieter Harmening's 1979 book Superstitio categorizes superstitions in three categories: magic, divination and observances. The observances category subdivides into "signs" and "time". The time sub-category constitutes temporal prognostics like observances of various days related like dog days, Egyptian days, year prognosis and lunaries, whereas the signs category constitutes signs such as particular animal behaviors (like the call of birds or the neighing of horses) or the sighting of comets, or dreams. According to László Sándor Chardonnens, the signs subcategory usually needs an observer who might help in interpreting the signs and such observer does not need necessarily to be an active participant in the observation. According to Chardonnens, a participant in the category of divination may need to go beyond mere observation and need to be active participant in a given action. Examples of divination superstitions include judicial astrology, necromancy, haruspex, lot-casting, geomancy, aeromancy and prophecy. Chardonnens says superstitions belonging to the magic category are exceedingly hermetical and ritualistic: examples include witchcraft, potions, incantations, amulets etc. Chardonnens says that the observation category needs an observer, divination category needs a participant to tell what is to be observed, whereas magic requires a participant who must follow a protocol to influence the future, and that these three types of superstition need increasing stages of participation and knowledge. |
Superstition | OCD that involves superstition is often referred to as "Magical Thinking" People with this kind of manifestation of OCD believe that if they do not follow through with a certain compulsion, then something bad will happen to either themselves or others. Superstitious OCD, while can appear in anyone with OCD, more often appears in people with a religious background or with people who grew up in a culture that believes in magic and perform rituals. Like stated before in the article above, superstition and prophecies are sometimes linked together. People with religious or superstitious OCD may have compulsions and perform rituals or behaviors in order to fulfill or get closer to fulfilling a prophecy. Those with "magical thinking" OCD may realize that doing an action will not actually 'save' someone, but the fear that if they do not perform a certain behavior someone could get hurt is so overwhelming that they do it just to be sure. People with superstitious OCD will go out of their way to avoid something deemed 'unlucky'. Such as the 13th floor of a building, the 13th room, certain numbers or colors, because if they do not they believe something horrible may happen. Though superstitious OCD may work in reverse where one will always wear a certain item of clothing or jewelry or carry a certain item like a bag because it brings them 'luck' and allow good things to happen. |
Nathan Chan | Chan has soloed with orchestras including the San Francisco Symphony, San Francisco Chamber Orchestra, the Royal Philharmonic, the UK Northern Sinfonia, Albany Symphony Orchestra, Marin Symphony, Hong Kong Chamber Orchestra, and The Juilliard Orchestra. Chan has also made many appearances on public radio and TV including NPR's From The Top, NPR's Performance Today with Fred Child, and HBO's "The Music in Me: Children's Recitals From Classical to Latin to Jazz to Zydeco". These collaborations attracted the attention of singer Roberta Flack, who asked Chan to record for her Beatles tribute album, "Let It Be Roberta". In 2009, he was featured in a British documentary entitled "The World's Greatest Musical Prodigies". Chan has premiered works including the Velesslavista Quadruple Concerto, composed by Alexander Prior, and Double Concerto for Clarinet and Cello, composed by Jonathan Russell. Chan is also a co-founder of the cello ensemble String Theory at Columbia University, with whom he traveled to Arizona to perform at Google's 2013 Zeitgeist conference. Chan recently joined the Seattle Symphony as their Assistant Principal Cello. |
Camp Esterbrook | During World War 2, starting in spring 1944 German prisoners were housed at Camp Esterbrook. Camp Esterbrook prisoners of war were used for timber operations. Prisoner of war labor worked for civilian employers under the military officials and the Department of Agriculture's Extension Service. The camp worked six days a week, with Sunday off. The POW Labor Program benefited the US as there was shortage of labor during the war. About 75 POWs lived at the camp, with about 7 Army guards. Most POWs came from Camp Douglas (Wyoming). The local logging companies paid the prisoner labor, now lumberjacks, the same as local civilians. The POWs cut timber for railroad ties'. Evidence can still be found of the camp, including building foundations, wells and latrine pits. At the end of the war the camp closed in January 1946. At first the camp held Italian POWs. In April 1944 the Italians POWs were moved out. German POWs moved in. In April 1944 the Italians were able to volunteer for Italian Service Units, this was non-combat duty in special service units of the United States Army. To join the Italian Service Unit, each Italians volunteer could sign a pledge to perform any non-combat duty to help the United States against the now common enemy, Nazi Germany. |
Honda Marine | Honda Marine is an American company headquartered in Alpharetta, Georgia. Honda Marine is part of "Honda's Power Products" division. They build a full line of four-stroke outboard marine engines. They were the second U.S. company to build a four-stroke marine outboard engine. They manufactured the first marine engine in 1964. Many of the engine concepts and technologies are taken from their automotive engines used in popular vehicles such as the Accord and Odyssey. The BF115, 130, and 150 engines uses a power head based on the same 2.4L K24 VTEC engine used in the Honda Accord. The BF200, 225, and 250 use engines derived from Honda's J35A series of engines used in larger vehicles such as Pilot, Odyssey, and Ridgeline. Honda offered a five-year no-declining warranty on their engines. Honda expanded its well known Variable Valve Timing & Lift Electronic Control (VTEC) technology to marine engines in the 2000s. VTEC varies the lift and duration of the intake valve opening, enhances performance at both low and high RPM. It provides a broad, flat torque curve and smooth power delivery. Their full lineup of engine models are of four-stroke design. |
Tillingbourne Bus Company | The company changed its name to Tillingbourne Bus Company in 1972, changing its livery to blue and yellow, and moved to a garage in Gomshall in the same year. A second garage in Ewhurst was opened in 1974. An expansion of operations in the late 1970s and early 1980s, much of it through the award of county council contracted routes, took the company's vehicles into West Sussex and Hampshire as well as Surrey. Tillingbourne took over the services of London operator Orpington & District following that company's collapse in 1981. These were run separately from the main company as Tillingbourne (Metropolitan) which, in 1983, was sold to its management to form Metrobus, now part of the Go-Ahead Group. The company moved garages again in 1980, settling in Cranleigh. A new, larger garage in the same town was opened in February 2001. Deregulation of local bus services in 1986 led to further expansion, including the establishment in 1989 of a new brand, Hobbit, for Tillingbourne's minibus operations. A high-quality coaching subsidiary, Dorking Coaches, was also operated towards the end of Tillingbourne's life. |
Tillingbourne Bus Company | Further expansion came in April 1985, following over a year of consultation with county council members, regulators, when two new routes were introduced. One operated in competition with Alder Valley, while the other took the place of services withdrawn by other operators. Following these changes Tillingbourne became the only operator to serve Chilworth, Albury and Shere. Two new vehicles were purchased for the routes. At the same time, all of Tillingbourne's services were renumbered into a new two-digit sequence, to avoid confusion with London Country routes. A year later, the second of the new services, circular route 23/25, was reduced in frequency from hourly to two-hourly, although much of the route was covered by extending another route. Another new service, linking Cranleigh and Godalming, was also introduced. In August 1986, operation of a number of council-contracted services, including a route from Redhill to Reigate and a local route in Horsham, were taken over from other companies. |
Barbara M. Carey-Shuler | Carey authored and secured passage of legislation requiring every motorist to observe a 15-mph speed limit while driving in school zones. Her leadership also led to black employees of the county's Solid Waste Department who only had been hired as part-time employees, being hired as full-time employees eligible for all benefits. In addition, Carey introduced and led the effort to pass the set-aside law and the affirmative action policy, which was argued all the way to the United States Supreme Court, resulting in creating more jobs and business opportunities for minorities and women than any other economic measure passed by the County Commission. Carey sponsored at the local level the State of Florida's Affordable Housing Surtax program. At the time, it was the first in the nation to establish a funding vehicle to provide home ownership, housing rehabilitation and affordable rental options. By 2017, the program had created over 10,000 single family homeowners and exceeded 15,000 affordable rental units throughout Miami-Dade County, Florida. |
Jeff Todd Titon | Jeff Todd Titon is a professor emeritus of music at Brown University. He holds a B.A. from Amherst College, an M.A. and a Ph.D. from the University of Minnesota. He taught American literature, folklore and ethnomusicology in the departments of English and Music at Tufts University , where he co-founded the American Studies program and also the M.A. program in Ethnomusicology. He taught at Brown University where he was director of the Ph.D. program in Ethnomusicology. He held visiting professorships at Amherst College, Carleton College, Berea College, East Tennessee State University and Indiana University's Folklore Institute. His published books include Early Downhome Blues: A Musical and Cultural Analysis , Powerhouse for God: Speech, Chant and Song in an Appalachian Baptist Church , and Toward a Sound Ecology: New and Selected Essays . He is co-editor of the Oxford Handbook of Applied Ethnomusicology and general editor of Worlds of Music: An Introduction to the Music of the World's Peoples . He was editor of Ethnomusicology, the journal of the Society for Ethnomusicology, from 1990-1995. In 1998, he was elected a Fellow of the American Folklore Society, and in 2020, he received their Lifetime Scholarly Achievement Award. |
Dick Ellis | "The best that can be said of it is that, if no German evidence were available, if every piece of oral evidence recollected at distances of 30 years from the event was assumed to be unquestionably reliable, then this is the kind of reconstruction that an ignorant, simplificatory but conspiratorially inclined mind might advance as though it were reality. Ellis may have fed his White Russian contacts in Paris with information of a kind in the hope of using them both as a means of finding out what the Abwehr were interested in, and of creating a degree of confidence which could then be turned to advantage. It is equally possible, given the well-known paucity of resources put at MI6's disposal in the 1930s, that he attempted to better his situation by some kind of illegal financial dealings (as some believe). But the identifications, such as they are, to which Wright appeals, are worthless; and the rest is contrary to the historical evidence of the Abwehr's knowledge of, and activities against, MI6." |
Dick Ellis | In 1963 Ellis wrote a book about the Malleson mission titled The Transcaspian Episode, 1918–1919 . Among the events addressed in the book was the 26 Commissars massacre. The commissars had earlier fled the Mussavatist Azerbaijan advanced guard in the September Days of 1918 just before the Turks occupied Baku. They planned to sail to Astrakhan, the only Caspian port still in Bolshevik hands but were instead dumped at the port of Krasnovodsk where they were summarily executed by the local Menshevik garrison. Ellis fundamentally disagreed with claims by the Socialist Revolutionary journalist Vadim Chaikin that British officers were responsible for the deaths of the Commissars, pointing out that it had been a triumph for Soviet propaganda. In a letter to The Times in 1961, Ellis placed the blame with the "Menshevik-Socialist Revolutionary" Transcaspian Government, which had jurisdiction over the prisoners. According to Ellis, the claim of British involvement arose only after the Socialist Revolutionaries found the need to ingratiate themselves with the stronger Bolsheviks. |
Me. I Am Mariah... The Elusive Chanteuse | On June 16, 2013, Walmart put the album up for pre-order and revealed its title as The Art of Letting Go. The following day, producer Jermaine Dupri confirmed that Walmart was correct and that the album would be called The Art of Letting Go. In February 2014, Carey expressed dismay that the album's title had leaked and confirmed that a new title would now be chosen. The album is now titled Me. I Am Mariah... The Elusive Chanteuse, a two-part title taking its name from two things personal to Carey. The first part is the caption from Carey's "first and only self-portrait", a drawing she drew as a child which is included as part of the album's back cover, while the second half is a nickname she's adopted recently. Summarizing the title and album's concept, Carey said "This album is a reflection of some of the peaks and valleys that made me who I am today. I've always known me. I am Mariah." Carl Williot from Idolator called the album title both "absurd" and "insane". He also lambasted Carey for including "annoying" punctuation in the track listing, including a hashtag (#) for the song "#Beautiful", a period (.) for the song "Cry." and appending characters to the song "Money ($ * / ...)". Time's Dan Macsai called it the "greatest, most over-the-top album title of all time." |
Me. I Am Mariah... The Elusive Chanteuse | In February 2013, Carey stated that she wanted to release the album as soon as possible. The album was delayed to May 2013, which soon changed to July 23, 2013. However, the album was again delayed. On February 10, 2014, it was announced that the album was then set for release on May 6, 2014. Carey discussed issues around the failed singles and push backs during an interview with Billboard, for the magazine's cover story. She said that she wanted fans to hear the album as a full body of work and thus performance of individual singles was less important. Carey also considered a "Beyoncé-style surprise digital release" – Beyoncé released her self-titled album to the iTunes Store in December 2013 without any prior warning, but Def Jam confirmed that Carey's album would receive a traditional release with pre-orders starting May 1, 2014, and a pre-announced album cover, track listing and release date for May 27, 2014. The album also was released early to stream via USA iTunes 'First Play' on May 20, 2014. The album served as Carey's final release under her deal with Def Jam. |
Me. I Am Mariah... The Elusive Chanteuse | Upon release, the album received generally positive reviews. The review aggregator website Metacritic gives a weighted average rating to an album based upon the selected independent mainstream reviews it utilizes, and the album has a Metascore of a 67 out of 100 based on 15 reviews. At AllMusic, Andy Kellman rated the album three-and-a-half stars out of five, saying how Mariah has abandoned the brevity of her earlier releases, but says the songstress is "still capable of delivering 40 minutes of strong, supremely voiced R&B when she's up for it.". He also stated that the standard edition of the album could have worked better without the clumpy and jumbled "Money", the oddly cheap sounding "One More Try", and the stiff/empty "Thirsty". Kenneth Partridge of Billboard rated the album a 77 out of 100, writing how Mariah has found her musical niche that her fans have come to expect that is a "mix of pop-classicist balladry and hip-hop-tinged summer jamming". At Entertainment Weekly, Melissa Maerz graded the album a B, saying how the release proves that her voice has been put through its paces, which she writes when Mariah is "trying to power through a note where it sounds like digital technology might be holding her up by the straps of that crocheted swimsuit." According to Gardner however, Mariah's vocal is "relaxed and confident". Also, Sargent notes that Mariah has "rarely sounded as comfortable." |
Me. I Am Mariah... The Elusive Chanteuse | Jim Farber of New York Daily News rated the album four stars out of five, writing how the title is not indicative of the release as a whole because he says Mariah is not "elusive" in the least on an album where she "made her talent more clear." At USA Today, Elysa Gardner rated the album three-and-a-half stars out of four, remarking whether "Elusive or not, this chanteuse is a survivor, and that's a rare thing in today's fickle, polarized pop landscape." Glenn Gamboa of Newsday graded the album an A−, commenting how Mariah has "nailed it" because she "goes for timeless , with grand results." At The Plain Dealer, Troy L. Smith graded the album a B, indicating how the music meanders towards the latter stages of the album, yet noting that Mariah still picks the correct collaborators to work with on the release. According to Maher however, the collaborations serve no purpose just showing how Mariah is "desperate skirting around for identity" that "leaves this album feeling underwhelming." At Los Angeles Times, August Brown rated the album two-and-a-half stars out of four, indicating how Mariah vocally reined herself in on the album where she showcases her continued relevance. Kevin Ritchie of Now rated the album four N's out of five, finding out that "Carey's back to adding her sparkly touch to summer-ready pop tunes." At Pitchfork, Jordan Sargent rated the album a 7.7 out of ten, giving her credit for not sounding "desperate" because the tonality is "defiantly like Mariah, acknowledging her place in the pop ecosystem both implicitly and explicitly without chomping at the bit." |
Me. I Am Mariah... The Elusive Chanteuse | Nick Murray of Rolling Stone rated the album three stars out five, observing how "stylistic cohesion is as elusive as the chanteuse herself." At The Guardian, Caroline Sullivan rated the album three stars out of five, indicating how the release contains "a good deal of clutter", however, Mariah is "also at her most soulful and melodic" on a release she calls "a welcome return." Eric Henderson of Slant Magazine rated the album three stars out of five, observing how the release is chalked full of Undisciplined R&B pastiches." At The Boston Globe, Sarah Rodman gave a mixed review of the album, commenting on how even the good moments are "sabotaged", and the release as a whole is highly predictable with "a clutch of interchangeable slow-to-midtempo tunes long on pulsating atmosphere—several with distractingly fidgety rhythmic tracks—but short on melody or verve." Aimee Cliff of Fact rated the album two-and-a-half discs out of five, comparing the album unfavorably to Beyoncé's self-titled writing that "the record just doesn't have the same candid, bold edge that characterised Beyonce's huge statement." At musicOMH, Amelia Maher rated the album two-and-a-half stars out of five, stating how Mariah's vocal range is undoubtedly robust, but this time around on the release she "falls short." On Rolling Stone's 20 Best R&B Albums of 2014, Me. I Am Mariah... The Elusive Chanteuse ranked at number 18. |
MMS-class minesweeper | They were 105 ft (32.0 m) long between perpendiculars, with an overall length of 119 ft 4 in (36.37 m), a beam of 23 ft 5 in (7.14 m) and a draught of 8 ft 9 in (2.67 m). Displacement was 240–255 long tons (244–259 t). They were powered by a 500 bhp (370 kW) diesel engine, giving a speed of 11 kn (13 mph; 20 km/h). Their major minesweeping equipment was the LL sweep, where two minesweepers operating side-by-side each trailed two buoyant cables with electrodes at the end of the cables. Pulsing a high current through the cables generated a magnetic field sufficient to set off mines over an area of about 1 acre (0.40 ha). They were later fitted with an SA sweep to deal with acoustic mines, which consisted of an acoustic hammer box mounted on an A-frame on the ship's bow, which could be lowered into the water when required. The ships did not have enough towing power to use conventional contact sweeps for dealing with moored contact mines. Defensive armament consisted of two 0.5 inch machine guns and/or one or two Oerlikon 20mm cannons. The ships had a complement of 20 men. |
Astrothelium decemseptatum | Astrothelium decemseptatum is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae. Found in Brazil, it was formally described as a new species in 2016 by lichenologists André Aptroot and Marcela Cáceres. The type specimen was collected by the authors in the Sítio Ecológico Buriti on Lago Cujubim (northeast of Porto Velho, Rondônia), in a disturbed rainforest. The lichen has a smooth and somewhat shiny, pale yellowish-grey thallus that lacks a prothallus and covers areas of up to 7 cm (2.8 in) in diameter. The ascomata are pear-shaped (pyriform) and typically occur in aggregated groups of two to five, usually immersed in the bark tissue. The species epithet decemseptatum refers to the ascospores, which usually have between nine and eleven septa that divide the spore into distinct compartments. Anthraquinone compounds were detected in collected samples of the lichen using thin-layer chromatography. The characteristics that distinguish it from other members of Astrothelium include its ascomata, which are solitary to irregularly confluent, immersed in large thallus verrucae, and have scattered, external, pink pigment, and an inspersed hamathecium; and the dimensions of the ascospores (50–65 by 10–17 μm). |
Medical use of arsenic trioxide | It seems that the activation of JNK leads to the phosphorylation of both anti-apoptotic proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl-Xl) and pro-apoptotic proteins – Bax (Bcl-2-associated X protein), Bak (Bcl-2 homologous killer), and Bid (BH3 interacting domain death agonist) – effectively activating them. Pro-apoptotic proteins contain the BH3 domain, which is responsible for their "death-inducing" activity. They cause the formation of ion channels in the mitochondrial membrane, resulting in the release of the aforementioned apoptotic factors into the cytoplasm. Anti-apoptotic proteins owe their function to a hydrophobic cleft in their spatial structure that binds to the BH3 domain, thereby neutralizing the effects of the "death" proteins. Under normal conditions, the decision for a cell to undergo apoptosis depends on the ratio of pro-apoptotic to anti-apoptotic proteins. In the case of arsenic trioxide-induced apoptosis, two mechanisms play a significant role in increasing the levels of pro-apoptotic proteins. The first is related to the functioning of the transcription factor NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells). NF-κB exists in the cytoplasm in an inactive state, in a complex with the specific reaction inhibitor IκB (IKK). This complex consists of two catalytic subunits – IKKα and IKKβ – and a regulatory unit IKKγ/NEMO. The phosphorylation and degradation of the inhibitor release NF-κB, which then translocates to the cell nucleus and activates genes responsible for producing "survival" proteins (such as p53, Bcl-2, and other inhibitors of apoptosis). NF-κB also protects cells from apoptotic stimulation involving the TNF-α receptor. Arsenic trioxide binds to the cysteine at position 179 of IKKβ, thus preventing the release of NF-κB. The absence of this protein in the cytoplasm allows for the induction of apoptosis via the extrinsic pathway and activates caspases 3 and 8. |
Jamie Reagan | During his first year on the job, Jamie was the one who continued Joe Reagan's investigation into the Blue Templar, a group of dirty cops found to be responsible for Joe's death. In season two, he takes advantage of a chance opportunity to go undercover in the Sanfino crime family. In "Front Page News", Jamie gets his first kill in what he learns is a suicide by cop; the shooting leaves him with brief post-shooting trauma (more so since Bryant's death was found to be a suicide by cop), but between his family and the NYPD psychologist (Annabella Sciorra), he quickly recovers. In season four, he begins to express concerns because both his father and brother had made detective by that point in their careers, while he is still a patrol officer. In season six, Jamie is studying for and is considering taking the Sergeant's exam; however, he ultimately decides against taking it. In season seven, Frank gets wind from the ranks that he may be the only thing holding Jamie back from becoming a detective. When pressed, Jamie informs his father that he's happy where he is in his career and doesn't necessarily want another assignment. In that same episode, it is mentioned that Jamie is the only NYPD employee with a Harvard Law degree that walks a beat. |
Jamie Reagan | Beginning in 2013, there was significant romantic tension between Jamie and his patrol partner, Eddie Janko, with the two even sharing a kiss. Jamie chose not to act on his feelings after learning that Sergeant Renzulli would reassign them to new road partners if they did. Despite agreeing to keep things professional, there remained lingering romantic tension between the two. In 2018, Jamie and Eddie get engaged along with choosing to remain as partners on the job after discovering there is no official rule against it. In Season 9 Episode 1 "Playing With Fire", however, after Frank contemplates issuing such a specific written rule because of his concerns, Eddie tells Jamie that all she wanted was for them to be a couple. Jamie then announces to Frank that he had scored at the top of the Sergeants' Exam (Frank had not yet looked at the scores and was under the impression that he had declined to take it) and had decided to accept the promotion, which would end his patrol partnership with Eddie and resolve the conflict. Frank then gives his blessing for the marriage, saying he couldn't be happier for Jamie and Eddie. |
Jamie Reagan | In the first episode of season 13, Jamie is shot in the abdomen while investigating a suspect. Within a few episodes thereafter, he is back to actively engaging in foot chases. Over the course of Season 13, Jamie becomes a field intelligence sergeant within his precinct. In Season 14, Jamie's undercover mission with a human trafficking ring nearly ends in tragedy when the group realizes an undercover officer is with them, but he is able to improvise and buy the girls some time. He is instructed by his boss to go home and lay low for a few days, allowing him to make it to Sunday dinner and reunite with the family briefly. Joe Hill, working with the FBI on a drug operation, unknowingly interferes in Jamie's undercover operation, leading to conflict between the two that intensifies after Joe angrily brings up his father's death. Jamie and Joe continue their joint investigation, hoping to fulfill Joe's promise to a woman to reunite her with her sister who was kidnapped as part of the ring. Though they succeed in bringing down the human trafficking ring and Jamie's operation is over, the two still do not see eye to eye. Later in the season, Jamie investigates a drug operation involving rival gangs, against his boss's orders. Jamie sees the investigation through anyway, and rather than being suspended or fired, Jamie is promoted due to his boss being impressed with his work. Joe Hill and Jamie's conflict reaches a boiling point when they get into a fight outside of a bar, making Frank livid at their behavior. He forces Jamie and Joe to ride together, and they eventually put some of their animosity aside. |
David Nalin | 1941 - David Nalin born in New York City. 1957 - David Nalin graduated from the Bronx High School of Science. 1965 - David Nalin graduated from Albany Medical College. 1967 - David Nalin arrived in Dhaka (the capital of East Pakistan, as Bangladesh was known. before gaining independence) to do cholera research at the Pakistan-SEATO Cholera. Research Laboratory (CRL) as a research associate at the US National Institutes of Health (NIH). 1967 - David Nalin discovers that oral therapy can work to rehydrate cholera patients. Collaborates with Richard A. Cash to develop trial protocol to confirm discovery success. 1973 - Dr Nalin established and served at the Johns Hopkins Center for Medical Research in Dhaka, Bangladesh. 1975 - the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) agreed to promote a single, orally administered solution of oral rehydration salts to prevent dehydration caused by diarrhea. 1979 - Dr. Nalin arrived in Lahore, Pakistan, to take charge of the malaria research centre, where he was later expelled by Pakistani authorities early in 1982 due to unfounded Soviet allegations that the research being conducted there was for the CIA 1983 to 2002 - Director of Clinical Research International, later Director of Vaccine Scientific Affairs at Merck's Vaccine Division. 2002 - Dr. Nalin received the first ever Pollin Prize in Pediatric Research. 2007 - Dr. Nalin received the Mahidol Medal from His Royal Highness the King of Thailand, presented at a ceremony at the Chakri Throne Hall in Bangkok. |
Herbert Marshall | Marshall was born in London in 1890, as the only child of stage actors Percy F. Marshall and Ethel May Turner. Theatrical critics praised his father for his comic flair and "rich voice". In addition to acting, Percy wrote and directed some plays in which he appeared. Most popular in the 1880s and 1890s, Marshall's father retired from acting in 1922 and died on 28 December 1927 at the age of 68. Marshall later recalled: "My father was a grand actor—better than I could ever dream of being." His mother was the sister of journalist and drama critic, Leopold Godfrey-Turner (born Leopold McClintock Turner). Marshall's grandfather, Godfrey Wordsworth Turner, wrote several books and articles on art and travel. In an article about his love of the theatre, he noted that one of his uncles was an actor. Godfrey was also the grandnephew of influential businessman Edward Wollstonecraft, who was the nephew of women's rights activist and author Mary Wollstonecraft and first cousin of Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley, who wrote the horror classic Frankenstein. |
Herbert Marshall | Marshall served with the 14th (County of London) Battalion, London Regiment (London Scottish). He recalled his time on the Western Front: "I knew terrific boredom. There was no drama lying in the trenches 10 months. I must have felt fear, but I don't remember it. I was too numb to recall any enterprise on my part." On 9 April 1917 he was shot in the left knee by a sniper at the Second Battle of Arras in France. After a succession of operations, doctors were forced to amputate his leg. Marshall remained hospitalised for 13 months. He later recalled in private that after his injury, he had initially over-dramatised his loss and was wrapped up in self-pity and bitterness. Before long, however, he decided he wanted to return to the theatre and learned how to walk well with a prosthetic leg in order to do so. While he was recovering at St Thomas' in London, King George V visited the hospital. When asked to pick which of the actor's legs he thought was artificial, the king chose the wrong one. Throughout his career, Marshall largely managed to hide the fact that he had a prosthetic limb, although it was occasionally reported in the press. |
Herbert Marshall | Following the Armistice, Marshall joined Nigel Playfair's repertory troupe, appearing in Make Believe , The Younger Generation and Abraham Lincoln . In 1920, he made his first known appearance opposite Edna Best in Brown Sugar. He also appeared in John Ferguson and the Shakespearean plays The Merchant of Venice and As You Like It. Marshall recalled "Jacques in As You Like It has given me more pleasure than any part I have played". The following year, he toured North America with Australian star Marie Löhr and starred in A Safety Match in London. By 1922, Marshall was making regular appearances on both sides of the Atlantic, debuting on Broadway in The Voice from the Minaret and starring in Coward's The Young Idea (with then-wife Maitland) and The Queen Was in the Parlour. Among his other successes were Aren't We All? , The Pelican , Lavender Ladies , Interference , S.O.S. and Tomorrow and Tomorrow . His greatest hits with Edna Best were the aforementioned Brown Sugar, The Charming People , The High Road , Michael and Mary , The Swan and There's Always Juliet . |
Herbert Marshall | During the Second World War, Marshall made numerous appearances on the Armed Forces Radio Service (AFRS), hosting The Globe Theatre and guest-starring on Command Performance and Mail Call, among other programmes. He was also one of the leaders of a Hollywood British committee that helped organise the community's contributions to British war relief. In 1940, Marshall co-starred with Rosalind Russell in Noël Coward's Still Life (from Tonight at 8.30) at the El Capitan. The proceeds went to the British Red Cross. In 1943, he appeared briefly in the RKO film, Forever and a Day. The profits from the film funded a variety of war charities. The same year, Marshall wrote a public letter of encouragement to his Hollywood colleagues serving overseas. He also performed in the short film, The Shining Future , later condensed and renamed Road to Victory, which was intended to sell Canadian war bonds. Marshall and twenty-five other actors each received a plaque from a representative of the Canadian government for their participation in the film. |
Herbert Marshall | In 1936, Marshall began lending his talents to radio, appearing on Lux Radio Theatre (at least 19 appearances), The Screen Guild Theatre (at least 16 appearances), The Jell-O Program (three appearances, including one as host), The Burns and Allen Show (two appearances), Birds Eye Open House, The Pepsodent Show and Hollywood Star Time . He made radio history in July 1940 as the narrator of "The Lodger", the first audition show of the Suspense series (making 20 appearances on the program). His most famous role was as globetrotting intelligence agent Ken Thurston in The Man Called 'X' . The series, first aired on CBS as a summer replacement for the Lux Radio Theatre, introduced Thurston as an employee of an agency known only as "The Bureau". His boss, dubbed "The Chief", tasked him with dealing with some of the world's most hardened, sophisticated criminals, including smugglers, murderers, black marketeers, saboteurs, kidnappers, various types of thieves, corrupt politicians and rogue scientists. Thurston's sidekick/nemesis Egon Zellschmidt was played by character actor Hans Conried during the first season. From 1945 to 1952, Russian comic and musician Leon Belasco appeared in the same role as Pegon Zellschmidt. The show was broadcast not only for the sake of entertainment but it also "alerted an anxious war-weary world to the inherent dangers of peace after war." |
Herbert Marshall | In the early 1930s, Marshall was commonly rumoured within Hollywood social circles to have had affairs with both his Trouble in Paradise co-stars Kay Francis and Miriam Hopkins. In January 1934, Marshall, while still married to Best, began a serious affair with actress Gloria Swanson, who recounted their relationship in her memoirs, Swanson on Swanson . She described Marshall at the time of their first meeting as "a handsome man in his early forties with a gentle face and soft brown eyes", who had "one of the most perfect musical voices I had ever heard". Swanson also wrote that the actor was "sweet beyond belief" and "a nice man", who "utterly charmed" her and her children. He constantly wrote her love notes, and when she was out of town, he sent her romantic telegrams almost hourly. (Many of these personal documents now reside at the University of Texas at Austin's Harry Ransom Center archives, as part of the Gloria Swanson Papers.) Newspapers and film fan magazines widely discussed his affair with Swanson at the time, which he made little attempt to keep secret. |
Herbert Marshall | With the increasing public demand for grittier films after the Second World War, the remaining members of the Hollywood British "colony" began to part ways, with some returning to Britain while others stayed in Hollywood. Marshall, like many of his contemporaries who stayed in Hollywood, began to receive far fewer acting offers and, especially toward the end of his life, had to take whatever he could get due to financial reasons. In May 1951, while in the hospital recuperating from corrective surgery, he suffered a "pulmonary embolism around his heart". After NBC aired three episodes of The Man Called 'X' that were previously transcribed, Marshall's friends Van Heflin, John Lund and Joseph Cotten filled in (one episode each) until Marshall's return in June 1951. Marshall appeared in his last significant film role in The Caretakers with Joan Crawford, who was happy to act with him again 22 years after they made When Ladies Meet together. Noting his poor health and heavy drinking, she worked with the film's director to minimise the time Marshall had to be on the set. |
Killing of Nick Berg | Berg had intended to return to the United States on March 30, 2004, but he was detained in Mosul on March 24. His family claims that he was turned over to U.S. officials and held for 13 days without access to legal counsel. FBI agents visited his parents to confirm his identity on March 31, 2004, but he was not immediately released. After his parents filed suit in federal court in Philadelphia on April 5, 2004, claiming that he was being held illegally, he was released from custody. He said that he had not been mistreated during his confinement. The U.S. maintains that at no time was Berg in coalition custody, but rather that he was held by Iraqi forces. The Mosul police deny they ever arrested Berg, and Berg's family has turned over an email from the U.S. consul stating "I have confirmed that your son, Nick, is being detained by the U.S. military in Mosul." According to the Associated Press, Berg was released from custody on April 6, 2004 and advised by U.S. officials to take a flight out of Iraq, with their assistance. Berg is said to have refused this offer and traveled to Baghdad, where he stayed at the Al-Fanar Hotel. His family last heard from him on April 9, 2004. Berg had his last contact with U.S. officials on April 10, 2004 and did not return again to his hotel after that date. He was interviewed for filmmaker Michael Moore's film Fahrenheit 9/11. Moore chose not to use the footage of his interview with Berg, but instead shared it with Berg's family following his death. |
Lost Hills Oil Field | The Lost Hills Field is one of a series of oil fields along anticlines between the Coalinga Oil Field on the north and the Midway-Sunset Field on the south, along the western edge of the San Joaquin Valley. These anticlines run closely parallel to the San Andreas Fault to the west, and formed as a result of compression from tectonic movement. The Lost Hills Field occupies a portion of a SE-plunging anticline. There are six oil pools in the five producing units, which are, from the top, the Tulare Formation, of Pleistocene age; the Etchegoin Formation, of Pliocene age; the Reef Ridge Shale, McClure Shale, and Devilwater Shale, members of the Monterey Formation, of Miocene age, which can be found in much of coastal California; and the Temblor formation, underneath the others, of Oligocene and Miocene age. A well drilled to 11,553 feet (3,521 m) by Mobil Oil Corp. in the Williamson Lease identified further rock units as old as the Upper Cretaceous below the Temblor, but none of these lowest units have had oil pools. |
Lost Hills Oil Field | On the evening of November 23, a wildcat well being drilled into a promising anticlinal fold underneath the Monterey Formation, northeast of the main Lost Hills field, reached the depth of 17,000 feet (5,200 m) and hit a previously untapped reservoir of gas under intense pressure. Natural gas and petroleum condensate burst from the well, immediately exploding into flame, knocking over the massive drilling rig, destroying the trailer, and melting the nearby drilling equipment. This enormous pillar of fire, which rose to 340 feet (100 m) into the sky, could be seen more than 40 miles (64 km) away, and the quantity of oil release was estimated at 2,000 barrels (320 m3) of oil per day and gas bursting from the well has been estimated at 80 million cubic feet (2.3 million cubic metres) per day at standard conditions. It burned for fourteen days, and continued spewing even after the fire was out; only a secondary well bore, drilled at a slant to intercept the main well, was able to plug the opening and snuff the blowout at last. |
Arthur Bimrose | Bimrose was born in Spokane, Washington. During the Great Depression he attended the San Francisco Art Institute and the University of Oregon. He worked as a sign painter in Portland for Sears, Roebuck & Co. and Fred Meyer before joining The Oregonian art department in 1937. During WWII, he served two years in the U.S. Army's 25th Division as a combat infantryman in the South Pacific, participating in the campaigns to liberate New Guinea and the Philippine Islands. After the war, he returned to The Oregonian and became the paper's political cartoonist in 1947. Over the course of 34-years, his sharp wit and relaxed style reflected the Northwest personality. His works depicted issues of interest in the Northwest, including environmental crisis, two wars and the eventful 1960s. His works are in permanent collections throughout the United States, including the Library of Congress, the American Archives of Art in Detroit, the Oregon Historical Society and the libraries of Lyndon B. Johnson and John F. Kennedy. |
Ramla | By 1011–1012, the Jarrahids controlled all of Palestine, except for the coastal towns, and captured Ramla from its Fatimid garrison, making it their capital. The city and the surrounding places were plundered by the Bedouin, impoverishing much of the population. The Jarrahids brought the Alid emir of Mecca, al-Hasan ibn Ja'far, to act as caliph in defiance of the Fatimids. The development was short-lived, as the Jarrahids abandoned al-Hasan after Fatimid bribes, and the caliphal claimant left the city for Mecca. A Fatimid army led by Ali ibn Ja'far ibn Fallah wrested control of Ramla from the Jarrahids, who continued to dominate the surrounding countryside. The following decade was marked by peace, but, in 1024, the Jarrahids renewed their rebellion. The Fatimid general Anushtakin al-Dizbari secured Ramla for a few months, but the Jarrahids overran the city that year, killing and harassing several inhabitants and seizing much of the population's wealth. They appointed their own governor, Nasr Allah ibn Nizal. In the following year, al-Dizbari drove the Jarrahids out of Ramla, but was recalled to Egypt in 1026. In 1029, he returned and routed the Jarrahids and their Bedouin allies. |
Ramla | Ramla is a great city, with strong walls built of stone, mortared, of great height and thickness, with iron gates opening therein. From the town to the sea-coast is a distance of three leagues. The inhabitants get their water from the rainfall, and in each house is a tank for storing the same, in order that there may always be a supply. In the middle of the Friday Mosque , also, is a large tank: and from it, when it is filled with water, anyone who wishes may take. The area of the mosque measures two hundred paces (Gam) by three hundred. Over one of its porches (suffah) is an inscription stating that on the 15th of Muharram, of the year 425 , there came an earthquake of great violence, which threw down a large number of buildings, but that no single person sustained an injury. In the city of Ramla there is marble in plenty, and most of the buildings and private houses are of this material; and, further, the surface thereof they do most beautifully sculpture and ornament. They cut the marble here with a toothless saw, which is worked with 'Mekka sand'. They saw the marble in length, as is the case with wood, to form the columns; not in across; they also cut it into slabs. The marbles that I saw here were of all colours, some variegated, some green, red, black and white. There is, too, at Ramla, a particular kind of fig, and this they export to all the countries round. This city Ramla, throughout Syria and the West, is known under the name of Filastin. |
Martin Luther (diplomat) | In November 1938, Luther was appointed as head of the sub-department Referat Partei, which carried out liaison activities between the ministry and the Party. On 7 May 1940, his remit was expanded when he persuaded Ribbentrop to appoint him as head of the Abteilung D (Deutschland), a new department combining several Referate. In addition to his existing functions, the ambitious Luther now was given responsibility for foreign travel, printing and distribution of written materials, liaison with the Schutzstaffel (SS) and, significantly, Jewish policy under Referat D III, which he entrusted to Franz Rademacher. Over the next year, he managed to further expand his areas of responsibility, doubling the number of Referate reporting to him. The new department was headquartered in its own building in the Tiergarten section of the city. That physical distance contributed to Luther's autonomy. Contacts between the ministry and Abteilung D were mainly by telephone, and Luther rarely participated in the daily meetings of senior officials at the ministry. Messages from the SS, and its subordinate security section the RSHA, were sent directly to Luther and not through higher officials as was customary. In this way, Luther was able to control which matters were and were not shared with other ministry departments. He also was the person who most often represented the ministry in high-level staff consultations between the various ministries and the SS. |
Martin Luther (diplomat) | By July 1941, Luther was advanced to the civil service rank of Ministerialdirektor with the title of Unterstaatssekretär (Under State Secretary). In addition, in 1942 he was promoted to the rank of SA-Brigadeführer. Thus, Luther was at the height of his power when he attended the Wannsee Conference on 20 January 1942 as the official representative of the Foreign Ministry. He was the only undersecretary invited, with most other ministry representatives being full state secretaries. This was due to the conference organizer, SS-Obergruppenführer Reinhard Heydrich, who much preferred dealing with the ambitious and cooperative Luther, rather than the aristocratic Foreign Office traditionalist, State Secretary Ernst von Weizsäcker. In preparation for the meeting, Luther had his staff compose a memorandum on 8 December 1941 to set out "our wishes and desires". That document committed the ministry to working with other countries to introduce antisemitic restrictions modeled on the Nuremberg Laws, and then to transport their Jews to the east. Following the conference, Luther's department was involved with preparing and securing agreement at the diplomatic level for the deportation of Jews from the countries allied with Germany, such as Bulgaria, Croatia, Hungary, Romania and Slovakia, as well as from the areas occupied by Germany. |
Martin Luther (diplomat) | In early 1943, threatened on several fronts, Luther plotted to supplant Ribbentrop by attempting to discredit him. Though reports vary, he most likely sought assistance in this from SS-Brigadeführer Walter Schellenberg, head of the SS foreign intelligence service, who himself had ambitions of replacing Ribbentrop. Luther wrote an extensive memorandum, in which he went into detail about what he believed to be Ribbentrop's mental weaknesses, portraying him as mentally ill and unfit for his position. He forwarded it to Schellenberg to gain the support of the SS. However, when the memo was brought to Himmler, he viewed it as the worst type of disloyalty, and had the incriminating document delivered directly to Ribbentrop. Luther was arrested by the Gestapo on 10 February 1943 and his Abteilung D was dissolved. Hitler wanted to have him hanged, but Himmler instead persuaded him to have Luther sent to the Sachsenhausen concentration camp in March. There he was put to work cultivating the camp herb garden. After two suicide attempts, he was freed over two years later when the camp was liberated by the Red Army in April 1945, but was hospitalized and died shortly afterward of heart failure. He never faced trial for his involvement in the planning of the Holocaust. |
Martin Luther (diplomat) | The fact that the minutes speak only of "evacuations" has been used by Holocaust deniers to argue that the conference did not present a policy of genocide. However, Luther was among those who already knew that policy with regard to the "Jewish question" had changed. In October 1941, he was made aware by his subordinate, Rademacher, that 8,000 Serbian Jewish men were not being deported but instead had been shot. Also, beginning in October 1941, the SS had been sending periodic situation reports to the Foreign Office concerning the operations of the Einsatzgruppen in the Soviet Union. The reports documented the extent and systematic nature of the mass killing of Jews that already was taking place. Luther saw these reports and was personally involved in preparing a summary of one of the lengthy reports. The Wannsee minutes also document that at the conference Luther noted that difficulties would arise in some countries, such as the Scandinavian states, if the plan were to be put in place there, and that it would therefore be advisable to defer actions in those countries. However, he saw no such great difficulties arising for actions in southeast and western Europe, thereby giving the Foreign Office's concurrence with implementing the Final Solution in those areas. |
William Melton Halsey | William Halsey was born in Charleston, South Carolina. His talent was evident at an early age, and he was encouraged by his mother, Eleanor Loeb Halsey. His first instructor was the local artist Elizabeth O'Neill Verner, who had studied at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts and was one of the leading artists in the Charleston Renaissance. Another early influence was the local artist Edward I. R. Jennings, who had studied in New York City with Arthur Wesley Dow. It was from Jennings that the young Halsey learned about what was happening in the realm of modern art. After high school Halsey attended the University of South Carolina for two years. Realizing he was only interested in art, he sought another place to study where he could maintain his singular focus. He moved to Boston to study at the Boston Museum School (now called the School of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston). His courses at the school were rigorous and included anatomy, perspective, composition, and drawing. He developed an interest in fresco and became sufficiently trained to be able to teach this technique at the school. He attended the school from 1935 to 1939. |
Adriosaurus | A. suessi has 10 cervical vertebrae, none of which exhibit pachyostosis. The neural arches of the cervical vertebrae are wide with both anterior and posterior lateral expansions. The neural spines extend vertically along the length of the neural arch. The shoulder girdle is placed after the tenth presacral and the following vertebrae connect to large, pachyostotic ribs. This has been used to infer that the distinction between the cervical and dorsal vertebrae lies between vertebrae 10 and 11. There are 29 dorsal vertebrae, with each being attached to large ribs. Compared to the cervical vertebrae, the neural arches of the dorsal vertebrae are much wider and more swollen. The dorsal vertebrae have less prominent transverse processes, and the ribs articulate with the body of the centrum. Most of the ribs are heavily ossified and pachyostotic. They are most ossified and thickened near the middle of the dorsal region, while the anterior and posterior part of the dorsal region appear to be less affected. The pachyostosis is most prominent in the proximal half of the ribs, with their distal half being less ossified. After the dorsal vertebrae, A. suessi preserves two sacral vertebrae. They are similar to the dorsal vertebrae, but lack ribs and are instead fused to the pelvis. 65 caudal vertebrae are preserved, with all of them possessing narrow neural arches. Transverse processes are present on the anterior caudals and gradually diminish in size posteriorly, disappearing around the 27th caudal vertebra. |
Raymond Hughes (conductor) | During his time at Thomasville High School, where he was a member of the National Honor Society, he was Drum Major of the Thomasville High School Band and began playing the organ at St. Thomas' Episcopal Church when he was 15, and subsequently at First Baptist and First United Methodist Churches. After graduating with honors in Liberal Arts (English, Political Science, and Music) at the University of Georgia in 1974, at which time he was inducted into Phi Beta Kappa academic honor society, he received an Assistantship at the University of South Carolina, apprenticed to the Hungarian conductor Arpad Darazs as Assistant Conductor of the University of South Carolina Concert Choir. While a graduate student at USC, he also worked as Music Director and Organist at Main Street United Methodist Church in Columbia. In the summer of 1976, the USC Concert Choir took First Prizes in all categories at the Béla Bartók Choral Competition in Debrecen, Hungary. He also studied conducting at Indiana University in 1975 and at the Aspen Music Festival in Colorado in 1976. He received a diploma in Russian from the Gorniy Institute in St. Petersburg, Russia, in 1997, and studied Japanese at The New School in New York City in 2000 and 2001. |
Long number | International accessibility is useful for global organizations who wish to run international campaigns. Limited to national borders, short codes have to be activated in each country where the campaign will take place, which might be expensive and time-consuming. For long-term campaigns or any other assignment, long numbers are also a good solution, as the number can be assigned exclusively for a long term. The long numbers option can be obtained directly from an SMS provider with SS7 access, which is the shortest way possible to have an SMS reception option. Alternatively, long numbers can be obtained from SMS aggregators or SMS providers. To have access to a short code, service providers must enter a bilateral agreement with the mobile network operator that actually owns the number. This process can take time, and potentially cause delays in implementing campaigns. Alternatively, service providers can rent short codes from aggregators, creating another middleman in the value-chain. Premium messaging services are not possible on long numbers; those require short codes and operator agreements. |
Unlocked (Alexandra Stan album) | Several reviews found the music danceable but criticized the songs for lacking originality. Hitfire described "Vanilla Chocolat" as catchy, but found the lyrics meaningless and the track unremarkable. Pure Charts described "We Wanna" as "nothing new," and another Hitfire editor felt that "Dance", while better than the earlier singles from Unlocked, was unoriginal. "Thanks for Leaving" drew some positive comments and was described as a "grown up breakup ballad" and "a nice pop ballad, not too dramatic", with further praise for Stan's vocals and the song's message. RnB Junk's review was more favorable, describing the album as a major evolution in Stan's style beyond straightforward dance songs, and recommending "Thanks for Leaving", "Unlocked", "Set Me Free" and "Give Me Your Everything" as the highlights of the record. In a retrospective review from 2019, the publication called the album "underrated"; writer Jan Bran noted that while Unlocked had its highs and lows, it is worthy to be listened to in full, advising readers not to snub it. |
R45 (South Africa) | The two roads continue south towards Malmesbury together for 2.5 kilometres, where the R45 is given off at an interchange and heads south-east through the town. After three kilometres, the route meets the R302 at a four-way intersection. The R302 continues south towards Durbanville, while the R45 turns left, exiting the town to the east-north-east. After four kilometres, the R46 branches off to the left, heading to Riebeek-Kasteel. The route veers south-east, running for 30 kilometres to intersect with the R44. It then runs south for five kilometres before turning right to intersect at a T-junction with a north–south road. The north road is unsigned, while the R45 turns left towards Paarl. Entering Paarl from the north, this road ends at a t-junction with the R45 turning right for one block and then left at a four-way intersection. Continuing for another kilometre, it meets the R101, becoming co-signed. These two routes continue together southwards for five kilometres, exit Paarl from the south and interchanging with the N1 before the R45 leaves to the left, heading south again. |
Lateralus | Lateralus and the corresponding tours would take Tool a step further toward art rock, and progressive rock territory, in contrast to the band's earlier material, which has often been labeled as alternative metal. The album has also been described as progressive metal. Rolling Stone wrote in an attempt to summarize the album that "Drums, bass and guitars move in jarring cycles of hyperhowl and near-silent death march ... The prolonged running times of most of Lateralus thirteen tracks are misleading; the entire album rolls and stomps with suitelike purpose." Joshua Klein of The A.V. Club in turn expressed his opinion that Lateralus, with its 79-minute running time and relatively complex and long songs—topped by the ten-and-a-half minute music video for "Parabola"—posed a challenge to fans and music programming alike. Drummer Danny Carey said, "The manufacturer would only guarantee us up to 79 minutes ... We thought we'd give them two seconds of breathing room." Carey aspired to create longer songs like those by artists he grew up listening to. The band had segues to place between songs, but had to cut out a lot during the mastering phase. The CD itself was mastered using HDCD technology. |
Lateralus | Terry Bezer praised Lateralus in a review for Drowned in Sound by comparing it to the band's previous album, Ænima, calling it "a more focused and cunning record than its predecessors that in many ways puts everything the band have formerly produced into perspective." David Fricke of Rolling Stone also measured the album up to earlier works from the band's oeuvre; "Tool have everything it takes to beat you senseless; they proved it on 1993's Undertow and their 1996 Grammy-winning beast, Ænima. Here, Tool go to extravagant lengths to drown you in sensation." In a review for Kerrang!, Dave Everly claimed "It's the most perfectly played, perfectly produced record you're likely to hear this or any other year" and that it was "one of the greatest albums you'll hear in your lifetime." Writing for NME, Andy Capper also approved of it; "Lateralus has added a little more colour to their palette of chanting, drumming and high drama. Singer Maynard James Keenan has been unaffected by the comparative tunefulness of his side project A Perfect Circle, while the stripped-down nature of the instrumentation means that Tool's innate heaviness shines out in a world of production tricks and dodges. There's no trickery—Tool's progressiveness is all their own work." |
Frederick Edward Brasch | Brasch studied at Stanford University from 1897 to 1899 and at the University of California from 1899 to 1901. From 1901 to 1902 he held a temporary job as a bookbinder at Stanford University Press. In 1902 he began working in an unpaid position at Harvard College Observatory. There from 1903 to 1904 he was paid as an assistant observer. On August 5, 1903, he married Winnifred E. Orpin. In 1905 he became employed in performing mathematical calculations at Lick Observatory. From 1912 to 1916 he was an assistant at the Stanford University Libraries. In 1915 he was elected a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. In 1916 he studied at Harvard College. He was from 1917 to 1921 an assistant reference librarian at John Crerar Library in Chicago and from 1921 to 1922 a reference librarian at James Jerome Hill Reference Library in St. Paul, Minnesota. Branch did bibliographic research from 1922 to 1923 for the National Research Council and worked as a librarian from 1923 to 1924 in the Carnegie Institution's Department of Terrestrial Magnetism. He served as the secretary of the history of science section of the AAAS and during the 1920s was also secretary of the Isaac Newton commemoration. At the New York Academy of Medicine in a symposium held on the 28th & 29 December 1929, Brasch gave a lecture entitled Medical men in mathematics, astronomy and physics. From 1925 to 1943 he was the Chief of Scientific Collections at the Library of Congress. After retiring from the Library of Congress, he worked for Stanford University from 1944 to 1948 as a consultant in the history of science and from 1948 to 1967 as a consultant in bibliography. |
Aida Badić | Rehabilitation, therapies and various treatments haven't stopped her from being a candidate for the European Championships in Patras, Greece. However, she wasn't fully recovered and her doctor, as well as her coach Bojan Šinkovec, advised her to postpone her comeback for a few more months. Despite those injuries, she managed to do her routines on the floor and bars at the National Competition and win bars and get a silver medal on floor. Also, she placed second at the all-around national competition in November 2002. That was her additional motivation to keep training although her knee was heavily bandaged at every competition. Badić placed second on floor at the "Stjepan Boltižar" Tournament in 2002, right behind her younger teammate Tina Erceg. She continued with training in 2003, won silver on floor and bronze on bars at the Nationals, but was forced to retire at the end of 2004, having finished her 12-year-long career, being a national team member , with over 100 medals, won nationally and internationally. |
Knowle and Dorridge rail crash | As a contributory factor to the crash, it was found that the signalman, in clearing the express, had disregarded a standing order known as Regulation 4A, governing the safe operation of signals in sections of track where the minimum stopping distance for trains was greater than the distance between signals. He had given "line clear" for the express train to the preceding signal box before receiving the required clearance from the following signal box. Instead, he should have sent a "blocking back inside home signal" message to Bentley Heath, the preceding signal box, so that the express train could have been slowed in plenty of time by the Bentley Heath distant signal at caution. However, it was not determined at the enquiry whether the signalman had cleared the express before or after allowing the conflicting freight movement. This may have been academic if the express had been cleared before the freight train was permitted to foul the up main line, even if Regulation 4A had been obeyed. |
Bojan Matić | Born in Zrenjanin, Matić passed youth categories of Jedinstvo Novi Bečej. He joined the first team in 2008 at the age of 16. He scored one goal in eight caps for the club until the end of 2007–08 season. After scoring 6 goals in 15 matches in the first half of 2009–10 season, Matić was elected the Best Young Athlete of Novi Bečej in 2009. He was also marked as one of the most important players for avoiding relegation in the league after the end of season. In total, Matić was a member of the first team for six seasons in the Vojvodina League East. With 18 goals scored in 27 matches, he helped the team win the competition in the 2012–13 season and take promotion to the Serbian League Vojvodina. In summer 2013, he left the club and joined Senta, helping the team to take the first place after the mid-season. Shortly after, Matić moved on trial to Partizan, where he scored a few goals in friendly matches, but failed to sign a contract. In his two seasons with Senta, Matić collected 52 appearances and scored 25 goals. After a short spell with Zemun in late 2015, Matić joined Loznica in early 2016. He earned seven appearances, mostly as a back-up choice, and scored three goals. |
Hermann Raster | Hermann Raster was an American editor, abolitionist, writer, and anti-temperance political boss who served as chief editor and part-owner of the Illinois Staats-Zeitung, a widely circulated newspaper in the German language in the United States, between 1867 and 1891. Together with publisher A.C. Hesing, Raster exerted considerable control over the German vote in the Midwest and forced the Republican Party to formally adopt an anti-prohibition platform in 1872, known as the Raster Resolution. He was appointed as Collector of Internal Revenue for the First District of Illinois by President Ulysses S. Grant but resigned from this post shortly thereafter. Raster returned to Europe in 1890 when his health began to fail him and died filling a minor diplomatic role in Berlin. Today he is best remembered for his extensive correspondence with Western intellectual and political figures of the time, such as Joseph Pulitzer, Elihu Washburne, and Francis Wayland Parker, much of which is preserved at the Newberry Library in Chicago. |
Hermann Raster | Raster was born in Zerbst, in the Duchy of Anhalt-Dessau on May 6, 1827, to a family from the German nobility. He was the son of statesman Wilhelm Christian Raster, a friend of Leopold IV, Duke of Anhalt who served as the chief Collector of Customs and Excise for the Duchy and was a noted translator from the English language. His father insisted he learn English from a young age and had a tutor brought from England to instruct him. A naturally talented linguist, Raster was fluent in seven languages by the time he completed his education. He graduated from the University of Leipzig in 1846 and then the University of Berlin in 1848, studying philology, linguistics, and history at his father's behest. Despite his father's wishes for him to pursue a career in philology, Hermann Raster was more interested in journalism and politics than in academia. In 1849 he took a position as the stenographer of the Anhalt Legislature and shortly thereafter was named Secretary of the State Assembly of Dessau. Spurred by an encounter with the writer Bettina von Arnim, Raster became an important leader of the 1848 Revolution in Dessau, and passionately wrote pamphlets criticizing both the Caesaropapism of the Lutheran Church and the autocracy of the state. Despite his youth, he was made Chief Stenographer of the both short-lived and revolutionary Erfurt Parliament in March 1850. In 1851, during the aftermath of the failed revolutions, Raster was given the choice to emigrate permanently from the German States like other Forty-Eighters or to face criminal prosecution for his actions. |
Hermann Raster | Raster arrived in New York City in July, 1851 and first found employment as a wood-chopper at a farm near Tioga, Pennsylvania. He left for Buffalo in the spring of 1852, accepting the position of editor for the Buffalo Demokrat. His journalistic reputation grew quickly and in February 1853, Raster was made editor of the New-Yorker Abend-Zeitung, one of the most influential German-language papers of the time. He had a wife, Emilia Berta Hahn Raster, born in 1836, and a daughter, Mathilde, with her in 1855. While living in New York, he became an active member of the Republican Party. In 1856, he became an elector in the 1856 presidential election. Raster was influential in leading the German-American switch to the Republican Party in 1856, swaying German public opinion via his pro-union, anti-slavery articles in the German press, and promoting the personal liberty cause. He was a very strong supporter of Abraham Lincoln and helped convince the German and European communities to vote Republican. His wife, Emilia, died on October 14, 1861, at the age of 25, of an unknown cause. She is interred at Evergreens Cemetery in New York. During the American Civil War, he was the primary American correspondent for the newspapers in Berlin, Bremen, Vienna, and other Central European cities, and was regarded as more effective in campaigning for the American cause in Germany than any politicians at the time. He returned to Germany briefly during the war to drum up support for the Union and find investors for Union bonds. Up until 1867 he was also the Wagonmaster of the United States Custom House in New York City. |
Hermann Raster | In 1867, Raster accepted A.C. Hesing's offer for the position as editor for the Illinois Staats-Zeitung in Chicago, a position he kept until his death. Raster was a delegate to the 1868 Republican National Convention, where he was chairman of the platform committee. In 1869, he was appointed the Collector of Internal Revenue for the District of Chicago. During the Great Chicago Fire of 1871, Raster lost his home, and the newspaper building and all of its archives and contents were destroyed. Regardless of the extreme loss, the Staats-Zeitung (under Raster's administration) was the first newspaper in Chicago to print the news of the fire, having gathered enough supplies to resume printing less than 48 hours after the catastrophe. In Later the same year, he was re-appointed the position as Collector of Internal Revenue by President Ulysses S. Grant. In 1872, Raster resigned from the position as Collector of Internal Revenue to save more time for the paper and help campaign for Grant in the upcoming election. That same year at the National Republican Convention in Philadelphia inserted the "Raster Resolution" in its platform which greatly opposed the Temperance movement. Raster held so much influence over the German community he once threatened to leave the party if Prohibition was not made an issue and the resolution not passed and with him the entire German vote, which was a substantial base of power for the Republican Party in the West. During the Haymarket Affair, Raster was trying to delegate the rioters before he left the scene when he realized any hope for containing the situation was lost. Once the perpetrators were caught he wrote a letter to the Governor, John Peter Altgeld demanding that the prisoners be put to death. |
Rob Norris | Norris was dropped from the cabinet in a shuffle six months after the 2011 election, in May 2012. He was named Legislative Secretary for First Nations and Métis Engagement and for International Trade and Education before returning to cabinet in September 2013, taking over his former post as Minister of Advanced Education amidst a funding crisis at the University of Saskatchewan. After the province announced cuts to the university's operating budget, the institution launched a controversial program review with the aim of reducing its budget. The crisis ultimately led to the firing of the university's president, Ilene Busch-Vishniac. In 2015, Busch-Vishniac launched a lawsuit over the dismissal, in which Norris and Premier Brad Wall were named as defendants along with the university and its Board of Governors. Busch-Vischniac alleged that Norris and Wall interfered unlawfully in the university's business, influencing the board in its decision to fire her. In May 2019, the university board's effort to have the case dismissed failed and the case was allowed to proceed. |
Rob Norris | Norris called for increased funding for the Saskatoon Police Service. He also vowed to lower the city's property tax increase to 1% annually by instituting a hiring freeze, promised to cut fees for business licenses, and to institute a one-time tax break for sports and arts organizations. Norris took aim at a number of high-profile projects that he attributed to Clark, vowing to halt a new downtown library project—which he characterized as "gold plated"—along with a rapid-transit system and a greenhouse gas emissions-reduction plan. Norris was criticized by Clark throughout the campaign for spreading misinformation, and media commentators noted that Norris often failed to provide evidence for his claims about those projects. Clark also charged that Norris had organized a slate of candidates for the election, citing his presence at campaign launches and efforts at door-knocking with candidates who were running on similar campaign commitments, but Norris denied the charge. Norris was also accused of using "divisive language" by the management of a local shelter after saying it needed "fixing and removal." He further became embroiled in controversy for a Halloween social media post making unsubstantiated accusations about Clark mistreating female board members at the city's modern art gallery. Although Norris expressed "regret" for the post, he blamed it on campaign manager Dale Richardson, who was ultimately fired over the incident. Richardson was later identified as the source of a large in-kind donation of $19,629.94 to Norris's failed mayoral campaign. Norris also campaigned on a platform of increasing the speed limit in the Northeast swale from 60 km/h to 70 km/h, despite this being above the road's design limits and the risk increased injury and death due to vehicle - wildlife collisions in this area. The Saskatoon & District Labour Council, which typically only endorses candidates, also warned voters against supporting Norris due to his record as Labour minister. The president of the Council, Don MacDonald, said that "here's not a lot of trust" with Norris, and that he was "not considered a friend of labour." |
Yokohama F. Marinos | On 6 December 2023, Kevin Muscat resigned as the head coach in which Harry Kewell were appointed as the new head coach of the club on 31 December 2023 becoming the third consecutive Australian manager in the club history. Harry Kewell than guided the club in the round of 16 fixture against Thai Bangkok United, winning the match 3–2 on aggregate with Anderson Lopes scoring an injury time penalty in the 120th minute of extra time during the second leg sending the team to the quarter-finals. Marinos then faced off against Shandong Taishan again in which Marinos won 3–1 on aggregate thus seeing them to the semi-finals against South Korean Ulsan Hyundai. Marinos suffered a 1–0 defeat away in which the club bounced back in the second leg at home winning the match 3–2 thus seeing both club tied with 3–3 on aggregate sending the match into extra time and than penalties shootout. Marinos went on to win the penalties shootout 5–4 where vice-captain Eduardo scored the winning penalty to send the team to their first-ever Champions League final against Emirati Al Ain. They would start losing 0-1 during the first leg at home, but then came back with two goals from Asahi Uenaka and Kota Watanabe to make it 2–1 at the end of the match, but, unfortunately, they'd lose 5–1 away in the second leg (6–3 on aggregate), thus ending as runners-up of the competition. |
Hermit Park, Queensland | A red light district developed along Herauld Street and the Causeway Hotel before World War II. The Causeway Hotel took its name from the causeway over the nearby embankment and bridge that crossed Ross Creek to provide access to the Townsvillle city centre. However, the massive influx of Australian and American troops into Townsville during World War II caused a dramatic increase in the number of brothels and prostitutes in the area and there were many disturbances in the area, attracting the attention of the local police and military police. The area was also believed to be the cause of considerable venereal disease among the troops which affected military operations, leading to a directive in November 1942 that the Causeway Red Light District was out of bounds for troops. In 1945 some houses burned down in the area and another was washed away in the flood. In 1969 the Townsville City Council resumed all of the properties in the area and demolished them, renaming Herauld Street to be Ford Street and Brodie Street, in order to remove the bad reputation of the area. |
Bhadrabahu III | Punya-vijaya-ji also theorizes that Bhadrabahu III authored the Sanskrit-language astrological treatise Bhadrabāhu-samhita. The authorship of the Bhadrabāhu-saṃhitā is attributed to Varahamihira's alleged brother Bhadrabahu in Rajashekhara's Prabandha-kosha. In the text, Bhadrabahu educates his pupils on astrology, at the Pandugiri hill near Rajagrha in Magadha, during the reign of the king Senajit. According to historian Ajay Mitra Shastri, the text could not have been the work of a 6th-century author: it is likely a 14th-century forgery. Shastri notes that Rajashekhara describes Bhadrabahu as superior to Varahamihira, but Bhadrabāhu-samhita is inferior to Varahamihira's Bṛhat-saṃhitā in every aspect, including content, presentation, organization, and language. Moreover, the text features several non-Jain elements: it begins in a Puranic fashion, describes Bhadrabahu as a bhagavat, mentions several Brahmanical deities before the Arhats, refers to the varna system, and recommends the performance of Vedic sacrifices. Shastri therefore describes it as "an unintelligent compilation" based on some earlier Brahmanical work which was modified to make it look like a Jain text. |
1986 New York Mets season | On July 3 against Houston, Darryl Strawberry hit a game-tying home run. But it was Ray Knight who won the game with a homer of his own, after striking out in his first four at-bats. Dwight Gooden's first half performance was good enough for him to earn the honor of being named starting pitcher for the National League in the All-Star Game in the Astrodome. This game marked the end of a streak where the NL won 13 of the previous 14 games and served as foreshadowing for what would happen next. Later in the month, the Mets lost three of four to the Astros. During this series, four Mets were arrested at a popular nightclub in Houston. Their fortunes improved in a bizarre game in Cincinnati's Riverfront Stadium on July 22. In the top of the ninth, Dave Parker dropped the ball that could have been the final out for the Reds, allowing the Mets to tie the game. In the bottom of the tenth, Eric Davis got to third and brawled with Ray Knight. Both men, along with Kevin Mitchell and Mario Soto, were ejected. Johnson was forced to alternate Jesse Orosco and Roger McDowell in the outfield. In the bottom of the twelfth, Carl Willis bunted into a double-play. In the top of the fourteenth, Howard Johnson hit a home run to put the Mets on top. The Mets went 16–11 during July and finished the month with a season record of 66–32 and were up by 15.5 games in the NL East division. |
1986 New York Mets season | When they got to Philadelphia, droves of Mets fans were there to see if they would clinch the NL East. In fact, they seemed to take up half of Veterans Stadium. Given what had happened to them when they got swept in a three-game series by the Cubs in Chicago preceding the series and not wanting to see visiting teams win a division title on their field, the Phillies swept the Mets. During the series, Mets fans at Veterans Stadium became unruly and damaged seats in the upper deck (the 700 level). One Mets fan was arrested after striking at two Philadelphia police officers. The Phillie Phanatic summed up the Mets being swept by crushing three Mets helmets in front of the Mets dugout during the final game of the series. The Phillies ended up being the only team in the league to post a winning record against the Mets, going 10–8, with a 7–2 mark at Veterans Stadium. During the postseason awards, the Mets rivalry with the Phillies and that series was played out again, as it was Mike Schmidt of the Phillies who won the National League MVP Award, ahead of Gary Carter, who finished third, and Keith Hernandez, who finished fourth. It was Schmidt's third career MVP. |
Johann Jakob Kaup | He was born at Darmstadt. After studying at Göttingen and Heidelberg he spent two years at Leiden, where his attention was specially devoted to the amphibians and fishes. He then returned to Darmstadt as an assistant in the grand ducal museum, of which in 1840 he became inspector. In 1829 he published Skizze zur Entwickelungsgeschichte der europäischen Thierwelt, in which he regarded the animal world as developed from lower to higher forms, from the amphibians through the birds to the beasts of prey; but subsequently he repudiated this work as a youthful indiscretion, and on the publication of Darwin's Origin of Species he declared himself against its doctrines. The extensive fossil deposits in the neighbourhood of Darmstadt gave him ample opportunities for palaeontological inquiries, and he gained considerable reputation by his Beiträge zur näheren Kenntniss der urweltlichen Säugethiere . He also wrote Classification der Säugethiere und Vögel , and, with Heinrich Georg Bronn, Die Gavial-artigen Reste aus dem Lias . He was elected as a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1862. |
Looking After Our Own | Tom and Helen prepare to move out, but are kidnapped by Osbourne's gang and taken to the kitchen of his waste management plant for interrogation. Knowing they are MI5 officers, Osbourne demands everything Tom knows about their operation; when he fails to co-operate, Osbourne forces Helen's hand and then head into a deep fryer, then has her executed. Before Tom can suffer the same fate, Claire throws a cigarette into the vat, which ignites, buying Tom time to escape and return to Thames House. However, Tom and Harry are disgusted to hear that the powers-that-be are happy about Helen's murder and Osbourne's plans, since it discredits the far right, and enables the government to gain a political victory and gain consensus on an immigration policy. Additionally, they refuse to take any action against Osbourne, in order to track the movements of all far-right groups, until the surveillance has finished. At the end of the episode, Harry has Osbourne assassinated, and Claire and her son are in an airport about to catch a flight abroad. Bill Watson receives photographs of the dead refugees washed up on a beach, along with a note reading "are you happy with your wash?" |
Looking After Our Own | The episode attracted controversy following the demise of Helen Flynn after her hand and head were forced into a deep fryer. The death scenes attracted over 250 complaints, 154 of them to the television watchdog, the Broadcasting Standards Commission, the highest number of complaints for a television programme in 2002. In the wake of the complaints, BBC insiders had admitted that the scenes "clearly disturbed" some of the viewers, but also defended their decision to show the scene as it would show the audience "the kind of threat which might be faced by agents engaged in the fight against terrorism." The Broadcasting Standards Commission stated that despite the content; "in the context was acceptable and important for the later narrative," however the watchdog still criticised the BBC for failing to warn viewers of the violence to come. Garrett refuted this, stating: "Not only was there a clear warning before the programme began, but for anyone who missed that, the subject matter of the episode (a conspiracy to stir up inter-racial violence perpetrated by a man who clearly beat his wife) was hardly the stuff of which chirpy little bucolic fantasies are made." |
When Taekwondo Strikes | Rhee landed the role in the film with help from his friend Bruce Lee whom he met in 1964 while both were performing demonstrations at an international karate event held in Long Beach, California. In 1972, Lee went to Golden Harvest Films boss Raymond Chow with the idea of making a movie about Taekwondo with Rhee in lead role. Rhee who never thought of himself as an actor didn't think it would come to fruition but a year later in the summer of 1973, Rhee was flying to Hong Kong to star in the film which was set in Korea, playing the part of Master Lee, a leader of a group of underground patriots. The plot for the film was based on a synopsis written by Rhee. It didn't take long to produce the film and by 19 July Rhee was back in the United States. This was when Bruce Lee called him to let him know that the film's editing had been done and it was ready for release. Rhee was looking at the possibility of more film work but with Lee's death which was around the film's release and the possibility of being away from his family didn't appeal to him. So this became his first and last film. |
Territorial integrity | The emergence of nationalism and self-determination in the 18th and 19th centuries began to alter people's perception of the states in which they resided. Nationalism promoted the belief that territory belonged to a nation and that the territorial integrity of a nation should be respected. Guntram Herb argues national identity is "dependent on territory because only territory provides tangible evidence of the nation's existence and its historical roots, and a nation needs a clearly demarcated national territory to demand its own state". John Etherington agrees, stating: "Underlying all nationalist claims over territory is the proposition that nation and territory ultimately belong to each other, to the extent that the characteristic features of each cannot be understood without making reference to the other". He observes how, because all nationalist movements necessarily make territorial claims in a world marked by competing claims over territory, this becomes an essential part of their self-justification. |
Old English literature | Related to the heroic tales are a number of short poems from the Exeter Book which have come to be described as "elegies" or "wisdom poetry". They are lyrical and Boethian in their description of the up and down fortunes of life. Gloomy in mood is The Ruin, which tells of the decay of a once glorious city of Roman Britain (cities in Britain fell into decline after the Romans departed in the early 5th century, as the early Celtic Britons continued to live their rural life), and The Wanderer, in which an older man talks about an attack that happened in his youth, when his close friends and kin were all killed; memories of the slaughter have remained with him all his life. He questions the wisdom of the impetuous decision to engage a possibly superior fighting force: the wise man engages in warfare to preserve civil society, and must not rush into battle but should seek out allies when the odds may be against him. This poet finds little glory in bravery for bravery's sake. The Seafarer is the story of a sombre exile from home on the sea, from which the only hope of redemption is the joy of heaven. Other wisdom poems include Wulf and Eadwacer, The Wife's Lament, and The Husband's Message. Alfred the Great wrote a wisdom poem over the course of his reign based loosely on the neoplatonic philosophy of Boethius called the Lays of Boethius. |
Old English literature | Legal texts are a large and important part of the overall Old English corpus. The Laws of Aethelberht I of Kent, written at the turn of the 7th century, are the earliest surviving English prose work. Other laws wills and charters were written over the following centuries. Towards the end of the 9th, Alfred had compiled the law codes of Aethelberht, Ine, and Offa in a text setting out his own laws, the Domboc. By the 12th century they had been arranged into two large collections (see Textus Roffensis). They include laws of the kings, beginning with those of Aethelbert of Kent and ending with those of Cnut, and texts dealing with specific cases and places in the country. An interesting example is Gerefa, which outlines the duties of a reeve on a large manor estate. There is also a large volume of legal documents related to religious houses. These include many kinds of texts: records of donations by nobles; wills; documents of emancipation; lists of books and relics; court cases; guild rules. All of these texts provide valuable insights into the social history of Anglo-Saxon times, but are also of literary value. For example, some of the court case narratives are interesting for their use of rhetoric. |